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the 63rd single-seater designed and built by scuderia ferrari to take part in the formula 1 world championship is born out of a regulation change that is without precedent in this category of motor sport. generally, in the past, regulations went in the direction of slowing down the cars. however, this year, the rule changes go in the opposite direction, meaning the cars have more aerodynamic downforce and more mechanical grip.
aerodynamic concept
on this topic, the gestione sportiva group has concentrated its efforts on finding the right compromise between downforce and aerodynamic resistance, or drag. the new pirelli tyres are much wider than in the past, by 6 centimetres each at the front and 8 at the rear. this increased frontal area constitutes a “brake” on forward motion as does the increased downforce coming from the 2017 specification front wing, floor and diffuser. countering this effect, the combination of downforce and the bigger footprint from the tyres translates into increased grip, leading to higher cornering speeds.
chassis
there are several differences between the 668 project and ferraris from the recent past: the lengthened nose and the arrow-shaped wing are a consequence of the regulations, as is the obvious fin on the engine cover and the more complex aero appendages ahead of the air intakes on the sidepods, whose unusual shape was designed in harmony with the front crash structure. visible at the front is a duct that has an aerodynamic role, while behind the driver, the roll-hoop, which incorporates the engine air intake has been completely redesigned. also updated is the suspension layout, which still retains a push rod design at the front with pull rods at the rear. the hubs and wheel nuts have been redesigned to facilitate the work of the mechanics when changing wheels during the pit stops. finally, also as a function of the expected increase in performance this year, the power-steering and braking systems have been upsized.
power unit
in contrast to the aerodynamics, when it comes to the power unit, there have been few changes to the regulations. the main one concerns the amount of fuel that can be used by each car during the race: with the predicted increase in performance, with a bigger percentage of each lap spent at full revs, the permitted amount of fuel has increased from 100 to 105 kg, although the flow rate is still fixed at 100 kg/hour. the 062 engine is a definite step forward compared to its predecessor, when it comes to chasing performance. the layout of some of the mechanical components on the hybrid power unit has been revised, while other areas maintain a similar layout to the 2016 car. on the sporting regulation front, the abolition of the “token” system allows the teams more room for development over the course of the season.
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ʤɑn ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ gɪt aʊt əv hɛl. wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl əv hɪz hɛl, ˈmɪʃɪgən, ˈbɪldɪŋz ɔn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt, hoʊps tɪ sloʊ daʊn ə bɪt ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˈtrævəl wɪθ hɪz ˈfæməli. ʃoʊn, stændz ɪn frənt əv hɪz skrimz frəm hɛl. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈælən ˈdeɪli) ən ˈɑrtɪst ənd ˈlidər əv ə grup ðət prəˈdusɪz ən ɑrt ʃoʊ əraʊnd ˌhæləˈwin iʧ jɪr ɪn ˈdiˌtrɔɪt wɔnts tɪ teɪk hɪz dæmd aɪˈdiəz tɪ hɛl. ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən noʊn ɛz dæmd həz lɔnʧt ən ˈɔnˌlaɪn kæmˈpeɪn ɪn ðə hoʊps əv ˈreɪzɪŋ ɪˈnəf ˈməni tɪ ˈpərʧəs ʤɑn ˈhoʊldɪŋz ɪn ðə ˈpətnəm ˈtaʊnʃɪp ˈhæmlɪt əv hɛl. ˈbɪznɪsɪz ɪn hɛl ˌɪnˈklud skrimz aɪs krim ənd ˈdaɪnər, ə ˈwɛdɪŋ ˈʧæpəl, ə ˌsuvəˈnɪr ʃɑp ənd ə ˈmɪnɪˌʧʊr gɔlf kɔrs. ðə ˌənəˈfɪʃəl meɪər əv hɛl əˈnaʊnst ðɪs mənθ ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðə ðət hi wɑz ˈpʊtɪŋ ɔl əv ɪt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə raɪts tɪ ˈmərʧənˌdaɪz ənd sˈloʊgənz, əp fər seɪl fər ðə ˈdɛvlɪʃ praɪs əv ˈænθɔˌni, ɛz hi ɪz noʊn, ɪz ðə ˈlidər əv dæmd, wɪʧ hoʊps tɪ reɪz tɪ ˈpərʧəs hɛl ənd bɪld ə pərˈfɔrməns ɑrt ˈsɛnər wɛr ɪˈvɛnts kʊd bi hɛld year-round*. "ɑr aɪˈdiə ɪz tɪ ˈjutəˌlaɪz ðə bæk lænd ˈɛriə tɪ bɪld ən ɪnˈkloʊzd, ˈstrəkʧər ðət wɪl əˈlaʊ fər mɔr ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ɪˈvɛnt pərˈdəkʃənz ɪn hɛl," hi sɛd ɪn ən iˈmeɪl tɪ ðə ˈlɪvɪŋstən ˈdeɪli. "ðɪs wʊd əˈlaʊ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ɪkˈspænd ɑr pərˈdəkʃənz tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ən ˈænjuəl ˈfɛstɪvəl wɪθ pərˈfɔrməns, mˈjuzɪk ənd ɑrt. ɪt wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊ fər ˈəðər pərˈdəkʃənz tɪ kənˈsɪdər hɛl fər ðɛr ɪˈvɛnts, səʧ ɛz smɔl ˈkɑnsərts, ˈθieɪtər pərˈdəkʃənz, ˈwɛdɪŋ rɪˈsɛpʃənz, ˈkɔrpərət ˈpɑrtiz ənd ðə laɪk." ɛz əv ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ, ðə kæmˈpeɪn hæd ˈplɛʤɪz ˈtoʊtəlɪŋ frəm 11 ˈbækərz. ɪt nidz tɪ reɪz ðə fʊl əˈmaʊnt baɪ mɑrʧ 22 fər ðə pæst eɪt jɪrz əraʊnd ˌhæləˈwin, ˈænθɔˌni' grup həz ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ðə ˈænjuəl dæmd ˌɛksəˈbɪʃən, wɪʧ hi sɛd əˈlaʊz ˈɑrtɪsts tɪ "ʃɛr ə glɪmps wɪˈθɪn ðɛr dɪˈvərs ˈʃæˌdoʊz əv ˈaɪˈdi ənd ˈigoʊ." dæmd prəˈdusɪz ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈəðər ɪˈvɛnts iʧ jɪr ɛz wɛl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪts ˈpərgəˌtɔri fɪlm ˌɛksəˈbɪʃən ˈkəmɪŋ mɑrʧ tɪ dɪˈtrɔɪts ˈtænʤənt ˈgæləri. ˈænθɔˌni sɛd hi həz nɑt bɪn ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ, bət hi ɪz fəˈmɪljər wɪθ hɛl. "aɪ hæv ˈvɪzɪtɪd sɪns aɪ wɑz ə smɔl ʧaɪld ənd stɪl hæv ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv mi ˈpoʊkɪŋ maɪ hɛd θru ə ˈdɛvəl ˈkəˌtaʊt," hi sɛd. ɪf ðə kæmˈpeɪn fɔlz ʃɔrt əv ɪts goʊl, ˈænθɔˌni sɛd ðə grup wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ du wət ɪts dən fər ðə pæst eɪt jɪrz ɪn ˈdiˌtrɔɪt, wɛr ɪt hæd bɪn ˈsikɪŋ ən əˈbændənd ʧərʧ tɪ bɪld ə lɑrʤ ɑrt speɪs fər ɪts ɪˈvɛnts. tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə kæmˈpeɪn, goʊ tɪ https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/damned/help-us-create-hell-20-on-earth*. fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt dæmd, goʊ tɪ http://thatdamnedshow.com*. rɛd ər ʃɛr ðɪs ˈstɔri:
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john colone is looking to get out of hell. with several of his hell, michigan, buildings on the market, colone hopes to slow down a bit and enjoy travel with his family. shown, colone stands in front of his screams from hell. (photo: alan ward/livingston daily)
an artist and leader of a group that produces an art show around halloween each year in detroit wants to take his damned ideas to hell.
the organization known as damned has launched an online kickstarter campaign in the hopes of raising enough money to purchase john colone's holdings in the putnam township hamlet of hell.
colone's businesses in hell include screams ice cream and diner, a wedding chapel, a souvenir shop and a miniature golf course. the unofficial mayor of hell announced this month on friday the 13th that he was putting all of it, including the rights to merchandise and hell-themed slogans, up for sale for the devilish price of $999,666.
anthony dvs, as he is known, is the leader of damned, which hopes to raise $1,333,666 to purchase hell and build a performance art center where events could be held year-round.
"our idea is to utilize the back land area to build an enclosed, temperature-controlled structure that will allow for more elaborate event productions in hell," he said in an email to the livingston daily. "this would allow us to expand our productions to include an annual festival with performance, music and art. it will also allow for other productions to consider hell for their events, such as small concerts, theater productions, wedding receptions, corporate parties and the like."
as of tuesday evening, the kickstarter campaign had pledges totaling $47,102 from 11 backers. it needs to raise the full amount by march 22.
for the past eight years around halloween, anthony dvs' group has organized the annual damned exhibition, which he said allows artists to "share a glimpse within their diverse shadows of id and ego." damned produces a number of other events each year as well, including its purgatory film exhibition coming march 13-14 to detroit's tangent gallery.
anthony dvs said he has not been in contact with colone, but he is familiar with hell.
"i have visited since i was a small child and still have a photo of 5-year-old me poking my head through a devil cutout," he said.
if the kickstarter campaign falls short of its goal, anthony dvs said the group will continue to do what it's done for the past eight years in detroit, where it had been seeking an abandoned church to build a large art space for its events.
to contribute to the kickstarter campaign, go to https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/damned/help-us-create-hell-20-on-earth.
for more information about damned, go to http://thatdamnedshow.com.
read or share this story: https://www.livingstondaily.com/story/news/local/community/putnam-township/2015/02/24/damned-kickstarter-putnam-township/23959529/
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ə ˈməzlɪm ˈjuˌtub stɑr hu meɪd ə hoʊks ˈvɪdioʊ ɪn 2014 ʃoʊɪŋ ən ˌɛnˈwaɪˌpiˌdi ˈɔfɪsər ˈstɑpɪŋ ɪm fər bɪˈkəz hi wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈməzlɪm gɑrb ɪz ˈkleɪmɪŋ ˈdɛltə ˈɛˌrlaɪnz ˈbutɪd ɪm ɔf ə flaɪt frəm ˈləndən tɪ nu jɔrk bɪˈkəz hi wɑz ˈspikɪŋ ɔn hɪz foʊn tɪ hɪz ˈməðər ɪn ˈɛrəbɪk. wi gɑt kɪkt aʊt əv ə @ˈdɛltə ˈɛrˌpleɪn bɪˈkəz aɪ spoʊk ˈɛrəbɪk tɪ maɪ mɑm ɔn ðə foʊn ənd wɪθ maɪ frɛnd slɪm... pliz sprɛd ˈædəm ˈsɑlɛh (@omgadamsaleh*) dɪˈsɛmbər 21 2016 ˈædəm ˈsɑlɛh, 23 ˈpoʊstɪd ˈməltəpəl ˈvɪdioʊz tɪ tˈwɪtər ənd ˈpɛrəˌskoʊp ðət ʃoʊd ˈdɛltə flaɪt əˈtɛndənts ˈɛskɔrtɪŋ ɪm ɔf ðə pleɪn. ˈsɑlɛh kleɪmd ˈpæsənʤərz uncomfortable”*” ənd kɔld flaɪt əˈtɛndənts bɪˈkəz hi wɑz ˈspikɪŋ ˈɛrəbɪk. slɪm, frɛnd ənd ˈfɛloʊ ˈjuˌtub ˌpərsəˈnælɪti, wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ɛˈskɔrtɪd ɔf ðə pleɪn. ˈsɑlɛh kəmˈpleɪnd, kɪkt ˈjuˈɛs ɔf ðə pleɪn bɪˈkəz ə ˈleɪdi, bɪˈkəz ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl fɛlt ənˈkəmfərtəbəl. ˈdɛltə ɛr laɪnz ʤɪst kɪkt ˈjuˈɛs aʊt fər ˈspikɪŋ arabic.”*.” ˈsɑlɛh toʊld ðə ˈgɑrdiən, ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ teɪk ɔf aɪ spik tɪ maɪ mɑm. maɪ mɑm ɪz 66 jɪrz oʊld ənd ʃi ˈoʊnli spiks ˈɛrəbɪk, soʊ aɪ wɑz ˈspikɪŋ tɪ hər ɪn ˈɛrəbɪk ɪt wɑz ə foʊn call.”*.” ˈsɑlɛh kleɪmd ðət hi kənˈtɪnjud baɪ ˈspikɪŋ tɪ ɪn ˈɛrəbɪk ənd ˈɪŋlɪʃ, ˈædɪŋ, ˈleɪdi ðət wɑz ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈmeɪbi fɔr sits əˈhɛd əv ˈjuˈɛs tərnz əraʊnd ənd sɪz: maɪ, ju nid tɪ spik ˈɪŋlɪʃ, ˈfilɪŋ ˈvɛri uncomfortable.’”*.’” hi ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ən ˈoʊldər mæn ðə ˈwʊmən wɑz ˈtrævəlɪŋ wɪθ snæpt, ðɛm əv ðə plane!”*!” ˈprɑmptɪŋ ˈəðər mɛn tɪ kɔl ðə ˈkæptən. ˈsɑlɛh sɛd ðə ˈwʊmən toʊld ðə ˈkæptən: fil ənˈkəmfərtəbəl ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈhæpənd ɪn ˈʤərməni. ɪf ðeɪ liv, aɪ liv." əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɑlɛh, ðə ˈkæptən ðɛn æst tɪ spik tɪ ɪm ənd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd. ðət wɑz wɪn ˈsɑlɛh ˈstɑrtɪd ˈʃutɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊz. wən ˈfiʧərd ɪm ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðə flaɪt əˈtɛndənts toʊld ɪm ənd ðeɪ wər loud.”*.” hi ˈædɪd, ðə ˈreɪsɪst ˈpipəl ɪn ðɛr, ðeɪ wər laɪk: fil uncomfortable,’*,’ bət bɪˈkəz ðɛr wər laɪk 20 əv ðoʊz ˈreɪsɪst ˈpipəl, ðə ˈkæptən keɪm ənd hi kɪkt ˈjuˈɛs aʊt. nɑt ˈlɛtɪŋ ðɪs slaɪd ðeɪ wər ˈskrimɪŋ æt ˈjuˈɛs laɪk wi wər terrorists.”*.” ˈdɛltə riˈlist ə ˈsteɪtmənt seɪɪŋ customers”*” hæd bɪn riˈmuvd frəm ə flaɪt ənd ˈleɪtər riˈbʊkt ˈæftər dɪˈstərbəns ɪn ðə ˈkæbən rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn mɔr ðən 20 ˈkəstəmərz ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ðɛr dɪˈskəmfərt kənˈdəktɪŋ ə fʊl ˌrivˈju tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd wət trænˈspaɪərd. wi ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəsli; ɑr ˈkəlʧər rikˈwaɪərz ˈtritɪŋ ˈəðərz wɪθ respect.”*.” ˌmɛtrəˈpɑlətən pəˈlis ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðeɪ wər ˈsəmənd tɪ ˈhiθroʊ ˈɛrˌpɔrt əraʊnd 11 a.m*., tu ˈpæsənʤərz wər riˈmuvd frəm ə pleɪn baɪ kru æt ˈhiθroʊ ˈɛrˌpɔrt. ˈɔfɪsərz əˈtɛndəd ənd ðə ˈpæsənʤərz wər ɛˈskɔrtɪd tɪ ðə ˈtərmənəl wɛr ðeɪ wər əˈsɪstɪd wɪθ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈtrævəl ərˈeɪnʤmənts. ðeɪ wər nɑt ərˈɛstɪd ənd noʊ əˈfɛnsɪz wər disclosed.”*.” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrtər ˈsoʊlˌdæd o’brien*, ˈstɔri meɪ nɑt bi ɪnˈtaɪərli tru: soooo*. aɪ hæv ə gʊd frɛnd ɔn ðɪs flaɪt raɪt naʊ. ˈgɪtɪŋ əˈdɪʃənəl ˈditeɪlz ɔn haʊ ðɪs wɛnt daʊn. ˈstændˈbaɪ ˈsoʊlˌdæd oʊˈbraɪɪn (@soledadobrien*) dɪˈsɛmbər 21 2016 ə lɔt stɪl ənˈklɪr. bət əˈpɛrəntli ˈwʊmən ˈsɪtɪŋ nɪr maɪ frɛnd tɪpt ɔf flaɪt əˈtɛndənts hi wɑz ə ˈjuˌtub stɑr noʊn fər præŋks. ˈsoʊlˌdæd oʊˈbraɪɪn (@soledadobrien*) dɪˈsɛmbər 21 2016 ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpipəl ɔn pleɪn dɪˈspjutɪŋ kɔl tɪ mɑm ˈsoʊlˌdæd oʊˈbraɪɪn (@soledadobrien*) dɪˈsɛmbər 21 2016 ˈmidiˌeɪt ˌriˈpɔrtəd, sɔrs toʊld hər ðət ðə ˈdɛltə flaɪt əˈtɛndənts wər meɪd əˈwɛr ðət ˈsɑlɛh wɑz ə ˈjuˌtub prankster.”*.” ə ˈrisənt ˈvɪdioʊ baɪ ˈsɑlɛh əˈpɪrd tɪ ʃoʊ ɪm ˈtrævəlɪŋ frəm ˈmɛlbərn tɪ ˈsɪdni ˌɪnˈsaɪd ə ˈsutˌkeɪs, bət ðə ˈgɑrdiən ˌriˈpɔrtəd. ˈɛˌrlaɪn ˈleɪtər sɛd ðət ˈsɑlɛh hæd sæt ɪn ə ˈrɛgjələr sit ɔn ðə flaɪt ənd ðət ˈtrævəlɪŋ ˈviə ðə ˈbægɪʤ ˈsɛkʃən wʊd hæv bɪn impossible.”*.” ɛz ðə ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn 2014 ˈædəm ˈsɑlɛh ənd ʃik ˈɑkˌbɑr ədˈmɪtəd ðɛr ˈvaɪrəl ˈvɪdioʊ pərˈpɔrtɪŋ tɪ ʃoʊ ɔn nu strits wɑz steɪʤd. ðeɪ roʊt, ˈvɪdioʊ ɪz ə ˌdræmətəˈzeɪʃən əv ˈpriviəs ɪˈvɛnts ðət əˈkərd wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ɑr trəˈdɪʃən ˈkloʊðɪŋ waɪl ˈfɪlmɪŋ ɪn nyc*. ðɪs ˈvɪdioʊ ɪz nɑt əˈgɛnst ðə ˌɛnˈwaɪˌpiˌdi, ʤɪst ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv wət wi hæv tɪ goʊ θru ˈsəmˌtaɪmz wɪn ˈfɪlmɪŋ ɪn nyc*. ðɪs ɪz tɪ reɪz əˈwɛrnəs fər ˈreɪʃəl profiling.”*.” ðə ˈvɪdioʊ wɑz ˈtaɪtəld ˈproʊˌfaɪlɪŋ experiment.”*.” ɪt ʃoʊd ðə tu mɛn ˈwɛrɪŋ ʤinz ənd ˈtiˌsərts, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ nɪr ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər ɔn ə strit ˈkɔrnər. ˈnəθɪŋ ˈhæpənd, bət ˈleɪtər ðeɪ wɔkt baɪ ɪm ˈwɛrɪŋ skɑrvz ənd trəˈdɪʃənəl lɔŋ ʃərts; ðə ˈɔfɪsər fɔrst ðɛm əˈgɛnst ə wɔl ənd sərʧt ðɛm fər ˈwɛpənz. ðə ərˈɪʤənəl dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ðə ˈvɪdioʊ, ɪn ə kæʃt ˈvərʒən əv ðə peɪʤ, rɛd: wi wər ˈfɪlmɪŋ əˈnəðər ˈvɪdioʊ fər ɑr ˈʧænəl wɪθ ɑr ˈkəlʧərəl ˈkloʊðɪŋ bət wi kɛpt ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈfɑloʊd baɪ pəˈlis. soʊ, wi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ fɪlm ðɪs ˈsoʊʃəl ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ɔn ˈreɪʃəl ˈproʊˌfaɪlɪŋ. tu ˈmɛni ˈɪnəsənt ˈpipəl gɪt stɑpt ənd frɪskt ˈɛvəri deɪ bɪˈkəz əv wət ðeɪ wɛr ər ðɛr skɪn ˈkələr. əˈgɛnst ˈpipəl ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪpɪŋ ˈəðərz bɪˈkəz əv wət ðeɪ wɛr ər wət skɪn ˈkələr ðeɪ ər. hoʊp ju ɔl kən sprɛd ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ənd hɛlp brɪŋ ən ɛnd tɪ ðɪs. ðə ˈvɪdioʊ wɑz baɪ ðə nu jɔrk ˈʧæptər əv ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ɔn riˈleɪʃənz ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən əˈgɛnst ˈməzlɪmz. ˈleɪtər dɪˈmændɪd ən əˈpɑləˌʤi frəm ˈsɑlɛh ənd ˈɑkˌbɑr. bət ɛz ˌriˈpɔrtəd, dɪˈrɛktər əv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, khalique*, toʊld ðət rəˈgɑrdləs əv ɪts ˌɔθənˈtɪsɪti, ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ˈɪləˌstreɪts ðə ˈvɛri ril dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən ðət ˈməzlɪmz ɪn nu jɔrk ˈɔfən feɪs æt ðə hænz əv ðə nypd.”*.”
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a muslim youtube star who made a hoax video in 2014 showing an nypd officer stopping him for stop-and-frisk because he was wearing traditional muslim garb is claiming delta airlines booted him off a flight from london to new york because he was speaking on his phone to his mother in arabic.
we got kicked out of a @delta airplane because i spoke arabic to my mom on the phone and with my friend slim... wtffffffff please spread pic.twitter.com/p5dqce0qos — adam saleh (@omgadamsaleh) december 21, 2016
adam saleh, 23, posted multiple videos to twitter and periscope that showed delta flight attendants escorting him off the plane. saleh claimed passengers “felt uncomfortable” and called flight attendants because he was speaking arabic.
slim albaher, saleh’s friend and fellow youtube personality, was also escorted off the plane. saleh complained, “they kicked us off the plane because a lady, because a lot of people felt uncomfortable. delta air lines just kicked us out for speaking arabic.”
saleh told the guardian, “usually before i take off i speak to my mom. my mom is 66 years old and she only speaks arabic, so i was speaking to her in arabic – it was a 30-second phone call.”
saleh claimed that he continued by speaking to albaher in arabic and english, adding, “this lady that was sitting maybe four seats ahead of us turns around and says: ‘oh my, you need to speak english, i’m feeling very uncomfortable.’” he stated that an older man the woman was traveling with snapped, “chuck them of the f-ing plane!” prompting other men to call the captain. saleh said the woman told the captain: “we feel uncomfortable – something happened in germany. if they don’t leave, i leave."
according to saleh, the captain then asked to speak to him and albaher outside. that was when saleh started shooting videos. one featured him claiming the flight attendants told him and albaher they were “too loud.” he added, “all the racist people in there, they were like: ‘we feel uncomfortable,’ but because there were like 20 of those racist people, the captain came and he kicked us out. i’m not letting this slide … they were screaming at us like we were terrorists.”
delta released a statement saying “two customers” had been removed from a flight and later rebooked after “a disturbance in the cabin resulted in more than 20 customers expressing their discomfort … we’re conducting a full review to understand what transpired. we are taking allegations of discrimination very seriously; our culture requires treating others with respect.”
london’s metropolitan police reported they were summoned to heathrow airport around 11 a.m., “after two passengers were removed from a plane by crew at heathrow airport. officers attended and the passengers were escorted to the terminal where they were assisted with making alternative travel arrangements. they were not arrested and no offenses were disclosed.”
according to reporter soledad o’brien, saleh’s story may not be entirely true:
soooo. i have a good friend on this flight right now. getting additional details on how this went down. standby https://t.co/ibov6rguyu — soledad o'brien (@soledadobrien) december 21, 2016
a lot still unclear. but apparently woman sitting near my friend tipped off flight attendants he was a youtube star known for pranks. — soledad o'brien (@soledadobrien) december 21, 2016
also people on plane disputing call to mom — soledad o'brien (@soledadobrien) december 21, 2016
mediate reported, “o’brien’s source told her that the delta flight attendants were made aware that saleh was a youtube prankster.”
a recent video by saleh appeared to show him traveling from melbourne to sydney inside a suitcase, but the guardian reported. “the airline later said that saleh had sat in a regular seat on the flight and that travelling via the baggage section would have been impossible.”
as the huffington post reported in 2014, adam saleh and sheikh akbar admitted their viral video purporting to show islamophobia on new york’s streets was staged. they wrote, “this video is a dramatization ofious events that occurred with us in our tradition clothing while filming in nyc. this video is not against the nypd, it’s just an example of what we have to go through sometimes when filming in nyc. this is to raise awareness for racial profiling.”
the video was titled “racial profiling experiment.” it showed the two men wearing jeans and t-shirts, arguing near a police officer on a street corner. nothing happened, but later they walked by him wearing keffiyeh scarves and traditional long shirts; the officer forced them against a wall and searched them for weapons.
the original description of the video, in a cached version of the page, read:
we were filming another video for our channel with our cultural clothing but we kept getting followed by police. so, we decided to film this social experiment on racial profiling. too many innocent people get stopped and frisked every day because of what they wear or their skin color. we’re against people stereotyping others because of what they wear or what skin color they are. hope you all can spread the message and help bring an end to this.
the video was tweeted by the new york chapter of the council on american-islamic relations as an example of discrimination against muslims. cair later demanded an apology from saleh and akbar. but as huffpo reported, “cair-new york’s director of operations, sadyia khalique, told huffpost that regardless of its authenticity, the video illustrates the very real discrimination that muslims in new york often face at the hands of the nypd.”
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ˈjumən rɪˈmeɪnz faʊnd ɪn ist ˈɔstən ˈgrinˌbɛlt ˈkɑpiˌraɪt baɪ ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd ˈkɑpiˌraɪt baɪ ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd ˈjumən rɪˈmeɪnz faʊnd nɪr treɪl əˈlɔŋ ˈʤɑni ˈmɔrɪs roʊd ənd leɪn ɪn ist ˈɔstən ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 31 2017 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ) ˈsaɪkəlɪsts faɪnd ˈjumən rɪˈmeɪnz ɪn ˈgrinˌbɛlt ɪn ist ˈɔstən ˈjumən rɪˈmeɪnz faʊnd nɪr treɪl əˈlɔŋ ˈʤɑni ˈmɔrɪs roʊd ənd leɪn ɪn ist ˈɔstən ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 31 2017 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ) nɛkst ˈɔstən) ˈsɛvərəl ˈbaɪˌsɪklɪsts hu wər ˈraɪdɪŋ ðə treɪlz ɪn ist ˈɔstən keɪm əˈkrɔs ˈjumən rɪˈmeɪnz ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ. ˈɔstən pəˈlis seɪ ˈraɪdərz keɪm əˈkrɔs ðə rɪˈmeɪnz əraʊnd a.m*. wɪn ˈɔfɪsərz mɛt ðə ˈraɪdərz ɪn ðə ˈɛriə əv ˈʤɑni ˈmɔrɪs roʊd ənd leɪn, ðeɪ tʊk ðə ˈɔfɪsərz daʊn tɪ ðə treɪlz wɛr ðə rɪˈmeɪnz wər faʊnd. əˈθɔrətiz seɪ ðə ˈjumən rɪˈmeɪnz wər ɔˈrɛdi ɪn ədˈvænst steɪʤ əv ˌdikəmpəˈzɪʃən. ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ɛgˈzæmənərz ˈɔfəs wɪl hæv tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ən ˈɔˌtɑpsi tɪ dɪˈtərmən ðə ˈpərsənz kɔz əv dɛθ ənd tɪ gɪt ə ˈpɑzətɪv aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən. du tɪ ðə ˌdikəmpəˈzɪʃən əv ðə ˈbɑdi, ðɛr ɪz noʊ "əˈpɛrənt ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ɛz tɪ ðə kɔz əv dɛθ ər loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ðə ˈbɑdi," bət pəˈlis seɪ ɪt wɪl bi ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ɛz səˈspɪʃəs ənˈtɪl mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən bɪˈkəmz əˈveɪləbəl. dɪˈtɛktɪvz ər ˈæskɪŋ ˈɛniˌwən wɪθ ˈɛni ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðɪs ˈɪnsədənt tɪ kɔl ðə ˈhɑməˌsaɪd tɪp laɪn æt ər kraɪm ˈstɑpərz æt ər tɛkst "tɪp 103 jʊr ˈmɛsɪʤ tɪ kraɪmz ər juz ðə nu kraɪm ˈstɑpərz æp. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ səbˈmɪt tɪps baɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ˈmoʊbəl æp, ˈɔstən pd*, fər fri ɔn ˈaɪˌfoʊn ənd ˈænˌdrɔɪd.
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human remains found in east austin greenbelt copyright by kxan - all rights reserved copyright by kxan - all rights reserved human remains found near trail along johnny morris road and daffan lane in east austin on july 31, 2017. (kxan photo) cyclists find human remains in greenbelt in east austin human remains found near trail along johnny morris road and daffan lane in east austin on july 31, 2017. (kxan photo) prev next
austin (kxan) -- several bicyclists who were riding the trails in east austin came across human remains on monday.
austin police say riders came across the remains around 7:45 a.m. when officers met the riders in the area of johnny morris road and daffan lane, they took the officers down to the trails where the remains were found.
authorities say the human remains were already in advanced stage of decomposition. the medical examiner's office will have to conduct an autopsy to determine the person's cause of death and to get a positive identification.
due to the decomposition of the body, there is no "apparent explanation as to the cause of death or location of the body," but police say it will be investigated as suspicious until more information becomes available.
detectives are asking anyone with any information regarding this incident to call the homicide tip line at 512-477-3588 or crime stoppers at 512-472-tips or text "tip 103" + your message to crimes or use the new crime stoppers app. you can also submit tips by downloading apd's mobile app, austin pd, for free on iphone and android.
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ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz ˈoʊvər 1 jɪr oʊld ˈreɪdiˌoʊ dɪˈfɛndz pru ˈkɑmɛnts ɛz ‘‘light-hearted’*’ ənd ‘‘non-literal’*’ ˈæftər ʃi sɪz wɑz raɪt nɑt tɪ fil seɪf ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə aɪd bi ˈtɛmptɪd tɪ rən ˈoʊvər, ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər sɪz ə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər ɔn ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈsteɪʃən həz ʤoʊkt əˈbaʊt ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ over”*”, ˈæftər ðə ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr dɪˈteɪld dɛθ θrɛts ənd reɪp θrɛts ʃi hæd rɪˈsivd waɪl ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə. ˈfɔrmər ˈʤərnəlɪst pru meɪd ðə ˈkɑmɛnts ɔn krɪs smɪθ ʃoʊ ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ɔn ə ˌsɛgˈmɛnt kɔld deplorables”–*”– ə ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ðə ˈnɪkˌneɪm əˈdɑptəd baɪ səˈpɔrtərz əv ˈdɑnəld trəmp. lɛft ɔˈstreɪljə fər ˈləndən læst wik, ˈraɪtɪŋ ðət ʃi hæd bɪˈkəm moʊst ˈheɪtɪd muslim”*” ənd rɪˈsivd ˈdeɪli dɛθ θrɛts ənd ˈvɪdioʊz əv bɪˈhɛdɪŋz ənd reɪps ˈæftər ə poʊst meɪd ɔn deɪ wɑz sizd ɔn baɪ kənˈsərvətɪv ˈmidiə. toʊld smɪθ fɪrz maɪt bi well-founded*. wət ər ðeɪ soʊ əˈfreɪd əv? ʤɪst ə jəŋ braʊn ˈməzlɪm ˈwʊmən ˈspikɪŋ maɪ maɪnd rɛd mɔr həz flɛd ðə ˈkəntri ənd ɪz ˈbleɪmɪŋ ɔl əv us,”*,” sɛd. sɪz bɪn bɪˈtreɪd baɪ ɔˈstreɪljə ənd fil seɪf ɪn hər oʊn ˈkəntri. wɛl ˈæˌkʧuəli ʃi maɪt hæv bɪn raɪt ðɛr, bɪˈkəz ɪf aɪ hæd sin hər aɪ wʊd hæv bɪn ˈtɛmptɪd tɪ rən hər ˈoʊvər mate.”*.” smɪθ rɪˈspɑndɪd baɪ ˈlæfɪŋ ˈhɑrtəli ənd əˈgriɪŋ ðət, hu əˈpɑləˌʤaɪzd fər hər deɪ ˈkɑmɛnts, wɑz ˈrɪli sorry”*”. rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ˈkrɪtɪks ɔn tˈwɪtər, dɪˈfɛndɪd hər ˈkɑmɛnts ɛz ˈhjumər ənd fri spiʧ ənd əˈtækɪŋ ˈkrɪtɪks ɛz ““festering*, tˈwɪtər ferals”*”. pru (@macsween_prue*) tɪ ɔl ju ˈfɛstərɪŋ, tˈwɪtər ferals*. goʊ tɛl ˈsəmˌwən hu kɛrz. læst taɪm aɪ lʊkt ðɪs wɑz ə ˈkəntri əv fri spiʧ. gɪt ə laɪf ʃi ˈleɪtər toʊld ðət sæd ˈpipəl hæv naʊ lɔst ðɛr sɛns əv ˈhjumər, wi juzd tɪ ˈsɛləˌbreɪt ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri, ˈsɛləˌbreɪt fri spiʧ ənd ˈsædli gone”*”. bət ˈkrɪtɪks dɪˈnaʊnst ˈkɑmɛnts ɛz ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkəl ənd ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ˈvaɪələns əˈgɛnst. wət ɪgˈzæktli ɪz jʊr ˈprɑbləm wɪθ yassmin?”*?” æst ˈeɪˌbiˌsi ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈnæʃənəl ˈprɛzəntər mɑrk ˈbɛvən. ɪt ʤɪst hər ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪŋ fri spiʧ too?”*?” (@rabiehgharibeh*) ju ər ə dɪsˈgreɪs tɪ ðɪs greɪt ˈneɪʃən pru. ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts swərv ðɛr kɑz tɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli hərt ˈpipəl. ʃeɪm!! ˈʤoʊʃi ju ɪkˈsprɛst ə wɪʃ tɪ ˈmərdər ˈsəmˌwən ɔn ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ənd ˈnəθɪŋz goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən. jʊr fri spiʧ ˈɪzənt θˈrɛtənd. smɪθ ˈbrɔdˌkæst ən əˈpɑləˌʤi ɔn hɪz ʃoʊ ˈæftər ˈlɪsənərz kəmˈpleɪnd əˈbaʊt ðə ˌsɛgˈmɛnt. læft ˈoʊvər ðə tɔp əv ɪt æt ðə taɪm soʊ aɪ hir ɪgˈzæktli wət ʃi said,”*,” hi sɛd. tɪ seɪ ɪt wɑz mɛnt ɪn ə ˈfæʃən ənd ˈhɑrdli ˈɛvər goʊɪŋ tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈpipəl tɪ rən ˈsəmˌwən ˈoʊvər ɪf ˈəpˌsɛt ˈpipəl wi əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz. nɑt wət aɪ wʊd ˌɪnˈtɛnd fər hər [abdel-magied].”*].” ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˌsɛgˈmɛnt, ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz ə ““flea”*” hu wɑz boʊθ ənd dangerous”*”. ˈivɪn gɪv ðɪs fli ə ˈsɛkənd θɔt ˌɛniˈmɔr sɪns ʃi əˈweɪ frəm ðɪs ˈkəntri ɪn dɪsˈgreɪs kwaɪt ˌɪˈrɛləvənt bət ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈæˌkʧuəli wən əv ðə moʊst ˈtɑlərənt [ˈkəntriz], soʊ glæd ʃi heɪts us.”*.”, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈreɪdiˌoʊ hoʊst ənd kənˈtɛstənt ɔn səˈlɛbrɪti əˈprɛntɪs ɔˈstreɪljə, həz bɪn ə ˈrɛgjələr gɛst ɔn ““deplorables”*” ˌsɛgˈmɛnt, əˈpɪrɪŋ sɪns ˈfɛbruˌɛri. θri əv læst faɪv ˌsɛgˈmɛnts hæv ˈfiʧərd ðə seɪm gɛst: skaɪ nuz ˈprɛzəntər roʊən din, hu ɔn ˈsənˌdi toʊld reɪs dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən kəˈmɪʃənər tɪm tɪ bæk tɪ laos”*”. ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ sɛd ðɛr wɑz pleɪs fər ðɪs ˈtɑksɪk hate”*” ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə ˈkɑmɛnts. nɑt ‘‘larrikinism’*’ wɪn ju ˈrɛvəl ɪn ˈvaɪələnt ˈfænəsiz ər kəmˈpɛr ˈpipəl tɪ vermin,”*,” sɛd ɔn tˈwɪtər. ˌɪˈnɪʃəli əˈtræktəd ðə ˈæŋgər əv nuz ˈkɔrpərˈeɪʃən ənd kənˈsərvətɪv ˈkɑmənˌteɪtərz ˈæftər ʃi ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn deɪ: ““lest*. wi. fərˈgɛt. (ˈmeɪnɪs, nauru*, ˈsɪriə, palestine…).”*…).” dɪˈspaɪt əˈpɑləˌʤaɪzɪŋ, ʃi sɛd ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd tˈwɪstɪd words”*” hæd bɪn ˈrɪtən əˈbaʊt hər ɪn ðə θri mənθs sɪns ˈeɪprəl. ðə prəˈdusər əv ðə krɪs smɪθ ʃoʊ ənd hæv bɪn ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd fər ˈkɑmɛnt. ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ərˈɪstəˌkræt ˈfɪlɪps wɑz kənˈvɪktəd ɪn ə ˈləndən kɔrt ˈæftər hi ˈɔfərd ˈməni fər ˈsəmˌwən tɪ rən ˈoʊvər kæmˈpeɪnər ˈʤinə ˈmɪlər. ˈfɪlɪps ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk: fər ðə fərst ˈpərsən tɪ ‘‘accidentally’*’ rən ˈoʊvər ðɪs ˈblədi ˈtrəbəlsəm fərst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən immigrant.”*.”
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radio 2gb defends prue macsween’s comments as ‘light-hearted’ and ‘non-literal’ after she says abdel-magied was right not to feel safe in australia
i'd be tempted to run over yassmin abdel-magied, commentator says
a conservative commentator on sydney’s 2gb radio station has joked about wanting to “run over” yassmin abdel-magied, after the sudanese-australian engineer detailed death threats and rape threats she had received while in australia.
former journalist prue macsween made the comments on 2gb’s chris smith show on wednesday, on a segment called “smithy’s deplorables”– a reference to the nickname adopted by supporters of donald trump.
abdel-magied left australia for london last week, writing that she had become “australia’s most hated muslim” and received daily death threats and videos of beheadings and rapes after a post made on anzac day was seized on by conservative media.
macsween told smith abdel-magied’s fears might be well-founded.
what are they so afraid of? i’m just a young brown muslim woman speaking my mind | yassmin abdel-magied read more
“she has fled the country and is blaming all of us,” macsween said. “she says she’s been betrayed by australia and didn’t feel safe in her own country. well actually she might have been right there, because if i had seen her i would have been tempted to run her over mate.”
smith responded by laughing heartily and agreeing that abdel-magied, who apologised for her anzac day comments, was “not really sorry”.
responding to critics on twitter, macsween defended her comments as humour and free speech and attacking critics as “festering, humourless twitter ferals”.
prue macsween (@macsween_prue) to all you festering, humourless twitter ferals. go tell someone who cares. last time i looked this was a country of free speech. get a life
she later told news.com.au that “it’s sad people have now lost their sense of humour, we used to celebrate larrikinism in this country, celebrate free speech and sadly that’s gone”.
but critics denounced macsween’s comments as hypocritical and encouraging violence against abdel-magied.
“so what exactly is your problem with yassmin?” asked abc radio national presenter mark bevan. “isn’t it just her exercising free speech too?”
rabieh gharibeh (@rabiehgharibeh) you are a disgrace to this great nation prue. terrorists swerve their cars to intentionally hurt people. shame!!
ketan joshi (@ketanj0) you expressed a wish to murder someone on the radio and nothing's going to happen. your free speech isn't threatened.
smith broadcast an apology on his show after listeners complained about the segment.
“i laughed over the top of it at the time so i didn’t hear exactly what she said,” he said. “suffice to say it was meant in a light-hearted non-literal fashion and we’re hardly ever going to encourage people to run someone over … if it’s upset people we apologise. that’s not what i would intend for her [abdel-magied].”
in the original segment, macsween also referred to abdel-magied as a “flea” who was both “irrelevant and dangerous”.
“we don’t even give this flea a second thought anymore since she slinked away from this country in disgrace … she’s quite irrelevant but she’s dangerous … we’re actually one of the most tolerant [countries], so i’m glad she hates us.”
macsween, a former radio host and contestant on celebrity apprentice australia, has been a regular guest on smith’s “deplorables” segment, appearing since february.
three of smith’s last five segments have featured the same guest: sky news presenter rowan dean, who on sunday told race discrimination commissioner tim soutphommasane to “go back to laos”.
on thursday soutphommasane said there was “no place for this toxic hate” in response to the macsween comments.
“it’s not ‘larrikinism’ when you revel in violent fantasies or compare people to vermin,” soutphommasane said on twitter.
abdel-magied initially attracted the anger of news corp and conservative commentators after she posted on anzac day: “lest. we. forget. (manus, nauru, syria, palestine…).”
despite apologising, she said an estimated “90,000 twisted words” had been written about her in the three months since april.
the producer of the chris smith show and 2gb have been contacted for comment.
on tuesday, a british aristocrat rhodri philipps was convicted in a london court after he offered money for someone to run over anti-brexit campaigner gina miller.
philipps posted on facebook: “£5,000 for the first person to ‘accidentally’ run over this bloody troublesome first generation immigrant.”
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ˈpoʊstɪd mɑn 21 2014 æm flæʃ! ənˈliʃ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɪn jʊr intellivision™*™ flæʃ! ðə paʊər əv jʊr intellivision™*™ ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm ˈsɪstəm. ɪt ˈpleɪsɪz jʊr ɪnˈtaɪər geɪm ˈkætəlɔg æt jʊr ˈfɪŋgərˌtɪps ɪn ə ˈsɪŋgəl, ˈpaʊərfəl ˈkɑrtrɪʤ. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈoʊpənz ðə dɔr tɪ ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz fər nu geɪmz tɪ kəm. ˈizi tɪ juz flæʃ! kəˈnɛkts tɪ jʊr ˈwɪndoʊz ər ˈmækənˌtɔʃ kəmˈpjutər ˈviə ə haɪ spid lɪŋk. ən ˌɪnˈtuətɪv ˈgræfɪkəl ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪz jʊr geɪm ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˌhaʊˈɛvər ju laɪk. ˈsɪmpli dræg ənd drɔp geɪmz ˈɪntu ˈfoʊldərz, sɪŋk ɪt əp, ənd vˌwɑˈlɑ! jʊr ˈrɛdi tɪ goʊ! hæv ə lɑrʤ geɪm kəˈlɛkʃən? noʊ ˈprɑbləm! grup geɪmz ˈɪntu ɛz ˈmɛni ˈfoʊldərz ɛz ju laɪk, ɪn ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈɔrdər ju laɪk. wɔnt tɪ ˈhaɪˌlaɪt jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪts? ˈkələr koʊd jʊr geɪmz tɪ meɪk ðɛm ˈizi tɪ spɑt. lɔŋ geɪm ˈtaɪtəlz gɑt ju daʊn? flæʃ! kips træk əv ðə geɪmz fʊl neɪm ɛz wɛl ɛz ə ˈʃɔrtər nɪk neɪm tɪ kip ðə ˈklətər daʊn. wɔnt tɪ kip jʊr geɪmz' ˈmænjuəlz æt jʊr ˈfɪŋgər tɪps? ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðɛm əˈlɔŋ saɪd jʊr geɪmz ənd jul hæv ðɛm ˈhændi wɛˈrɛvər ju goʊ. gɑt ə geɪm jʊr ʤɪst ˈɪʧɪŋ tɪ traɪ? ər ˈmeɪbi jʊr ˈraɪtɪŋ ə nu geɪm ənd ju ʤɪst wɔnt tɪ tɛst ɪt? ˈdaʊnˌloʊd pleɪ lɛts ju traɪ ɪt aʊt wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl klɪk, wɪˈθaʊt ˈivɪn flæʃ! frəm jʊr intellivision™*™ ˈsɪstəm. sɛt ɪt ənd fərˈgɛt ɪt! səm geɪmz ˈɑrənt kəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ ˈɛvəri ˈsɪstəm ər pərˈɪfərəl. flæʃ! woʊnt lɛt ðət gɪt ɪn jʊr weɪ. ɪt dɪˈtɛkts ənd wərks əraʊnd ˈkɑmən incompatibilities*, tɪ lɛt pleɪ ɔn ðə ənd ðət ˈkʊdənt ˌbiˈfɔr. flæʃ! kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈbaɪˌpæs ðə ˈtaɪtəl skrin fər geɪmz ðət doʊnt nid ɪt. naʊ ju doʊnt nid tɪ ənˈpləg ər ˈfɪdəl wɪθ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ pleɪ jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈpɑrti geɪm. ʤɪst pɔɪnt, klɪk ənd pleɪ, ɔl ɪn ə flæʃ! paʊər fər ðə fˈjuʧər flæʃ! prəˈvaɪdz wən ˈmɛgəˌbaɪt əv ræm ənd ə haɪ spid ˈsɪˌriəl lɪŋk fər nu geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt. nu geɪmz kən kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt wɪθ jʊr kəmˈpjutər ˈviə, ˈoʊpənɪŋ nu ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz fər ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt. geɪmz kən ˈɔlsoʊ seɪv haɪ skɔrz ənd ˈəðər geɪm steɪt ɪn ɪts ˈʤɛnərəs flæʃ flæʃ! səˈpɔrts ɔl, kɑrt 3 ənd beɪst geɪmz. ˌspɛsəfəˈkeɪʃənz ræm, ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ɛz ɛks 16 bɪts. ˈfʊli əˈveɪləbəl tɪ nu geɪmz ˈviə bæŋk sˈwɪʧɪŋ. ɔn bɔrd flæʃ. noʊ nid tɪ ˈoʊpən ðə ˈkɑrtrɪʤ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ən kɑrd. haɪ spid ˈsɪˌriəl kəˈnɛkʃən. səˈpɔrts spidz əp tɪ 1mbit/sec*. ˈsɪˌriəl pɔrt əˈveɪləbəl tɪ nu geɪm ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ˌɪnˈtuətɪv ˈwɪndoʊz ənd ˈmækənˌtɔʃ ˈgræfɪks ˈjuzər ˈɪnərˌfeɪs. fild upgradable*. wɪn nu ˈfiʧərz bɪˈkəm əˈveɪləbəl, ən ˈəpˈgreɪd ɪz ə klɪk əˈweɪ. flæʃ səˈpɔrt. geɪmz kən seɪv əp tɪ baɪts əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn ðə flæʃ. ˌækˌsɛlərˈeɪʃən səˈpɔrt. gɪvz nu geɪm ˈraɪtərz ən ɛʤ. kəmˌpætəˈbɪləˌti kəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ ɔl rɑmz frəm lɪvz! ənd rɑks!, ɔl rɑm ˈɪmɪʤɪz, ənd dɪˈvɛləpt wɪθ kəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ ɔl kəmˈpætəbəl ˈsɪstəmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ, sɪrz ˈsupər ˈvɪdioʊ ɑrˈkeɪd, wən, ˈsɪstəm iii*, ənd ˈsɪstəm. kəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ ðə ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt kəmˈpjutər ˈsɪstəm (ecs*) ənd intellivoice*. praɪs: 119 ˈjuˈɛs pləs ˈʃɪpɪŋ ənd ˈhændəlɪŋ əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti: ðə ˈprɑdəkt wɪl ˈdeɪbju æt ˈklæsɪk ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈɛkspoʊ ənd ʃʊd bi əˈveɪləbəl æt ðə seɪm taɪm ˈviə meɪl ˈɔrdər frəm ðə lɛft tərn ˈoʊnli ˈɔrdər peɪʤ hir: http://www.leftturnonly.info*/ ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈlɪmət tɪ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkɑpiz ju meɪ ˈpərʧəs!
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posted mon jul 21, 2014 10:18 am
lto flash! unleash the intelligence in your intellivision™
lto flash! unlocks the power of your intellivision™ video game system. it places your entire game catalog at your fingertips in a single, powerful cartridge. it also opens the door to exciting possibilities for new games to come.
easy to use
lto flash! connects to your windows or macintosh computer via a high speed usb 2.0 link. an intuitive graphical interface organizes your game library however you like. simply drag and drop games into folders, sync it up, and voila! you're ready to go!
have a large game collection? no problem! group games into as many folders as you like, in whatever order you like. want to highlight your favorites? color code your games to make them easy to spot. long game titles got you down? lto flash! keeps track of the game's full name as well as a shorter nick name to keep the clutter down. want to keep your games' manuals at your finger tips? download them along side your games and you'll have them handy wherever you go.
got a game you're just itching to try? or maybe you're writing a new game and you just want to test it? download & play lets you try it out with a single click, without even unplugging lto flash! from your intellivision™ system.
set it and forget it!
some games aren't compatible with every system or peripheral. lto flash! won't let that get in your way. it detects and works around common incompatibilities, to let play on the intellivision ii and ecs that couldn't before.
lto flash! can also bypass the ecs title screen for games that don't need it. now you don't need to unplug or fiddle with anything to play your favorite 3rd party game. just point, click and play, all in a flash!
power for the future
lto flash! provides one megabyte of ram and a high speed usb serial link for new game development. new games can communicate with your computer via usb, opening new possibilities for online entertainment. games can also save high scores and other game state in its generous on-board 32mb flash . lto flash! supports all intellicart, cuttle cart 3 and jlp based games.
specifications
1mb ram, organized as 512k x 16 bits. fully available to new games via bank switching.
32mb on board flash. no need to open the cartridge to change an sd card.
high speed usb 2.0 serial connection. supports speeds up to 1mbit/sec. serial port available to new game software.
intuitive windows and macintosh graphics user interface.
field upgradable. when new features become available, an upgrade is a click away.
jlp flash support. games can save up to 192k bytes of information in the on-board flash.
jlp acceleration support. gives new game writers an edge.
compatibility
compatible with all roms from intellivision lives! and intellivision rocks!, all intellicart / cc3 rom images, and homebrews developed with sdk-1600. compatible with all intellivision compatible systems, including intellivision ii, sears super video arcade, tandyvision one, intv system iii, and intellivision superpro system. compatible with the intellivision entertainment computer system (ecs) and intellivoice.
price: $119 us plus shipping and handling
availability: the product will debut at classic gaming expo and should be available at the same time via mail order from the left turn only order page here:
http://www.leftturnonly.info/
there is no limit to the number of copies you may purchase!
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kəˈləmbəs, oʊˈhaɪoʊ (ˌeɪˈpi) oʊˈhaɪoʊ ˈdɛməˌkræt tɛd ˈstrɪklənd sɪz hɪz rən fər ðə juz. ˈsɛnɪt sit hɛld baɪ rɪˈpəblɪkən rɑb ˈpɔrtmən wɪl ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ɪkˈspændɪŋ ʤɑb ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˈævərɪʤ ˈpipəl. ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈgəvərnər əˈnaʊnst ðə rən, ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd, ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. hɪz ˈɛntri ædz ə ˌfɔrˈmɪdəbəl ˈsteɪtˌwaɪd neɪm tɪ wət ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi wən əv ðə moʊst wɔʧt ənd ɪkˈspɛnsɪv əv nɛkst ˈsɛnɪt ˈreɪsɪz. ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt, ˈstrɪklənd sɛd hi wɔnts tɪ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən dream”*” baɪ goʊɪŋ bæk tɪ ˈbeɪsɪks, səʧ ɛz kriˈeɪtɪŋ ʤɑbz, ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ ɪn ˈloʊkəl ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ˈprɑʤɛkts ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈkɑlɪʤ ækˈsɛsəbəl ənd əˈfɔrdəbəl. ˈpɔrtmən sɛd ˈvoʊtɪŋ fər ˈstrɪklənd, hum rɪˈpəblɪkənz hæv ˈwaɪdli əˈtækt fər prɪˈzaɪdɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈhɛvi ʤɑb ˈlɔsɪz, wʊd bi ə stɛp ˈbækwərd. ˈstrɪklənd wʊd feɪs ˌsɪnsəˈnæti ˈkaʊnsəlmən p.g*. ɪn ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpraɪˌmɛri. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2015 ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs. ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd. ðɪs məˈtɪriəl meɪ nɑt bi ˈpəblɪʃt, ˈbrɔdˌkæst, riˈrɪtən ər ˌridɪˈstrɪbjətɪd.
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columbus, ohio (ap) ohio democrat ted strickland says his run for the u.s. senate seat held by republican rob portman will focus on expanding job and educational opportunities for average people.
the former governor announced the run, as expected, on wednesday. his entry adds a formidable statewide name to what is expected to be one of the most watched and expensive of next year’s senate races.
in a statement, strickland said he wants to “save the american dream” by going back to basics, such as creating living-wage jobs, investing in job-creating local infrastructure projects and making college accessible and affordable.
portman said voting for strickland, whom republicans have widely attacked for presiding over heavy job losses, would be a step backward.
strickland would face 30-year-old cincinnati councilman p.g. sittenfeld in a democratic primary.
copyright 2015 the associated press. all rights reserved. this material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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1 ʃi ˌɪnˈstɔld tones”*” ɪn ɑr ˈbɑθˌrumz. wɛˈnɛvər wi fləʃ ɑr ˈtɔɪləts, wi hir it”*” baɪ ˈʤeɪmi fɑks ˈfiʧərɪŋ ər ənd gone”*” baɪ t.i*. ənd ˈʤəstɪn ˈtɪmbərˌleɪk. 2 wi boʊθ ləv ˈraɪtɪŋ sɔŋ ˈpɛrədiz ɪn bɪtˈwin teɪks. hir ɪz ə teɪst əv wən əv ɑr ˈrisənt ʤæmz, sɛt tɪ ladies”*”: ðə ˈhəŋgri ladies!…*!… ɪf ju laɪk ɪt ðɛn ju pʊt səm ʧiz ɔn it!”*!” ɑr ˈdeɪbju ˈælbəm, stɑp eatin’*’, drɑps ðɪs fɔl. 3 wɪn wi ər ɔn loʊˈkeɪʃən æt pɑrks, ʃi teɪks mi geɪm ˈhəntɪŋ. ˈɔlsoʊ, ˈeɪmi ɪz noʊn tɪ faɪər əp hər grɪl ɔn əˈkeɪʒən ənd kʊk əp wən əv hər ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk sliders.”*.” 4 ˈɔlˌweɪz əp fər ə gʊd ˌoʊldˈfæʃənd ˈpʊˌʃəp ˈkɑntɛst. læst wik ʤɑn keɪm tɪ ˈvɪzɪt ˈjuˈɛs ɔn sɛt, ənd nɑt ˈgɑnə laɪ ˈeɪmi dɪd 20 mɔr ˈpʊˌʃəps ðən ðət ful. 5 ʃi noʊz ðə ˈlɪrɪks tɪ ˈɛvəri boʊn sɔŋ. wɛˈnɛvər wi gɪt bɔrd ɔn sɛt, ˈeɪmi wɪl bust ɑr ˈspɪrɪts baɪ pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ə rɛnˈdɪʃən əv wən əv hər ˈfeɪvərɪt ʤæmz. səm seɪ hər teɪk ɔn ˈbɪzi vərs ɔn ““mo’*’ murda”*” ɪz ˈfæstər ðən ðə ərˈɪʤənəl.
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1. she installed “flush tones” in our bathrooms. whenever we flush our toilets, we hear “blame it” by jamie foxx featuring t-pain or “dead and gone” by t.i. and justin timberlake.
2. we both love writing food-centric song parodies in between takes. here is a taste of one of our recent jams, set to beyoncé’s “single ladies”: “all the hungry ladies!… if you like it then you shoulda put some cheese on it!” our debut album, stop eatin’, drops this fall.
3. when we are on location at parks, she takes me game hunting. also, amy is known to fire up her grill on occasion and cook up one of her trademark “squirrel sliders.”
4. she’s always up for a good old-fashioned push-up contest. last week john cena came to visit us on set, and — not gonna lie — amy did 20 more push-ups than that fool.
5. she knows the lyrics to every bone thugs-n-harmony song. whenever we get bored on set, amy will boost our spirits by performing a rendition of one of her favorite jams. some say her take on bizzy bone’s verse on “mo’ murda” is faster than the original.
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ðə ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈeɪʤənsi wɔrnd ˈsinjər waɪt haʊs əˈfɪʃəlz ɪn ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˈbrifɪŋz ðət ˌɪmˈprɑpər juz əv ˈpərsɪnəl ˈsɛlˌfoʊnz ənd iˈmeɪl kʊd meɪk ðɛm ˈvəlnərəbəl tɪ ˈɛspiənɑʤ baɪ ˈrəʃə, ˈʧaɪnə, ˌɪˈrɑn ənd ˈəðər ˈædvərˌsɛriz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ əˈfɪʃəlz fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ðə ˈbrifɪŋz. ðə ˈbrifɪŋz keɪm sun ˈæftər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp wɑz swɔrn ˈɪntu ˈɔfəs ɔn ʤæn. 20 ənd ˌbiˈfɔr səm tɔp eɪdz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsinjər ædˈvaɪzər ˈʤɛrɪd ˈkəʃnər, juzd ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl iˈmeɪl ənd foʊnz tɪ ˈkɑndəkt əˈfɪʃəl waɪt haʊs ˈbɪznɪs, ɛz dɪˈskloʊzd baɪ pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ ðɪs wik. ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjud bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈbrifərz ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət kʊd bi ˈjuzɪŋ səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˈmælˌwɛr tɪ tərn ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈsɛlˌfoʊnz əv waɪt haʊs eɪdz ˈɪntu klænˈdɛstɪn ˈlɪsənɪŋ dɪˈvaɪsɪz, tɪ teɪk ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ənd ˈvɪdioʊ wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈnɑlɪʤ ənd tɪ ˈtrænsfər væst əˈmaʊnts əv ˈdætə ˈviə ˈwaɪˌfaɪ ˈnɛtˌwərks ənd ˈbluˌtuθ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wən ˈfɔrmər ˈsinjər juz. ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əˈfɪʃəl fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ðə ˈbrifɪŋz. ðə ˈbrifɪŋz wər hɛld ɪn ðə waɪt haʊs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən rum bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti əv ðə ˈtɑpɪks dɪˈskəst, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðət əˈfɪʃəl ənd θri ˈəðər ˈfɔrmər əˈfɪʃəlz fəˈmɪljər wɪθ səʧ ˈbrifɪŋz, wɪʧ hæv bɪn ˈgɪvɪn tɪ iʧ ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ˈpleɪbʊk piɛm saɪn əp fər ɑr ˈnuzˌlɛtər ɔn wəts ˈdraɪvɪŋ ðə ˌæftərˈnun ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. iˈmeɪl saɪn əp baɪ ˈsaɪnɪŋ əp ju əˈgri tɪ rɪˈsiv iˈmeɪl ˈnuzˌlɛtərz ər əˈlərts frəm pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ. ju kən ənsəbˈskraɪb æt ˈɛni taɪm. ðə əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd waɪt haʊs eɪdz ˈɔlsoʊ wər toʊld ðeɪ ʃʊd əˈsum ðət ˈfɔrən hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈpɛnəˌtreɪtɪd ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl iˈmeɪl ˈsɪstəmz tɪ səm dɪˈgri ənd juzd ðət ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈvækjum əp ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ nɑt ʤɪst ɔn ðɛr oʊn kəmˈpjutərz ənd foʊnz bət ðoʊz əv ðɛr ˈkɑnˌtækts. ðə ˈbrifərz toʊld ðə trəmp eɪdz ðət ˈjuzɪŋ ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz fər wərk, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈpæsɪŋ faɪlz ənd iˈmeɪlz frəm wən ˈsɪstəm tɪ ðə ˈəðər, kʊd gɪv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðɛr wərk kəmˈpjutərz ənd iˈmeɪl, tu, ðə əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd. ɪf ˈkəʃnər dɪd nɑt əˈdhɪr tɪ ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti priˈkɔʃənz, ɪt kʊd lɛd tɪ ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt sɪˈkjʊrəti briʧ, ðə əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd, ˈgɪvɪn hɪz ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp ənd juˈnik pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ əv riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz. ˈkəʃnər, hu ɪz ˈsənɪnˌlɔ, ɪz ðə pɔɪnt mæn ɔn ˈʧaɪnə, ˈsɪriə, ˈmɪdəl ist pis, ənd æfˈgænəˌstæn, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən, ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ənd ˈəðər ˈɪʃuz. ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli wən əv ðə tɔp faɪv ər 10 ˈtɑrgəts ɪn ðə juz. ˈgəvərnmənt bɪˈkəz əv hɪz ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd bɪˈkəz əv ðə pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊz bɪn given,”*,” sɛd ˈrɪʧərd klɑrk, ə ˈfɔrmər tɔp ædˈvaɪzər tɪ θri ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts. ə ˈprɪti seɪf bɛt ðət hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz hæv bɪn ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd baɪ ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈsərvɪsɪz. ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðɛr ɪz səm rɪsk ðət ˈmitɪŋz hi əˈtɛndz ər ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd too.”*.” waɪt haʊs ˈspoʊkˌspipəl dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn wɪʧ əˈfɪʃəlz rɪˈsivd ðə ˈbrifɪŋz, bət ðə ˈfɔrmər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əˈfɪʃəl sɛd ðət ˈfɔrmər ʧif əv stæf ənd ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˈvaɪzər ˈtɑməs ˈbɑsərt wər əˈməŋ ðoʊz hu əˈtɛndəd. ˈkəʃnər ənd ˈəðərz əv hɪz ræŋk wər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ əˈtɛnd, əˈspɛʃəli ˈgɪvɪn ðə haɪ pəˈtɛnʃəl fər ɛz wən ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən rɪˈpleɪsɪz əˈnəðər, ðə əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd. ə waɪt haʊs əˈfɪʃəl toʊld pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ ðət wɛst wɪŋ ˈstæfərz ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˈfɑloʊ sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈproʊtəˌkɔlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈlivɪŋ ðɛr ˈsɛlˌfoʊnz ɪn sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈlɑkərz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈɔfəsɪz wɛr ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz dɪˈskəst. waɪt haʊs prɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈsɛrə ˈhəkəbi ˈsændərz sɛd ˈərliər ɪn ðə wik ðət eɪdz wər ˈfrikwɛntli wɔrnd əˈbaʊt ˈjuzɪŋ ˈpraɪvət iˈmeɪl əˈkaʊnts, ənd ðət maɪ ˈnɑlɪʤ, ˈvɛri limited.”*.” pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈsənˌdi ðət ˈkəʃnər ənd hɪz waɪf, ˈdɔtər, kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˈpraɪvət ˈfæməli doʊˈmeɪn ˌbiˈfɔr trəmp tʊk ˈɔfəs. ˈkəʃnər juzd ɪt tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt wɪθ tɔp waɪt haʊs əˈfɪʃəlz ɪn ˈərli 2017 əˈtərni sɛd ðə ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ˈtoʊtəld fjuər ðən 100 frəm ˈʤænjuˌɛri θru ˈɔgəst. ə deɪ ˈleɪtər, pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət æt list faɪv trəmp eɪdz juzd ˈpərsɪnəl iˈmeɪl fər ˈpəblɪk ˈbɪznɪs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ trəmp ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ædˈvaɪzər ˈgɛri koʊn, ənd ðət traɪd ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəli tɪ stɑp waɪt haʊs aides’*’ ˈræmpənt juz əv ˈsɛlˌfoʊnz fər əˈfɪʃəl ˈbɪznɪs. ðə dɪˈskloʊʒərz ˈprɑmptɪd ʃɑrp ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ənd ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz frəm ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈkɑŋgrəs. məʧ əv ðɛr kənˈsərn rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ prɪˈzərvɪŋ ˈrɛkərdz, bət ˈnumərəs ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ðə fɑr ˈgreɪtər rɪsk ɪz ðə θɛft əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən baɪ ˈfɔrən ˈædvərˌsɛriz. ˈhæpənz wɪθ ˈɛvəri ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ðət kəmz in,”*,” sɛd ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈsinjər juz. ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əˈfɪʃəl, hu lɛft ˈgəvərnmənt ˈoʊnli ˈrisəntli. noʊ frəm ðɪs wərld ənd ðeɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪtiz ðət ðə ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk dɪˈvaɪsɪz ðeɪ ˈkɛri əraʊnd ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz them.”*.” ˈhækɪŋ wɑz ˈræmpənt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 2016 ɪˈlɛkʃən, əˈspɛʃəli frəm ˈrəʃə, ɛz ˈkɑrənt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz hæv ʃoʊn. ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ɪn 2008 ənd ˈivɪn mɔr soʊ ɪn 2012 wɪθ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əˈfɪʃəlz kənˈfərmɪŋ ðət boʊθ ˈkænədɪts, ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd mɪt ˈrɑmni, wər ˈtɑrgəts əv cyberattacks*. juz. ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əˈfɪʃəlz wər soʊ kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ˈhækɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 2016 ɪˈlɛkʃən ðət ðeɪ dɪˈklæsəˌfaɪd məˈtɪriəl frəm ðə ˈbrifɪŋz ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈstæfərz rɪˈsivd ɪn 2009 ɛz ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ tɪ ˈəðərz. ðə dɪˈklæsəˌfaɪd məˈtɪriəl wɑz pɑrt əv ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əˈfɪʃəlz ðət ðɛr ʤɑbz meɪd ðɛm preɪ fər ˈfɔrən spaɪz fər ə vərˈaɪəti əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd ˈəðər ˈrizənz. æst ˈwɛðər ˈɛni trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əˈfɪʃəlz, ər ðɛr ˈprɛdəˌsɛsərz ɪn ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, hæd ðɛr ˈsɪstəmz hækt, ðə ˈfɔrmər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əˈfɪʃəl sɛd: ðət aɪ kən tɔk əˈbaʊt. ju ʃʊd ʤɪst əˈsum wi meɪk ðɪs bɪg ə dil əˈbaʊt ɪt ənˈlɛs ɪt wɑz ə ˈsɪriəs threat.”*.” ðə ˈbrifɪŋz fər waɪt haʊs eɪdz ər əˈspɛʃəli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, ðə ˈfɔrmər əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd, bɪˈkəz əv ɔl ðə weɪz ɪn wɪʧ foʊnz ənd iˈmeɪl kən bi ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd. əˈfɪʃəlz ər toʊld nɑt tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈɛni əv ðɛr foʊnz ər ˈlæpˌtɑps aʊt əv ðɛr saɪt fər fɪr ðeɪ wɪl bi ““ghosted,”*,” ər ˈkɑpid, ənd nɑt tɪ teɪk ðɛm tɪ ˈkəntriz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈʧaɪnə wɛr ðeɪ kən bi ˈækˌsɛst baɪ ˈivɪn ɪf tərnd ɔf. wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ iˈmeɪl, wɪl ˈrisərʧ ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈvɪktɪm, əˈspɛʃəli ˈsəmˌwən aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz biɪŋ ə ki tɪ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ən ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ðɛn ðeɪ wɪl sɛnd ðə ˈvɪktɪm ““spearphishing”*” iˈmeɪlz ðət əˈpɪr tɪ bi frəm frɛndz, ˈərʤɪŋ ðɛm tɪ klɪk ɔn ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ˈsikrɪtli ˌɪnˈstɔlz ˈmælˌwɛr ɔn ðɛr ˈsɪstəm. wəns ə ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈsərvɪs ““hooks”*” ən ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk dɪˈvaɪs, ɪt wɪl ˈvækjum əp ɔl əv ðə ˈdætə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈɛni wərk faɪlz, ənd ɔl əv ðɛr ˈkɑnˌtækts. ðət əˈlaʊz tɪ geɪn ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪz əv pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈəðər ˈpipəl. ənd ðə ˈhækərz ˈɔfən ˈsɪmpli lərk ðɛr, ˌəndɪˈtɛktɪd fər mənθs ər jɪrz, ənd juz ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ hɛlp ðɛm geɪn ˈpaʊərfəl kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ædˈvæntɪʤ ɪn treɪd tɔks, pəˈlɪtɪkəl nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ənd ˈəðər ˈmætərz. ˈækˌsɛs tɪ jʊr ˈpərsɪnəl iˈmeɪl ɪz ʤɪst ðə fərst stɛp ɪn ðə kəˈlæmɪti ðət wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli follow,”*,” ə ˈfɔrmər lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əˈfɪʃəl sɛd. ə pəˈtɛnʃəl læps ɪn sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈproʊtəˌkɔlz kʊd hæv səʧ ə ˌdɛləˈtɪriəs ˈifɛkt ɔn əˈmɛrɪkə ðət wi meɪ nɑt ˈivɪn ˌəndərˈstænd fər jɪrz haʊ bæd ɪt ɪz ənˈtɪl tu late.”*.” ə ˈsɛkənd ˈfɔrmər juz. ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əˈfɪʃəl sɛd ðət ðə ˈbrifərz ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ ˌɪnˈsɪˌdiəs ðə kæmˈpeɪnz kən bi bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ˈkɑndəkt ˈsɪmələr ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ˈəðərz. muvd ˈhɛvən ənd ərθ tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ðə ənˈklæsɪˌfaɪd əˈkaʊnts əv ləˈʤɪtəmət ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈtɑrgəts əraʊnd ðə world,”*,” ðə ˈfɔrmər əˈfɪʃəl sɛd. bɪˈkəz hi θɪŋks ənˈklæsɪˌfaɪd min ɪt dɪz nɑt kənˈteɪn ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əv greɪt ˈvælju tɪ us.”*.” hi ˈsaɪtɪd ˈpərsɪnəl əˈkaʊnts ɛz biɪŋ ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈməðər loʊd əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈsəmɪt ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ʧaɪˈniz ˈlidərz. seɪ ˈʤɛrɪd mits wɪθ ˈdɑktər. [ˈhɛnri] ˈkɪsɪnʤər, həz ə greɪt ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ənd hi raɪts ə ˈsəməri əv ðə conversation”*” ɔn hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl ˈlæpˌtɑp, ðə ˈfɔrmər əˈfɪʃəl sɛd. nɑt ˈklæsəˌfaɪd bət ɪt həz ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət ɪz ɪkˈstrimli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ənd əv haɪ ˈɪntəˌrɛst tɪ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈsərvɪsɪz əraʊnd ðə wərld bɪˈkəz əv hu hi ɪz, ə mæn əv influence.”*.”
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The National Security Agency warned senior White House officials in classified briefings that improper use of personal cellphones and email could make them vulnerable to espionage by Russia, China, Iran and other adversaries, according to officials familiar with the briefings.
The briefings came soon after President Donald Trump was sworn into office on Jan. 20, and before some top aides, including senior adviser Jared Kushner, used their personal email and phones to conduct official White House business, as disclosed by POLITICO this week.
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The NSA briefers explained that cyberspies could be using sophisticated malware to turn the personal cellphones of White House aides into clandestine listening devices, to take photos and video without the user’s knowledge and to transfer vast amounts of data via Wi-Fi networks and Bluetooth, according to one former senior U.S. intelligence official familiar with the briefings.
The briefings were held in the White House Situation Room because of the sensitivity of the topics discussed, according to that official and three other former officials familiar with such briefings, which have been given to each incoming administration.
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The officials said White House aides also were told they should assume that foreign cyberspies had already penetrated their personal email systems to some degree and used that access to vacuum up everything not just on their own computers and phones but those of their contacts.
The NSA briefers told the Trump aides that using their personal devices for work, including passing files and emails from one system to the other, could give cyberspies access to their work computers and email, too, the officials said.
If Kushner did not adhere to the security precautions, it could lead to a significant security breach, the officials said, given his access to President Donald Trump and unique portfolio of responsibilities. Kushner, who is Trump’s son-in-law, is the president’s point man on China, Syria, Middle East peace, and Afghanistan, along with innovation, infrastructure and other issues.
“Jared is probably one of the top five or 10 targets in the U.S. government because of his access to the president and because of the portfolios he’s been given,” said Richard Clarke, a former top cybersecurity advisor to three presidents. “It’s a pretty safe bet that his personal devices have been compromised by foreign intelligence services. And therefore there is some risk that meetings he attends are compromised too.”
White House spokespeople declined to comment on which officials received the briefings, but the former intelligence official said that former chief of staff Reince Priebus and homeland security adviser Thomas Bossert were among those who attended. Kushner and others of his rank were expected to attend, especially given the high potential for cyberespionage as one administration replaces another, the officials said.
A White House official told POLITICO that West Wing staffers are expected to follow security protocols, including leaving their cellphones in security lockers outside offices where classified information is discussed. White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said earlier in the week that aides were frequently warned about using private email accounts, and that “to my knowledge, it’s very limited.”
POLITICO reported Sunday that Kushner and his wife, Trump’s daughter Ivanka, created a private family domain before Trump took office. Kushner used it to communicate with top White House officials in early 2017. Kushner’s attorney said the messages totaled fewer than 100 from January through August.
A day later, POLITICO reported that at least five Trump aides used personal email for public business, including Ivanka Trump and economic adviser Gary Cohn, and that Priebus tried unsuccessfully to stop White House aides’ rampant use of cellphones for official business.
The disclosures prompted sharp criticism and investigations from members of Congress. Much of their concern related to preserving records, but numerous national security officials said the far greater risk is the theft of information by foreign adversaries.
“This happens with every administration that comes in,” said the former senior U.S. intelligence official, who left government only recently. “They don’t know from this world and they don’t understand the vulnerabilities that the electronic devices they carry around compromise them.”
Hacking was rampant during the 2016 election, especially from Russia, as current investigations have shown. It was also widespread in 2008, and even more so in 2012, with intelligence officials confirming that both major-party candidates, Barack Obama and Mitt Romney, were targets of cyberattacks. U.S. intelligence officials were so concerned about hacking during the 2016 election that they declassified material from the briefings Obama staffers received in 2009 as a warning to others.
The declassified material was part of a slideshow warning Obama administration officials that their jobs made them prey for foreign spies for a variety of political, economic and other reasons.
Asked whether any Trump administration officials, or their predecessors in the Obama administration, had their systems hacked, the former intelligence official said: “Not that I can talk about. You should just assume we wouldn’t make this big a deal about it unless it was a serious threat.”
The briefings for White House aides are especially important, the former officials said, because of all the ways in which phones and email can be compromised. Officials are told not to allow any of their phones or laptops out of their sight for fear they will be “ghosted,” or copied, and not to take them to countries including China where they can be accessed by cyberspies even if they’re turned off.
When it comes to email, cyberspies will research a potential victim, especially someone identified as being a key to understanding an incoming administration. Then they will send the victim “spearphishing” emails that appear to be from friends, urging them to click on something that secretly installs malware on their system.
Once a foreign intelligence service “hooks” an electronic device, it will vacuum up all of the data, including any work files, and all of their contacts. That allows cyberspies to gain access to the devices of potentially thousands of other people.
And the hackers often simply lurk there, undetected for months or years, and use the information to help them gain powerful competitive advantage in trade talks, political negotiations and other matters.
“Getting access to your personal email is just the first step in the calamity that will eventually follow,” a former law enforcement official said. “And a potential lapse in security protocols could have such a deleterious effect on America that we may not even understand for years how bad it is until it’s too late.”
A second former U.S. intelligence official said that the NSA briefers understand how insidious the cyberespionage campaigns can be because they conduct similar operations against others.
“I’ve moved heaven and earth to get into the unclassified accounts of legitimate intelligence targets around the world,” the former official said. “Just because he thinks it’s unclassified doesn’t mean it does not contain information of great value to us.”
He cited Kushner’s personal accounts as being a potential mother lode of information for Trump’s upcoming summit meeting with Chinese leaders.
“Let’s say Jared meets with Dr. [Henry] Kissinger, has a great conversation and he writes a summary of the conversation” on his personal laptop, the former official said. “It’s not classified but it has information that is extremely important and of high interest to intelligence services around the world because of who he is, a man of influence.”
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aɪ si ju... ˈmoʊʃən dɪˈtɛktɪŋ tərət tɪ gɑrd jʊr dɛsk saʊnd ˈifɛkts frəm ˈpɔrtəl ˈpɔrtəl 2 ˈoʊpənz wɪŋz ənd ʃuts ˈbʊləts (wən əv ðiz θɪŋz ɪz ə laɪ) wi hæv ə sɔft spɑt fər tərəts... ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðeɪ ˈrɪdəld ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ hoʊlz ɔn ˈmɛni ən əˈkeɪʒən. ðɛr ʤɪst soʊ kjut wɪθ ðɛr ˈlɪtəl ˈvɔɪsɪz ənd ðɛr rɛd aɪz. kjut ənd ˈdɛdli. ðæts waɪ wi hæv pləʃ tərəts, ˈflæʃˌlaɪt tərəts, ɪnˈfleɪtəbəl tərəts, ənd naʊ, ðə ˈsɛntri tərət dɛsk dɪˈfɛndər! straɪk fɪr ˈɪntu ðə hɑrts əv jʊr ˈɛnəmiz (ər ˈkoʊˈwərkərz) wɪθ jʊr ˈvɛri oʊn tərət dɛsk dɪˈfɛndər, paʊərd baɪ usb*. wɪn ɪt dɪˈtɛkts ˈmuvmənt, ðə wɪŋz ˈoʊpən ənd ɪt wɪl əˈnaʊns ðə ˌækwəˈzɪʃən əv ə ˈtərgət, wɪʧ ɪz ɪˈnəf tɪ sɛnd ˈɛniˌwən ˈrənɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm jʊr dɛsk æt tɔp spid. ənd jɛs, ɪf ju nɑk ɪt ˈoʊvər, ˈɪtəl ˈvaɪbreɪt ənd bi sæd əˈbaʊt ɪts lɔt ɪn laɪf. hɪrz wət jʊr ˈsɛntri tərət dɛsk dɪˈfɛndər wɪl seɪ: tərət dɪˈtɛkts ˈmoʊʃən ˈnɪrˈbaɪ: "ˈtərgət əkˈwaɪərd" "ðɛr ju ər" "aɪ si ju" "pərˈpɛrɪŋ tɪ dɪˈspɛns ˈprɑdəkt" "ˈæktɪˌveɪtɪd" tərət ɪz muvd ər nɑkt ˈoʊvər: "ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈɛrər" "ˈʃətɪŋ daʊn" "aɪ doʊnt heɪt ju" "heɪ, heɪ, heɪ" "mælˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ" ˈprɑdəkt ˌspɛsəfəˈkeɪʃənz
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i see you... motion detecting turret to guard your desk
sound effects from portal & portal 2
opens wings and shoots bullets (one of these things is a lie)
we have a soft spot for turrets... even though they riddled us with holes on many an occasion. they're just so cute with their little voices and their red eyes. cute and deadly. that's why we have plush turrets, flashlight turrets, inflatable turrets, and now, the sentry turret desk defender!
strike fear into the hearts of your enemies (or coworkers) with your very own turret desk defender, powered by usb. when it detects movement, the wings open and it will announce the acquisition of a target, which is enough to send anyone running away from your desk at top speed. and yes, if you knock it over, it'll vibrate and be sad about its lot in life.
here's what your sentry turret desk defender will say:
turret detects motion nearby:
"target acquired"
"there you are"
"i see you"
"preparing to dispense product"
"activated"
turret is moved or knocked over:
"critical error"
"shutting down"
"i don't hate you"
"hey, hey, hey"
"malfunctioning"
product specifications
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ðə jɪr 1994 wɑz ə ˈpɪvətəl, ˈlænsˌlaɪd jɪr fər rɪˈpəblɪkənz. ðə sizd kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈsɛnɪt frəm ˈdɛməˌkræts fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn eɪt jɪrz. bət ðə bɪg ˈstɔri wɑz ðə hɪˈstɔrɪk wɪn baɪ rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɪn ðə haʊs. rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈnɛtɪd ə ˈstægərˌɪŋ 54 sits, ˈflɪpɪŋ ðə haʊs tɪ ðɛr kənˈtroʊl fər ðə fərst taɪm sɪns 1952 ˈsɛvərəl θɪŋz wərkt ɪn ðə ˈfeɪvər. rɪˈpəblɪkənz səkˈsɛsfəli pɔrˈtreɪd ˈprɛzɪdənt bɪl ˈklɪntən ɛz ə ənd spend”*” ˈlɪˌbərəl ənd prəˈpaʊndəd ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld wɪθ america”*” ɛz ðɛr ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈprɑməs. ðeɪ ɛkˈskɔriˌeɪtɪd ðə ˈklɪntən ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwaɪtˌwɔtər lænd dil ɪn ˈɑrkənˌsɑ ənd hɪz ˈɛfərt (əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ðət əv spaʊs ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən) tɪ muv hɛlθ kɛr rɪˈfɔrm ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən θru ˈkɑŋgrəs. hɛlθ kɛr rɪˈfɔrm daɪd ˈmɪzərəbli, ˈnɛvər ˈivɪn ˈhɪtɪŋ ðə flɔr. ɪn ˈrɛtrəˌspɛkt, səm rɪˈpəblɪkənz naʊ meɪ teɪk ðə ˈklɪntən prəˈpoʊzəl ˈoʊvər obamacare*, wɪʧ dɪˈvɛləp ənˈtɪl 16 jɪrz daʊn ðə roʊd. bət əˈnəðər ˈstɔri. ˈkɑmbaɪn ˈɛfərts tɪ ˈtɑrnɪʃ ˈrɛkərd wɪθ ðə ˌɪmˈpækts əv riˈdɪstrɪktɪŋ frəm ðə 1990 ˈsɛnsəs ənd kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈdɛməˌkræts wər kʊkt. wən wʊd θɪŋk ðət səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈænəlɪsts wʊd bi ˈprɛsiənt ɪˈnəf tɪ si səʧ ə ˈlænsˌlaɪd mənθs ɪn ədˈvæns. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə moʊst kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ˈnɛrətɪv əv ðə 1994 ˈmɪdˌtərm ɪˈlɛkʃənz wɑz ðət ˈvərʧuəli ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ dɪˈtɛkt ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv wən əv ðə moʊst ˈlɑpˈsaɪdɪd ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri ənˈtɪl ʤɪst ə fju wiks əˈhɛd əv taɪm. ðɪs brɪŋz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ðɪs haʊs ənd ˈsɛnɪt ˈkɑntɛsts ənd wət kʊd ˈhæpən daʊn ˈbælət. ðɛr ər kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt wət noʊˈvɛmbər kʊd min fər kənˈgrɛʃənəl rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɪf ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˌnɑməˈni ˈdɑnəld trəmp kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ pərˈfɔrm ɛz ˈpurli ɛz hi ɪz naʊ ənd ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən, ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌnɑməˈni, ˌɪgˈnaɪts ðə ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈskɔrˌbɔrd. wi hæv noʊn sɪns ˌbiˈfɔr ðɪs ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈsaɪkəl ˈstɑrtɪd ðət riˈtɛnʃən əv ðə ˈsɛnɪt fər rɪˈpəblɪkənz wɑz ə ˌprɑpəˈzɪʃən æt bɛst. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə haʊs ɪz əˈnəðər ˈstɔri. ɪt həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ə ˈʧælənʤ fər ˈdɛməˌkræts tɪ ˈkɑbəl təˈgɛðər ən ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈstrætəʤi ðət ˈbaʊnsɪz ðə frəm ðə məˈʤɔrəti ənd ˈpɑkəts ðɛm 30 sits. ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈsæləˌveɪtəd æt ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈnɑməˌneɪtɪŋ ə ˈkænədɪt laɪk trəmp ər ˈtɛksəs sɛn. tɛd kruz, ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ˈiðər wʊd bi soʊ ˈtɑksɪk ðət ɪt kʊd hɛlp ðɛm ɪn kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈreɪsɪz. wɛl, ˈdɛməˌkræts gɑt ðɛr wɪʃ. ˈivɪn soʊ, ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən prɪˈdɪkt məʧ əv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ fər haʊs ˈkɑntɛsts ðɪs fɔl. jɛt. jɛs, ˈɔgəst. ˈərli ˈvoʊtɪŋ bɪˈgɪnz ɪn ˈmɛni steɪts ɪn əˈbaʊt fɔr wiks. soʊ fɑr, ˈlɪtəl ˈrizən tɪ θɪŋk ðə haʊs ɪz ɪn ˈʤɛpərdi fər rɪˈpəblɪkənz. ənd ɪf ðɛr ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə hɪnt ðət ðə haʊs kʊd flɪp laɪk 1994 səʧ ər moʊst ˈlaɪkli goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈimərʤ ˈrəðər leɪt. ɪt teɪk 54 sits. bət ə 30 sit bɑr ɪz ə lɔt fər ˈdɛməˌkræts. ənd ˈhændɪŋ ˈoʊvər kənˈtroʊl əv ðə haʊs tɪ ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈkɑnstəˌtuts ə ˈlænsˌlaɪd. ˈmeɪʤər ˈfæktərz stɪl ˌɪnˈhɪbət ˈdɛməˌkræts frəm ˈhævɪŋ ə ʧæns əv ˈpɪkɪŋ əp ðə loʊər ˈʧeɪmbər. ˈstrəgəld tɪ rɪˈkrut strɔŋ ˈkænədɪts ɪn səm ki ˈdɪstrɪkts. səm meɪ ˈivɪn ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈlidərz fər ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈkɑnvərt ðə trəmp ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən ˈɪntu ə fər haʊs ˈdɛməˌkræts. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ɪf ðə kʊd ˈgælvəˌnaɪz ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən əraʊnd bɪl ˈklɪntən ɪn 1994 ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌdimənəˈzeɪʃən əv trəmp bi pleɪ ɪn 2016 tɪ bi fɛr, ðoʊz ˈæpəlz tɪ ˈæpəlz kəmˈpɛrəsənz. wən əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈprɑbləmz haʊs ˈdɛməˌkræts feɪs ɪz ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl mæp. ɪn ðə 22 jɪrz sɪns ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən si ʧeɪnʤ, boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz hæv wərkt tɪ ˈnɛroʊ ðə pleɪɪŋ fild. ðeɪ ˈsɛgrəˌgeɪtɪd ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ənd rɪˈpəblɪkən voʊts ˈɪntu ˈdɪstrɪkts ðət ər mɔr ənd mɔr ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ər rɪˈpəblɪkən. ðə rɪˈzəlt ɪz ðət ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈpɑləˌtɪk ˈɛkspərts dɪˈnoʊt ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt 56 ˈdɪstrɪkts aʊt əv 435 ɛz kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv. ðət minz ˈdɛməˌkræts hæv tɪ hoʊld ðə əˈprɑksəmətli ˈdəzən sits ðeɪ naʊ kənˈtroʊl wɪʧ ər ɪn ðə swɪŋ ˈkætəˌgɔri ənd ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli lɑk əp θˌrikˈwɔrtərz əv ˈɛvəri sit ðət kʊd fɔl ˈɪntu pleɪ. bət ðət tɛl ðə fʊl ˈstɔri. ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti, ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt 25 sits ər ˈtruli kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv. ðə ˈɪʃu fər ˈdɛməˌkræts ɪz ðət ðɛr maɪt nɑt bi ɪˈnəf sits əˈveɪləbəl tɪ flɪp tɪ ˈkæpʧər ðə haʊs. əˈnəðər ˈprɑbləm fər ˈdɛməˌkræts. ðə ɪˈlɛktərət ɪkˈsaɪtɪd fər ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈvoʊtərz ər ˈɛnərˌʤaɪzd əˈgɛnst trəmp. stɪl, ðət kəts tu weɪz. ˈmɛni rɪˈpəblɪkənz meɪ nɑt bi ˈrɛdi tɪ voʊt fər trəmp. bət ˈθɪriz naʊ əˈbaʊnd ðət ˈvoʊtərz kʊd ʃoʊ əp tɪ voʊt rɪˈpəblɪkən ɪn haʊs ənd ˈsɛnɪt ˈkɑntɛsts tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ə ʧɛk əˈgɛnst ˈklɪntən, ʃʊd ɪt bi ˈɑbviəs ʃi meɪ wɪn. ɔl əv ðɪs ˈsɛnərz ɔn ˈtərˌnaʊt. ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən kʊd spɑrk ə sɪt aʊt baɪ rɪˈpəblɪkənz. ˈkəpəl ðət wɪθ ən ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈlænsˌlaɪd baɪ ˈklɪntən ənd ˈvɛriəs haʊs ˈkɑntɛsts ðət ɔn ðə bɔrd naʊ kʊd bɪˈkəm kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ɪn leɪt sɛpˈtɛmbər ənd ɑkˈtoʊbər. ˈhaɪrɪŋ əv ˈsiˌiˈoʊ stiv ˈbænən kʊd rɪˈzəlt ɪn ðə ənˈliʃɪŋ əv ən ˈivɪn mɔr ˈbɛləˌkoʊs ˌnɑməˈni. ɪf ðə keɪs, kənˈgrɛʃənəl rɪˈpəblɪkənz ər ɪn ˈtrəbəl ənd wɪl hæv tɪ ˈskræmbəl tɪ ˈfərðər ˈdɪstəns ðɛmˈsɛlvz frəm ðə tɔp əv ðə ˈtɪkɪt. əv kɔrs, ðə gʊd nuz ɔn ðət frənt ɪz ðət ˈmɛni rɪˈpəblɪkənz ər ˈrənɪŋ ˈreɪsɪz ðət fɔrm ə ˈfaɪrwɑl bɪtˈwin ðɛm ənd trəmp. ðət ˈstrætəʤi həz bɪn ɪn pleɪs fər mənθs. wən əv ðə bɛst θɪŋz goʊɪŋ fər rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɪz ðət ðeɪ sɪt ɔn ən hɪˈstɔrɪk məˈʤɔrəti ðət kʊd sərv ɛz ə ˈfeɪlˌseɪf. ɪn 2014 haʊs rɪˈpəblɪkənz wən 247 sits, ðɛr ˈbɪgəst məˈʤɔrəti sɪns 1928 ðə 2010 ˈsɛnsəs ənd ˈsəbsəkwənt riˈdɪstrɪktɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs drəˈmætɪkəli ˈfeɪvərd rɪˈpəblɪkənz. ðə ˈbɑdi ˈpɑləˌtɪk stɪl filz rɪˌvərbərˈeɪʃənz frəm ðoʊz ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz. ðə ˈsɛnsəs ənd riˈdɪstrɪktɪŋ kʊd min ˈɔlˌmoʊst noʊ weɪ fər ˈdɛməˌkræts tɪ kleɪm ðə haʊs ənˈtɪl ðə ˈmɪdˌtərm ɪˈlɛkʃən əv 2022 ðət wʊd ˈfɑloʊ ðə 2020 ˈsɛnsəs ənd əˈnəðər raʊnd əv riˈæləˌkeɪtɪŋ kənˈgrɛʃənəl sits. ən ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈlænsˌlaɪd ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˈklɪntən ˈkəpəld wɪθ ə prəˈdɪʤəs ˈnəmbər əv rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈvoʊtərz ˈsɪmpli steɪɪŋ hoʊm ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə bɛst sɪˈnɛrioʊ ˈdɛməˌkræts kən hoʊp fər ɪn haʊs ˈreɪsɪz ðɪs jɪr. ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈlænsˌlaɪdz ɪˈnəf. rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈoʊnli ərnd 12 sits ɪn 1984 ˈæftər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈrɑnəld ˈrigən wən 49 steɪts ˈoʊvər ˈwɔltər ˈmɑnˌdeɪl. ɪn 1972 ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈrɪʧərd ˈnɪksən ʤɔrʤ məˈgəvərn wɪθ 49 steɪts. ðət prəˈvaɪdɪd ə ˈmɪnəməl 12 sit ˈpɪˌkəp ɪn ðə haʊs. ɪt kəmz daʊn tɪ ˈvoʊtər ˈtərˌnaʊt. stɪl tu ˈərli tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd hu maɪt ʃoʊ əp ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər ər pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ˈərli ˈvoʊtɪŋ. ðəs, ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz ən ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ʃɑt fər ˈdɛməˌkræts tɪ wɪn ðə haʊs. bət ɪf ðə haʊs dɪz muv ˈɪntu pleɪ, ˈlaɪkli ðə sɪˈnɛrioʊ wɪl ˈmɪrər 1994 ɪn æt list wən ˈfæʃən: wi spɑt ðət ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ɪn ðə vˈjuˌfaɪndər ənˈtɪl ˈvɛri leɪt.
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the year 1994 was a pivotal, landslide year for republicans.
the gop seized control of the senate from democrats for the first time in eight years. but the big story was the historic win by republicans in the house. republicans netted a staggering 54 seats, flipping the house to their control for the first time since 1952.
several things worked in the gop’s favor.
republicans successfully portrayed president bill clinton as a “tax and spend” liberal and propounded the so-called “contract with america” as their electoral promise.
they excoriated the clinton over the whitewater land deal in arkansas and his effort (alongside that of spouse hillary clinton) to move health care reform legislation through congress. health care reform died miserably, never even hitting the floor.
in retrospect, some republicans now may take the clinton proposal over obamacare, which didn’t develop until 16 years down the road. but that’s another story.
combine gop efforts to tarnish clinton’s record with the impacts of redistricting from the 1990 census and congressional democrats were cooked.
one would think that sophisticated political analysts would be prescient enough to see such a landslide months in advance. however, the most compelling narrative of the 1994 midterm elections was that virtually nobody was able to detect the possibility of one of the most lopsided shellackings in american history until just a few weeks ahead of time.
this brings us to this year’s house and senate contests and what could happen down ballot. there are questions about what november could mean for congressional republicans if gop presidential nominee donald trump continues to perform as poorly as he is now and hillary clinton, the democratic nominee, ignites the electoral college scoreboard.
we have known since before this election cycle started that retention of the senate for republicans was a jump-ball proposition at best.
however, the house is another story. it has always been a challenge for democrats to cobble together an electoral strategy that bounces the gop from the majority and pockets them 30 seats.
democrats salivated at the possibility of republicans nominating a candidate like trump or texas sen. ted cruz, thinking either would be so toxic that it could help them in congressional races.
well, democrats got their wish. even so, trump’s nomination doesn’t predict much of anything for house contests this fall.
yet.
yes, it’s august. early voting begins in many states in about four weeks. so far, there’s little reason to think the house is in jeopardy for republicans. and if there is going to be a hint that the house could flip -- like 1994 -- such indiciators are most likely going to emerge rather late.
it won’t take 54 seats. but a 30 seat bar is a lot for democrats. and handing over control of the house to the democrats constitutes a landslide.
major factors still inhibit democrats from having a snowball’s chance of picking up the lower chamber. they’ve struggled to recruit strong candidates in some key districts.
some may even criticize democratic leaders for failing to convert the trump nomination into a cakewalk for house democrats. in other words, if the gop could galvanize opposition around bill clinton in 1994, shouldn’t democratic demonization of trump be child’s play in 2016?
to be fair, those aren’t apples to apples comparisons.
one of the biggest problems house democrats face is the political map. in the 22 years since the republican sea change, both parties have worked to narrow the playing field. they segregated democratic and republican votes into districts that are more and more democratic or republican.
the result is that electoral politic experts denote only about 56 districts out of 435 as competitive. that means democrats have to hold the approximately dozen seats they now control -- which are in the swing category -- and simultaneously lock up three-quarters of every gop seat that could fall into play.
but that doesn’t tell the full story.
in reality, only about 25 seats are truly competitive. the issue for democrats is that there might not be enough seats available to flip to capture the house.
here’s another problem for democrats. the electorate isn’t excited for hillary clinton. however, democratic voters are energized against trump.
still, that cuts two ways. many republicans may not be ready to vote for trump. but theories now abound that gop voters could show up to vote republican in house and senate contests to represent a check against clinton, should it be obvious she may win.
all of this centers on turnout.
trump’s nomination could spark a sit out by republicans. couple that with an electoral college landslide by clinton and various house contests that aren’t on the board now could become competitive in late september and october.
trump’s hiring of breitbart ceo steve bannon could result in the unleashing of an even more bellicose nominee.
if that’s the case, congressional republicans are in trouble and will have to scramble to further distance themselves from the top of the ticket. of course, the good news on that front is that many republicans are running races that form a firewall between them and trump. that strategy has been in place for months.
one of the best things going for republicans is that they sit on an historic majority that could serve as a failsafe.
in 2014, house republicans won 247 seats, their biggest majority since 1928. the 2010 census and subsequent redistricting process dramatically favored republicans. the body politic still feels reverberations from those electoral exercises.
the census and redistricting stopgaps could mean there’s almost no way for democrats to claim the house until the midterm election of 2022. that would follow the 2020 census and another round of reallocating congressional seats.
an electoral college landslide in favor of clinton -- coupled with a prodigious number of republican voters simply staying home -- is probably the best scenario democrats can hope for in house races this year. electoral college landslides aren’t enough.
republicans only earned 12 seats in 1984 after president ronald reagan won 49 states over walter mondale. in 1972, president richard nixon walloped george mcgovern with 49 states. that provided a minimal 12 seat gop pickup in the house.
it comes down to voter turnout. it’s still too early to understand who might show up in november or participate in early voting.
thus, it remains an outside shot for democrats to win the house. but if the house does move into play, it’s likely the scenario will mirror 1994 in at least one fashion: we won’t spot that possibility in the viewfinder until very late.
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ˈstədi faɪndz ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən dɪz nɑt kloʊz ˈreɪʃəl wɛlθ gæp nu ˈrisərʧ baɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl rɪˈzərv bæŋk əv st*. luɪs ʃoʊz ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən dɪz nɑt hɛlp blæk ənd hɪˈspænɪk ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈgræʤəˌweɪts prəˈtɛkt ðɛr wɛlθ ðə seɪm weɪ ɪt dɪz fər ðɛr waɪt ənd ˈeɪʒən ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts. ˈrɑbərt ˈsigəl, hoʊst: ɪts noʊ ˈsikrɪt ðət ðə greɪt ˌriˈsɛʃən tʊk ɪts toʊl ɔn ðə wɛlθ əv ˈmɪljənz əv əˈmɛrɪkənz. kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˈwɪzdəm hɛld ðət ˈpipəl wɪθ ˈkɑlɪʤ dɪˈgriz dɪd nɑt fil ðə pɪnʧ ˈnɪrli soʊ məʧ ɛz ðoʊz wɪθ lɛs ˈfɔrməl ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. wɛl, ə nu ˈstədi aʊt təˈdeɪ frəm ðə ˈfɛdərəl rɪˈzərv bæŋk əv st*. luɪs tɛsts ðət ˈθɪri. ənd ðə fɛdz' ˈrisərʧ faɪndz ðət ˈhævɪŋ ə ˌfɔˈrjɪr dɪˈgri ˈʃildɪd səm ˈpipəl bət nɑt ˈɛvriˌwən. ˈɛnˈpiˈɑrz ˈbʊkər rɪˈpɔrts. ˈbʊkər, ˈbaɪˌlaɪn: ɪf ju ər waɪt ər ˈeɪʒən ənd hæv ə ˈkɑlɪʤ dɪˈgri, ðə nu ˈrisərʧ sɪz ju ˈprɑbəˌbli dɪd ˈoʊˈkeɪ. bɪl ˈɛmənz: bət ðə ˈlɔsɪz wər məʧ, məʧ ˈlɑrʤər fər blæk ənd hɪˈspænɪk ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈgræʤəˌweɪts, soʊ aɪd seɪ ðət wɑz ˈrɪli ˈstənɪŋ. ˈbrʊkər: ðæts bɪl ˈɛmənz, wən əv ðə ˈɔθərz əv ðə st*. luɪs fɛdz ˈɔfəs əv ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl stəˈbɪlɪti ˈstədi. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈpɪriəd ðeɪ ˈleɪbəld ɛz ˈtərbjələnt, frəm 2007 tɪ 2013 ˈmidiəm nɛt wərθ fər ˈæfrɪkɑn əˈmɛrɪkənz wɪθ ˈkɑlɪʤ dɪˈgriz dɪˈklaɪnd ə ˈwɑpɪŋ 60 pərˈsɛnt. fər ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd hɪˈspænɪks, ðə drɔp wɑz ˈivɪn mɔr səˈvɪr. ðə ˈmidiən wɛlθ sɔ ə 72 pərˈsɛnt plənʤ ɪn ðət seɪm ˈpɪriəd, ˈlɑrʤli ɛz ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz ˈpləmətɪd ənd ˈmɪljənz lɔst ðɛr hoʊmz. fər waɪts, ðət dɪp wɑz ʤɪst 16 pərˈsɛnt. ˈeɪʒənz dɪd ðə bɛst, ˈæˌkʧuəli siɪŋ ən ˌɪnˈkris. ˈɛmənz: ðət ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli toʊld ˈjuˈɛs ðɛrz ˈsəmθɪŋ ənˈjuˌʒuəl. ənd soʊ ðɛn, ju noʊ, wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ lʊk æt ðə ˈlɔŋgər ˈpɪriəd. wɑz ðɪs stɪl tru? ˈbrʊkər: jɛp. ˈivɪn wɪn hɪz tim wɛnt bæk tɪ 1992 wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈklɪntən prɑˈspɛrəti jɪrz, ˈɛmənz sɪz ˈvərʧuəli ðə seɪm kˈwɑləˌteɪtɪv ˈpætərn ˈimərʤd. ˈɛmənz: blæk ənd hɪˈspænɪk ˈfæməliz hæd ə lɔt mɔr əv ðɛr ˈæˌsɛts ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd ɪn ˈhaʊzɪŋ ənd hæd məʧ haɪər dɛt ˈbərdənz. ˈbrʊkər: ˈɛmənz sɪz hi ˈsəˌspɛkts bɪˈkəz ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd blæks ənd hɪˈspænɪks lʊk gʊd ɔn ˈpeɪpər, ðeɪ wər praɪm ˈtɑrgəts fər bæd loʊnz, wɪʧ hɛlpt sɪŋk ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. ˈɛmənz: soʊ wi θɪŋk ðət ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈrɪli ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti əv ˈmɛni, ˈmɛni blæk ənd hɪˈspænɪk ˈfæməliz tɪ ə bɪg ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈdaʊnˌtərn. ənd ðət wʊd bi ˈvɛri kənˈsɪstənt, ðɛn, wɪθ ðiz ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˈlɔsɪz əv wɛlθ. ˈbrʊkər: wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈɪnˌkəm, ˈɛmənz sɪz ʤɑb ˈmɑrkɪt ˈfæktərz ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪ ə roʊl, səʧ ɛz ˈlɪŋgərɪŋ ʤɑb dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən ənd ˈɔlsoʊ səʧ ˈfæktərz ɛz kərɪr ˈʧɔɪsɪz. naʊ, doʊnt gɪt mi rɔŋ, hi sɪz. ˈhævɪŋ ə ˌfɔˈrjɪr dɪˈgri ɪz nɑt ə bæd θɪŋ. ˈɛmənz: hɪˈspænɪk ənd blæk ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈfæməliz stɪl meɪk ˈməltəpəlz ər ðeɪ stɪl hæv wɛlθ ðət ər ˈməltəpəlz əv ˈfæməliz, soʊ ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ɪz nɑt ðət ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪz rɔŋ. ˈbrʊkər: duk ˈpəblɪk ˈpɑləsi prəˈfɛsər ˈwɪljəm ˈdærɪti sɪz hi ˈdɪdənt faɪnd ðiz nu ˈfɪgjərz ɔl ðət ˈʃɑkɪŋ. hi sɪz, ðoʊ, hiz nɑt anti-education*, bət pɔɪnts aʊt... ˈwɪljəm ˈdærɪti: ɪt ɪz nɑt ðə ˈævəˌnu tɪ kloʊz ðə ˈreɪʃəl wɛlθ gæp. ˈbrʊkər: hi sɪz ˈrisərʧərz hæv lɔŋ noʊn ðət blæks ənd hɪˈspænɪks læg bɪˈhaɪnd ɪn tərmz əv wɛlθ ənd ˈpæsɪŋ ɔn ðət wɛlθ. ˈdærɪti: ənd ɪf wən ˈreɪʃəl grup həz ə məʧ ˈgreɪtər kəˈpæsɪti tɪ ˈtrænsfər ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ ðə nɛkst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən, ðɛn ðæts wət ɪz ðə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl sɔrs əv ðə kaɪnz əv dɪˈspɛrətiz ðət wi əbˈzərv wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ wɛlθ. ˈbrʊkər: ˈdærɪti sɪz ə lɔt mɔr ˈrisərʧ nidz tɪ bi dən tɪ ˈænsər ðət kˈwɛʃən. ˈbʊkər, ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr nuz. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2015 ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr. ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd. ˈvɪzɪt ɑr ˈwɛbˌsaɪt tərmz əv juz ənd pərˈmɪʃənz ˈpeɪʤɪz æt fər ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr ˈtrænˌskrɪpts ər kriˈeɪtɪd ɔn ə rəʃ ˈdɛˌdlaɪn baɪ verb8tm*, ɪŋk., ən ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr ˈkɑnˌtræktər, ənd prəˈdust ˈjuzɪŋ ə prəˈpraɪəˌtɛri ˌtrænˈskrɪpʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs dɪˈvɛləpt wɪθ ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr. ðɪs tɛkst meɪ nɑt bi ɪn ɪts ˈfaɪnəl fɔrm ənd meɪ bi ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ər rɪˈvaɪzd ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. ˈækjərəsi ənd əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti meɪ ˈvɛri. ðə əˈθɔrəˌteɪtɪv ˈrɛkərd əv ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ɪz ðə ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈrɛkərd.
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study finds education does not close racial wealth gap
new research by the federal reserve bank of st. louis shows education does not help black and hispanic college graduates protect their wealth the same way it does for their white and asian counterparts.
robert siegel, host:
it's no secret that the great recession took its toll on the wealth of millions of americans. conventional wisdom held that people with college degrees did not feel the pinch nearly so much as those with less formal education. well, a new study out today from the federal reserve bank of st. louis tests that theory. and the feds' research finds that having a four-year degree shielded some people but not everyone. npr's brakkton booker reports.
brakkton booker, byline: if you are white or asian and have a college degree, the new research says you probably did ok.
bill emmons: but the losses were much, much larger for black and hispanic college graduates, so i'd say that was really stunning.
brooker: that's bill emmons, one of the authors of the st. louis fed's office of household financial stability study. during the period they labeled as turbulent, from 2007 to 2013, medium net worth for african americans with college degrees declined a whopping 60 percent. for educated hispanics, the drop was even more severe. the median wealth saw a 72 percent plunge in that same period, largely as housing prices plummeted and millions lost their homes. for whites, that dip was just 16 percent. asians did the best, actually seeing an increase.
emmons: that immediately told us there's something unusual. and so then, you know, we wanted to look at the longer period. was this still true?
brooker: yep. even when his team went back to 1992, which included the so-called clinton prosperity years, emmons says virtually the same qualitative pattern emerged.
emmons: black and hispanic families had a lot more of their assets concentrated in housing and had much higher debt burdens.
brooker: emmons says he suspects because educated blacks and hispanics look good on paper, they were prime targets for bad loans, which helped sink the economy.
emmons: so we think that probably really increased the sensitivity of many, many black and hispanic families to a big housing downturn. and that would be very consistent, then, with these enormous losses of wealth.
brooker: when it comes to income, emmons says job market factors also play a role, such as lingering job discrimination and also such factors as career choices. now, don't get me wrong, he says. having a four-year degree is not a bad thing.
emmons: hispanic and black college graduate families still make multiples - or they still have wealth that are multiples of non-college families, so the message is not that college is wrong.
brooker: duke public policy professor william darity says he didn't find these new figures all that shocking. he says, though, he's not anti-education, but points out...
william darity: it is not the avenue to close the racial wealth gap.
brooker: he says researchers have long known that blacks and hispanics lag behind in terms of wealth and passing on that wealth.
darity: and if one racial group has a much greater capacity to transfer resources to the next generation, then that's what is the fundamental source of the kinds of disparities that we observe with respect to wealth.
brooker: darity says a lot more research needs to be done to answer that question. brakkton booker, npr news.
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2015 wɑz ə ˈprɪti əˈmeɪzɪŋ jɪr fər ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn ðə ˌligələˈzeɪʃən əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə. fɔr steɪts ənd ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt əv kəˈləmbiə ˈligəˌlaɪzd ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə, ˈmɛni steɪts ɪt ənd ˈsɛvərəl mɔr steɪts əˈpruvd ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə. bət fər ɔl ðə ədˈvænsɪz meɪd ɪn 2015 ðə jɪr wɑz ʤɪst ə rən əp tɪ 2016 wɪn ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi əˈkəmpənid baɪ ə ræmp əp ɪn ˌligələˈzeɪʃən. ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs, ðɛr ər ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz fər ə ˈsɛnɪt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti ˈhirɪŋ ɔn ðə ækt (ɛs. 683 ər h.r*. 1538 ðɪs bɪl, ˈspɑnsərd baɪ ˈkɔˌri ˈbʊkər, ˈkərstən gillibrand*, din ˈhɛlər ənd ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt rænd pɔl, ɪz ə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv pis əv ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ɔn ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə. ɪt wʊd əˈlaʊ steɪts tɪ ˈligəˌlaɪz ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə wɪˈθaʊt ˈfɛdərəl ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns ənd riˈskɛʤul ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə tɪ ə ˈskɛʤʊl drəg. ɪt wʊd ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ˈbɛriərz tɪ ˈrisərʧ ənd əˈlaʊ bæŋks tɪ wərk wɪθ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˈkəmpəˌniz. ʧək ˈgræsli ɪz ðə hɛd əv ðə kəˈmɪti ənd ənˈtɪl hi ˈskɛʤʊlz ə ˈhirɪŋ, ɪt ɪz dɛd ɪn ðə ˈwɔtər. ˈmɛni hoʊp ðɪs jɪr hi wɪl ˈbəkəl ˈəndər ˈprɛʃər ənd sɛt əp ə ˈhirɪŋ. ðə rɪˈspɛkt steɪt ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə lɔz ər 140 ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ɔn ðə hoʊpt fər ˈhirɪŋz lɪst. ˈmeɪsən tvert*, dɪˈrɛktər əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz fər ðə ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˈpɑləsi ˈprɑʤɛkt sɛd, "wi ɪkˈspɛkt səˈpɔrt wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ groʊ fər boʊθ əv ðoʊz bɪlz ɛz wɛl ɛz fər ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈvɛtərənz' ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ənd ˈbæŋkɪŋ fər ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˈbɪznɪsɪz." ˈəðər ˈpisɪz əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ˌɪnˈklud ˈbərni ˈsændərz' bɪlz, ɛs. 2237 ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən ækt əv ənd ɛs. 2237 ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən ækt əv h.r*. 667 ðə ˈvɛtərənz ˈikwəl ˈækˌsɛs ækt; h.r*. 262 ðə steɪts ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ækt ˈprɑpərti raɪt prəˈtɛkʃən; h.r*. 1013 1014 ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə laɪk ˈælkəˌhɑl ækt ənd ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə tæks ˈrɛvəˌnu ækt əv 2015 h.r*. 1855 ənd ɛs. 987 ðə smɔl ˈbɪznɪs tæks ˈɛkwəti ækt; ənd h.r*. 2076 ənd ɛs. 1726 ðə ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˈbɪznɪs ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈbæŋkɪŋ ækt. ðɛrz ˈɔlsoʊ h.r*. 3124 klin sleɪt fər ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə əˈfɛnsɪz ækt əv 2015 ənd h.r*. 3518 ðə stɑp ˈsɪvəl ˈæˌsɛt ˈfɔrfəʧər ˈfəndɪŋ fər ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə səˈprɛʃən ækt. ˈmɛni steɪts hæv ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz fər noʊˈvɛmbər ðət ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈligəˌlaɪzɪŋ ər ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪŋ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə fər ˈædəlt juz. ðiz ˌɪnˈklud nəˈvɑdə, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts, ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə, meɪn ənd ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. steɪts traɪɪŋ tɪ pʊl təˈgɛðər ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən fər ðə noʊˈvɛmbər ˈbæləts ˌɪnˈklud ˈflɔrɪdə, ˈɑrkənˌsɑ ənd məˈzʊri. vərˈmɑnts steɪt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl θɪŋks ðət ˌligələˈzeɪʃən əv ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə kʊd pæs ɪn 2016 ənd ðə haʊs ˈspikər ɪz səˈpɔrtɪv. roʊd ˈaɪlənd ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti fər ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl ˌligələˈzeɪʃən nɛkst jɪr. wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə, ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ɪz ˈlaɪkli. ðə ˈsɛnɪt pæst ə lɔ, bət ðə haʊs ɪz sloʊ tɪ kəm əraʊnd, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ˈgəvərnər səˈpɔrts ɪt. nəˈbræskə ənd ˈjuˌtɔ kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli pæs ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə lɔz ɪn 2016 ˌɪləˈnɔɪz ənd nu ˈhæmʃər ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ pæs diˌkrɪmənələˈzeɪʃən əv pəˈzɛʃən lɔz ɪn ðə nu jɪr.
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2015 was a pretty amazing year for progress in the legalization of marijuana. four states and the district of columbia legalized recreational marijuana, many states decriminalized it and several more states approved medical marijuana. but for all the advances made in 2015, the year was just a run up to 2016, when the presidential election is expected to be accompanied by a ramp up in legalization.
in congress, there are expectations for a senate judiciary committee hearing on the carers act (s. 683 or h.r. 1538). this bill, sponsored by cory booker, kirsten gillibrand, dean heller and presidential candidate rand paul, is a comprehensive piece of legislation on medical marijuana. it would allow states to legalize medical marijuana without federal interference and reschedule marijuana to a schedule ii drug. it would eliminate barriers to research and allow banks to work with marijuana companies. chuck grassley is the head of the committee and until he schedules a hearing, it is dead in the water. many hope this year he will buckle under pressure and set up a hearing.
the respect state marijuana laws or hr 140 is also on the hoped for hearings list. mason tvert, director of communications for the marijuana policy project said, "we expect support will continue to grow for both of those bills as well as for legislation regarding veterans' access to medical marijuana and banking for medical marijuana businesses."
other pieces of marijuana legislation include bernie sanders' bills, s. 2237, the “ending federal marijuana prohibition act of 2015,” and s. 2237, the “ending federal marijuana prohibition act of 2015;” h.r. 667, the veterans equal access act; h.r. 262 the states medical marijuana act property right protection; h.r. 1013 & 1014 the regulate marijuana like alcohol act and marijuana tax revenue act of 2015; h.r. 1855 and s. 987, the small business tax equity act; and h.r. 2076 and s. 1726, the marijuana business access to banking act. there's also h.r. 3124, clean slate for marijuana offenses act of 2015; and h.r. 3518, the stop civil asset forfeiture funding for marijuana suppression act.
many states have initiatives for november that focus on legalizing or regulating marijuana for adult use. these include nevada, massachusetts, arizona, maine and california. states trying to pull together legislation for the november ballots include florida, arkansas and missouri.
vermont's state attorney general thinks that legalization of recreational marijuana could pass in 2016 and the house speaker is supportive. rhode island is also a possibility for recreational legalization next year.
when it comes to medical marijuana, pennsylvania is likely. the senate passed a law, but the house is slow to come around, even though the governor supports it. nebraska and utah could potentially pass medical marijuana laws in 2016.
illinois and new hampshire are likely to pass decriminalization of possession laws in the new year.
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10 əv 32 rɑb ˈɪmɪʤɪz ɑdz: ɪts bɪn ə ˈsizən əv ˈtərˌmɔɪl fər ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈrɛdˌskɪnz, ənd wik lɔs ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ˈoʊnli sərvd tɪ æd mɔr fjuəl tɪ ðə faɪər. ðə ˈrɛdˌskɪnz ər naʊ ənd lʊk laɪk ðə wərst tim ɪn ə pəˈθɛtɪk ist. læst jɪr, ðə ˈrɛdˌskɪnz ˈstɑrtɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈrætəlɪŋ ɔf ˈsɛvən kənˈsɛkjətɪv wɪnz tɪ kleɪm ðə ist ˈtaɪtəl. waɪl ɪts nɑt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə rɛlm əv ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ðeɪ kʊd rɪp ɔf sɪks streɪt tɪ kloʊz ðə wɪl ˈlaɪkli bi gʊd ɪˈnəf tɪ wɪn ðə ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ɛnˈvɪʒən ə sɪˈnɛrioʊ wɛr ðət əˈkərz. ðə tim ɪz ʤɪst weɪ tu ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt frəm ə week-to-week*, ˈbeɪsɪs. koʊʧ maɪk ˈʃænəhæn nidz tɪ kəm ˈəndər faɪər fər haʊ ðɪs ˈsizən həz pleɪd aʊt. hiz naʊ 10 geɪmz ˈəndər 500 ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. ɪts nɑt ˌɔnˈfɛr tɪ ˈwəndər ɪf rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ ɪm ɪz ðə raɪt muv. dɪˈfɛnsɪv koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər ʤɪm ˈhæslɪt wɪl nid ə ˈmɪrəkəl ˈfɪnɪʃ frəm hɪz ˈjunɪt tɪ kip hɪz ʤɑb, ɛz ðə dɪˈfɛns həz bɪn ˈɔfəl ɔl ˈsizən. ənd ðɛn, ðɛrz kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ˈrɑbərt ˈgrɪfɪn iii*, hu həz ɪˈpɪtəˌmaɪzd ðə ˈrɛdˌskɪnz' ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi ðɪs jɪr. ˈæftər ðə lɔs ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə, ˈgrɪfɪn pʊt ðə bleɪm fər ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃən hi θru ɔn ðə, seɪɪŋ əv ðə ˈigəlz, "ðeɪ kaɪnd əv nu wət wɑz ˈkəmɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt wɑz ˈkəmɪŋ," pər wɪl ˈbrɪnsən əv cbssports.com*. ðət ɪz ʤɪst ˈhoʊli ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl ˈkɑndəkt frəm ə səˈpoʊzd "ˈfrænˌʧaɪz" kˈwɔrtərˌbæk. ˈgrɪfɪn nidz tɪ əkˈsɛpt riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti, ˈivɪn ɪt wɑz ə pur frəm maɪk ənd əˈfɛnsɪv koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər kaɪl ˈʃænəhæn. ˈsteɪtmənts laɪk ðət ˈoʊnli sərv tɪ proʊˈməlgeɪt ðə θɔt ðət ˈgrɪfɪn nidz tɪ məˈʧʊr ɛz ə ˈlidər. ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪts tɪlt wɪθ ðə woʊnt bi ˈizi, wɪθ sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf tu streɪt ˈlɔsɪz. ðə ˈrɛdˌskɪnz məst mæʧ sæn frænˈsɪskoʊz ˌdɛspərˈeɪʃɪn ənd pʊt təˈgɛðər ə kəmˈplit geɪm ɪf ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ kip ðɛr ˈsizən əˈlaɪv. nɛkst geɪm: ˈvərsəz. sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ (ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt ˈfʊtˌbɔl)
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rob carr/getty images
odds: 300/1
it's been a season of turmoil for the washington redskins, and week 11's loss in philadelphia only served to add more fuel to the fire. the redskins are now 3-7 and look like the worst team in a pathetic nfc east.
last year, the redskins started 3-6 before rattling off seven consecutive wins to claim the nfc east title. while it's not outside the realm of possibility that they could rip off six straight to close the season—and 9-7 will likely be good enough to win the division—it's almost impossible to envision a scenario where that occurs. the team is just way too inconsistent from a week-to-week, series-to-series basis.
coach mike shanahan needs to come under fire for how this season has played out. he's now 10 games under .500 in washington. it's not unfair to wonder if replacing him is the right move. defensive coordinator jim haslett will need a miracle finish from his unit to keep his job, as the defense has been awful all season.
and then, there's quarterback robert griffin iii, who has epitomized the redskins' inconsistency this year. after the loss in philadelphia, griffin put the blame for a critical interception he threw on the play-call, saying of the eagles, "they kind of knew what was coming before it was coming," per will brinson of cbssports.com.
that is just wholly unacceptable conduct from a supposed "franchise" quarterback. griffin needs to accept responsibility, even it was a poor play-call from mike and offensive coordinator kyle shanahan. statements like that only serve to promulgate the thought that griffin needs to mature as a leader.
monday night's tilt with the 49ers won't be easy, with san francisco coming off two straight losses. the redskins must match san francisco's desperation and put together a complete 60-minute game if they want to keep their season alive.
next game: vs. san francisco (monday night football)
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ˈʤænjuˌɛri 3 aɪ æm ɔn ðə pleɪn, ənd ðə ˈstuərdəs həz tɪ teɪk ə sit bɪˈkəz ðə ˈtərbjələns ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ rəf. ðɪs ɪz wɪn aɪ stɑrt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt dɛθ, ənd aɪ noʊ ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə ˈpipəl ˈsɪtɪŋ ˌbiˈsaɪd mi ər ɛz wɛl. ə streɪnʤ fəˈnɑməˌnɑn. aɪ hæv dən ðə ˈrisərʧ ɔn ðə ˈseɪfti ˈfiʧərz əv kəˈmərʃəl iz maɪ fɪrz. bət ɪt ˈmætər ðət aɪ noʊ ðət ə flaɪt həz ˈnɛvər gɔn daʊn du tɪ səm bəmps, aɪ stɪl θɪŋk əˈbaʊt haʊ məʧ ɪt wʊd sək tɪ bi ðə fərst. ðɛr ɪz stɪl soʊ məʧ lɛft fər mi tɪ du. aɪ daɪ wɪθ ðɪs maɪl taɪm. ɛz wi krip aʊt əv ðə bəmps, aɪ tərn maɪ mˈjuzɪk əp, əˈʤəst ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɪn ðə sit ənd pʊt ɔn ə təf feɪs. aɪ tɛl ˌmaɪˈsɛlf aɪ skɛrd, bət ðə wɛt spɑts ˈəndər maɪ ɑrmz tɛl ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈstɔri. ðə flaɪt ɪz ˈhɛdɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈfinɪks, dɪˈrɛkt frəm ˌʤeɪˌɛfˈkeɪ. wi wər dɪˈleɪd tu aʊərz, ənd aɪ hæd sɛnt ɔn ˈkɑnstənt ˈəpˌdeɪts tɪ maɪ raɪd. noʊ wən laɪks ˈhævɪŋ tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ˈsəmˌwən ɛls wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈtrævəl, bət pɑrt əv meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ˈfrɛndʃɪps. gɪt ðɛm bæk. ˈweɪtɪŋ fər mi ɪz dɑn, ˈtrɛvər ənd ˈtɑmi di. tərnz aʊt ðeɪ hæd tɪ goʊ bæk tɪ ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt ˈɛniˌweɪz. dɑn hæd lɔst ə bæg tu deɪz praɪər wɪn hi flu ɪn. ðɪs wɑz nɑt ə keɪs əv ðə ˈləgɪʤ. dɑn brɔt ɔl hɪz nəˈsɛsɪtiz ɔn bɔrd wɪθ ɪm, ənd pʊt ðət ˈkɛri ɔn daʊn waɪl ˈgræbɪŋ hɪz ˈəðər ˈsutˌkeɪs frəm ðə ˈkɛrəˌsɛl. soʊ naʊ hi həz tɪ goʊ rɪˈtriv ɪt, ənd aɪ gɛs aɪ du ɛz wɛl. ɛz sun ɛz aɪ gɪt ɔf ðə pleɪn, maɪ ˈstəmək ɪz ˈrəmbəlɪŋ. aɪ səˈpoʊz ə kəp əv ˈkɔfi ənd ə smɔl bæg əv ˈsɔltɪd ˈpiˌnəts ɪˈnəf tɪ hoʊld mi ɔf ɔn ðə flaɪt. aɪ æm məʧ tu ˈfrugəl tɪ ˈoʊvərˌpeɪ fər ə ˈkræˌpi ˈsænwɪʧ ɔn ðə flaɪt, bət aɪ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ɪt aʊt əv ˈprɪnsəpəl. ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə gaɪz hæv bɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ fər 15 ˈmɪnəts bɪɔnd wət ðeɪ wər ˈhoʊpɪŋ, aɪ stɪl stɑp tɪ græb ə snæk. ðə ənd sup ˈkɑmˌboʊ ɪz ə ˈsteɪpəl əv maɪ daɪət, ənd təˈdeɪ ɪz noʊ ˈdɪfərənt. aɪ æsk fər ðə ˈɛkstrə ˈkʊki, ɪt wɑz pɑrt əv maɪ nu ˌrɛzəˈluʃən tɪ it ˈhɛlθi, bət ðə kjut kæˈʃɪr ˌæksəˈdɛnəli geɪv mi wən. aɪ wɪl ʧuz tɪ teɪk ɪt ɛz ə saɪn ðət aɪ nid ðɪs ˈkʊki. maɪ foʊn rɪŋz ənd aɪ si ðət ɪt ɪz ˈtrɛvər, ənd hi ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər mi. aɪ sin ɪm sɪns ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkrɪsməs, ənd aɪ æm ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ bi bæk wɪθ maɪ ˈtimˌmeɪts. hi ənd dɑn wər tu əv maɪ ˈbɪgəst ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈraɪvəlz waɪl ðeɪ wər æt ˈprɪnstən, bət wi hæv sɪns bɪˈkəm frɛndz ənd ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈpɑrtnərz. ˈtrɛvər ənd aɪ lɪvd təˈgɛðər tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ waɪl boʊθ æt ˈtɛksəs fər ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul. naʊ hi ˈoʊnli lɪvz 30 ˈmɪnəts əˈweɪ, ə bɪt əˈkrɔs ðə ˈbɔrdər ˈɪntu ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə. ɛz aɪ paɪl ˈɪntu ðə kɑr aɪ æm ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ si ðə sˈmaɪlɪŋ ˈtɑmi di ˈsɪtɪŋ æt ðə hɛlm. sɪns ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪŋ frəm ˈprɪnstən hi həz muvd tɪ ˈfinɪks, ənd ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈwərkɪŋ fər ðə sənz, həz kənˈtɪnjud tɪ rən. ˈtɑmi wɑz ə gʊd ˈrənər ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ, ˈpoʊstɪŋ ə bɛst əv fər, bət həz sɪns ˈrɪli θraɪvd sɪns ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪŋ. sɪns ðɛn hi həz krəʃt 100 maɪl wiks, wən ðə ˈdɛnvər ˈmɛrəˌθɑn ənd kˈwɑləˌfaɪd fər ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪk traɪəlz wɪθ ə hæf. wi spɛnt taɪm təˈgɛðər ɪn ʤəˈpæn ə jɪr əˈgoʊ fər ðə ˈriˌleɪz, ənd wɪn aɪ gɑt tɪ noʊ ɪm bɪɔnd biɪŋ ʤɪst əˈnəðər ˈprɪnstən ˈʤərzi. aɪ æm ˈkluləs əv ðə plæn. aɪ lɛft maɪ trəst fər ðə ɪnˈtaɪər aɪˈtɪnərˌɛri ɪn ˈhoʊpfəli ˈkeɪpəbəl hænz. soʊ aɪ æsk fər ə dɪˈbrifɪŋ. wi ər ˈhɛdɪŋ bæk tɪ əˈpɑrtmənt fər ðə naɪt, ənd meɪk ðə trɪp tɪ ˈflægˌstæf təˈmɑˌroʊ ˈæftər ɑr lɔŋ rən. dɑn ənˈfɔrʧənətli ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt hɪz bæg æt ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt, ənd wɪl hæv tɪ weɪt əˈnəðər ˈkəpəl deɪz tɪ gɪt ɪt bæk. dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs ˈhɪkəp, məræl rɪˈmeɪnz haɪ. foʊn ˈbəzɪz ənd hi ʧɛks ə tɛkst, ənd rɪˈgrɛtfəli əˈnaʊnsɪz ðət hi həz səm bæd nuz fər dɑn. tərnz aʊt ðət ðə dɔg tɔr əp wən əv hɪz ˈrənɪŋ ʃuz bæk æt ðə əˈpɑrtmənt. aɪ lʊk ɛz hɪz feɪs drɑps. nɑt hɪz deɪ. ðə əˈpɑrtmənt ɪz ɪn oʊld ˈskɑtsˌdeɪl, ə ˈfænsi ˈsəbərb əv ˈfinɪks, ənd ðə ˈkɑmplɛks fɪts wɛl ˈɪntu ðət dɪˈskrɪpʃən. ðə əˈpɑrtmənt ɪz ˈbjutəfli ˈfərnɪʃt, ənd ən aɪˈdil ˈbæʧələr pæd. aɪ θroʊ maɪ bægz daʊn, fɪʃ aʊt səm ʃuz ənd ʃɔrts [fər dɑn ɛz wɛl], ənd priˈpɛr tɪ hɛd aʊt fər ə ˈʃeɪˌkaʊt rən. dɑn ɔˈrɛdi ræn wəns ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ, bət maɪ flaɪt lɛft tu ˈərli tɪ gɪt ɪt ɪn ˌbiˈfɔr ˈlivɪŋ. wi teɪk ɔf aʊt əv ðə əˈpɑrtmənt, krɔs tu strits ənd hɪt ə kəˈnæl pæθ ðət rənz streɪt ˈɪntu ðə ˈmaʊntənz. 50 dɪˈgriz aʊt; wi ər boʊθ ɪn ʤɪst ʃɔrts ənd ə ˈtiˌsərt. maɪ lɛgz stɪl hæv səm ʃɪt ɪn ðɛm frəm ðə flaɪt, bət ðɪs ɪz ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ fləʃ ɪt ɔl aʊt. biɪŋ ɪn ðə ɛr fər 5 aʊərz dɪz wɪrd θɪŋz tɪ jʊr ˈbɑdi. aɪ tˈwɪstɪd maɪ ˈæŋkəl ə fju wiks əˈgoʊ, ənd ɪt bɪn ən ˈɪʃu, bət sɪns ˈlændɪŋ ɪt həz ˌɪnˈfleɪtɪd ɔl ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn. dɑn ənd aɪ lɪv təˈgɛðər naʊ ɪn nu ˈʤərzi, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ faɪv mɔr. bət wi ər tu əv ðə haɪər ˈmaɪlɪʤ gaɪz ɔn ðə tim, ənd soʊ ɪt filz laɪk wi ər ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈrənɪŋ təˈgɛðər. ɑr straɪdz hæv ə weɪ əv ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈrɪðəm wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər naʊ. ˈæftər ə ˈθaʊzənd maɪəlz ɪn sɪŋk, ˈnæʧərəl. ðə sən həz sɛt bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈmaʊntənz, bət ðə skaɪ ɪz stɪl ˌɪˈluməˌneɪtəd pɪŋk ɪn ðə hərˈaɪzən. ʤɪst ɪˈnəf laɪt ðət wi hæv tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt ˈfʊtɪŋ. boʊθ əv ˈjuˈɛs hæv ʤɪst rɪˈtərnd frəm veɪˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˌkɛrɪˈbiən wɪθ ɑr rɪˈspɛktɪv ˈfæməliz. rɪˈlivɪŋ tɪ hir ðət maɪ ˈstrəgəlz əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ waɪl ðɛr wər nɑt ɪkˈsklusɪv tɪ mi. dɑn wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd əv ðə streɪz, ənd pərˈhæps wərs, ðə gɑrd dɔgz. ðə hit ənd hjuˈmɪdəti wɑz ənˈbɛrəbəl, ənd ðə roʊdz wʊd ˈhɑrdli bi kənˈsɪdərd bɪtˈwin ðə ˈtræfɪk, hɪlz ənd ˈpɑˌthoʊlz. bət pərˈhæps wərst əv ɔl ɪz ðə tɛmˈteɪʃən əv ðə biʧ veɪˈkeɪʃən ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl. hæv bɪn məʧ ˈiziər tɪ slip ɪn ənd hɛd daʊn tɪ ðə biʧ fər ˈbrɛkfəst ənd ə ˈpinə colada*. wi ər ˈkɑnstəntli ˈrɛdɪŋ iʧ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈrənɪŋ lɔgz ˈwɛðər təˈgɛðər ər əˈweɪ. ˈpɑrʃəli tɪ ʧɛk ɪn ɔn haʊ ðə ˈəðər ˈpərsən ɪz duɪŋ aʊt əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ər tɪ hir əˈbaʊt ə ˈwərˌkaʊt frəm ˈsəmˌwən pərˈspɛktɪv. bət maɪ lɔg həz bɪˈkəm ə sɔrt əv ˈdaɪəri tɪ mi sɪns aɪ fərst ˈstɑrtɪd ɪt ɪn haɪ skul. naʊ ə ˈrɪʧuəl. ɪt əˈkaʊnts nɑt ʤɪst fər ðə rənz, bət ðə ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz əv ðə ˈʤərni. dɑn brɪŋz əp ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɛntri əv maɪn frəm ə fju deɪz praɪər, maɪ ˈfaɪnəl lɔg frəm veɪˈkeɪʃən. hi ˈstrəgəlz tɪ pis təˈgɛðər hɪz θɔts ɔn maɪ oʊn rɪˈflɛkʃənz, bət aɪ kən teɪk əˈweɪ hɪz meɪn pɔɪnt; hi laɪks ðɛm. aɪ hæd ˈrɪtən əˈbaʊt haʊ ˈdɪfəkəlt ɪt wɑz tɪ meɪk ðə ˈsækrəˌfaɪsɪz əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ waɪl ɪn ˈpɛrəˌdaɪs, bət haʊ aɪ hæd ˈwɪlfəli hɛld ˌmaɪˈsɛlf riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə wərk. ɪn ðə ɛnd aɪ wɑz praʊd əv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, ənd soʊ wɑz dɑn. ʤɪst ˈɔlˌweɪz hæd ðɪs aɪˈdiə ɪn maɪ hɛd ðət ɪf ˈsəmˌwən wɔnts tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ ˈsəmθɪŋ greɪt, ðət ðeɪ nid tɪ goʊ əˈbəv ənd bɪɔnd tɪ gɪt ðɛr. laɪk ðeɪ hæv tɪ pʊt fɔrθ ə ˌsupərˈhjumən ˈɛfərt, ər du ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈspɛʃəl ðət meɪks ðɛm ərn ɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli goʊ aʊt ənd ərn ɪt ɪn ə reɪs. ənd aɪ noʊ ju wərk hɑrd, ənd aɪ si haʊ gʊd ju ər. bət ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt siɪŋ ju graɪnd aʊt læst wik meɪks mi rut fər ju soʊ məʧ ˈhɑrdər, bɪˈkəz ju dɪˈzərv ðə səkˈsɛs əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ən oʊˈlɪmpɪk team.’*.’ dɑn ˈɔfən kəmˈjunɪˌkeɪts hɪz aɪˈdiəz ˈrəðər ˈbləntli, bət aɪ æm juzd tɪ ɪt baɪ naʊ. aɪ teɪk wət hi sɪz tɪ min ðət aɪ dɪd nɑt ˈpriviəsli dɪˈzərv ɪt, bət ðət aɪ hæv ˈpruvən [tɪ dɑn] ðət aɪ ˈdɛfənətli du. ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ən oʊˈlɪmpiən, ðɪs ɪz ə haɪ ˈkɑmpləmɛnt. ˈləkəli wi ˈfɪnɪʃ əp ðə rən ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ðə peɪs stɑrts ˈgɪtɪŋ tu fæst tɪ bi kənˈsɪdərd ə ˈʃeɪˌkaʊt rən. ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt goʊlz ɪz ðə kˈwɪkɪst wɑz tɪ ˌɪnˈʤɛkt ə sərʤ əv peɪs ˈɪntu ən ˈizi deɪ. ˈtrɛvər ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ɪn ðə weɪt rum bæk æt ðə əˈpɑrtmənt ənd wi stɑp baɪ ðə rum tɪ græb ˈtɑmi di ənd lɛt ɪm noʊ wi ər bæk. sɪns wi hæv ə lɔŋ rən təˈmɑˌroʊ, aɪ æm nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ du ə bɪg lɪft, bət wɔnt tɪ ʤɪst gɪt ə ˈlɪtəl ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn waɪl wi hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ səʧ ə nis fəˈsɪlɪti. aɪ gɪt ʤɪst ɪˈnəf bləd ˈpəmpɪŋ ðət aɪ fil laɪk aɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃt ˈsəmθɪŋ. maɪ əˈtɛnʃən spæn ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ loʊ, sɪns ˈtɑmi ənd ˈtrɛvər hæv muvd ðɛr weɪ ˈɪntu ðə ˈbæskətˌbɔl kɔrt, ənd lʊk laɪk ˈhævɪŋ mɔr fən ðən ˈjuˈɛs. aɪ meɪk ə ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz wɪθ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf; 5 ˈmɪnəts əv kɔr, ənd ðɛn aɪ kən ʃut səm hups. ˈtɛrəbəl. aɪ wɔnt tɪ si haʊ ˈmɛni fri θroʊz aɪ kən meɪk ɪn tɛn. ðə fərst wən ˈbɑrli meɪks ɪt tɪ ðə frənt əv ðə rɪm, bət aɪ ʧɔk ɪt əp tɪ ðə fækt ðət aɪ hæd ʤɪst bɪn ɪn ðə ʤɪm. eɪt ʃɑts ˈleɪtər, ənd aɪ stɪl hɪt ə ˈsɪŋgəl wən. soʊ aɪ kwɪt. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈhɛdɪŋ əp tɪ ðə rum, ˈtrɛvər ənd aɪ ʤəmp ˈɪntu ðə pul tɪ ˈfʊli ˈmɑrvəl æt ˈlɪvɪŋ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. aɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt wət maɪ laɪf wʊd bi laɪk ɪf aɪ lɪvd hir wɪθ ə ˈbədi əv maɪ oʊn, ənd wərkt ə trəˈdɪʃənəl 9 tɪ 5 æt fərst, ˈprɑbəˌbli bi ˈprɪti greɪt. kəm hoʊm frəm wərk ənd du ɪgˈzæktli wət wi dɪd ðɪs ˈivnɪŋ: rən, lɪft, pleɪ ˈbæskətˌbɔl, ənd swɪm. bət ðɛn aɪ fil laɪk nid ə goʊl tɪ ʧeɪs; ʤɪst ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ meɪk iʧ deɪ ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt mɔr ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ. ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli waɪ ˈtɑmi ɪz ˈrənɪŋ əˈnəðər ˈmɛrəˌθɑn ɪn ə ˈkəpəl wiks. waɪl ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ˈtrɛvər tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ hɪz ʃaʊər, aɪ ʤəmp ˈɪntu ðə ˈlɑkər ˈsɔnə. ðə stim ɪz tu dɛns tɪ si maɪ hænd ɪn frənt əv maɪ feɪs. ɛz aɪ teɪk ə sit tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə hit, maɪ maɪnd ˈflæʃɪz bæk tɪ ðə rən ənd wərdz. aɪ meɪd ə fju ˈsækrəˌfaɪsɪz ɪn ðə ˌkɛrɪˈbiən, bət wən wik əv ˈrənɪŋ waɪl ɔn veɪˈkeɪʃən ɪgˈzæktli ˌsupərˈhjumən, ər səm ˌgrændiˈoʊs ˈɛfərt. bət ˈmeɪbi ʤɪst ðə ˈmaɪndˌsɛt. ənd aɪ gɛs waɪ wi ər ˈhɛdɪd tɪ ˈflægˌstæf fər ðə traɪ ənd dɪˈzərv ɪt. ˈʤænjuˌɛri 4 ˈɛvəri 24 jɪr oʊld ɪz ɪn ə pərˈpɛʧuəl steɪt əv kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈgɪtɪŋ ə dɔg. rəˈgɑrdləs əv hɪz ʧuɪŋ əp ʃu, aɪ hæd ˈfɑlən ɪn ləv wɪθ ðə pəp ðə ˈpriviəs naɪt. bət æt aɪ æm baɪ ə ˈθəndərəs stæmˈpid əv ə dɔg ˈrənɪŋ θru ðə əˈpɑrtmənt. ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ kən pʊt əp maɪ dɪˈfɛnsɪz, maɪ feɪs ɪz biɪŋ lɪkt ənd aɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns ə pik ˈɪntu pəˈtɛnʃəl fˈjuʧər wɪθ riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti. ðɛr wɪl bi noʊ dɔgz fər mi ˈɛniˌtaɪm sun. ˈtrɛvər ɪz fæst əsˈlip ɔn ðə kaʊʧ ˌbiˈsaɪd mi. ˈsəmˌhaʊ hi həz ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr ðə kəˈmoʊʃən. maɪ noʊz ɪz stɪl stəft əp, ənd ðɛr ɪz ə paɪl əv rɪpt ˈtɪʃuz ˈhaɪdɪŋ bɪˈniθ maɪ ˈpɪloʊ. aɪ traɪ tɪ sˈnɪfəl ənd bloʊ ðə gʊk aʊt wɪˈθaʊt ˈweɪkɪŋ ðə hoʊl əˈpɑrtmənt. lɔŋ rən ʃʊd bi fən. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈpʊtɪŋ maɪ ˈkɑnˌtækts ɪn, ˈwɑndərɪŋ wɪθ ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti. aɪ ˈstəmbəl ɔn ən ˌɛˈsprɛsoʊ məˈʃin ðət əˈpɪrz nis ɪˈnəf tɪ ˈmɛrət oʊn ˈkɔfi ʃɑp. ˈmeɪbi aɪ ʃʊd gɪt ə ril ʤɑb soʊ aɪ kʊd əˈfɔrd ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈsɪmələr. ə frut boʊl ˈoʊvər ˈpɔrɪŋ wɪθ bəˈnænəz. hu wʊd ˈpɑsəbli ˈnoʊtɪs wən ˈmɪsɪŋ? aɪ teɪk ə sit æt ðə ˈkaʊntər ənd kræk ˈoʊpən maɪ bʊk, idiot’*’ ənd weɪt. ˈæftər ən aʊər əv ˈrɛdɪŋ ənd tu əˌmɛrɪˈkɑnoʊz ˈleɪtər, dɑn ənd ˈtɑmi di ər əˈweɪk ənd ˈstɑrtɪŋ ðɛr oʊn ˈmɔrnɪŋ ruˈtin. ˈɛvriˌwən həz hɪz ər hər oʊn ˈhæbəts ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈɛfərt. aɪ æm ˈoʊnli goʊɪŋ 16 ər soʊ təˈdeɪ ˈrəðər ðən maɪ ˈnɔrməl 18 ˈɛvəri θərd ər fɔrθ wik, aɪ teɪk ə daʊn wik tɪ rɪˈkəvər, ənd wɪθ tu flaɪts ənd ə lɔt əv ɪkˈsaɪtmənt, ðɪs wɑz ən əˈproʊpriˌeɪt taɪm. bət ˈtɑmi ɪz ˈtunɪŋ əp fər hɪz reɪs, ənd wɑz ˈplænɪŋ ɔn 10 ˈizi, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ əˈnəðər maɪəlz æt 540 peɪs. dɑn ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ ʤɔɪn ɪm fər ðə hoʊl θɪŋ, ənd ˈtrɛvər ənd aɪ hæv bɪn koʊərst tɪ lɪŋk əp fər ɑr ˈpɔrʃən. wi hɛd aʊt ðə dɔr ənd ˈtɑmi ɪz ˈkɛriɪŋ ə strɪŋ bæg ðət goʊɪŋ tɪ drɔp aʊt ɔn ðə kɔrs. ɪt həz ˈwɔtər, ʤɛlz, ənd ə pɛr əv ˈreɪsɪŋ flæts. ˈtrɛvər ɪz rɪˈnaʊn fər hɪz əˈbɪləˌti tɪ roʊl aʊt əv bɛd ənd rən ən ˈɑnəst peɪs. ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv, bət kʊd bi əˈnɔɪɪŋ. ɪt juzd tɪ bi ə lɔt wərs, ðoʊ ˈæftər ˈkaʊntləs snaɪd ˈkɑmɛnts θru ðə jɪrz, hi həz daɪəld ɪt bæk ənd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈɪʃu. bət hi stɪl teɪks tɪ ðə frənt ənd wi ər təkt ɪn bɪˈhaɪnd. kaɪnd əv nis tɪ hæv ə bɪlt ɪn ˈræbɪt tɪ ðə grup. ðə pæθ ɪz ə bɪt məˈnɑtənəs, ˌbiˈsaɪdz ə gɔlf kɔrs ðət wi kət θru ə fju maɪəlz aʊt ɔn ðə treɪl. ə fju ˈoʊldər ˈʤɛnəlmɪn wɪʃ ˈjuˈɛs ə gʊd ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ənd ˈʤoʊkɪŋli ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ʤɔɪn ðɛm fər ðɛr raʊnd. ˈlæfɪŋ bɪˈkəz wən əv ðɛm səˈʤɛsts ðət wi pɪkt ðə rɔŋ spɔrt. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt ɪn ðə rən, aɪ ˈʧəkəl æt ðə ʤoʊk. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn 8 mɔr maɪəlz aɪ meɪ bi mɔr ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ əˈgri wɪθ ðɛr pɔɪnt. ðə dɪˈskəʃən tərnz tɪ kɛn ˈkɔrmiər, ðə 2004 ˈnæʃənəl ˈʧæmpiən hu ɪz ərˈɪʤənəli frəm ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə. ə ˈkəpəl wiks əˈgoʊ ə ˈpɑpjələr ˈrənɪŋ nuz saɪt roʊt ə ɪz hi now?’*?’ taɪp ˈɑrtɪkəl, əˈbaʊt ðə gaɪ hu wəns ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd prɛp ˈkrɔˌskəntri. ˈæftər ˈrənɪŋ fər ə ˈkəpəl jɪrz æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈɑrkənˌsɑ, kɛn hæd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˌriˈtaɪər ənd ʤɔɪn ðə mərˈinz ɛz ə sˈnaɪpər, ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli biɪŋ dɪˈplɔɪd tɪ æfˈgænəˌstæn. hi wɑz noʊn fər ˈrənɪŋ ən ənˈril əˈmaʊnt əv ˈmaɪlɪʤ fər ə haɪ skul kɪd, ˈəpwərdz əv 120 maɪəlz pər wik, bət hæd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ muv ɔn tɪ ðə nɛkst steɪʤ əv laɪf. aɪ stɑrt tɪ ʃɛr wɪθ ðə gaɪz ðət kɛn hæd bɪn maɪ kæmp ˈkaʊnsələr fər ə ˈkəpəl jɪrz wɪn aɪ wɑz ˈjəŋgər. ə lɔt əv ɑr rənz hæd bɪn wɪθ ʤɪst ðə tu əv ˈjuˈɛs, ənd ɛz ə jəŋ ˈdrimər, hi wɑz ə wɛlθ əv ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən. wɪn fərst ˈstɑrtɪŋ aʊt, ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl. ˈɛni ˈgɪvɪn ˈsizən kʊd bi ðə ˈbreɪˌkaʊt, ənd ɪf ju wərk hɑrd ɪˈnəf, jʊr ˈbɑdi kən lərn tɪ du θɪŋz ˈnɛvər ɪkˈspɛkt. ˈhirɪŋ hɪz ˈstɔri ˌɪmˈprɪnɪd mi wɪθ ðət bɪˈlif. aɪ stɪl bɪˈliv ɪt tɪ bi [ˈmoʊstli] tru. wi stroʊl θru 10 maɪəlz ɪn əˈbaʊt 68 ˈmɪnəts, nɑt tu fæst, bət ˈɑnəst ɪˈnəf. wi stɑp soʊ ðət ˈtɑmi kən ʧeɪnʤ aʊt hɪz ʃuz fər ə ˈlaɪtər pɛr, ənd fər ə kwɪk ˈbæθˌrum breɪk. dɑn ənd aɪ boʊθ teɪk ə ˈsɪŋgəl ni tɪ ðə graʊnd fər ə ˈstɛlθi pɪs. ˈæftər ə sɪp əv ˈwɔtər, wi sɛt bæk ɔn ðə pæθ ənd roʊl ˈɪntu ə swɪft peɪs. ðə fərst 3 maɪəlz ər ə hɛr əˈbəv 540 peɪs, ənd ˈmaɪnəs ə ˈhɛvi doʊs əv mˈjukəs, aɪ fil faɪn. bət ɛz sun ɛz wi tərn, ə gəst əv wɪnd hɪts ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ðə feɪs, ənd aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət wi hæd bɪn ˈrənɪŋ wɪθ ðə briz. noʊ ˈwəndər ɪt wɑz soʊ ˈizi. ˈtrɛvər ənd aɪ ʃɛr ðə lɛd, ənd kip ɪt ˈɑnəst, əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈtɑmi ənd dɑn tɪ sɪt ɪn ɑr dræft sɪns ˈrənɪŋ sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli mɔr. aɪ kip ˈʧɛkɪŋ maɪ wɔʧ, ˈkaʊntɪŋ daʊn ðə ˈsɛkəndz ənˈtɪl wi ər ˈfɪnɪʃt. aɪ æm nɑt ˈstrəgəlɪŋ, bət aɪ hæv fɛlt ˈbɛtər ənd æm ˈstrædlɪŋ ðə laɪn əv ðə ˈkəmfərt zoʊn. wi ˈfɪnɪʃ əp ʤɪst bɪˈloʊ ðə 540 θˈrɛˌʃoʊld wi hæd eɪmd fər, ənd ˈtrɛvər ənd aɪ ʤɑg ɪt ɪn fər 17 ɔn ðə deɪ. maɪ raɪt ˈəpər θaɪ ɪz tɔrn əp ənd rɑ. aɪ hæv bɪn ðə læst wik, bət aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz haʊ bæd ɪt ɪz ənˈtɪl wi ər əˈbaʊt ˈfɪnɪʃt. ˈoʊnli ə ˈlɪtəl bləd. ˈtrɛvər ənd aɪ kˈwɪkli ʃaʊər, gɪt ʧeɪnʤd ˈɪntu strit kloʊðz ənd ʧəg səm ˈlɪkwɪdz. wi græb ə ˈkəpəl ˈɛnərʤi bɑrz ɛz wi hɛd aʊt ðə dɔr, ənd plæn tɪ mit ðə gaɪz æt ðə ˈfɪnɪʃ fər ə ˈlɪtəl ɛnˈkərɪʤmənt ənd ˌkɑmərˈɑdəri. ʤɪst ɛz wi ər ˈwɔkɪŋ əp, wi si ðɛm ˈfɪnɪʃ ənd θroʊ səm ðɛr weɪ. faɪərd əp. ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈtæli wɑz 22 maɪəlz, wɪθ ðə læst 12 æt 530 peɪs. ðə ˈkloʊzɪŋ maɪl wɑz 508 ˈtɑmi hæd ˈklɪrli bɪn ˈdaʊnˌpleɪɪŋ hɪz ˈfɪtnəs ɔl əv ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. sɪns ərˈaɪvɪŋ, ˈtɑmi həz bɪn ˈreɪvɪŋ əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt lənʧ spɑt. wi gɪt ɑr bægz təˈgɛðər soʊ wi kən gɪt ðə ˈrɛntəl kɑr ənd hɛd əp tɪ ðə ˈmaʊntənz ˈæftər ˈitɪŋ. ɛz sun ɛz wi sɪt daʊn aɪ gɪt ə tɛkst frəm maɪ ˈgərlˌfrɛnd, pəˈtrɪʃə, hu ɪz bæk ist. fər ˈkrɪsməs aɪ hæd ˈgɪvɪn hər ə ˈvaʊʧər fər ə flaɪt tɪ kəm ˈvɪzɪt mi ɪn ˈflægˌstæf. ˈpɑrʃəli bɪˈkəz aɪ wɔnt tɪ goʊ ə fʊl mənθ wɪˈθaʊt siɪŋ hər, bət ˈivɪn mɔr soʊ, aɪ wɔnt hər tɪ si ðə grænd ˈkænjən. nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ wərk ðoʊ. ʃi gɪt ɔf wərk, ənd aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd, bət aɪ æm ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd ənd traɪ tɪ kənˈvɪns hər ˈəðərˌwaɪz. ə noʊ goʊ. ənd aɪ θɪŋk ʃi kən sɛns aɪ æm ˈəpˌsɛt. soʊ wi stɑrt ˈplænɪŋ ə ˈdɪfərənt trɪp fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ teɪk ˈæftər ðə ˈɪnˌdɔr ˈsizən. aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz aɪ hæv bɪn zoʊnd aʊt ðɪs ɪnˈtaɪər mil, ənd əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz tɪ ðə gaɪz. ðeɪ ˈnoʊtɪst. wi wɪʃ ˈtɑmi ˌgʊdˈbaɪ, ənd θæŋk ɪm fər ðə ˌhɑspəˈtæləti. wi gɪt ðə kɑr ˈæftər lɔŋ ˈɑrgjəmənts wɪθ ðə əˈtɛndənt ənd ˈmɛni məˈtɪkjələs ˈridɪŋz əv ɔl ˈkɑnˌtrækts. ˈməðər ɪz ə ˈlɔjər, ənd ˈɑbviəs raɪt naʊ. hi ɑpts aʊt əv ðə ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns, ənd səˈlɪdəˌfaɪz hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈdraɪvər əv ðɪs kɑr. ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ə ˈfæməli əv ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈseɪlzmɪn, aɪ dɪsəˈgri wɪθ ðə muv. ˈgɪtɪŋ leɪt, ənd wi wɪl ˈoʊnli si ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈflæʃɪz əv ˈsənˌsɛt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈmaʊntənz blɑk ˈjuˈɛs aʊt. ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈsteɪʃənz trænzˈmɪt, ənd ə ˈpisfəl ˈkəmfərt ɪn ðə ˈsaɪləns. lɛft ðə keɪɑs əv ðə ˌnɔrˈθist fər ðɪs ˈrizən. dɑn faɪndz ə ˈklæsɪkəl ˈsteɪʃən ðət ɪz ˈhəmɪŋ vɪˈvɑldi. aɪ ˈwəndər wət θɪŋk əv ˈleɪdi ˈgɑˌgə. ʤɪst nɔɪz, ər kʊd hi si ðə əˈpil? ˈʤəmpɪŋ θri ˈhənərd jɪrz ɪn ðə prəˈgrɛʃən əv mˈjuzɪk maɪt bi kənfˈjuzɪŋ. aɪ hæv bɪn tɪ ˈflægˌstæf wəns ˌbiˈfɔr ɔn ə roʊd trɪp wɪθ ə fju frɛndz. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ɛnd tɪ ə ˈtɛrəbəl ˈsizən, aɪ ˈnidɪd taɪm tɪ θɪŋk. soʊ wi gɑt ɪn ðə kɑr ənd droʊv ðə hoʊl ˈkəntri. wi hæd stɑpt ɪn taʊn fər brənʧ. ɛz wi pʊl ˈɪntu ðə ˈdraɪvˌweɪ ənd ən ˈæŋʃəs ˈɛnərʤi tɪ rən ˌɪnˈsaɪd ənd si wɛr bi ˈlɪvɪŋ. ðə dɔr ɪz pʊʃt ˈoʊpən ənd wi ər ˈskrimɪŋ wɪθ ɪkˈsaɪtmənt. ðɛr ɪz ˈrənɪŋ frəm rum tɪ rum, ˈtərnɪŋ ɔl ðə laɪts ɔn ənd ˈjɛlɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə saɪz əv ðə showerheads*. ʤɪst ə ˈnɔrməl haʊs. bət ɑr haʊs. wi ˈoʊpən ðə bæk ʃeɪdz ənd ə haɪ skul træk ɪn ɑr jɑrd. laɪk dɑn plænd ðɪs. ðɛr ər θri kwin ˈmætrəsɪz, wən ˈbɛˌdrum wɪθ ə sɛt əv bəŋk bɛdz, ənd ə ˈsɛkənd ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈɛriə ɪn ðə ˈbeɪsmənt wɪθ ə ˈfutɑn. dɑn ˈraɪtfəli gɪts hɪz fərst ʧɔɪs ənd teɪks ə rum tɪ hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn ðə ˈbeɪsmənt. ðə ˈbæθˌrum əˈkrɔs ðə hɔl həz ə ˈlɑkər rum staɪl ʃaʊər, ənd ɪˈnəf speɪs tɪ sɪt ənd strɛʧ wɪn bi tu ɪgˈzɔstɪd tɪ stænd post-run*. ˈtrɛvər ənd aɪ teɪk wən fər ðə tim, ənd aɪ gɪt ðə ˈbɑtəm. ðə gaɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪn təˈmɑˌroʊ ˈhoʊpfəli əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðɪs ˈʤɛsʧər. ɑr ˈstəməks ər wəns əˈgɛn ˈgroʊlɪŋ. ðɪs ˈhæpənz ˈæftər lɔŋ rənz. wi sɛt ɔf tɪ mit əp wɪθ ɑleɪˈjɑndroʊ, hu ɪz naʊ ɪn græd skul æt noʊ. ə ˈfɔrmər ˈtiˌmeɪt əv dɑn ənd ˈtrɛvər frəm ˈprɪnstən. aɪ juzd tɪ heɪt ɔl ðiz gaɪz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wɔr ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈjunəˌfɔrm. naʊ frɛndz. wi ər ˈhɛdɪd tɪ ə ˈmɛksəkən pleɪs bɪn ɔn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ə fju taɪmz. ðət ɛnˈdɔrsmənt ɪz ˈplɛnti. aɪ fərst ˈrɪli mɛt ɑleɪˈjɑndroʊ æt ə reɪs ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ɪn 2012 aɪ wɑz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə ˈjuˈɛs æt 1500 ənd hi wɑz ˈrənɪŋ ðə fər ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ. ðə ˈsteɪdiəm wɑz ʤɪst ˈmɪnəts frəm wɛr hi groʊ əp. ɛz wi flɪp θru ðə ˈmɛnju ˈæskɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt wət iʧ dɪʃ ɪz, hi ˈænsərz ˈjuˈɛs laɪk ə tʊr gaɪd. hi ˈjuzɪz hɪz hænz ə lɔt wɪn hi tɔks, ənd hɪz aɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ɪz θəroʊ. riˈfrɛʃɪŋli pəˈlaɪt. ˈspænɪʃ ɪz hɪz fərst ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ənd hɪz ˈækˌsɛnt ɪz ˈsipɪŋ θru. fən tɪ ˈlɪsən tɪ. ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ɑleɪˈjɑndroʊ ˈjuˈɛs noʊ ðət hi həz səm nuz; ˈlivɪŋ skul. bərnt aʊt ɔn ɪt. maɪ maɪnd ˈflæʃɪz tɪ ðɪs ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən əv kɛn ˈkɔrmiər. bɪn əˈweɪ frəm hoʊm fər ˈsɛvən jɪrz, ənd ðə ˈklæsɪz ər ˈlivɪŋ ɪm ə bɪt ˈɛmti ənd ˈwɑnɪŋ ə breɪk. æm ə pərˈfɛkʃənɪst. aɪ laɪk tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ ənˈlɛs aɪ æm ˈfʊli ɪn ɪt, ənd skul ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtɪŋ mi raɪt naʊ. aɪ wərkt soʊ hɑrd fər jɪrz, ənd aɪ nid ə breɪk. aɪ θɔt aɪ kʊd goʊ raɪt ˈɪntu ɪt, bət aɪ nid tɪ rɪˈlæks. aɪ nid mi taɪm. aɪ æm goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf sɪks months.’*.’ ðɪs ɪz ə ˈsoʊbərɪŋ ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən tɪ hæv. wi hæd ˈæˌkʧuəli ɔˈrɛdi noʊn ðɪs. ˈtɑmi hæd ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ˈjuˈɛs ˈərliər, bət wi lɛt ɑleɪˈjɑndroʊ noʊ wi wər ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ ðə nuz. wi æsk ɪm ə fju kˈwɛsʧənz, ənd prəˈvaɪd səm səˈpɔrtɪv ˈkɑmɛnts. hi sim strɛst əˈbaʊt ɪt ðoʊ. ðə weɪt həz bɪn ˈlɪftɪd bɪˈkəz ðə dɪˈsɪʒən həz bɪn meɪd. hi kən brið naʊ. ɑleɪˈjɑndroʊ muvz ɔn ənd stɑrts ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ wi nid tɪ noʊ əˈbaʊt ˈflægˌstæf. hi bɪn hir lɔŋ, bət stɪl ˈlɔŋgər ðən ˈjuˈɛs. ðə lɪst goʊz ɔn, bət ðə truθ ɪz, ˈprɑbəˌbli bi ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈbɔrɪŋ ðə nɛkst mənθ. wi keɪm fər ðə treɪlz. aɪ ˈɔrdərd ðə waitress’*’ ˈfeɪvərɪt pleɪt. ˈɔlˌweɪz trəst ðə ˈɛkspərt. ɪt ɪz ˈoʊvərˌfloʊɪŋ wɪθ fud, ənd ʤɪst hɑt ɪˈnəf tɪ breɪk ə laɪt swɛt. wɪθ iʧ baɪt aɪ əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz wɪθ ˈmɑdərˌeɪt ɪmˈbɛrəsmənt tɪ ɑleɪˈjɑndroʊ fər maɪ læk əv spaɪs ˈtɑlərəns. hjuˈmɪliˌeɪtɪŋ tɪ bi ˈpætɪŋ maɪ ˈfɔrhɛd wɪθ ə ˈnæpkɪn. ɔn ðə raɪd hoʊm, ˈtrɛvər ənd dɑn ər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ liv skul. ðeɪ rɪˈmeɪn ˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk ənd ˌriəˈʃʊrɪŋ ˈivɪn ˈæftər wi hæv sɛd ˌgʊdˈbaɪ. hi toʊld hɪz frɛndz, ˈkoʊʧɪz, ˈruˌmeɪts ər ˈɛniˌwən ɛls ɪn ˈflægˌstæf jɛt. bət æt list bɪn ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd. ˈʤænjuˌɛri 5 læst naɪt dɪd nɑt goʊ wɛl. aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər slɛpt ɪn ə ˈbɑtəm bəŋk ˌbiˈfɔr, bət aɪ fɛlt laɪk aɪ wɑz ɪn ə pɑd ɔn ə ˈspeɪsˌʃɪp. ðə loʊ ˈsilɪŋ meɪd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˌklɔstrəˈfoʊbɪk. ðə haʊs sɪts ʤɪst əˈbəv 6900 ft*. ənd ðə ˈæltəˌtud meɪks sˈlipɪŋ ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk waɪl fərst acclimating*. ˈblædərz bɪˈkəm ˈoʊvərˈæktɪv, ˈbriðɪŋ ɪz mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt, θroʊts gɪt draɪ ənd ɔl drimz ər ˈlusɪd. baɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, aɪ hæd bɪn ɪn θri ˈdɪfərənt bɛdz traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈkəmfərtəbəl, ənd hæd ˈoʊnli ə fju aʊərz əsˈlip. ˈtrɛvər ɪz ʤɪst ˈwɔkɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə haʊs ɛz aɪ roʊl aʊt əv bɛd æt. hi həz ə fju bægz əv ˈgroʊsəriz ɪn hænd. aɪ pʊt ɔn səm ˈoʊvərˌsaɪzd wʊl sɑks aɪ gɑt fər ˈkrɪsməs, ənd græb maɪ bʊk ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsɪtɪŋ ɔn ðə kaʊʧ. ðɪs ɪz haʊ aɪ noʊ aɪ hæv groʊn əp. sɑks, sˈwɛtərz, bʊks, ə frɛnʧ prɛs ənd ə nis ˈblæŋkɪt naʊ ˈkɑnstəˌtut ə greɪt ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ gift-haul*. hɪz naɪt əˈpɛrəntli wɛnt ðə seɪm weɪ ɛz maɪn. ðɛr ɪz noʊ saɪn əv dɑn. læst naɪt hi hæd bɪn kəmˈpleɪnɪŋ əˈbaʊt hɪz θroʊt ənd hi ˈsaʊndɪd ˈnərvəs əˈbaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ sɪk. hi θru aʊt ðə ˈkreɪzi aɪˈdiə əv ˈpɑsəbli ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə deɪ ɔf. ðə dɑn aɪ noʊ teɪk deɪz ɔf, soʊ aɪ kən ˈoʊnli ˌɪˈmæʤən haʊ məʧ hɪz θroʊt məst bi ˈbɑðərɪŋ ɪm. aɪ kən hir ðə ˈskɪlət ˈgɪtɪŋ goʊɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkɪʧən, ənd ðə smɛl ɪz ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ. ˈtrɛvər ɪz fraɪɪŋ əp səm ɛgz, ənd ˈgreɪʃəsli ˈɔfərz mi səm. ˈmɛməriz əv ɑr taɪm ɪn ˈɔstən keɪm bæk tɪ mi. ə greɪt ˈpərsən tɪ lɪv wɪθ fər ˈrizənz laɪk ðɪs. wi teɪk ə sit æt ðə ˈkaʊntər ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ə smɔl ˈbrɛkfəst. ˈrəðər ðən ə kəp əv ˈkɔfi, aɪ ɑpt tɪ drɪŋk səm ənd teɪk maɪ aɪərn pɪlz. wi ər hir spəˈsɪfɪkli tɪ bust ɑr rɛd bləd sɛlz. ənd ðə kæˈfin wʊd blɑk ðə aɪərn əbˈzɔrpʃən, bət ənˈfɔrʧənətli aɪ æm stɪl taɪərd. dɑn ˈfaɪnəli ˈstəmbəlz ˈɪntu ðə ˈkɪʧən ə bɪt ˌbiˈfɔr 10 hɪz fərst kˈwɛʃən, wɪn ər wi ˈrənɪŋ? aɪ gɛs nɑt ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə deɪ ɔf. ðə ˈwɛðər ˈfɔrˌkæst ɪz pʊld əp ɔn ə foʊn, bət ˈprɑpər drɛs ɪz stɪl æmˈbɪgjuəs. ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə dɔr ənd ˈstɛpɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd peɪnts ə ˈbɛtər ˈpɪkʧər. ˈʃɑkɪŋ. ðə trɛnd ɪn ˈflægˌstæf ɪz ˈfrɪʤəd ˈmɔrnɪŋz, ənd wɔrm ˌæftərˈnunz; ˈivɪn ɪn ðə ˈwɪntər. aɪ æm ˈʧætɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈbədi əv maɪn bæk hoʊm, mæt. hi juzd tɪ lɪv ənd treɪn ɪn ˈflægˌstæf, bət naʊ ˈmænɪʤɪz ðə ˈrənɪŋ stɔr aɪ juzd tɪ wərk æt ɪn nu ˈʤərzi. wi keɪm hir blaɪnd. ɪt snoʊd ə fju deɪz əˈgoʊ, soʊ hi ɪz ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ədˈvaɪs əˈbaʊt ðə ˈloʊkəl treɪlz ənd bi klɪr. ɔn hɪz səˈʤɛsʧən, oʊld ˈwɔlˌnət ˈkænjən roʊd ɪz ðə dɪˈsɪʒən. əˈbaʊt ə draɪv frəm ðə haʊs. wi ər ʤɪst ˈaʊtˈsaɪd taʊn, bət ɪt filz laɪk ðə ˈwɪldərnəs hir. ðə roʊd ɪz pækt daʊn dərt soʊ hɑrd ðət ɪt filz laɪk ɪt həz bɪn ˈpurli peɪvd. maɪ ˈbɑdi ɪz ˈbɛgɪŋ fər ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈəðər ðən aɪst ˈoʊvər roʊdz. ðə ˈkeɪdəns stɑrts aʊt kənˈsərvətɪv. ðɪs ɪz ɑr fərst əv ˈmɛni rənz æt ˈæltəˌtud, ənd ðə ˈʤɛnərəl vaɪb ɪz tɪ teɪk ɪt ˈizi. ðə ˌɛləˈveɪʃən ɪn ˌɪtˈsɛlf wɪl bi ðə ˈwərˌkaʊt. dɑn wɔnts tɪ goʊ 7 ˈtrɛvər ənd aɪ wɔnt tɪ goʊ 10 wi ər ˈtrɑtɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ənd ðə ɪkˈsaɪtmənt ɪz ðɪs rən. fər ðɪs mənθ. fər ðɪs ˈsizən. wi meɪd ðə raɪt kɔl ˈkəmɪŋ hir. ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈɑbviəs. ðɛr ər ˈmaʊntən ˈreɪnʤɪz bɪˈhaɪnd ˈjuˈɛs, ənd ðə roʊd ɪz ˈɛndləs. ðə təreɪn ɪz ˈsuðɪŋli ˈənʤəˌleɪtɪŋ, ənd ðə ˈwɛðər ɪz aɪˈdil. wi ər ɔl overdressed*; ðə snoʊ ɔn ðə graʊnd fuld ˈjuˈɛs. ðɪs ɪz wət prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈrənərz du. ðeɪ hæv ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmps æt ˈæltəˌtud, ənd wi ər ɔl ˈfilɪŋ ə bɪt mɔr prəˈfɛʃənəl əˈbaʊt ɑr əˈproʊʧ ðɪs jɪr. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ɑr oʊn kləb, ðɛr ər ˈɔrəˌgɑn træk kləb ˈrənərz, gaɪz frəm kru, ənd ˈəðər ˈskætərd ɪˈlits hir fər ðə mənθ. ənd əv kɔrs ðɛr ər ðə ˈrɛzɪdənts frəm tim rən ˈflægˌstæf, ˈnɔrðərn ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ɪˈlit, ənd bɪɔnd. naʊ wi ər əˈpɑrt əv ɪt. ˈstɛpɪŋ ɔn ðə laɪn ðɪs jɪr, wi wɪl hæv hæd ðə seɪm ˌɑpərˈtunətiz. ˌbiˈfɔr wi ˈriəˌlaɪz, wi ər ˈoʊvər 30 ˈmɪnəts ɪn. dɑn mɪst hɪz tərn ɔn ˈpərpəs. ˈɛvəri stɛp ɪz əˈnəðər stɛp ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ. ˈtrɛvər meɪks ðə dɪˈsɪʒən ənd wi flɪp. æd ɔn ə maɪl ˈæftər wi drɔp ɪm ɔf. ˈtrɛvər hæd ə təf læst jɪr. hi hæd muvd hoʊm, ˈstɑrtɪd ˈkoʊʧɪŋ ˈbæskətˌbɔl æt hɪz oʊld, ənd wɑz məʧ ˈhæpiər ðən aɪ hæd ˈɛvər sin ɪm waɪl wi ər æt ˈtɛksəs. ˈnɔrməli ˈhæpinəs ˌkɔrəˈspɑndz wɪθ fæst taɪmz. bət θɪŋz ˈnɛvər klɪkt, ənd ɪt wɑz laɪk hi wɑz bɪˈhaɪnd frəm deɪ wən ɔn rənz ənd ˈwərˌkaʊts. soʊ hi kɔld hɪz ˈsizən ˈərli ˈæftər səm bæd ˈreɪsɪz, ənd geɪv hɪmˈsɛlf ə juʤ bɪld əp tɪ priˈpɛr fər 2015 ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl gɪv ðɛmˈsɛlvz wən jɪr ˈæftər ˈkɑlɪʤ ənd kaɪnd əv si haʊ θɪŋz ər goʊɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr dɪˈtərmənɪŋ ɪf wərθ kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ. ənd waɪ ˈmaɪndˌsɛt ɪz ˈædmərəbəl. ðət wɑz ˈnɛvər hɪz aɪˈdiə. hi ɪz ɪn ðɪs fər ðə lɔŋ hɔl. wən rəf ˈsizən ɪˈnəf tɪ dɪˈtər ɪm. ənd hi wɑz ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd, bət hi dɪsˈweɪdɪd. ˌɪnˈstɛd hi əpt hɪz ˈmaɪlɪʤ, ʧeɪnʤd hɪz ˈlɪftɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm, bɔt ən ˈæltəˌtud tɛnt, ənd kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈivɪn mɔr slip ənd rɪˈkəvəri. hi dɪd ɪgˈzæktli wət ˈɛvəri koʊʧ wʊd hæv ˈwɔntɪd ɪm tɪ du. wɪʧ ɪz ðə ˈɑpəzɪt əv wət wʊd hæv bɪn ˈiziər. ˈtrɛvər ɪz fɪt. hi stɑrts ɔf ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðət hi ɪz ɪn ðə bɛst ʃeɪp əv hɪz laɪf. aɪ dɪsəˈgri, bət ðɪs ɪz ə ˈkɑmən θɪŋ fər ˈpipəl tɪ seɪ ðət ˈɔlˌweɪz kaɪnd əv ərks mi. ðə ˈoʊnli taɪm ðət ju ʃʊd ˈrɪli bi seɪɪŋ ɪn ðə bɛst ʃeɪp əv maɪ life’*’ ɪz raɪt ˈæftər ju sɛt ə ˈpərsɪnəl bɛst. wi hæv ˈreɪsɪz tɪ pruv ˈfɪtnəs. ðɛr ɪz ə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin biɪŋ strɔŋ frəm ˈrənɪŋ ə lɔt əv ˈmaɪlɪʤ, ənd biɪŋ ˈrɛdi tɪ pɑp ə swɪft 1500 bət hi dɪz hæv ə pɔɪnt, bɪˈkəz hi ɪz baɪ fɑr ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˈɛvər bɪn. naʊ hi bɪˈgɪnz tɪ goʊ ɔf əˈbaʊt haʊ hi ɪz ˈlækɪŋ pɑp. ðət wɑz maɪ pɔɪnt! hi sɪz hi ɪz ˈlækɪŋ spid, ənd hɪz plæn tɪ gɪt səm bæk ɪz tɪ du ə ˈbɛtər ʤɑb ˈstrɛʧɪŋ ənd rɪˈkəvərɪŋ, ənd ˈhoʊpɪŋ ðət ɪt brɪŋz səm laɪf bæk ˈɪntu hɪz lɛgz fər ðə fæst deɪz. aɪ kənˈtɛnd ðɪs. ɪf ju wɔnt pɑp, ju nid tɪ bæk ɔf ˈmaɪlɪʤ. ju hæv pɑp waɪl ˈrənɪŋ ˌɔlˈtaɪm ˈmaɪlɪʤ haɪz, bət wəns ju bæk ɔf, ðə spərɪŋ wɪl rɪˈtərn. hi læfs æt ðɪs aɪˈdiə, ənd ʃuts ɪt daʊn ˈɪnstəntli. ðɛr ɪz noʊ weɪ ˈbækɪŋ ɔf ˈmaɪlɪʤ, soʊ hi həz tɪ faɪnd əˈnəðər weɪ. pərˈhæps səm plyos*, ər ə ʃeɪk əp tɪ hɪz ˈlɪftɪŋ ruˈtin. əˈgɛn, aɪ ˈɑrgju. ɪf ju wɔnt pɑp, ju nid tɪ spɛnd lɛs taɪm ɔn jʊr hæv boʊθ. dɑn ɪz ˈʃeɪkɪŋ hɪz hɛd ɛz wi ˈræmbəl ɔn ðɪs ˈtænʤənt fər ðə tɛnθ ˈmɪnət. hi hæv ən əˈpɪnjən, əˈsaɪd frəm ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt. ə ˈkəpəl maɪəlz aʊt wi tərn ðə ˈkɔrnər ənd si θri ˈrənərz ˈkəmɪŋ ɑr weɪ. ˈɑbviəs gʊd. ɔl əv ðɛr fɔrm ɪz smuð, ənd ɪn half-tights*. tu ˈgɪvəˌweɪz. wi pæs baɪ ənd ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈplɛzəntriz. səm əv ðə ˈɔrəˌgɑn træk kləb gaɪz,, bɛn, ənd tɑm. wi gɪt bæk tɪ ðə kɑz ənd dɑn ɪz dən, ənd ˈtrɛvər ənd aɪ sɛt ɔf fər wən mɔr maɪl. wi ˈoʊnli hæv tɪ goʊ ə fju ˈmɪnəts aʊt, ˈvərʧuəli ˈnəθɪŋ ənd ɪt filz laɪk wi ər ˈstilɪŋ ˈmaɪlɪʤ. ˈæftər ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ əp, wi du səm daɪˈnæmɪk ˈstrɛʧɪz ənd drɪlz. ðiz ər ðə ˈlɪtəl θɪŋz ðət wi ˈprɑməst ɑrˈsɛlvz du. ʤɪst ɛz wi ər ˈsɛtɪŋ ɔf tɪ goʊ, ðə gaɪz kəm bæk ˈoʊvər ðə hɪl. wi ʃeɪk hænz, seɪ heɪ, ənd gɪt ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈflægˌstæf. ðeɪ hæv səm mɔr ɪkˈspɪriəns hir ðən ˈjuˈɛs. ðə ˈlɔŋgər bɪn ɪn ðə spɔrt, ðə mɔr ju si ðə seɪm ˈfeɪsɪz. ənd aɪ spɛnt səm taɪm təˈgɛðər ɪn ˈaɪərlənd ðɪs pæst ˈsəmər, hɪz hoʊm. hi ʤɪst gɑt bæk frəm ə ˈwiˌkɪnd æt ðə roʊz boʊl ɪn ˌpæsəˈdinər ənd aɪ æsk ɪm haʊ ɪt wɑz. tɑm ənd bɛn stɑrt ˈlæfɪŋ, ənd aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ɪt lʊks laɪk aɪ ʤɪst tʊk ə ˈfrɛndli ʤæb æt ɪm sɪns hɪz tim, ˈflɔrɪdə steɪt, lɔst. ðɪs aɪ fərˈgɑt. bɛn ɪz frəm ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə, ənd tɑm ɪz frəm ðə uk*. iʧ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈækˌsɛnt ɪz ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ðə nɛkst. wi gɪt ə ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃən əv wɛr tɪ goʊ fər brənʧ, ənd pɑrt weɪz. wi mit ɑleɪˈjɑndroʊ æt, wɪʧ lʊks fəˈmɪljər. ðɪs ɪz ðə wən spɑt ɪn ˈflægˌstæf aɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz. ə ˈtrɛndi ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən café*é, wɪθ ə ˈmɑdərn woods-vibe*. wəns ðə ˈkɔfi həz kuld tɪ bi ˈdrɪnkəbəl, aɪ ʧəg ɪt ɔl. hi fɪlz ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ɔn ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɪθ hɪz koʊʧ ənd sɪz hi filz gʊd əˈbaʊt ɪt. ɪt wɑz ˈhændəld prəˈfɛʃənəli, ənd ˈɑnəstli. hi həz ˈnəθɪŋ bət ˈpɑzətɪv θɪŋz tɪ seɪ əˈbaʊt hɪz ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈrənɪŋ fər ˈnɔrðərn ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə. ɪt ʤɪst ðə raɪt taɪm ɪn hɪz laɪf tɪ bi ðɛr. ɛz dɑn ɪz ˈpʊlɪŋ ðə kɑr aʊt, ə waɪt trək kəmz əp frəm bɪˈhaɪnd ənd stɑrts əˈgrɛsɪvli ˈhɔŋkɪŋ æt ˈjuˈɛs. hi ˈpænɪks ə bɪt, ɛz ðə læk əv ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ɪz ə ˈkɑnstənt ˈstrɛsər tɪ hɪz maɪnd. bət ə ˈfrɛndli weɪv aʊt ðə ˈwɪndoʊ ʃoʊz ə fəˈmɪljər feɪs. wɪl ənd ˈaɪʃə ər ˈpʊlɪŋ əp frəm bɪˈhaɪnd tɪ teɪk ɑr spɑt. aɪ hɑp aʊt əv ðə kɑr tɪ seɪ hɛˈloʊ. wɪl ɪz ə bɪt əv ə ˈnoʊˌmæd. hɪz koʊʧ, rɑn, ɪz beɪst ɪn ˈmɪʃɪgən, bət hi ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈʤəmpɪŋ əraʊnd. ˈaɪʃə, hɪz ˈgərlˌfrɛnd, lɪvz ɪn ˈjuʤin ənd rənz fər, soʊ hi ɪz ˌəndərˈstændəbli ðɛr ˈɔfən. hi spɛnt ə wik wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs ɪn nu ˈʤərzi ˈdʊrɪŋ sɛpˈtɛmbər ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈævəˌnu maɪl. wɪl gɪvz ˈjuˈɛs ə bɪg ˈwɛlkəmɪŋ ɪmˈbreɪs. ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈædvəˌkeɪt fər ðɪs pleɪs. hɪz hɛr ɪz biɪŋ wɔrn lɔŋ, ənd ɪn ə ˈpoʊniˌteɪl. hɪz ˈsɪgnəʧər bɪrd ɪz fʊl. æt səm pɔɪnt ɪn ðə jɪr, ɪt wɪl moʊst ˈlaɪkli bɪˈkəm ə ˈməˌstæʃ. aɪ ˌɪnˈvaɪt ðɛm ˈoʊvər fər ˈdɪnər təˈnaɪt, ənd θroʊ aʊt ɪn ən ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən tɪ rən ˈsəmˌtaɪm ˈleɪtər ɪn ðə wik. ʤɪst ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈsɛtəld ˈɪntu ðɛr haʊs ðət kɔl hoʊm fər ðə nɛkst mənθ ənd ə hæf. wi hɑp bæk ˈɪntu ðə kɑr, bət si tu mɔr fəˈmɪljər ˈfeɪsɪz wɔk pæst ðə kɑr ɛz wi du. ˈmævərɪk ənd həˈsɑn. ˈmævərɪk lʊkt æt ɑr grup ðɪs pæst fɔl, ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ʤɔɪnd, bət ˌɪnˈstɛd wɛnt tɪ ˈmɪʃɪgən tɪ bi koʊʧt baɪ rɑn. ðɛr ər noʊ hɑrd ˈfilɪŋz fər nɑt ˈkəmɪŋ. ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. iʧ əv ðə grups həz ðɛr strɛŋθs ənd ˈwiknəsɪz, ənd ðeɪ laɪn əp ˈdɪfərˈɛntli dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈpərsən. həˈsɑn ɪz ɪn ðə kru, ənd ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ si frəm ðə loʊ kɑr. bət ɛz ˈlæŋki ɛz ðeɪ kəm. pərˈhæps waɪ hi ræn soʊ fæst læst jɪr. ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu taʊn ənd siɪŋ soʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ɪz noʊ ril ʃɑk. ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz hir. ənd ˈivɪn ɪf ju ˈpərsənəli noʊ ˈɛvriˌwən, ju æt list noʊ əv ðɛm. ju noʊ haʊ fæst ðeɪ ræn læst jɪr, wɛr ðeɪ lɪv, wət ˈkɑlɪʤ ðeɪ əˈtɛndəd, ənd hu ˈdeɪtɪŋ. ðɛr ɪz ˈæmɪti ɪn ɪt. iʧ əv ˈjuˈɛs həz ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd ɑr lɪvz tɪ ðə seɪm pərˈsut. haʊ fæst kən aɪ gɪt? ənd ðət kriˈeɪts ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti. ðoʊ æt ðə seɪm taɪm, wi ər ɔl ɪn iʧ weɪ. wi wɪʃ ˈɛvriˌwən ðə bɛst, bət ˈoʊnli ɛz fɑr ɛz nɑt ˌɪnərˈfɪrɪŋ ɪn ɑr oʊn hənt əv ðə drim. ˈoʊnli wən ˈrənər kən wɪn ə reɪs. ənd ˈɛvəri fɔr jɪrz, ˈoʊnli θri ˈrənərz kən meɪk ən oʊˈlɪmpɪk tim [pər ɪˈvɛnt]. wi əˈspaɪr tɪ si ə frɛnd səkˈsid, bət ˈoʊnli ɪf ðɛr bɛst ɪz ə bɪt wərs ðən ɑr oʊn. bæk æt ðə haʊs, wi strɛʧ fər ə ˈmætər əv ˈmɪnəts ˌbiˈfɔr wi iʧ kəˈlæps ɔn ðə ˈkaʊʧɪz. ðə pur naɪt əv slip ənd ˈæltəˌtud həz ˈbeɪgən tɪ kæʧ əp ɔn ˈjuˈɛs. ðə rɛst əv ðə gaɪz ər ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn frəm nu ˈʤərzi ˈleɪtər ðɪs ˈivnɪŋ. ðə pis ənd kwaɪət wɪl bi ˌʃɔrˈtlɪvd. wɪn wi weɪk əp ə ˈkəpəl aʊərz ˈleɪtər, wi ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli stɑrt taɪɪŋ ɑr ʃuz fər ðə ˈsɛkənd rən. dɑn ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ məʧ fər biɪŋ sɪk. dɑrk naʊ wɪθ ə ˈpərpəl skaɪ ˈfeɪdɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈdɪstəns. ðə treɪl baɪ ɑr haʊs ɪz stɪl ˈəndər ə ˈkoʊtɪŋ əv aɪs. ðə rən ɪz ˈoʊnli ə hæf aʊər, ənd ðə peɪs ɪz ˈdɔdlɪŋ. ɛz ɪt ˈfrikwɛntli ˈhæpənz, ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən tərnz tɪ ˈtreɪnɪŋ. mɔr taɪm ɪz spɛnt ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt wət wi ər duɪŋ, ðən ˈæˌkʧuəli duɪŋ ɪt. ɑleɪˈjɑndroʊ ɪz bæk æt ɑr haʊs, ənd wi wɔk ˈɪntu ˈpɛpərz ɔn ðə stoʊv, ənd təˈmɑtoʊz biɪŋ daɪst. hi ˈprɑməst ˈjuˈɛs ə hoʊm kʊkt mil əv enchiladas*. aɪ səˈpoʊz wi ʃʊd hɛlp. ðə nɛkst aʊər ɪz fɪld wɪθ ˈʧɑpɪŋ, gˌwɑkəˈmoʊli, horchata*, mˈjuzɪk, ˈspænɪʃ, ənd ˈstɔriz əv hoʊm. wi ər biɪŋ ˈtritɪd tɪ ˌɔθənˈtɪsɪti, ənd ɑr θərd naɪt əv ˈmɛksəkən. ɛz ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃənz ər biɪŋ meɪd, aɪ gɪt ə ˈvɪdioʊ kɔl frəm pəˈtrɪʃə bæk hoʊm. ʃi gɪts ə fʊl tʊr əv ðə haʊs, ənd ə ˌriˈkaʊnt əv ðə deɪ ɛz aɪ æm ˈgɪtɪŋ jɛld æt bɪˈkəz ˈdɪnər ɪz ˈstɑrtɪŋ. ðə fud ɪz dɪˈlɪʃəs. aɪ æm stɪl sˈwɛtɪŋ ɛz wi fɔl ˈɪntu ə ɪn frənt əv ðə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ðət bɪn tərnd ɔn jɛt. ðɪs ɪz ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən. wɪn fɔrd ˈfaɪnəli əraɪvz, hi əraɪvz. ðə dɔr slæmz ˈoʊpən ənd hi ɪz ˈjɛlɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈɛmˈti ˈhəmfriz, wɪʧ ɪz haɪ ɪˈnəf tɪ kæst ə ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈoʊvər ɑr haʊs. hi ləvz ðə ˈaʊtˈdɔrz ənd ˈhaɪkɪŋ, bət nu ˈʤərzi ɪgˈzæktli ə hɑt bɛd fər ɪt. ʤæk ˈfɑloʊz ɪn wɪθ ə ˈwɑloʊ. aɪ kʊd spɑt ʤæk frəm ə maɪl əˈweɪ baɪ hɪz wɔk. ˈbimɪŋ. læst spərɪŋ, wɪn hi ræn fər ˈfərˌmæn ɪˈlit, hi hæd spɛnt ə mənθ hir ɪn ˈflægˌstæf ənd fɛl ɪn ləv wɪθ ðə pleɪs. ˈtrævɪs ɪz ɪn ˈlæftər. fɔrd kən hæv ðət ˈifɛkt ɔn ˈpipəl. ðeɪ ər iʧ ˈgɪdi ˈʧɛkɪŋ ɪt aʊt, ʤɪst ɛz wi wər ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. ðeɪ pɪk rumz, ˈkɑmpləmɛnt ənd θæŋk dɑn fər ðə ˈlɛgˌwərk. ɪt fɛlt laɪk wi wər ʤɪst ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈsɛtəld ˈɪntu ə ruˈtin ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ əraɪvd. ɪt ˈoʊnli tʊk 24 aʊərz tɪ gɪt ɪˈstæblɪʃt. ɪt wɑz ˈpisfəl, ənd ɑr daɪˈnæmɪk wɑz sɛt. bət naʊ ðɛr ər sɪks əv ˈjuˈɛs, ənd ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmp stɑrts. ˈʤænjuˌɛri 6 aɪ slɛpt ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt ˈbɛtər læst naɪt. θɪŋz wɪl ˌɪmˈpruv ɛz ðə deɪz pæs. stɪl ɪn bɛd, aɪ ʧɛk maɪ foʊn ənd goʊ ˈoʊvər ən iˈmeɪl aɪ hæd rɪˈsivd ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ frəm koʊʧ gɑgliˈɑnoʊ, ər gægz, ɛz hi ɪz mɔr ˈkɑmənli rɪˈfərd tɪ. hi sɛnt ˈjuˈɛs ðə ˈwərˌkaʊt wi wʊd hæv bɪn duɪŋ təˈdeɪ, ɪf wi ɪn nu ˈʤərzi: 10 ɛks ˈdəbəlju/ 2 ˈmɪnəts rɛst. ðə taɪmz ðət əˈkəmpəni ðə ˈwərˌkaʊt ər fər si ˈlɛvəl. wɪθ ðə ˈθɪnər ɛr æt ˈæltəˌtud, ˈbriðɪŋ ɪz ˈhɑrdər, ənd taɪmz nid tɪ bi sloʊd daʊn tɪ ɪgˈzərt ðə seɪm ˈɛfərt. ˈivɪn ðoʊ gægz ɪz ə hɔl əv feɪm koʊʧ, ˈhævɪŋ ˈgaɪdɪd ˈkaʊntləs oʊˈlɪmpiənz ənd, hi həz ˈrɛrli hæd ˈæθˌlits treɪn æt ˈæltəˌtud. hi meɪ bi 77 jɪrz oʊld, bət hi ɪz ˈoʊpən tɪ ɛkˈspɛrəˌmɛntɪŋ wɪθ ðə nu ˈstɪmjələs. hi trəsts ˈjuˈɛs tɪ meɪk əˈʤəstmənts tɪ ðə peɪs. ˈtrɛvər, dɑn ənd aɪ wɪl draɪv daʊn tɪ səˈdoʊnə, æt 4500 ft*. tɪ du ðə ˈsɛʃən. stɪl ˈæltəˌtud, bət ɪt meɪks ðə ˈwərˌkloʊd mɔr ˈduəbəl. ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ stɑrts wɪθ ə draɪv tɪ si ˈdɔktər ˈʧæpmən. hi ɪz ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt dɪˈrɛktər əv spɔrts saɪəns ənd ˈmɛdəsən fər ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ træk ənd fild. ˈhævɪŋ ʤɪst ˈgɔtən tɪ ˈæltəˌtud hi ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ drɔ səm bləd ənd pərˈfɔrm ə ˈkɑrbən məˈnɑksaɪd tɛst tɪ ˈmɛʒər ɑr ˌhiməˈgloʊbən mæs. aɪ æm nɑt ˈrɪli ʃʊr wət ðɪs minz, bət du ɪt əˈgɛn ˌbiˈfɔr ˈhɛdɪŋ bæk tɪ si ˈlɛvəl. ɛˈsɛnʃəli, ðɪs wɪl tɛl ˈjuˈɛs haʊ wɛl ɑr ˈbɑdiz rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ˈæltəˌtud. səm ˈpipəl gɪt ə juʤ bust frəm biɪŋ hir, wɛˈræz ˈəðərz du nɑt. ə bɛl kərv. fər noʊ ˈrizən ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər, aɪ fil gʊd əˈbaʊt maɪ ˈʧænsɪz əv siɪŋ juʤ ˈbɛnəfɪts. ɪt wʊd bi sɔrt əv ˈbɪtərsˌwit. bi ðɪs nu ˈɛləmənt əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ ðət aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər tæpt ˈɪntu. bət ðɛn aɪ wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli stɑrt sˈlipɪŋ ɪn ən ˈæltəˌtud tɛnt, hæv tɪ meɪk mɔr trɪps tɪ ðə ˈmaʊntənz iʧ jɪr. ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈweɪtɪŋ rum, wi ɔl hæv bʊks aʊt. praʊd əv fɔrd, hu θri mənθs əˈgoʊ skɔft æt mi fər ˈrɛdɪŋ ɔl ðə taɪm. hi ˌæksəˈdɛnəli ˈstəmbəld ɔn farm’*’ wən deɪ æt ə ˈkɔfi ʃɑp, ənd ˈkərəntli hʊkt ɔn ˈstaɪnˌbɛk. aɪ æm ˈrɛdɪŋ wood’*’ baɪ mʊrɑˈkɑmi, ənd kəmˈplitli ɛnθˈrɔld. ˈɛvəri fju ˈpeɪʤɪz aɪ ˈətər, ɪz soʊ good!’*!’ noʊ wən simz tɪ kɛr. wi gɪt kɔld ɪn tɪ gɪt ɑr weɪts ˈmɛʒərd. ðɪs, laɪk ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ, ɪz ə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən tɪ si hu wɪl [ˈrɛlətɪvli] bi ðə ˈlaɪtəst. dɑn ˈluzɪz. hi stɛps ɔn ðə skeɪl ənd ɪz 159 əˈbaʊt 9 paʊndz. ˈoʊvər hɪz reɪs weɪt. ˈɪnstəntli, ðə ˈtizɪŋ stɑrts. ˈæftər ə fju ʤoʊks, ɪt ɪz ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət hi wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ ə sˈwɛtˌʃərt, ʤinz, ənd full-tights*. hɪz bæg stɪl həz nɑt kəm, soʊ ðə taɪts ər hɪz rɪˈpleɪsmənt ˈəndərˌwɛr. wɪn maɪ tərn kəmz, aɪ sɪt ɪn ðə ʧɛr ənd gɪt ðə ˈrənˌdaʊn əv ðə prəˈsiʤər. teɪk bləd. hyperventilate*. brið aʊt. pʊt ðə bɪg ˈskɛri mæsk ɔn. brɛθ ˈnɔrməl. brið aʊt. teɪk bləd. aɪ æm ə ˈgɪni pɪg. wɪn ɪt kəmz taɪm tɪ teɪk ðə bɪg ˈskɛri mæsk ɔf, ə ˈpədəl əv drul fɔlz ˈɔntu maɪ ʃərt. gɪt ɑr prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri rɪˈzəlts ˈleɪtər ɪn ðə deɪ, bət ˈjusləs wɪˈθaʊt ɑr ˈfaɪnəl ˈtæli ɛz wɛl. ˈæftər ðə ˈtɛstɪŋ, wi ər ˈʧætɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈdɔktər ənd ˈæskɪŋ ɛz ˈmɛni kˈwɛsʧənz ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl əˈbaʊt haʊ wi ʃʊd əˈdæpt ɑr ˈwərˌkaʊt. hi səˈʤɛsts ðət wi hoʊld ɔf ənˈtɪl ɑr fɪθ deɪ hir tɪ du ə ril ˈsɛʃən. ˌɪnˈstɛd, səm ˈizi təˈmɑˌroʊ tɪ əkˈweɪnt ðə ˈbɑdi wʊd bi ˈbɛtər. laɪk ðət, ðə deɪ ɪz ʧeɪnʤd ənd ðɛr ɪz noʊ draɪv tɪ səˈdoʊnə. ʤæk ɪz ˈigər tɪ hɛd aʊt tɪ hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt spɑt fər ə rən. tərnz aʊt, oʊld ˈwɔlˌnət ˈkænjən roʊd. ðə seɪm pleɪs ɛz ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. ɪt wɑz ə gʊd kɔrs, ənd ˈmaɪnəs ə pæʧ hæf weɪ θru, ɪt wɑz dɪˈvɔɪd əv ˈhɛvi snoʊ ˈkəvərɪʤ. wi ˌækwiˈɛs tɪ hɪz ˈbɛgɪŋ. ʤæk ɪz nu tɪ ðə kləb, ənd ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ˈoʊnli wən wɪθ ‘‘rookie’*’ ˈstætəs hi ɪz ə fju jɪrz ˈoʊldər ðən ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs. hɪz kənˈsɪstənsi ɛz ə tɔp əˈmɛrɪkən ˈmaɪlər ðə læst sɪks jɪrz ædz tɪ ɑr ˌvɛnərˈeɪʃən. wəns əˈgɛn, ðə peɪs stɑrts ɔf ˈizi. ðə ɛr həz ˈjuˈɛs ˈtɪmɪd. wɪn wi hɪt ðə snoʊ pæʧ, ðə grup splɪts əp ˈɪntu tu: ðə breɪv ənd ðə ˈkɔʃəs. aɪ æm ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈkɛrfəl ɔn əˈnivən ˈfʊtɪŋ, ənd downhills*. ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd əv ðə ˈtəndrə, fɔrd, ˈtrævɪs ənd aɪ ər ˈʤɔgɪŋ. ðɪs ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə ˈkɑmən grup fər ðə mənθ, ɛz ðə θri əv ˈjuˈɛs tɛnd tɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz bi riˈstreɪnd ɔn ˈizi deɪz. wɪn grups breɪk ˈɪntu tu, ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən splɪts ɛz wɛl. ðə frənt grup wɪl tɔk əˈbaʊt haʊ ðə bæk grup ɪz tu sloʊ. ðə bæk grup wɪl tɔk əˈbaʊt haʊ ðə frənt grup ɪz tu fæst. ɔl ˈpɑrtiz bɪˈliv ðeɪ hæv dɪˈskəvərd ðə ˈsikrɪt tɪ ˈtreɪnɪŋ. dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə deɪ. ɪt ʤɪst soʊ ˈhæpənz ðət aɪ æm ˈɔlˌweɪz raɪt. wɪn maɪ kru tərnz əraʊnd ˈərli, aɪ æm ˈhɛdɪŋ aʊt əˈloʊn əˈnəðər 15 ˈmɪnəts. ðɛr ər 12 ˈizi maɪəlz ɔn maɪ ˈskɛʤʊl. ə fju ˈmɪnəts ˈleɪtər aɪ kæʧ əp tɪ ðə frənt grup, ənd ˈtərnɪŋ əraʊnd, ɪkˈsɛpt ˈtrɛvər. hi ɪz skˈwɑtɪŋ ɔn ðə saɪd əv ðə roʊd wɪθ hɪz pænts æt hɪz ˈæŋkəlz. ən ˈɔfər tɪ ʤɔɪn mi [post-squat*], bət aɪ lɛt ɪm noʊ aɪ ʤɪst wɔnt tɪ teɪk ɪt ˈsoʊˌloʊ ðə rɛst əv ðə weɪ tɪ meɪk ʃʊr aɪ æm goʊɪŋ ˈizi. ðɪs ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ɪz ɪn ðə mɪst əv hɪz rɛst stɑp, ənd dən soʊ ˈkæʒəwəli. wi ər ˈrənərz. ðɛr ɪz ə ˈkəmfərt ɪn ɑr ˈbɑdiz ðət ɪz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz faʊnd ɪn ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld. ənd ðət ˈkəmfərt ɪkˈstɛndz tɪ ˈtimˌmeɪts. short-shorts*, ʃaʊərz, ˈbæθˌrum stɑps,, ʃeɪvd lɛgz, ənd aʊərz əv ˈɛmti treɪlz fɪld wɪθ lud dɪˈskəʃən. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz aɪ fərˈgɛt maɪ frɛndz ʃɛr ðət sɪˈkjʊrəti. ʤɪst ˈoʊvər ðə krɛst əv ðə hɪl, aɪ hɪt ə nu ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə roʊd aɪ meɪk ɪt tɪ ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. ðə triz ˈoʊpən əp, ənd ðə skaɪ ɪz klɪr. ðɛr ɪz noʊ snoʊ hir. ðə ˈmaʊntənz ər ˈvɪzəbəl ɪn ðə nɪr ˈdɪstəns. ɪf aɪ wər tɪ rən lɔŋ ɪˈnəf, aɪ θɪŋk aɪ wʊd hɪt ðɛm. maɪ maɪnd hirz ˈoʊnli ðə nɛkst ˈfʊtˌstɛp, ənd ðə nɛkst, ənd ðə nɛkst. wɪn aɪ gɪt bæk tɪ ðə kɑr, ðə gaɪz ər ˈweɪtɪŋ fər mi ənd hæv bɪn fər ə waɪl. aɪ fil ˈgɪlti. ðɪs ɪz waɪ wi ər hir, ənd ðɛr ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ ɛls fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ du təˈdeɪ. fɔrd ɪz dɛkt aʊt ɪn hɪz nu gɪr, ənd nidz mi tɪ teɪk ə ˈkəpəl ˈpɪkʧərz əv ɪm fər ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ əˈnaʊnsmɛnt əv hɪz ˈsaɪnɪŋ. wɪn wi wər ɪn ˈjuʤin ðɪs ˈsəmər, ə mæn kɔld ˈpiˌnət riʧt aʊt tɪ ˈjuˈɛs boʊθ. wi wər ɪn taʊn fər ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈjuˈɛs 1500 reɪs ðət wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs əˈmɪdst ðə wərld ˈʤunjər ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps. hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ tɛl ˈjuˈɛs əˈbaʊt ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈsaɪnɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ɛz ˈspɑnsərd ˈæθˌlits. ðə deɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə reɪs wi mɛt ɪm wɪθ ˈɛrɪk, ɑr əˈsɪstənt koʊʧ æt ðə taɪm. ˈpiˌnət toʊld ˈjuˈɛs ɔl əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkəmpəˌni, ənd wət ðeɪ kən du fər ˈjuˈɛs ənd waɪ ðeɪ ər ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə geɪm. fɔrd ənd aɪ wər boʊθ riˈstreɪnɪŋ, nɑt ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ seɪ tu məʧ tu sun. bət wi wər boʊθ ɛkˈstætɪk. ˈsəmˌwən wɑz ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ rən prəˈfɛʃənəli. tɪ gɪt peɪd tɪ rən. ðə deɪ ˈæftər ðə reɪs aɪ mɛt wɪθ ˈpiˌnət əˈgɛn, ənd ðɪs taɪm hi brɔt ʤɛn. ɪt hæd gɔn wɛl, ˈoʊnli ˈluzɪŋ ɪn ə lin baɪ ə tɛnθ əv ə ˈsɛkənd. frəm wən ˈkɔfi ʃɑp, aɪ wɔkt tɪ ðə nɛkst ənd ʃʊk hænz wɪθ reɪ, hu ʤɪst ðɛn bɪˈkeɪm maɪ ˈeɪʤənt. ə wik ˈleɪtər ɪt wɑz dən. maɪ fərst jɪr aʊt əv ˈkɑlɪʤ, aɪ wɑz ˈhɛvəli səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ðə nu jɔrk træk kləb ɔn ðə ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti əv gægz. fri rɛnt, ə smɔl ˈstaɪpənd, ənd ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv maɪ ˈtrævəl. aɪ wərkt 25 aʊərz ə wik æt ə ˈrənɪŋ ˈspɛʃəlti stɔr tɪ raʊnd aʊt ðə rɛst. aɪ hæd riʧt aʊt tɪ ə bənʧ əv ʃu ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈæftər ˌgræʤəˈweɪʃən, bət aɪ wɑz ˈnɛvər tərnd ˌɪgˈnɔrd. fɔrd gɑt ˈivɪn lɛs ðən mi frəm ðə kləb, ənd wɑz ˈwərkɪŋ ɛz ə ˈlaɪfˌgɑrd ənd ɪn əˈtlæntɪk ˈsɪti, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈwərkɪŋ ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt ʃɪfts. hæv tɪ mɪs ˈpræktɪs, wɪʧ wɑz 90 ˈmɪnəts əˈweɪ frəm hɪz hoʊm, bɪˈkəz hi wɑz tu ɪgˈzɔstɪd baɪ ðə wərk ðət wɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl fər ɪm tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈrənɪŋ. hi wɑz ə kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ, bət wɑz fɑr frəm biɪŋ ˈnoʊtəbəl ɔn ðə ˈnæʃənəl steɪʤ ˈhævɪŋ ˈnɛvər meɪd ɪt tɪ ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps. hi dɪd rən ɪn ðə maɪl, ənd wʊd kəm tɪ du ðət ˈmɛni taɪmz əˈgɛn. ðɪs pæst jɪr hi kloʊzd aʊt ðə pɛn ˈriˌleɪz wɪθ ə hɑrd læst læp, ənd lind æt ðə laɪn ˈoʊnli tɪ lʊk əp æt ðə bɔrd ənd si nɛkst tɪ hɪz neɪm. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, fɔrd dɪd gɪt ˈəndər ðə mɑrk wɪθ ə tɪ wɪn ə reɪs ɪn nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə, wɪθ ə kraʊd əv ˈɔnˌlʊkərz ˈtənəlɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈhoʊmˌstrɛʧ ɪn leɪn 3 hi broʊk ðə kərs. wi ər ˈpoʊlər ˈɑpəzɪts ˈrənərz. ðɪs hoʊl jɪr wɑz eɪmd təˈwɔrdz ˌriɪntrəˈdusɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɔn ðə træk. ðə ˈkəmˌbæk. ðə ʧɪp ɔn maɪ ˈʃoʊldər hæd groʊn ˌɪˈmɛnsli. sɪns ˌbiˈfɔr haɪ skul, maɪ goʊl wɑz tɪ bɪˈkəm ə prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈrənər. fərst θɔt əv biɪŋ ə prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈrənər wɑz æt brənʧ ðət ˈmɔrnɪŋ ɪn ˈjuʤin wɪθ ˈpiˌnət. aɪ æm ðə ˈnərdi ˈrənər, pərˈuzɪŋ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt, ˈrɛdɪŋ bʊks, ənd əˈtɛndɪŋ kæmps. wɪn aɪ stɛp ɔn ðə laɪn ðɛr ər noʊ səˈpraɪzɪz əˈbaʊt hu ɪz nɛkst tɪ mi. ðə stæts hæv bɪn ˈstədid ənd ðɛr hoʊl kərɪrz hæv bɪn ˈfɑloʊd. fɔrd bɪˈgɪnz ə reɪs wɪθ ˈɪgnərəns. ˈmeɪbi ðə gaɪ nɛkst tɪ ɪm lʊks ˈveɪgli fəˈmɪljər, bət hi mæʧ əp ðə neɪm tɪ ðə feɪs. ˈsɪmpəl fər ɪm; rən ˈfæstər ðən ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls. ˌfæstˈfɔrwərd ənˈtɪl təˈdeɪ, ənd fɔrd ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ əˈnaʊns. aɪ hæd saɪnd ənd əˈnaʊnst fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf əˈbaʊt 6 mənθs əˈgoʊ, ənd ræn ðə læst sɛt əv ˈreɪsɪz ɪn maɪ ˈaʊtˌdɔr ˈsizən ɪn ðə ˈjunəˌfɔrm. wi tʊk tu ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt pæθs tɪ əraɪv æt ðə seɪm pleɪs, ənd naʊ wi treɪd ɔf rɛps ɪn ðə ˈwərˌkaʊts, bət ɪn ðə seɪm ʃuz. ˈʤænjuˌɛri 7 ju wʊd θɪŋk gɪt tɪ ə ˈsərtən ˈlɛvəl ənd ðə bɪʧ wərk stɑps. ənd ðɛn ju si ðə pleɪs ˈfɪnɪʃər æt ðə læst oʊˈlɪmpɪks ˈʃəvlɪŋ ðə snoʊ ɔf ðə træk soʊ hi kən gɪt hɪz ˈwərˌkaʊt ɪn. ə riˈmaɪndər; ðə wərk ˈnɛvər stɑps. ə wərld ˈrɛkərd ˈhoʊldər həz tɪ strɛʧ ˈæftər iʧ rən. hi ðɛn gɪts ɪn ðə ʤɪm, ənd lɪfts ðə weɪts. rɪˈpɛtɪtɪv. bət ðə ˈlɪtəl θɪŋz æd əp, ənd ɪf ju stɑp ˈkaʊntɪŋ, ju hæv tɪ stɑrt ˈoʊvər. təˈdeɪ, ðə ˈlɪtəl θɪŋz min ˈʃəvlɪŋ ðə træk fər ə hæf aʊər ˌbiˈfɔr wi kən ˈwərˌkaʊt. 16 ɛks 200 ˈdəbəlju/ 1 mɪn rɛst. wi ər aʊt æt ˌkoʊkəˈninoʊ, ənd ˈivɪn ðoʊ 11 æm, ɪt lʊks laɪk skul həz lɛt aʊt. ðɛr ər kɪdz ˈɛvriˌwɛr ɛz wi rən θru ˈkæmpəs ɔn ɑr wɔrm əp. wi klaɪm ə hɪl fər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə maɪl, ənd ɛnd əp æt ˈbəfəˌloʊ pɑrk. ɛz sun ɛz wi gɪt ɪn ənd si ðə treɪl, taɪm tɪ tərn əraʊnd. wət ə tiz. wi plæn tɪ draɪv əp tɪ ðə lɔt ənd du ɑr kul daʊn hir. ðɛr ɪz ə ʤɪm klæs ˈrənɪŋ əraʊnd ðə træk wɪn wi rɪˈtərn. ðɪs kʊd gɪt ˈəgli. ðə koʊʧ siz ˈjuˈɛs ənd lʊks ˌɪnˈtrigd, soʊ wi əˈproʊʧ tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus ɑrˈsɛlvz. bi ɔf ɪn ə ˈmætər əv ˈmɪnəts, ənd ɪn ðə min taɪm, hi ɪz ˈpɪkɪŋ ɑr breɪn əˈbaʊt hu wi ər ənd wət wi ər duɪŋ ɪn ˈflægˌstæf. dɑn teɪks ðə fərst rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv aʊt ɪn 34 ðət wɑz ɑr sɔft gaɪd fər təˈdeɪ. kip ɪt ðɛr ər ə bɪt ˈfæstər. wi ʤɑg bæk tɪ ðə stɑrt ˈkətɪŋ əˈkrɔs ðə tərf fild. ˈoʊnli leɪn 7 ɪz klɪrd fər əv ˈrənɪŋ. ˈtrɛvər lidz ðə nɛkst wən aʊt ənd ə 33 soʊ fɑr soʊ gʊd. ðə ʤɑg bæk filz ˈʃɔrtər. ə ˈsɪriz əv ər rən wəns ðə ˈrɪðəm ɪz faʊnd. ˈæftər 10 rɛps əv ˈsaɪləns, dɑn sɪz, bɛt bi mɔr ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənəl æt si level.’*.’ raɪt. wɪn wi ˈfɪnɪʃ əp, aɪ hənʧ ˈoʊvər ɔn ðə ˈbliʧərz. maɪ hɛd ɪz laɪt, ənd aɪ nid ˈwɔtər. ðɪs wɑz ðə ˈweɪˌkəp kɔl aɪ ˈnidɪd. ˈæltəˌtud ɪz ril, ənd θɪŋz wɪl bi hɑrd ðɪs nɛkst mənθ. waɪ wi ər hir. bət ɪt wɪl bi ˈiziər ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 31 wɪn aɪ æm bæk ɪn nu jɔrk fər ðə ˈdɪstəns ˈmɛdli ˈriˌleɪ. ðə wərld ˈrɛkərd ʃʊd goʊ daʊn. ɪt wɪl ʤɪst dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ˈwɛðər ər nɑt wi krɔs fərst. læst jɪr ɪn ˈbɔstən, maɪ ˈtiˌmeɪt maɪk wɪnd mɪld daʊn ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈstreɪtəˌweɪ ənd keɪm əp ʤɪst ʃɔrt æt ðə laɪn. wi wər ˈəndər ðə ˈpriviəs ˈrɛkərd, bət ðeɪ gɑt ðɛr fərst. ðɪs jɪr, ðə stɪk wɪl bi ɪn maɪ hænz. hi wɑz dɪˈstrɔt. ju kʊd si ðə peɪn ɪn aɪz, wɪθ hɪz hænz ɔn hɪz hɛd ˈwəndərɪŋ wət hi kʊd hæv dən ˈdɪfərˈɛntli. ˈmeɪbi ˈkɪkɪŋ ˈərliər, ˈpʊʃɪŋ ðə peɪs, ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd leɪn. ðɛr wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ðoʊz kˈwɛsʧənz fər ˈsɛkənd pleɪs. ðə ˈænsər ˈɔlˌweɪz klɪr. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈhɪdən ɪn ðə reɪs ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ənd ˈəðər taɪmz ɪt ɪz ɪn ðə mənθs ˌbiˈfɔr, ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈsɪŋgəl træk ˈsɛʃən. iʧ deɪ ju traɪ tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət ɪt bi ðə wən wɪθ ðə ˈænsər. wi ɔl ræn ðə reɪs, bət ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ haɪd aʊt ðɛr ɔn ə ˈriˌleɪ. nɑt fər ðə ˈæŋkər. wi ʤɑgd ˈoʊvər tɪ ɪm ənd ɛmˈbreɪst ɪm ˈæftər hi ˈfɪnɪʃt. ɪt wɑz ˈoʊˈkeɪ. ðɛr wɑz noʊ bleɪm ɔn ɪm; pɑrt əv biɪŋ ɔn ə tim. hi kɛpt əˈpɑləˌʤaɪzɪŋ ðoʊ ɪt hæv bɪn ˈfərðər frəm hɪz fɔlt. wɪn wi sɔ gægz, hi sæt ˈjuˈɛs daʊn. hi kʊd ˈhɑrdli gɪt ə wərd aʊt. hɪz aɪz wər fɪld wɪθ praɪd. ju ˈɔlˌweɪz nid tɪ krɔs ðə laɪn fərst tɪ wɪn ə reɪs. æm soʊ ˈfrikɪŋ praʊd əv ju bɔɪz. aɪ hæv bɪn duɪŋ ðɪs fər 55 jɪrz, ənd siɪŋ ju gaɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli faɪt fər iʧ wɪn ju sɔ maɪk ˈstrəgəlɪŋ ræn tɪ ɪm. ə tim. ðɪs ɪz waɪ wi du ɪt, fər iʧ ˈəðər. ənd təˈdeɪ, ju riˈmaɪndɪd mi waɪ aɪ du this.’*.’ wi draɪv əp ðə ˈmaʊntən tɪ kul daʊn ənd dɑn ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt haʊ ɪkˈsaɪtɪd hi ɪz tɪ gɪt hɪz ˈəndərˌwɛr bæk. ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt ʃɪpt ɪm hɪz bæg, ənd ˈtrævɪs hæd kɔld tɪ lɛt ɪm noʊ ðət ɪt ˈfaɪnəli keɪm. ðə ˈəðər gaɪz ˈoʊnli hæd ən ˈizi rən təˈdeɪ. nɑt ˈreɪsɪŋ ˈɪnˌdɔrz soʊ ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈərʤənsi. ˈtrævɪs hæd səm ni ˈprɑbləmz ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər ənd ɑkˈtoʊbər, soʊ hɪz ˈfɪtnəs ɪz ʤɪst ˈkəmɪŋ əraʊnd. ʤæk hæd ə strɛs riˈækʃən ɪn hɪz fʊt ðət fɔrst ɪm tɪ fər ə fju wiks. ənd fɔrd hæd streɪnd hɪz kæf æt ðə ɛnd əv ˈɔgəst, ənd wɑz ˈoʊnli ˈeɪbəl tɪ du ˈizi rənz əp ənˈtɪl noʊˈvɛmbər. ˈɪnʤəriz ər pɑrt əv ðə spɔrt. ər ˈbɛtər jɛt, əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ðɛm. ðə rɛst əv ðə deɪ ɪz loʊ ki. ˈɛvriˌwən həz kleɪmd ə ʧɛr ər kaʊʧ spɑt ɪn ðə ˈlɪvɪŋ rum, ənd ðə faɪər ɪz ˈnɛvər nɑt goʊɪŋ. ðɪs ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ɑr ruˈtin. ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðɪs rum, moʊst deɪz wɪl ˌɪnˈvɑlv ə trɪp ˈɪntu taʊn tɪ ˈvɪzɪt wən əv ðə ˈmɛni ˈkɔfi ʃɑps. ðə seɪm θɪŋ ˈhæpənz ˈdeɪli ɪn nu ˈʤərzi. ðə noʊ ɑr neɪmz, ənd ɑr ˈɔrdərz. ðə goʊl ɪz tɪ gɪt tɪ ðət ˈɪnɪmət ˈlɛvəl hir ˌbiˈfɔr wi liv. ðɛr ɪz məˈnɑtəni ɪn ˈtreɪnɪŋ. wi liv tɪ goʊ gɪt ˈkɔfi, ɛz məʧ ɛz ˈnidɪŋ ə ˈrizən tɪ liv ðə haʊs ənd pʊt pænts ɔn. ðɪs kʊd bi ˈbɔrɪŋ ɪf ɪt fər biɪŋ sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ðə raɪt ˈpipəl. ðə əˈlʊr əv ˈhævɪŋ ə grup. ðə taɪm spɛnt ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ðə nɛkst rən ɪz fɪld wɪθ ˈlæftər ənd ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən. ðə seɪm ˌɪnˈsaɪd ʤoʊks ər pæst əraʊnd ənd kˈwɪkli gɪt oʊld, bət ðə læfs ər ðə seɪm. dɑn ɪz ˈæskɪŋ ʤæk əˈbaʊt hɪz taɪm ɪn ˈflægˌstæf læst spərɪŋ wɪn hi wɑz wɪθ hɪz grup frəm saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə. ðə bɪg kˈwɛʃən biɪŋ, different?’*?’ ˈtrævɪs ɪz ˈnoʊtɪsəbli ˈlɪsənɪŋ ɪn. ðɛr ɪz ə ˌkjʊriˈɑsəti ɪn ˈwəndərɪŋ haʊ θɪŋz ər dən ˈɛlsˌwɛr, ənd ðə koʊʧ ənd kru laɪk. ðə θɪŋ wi ər ɔl ˈigər tɪ hir ɪz ðət wi du ɪt ˈbɛtər. bət ʤæk seɪ ðət ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bæd əˈbaʊt hɪz læst ˈkəpəl jɪrz. ʤɪst ˈdɪfərənt. wər ə lɔt mɔr ruˈtin. ˈpræktɪs wɑz æt ðə seɪm taɪm ˈɛvriˈdeɪ, ənd koʊʧ wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ðɛr. wɪʧ həz ɪt pərks bɪˈkəz ɪt hoʊldz ju riˈspɑnsəbəl. bət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz aɪ laɪk biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ du maɪ oʊn θɪŋ hir. aɪ ˈoʊnli si gægz ə ˈkəpəl taɪmz əv ə wik, ənd hi trəsts ðət aɪ wɪl gɪt ðə wərk dən ɪn bɪtˈwin. bət aɪ ˈnidɪd ə ʧeɪnʤ. biɪŋ sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ə bənʧ əv nu jəŋ gaɪz ɪz rɪˈfrɛʃɪŋ. aɪ nid ðət perspective.’*.’ ʤæk teɪks ən ˈɛkstrə brɛθ ənd lʊks ɔf fər ʤɪst ə dɪˈleɪ. hi ʤɪst ˈstəmbəld ˈɔntu ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðət ˈnɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr. nɑt əˈbaʊt groʊɪŋ ˈoʊldər, bət ˈluzɪŋ ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl. maɪ ˈbɪgəst fɪr. ɪn maɪ hɛd, aɪ kʊd stɪl ˈivɪn wɪn ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪks wən deɪ. ðɛr ər ɪˈnəf deɪz lɛft ɪn maɪ kərɪr. aɪ wɔnt ðət drim tɪ ˌdɪsəˈpɪr. ˈʤænjuˌɛri 8 ˈtrɛvər, dɑn ənd aɪ splɪt ɔf frəm ðə rɛst əv ðə grup əˈgɛn ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ tɪ mit əp wɪθ səm əv ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈæθˌlits, ənd ˈəðər ˈvɪzɪtərz. æt ˈbeɪgəlz ɪz ə ˈlɔŋˌstændɪŋ trəˈdɪʃən ɪn ˈflægˌstæf noʊn ˈsɪmpli ɛz, ðə run.’*.’ wi ʃoʊ əp ənd si ˈɛniˌwən. aɪ ʤoʊk ðət ðɪs wɑz ə præŋk ɔn ðə nu gaɪz frəm aʊt əv taʊn. dɑn rɪˈfərz tɪ ðə old’*’ grin æt 9 trɪk frəm gilmore.’*.’ wi hir ˈsəmˌwən kɔl aʊt ɑr neɪmz. lʊks laɪk wi ər ɪn ðə raɪt pleɪs, ʤɪst ɔn ðə rɔŋ saɪd əv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ. ɛz ðə ˈmɪnəts pæs, mɔr ˈrənərz ʃoʊ əp. nɑt ʤɪst ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ˈhɑbi ˈʤɑgərz, bət gaɪz hu kən roʊl. ðə ˈnɔrməl pæθ ɪz stɪl ˈkəvərd ɪn snoʊ, soʊ wi hæv tɪ hɛd ə ˈkəpəl maɪəlz daʊn ɔn ðə ˈsaɪdˌwɔk tɪ ə dərt roʊd ðət həz bɪn plaʊd. aɪ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli gɪt ɪn straɪd wɪθ ˈfɔrəst, hu aɪ læst sɔ wɪn aɪ woʊk əp ɪn hɪz hoʊˈtɛl rum ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə kləb ˈpɑrti. ðə reɪs hæd bɪn 30 ˈmɪnəts frəm ɑr haʊs, soʊ ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi reɪs, wi wɛnt tɪ hæŋ aʊt ˈæftərwərdz. ðət naɪt ɪz stɪl wərθ biɪŋ riˈkæpt ənd læft əˈbaʊt. gʊd tɪ si ɪm ˈrənɪŋ ənd ˈhɛlθi. ˈfɔrəst həz hæd səm əps ənd daʊnz ɪn hɪz kərɪr, bət ɪz bæk ɪn fʊl fɔrs ˈkleɪmɪŋ hɪz ˈrisənt ˈwərˌkaʊts wər səm əv hɪz bɛst ˈɛvər. hi ɪz ˈbimɪŋ ənd hɑrd nɑt tɪ bi ˈhæpi fər ɪm. ɔl bɪn ɪn ðət seɪm pəˈzɪʃən ˌbiˈfɔr. wi tərn raɪt ˈɔntu ðə dərt roʊd, ənd ðə sən ɪz ˈpɪrsɪŋ θru ðə triz ənd rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ɔf ðə snoʊ. ðə taɪp əv ˈmɔrnɪŋ wɛr ˈsənˌglæsɪz wʊd meɪk sɛns. gɑt tɪ pi. ðɪs ˈhæpənz ə lɔt. bət ɪn ə grup əv 20 ˈhoʊldɪŋ ɪt ɪn ɪz ˈiziər ðən ˈspikɪŋ əp. ðə peɪs ɪz ˈɑnəst wəns wi wɔrm əp. ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋz ər koʊld hir. æt ðə stɑrt, wɔnt ən ˈɛkstrə ˈʤækɪt, səm θɪk gləvz, ənd ə ˈhɛvi hæt. bət baɪ ðə ɛnd, ˈprɑbəˌbli bi ˈoʊˈkeɪ ɪn ə ˈtiˌsərt. soʊ aɪ ɛnd əp ˈdrɛsɪŋ ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn bɪtˈwin. ðə hɪlz ər təf ənd hæf ðə kru teɪks ðə ˈstrætəʤi əv ˈhæmərɪŋ ə bɪt tɪ gɪt ɪt ˈfɪnɪʃt, ənd ðə bæk hæf teɪks ɪt ˈizi tɪ seɪv ˈɛnərʤi. ˈmævərɪk ɪz nɪr ðə bæk ənd wi teɪk tərnz sˈnɪflɪŋ ɑr ˈnoʊzɪz. hi ɪz ˈɑbviəsli ˈfaɪtɪŋ ə koʊld hɪmˈsɛlf, wɪʧ meɪks ɪt fil laɪk ən ˈɛkstrə ˈkəpəl ˈθaʊzənd fit haɪər. muvd bæk tɪ ˈmɪʃɪgən sɪns ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪŋ frəm wɪˈskɑnsən ənd hi saʊnz ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ bi hoʊm. ðɛr ɪz ə ˈkəmfərt ɪn biɪŋ wɛr ju noʊ. ˈmævərɪk ɪz ɪn æn ˈɑrbər, wɪʧ ɪz ə bɪt ˈoʊvər ən aʊər əˈweɪ frəm wɛr hi gru əp. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ hi sɪz əˈbaʊt ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈpɑzətɪv. ðoʊ hi kwɪps ðət hi wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst sweɪd tɪ ɑr grup baɪ ðə ˈwɪmən əˈloʊn. aɪ teɪk ðɪs ɛz ə ˈkɑmpləmɛnt. aɪ laɪk ɑr gərlz. hi wɑz ðə ˈrizən ðət ʤæk lʊkt æt ɑr grup ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. ðeɪ wər ˈtimˌmeɪts æt wɪˈskɑnsən, ənd laɪk moʊst əv ðə træk kəmˈjunɪti, hi hæd əˈsumd wi lɪvd ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv mænˈhætən. ˈmævərɪk lɛt ɪm noʊ ˈəðərˌwaɪz, ənd naʊ ʤæk ɪz wən əv ˈjuˈɛs. ðɛr ər ə ˈkəpəl ʤoʊks əˈbaʊt duɪŋ ðɪs rən ˈstrɪktli fər ðə ˈbeɪgəlz. maɪ maɪnd ˈflæʃɪz bæk tɪ wɪn aɪ wʊd du maɪ ˈsənˌdi lɔŋ rənz wɪθ maɪ frɛnd ˈbrɛndən, ənd iʧ taɪm wi wʊd goʊ tɪ ðə baɪ ðə ˈfɪnɪʃ. kaʊnt daʊn iʧ maɪl əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ, maɪəlz ənˈtɪl maɪəlz ənˈtɪl pancakes…’*…’ wi swɪŋ baɪ ðə stɑrt ʤɪst ˈoʊvər ən aʊər ˈæftər wi bɪˈgæn, ənd hæf ðə kru ˈfɪnɪʃɪz əp. oʊ, ðət wʊd bi nis. ˌɪnˈstɛd aɪ æd ɔn wɪθ mæt, hu lɪvz ənd treɪnz hir fʊl taɪm. sɪns ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪŋ, hi həz ˈpruvən hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ə neɪm tɪ wɔʧ ɔn ðə roʊd ˈsərkət, ˈhævɪŋ ɔˈrɛdi ˈpoʊstɪd ə hæf. ˈreɪsɪŋ əˈgɛn ðɪs ˈkəmɪŋ ˈwiˌkɪnd ɪn ˈhjustən. hi həz ə smuð, ˈlæŋki straɪd ənd aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər sin ɪm wɪˈθaʊt ʃeɪdz ɔn. aɪ θɪŋk wi hæv ˈɛvər ˈæˌkʧuəli mɛt praɪər, bət ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈhəvərd ɔn ðət greɪ laɪn əv stɪl noʊɪŋ iʧ ˈəðər θæŋks tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. ə jɪr əˈgoʊ, mæt ˈpəblɪkli keɪm aʊt ɛz ə geɪ prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈæθˌlit ɪn wət aɪ kənˈsɪdər tɪ bi ən ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ əˈnaʊnsmɛnt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi hæd ˈnɛvər mɛt, aɪ hæd pæst ɔn ən ˈiˌmeɪl ɪn səˈpɔrt ənd ʤɪst ˈθæŋkɪŋ ɪm. θruaʊt maɪ haɪ skul, ˈkɑlɪʤ ənd naʊ prəˈfɛʃənəl ɪkˈspɪriəns, ðɛr hæv bɪn ˈtimˌmeɪts əv maɪn huz ˈstrəgəl aɪ hæv ˈwɪtnəst. noʊɪŋ ðɛr peɪn ənd kənfˈjuʒən ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən hɪt kloʊz tɪ hoʊm. aɪ meɪk ɪt ˈiziər fər ˈivɪn wən ˈpərsən tɪ əkˈsɛpt hu ðeɪ ər, bi ˈkəmfərtəbəl ɪn ðɛr oʊn skɪn, ənd faɪnd ðɛr vɔɪs, ðɛn satisfied.’*.’ mæt ɪz ə riˈmaɪndər ðət bɪˈhaɪnd iʧ pərˈfɔrməns ɪz ə ˈpərsən wɪθ ə ˈstɔri. ənd ðə ʧæns tɪ mit ə nu ˈæθˌlit ənd ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ðoʊz ˈstɔriz ɪz ə ˈspɛʃəl pɑrt əv ðə spɔrt ðət ɪkˈstɛndz bɪɔnd ðə træk. ɛz wi ˈfɪnɪʃ ðə æd ɔn aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ si ðə ˈdrɑˌpɔf kru ˈhæŋɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈbeɪgəl ʃɑp ˌɛnˈʤɔɪɪŋ ˈbrɛkfəst. səˈpraɪzɪŋli, ɪt ɪz ˈɛmti. ˈɛvriˌwən hæd hɑpt ɪn ðɛr kɑr ər ˈhɛdɪd tɪ əˈkrɔs ðə strit fər ˈkɔfi. bət aɪ æm ə ˈtɪpɪkəl nu jɔrk ˈbeɪgəl snɑb. prɪˈdɪktəbli, ə fju priˈtɛnʃəs ˈbeɪgəl ˈkɑmɛnts hæd slɪpt θru ðə kræks tɪ wɪl waɪl ɔn ðə rən, ənd naʊ aɪ hæd tɪ tɛst ðɛm aʊt fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. aɪ ˈɔrdərd ə ˈlaɪtli ˈtoʊstɪd ˈsɛsəmi sid ˈbeɪgəl wɪθ ləks krim ʧiz. ə ˈstændərd ˈɔrdər fər mi, ənd aɪ wɔnt tɪ rɪˈmeɪn kənˈsɪstənt fər maɪ ˈʤəʤmənt tɪ bi fɛr. ɪt pæst. ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn nu jɔrk mɛnt maɪ daɪət wɑz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ðə bɛst. aɪ hæd ˈprɑbəˌbli tɛn ˈbeɪgəlz ə wik, sˈlaɪsɪz əv ˈpitsə wɛˈnɛvər ðə ˈtaɪniəst bɪt ˈhəŋgri, ənd ə ˈdərti ˈwɔtər dɔg ər fud wɑz ˈstændərd fər ə naɪt aʊt. wɪn aɪ muvd daʊn tɪ ˈɔstən, ðət ɔl ʧeɪnʤd. ɔn maɪ fərst deɪ əv ˈklæsɪz aɪ stɑpt ɪn æt ˈaɪnstaɪn ˈbeɪgəlz ənd æst fər ən ɛg ˈbeɪgəl. ðə kæˈʃɪr lʊkt æt mi blæŋk. aɪ rɪˈpitɪd maɪ ˈɔrdər, ənd ʃi kənˈfərmd ðət aɪ ˈwɔntɪd wən ɛg ɔn ə pleɪn ˈbeɪgəl. wɪn aɪ nu aɪ ɪn nu jɔrk ˌɛniˈmɔr. wi kʊkt fər ɑrˈsɛlvz ˈrəðər ðən goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈdaɪnɪŋ hɔl, ənd ə ˈsɪkˌspæk bɪˈgæn tɪ spraʊt. ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ fɔrd naʊ, ˈtrævɪs ənd aɪ kɔl ɑr daɪət ˌæksəˈdɛnəl veganism*. fɔrd bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈvɛgən ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈæftər ˈlərnɪŋ hɪz kəˈlɛstərˌɔl ənd bləd ˈprɛʃər wər aʊt əv kənˈtroʊl. hi sɛt ə fju juʤ ˈpərsɪnəl ənd həz bɪn goʊɪŋ strɔŋ sɪns. wi kʊk milz təˈgɛðər soʊ ˈɔfən ðət wi wɪl faɪnd ɑrˈsɛlvz ˈfɑlɪŋ əsˈlip moʊst naɪts ˈriəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðət wi ˈnɛvər eɪt ən ˈænəməl ˈprɑdəkt. bət ðɛn ðə ˈhəŋgər kəmz. ənd wɪn ɪt kəmz, ɪt kəmz ɪn fʊl fɔrs. ˈæftər ə ʃɔrt ˌæftərˈnun næp, aɪ faɪnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈstəmbəlɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈlɪvɪŋ rum dɪˈlɪriəs. ˈtrævɪs ɪz hæf pæst aʊt ɔn ðə kaʊʧ. ɛz aɪ ˈməmbəl əˈbaʊt maɪ ˈhəŋgər, hi nɑdz əˈfərmɪŋ. wi nid mit. nɛkst tɪ ɑr haʊs ɪz ə ˈloʊkəl fæst ˈbərgər pleɪs. sɪns ərˈaɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈflægˌstæf, wi ˌɪnˈdəlʤd æt ɔl. ju goʊ frəm ə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ veɪˈkeɪʃən mil plæn streɪt ˈɪntu pərˈfɛkʃən. wi kɔl tɪ ˈtrɛvər ɪn ðə ˈəðər rum, ənd hɪz ˈbɑdi wɑz seɪɪŋ ðə seɪm θɪŋ. soʊ wi ˈlɪsən. ə ˈdəbəl ˈʧizbərgər, fraɪz ənd ˈmɪlkˌʃeɪk ˈleɪtər ənd wi fil ˈtɛrəbəl. bət wi ər ˈhæpi. ˈʤænjuˌɛri 9 ˈwəri əˈbaʊt təˈdeɪ. ˈʤænjuˌɛri 10 ˈweɪkɪŋ əp fər ə lɔŋ rən ɪz wət ˌɪˈmæʤən ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ əv ə ʤɑb ˈɪntərvˌju filz laɪk. ju meɪnˈteɪn ə ˈnərvəs ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən. ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ, bət lɛft ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əv weɪz ju kən skru ɪt əp. ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈwəri ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈstəmək ˈɪʃuz. it wən rɔŋ θɪŋ, ənd ɪt kʊd bi kræmps fər ə ˈkəpəl aʊərz ər ən ˌɪmˈprɑmptu ˈbæθˌrum stɑp. moʊst ˈrənərz wɪl lʊk tɪ iʧ ˈəðər əˈbaʊt fər ə pi breɪk, bət ə tɪ bi ðə fərst wən tɪ broʊʧ ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt. ˈkəstəˌmɛri, ənd ˈʤɛnərəli əˈpriʃiˌeɪtɪd. ɪf wən həz tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ mɔr ðən teɪk ə pɪs, ðə grup wɪl weɪt ənd ˈɔfən ˈdoʊˌneɪt ðɛr ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈtɔɪlət ˈpeɪpər ɛz wɛl. ən aʊər ˈɪntu ðə rən ðoʊ, bɛts ər ɔf. dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn haʊ gʊd əv frɛndz ər ˈtimˌmeɪts ju hæv, weɪt fər ə kwɪk pi. bət ɪn ə lɑrʤ kru, ɪt maɪt bi ɪkˈspɛktɪd ðət hæv tɪ pleɪ kæʧ əp. ðə ˈnaɪtˌmɛr ɪz ˈpʊlɪŋ ɔf ðə pæk tɪ skwɑt aʊt əv ˈkərtəsi, ənd ðɛn ˈhævɪŋ ən aʊər əv ˈsoʊˌloʊ ˈrənɪŋ bɪˈkəz ju gɪt kɔt ɪn ə strim əv ˈnɛvər ˈɛndɪŋ waɪps. wi mɛt əp æt bɛn ənd haʊs, wɪʧ rɛsts ɪn ðə hɑrt əv ə brænd nu dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd lɛs ðən ə maɪl frəm ˈwʊdi ˈmaʊntən roʊd. ʤɪst əˈnəðər ˈɛndləs dərt roʊd wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈɔfˌʃut ˈɔpʃənz. ɪf ju ər ə prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈrənər ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈflægˌstæf, ðɪs ə bæd loʊˈkeɪʃən tɪ bi æt. ˈmævərɪk ɪz steɪɪŋ ðɛr wɪθ ðɛm fər hɪz stɪnt, ˈləki gaɪ. wi mit əp wɪθ nɪk ənd wɪl fər ə 2 aʊər ʤɔnt əv ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ. ɪt həz bɪn ə ˈkəpəl deɪz sɪns ɪt həz snoʊd, bət æt 7000 fit, ɪt kən bi ə tæsk fər ɪt ɔl tɪ mɛlt. əˈspɛʃəli wɪθ ðə roʊd ˈsɪtɪŋ ɔn wən saɪd əv ðə ˈmaʊntən wɪθ lɑts əv tri ˈkəvərɪʤ, wi wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli hæv tɪ dil wɪθ səm aɪs. ɛz wi gɪt goʊɪŋ, ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz ə bɪt ˈtɛntətɪv tɪ teɪk ðə ˈpeɪsɪŋ ˈduti fərst. aɪ noʊ aɪ æm skɛrd əv ˈrənɪŋ ðɪs lɔŋ, noʊ ˈmætər haʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz aɪ hæv dən ɪt. soʊ aɪ æm preɪɪŋ ðət wi goʊ ɛz sloʊ ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ˈsɛkəndli, aɪ wɔnt tɪ bi ðə ðə hoʊl kru ɪz kˈwaɪətli ˈkərsɪŋ. ˈrənɪŋ wɪθ nu ˈpipəl ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ fər mi. ə gʊd weɪ tɪ mɪks θɪŋz əp ənd spɑrk frɛʃ ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz ˈrəðər ðən ðə seɪm oʊld θɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈrɛgjələr kru. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz θɪŋz kən gɪt steɪl wɪn ju du ˈɛvəri rən wɪθ ðə seɪm ˈpipəl hu ˈdəbəl ɛz jʊr ˈruˌmeɪts. bət aɪ lʊk tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət maɪ tim ɪz ˈkɑntɛnt wɪθ ðə nu ˈkəmpəˌni ənd ˈsinəri. fɔrd ɪz stɪl nu ðɪs, bət ˈfrɛndli ɪˈnəf tɪ tɔk tɪ ˈɛniˌwən. ˈtrævɪs ˈmɛnʃənd ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ðət hi həz mɛt soʊ ˈmɛni mɔr ˈpipəl sɪns ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðə tim, ənd əˈspɛʃəli sɪns ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɪntu ɑr haʊs ɪn nu ˈʤərzi. ənd wɪθ soʊ ˈmɛni ˈreɪsɪz biɪŋ ɪn ðə ˌnɔrˈθist, ɪt filz laɪk ˈsəmˌwən ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈkræʃɪŋ ɔn ɑr kaʊʧ. ðɛr ər əv ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən æt moʊst ɪn ðɪs spɔrt. ˈɛvriˌwən həz ə ˈfɔrmər ˈtiˌmeɪt, ˈraɪvəl, ər koʊʧ ɪn ˈkɑmən. ənd ɪf ju ˈfɑloʊ ðə spɔrt, ðɛn ˈnæʧərəli fəˈmɪljər. ðɪs lidz tɪ ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən əv ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf aʊt əv ˈkɑmən ˈkərtəsi ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz. bi ˈiziər ɪf wi wər ˈɑnəst, noʊ hu ju ər [sɪns aɪ hæv ə computer].’*].’ gægz ɪz ðə ˈbɪgəst kəˈnɛktər θru ðə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz. hi həz koʊʧt mɔr ðən ˈɛniˌwən ɛls ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə spɔrt. ɪt simz laɪk ˈɛvəri reɪs aɪ goʊ tɪ aɪ mit ə nu ðət wɪl rɪˈfər tɪ mi ɛz əv gags’*’ boys’*’ wɪʧ ɪz ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ɛnˈdirɪŋ dɪˈskrɪpʃən. moʊst ˈæθˌlits ər praʊd tɪ bi əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðɛr koʊʧ. ˌɪnˈhɛrəntli, ðɛr ɪz ə ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl əv ˈnɛsəˌsɛri rɪˈspɛkt ɪn pleɪs, soʊ məʧ soʊ, ðət wən ɪz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ pʊt ðə feɪt əv hɪz ər hər kərɪr ˈɪntu ðə hænz əv əˈnəðər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl. ðət teɪks trəst. ɪt ɪz ˈizi tɪ hæv blaɪnd feɪθ ɪn ðə ˈgreɪtər plæn əv ə mæn hu həz bɪn ðɛr soʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz ˌbiˈfɔr. ðə neɪmz ənd əˈkɑmplɪʃmənts əv ˈfɔrmər ˈrənərz ˈəndər gags’*’ ˈtjutɪlɪʤ wʊd bi ɪˈnəf tɪ ˈkɑnstəˌtut ˈkɑnfədɛns. ðɛr ɪz ˈrɛrli ə ˈmoʊmənt əv daʊt ər kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ. nɑt ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəz əv ðoʊz hu keɪm ˌbiˈfɔr ˈjuˈɛs, bət bɪˈkəz ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ɪz ˈlɑʤɪkli saʊnd. θru jɪrz əv traɪəl ənd ˈɛrər ənd ˈmɛni ˈgɪni pɪgz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈjuˈɛs, hi həz ˈfɪgjərd ɪt aʊt [ɛz bɛst ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl] wət wərks ənd wət. ðət min hi ˈoʊpən tɪ ʧeɪnʤ. ənd pərˈhæps hɪz ˈgreɪtəst strɛŋθ ɪz hɪz ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ əˈdæpt. ɪf aɪ ˈprɛzənt ən aɪˈdiə əˈbaʊt wət aɪ θɪŋk aɪ nid, hi ɪz ˈoʊpən tɪ traɪɪŋ ɪt. bət ɪn ðə rɛr ˈɪnstəns ðət səʧ ə ˈnoʊʃən dɪz nɑt fɪt wɪˈθɪn hɪz oʊn, ðɛn hi ɪkˈspleɪnz waɪ. gægz ɪz fɑr frəm ə ə ˈfɔrmər ˈfʊtˌbɔl pleɪər. hi dɪˈskəs ðə ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ənd ˈkɛmɪkəl riˈækʃənz tɪ ˈvɛriəs ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈstɪmjəˌlaɪ ɛz səm ˈəðərz meɪ. ðoʊz ər wərdz ʤɪst wərdz ðət ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. ju wərk hɑrd, ənd ju rɪˈkəvər. pʊt strɛŋθ ənd spid ɪn ə boʊl ənd ju gɪt ə champion!’*!’ lɛs əˈbaʊt wət ju ər duɪŋ ənd mɔr əˈbaʊt haʊ ju ər duɪŋ ɪt. ənd wɪn wi ʃoʊ əp tɪ ˈpræktɪs, wi ər ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ənd tɔt tɪ bɪˈliv ðət wi kən du θɪŋz ðət wi ˈnɛvər θɔt ˈpɑsəbəl. wi ər ˈroʊlɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ɔn ðə dərt roʊd ənd ðə peɪs ɪz ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt məʧ ˈnoʊtɪs ɛz ɑr ˈbɑdiz bɪˈgɪn tɪ wɔrm. ðə pæk ˈkrɔsɪz ə geɪt ənd tɪ ə roʊd ðət həz ˈoʊnli bɪn ˈspɑrsli plaʊd. ən ˈɛnvəˌloʊp əv aɪs. ðə ˈbreɪvər soʊlz hæv noʊ ˈɪʃu məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪŋ ðə təreɪn, bət aɪ æm ə kaʊərd wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ðɪs stəf. fɔrd ɪz ˈdrɑpɪŋ bæk ɛz wɛl ənd duɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ hi kən tɪ steɪ ɔn hɪz fit. ðə roʊd ɪz ʃoʊɪŋ noʊ saɪnz əv ˌɪmˈpruvmənt, soʊ ˈæftər ʤɪst ə fju ˈmɪnəts əv ˌpərsəˈvɪrəns, ˈivɪn ðə moʊst ˈstəbərn rɪˈlɛnt tɪ ˈtərnɪŋ əraʊnd. wi slaɪd bæk daʊn ðə ˈaɪsi roʊd, ənd faɪnd ə ˈdɪfərənt pæθ ðət ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli mɔr. θæŋk gɑd. ɪt wʊd wɛr mi daʊn ˈmɛnəli lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr maɪ ˈbɑdi broʊk ɪf aɪ hæd tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt ˈbælənsɪŋ ðə hoʊl taɪm. ɔn ðə lɛs priˈkɛriəs ˈsərfəs, aɪ fil maɪ lɛgz ˈpɪˌkəp ˌəndərˈniθ mi, ənd aɪ pʊʃ tɪ ðə frənt. ðə bæk grup həz tərnd fər ðɛr ˈʃɔrtər rən, ənd ðə pæk həz naʊ ʃrəŋk sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli. fər jɪrz ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ, aɪ wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz pɑrt əv ðə fərst tərn əraʊnd. aɪ teɪk ə ˈspɛʃəl praɪd ɪn naʊ biɪŋ ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə lɔŋ kru. ðə ˈnɑvəlti həz jɛt tɪ wɛr ɔf. aɪ æm wɪθ dɑn, wɪl, nɪk, ˈtrɛvər ənd ˈmævərɪk ɪz ˈteɪlɪŋ. ɛz ɪt ˈhæpənz, wɪl ɪz ˈkrækɪŋ ʤoʊks ənd ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈstɔriz. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz greɪt tɪ rən wɪθ gaɪz hu kən kip ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ʤɪst goʊz baɪ ˈfæstər. səm ˈpipəl meɪ prɪˈfər pis ənd kwaɪət tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈbriðɪŋ ənd tɪ gɪt lɔst ɪn ðɛr oʊn mi. rɪˈfrɛʃɪŋ, ənd laɪk ˈhɪtɪŋ pleɪ ɔn ə ˈpɔdˌkæst. taɪm floʊts baɪ, ənd wɪn ju ʧɛk jʊr wɔʧ ɔn ðə ɔˈkeɪʒənəl glæns, ɪt ɪz laɪk ˈstɛpɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə fˈjuʧər. ðoʊz 15 ˈmɪnəts goʊ? nɪk ɪz ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə mit hi həz ˈhoʊstɪd ɪn ˈmɪʃɪgən ðə pæst ˈkəpəl jɪrz. ɪt wɑz ə græs ruts reɪs, wɪθ ʤɪst ə ˈkəpəl ɪˈvɛnts, ənd ˈθaʊzənz ɪn ðə stændz æt ə ˈloʊkəl haɪ skul træk. ˈfɔrʧənətli, aɪ gɑt ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ rən ɪt ðɪs pæst jɪr, ənd ˈɛndɪd əp fər ə 355 nɪk wən hɪz oʊn reɪs, wɪʧ ɪz nɑt ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd ənd ˈdɛfənətli meɪks fər ə ˈfɪnɪʃ. hi dɪd pʊt ɪn ðə moʊst wərk tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈhæpən, soʊ dɪˈzərvd. aɪ wɑz ə leɪt ˈɛntri tɪ ðə fild, ənd nɪk dɪd mi ə bɪt əv ə ˈfeɪvər tɪ lɛt mi ɪn. ˈhævɪŋ sin ðət, aɪ wɑz ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd tɪ ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt ɪt ɪn maɪ oʊn ˈhoʊmˌtaʊn. kip ɪt ˈsɪmpəl, ənd du ɪt ɪn ðə ˈbæˌkjɑrd əv ə strɔŋ ˈrənɪŋ kəmˈjunɪti. ðə deɪ ˈæftər ðə reɪs ðɪs pæst ˈsəmər, aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈpɪkɪŋ breɪn ɔn ɑr rən əˈbaʊt haʊ tɪ pʊl ɪt ɔf. ðət ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən kənˈtɪnjuz təˈdeɪ. ənd ʤɪst ɛz wi ər ˈɛndɪŋ, hi sɪz traɪ ənd kəm tɪ maɪ reɪs tɪ peɪ bæk ðə ˈfeɪvər. ðə ˈdaɪəˌlɔg muvz ˈɛlsˌwɛr, bət aɪ teɪk ə ˈmoʊmənt tɪ riˈtreɪs wət hi ʤɪst sɛd ɪn maɪ hɛd. pliz tɛl mi aɪ hərd ðət raɪt. ˈtrɛvər pʊlz ɔf tɪ juz ðə ˈbæθˌrum. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt ɪn ðə rən, ɔn hɪz oʊn. wi hæv ʤɪst ə ˈkəpəl maɪəlz lɛft, ənd wi ˈɑbləˌgeɪtɪd tɪ stɑp ənd weɪt. wɪθ ðət sɛd, aɪ æm ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, ənd ˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ pʊl ɔf wɪθ ɪm. bət aɪ æm ˈkɑnfədənt ɪn maɪ ˈkoʊlən. ˈhoʊpfəli ðɪs ˈhjubrəs wɪl nɑt bi ðə ˈdaʊnˌfɔl əv maɪ rən. wi ˈɛnər ə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd wɪθ ə ˈhɪli maɪl lɔŋ lup. wəns ðɪs ɪz ˈfɪnɪʃt, bi hoʊm fri. aɪ ʧɛk aʊt dɑn, ənd hi lʊks soʊ ˈkəmfərtəbəl. aɪ heɪt dɑn. wɪl ɪz ˈsaɪtɪŋ taɪərd lɛgz ˈæftər ə təf ˈwərˌkaʊt ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. ðət meɪks mi fil ˈbɛtər; aɪ æm nɑt əˈloʊn. ðɪs hoʊl rən meɪ hæv bɪn ə bɪt ˈrɛkləs ɔn maɪ pɑrt. aɪ wɑz ˈplænɪŋ tɪ teɪk ɪt ˈizi maɪ fərst wik æt ˈæltəˌtud tɪ əˈlaʊ maɪ ˈbɑdi səm taɪm tɪ əˈʤəst. ɔl ðə ədˈvaɪs aɪ hæd hərd wɑz ˈnɛvər tɪ dɪg jʊr ˈbɑdi ˈɪntu ə hoʊl hir bɪˈkəz ə ˈhɑrdər tɪ dɪg ˈjɔrsɛlf aʊt. bət aɪ θɪŋk aɪ fil gʊd. ər æt list ɛz gʊd ɛz ɪkˈspɛkt ˈsəmˌwən tɪ fil æt 7000 fit fər æt peɪs. ðə haʊs ɪz ɪn saɪt, ənd wi ər ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˈræpədli. aɪ teɪk ə lʊk æt ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. dɑn, ə ˈjuˈɛs oʊˈlɪmpiən hu ˈfɪnɪʃt ɪn ˈləndən fər ðə ˈstipəˌlʧeɪs. wɪl ɪz ə ˈmaɪlər ənd ˈməltəpəl taɪmz ˈnæʃənəl ˈʧæmpiən. ənd nɪk həz ən oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˈsɪlvər ˈmɛdəl. ðɛn kɪd traɪɪŋ tɪ meɪk ɪt. aɪ æm ˈlʊkɪŋ əraʊnd æt ðiz gaɪz fər traɪɪŋ tɪ teɪk ɪn ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. aɪ ˈlɪsən tɪ ðə ˈditeɪlz ənd teɪk noʊts. ðeɪ du ɪt? bɪˈkəz aɪ wɔnt tɪ du ɪt tu. ənd waɪ aɪ æm hir ɪn ˈflægˌstæf. ðɛr ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ biɪŋ hir. ˈmeɪbi ðə ˈæltəˌtud; ˈmeɪbi ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. aɪ bɪn hir ə wik jɛt, soʊ aɪ noʊ. bət ˈkəmɪŋ hir fər ðə mənθ wɑz ə lip, ənd ə ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. aɪ æm ˈrɛdi tɪ stɑrt traɪɪŋ tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈhæpən, ˈrəðər ðən ˈʧɛkɪŋ maɪ wɔʧ tɪ si wɪn ɪt wɪl kəm. wi ˈfɪnɪʃ ðə rən ənd wi ər ˈstændɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd bɛn ənd haʊs duɪŋ drɪlz, ənd səm laɪt ˈstrɛʧɪŋ. nɪk əˈproʊʧɪz mi fər ə ənd θæŋks mi fər ə gʊd rən. æm ˌɪmˈprɛst mæn. fər ə gaɪ laɪk ju, wɪθ jʊr spid, tɪ kəm aʊt hir ənd rən ɪt ʃoʊz ˈsɪriəsli fɪt. aɪ θɪŋk ˈsɛtɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf əp fər ə gʊd season.’*.’ ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl laɪn əv dumas’*’ kaʊnt əv ˈmɑnti cristo’*’ ɛz ˈɛdmənd seɪlz ɔf ˈɪntu ðə ˈdɪstəns, ɪt ɪz kənˈkludɪd: ˈjumən ˈwɪzdəm ɪz kənˈteɪnd ɪn ðiz wərdz, ənd hope.”’*.”’ ɪt simz laɪk gʊd ədˈvaɪs, bət aɪ hæv ɪˈnəf taɪm. ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts ʃɛr ðɪs: tˈwɪtər ˈfeɪsˌbʊk laɪk ðɪs: laɪk ˈloʊdɪŋ... rɪˈleɪtɪd
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january 3
i am on the plane, and the stewardess has to take a seat because the turbulence is getting rough. this is when i start thinking about death, and i know the majority of the people sitting beside me are as well. it’s a strange phenomenon. i have done the research on the safety features of commercial airlines—to ease my fears. but it doesn’t matter that i know that a flight has never gone down due to some bumps, i still think about how much it would suck to be the first. there is still so much left for me to do. i can’t die with this mile time. as we creep out of the bumps, i turn my music up, adjust myself in the seat and put on a tough face. i tell myself i wasn’t scared, but the wet spots under my arms tell a different story.
the flight is heading into phoenix, direct from jfk. we were delayed two hours, and i had sent on constant updates to my ride. no one likes having to rely on someone else when it comes to travel, but that’s part of maintaining friendships. i’ll get them back. waiting for me is donn, trevor and tommy d.
turns out they had to go back to the airport anyways. donn had lost a bag two days prior when he flew in. this was not a case of the airline-misplacing luggage. donn brought all his necessities on board with him, and put that carry on down while grabbing his other suitcase from the carousel. so now he has to go retrieve it, and i guess i do as well.
as soon as i get off the plane, my stomach is rumbling. i suppose a cup of coffee and a small bag of salted peanuts wasn’t enough to hold me off on the flight. i am much too frugal to overpay for a crappy sandwich on the flight, but i justify it out of principle. even though the guys have been waiting for 15 minutes beyond what they were hoping, i still stop to grab a snack. the half-sandwich and soup combo is a staple of my diet, and today is no different. i didn’t ask for the extra cookie, it was part of my new year’s resolution to eat healthy, but the cute cashier accidentally gave me one. i will choose to take it as a sign that i need this cookie.
my phone rings and i see that it is trevor, and he is looking for me. i haven’t seen him since before christmas, and i am excited to be back with my teammates. he and donn were two of my biggest college rivals while they were at princeton, but we have since become friends and training partners. trevor and i lived together two years ago while both at texas for graduate school. now he only lives 30 minutes away, a bit across the border into pennsylvania.
as i pile into the car i am excited to see the smiling tommy d sitting at the helm. since graduating from princeton he has moved to phoenix, and in addition to working for the suns, has continued to run. tommy was a good runner in college, posting a best of 29:41 for 10k, but has since really thrived since graduating. since then he has crushed 100+ mile weeks, won the denver marathon and qualified for the olympic trials with a 64-minute half. we spent time together in japan a year ago for the ekiden relays, and that’s when i got to know him beyond being just another princeton jersey.
i am clueless of the plan. i left my trust for the entire trip’s itinerary in donn’s hopefully capable hands. so i ask for a debriefing. we are heading back to tommy’s apartment for the night, and we’ll make the trip to flagstaff tomorrow after our long run. donn unfortunately wasn’t able to locate his bag at the airport, and will have to wait another couple days to get it back. despite this hiccup, morale remains high.
tommy’s phone buzzes and he checks a text, and regretfully announces that he has some bad news for donn. turns out that the dog tore up one of his running shoes back at the apartment. i look as his face drops. it’s not his day.
the apartment is in old scottsdale, a fancy suburb of phoenix, and the complex fits well into that description. the two-bedroom apartment is beautifully furnished, and an ideal bachelor pad. i throw my bags down, fish out some shoes and shorts [for donn as well], and prepare to head out for a shakeout run. donn already ran once this morning, but my flight left too early to get it in before leaving.
we take off out of the apartment, cross two streets and hit a dream-like canal path that runs straight into the mountains. it’s 50 degrees out; we are both in just shorts and a t-shirt. my legs still have some shit in them from the flight, but this is the best way to flush it all out. being in the air for 5 hours does weird things to your body. i twisted my ankle a few weeks ago, and it hasn’t been an issue, but since landing it has inflated all over again.
donn and i live together now in new jersey, along with five more. but we are two of the higher mileage guys on the team, and so it feels like we are always running together. our strides have a way of falling into rhythm with each other now. after a thousand miles in sync, it’s natural. the sun has set behind the mountains, but the sky is still illuminated pink in the horizon. it’s just enough light that we don’t have to worry about footing.
both of us have just returned from vacations in the caribbean with our respective families. it’s relieving to hear that my struggles of training while there were not exclusive to me. donn was also terrified of the strays, and perhaps worse, the guard dogs. the heat and humidity was unbearable, and the roads would hardly be considered runnable between the traffic, hills and potholes. but perhaps worst of all is the temptation of the beach vacation lifestyle. it’d have been much easier to sleep in and head down to the beach for breakfast and a pina colada.
we are constantly reading each other’s online running logs whether together or away. partially to check in on how the other person is doing out of interest or to hear about a workout from someone else’s perspective. but my log has become a sort of diary to me since i first started it in high school. now it’s a ritual. it accounts not just for the runs, but the emotions of the journey.
donn brings up a specific entry of mine from a few days prior, my final log from vacation. he struggles to piece together his thoughts on my own reflections, but i can take away his main point; he likes them. i had written about how difficult it was to make the sacrifices of training while in paradise, but how i had willfully held myself responsible for the work. in the end i was proud of myself, and so was donn.
‘i just always had this idea in my head that if someone wants to accomplish something great, that they need to go above and beyond to get there. like they have to put forth a superhuman effort, or do something special that makes them earn it before they actually go out and earn it in a race. and i know you work hard, and i see how good you are. but something about seeing you grind out last week makes me root for you so much harder, because you deserve the success of making an olympic team.’
donn often communicates his ideas rather bluntly, but i am used to it by now. i don’t take what he says to mean that i did not previously deserve it, but that i have proven [to donn] that i definitely do. coming from an olympian, this is a high compliment.
luckily we finish up the 50-minute run just before the pace starts getting too fast to be considered a shakeout run. talking about goals is the quickest was to inject a surge of pace into an easy day. trevor is already in the weight room back at the apartment and we stop by the room to grab tommy d and let him know we are back.
since we have a long run tomorrow, i am not going to do a big lift, but want to just get a little something in while we have access to such a nice facility. i get just enough blood pumping that i feel like i accomplished something. my attention span is also low, since tommy and trevor have moved their way into the basketball court, and look like they’re having more fun than us. i make a compromise with myself; 5 minutes of core, and then i can shoot some hoops.
i’m terrible. i want to see how many free throws i can make in ten. the first one barley makes it to the front of the rim, but i chalk it up to the fact that i had just been in the gym. eight shots later, and i still haven’t hit a single one. so i quit.
before heading up to the room, trevor and i jump into the pool to fully marvel at tommy’s living situation. i think about what my life would be like if i lived here with a buddy of my own, and worked a traditional 9 to 5. at first, it’d probably be pretty great. i’d come home from work and do exactly what we did this evening: run, lift, play basketball, and swim. but then i feel like i’d need a goal to chase; just something to make each day a little bit more exciting. and that’s probably why tommy is running another marathon in a couple weeks.
while waiting for trevor to finish his shower, i jump into the locker room’s sauna. the steam is too dense to see my hand in front of my face. as i take a seat to enjoy the heat, my mind flashes back to the run and donn’s words. i made a few sacrifices in the caribbean, but one week of running while on vacation isn’t exactly superhuman, or some grandiose effort. but maybe it’s just the mindset. and i guess that’s why we are headed to flagstaff for the month—to try and deserve it.
january 4
every 24 year old is in a perpetual state of considering getting a dog. regardless of his chewing up donn’s shoe, i had fallen in love with the pup the previous night. but at 7am i am awoken by a thunderous stampede of a dog running through the apartment. before i can put up my defenses, my face is being licked and i experience a peek into potential future mornings–ones with responsibility. there will be no dogs for me anytime soon.
trevor is fast asleep on the couch beside me. somehow he has managed to ignore the commotion. my nose is still stuffed up, and there is a pile of ripped tissues hiding beneath my pillow. i try to sniffle and blow the gook out without waking the whole apartment. today’s long run should be fun.
before putting my contacts in, i’m wandering with limited visibility. i stumble on an espresso machine that appears nice enough to merit it’s own coffee shop. maybe i should get a real job so i could afford something similar. there’s a fruit bowl over pouring with bananas. who would possibly notice one missing? i take a seat at the counter and crack open my book, ‘the idiot’ and wait.
after an hour of reading and two americanos later, donn and tommy d are awake and starting their own morning routine. everyone has his or her own habits before the day’s effort. i am only going 16 or so today rather than my normal 18. every third or fourth week, i take a down week to recover, and with two flights and a lot of excitement, this was an appropriate time. but tommy is tuning up for his race, and was planning on 10 easy, followed by another 10-12 miles at 540 pace. donn is going to join him for the whole thing, and trevor and i have been coerced to link up for our portion.
we head out the door and tommy is carrying a string bag that he’s going to drop out on the course. it has water, gels, and a pair of racing flats. trevor is renown for his ability to roll out of bed and run an honest pace. it’s impressive, but could be annoying. it used to be a lot worse, though after countless snide comments through the years, he has dialed it back and it’s no longer a major issue. but he still takes to the front and we are tucked in behind. it’s kind of nice to have a built in rabbit to the group.
.
the path is a bit monotonous, besides a golf course that we cut through a few miles out on the trail. a few older gentlemen wish us a good morning, and jokingly encourage us to join them for their round. they’re laughing because one of them suggests that we picked the wrong sport. at this point in the run, i chuckle at the joke. however, in 8 more miles i may be more willing to agree with their point.
the discussion turns to ken cormier, the 2004 footlocker national champion who is originally from arizona. a couple weeks ago a popular running news site wrote a ‘where is he now?’ type article, about the guy who once dominated prep cross-country. after running for a couple years at the university of arkansas, ken had decided to retire and join the marines as a sniper, eventually being deployed to afghanistan. he was known for running an unreal amount of mileage for a high school kid, upwards of 120 miles per week, but had decided to move on to the next stage of life.
i start to share with the guys that ken had been my camp counselor for a couple years when i was younger. a lot of our runs had been with just the two of us, and as a young dreamer, he was a wealth of motivation. when you’re first starting out, anything is possible. any given season could be the breakout, and if you work hard enough, your body can learn to do things you’d never expect. hearing his story imprinted me with that belief. i still believe it to be [mostly] true.
we stroll through 10 miles in about 68 minutes, not too fast, but honest enough. we stop so that tommy can change out his shoes for a lighter pair, and for a quick bathroom break. donn and i both take a single knee to the ground for a stealthy piss. after a sip of water, we set back on the path and roll into a swift pace.
the first 3 miles are a hair above 540 pace, and minus a heavy dose of mucus, i feel fine. but as soon as we turn, a gust of wind hits us in the face, and i realize that we had been running with the breeze. no wonder it was so easy. trevor and i share the lead, and keep it honest, allowing tommy and donn to sit in our draft since they’re running significantly more. i keep checking my watch, counting down the seconds until we are finished. i am not struggling, but i have felt better and am straddling the line of the comfort zone.
we finish up just below the 540 threshold we had aimed for, and trevor and i jog it in for 17 on the day. my right upper thigh is torn up and raw. i have been chaffing the last week, but i don’t realize how bad it is until we are about finished. there’s only a little blood.
trevor and i quickly shower, get changed into street clothes and chug some liquids. we grab a couple energy bars as we head out the door, and plan to meet the guys at the finish for a little encouragement and camaraderie. just as we are walking up, we see them finish and throw some high-fives their way. they’re fired up. the final tally was 22 miles, with the last 12 at 530 pace. the closing mile was 508. tommy had clearly been downplaying his fitness all of yesterday.
since arriving, tommy has been raving about his favorite lunch spot. we get our bags together so we can get the rental car and head up to the mountains after eating. as soon as we sit down i get a text from my girlfriend, patricia, who is back east. for christmas i had given her a voucher for a flight to come visit me in flagstaff. partially because i selfishly don’t want to go a full month without seeing her, but even more so, i want her to see the grand canyon.
it’s not going to work though. she can’t get off work, and i understand, but i am disappointed and try to convince her otherwise. it’s a no go. and i think she can sense i am upset. so we start planning a different trip for us to take after the indoor season. i realize i have been zoned out this entire meal, and apologize to the guys. they hadn’t noticed.
we wish tommy goodbye, and thank him for the hospitality. we get the car after long arguments with the attendant and many meticulous readings of all contracts. donn’s mother is a lawyer, and it’s obvious right now. he opts out of the insurance, and solidifies himself as the only driver of this car. coming from a family of insurance salesmen, i disagree with the move. it’s getting late, and we will only see the final flashes of sunset before the mountains block us out.
the majority of radio stations won’t transmit, and there’s a peaceful comfort in the silence. we’ve left the chaos of the northeast for this reason. donn finds a classical station that is humming vivaldi. i wonder what he’d think of today’s lady gaga. just noise, or could he see the appeal? jumping three hundred years in the progression of music might be confusing.
i have been to flagstaff once before on a road trip with a few friends. following the end to a terrible season, i needed time to think. so we got in the car and drove the whole country. we had stopped in town for brunch.
as we pull into the driveway and there’s an anxious energy to run inside and see where we’ll be living. the door is pushed open and we are screaming with excitement. there is running from room to room, turning all the lights on and yelling about the size of the showerheads. it’s just a normal house. but it’s our house. we open the back shades and there’s a high school track in our yard. it’s like donn planned this.
there are three queen mattresses, one bedroom with a set of bunk beds, and a second living area in the basement with a futon. donn rightfully gets his first choice and takes a room to himself in the basement. the bathroom across the hall has a locker room style shower, and enough space to sit and stretch when he’ll be too exhausted to stand post-run. trevor and i take one for the team, and i get the bottom. the guys getting in tomorrow hopefully appreciate this gesture.
our stomachs are once again growling. this happens after long runs. we set off to meet up with alejandro, who is now in grad school at nau. he’s a former teammate of donn and trevor from princeton. i used to hate all these guys because they wore a different uniform. now they’re friends. we are headed to a mexican place that’s been on tv a few times. that endorsement is plenty.
i first really met alejandro at a race in mexico in 2012. i was representing the us at 1500, and he was running the 10k for mexico. the stadium was just minutes from where he grow up. as we flip through the menu asking questions about what each dish is, he answers us like a tour guide. he uses his hands a lot when he talks, and his eye contact is thorough. it’s refreshingly polite. spanish is his first language, and his accent is seeping through. he’s fun to listen to.
almost immediately alejandro let’s us know that he has some news; he’s leaving school. he’s burnt out on it. my mind flashes to this morning’s conversation of ken cormier. he’s been away from home for seven years, and the classes are leaving him a bit empty and wanting a break.
‘i am a perfectionist. i don’t like to do something unless i am fully in it, and school isn’t motivating me right now. i worked so hard for years, and i need a break. i thought i could go right into it, but i need to relax. i need me time. i am going to give myself six months.’
this is a sobering conversation to have. we had actually already known this. tommy had informed us earlier, but we didn’t let alejandro know we were expecting the news. we ask him a few questions, and provide some supportive comments. he doesn’t seem stressed about it though. the weight has been lifted because the decision has been made. he can breathe now.
alejandro moves on and starts telling us everything we need to know about flagstaff. he hasn’t been here long, but it’s still longer than us. the list goes on, but the truth is, we’ll probably be relatively boring the next month. we came for the trails.
i ordered the waitress’ favorite plate. always trust the expert. it is overflowing with food, and just hot enough to break a light sweat. with each bite i apologize with moderate embarrassment to alejandro for my lack of spice tolerance. it’s humiliating to be patting my forehead with a napkin.
on the ride home, trevor and donn are talking about his decision to leave school. they remain sympathetic and reassuring even after we have said goodbye. he hasn’t told his friends, coaches, roommates or anyone else in flagstaff yet. but at least it’s been decided.
january 5
last night did not go well. i have never slept in a bottom bunk before, but i felt like i was in a pod on a spaceship. the low ceiling made everything claustrophobic. the house sits just above 6900 ft. and the altitude makes sleeping problematic while first acclimating. bladders become overactive, breathing is more difficult, throats get dry and all dreams are unsettlingly lucid. by morning, i had been in three different beds trying to get comfortable, and had only a few hours asleep.
trevor is just walking into the house as i roll out of bed at 8am. he has a few bags of groceries in hand. i put on some oversized wool socks i got for christmas, and grab my book before sitting on the couch. this is how i know i have grown up. socks, sweaters, books, a french press and a nice blanket now constitute a great holiday gift-haul.
his night apparently went the same way as mine. there is no sign of donn. last night he had been complaining about his throat and he sounded nervous about getting sick. he threw out the crazy idea of possibly taking the day off. the donn i know doesn’t take days off, so i can only imagine how much his throat must be bothering him.
i can hear the skillet getting going in the kitchen, and the smell is overwhelming. trevor is frying up some eggs, and graciously offers me some. memories of our time in austin came back to me. he’s a great person to live with for reasons like this. we take a seat at the counter and enjoy a small breakfast. rather than a cup of coffee, i opt to drink some emergen-c and take my iron pills. we are here specifically to boost our red blood cells. and the caffeine would block the iron absorption, but unfortunately i am still tired.
donn finally stumbles into the kitchen a bit before 10. his first question, when are we running? i guess he’s not taking the day off. the weather forecast is pulled up on a phone, but proper dress is still ambiguous. opening the door and stepping outside paints a better picture. shocking. the trend in flagstaff is frigid mornings, and warm afternoons; even in the winter.
i am chatting with a buddy of mine back home, matt. he used to live and train in flagstaff, but now manages the running store i used to work at in new jersey. we came here blind. it snowed a few days ago, so he is giving us advice about the local trails and what’d be clear. on his suggestion, old walnut canyon road is the decision.
it’s about a 10-minute drive from the house. we are just outside town, but it feels like the wilderness here. the road is packed down dirt so hard that it feels like it has been poorly paved. my body is begging for something other than iced over roads. the cadence starts out conservative. this is our first of many runs at altitude, and the general vibe is to take it easy. the elevation in itself will be the workout.
donn wants to go 7. trevor and i want to go 10. we are trotting along and the excitement is building–for this run. for this month. for this season. we made the right call coming here. it’s immediately obvious. there are mountain ranges behind us, and the road is endless. the terrain is soothingly undulating, and the weather is ideal. we are all overdressed; the snow on the ground fooled us.
this is what professional runners do. they have training camps at altitude, and we are all feeling a bit more professional about our approach this year. in addition to our own club, there are oregon track club runners, guys from warhurst’s crew, and other scattered elites here for the month. and of course there are the residents from team run flagstaff, northern arizona elite, and beyond. now we are apart of it. stepping on the line this year, we will have had the same opportunities.
before we realize, we are over 30 minutes in. donn missed his turn around–probably on purpose. every step is another step exploring. trevor makes the decision and we flip. we’ll add on a mile after we drop him off.
trevor had a tough last year. he had moved home, started coaching basketball at his old hs, and was much happier than i had ever seen him while we are at texas. normally happiness corresponds with fast times. but things never clicked, and it was like he was behind from day one on runs and workouts. so he called his season early after some bad races, and gave himself a huge build up to prepare for 2015. a lot of people give themselves one year after college and kind of see how things are going before determining if it’s worth continuing. and that’s why trevor’s mindset is admirable. that was never his idea. he is in this for the long haul. one rough season wasn’t enough to deter him. and he was disappointed, but he wasn’t dissuaded. instead he upped his mileage, changed his lifting program, bought an altitude tent, and committed to even more sleep and recovery. he did exactly what every coach would have wanted him to do. which is the opposite of what would have been easier.
trevor is fit. he starts off the conversation claiming that he is in the best shape of his life. i don’t disagree, but this is a common thing for people to say that always kind of irks me. the only time that you should really be saying ‘i’m in the best shape of my life’ is right after you set a personal best. we have races to prove fitness. there is a difference between being strong from running a lot of mileage, and being ready to pop a swift 1500. but he does have a point, because he is by far the strongest he’s ever been.
now he begins to go off about how he is lacking pop. that was my point! he says he is lacking speed, and his plan to get some back is to do a better job stretching and recovering, and hoping that it brings some life back into his legs for the fast days. i contend this. if you want pop, you need to back off mileage. you can’t have pop while running all-time mileage highs, but once you back off, the spring will return. he laughs at this idea, and shoots it down instantly. there is no way he’s backing off mileage, so he has to find another way. perhaps some plyos, or a shake up to his lifting routine. again, i argue. if you want pop, you need to spend less time on your feet–you can’t have both. donn is shaking his head as we ramble on this tangent for the tenth minute. he doesn’t have an opinion, aside from wanting to change the subject.
a couple miles out we turn the corner and see three runners coming our way. it’s obvious they’re good. all of their form is smooth, and they’re in half-tights. two giveaways. we pass by and exchange pleasantries. it’s some of the oregon track club guys, ciaran, ben, and tom.
we get back to the cars and donn is done, and trevor and i set off for one more mile. we only have to go a few minutes out, virtually nothing and it feels like we are stealing mileage. after finishing up, we do some dynamic stretches and drills. these are the little things that we promised ourselves we’d do. just as we are setting off to go, the otc guys come back over the hill. we shake hands, say hey, and get talking about flagstaff. they have some more experience here than us.
the longer you’ve been in the sport, the more you see the same faces. ciaran and i spent some time together in ireland this past summer, his home. he just got back from a weekend at the rose bowl in pasadena and i ask him how it was. tom and ben start laughing, and i realize that it looks like i just took a friendly jab at him since his team, florida state, lost. this i forgot. ben is from minnesota, and tom is from the uk. each individual accent is exaggerated by the next. we get a recommendation of where to go for brunch, and part ways.
we meet alejandro at macy’s, which looks familiar. this is the one spot in flagstaff i recognize. it’s a trendy vegetarian café, with a modern woods-vibe. once the coffee has cooled to be drinkable, i chug it all. he fills us in on the conversation with his coach and says he feels good about it. it was handled professionally, and honestly. he has nothing but positive things to say about his experience running for northern arizona. it just wasn’t the right time in his life to be there.
as donn is pulling the car out, a white truck comes up from behind and starts aggressively honking at us. he panics a bit, as the lack of insurance is a constant stressor to his mind. but a friendly wave out the window shows a familiar face. will and aisha are pulling up from behind to take our spot. i hop out of the car to say hello. will is a bit of a nomad. his coach, ron, is based in michigan, but he is always jumping around. aisha, his girlfriend, lives in eugene and runs for otc, so he is understandably there often. he spent a week with us in new jersey during september before the 5th avenue mile.
will gives us a big welcoming embrace. he’s a major advocate for this place. his hair is being worn long, and in a ponytail. his signature beard is full. at some point in the year, it will most likely become a mustache. i invite them over for dinner tonight, and throw out in an invitation to run sometime later in the week. they’re just getting settled into their house that they’ll call home for the next month and a half.
we hop back into the car, but see two more familiar faces walk past the car as we do. it’s maverick and hassan. maverick looked at our group this past fall, and almost joined, but instead went to michigan to be coached by ron. there are no hard feelings for not coming. everyone is always looking for the perfect situation. each of the country’s groups has their strengths and weaknesses, and they line up differently depending on the person. hassan is in the otc crew, and he’s difficult to see from the low car. he’s 6’2 but as lanky as they come. perhaps that’s why he ran so fast last year.
getting into town and seeing so many people is no real shock. everyone is here. and even if you don’t personally know everyone, you at least know of them. you know how fast they ran last year, where they live, what college they attended, and who they’re dating. there is amity in it. each of us has dedicated our lives to the same pursuit. how fast can i get? and that creates solidarity. though at the same time, we are all in each other’s way. we wish everyone the best, but only as far as not interfering in our own hunt of the dream. only one runner can win a race. and every four years, only three runners can make an olympic team [per event]. we aspire to see a friend succeed, but only if their best is a bit worse than our own.
back at the house, we stretch for a matter of minutes before we each collapse on the couches. the poor night of sleep and altitude has begun to catch up on us. the rest of the guys are coming in from new jersey later this evening. the peace and quiet will be short-lived.
when we wake up a couple hours later, we almost immediately start tying our shoes for the second run. donn is coming along–so much for being sick. it’s dark now with a purple sky fading in the distance. the trail by our house is still under a coating of ice. the run is only a half hour, and the pace is dawdling. as it frequently happens, the conversation turns to training. more time is spent talking about what we are doing, than actually doing it.
alejandro is back at our house, and we walk into peppers on the stove, and tomatoes being diced. he promised us a home cooked meal of enchiladas. i suppose we should help. the next hour is filled with chopping, guacamole, horchata, music, spanish, and stories of home. we are being treated to authenticity, and our third night of mexican. as the final preparations are being made, i get a video call from patricia back home. she gets a full tour of the house, and a recount of the day as i am getting yelled at because dinner is starting.
the food is delicious. i am still sweating as we fall into a food-coma in front of the 50-inch television that hasn’t been turned on yet. this is satisfaction.
when ford finally arrives, he arrives. the door slams open and he is yelling about mt humphreys, which is high enough to cast a shadow over our house. he loves the outdoors and hiking, but new jersey isn’t exactly a hot bed for it. jack follows in with a wallow. i could spot jack from a mile away by his walk. he’s beaming. last spring, when he ran for furman elite, he had spent a month here in flagstaff and fell in love with the place. travis is bawling in laughter. ford can have that effect on people.
they are each giddy checking it out, just as we were yesterday. they pick rooms, compliment and thank donn for the legwork. it felt like we were just getting settled into a routine before they arrived. it only took 24 hours to get established. it was peaceful, and our dynamic was set. but now there are six of us, and training camp starts.
january 6
i slept a little bit better last night. things will improve as the days pass. still in bed, i check my phone and go over an email i had received yesterday from coach gagliano, or gags, as he is more commonly referred to. he sent us the workout we would have been doing today, if we in new jersey: 10 x 1k w/ 2 minutes rest. the times that accompany the workout are for sea level. with the thinner air at altitude, breathing is harder, and times need to be slowed down to exert the same effort.
even though gags is a hall of fame coach, having guided countless olympians and sub-4 milers, he has rarely had athletes train at altitude. he may be 77 years old, but he is open to experimenting with the new stimulus. he trusts us to make adjustments to the pace. trevor, donn and i will drive down to sedona, at 4500 ft. to do the session. it’s still altitude, but it makes the workload more doable.
the morning starts with a drive to see doctor chapman. he is the associate director of sports science and medicine for usa track and field. having just gotten to altitude he is going to draw some blood and perform a carbon monoxide rebreathing test to measure our hemoglobin mass. i am not really sure what this means, but we’ll do it again before heading back to sea level. essentially, this will tell us how well our bodies respond to altitude. some people get a huge boost from being here, whereas others do not. it’s a bell curve. for no reason whatsoever, i feel good about my chances of seeing huge benefits. it would be sort of bittersweet. there’d be this new element of training that i have never tapped into. but then i would probably start sleeping in an altitude tent, have to make more trips to the mountains each year.
sitting in the waiting room, we all have books out. i’m proud of ford, who three months ago scoffed at me for reading all the time. he accidentally stumbled on orwell’s ‘animal farm’ one day at a coffee shop, and he’s currently hooked on steinbeck. i am reading ‘norwegian wood’ by murakami, and completely enthralled. every few pages i utter, ‘this is so good!’ no one seems to care.
we get called in to get our weights measured. this, like everything, is a competition to see who will [relatively] be the lightest. donn loses. he steps on the scale and is 159, about 9 lbs. over his race weight. instantly, the teasing starts. after a few jokes, it is pointed out that he was wearing a sweatshirt, jeans, and full-tights. his bag still has not come, so the tights are his replacement underwear.
when my turn comes, i sit in the chair and get the rundown of the procedure. take blood. hyperventilate. breathe out. put the big scary mask on. breath normal. breathe out. take blood. i am a guinea pig. when it comes time to take the big scary mask off, a puddle of drool falls onto my shirt. we’ll get our preliminary results later in the day, but they’re useless without our final tally as well.
after the testing, we are chatting with the doctor and asking as many questions as possible about how we should adapt our workout. he suggests that we hold off until our fifth day here to do a real session. instead, some easy 200s tomorrow to acquaint the body would be better. like that, the day is changed and there is no drive to sedona.
jack is eager to head out to his favorite spot for a run. turns out, it’s old walnut canyon road. the same place as yesterday. it was a good course, and minus a one-mile patch half way through, it was devoid of heavy snow coverage. we acquiesce to his begging. jack is new to the club, and even though he’s the only one with ‘rookie’ status he is a few years older than the rest of us. his consistency as a top american miler the last six years adds to our veneration.
once again, the pace starts off easy. the air has us timid. when we hit the snow patch, the group splits up into two: the brave and the cautious. i am always careful on uneven footing, up-hills and downhills. on the other side of the tundra, ford, travis and i are jogging. this is probably going to be a common group for the month, as the three of us tend to always be restrained on easy days. when groups break into two, the conversation splits as well. the front group will talk about how the back group is too slow. the back group will talk about how the front group is too fast. all parties believe they have discovered the secret to training. i’ll flip-flop depending on the day. it just so happens that i am always right.
when my crew turns around early, i am heading out alone another 15 minutes. there are 12 easy miles on my schedule. a few minutes later i catch up to the front group, and they’re turning around, except trevor. he is squatting on the side of the road with his pants at his ankles. there’s an offer to join me [post-squat], but i let him know i just want to take it solo the rest of the way to make sure i am going easy. this exchange is in the midst of his rest stop, and done so casually. we are different—being runners. there is a comfort in our bodies that is not always found in the rest of the world. and that comfort extends to teammates. short-shorts, showers, bathroom stops, chaffing, shaved legs, and hours of empty trails filled with lewd discussion. sometimes i forget my non-runner friends don’t share that security.
just over the crest of the hill, i hit a new portion of the road i didn’t make it to yesterday. the trees open up, and the sky is clear. there is no snow here. the mountains are visible in the near distance. if i were to run long enough, i think i would hit them. my mind hears only the next footstep, and the next, and the next.
when i get back to the car, the guys are waiting for me and have been for a while. i don’t feel guilty. this is why we are here, and there is nothing else for us to do today. ford is decked out in his new hoka gear, and needs me to take a couple pictures of him for the upcoming announcement of his signing.
when we were in eugene this summer, a man called peanut reached out to us both. we were in town for a major us 1500 race that was taking place amidst the world junior championships. he wanted to tell us about hoka’s interest in signing us as sponsored athletes. the day before the race we met him with eric, our assistant coach at the time. peanut told us all about the company, and what they can do for us and why they are changing the game. ford and i were both restraining, not wanting to say too much too soon. but we were both ecstatic. someone was offering us an opportunity to run professionally. to get paid to run.
the day after the race i met with peanut again, and this time he brought jen. it had gone well, only losing in a lean by a tenth of a second. from one coffee shop, i walked to the next and shook hands with ray, who just then became my agent. a week later it was done.
my first year out of college, i was heavily supported by the new jersey*new york track club on the generosity of gags. free rent, a small stipend, and the majority of my travel. i worked 25 hours a week at a running specialty store to round out the rest. i had reached out to a bunch of shoe companies after graduation, but i was never turned down–just ignored.
ford got even less than me from the club, and was working as a lifeguard and bar-back in atlantic city, sometimes working overnight shifts. he’d have to miss practice, which was 90 minutes away from his home, because he was too exhausted by the work that was making it possible for him to continue running. he was a competitive in college, but was far from being notable on the national stage having never made it to the ncaa championships. he did run 4-flat in the mile, and would come to do that many times again. this past year he closed out the penn relays with a hard last lap, and leaned at the line only to look up at the board and see 4:00.00 next to his name. eventually, ford did get under the mark with a 3:57 to win a race in north carolina, with a crowd of onlookers tunneling the final homestretch in lane 3. he broke the curse.
we are polar opposites runners. this whole year was aimed towards reintroducing myself on the track. the comeback. the chip on my shoulder had grown immensely. since before high school, my goal was to become a professional runner. ford’s first thought of being a professional runner was at brunch that morning in eugene with peanut. i am the nerdy runner, perusing the internet, reading books, and attending camps. when i step on the line there are no surprises about who is next to me. the stats have been studied and their whole careers have been followed. ford begins a race with ignorance. maybe the guy next to him looks vaguely familiar, but he can’t match up the name to the face. it’s simple for him; run faster than everyone else.
fast-forward until today, and ford is about to announce. i had signed and announced for myself about 6 months ago, and ran the last set of races in my outdoor season in the hoka uniform. we took two very different paths to arrive at the same place, and now we trade off reps in the workouts, but in the same shoes.
january 7
you would think you’d get to a certain level and the bitch work stops. and then you see the 8th place finisher at the last olympics shoveling the snow off the track so he can get his workout in. that’s a reminder; the work never stops. a world record holder has to stretch after each run. he then gets in the gym, and lifts the weights. it’s repetitive. but the little things add up, and if you stop counting, you have to start over.
today, the little things mean shoveling the track for a half hour before we can workout. 16 x 200 w/ 1 min rest. we are out at coconino hs, and even though it’s 11 am, it looks like school has let out. there are kids everywhere as we run through campus on our warm up. we climb a hill for almost a mile, and end up at buffalo park. as soon as we get in and see the trail, it’s time to turn around. what a tease. we plan to drive up to the lot and do our cool down here.
there is a gym class running around the track when we return. this could get ugly. the coach sees us and looks intrigued, so we approach to introduce ourselves. they’ll be off in a matter of minutes, and in the mean time, he is picking our brain about who we are and what we are doing in flagstaff.
donn takes the first rep out in 34. that was our soft guide for today. keep it there or a bit faster. we jog back to the start cutting across the turf field. only lane 7 is cleared for 200m of running. trevor leads the next one out and it’s a 33. so far so good. the jog back feels shorter. a series of 32s are run once the rhythm is found. after 10 reps of silence, donn says, ‘i bet we’d be more conversational at sea level.’ he’s right.
when we finish up, i hunch over on the bleachers. my head is light, and i need water. this was the wakeup call i needed. altitude is real, and things will be hard this next month. that’s why we are here. but it will be easier on january 31 when i am back in new york for the distance medley relay. the world record should go down. it will just depend on whether or not we cross first. last year in boston, my teammate mike wind milled down the final straightaway and came up just short at the line. we were under the previous 4×800 record, but they got there first. this year, the stick will be in my hands.
he was distraught. you could see the pain in mike’s eyes, with his hands on his head wondering what he could have done differently. maybe kicking earlier, pushing the pace, or taking the outside lane. there will always be those questions for second place. the answer isn’t always clear. sometimes it’s hidden in the race itself, and other times it is in the months before, during a single track session. each day you try to make sure that it won’t be the one with the answer.
we all ran the race, but it’s possible to hide out there on a relay. not for the anchor. we jogged over to him and embraced him after he finished. it was ok. there was no blame on him; that’s part of being on a team. he kept apologizing though it couldn’t have been further from his fault. when we saw gags, he sat us down. he could hardly get a word out. his eyes were filled with pride. you don’t always need to cross the line first to win a race.
‘today–i am so freaking proud of you boys. i have been doing this for 55 years, and seeing you guys not only fight for each other–but when you saw mike struggling after—you ran to him. that’s a team. this is why we do it, for each other. and today, you reminded me why i do this.’
we drive up the mountain to cool down and donn is already talking about how excited he is to get his underwear back. the airport shipped him his bag, and travis had called to let him know that it finally came. the other guys only had an easy run today. they’re not racing indoors so there is no urgency. travis had some knee problems in september and october, so his fitness is just coming around. jack had a stress reaction in his foot that forced him to cross-train for a few weeks. and ford had strained his calf at the end of august, and was only able to do easy runs up until november. injuries are part of the sport. or better yet, avoiding them.
the rest of the day is low key. everyone has claimed a chair or couch spot in the living room, and the fire is never not going. this is going to be our routine. outside of this room, most days will involve a trip into town to visit one of the many coffee shops. the same thing happens daily in new jersey. the baristas know our names, and our orders. the goal is to get to that intimate level here before we leave. there is monotony in training. we don’t leave to go get coffee, as much as needing a reason to leave the house and put pants on.
this could be boring if it wasn’t for being surrounded by the right people. that’s the allure of having a group. the time spent waiting for the next run is filled with laughter and conversation. the same inside jokes are passed around and quickly get old, but the laughs are the same.
donn is asking jack about his time in flagstaff last spring when he was with his group from south carolina. the big question being, ‘what’s different?’ travis is noticeably listening in. there is a curiosity in wondering how things are done elsewhere, and what’s the coach and crew like. the thing we are all eager to hear is that we do it better. but jack won’t say that or anything bad about his last couple years. it’s just different.
‘they were a lot more routine. practice was at the same time everyday, and coach was always there. which has it perks because it holds you responsible. but sometimes i like being able to do my own thing here. i only see gags a couple times of a week, and he trusts that i will get the work done in between. but i needed a change. being surrounded by a bunch of new young guys is refreshing. i need that perspective.’
jack takes an extra breath and looks off for just a moment’s delay. he just stumbled onto everything that he’s never vocalized before. it’s not about growing older, but losing the idea that anything is possible. that’s my biggest fear. in my head, i could still even win the olympics one day. there are enough days left in my career. i don’t want that dream to disappear.
january 8
trevor, donn and i split off from the rest of the group again this morning to meet up with some of the local athletes, and other visitors. 8am at biff’s bagels is a longstanding tradition in flagstaff known simply as, the ‘bagel run.’ we show up and don’t see anyone. i joke that this was a prank on the new guys from out of town. donn refers to the old’ 9th green at 9 trick from ‘happy gilmore.’ we hear someone call out our names. looks like we are in the right place, just on the wrong side of the building.
as the minutes pass, more runners show up. not just neighborhood hobby joggers, but guys who can roll. the normal path is still covered in snow, so we have to head a couple miles down on the sidewalk to a dirt road that has been plowed. i immediately get in stride with forrest, who i last saw when i woke up in his hotel room following the club xc party. the race had been 30 minutes from our house, so although we didn’t race, we went to hang out afterwards. that night is still worth being recapped and laughed about.
it’s good to see him running and healthy. forrest has had some ups and downs in his career, but is back in full force claiming his recent workouts were some of his best ever. he is beaming and it’s hard not to be happy for him. we’ve all been in that same position before.
we turn right onto the dirt road, and the sun is piercing through the trees and reflecting off the snow. it’s the type of morning where sunglasses would make sense. i’ve got to pee. this happens a lot. but in a group of 20, holding it in is easier than speaking up.
the pace is honest once we warm up. the mornings are cold here. at the start, you’d want an extra jacket, some thick gloves, and a heavy hat. but by the end, you’d probably be ok in a t-shirt. so i end up dressing somewhere in between. the hills are tough and half the crew takes the strategy of hammering a bit to get it finished, and the back half takes it easy to save energy.
maverick is near the back and we take turns sniffling our noses. he is obviously fighting a cold himself, which makes it feel like an extra couple thousand feet higher. he’s moved back to michigan since graduating from wisconsin and he sounds excited to be home. there is a comfort in being where you know. maverick is in ann arbor, which is a bit over an hour away from where he grew up.
everything he says about the situation is positive. though he quips that he was almost swayed to our group by the women alone. i take this as a compliment. i like our girls. he was the reason that jack looked at our group in the first place. they were teammates at wisconsin, and like most of the track community, he had assumed we lived in the middle of manhattan. maverick let him know otherwise, and now jack is one of us.
there are a couple jokes about doing this run strictly for the bagels. my mind flashes back to hs when i would do my sunday long runs with my friend brendan, and each time we would go to the ihop by the finish. we’d count down each mile along the way, ‘3 miles until pancakes…2 miles until pancakes…’
we swing by the start just over an hour after we began, and half the crew finishes up. oh, that would be nice. instead i add on with matt, who lives and trains here full time. since graduating, he has proven himself as a name to watch on the road circuit, having already posted a 61-minute half. he’s racing again this coming weekend in houston. he has a smooth, lanky stride and i have never seen him without shades on. i don’t think we have ever actually met prior, but instead we’ve hovered on that gray line of still knowing each other thanks to the internet and social media.
a year ago, matt publicly came out as a gay professional athlete in what i consider to be an inspiring announcement. although we had never met, i had passed on an e-mail in support and just thanking him. throughout my high school, college and now professional experience, there have been teammates of mine whose struggle i have witnessed. knowing their pain and confusion in the process of finding themselves, matt’s declaration hit close to home.
‘if i make it easier for even one person to accept who they are, be comfortable in their own skin, and find their voice, then i’m satisfied.’
matt is a reminder that behind each performance is a person with a story. and the chance to meet a new athlete and exchange those stories is a special part of the sport that extends beyond the track.
as we finish the add on i expect to see the drop-off crew hanging in the bagel shop enjoying breakfast. surprisingly, it is empty. everyone had hopped in their car or headed to macy’s across the street for coffee. but i am a typical new york bagel snob. predictably, a few pretentious bagel comments had slipped through the cracks to will while on the run, and now i had to test them out for myself. i ordered a lightly toasted sesame seed bagel with lox cream cheese. that’s a standard order for me, and i want to remain consistent for my judgment to be fair. it passed.
college in new york meant my diet was not always the best. i had probably ten bagels a week, slices of pizza whenever the tiniest bit hungry, and a dirty water dog or halal food was standard for a night out. when i moved down to austin, that all changed. on my first day of classes i stopped in at einstein bagels and asked for an egg bagel. the cashier looked at me blank. i repeated my order, and she confirmed that i wanted one egg on a plain bagel. that’s when i knew i wasn’t in new york anymore. we cooked for ourselves rather than going to the dining hall, and a six-pack began to sprout.
living with ford now, travis and i call our diet accidental veganism. ford became a vegan in college after learning his cholesterol and blood pressure were out of control. he set a few huge personal bests and has been going strong since. we cook meals together so often that we will find ourselves falling asleep most nights realizing that we never ate an animal product. but then the hunger comes. and when it comes, it comes in full force.
after a short afternoon nap, i find myself stumbling into the living room delirious. travis is half passed out on the couch. as i mumble about my hunger, he nods affirming. we need meat. next to our house is a local fast food-like burger place. since arriving in flagstaff, we haven’t indulged at all. you can’t go from a holiday vacation meal plan straight into perfection. we call to trevor in the other room, and his body was saying the same thing. so we listen. a double cheeseburger, fries and milkshake later and we feel terrible. but we are happy.
january 9
don’t worry about today.
january 10
waking up for a long run is what i’d imagine the morning of a job interview feels like. you maintain a nervous anticipation. it’s exciting, but you’re left thinking of ways you can screw it up. the biggest worry is always stomach issues. eat one wrong thing, and it could be cramps for a couple hours or an impromptu bathroom stop. most runners will look to each other about 15-minutes for a pee break, but there’s a hesitance to be the first one to broach the subject. it’s customary, and generally appreciated. if one has to do something more than take a piss, the group will wait and often donate their insurance toilet paper as well.
an hour into the run though, bets are off. depending on how good of friends or teammates you have, they’ll wait for a quick pee. but in a large crew, it might be expected that you’ll have to play catch up. the nightmare is pulling off the pack to squat out of courtesy, and then having an hour of solo running because you get caught in a stream of never ending wipes.
we met up at ben and stephanie’s house, which rests in the heart of a brand new development and less than a mile from woody mountain road. it’s just another endless dirt road with many offshoot options. if you are a professional runner living in flagstaff, this isn’t a bad location to be at. maverick is staying there with them for his stint, lucky guy. we meet up with nick and will for a 2 hour jaunt of exploring. it has been a couple days since it has snowed, but at 7000 feet, it can be a task for it all to melt. especially with the road sitting on one side of the mountain with lots of tree coverage, we will probably have to deal with some ice.
as we get going, everyone is a bit tentative to take the pacing duty first. i know i am scared shitless of running this long, no matter how many times i have done it. so i am praying that we go as slow as possible. secondly, i don’t want to be the punk-kid the whole crew is quietly cursing.
running with new people is always exciting for me. it’s a good way to mix things up and spark fresh conversations rather than the same old thing with the regular crew. sometimes things can get stale when you do every run with the same people who double as your roommates. but i look to make sure that my team is content with the new company and scenery. ford is still new this, but he’s friendly enough to talk to anyone.
travis mentioned yesterday that he has met so many more people since joining the team, and especially since moving into our house in new jersey. and with so many races being in the northeast, it feels like someone is always crashing on our couch. there are two-degrees of separation at most in this sport. everyone has a former teammate, rival, or coach in common. and if you follow the sport, then you’re naturally familiar. this leads to the semi-awkward conversation of introducing yourself out of common courtesy and social expectations. it’d be easier if we were honest, ‘i know who you are [since i have a computer].’
gags is the biggest connector through the generations. he has coached more sub-4 milers than anyone else in the history of the sport. it seems like every race i go to i meet a new former-athlete that will refer to me as ‘one of gags’ boys’ which is an incredibly endearing description. most athletes are proud to be associated with their coach. inherently, there is a high-level of necessary respect in place, so much so, that one is willing to put the fate of his or her career into the hands of another individual. that takes trust.
it is easy to have blind faith in the greater plan of a man who has been there so many times before. the names and accomplishments of former runners under gags’ tutelage would be enough to constitute confidence. there is rarely a moment of doubt or questioning. not only because of those who came before us, but because the design of the program is logically sound. through years of trial and error and many guinea pigs before us, he has figured it out [as best as possible] what works and what doesn’t.
that doesn’t mean he isn’t open to change. and perhaps his greatest strength is his willingness to adapt. if i present an idea about what i think i need, he is open to trying it. but in the rare instance that such a notion does not fit within his own, then he explains why. gags is far from a scientist–he’s a former football player. he doesn’t discuss the biological and chemical reactions to various training stimuli as some others may. those are words just words that overcomplicates the process. you work hard, and you recover. ‘you put strength and speed in a bowl and you get a champion!’ it’s less about what you are doing and more about how you are doing it. and when we show up to practice, we are motivated and taught to believe that we can do things that we never thought possible.
we are rolling along on the dirt road and the pace is decreasing without much notice as our bodies begin to warm. the pack crosses a gate and to a road that has only been sparsely plowed. it’s an envelope of ice. the braver souls have no issue manipulating the terrain, but i am a coward when it comes to this stuff. ford is dropping back as well and doing everything he can to stay on his feet. the road is showing no signs of improvement, so after just a few minutes of perseverance, even the most stubborn relent to turning around.
we slide back down the icy road, and find a different path that is significantly more runnable. thank god. it would wear me down mentally long before my body broke if i had to worry about balancing the whole time. on the less precarious surface, i feel my legs pickup underneath me, and i push to the front. the back group has turned for their shorter run, and the pack has now shrunk significantly. for years in college, i was always part of the first turn around. i take a special pride in now being a member of the long crew. the novelty has yet to wear off.
i am with donn, will, nick, trevor and maverick is tailing. as it happens, will is cracking jokes and telling stories. it is always great to run with guys who can keep a conversation. everything just goes by faster. some people may prefer peace and quiet to focus on breathing and to get lost in their own minds—not me. it’s refreshing, and it’s like hitting play on a podcast. time floats by, and when you check your watch on the occasional glance, it is like stepping into the future. where’d those 15 minutes go?
nick is talking about the meet he has hosted in michigan the past couple years. it was a grass roots race, with just a couple events, and thousands in the stands at a local high school track. fortunately, i got the opportunity to run it this past year, and ended up 3rd for a 355. nick won his own race, which is not unexpected and definitely makes for a storybook-like finish. he did put in the most work to make it happen, so it’s deserved. i was a late entry to the field, and nick did me a bit of a favor to let me in.
having seen that, i was motivated to replicate it in my own hometown. keep it simple, and do it in the backyard of a strong running community. the day after the race this past summer, i started picking nick’s brain on our run about how to pull it off. that conversation continues today. and just as we are ending, he says he’ll try and come to my race to pay back the favor. the dialogue moves elsewhere, but i take a moment to retrace what he just said in my head. please tell me i heard that right.
trevor pulls off to use the bathroom. at this point in the run, he’s on his own. we have just a couple miles left, and we aren’t obligated to stop and wait. with that said, i am holding something in myself, and it’s tempting to pull off with him. but i am confident in my colon. hopefully this hubris will not be the downfall of my run. we enter a neighborhood with a hilly mile long loop. once this is finished, we’ll be home free. i check out donn, and he looks so comfortable. i hate donn. will is citing tired legs after a tough workout yesterday. that makes me feel better; i am not alone.
this whole run may have been a bit reckless on my part. i was planning to take it easy my first week at altitude to allow my body some time to adjust. all the advice i had heard was never to dig your body into a hole here because it’s a harder to dig yourself out. but i think i feel good. or at least as good as you’d expect someone to feel at 7000 feet for 2-hours at 6:30 pace.
the house is in sight, and we are closing rapidly. i take a look at the company. there’s donn, a us olympian who finished 8th in london for the steeplechase. will is a 3:51 miler and multiple times national champion. and nick has an olympic silver medal. then it’s me–the kid trying to make it. i am looking around at these guys for 2-hours trying to take in everything. i listen to the details and take notes. how’d they do it? because i want to do it too.
and that’s why i am here in flagstaff. there is something to being here. maybe it’s the altitude; maybe it’s the company. i haven’t been here a week yet, so i don’t know. but coming here for the month was a leap, and a statement to myself. i am ready to start trying to make it happen, rather than checking my watch to see when it will come.
we finish the run and we are standing outside ben and stephanie’s house doing drills, and some light stretching. nick approaches me for a high-five and thanks me for a good run.
‘i am impressed man. for a guy like you, with your speed, to come out here and run 2-hours it shows you’re seriously fit. i think you’re setting yourself up for a good season.’
in the final line of dumas’ ‘the count of monte cristo’ as edmund dantes sails off into the distance, it is concluded: ‘all human wisdom is contained in these words, “wait and hope.”’
it seems like good advice, but i don’t have enough time.
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ˈloʊkəl ˈfʊtˌbɔl kləbz kriˈeɪt ˈbɛtər ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈaʊtˌkəmz fər kəmˈjunɪtiz: rɪˈpɔrt ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd fər ˈɛvəri 1 spɛnt ɔn ˈloʊkəl ˈfʊtˌbɔl kləbz, æt list ɪz rɪˈtərnd ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈvælju, ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈaʊtˌkəmz, ˈmɛntəl ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ ənd ˈpərsɪnəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ə ˈstədi həz faʊnd. ðə ˈsɛntər fər spɔrt ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˌɪmˈpækt (cssi*) æt lɑ ˌjunəˈvərsəti wɑz kəˈmɪʃənd baɪ ðə tɪ lʊk ˈɪntu ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈvælju əv kəmˈjunɪti ˈfʊtˌbɔl kləbz ənd ɪts ˈɪnfluəns ɔn hɛlθ ənd ðə ˈwaɪdər kəmˈjunɪti. ɪt ˈsərˌveɪd kləbz əˈkrɔs vɪkˈtɔriə ənd kənˈdəktəd 110 ˈɪntərvˌjuz wɪθ kləb ənd kəmˈjunɪti ˈmɛmbərz, ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl hɛlθ, ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ, trəst ənd ˈsoʊʃəl connectedness*. ɪt faʊnd fər ˈɛvəri 1 spɛnt tɪ rən ən ˈævərɪʤ kləb, ðɛr wɑz æt list rɪˈtərnd ɪn tərmz əv ˈsoʊʃəl connectedness*, ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ ənd ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ ˈstætəs. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ lɛd tɪ ˌɪmˈpruvd ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈaʊtˌkəmz, ˈpərsɪnəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ˈfɪzɪkəl hɛlθ, ˈsɪvɪk praɪd ənd ðə səˈpɔrt əv ˈəðər kəmˈjunɪti grups. prəˈfɛsər ˈrəsəl hɔɪ lɛd ðə ˈstədi ənd sɛd ɪt ʃoʊd ˈivɪn ðoʊz wɪθ ʤɪst ə ˈpæsɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ə kləb ˈbɛnəˌfɪtɪd. "ðɪs ˈstədi wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ kəm əp wɪθ ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈɛstəˌmeɪt əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl rɪˈtərnz ˈfʊtˌbɔl kləbz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt æt ə ˈloʊkəl ˈlɛvəl, soʊ ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ mæp ɔl ðə ækˈtɪvɪtiz ðət ə kləb dɪˈlɪvərz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈfʊtˌbɔl. "[wi] aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɔl ðə ˈɪnˌpʊt, soʊ ɔl ðə ˌvɑlənˈtɪr taɪm, ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt frəm ˈloʊkəl ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn ˈpʊtɪŋ ðə fəˈsɪlɪtiz təˈgɛðər ənd wət ðət kɔsts, ənd ðɛn ɔl ðə θɪŋz ɪt ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts ɪn tərmz əv ˈgreɪtər ˈsoʊʃəl connectedness*, ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ ənd ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˌɑpərˈtunətiz biɪŋ prəˈvaɪdɪd tɪ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈfʊtˌbɔl. "ɪt ˈdəzənt ˈrɪli ˈmætər æt wət ˈlɛvəl jʊr ɪnˈgeɪʤd æt ə ˈfʊtˌbɔl kləb, ˈwɛðər jʊr ə pleɪər, ə koʊʧ ə ˌvɑlənˈtɪr, ər ˈʤɛnərəl səˈpɔrtər, ɪts [θru] ðoʊz kəˈnɛkʃənz ðət ju fɔrm wɪθ ðət kləb ðət jʊr ˈeɪbəl tɪ rɪˈsiv ðoʊz ˈbɛnəfɪts. "əˈkrɔs ðə bɔrd, ˈivɪn ðoʊz wɪθ ə ˈmɑrʤənəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən wɪθ ə ˈfʊtˌbɔl kləb gɪts səm ˈbɛnəfɪt." hi sɛd ɪt wɑz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊt ðət ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈfʊtˌbɔl kləbz ɪn ˈriʤənəl ˈɛriəz wər ˈɔlsoʊ kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ kləbz "ɪts ˈrɪli ə ˈstɔri əraʊnd ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts ðɛr dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ fər meɪlz ənd ˈfiˌmeɪlz ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti. "aɪ θɪŋk moʊst kəmˈjunɪti ˈspɔrtɪŋ grups wʊd laɪk tɪ kleɪm ˈsɪmələr ˈaʊtˌkəmz, bət aɪ θɪŋk fər ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ɪn vɪkˈtɔriə, ðə skeɪl əv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ðət ɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ pʊt ə tim ɔn ðə pɑrk, ɪts ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈaʊtˌkəm ðən seɪ ə grup əv frɛndz pleɪɪŋ æt ə ˈloʊkəl ˈlɛvəl. "ðɛrz noʊ ˈstrəkʧər əraʊnd ðɛm soʊ ðɛr ˌɪmˈpækt ɪz lɛs, soʊ aɪ ˈfʊtˌbɔl kləbz hæv ə juˈnik keɪs tɪ meɪk. ˈmɛntəl hiθ, ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈaʊtˌkəmz fər jəŋ ˈpipəl 'sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt' prəˈfɛsər hɔɪ sɛd ðə ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ ˈaʊtˌkəmz wər ðə moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ənd səˈpraɪzɪŋ dɪˈskəvəriz əv ðə ˈstədi. "əˈpɑrt frəm ðə ˈɑbviəs ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈbɛnəfɪts əv pleɪɪŋ spɔrt ənd biɪŋ ˈæktɪv, ɪts ðə ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ ˈbɛnəfɪts ˈpipəl rɪˈsiv," hi sɛd. "jʊr mɔr kəˈnɛktɪd, jʊr ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ˈsoʊʃəl səˈpɔrt ənd juv gɑt ˈgreɪtər ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ bɪˈkəz jʊr əˈməŋst ə grup əv pɪrz duɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ˈɛvriˌwən laɪks tɪ du." ɪt kənˈfərmz wət ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl ˈsəˌspɛkt, bət ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ gɪvz ə skeɪl əv ðə dɪˈgri əv ðə ˌɪmˈpækt ə kləb kən hæv ɔn ə kəmˈjunɪti baɪ ˈpʊtɪŋ ə ˈdɔlər ˈvælju ɔn ɪt. ˈrəsəl hɔɪ, ˈrisərʧər hi sɛd ˈsoʊʃəl ɪˈvɛnts ənd kləb ˈfəŋkʃənz mɛnt ˈpipəl wər ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ wɪθ ðə kəmˈjunɪti hi sɛd ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ˈloʊkəl ˈfʊtˌbɔl kləbz ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪd ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt roʊl ɪn ˈhɛlpɪŋ jəŋ ˈpipəl faɪnd wərk. "ɪt əˈlaʊz ˈpipəl ɪn ðət ki eɪʤ ˈbrækɪt əv ˈækˌsɛs ʤɑb ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ðoʊ ˈəðər kləb ˈmɛmbərz ˈɔfərɪŋ ðɛm ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ər ə ˈrɛfərəns ər səm sɔrt əv səˈpɔrt," hi sɛd. "soʊ ðə ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈbɛnəfɪts ðət floʊ ˌɪndərˈɛkˌtli frəm ðə ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ wɑz ˈrɪli səˈpraɪzɪŋ tɪ ˈjuˈɛs. hi sɛd ðə ˈstədi wʊd əˈlaʊ kləbz tɪ əˈproʊʧ ˈloʊkəl ˈgəvərnmənt, ˈbɪznɪsɪz ənd ˈəðər ˈkɔrpərət ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz fər əˈdɪʃənəl səˈpɔrt. sɪz rɪˈpɔrt wɪl hɛlp plæn fˈjuʧər ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ðə ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈgɪlən məˈklɑklən sɛd ɪt ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˈgræsˈruts ˈspɔrtɪŋ kləbz. "ɪts fər ðə fərst taɪm kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪd wət aɪ θɪŋk wiv ɔl ˌɪnˈstɪŋktɪvˌli noʊn, wət ə juʤ pɑrt kəmˈjunɪti ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɪz ɪn soʊ ˈmɛni lɪvz," hi toʊld 774 ˈeɪˌbiˌsi ˈmɛlbərn. [ɪt ʃoʊz] ɪn tərmz ənd ˈmɛntəl ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ ənd kəmˈjunɪti ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt ðət kləbz ənd ˈspɔrtɪŋ kləbz hæv ə juʤ ˌɪmˈpækt. ˈgɪlən məˈklɑklən, ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv "[ɪt ʃoʊz] ɪn tərmz əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈaʊtˌkəmz, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl 'connectiveness*', ˈfɪzɪkəl ənd ˈmɛntəl ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ ənd kəmˈjunɪti ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt, ðət kləbz ənd ˈspɔrtɪŋ kləbz hæv ə juʤ ˌɪmˈpækt. "aɪ θɪŋk ˈpipəl ˌəndərˈstænd ənd əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈfʊtˌbɔl kləbz fər ðə pleɪərz ənd ˈkoʊʧɪz, bət ɪts ðə ˈmɛntəl ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ ðət kəmz θru ˈvɛri ˈstrɔŋli ɪn ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt. "ˈwɛðər ɪts ðə pleɪərz, ðə ˈkoʊʧɪz, ðə ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz, ðə səˈpɔrtərz, ðə ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz ðə ˈbrɔdər ˌɪmˈpækt ɪt həz ɔn ðɛr ˈmɛntəl ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ [ɪz ˈvælədeɪtəd]." ˈmɪstər məˈklɑklən sɛd ɪt wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlp ðə plæn kəmˈjunɪti ˈprɑʤɛkts ənd fˈjuʧər ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt. "ðɛrz ˈnɪrli 800 ˈmɪljən spɛnt θru ðə steɪt ligz, θru dɪˈrɛkt ˈməni ər ˈməni reɪzd θru ðə steɪt ligz ðɛmˈsɛlvz," hi sɛd. "wi noʊ ɪt tɪ bi ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, wi hæv ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd ɪn ɪt fər ə lɔŋ taɪm bət aɪ θɪŋk ˈhævɪŋ ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈbeɪsɪs ðət ɪt ɪz ˈrɪli ˈhɛlpfəl." ˈtɑpɪks: community-and-society*, ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz, australian-football-league*, spɔrt, mental-health*, vɪk, fərst ˈpoʊstɪd
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local football clubs create better mental health, social outcomes for communities: report
updated
for every $1 spent on local football clubs, at least $4.40 is returned in social value, improving employment outcomes, mental wellbeing and personal development, a study has found.
the centre for sport and social impact (cssi) at la trobe university was commissioned by the afl to look into the social value of community football clubs and its influence on health and the wider community.
it surveyed 1,677 clubs across victoria and conducted 110 interviews with club and community members, focusing on individual health, well-being, trust and social connectedness.
it found for every $1 spent to run an average club, there was at least $4.40 returned in terms of social connectedness, wellbeing and mental health status.
it also led to improved employment outcomes, personal development, physical health, civic pride and the support of other community groups.
professor russell hoye lead the study and said it showed even those with just a passing involvement in a club benefited.
"this study was trying to come up with a financial estimate of the social returns football clubs generate at a local level, so looking to map all the activities that a club delivers outside football.
"[we] identified all the input, so all the volunteer time, investment from local government in putting the facilities together and what that costs, and then all the things it generates in terms of greater social connectedness, mental health and employment opportunities being provided to individuals associated with football.
"it doesn't really matter at what level you're engaged at a football club, whether you're a player, a coach a volunteer, or general supporter, it's [through] those connections that you form with that club that you're able to receive those benefits.
"across the board, even those with a marginal association with a football club gets some benefit."
he said it was important to note that many of the football clubs in regional areas were also connected to netball clubs
"it's really a football-netball story around the benefits they're delivering for males and females in the community.
"i think most community sporting groups would like to claim similar outcomes, but i think for football in particular in victoria, the scale of operation that is required to put a team on the park, it's a different outcome than say a group of friends playing netball at a local level.
"there's no structure around them so their impact is less, so i football clubs have a unique case to make.
mental heath, employment outcomes for young people 'significant'
professor hoye said the wellbeing outcomes were the most significant and surprising discoveries of the study.
"apart from the obvious physical benefits of playing sport and being active, it's the mental health benefits people receive," he said.
"you're more connected, you're able to access social support and you've got greater wellbeing because you're amongst a group of peers doing something that everyone likes to do."
it confirms what a lot of people suspect, but it also gives a scale of the degree of the impact a club can have on a community by putting a dollar value on it. russell hoye, researcher
he said social events and club functions meant people were engaging with the community
he said involvement in local football clubs also played an important role in helping young people find work.
"it allows people in that key age bracket of 15-24 access job opportunities though other club members offering them opportunities or a reference or some sort of support," he said.
"so the employment benefits that flow indirectly from the football involving was really surprising to us.
he said the study would allow clubs to approach local government, businesses and other corporate organisations for additional support.
afl says report will help plan future investment
the afl's chief executive gillon mclachlan said it highlighted the importance of grassroots sporting clubs.
"it's for the first time quantified what i think we've all instinctively known, what a huge part community football is in so many lives," he told 774 abc melbourne.
[it shows] in terms of...physical and mental wellbeing and community engagement that footy clubs and sporting clubs have a huge impact. gillon mclachlan, afl chief executive
"[it shows] in terms of economic outcomes, but also in social 'connectiveness', physical and mental wellbeing and community engagement, that footy clubs and sporting clubs have a huge impact.
"i think people understand and associate the physical benefits of football clubs for the players and coaches, but it's the mental wellbeing that comes through very strongly in this report.
"whether it's the players, the coaches, the volunteers, the supporters, the family members the broader impact it has on their mental wellbeing [is validated]."
mr mclachlan said it would also help the afl plan community projects and future investment.
"there's nearly $800 million spent through the state leagues, through direct afl money or money thats raised through the state leagues themselves," he said.
"we know it to be important, we have invested in it for a long time but i think having a financial basis that quantifies it is really helpful."
topics: community-and-society, volunteers, australian-football-league, sport, mental-health, vic, sale-3850, ballarat-3350, bendigo-3550, horsham-3400, mildura-3500, shepparton-3630, wodonga-3690
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ˈdænjəl ˌgɑrˈsiə ˈnævərˌɛt, 23 wɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ hɪz ˈdeɪbju pərˈfɔrməns ɛz ə ˈbʊlˌfaɪtər ɪn məˈdrɪd ɪn frənt əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl wɪn θɪŋz wɛnt ˈhɔrəbli, ˈhɔrəbli rɔŋ ɪn ðə ərˈinə. ˈnævərˌɛt wɑz flɪpt ɪn ðə ɛr ənd fɛl baɪ ðə bʊl, wɪʧ weɪd ˈoʊvər paʊndz. ɛz ˈnævərˌɛt fɛl tɪ ðə graʊnd, ðə bʊl gɔrd ɪm wɪθ hɪz hɔrnz. ˈnævərˌɛt wɑz gɔrd ɪn ðə θroʊt, feɪs ənd təŋ ˈməltəpəl taɪmz. ɛz ðə bʊl əˈtækt ɪm, hi roʊld əraʊnd ɔn ðə graʊnd, traɪɪŋ ˈdɛspərətli tɪ prəˈtɛkt hɪmˈsɛlf frəm ˈfərðər ˈɪnʤəri. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsəfərd ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ nərv ˈtɪʃu ənd ə ˈbroʊkən ˈkɑlərˌboʊn. ðə ˈɔdiəns wɔʧt ɪn ˈhɔrər. ˈnævərˌɛt wɑz rəʃt tɪ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɪn ˈsɪriəs kənˈdɪʃən. wən əv ðə wundz wɑz soʊ dip ðət ɪt ˈpɛnəˌtreɪtɪd ðə rʊf əv hɪz maʊθ. əˈsɪstənts rəʃt ˈɪntu ðə ərˈinə tɪ traɪ tɪ hɛlp ˈnævərˌɛt, bət ðə bʊl wɑz ˌənkənˈtroʊləbəl. ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə kraʊd ˈleɪtər rɪˈmɑrkt ðət ðeɪ bɪˈlivd ðeɪ wər siɪŋ ˈnævərˌɛt biɪŋ kɪld ˌbiˈfɔr ɪz ə ˈvaɪələnt ənd ˈblədi spɔrt, ənd soʊ ər ðə fækts ənd ˈfɪgjərz ðət goʊ əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ɪt. ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ˈgræfɪk ˈɪmɪʤɪz wət du ju θɪŋk əv ðɪs ˈɪnsədənt? lɛt ˈjuˈɛs noʊ ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts bɪˈloʊ!
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daniel garcia navarette, 23, was making his debut performance as a bullfighter in madrid in front of thousands of people when things went horribly, horribly wrong in the arena. navarette was flipped in the air and fell by the bull, which weighed over 1,000 lbs. as navarette fell to the ground, the bull gored him with his horns. navarette was gored in the throat, face and tongue multiple times. as the bull attacked him, he rolled around on the ground, trying desperately to protect himself from further injury. he also suffered damage to nerve tissue and a broken collarbone. the audience watched in horror. navarette was rushed to the hospital in serious condition. one of the wounds was so deep that it penetrated the roof of his mouth. assistants rushed into the arena to try to help navarette, but the bull was uncontrollable. members of the crowd later remarked that they believed they were seeing navarette being killed before them.bullfighting is a violent and bloody sport, and so are the facts and figures that go along with it.
warning: graphic images
what do you think of this incident? let us know in the comments below!
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ɪt həz bɪˈkəm ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli klɪr ðət ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈstɔri əv ðə 2016 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn ɪz nɑt ˈhɪləri ˈrɔdəm ˈklɪntənz ˈiˌmeɪl, ər skɑt ˈwɔkərz bɔld spɑt, ər rɪk ˈpɛriz əv hɪz ˈkaʊˌbɔɪ cred*. ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈstɔri ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi haʊ ɑr ɪˈlɛkʃənz hæv bɪn kəmˈplitli kərˈəptɪd baɪ ˈməni æt ðə seɪm taɪm ɛz wi ɪkˈspɪriəns wən əv ðə moʊst əˈsɔlts ɔn ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz ɪn ðə ˈkəntriz ˈhɪstəri. ɪt ˈdəzənt ˈmætər haʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl klaɪm ˈɪntu ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən klaʊn kɑr ər haʊ kloʊz ˈbərni ˈsændərz ɪz ˈpoʊlɪŋ ɪn ˈaɪəwə. ðə rɑt ðət həz bɪn ˌɪnˈʤɛktɪd kwaɪt dɪˈlɪbərətli ˈɪntu ɑr ɪˈlɛkʃənz ɪz ðə ˈstɔri frəm wɪʧ ɔl ˈəðərz floʊ. ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ənd ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl dəˈbeɪt məst bi bɪtˈwin ðoʊz hu ˈprɑfɪt frəm ðə kərˈəpʃən, ðoʊz hu ˈsɪmpli əkˈsɛpt ɪt ənd ɑpt aʊt, ənd ðoʊz ˈpipəl hu wɔnt tɪ rɪˈvərs ðə sloʊ ˈsuɪˌsaɪd əv ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈgəvərnmənt. gɑd hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs ɔl ɪf ðə ˈlætər grup ˈdəzənt wɪn. ðə moʊst dɪˈprɛsɪŋ ˈstɔri əv ðə spərɪŋ wɑz ðə ədˈmɪʃən əv ðə hɛd əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən kəˈmɪʃən, æn ˈrævəl, ðət ðə ɪz ˈpaʊərləs tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs ˈivɪn ðə ʃrɛdz əv kæmˈpeɪn ˈfaɪˌnæns rɪˈfɔrm ðət ðə səˈprim kɔrt həz lɛft tɪ ðə ˈkəntri. "aɪ ˈnɛvər wɔnt tɪ gɪv əp, bət əm nɑt ˈəndər ˈɛni ˌɪˈluʒənz," ˈrævəl sɛd. "ˈpipəl θɪŋk ðə ɪz dɪsˈfəŋkʃənəl," ʃi ˈædɪd. "ɪts wərs ðən dɪsˈfəŋkʃənəl." ˈrævəl toʊld ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ðət ðə kəˈmɪʃənz ˈpɑrtəzən ˈgrɪˌdlɑk ɪz ɪts ˈfeɪtəl flɔ. ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz sɪks kəˈmɪʃənərz ˈɔfən faɪnd ðɛmˈsɛlvz lɑkt ɪn ənˈbreɪkəbəl taɪz əˈlɔŋ ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl laɪnz, ʃi ˈædɪd. ˈrævəl, ə ˈdɛməˌkræt, vaʊd ʃi wʊd "brɪʤ ðə ˈpɑrtəzən gæp" əˈpɑn bɪˈkəmɪŋ ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈlidər læst dɪˈsɛmbər. faɪv mənθs ˈleɪtər, ʃi faɪndz hərˈsɛlf ɛmˈbrɔɪld ɪn ðə ɪgˈzækt ˈkɑnflɪkt ʃi hoʊpt tɪ əˈvɔɪd. "wəts ˈrɪli goʊɪŋ ɔn ɪz ðət ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən kəˈmɪʃənərz doʊnt wɔnt tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs ðə lɔ, ɪkˈsɛpt ɪn ðə moʊst ˈɑbviəs ˈkeɪsɪz," ʃi toʊld ðə taɪmz. "ðə rulz ˈɑrənt biɪŋ ˈfɑloʊd, ənd ðæts dɪˈstrəktɪv tɪ ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈprɔˌsɛs," ˈrævəl ˈædɪd. ˈpɑrti ɔn, djudz! tu rɪˈpəblɪkən kəˈmɪʃənərz dɪˈspjutɪd ðiz kleɪmz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər. "ˈkɑŋgrəs sɛt əp ðɪs pleɪs tɪ ˈgrɪˌdlɑk," li i. ˈgʊdmən sɛd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə taɪmz. "ðɪs ˈeɪʤənsi ɪz ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ ɛz ˈkɑŋgrəs ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd," hi ˈædɪd. "ðə dɪˈmɑkrəsi ˈɪzənt kəˈlæpsɪŋ əraʊnd ˈjuˈɛs." noʊ, ɪts ˈrɑtɪŋ frəm wɪˈθɪn, ʤɪst ɛz ˈkɑŋgrəs ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd. "wɪr nɑt ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn goʊɪŋ ˈæftər ˈpipəl ənˈlɛs ðə lɔ ɪz ˈfɛrli klɪr, ənd wɪr nɑt ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ teɪk ðə lɔ bɪɔnd wɛr ɪts ˈrɪtən," sɛd ˈkɛrəˌlaɪn si. ˈhəntər, ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˌriˈpɔrtəd, ˈædɪŋ ðət ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk kəˈmɪʃənərz sɔ ðə lɔ "mɔr ˈbrɔdli" ðən ðɛr ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts. wɪʧ brɪŋz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ʤɛb bʊʃ ənd hɪz rɪˈmɑrkəbli ˈlukrətɪv non-candidacy*, ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt ɪgˈzæmpəl əv haʊ ðə ˈkəntri həz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈækləˌmeɪt ˌɪtˈsɛlf tɪ ðə nu wərld əv lɪˈʤɪtəˌmaɪzd wɪθ wɪʧ ˈænθɔˌni ˈkɛnədi həz blɛst ˈjuˈɛs. ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl kˈwɛʃən ðət ʤɛb həz bɪn ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈglifəli bɪɔnd wət ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ðɛr ər lɛft ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt, ənd ðɛr ɪz ˈivɪn lɛs kˈwɛʃən ðət hi wɪl peɪ noʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt praɪs fər biɪŋ səʧ ən ˈɑbviəs ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt. baɪ ˈsɪgnəlɪŋ ðət raɪt tɪ raɪz ɪz hɪz kæmˈpeɪn ɑrm, ʤɛb bʊʃ həz ˈbroʊkən daʊn ðə wɔl bɪtˈwin hɪz ˈsupər pæk ənd hɪz kæmˈpeɪn kəˈmɪti ɪn ðə aɪz əv ˈdoʊnərz. prɪˈvɛnɪŋ koʊˌɔrdəˈneɪʃən ənd prɪˈzərvɪŋ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns wɑz wən əv ðə læst wɔlz ðət wər lɛft. ðə nɛkst stɛp wɪl bi ˈsɪmpli ˈhændɪŋ 1 ˈmɪljən ʧɛks tɪ ˈkænədɪts. raɪt naʊ ðæts stɪl ˌɪˈligəl, bət kæmˈpeɪn ˈfaɪˌnæns əˈpoʊnənts wɪl ˈʧælənʤ ðoʊz ˈkænədɪt ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən ˈlɪmɪts ɛz ˌɪnɪˈfɛktɪv sɪns (ðə bʊʃ kæmˈpeɪn wɪl ʃoʊ) ˈsupər pæks kən sərv ˈɔlˌmoʊst ðə seɪm ˈpərpəs. ˌɪnˈdid, kæmˈpeɪn ˈlɔjər ʤɪm bɑp (ðə breɪnz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈsɪtɪzənz juˈnaɪtɪd ˈlɔˌsut) ˈsɪgnəld ɛz məʧ ðɪs wik, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət ðə weɪ tɪ teɪk ˌənəˈkaʊntəbəl ˈməni aʊt əv ˈpɑləˌtɪks ɪz tɪ lɛt ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz gɪv ˌwəˈtɛvər ðeɪ wɔnt dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ˈkænədɪts. ənd waɪ ʃʊd hi nɑt du wət hiz duɪŋ. ðə kænt stɑp ɪm. ˈbleɪtəntli ˈflaʊtɪŋ ðə lɔ ˈhæzənt kɔst ɪm ɛz məʧ æt ðə poʊlz ɛz hɪz ˈwənˈtaɪm səˈpɔrt fər ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən rɪˈfɔrm həz. ðɪs ɪz ðə moʊst ˈsɪriəs ˈstɔri ɪn ə kæmˈpeɪn ðət ɔˈrɛdi ɪz ˈθɪkli ɛnˈkrəstɪd wɪθ ˈtrɪviə ənd ˌpərsəˈnælɪti. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls ɪz ðə ˈʃaɪni ˈaʊtwərd ʃɛl əv ə ˈsɪstəm gɔn ˈhɑloʊ.
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it has become increasingly clear that the most important story of the 2016 presidential campaign is not hillary rodham clinton's e-mail, or scott walker's bald spot, or rick perry's poindexterization of his cowboy cred. the most important story is going to be how our elections have been completely corrupted by money at the same time as we experience one of the most thoroughgoing assaults on the franchise in the country's history. it doesn't matter how many people climb into the republican clown car or how close bernie sanders is polling in iowa. the deep-seated rot that has been injected quite deliberately into our elections is the story from which all others flow. the primary and fundamental debate must be between those who profit from the corruption, those who simply accept it and opt out, and those people who want to reverse the slow suicide of democratic government. god help us all if the latter group doesn't win.
the most depressing story of the spring was the admission of the head of the federal election commission, ann ravel, that the fec is powerless to enforce even the shreds of campaign finance reform that the supreme court has left to the country.
"i never want to give up, but i'm not under any illusions," ravel said. "people think the fec is dysfunctional," she added. "it's worse than dysfunctional." ravel told the newspaper that the commission's partisan gridlock is its fatal flaw. the agency's six commissioners often find themselves locked in unbreakable ties along ideological lines, she added. ravel, a democrat, vowed she would "bridge the partisan gap" upon becoming the agency's leader last december. five months later, she finds herself embroiled in the exact conflict she hoped to avoid. "what's really going on is that the republican commissioners don't want to enforce the law, except in the most obvious cases," she told the times. "the rules aren't being followed, and that's destructive to the political process," ravel added.
party on, dudes!
two republican commissioners disputed these claims, however. "congress set up this place to gridlock," lee e. goodman said, according to the times. "this agency is functioning as congress intended," he added. "the democracy isn't collapsing around us."
no, it's rotting from within, just as congress intended.
"we're not interested in going after people unless the law is fairly clear, and we're not willing to take the law beyond where it's written," said caroline c. hunter, the newspaper reported, adding that the democratic commissioners saw the law "more broadly" than their gop counterparts.
which brings us to jeb (!) bush and his remarkably lucrative non-candidacy, the perfect example of how the country has decided to acclimate itself to the new world of legitimized influence-peddling with which anthony kennedy has blessed us. there is little question that jeb (!) has been operating gleefully beyond what regulations there are left on the subject, and there is even less question that he will pay no significant price for being such an obvious scofflaw on the subject.
by signaling that right to rise is his campaign arm, jeb bush has broken down the wall between his super pac and his campaign committee in the eyes of donors. preventing coordination and preserving independence was one of the last walls that were left. the next step will be simply handing $1 million checks to candidates. right now that's still illegal, but campaign finance opponents will challenge those candidate contribution limits as ineffective since (the bush campaign will show) super pacs can serve almost the same purpose. indeed, campaign lawyer jim bopp (the brains behind the citizens united lawsuit) signaled as much this week, arguing that the way to take unaccountable money out of politics is to let individuals give whatever they want directly to candidates.
and why should he not do what he's doing. the fec can't stop him. blatantly flouting the law hasn't cost him as much at the polls as his onetime support for immigration reform has. this is the most serious story in a campaign that already is thickly encrusted with trivia and personality. everything else is the shiny outward shell of a system gone hollow.
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rɛst ɪn pis, trəmp əˈʤɛndə? ˈæftər ðə ˈstɪŋɪŋ dɪˈfit əv ðə bɪl tɪ rɪˈfɔrm, ðə waɪt haʊs ənd ˈkɑŋgrəs wər lɛft ˈrilɪŋ əˈmɪd ˈoʊvər hu ˈʃoʊldərd ðə bleɪm. ˈminˌwaɪl, ə ˈnəmbər əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈvɛtərənz seɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmps ɪnˈtaɪər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk əˈʤɛndə kʊd bi ˌɪmˈpɛrəld baɪ ðə ˈfeɪljər tɪ pæs ən rɪˈpleɪsmənt wɪʧ kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ min ðə ˈmɑrkɪt meɪ hæv tɪ loʊər ɪts ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz. naʊ ðət wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ɪn pleɪs, ˈænəlɪsts seɪ ðɛr ər ˈnumərəs rɪsks ˈbɪldɪŋ tɪ trəmps æmˈbɪʃəs plænz fər ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. ðə hɛlθ kɛr bɪlz ˈfeɪljər ˈɔlsoʊ kriˈeɪts ə ˈbəʤɪt krənʧ ðət kʊd meɪk tæks rɪˈfɔrm məʧ mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈmɛni əbˈzərvərz ˈɔlsoʊ læʃt aʊt æt haʊs ˈspikər pɔl raɪən fər ə plæn ðət wɑz ˈlɑrʤli ˈɔθərd baɪ ɪm, "ðə bɪg ˈluzər ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt," ˈlɛri ˈlɪndzi, ˈfɔrmər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ædˈvaɪzər fər ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ, toʊld "paʊər lənʧ" ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. "jɛs, ðɪs meɪks tæks rɪˈfɔrm mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt bət nɑt ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl," ˈspikər raɪən sɛd ɪn ə ˈbrifɪŋ ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ. "wi wɪl pərˈsid, ənd wi wɪl kənˈtɪnju wɪθ tæks rɪˈfɔrm." ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈlɪndzi sɛd wən əv ðə "ˈsɪliəst" θɪŋz hiz hərd frəm ˈpipəl ɪz ðət ðə prəˈpoʊzəl nɑt ˈpæsɪŋ wɪl bi gʊd fər trəmps tæks rɪˈfɔrm. "ˌæbsəˈlutli nɑt," hi ˈædɪd. "ðeɪ maɪt muv ɔn tɪ [tæks rɪˈfɔrm] nɛkst, bət wɪn ju hæv ə ˈprɛzɪdənt hu kænt dɪˈlɪvər hɪz oʊn ˈkɔkəs, ðɛn ðə ˈprɛzɪdənts pəˈzɪʃən wɪl bi ˈwikənd ɔn ɔl ˈɪʃuz," ˈlɪndzi sɛd. "ɪf jʊr ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs ənd ju doʊnt laɪk ˈsəmθɪŋ, ju naʊ hæv ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv haʊ ju kən 'roʊl' ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt." ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈbrifɪŋ wɪθ rɪˈpɔrtərz ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, waɪt haʊs ˈspoʊksmən ʃɔn ˈspaɪsər ækˈnɑlɪʤd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðə ˈbəʤɪˌtɛri kəˈnəndrəm ðət kʊd əraɪz, bət sɛd ðɛr wɑz "juʤ ˈæpəˌtaɪt fər tæks rɪˈfɔrm." ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, trəmp həz naʊ bɪn dɛlt ˈhəmbəlɪŋ dɪˈfits ɔn ˈsɛvərəl frənts, ənd hɪz əˈpoʊnənts sɛns bləd ɪn ðə ˈwɔtər. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz fər tæks rɪˈfɔrm, ðə ˈlɪnʧˌpɪn əv ə brɪsk ˈræli ðət həz ˈkɛrid ˈmeɪʤər stɑk ˈmɑrkɪt ˈɪndɛksɪz tɪ nu haɪz, ər dˈwɪndəlɪŋ. ə rɪˈpleɪsmənt fər "wɑz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər ˈbəʤɪˌtɛri ˈrizənz, fər tæks rɪˈfɔrm, bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz ə ˈrɛvəˌnu ˈgeɪnər," sɛd ˈlɪndzi. trəmps goʊlz fər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ ʃʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi kˈwɛsʧənd naʊ, hi wɔrnd. 'ˈɪntɪmətli kəˈnɛktɪd'
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rest in peace, trump agenda?
after the stinging defeat of the gop's bill to reform obamacare, the white house and congress were left reeling amid finger-pointing over who shouldered the blame. meanwhile, a number of political veterans say president donald trump's entire economic agenda could be imperiled by the failure to pass an obamacare replacement — which could also mean the market may have to lower its expectations.
now that obamacare will remain in place, analysts say there are numerous risks building to trump's ambitious plans for the economy. the health care bill's failure also creates a budget crunch that could make tax reform much more difficult to accomplish.
although many observers also lashed out at house speaker paul ryan for a plan that was largely authored by him, "the big loser is going to be the president," larry lindsey, former economic adviser for george w. bush, told cnbc's "power lunch" friday.
"yes, this makes tax reform more difficult but not impossible," speaker ryan said in a briefing friday evening. "we will proceed, and we will continue with tax reform."
however, lindsey said one of the "silliest" things he's heard from people is that the health-care proposal not passing will be good for trump's tax reform. "absolutely not," he added.
"they might move on to [tax reform] next, but when you have a president who can't deliver his own caucus, then the president's position will be weakened on all issues," lindsey said. "if you're in congress and you don't like something, you now have an example of how you can 'roll' the president."
during a briefing with reporters on friday, white house spokesman sean spicer acknowledged friday the budgetary conundrum that could arise, but said there was "huge appetite for tax reform."
nevertheless, trump has now been dealt humbling defeats on several fronts, and his opponents sense blood in the water. meanwhile, expectations for tax reform, the linchpin of a brisk rally that has carried major stock market indexes to new highs, are dwindling.
a replacement for obamacare "was necessary for budgetary reasons, for tax reform, because it was a revenue gainer," said lindsey. trump's goals for economic growth should also be questioned now, he warned.
'intimately connected'
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ˈrɪtən baɪ krɪs bɪŋ ə tɔp waɪt haʊs əˈfɪʃəl ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈpərsənəli θæŋkt ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ənd ˈfeɪsˌbʊk fər ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈkaʊntər nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈhækərz ənd sɛd ðə ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈeɪʤənsi wɑz æt all”*” æt fɔlt fər ðɪs ˈɪnfəməs ˈɪnsədənt. ˈtɑməs ˈbɑsərt, ðə ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˈvaɪzər, ˈmɛnʃənd ðə tu ˈkəmpəˌniz baɪ neɪm ɪn ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns ɔn nɔrθ kəˈnɛkʃənz tɪ. ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈpəblɪkli əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə fər ðə fərst taɪm ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈrisərʧərz hæv sɛd ðə ˈhækərz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈaʊtˌbreɪk ɪn meɪ ˈæmpləˌfaɪd ɪts ˈifɛkts baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ kəmˈpjutər koʊd frəm ə likt ˈhækɪŋ tul noʊn ɛz. ðə ˈbrifɪŋ ˈfɑloʊd ðə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt əv ən ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl baɪ ˈbɑsərt ɪn ðə wɔl strit ˈʤərnəl ðət wɑz ðə fərst taɪm ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əˈtrɪbjətəd ðə ˈaʊtˌbreɪk tɪ nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə. ˈbɑsərt ˈbrɔdli ˈsaɪtɪd ““evidence”*” wɪˈθaʊt dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ɪt ˈaʊˈtraɪt. ˈsteɪtmənts ʃɛrd baɪ ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft wɪθ ˌɪmˈplaɪ ðət ðə companies’*’ ˈɛfərts əˈgɛnst nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈhækərz keɪm læst wik ənd wər nɑt dɪˈrɛkli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðeɪ əˈpɪr tɪ hæv bɪn mɔr ˈbrɔdli ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˌɪnˈhɪbətɪŋ nɔrθ ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. ə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈspoʊkspərsən sɛd ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərk hæd muvd tɪ dɪˈseɪbəl ə ˈnəmbər əv əˈkaʊnts ðət ɪt lɪŋkt bæk tɪ ðə prɪˈdɑmənənt ˈhækɪŋ grup əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə, wɪʧ ɪz noʊn tɪ ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈrisərʧ kəmˈjunɪti ɛz ðə ˈlæzərəs grup. ˈfeɪsˌbʊk sɛd ðə ˈhækərz wər ˈjuzɪŋ ðiz ˈproʊˌfaɪlz tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt wɪθ wən əˈnəðər waɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtɑrgətɪŋ spɪˈsɪfɪk ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz. ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft həz sɛd ðət ɪts ˈɛfərts ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˌdɪˈseɪblɪŋ əˈkaʊnts ənd ˈwərkɪŋ dɪˈrɛkli wɪθ ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ɔn ˈəðər ˈɪʃuz. ə ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈspoʊkspərsən dɪd nɑt rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ˈsəbsəkwənt kˈwɛsʧənz sɛnt baɪ kənˈsərnɪŋ haʊ ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft dɪsˈrəptɪd ə ˈmælˌwɛr ˈfreɪmˌwərk juzd baɪ ˈlæzərəs grup. ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz kəm ɛz ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən rɪˈmeɪnz streɪnd ɪn ðə ˈfɔˌlaʊt əv ðə lik, wɪʧ keɪm ɪn ˈərli 2017 baɪ mɪˈstɪriəs grup ðət kɔlz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈbroʊkərz. ðə tul ˈifɛktɪvli əˈlaʊd tɪ ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli baʊns bɪtˈwin ˈmɪljənz əv ˈvəlnərəbəl, məˈʃinz wɪʧ wər ɔl ˈrənɪŋ ˈoʊldər ˈvərʒənz əv ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈwɪndoʊz. waɪl ˈænsərɪŋ ə kˈwɛʃən ɔn ðə ˈmætər, ˈbɑsərt dɪd nɑt ˈmɛnʃən ðə grup baɪ neɪm bət sɛd ðət ðə juz. ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈteɪkɪŋ stɛps tɪ stɑp ˈəðər, fˈjuʧər dɪˈskloʊʒərz kənˈsərnɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈsikrətɪv ˈhækɪŋ ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz. θɪŋk ðət waɪl ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt nidz tɪ ˈbɛtər prəˈtɛkt ɪts tulz ənd θɪŋz ðət lik ər ˈvɛri ənˈfɔrʧənət ənd wi nid tɪ əˈplaɪ sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈmɛʒərz ðət prɪˈvɛnt ðət frəm ˈhæpənɪŋ, aɪ θɪŋk bræd [smɪθ əv ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft] ˈɔlsoʊ naʊ əˈpriʃiˌeɪts mɔr ənd ˈbɛtər wət wi hoʊld ˈɔntu ənd waɪ wi hoʊld ˈɔntu it,”*,” ˈbɑsərt sɛd. ɪn pɑrt hi əˈpriʃiˌeɪts ðət mɔr ənd ˈbɛtər bɪˈkəz meɪd ɪt ə trænˈspɛrənt process.”*.” ˈpriviəsli kənˈfərmd ðət tulz likt baɪ ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈbroʊkərz bɪˈlɔŋd tɪ ðə. ˈfərðər rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ faʊnd ðət ðə grup hæd ˈlaɪkli geɪnd ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ə hɑrd draɪv, kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈvɛriəs ˈəðər ˈaʊtˌdeɪtɪd ˈɛkˌsplɔɪts ənd ˌɪmˈplænts dɪˈzaɪnd fər səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd əˈfɛnsɪv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. ðə həz jɛt tɪ ˈpəblɪkli ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ðə ˈneɪʧər ənd kɔz fər ðiz əˈpɛrənt liks. ə ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkaʊnsəl ˈspoʊkspərsən sɛd æt list wən ˈəðər ˈkəmpəˌni kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðə ˈɛfərts baɪ ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ənd ˈfeɪsˌbʊk. ɪn ə ˈkəmpəˌni blɔg poʊst ˈpəblɪʃt ɔn meɪ 14 ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈprɛzɪdənt bræd smɪθ hæd ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ðə ənd waɪt haʊs fər ðɛr roʊlz ɪn əˈlaʊɪŋ fɔl ˈɪntu ðə hænz əv ˈhækərz. ɪkˈwɪvələnt sɪˈnɛrioʊ wɪθ kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˈwɛpənz wʊd bi ðə juz. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhævɪŋ səm əv ɪts ˈtɑməˌhɔk ˈmɪsəlz stolen,”*,” smɪθ roʊt æt ðə taɪm. ðɪs moʊst ˈrisənt əˈtæk ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə kəmˈplitli ˌənɪnˈtɛndɪd bət ˌdɪskənˈsərtɪŋ lɪŋk bɪtˈwin ðə tu moʊst ˈsɪriəs fɔrmz əv θrɛts ɪn ðə wərld təˈdeɪ ˈækʃən ənd ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˈkrɪmənəl action.”*.” ə ˈnuli riˈlist blɔg poʊst ˈrɪtən baɪ smɪθ ˈmɛnʃənd ðət ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft tʊk stɛps læst wik tɪ ðə ˈmælˌwɛr ðɪs grup rɪˈlaɪz ɔn, klind customers’*’ ˌɪnˈfɛktɪd kəmˈpjutərz, dɪˈseɪbəld əˈkaʊnts biɪŋ juzd tɪ pərˈsu ənd ˈstrɛŋθənd ˈwɪndoʊz dɪˈfɛnsɪz tɪ prɪˈvɛnt reinfection.”*.” ðə poʊst kənˈtɪnjuz, ˈwɛlkəmd ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ wərk wɪθ ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd ˈəðərz ɪn ˈrisənt wiks tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðɪs ˈɪʃu. ɛz wi lʊk tɪ 2018 ɛˈsɛnʃəl ðət wi ækt wɪθ ʃɛrd riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ ˈstrɛŋθən ˈfərðər ðə ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪps wɪθ ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti kəmˈjunɪti ənd ˈgəvərnmənts tɪ ˈkɑmbæt əˈgɛnst civilians.”*.” ju kən wɔʧ ˈkɑmɛnts ˈviə ˈsiˌspæn:
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written by chris bing
a top white house official on tuesday personally thanked microsoft and facebook for helping counter north korean hackers and said the national security agency was “not at all” at fault for this year’s infamous wannacry ransomware incident.
thomas bossert, the president’s homeland security adviser, mentioned the two companies by name in a press conference on north korea’s connections to wannacry.
the trump administration publicly attributed wannacry to north korea for the first time yesterday.
security researchers have said the hackers behind the ransomware outbreak in may amplified its effects by using computer code from a leaked nsa hacking tool known as eternalblue.
the briefing followed the publication monday night of an editorial by bossert in the wall street journal that was the first time the trump administration attributed the wannacry outbreak to north korea. bossert broadly cited “evidence” without describing it outright.
statements shared by facebook and microsoft with cyberscoop imply that the companies’ efforts against north korean hackers came last week and were not directly related to wannacry. instead, they appear to have been more broadly focused on inhibiting north korea’s ongoing cyber-espionage operations.
a facebook spokesperson said the social network had moved to disable a number of accounts that it linked back to the predominant hacking group associated with north korea, which is known to the security research community as the lazarus group. facebook said the hackers were using these profiles to communicate with one another while also targeting specific individuals.
microsoft has said that its efforts included disabling accounts and working directly with facebook on other issues. a microsoft spokesperson did not respond to subsequent questions sent by cyberscoop concerning how microsoft disrupted a malware framework used by lazarus group.
microsoft’s revelations come as the company’s relationship with washington remains strained in the fallout of the eternalblue leak, which came in early 2017 by mysterious group that calls itself the shadow brokers. the tool effectively allowed wannacry to automatically bounce between millions of vulnerable, internet-connected machines which were all running older versions of microsoft windows.
while answering a question on the matter, bossert did not mention the group by name but said that the u.s. is currently taking steps to stop other, future disclosures concerning the intelligence community’s secretive hacking capabilities.
“i think that while the us government needs to better protect its tools and things that leak are very unfortunate and we need to apply security measures that prevent that from happening, i think brad [smith of microsoft] also now appreciates more and better what we hold onto and why we hold onto it,” bossert said. “and in part he appreciates that more and better because we’ve made it a transparent process.”
cyberscoop previously confirmed that tools leaked by the shadow brokers belonged to the nsa. further reporting found that the group had likely gained physical access to a hard drive, containing various other outdated exploits and implants designed for sophisticated offensive operations. the nsa has yet to publicly comment on the nature and cause for these apparent leaks.
a national security council spokesperson said at least one other company contributed to the efforts by microsoft and facebook.
in a company blog post published on may 14, microsoft president brad smith had criticized the nsa and white house for their roles in allowing eternalblue fall into the hands of hackers.
“an equivalent scenario with conventional weapons would be the u.s. military having some of its tomahawk missiles stolen,” smith wrote at the time. “and this most recent attack represents a completely unintended but disconcerting link between the two most serious forms of cybersecurity threats in the world today nation-state action and organized criminal action.”
a newly released blog post written by smith mentioned that microsoft took steps last week to “disrupt the malware this group relies on, cleaned customers’ infected computers, disabled accounts being used to pursue cyberattacks and strengthened windows defenses to prevent reinfection.”
the post continues, “microsoft welcomed the opportunity to work with facebook and others in recent weeks to address this issue. as we look to 2018, it’s essential that we act with shared responsibility to strengthen further the partnerships with the security community and governments to combat cyberattacks against civilians.”
you can watch bossert’s comments via c-span:
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ˈɪzriəlz praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu wɑz ˈfoʊtəˌgræft ɔn dɛk. 21 ˈkɛriɪŋ ə ˈkɑpi əv ˈnəθɪŋ lɛs ðən ˈvɪktəri: dɪˈsaɪsɪv wɔrz ənd ðə ˈlɛsənz əv ˈhɪstəri baɪ ʤɑn ˈdeɪvɪd luɪs (ˈprɪnstən ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 2010 ɪn ðət bʊk, luɪs lʊks æt sɪks keɪs ˈstədiz ənd ˈɑrgjuz ðət ɪn ðɛm ɔl "ðə taɪd əv wɔr tərnd wɪn wən saɪd ˈteɪstɪd dɪˈfit ənd ɪts wɪl tɪ kənˈtɪnju, ˈrəðər ðən ˈstɪfənɪŋ, kəˈlæpst." ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu ˈkɛriɪŋ ʤɑn ˈdeɪvɪd luɪs' "ˈnəθɪŋ lɛs ðən ˈvɪktəri." ðət ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu ʃʊd ɪn ˈɛni weɪ bi ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ðiz laɪnz ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ æt ðɪs ˈmoʊmənt əv fləks, wɪn ˈsuni ˈærəb steɪts ˈfoʊkɪs ɛz ˈnɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr ɔn ə θrɛt (ˈneɪmli ðə ˌɪˈrɑniən), ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈlivɪŋ ˈɪzriəl ɪn ðə lərʧ æt ðə u.n*. sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkaʊnsəl, ənd ˌɪnˈsərʤənt ˈpɑləˌtɪks dɪsˈrəpt əˈkrɔs ðə wɛst. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə ɪgˈzæktli raɪt tɪ əˈplaɪ luɪs' ˈɑrgjəmənt tɪ ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz. ˈæˌkʧuəli, ˈɪzriəl səkˈsɛsfəli pərˈsud ə ˈstrætəʤi əv ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðə teɪst əv dɪˈfit ɔn ɪts ˈɛnəmiz θru ɪts fərst 45 jɪrz, soʊ ðɪs wʊd bi ə rɪˈtərn tɪ oʊld weɪz. ðət ˈstrætəʤi stɑrts baɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪŋ ðət, sɪns ðə ˈbælfɔr ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən əv 1917 ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz ənd ˌɪzˈreɪliz hæv pərˈsud ˈstætɪk ənd ˈɑpəzɪt goʊlz. ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz əˈdɑptəd ə ˈpɑləsi əv wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnt tɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ˈɛvəri ˈvɛstɪʤ əv ʤuɪʃ ˈprɛzəns ɪn wət ɪz naʊ ðə ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri əv ˈɪzriəl. ˈdɪfərənsɪz əˈməŋ ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz tɛnd tɪ bi ˈtæktɪkəl: tɔk tɪ ðə ˌɪzˈreɪliz tɪ wɪn kənˈsɛʃənz ər stɪk tɪ ˈtoʊtəl? ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniən əˈθɔrəti ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə fərst əˈproʊʧ ənd ˌhɑˈmɑs ðə ˈsɛkənd. ɔn ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli saɪd, ˈnɪrli ˈɛvriˌwən əˈgriz ɔn ðə nid tɪ wɪn əkˈsɛptəns baɪ ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz (ənd ˈəðər ˈærəbz ənd ˈməzlɪmz); ˈdɪfərənsɪz ər əˈgɛn ˈtæktɪkəl. ʃoʊ ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz wət ðeɪ kən geɪn frəm ˈzaɪəˌnɪzəm ər breɪk ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz' wɪl? ˈleɪbər ənd ˈlɪkəd ˈɑrgju ðɪs aʊt. ðiz tu pərˈsuts ənd əkˈsɛptəns hæv rɪˈmeɪnd ˈbeɪsɪkli ənˈʧeɪnʤd fər ə ˈsɛnʧəri. ˈvɛriɪŋ ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤiz, əˈbʤɛktɪvz, ˈtæktɪks, ˈstrætəʤiz, ənd ˈæktərz min ˈditeɪlz hæv ˈvɛrid, ˈivɪn ɛz ˌfəndəˈmɛnəlz rɪˈmeɪn rɪˈmɑrkəbli ɪn pleɪs. wɔrz ənd ˈtritiz kəm ənd goʊ, ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ˈoʊnli ˈmaɪnər ʃɪfts. dɪˈtərəns, ðət ɪz, kənˈvɪnsɪŋ ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz ənd ðə ˈærəb steɪts tɪ əkˈsɛpt ˈɪzriəlz ɪgˈzɪstəns baɪ θˈrɛtənɪŋ ˈpeɪnfəl riˌtæliˈeɪʃən, ˈɪzriəlz ˌfɔrˈmɪdəbəl ˈrɛkərd ɪn əv strəˈtiʤɪk ˈvɪʒən ənd ˈtæktɪkəl ˈbrɪljəns. ðət sɛd, dɪˈtərəns dɪd nɑt ˈfɪnɪʃ ðə ʤɑb; ɛz ˌɪzˈreɪliz bɪlt ə ˈmɑdərn, ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk, ˈæfluənt, ənd ˈpaʊərfəl ˈkəntri, ðə fækt ðət ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz, ˈærəbz, ˈməzlɪmz, ənd (ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli) ðə lɛft stɪl rɪˈʤɛktɪd ɪt bɪˈkeɪm ə sɔrs əv ˈmaʊntɪŋ frəˈstreɪʃən. ˈɪzriəlz ˌɪmˈpeɪʃənt, ˈpɑpjələs gru ˈwɪri wɪθ ðə ənd ˈpæsɪv ˈæˌspɛkts əv dɪˈtərəns. ðət ˌɪmˈpeɪʃəns lɛd tɪ ðə ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət ˈkəlməˌneɪtɪd wɪθ ðə ˈhændˌʃeɪk kənˈfərmɪŋ ðə ˈsaɪnɪŋ əv ðə ˈɑzloʊ əˈkɔrdz ɔn ðə waɪt haʊs lɔn ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 1993 ðoʊz əˈkɔrdz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, kˈwɪkli ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd boʊθ saɪdz. θɪŋz wɛnt soʊ rɔŋ ɪn pɑrt bɪˈkəz ˌjɑˈsɪr ˈɑrəˌfɑt, ˈmæmud əˈbɑs, ənd ðə rɛst əv ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniən əˈθɔrəti ˈlidərˌʃɪp priˈtɛndɪd tɪ əˈbændən ənd əkˈsɛpt ˈɪzriəlz ɪgˈzɪstəns bət, ɪn fækt, ðeɪ sɔt ˈɪzriəlz ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən ɪn nu, mɔr səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd weɪz, rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ fɔrs wɪθ delegitimization*. ɪn pɑrt, tu, ðə ˌɪzˈreɪliz meɪd ə proʊˈfaʊnd mɪˈsteɪk, ˈhævɪŋ ˈɛnərd ðə ˈɑzloʊ ˈprɔˌsɛs wɪθ ə fɔls ˈprɛmɪs ðət wɔr kən bi kənˈkludɪd θru ˈgʊdˈwɪl ənd ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz. ɪn fækt, ˌɪzˈreɪli kənˈsɛʃənz ˈægrəˌveɪtɪd ˌpælɪˈstɪniən hɑˈstɪləti. ðə ˈɑzloʊ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ʃoʊd ðə fjuˈtɪləti əv ˌɪzˈreɪli kənˈsɛʃənz tɪ ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz wɪn ðə ˈlætər feɪl tɪ lɪv əp tɪ ðɛr ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃənz. baɪ ˈsɪgnəlɪŋ ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈwiknəs, ˈɑzloʊ meɪd ə bæd ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wərs. wət ɪz kənˈvɛnʃənəli kɔld ðə "pis ˈprɔˌsɛs" ʃʊd mɔr ˈækjərətli bi dəbd ðə "wɔr ˈprɔˌsɛs." ðɪs brɪŋz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ maɪ ki ˈkɑnsɛpts, ˈvɪktəri ənd dɪˈfit. ˈvɪktəri minz səkˈsɛsfəli ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ wənz wɪl ɔn ðə ˈɛnəmi, kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ɪm θru lɔs tɪ gɪv əp hɪz wɔr æmˈbɪʃənz. wɔrz ɛnd, ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈrɛkərd ʃoʊz, nɑt θru ˈgʊdˈwɪl bət θru dɪˈfit. hi hu dɪz nɑt wɪn ˈluzɪz. ˈθɪŋkərz ənd ˈwɔrjərz θru ðə ˈeɪʤɪz kənˈkər ɔn ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˈvɪktəri ɛz ðə ˈprɑpər goʊl əv ˈwɔrˌfɛr. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈɛrəˌstɑtəl roʊt ðət "ˈvɪktəri ɪz ðə ɛnd əv ˈʤɛnərəlˌʃɪp" ənd dwaɪt di. ˈaɪzənˌhaʊər ˈsteɪtɪd ðət "ɪn wɔr, ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈsəbstəˌtut fər ˈvɪktəri." ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ədˈvænsmənt həz nɑt ˈɔltərd ðɪs ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ ˈjumən truθ. ˈɪzriəl həz ʤɪst wən ˈɔpʃən tɪ wɪn ˌpælɪˈstɪniən əkˈsɛptəns: ə rɪˈtərn tɪ ɪts oʊld ˈpɑləsi əv dɪˈtərəns, ˈpənɪʃɪŋ ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz wɪn ðeɪ əˈgrɛs. dɪˈtərəns əˈmaʊnts tɪ mɔr ðən təf ˈtæktɪks, wɪʧ ˈɛvəri ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈgəvərnmənt pərˈsuz; ɪt rikˈwaɪərz sɪˈstɛmɪk ˈpɑləsiz ðət ɪnˈkərəʤ ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz tɪ əkˈsɛpt ˈɪzriəl ənd dɪˈskərɪʤ. ɪt rikˈwaɪərz ə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈstrætəʤi ðət breɪks ðə wɪl ənd prəˈmoʊts ə ʧeɪnʤ əv hɑrt. ðə goʊl hir ɪz nɑt ˌpælɪˈstɪniən ləv əv zaɪən bət ˈkloʊzɪŋ daʊn ðə ˌæpərˈætəs əv wɔr: ˈʃətərɪŋ ˈsuɪˌsaɪd ˈfæktəriz, riˈmuvɪŋ ðə ˌdimənəˈzeɪʃən əv ʤuz ənd ˈɪzriəl, ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪŋ ʤuɪʃ taɪz tɪ ʤərˈusələm, ənd "ˈnɔrməˌlaɪzɪŋ" riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ˌɪzˈreɪliz. ˌpælɪˈstɪniən əkˈsɛptəns əv ˈɪzriəl wɪl bi əˈʧivd wɪn, ˈoʊvər ə proʊˈtræktɪd ˈpɪriəd ənd wɪθ kəmˈplit kənˈsɪstənsi, ðə ˈvaɪələns ɛndz, ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ ˈʃɑrpli ˈwərdɪd ənd ˈlɛtərz tɪ ðə ˈɛdɪtər. aɪˈrɑnɪkli, ən ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈvɪktəri ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz baɪ kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ðɛm tɪ kəm tɪ tərmz wɪθ ðɛr ˈfænəsiz ənd ðə ˈɛmti ˈrɛtərɪk əv ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. dɪˈfit ˈɔlsoʊ friz ðɛm tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðɛr oʊn lɪvz. ənˈliʃt frəm ə ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪdəl əbˈsɛʃən əˈgɛnst ˈɪzriəl, ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz kən bɪˈkəm ə ˈnɔrməl ˈpipəl ənd dɪˈvɛləp ðɛr ˈpɑləti, ɪˈkɑnəmi, soʊˈsaɪɪti, ənd ˈkəlʧər. ðət sɛd, ðɪs ʧeɪnʤ woʊnt bi ˈizi ər kwɪk: ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz wɪl hæv tɪ pæs θru ðə ˈbɪtər ˈkrusəbəl əv dɪˈfit, wɪθ ɔl ɪts ˌdɛprəˈveɪʃən, dɪˈstrəkʃən, ənd dɪˈspɛr. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈʃɔrtˌkət. fər ˈwɔʃɪŋtən tɪ bi ˈhɛlpfəl minz səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈɪzriəl ˈteɪkɪŋ təf stɛps. ɪt minz ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk səˈpɔrt fər ˈɪzriəl, səʧ ɛz ənˈduɪŋ ðə "ˈpæləˌstaɪn ˈrɛfjuʤi" fɑrs ənd rɪˈʤɛktɪŋ ðə kleɪm əv ʤərˈusələm ɛz ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniən ˈkæpɪtəl. dɪˈploʊməsi ɪz ˌpriməˈʧʊr ənˈtɪl ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz əkˈsɛpt ðə ʤuɪʃ steɪt. ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈɪʃuz əv ðə ˈɑzloʊ əˈkɔrdz ˈkænɑt bi ˈjusfəli dɪˈskəst soʊ lɔŋ ɛz wən ˈpɑrti stɪl ˈriʤɛkts ðə ˈəðər. bət nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz kən ənd teɪk əp əˈnu ðə ˈɑzloʊ ˈɪʃuz ɪf ənd wɪn ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz əkˈsɛpt ðə ʤuɪʃ steɪt. ðət ˈprɑspɛkt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, laɪz ɪn ðə ˈdɪstənt fˈjuʧər. fər naʊ, ˈɪzriəl nidz tɪ wɪn.
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israel's prime minister binyamin netanyahu was photographed on dec. 21 carrying a copy of nothing less than victory: decisive wars and the lessons of history by john david lewis (princeton university press, 2010). in that book, lewis looks at six case studies and argues that in them all "the tide of war turned when one side tasted defeat and its will to continue, rather than stiffening, collapsed."
netanyahu carrying john david lewis' "nothing less than victory."
that netanyahu should in any way be thinking along these lines is particularly encouraging at this moment of flux, when sunni arab states focus as never before on a non-israeli threat (namely the iranian), obama's leaving israel in the lurch at the u.n. security council, and insurgent politics disrupt across the west. in other words, the timing's exactly right to apply lewis' argument to the palestinians. actually, israel successfully pursued a strategy of forcing the taste of defeat on its enemies through its first 45 years, so this would be a return to old ways.
that strategy starts by recognizing that, since the balfour declaration of 1917, palestinians and israelis have pursued static and opposite goals. the palestinians adopted a policy of rejectionism with the intent to eliminate every vestige of jewish presence in what is now the territory of israel. differences among palestinians tend to be tactical: talk to the israelis to win concessions or stick to total rejectionism? the palestinian authority represents the first approach and hamas the second.
on the israeli side, nearly everyone agrees on the need to win acceptance by palestinians (and other arabs and muslims); differences are again tactical. show palestinians what they can gain from zionism or break the palestinians' will? labor and likud argue this out.
these two pursuits – rejectionism and acceptance – have remained basically unchanged for a century. varying ideologies, objectives, tactics, strategies, and actors mean details have varied, even as fundamentals remain remarkably in place. wars and treaties come and go, leading to only minor shifts.
deterrence, that is, convincing palestinians and the arab states to accept israel's existence by threatening painful retaliation, underlay israel's formidable record in 1948-93 of strategic vision and tactical brilliance.
that said, deterrence did not finish the job; as israelis built a modern, democratic, affluent, and powerful country, the fact that palestinians, arabs, muslims, and (increasingly) the left still rejected it became a source of mounting frustration. israel's impatient, on-the-go populace grew weary with the slow-moving and passive aspects of deterrence.
that impatience led to the diplomatic process that culminated with the handshake confirming the signing of the oslo accords on the white house lawn in september 1993. those accords, however, quickly disappointed both sides.
things went so wrong in part because yasir arafat, mahmoud abbas, and the rest of the palestinian authority leadership pretended to abandon rejectionism and accept israel's existence but, in fact, they sought israel's elimination in new, more sophisticated ways, replacing force with delegitimization.
in part, too, the israelis made a profound mistake, having entered the oslo process with a false premise that war can be concluded through goodwill and compromise. in fact, israeli concessions aggravated palestinian hostility.
the oslo exercise showed the futility of israeli concessions to palestinians when the latter fail to live up to their obligations. by signaling israeli weakness, oslo made a bad situation worse. what is conventionally called the "peace process" should more accurately be dubbed the "war process."
this brings us to my key concepts, victory and defeat. victory means successfully imposing one's will on the enemy, compelling him through loss to give up his war ambitions. wars end, the historical record shows, not through goodwill but through defeat. he who does not win loses.
thinkers and warriors through the ages concur on the importance of victory as the proper goal of warfare. for example, aristotle wrote that "victory is the end of generalship" and dwight d. eisenhower stated that "in war, there is no substitute for victory." technological advancement has not altered this enduring human truth.
israel has just one option to win palestinian acceptance: a return to its old policy of deterrence, punishing palestinians when they aggress. deterrence amounts to more than tough tactics, which every israeli government pursues; it requires systemic policies that encourage palestinians to accept israel and discourage rejectionism. it requires a long-term strategy that breaks the will and promotes a change of heart.
the goal here is not palestinian love of zion but closing down the apparatus of war: shuttering suicide factories, removing the demonization of jews and israel, recognizing jewish ties to jerusalem, and "normalizing" relations with israelis. palestinian acceptance of israel will be achieved when, over a protracted period and with complete consistency, the violence ends, replaced by sharply worded démarches and letters to the editor.
ironically, an israeli victory liberates palestinians by compelling them to come to terms with their irredentist fantasies and the empty rhetoric of revolution. defeat also frees them to improve their own lives. unleashed from a genocidal obsession against israel, palestinians can become a normal people and develop their polity, economy, society, and culture. that said, this change won't be easy or quick: palestinians will have to pass through the bitter crucible of defeat, with all its deprivation, destruction, and despair. there is no shortcut.
for washington to be helpful means supporting israel taking tough steps. it means diplomatic support for israel, such as undoing the "palestine refugee" farce and rejecting the claim of jerusalem as the palestinian capital.
israeli-palestinian diplomacy is premature until palestinians accept the jewish state. the central issues of the oslo accords cannot be usefully discussed so long as one party still rejects the other. but negotiations can re-open and take up anew the oslo issues if and when palestinians accept the jewish state. that prospect, however, lies in the distant future. for now, israel needs to win.
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ðə ˈlɛtər frəm ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈseɪfti ˈeɪʤənsi ˈaʊˌtlaɪnz ðə ˈprɑbləm seɪɪŋ: "ðə pərˈfɔrməns ˈdifɛkt ɪz ðət ðə fjuəl tæŋks ˌɪnˈstɔld ɔn ðiz ˈviɪkəlz ər ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈfeɪljər wɪn ðə ˈviɪkəlz ər strək frəm ðə rɪr. səʧ ˈfeɪljər kən rɪˈzəlt ɪn fjuəl ˈlikɪʤ, wɪʧ ɪn ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ɪkˈstərnəl ˌɪgˈnɪʃən ˈsɔrsəz, kən rɪˈzəlt ɪn faɪər. ðə dɪˈzaɪn ˈdifɛkt ɪz ðə ˈpleɪsmənt əv ðə fjuəl tæŋks ɪn ðə pəˈzɪʃən bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈæksəl ənd haʊ ðeɪ wər pəˈzɪʃənd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðɛr haɪt əˈbəv ðə ˈroʊdˌweɪ." ðə dɪz nɑt ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ wət ˈrɛmədi ɪt bɪˈlivz ˈkraɪslər ʃʊd pərˈsu tɪ fɪks ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪt əˈlɛʤɪz. ˈkraɪslər həz ənˈtɪl ʤun 18 tɪ ˈɪʃu ə ˈfɔrməl rɪˈspɑns ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ waɪ ɪt wɪl nɑt kəmˈplaɪ wɪθ ðə ˈriˌkɔl rɪkˈwɛst. (rɛd mɔr: ˈpɪˌkəps paʊər meɪ ˈɔtoʊ seɪlz) ɪn ə ˈrɪtən ˈsteɪtmənt, ˈkraɪslər ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈsərˌʤjoʊ dɪˈfɛndɪd ðə ˈseɪfti əv ðə ʤip ˈmɑdəlz ɪn kˈwɛʃən seɪɪŋ: "ðə ˈseɪfti əv ˈdraɪvərz ənd ˈpæsənʤərz həz lɔŋ bɪn ðə fərst praɪˈɔrəti fər ˈkraɪslər brændz ənd ðət kəˈmɪtmənt rɪˈmeɪnz ˈstɛdˌfæst. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni stændz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə kˈwɑləti əv ɪts ˈviɪkəlz. ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs rɪˈmeɪn kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən kənˈfərmɪŋ ðə ˈseɪfti əv ðiz ˈviɪkəlz." ðə ˈmɪljən ʤips mɛt ˈfɛdərəl ˈviɪkəl ˈseɪfti ˈstændərdz wɪn ðeɪ wər ˌmænjəˈfækʧərd. ðə əˈgriz wɪθ ðɪs kleɪm ɪn ɪts ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈkraɪslər, bət ˈdəzənt θɪŋk ðət ɪz ɪˈnəf. "ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ə ˈmɪnəməm ˈstændərd dɪz nɑt ˌrikˈwaɪər tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr ˈdɛdli ˈprɑbləmz." ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt leɪt ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər ˈdeɪvɪd ˈstrɪklənd sɛd ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈdætə ʃoʊ "ðiz ˈviɪkəlz meɪ kənˈteɪn ə ˈdifɛkt ðət ˈprɛzənts ən ənˈriznəbəl rɪsk tɪ ˈseɪfti" ənd ɪt "hoʊps ðət ˈkraɪslər wɪl ˌrikənˈsɪdər ɪts pəˈzɪʃən ənd teɪk ˈækʃən tɪ prəˈtɛkt ɪts ˈkəstəmərz ənd ðə ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈpəblɪk." soʊ waɪ ɪz ˈkraɪslər ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ðə ˈriˌkɔl? ə sɔrs fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, hu æst tɪ rɪˈmeɪn əˈnɑnəməs, sɪz ðə ˈɔtoʊˌmeɪkər bɪˈlivz ðə reɪt əv ˈfeɪtəl ˈkræʃɪz fər ðə ʤips ɪz noʊ ˈgreɪtər ðən ðə fəˈtælɪti reɪt fər ˈəðər ˈviɪkəlz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈkræʃɪz ðət rɪˈzəlt ɪn ə faɪər. æt ˈɪʃu ɪz haʊ tɪ ˈmɛʒər fəˈtælɪti reɪts fər ˈviɪkəlz. wɪn ˈteɪkɪŋ ə lʊk æt ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈfeɪtəl ˈkræʃɪz pər ˈmɪljənz əv maɪəlz ˈdrɪvən, ðə ʤip reɪt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɔrsəz, ɪz loʊər. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈfɔrməl ˈrɛmədi səˈʤɛstɪd, ðə kˈwɛʃən bɪˈkəmz haʊ wʊd ˈkraɪslər ɪnˈʃʊr ðə ˈseɪfti əv ðə ʤips. ɪts rɛr wɪn ə ˈviɪkəl ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər bɔks æt ə rɪkˈwɛst fər ə ˈriˌkɔl. (rɛd mɔr: ˈlisɪŋ hɪts nu haɪz, ˈɔtoʊ loʊnz sərʤ) ˈɛvəri jɪr, ðɛr ər ˈdəzənz əv ˈriˌkɔlz ənd moʊst əv ðə taɪm ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt, ˈɔtoʊˌmeɪkərz ənd pɑrts səˈplaɪərz hoʊld ˈnumərəs dɪˈskəʃənz əˈbaʊt ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈprɑbləm ənd haʊ tɪ fɪks ɪt. ɛz wən ˈɪndəstri ˈvɛtərən dɪˈskraɪbd ɪt, ðɛrz ə ˈhɛlθi ənd ˈvɪgərəs dəˈbeɪt, bət ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈɛvriˌwən ˌɪnˈvɑlvd əˈgriz tɪ ə səˈluʃən. ðæts wət meɪks ˈkraɪslərz rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə ˈriˌkɔl rɪkˈwɛst soʊ ənˈjuˌʒuəl. ɪt ɪz ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ðə ˈɛvədəns, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈpɪkʧərz əv ˈmɛni hɔˈrɪfɪk ˈfeɪtəl ˈæksədənts, kəˈlɛktəd baɪ ðə. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, ˈkraɪslər ənd ðə ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt səm taɪp əv ˈsɛtəlmənt. ɪf nɑt, ðə ˈmætər kʊd pleɪ aʊt ɪn ə ˈpəblɪk ˈhirɪŋ ənd bi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ɪn kɔrt. baɪ fɪl lɪˈboʊ. ˈfɑloʊ ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər kˈwɛsʧənz? ˈkɑmɛnts?
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the letter from the federal safety agency outlines the problem saying: "the performance defect is that the fuel tanks installed on these vehicles are subject to failure when the vehicles are struck from the rear. such failure can result in fuel leakage, which in the presence of external ignition sources, can result in fire. the design defect is the placement of the fuel tanks in the position behind the axle and how they were positioned, including their height above the roadway."
the nhtsa does not specify what remedy it believes chrysler should pursue to fix the problem it alleges.
chrysler has until june 18 to issue a formal response explaining why it will not comply with the recall request.
(read more: pickups power may auto sales)
in a written statement, chrysler ceo sergio marchionne defended the safety of the jeep models in question saying: "the safety of drivers and passengers has long been the first priority for chrysler brands and that commitment remains steadfast. the company stands behind the quality of its vehicles. all of us remain committed to continue working with nhtsa to provide information confirming the safety of these vehicles."
the 2.7 million jeeps met federal vehicle safety standards when they were manufactured. the nhtsa agrees with this claim in its letter to chrysler, but doesn't think that is enough. "the existence of a minimum standard does not require nhtsa to ignore deadly problems."
in a statement late tuesday, nhtsa administrator david strickland said the agency's data show "these vehicles may contain a defect that presents an unreasonable risk to safety" and it "hopes that chrysler will reconsider its position and take action to protect its customers and the driving public."
so why is chrysler challenging the recall?
a source familiar with the situation, who asked to remain anonymous, says the automaker believes the rate of fatal rear-impact crashes for the jeeps is no greater than the fatality rate for other vehicles involved in rear-impact crashes that result in a fire.
at issue is how to measure fatality rates for vehicles.
when taking a look at the number of fatal rear-impact crashes per millions of miles driven, the jeep rate, according to sources, is lower. in addition, without a formal remedy suggested, the question becomes how would chrysler ensure the safety of the jeeps.
it's rare when a vehicle manufacturer balks at a nhtsa request for a recall.
(read more: leasing hits new highs, auto loans surge)
every year, there are dozens of recalls and most of the time the federal government, automakers and parts suppliers hold numerous discussions about the specific problem and how to fix it.
as one industry veteran described it, there's a healthy and vigorous debate, but eventually everyone involved agrees to a solution.
that's what makes chrysler's response to the recall request so unusual. it is challenging the evidence, including pictures of many horrific fatal accidents, collected by the nhtsa.
eventually, chrysler and the nhtsa are likely to negotiate some type of settlement. if not, the matter could play out in a public hearing and be decided in court.
_ by cnbc's phil lebeau. follow him on twitter @lebeaucarnews
questions? comments? behindthewheel@cnbc.com
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wɪn rɪˈpɔrts ˈsərfɪst ɪn mɪd dɪˈsɛmbər ðət ˈbəbə ˈwɑtsən wʊd juz ə gɔlf bɔl ɪn 2017 ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə ˈkəmpəˌni sɛd, kənˈfərm ər ˈkɑmɛnt æt ðɪs point.”*.” ˈwɑtsən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪˈreɪst ˈɛni daʊt ɪn həˈwaɪˌi ɛz hi ˈrɛdid fər ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt əv ˈʧæmpiənz, seɪɪŋ ðət hi saɪnd ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ ɔn nu deɪ tɪ pleɪ ðə bɔl. ˈwɑtsən, hu hæd pleɪd ðə proʊ, hæd hɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛst pikt ˈwɑʧɪŋ pleɪərz juz ðə bɔl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə wərld lɔŋ draɪv ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp, ənd hɪz ˈmænɪʤmənt tim hæd səm bɔlz ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ɪm wɪn hi rɪˈtərnd frəm pleɪɪŋ ðə ˈʧæmpiənz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər. tʊk faɪv bɔlz aʊt ənd hɪt ɔl kaɪnz əv shots,”*,” ˈwɑtsən sɛd. tɛd skɑt] bɔt səm ənd ˈtɛstɪd ðɛm ɛz wɛl. ənd wi kəm əp wɪθ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ rɔŋ wɪθ ðɛm. ðɛn ɪt kəmz daʊn tɪ ðə fən kʊd ju nɑt wɔnt ə ˈkələrd bɔl wɪn ju hæv ə ˈkələrd driver?”*?” wɛl, wɪn bɪn wən əv ðə bɛst pleɪərz ɪn ðə wərld wɪθ ə pɛr əv ˈmæstərz ˈtaɪtəlz, θɪŋz ˈəðər ðən ˈkələr wʊd ˈmætər fər moʊst. bət ˈwɑtsən, hu ɪz ˈɔfən rɪˈləktənt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ɪkˈwɪpmənt, ɪz nɑt jʊr ˈtɪpɪkəl pleɪər hu ɪnˈdʊrz ˈɛndləs aʊərz əv ˈprɑdəkt ˈtɛstɪŋ. ə pleɪər wɪθ ˌɪmˈpɛkəbəl fil, ˈwɑtsən ˈɔfən noʊz raɪt əˈweɪ ˈwɛðər ə ˈprɑdəkt suts ɪm ər nɑt, ənd səʧ wɑz ðə keɪs wɪθ ðə bɔl. kən hɪt ə ʃɑt ənd tɛl ju ɪf gʊd ər bad.”*.” ðə ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd fər haɪ swɪŋ spidz, ənd ˈwɑtsən sɛd hi ˈnoʊtɪst ə slaɪt ˈdɪfərəns ɪn spɪn reɪt frəm hɪz proʊ bət ðət ɪt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt. ˈtɛstɪd ˈmɛni bɔlz ˈoʊvər ðə læst eɪt years,”*,” hi sɛd. kən tɛl wɪn ə difference.”*.” ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈlɪsən tɪ hɪz ˈɪnˌpʊt ˈɔlsoʊ wɑz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ˈwɑtsən. ˈkəmpəˌniz aɪ wɔnt tɪ bi wɪθ ər ðə wənz ðət lɛt mi hæv səm ˈɪnfluəns ənd bi pɑrt əv ðə decision-making,”*,” hi sɛd. ənd ɔˈrɛdi ˈwɑtsən həz səm aɪˈdiəz, ˈhævɪŋ ɔˈrɛdi æst əˈbaʊt ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ bɔlz wɪθ ə swərl ər ˈkæməˌflɑʒ ˈfɪnɪʃ. fər naʊ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ˈskræmbəlɪŋ ʤɪst tɪ gɪt ɪm ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈəðər ðən waɪt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪz noʊn fər ɪts ˈkələrd gɔlf bɔlz, ðə ɪz ˈoʊnli əˈveɪləbəl ɪn waɪt., ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hæd səm pɪŋk prəˈdust ʤɪst fər ˈwɑtsən ənd gɑt ðɛm ɔn ðə kənˈfɔrmɪŋ lɪst. ˈwɑtsən ˈɔlsoʊ hoʊps tɪ sun hæv ðə laɪm grin əˈveɪləbəl ɛz wɛl, seɪɪŋ ðət wɑz hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt. ɛz fər ˈwɛðər hi wʊd juz ðə waɪt ər pɪŋk æt ðə ˈhənˌdeɪ, ˈwɑtsən sɛd, maɪt ʤɪst ˈroʊˌteɪt ðɛm. waɪt wən deɪ, pɪŋk ðə next.”*.” ˈoʊnli wɪθ ˈbəbə. əˈdɪʃənəl rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ frəm braɪən ˈwækər wɔʧ: gɔlf ˈdaɪʤɛst ˈvɪdioʊz
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when reports surfaced in mid december that bubba watson would use a volvik golf ball in 2017, a spokesman for the company said, “i can’t confirm or comment at this point.” watson, however, erased any doubt in hawaii as he readied for the sbs tournament of champions, saying that he signed a contract with volvik on new year’s day to play the company’s ball.
watson, who had played the titleist pro v1x, had his interest piqued watching players use the ball during the world long drive championship, and his management team had some volvik balls waiting for him when he returned from playing the hsbc champions in china in november. “i took five balls out and hit all kinds of shots,” watson said. “teddy [caddie ted scott] bought some and tested them as well. and we couldn’t come up with anything wrong with them. then it comes down to the fun factor—how could you not want a colored ball when you have a colored driver?”
well, when you’ve been one of the best players in the world with a pair of masters titles, things other than color would matter for most. but watson, who is often reluctant to change equipment, is not your typical player who endures endless hours of product testing. a player with impeccable feel, watson often knows right away whether a product suits him or not, and such was the case with the volvik s4 ball.
“i can hit a shot and tell you if good or bad.”
the volvik s4 is designed for high swing speeds, and watson said he noticed a slight difference in spin rate from his pro v1x but that it wasn’t anything significant. “i’ve tested many balls over the last eight years,” he said. “i can tell when there’s a difference.”
having a company willing to listen to his input also was important to watson. “the companies i want to be with are the ones that let me have some influence and be part of the decision-making,” he said. and already watson has some ideas, having already asked about the possibility of making balls with a pink-and-white swirl or camouflage finish.
for now, however, the company is scrambling just to get him something other than white. although volvik is known for its colored golf balls, the s4 is only available in white. volvik, however, had some pink s4s produced just for watson and got them on the usga conforming list. watson also hopes to soon have the lime green available as well, saying that was his favorite.
as for whether he would use the white or pink at the hyundai, watson said, “i might just rotate them. white one day, pink the next.”
only with bubba.
additional reporting from brian wacker
watch: golf digest videos
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(ˈɛdɪtərz noʊt: əˈtɛnʃən ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ðət meɪ bi əˈfɛnsɪv tɪ səm ˈridərz ɪn ˈpɛrəˌgræfs 22 23 24 baɪ ˈɛmɪli ˈstivənsən ənd ˈʤɪnʤər ˈgɪbsən nu (ˈrɔɪtərz) wɪθ hɪz kæmˈpeɪn ɪn ˈkraɪsəs, juz. ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt ˈdɑnəld trəmp vaʊd ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ tɪ steɪ ɪn ðə reɪs dɪˈspaɪt kɔlz frəm mɔr ðən tu ˈdəzən ˈprɑmənənt rɪˈpəblɪkənz fər ɪm tɪ drɔp aʊt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə riˈlis əv ə rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ əv ɪm ˈmeɪkɪŋ lud ˈkɑmɛnts əˈbaʊt ˈwɪmən. boʊθ waɪf ənd hɪz ˈrənɪŋ meɪt ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd hɪz wərdz, seɪɪŋ ðeɪ wər ˌɪnˈsəltɪŋ ənd ˌɪndɪˈfɛnsəbəl. ˈmidiə ənd ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt wɔnt mi aʊt əv ðə reɪs soʊ ˈbædli aɪ wɪl ˈnɛvər drɔp aʊt əv ðə reɪs, wɪl ˈnɛvər lɛt maɪ səˈpɔrtərz down!”*!” trəmp roʊt ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun ɔn ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt tˈwɪtər. ðə ˈvɪdioʊ wɑz ðə ˈleɪtəst kəˈlæmɪti fər trəmp, hu hæd hoʊpt tɪ rɪˈvaɪv hɪz ˈflægɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn ɪn ðə feɪs əv ə ˈrisənt drɔp ɪn poʊlz wɪθ lɛs ðən ə mənθ ənˈtɪl ɪˈlɛkʃən deɪ. trəmp ɪz du tɪ əˈpɪr əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ˈdɛməˌkræt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ɔn ˈsənˌdi ɪn ðɛr ˈsɛkənd dəˈbeɪt ɪn ðə tɪ ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən. ˈklɪntən ɪz nɑt ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ˈvɪdioʊ ˌbiˈfɔr ðɛn. ðə 2005 ˈvɪdioʊ əv trəmp ˈtɔkɪŋ ɔn ən ˈoʊpən ˈmaɪkrəˌfoʊn ʃoʊd ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən stɑr ˈspikɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈgroʊpɪŋ ˈwɪmən ənd traɪɪŋ tɪ sɪˈdus ə ˈmɛrid ˈwʊmən. ðə ˈvɪdioʊ wɑz teɪpt ˈoʊnli mənθs ˈæftər trəmp ˈmɛrid hɪz θərd waɪf,. ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt, trəmp kɔld hər wərdz ənd əˈfɛnsɪv tɪ me.”*.” dɪz nɑt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə mæn ðət aɪ know,”*,” ʃi sɛd. həz ðə hɑrt ənd maɪnd əv ə ˈlidər. aɪ hoʊp ˈpipəl wɪl əkˈsɛpt hɪz əˈpɑləˌʤi, ɛz aɪ hæv, ənd ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɪʃuz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ɑr ˈneɪʃən ənd ðə world.”*.” ðə ˈbæˌklæʃ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈvɪdioʊ wɑz swɪft ənd ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd. mɔr ðən 60 ˈprɑmənənt rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈkɑrənt ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈɔfəsˌhoʊldərz ˈɪʃud ˈsteɪtmənts kənˈdɛmɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks əˈbaʊt ˈwɪmən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ haʊs ˈspikər pɔl raɪən ənd ʤɑn məˈkeɪn, ðə ˈstændərd ˈbɛrər ɪn 2008 mɔr ðən 20 kɔld fər trəmp tɪ ɛnd hɪz ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl bɪd. ɪn ən ənˈjuˌʒuəl muv, hɪz vaɪs ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈrənɪŋ meɪt maɪk pɛns ˈɪʃud ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈsteɪtmənt əv wərdz, seɪɪŋ ɔn tˈwɪtər ðət hi dɪˈfɛnd them.”*.” ə ˈhəzbənd ənd ˈfɑðər, aɪ wɑz əˈfɛndɪd baɪ ðə wərdz ənd ˈækʃənz dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ ˈdɑnəld trump,”*,” sɛd pɛns, hu ɪz ˈgəvərnər əv ˌɪndiˈænə. pɛns ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd hi wʊd kənˈtɪnju tɪ səˈpɔrt trəmp, dɪˈspaɪt kɔlz frəm ˈsɛvərəl rɪˈpəblɪkənz fər trəmp tɪ stɛp əˈsaɪd ənd lɛt pɛns bi ðə ˌnɑməˈni. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈprɛsɪdənt fər ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈpɑrti tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ɪts ˌnɑməˈni ðɪs leɪt ɪn ðə kæmˈpeɪn ənd ɪt wɑz ənˈklɪr ɪf ðɛr wɑz ən ˈævəˌnu tɪ fɔrs ɪm aʊt. ˈvoʊtɪŋ həz ˈbeɪgən ɪn ˈsɛvərəl steɪts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ swɪŋ steɪts vərˈʤɪnjə ənd nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə. ə rɪˈkɔrdɪd əˈpɑləˌʤi baɪ trəmp ˈərli ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ dɪd nɑt ˈstaɪmi ən ˈævəˌlænʧ əv kɔlz frəm ˈmɛmbərz əv hɪz ˈpɑrti tɪ kwɪt. rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˌnɑməˈni ˈdɑnəld trəmp weɪvz tɪ səˈpɔrtərz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə frənt dɔr əv trəmp taʊər wɛr hi lɪvz ɪn ðə mænˈhætən bəroʊ əv nu jɔrk, juz., ɑkˈtoʊbər 8 2016 ˈsigər trəmp ˈhədəld ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ɪn trəmp taʊər wɪθ ˈsinjər ædˈvaɪzərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ nu ˈʤərzi ˈgəvərnər krɪs ˈkrɪsti ənd ˈfɔrmər nu jɔrk ˈsɪti meɪər ˈrudi ˌʤuliˈɑni. dɪˈspaɪt ˈpriviəs ˈskɛʤʊlɪŋ, ˌʤuliˈɑni wɪl əˈpɪr ɔn faɪv ˈmeɪʤər ˈsənˌdi ˈmɔrnɪŋ nuz ˈproʊˌgræmz, ə rɛr raʊnd ˈrɑbɪn rɪˈzərvd fər ˈmeɪʤər nuz ɪˈvɛnts rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈʧɛrmən ɔn ðə nation”*” ənd kæmˈpeɪn ˈmænɪʤər ˈkɛliˈæn ˈkɑnˌweɪ ɔn nuz sunday,”*,” ə ˌlæsˈmɪnət swɪʧ. noʊ ˈrizən wɑz ˈgɪvɪn fər ðə bəmp əv ˈkɑnˌweɪ. ə ˈsiˌbiˌɛs nuz riˈlis sɛd ðə æst tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs bɪˈkəz ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˈwɔntɪd kæmˈpeɪn person”*” tɪ əˈpɪr ɔn ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. trəmp lɛft ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈbrifli tɪ grit ə smɔl kraʊd əv səˈpɔrtərz, seɪɪŋ percent”*” hi wʊd rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ðə reɪs. ˌbiˈfɔr rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ə bæŋk əv ˈɛləˌveɪtərz, hi toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz, support.”*.” hi kˈwɪkli muvd tɪ du ˈdæmɪʤ kənˈtroʊl ɪn ˈvɪdioʊ ɪn wɪʧ hi dɪˈklɛrd hɪmˈsɛlf ə ʧeɪnʤd mæn ənd əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ʃɪft ðə ˈfoʊkɪs tɪ hɪz əˈpoʊnənt ˈklɪntən ənd hər ˈhəzbənd, ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt bɪl ˈklɪntən. ɔn tˈwɪtər, trəmp ˈpoʊstɪd ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈsteɪtmənts frəm ˌʤuəˈnitə broaddrick*, ə ˈwʊmən hu həz əˈkjuzd bɪl ˈklɪntən əv ˈsɛkʃuəli əˈsɔltɪŋ hər. hu noʊz mi noʊz ðiz wərdz rɪˈflɛkt hu aɪ æm. aɪ sɛd ɪt, aɪ wɑz rɔŋ, ənd aɪ apologize,”*,” trəmp sɛd ɪn hɪz ˈvɪdioʊ ˈsteɪtmənt, ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn hɪz ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ. ˈkɑmɛnts kənˈdɛmd trəmp həz ˈstrəgəld tɪ wɪn ˈoʊvər ˈwɪmən ˈvoʊtərz, ənd ðə ˈvɪdioʊ wɑz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˈfərðər fid ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əˈbaʊt hɪz pæst bɪˈheɪvjər təˈwɔrd ˈwɪmən. səˈpɔrt həz ˈsəfərd əˈməŋ səˈbərbən ˈwɪmən ənd waɪt, ˈwɪmən, grups ðət rɪˈpəblɪkənz hæv trəˈdɪʃənəli wən. ɪn ðə rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ðət ˈtrɪgərd ðə ˈfaɪrˌstɔrm, trəmp sɛd əv wən ˈwʊmən, dɪd traɪ ənd fək hər. ʃi wɑz married.”*.” hi wɛnt ɔn tɪ dɪˈskəs hɪz əˈtrækʃən tɪ ˈəðərz. ʤɪst stɑrt ˈkɪsɪŋ them,”*,” hi sɛd. wɪn ə stɑr ðeɪ lɛt ju du it.”*.” ðɛm baɪ ðə ˈpʊsi. ju kən du anything,”*,” trəmp sɛd. ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun, ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ˈpəblɪʃt ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt rɪˈpɔrt dɪˈteɪlɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks trəmp meɪd ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz waɪl əˈpɪrɪŋ ɔn haʊərd ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈproʊˌgræm. ðə rɪˈmɑrks ˌɪnˈkludɪd dɪˈskəsɪŋ ðə saɪz əv hɪz brɛsts ənd ðət hi wəns hæd sɛks wɪθ θri ˈwɪmən æt ðə seɪm taɪm. trəmp wɑz æst ɪf hi wʊd hæv sɛks wɪθ ə blæk ˈwʊmən ənd rɪˈspɑndɪd, dɪˈpɛndz ɔn wət jʊr ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv blæk is.”*.” ðə rɪˈmɑrks wər ðə læst strɔ fər səm rɪˈpəblɪkənz hu hæv stək wɪθ ɪm θru ə ˈsɪriz əv ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl rɪˈmɑrks, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkɔlɪŋ ˈmɛksəkən ˈɪməgrənts ““rapists”*” ənd ““criminals,”*,” ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ə bæn ɔn ˈməzlɪm ˈɪməgrənts, əˈtækɪŋ ə ʤəʤ əv ˈmɛksəkən dɪˈsɛnt, əˈtækɪŋ ðə goʊld stɑr ˈfæməli əv ə ˈməzlɪm ˈsoʊlʤər kɪld æt wɔr ənd seɪɪŋ ˈsɛnətər ʤɑn məˈkeɪn wɑz nɑt ə wɔr ˈhɪroʊ bɪˈkəz hi hæd bɪn ə ˈprɪzənər əv wɔr. haʊs ˈspikər pɔl raɪən ˌdɪˌsɪnˈvaɪtɪd trəmp tɪ ə ˈskɛʤʊld əˈpɪrəns ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ɪn wɪˈskɑnsən. pɛns dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ spik ɪn hɪz pleɪs. ðə lɪst əv rɪˈpəblɪkənz əˈnaʊnsɪŋ ðeɪ wʊd nɑt voʊt fər trəmp ər ˈkɔlɪŋ ɔn ɪm tɪ stɛp əˈsaɪd gru ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ: ˈsɛnətərz ˈkɛli eɪɔt, ˈlisə murkowsi*, dæn ˈsəlɪvən, mɑrk kərk, ʤɛf fleɪk, ʤɑn θun, maɪk ˈkrɑˌpoʊ, ˈʃɛli mʊr kɑˈpitoʊ ənd maɪk li; haʊs ˈmɛmbərz ˈʤeɪsən chaffetz*, ˈmiə ləv, ʤoʊ hɛk, ˈbrædli bərn, ˈmɑrθə ˈroʊbi ənd ˈbɑrbərə ˈkɑmˌstɑk; ənd ˈgəvərnərz ʤɑn ˈkɑsɪʧ, ˈdɛnɪs ənd ˈgɛri ˈhərbərt. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈfɔrmər ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪts mɪt ˈrɑmni ənd ˈkɑrli fiɔˈrinə ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt raɪs kɔld ɔn trəmp tɪ kwɪt. bɪˈheɪvjər ðɪs wik, kənˈkludɪŋ wɪθ ðə dɪˈskloʊʒər əv hɪz dɪˈminɪŋ ˈkɑmɛnts əˈbaʊt ˈwɪmən ənd hɪz boʊsts əˈbaʊt ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlts, meɪk ɪt ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈɔfər ˈivɪn kənˈdɪʃənəl səˈpɔrt fər hɪz candidacy,”*,” məˈkeɪn sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. 9 ˈɪmɪʤɪz) waɪl ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈlɑrʤli rɪˈmeɪnd ˈsaɪlənt, ˈɑptɪŋ tɪ lɛt rɪˈpəblɪkənz əˈtæk wən əv ðɛr oʊn, vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt ʤoʊ ˈbaɪdən roʊt ɔn tˈwɪtər, wərdz ər dɪˈminɪŋ. səʧ bɪˈheɪvjər ɪz ən əˈbjuz əv paʊər. nɑt lud. ˈsɛkʃuəl assault.”*.” səm ˈprɑmənənt rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðeɪ wʊd stɪk wɪθ trəmp. rælf rid, hɛd əv ðə feɪθ ənd ˈfridəm ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən, ənd ˈtoʊni ˈpərkɪnz, hɛd əv ðə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈfæməli ˈrisərʧ ˈkaʊnsəl, sɛd ðeɪ wʊd kənˈtɪnju tɪ səˈpɔrt ɪm. θɪŋk 10 jɪrz əˈgoʊ hi wɑz ə ˈdɪfərənt man,”*,” sɛd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ʤæk ˈkɪŋstən, ə rɪˈpəblɪkən frəm ˈʤɔrʤə. æm ˈvɛri glæd ðət hi kˈwɪkli apologized.”*.”
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(editors note: attention language that may be offensive to some readers in paragraphs 22, 23, 24)
by emily stephenson and ginger gibson
new york/washington (reuters) - with his campaign in crisis, u.s. presidential candidate donald trump vowed on saturday to stay in the race despite calls from more than two dozen prominent republicans for him to drop out following the release of a recording of him making lewd comments about women.
both trump’s wife and his running mate criticized his words, saying they were insulting and indefensible.
“the media and establishment want me out of the race so badly - i will never drop out of the race, will never let my supporters down!” trump wrote on saturday afternoon on the social media website twitter.
the video was the latest calamity for trump, who had hoped to revive his flagging campaign in the face of a recent drop in polls with less than a month until election day.
trump is due to appear alongside democrat hillary clinton on sunday in their second debate in the run-up to the general election. clinton is not expected to address trump’s video before then.
the 2005 video of trump talking on an open microphone showed the then-reality tv star speaking about groping women and trying to seduce a married woman. the video was taped only months after trump married his third wife, melania.
in a statement, melania trump called her husband’s words “unacceptable and offensive to me.”
“this does not represent the man that i know,” she said. “he has the heart and mind of a leader. i hope people will accept his apology, as i have, and focus on the important issues facing our nation and the world.”
the backlash over the video was swift and widespread.
more than 60 prominent republican current and former officeholders issued statements condemning trump’s remarks about women, including house speaker paul ryan and john mccain, the party’s standard bearer in 2008. more than 20 called for trump to end his presidential bid.
in an unusual move, his vice presidential running mate mike pence issued a critical statement of trump’s words, saying on twitter that he “cannot defend them.”
“as a husband and father, i was offended by the words and actions described by donald trump,” said pence, who is governor of indiana.
pence indicated he would continue to support trump, despite calls from several republicans for trump to step aside and let pence be the nominee.
there is no precedent for a major party to replace its nominee this late in the campaign and it was unclear if there was an avenue to force him out. voting has begun in several states, including swing states virginia and north carolina.
a recorded apology by trump early on saturday did not stymie an avalanche of calls from members of his party to quit.
republican presidential nominee donald trump waves to supporters outside the front door of trump tower where he lives in the manhattan borough of new york, u.s., october 8, 2016. reuters/mike segar
trump huddled on saturday in trump tower with senior advisers, including new jersey governor chris christie and former new york city mayor rudy giuliani.
despite previous scheduling, giuliani will appear on five major sunday morning news programs, a rare round robin reserved for major news events - replacing republican chairman reince priebus on cbs’s “face the nation” and campaign manager kellyanne conway on “fox news sunday,” a last-minute switch. no reason was given for the bump of conway. a cbs news release said the rnc asked to replace priebus because trump’s operation wanted “a campaign person” to appear on the program.
trump left the building briefly to greet a small crowd of supporters, saying “100 percent” he would remain in the race. before returning to a bank of elevators, he told reporters, “tremendous support.”
he quickly moved to do damage control in saturday’s video in which he declared himself a changed man and attempted to shift the focus to his opponent clinton and her husband, former president bill clinton. on twitter, trump posted critical statements from juanita broaddrick, a woman who has accused bill clinton of sexually assaulting her.
“anyone who knows me knows these words don’t reflect who i am. i said it, i was wrong, and i apologize,” trump said in his video statement, posted on his facebook page.
comments condemned
trump has struggled to win over women voters, and the video was expected to further feed democratic criticism about his past behavior toward women. trump’s support has suffered among suburban women and white, college-educated women, groups that republicans have traditionally won.
in the recording that triggered the firestorm, trump said of one woman, “i did try and fuck her. she was married.” he went on to discuss his attraction to others.
“i just start kissing them,” he said. “and when you’re a star they let you do it.”
“grab them by the pussy. you can do anything,” trump said.
on saturday afternoon, cnn published a separate report detailing remarks trump made over the course of several years while appearing on howard stern’s radio program.
the remarks included discussing the size of his daughter’s breasts and that he once had sex with three women at the same time. trump was asked if he would have sex with a black woman and responded, “it depends on what your definition of black is.”
the remarks were the last straw for some republicans who have stuck with him through a series of controversial remarks, including calling mexican immigrants “rapists” and “criminals,” calling for a ban on muslim immigrants, attacking a judge of mexican descent, attacking the gold star family of a muslim soldier killed at war and saying senator john mccain was not a war hero because he had been a prisoner of war.
house speaker paul ryan disinvited trump to a scheduled appearance on saturday in wisconsin. pence declined to speak in his place.
the list of republicans announcing they would not vote for trump or calling on him to step aside grew on saturday: senators kelly ayotte, lisa murkowsi, dan sullivan, mark kirk, jeff flake, john thune, mike crapo, shelley moore capito and mike lee; house members jason chaffetz, mia love, joe heck, bradley byrne, martha roby and barbara comstock; and governors john kasich, dennis daugaard and gary herbert.
additionally, former presidential candidates mitt romney and carly fiorina and former secretary of state condoleezza rice called on trump to quit.
“donald trump’s behavior this week, concluding with the disclosure of his demeaning comments about women and his boasts about sexual assaults, make it impossible to continue to offer even conditional support for his candidacy,” mccain said in a statement.
slideshow (9 images)
while democrats largely remained silent, opting to let republicans attack one of their own, vice president joe biden wrote on twitter, “the words are demeaning. such behavior is an abuse of power. it’s not lewd. it’s sexual assault.”
some prominent republicans indicated they would stick with trump. ralph reed, head of the faith and freedom coalition, and tony perkins, head of the conservative family research council, said they would continue to support him.
“i think 10 years ago he was a different man,” said representative jack kingston, a republican from georgia. “i am very glad that he quickly apologized.”
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læst jɪr, ˈblidɪŋ kul ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət braɪən kju ˈmɪlər wɑz tɪ raɪt ˈsizən ˈilɛvən ˈnɑvəlz, kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ðə teɪl əv ðə səkˈsɛsfəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈsɪriz ˈæftər ɪts kənˈkluʒən læst jɪr. wi wər rɔŋ. hi ɪz, ɪn fækt, ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈsizən ˈilɛvən ˈkɑmɪk bʊks. tɪ bi ˈpəblɪʃt ˈdɪʤətəli. ˈwikli. drɔn baɪ pər ˈpɛrɛz. wɪθ ðə ˈʧæptərz kəˈlɛktəd ˈɪntu prɪnt ˈkɑmɪks ˈmənθli. ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈsizən 11 ˈkɑmɪk wɪl bɪˈgɪn frəm ˌdiˈsi ˈkɑmɪks ɔn ˈeɪprəl ðə 13th*, wɪθ ðə fərst ˈprɪnɪd kəˈlɛkʃən ɔn meɪ 16th*, wɪθ klɑrk kɛnt naʊ ɛz ˈsupərˌmæn, ənd ðə kæst əv ˈɑlɪvər sullivan-queen*, kloʊi sullivan-queen*, ðə leɪnz ənd ðə luthors*. ˈgɛri fræŋk əv ˈbætˌmæn ərθ wən dɪz prɪnt ˈkəvərz, kæt stægz dɪz ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkəvərz (bɪˈloʊ) nd…*… ˈbeɪsɪkli ðɪs ɪz ɔl daʊn tɪ ðə səkˈsɛs əv ˈbəfi ðə ˈvæmpaɪr ˈsizən eɪt. ənd ju kən kæʧ əp wɪθ ɔl ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈsizənz ɪn ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən here…*…. əˈbaʊt rɪʧ ˈʤɑnstən ʧif ˈraɪtər ənd ˈfaʊndər əv ˈblidɪŋ kul. ˈfɑðər əv tu. ˈkɑmɪk bʊk klɛrˈvɔɪənt. pəˈlɪtɪkəl kɑrˈtunəst. (læst ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd rɪˈleɪtɪd poʊsts nən faʊnd
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last year, bleeding cool reported that bryan q miller was to write smallville season eleven novels, continuing the tale of the successful tv series after its conclusion last year.
we were wrong.
he is, in fact, writing smallville season eleven comic books. to be published digitally. weekly. drawn by pere perez. with the chapters collected into print comics monthly.
the digital smallville season 11 comic will begin from dc comics on april the 13th, with the first printed collection on may 16th, with clark kent now as superman, and the cast of oliver sullivan-queen, chloe sullivan-queen, the lanes and the luthors.
gary frank of batman earth one does print covers, cat staggs does digital covers (below) nd… basically this is all down to the success of buffy the vampire season eight.
and you can catch up with all the smallville tv seasons in preparation here….
about rich johnston chief writer and founder of bleeding cool. father of two. comic book clairvoyant. political cartoonist.
(last updated )
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(lərn ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt ˈfəŋkʃənz, ˈɑkə ˈfəŋkʃənz) ɪn ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt, ˈfəŋkʃənz ər ˌfərstˈklæs ˈɑbʤɛkts; ðət ɪz, ˈfəŋkʃənz ər əv ðə taɪp ˈɑbʤɛkt ənd ðeɪ kən bi juzd ɪn ə ˌfərstˈklæs ˈmænər laɪk ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈɑbʤɛkt (strɪŋ, əreɪ, ˈnəmbər, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) sɪns ðeɪ ər ɪn fækt ˈɑbʤɛkts ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ðeɪ kən bi ɪn ˈvɛriəbəlz, pæst ɛz ˈɑrgjəmənts tɪ ˈfəŋkʃənz, kriˈeɪtɪd wɪˈθɪn ˈfəŋkʃənz, ənd rɪˈtərnd frəm bɪˈkəz ˈfəŋkʃənz ər ˌfərstˈklæs ˈɑbʤɛkts, wi kən pæs ə ˈfəŋkʃən ɛz ən ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪn əˈnəðər ˈfəŋkʃən ənd ˈleɪtər ˈɛksəˌkjut ðət ˈfəŋkʃən ər ˈivɪn rɪˈtərn ɪt tɪ bi ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd ˈleɪtər. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈɛsəns əv ˈjuzɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃənz ɪn ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt. ɪn ðə rɛst əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wi wɪl lərn ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt ˈfəŋkʃənz. ˈfəŋkʃənz ər ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə moʊst ˈwaɪdli juzd ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ tɛkˈnik ɪn ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt, ənd ju kən faɪnd ðɛm ɪn ʤɪst əˈbaʊt ˈɛvəri pis əv ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt ənd koʊd, jɛt ðeɪ rɪˈmeɪn mɪˈstɪriəs tɪ ˈmɛni ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt dɪˈvɛləpərz. ðə ˈmɪstəri wɪl bi noʊ mɔr, baɪ ðə taɪm ju ˈfɪnɪʃ ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl. ˈfəŋkʃənz ər dəraɪvd frəm ə ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ˈpɛrəˌdaɪm noʊn ɛz ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ. æt ə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈlɛvəl, ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ˈspɛsəˌfaɪz ðə juz əv ˈfəŋkʃənz ɛz ˈɑrgjəmənts. ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ stɪl ɪz, ðoʊ tɪ ə məʧ ˈlɛsər ɪkˈstɛnt ɛz ən ˌɛsəˈtɛrɪk tɛkˈnik əv ˈspɛʃəli treɪnd, ˈmæstər ˈproʊˌgræmərz. ˈfɔrʧənətli, ðə tɛkˈniks əv ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ hæv bɪn ɪˈlusəˌdeɪtəd soʊ ðət mɪr ˈmɔrtəlz laɪk ju ənd mi kən ˌəndərˈstænd ənd juz ðɛm wɪθ iz. wən əv ðə ʧif tɛkˈniks ɪn ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ˈhæpənz tɪ bi ˈfəŋkʃənz. ɛz ju wɪl rɛd ˈʃɔrtli, ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃənz ɪz ɛz ˈizi ɛz ˈpæsɪŋ ˈrɛgjələr ˈvɛriəbəlz ɛz ˈɑrgjəmənts. ðɪs tɛkˈnik ɪz soʊ ˈsɪmpəl ðət aɪ ˈwəndər waɪ ɪt ɪz ˈmoʊstli ˈkəvərd ɪn ədˈvænst ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt ˈtɑpɪks. wət ɪz ə ər ˈfəŋkʃən? ə ˈfəŋkʃən, ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən, ɪz ə ˈfəŋkʃən ðət ɪz pæst tɪ əˈnəðər ˈfəŋkʃən kɔl ðɪs ˈəðər ˈfəŋkʃən ““otherfunction”*”) ɛz ə pərˈæmətər, ənd ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz kɔld (ər ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd) ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə otherfunction*. ə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəli ə ˈpætərn (ən ɪˈstæblɪʃt səˈluʃən tɪ ə ˈkɑmən ˈprɑbləm), ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ðə juz əv ə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ə ˈpætərn. kənˈsɪdər ðɪs ˈkɑmən juz əv ə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn: //noʊt ðət ðə ˈaɪtəm ɪn ðə klɪk pərˈæmətər ɪz ə ˈfəŋkʃən, nɑt ə ˈvɛriəbəl. //ðə ˈaɪtəm ɪz ə ˈfəŋkʃən $("#btn_1").click(function*() 1 klɪkt"); ɛz ju si ɪn ðə priˈsidɪŋ ɪgˈzæmpəl, wi pæs ə ˈfəŋkʃən ɛz ə pərˈæmətər tɪ ðə klɪk ˈmɛθəd. ənd ðə klɪk ˈmɛθəd wɪl kɔl (ər ˈɛksəˌkjut) ðə ˈfəŋkʃən wi pæst tɪ ɪt. ðɪs ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈɪləˌstreɪts ə ˈtɪpɪkəl juz əv ˈfəŋkʃənz ɪn ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt, ənd wən ˈwaɪdli juzd ɪn. ˈrumɪˌneɪt ɔn ðɪs ˈəðər ˈklæsɪk ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ˈfəŋkʃənz ɪn ˈbeɪsɪk ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt: frɛndz ["maɪk", "ˈsteɪsi", "ˈændi", "rɪk"]; (eachname*, ˈɪndɛks){ 1 eachname*); 1 maɪk, 2 ˈsteɪsi, 3 ˈændi, 4 rɪk əˈgɛn, noʊt ðə weɪ wi pæs ən əˈnɑnəməs ˈfəŋkʃən (ə ˈfəŋkʃən wɪˈθaʊt ə neɪm) tɪ ðə ˈmɛθəd ɛz ə pərˈæmətər. soʊ fɑr wi hæv pæst əˈnɑnəməs ˈfəŋkʃənz ɛz ə pərˈæmətər tɪ ˈəðər ˈfəŋkʃənz ər ˈmɛθədz. lɛts naʊ ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ wərk ˌbiˈfɔr wi lʊk æt mɔr ˈkɑnkrit ɪgˈzæmpəlz ənd stɑrt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɑr oʊn ˈfəŋkʃənz. haʊ ˈfəŋkʃənz wərk? wi kən pæs ˈfəŋkʃənz əraʊnd laɪk ˈvɛriəbəlz ənd rɪˈtərn ðɛm ɪn ˈfəŋkʃənz ənd juz ðɛm ɪn ˈəðər ˈfəŋkʃənz. wɪn wi pæs ə ˈfəŋkʃən ɛz ən ˈɑrgjəmənt tɪ əˈnəðər ˈfəŋkʃən, wi ər ˈoʊnli ˈpæsɪŋ ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən. wi ər nɑt ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn ðə pərˈæmətər. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, wi ˈpæsɪŋ ðə ˈfəŋkʃən wɪθ ðə ˈtreɪlɪŋ pɛr əv ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ pərˈɛnθəsɪs laɪk wi du wɪn wi ər ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ ə ˈfəŋkʃən. ənd sɪns ðə kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃən həz ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn ɪts pərˈæmətər ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən, ɪt kən ˈɛksəˌkjut ðə ˈɛniˌtaɪm. noʊt ðət ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz nɑt ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. ɪt ɪz back”*” (hɛns ðə neɪm) æt səm ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd pɔɪnt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈbɑdi. soʊ, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə fərst ɪgˈzæmpəl lʊkt laɪk ðɪs: //ðə əˈnɑnəməs ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz nɑt biɪŋ ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd ðɛr ɪn ðə pərˈæmətər. //ðə ˈaɪtəm ɪz ə ˈfəŋkʃən $("#btn_1").click(function*() 1 klɪkt"); ðə əˈnɑnəməs ˈfəŋkʃən wɪl bi kɔld ˈleɪtər ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ˈbɑdi. ˈivɪn wɪˈθaʊt ə neɪm, ɪt kən stɪl bi ˈækˌsɛst ˈleɪtər ˈviə ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts ˈɑbʤɛkt baɪ ðə kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃən. ˈfəŋkʃənz ər ˈkloʊʒərz wɪn wi pæs ə ˈfəŋkʃən ɛz ən ˈɑrgjəmənt tɪ əˈnəðər ˈfəŋkʃən, ðə ɪz ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd æt səm pɔɪnt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈbɑdi ʤɪst ɛz ɪf ðə wər dɪˈfaɪnd ɪn ðə kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃən. ðɪs minz ðə ɪz ə ˈkloʊʒər. rɛd maɪ poʊst, ˌəndərˈstænd ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt ˈkloʊʒərz wɪθ iz fər mɔr ɔn ˈkloʊʒərz. ɛz wi noʊ, ˈkloʊʒərz hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə kənˈteɪnɪŋ skoʊp, soʊ ðə ˈfəŋkʃən kən ˈækˌsɛs ðə kənˈteɪnɪŋ functions’*’ ˈvɛriəbəlz, ənd ˈivɪn ðə ˈvɛriəbəlz frəm ðə ˈgloʊbəl skoʊp. ˈbeɪsɪk ˈprɪnsəpəlz wɪn ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃənz waɪl ənˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtɪd, ˈfəŋkʃənz hæv ə fju ˈnoʊtˌwərði ˈprɪnsəpəlz wi ʃʊd bi fəˈmɪljər wɪθ wɪn ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ðɛm. juz neɪmd ər əˈnɑnəməs ˈfəŋkʃənz ɛz ɪn ðə ˈərliər ənd ɪgˈzæmpəlz, wi juzd əˈnɑnəməs ˈfəŋkʃənz ðət wər dɪˈfaɪnd ɪn ðə pərˈæmətər əv ðə kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃən. ðət ɪz wən əv ðə ˈkɑmən ˈpætərnz fər ˈjuzɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃənz. əˈnəðər ˈpɑpjələr ˈpætərn ɪz tɪ dɪˈklɛr ə neɪmd ˈfəŋkʃən ənd pæs ðə neɪm əv ðət ˈfəŋkʃən tɪ ðə pərˈæmətər. kənˈsɪdər ðɪs: ˈgloʊbəl ˈvɛriəbəl ʤəˈnɛrɪk ˈfəŋkʃən ðət prɪnts tɪ ˈkɑnsoʊl ˈfəŋkʃən (userdata*) ɪf "strɪŋ") console.log(userdata*); ɛls ɪf "ˈɑbʤɛkt") fər ˈaɪtəm ɪn) userdata[item*]); ə ˈfəŋkʃən ðət teɪks tu pərˈæmətərz, ðə læst wən ə ˈfəŋkʃən ˈfəŋkʃən (ˈɔpʃənz,) (ˈɔpʃənz); (ˈɔpʃənz); wɪn wi kɔl ðə ˈfəŋkʃən, wi pæs ɛz ə pərˈæmətər. soʊ wɪl bi ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ðət wɪl kɔld bæk (ər ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd) ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ({name:"rich*", speciality:"javascript*"},); neɪm: rɪʧ ˌspɛʃiˈælɪti: ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt pæs pərˈæmətərz tɪ ˈfəŋkʃənz sɪns ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz ʤɪst ə ˈnɔrməl ˈfəŋkʃən wɪn ɪt ɪz ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd, wi kən pæs pərˈæmətərz tɪ ɪt. wi kən pæs ˈɛni əv ðə kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈprɑpərtiz (ər ˈgloʊbəl ˈprɑpərtiz) ɛz pərˈæmətərz tɪ ðə ˈfəŋkʃən. ɪn ðə priˈsidɪŋ ɪgˈzæmpəl, wi pæs ˈɔpʃənz ɛz ə pərˈæmətər tɪ ðə ˈfəŋkʃən. pæs ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈvɛriəbəl ənd ə ˈloʊkəl ˈvɛriəbəl: //ˈgloʊbəl ˈvɛriəbəl "ˈklɪntən"; ˈfəŋkʃən (ˈɔpʃənz,) (ˈɔpʃənz); pæs ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈvɛriəbəl tɪ ðə ˈfəŋkʃən (generallastname*, ˈɔpʃənz); meɪk ʃʊr ɪz ə ˈfəŋkʃən ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ ɪt ɪt ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz waɪz tɪ ʧɛk ðət ðə ˈfəŋkʃən pæst ɪn ðə pərˈæmətər ɪz ˌɪnˈdid ə ˈfəŋkʃən ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkɔlɪŋ ɪt. ˈɔlsoʊ, ɪt ɪz gʊd ˈpræktɪs tɪ meɪk ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ˈɔpʃənəl. ðə ˈfəŋkʃən frəm ðə ˈpriviəs ɪgˈzæmpəl tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðiz ʧɛks ər ɪn pleɪs. ˈfəŋkʃən getinput(options*,) alluserdata.push(options*); meɪk ʃʊr ðə ɪz ə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪf "ˈfəŋkʃən") kɔl ɪt, sɪns wi hæv kənˈfərmd ɪt ɪz ˈkɔləbəl callback(options*); wɪˈθaʊt ðə ʧɛk ɪn pleɪs, ɪf ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz kɔld ˈiðər wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɛz ə pərˈæmətər ər ɪn pleɪs əv ə ˈfəŋkʃən ə ɪz pæst, ɑr koʊd wɪl rɪˈzəlt ɪn ə ˈɛrər. ˈprɑbləm wɪn ˈjuzɪŋ ˈmɛθədz wɪθ ðə ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt ɛz wɪn ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz ə ˈmɛθəd ðət ˈjuzɪz ðə ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt, wi hæv tɪ ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ haʊ wi ˈɛksəˌkjut ðə ˈfəŋkʃən tɪ prɪˈzərv ðə ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈkɑntɛkst. ər ɛls ðə ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt wɪl ˈiðər pɔɪnt tɪ ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɪndoʊ ˈɑbʤɛkt (ɪn ðə ˈbraʊzər), ɪf wɑz pæst tɪ ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈfəŋkʃən. ər ɪt wɪl pɔɪnt tɪ ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt əv ðə kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈmɛθəd. ɪkˈsplɔr ðɪs ɪn koʊd: dɪˈfaɪn ən ˈɑbʤɛkt wɪθ səm ˈprɑpərtiz ənd ə ˈmɛθəd wi wɪl ˈleɪtər pæs ðə ˈmɛθəd ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən tɪ əˈnəðər ˈfəŋkʃən ˈaɪˈdi: 094545: "nɑt sɛt", ɪz ə ˈmɛθəd ɔn ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt: ˈfəŋkʃən (firstname*, lastname*) ðɪs rɪˈfərz tɪ ðə ˈprɑpərti ɪn ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt lastname*; ˈfəŋkʃən getuserinput(firstname*, lastname*,) du ˈəðər stəf tɪ ˈvælədeɪt hir naʊ seɪv ðə neɪmz (firstname*, lastname*); ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ koʊd ɪgˈzæmpəl, wɪn ɪz ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd, wɪl nɑt sɛt ðə ˈprɑpərti ɔn ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ɪt wɪl sɛt ɔn ðə ˈwɪndoʊ ˈɑbʤɛkt, sɪns ɪz ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈfəŋkʃən. ðɪs ˈhæpənz bɪˈkəz ðə ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪn ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈfəŋkʃən pɔɪnts tɪ ðə ˈwɪndoʊ ˈɑbʤɛkt. ("ˈbɑrək", "ˌoʊˈbɑmə",); (clientdata.fullname*);// nɑt sɛt ðə ˈprɑpərti wɑz ˌɪˈnɪʃəˌlaɪzd ɔn ðə ˈwɪndoʊ ˈɑbʤɛkt (window.fullname*); ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə juz ðə kɔl ər əˈplaɪ ˈfəŋkʃən tɪ prɪˈzərv ðɪs wi kən fɪks ðə priˈsidɪŋ ˈprɑbləm baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ðə kɔl ər əˈplaɪ ˈfəŋkʃən (wi wɪl dɪˈskəs ðiz ɪn ə fʊl blɔg poʊst ˈleɪtər). fər naʊ, noʊ ðət ˈɛvəri ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt həz tu ˈmɛθədz: kɔl ənd əˈplaɪ. ənd ðiz ˈmɛθədz ər juzd tɪ sɛt ðə ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ənd tɪ pæs ˈɑrgjəmənts tɪ ðə ˈfəŋkʃənz. kɔl teɪks ðə ˈvælju tɪ bi juzd ɛz ðə ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɛz ðə fərst pərˈæmətər, ənd ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈɑrgjəmənts tɪ bi pæst tɪ ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ər pæst ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli (ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ˈkɑməz əv kɔrs). ðə əˈplaɪ fərst pərˈæmətər ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈvælju tɪ bi juzd ɛz ðə ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈfəŋkʃən, waɪl ðə læst pərˈæmətər ɪz ən əreɪ əv ˈvæljuz (ər ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts ˈɑbʤɛkt) tɪ pæs tɪ ðə ˈfəŋkʃən. ðɪs saʊnz ˈkɑmplɛks, bət lɛts si haʊ ˈizi ɪt ɪz tɪ juz əˈplaɪ ər kɔl. tɪ fɪks ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪn ðə ˈpriviəs ɪgˈzæmpəl, wi wɪl juz ðə əˈplaɪ ˈfəŋkʃən ðəs: //noʊt ðət wi hæv ˈædɪd ən ˈɛkstrə pərˈæmətər fər ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt, kɔld "callbackobj*" ˈfəŋkʃən getuserinput(firstname*, lastname*,,) du ˈəðər stəf tɪ ˈvælədeɪt neɪm hir ðə juz əv ðə əˈplaɪ ˈfəŋkʃən bɪˈloʊ wɪl sɛt ðə ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt tɪ bi (callbackobj*, [firstname*, lastname*]); wɪθ ðə əˈplaɪ ˈfəŋkʃən ˈsɛtɪŋ ðə ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt kərˈɛktli, wi kən naʊ kərˈɛktli ˈɛksəˌkjut ðə ənd hæv ɪt sɛt ðə ˈprɑpərti kərˈɛktli ɔn ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt: wi pæs ðə ˈmɛθəd ənd ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt ɛz pərˈæmətərz. ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt wɪl bi juzd baɪ ðə əˈplaɪ ˈfəŋkʃən tɪ sɛt ðə ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt ("ˈbɑrək", "ˌoʊˈbɑmə",,); ðə ˈprɑpərti ɔn ðə wɑz kərˈɛktli sɛt (clientdata.fullname*); ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə wi wʊd hæv ˈɔlsoʊ juzd ðə kɔl ˈfəŋkʃən, bət ɪn ðɪs keɪs wi juzd ðə əˈplaɪ ˈfəŋkʃən. ˈməltəpəl ˈfəŋkʃənz əˈlaʊd wi kən pæs mɔr ðən wən ˈfəŋkʃənz ˈɪntu ðə pərˈæmətər əv ə ˈfəŋkʃən, ʤɪst laɪk wi kən pæs mɔr ðən wən ˈvɛriəbəl. hir ɪz ə ˈklæsɪk ɪgˈzæmpəl wɪθ ˈeɪˌʤæks ˈfəŋkʃən: ˈfəŋkʃən successcallback*() du stəf ˌbiˈfɔr sɛnd ˈfəŋkʃən successcallback*() du stəf ɪf səkˈsɛs ˈmɛsɪʤ rɪˈsivd ˈfəŋkʃən completecallback*() du stəf əˈpɑn kəmˈpliʃən ˈfəŋkʃən errorcallback*() du stəf ɪf ˈɛrər rɪˈsivd $.ˈeɪˌʤæks({ url:"http://fiddle.jshell.net/favicon.png*", success:successcallback*, complete:completecallback*, hell”*” ˈprɑbləm ənd səˈluʃən ɪn ˈeɪˈsɪŋkrənəs koʊd ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən, wɪʧ ɪz ˈsɪmpli ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən əv koʊd ɪn ˈɛni ˈɔrdər, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ɪt ɪz ˈkɑmən tɪ hæv ˈnumərəs ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈfəŋkʃənz tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ju hæv koʊd ðət lʊks laɪk ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ. ðə ˈmɛsi koʊd bɪˈloʊ ɪz kɔld hɛl bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti əv ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə koʊd du tɪ ðə ˈmɛni. aɪ tʊk ðɪs ɪgˈzæmpəl frəm ðə node-mongodb-native*, ə ˈdraɪvər fər node.js*. 2 ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl koʊd bɪˈloʊ ɪz ʤɪst fər ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃən: nu nu 27017 {'pk':custompkfactory*}); p_client.open(function(err*,) p_client.dropdatabase(function(err*, dən) p_client.createcollection('test_custom_key*', function(err*, kəˈlɛkʃən) function(err*, dɑks) objectid("aaaaaaaaaaaa*")}, function(err*, ˈkərsər) cursor.toarray(function(err*, ˈaɪtəmz) items.length*); lɛts kloʊz ðə p_client.close*(); ju ər nɑt ˈlaɪkli tɪ ɪnˈkaʊnər ðɪs ˈprɑbləm ˈɔfən ɪn jʊr koʊd, bət wɪn ju ju wɪl frəm taɪm tɪ ər tu səˈluʃənz tɪ ðɪs ˈprɑbləm. 3 neɪm jʊr ˈfəŋkʃənz ənd dɪˈklɛr ðɛm ənd pæs ʤɪst ðə neɪm əv ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɛz ðə, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ən əˈnɑnəməs ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn ðə pərˈæmətər əv ðə meɪn ˈfəŋkʃən. modularity*: ˈsɛpərˌeɪt jʊr koʊd ˈɪntu ˈmɑʤulz, soʊ ju kən ˈɛkspɔrt ə ˈsɛkʃən əv koʊd ðət dɪz ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ʤɑb. ðɛn ju kən ˌɪmˈpɔrt ðət ˈmɑʤul ˈɪntu jʊr ˈlɑrʤər ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. meɪk jʊr oʊn ˈfəŋkʃənz naʊ ðət ju kəmˈplitli (aɪ θɪŋk ju du; ɪf nɑt ɪt ɪz ə kwɪk ˈriˈrid ˌəndərˈstænd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt ˈfəŋkʃənz ənd ju hæv sin ðət ˈjuzɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃənz ər ˈrəðər ˈsɪmpəl jɛt ˈpaʊərfəl, ju ʃʊd lʊk æt jʊr oʊn koʊd fər ˌɑpərˈtunətiz tɪ juz ˈfəŋkʃənz, fər ðeɪ wɪl əˈlaʊ ju tɪ: du nɑt rɪˈpit koʊd nɑt rɪˈpit ˈjɔrsɛlf) ˈɪmpləmənt ˈbɛtər æbˈstrækʃən wɛr ju kən hæv mɔr ʤəˈnɛrɪk ˈfəŋkʃənz ðət ər ˈvərsətəl (kən ˈhændəl ɔl sɔrts əv) hæv ˈbɛtər hæv mɔr ˈridəbəl koʊd hæv mɔr ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ˈfəŋkʃənz. ɪt ɪz ˈrəðər ˈizi tɪ meɪk jʊr oʊn ˈfəŋkʃənz. ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪgˈzæmpəl, aɪ kʊd hæv kriˈeɪtɪd wən ˈfəŋkʃən tɪ du ɔl ðə wərk: rɪˈtriv ðə ˈjuzər ˈdætə, kriˈeɪt ə ʤəˈnɛrɪk poʊəm wɪθ ðə ˈdætə, ənd grit ðə ˈjuzər. ðɪs wʊd hæv bɪn ə ˈmɛsi ˈfəŋkʃən wɪθ məʧ ˈsteɪtmənts ənd, ˈivɪn stɪl, ɪt wʊd hæv bɪn ˈvɛri ˈlɪmɪtɪd ənd ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈkɛriɪŋ aʊt ˈəðər ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən maɪt nid wɪθ ðə ˈjuzər ˈdætə. ˌɪnˈstɛd, aɪ lɛft ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən fər ˈædɪd ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti əp tɪ ðə ˈfəŋkʃənz, soʊ ðət ðə meɪn ˈfəŋkʃən ðət rɪˈtrivz ðə ˈjuzər ˈdætə kən pərˈfɔrm ˈvərʧuəli ˈɛni tæsk wɪθ ðə ˈjuzər ˈdætə baɪ ˈsɪmpli ˈpæsɪŋ ðə fʊl neɪm ənd ˈʤɛndər ɛz pərˈæmətərz tɪ ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ənd ðɛn ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ ðə ˈfəŋkʃən. ɪn ʃɔrt, ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz ˈvərsətəl: ɪt kən ˈɛksəˌkjut ɔl sɔrts əv ˈfəŋkʃənz wɪθ ˈmɪriəd əv. fərst, ˈsɛˌtəp ðə ʤəˈnɛrɪk poʊəm kriˈeɪtər ˈfəŋkʃən; ɪt wɪl bi ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn ðə ˈfəŋkʃən bɪˈloʊ. ˈfəŋkʃən genericpoemmaker(name*, ˈʤɛndər) ɪz ˈfaɪnər ðən faɪn waɪn."); ənd ˈnoʊbəl fər ðə ˈmɑdərn taɪm."); ˈædmərəbli əˈdɔrnd wɪθ ðə ˈleɪtəst staɪl."); ˈʤɛndər əv ənˈfɔrʧənət ˈtræʤədiz hu stɪl ˈmænɪʤɪz ə pərˈpɛʧuəl smaɪl"); //ðə, wɪʧ ɪz ðə læst ˈaɪtəm ɪn ðə pərˈæmətər, wɪl bi ɑr ˈfəŋkʃən wi dɪˈfaɪnd əˈbəv. ˈfəŋkʃən getuserinput(firstname*, lastname*, ˈʤɛndər,) lastname*; meɪk ʃʊr ðə ɪz ə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪf "ˈfəŋkʃən") ˈɛksəˌkjut ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ənd pæs ðə pərˈæmətərz tɪ ɪt callback(fullname*, ˈʤɛndər); kɔl ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ənd pæs ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɛz ə: getuserinput("michael*", "ˈfæsˌbɛndər", "mæn",); ˈaʊtˌpʊt ˈmaɪkəl ˈfæsˌbɛndər ɪz ˈfaɪnər ðən faɪn waɪn. ˌɔltruˈɪstɪk ənd ˈnoʊbəl fər ðə ˈmɑdərn taɪm. ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈædmərəbli əˈdɔrnd wɪθ ðə ˈleɪtəst staɪl. ə mæn əv ənˈfɔrʧənət ˈtræʤədiz hu stɪl ˈmænɪʤɪz ə pərˈpɛʧuəl smaɪl. bɪˈkəz ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz ˈoʊnli ˈhændəlɪŋ ðə riˈtrivɪŋ əv ˈdætə, wi kən pæs ˈɛni tɪ ɪt. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wi kən pæs ə ˈfəŋkʃən laɪk ðɪs: ˈfəŋkʃən greetuser(customername*, sɛks) sɛks sɛks "mæn" "ˈmɪstər." "mɪz."; console.log("hello*, customername*); pæs ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɛz ə tɪ getuserinput("bill*", "geɪts", "mæn",); ənd ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt hɛˈloʊ, ˈmɪstər. bɪl geɪts wi kɔld ðə seɪm ˈfəŋkʃən ɛz wi dɪd ˌbiˈfɔr, bət ðɪs taɪm ɪt pərˈfɔrmd ə kəmˈplitli ˈdɪfərənt tæsk. ɛz ju si, ˈfəŋkʃənz əˈfɔrd məʧ ˌvərsəˈtɪləti. ənd ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə priˈsidɪŋ ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪz ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈsɪmpəl, ˌɪˈmæʤən haʊ məʧ wərk ju kən seɪv ˈjɔrsɛlf ənd haʊ wɛl ˈæbˌstræktɪd jʊr koʊd wɪl bi ɪf ju stɑrt ˈjuzɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃənz. goʊ fər ɪt. du ɪt ɪn ðə monings*; du ɪt ɪn ðə ˈivnɪŋz; du ɪt wɪn ju ər daʊn; du ɪt wɪn ju ər keɪ noʊt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ weɪz wi ˈfrikwɛntli juz ˈfəŋkʃənz ɪn ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ˈmɑdərn wɛb ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ɪn ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz, ənd ɪn ˈfreɪmˌwərks: fər ˈeɪˈsɪŋkrənəs ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən (səʧ ɛz ˈrɛdɪŋ faɪlz, ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ rɪkˈwɛsts) ɪn ɪˈvɛnt ɪn ənd ˈmɛθədz fər ˌʤɛnərəlɪˈzeɪʃən: koʊd ˈfaɪnəl wərdz ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt ˈfəŋkʃənz ər ˈwəndərfəl ənd ˈpaʊərfəl tɪ juz ənd ðeɪ prəˈvaɪd greɪt ˈbɛnəfɪts tɪ jʊr wɛb ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ənd koʊd. ju ʃʊd juz ðɛm wɪn ðə nid ərˈaɪzɪz; lʊk fər weɪz tɪ jʊr koʊd fər æbˈstrækʃən,, ənd ˌridəˈbɪlɪti wɪθ ˈfəŋkʃənz. si ju nɛkst taɪm, ənd rɪˈmɛmbər tɪ kip ˈkəmɪŋ bæk bɪˈkəz həz məʧ tɪ tiʧ ju ənd ju hæv məʧ tɪ lərn. noʊts
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(learn javascript higher-order functions, aka callback functions)
in javascript, functions are first-class objects; that is, functions are of the type object and they can be used in a first-class manner like any other object (string, array, number, etc.) since they are in fact objects themselves. they can be “stored in variables, passed as arguments to functions, created within functions, and returned from functions”1.
because functions are first-class objects, we can pass a function as an argument in another function and later execute that passed-in function or even return it to be executed later. this is the essence of using callback functions in javascript. in the rest of this article we will learn everything about javascript callback functions. callback functions are probably the most widely used functional programming technique in javascript, and you can find them in just about every piece of javascript and jquery code, yet they remain mysterious to many javascript developers. the mystery will be no more, by the time you finish reading this article.
callback functions are derived from a programming paradigm known as functional programming. at a fundamental level, functional programming specifies the use of functions as arguments. functional programming was—and still is, though to a much lesser extent today—seen as an esoteric technique of specially trained, master programmers.
fortunately, the techniques of functional programming have been elucidated so that mere mortals like you and me can understand and use them with ease. one of the chief techniques in functional programming happens to be callback functions. as you will read shortly, implementing callback functions is as easy as passing regular variables as arguments. this technique is so simple that i wonder why it is mostly covered in advanced javascript topics.
what is a callback or higher-order function?
a callback function, also known as a higher-order function, is a function that is passed to another function (let’s call this other function “otherfunction”) as a parameter, and the callback function is called (or executed) inside the otherfunction. a callback function is essentially a pattern (an established solution to a common problem), and therefore, the use of a callback function is also known as a callback pattern.
consider this common use of a callback function in jquery:
//note that the item in the click method's parameter is a function, not a variable. //the item is a callback function $("#btn_1").click(function() { alert("btn 1 clicked"); });
as you see in the preceding example, we pass a function as a parameter to the click method. and the click method will call (or execute) the callback function we passed to it. this example illustrates a typical use of callback functions in javascript, and one widely used in jquery.
ruminate on this other classic example of callback functions in basic javascript:
var friends = ["mike", "stacy", "andy", "rick"]; friends.foreach(function (eachname, index){ console.log(index + 1 + ". " + eachname); // 1. mike, 2. stacy, 3. andy, 4. rick });
again, note the way we pass an anonymous function (a function without a name) to the foreach method as a parameter.
so far we have passed anonymous functions as a parameter to other functions or methods. lets now understand how callbacks work before we look at more concrete examples and start making our own callback functions.
how callback functions work?
we can pass functions around like variables and return them in functions and use them in other functions. when we pass a callback function as an argument to another function, we are only passing the function definition. we are not executing the function in the parameter. in other words, we aren’t passing the function with the trailing pair of executing parenthesis () like we do when we are executing a function.
and since the containing function has the callback function in its parameter as a function definition, it can execute the callback anytime.
note that the callback function is not executed immediately. it is “called back” (hence the name) at some specified point inside the containing function’s body. so, even though the first jquery example looked like this:
//the anonymous function is not being executed there in the parameter. //the item is a callback function $("#btn_1").click(function() { alert("btn 1 clicked"); });
the anonymous function will be called later inside the function body. even without a name, it can still be accessed later via the arguments object by the containing function.
callback functions are closures
when we pass a callback function as an argument to another function, the callback is executed at some point inside the containing function’s body just as if the callback were defined in the containing function. this means the callback is a closure. read my post, understand javascript closures with ease for more on closures. as we know, closures have access to the containing function’s scope, so the callback function can access the containing functions’ variables, and even the variables from the global scope.
basic principles when implementing callback functions
while uncomplicated, callback functions have a few noteworthy principles we should be familiar with when implementing them.
use named or anonymous functions as callbacks
in the earlier jquery and foreach examples, we used anonymous functions that were defined in the parameter of the containing function. that is one of the common patterns for using callback functions. another popular pattern is to declare a named function and pass the name of that function to the parameter. consider this:
// global variable var alluserdata = []; // generic logstuff function that prints to console function logstuff (userdata) { if ( typeof userdata === "string") { console.log(userdata); } else if ( typeof userdata === "object") { for (var item in userdata) { console.log(item + ": " + userdata[item]); } } } // a function that takes two parameters, the last one a callback function function getinput (options, callback) { alluserdata.push (options); callback (options); } // when we call the getinput function, we pass logstuff as a parameter. // so logstuff will be the function that will called back (or executed) inside the getinput function getinput ({name:"rich", speciality:"javascript"}, logstuff); // name: rich // speciality: javascript
pass parameters to callback functions
since the callback function is just a normal function when it is executed, we can pass parameters to it. we can pass any of the containing function’s properties (or global properties) as parameters to the callback function. in the preceding example, we pass options as a parameter to the callback function. let’s pass a global variable and a local variable:
//global variable var generallastname = "clinton"; function getinput (options, callback) { alluserdata.push (options); // pass the global variable generallastname to the callback function callback (generallastname, options); }
make sure callback is a function before executing it
it is always wise to check that the callback function passed in the parameter is indeed a function before calling it. also, it is good practice to make the callback function optional.
let’s refactor the getinput function from the previous example to ensure these checks are in place.
function getinput(options, callback) { alluserdata.push(options); // make sure the callback is a function if (typeof callback === "function") { // call it, since we have confirmed it is callable callback(options); } }
without the check in place, if the getinput function is called either without the callback function as a parameter or in place of a function a non-function is passed, our code will result in a runtime error.
problem when using methods with the this object as callbacks
when the callback function is a method that uses the this object, we have to modify how we execute the callback function to preserve the this object context. or else the this object will either point to the global window object (in the browser), if callback was passed to a global function. or it will point to the object of the containing method.
let’s explore this in code:
// define an object with some properties and a method // we will later pass the method as a callback function to another function var clientdata = { id: 094545, fullname: "not set", // setusername is a method on the clientdata object setusername: function (firstname, lastname) { // this refers to the fullname property in this object this.fullname = firstname + " " + lastname; } } function getuserinput(firstname, lastname, callback) { // do other stuff to validate firstname/lastname here // now save the names callback (firstname, lastname); }
in the following code example, when clientdata.setusername is executed, this.fullname will not set the fullname property on the clientdata object. instead, it will set fullname on the window object, since getuserinput is a global function. this happens because the this object in the global function points to the window object.
getuserinput ("barack", "obama", clientdata.setusername); console.log (clientdata.fullname);// not set // the fullname property was initialized on the window object console.log (window.fullname); // barack obama
use the call or apply function to preserve this
we can fix the preceding problem by using the call or apply function (we will discuss these in a full blog post later). for now, know that every function in javascript has two methods: call and apply. and these methods are used to set the this object inside the function and to pass arguments to the functions.
call takes the value to be used as the this object inside the function as the first parameter, and the remaining arguments to be passed to the function are passed individually (separated by commas of course). the apply function’s first parameter is also the value to be used as the this object inside the function, while the last parameter is an array of values (or the arguments object) to pass to the function.
this sounds complex, but lets see how easy it is to use apply or call. to fix the problem in the previous example, we will use the apply function thus:
//note that we have added an extra parameter for the callback object, called "callbackobj" function getuserinput(firstname, lastname, callback, callbackobj) { // do other stuff to validate name here // the use of the apply function below will set the this object to be callbackobj callback.apply (callbackobj, [firstname, lastname]); }
with the apply function setting the this object correctly, we can now correctly execute the callback and have it set the fullname property correctly on the clientdata object:
// we pass the clientdata.setusername method and the clientdata object as parameters. the clientdata object will be used by the apply function to set the this object getuserinput ("barack", "obama", clientdata.setusername, clientdata); // the fullname property on the clientdata was correctly set console.log (clientdata.fullname); // barack obama
we would have also used the call function, but in this case we used the apply function.
multiple callback functions allowed
we can pass more than one callback functions into the parameter of a function, just like we can pass more than one variable. here is a classic example with jquery’s ajax function:
function successcallback() { // do stuff before send } function successcallback() { // do stuff if success message received } function completecallback() { // do stuff upon completion } function errorcallback() { // do stuff if error received } $.ajax({ url:"http://fiddle.jshell.net/favicon.png", success:successcallback, complete:completecallback, error:errorcallback });
“callback hell” problem and solution
in asynchronous code execution, which is simply execution of code in any order, sometimes it is common to have numerous levels of callback functions to the extent that you have code that looks like the following. the messy code below is called callback hell because of the difficulty of following the code due to the many callbacks. i took this example from the node-mongodb-native, a mongodb driver for node.js. [2]. the example code below is just for demonstration:
var p_client = new db('integration_tests_20', new server("127.0.0.1", 27017, {}), {'pk':custompkfactory}); p_client.open(function(err, p_client) { p_client.dropdatabase(function(err, done) { p_client.createcollection('test_custom_key', function(err, collection) { collection.insert({'a':1}, function(err, docs) { collection.find({'_id':new objectid("aaaaaaaaaaaa")}, function(err, cursor) { cursor.toarray(function(err, items) { test.assertequals(1, items.length); // let's close the db p_client.close(); }); }); }); }); }); });
you are not likely to encounter this problem often in your code, but when you do—and you will from time to time—here are two solutions to this problem. [3]
name your functions and declare them and pass just the name of the function as the callback, instead of defining an anonymous function in the parameter of the main function. modularity: separate your code into modules, so you can export a section of code that does a particular job. then you can import that module into your larger application.
make your own callback functions
now that you completely (i think you do; if not it is a quick reread :)) understand everything about javascript callback functions and you have seen that using callback functions are rather simple yet powerful, you should look at your own code for opportunities to use callback functions, for they will allow you to:
do not repeat code (dry—do not repeat yourself)
implement better abstraction where you can have more generic functions that are versatile (can handle all sorts of functionalities)
have better maintainability
have more readable code
have more specialized functions.
it is rather easy to make your own callback functions. in the following example, i could have created one function to do all the work: retrieve the user data, create a generic poem with the data, and greet the user. this would have been a messy function with much if/else statements and, even still, it would have been very limited and incapable of carrying out other functionalities the application might need with the user data.
instead, i left the implementation for added functionality up to the callback functions, so that the main function that retrieves the user data can perform virtually any task with the user data by simply passing the user’s full name and gender as parameters to the callback function and then executing the callback function.
in short, the getuserinput function is versatile: it can execute all sorts of callback functions with myriad of functionalities.
// first, setup the generic poem creator function; it will be the callback function in the getuserinput function below. function genericpoemmaker(name, gender) { console.log(name + " is finer than fine wine."); console.log("altruistic and noble for the modern time."); console.log("always admirably adorned with the latest style."); console.log("a " + gender + " of unfortunate tragedies who still manages a perpetual smile"); } //the callback, which is the last item in the parameter, will be our genericpoemmaker function we defined above. function getuserinput(firstname, lastname, gender, callback) { var fullname = firstname + " " + lastname; // make sure the callback is a function if (typeof callback === "function") { // execute the callback function and pass the parameters to it callback(fullname, gender); } }
call the getuserinput function and pass the genericpoemmaker function as a callback:
getuserinput("michael", "fassbender", "man", genericpoemmaker); // output /* michael fassbender is finer than fine wine. altruistic and noble for the modern time. always admirably adorned with the latest style. a man of unfortunate tragedies who still manages a perpetual smile. */
because the getuserinput function is only handling the retrieving of data, we can pass any callback to it. for example, we can pass a greetuser function like this:
function greetuser(customername, sex) { var salutation = sex && sex === "man" ? "mr." : "ms."; console.log("hello, " + salutation + " " + customername); } // pass the greetuser function as a callback to getuserinput getuserinput("bill", "gates", "man", greetuser); // and this is the output hello, mr. bill gates
we called the same getuserinput function as we did before, but this time it performed a completely different task.
as you see, callback functions afford much versatility. and even though the preceding example is relatively simple, imagine how much work you can save yourself and how well abstracted your code will be if you start using callback functions. go for it. do it in the monings; do it in the evenings; do it when you are down; do it when you are k
note the following ways we frequently use callback functions in javascript, especially in modern web application development, in libraries, and in frameworks:
for asynchronous execution (such as reading files, and making http requests)
in event listeners/handlers
in settimeout and setinterval methods
for generalization: code conciseness
final words
javascript callback functions are wonderful and powerful to use and they provide great benefits to your web applications and code. you should use them when the need arises; look for ways to refactor your code for abstraction, maintainability, and readability with callback functions.
see you next time, and remember to keep coming back because javascriptissexy.com has much to teach you and you have much to learn.
notes
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ˈeɪprəl 26 2013 ˈluiˌvɪl, ky*. maɪk hu sərvd ɛz ən əˈsɪstənt koʊʧ æt ˈflɔrɪdə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌjunəˈvərsəti læst ˈsizən, həz ʤɔɪnd ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈluiˌvɪl mɛnz ˈbæskətˌbɔl stæf ɪn ə ˈsɪmələr kəˈpæsɪti ɛz əˈnaʊnst ˈfraɪˌdeɪ baɪ hɛd koʊʧ rɪk pəˈtinoʊ. (prəˈnaʊnst bah-law-doe*) hɛlpt tɪ kˈwɪkli əˈʧiv səkˈsɛs ˈoʊvər ðə pæst jɪr wɪn ðə ˈpænθərz prəˈdust ðɛr fərst ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈsizən ɪn 13 jɪrz, ðə wɪn ˈtoʊtəl ɪn skul ˈhɪstəri ənd ðə moʊst sən bɛst ˈkɑnfərəns ˈvɪktəriz 11 sɪns ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðə lig ɪn hi wɑz ən əˈsɪstənt ˈəndər ˈrɪʧərd pəˈtinoʊ, ðə sən əv hɛd koʊʧ rɪk pəˈtinoʊ hu ɪz naʊ ðə hɛd koʊʧ æt ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə. "maɪk brɪŋz ə wɛlθ əv ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn boʊθ ðə rɪˈkrutɪŋ wərld ənd ɪn ˈkoʊʧɪŋ," sɛd pəˈtinoʊ. "ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfæktər ɪn ˈædɪŋ ɪm tɪ ɑr stæf wɑz hɪz ˈnɑlɪʤ əv wət wi du dɪˈfɛnsɪvli ənd ɪn ˈskaʊtɪŋ, ˈæftər ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ˈrɪʧərd (pəˈtinoʊ) fər ə jɪr. ɪt ʃʊd nɑt teɪk ə greɪt dil əv taɪm ɪn ɪm tɪ ɑr ˈproʊˌgræm. hiz ə ˈtaɪərləs ˈwərkər ənd hi ʃʊd fɪt laɪk ə gləv. hi ˈɔlsoʊ brɪŋz əˈnəðər ˈfæsət tɪ ɑr rɪˈkrutɪŋ ˈɛfərts, ɛz hi spiks fluənt ˈspænɪʃ ənd həz kəˈnɛkʃənz θruaʊt ˈlætən əˈmɛrɪkə." "aɪ æm ɪkˈsaɪtɪd ənd ˈɑnərd tɪ hæv ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ wərk fər koʊʧ pəˈtinoʊ ənd ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈluiˌvɪl," sɛd. "ˈgɪvɪn ðə ʧæns tɪ lərn frəm ˈɑrgjuəbli ðə bɛst koʊʧ, ˈmɛnˌtɔr, ənd ˈpərsən ɪn ðə geɪm əv ˈbæskətˌbɔl ɪz ˈtruli ə ˈblɛsɪŋ." praɪər tɪ hɪz jɪr æt, wərkt θri ˈsizənz æt haɪ pɔɪnt ˌjunəˈvərsəti wɛr hi əˈsɪstɪd ɪn ɔl ˈɛriəz əv ðə ˈpænθər ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˈproʊˌgræm wɪθ ə ˈhɛvi ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən ɔn rɪˈkrutɪŋ. hi spɛnt ðə ˈsizən ɔn ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv maɪˈæmi (fla*.) ˈbæskətˌbɔl stæf wɛr hi hɛlpt ðə ˈhərəˌkeɪnz kəmˈpaɪl ə ˈrɛkərd ənd ə bərθ ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən ˈtʊrnəmənt (nɪt) waɪl ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn pleɪər dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ˈskaʊtɪŋ ənd geɪm ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən. praɪər tɪ ˈkoʊʧɪŋ æt maɪˈæmi, spɛnt θri jɪrz ɔn ðə ˈflɔrɪdə əˈtlæntɪk ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈbæskətˌbɔl stæf. ɪn fərst ˈsizən æt ɪn ðə tim ˈpoʊstɪd ɪts ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈsizən, ðə fərst taɪm sɪns ðə ˈərli ðət ðə aʊlz hæd kənˈsɛkjətɪv ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈsizənz. ðə tim sɛt ə ˈproʊˌgræm ˈskɔrɪŋ ˈrɛkərd, ˈævrɪʤɪŋ pɔɪnts pər geɪm, ənd prəˈdust ðə bɛst əˈtlæntɪk sən ˈkɑnfərəns ˈrɛkərd ɪn skul ˈhɪstəri mɑrk ɪn spɛnt tu ˈsizənz ɛz ən əˈsɪstənt æt maɪˈæmi deɪd ˈkɑlɪʤ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə poʊst æt. waɪl æt maɪˈæmi deɪd, hi hɛlpt lɛd ðə ʃɑrks tɪ ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈsizənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə mɑrk ɛn rut tɪ ðə ˈkɑnfərəns ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ɪn hi rɪˈkrutɪd fɔr əv maɪˈæmi səˈlɛkʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə lig pleɪər əv ðə jɪr. praɪər tɪ hɪz taɪm æt mdc*, spɛnt ə jɪr æt ˈnoʊvə ˌsaʊˈθistərn ˌjunəˈvərsəti, wɛr hi sərvd ɛz ən əˈsɪstənt ˈəndər hɛd koʊʧ ˈgɛri tul, ə ˈfɔrmər əˈsɪstənt koʊʧ ənd spɔrts ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən dɪˈrɛktər. hi bɪˈgæn hɪz kəˈliʤɪt ˈkoʊʧɪŋ kərɪr æt əˈgəstə (ˈʤɔrʤə.) steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti wɛr hi sərvd ɛz ə ˈgræʤəˌweɪt əˈsɪstənt frəm pleɪd kəˈliʤɪt ˈbæskətˌbɔl æt st*. ˈtɑməs ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn maɪˈæmi, wɛr hi wɑz ə ˈstɑrtər ənd ˈkæptən waɪl ˈhɛlpɪŋ hɪz tim wɪn ðə ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizən ˈkɑnfərəns ˈtaɪtəl ɪn 1997 rɪˈsɪpiənt əv ə ˈlidərˌʃɪp əˈwɔrd ɛz ə ˈsinjər, hi ərnd ə ˈbæʧələrz dɪˈgri ɪn saɪˈkɑləʤi frəm st*. ˈtɑməs ɪn 1998 ənd ə ˈmæstərz əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɪn ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ənd spɔrt saɪəns frəm əˈgəstə steɪt ɪn 2000 ə ˈneɪtɪv əv maɪˈæmi, fla*., spiks fluənt ˈspænɪʃ. hi ɪz ˈmɛrid tɪ ðə ˈfɔrmər əˈlɪʃə ˈnɪgroʊ ənd ðə ˈkəpəl hæd twɪnz, ˌeɪˈdɛn ənd ˈædi, ɪn ʤun 2009 rɪˈpleɪsɪz kərˈim ˈrɪʧərdsən, hu lɛft tɪ bɪˈkəm ðə hɛd koʊʧ æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv məˈzʊri ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti. ˈrɪʧərdsən ɪz ðə ˈfɔrmər əˈsɪstənt ər pleɪər ˈəndər rɪk pəˈtinoʊ hu həz ˈrɪzən tɪ ə kəˈliʤɪt hɛd ˈkoʊʧɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən ənd ɪz wən əv 10 ˈæktɪv ˈkoʊʧɪz ɔn ðət lɪst.
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april 26, 2013
louisville, ky. - mike balado , who served as an assistant coach at florida international university last season, has joined the university of louisville men's basketball staff in a similar capacity as announced friday by uofl head coach rick pitino.
balado (pronounced bah-law-doe) helped fiu to quickly achieve success over the past year when the 18-14 panthers produced their first winning season in 13 years, the fourth-highest win total in school history and the most sun best conference victories (11) since joining the league in 1998-99. he was an assistant under richard pitino, the son of uofl head coach rick pitino who is now the head coach at minnesota.
"mike brings a wealth of experience in both the recruiting world and in coaching," said pitino. "an important factor in adding him to our staff was his knowledge of what we do defensively and in scouting, after working with richard (pitino) for a year. it should not take a great deal of time in acclimating him to our program. he's a tireless worker and he should fit like a glove. he also brings another facet to our recruiting efforts, as he speaks fluent spanish and has connections throughout latin america."
"i am excited and honored to have the opportunity to work for coach pitino and the university of louisville," said balado. "given the chance to learn from arguably the best coach, mentor, and person in the game of basketball is truly a blessing."
prior to his year at fiu, balado worked three seasons at high point university (2009-12), where he assisted in all areas of the panther basketball program with a heavy concentration on recruiting. he spent the 2008-09 season on the university of miami (fla.) basketball staff where he helped the hurricanes compile a 19-13 record and a berth in the national invitation tournament (nit) while working on player development, scouting and game preparation.
prior to coaching at miami, balado spent three years on the florida atlantic university basketball staff. in balado's first season at fau in 2005-06, the team posted its second-consecutive winning season, the first time since the early 1990s that the owls had consecutive winning seasons. the team set a program scoring record, averaging 74.9 points per game, and produced the best atlantic sun conference record in school history (14-6 mark in 2005-06).
balado spent two seasons as an assistant at miami dade college before taking the post at fau. while at miami dade, he helped lead the sharks to back-to-back winning seasons, including a program-best 27-5 mark en route to the conference championship in 2004-05. he recruited four of miami dade's 2004-05 all-conference selections, including the league player of the year.
prior to his time at mdc, balado spent a year at nova southeastern university, where he served as an assistant under head coach gary tuell, a former uofl assistant coach and sports information director. he began his collegiate coaching career at augusta (ga.) state university where he served as a graduate assistant from 1998-2000.
balado played collegiate basketball at st. thomas university in miami, where he was a two-year starter and captain while helping his team win the regular season conference title in 1997. recipient of a student-athlete leadership award as a senior, he earned a bachelor's degree in psychology from st. thomas in 1998 and a master's of education in exercise and sport science from augusta state in 2000.
a native of miami, fla., balado speaks fluent spanish. he is married to the former alicia nigro and the couple had twins, aiden and addy, in june 2009.
balado replaces kareem richardson, who left uofl to become the head coach at the university of missouri kansas city. richardson is the 26th former assistant or player under rick pitino who has risen to a collegiate head coaching position and is one of 10 active coaches on that list.
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ə poʊl ɪn ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst həz faʊnd ðət naɪn aʊt əv 10 ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz ər nɑt əˈfɛndɪd baɪ ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈrɛdˌskɪnz neɪm. ðə poʊl ˈsərˌveɪd 504 ˈpipəl hu aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ɪn ˈɛvəri steɪt ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ənd rɪˈflɛkts ðə ˈfaɪndɪŋz əv ə ˈsɪmələr poʊl ɪn 2004 ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl tim həz bɪn ˈəndər ˈprɛʃər fər səm taɪm ˈoʊvər ɪts neɪm, wɪʧ ˈmɛni seɪ ɪz əˈfɛnsɪv. ðə ˈsərˌveɪ ˈɔlsoʊ æst rɪˈspɑndənts ˈwɛðər ðə wərd ““redskin”*” ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛktfəl: 21 sɛd ɪt ɪz. ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈrɛdˌskɪnz əˈpɑləʤɪsts ər ɔn ˈɛvəri rɔŋ saɪd əv ˈhɪstəri ənd ə slər deɪv rɛd mɔr ˈoʊnər, dæn sˈnaɪdər, həz lɔŋ rɪˈzɪstɪd kɔlz tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə neɪm, ənd sɛd ðə poʊl bækt əp hɪz stæns. ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈrɛdˌskɪnz tim, ɑr fænz ənd kəmˈjunɪti hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪˈlivd ɑr neɪm ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ˈɑnər, rɪˈspɛkt ənd pride,”*,” sɛd sˈnaɪdər ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst ˈpoʊlɪŋ ʃoʊz ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz əˈgri. wi ər ˈgrætəˌfaɪd baɪ ðɪs ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ səˈpɔrt frəm ðə ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən kəmˈjunɪti, ənd ðə tim wɪl ˈpraʊdli ˈkɛri ðə ˈrɛdˌskɪnz name.”*.” ˈhɑrʤoʊ, hu həz ˈʧælənʤd ðə ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk prəˈtɛkʃən, sɛd ʃi dɪd nɑt əˈgri wɪθ ðə ˈmɛθədz. əkˈsɛpt self-identification,”*,” ˈhɑrʤoʊ, ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ʃaɪɛn ənd traɪbz, toʊld ðə poʊst. seɪ ˈneɪtɪv, ənd ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈneɪtɪv, fər ɔl sɔrts əv ˈrizənz. ðoʊz əv ˈjuˈɛs hu ər ˈlidərz ɪn ˈɪndiən ˈkəntri noʊ hu wi ər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ. wi ˈɔlsoʊ noʊ ɪf wi ər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ə məˈnɔrəti vju. ənd ðɪs ɪz nɑt ðə keɪs hir. ɑr ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪz kəmˈplitli ðə ˈɑpəzɪt əv ðə 2004 ˈænənbərg poʊl ənd ðɪs wən. aɪ ʤɪst ˈriʤɛkt ðə hoʊl thing.”*.” reɪ ənd ˈʤæki pata*, tu ˈəðər ˈfɪgjərz ɪn ðə ˈmuvmənt, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ðə ˌɪmˈpækt ˈɪmɪʤri ɪn spɔrts kən hæv ɔn jəŋ ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz. saɪəns ˈrisərʧ ənd ɪkˈspɪriəns həz toʊld ˈjuˈɛs ðət ðɪs kaɪnd əv həz boʊθ ˈvɪzəbəl ənd ənˈsin ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz fər ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz ɪn ðɪs country,”*,” ðeɪ sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. ɪz əˈspɛʃəli ðə keɪs fər ˈʧɪldrən, hu wər nɑt poʊld ənd hu ər ɪn ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈvəlnərəbəl pəˈzɪʃən tɪ bi ˈbʊlid baɪ ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl. ɪt ɪz ðə ˈsɛnʧəri ɪt ɪz lɔŋ ˈoʊvərˈdu fər ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz tɪ bi ˈtritɪd nɑt ɛz ˈmæˌskɑts ər ˈtɑrgəts əv slərz, bət ˌɪnˈstɛd ɛz equals.”*.” ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst poʊl faʊnd ðət əˈpɪnjənz əˈməŋ ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz təˈwɔrdz ðə neɪm wər kənˈsɪstənt rəˈgɑrdləs əv ˈfæktərz səʧ ɛz eɪʤ, ˈɪnˌkəm ənd ˈlɛvəl əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. ˈnɑˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz ər, ɪn fækt, mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈfeɪvər ə neɪm ʧeɪnʤ. ə 2014 poʊl faʊnd ðət 23 əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən θɔt ðə tim ʃʊd ʧeɪnʤ ɪts neɪm. ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə, ðə ˈgɑrdiən ənd ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst ˌɪtˈsɛlf ər əˈməŋ ðoʊz tɪ hæv ərʤd sˈnaɪdər tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə neɪm.
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a poll in the washington post has found that nine out of 10 native americans are not offended by the washington redskins name.
the poll surveyed 504 people who identified as native american in every state in the us, and reflects the findings of a similar poll in 2004. washington’s nfl team has been under pressure for some time over its name, which many say is offensive. the survey also asked respondents whether the word “redskin” itself is disrespectful: 21% said it is.
washington redskins apologists are on every wrong side of history and a slur | dave rappoccio read more
washington’s owner, dan snyder, has long resisted calls to change the team’s name, and said the poll backed up his stance.
“the washington redskins team, our fans and community have always believed our name represents honor, respect and pride,” said snyder in a statement. “today’s washington post polling shows native americans agree. we are gratified by this overwhelming support from the native american community, and the team will proudly carry the redskins name.”
suzan harjo, who has challenged the team’s trademark protection, said she did not agree with the poll’s methods.
“i accept self-identification,” harjo, a member of the cheyenne and hodulgee muscogee tribes, told the post. “people say they’re native, and they are not native, for all sorts of reasons. those of us who are leaders in indian country know who we are representing. we also know if we are representing a minority view. and this is not the case here. our experience is completely the opposite of the [2004] annenberg poll and this one. i just reject the whole thing.”
ray halbritter and jackie pata, two other figures in the name-change movement, also pointed to the impact imagery in sports can have on young native americans.
“social science research and first-hand experience has told us that this kind of denigration has both visible and unseen consequences for native americans in this country,” they said in a statement. “this is especially the case for children, who were not polled and who are in a particularly vulnerable position to be bullied by the nfl. it is the 21st century it is long overdue for native americans to be treated not as mascots or targets of slurs, but instead as equals.”
the washington post poll found that opinions among native americans towards the team’s name were consistent regardless of factors such as age, income and level of education. non-native americans are, in fact, more likely to favor a name change. a 2014 espn poll found that 23% of the us population thought the team should change its name. barack obama, the guardian and the washington post itself are among those to have urged snyder to change the team’s name.
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mæt ˈɛlɪs ɪz ə ˈfriˌlæns ˈkɑntɛnt ˈraɪtər, ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪŋ ɪn wɛb dɪˈzaɪn ənd. fər ˈditeɪlz əˈbaʊt hɪz prəˈfɛʃənəl wərk, ˈvɪzɪt... rɛd mɔr əˈbaʊt mæt ˈɛlɪs θɪŋk trænˈzækʃənz ər ˈmoʊstli dən ɔn ˈdɛskˌtɑp? ə θɪŋk wɪθ ˈgugəl ˈstədi rɪˈvild ðɪs stəˈtɪstɪk: 67 əv ˈpipəl juz ˈməltəpəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz wɪn ˈʃɑpɪŋ ˈɔnˌlaɪn. ðɪs minz ðət ə ˈsaɪzəbəl məˈʤɔrəti əv jʊr ˈʃɑpərz wɪl ˈvɪzɪt jʊr ˈmoʊbəl saɪt æt səm pɔɪnt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə seɪlz ˈprɔˌsɛs. ənd ɪf jʊr ˈmoʊbəl saɪt ˌɪmˈprɛs ðɛm, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə rɪˈpɔrt ðɛn ˈlaɪkli luz aʊt ɔn ə seɪl: əv kənˈsumərz ər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ wɪθ ə ˈbɪznɪs ˈæftər ə bæd ˈmoʊbəl experience.”*.” goʊ tɪ jʊr kəmˈpɛtɪtər ˈæftər ə bæd ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪθ jʊr ˈmoʊbəl site.”*.” əv ˈmoʊbəl ˈjuzərz ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ baɪ frəm ə site.”*.” ðə ˈraɪtɪŋ ɪz ɔn ðə wɔl: ˈmoʊbəl saɪts ər ˈkruʃəl tɪ səkˈsɛs. tɪ kip jʊr ˈʃɑpərz ɔn træk fər ə ˈpərʧəs jʊr saɪt wɪl nid ə kənˈsɪstənt ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm əˈkrɔs ˈməltəpəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz ənd ˈʧænəlz. bət haʊ du ju əˈkɑmplɪʃ ðət wɪθ səʧ ə dɪˈvərs reɪnʤ əv skrin ˈsaɪzɪz? fərst bɪtˈwin ˈdɛskˌtɑp, ˈtæblət, ənd ˈmoʊbəl, ənd ðɛn bɪtˈwin ðə ˈvɛriɪŋ brændz ənd staɪlz fər iʧ. ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, ɪkˈspleɪn ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ju nid tɪ noʊ əˈbaʊt rɪˈspɑnsɪv ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən, spəˈsɪfɪkli fər saɪts, soʊ ðət ju kən gɪv jʊr ˈjuzərz ə fəˈmɪljər ɪkˈspɪriəns, noʊ ˈmætər wət dɪˈvaɪs ðeɪ juz. ðə ˈgoʊldən rul əv rɪˈspɑnsɪv ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ɪf ju rɪˈmɛmbər wən rule”*” əˈbaʊt ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən, ðɪs: prəˈvaɪd ə kənˈsɪstənt ɪkˈspɪriəns əˈkrɔs dɪˈvaɪsɪz. ənd nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli wənz hu θɪŋk soʊ. ðə ˈnilsən ˈnɔrmən grup saɪts ““consistency”*” ɛz wən əv ðɛr fɔr rɪkˈwaɪrmənts fər ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz: ˈjuzərz muv frəm ˈʧænəl tɪ ˈʧænəl tɪ kəmˈplit ə spɪˈsɪfɪk tæsk ər ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt tæsks ˈoʊvər taɪm, ðeɪ ər ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ ðə ˈvɪʒəwəl dɪˈzaɪn, ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti, ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ənd ˈoʊvərˌɔl toʊn əv vɔɪs əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ər ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən. kriˈeɪtɪŋ kənˈsɪstənsi əˈkrɔs ðiz ˈdɪsəplənz, rəˈgɑrdləs əv ˈʧænəl, hɛlps ˈjuzərz bɪld ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz fər fˈjuʧər ˌɪnərˈækʃənz wɪθ ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən. ˈjuzərz kreɪv kənˈsɪstənsi ənd ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət kən prəˈvaɪd kənˈsɪstənt ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz əˈkrɔs ˈʧænəlz wɪl kˈwɪkli ərn users’*’ trust.”*.” kənˈsɪstənsi dɪˈrɛkli rɪˈleɪts tɪ ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈstɛndz tɪ ɔl dɪˈzaɪn ˈʧɔɪsɪz: ˈkələr skimz, ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈhaɪˌrɑrki, toʊn, təˈpɑgrəfi, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. naʊ ˈnæʧərəli ju juz ðə seɪm ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ɔn iʧ dɪˈvaɪs ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn skrin saɪz min ˈiðər tu məʧ ər tu ˈlɪtəl speɪs. wət ju kən du, ɛz ˈʤɛrəˌmi ʤərɑrd frəm ðə nɛkst wɛb səˈʤɛsts, ɪz bi kənˈsɪstənt ɛz possible.”*.” fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ə ˈmɛnju maɪt bɪˈkəm ə saɪd drɔr ɔn ə. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈɔrdər əv ðə ˈaɪtəmz, ˈɪmɪʤri əv ðə ˈmɛnju, ˈkələrz, ənd təˈpɑgrəfi ʃʊd mæʧ. jʊr ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm meɪ nɑt bi ðə seɪm ɔn ˈɛvəri dɪˈvaɪs, bət ɪt ʃʊd fil fəˈmɪljər. stɪl wɔnt tɪ teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv iʧ juˈnik ˈprɑpərtiz, bət æt ðə seɪm taɪm gɪv ðə ˈʃɑpər ðə fəˌmɪˈljɛrəti ðət əˈlaʊz ðɛm tɪ braʊz wɪθ ˈkɑnfədɛns, ˈivɪn ɪf ˈnɛvər juzd ðə ˈʧænəl ˌbiˈfɔr. waɪ wi səˈʤɛst rɪˈspɑnsɪv ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən. ““responsive”*” minz ðə ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm rɪˈteɪnz ðə seɪm kɔr ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti əˈkrɔs ɔl dɪˈvaɪsɪz, jɛt ɪt ““responds”*” tɪ ˈdɪfərənt ˈʧænəlz wɪθ ðə ˈprɑpər ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz, səʧ ɛz ər ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ˈʤɛsʧər kənˈtroʊlz. sɔrs: ˈkɑmənz kənˈsɪdər ðɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊ: jʊr ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈʃɑpər ɪz ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən wɪn ðeɪ bɪˈkəm ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn baɪɪŋ ə taɪp əv ˈprɑdəkt ju sɛl. fər ðə seɪk əv kənˈvinjəns, ðeɪ pʊl aʊt ðɛr ənd soʊ ðeɪ hæv tɪ liv ðə kaʊʧ. ðeɪ bɪˈgɪn riˈsərʧɪŋ ðə ˈprɑdəkt ənd lænd ɔn jʊr ˈmoʊbəl ˈprɑdəkt peɪʤ ˈivɪn mɔr ˈlaɪkli ɪf ju juz ˈkɑntɛnt ˈmɑrkətɪŋ tɪ gaɪd ˈʃɑpərz θru ðə seɪlz ˈfənəl. gʊd nuz, ðə ˈʃɑpər laɪks wət ðeɪ si ənd ˌdɪˈsaɪdz tɪ baɪ! ˌhaʊˈɛvər, əˈgɛn fər ðə seɪk əv kənˈvinjəns, ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ kəmˈplit ðə ˈpərʧəs ɔn ðɛr ˈlæpˌtɑp sɪns bi ˈtaɪpɪŋ ɪn ðɛr ˈæˌdrɛs ənd ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd ˈdætə. ðɪs ɪz wɛr rɪˈspɑnsɪv ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ɪz ˈkruʃəl. jʊr ˈʃɑpər ˈiðər həz tɪ tɪ ðə seɪm ˈprɑdəkt peɪʤ ðeɪ ʤɪst lɛft ɔn ðɛr foʊn, ər ˈækˌsɛs ðə ˈʃɑpɪŋ kɑrt ɪf ðeɪ ɔˈrɛdi pleɪst ðə ˈaɪtəm ɪn. ˈɛni ˈɑbstəkəlz ɛz ðeɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ðɛr pleɪs ɔn ðə nu dɪˈvaɪs wɪl θˈrɛtən kɑrt əˈbændənmənt. ə rɪˈspɑnsɪv ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm wɪl fil fəˈmɪljər ənd gɪv ðɛm ən ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən əv haʊ tɪ gɪt wɛr ðeɪ wɔnt. ˈivɪn ɪf ðə ˈʃɑpər həz ˈnɛvər bɪn tɪ ðə ˈdɛskˌtɑp saɪt ˌbiˈfɔr, stɪl hæv ən aɪˈdiə əv wɛr ðə ˈʃɑpɪŋ kɑrt ɪz, ər haʊ tɪ gɪt tɪ ðə ˈprɑdəkt peɪʤ, frəm ðə fəˌmɪˈljɛrəti wɪθ ðə peɪʤ. 11 rɪˈspɑnsɪv ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən bɛst ˈpræktɪsɪz fər ɛz wi dɪˈskəst ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsɪriəs brændz ʃʊd æt səm pɔɪnt ˈkəstəˌmaɪz ðɛr saɪt dɪˈzaɪn tɪ sut ðɛr spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈjuzərz. ɪf dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ ə rɪˈspɑnsɪv saɪt, kip ðiz 11 ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən bɛst ˈpræktɪsɪz ɪn maɪnd: 1 seɪv ˈprɑˌgrɛs fər ə ˈsimləs ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈɛkstrə wərk ðə ˈʃɑpər həz tɪ du baɪ ˈseɪvɪŋ ðɛr ˈprɑˌgrɛs ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli. ʤɪst laɪk ɪn ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl əˈbəv, ðɪs rɪˈleɪts dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ˈaɪtəmz ɪn ə ˈʃɑpɪŋ kɑrt, bət ɪz ʤɪst ɛz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ˈsɛkʃənz laɪk ˈrisənt ˈhɪstəri ənd ˈpriviəsli vjud ˈaɪtəmz. sɔrs: ðə ˈseɪvɪŋ ə ˈʃɑpɪŋ kɑrt ɪz rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz ə ˈʃɑpɪŋ cart,”*,” ənd ɪz ən ˈifɛktɪv weɪ tɪ ˈkɑmbæt kɑrt əˈbændənmənt ɛz ə ˈsɪmpəl riˈmaɪndər ɪf ðə ˈʃɑpər rɪˈtərnz tɪ ðə səm taɪm ˈleɪtər. ɪn fækt, ən rɪˈpɔrt ʃoʊd ðət 56 əv ˈʃɑpərz juz kɑrts ɛz ə ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft ““save-for-later”*” ˈɔpʃən. ˈkɑmənli, pərˈsɪstənt kɑrts ər meɪd wɪθ ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈkʊkiz. 2 əˈproʊʧ dɪˈzaɪn jʊr sˈmɔləst skrinz fərst, ənd ðɛn prɑˈgrɛsɪvli ɛnˈhæns ˈəpwərdz. ɛz sˈmæʃɪŋ ˈmægəˌzin pɔɪnts aʊt ðə əˈproʊʧ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs wən əv ðə ˈʃɔrtˌkəmɪŋz ðət wi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɪn ɑr rɪˈspɑnsɪv ˈprɑʤɛkts ðə ˈprɑbləm əv dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri content.”*.” ɪt meɪks sɛns ɪf ju θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɪt. ju fərst dɪˈzaɪn ðə leɪaʊts ɔn ðə sˈmɔləst skrin, ənd ðɛn prɑˈgrɛsɪvli æd ˈkɑntɛnt ɛz ju skeɪl ˈəpwərdz tɪ ˈbɪgər skrinz. kənˈsɪdər ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪv, əv dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ jʊr ˈbɪgəst skrin fərst, ənd ˈhævɪŋ tɪ kət ənd ðə ɪnˈtaɪər peɪʤ ɛz ju ˈprɑˌgrɛs. sɔrs: ðə ˈpræktɪkəl mæn ðə əˈproʊʧ ˈɔlsoʊ pʊts ðə praɪˈɔrəti ɔn ˈkɑntɛnt. dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ ɔn ðə sˈmɔləst skrin fərst ˈfɔrsɪz ju tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd wɪʧ ɪz jʊr moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈkɑntɛnt ˈsɪmpli bɪˈkəz ju hæv rum fər ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls jɛt. 3 praɪˈɔrəˌtaɪz ˈkɑntɛnt soʊ ju noʊ wət tɪ haɪd ɪf jʊr saɪt ɪz laɪk moʊst webstores*, ju hæv ə products”*” ˈsɛkʃən ɔn jʊr hoʊm peɪʤ. waɪl ðə ˈdɛskˌtɑp ˈvərʒən meɪ hæv faɪv ər sɪks ˈdɪfərənt ˈprɑdəkts, jʊr ənd ˈtæblət ˈvərʒənz ˈprɑbəˌbli fɪt ðət ˈmɛni. sɔrs: praɪˈɔrəˌtaɪz ɔl jʊr ˈkɑntɛnt ˌbiˈfɔr ju bɪˈgɪn dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ soʊ ju kən ˈsɪmpli wərk ɔf ə lɪst. nɑt ʤɪst ˈprɑdəkts ɪn ə ˈfiʧərd ˈsɛkʃən, bət ˈprɑdəkt ˈfoʊˌtoʊz, subcategories*, ˈprɑdəkt ˈditeɪlz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. 4 ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz ˈprɑdəkt ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈprɑdəkt ˈɪmɪʤɪz ər wən əv jʊr ˈgreɪtəst seɪlz tulz, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˌhaɪkˈwɑləti ˈvɪʒwəlz ˈɪntu wət ðə ˈprɑdəkts lʊks ənd filz laɪk, ɪts saɪz, ənd ɪts ˈjusɪʤ. ən ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ rɪˈpɔrt faʊnd 67 əv ˈpipəl kɔld ˈɪmɪʤɪz important”*” ɪn ˈpərʧəs dɪˈsɪʒənz, wɪθ ˈmɛni kənˈsumərz ˈvæljuɪŋ ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈoʊvər dɪˈskrɪpʃənz, spɛks, ənd ˈivɪn rəvˈjuz. sɔrs: ˈbjʊroʊ ˈtɑnɪk wɪn ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ wət tɪ kət fər ˈprɑdəkt ˈpeɪʤɪz ɔn sˈmɔlər skrinz, faɪnd ˈəðər ˈɛləmənts ˌbiˈsaɪdz ˈprɑdəkt ˈɪmɪʤɪz. ɪn fækt, ˈsɛnər ðə ˈmoʊbəl peɪʤ əraʊnd ə ˈprɑmənənt ˈɪmɪʤ. 5 ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz ˈiðər ˈæftər ˈprɑdəkt ˈɪmɪʤɪz, ə ˈprɑdəkt tɪ cart”*”) ɪz wən əv ðə nɛkst moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɛləmənts. waɪl ˈdɛskˌtɑp vjuz ˈɔfən hæv ðə ˈləgʒəri əv ˈpleɪsɪŋ ˈɪmɪʤɪz ənd ˈprɑdəkt ˈditeɪlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə, ˈsaɪdbaɪˈsaɪd, ˈtæblət ənd əˈspɛʃəli vjuz. sɔrs: ˈbəgəˌbu waɪl ˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ pʊt ðə ɔf tɪ ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə ˈmoʊbəl ˈvərʒən tɪ seɪv speɪs, mɔr ˈifɛktɪv ɪn ə ˈlidɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən. ɛz ˈpræktɪkəl ɑrˈmɑndoʊ ˈrɑʤiˌoʊ ɪkˈspleɪnz kip ðə ˈvɪzəbəl ɔn ðə ˈmoʊbəl ˈprɑdəkt fərst skrin. ðə ʃʊd bi mɔr ækˈsɛsəbəl ðən lɛs ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɛləmənts, səʧ ɛz ˈlɛŋθi dɪˈskrɪpʃənz, spɛks, ər ˈkəstəmər ˈsərvɪs ˈɔpʃənz. 6 sˈmɔlər ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ˈmɛnju fər ˈprɑdəkt ˈpeɪʤɪz kənˈsərvɪŋ skrin ril ɛˈsteɪt fər ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz ɪz ə ˈsɛntrəl goʊl əv rɪˈspɑnsɪv dɪˈzaɪn. ɛz wi ˈmɛnʃənd əˈbəv, ˈprɑdəkt ˈɪmɪʤɪz ənd ər səm əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɛləmənts əv ˈprɑdəkt ˈpeɪʤɪz ɔn ˈɛni dɪˈvaɪs. tɪ meɪk mɔr rum fər ðiz, traɪ kəˈlæpsɪŋ ər ˈhaɪdɪŋ ðə ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ˈmɛnju. sɔrs: ədˈvaɪs frəm ə ˈkætəˌpɪlər ɪf nɑt ə fæn əv ˈhæmbərgər ˈaɪˌkɑnz, ju kən æt list ʃrɪŋk jʊr ˈmɛnju daʊn ənd juz sˈmɔlər ˈaɪˌkɑnz. 7 ˈvərtɪkəl ɪˈlɔŋgeɪtəd ˈmɛnjuz ðə kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ˈmɛnju trænzˈleɪt wɛl tɪ ˈmoʊbəl skrinz. ʤeɪk ˈrɑʃɪloʊ pɔɪnts aʊt ðət ˈvərtɪkəl ɪˈlɔŋgeɪtəd ˈmɛnjuz gɪv ˈæmpəl waɪt speɪs, ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˌlɛʤəˈbɪləti, ənd ˈizi fər ˈmoʊbəl hoʊm ˈpeɪʤɪz. sɔrs: səm dɪˈzaɪnərz stɪr əˈweɪ frəm ˈvərtɪkəl ɪˈlɔŋgeɪtəd ˈmɛnjuz bɪˈkəz ɪt meɪks ðə hoʊm peɪʤ tu lɔŋ, bət ðɪs ɛz bɪg əv ən ˈɪʃu ɛz ðeɪ θɪŋk. jʊr ˈkəstəmərz ər juzd tɪ mɔr ɔn ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ənd ˈʤɛsʧər kənˈtroʊlz meɪk ɪt ˈiziər. əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðə ˈklɛrɪti əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ənd əˈpɪrəns mɔr ðən ə ˈʃɔrtər peɪʤ. 8 ˈaɪˌkɑnz ˈskeɪləbəl ˈvɛktər ˈgræfɪks goʊ wɪθ rɪˈspɑnsɪv dɪˈzaɪn, ənd ˈaɪˌkɑnz goʊ wɪθ ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən. pʊt ðɛm təˈgɛðər, ənd ˈaɪˌkɑnz ʤɪst meɪks sɛns. ðə seɪm ˈaɪkɑn sɛt kən bi juzd ɔn ˈɛvəri dɪˈvaɪs, ˈgɪvɪŋ ðət sɛns əv fəˌmɪˈljɛrəti wi ˈmɛnʃənd æt ðə stɑrt. bət ˈhævɪŋ ˈaɪˌkɑnz ðət gɪt ˈbɪgər ənd sˈmɔlər ɪˈnəf. ʤoʊ rɪˈspɑnsɪv ˈaɪkɑn tɛkˈnik kəmˈbaɪnz ˈaɪˌkɑnz wɪθ ˈɪmɪʤ ˈjuzɪŋ ə bæʧ əv smɔl ˈɪmɪʤɪz ɪn ðə seɪm faɪl soʊ ðə klaɪənt ˈoʊnli ˈdaʊnˌloʊdz ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɪmɪʤ frəm ðə ˈsərvər. sɔrs: rɪˈspɑnsɪv ˈaɪˌkɑnz fər mɔr spɪˈsɪfɪks ɔn haʊ tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ðɪs ˈjɔrsɛlf, ˈɪljə ɪkˈspleɪnz ðə ˈditeɪlz ɪn ðɪs sˈmæʃɪŋ ˈmægəˌzin ˈɑrtɪkəl 9 kɑrd leɪaʊts ðə kɑrd leɪaʊt ɪz wən əv ðoʊz ˈspɛʃəl səˈluʃənz wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt ˈbɛnəfɪts, ɛz ˈʤɛri kaʊ ɪkˈspleɪnz ˈjusfəlnəs əv ðə kɑrd ˈpætərn goʊz bɪɔnd ˈloʊdɪŋ taɪmz ənd ˈtrænsˌleɪtɪŋ əˈkrɔs ˈdɪfərənt skrin ˈsaɪzɪz. ˈkɑntɛnt ˈmæʧɪz ðə əˈtɛnʃən spæn əv moʊst wɛb ˈjuzərz (əˈspɛʃəli ɔn ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz). ˈnərʧərd baɪ ənd ðɛn ˈpɑpjələrˌaɪzd baɪ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə saɪts laɪk ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd tˈwɪtər, kɑrd kən naʊ bi faʊnd əˈkrɔs ˈwɛbˌsaɪts əv ɔl industries.”*.” kɑrdz wərk wɛl fər rɪˈspɑnsɪv dɪˈzaɪn bɪˈkəz ðɛr grɪd ˈstrəkʧər kən bi riˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd tɪ fɪt ˈɛni skrin saɪz wɪˈθaʊt dɪsˈrəptɪŋ ðə floʊ əv ðə peɪʤ. ɪf ə fju kɑrdz fɔl ˈɪntu ðə nɛkst roʊ, ˈjuʒəwəli nɑt ə bɪg dil. ðɪs hoʊldz tru əˈspɛʃəli fər, wɛr iʧ ˈditeɪlz ənd ˈpɪkʧər fɪt sˈnəgli ˈɪntu ə ˌsɛlfsəˈfɪʃɪnt kɑrd. sɔrs: mɔˈroʊvər, kɑrdz wərk wɛl wɪθ təʧ kənˈtroʊlz ɔn ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz; ðə ˈjuzər noʊz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪnˈstɪŋktɪvˌli tɪ tæp ðɛm fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. 10 rɪˈlaɪ ɔn kənˈtroʊlz bi ˈkɛrfəl wɪθ kənˈtroʊlz, səʧ ɛz ˈhəvər ənd ˈʤɛsʧər kənˈtroʊlz. dɪˈzaɪn ə ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm ðət kən wərk ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli əv ðiz məˈnuvərz. stɪl ə gʊd aɪˈdiə tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ðɛm, ənd ˈteɪkɪŋ ædˈvæntɪʤ əv iʧ juˈnik ˈprɑpərtiz ɪz ʤɪst gʊd dɪˈzaɪn. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, kənˈtroʊlz ʃʊd bi ˈɔpʃənəl, soʊ ðə ˈʃɑpər kən faɪnd ðɛr weɪ rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðə ˈʧænəl. 11 æd ““padding”*” tɪ ˈbətənz fər sˈmɔlər skrinz. waɪl ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz jʊr skrin ˈɛləmənts ʃʊd gɪt sˈmɔlər ɛz ðə skrin saɪz ʃrɪŋks, ðə ˈɑpəzɪt ɪz tru fər ˈbətənz. wɪn ˈbətənz ˈkɑnvərt frəm ˈdɛskˌtɑp tɪ ˈmoʊbəl, ðeɪ məst hæv ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt saɪz soʊ ðət ðə ˈʃɑpər kən ˈkəmfərtəbli tæp ðɛm. (wi ɔl noʊ haʊ ˈfrəˌstreɪtɪŋ ˈtæpɪŋ ˈtaɪni ˈbətənz ɔn ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz kən bi.) sɔrs: ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz səˈʤɛst ə ˈmɪnəməm saɪz əv 48 ˈpɪksəlz 7mm*), bət ə sˈmæʃɪŋ ˈmægəˌzin rɪˈpɔrt sɪz bɪtˈwin 45 57 ˈpɪksəlz, tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ˈfɪŋgərz ˈwaɪdər ðən ðə ˈævərɪʤ. kənˈkluʒən: ðə fˈjuʧər əv ““mcommerce”*” ɛz wi təʧt əˈpɑn æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, ˈmoʊbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈʃɑpɪŋ ɪz groʊɪŋ æt ən əˈstɑnɪʃɪŋ reɪt ənd ɪz ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd tɪ kip ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ. ðə ˈstədi ˈsaɪtɪd əˈbəv poʊsts ðiz prɑˈʤɛkʃənz fər ˈmoʊbəl ɪn 2017 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈtoʊtəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn seɪlz: 31 109 ˈbɪljən) ˈnəmbər əv baɪərz ˈwərldˈwaɪd: 811 ˈbɪljən (frəm 629 ˈbɪljən ɪn 2015 ˈævərɪʤ ˈɔrdər: 116 (frəm 43 ɪn 2013 ˈævərɪʤ ˈtæblət ˈɔrdər: 307 (frəm 74 ɪn 2013 ðiz ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk priˈdɪkʃənz fər ðə ˈmoʊbəl fˈjuʧər əv spik wən ˈmɛsɪʤ laʊd ənd klɪr: ðə ˈsunər ju ˈəpˈgreɪd jʊr ˈmoʊbəl ˈprɛzəns, ðə ˈbɛtər.
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matt ellis is a freelance content writer, specializing in web design and ecommerce. for details about his professional work, visit... read more about matt ellis
think ecommerce transactions are mostly done on desktop? a think with google study revealed this game-changing statistic:
67% of people use multiple devices when shopping online.
this means that a sizeable majority of your shoppers will visit your mobile site at some point during the sales process. and if your mobile site impress them, according to a rackspace report , then you’ll likely lose out on a sale:
“52% of consumers are less likely to engage with a business after a bad mobile experience.”
“40% go to your competitor after a bad experience with your mobile site.”
“67% of mobile users are more likely to buy from a mobile-friendly site.”
the writing is on the wall: mobile sites are crucial to ecommerce success.
to keep your shoppers on track for a purchase your site will need a consistent navigation system across multiple devices and channels. but how do you accomplish that with such a diverse range of screen sizes? first between desktop, tablet, and mobile, and then between the varying brands and styles for each.
in this article, we’ll explain everything you need to know about responsive navigation, specifically for ecommerce sites, so that you can give your users a familiar experience, no matter what device they use.
the golden rule of responsive navigation
if you remember one “golden rule” about cross-channel navigation, it’s this:
provide a consistent experience across devices.
and we’re not the only ones who think so. the nielsen norman group cites “consistency” as one of their four requirements for cross-channel experiences:
“as users move from channel to channel to complete a specific task or many different tasks over time, they are exposed to the visual design, functionality, interactions and overall tone of voice of the company or organization. creating consistency across these disciplines, regardless of channel, helps users build expectations for future interactions with the organization. users crave consistency and companies that can provide consistent experiences across channels will quickly earn users’ trust.”
consistency directly relates to navigation, but also extends to all design choices: color schemes, visual hierarchy, tone, typography, etc.
now naturally you use the same navigation on each device — the changes in screen size mean either too much or too little space. what you can do, as jeremy girard from the next web suggests, is be “as consistent as possible.”
for example, a desktop’s pull-down menu might become a full-screen side drawer on a smartphone. however, the order of the items, imagery of the menu, colors, and typography should match.
your multi-channel navigation system may not be the same on every device, but it should feel familiar. you’ll still want to take advantage of each device’s unique properties, but at the same time give the shopper the familiarity that allows them to browse with confidence, even if never used the channel before.
that’s why we suggest responsive navigation. “responsive” means the navigation system retains the same core functionality across all devices, yet it “responds” to different channels with the proper modifications, such as resizing or implementing gesture controls.
source: wikimedia commons
consider this scenario:
your typical shopper is watching tv when they become interested in buying a type of product you sell. for the sake of convenience, they pull out their smartphone and so they don’t have to leave the couch. they begin researching the product and land on your site’s mobile product page — even more likely if you use content marketing to guide shoppers through the sales funnel.
good news, the shopper likes what they see and decides to buy! however, again for the sake of convenience, they want to complete the purchase on their laptop since they’ll be typing in their address and credit card data.
this is where responsive navigation is crucial. your shopper either has to re-navigate to the same product page they just left on their phone, or access the shopping cart if they already placed the item in. any obstacles as they return to their place on the new device will threaten cart abandonment.
a responsive navigation system will feel familiar and give them an indication of how to get where they want. even if the shopper has never been to the desktop site before, they’ll still have an idea of where the shopping cart is, or how to get to the product page, from the familiarity with the smartphone page.
11 responsive navigation best practices for ecommerce
as we discussed before , serious ecommerce brands should at some point customize their site design to suit their specific users. if designing a responsive ecommerce site, keep these 11 navigation best practices in mind:
1. save progress for a seamless experience
minimize the amount of extra work the shopper has to do by saving their progress automatically. just like in the example above, this relates directly to items in a shopping cart, but is just as important for sections like recent history and previously viewed items.
source: the burren perfumery
saving a shopping cart is referred to as a “persistent shopping cart,” and is an effective way to combat cart abandonment as a simple reminder if the shopper returns to the estore some time later. in fact, an emarketer report showed that 56% of shoppers use carts as a makeshift “save-for-later” option.
commonly, persistent carts are made with long-term cookies.
2. mobile-first approach
design your smallest screens first, and then progressively enhance upwards. as smashing magazine points out , the mobile-first approach “helped us to address one of the shortcomings that we identified in our responsive projects — the problem of delivering unnecessary content.”
it makes sense if you think about it. you first design the layouts on the smallest screen, and then progressively add content as you scale upwards to bigger screens. consider the alternative, of designing your biggest screen first, and having to cut and re-edit the entire page as you progress.
source: the practical man
the mobile-first approach also puts the priority on content. designing on the smallest screen first forces you to decide which is your most important content simply because you don’t have room for everything else yet.
3. prioritize content so you know what to hide
if your site is like most webstores, you have a “featured products” section on your home page. while the desktop version may have five or six different products, your smartphone and tablet versions probably fit that many.
source: cienne ny
prioritize all your content before you begin designing so you can simply work off a list. not just products in a featured section, but product photos, subcategories, product details, etc.
4. don’t compromise product images
product images are one of your greatest sales tools, providing high-quality visuals into what the products looks and feels like, its size, and its usage. an mdg advertising report found 67% of people called images “very important” in purchase decisions, with many consumers valuing images over descriptions, specs, and even reviews.
source: bureau tonic
when deciding what to cut for product pages on smaller screens, find other elements besides product images. in fact, center the mobile page around a prominent image.
5. don’t compromise calls-to-action either
after product images, a product page’s call-to-action (“add to cart”) is one of the next most important elements. while desktop views often have the luxury of placing images and product details, including the cta, side-by-side, tablet and especially smartphone views don’t.
source: bugaboo
while it’s tempting to put the cta off to the bottom of the mobile version to save space, it’s more effective in a leading position. as practical ecommerce’s armando roggio explains , keep the cta visible on the mobile product page’s first screen. the cta should be more accessible than less important elements, such as lengthy descriptions, specs, or customer service options.
6. smaller navigation menu for product pages
conserving screen real estate for mobile devices is a central goal of responsive design. as we mentioned above, product images and ctas are some of the most important elements of product pages on any device. to make more room for these, try collapsing or hiding the navigation menu.
source: advice from a caterpillar
if not a fan of hamburger icons, you can at least shrink your menu down and use smaller icons.
7. vertical elongated menus
the conventional horizontal navigation menu translate well to mobile screens. jake rocheleau points out that vertical elongated menus give ample white space, comprehensive legibility, and easy clickability for mobile home pages.
source: h&m
some designers steer away from vertical elongated menus because it makes the home page too long, but this isn’t as big of an issue as they think. your customers are used to scrolling more on mobile devices, and gesture controls make it easier. they’ll appreciate the clarity of communication and appearance more than a shorter page.
8. svg icons
scalable vector graphics go hand-in-hand with responsive design, and icons go hand-and-hand with navigation. put them together, and svg icons just makes sense. the same icon set can be used on every device, giving that sense of familiarity we mentioned at the start.
but having icons that get bigger and smaller isn’t enough. joe harrison’s responsive icon technique combines svg icons with image spriting — using a batch of small images in the same file so the client only downloads a single image from the server.
source: responsive icons
for more specifics on how to implement this yourself, ilya pukhalski explains the details in this smashing magazine article .
9. card layouts
the card ui layout is one of those special solutions with many different benefits, as jerry cao explains .
“the usefulness of the card ui pattern goes beyond loading times and translating across different screen sizes. bite-sized content matches the attention span of most web users (especially on mobile devices). nurtured by pinterest and then popularized by social media sites like facebook and twitter, card uis can now be found across websites of all industries.”
cards work well for responsive design because their grid structure can be reorganized to fit any screen size without disrupting the flow of the page. if a few cards fall into the next row, it’s usually not a big deal. this holds true especially for ecommerce, where each product’s details and picture fit snugly into a self-sufficient card.
source: threadless
moreover, cards work well with touch controls on mobile devices; the user knows almost instinctively to tap them for more information.
10. don’t rely on device-specific controls
be careful with device-specific controls, such as hover text/controls and gesture controls. design a navigation system that can work independently of these maneuvers.
it’s still a good idea to include them, and taking advantage of each device’s unique properties is just good design. however, device-specific controls should be optional, so the shopper can find their way regardless of the channel.
11. add “padding” to buttons for smaller screens.
while in many cases your screen elements should get smaller as the screen size shrinks, the opposite is true for clickable buttons. when buttons convert from desktop to mobile, they must have the appropriate size so that the shopper can comfortably tap them. (we all know how frustrating tapping tiny buttons on mobile devices can be.)
source: bellroy
android’s guidelines suggest a minimum size of 48 css pixels (7mm), but a smashing magazine report says between 45 57 pixels, to account for fingers wider than the average.
conclusion: the future of “mcommerce”
as we touched upon at the beginning of this article, mobile online shopping is growing at an astonishing rate and is anticipated to keep increasing. the rackspace study cited above posts these projections for mobile ecommerce in 2017:
percentage of total online sales: 31% ($109 billion)
number of mcommerce-enabled buyers worldwide: 811 billion (from 629 billion in 2015)
average smartphone order: $116 (from $43 in 2013)
average tablet order: $307 (from $74 in 2013)
these optimistic predictions for the mobile future of ecommerce speak one message loud and clear: the sooner you upgrade your estore’s mobile presence, the better.
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maɪ ʤɑb, ɛz aɪ si ɪt, ɪz tɪ hɛlp brɪŋ ˈkeɪnəks fænz ɛz kloʊz ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ˈkeɪnəks pleɪərz. ðɪs pæst ˈwiˌkɪnd ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˈhæŋɪŋ aʊt wɪθ zæk ɪn hɪz ˈhoʊmˌtaʊn əv windor*, ɑnˈtɛrioʊ; ˈʤeɪsən ˈstinzmə, ˈrɔri məˈgɛri, ˈʤɛsɪkə məkˈnil ənd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf dɪd wət wi hæd tɪ du ɪn ðə neɪm əv ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə bɛst ˈkəvərɪʤ ˈpɑsəbəl. ʃʊr, wi spɛnt ən ˌæftərˈnun wɪθ ɔn hɪz boʊt, bət dɪd wi ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ɪt? jɑ, ɪt wɑz friggin’*’ ˈɔsəm ˈæˌkʧuəli ənd goʊɪŋ tɪ əˈdɔr ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ˈfʊtɪʤ wi kəˈlɛktəd. fər naʊ, ə ˈriˌkæp əv ɑr fərst deɪ ædˈvɛnʧərz wɪθ. 10 a.m*. wi əraɪv æt hoʊm ɪn tecumeh*, ə ˈsəbərb ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈwɪnzər. nis pleɪs, hi ənd ˈgərlˌfrɛnd kəˈsændrə bɔt ɪt ɪn meɪ. fərst θɪŋ ju ˈnoʊtɪs wɪn ju wɔk ɪn ɪz ðət noʊ ˈfərnɪʧər ˌbiˈsaɪdz ə ˈlɛðər kaʊʧ ɪn ðə dɛn. ðə ˈkəpəl ʤɪst ˈfɪnɪʃt rɪˈmɑdəlɪŋ, soʊ ˈfərnɪʃɪŋ ðə haʊs ɪz nɛkst. a.m*. ðə rəˈdɪkjələsli əˈdɔrəbəl dɔg ðət ɪz soʊ ɪkˈsaɪtɪd ˈvɪzɪtərz ər ˈoʊvər ɪz, ə neɪmd ˈæftər ˈtɛlər frəm sənz əv ˈænərˌki. ɪf ju sin soa*, du ˈjɔrsɛlf ə ˈfeɪvər ənd ʧɛk ɪt aʊt. du it,”*,” sɛd. ˌɪnˈtɛns ənd awesome.”*.” a.m*. waɪl ˈrɔri, ˈʤɛsɪkə ənd ˈʤeɪsən sɛt əp ˈkæmərəz ənd laɪts fər ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ zæk, aɪ traɪ tɪ faɪnd fər ə pleɪ. ɛz ju kən si, ɪz ə ˈmæstər əv ˈkæməˌflɑʒ. a.m*. ˈbæˌkjɑrd bæks ˈɔntu ə kəˈnæl, wɪʧ leɪk st*. klɛr. wi du ɑr fərst ˈɪntərvˌju ɔn ðə dɑk, ˈnəθɪŋ tu ˌɪnˈveɪsɪv, ʤɪst əˈbaʊt hɪz haʊs, ˈlɪvɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈwɔtər ənd ˈboʊtɪŋ. wi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈænsərd ə fju tˈwɪtər kˈwɛsʧənz ˌbiˈfɔr maɪ foʊn daɪd. səʧ ə proʊ. bɛst rɪˈvil frəm ðə ˈɪntərvˌju ɪz ðət neɪm ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈtiˌneɪʤ mˈjutənt ˈnɪnʤə ˈtərtəl. gru əp ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˈɑrθər, ˈmæʤɪk skul bəs ənd bəgz ˈbəni nis shows.”*.” p.m*. hɪt ðə water!”*!” aɪ ləv wɪn ɪn ʧɑrʤ. ˈæftər ə kwɪk rən tɪ ðə stɔr fər ˈbeɪðɪŋ suts ənd ˈsənˌglæsɪz, wi wər ɔn ɑr weɪ bæk tɪ weɪt, nɑt jɛt. hæv tɪ meɪk ə stop,”*,” sɛd kæs. hi keɪm bæk wɪθ fɔr ˈmɪstər. friz freezies*. ɪt wɑz ˈɑnəstli wən əv ðə bɛst ˈmoʊmənts əv maɪ laɪf; ðət blu wɑz trɪˈmɛndəs. p.m*. boʊt ˈloʊdɪd, əˈweɪ wi goʊ! nɑt soʊ fæst. saʊnd right,”*,” sɛd, ðə ˈɪnʤən wəns wi hɪt ðə ˈoʊpən ˈwɔtər. ˈæftər səm məˈnuvərɪŋ, bɪg kæt (ɛz ˈkɛvɪn kɔlz ɪm) hæd ˈjuˈɛs flaɪɪŋ əˈkrɔs ðə ˈwɔtər. aɪ ˈnoʊtɪs zæk ɪz ˈdraɪvɪŋ ðə boʊt wɪθ ðə ˈfɪŋgərz ɔn hɪz lɛft hænd krɔst. ˈɔlˌmoʊst aʊt əv gæs, ʤɪst ˈhoʊpɪŋ wi meɪk it.”*.” p.m*. wi meɪd ɪt, ʤɪst ˈbɛrli. ðə fˈjulɪŋ ˈsteɪʃən ɪz kənˈvinjəntli ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ˌbiˈsaɪd ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt kɔld ˈsændˌbɑr, soʊ wi drɔp ɪn fər lənʧ. kəˈsændrə ɪz wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs, ɛz ɪz kass’*’ bɛst frɛnd dæn ˈmɑˌʤioʊ, ˈfɔrwərd fər ðə leɪk ˈɪri ˈmɑnstərz hu gru əp wɪθ zæk. ðə pɛr pleɪd ˈhɑki təˈgɛðər ənd ˈbætəld ɪt aʊt ɪn ðə oʊl. p.m*. ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ɑr fud, ə bəg hɪt ɪn ðə hɛd. hi lʊkt əraʊnd, kənfˈjuzd. ðɛn aɪ sɔ ɪt ɔn hɪz ʃərt ənd ðə bəg wɑz ðə saɪz əv ə pterodactyl*, soʊ wɪn aɪ ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðə bəg tɪ kæs, hi frikt aʊt! zæk wɑz əp ɔn hɪz fit wɪθ hɪz ʃərt ɔf ɪn ə flæʃ; hi ˈɔlˌmoʊst flɪpt ðə ˈteɪbəl ˈoʊvər ənd wɑz ˈlɛʤɪt skɛrd fər hɪz laɪf. ɪn ɔl ðə kəˈmoʊʃən hi tɔst hɪz ˈtiˌsərt ˈɔntu ˈrɔri, hu ˈkɑmli ðə bəg əˈweɪ. aɪ hæv tɪrz ɪn maɪ aɪz ˈtaɪpɪŋ ðɪs ˈθɪŋkɪŋ bæk tɪ haʊ ˈfəni ɪt wɑz. p.m*. ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ɪz stɪl ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ ðə bəg ðət əˈtækt zæk. ðət lidz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ə rɪˈvil frəm: ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd əv ʃɑrks ənd sneɪks ənd goʊsts. θɔt maɪ haʊs wɑz ˈhɔntɪd wɪn aɪ bɔt it.”*.” ɛz əv naʊ, kæs sin ˈɛni goʊsts. p.m*. dɪˈlɪvərz ə ˈsɑləd naɪn əv ə ˈkænən bɔl. hi lɔst ə pɔɪnt fər splæʃ haɪt. p.m*. ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ kəˈsændrə, hu ʤɪst ˈfɪnɪʃt ə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz dɪˈgri æt ˈraɪrsən ɪn tərˈɑntoʊ. aɪ ˌɪntərˈəpt wət seɪɪŋ tɪ pɔɪnt aʊt ðət ɪf ʃi ənd zæk gɪt ˈmɛrid, bi kæs kæs. jɛp, ˈwɛlkəm fər ðət əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈɪnˌsaɪt. p.m*. ˈɛvəri ˈsənˌdi wɪn ðə sən ɪz ˈʃaɪnɪŋ ɔl ðə ˈloʊkəlz mit ɔn ðə ˈwɔtər æt ðə hole,’*,’ ə juʤ ˈɛriə ɪn ðə leɪk ðət ɪz ˈoʊnli fɔr fit dip. ˈɛvriˌwən ˈæŋkərz ðɛr boʊts ənd ðə ˌrilækˈseɪʃən bɪˈgɪnz. ˈsənˌdi wɑz ˌɪnˈdid funday*. həz ə greɪt grup əv frɛndz, ɔl ˈvɛri praʊd əv wət əˈkɑmplɪʃt ənd sɛd ðə draɪv hi həz ɪz ənˈlaɪk ˈɛniˌθɪŋ sin. p.m*. ən əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈdɪnər æt lɑ tɪ ɛnd ə fænˈtæstɪk deɪ. noʊ bəg əˈtæks, bət ən əˈdɔrəbəl kʊk keɪm aʊt frəm ðə ˈkɪʧən ənd gɑt hər ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈteɪkən wɪθ kæs. ʃi wɑz bɪɔnd stoʊkt. p.m*. wi pɑrt weɪz ənd rɛst əp fər ə ˈbɪzi ˈmənˌdeɪ. taɪm tɪ goʊ tɪ wərk. ju kən 2 hir.
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my job, as i see it, is to help bring canucks fans as close as possible to canucks players.
this past weekend that involved hanging out with zack kassian in his hometown of windor, ontario; jason steensma, rory mcgarry, jessica mcneill and myself did what we had to do in the name of getting the best coverage possible.
sure, we spent an afternoon with kassian on his boat, but did we enjoy it? ya, it was friggin’ awesome actually and you’re going to adore the video footage we collected. for now, here’s a recap of our first day adventures with kassian.
10 a.m. we arrive at kassian’s home in tecumeh, a suburb outside of windsor. nice place, he and girlfriend cassandra bought it in may. first thing you notice when you walk in is that there’s no furniture besides a leather couch in the den. the couple just finished remodeling, so furnishing the house is next.
10:01 a.m. the ridiculously adorable dog that is so excited visitors are over is jax, a three-year-old havanese named after jax teller from sons of anarchy. if you haven’t seen soa, do yourself a favour and check it out. “just do it,” said kassian. “it’s intense and awesome.”
10:25 a.m. while rory, jessica and jason set up cameras and lights for an interview with zack, i try to find jax for a play. as you can see, jax is a master of camouflage.
11:15 a.m. zack’s backyard backs onto a canal, which accesses lake st. clair. we do our first interview on the dock, nothing too invasive, just about his house, living on the water and boating. we also answered a few twitter questions before my phone died. i’m such a pro. best reveal from the interview is that kassian can’t name a single teenage mutant ninja turtle. “i grew up watching arthur, magic school bus and bugs bunny nice shows.”
12:00 p.m. “let’s hit the water!” i love when zack’s in charge. after a quick run to the store for bathing suits and sunglasses, we were on our way back to zack’s wait, not yet. “we have to make a stop,” said kass. he came back with four mr. freeze freezies. it was honestly one of the best moments of my life; that blue freezie was tremendous.
12:45 p.m. boat loaded, away we go! not so fast. “that doesn’t sound right,” said kassian, reving the engine once we hit the open water. after some maneuvering, big cat (as kevin bieksa calls him) had us flying across the water. i notice zack is driving the boat with the fingers on his left hand crossed. “we’re almost out of gas, i’m just hoping we make it.”
1:03 p.m. we made it, just barely. the fueling station is conveniently located beside a restaurant called sandbar, so we drop in for lunch. cassandra is with us, as is kass’ best friend dan maggio, forward for the lake erie monsters who grew up with zack. the pair played mini-minor hockey together and battled it out in the ohl.
1:37 p.m. waiting for our food, a bug hit kassian in the head. he looked around, confused. then i saw it on his shirt and the bug was the size of a pterodactyl, so when i pointed out the bug to kass, he freaked out! zack was up on his feet with his shirt off in a flash; he almost flipped the table over and was legit scared for his life. in all the commotion he tossed his t-shirt onto rory, who calmly flicked the bug away. i have tears in my eyes typing this thinking back to how funny it was.
1:50 p.m. conversation is still dominated by the bug that attacked zack. that leads us to a reveal from kassian: he’s terrified of sharks and snakes and ghosts. “i thought my house was haunted when i bought it.” as of now, kass hasn’t seen any ghosts.
2:30 p.m. kassian delivers a solid nine of a cannon ball. he lost a point for splash height.
2:35 p.m. talking to cassandra, who just finished a communications degree at ryerson in toronto. i interrupt what she’s saying to point out that if she and zack get married, she’ll be cass kass. yep, you’re welcome for that amazing insight.
3:00 p.m. every sunday when the sun is shining all the locals meet on the water at the ‘swim hole,’ a huge area in the lake that is only four feet deep. everyone anchors their boats and the relaxation begins. sunday was indeed funday. kassian has a great group of friends, they’re all very proud of what he’s accomplished and said the drive he has is unlike anything they’ve seen.
7:00 p.m. an amazing dinner at la rucola to end a fantastic day. no bug attacks, but an adorable cook came out from the kitchen and got her photo taken with kass. she was beyond stoked.
9:00 p.m. we part ways and rest up for a busy monday. time to go to work.
you can readpart 2 here.
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wɪl ðə 20700 ˈbætəri bi ðə fˈjuʧər əv ðə ˈɪndəstri? θɪŋks soʊ, ənd ðə ˈkæptən bɑks mɔd ɪz ðə fərst dɪˈvaɪs tɪ juz ðɛm, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ mɔr ˈbætəri laɪf ənd əp tɪ əv ˈaʊtˌpʊt wɪθ fʊl ˈtɛmpərəʧər kənˈtroʊl (ni/ti/ss/tcr*). ˈɔlsoʊ kəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ trəˈdɪʃənəl 18650 sɛlz, bət ðə nu 20700 sɛl ɪz biɪŋ juzd baɪ kɑr ˈmeɪkər ˈtɛzlə ənd wɪl ˈlaɪkli bɪˈkəm ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ɪn ðə ˈɪndəstri ɛz wɛl. ðə ˈkæptən bɑks mɔd ɪz ə greɪt ˈlʊkɪŋ dɪˈvaɪs wɪθ ə juʤ dɪˈspleɪ, ˈizi tɪ ˈnævəˌgeɪt ˈmɛnju, ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ˈbətən ənd ˈbætəri dɔr. 24 ˌriˈpleɪsəbəl saɪd ˈpænəlz wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi əˈveɪləbəl. ðə fərst ˈjunɪt tɪ bi paʊərd baɪ 20700 ˈbætəriz, ðə ˈkæptən mɔd ˌɪnˈkludz tu sɛlz ənd kən bi ʧɑrʤd ˈviə pɔrt. ər, juz ðə ˈɔpʃənəl əˈdæptər tɪ rən ˈstændərd 18650 sɛlz. naʊ əˈveɪləbəl æt ə əv ˈvɛndərz, ju kən gɪt ə greɪt praɪs æt ʧaɪˈniz səˈplaɪər fər ˈoʊnli ər, traɪ ˈjuˈɛs ˈvɛndər kəˈnɛkt fər ðə greɪt loʊ praɪs əv ʤɪst ðə ˈkæptən bɑks mɔd ˌɪnˈkludz tu 20700 ˈbætəriz wɪˈθaʊt ˈbætəriz: ˌɛkspərˈeɪʃən əv ˈkuˌpɔn koʊdz ɪz ənˈnoʊn. gʊd waɪl səˈplaɪz læst. ˈkæptən bɑks mɔd ˈfiʧərz: ˈvɛriəbəl ˈwɑtəʤ: 5 ˈtɛmpərəʧər kənˈtroʊl: 200 100 (ni/ti/ss/tcr*) rɪˈzɪstəns reɪnʤ: oʊm lɑrʤ frənt ˈfeɪsɪŋ dɪˈspleɪ ˈmɛnju ˈsɪstəm ˈoʊvərˌsaɪzd ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ˈbətən ˌriˈpleɪsəbəl saɪd ˈpænəlz ˈbɑtəm ˈbætəri dɔr ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ənd ˈəpˈgreɪd pɔrt 510 kəˈnɛkʃən paʊərd baɪ duəl 20700 ˈbætəriz (ˌɪnˈkludɪd!) kəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ 18650 ˈbætəriz (ˌɪnˈkludz əˈdæptər) ˈkæptən 20700 mɔd ˌrivˈju baɪ vtc*:
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will the 20700 battery be the future of the vaping industry? ijoy thinks so, and the ijoy captain pd270 box mod is the first device to use them, providing more battery life and up to 234w of output with full temperature control (ni/ti/ss/tcr). it’s also compatible with traditional 18650 cells, but the new 20700 cell is being used by car maker tesla and will likely become widespread in the vaping industry as well. the captain box mod is a great looking device with a huge front-facing oled display, easy to navigate menu, over-sized firing button and flip-open battery door. 24 replaceable side panels will also be available.
the first vaping unit to be powered by 20700 batteries, the ijoy captain pd270 mod includes two cells and can be charged via micro-usb port. or, use the optional adapter to run standard 18650 cells. now available at a vareity of vendors, you can get a great price at chinese supplier efun.top for only $43.99. or, try us vendor ejuice connect for the great low price of just $53.99 →
* the ijoy captain pd270 box mod includes two 20700 batteries
without batteries:
* expiration of coupon codes is unknown. good while supplies last.
ijoy captain pd270 box mod features:
variable wattage: 5 – 234w
temperature control: 200 – 600f / 100 – 315c (ni/ti/ss/tcr)
resistance range: 0.05 – 3.0 ohm
large front facing oled display
easy-to-navigate menu system
oversized firing button
replaceable side panels
flip-open bottom battery door
micro-usb charging and upgrade port
spring-loaded 510 connection
powered by dual 20700 batteries (included!)
compatible with 18650 batteries (includes adapter)
ijoy captain 20700 mod review by vtc:
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ɑrmz, meɪ bi ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm "ɪt gərl." bət ðɛrz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈsəmˌwən hu ˈɪzənt ˈfilɪŋ ðə ˈleɪtəst θɪŋ ˈkɔzɪŋ ə stər ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðæts mi. ə ˈnuli əˈnaʊnst ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn nɪnˈtɛndoʊ 'ɛs ˈbɑksɪŋ ˈtaɪtəl, meɪ bi ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm "ɪt gərl." bət ðɛrz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈsəmˌwən hu ˈɪzənt ˈfilɪŋ ðə ˈleɪtəst θɪŋ ˈkɔzɪŋ ə stər ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðæts mi. wɪn aɪ fərst sɔ, aɪ ˈkʊdənt gɪt ɪkˈsaɪtɪd laɪk ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls. ɔl aɪ kʊd θɪŋk əˈbaʊt wɑz hər hɛr. spəˈsɪfɪkli, ðə fækt ʃiz ə braʊn, ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈkɛrɪktər wɪθ hɛr. ɑrmz hæv ɑrmz fər ˈwɛpənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈəðər ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈfaɪtərz wiv sin soʊ fɑr. soʊ waɪ dɪz ðə braʊn gərl hæv tɪ juz hər hɛr ɛz ə ˈwɛpən? waɪ kænt ɑr hɛr bi dɪˈpɪktɪd ˈækjərətli ɪn ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz ər ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ˈkɛrɪktər ˈɔpʃənz? waɪ du wi gɪt wəts ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli streɪnʤ hir ɪz haʊ ðɪs spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈmɛθəd ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈoʊnli braʊn ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn ðə geɪm. ɔl ðə ˈəðər ˈfaɪtərz ɑrmz fər ˈwɛpənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈəðər ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈfaɪtərz wiv sin soʊ fɑr. soʊ waɪ dɪz ðə braʊn gərl hæv tɪ juz hər hɛr ɛz ə ˈwɛpən? waɪ kænt ɑr hɛr bi dɪˈpɪktɪd ˈækjərətli ɪn ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz ər ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ˈkɛrɪktər ˈɔpʃənz? waɪ du wi gɪt soʊ fju ˈʧɔɪsɪz wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ biɪŋ braʊn ɪn geɪmz? ənd hu æt nɪnˈtɛndoʊ θɔt ðɪs wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈoʊˈkeɪ? ðɪs ˈɪzənt fərst taɪm aɪv hæd tɪ kənˈsɪdər ðə ˈɪʃu əv hɛr ənd ˈkɛrɪktərz ɪn geɪmz ˈiðər bɪˈkəz əv ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈʧɔɪsɪz fər ˈnæʧərəl hɛr ər ə læk əv ˈɔpʃənz ˌɔltəˈgɛðər. bət wɪθ, nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ðət ðə ˈɪndəstri stɪl ˈdəzənt gɪt ɪt, ˈfɔrsɪŋ mi tɪ kənˈfrənt ðɪs ˈprɑbləm jɛt əˈgɛn. ə nu spɪn ɔn ən oʊld ˈprɑbləm ˈsædli, ðɪs ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ nu. ə greɪt ˈɛˌseɪ aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz pɔɪnt bæk tɪ ɪz ˈɛvən "ðə ˈnæʧərəl: ðə ˈtrəbəl pɔrˈtreɪɪŋ ˈblæknəs ɪn ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz," ə ˈpərsɪnəl pis ɔn haʊ ˈnɑrsɪs ləvz biɪŋ blæk bət haʊ geɪmz doʊnt ləv ɪm biɪŋ blæk ənd ˈrɛrli ˈɔfər hɪz ˈhɛrˌkət ɪn ˈkɛrɪktər ˈmɛnjuz. ˈwɛðər ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər, ɪn ðə pæst ər ɪn ə ˈtoʊtəli nu pleɪs ənd taɪm, ðə geɪmz ʤɪst doʊnt ˈɔfər ə ˈsɪmpəl feɪd tɪ hɛlp ˈnɑrsɪs meɪk ə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈævəˌtɑr əv hɪmˈsɛlf. ɛz ˈzeɪvjər ˈhɑrdɪŋ roʊt fər mɪk ðɛr ər stɪl tu fju geɪmz wɛr ə ˈkɛrɪktər həz ˈnæʧərəl hɛr ˈɔpʃənz ðət doʊnt lʊk ˈtɛrəbəl. mɔr ˈɔfən ðən nɑt, wɪr stək wɪθ ðə seɪm feɪd ər breɪdz ðət ˈɑrənt ˈrɪli ˈfizəbəl ɛz ə ˈdeɪtuˌdeɪ ˈhɛrˌstaɪl. kənˈsɪdər moʊst geɪmz wɛr ju kən ˈkəstəˌmaɪz jʊr ˈkɛrɪktər. ˈrɛrli du ju si ˈdisənt blæk hɛr ˈɔpʃənz. ˈnæʧərəl hɛr ɪz ən ˈæftərˌθɔt ɪf ɪt ɪgˈzɪsts æt ɔl. wərs ɪz wɪn ɪts ˈgɪvɪn ɛz ən ˈɔpʃən tɪ ˈɛvriˌwən bət ˈkɛrɪktərz ɪn geɪmz. ju kən si ðɪs ɪn ˈrisənt geɪmz laɪk ˈdrægən eɪʤ: ˌɪnkwəˈzɪʃən, wən əv ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz wərks wɪθ ɪn hərˈaɪzən ˈziroʊ dɔn, ənd mæs ˈifɛkt: ænˈdrɑmədə, wɪʧ prəˈvaɪdz ʤɪst θri ˈɔpʃənz ˈtoʊtəl: wən ˈbreɪdɪd ˈɔpʃən fər jʊr ˈraɪdər ənd tu fər jʊr ˈraɪdər. geɪmz ˈɑrənt ðə ˈoʊnli fɔrm əv ˈmidiə tɪ trit hɛr ɛz ə weɪ tɪ ˈəðər ə ˈnɑnˈwaɪt ˈkɛrɪktər, bət ðeɪ ər ˈsərtənli wən əv ðə moʊst ˈvɪzəbəl ɪgˈzæmpəlz du tɪ ə læk əv dɪˈvərsɪti ɪn ðə ˈɪndəstri. 76 əv ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈɪndəstri ɪmˈplɔɪiz ər waɪt meɪlz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə 2016 rɪˈpɔrt frəm ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl geɪm dɪˈvɛləpərz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən soʊ ɪts ˈlaɪkli ðət ˈvɛri fju nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ɪmˈplɔɪiz ˈivɪn kənˈsɪdərd haʊ hɛr maɪt bi pərˈsivd. ɪts nɑt ʤɪst ən ˈɪʃu ɪn ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz hɛr meɪ sim ˈtrɪviəl tɪ foʊks hu doʊnt hæv tɪ dil wɪθ fɪlmz, ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ʃoʊz ənd ædz wɛr ˈpipəl hu lʊk laɪk ðɛm ˈɑrənt dɪˈpɪktɪd. tɪ ðɛm, ɪt maɪt ˈivɪn sim laɪk əm ˈriʧɪŋ fər ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ kəmˈpleɪn əˈbaʊt. bət ðæts ə saɪd ˈifɛkt əv nɑt siɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ˈɔfən ər wɛl ɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ ju ləv. ˈɛvəri taɪm wi si ə braʊn ˈkɛrɪktər, wi si wəts ðɛr ənd wəts ˈmɪsɪŋ. wi ɔl si ðə ˈmidiə wi kənˈsum laɪk ɪts ə ˈmɪrər, bət wɪn ðɛrz ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl aʊt ðɛr ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ˈjuˈɛs, wi hæv tɪ ʧɛk ðət rɪˈflɛkʃən wɪθ ə ˈʃɑrpər aɪ. soʊ wɪn wɪr ˈfaɪnəli ˈprɛzənt ɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər geɪm riˈlis, wi ˈnoʊtɪs ɔl ðə ˌɪmpərˈfɛkʃənz, laɪnz ənd ˈblɛmɪʃɪz. ə ˈbləndər laɪk hɛr ˈdəzənt min ˈkəmpəˌniz ʃʊd stɑp ˈmeɪkɪŋ dɪˈvərs ˈkɛrɪktərz. ɪts ən ˈərʤənt riˈmaɪndər waɪ ˈbɛtər hɛr ˈɔpʃənz ˈmætər, waɪ fænz ʃʊd bi ˈkrɪtɪkəl əv ðə ˈmidiə ðeɪ kənˈsum ənd waɪ ˈkəmpəˌniz ʃʊd bi ˈmaɪndfəl əv hu pɪks əp ðɛr nɛkst ˈtaɪtəl ənd haʊ ðeɪ maɪt fil ɛz ə ˈgeɪmər huz ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈɪzənt ˌjʊrəˈpiən. wət ˈsɪgnəˌfaɪz æt list fər mi ənd ˈmeɪbi ˈəðərz ɪz ðət ɑr ˈhɑbi ənd ɑr ləv əv ðɪs ɑrt fɔrm wʊd min ə lɔt mɔr ɪf ɪt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ˈjuˈɛs ənd ləvd ˈjuˈɛs bæk.
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arms, may be the latest video game "it girl." but there's always someone who isn't feeling the latest thing causing a stir on the internet — and sometimes that's me. twintelle , a newly announced character in nintendo 's boxing title, may be the latest video game "it girl." but there's always someone who isn't feeling the latest thing causing a stir on the internet — and sometimes that's me.
when i first saw twintelle, i couldn't get excited like everyone else. all i could think about was her hair. specifically, the fact she's a brown, female character with weaponized hair.
arms have spring-loaded arms for weapons, including the other female fighters we've seen so far. so why does the brown girl have to use her hair as a weapon? why can't our hair be depicted accurately in video games or included in character customization options? why do we get what's particularly strange here is how this specific fighting method is limited to the only brown character in the game. all the other fighters inhave spring-loaded arms for weapons, including the other female fighters we've seen so far. so why does the brown girl have to use her hair as a weapon? why can't our hair be depicted accurately in video games or included in character customization options? why do we get so few choices when it comes to being brown in games? and who at nintendo thought this was actually ok?
this isn't first time i've had to consider the issue of hair and poc characters in games — either because of limited choices for natural hair or a lack of options altogether. but with twintelle, nintendo gaming demonstrated that the industry still doesn't get it, forcing me to confront this problem yet again.
a new spin on an old problem
sadly, this conversation is nothing new. a great essay i always point back to is evan narcisse's "the natural: the trouble portraying blackness in video games," a personal piece on how narcisse loves being black but how games don't love him being black and rarely offer his haircut in character customization menus. whether taking place in the future, in the past or in a totally new place and time, the games just don't offer a simple fade to help narcisse make a digital avatar of himself.
as xavier harding wrote for mic , there are still too few games where a character has natural hair options that don't look terrible. more often than not, we're stuck with the same low-cut fade or braids that aren't really feasible as a day-to-day hairstyle.
consider most games where you can customize your character. rarely do you see decent black hair options. natural hair is an afterthought if it exists at all. worse is when it's given as an option to everyone but poc characters in games. you can see this in recent games like dragon age: inquisition, one of the non-playable characters aloy works with in horizon zero dawn, and mass effect: andromeda, which provides just three natural-hair options total: one braided option for your female-presenting ryder and two for your male-presenting ryder.
games aren't the only form of media to treat hair as a way to other a nonwhite character, but they are certainly one of the most visible examples due to a lack of diversity in the industry. roughy 76% of gaming industry employees are white males, according to a 2016 report from the international game developers association . so it's likely that very few nintendo employees even considered how twintelle's hair might be perceived.
it's not just an issue in video games
twintelle's hair may seem trivial to folks who don't have to deal with films, tv shows and ads where people who look like them aren't depicted. to them, it might even seem like i'm reaching for something to complain about. but that's a side effect of not seeing yourself represented often or well in something you love.
every time we see a brown character, we see what's there and what's missing. we all see the media we consume like it's a mirror, but when there's very little out there that actually represents us, we have to check that reflection with a sharper eye. so when we're finally present in a major game release, we notice all the imperfections, lines and blemishes.
a blunder like twintelle's hair doesn't mean companies should stop making diverse characters. it's an urgent reminder why better hair options matter, why fans should be critical of the media they consume and why companies should be mindful of who picks up their next title and how they might feel as a gamer whose background isn't european.
what twintelle signifies — at least for me and maybe others — is that our hobby and our love of this art form would mean a lot more if it recognized us and loved us back.
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ˈriˌkæps əv klæs ˈmitɪŋz, feɪz 3 məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər əv ðə læb ræt saɪər dæm pəps dɪˈspaɪt ən ˈərli ˈfeɪljər baɪ ˈkælvɪn stoʊn tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv ˈsəbstəns ɔn ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər, ˈtərkəl wɑz ˈleɪtər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈtrænsfər məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər frəm ə nu ˈməðər ræt tɪ ə ˈvərʤɪn ræt, ˈjuzɪŋ ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ əv bləd ˈviə ə smɔl pəmp. ˈleɪtər ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃənz əv stoʊnz prəˈsiʤər kənˈkludɪd ðət ɪt ʃʊd hæv wərkt, bət məst hæv bɪn blɑkt baɪ ən ənˈsin bləd klɑt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən tɪ kəˈnɛkt ðə bləd ˈvɛsəlz əv ðə tu ræts. ˈivɪn ðoʊ ɪt naʊ simz klɪr ðət ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn ðə bləd dɪz ˈɪnfluəns ðə dɪˈspleɪ əv məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər, wi du nɑt ɛz jɛt hæv ə 'ˈrɛsəpi' əv ɪgˈzæktli wət ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz tɪ ˌɪnˈʤɛkt tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ ðɪs. bət ˈrisərʧərz ər ˈgɪtɪŋ kloʊz tɪ ə səˈluʃən əv ðə ˈpəzəl. ðə ʤɛˈsteɪʃən ˈpɪriəd əv ðə ræt kən bi dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntu 3 one-week*, trimesters*. ɪn traɪˈmɛstər 1 ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈnəθɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə ˈfiˌmeɪlz bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈdʊrɪŋ traɪˈmɛstər 2 ʃi bɪˈkəmz ə bɪt lɛs ˈæktɪv, ənd stɑrts ˈgeɪnɪŋ weɪt. ˈdʊrɪŋ traɪˈmɛstər 3 ʃi bɪˈkəmz mɔr ləˈθɑrʤɪk, dɪˈvɛləps hər ˈmæməri ˈtɪʃu, geɪnz weɪt ənd, əˈbaʊt deɪ bɪldz ə nɛst ɪf ʃi həz ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ bɪld wɪθ, ənd ðə rum ɪz nɑt tu hɑt. ʤɪst praɪər tɪ, ʃi kən bi sin ˈstrɛʧɪŋ aʊt hər haɪnd lɛgz, ənd fʊl ˈbɑdi. fər dɪˈlɪvəri əv ðə fərst pəp, ʃi sɪts ɔn hər haunches*, bɛndz ˈfɔrwərd bɪtˈwin hər haɪnd lɛgz, ənd lɪks hər vəˈʤaɪnəl ˈɛriə. ɛz ðə pəp ˈimərʤɪz, ʃi əˈsɪsts ðə bərθ baɪ ˈpʊlɪŋ wɪθ hər pɔz ənd tiθ. ˈæftər ɪt ɪz bɔrn, ʃi ˈstrɛʧɪz ðə kɔrd bɪtˈwin ðə pləˈsɛntə ənd pəp, ənd ˈiðər breɪks ɪt ər baɪts ɪt lus, ðɛn its ðə pləˈsɛntə. ʃi strɪps ðə pəp əv ɪts ˈfitəl ˈmɛmˌbreɪnz, ənd lɪks ɪt. ʃi ˈjuʒəwəli livz ɪt wɛˈrɛvər ɪt wɑz bɔrn, ənd prəˈsidz tɪ dɪˈlɪvər 2 ðɛn ər soʊ. ðɛn ʃi bɪˈgɪnz riˈtrivɪŋ ðɛm wən baɪ wən tɪ hər nɛst, wɪθ ə fʊl ˈbɑdi ˈkɛri, wɪˈθaʊt ˈkətɪŋ ðɛm wɪθ hər tiθ. wɪn ʃi həz ɔl ɪn ðə nɛst, ʃi goʊz ˈɪntu ə ˈnərsɪŋ kraʊʧ ˈoʊvər ðɛm, soʊ ðeɪ kən faɪnd ə ˈnɪpəl, ənd ˈsəkəl. ðə pəps ər ˈvɛri, bət kən faɪnd ə ˈnɪpəl, əˈtæʧ, ənd it. ʃi spɛnz kwaɪt ə bɪt əv taɪm ɪn ðə nɛst wɪθ ðɛm, ˈkipɪŋ ðɛm wɔrm, ɛz ðeɪ ˈkænɑt kənˈtroʊl ðɛr oʊn ˈtɛmpərəʧər. fər ðə fərst wik ər soʊ ðə ˈməðər məst lɪk ðə pəps ˈæbdəmən ənd ˈeɪnəl ənd ˈjərəˌnɛri ˈɛriəz, tɪ ˈsɪmjəˌleɪt ənd urination*; ɛls ðə pəps wɪl ˌɪmˈpækt ənd daɪ. ˈdʊrɪŋ wik 2 ðə pəps' aɪz ˈoʊpən, ðɛr fər bɪˈkəmz ˈɛvədənt, ənd ðeɪ stɑrt tɪ muv əraʊnd. ɛz ðeɪ liv ðə nɛst, ðə ˈməðər rɪˈtrivz ðɛm bæk. ʃi ˈvɛri ˈgræʤuəli gɪvz əp ɔn riˈtrivɪŋ ðɛm bæk, wɪn ðeɪ bɪˈkəm tu ˈæktɪv fər hər tɪ səkˈsid ɪn ˈkipɪŋ ðɛm ɪn ðə nɛst. ˈdʊrɪŋ wiks 3 ənd 4 ðə pəps ˈgræʤuəli geɪn ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ rən ənd klaɪm, ənd tɪ it ˈsɑləd fud. ˈsəmˌtaɪm ˈdʊrɪŋ wik 3 ər 4 ðə ˈməðər ðɛm, baɪ rɪfˈjuzɪŋ ðɛm ˈækˌsɛs tɪ hər ˈnɪpəlz. ðɪs meɪ ər meɪ nɑt bi hər riˈækʃən tɪ ðɛr dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ tiθ. ðɪs ˈspiʃiz həz ɪkˈstrimli jəŋ. ðeɪ əˈpɪr ˌəndərdɪˈvɛləpt wɪn bɔrn, ənd hæv ˈvɛri fju ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz. ðə ˈməðər ˈfərnɪʃɪz ˈhɛvi səˈpɔrt fər ðɛm ɛls ðeɪ wʊd daɪ. ɪn ðə læb ræt, ðə saɪər ɪz nɑt məʧ hɛlp, ənd meɪ ˈivɪn bi ə ˈdeɪnʤər tɪ ðə pəps. ðə ˈməðər wɪl dɪˈfɛnd hər nɛst əˈgɛnst ˈstreɪnʤərz ənd, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, əˈgɛnst ðə saɪər. məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər əv ðə ræt (cont'd*) ənd kəmˈpɛrəsənz wɪθ ðə læb domesticus*: saɪər dæm pəps ɪn ðə leɪt ənd ˈərli ˈɔskər ˈrɪdəl ənd ˈkɑligz ˈpəblɪʃt ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈstədiz rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ðət proʊˈlæktən wɑz "ðə" məˈtərnəl ˈhɔrˌmoʊn, beɪst ɔn ðɛr rɪˈzəlts wɪθ ðə læb ræt. ðɪs əˈsərʃən wɑz ðɛn pɪkt əp baɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv saɪk ˈtɛkstˌbʊks. -bət ɪt eɪnt soʊ ˈsɪmpəl! ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpipəl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ mi, hæv traɪd tɪ ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt ðɪs wərk, bət kʊd nɑt. ɪt simz ˈlaɪkli ðət proʊˈlæktən meɪ hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ðə dɪˈspleɪ əv məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər, bət ˈsɪmpəl ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃənz əv proʊˈlæktən tɪ ə ˈvərʤɪn ræt wɪl nɑt du ɪt. ɪn ðə ˈɔlsoʊ, ˈwiznər ənd ʃɪrd ˈpəblɪʃt ə bʊk ɛnˈtaɪtəld "ðə məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər əv ðə ˈlæbrəˌtɔri ræt." ðɛr dɪˈskrɪpʃənz ər stɪl ˈækjərət ənd ˈjusfəl. ðeɪ dɪˈskraɪb ə tɛkˈnik əv ˌɪnˈdusɪŋ məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər ɪn ðə ræt, ə tɛkˈnik ðeɪ geɪv ðə ɑd neɪm əv. ˈbeɪsɪkli ɪt kənˈsɪsts əv ˈpleɪsɪŋ ræt pəps ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt wɪθ ə tɛst ˈænəməl, ənd ðɛn rɪˈtərnɪŋ ðə pəps tɪ ðɛr ˈməðər ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ, soʊ ðeɪ kən it. fər moʊst ræts, 7 deɪz əv wɪl brɪŋ ðɛm ˈɪntu məˈtərnəl steɪt. meɪlz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz teɪk ə ˈlɪtəl ˈlɔŋgər. ˈvərʤɪn ˈfiˌmeɪlz kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˌɪnˈdust tɪ bɪˈgɪn wɪθ ðɪs tɛkˈnik. ðɛr hæv bɪn rɪˈpɔrts əv ˌɪnˈdəkʃən əv lækˈteɪʃən ɪn meɪlz, tu. ðə meɪn juz əv naʊ ɪz tɪ ˈmɛʒər ðə 'məˈtərnəl ˈtɛndənsi' əv ə ræt, sɪns wɪˈθaʊt, ðə ˈmɛʒərmənt ɪz ˈiðər jɛs ər noʊ, fər riˈtrivɪŋ əv pəps. ˈjuzɪŋ, ə ˈrisərʧər kən traɪ ə ˈhɔrˌmoʊn ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃən ˈrɛʤəmən, ənd ðɛn si ɪf ðə ˈpɪriəd həz bɪn rɪˈdust ər nɑt. ˈkərəntli, ðɛr ər ˈhɔrˌmoʊn ˈrɛʤəmənz ðət kən rɪˈdus ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt tɪ 1 ər 2 deɪz, bət nən tɪ maɪ ˈnɑlɪʤ ðət kən rɪˈdus tɪ 0 (i.e*., ˌɪˈmiˌdiət riˈtrivɪŋ). ˈroʊzənˌblæt, ˈbrɪʤɪz, ənd ˈkɑligz hæv ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈtərmənd ðət ˈsɛkʃən əv ˈprɛgnənt ræts wɪl ˈheɪsən ðə ˈɔnˌsɛt əv məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjərz, ɛz ˈmɛʒərd baɪ ðə rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ˈæftər əˈbaʊt deɪ 10 əv ˈprɛgnənsi, ðə rɪˈmuvəl əv ðə pəps baɪ wɪl rɪˈdus ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt tɪ dɪˈspleɪ. ðɪs rɪˈdəkʃən həz bɪn tərmd ðə ˈprɛgnənsi tərməˈneɪʃən ˈifɛkt. ɪt meɪ bi du tɪ ðə riˈlis əv ˈprɛʃər, ər tɪ ðə rɪˈmuvəl əv ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz, ər ˈivɪn tɪ ðə strɛs əv ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən. ðə læb maʊs ɪz ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðət əv ðə ræt, ðoʊ ðɛr ʤɛˈsteɪʃən ˈpɪriəd ɪz əˈbaʊt 1 deɪ ˈʃɔrtər 21 deɪz). ɪn ðə læb maʊs, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə meɪl (ˈfɑðər, ˈjuʒəwəli) ɪz ˈjusfəl ɪn ðət hi wɪl sɪt ɪn ðə nɛst ənd kip ðə pəps wɔrm. hi əv kɔrs ˈkænɑt fid ðɛm mɪlk (meɪl maɪs du nɑt hæv ˈivɪn vəˈstɪʤiəl ˈnɪpəlz). moʊst əv ðə ˈrisərʧ ɔn həz juzd ˈiðər ðə ræt ər ðə maʊs. ðɪs meɪ hæv bɪn ə mɪˈsteɪk, ɛz ðiz ˈspiʃiz ər nɑt ˈrɪli ˈvɛri ˈtɪpɪkəl əv ˈmæməlz ɪn ðət ðeɪ boʊθ hæv ə ˈvɛri ʃɔrt ˈɛstrəs ˈsaɪkəl, ˈskɪpɪŋ ðə feɪz ənˈlɛs ˈmeɪtɪŋ həz əˈkərd. bət wi wɪl si. ɪf ˈsəmˌwən kən dɪˈvaɪz ə ˈhɔrˌmoʊn ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃən ˈrɛʤəmən ðət kən ki ɔf ɪn ə ˈfɛrli ʃɔrt taɪm, ðət ˈrɛʤəmən ər ə ˈsɪmələr wən meɪ bi faʊnd tɪ ˈɪnfluəns ɪn ˈəðər ˈmæməlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈpipəl. məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər əv ðə dəˈmɛstəˌkeɪtəd ˈræbɪt cuniculus*: bək doʊ kɪts ˈstudənt ˈlɛkʧərərz: ˈkɛlsi ˈhɑrtmən maɪk klæp ðə doʊ ˈpjubərti ɪz æt əˈbaʊt 8 mənθs, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈræbɪt ˈbridərz ədˈvaɪz nɑt ˈbridɪŋ hər ənˈtɪl 1 jɪr. hər ˈɛstrəs ˈsaɪkəl ɪz hɑrd tɪ dɪˈsərn, ɛz ʃi ɪz ən ˌɪnˈdust ʃi dɪz nɑt ənˈtɪl ˈæftər ˈsɛkʃuəl ɪkˈsaɪtmənt səʧ ɛz ˈbridɪŋ baɪ ə bək ˈræbɪt, ər biɪŋ ˈmaʊnɪd baɪ əˈnəðər ˈfiˌmeɪl. ðɪs ɪkˈsaɪtmənt rɪˈzəlts ɪn ə sərʤ əv wɪʧ məˈʧʊrz ðə ˈoʊvə ɪn əˈbaʊt 10 aʊərz, ənd ðɛn ʃi ovulates*, prɪˈzuməbli ˈæftər ə sərʤ əv lh*. hər ʤɛˈsteɪʃən ˈpɪriəd ɪz əˈbaʊt deɪz. ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl ʧeɪnʤ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə traɪˈmɛstər; səm weɪt geɪn ɪn ðə 2d*, mɔr weɪt geɪn ɪn ðə, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ nɪr tərm æt əˈbaʊt deɪ ʃi wɪl bɪld ə nɛst ɪn ə bəroʊ wɪθ græs ənd twɪgz, ənd ðɛn laɪn ɪt wɪθ hər ˈbɑdi hɛr. fər əˈbaʊt ə deɪ, nɪr tərm, hər ˈbɛli hɛr ˈlusənz. ʃi ðɛn pʊlz ɪt aʊt wɪθ hər tiθ, ənd laɪnz hər nɛst wɪθ ɪt. ðə doʊ ˈjuʒəwəli həz hər kɪts ɪn ðə nɛst. ɪf ʃi 'scatters*' ðɛm, ər its ðɛm, ðɪs ɪz ə saɪn əv bæd məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər. "ˈskætərd' kɪts ˈjuʒəwəli du nɑt sərˈvaɪv, ɛz ðə ˈməðər dɪz nɑt rɪˈtriv. ðə doʊ ˈtɪpɪkəli ˈnərsɪz hər kɪts ˈoʊnli wəns pər deɪ. ðɪs meɪ bi tɪ ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz ðə ˈdeɪnʤər əv ˈprɛdətərz ˈfaɪndɪŋ hər ənd ðɛm. ðə kɪts ər (blaɪnd, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.), bət nɑt kwaɪt soʊ ɛz ræt ənd maʊs pəps. ðɛr aɪz ˈoʊpən æt əˈbaʊt 2 wiks. ðə doʊ meɪ nərs ðɛm fər wiks. ˈdʊrɪŋ moʊst əv hər lækˈteɪʃən ˈpɪriəd ʃi ɪz ˈvɛri prəˈtɛktɪv əv ðə nɛst ənd kɪts, ənd wɪl θˈrɛtən ənd baɪt ˌɪnˈtrudərz. ɪf ðə doʊ ɪz ˈsɛkʃuəli ɪkˈsaɪtɪd baɪ ə ˈfiˌmeɪl maʊnt ər ðət əv ə bək, ʃi wɪl ˈjuʒəwəli goʊ ˈɪntu fər 30 deɪz ər soʊ əˈbaʊt ðə seɪm taɪm ðət ril ˈprɛgnənsi wʊd hæv ˈlæstɪd. ðə doʊ ˈɔfən həz ə ˈɛstrəs, ənd meɪ brid əˈgɛn ɪf ðə bək ɪz ˈprɛzənt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ʃi ɪz ˈnərsɪŋ ˈlɪtər 1 ʃi wɪl ˈjuʒəwəli ˈlɪtər 2 æt əˈbaʊt deɪ 10 əv ðɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ɪf ʃi ˈluzɪz ˈlɪtər 1 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ənd ɪz nɑt ˈnərsɪŋ, ʃi wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈkɛri ˈlɪtər 2 tɪ tərm. ˈræbəts ər ɪn ɪkˈstɛnsɪv juz ɪn ˈrisərʧ. dɪˈspaɪt ˈmɛni traɪz wi du nɑt ɛz jɛt hæv ə 'ˈrɛsəpi' əv ˈhɔrˌmoʊn ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃənz ðət wɪl rɪˈlaɪəbli ɪˈlɪsɪt məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, səkˈwɛnʃəl ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃənz əv ˈɛstrəʤən, proʊˈʤɛstərˌoʊn, ðɛn proʊˈlæktən (ˈmɪmɪkɪŋ ˈlɛvəlz ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈnɔrməl ˈprɛgnənsi) wɪl brɪŋ moʊst dɪz ˈɪntu lækˈteɪʃən; ɪt ˈsəmˌtaɪmz səkˈsidz ɪn ˈkɔzɪŋ bəks tɪ ˈlækteɪt, ɛz wɛl. ˈræbəts ər ˈɔfən juzd tɪ ˈproʊdus ˈænɪˌbɑdiz fər ˈrisərʧ ənd fər ˈmɛdɪkəl juz, ɛz ðeɪ ər lɑrʤ ənd ˈproʊdus gʊd kˈwɑntətiz. sɪns ˈræbəts du nɑt rɪˈtriv, ðɪs ˈkænɑt bi juzd ɛz ən ˈɪndɛks əv ðɛr məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðə ˈtɪpɪkəl rɪˈspɑns juzd ɪz ðə ˈprɛzəns ər ˈæbsəns əv ə nɛst. wɪn ə doʊ laɪnz hər nɛst wɪθ hɛr, ðɪs ɪz ə gʊd ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər ðət ʃi ɪz ɪn məˈtərnəl kənˈdɪʃən, ənd wɪl teɪk gʊd kɛr əv kɪts (ˈnərsɪŋ; ˈlɪtəl ˌkænəbəlɪˈzeɪʃən; ˈlɪtəl ˈskætərɪŋ). məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər ɪn ðə dəˈmɛstəˌkeɪtəd ʃip, ˈɛriz: ræm ju læmz ˈstudənt ˈlɛkʧərərz: ˈlɔrə ˈhɑʤkɪnz ˈɔtəm væn kərk ðə ju ˈəndərˌgoʊz ˈpjubərti æt əˈbaʊt 9 mənθs, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ʃip ˈhərdərz ˈjuʒəwəli prɪˈfər tɪ dɪˈleɪ ˈbridɪŋ ənˈtɪl ʃi ɪz 12 mənθs ər mɔr. ʃi həz ə deɪ ˈɛstrəs ˈsaɪkəl, ənd ɪz sɛd tɪ bi 'ˈsizənəli polyestrous*' ɪn ðət hər ˈsaɪkəlz əˈkər ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər θru dɪˈsɛmbər. ðə ræm ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsəmˈwət ˈsizənəl ɪn hɪz ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪntərɪsts. təˈwɔrd ðə ɛnd əv ʤɛˈsteɪʃən, ðə ju tɛndz tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt frəm ðə flɑk ˈsəmˈwət, ənd faɪnd ə sɪˈkludɪd pleɪs fər ðə bərθ. ɪn dəˈmɛstɪk ʃip, 'ˈlæmɪŋ ʃɛdz' ər ˈɔfən prəˈvaɪdɪd soʊ ðət ðə kən bi əˈloʊn wɪθ hər læm wɪn ɪt ɪz bɔrn. ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ju ɪz sin tɪ bi ˈrɛstləs, ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz grənts ˈɔfən. ʃi laɪz daʊn fər ðə bərθ wɪʧ teɪks əˈbaʊt 30 mɪn. ʃi meɪ hæv 1 2 ər 3 læmz --ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmˈwət dɪˈpɛndənt əˈpɑn ðə reɪs ər brid əv ʃip. ˈæftər ðə bərθ ʃi its ðə pləˈsɛntə ənd lɪks ðə læm draɪ. ðɪs ˈpɪriəd ɪz ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ðə bɑnd. ɪf ˈlɪkɪŋ əv ðə læm ɪz dɪˈnaɪd ðə ˈməðər, ʃi meɪ nɑt wɔnt ðə læm wɪn ɪt ɪz ˈɔfərd tɪ hər ˈleɪtər. ðə læm ɪz prɪˈkoʊʃəs, ənd sun stændz ənd faɪndz ɪts ˈməðərz fər ɪts fərst mil. ɪf ðə læm ɪz riˈmuvd frəm ðə ˈməðər fər mɔr ðən ə fju aʊərz, ʃi meɪ nɑt əkˈsɛpt ɪt bæk. ɪf ʃi həz hæd ˈsɛvərəl aʊərz əˈloʊn wɪθ ðə læm, ʤɪst ˈæftər bərθ, ðə bɑnd simz ˈstrɔŋgər, ənd ˈeɪbəl tɪ wɪθˈstænd ˈlɔŋgər ˈæbsənsɪz. ðə pɛr ər grup steɪ ɪn kloʊz prɑkˈsɪməti fər ˈsɛvərəl mənθs, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðeɪ ˈgræʤuəli riˈʤɔɪn ðə hərd. ðə læm ˈjuʒəwəli ˈfɑloʊz ɪt ˈməðər, ˈnərsɪŋ frəm taɪm tɪ taɪm. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə læm wɪl traɪ tɪ ˈsəkəl frəm ˈəðər juz, hu ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət ɪt ɪz nɑt ðɛrz, ənd bət ɪt əˈweɪ. ɪt ɪz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ər dɪˈzaɪərd tɪ hæv ə ju əˈdɑpt ə læm ðət ɪt nɑt hər oʊn. ˈmɛni ˈstrætəʤiz hæv bɪn dɪˈvaɪzd tɪ hɛlp ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs, səʧ ɛz ˈdreɪpɪŋ ðə əˈdɑpˈti wɪθ ˈfitəl ˈmɛmˌbreɪnz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. nən wɑz ˈvɛri səkˈsɛsfəl. ənd ˈkɑligz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, dɪˈskəvərd ðət vəˈʤaɪnəl ˌstɪmjəˈleɪʃən əv ðə ju praɪər tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv ðə əˈdɑpˈti læm wʊd rɪˈzəlt ɪn əˈdɑpʃən baɪ ðə ju moʊst əv ðə taɪm. ðə vəˈʤaɪnəl ˈvaɪbreɪtər ˈkɔzɪz ə riˈlis əv ˌɑksəˈtoʊsən, wɪʧ məst fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ðə əˈdɑpʃən. læmz kən greɪz wɪˈθɪn ə fju wiks əv bərθ, ənd ər ˈjuʒəwəli wind bɪtˈwin 3 ənd 6 mənθs. məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər ɪn ðə ˌwaɪˈoʊmɪŋ ɛlk,: bək doʊ fɔn, ər stæg kaʊ kæf ˈstudənt ˈlɛkʧərərz: ˈɛrɪn ˈzəmwəlt, ˈhɪləri ˈæftər ˈpjubərti æt 2 ər 3 jɪrz, ðə doʊ ɛlk bridz ənd həz ən 8 mənθ ʤɛˈsteɪʃən ˈpɪriəd. praɪər tɪ, ʃi draɪvz əˈweɪ hər ˈjɪlɪŋ fɔn baɪ θrɛts ənd bəts. ʃi dɪˈlɪvərz ðə fɔn waɪl ˈstændɪŋ, ənd ðɛn tərnz, its ðə pləˈsɛntə ənd lɪks ðə fɔn soʊ ɪt wɪl stænd. wɪn ɪt stændz, ʃi pəˈzɪʃənz hərˈsɛlf soʊ ɪt həz ˈizi ˈækˌsɛs tɪ hər, fər ɪts fərst, mil. ɪf ɪt ˈkænɑt stænd ənd riʧ ðə, ɪt wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli daɪ. ˈæftər ɪts mil, ðə doʊ ˈpʊʃɪz ɪt daʊn wɪθ hər hɛd, tɪ haɪd ɪt ɪn ðə ˈbʊʃəz. ðə fɔn həz ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl ˈoʊdər, ənd rɪˈmeɪnz ˈvɛri stɪl tɪ əˈvɔɪd drɔɪŋ ðə əˈtɛnʃən əv ˈprɛdətərz. ðə doʊ ðɛn riˈʤɔɪnz ðə hərd tɪ greɪz. ʃi rɪˈtərnz frəm taɪm tɪ taɪm tɪ ʧɛk ɔn ðə fɔn ənd tɪ fid. ɪt. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ɛlk ˈməðərz wɪl 'pleɪ nərs' ənd ʧɛk ɔn iʧ ˈəðərz. ðə doʊ rɪˈtərnz tɪ ðə fɔn ɪn ðə ˈivnɪŋ, ənd spɛnz ðə naɪt wɪθ ɪt ər ðɛm. ˈæftər ðə fərst fju deɪz, ðə doʊ bɪˈgɪnz tɪ ˈɪnəˌgreɪt ðə fɔn ˈɪntu ðə hərd, wɛr ɪt sun bɪˈgɪnz tɪ pleɪ rəʃ ənd flaɪt, ənd ˈwɔtər geɪmz wɪθ ˈəðər ˈjəŋstərz. ðə ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpræktɪs ˈmaʊntɪŋ iʧ ˈəðər. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs feɪz ðeɪ sim tɪ lərn səm əv ðə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ˈsɪgnəlz ɪn ðə hərd, səʧ ɛz ðə ˈminɪŋ əv ðə 'haɪ stɛp' ˈwɔrnɪŋ geɪt, ənd ðə ˈfrizɪŋ ˈpɑsʧər. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə doʊ (kaʊ) wɪl ʤɔɪn ər ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪt geɪmz wɪθ ðə fɔn (kæf). wɪn ðə hərd ˈmaɪˌgreɪts ɪt məst krɔs strimz ənd ˈrɪvərz. ðə ˈərli ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən tɪ ˈwɔtər simz tɪ hɛlp ðə fɔn əˈvɔɪd fɪr əv ðiz ˈkrɔsɪŋz. ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈkrɔsɪŋz, ðə ˈməðər ˈpleɪsɪz ðə ˈɔfˌsprɪŋ ˈəpˈstrim frəm hər, soʊ ʃi kən hɛlp hoʊld ɪt frəm biɪŋ wɑʃt əˈweɪ baɪ strɔŋ kərənts, ɛz ðeɪ swɪm əˈkrɔs. ðə bɑnd meɪ sim tɪ bi ˈbroʊkən wɪn ðə ˈməðər ˈʧeɪsɪz əˈweɪ hər ˈjɪlɪŋ ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ðə nɛkst ˈbridɪŋ ˈsizən. bət, kaʊz hæv bɪn noʊ tɪ 're-adopt*' ðɛr ˈjɪlɪŋ (hu ɪz ˈnɪrli ɛz bɪg ɛz ðə ˈməðər), ənd lɛt ɪt nərs əˈgɛn, ˈæftər ðə ˈbridɪŋ ˈsizən. ˈɔlsoʊ, ðɛr ər ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz ðət ðə pɛr rɪˈmeɪn ˈbɑndɪd fər məʧ əv ðɛr laɪf. pərˈɛntəl bɪˈheɪvjərz ɪn ðə bəˈbun,: meɪl ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈɪnfənt ˈstudənt ˈlɛkʧərərz: dæn ˈbərki ʤɪl ˈrɪdli bəˈbunz goʊ θru ˈpjubərti æt əˈbaʊt 3 jɪrz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə meɪlz məst weɪt fər ˈsɛvərəl mɔr jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ ər lɑrʤ ɪˈnəf tɪ əˈʧiv ɪˈnəf ˈdɑmənəns ˈstætəs tɪ meɪt. ðə ˈfiˌmeɪlz ʤɛˈsteɪʃən ˈpɪriəd ɪz əˈbaʊt 6 mənθs. ʃi ˈjuʒəwəli dɪˈlɪvərz æt naɪt, wɪn ðə trup ɪz ˈsteɪʃəˌnɛri, ɪn ðə triz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə fju deɪ dɪˈlɪvəriz hæv bɪn əbˈzərvd; ʃi əˈsumz ə skˈwɑtɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən, ənd hɛlps ðə dɪˈlɪvəri baɪ ˈpʊlɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈɪnfənt wɪθ hər hænz. ʃi ðɛn kəts ðə əmˈbɪlɪkəl kɔrd, its ðə pləˈsɛntə, klinz ðə ˈɪnfənt, ənd pʊts ɪt tɪ brɛst. ðə ˈɪnfənt rɪˈmeɪnz ɪn ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈkɑnstənt ˈbɑdi ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ɪts ˈməðər fər ə ˈpɪriəd əv mənθs. ðə ˈɪnfənt ɪz, bət ɪts aɪz ər ˈoʊpən, ənd ɪt kən grɪp ˈɔntu ɪts ˈməðərz ənd hæŋ ɔn ɛz ʃi wɔks. ɪf ðə trup muvz fər ə lɔŋ ˈpɪriəd, ðə ˈɪnfənt meɪ taɪər, ənd drɔp ɪts haɪnd lɛgz. ɪf ðə ˈməðər kən du soʊ ənd nɑt luz ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðə trup, ʃi wɪl stɑp ənd hoʊld ðə ˈɪnfənt ɪn hər ɑrmz ə waɪl tɪ lɛt ɪt rɛst. ɪf ʃi məst kip ˈmuvɪŋ, ʃi wɪl swip ðə ˈɪnfənt bæk tɪ hər wɪθ wən ɑrm, ənd meɪ ˈivɪn hɛlp hoʊld ɪt ðɛr ɪz ɪt ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. ə ˈməðər wɪθ ə nu ˈɪnfənt ˈifɛktɪvli goʊz tɪ ðə tɔp əv ðə hip ɪn ræŋk, ənd steɪz ɪn ðə ˈsɛnər, moʊst prəˈtɛktɪd ˈɛriə əv ðə trup. ðə trup ˈmɛmbərz ər ɪkˈstrimli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ðə ˈɪnfənt, ənd traɪ tɪ gɪt ðə ˈməðər tɪ lɛt ðɛm hoʊld ɪt. ʃi ˈjuʒəwəli rɪfˈjuzɪz, ɪkˈsɛpt tɪ ˈdɑmənənt meɪlz. ɪf ə ˈdɑmənənt meɪl teɪks ðə ˈɪnfənt hi ˈjuʒəwəli ɪgˈzæmənz ɪt ˈkloʊsli, ənd ðɛn gɪvz ɪt bæk wɪˈθaʊt hɑrm. bət ðɪs ɪz ə trɔˈmætɪk ˌɪnərˈækʃən fər ðə ˈməðər. loʊ ˈræŋkɪŋ ˈfiˌmeɪlz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz gɪv əp ðɛr ˈɪnfənts ˈbrifli tɪ ˈəðər, haɪər ˈræŋkɪŋ ˈfiˌmeɪlz. ðə ˈməðər kips ðə ˈɪnfənt ɪn hər ɑrmz ɛz ʃi slips ɪn ə tri. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kɔrs əv ðə fərst fju mənθs ðə traɪ tɪ ɪnˈtaɪs ðə ˈɪnfənt əˈweɪ frəm ɪts ˈməðər, tɪ pleɪ. ðə ˈɪnfənt ˈvɛri ˈtɛntətɪvli wɪl traɪ ðɪs, ənd ðɛn rən bæk tɪ ɪts ˈməðər. ðə ər ˈvɛri ˈʤɛnəl wɪθ ɪt, bət ɪf ɪt kraɪz ðə ˈməðər ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˌɪntərˈvinz. ə bɪt ˈleɪtər, wɪn ðə ˈɪnfənt ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli pleɪɪŋ wɪθ ðə, ə kraɪ frəm ɪt wɪl kˈwɪkli brɪŋ ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən frəm ðə ˈnɪrəst ˈædəlt meɪl, tu. ˈæftər əˈbaʊt 3 mənθs, ðə ˈɪnfənt wɪl traɪ tɪ raɪd ɔn ɪts ˈməðərz bæk. æt fərst ɪt laɪz, ˈkrɔsˌwaɪz. ðɛn ɪt laɪnz əp, bət stɪl raɪdz, feɪs daʊn. ˈgræʤuəli ɛz ɪt geɪnz strɛŋθ ənd ˈbæləns, ɪt wɪl sɪt əp, ˈʤɑki pəˈzɪʃən. wɪn ɪt ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ raɪd, ðɪs meɪks θɪŋz məʧ ˈiziər fər ɪts ˈməðər, ɛz waɪl ɪt ɪz ˈhæŋɪŋ bɪˈniθ ɪt meɪks ˈwɔkɪŋ ənd ˈrənɪŋ məʧ ˈhɑrdər fər hər. ðə ˈɪnfənt meɪ nərs fər mənθs ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈməðər ɪt. ɪt həz bɪn ˈitɪŋ səm ˈsɑləd fud lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt ɪz wind. ɛz ɪt gɪts ˈoʊldər, ɪt laɪks tɪ pleɪ ɔn ðə ˈædəlt meɪlz, hu ər ɪkˈstrimli ˈtɑlərənt əv ɪt, ˈlɛtɪŋ ɪt klaɪm ənd sɪt ɔn ðɛr hɛd, poʊk æt aɪz, pʊl fər, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ðə meɪlz ˈsɛldəm sim tɪ ˈdɪsəplən ɪt, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈməðər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz wɪl gɪv ɪt ə pʊʃ, mɑk baɪt, ər hoʊld ɪt daʊn, fər ˈdɪsəplən. ˈdʊrɪŋ hər ˈpɪriəd, ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl skɪps ˈsaɪkəlz. ðə ˈhɔrˌmoʊn ˈbæləns ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər ˈkɑnstənt lækˈteɪʃən sim tɪ ɪgˈzərt ən ˈifɛkt ɔn hər pɪˈtuɪˌtɛri tɪ dɪˈleɪ ənˈtɪl ˈæftər lækˈteɪʃən ɪz ˈoʊvər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ʃi ˈluzɪz ðə ˈɪnfənt, hər mɪlk wɪl draɪ əp, ənd ʃi wɪl bɪˈgɪn ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ əˈgɛn. pərˈɛntəl bɪˈheɪvjər ɪn ˈjumənz, ˈhoʊmoʊ ˈseɪpiənz ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈɪnfənt, ər ˈfɑðər ˈməðər ˈbeɪbi ˈpjubərti ɪn ˈjumənz əˈkərz əraʊnd ɪn ˈfiˌmeɪlz, ənd əraʊnd fər meɪlz. ʤɛˈsteɪʃən ˈævrɪʤɪz əˈbaʊt 10 ˈlunər mənθs, i.e*., 280 deɪz. ðə ˈjumən ˈɪnfənt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ, mɔr soʊ ðən ðə bəˈbun, bət lɛs soʊ ðən ðə ræt ər maʊs. ɪt teɪks əˈbaʊt 6 mənθs fər ðə ˈjumən ˈbeɪbi tɪ gɪt tɪ ðə dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛnəl steɪʤ sin ɪn ˈnubɔrn bəˈbunz, ənd ðə bəˈbun ˈɪnfənt məˈʧʊrz məʧ ˈfæstər ðən dɪz ðə ˈjumən. ˈɪnfənt kɛr ɪz ˈrɛləˌgeɪtɪd ˈlɑrʤli tɪ ˈfiˌmeɪlz --ˈjuʒəwəli ðə ˈməðər ɪn moʊst səˈsaɪɪtiz. əv pərˈɛntəl kɛr ɪn ə ˈwɛstərn soʊˈsaɪɪti kənˈkludɪd ðət ðə ˈfɑðər kɛrz fər ðə ˈɪnfənt lɛs ðɛn 30 ˈmɪnəts ə deɪ ɔn ˈævərɪʤ, ˈlivɪŋ ðə rɛst əv ðə 24 aʊərz tɪ ðə ˈməðər. ðoʊ ˈkɑgnɪtɪv dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ˈjumənz ɪz səʧ ðət ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈɛni ˈpərsən kən kɛr fər ən ˈɪnfənt ˈfɛrli wɛl, ɪt dɪz sim tɪ mi ˈlaɪkli ðət ˈjumənz ˈɔlsoʊ gɪt səm ˈɪmpətəs frəm ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz tɪ ˌɪnˈkris məˈtərnəl rɪˈspɑnsɪvnəs. ə nu ˈməðər ɪz ɪkˈstrimli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn hər ˈbeɪbi, ˈvɛri prəˈtɛktɪv, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. mɛn ɔn ˈævərɪʤ ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd, bət ˈjuʒəwəli nɑt ɛz ˌɪnˈtɛntli ɛz ðə ˈməðər. ənd, wi kən lʊk æt ðɪs ˈɪʃu ɪn əˈnəðər weɪ: wɪn ə nu ˈməðər ɪz soʊ ˌeɪˈtɪpɪkəl ɛz tɪ θroʊ hər ˈbeɪbi ɪn ðə ˈdəmpstər ər ˈtɔɪlət, moʊst əv ˈjuˈɛs ər ʃɑkt æt ðɪs juʤ dɪˈpɑrʧər frəm ˈjuʒəwəl məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjər. ə ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃən əv kɔrs, ɪz ɑr ˈkɑgnɪtɪv dɪˈvɛləpmənt, wɪθ səm nu ˈməðərz ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðət ðeɪ ˈkænɑt səˈpɔrt ðə ˈbeɪbi, ər ˈivɪn dil wɪθ ɪt ɪn ðɛr ˈsoʊʃəl (pərˈhæps ˈtiˌneɪʤ, ənˈmɛrid) ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. soʊ ɪt ɪz hɑrd tɪ bi ʃʊr ˈwɛðər ðɛr həz bɪn ə ˈfeɪljər əv məˈtərnəl ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz wɪn ðə ˈbeɪbi ɪz kɪld ər θroʊn aʊt. ər ˈwɛðər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈprɛʃərz hæv ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmd wət wʊd hæv bɪn ə ˈnæʧərəl məˈtərnəl ˈtɛndənsi ɪn ðə ˈməðər. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli, ɛz ʃoʊn baɪ r.v*. ʃɔrt, ɪn səˈsaɪɪtiz wɛr ˈməðərz nərs ðɛr ˈbeɪbiz naɪt ənd deɪ fər 3 jɪrz ər soʊ, ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊ amenorrhea*, i.e*., noʊ ˈmɛnstrəl ˈsaɪkəlz ənˈtɪl ˈæftər ˈwinɪŋ. ðɪs simz tɪ bi ə ˈnæʧərəl weɪ əv ˈspeɪsɪŋ bərθs. ɪn moʊst ˈwɛstərn səˈsaɪɪtiz ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti əv ˈnərsɪŋ ɪz nɑt səˈfɪʃənt tɪ stɑp ˈsaɪkəlz, ənd ˈprɛgnənsi kən əˈkər əˈgɛn ˈdʊrɪŋ hər ˈnərsɪŋ ˈpɪriəd. ʃɔrt ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈskəs ˈmɛni əv ðə ædˈvæntɪʤɪz əv brɛst ˈfidɪŋ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈtrænsfər əv ˈnidɪd ˈænɪˌbɑdiz, lɛs ˌdaɪərˈiə (ə ˈprɪnsəpəl kɔz əv ˈɪnfənt mɔrˈtæləti), kənˈvinjəns, loʊ kɔst, ənd ˈbɑndɪŋ. ɛz wi noʊ, ˈmɛni ɪn ˈwɛstərn soʊˈsaɪɪti si ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ greɪt ˌɪnkənˈvinjəns fər ˈwərkɪŋ ˈməðərz, ənd kɑzˈmɛtɪk ˈʧeɪnʤɪz səʧ ɛz breast-shape*. ənd ˈmɛni ˈməðərz ˈkɑmbaɪn brɛst ənd ˈbɑtəl ˈfidɪŋ. ɛz wi noʊ, ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈjumən ˈʧɪldrən ɪz ə lɔŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs, wɪθ ˈsɪtɪŋ əp ənd ˈkrɔlɪŋ əˈbaʊt 6 mənθs, ˈwɔkɪŋ æt əˈbaʊt 12 mənθs, ˈtɔɪlət kənˈtroʊl baɪ 24 mənθs ˈjuʒəwəli, bət breɪn ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns groʊθ ənˈtɪl əˈbaʊt 16 jɪrz əv eɪʤ. ənd ˈivɪn ðɛn, ɑr ˈʧɪldrən ər nɑt kənˈsɪdərd ˈfʊli məˈʧʊr (ˈdraɪvərz ˈlaɪsəns 16 ˈvoʊtɪŋ 18 (ˈpriviəsli 21 ˈligəl ˈædəlt æt 21 ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ənd ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈæftər 21 ər stɪl 'ˈtreɪnɪŋ' i.e*., ɪn skul, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ðə bɑnd simz tɪ ˈlɛsən ˈsəmˈwət ɛz ðə ˈtiˌneɪʤ jɪrz goʊ baɪ, bət ɪn moʊst ˈkeɪsɪz ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli ˈsisɪz. ˈʤɛnərəl: wən klɪr ˈlɛsən ðət wi kən drɔ frəm ɑr ˈsərˌveɪ əv məˈtərnəl bɪˈheɪvjərz ɪz ðət ˈspiʃiz hæv ɪˈvɑlvd ɪn səʧ ə weɪ ðət ðə ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt dɪˈmændz əv ˈɔfˌsprɪŋ ɪn ˈdɪfərənt ˈspiʃiz ər mɛt ˈædəkwɪtli baɪ ə ˈpɛrənt -ˈɔfən ðə ˈməðər- ənd, ɛz ðə ˈɔfˌsprɪŋ məˈʧʊrz ənd əkˈwaɪərz mɔr ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz, ðə səˈpɔrt ˈgɪvɪn baɪ ɪts ˈpɛrənt ˈlɛsənz, ənˈtɪl ˈæftər məˈʧʊrəti ðə ˈɔfˌsprɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃənz ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli. ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ bɪˈheɪvjərz ˈstudənt ˈlɛkʧərərz: ʤin ˈhʊstɪs ˈkɛri moʊ wi juz ðə tərm, soʊ wi kən ˌɪnˈklud boʊθ əˈgrɛsɪv bɪˈheɪvjərz, ənd rɪˈspɑnsɪz səʧ ɛz səbˈmɪsɪv bɪˈheɪvjərz ənd ˈəðər bɪˈheɪvjərz ðət wi ənd ˈəðər ˈspiʃiz juz tɪ rɪˈspɑnd tɪ əˈgrɛʃən. kɛn mɔɪərz həz ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ˈlɪstɪd ˈkætəˌgɔriz əv əˈgrɛʃən, ɛz hi siz ɪt. əv kɔrs, hɪz lɪst ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ə bɪt frəm taɪm tɪ taɪm. hir ɪz wən əv ðə mɔɪər lɪsts: 1 ˈprɛdəˌtɔri əˈgrɛʃən (dɪz ðɪs sim laɪk ə taɪp əv əˈgrɛʃən?) 2 əˈgrɛʃən ɪn moʊst ˈspiʃiz, moʊst ˈoʊvərt əˈgrɛʃən ɪz baɪ meɪlz. 3 (ər fear-induced*) ɛz ɪn "ə ˈkɔrnərd ræt wɪl faɪt" 4 ˈɪrətəbəl ɛz ɪn ræt ɪkˈspɛrəmənts, tɪ ˈstɪmjəˌleɪt ˈfaɪtɪŋ 5 ˌtɛrɪˈtɔriəl dɪˈfɛns ɪn ˈmɛni ˈspiʃiz. boʊθ meɪl ənd ˈfiˌmeɪl ʃoʊ ðɪs 6 dɪˈfɛns əv jəŋ (məˈtərnəl əˈgrɛʃən) ˈjuʒəwəli baɪ ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl 7 ˌɪnstrəˈmɛnəl ˈjuʒəwəli ə ˈlərnɪd əˈgrɛʃən, ɛz ɪn læb ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt fər əv kɔrs, ˈəðər ər possbile*. bət wi wɪl wərk wɪθ ðə mɔɪər ˈkætəˌgɔriz, æt list æt fərst, ənd traɪ tɪ faɪnd ˈhɔrˌmoʊnəl ˈkɔrələts fər iʧ taɪp ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈpɑsəbəl rɪˈspɑns tɪ əˈgrɛʃən ˌbiˈsaɪdz ˈfaɪtɪŋ bæk. fliɪŋ ər æt list ˈlivɪŋ ɪz ə ˈkɑmən rɪˈspɑns. ðɛr ər ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈnəmbər əv səbˈmɪsɪv ˈpɑsʧərz ər ˈʤɛsʧərz ðət ər ˈsəmˈwət species-specific*. ɪn ˈjumənz, e.g*., wi hæv ˈmɛni səbˈmɪʃən ˈʤɛsʧərz, səʧ ɛz (ɪn ˈɔrdər əv əˈmaʊnt), boʊɪŋ ðə hɛd, boʊɪŋ frəm ðə weɪst, ˈnilɪŋ (ɛz ˌbiˈfɔr ə ˈmɑˌnɑrk, ər ɪn prɛr), ˈnilɪŋ wɪθ hɛd tɪ graʊnd, prɑˈstreɪʃən (əˈgɛn ɛz ˌbiˈfɔr səm ˈmɑˌnɑrks, ər pərˈhæps ə məŋk ɪn prɛr). ˈkɪsɪŋ kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsɪgnəl ə dɪˈgri əv səbˈmɪʃən, e.g*. ˈkɪsɪŋ ʧik (ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈikwəlz), ˈkɪsɪŋ hænd (səm səbˈmɪʃən, ɛz ˈʤɛnəlmən tɪ ˈleɪdi), ˈkɪsɪŋ ni (dip səbˈmɪʃən), ˈkɪsɪŋ fʊt ər graʊnd nɪr fʊt (ˈæbʤɛkt səbˈmɪʃən). ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈsɪgnəl ərˈɪʤənəli ðət ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz wər ˈfrɛndli, i.e*., noʊ ˈwɛpən ɪn hænd. ɪt ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈsɪgnəˌfaɪz ɪkˈwɑləti. ɪt ɪz juzd ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərˈɛntli ɪn ˈdɪfərənt ˈkəlʧərz, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪt ɪz rɛr ɪn fræns bɪtˈwin mæn ənd ˈwʊmən, hu wʊd prɑb. kɪs ʧiks ˌɪnˈstɛd. səˈlutɪŋ, ɛz ɪn ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɪz ə dɪˈrɛkt ˈsɪgnəl əv səbˈmɪʃən: ðə loʊər ˈræŋkɪŋ ˈpərsən ˈɔfərz ən ˌɪˈmiˌdiət hænd səˈlut tɪ ə haɪər ˈræŋkɪŋ ˈpərsən əv ˈɛni ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈsərvɪs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðoʊz əv ˈæˌlaɪd ˈkəntriz. ðə haɪər ˈræŋkɪŋ ðɛn ækˈnɑlɪʤɪz ðɛr ˈrɛlətɪv ˈstætəs, baɪ rɪˈtərnɪŋ ðə səˈlut. ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn səm əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɪnərˌʧeɪnʤɪz ðət meɪ ˌɪnˈklud səm θrɛt ər əˈgrɛʃən ər ðə ˈdɪstənsɪz ðət wi meɪnˈteɪn frəm ˈəðərz (ðiz ˈdɪfər, baɪ ˈkəlʧər ˈfərðər ɪn ˈjuˈɛs, ɔˈstreɪljə ənd ɛn. ˈjʊrəp; ˈkloʊzər ɪn ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən ˈkəntriz). ɪt ɪz nɑt ənˈkɑmən ðət ə briʧ əv 'ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈdɪstəns' ðət ɪz, ˈsəmˌwən kəmz ˈkloʊzər tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ðən ɑr 'ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈdɪstəns' rikˈwaɪərz, wi fil kwaɪt ənˈkəmfərtəbəl, ənd meɪ ˈivɪn si ðɪs kloʊz əˈproʊʧ ɛz θˈrɛtənɪŋ ər əˈgrɛsɪv. ɪn ˈwɛstərn səˈsaɪɪtiz, ˈævərɪʤ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈdɪstənsɪz ər ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk 2 tɪ 4 ft*. ʤɪst aʊt əv ɑrmz riʧ! ðɪs ˈprɑbəˌbli tɛlz ˈjuˈɛs ðət wi ər nɑt ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ tɪ bi təʧt, ənd ðət ˈtəʧɪŋ wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli bi riˈzɛnəd. jɛs, wi noʊ səm strɔŋ counter-examples*, prɛz. ˈklɪntən, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli, ɪt ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli kənˈsɪdərd ðət ðə ˈpərsən hu ˈɔfərz ə ˈʃoʊldər ɪmˈbreɪs ər səm səʧ təʧ ɪz biɪŋ ˈdɑmənənt, ənd ðə rɪˈsivər ɪz pʊt ɪn ə səˈbɔrdəˌneɪt pəˈzɪʃən. bət ðɛr ər ˈsərtənli ɪkˈsɛpʃənz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪt ɪz ˈjuʒəwəl tɪ ˈɔfər smɔl əv ɛnˈkərɪʤmənt tɪ ˈsəmˌwən hu həz bɪn hərt, waɪl ju ər ˈweɪtɪŋ fər hɛlp. ˈkəlʧərz ðət hæv ə ˈvɛri smɔl ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈdɪstəns ˈsəmˌtaɪmz seɪ ðət frɛndz ʃʊd bi kloʊz ɪˈnəf ɪn ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ðət ðeɪ kən smɛl iʧ ˈəðər. ənd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈfərðər ɪz kənˈsɪdərd cold-fish*. ˈnæʧərəli, ˈjuˈɛs, ɔˈstreɪljən, ɛn. ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpipəl ər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz kənˈsɪdərd koʊld baɪ ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən ˈpipəlz, wɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈpərsən kips ˈbækɪŋ ɔf tɪ ft*., ɛz ðə ˈəðər kips traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt wɪˈθɪn ˈdisənt ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənəl ˈdɪstəns seɪ 1 ft*.! ˈnoʊtɪs ðə ˈtrəbəl wi ər stɪl ˈhævɪŋ wɪθ: ərˈɪʤənəli, ðə səˈbɔrdəˌneɪt ˈɔfərd hɪz hænd, tɪ pruv ɪt wɑz ˈɛmti əv ˈwɛpənz. ˈgræʤuəli, ðə ˈɔfər keɪm tɪ bi meɪd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli, bət ɪt ɪz stɪl ˈɔkwərd. moʊst mɛn wɔʧ ˈkɛrfəli fər ə smɔl saɪn əv ən ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈhændˌʃeɪk, ənd ðɛn ˈræpədli rɪˈspɑnd soʊ ɪt simz ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəs (tɪ ʃoʊ ɪkˈwɑləti). ðɪs ɪz kəmˈpaʊndɪd baɪ ˈhændˌʃeɪks bɪtˈwin mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən. ərˈɪʤənəli, ðə ˈwʊmən ˈɔfərd hər hænd tɪ bi kɪst. ə ˈʤɛnəlmən rɪˈspɑndɪd baɪ ˈkɪsɪŋ ðə hænd (ʃoʊɪŋ maɪld səˌbɔrdəˈneɪʃən ɛz ə ˈkərtəsi). naʊ ðət ˈɔfərɪŋ ə hænd fər ˈkɪsɪŋ ɪz rɛr, hu ʃʊd ˈɔfər ə hænd fər ˈʃeɪkɪŋ fərst? moʊst bʊks ɔn ˈɛtəkət seɪ fər ə mæn tɪ weɪt fər ə ˈwʊmən tɪ ˈɔfər hər hænd, nɑt tɪ pʊt hɪz hænd aʊt fərst. bət, hɪz ˈweɪtɪŋ tɛndz tɪ ˈsɪgnəl səm dominance-intent*, ənd ɪz ðəs ˈmaɪldli kənfˈjuzɪŋ ɪn ˈmɛni ˈsoʊʃəl ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz. ˈmɛni frɛnʧ ˈpipəl kənˈsɪdər ðət fər ə mæn tɪ ʃeɪk hænz wɪθ ə jəŋ gərl hi həz ʤɪst mɛt ɪz ə ˈsɪgnəl ðət ðeɪ hæv səm 'ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ'. sɪns ɪt wʊd bi ˌɪmˈprɑpər fər ðɛm tɪ hæv ən 'ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ' wɪn ðeɪ hæv ˈbɛrli mɛt, ˈhændˌʃeɪkɪŋ bɪtˈwin ˈsɛksɪz ʃʊd bi əˈvɔɪdɪd. behaivors(cont'd*) ræts ənd maɪs ən 'oʊld ɪgˈzæm 3 həz bɪn pleɪst ɪn ˈnɔrlɪn rɪˈzərv bɪˈheɪvjər, cont'd*: ɔl ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz nid səm əˈsərtɪvnəs ər əˈgrɛsɪvnəs, tɪ əbˈteɪn wət ðeɪ nid. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ɪn grups nid ə ˈbæləns: tu məʧ əˈgrɛʃən ənd ðeɪ wɪl bi ˈdrɪvən ɔf, ənd wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli daɪ; tu ˈlɪtəl, ənd ðeɪ wɪl nɑt əbˈteɪn wət ðeɪ nid. ðə ˈnidɪd ˈbæləns ɪz wət ˈɑrdri kɔlz ðə 'ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnˌtrækt'. səm mɔr taɪps əv əˈgrɛʃən: ˈvərbəl ˈpæsɪv dɪˈspleɪst ˈmoʊstli meɪlz ˈmoʊstli ˈmoʊstli fər ˈdɑmənəns ˈmoʊstli (cf*. ˌkæˈstreɪʃən) fərst tɪ əˈtæk ˈɔfən wɪnz ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ˈhoʊldər ˈɔfən wɪnz ˈərli səkˈsɛs lidz tɪ mɔr wɪnz əˈtæk- juz klɔz lʊk ˈbɪgər +fləf) noʊ gʊd səbˈmɪʃən ˈpɑsʧər ˈluzər ʃʊd rən nɑt ˈjuʒəwəli faɪt tɪ dɛθ, bət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, ɪn læb 'ˈpɛkɪŋ ˈɔrdər' ˈʧeɪnʤɪz faɪts tɪ θrɛts ˈfɛrəˌmoʊnz (ˈfiˌmeɪlz ər ˈsɛldəm əˈtækt) kæˈlhun 'bɪˈheɪvjərəl sɪŋk' ɪkˈspɛrəmənt 4 kəˈnɛktɪd pɛnz, ɔl wɪθ fud, ˈwɔtər, ˈbɛdɪŋ əˈlaʊ tɪ brid ənd ˌɪnˈkris ˈælfə meɪlz; ˌɪnərˈmidiɪt meɪlz; oʊˈmɛgə meɪlz; 'prober*' meɪlz ˈfiˌmeɪlz ˌriprəˈdəktɪv səkˈsɛs ɛz ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˌɪnˈkrist, ˌriprəˈdəktɪv səkˈsɛs dɪˈklaɪnd ɪkˈsaɪtmənt əv ðə sɪŋk (cf*. ˈsɪti) ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən: ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn əv ræt ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnˌtrækt bɪˈheɪvjərz ɪn ðə dəˈmɛstəˌkeɪtəd dɔg, familiaris*, ənd ɪn ðə ˈspɑtɪd haɪˈinə, 'oʊld ɪgˈzæm 3 ɪz ɪn ˈnɔrlɪn rɪˈzərv, ənd ɔn wɛb klæs ɔn wɛd., noʊv 27 ɪz ˈɔpʃənəl. aɪ wɪl əˈtɛnd ənd dɪˈskəs tərm ˈpeɪpərz, məˈtɪriəlz ɔˈrɛdi ˈkəvərd, laɪf ɔn ðə rɑk, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə., ɪf ˈɛni əv ju wɪʃ tɪ əˈtɛnd. bɪˈheɪvjərz (cont'd*): dɔg familiaris*) moʊst bridz əv dɔgz du sim tɪ vaɪ fər ˈdɑmənəns, baɪ ˈpɑsʧərz, θrɛts, faɪts, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən fər ˈdɑmənəns simz tɪ bi məʧ ˈstrɔŋgər ɪn dɔgz ðən ɪn ˈbɪʧɪz, ðoʊ ˈbɪʧɪz faɪt tu. ɪz ðɪs əˈgrɛʃən rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈlɛvəlz? **ɪt dɪz sim tɪ bi, æt list ˈpɑrʃəli. dɔgz ˈkæˌstreɪtɪd æt bərθ ər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ əˈteɪn haɪ ˈstætəs. **bət, ɛz biʧ, ənd ləˈbəf ʃoʊd, wɪθ ˈbigəlz, ˌkæˈstreɪʃən ˈæftər ˈpjubərti dɪd nɑt prɪˈklud ə ˈkæˌstreɪt dɔg frəm əˈʧivɪŋ haɪ ˈstætəs --əˈbəv ðə ˈstætəs əv səm ˌɪnˈtækt dɔgz. **ɪt ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ðət moʊst əˈdɑpʃən ˈeɪʤənsiz ˌɪnˈsɪst ɔn ˌkæˈstreɪʃən ɛz pɑrt əv əˈdɑpʃən, bət ədˈvaɪz ˈweɪtɪŋ ənˈtɪl ˈæftər ˈpjubərti fər ðə ˌkæˈstreɪʃən. **ləˈbəf ənd biʧ ˈɔlsoʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðɛr ˈkæˌstreɪts rɪˈmeɪnd ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn sɛks, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðeɪ ˈkʊdənt 'lɑk' du tɪ smɔl ˈpinɪs ənd glandis*. waɪ du əˈgrɛsɪv ˈtɛndənsi ənd ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn sɛks rɪˈmeɪn ˈæftər ˌkæˈstreɪʃən ɪn dɔgz? ˈnʊrəl ˈsərkəts ɔˈrɛdi fɔrmd **-əˈgrɛʃən ənd ˈkɔɪtəs hæv ɔˈrɛdi bɪn ˈlərnɪd **-əˈdrinəl kənˈtɪnju, ənd səˈpɔrt ðiz ækˈtɪvɪtiz **-ˈəðər θrɛt ˈpɑsʧərz: **hɛd əp, teɪl əp (teɪl meɪ bi ˈwægɪŋ!), ˈstɛrɪŋ, ɪrz bæk, rəf əp ɔn nɛk ənd bæk, 'chesty*' əˈpɪrəns, graʊl səbˈmɪʃən ˈpɑsʧərz fər dɔg: **lʊk əˈweɪ; rən bæk ə fju stɛps; du nɑt juz θrɛt ˈpɑsʧərz; roʊl; ˌɪnˈvaɪt pleɪ, wɪθ hɛd daʊn bɪtˈwin (boʊɪŋ) wɪθ rəmp əp. **dɔgz ˈɔfən əˈtæk wɪθ ə lip əp ənd təˈwɔrd ðə ˈəðər, tɪ bi ɔn tɔp **səm dɔgz wɪl roʊl, tɪ ðə faɪt. ðɪs ɪz ˈɔfən sin ɪn ˈpəpiz. **səm dɔgz faɪt wɪθ ˈbɛli əp, tɪ juz klɔz ɔn ɔl 4 fit, soʊ ɪz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ə səbˈmɪʃən ˈpɑsʧər **ɪkˈspoʊzɪŋ nɛk ənd ˈbɛli, ənd ˈsisɪŋ tɪ faɪt, simz tɪ wərk ɛz səbˈmɪʃən. fəˈtælɪtiz ər ənˈjuˌʒuəl. ðə ˈluzər ˈɔfən cowers*, rənz əˈweɪ, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. wɪl dɔgz faɪt wɪθ ˈbɪʧɪz? jɛs. ðeɪ ˈjuʒəwəli ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt fər ˈɛstrəs, fərst. wɪl ˈbɪʧɪz stɑrt ə faɪt? jɛs. ˈɔfən tɪ prəˈtɛkt pəps, ər ðɛr ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri. ˌtɛˈstɪkjələr androgen-influenced*? **ˈprɑbəˌbli. meɪlz ˈjuʒəwəli ˈlɑrʤər, ənd ˈərli ˌkæˈstreɪʃən simz tɪ rɪˈdus boʊθ saɪz ənd əˈgrɛʃən. **bət nɑt kəmˈplitli. ˈfiˌmeɪlz kən faɪt ˈvɛri wɛl. ˈkæˌstreɪts kən faɪt ˈvɛri wɛl. əˈdrinəl-? ˈfɛrəˌmoʊnz? **jɛs. noʊt ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈjʊrən ˈmɑrkɪŋ baɪ meɪlz, ənd ɪkˈstrim ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti tɪ ˈɛstrəs ˈjʊrən ənd ˈəðər ˈoʊdərz. **moʊst hæv ˈhaɪli dɪˈvɛləpt, ɪkˈstrimli ˈsɛnsɪtɪv oʊlˈfæktəri ˈsɪstəmz. e.g*., ˈblədhaʊnz. ɪz ˈlərnɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd? **ˈprɑbəˌbli. moʊst ˈoʊnərz traɪ tɪ treɪn ðɛr dɔgz nɑt tɪ faɪt, nɑt tɪ baɪt ˈpipəl. ənd ðɪs wərks ˈfɛrli wɛl. **bət dɔgz kən bi treɪnd tɪ faɪt, tɪ əˈtæk (e.g*., pɪt bʊl; gɑrd dɔgz ˈtɛntətɪv kənˈkluʒənz: ðɪs ənd rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈspiʃiz hæv ɪˈvɑlvd tɪ lɪv ɪn grups (pæks), hæv ɪˈvɑlvd fər ˈdɑmənəns ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən, ənd fər dɪˈfɛns əv lɛr ənd ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri. ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli ðət boʊθ ˌtɛˈstɪkjələr ənd əˈdrinəl ər juzd ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ðiz bɪˈheɪvjərz. ɪn ˈlækteɪtɪŋ ˈfiˌmeɪlz, ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli ðət proʊˈlæktən ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪz ə roʊl ɪn dɪˈfɛns əv hər ˈlɪtər. ˈspɑtɪd haɪˈinə) ˈstədi əv ðɪs ˈspiʃiz tɛndz tɪ ˈbrɔdən ɑr hərˈaɪzənz! ˈfiˌmeɪlz ər ˈlɑrʤər ðən meɪlz. ˈfiˌmeɪlz ər ˈdɑmənənt tɪ meɪlz ˈfiˌmeɪlz hæv ɪkˈstərnəl ʤɛnəˈtɑljə ðət ˈmɪmɪk ðoʊz əv meɪlz, bət ər ˈivɪn ˈbɪgər haɪˈinə pəps ər ɪkˈstrimli əˈgrɛsɪv, frəm bərθ haʊ dɪz ðɪs ˈhæpən? -əˈpɛrəntli ðɪs ˈspiʃiz ɪˈvɑlvd ɪn səʧ ə weɪ ðət ðə ˈfiˌmeɪlz sɪˈkrit lɑrʤ əˈmaʊnts əv ɪn ðɛr ˈjutərəs, ənd kən ˈkɑnvərt ðɪs tɪ ˌtɛˈstɑstərˌoʊn. ˈɔlsoʊ, ðə pæs θru ðə pləˈsɛntə, tɪ ðə ˈfitəsɪz. ðɪs ðə ˈfiˌmeɪlz ˈvɛri drəˈmætɪkəli. waɪ dɪz ðɪs ˈhæpən? wɛl, ðɪs ɪz ˈhɑrdər. j.p*. səˈʤɛsts ðət ɪt ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd ɛz ə weɪ tɪ gɪv ˈfiˌmeɪlz ðə əˈgrɛʃən ðeɪ nid tɪ kəmˈpit wɪθ ˈəðər haɪˈinəz ɪn ðə klæn ˈfɛrəˌmoʊnz? jɛs, 'sɛnt ˈpeɪstɪŋ' wɪθ səˈkriʃənz frəm ˈeɪnəl glænd ˈpɑsʧərz? jɛs, e.g*., ə ˈdɑmənənt, haɪˈinə weɪts, ənd əˈlaʊz loʊər ræŋk haɪˈinə tɪ kəm əp ənd snɪf. boʊθ tɛnd tɪ ɪˈrɛkt ˈpinɪs ər klaɪˈtɔrɪs, ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˈmitɪŋ grup? jɛs, ðə klæn, əv 40 ər soʊ. ðɛr ɪz ˈprɪti ˌɪnˈtɛns wɪˈθɪn ðə klæn, bət ˈædəlts ˈjuʒəwəli du nɑt kɪl wən əˈnəðər. klænz du faɪt iʧ ˈəðər, ənd ðɪs ˈsəmˌtaɪmz rɪˈzəlts ɪn səm dɛθs. ʤɔz? kən krəʃ ənd ˈdaɪʤɛst lɑrʤ boʊnz əv ˈbəfəˌloʊ ər kaʊ. dəŋ ɪz grey-white*, frəm ˈdaɪˌʤɛstɪd boʊn. kən ˈkɛri ə mæn ər ˈæntəˌloʊp, ɪn ʤɔz. səbˈmɪʃən ˈsɪgnəlz? ðɛr məst bi, ɛz ˈɛni ˈædəlt kʊd baɪt əˈnəðər wən ɪn tu. ˈʤɛnərəl kənˈkluʒənz: ər ˈpoʊtənt ˈeɪʤənts fər dɪˈvɛləpmənt təˈwɔrd mɔrˈfɑləʤi, ˈivɪn ɪn ˈfiˌmeɪlz kən bi ˈpoʊtənt ˈeɪʤənts fər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ əgrɛˈsɪvɪti kən ɪgˈzərt ðɛr ˈifɛkts ɔn əgrɛˈsɪvɪti ˈivɪn waɪl ðə kəbz ər ɪn ˈjutəroʊ, ɛz ɪt ɪz ˈkɑmən fər ə nu- bɔrn ˈfiˌmeɪl tɪ kɪl hər twɪn ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈæftər bərθ. ɪts lɛs ˈkɑmən fər ə ˈfiˌmeɪl kəb tɪ kɪl hər meɪl twɪn. bɪˈheɪvjərz ɪn ðə ɛlk,, ənd ɪn ˈɛləfənt silz, ɛlk: ˈstudənt ˈlɛkʧərərz: ðə ɪn ˈbæʧələr grups. ðeɪ nid tɪ braʊz ɔn ˈfɔrɪʤ, ɛz ˈgræsɪz ər nɑt səˈfɪʃənt fər ðɛr ˈæntlər groʊθ. əˈbaʊt iʧ jɪr, ðeɪ kæst ðɛr ˈæntlərz. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðeɪ ʧu ɔn ðə kæst ˈæntlərz, ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪŋ ðeɪ ər ʃɔrt əv ˈnutriənts. ðɛr nu ˈæntlərz bɪˈgɪn groʊɪŋ əˈgɛn ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. ðeɪ ər ˈkəvərd baɪ sɔft skɪn, kɔld 'ˈvɛlvət' wɪn 'ɪn ˈvɛlvət' ðə du nɑt faɪt məʧ æt ɔl. ɪf ðeɪ ər θˈrɛtənd, ðeɪ juz ðɛr ənd slæʃ wɪθ ðɛr hʊvz, ˈkipɪŋ ðə ˈæntlərz aʊt əv ðə weɪ. əˈbaʊt sɛpˈtɛmbər, ðə ˈæntlərz bɪˈgɪn 'ˈklinɪŋ' i.e*., ðeɪ bɪˈgɪn ˈʃɛdɪŋ ðə ˈvɛlvət, wɪʧ kəmz ɔf ɪn strɪps əv dɛd skɪn. ˈɔlsoʊ əˈbaʊt ðə kəm ˈɪntu ˈbridɪŋ kənˈdɪʃən, ər 'rət' ənˈtɪl rət, ðɛr ˈtɛˌstiz hæv bɪn smɔl ənd ˌɪˈnæktɪv. praɪər tɪ rət, ðə ˈtɛˌstiz groʊ ənd bɪˈgɪn ˈfəŋkʃən. ðɪs ɪz kɔld ˌtɛˈstɪkjələr. iʧ lɑrʤ stæg naʊ traɪz tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə graʊnd. hi wɪl ˈjərəˌneɪt ɪn ðə dərt ənd ɔn hɪmˈsɛlf, ənd ðɛn roʊl ɪn ðə 'ˈwɑloʊ' tɪ gɪt sɛnt ɔl ˈoʊvər hɪmˈsɛlf. hi meɪ θræʃ ˈbʊʃəz wɪθ hɪz ˈæntlərz, 'ˈbjugəl' ˈlaʊdli tɪ əˈtrækt dɪz, ənd hæv ˈpʊʃɪŋ ˈmæʧɪz wɪθ ˈɛni ˈəðər stæg hu dɪz nɑt bæk aʊt əv hɪz dɪˈzaɪərd graʊnd. ðə dɪz ər əˈtræktəd baɪ hɪz ˈbjugəlɪŋ, ənd stɑrt tɪ əˈsɛmbəl əraʊnd iʧ lɑrʤ stæg. ðə stæg ˈɔlsoʊ 'hərdz' ðə dɪz, tɪ hɛlp kip ðɛm ɪn hɪz ˈhɛrəm. hi meɪ hæv ˈsɛvərəl baʊts ər faɪts wɪθ ˈəðər hu woʊnt bæk daʊn frəm hɪz θrɛt dɪˈspleɪz ənd ˈbjugəlɪŋ. ðə ˈʤaʊstɪŋ ˈɔfən rən təˈgɛðər fər ə ˈhənərd jɑrdz ər soʊ, ˈlʊkɪŋ fər haɪ graʊnd ər ˈəðər ædˈvæntɪʤ. ðɛn ðeɪ wil ənd əˈtɛmpt tɪ ʤæm ðɛr ˈæntlərz ˈɪntu ðə ˈəðər wən. ˈjuʒəwəli ðeɪ mit wɪθ ˈæntlərz, ənd ðɛn pʊʃ bæk ənd fɔrθ ɪn ə tɛst əv strɛŋθ. wɪn ðə ˈwikər siz ðət hi ɪz ˈluzɪŋ, hi ənd traɪz tɪ rən əˈweɪ. ɪf hi ɪz nɑt kwɪk, hi meɪ gɪt gɔrd. ðɛr dɪz nɑt sim tɪ bi ə gʊd əˈpizmənt ˈpɑsʧər ər ˈʤɛsʧər. ðə ˈluzər həz tɪ gɪt wɛl aʊt əv ðə graʊnd. ðə ˈælfə stæg wɪθ hɪz ˈhɛrəm əv dɪz wɪl kip ˈhərdɪŋ hɪz dɪz, ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ðɛr ˈɛstrəs. hi ˈluzɪz ə lɑts əv weɪt, ɛz hi ˈdəzənt hæv məʧ taɪm tɪ it. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ə stæg hu ˈstɑrtɪd rət tu ˈərli ɪz soʊ wik baɪ ðə taɪm ˈbridɪŋ ˈsizən stɑrts, ðət hi ɪz dɪˈspleɪst baɪ ə stæg, hu teɪks ˈoʊvər. ðə ˈælfə stæg traɪz tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ ɔl ˈbridɪŋ ɪn hɪz ˈhɛrəm. ɛz pɑrt əv hɪz ˈtɛstɪŋ fər ˈɛstrəs, hi meɪ pʊt ɪn noʊz ˈəndər ðə ˈjʊrən strim, ɛz ə ˈfiˌmeɪl urinates*. hi ðɛn bloʊz ðə ˈjʊrən aʊt ɪn ə spreɪ. ðɪs bɪˈheɪvjər ɪz kɔld səm kæts du ɪt, tu. ɪt simz tɪ bi ə weɪ əv ˈkɛmɪkli ˈsæmplɪŋ ðə ˈjʊrən fər ˈɛstrəʤən ðət ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl ɪz ɪn ˈɛstrəs. ˈæftər ðə ˈbridɪŋ ˈsizən, ðə dɪz fɔrm ðɛr oʊn hərd, kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv ˈfiˌmeɪlz, ənd ˌɪməˈtjʊr ɛlk, ənd lɛd baɪ ə ˈsinjər kaʊ. ðə fɔrm ə lus ˈbæʧələr hərd, ənd muv ɔf tɪ ðɛr oʊn ˈbraʊzɪŋ graʊnz. ˈɛləfənt silz ˈstudənt ˈlɛkʧərərz: ˈlɔrə ˈhɑʤkɪnz ˈɔtəm væn kərk moʊst əv ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ wɪθ ˈɛləfənt silz ɪz əˈməŋ ðə lɑrʤ meɪlz. ðə ˈfiˌmeɪlz skˈwɑbəl əˈməŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz fər rum fər ðɛr pəp, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə., bət du nɑt ˈrɪli faɪt. ðə meɪlz bɪˈgɪn 'ˈhɔlɪŋ aʊt' ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər iʧ jɪr, ənd bɪˈgɪn vaɪɪŋ fər ˈdɑmənəns wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər. ðə ˈluzərz meɪ riˈtrit bæk ˈɪntu ðə ˈoʊʃən, ənd ðɛn swɪm əraʊnd ðə ˈaɪlənd ənd faɪnd ə kwaɪət biʧ wɛr ðeɪ steɪ ˈrɛstɪŋ ənd sˈlipɪŋ fər moʊst əv ðə ˈbridɪŋ ˈsizən. baɪ ðə taɪm ðə ˈprɛgnənt ˈfiˌmeɪlz ənd ˈjəŋgər silz bɪˈgɪn ˈhɔlɪŋ aʊt ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri, ðə gʊd ˈbiʧɪz hæv bɪn iʧ ˈteɪkən ˈoʊvər baɪ ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈælfə meɪl. ɛz ðə ˈfiˌmeɪlz ˈkɑŋgrəˌgeɪt ɔn ðə biʧ, ðə ˈælfə meɪl wɪl muv tɪ ðɛr mɪst ənd kleɪm ðə ˈhɛrəm. hi ðɛn spɛnz ə lɔt əv hɪz taɪm ˈɪʃuɪŋ θrɛts tɪ ˈəðər meɪlz tɪ kip əˈweɪ, ər ˈfaɪtɪŋ ðɛm, ɪf ðeɪ woʊnt steɪ əˈweɪ. ɪf ðə ˈhɛrəm ˈmæstər siz ər hirz ə meɪl ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ɪm, hi wɪl rɪr əp, wɪθ noʊz ˈhæŋɪŋ ɪn hɪz maʊθ, ənd ˈbɛloʊ bæk. ɪf ðət meɪl həz ˈpriviəsli bɪn ˈvæŋkwɪʃt, ɪt wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli riˈtrit. ɪf nɑt, ɪt wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli ədˈvæns təˈwɔrd ðə ˈhɛrəm. ðə ˈhɛrəm ˈmæstər ˈɔlsoʊ ədˈvænsɪz təˈwɔrd ðə ˈɪntərˌloʊpər, ˈstɑpɪŋ tɪ rɪr ənd ˈbɛloʊ naʊ ənd ðɛn. wɪn ðə meɪlz mit ʧɛst tɪ ʧɛst, ðeɪ swɪŋ ðɛr hɛd bæk ənd fɔrθ tɪ swɪŋ ðɛr lɔŋ noʊz aʊt əv ðə weɪ, ənd traɪ tɪ gɪt ə gʊd baɪt ɪn ɔn ðə ˈəðərz nɛk. ðə nɛk həz ˈθɪkənd, ˈkɛrətɪn ˈtɪʃu, ɔn ɪt əˈbaʊt ən ɪnʧ θɪk, bət stɪl kən bi tɔrn ənd ˈwundɪd. ðə bʊlz ˈɔlsoʊ traɪ tɪ baɪt ðə ˈəðərz noʊz, ɪf ˈpɑsəbəl. wɪn ðeɪ gɪt ə gʊd hoʊld ɔn ə noʊz, ðeɪ swɪŋ ɪt bæk ənd fɔrθ, ʃˈrɛdɪŋ ɪt. ðɪs ɪz ə bæd lɔs fər ðə wən huz noʊz gɑt kɔt. ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli ə bʊl ˈkæʧɪz hɪz oʊn noʊz ɪn hɪz tiθ, ənd baɪts θru ɪt. ðɪs ˈdæmɪʤ meɪ kɔz ɪm tɪ bæk daʊn. moʊst faɪts ˈoʊnli læst ə fju ˈmɪnəts ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈluzər wilz kˈwɪkli ənd traɪz tɪ gɪt əˈweɪ. ðə ˈwɪnər ˈɔfən gɪts əˈnəðər baɪt ər tu ɪn ɔn ðə ˈluzərz rɪr ɛnd ər rɪr ˈflɪpərz, ɛz ɪt fliz. ðə ˈwɪnər ðɛn goʊz bæk tɪ ˈgɑrdɪŋ hɪz ˈhɛrəm frəm ðə nɛkst ˈɪntərˌloʊpər. ɪf bʊlz ər ˈivənli mæʧt, seɪ bɪtˈwin ən ˈælfə bʊl ənd ə ˈbeɪtə, ðə faɪt meɪ goʊ ɔn fər 30 ˈmɪnəts ər soʊ, ˈlivɪŋ boʊθ kwaɪt ɪgˈzɔstɪd. bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr θɪk koʊt əv ˈbləbər, ðə ˈænəməlz tɛnd tɪ ˈoʊvərˌhit ˈizəli, ənd hæv tɪ pɔz, rɛst, kul ɔf, ənd ðɛn kənˈtɪnju ˈfaɪtɪŋ. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ɪt simz nɑt tɪ bi ðə bɛst əv ˈtæktɪks tɪ bɪˈkəm ən ˈælfə bʊl tu ˈərli, ɛz ðɛn hi həz tɪ faɪt fər moʊst əv ðə ˈsizən. sɪns ðə silz doʊnt it waɪl ɔn ðə ˈaɪlənd, hi ˈluzɪz ə lɔt əv weɪt ənd strɛŋθ, ənd meɪ bi dɪˈpoʊzd ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈfiˌmeɪlz kəm ˈɪntu ˈɛstrəs. bʊlz sim tɪ bi ɪn pik fɔrm ənd strɛŋθ wɪn ðeɪ ər əˈbaʊt jɪrz oʊld. ɛz ðeɪ eɪʤ, ðeɪ wɪl bi dɪˈpoʊzd, bət meɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ hoʊld ˈælfə ˈstætəs fər ə ˈpɪriəd əv ə fju jɪrz. bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈhɛvi prəˈtɛkʃən əˈfɔrdəd ðiz ˈænəməlz, nɑt məʧ ɪz noʊn əv ðɛr ˈhɔrˌmoʊn ˈlɛvəlz. wi kən əˈsum, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈlɛvəlz ər ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt kənˈtrɪbjətər tɪ ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈspɪrɪt əv ðə bʊlz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɔl ðə silz kəm bæk tɪ ðə ˈaɪlənd əraʊnd ʤun ər ˌʤuˈlaɪ, tɪ moʊlt (ʃɛd ənd rɪˈnu ðɛr fər pɛlts). æt ðɪs taɪm ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈfaɪtɪŋ ənd noʊ sɛks. ɪt simz klɪr ðət ðə meɪlz hæv ən ˈænjuəl əv ðɛr ˈtɛˌstiz, wɪθ rɪˈnud groʊθ ɪn saɪz ənd ˈfəŋkʃən ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈrɛgjələr ˈbridɪŋ ˈsizən ɪn december-january*. ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən fər ˈdɑmənəns ɪz əˈpɛrəntli ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɑrt əv ðə kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ˌɛvəˈluʃən fər ˈɛləfənt silz. ɪt ˈprɑbəˌbli kənˈtrɪbjuts tɪ ˈmeɪntənəns ər kənˈtɪnjud dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv saɪz ənd strɛŋθ ɪn ðə ˈspiʃiz, ɛz ˈoʊnli ə fju əv ðə moʊst ˈpaʊərfəl bʊlz ˈmænɪʤ tɪ brid iʧ jɪr. ənd ˈfaɪtɪŋ ər æt list θˈrɛtənɪŋ simz tɪ bi ə praɪm ˈmoʊtɪv fər meɪlz ɪn ðə ˈbridɪŋ ˈsizən. ə meɪl wɪl ˌɪntərˈəpt tɪ goʊ faɪt. ðə saɪz ənd vɔɪs strɛŋθ əv ən ˈælfə bʊl meɪ bi ən əˈtrækʃən tɪ ðə ˈfiˌmeɪlz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈrɪli əˈpɛrənt tɪ ə ˈwɑʧər. ðə ˈfiˌmeɪlz sim tɪ ˈægrəgət wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər, ðɛr pəps, ənd ˈjəŋgər silz, ˈɪntu ə pɑd, ˈrəðər ðən biɪŋ əˈtræktəd tɪ ðə ˈælfə meɪl. bət ˈmeɪbi aɪ mɪst ˈsəmθɪŋ, wɪn ˈwɑʧɪŋ ðɛm. ðə bʊl dɪz nɑt sim tɪ hərd hɪz ˈfiˌmeɪlz. ɪf wən krɔlz ɔf tɪ əˈnəðər pɑd, soʊ bi ɪt. bət ðɪs ɪz rɛr, ɛz ðə pɑdz ər əˈbaʊt jɑrdz əˈpɑrt, ənd ðə ˈænəməlz ˈjuʒəwəli du nɑt krɔl soʊ fɑr. ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ, ðoʊ ˈblədi ənd ˈdeɪnʤərəs, dɪz nɑt ˈjuʒəwəli rɪˈzəlt ɪn ðə dɛθ əv ə meɪl. ðə ˈluzər ˈjuʒəwəli gɪvz əp ɪn taɪm, ənd gɪts aʊt əv ðɛr. ðeɪ du nɑt sim tɪ hæv ə səbˈmɪʃən ər əˈpizmənt ˈpɑsʧər, ɪkˈsɛpt fər ˈlivɪŋ kˈwɪkli wɪn ðeɪ luz. aɪ ˈnɛvər sɔ ə bʊl faɪt ə ˈfiˌmeɪl. ɪf ə ˈfiˌmeɪl dɪz nɑt gɪt aʊt əv ðə weɪ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪn tu lɑrʤ bʊlz ər goʊɪŋ fər iʧ ˈəðər, ʃi meɪ gɪt roʊld ər ˈivɪn ˈbɪtən. ðə seɪm ɪz tru fər ðə pəps, hu ər ˈivɪn lɛs moile*, ənd səm meɪ bi ˈwundɪd ər ˈivɪn kɪld baɪ ðə bʊlz. ðɪs simz tɪ bi ˌæksəˈdɛnəl. dɪˈskəʃən əv pɑrts əv ðə ˈvaɪələnt weɪ ˈstudənt ˈlɛkʧərərz: dɪˈskəʃən əv bɪˈheɪvjər ɪn ˈjumənz. pər ˈrɑbərt ˈɑrdri: ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnˌtrækt laɪf ɪz kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv. ɔl ˈɔrgəˌnɪzəmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈjumənz, məst kəmˈpit wɪθ ˈəðərz tɪ gɪt wət ðeɪ nid tɪ sərˈvaɪv. ðə ˈmɛni ˌmænəfɛˈsteɪʃənz əv əˈgrɛʃən wi si ɪn ˈjumənz ər ə ˈnæʧərəl ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ˌɛvəˈluʃən ənd sərˈvaɪvəl əv ðə ˈfɪtəst ˈoʊvər ˈmɛni ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz. bət, wi ər ə ˈspiʃiz. tu məʧ əˈgrɛʃən əˈgɛnst ˈəðər grup ˈmɛmbərz wɪl rɪˈzəlt ɪn biɪŋ kɪkt aʊt əv ðə grup. ðɪs ɪz ˌdɛtrəˈmɛnəl, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈfeɪtəl. wi ˈðɛrˌfɔr hæv tɪ əˈʧiv ə ˈbæləns bɪtˈwin ˈhævɪŋ ɪˈnəf əˈgrɛʃən tɪ gɪt wət wi nid, bət steɪɪŋ wɪˈθɪn ðə baʊndz əv ˈkəstəm, ˈdisənsi, lɔz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ðɪs ˈbæləns, ˈɑrdri kɔlz ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnˌtrækt. wi hæv ˈmɛni ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz tɪ dil wɪθ ðoʊz hu briʧ ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnˌtrækt: ˈvərbəl ˈpɔɪntɪŋ aʊt briʧ tɪ frɛndz, ˈneɪbərz, ˈstreɪnʤərz ˈʃənɪŋ ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈʤeɪlɪŋ ˈkæpɪtəl ˈpənɪʃmənt ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ənd ɑr soʊˈsaɪɪti həz dɪˈgriz ənd greɪˈdeɪʃənz, fər ˈdɪfərənt ˈpərpəsɪz. e.g*., ˈbɑksɪŋ, ˈrɛsəlɪŋ, ˈfʊtˌbɔl ənd ˈəðər spɔrts pəˈlis ˈfaɪtɪŋ bæk wɪn əˈtækt ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz ˈɑrdri siz ðiz ənd ˈəðər ˈpɑrʃəl ɪkˈsɛpʃənz tɪ ðə ˈjuʒəwəl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnˌtrækt rulz ənd ˈkəstəmz ɛz ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ənd ˈlɪmɪtɪd, fər ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈpərpəs. ənd ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃənz ɪn tərn hæv ðɛr oʊn rulz: ˌmɑrˈki əv (ˈbɑksɪŋ) pəˈlis prəˈsiʤərz (ənd ˌrivˈju bɔrdz) doʊnt bi ɪkˈsɛsɪv wɪn ˈfaɪtɪŋ bæk rulz əv ˈwɔrˌfɛr noʊ gæs, noʊ ˈtɔrʧər, fid ˈprɪzənərz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. əˈnəðər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈɑrdri ˈθiˌsɪs ɪz ðət wi ɪˈvɑlvd ɑr ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnˌtrækt ˈkəstəmz ənd weɪz əv ˈfaɪtɪŋ wɪn wi wər ɑrmd wɪθ stɪks, rɑks, sɔrdz, ˈdægərz, spɪrz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, fər wən ˈpərsən tɪ du ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ əˈnəðər, ðeɪ hæd tɪ bi hand-to-hand*. ˈfaɪtɪŋ kloʊz æt hænd minz ðət wi hæv ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ si haʊ məʧ ˈdæmɪʤ həz bɪn dən, ənd tɪ si ənd pərˈhæps rɪˈspɑnd tɪ səbˈmɪʃən ˈsɪgnəlz. wɪθ ðə ˈædˌvɛnt əv ðə boʊ ənd ˈɛroʊ, ðə ˈdɪstəns bɪtˈwin kəmˈbætənts ˈjuʒəwəli minz ðət wi kən nɑt si haʊ məʧ ˈdæmɪʤ ɪz biɪŋ dən, ənd ˈkænɑt si ɪf ðə əˈpoʊnənt wɔnt tɪ gɪv əp. ðɛn, wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈvɛnʃən əv ðə krɔs boʊ, ðɪs ˈdɪstəns ˈprɑbləm bɪˈkeɪm wərs, ənd wərs əˈgɛn wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈvɛnʃən əv ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz (ənd atomics*!) əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈɑrdri, ðɪs əˈbɪləˌti tɪ faɪt æt ə ˈdɪstəns həz mɛnt ə juʤ ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ənd ˈkruəlti. ɪn məʧ əv wɔr naʊ wi ər soʊ fɑr riˈmuvd frəm ðə əˈpoʊzɪŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz, ðət wi ˈhɑrdli θɪŋk əv ðɛm ɛz ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz laɪk ɑrˈsɛlvz, wɪθ ˈfæməliz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. əˈnəðər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈɑrdri ˈθiˌsɪs wɑz ˈmɛnʃənd ˌbiˈfɔr, ɪn kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ ðə kæˈlhun ræt ɪkˈspɛrəmənts: wi ˈɔfən ləv ðə ɪkˈsaɪtmənt əv ˈkɑmbæt ənd wɔr. ɪn ðə ˈərli ˈsteɪʤɪz əˈspɛʃəli, ɪt ɔl simz ˈvɛri ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ, ˈmænli, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. tɪ bi goʊɪŋ ɔf tɪ faɪt fər ˈkəntri. ɪt ɪz ˈɔfən ðə keɪs ɪn ˈleɪtər ˈsteɪʤɪz əv wɔr ðət ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz bɪˈgɪn tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðə kɔst ənd ˈsəfərɪŋ. bət: wɔr ɪz stɪl ðə haɪəst kɔrt əv əˈpilz. wi kən traɪ (ənd ˈɔfən du) dɪˈskəʃən, ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz, wərld kɔrt, juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. bət ɪf ˈtɔkɪŋ feɪlz, ɪt ɪz nɑt ənˈjuˌʒuəl fər θɪŋz tɪ ˈɛskəˌleɪt tɪ ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm, ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ, ˌblɑˈkeɪd ər ɔl aʊt wɔr. ɪn ə weɪ, ɪt ɪz səˈpraɪzɪŋ ðət ðɛr ər ˈɛni rulz ɪn wɔr. ðə kəmˈpitɪŋ saɪdz ər ɔˈrɛdi traɪɪŋ ðɛr ˈətˌmoʊst tɪ prɪˈveɪl, ənd 'rulz' kən ˈhɑrdli bi ɛnˈfɔrst (ɪkˈsɛpt ˈæftərwərdz, pərˈhæps) ˈdænjəl ˌriˈpɔrtəd səm ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ɪkˈspɛrəmənts ɪn wɪʧ hi əˈtɛmptəd tɪ faɪnd aʊt ɪf ðɛr ər ˈhɔrˌmoʊnəl ˈkɔrələts fər ˈæŋgər ənd fɪr, ɪn ˈjumənz. ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə wɔrd wɪθ psychotics*, ˈnoʊtɪst ðət səm ˈpeɪʃənz rɪˈspɑndɪd ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərˈɛntli tɪ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əv tɪ kənˈtroʊl haɪ bləd ˈprɛʃər. ðoʊz ˈpeɪʃənz huz prɪˈdɑmənənt ˈiˌmoʊʃən ɔn ðə wɔrd wɑz fɪr ənd təˈmɪdəti ʃoʊd ə bləd ˈprɛʃər rɪˈdəkʃən tɪ. ðoʊz ˈpeɪʃənz huz prɪˈdɑmənənt ˈiˌmoʊʃən wɑz ˈæŋgər dɪˈrɛktɪd æt ˈəðərz, ʃoʊd ə rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn, bət ɪt wɑz ʃɔrt lɪvd ənd ˈtrænʒənt: wɪˈθɪn əˈbaʊt 15 ˈmɪnəts, ðɛr wɑz əp əˈgɛn. ðɛn traɪd ɔn ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈstudənts hu hæd ʤɪst ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd ənd wər əˈweɪtɪŋ ðɛr əˈsaɪnmənts tɪ ˈɪntərnˌʃɪps ə ˈstrɛsfəl taɪm. ðə jəŋ hu ɪkˈsprɛst ˈæŋgər ənd hɑˈstɪləti əˈbaʊt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ weɪt tɪ hir, ʃoʊd ðə ˈtrænʒənt rɪˈspɑns tɪ. ðoʊz hu wər ˈæŋʃəs ənd ˈfɪrfəl əˈbaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ ə bæd ˈɪntərnˌʃɪp ʃoʊd ðə rɪˈspɑns tɪ. ˈnoʊtɪsɪŋ ðət ðiz ˈdɪfərənt rɪˈspɑnsɪz tɪ wər ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə ˌdɪfərˈɛnʃəl rɪˈspɑnsɪz ɪn ˈænəməlz tɪ ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃənz əv, ər norepinephrine*, neɪm ðə rɪˈspɑnsɪz 'taɪp i' (laɪk rɪˈspɑns), ənd 'taɪp ɛn' laɪk ðə rɪˈspɑns. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt, hi θiəraɪzd ðət wɑz ə ˈkɔrəˌleɪt əv ðə ˈiˌmoʊʃən əv fɪr, ənd ðət wɑz ə ˈkɔrəˌleɪt əv ðə ˈiˌmoʊʃən əv ˈæŋgər. ˈθɪri həz bɪn bɔrn aʊt, æt list tɪ ə dɪˈgri. e.g*., (ənd ˈəðərz) hæv ˌɪnfˈjuzd i ər ni ˈɪntu ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz, tɪ lərn wət ðɛr ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl rɪˈspɑns wʊd bi. ðə ˈtɪpɪkəl rɪˈzəlt ɪz ðət ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz hu (ˈblaɪndli) gɪt i tɛnd tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ə ˈfilɪŋ əv ˌæprɪˈhɛnʃən əv fɪr. ðeɪ ˈɔfən ədˈmɪt ðət ðeɪ kænt si wət ðɛr ɪz tɪ bi əˈfreɪd əv (ɪn ðə læb), bət stɪl rɪˈpɔrt ˈfilɪŋ ˈfɪrfəl. ðɪs həz bɪn tərmd 'koʊld fɪr' ðoʊz hu gɪt ni (ˈblaɪndli) tɛnd tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ˈæŋgər ənd hɑˈstɪləti. əˈgɛn, ðeɪ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ədˈmɪt ðət ðeɪ kænt ɪkˈspleɪn ɪt, bət du fil ˈæŋgri. i.e*., 'koʊld ˈæŋgər'. ˈsɛkʃən ˈsəməri: ɪt əˈpɪrz ˈlaɪkli ðət ðə breɪn ˈɪnəˌgreɪts ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm ðə ˈsoʊʃəl səraʊnd, ənd ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ sɛnd ˌdɪfərˈɛnʃəl ˈsɪgnəlz tɪ ðə əˈdrinəl mɪˈdələ, tɪ riˈlis mɔr i (wɪn fɪr ɪz ˈjusfəl), ər mɔr ni (wɪn ˈæŋgər ɪz ˈjusfəl). ðə ˌdɪfərˈɛnʃəl ˈnʊrəl ˈpæθˌweɪ ɪz ʤɪst bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ bi ˌəndərˈstʊd, ˌænəˈtɑməkli. ɪt ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ðət bɪˈheɪvjər ˈstədiz fərst ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd. ɪn moʊst ˈjumən səˈsaɪɪtiz, ɪf nɑt ɔl, ɪt ɪz məʧ mɔr ˈkɑmən fər meɪlz tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs ˈfɪzɪkəl əˈgrɛʃən. ənd ɪt həz lɔŋ bɪn noʊn ðət ðə haɪər ˈlɛvəlz əv ˌtɛˈstɑstərˌoʊn ər ə ˈpɑrʃəl ˈbeɪsɪs fər ðɪs. e.g*., -ˌkæˈstreɪʃən rɪˈdusɪz ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɪn moʊst ˈspiʃiz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ mæn -ˈwɪmən wɪθ haɪ ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ ʃoʊ ˈfɪzɪkəl əˈgrɛʃən -ˈtritmənt wɪθ həz hæd səm ˈlɪmɪtɪd səkˈsɛs, fər əˈgrɛsɪv ˈkrɪmənəlz -ə ˈrisənt rɪˈpɔrt kəmˈpɛrɪŋ twɪnz hu wər ˈdɪfərənt fər ˈmɛʒərd əˈgrɛʃən faʊnd ðət ðə mɔr əˈgrɛsɪv hæd haɪər ˌtɛˈstɑstərˌoʊn. ˈsɛkʃən ˈsəməri: ɪt əˈpɪrz ˈlaɪkli ðət hæv bɪn pʊt tɪ juz ɛz ˈsəbˌstreɪts fər ˈoʊvərt əˈgrɛʃən, ɪn ˈmɛni ˈspiʃiz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɑrz. səm fud fər θɔt: ɪt ɪz ˈtɪpɪkəl ɪn moʊst ˈfæməliz tɪ tiʧ lɛs əˈgrɛʃən (doʊnt hɪt jʊr ˈsɪstər) (stɑp pleɪɪŋ soʊ rəf) (ˈnɛvər gaʊʤ ˈɛnibədiz aɪz ju maɪt blaɪnd ðɛm) ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət wi, əˈspɛʃəli bɔɪz, hæv kənˈsɪdərəbəl draɪv təˈwɔrd ˈfɪzɪkəl əˈgrɛʃən, ənd ðɪs həz tɪ bi toʊnd daʊn, tɪ fɪt ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnˌtrækt. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ðət ˈərli ɔn wi lərn rulz əˈbaʊt ˈfaɪtɪŋ fɛr ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈdərti: du nɑt poʊk aɪz du nɑt baɪt du nɑt rɪp ˈnɑstrəlz du nɑt hɪt ˈtɛˌstɪkəlz du nɑt juz rɑk ˈbroʊkən glæs ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. du nɑt kənˈtɪnju ˈpaʊndɪŋ ɪf əˈpoʊnənt gɪvz əp ðiz sim tɪ bi pɑrt əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnˌtrækt: kəmˈpit ɛz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri, bət doʊnt kɔz dɛθ ər ˈlæstɪŋ hɑrm ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ðət ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ˈbrænʧɪz əv pəˈlis ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri gɪv spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈtreɪnɪŋ tɪ fərˈgɛt ðə əˈbəv rulz: krəʃ ðə gaʊʤ ðə aɪz rɪp ðə ˈnɑstrəlz ˈəpwərd baɪt ˈɛniˌtaɪm ɪt kən hɛlp əˈtæk ðə ˈtɛˌstɪkəlz juz ˈɛni ˈwɛpən ju kən gɪt jʊr hænz ɔn kɪl jʊr əˈpoʊnənt (ɪn ˈsərtən ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz) ɪt həz ˈɔfən bɪn rɪˈmɑrkt ðət faɪts ˈjuʒəwəli bɪˈgɪn wɪθ ən 'incitation*' steɪʤ. ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈækʧəwəl faɪt ðɛr ɪz neɪm ˈkɔlɪŋ, ˈpʊʃɪŋ ənd ˈʃəvɪŋ, ˈpəfɪŋ əp, θrɛts, ˌɪnˈsəlts (ˈspɪtɪŋ ɪn feɪs, sˈlæpɪŋ wɪθ glove/hand*, kaʊərd, ˈsɪsi, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə). ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət ðə steɪʤ sərvz tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˌtɛˈstɑstərˌoʊn riˈlis (ənd ˈmeɪbi ni riˈlis), tɪ hɛlp ˈboʊlstər ðə mæn ɪn ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ faɪt. səm ˈkɔrələts əv haɪər ˌtɛˈstɑstərˌoʊn ˈlɛvəlz: -ˈwɪnɪŋ ə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən baɪ skɪl (ˈtɛnɪs) -ˈwɪnɪŋ ə faɪt (ˈluzər həz loʊər ti) -ˈwɪnɪŋ ə praɪz, baɪ əˈbɪləˌti ənd draɪv -ɪgˈzərtɪŋ ˈdɑmənəns ɪn ən ərnd pəˈzɪʃən (bɔrd ˈʧɛrmən, ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɔfɪsər ər non-com*) ɪf səkˈsɛs ɪz sin tɪ bi lək, nɑt skɪl, ðɛn ðɛr ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli noʊ raɪz ɪn ti kloʊz, ˈtɛnɪs ˈmæʧɪz, ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd baɪ ə pɔɪnt, ˈjuʒəwəli ʃoʊ noʊ raɪz ɪn ti, fər ˈwɪnər ˈwɪnərz əv geɪmz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd baɪ ʧæns ˈjuʒəwəli ʃoʊ noʊ raɪz ɪn ti ˈwɪnɪŋ baɪ ˈʧitɪŋ ˈjuʒəwəli ʃoʊz noʊ raɪz ɪn ti ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət wi hæv tɪ wɪn ˈfɛrli (wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnˌtrækt), baɪ strɛŋθ ənd skɪl, tɪ gɪt ðə raɪz ɪn ti wət əˈbaʊt ˈwɪmən?? -məʧ lɛs ɪz noʊn, əˈlæs. ˈwʊmən kən əv kɔrs bi fɪrs kəmˈpɛtɪtərz, du ðeɪ gɪt səˈpɔrt frəm əˈdrinəl ni ənd i ˈprɑbəˌbli. du ðeɪ gɪt səˈpɔrt frəm əˈdrinəl riˈlis. aɪ doʊnt noʊ. ɪt simz ˈprɑbəbəl. ˌrivˈju ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən 3 noʊ rikˈwaɪərd klæs ˈmitɪŋ. ˈʤɛnərəl klæs dɪˈskəʃən əv ˈpriviəs məˈtɪriəl, fər ðoʊz hu əˈtɛnd. ˌθæŋksˈgɪvɪŋ ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ bɪˈgɪn feɪz ˈkɑrənt ˈfaɪndɪŋz
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recaps of class meetings, phase 3:
10/30/96: maternal behavior of the lab rat rattus norvegicus
sire / dam / pups
despite an early failure by calvin stone to demonstrate the influence of blood-borne substance on the development of maternal behavior, terkel was later able to transfer maternal behavior from a new mother rat to a virgin rat, using exchange of blood via a small pump. later examinations of stone's parabiosis procedure concluded that it should have worked, but must have been blocked by an unseen blood clot during the operation to connect the blood vessels of the two rats.
even though it now seems clear that something in the blood does influence the display of maternal behavior, we do not as yet have a 'recipe' of exactly what hormones to inject to accomplish this. but researchers are getting close to a solution of the puzzle.
the 22-day gestation period of the rat can be divided into 3, one-week, trimesters. in trimester 1, almost nothing changes in the female's behavior. during trimester 2, she becomes a bit less active, and starts gaining weight. during trimester 3, she becomes more lethargic, develops her mammary tissue, gains weight and, about day 19-21 builds a nest if she has something to build with, and the room is not too hot.
just prior to parturition, she can be seen stretching out her hind legs, and full body. for delivery of the first pup, she sits on her haunches, bends forward between her hind legs, and licks her vaginal area. as the pup emerges, she assists the birth by pulling with her paws and teeth. after it is born, she stretches the umbliical cord between the placenta and pup, and either breaks it or bites it loose, then eats the placenta. she strips the pup of its fetal membranes, and licks it. she usually leaves it wherever it was born, and proceeds to deliver # 2, then 3-10 or so. then she begins retrieving them one by one to her nest, with a full body carry, without cutting them with her teeth.
when she has all in the nest, she goes into a nursing crouch -- spread-eagled over them, so they can find a nipple, and suckle. the pups are very altricial, but can find a nipple, attach, and eat. she spends quite a bit of time in the nest with them, keeping them warm, as they cannot control their own temperature.
for the first week or so the mother must lick the pups abdomen and anal and urinary areas, to simulate defecation and urination; else the pups will impact and die.
during week 2, the pups' eyes open, their fur becomes evident, and they start to move around. as they leave the nest, the mother retrieves them back. she very gradually gives up on retrieving them back, when they become too active for her to succeed in keeping them in the nest.
during weeks 3 and 4, the pups gradually gain the ability to run and climb, and to eat solid food. sometime during week 3 or 4 the mother weans them, by refusing them access to her nipples. this may or may not be her reaction to their developing teeth.
this species has extremely altricial young. they appear underdeveloped when born, and have very few capabilities. the mother furnishes heavy support for them - else they would die. in the lab rat, the sire is not much help, and may even be a danger to the pups. the mother will defend her nest against strangers and, sometimes, against the sire.
11/1/96: maternal behavior of the rat (cont'd) and comparisons with the lab mousemus domesticus: sire / dam / pups
in the late 30's and early 40's oscar riddle and colleagues published a number of studies reporting that prolactin was "the" maternal hormone, based on their results with the lab rat. this assertion was then picked up by a number of psych textbooks. -but it ain't so simple! a number of people, including me, have tried to replicate this work, but could not. it seems likely that prolactin may have something to do with the display of maternal behavior, but simple injections of prolactin to a virgin rat will not do it.
in the 30's also, wiesner and sheard published a book entitled "the maternal behavior of the laboratory rat." their descriptions are still accurate and useful. they describe a technique of inducing maternal behavior in the rat, a technique they gave the odd name of concaveation. basically it consists of placing 1-3 day-old rat pups overnight with a test animal, and then returning the pups to their mother in the morning, so they can eat. for most rats, 7 days of concaveation will bring them into maternal state. males sometimes take a little longer. virgin females can also be induced to begin lacation with this technique. there have been reports of induction of lactation in males, too.
the main use of concaveation now is to measure the 'maternal tendency' of a rat, since without concaveation, the measurement is either yes or no, for retrieving of pups. using concaveation, a researcher can try a hormone injection regimen, and then see if the 7-day concaveation period has been reduced or not. currently, there are hormone regimens that can reduce the concaveation requirement to 1 or 2 days, but none to my knowledge that can reduce concaveation to 0 (i.e., immediate retrieving).
rosenblatt, bridges, and colleagues have also determined that caesarian section of pregnant rats will hasten the onset of maternal behaviors, as measured by the reduction in concaveation requirements. after about day 10 of pregnancy, the removal of the pups by c-section will reduce the concaveation requirement to display mb. this reduction has been termed the pregnancy termination effect. it may be due to the release of pressure, or to the removal of placental hormones, or even to the stress of the operation.
the lab mouse mb is very similar to that of the rat, though their gestation period is about 1 day shorter (21 days). in the lab mouse, however, the male (father, usually) is useful in that he will sit in the nest and keep the pups warm. he of course cannot feed them milk (male mice do not have even vestigial nipples). most of the research on mb has used either the rat or the mouse. this may have been a mistake, as these species are not really very typical of mammals in that they both have a very short estrus cycle, skipping the luteal phase unless mating has occurred. but we will see. if someone can devise a hormone injection regimen that can key off mb in a fairly short time, that regimen or a similar one may be found to influence mb in other mammals, including people.
11/4/96 - maternal behavior of the domesticated rabbit oryctolagus cuniculus: buck / doe / kits
student lecturers: kelsey hartman & mike clapp
the doe rabbit's puberty is at about 8 months, although rabbit breeders advise not breeding her until 1 year. her estrus cycle is hard to discern, as she is an induced ovulator -- she does not ovulate until after sexual excitement such as breeding by a buck rabbit, or being mounted by another female. this excitement results in a surge of fsh which matures the ova in about 10 hours, and then she ovulates, presumably after a surge of lh.
her gestation period is about 30-32 days. there is little change during the 1st trimester; some weight gain in the 2d, more weight gain in the 3rd, along with nest-building near term at about day 29-32. she will build a nest in a burrow with grass and twigs, and then line it with her body hair. for about a day, near term, her belly hair loosens. she then pulls it out with her teeth, and lines her nest with it. the doe usually has her kits in the nest. if she 'scatters' them, or eats them, this is a sign of bad maternal behavior. "scattered' kits usually do not survive, as the mother does not retrieve.
the doe typically nurses her kits only once per day. this may be to minimize the danger of predators finding her and them. the kits are altricial (blind, etc.), but not quite so altricial as rat and mouse pups. their eyes open at about 2 weeks. the doe may nurse them for 4-10 weeks. during most of her lactation period she is very protective of the nest and kits, and will threaten and bite intruders.
if the doe is sexually excited by a female mount or that of a vasectomized buck, she will usually go into pseudopregnancy for 30 days or so -- about the same time that real pregnancy would have lasted. the doe often has a post-partum estrus, and may breed again if the buck is present. however, is she is nursing litter 1, she will usually resorb litter 2 at about day 10 of their development. if she loses litter 1 however, and is not nursing, she will probably carry litter 2 to term.
rabbits are in extensive use in research. despite many tries we do not as yet have a 'recipe' of hormone injections that will reliably elicit maternal behavior. however, sequential injections of estrogen, progesterone, then prolactin (mimicking levels during normal pregnancy) will bring most does into lactation; it sometimes succeeds in causing bucks to lactate, as well. rabbits are often used to produce antibodies for research and for medical use, as they are large and produce good quantities.
since rabbits do not retrieve, this cannot be used as an index of their maternal behavior. instead, the typical response used is the presence or absence of a hair-lined nest. when a doe lines her nest with hair, this is a good indicator that she is in maternal condition, and will take good care of kits (nursing; little cannibalization; little scattering).
11/6/96: maternal behavior in the domesticated sheep, ovis aries: ram / ewe / lambs
student lecturers: laura hodgkins & autumn van kirk
the ewe undergoes puberty at about 9 months, although sheep herders usually prefer to delay breeding until she is 12 months or more. she has a 16-17 day estrus cycle, and is said to be 'seasonally polyestrous' in that her cycles occur in september through december. the ram is also somewhat seasonal in his sexual interests.
toward the end of gestation, the ewe tends to separate from the flock somewhat, and find a secluded place for the birth. in domestic sheep, 'lambing sheds' are often provided so that the ese can be alone with her lamb when it is born. just before parturition the ewe is seen to be restless, and sometimes grunts often. she lies down for the birth which takes about 30 min. she may have 1, 2, or 3 lambs --this is somewhat dependent upon the race or breed of sheep.
after the birth she eats the placenta and licks the lamb dry. this period is very important for formation of the mother-infant bond. if licking of the lamb is denied the mother, she may not want the lamb when it is offered to her later. the lamb is precocious, and soon stands and finds its mother's udder for its first meal. if the lamb is removed from the mother for more than a few hours, she may not accept it back. if she has had several hours alone with the lamb, just after birth, the bond seems stronger, and able to withstand longer absences.
the ewe-lamb pair or group stay in close proximity for several months, although they gradually rejoin the herd. the lamb usually follows it mother, nursing from time to time. however, the lamb will try to suckle from other ewes, who recognize that it is not theirs, and butt it away.
it is sometimes necessary or desired to have a ewe adopt a lamb that it not her own. many strategies have been devised to help this process, such as draping the adoptee with fetal membranes, etc. none was very successful. poindron and colleagues, however, discovered that vaginal stimulation of the ewe prior to introduction of the adoptee lamb would result in adoption by the ewe most of the time. the vaginal vibrator causes a release of oxytocin, which must facilitate the adoption.
lambs can graze within a few weeks of birth, and are usually weaned between 3 and 6 months.
maternal behavior in the wyoming elk, cervus elaphus canadensis: buck / doe / fawn, or stag / cow / calf
student lecturers: erin zumwalt, kaisa mcdonnall & hillary boudeman
after puberty at 2 or 3 years, the doe elk breeds and has an 8 1/2 month gestation period. prior to parturition, she drives away her yearling fawn by threats and butts. she delivers the fawn while standing, and then turns, eats the placenta and licks the fawn so it will stand. when it stands, she positions herself so it has easy access to her udder, for its first, cirtical meal. if it cannot stand and reach the udder, it will probably die.
after its meal, the doe pushes it down with her head, to hide it in the bushes. the fawn has very little odor, and remains very still to avoid drawing the attention of predators. the doe then rejoins the herd to graze. she returns from time to time to check on the fawn and to feed. it. sometimes elk mothers will 'play nurse' and check on each others fawns. the doe returns to the fawn in the evening, and spends the night with it or them.
after the first few days, the doe begins to integrate the fawn into the herd, where it soon begins to play rush and flight, and water games with other youngsters. the fawns also practice mounting each other. during this phase they seem to learn some of the communication signals in the herd, such as the meaning of the 'high step' warning gait, and the freezing posture. sometimes the doe (cow) will join or initiate games with the fawn (calf).
when the herd migrates it must cross streams and rivers. the early initiation to water seems to help the fawn avoid fear of these crossings. during crossings, the mother places the offspring upstream from her, so she can help hold it from being washed away by strong currents, as they swim across.
the mother-infant bond may seem to be broken when the mother chases away her yearling just before the next breeding season. but, cows have been know to 're-adopt' their yearling (who is nearly as big as the mother), and let it nurse again, after the breeding season. also, there are indications that the pair remain somwhat bonded for much of their life.
11/8/96: parental behaviors in the baboon, papio papio: male / female / infant
student lecturers: dan berkey & jill ridley
baboons go through puberty at about 3 years, although the males must wait for several more years before they are large enough to achieve enough dominance status to mate. the female's gestation period is about 6 months. she usually delivers at night, when the troop is stationary, in the trees. however, a few day deliveries have been observed; she assumes a squatting position, and helps the delivery by pulling on the infant with her hands. she then cuts the umbilical cord, eats the placenta, cleans the infant, and puts it to breast. the infant remains in almost constant body contact with its mother for a period of months.
the infant is altricial, but its eyes are open, and it can grip onto its mothers ventrum and hang on as she walks. if the troop moves for a long period, the infant may tire, and drop its hind legs. if the mother can do so and not lose contact with the troop, she will stop and hold the infant in her arms a while to let it rest. if she must keep moving, she will sweep the infant back to her ventrum with one arm, and may even help hold it there is it is necessary.
a mother with a new infant effectively goes to the top of the heap in rank, and stays in the center, most protected area of the troop. the troop members are extremely interested in the infant, and try to get the mother to let them hold it. she usually refuses, except to dominant males. if a dominant male takes the infant he usually examines it closely, and then gives it back without harm. but this is a traumatic interaction for the mother. low ranking females sometimes give up their infants briefly to other, higher ranking females.
the mother keeps the infant in her arms as she sleeps in a tree. during the course of the first few months the year-olds try to entice the infant away from its mother, to play. the infant very tentatively will try this, and then run back to its mother. the year-olds are very gentle with it, but if it cries the mother immediately intervenes. a bit later, when the infant is actually playing with the year-olds, a cry from it will quickly bring intervention from the nearest adult male, too.
after about 3 months, the infant will try to ride on its mother's back. at first it lies spread-eagled, crosswise. then it lines up, but still rides spread-eagled, face down. gradually as it gains strength and balance, it will sit up, jockey position. when it is able to ride, this makes things much easier for its mother, as while it is hanging beneath it makes walking and running much harder for her.
the infant may nurse for 10-12 months before the mother weans it. it has been eating some solid food long before it is weaned. as it gets older, it likes to play on the adult males, who are extremely tolerant of it, letting it climb and sit on their head, poke at eyes, pull fur, etc. the males seldom seem to discipline it, although the mother sometimes will give it a push, mock bite, or hold it down, for discipline.
during her lactational period, the female skips estrus/menstrual cycles. the hormone balance necessary for constant lactation seem to exert an effect on her pituitary to delay cyles until after lactation is over. however, is she loses the infant, her milk will dry up, and she will begin cycling again.
parental behavior in humans, homo sapiens sapiensmale / female / infant, or father / mother / baby
puberty in humans occurs around 11-14 in females, and around 12-15 for males. gestation averages about 10 lunar months, i.e., 280 days. the human infant is also altricial, more so than the baboon, but less so than the rat or mouse. it takes about 6 months for the human baby to get to the developmental stage seen in newborn baboons, and the baboon infant matures much faster than does the human.
infant care is relegated largely to females --usually the mother -- in most societies. time-sampling of parental care in a western society concluded that the father cares for the infant less then 30 minutes a day on average, leaving the rest of the 24 hours to the mother.
though cognitive development in humans is such that essentially any person can care for an infant fairly well, it does seem to me likely that humans also get some impetus from hormones to increase maternal responsiveness. a new mother is extremely interested in her baby, very protective, etc. men on average are interested, but usually not as intently as the mother. and, we can look at this issue in another way: when a new mother is so atypical as to throw her baby in the dumpster or toilet, most of us are shocked at this huge departure from usual maternal behavior. a complication of course, is our cognitive development, with some new mothers understanding that they cannot support the baby, or even deal with it in their social (perhaps teenage, unmarried) situation. so it is hard to be sure whether there has been a failure of maternal hormones when the baby is killed or thrown out. or whether social pressures have overwhelmed what would have been a natural maternal tendency in the mother.
interestingly, as shown by r.v. short, in societies where mothers nurse their babies night and day for 3 years or so, they also show lactational amenorrhea, i.e., no menstrual cycles until after weaning. this seems to be a natural way of spacing births. in most western societies the intensity of nursing is not sufficient to stop cycles, and pregnancy can occur again during her nursing period. short also discuss many of the advantages of breast feeding, including transfer of needed antibodies, less diarrhea (a principal cause of infant mortality), convenience, low cost, and mother-infant bonding. as we know, many in western society see disadvantages, including great inconvenience for working mothers, and cosmetic changes such as breast-shape. and many mothers combine breast and bottle feeding.
as we know, the development of human children is a long process, with sitting up and crawling about 6 months, walking at about 12 months, toilet control by 24 months usually, but brain and intelligence growth until about 16 years of age. and even then, our children are not considered fully mature (driver's license - 16; voting 18 (previously 21); legal adult at 21, etc. and many of us after 21 are still 'training' i.e., in school, etc. the parent-child bond seems to lessen somewhat as the teenage years go by, but in most cases never really ceases.
general: one clear lesson that we can draw from our cross-species survey of maternal behaviors is that species have evolved in such a way that the very different demands of offspring in different species are met adequately by a parent -often the mother- and, as the offspring matures and acquires more capabilities, the support given by its parent lessens, until after maturity the offspring functions independently.
11/11/96: introduction to agonistic behaviors
student lecturers: jeanne huestis & kari mau
we use the term agonistic, so we can include both aggressive behaviors, and responses such as submissive behaviors and other behaviors that we and other species use to respond to aggression.
ken moyers has several times listed categories of aggression, as he sees it. of course, his list changes a bit from time to time. here is one of the moyer lists:
1. predatory aggression - (does this seem like a type of aggression?)
2. inter-male aggression - in most species, most overt aggression is by males.
3. terror-induced (or fear-induced) - as in "a cornered rat will fight"
4. irritable - as in rat foot-shock experiments, to stimulate fighting
5. territorial defense - in many species. both male and female show this
6. defense of young (maternal aggression) - usually by the female
7. instrumental - usually a learned aggression, as in lab reinforcement for attacking/fighting
of course, other categorizations are possbile. but we will work with the moyer categories, at least at first, and try to find hormonal correlates for each type
there are many possible response to aggression besides fighting back. fleeing or at least leaving is a common response. there are also a number of submissive postures or gestures that are somewhat species-specific. in humans, e.g., we have many submission gestures, such as (in order of amount), bowing the head, bowing from the waist, kneeling (as before a monarch, or in prayer), kneeling with head to ground, prostration (again as before some monarchs, or perhaps a monk in prayer). kissing can also signal a degree of submission, e.g. kissing cheek (essentially equals), kissing hand (some submission, as gentleman to lady), kissing knee (deep submission), kissing foot or ground near foot (abject submission). hand-shaking is also a signal -- originally that intentions were friendly, i.e., no weapon in hand. it essentially signifies equality. it is used very differently in different cultures, for example it is rare in france between man and woman, who would prob. kiss cheeks instead. saluting, as in military is a direct signal of submission: the lower ranking person offers an immediate hand salute to a higher ranking person of any military service, including those of allied countries. the higher ranking then acknowledges their relative status, by returning the salute.
also involved in some of the social interchanges that may include some threat or aggression are the distances that we maintain from others (these differ, by culture -- further in us, australia and n. europe; closer in mediterranean countries). it is not uncommon that a breach of 'individual distance' - that is, someone comes closer to us than our 'individual distance' requires, we feel quite uncomfortable, and may even see this close approach as threatening or aggressive. in western societies, average individual distances are something like 2 1/2 to 4 ft. -- just out of arms reach! this probably tells us that we are not expecting to be touched, and that touching will probably be resented. yes, we know some strong counter-examples, pres. clinton, for example. interestingly, it is usually considered that the person who offers a shoulder embrace or some such touch is being dominant, and the receiver is put in a subordinate position. but there are certainly exceptions. for example, it is usual to offer small back-pats of encouragement to someone who has been hurt, while you are waiting for help.
cultures that have a very small individual distance sometimes say that friends should be close enough in a conversation that they can smell each other. and anything further is considered cold-fish. naturally, us, australian, n. european people are sometimes considered cold by mediterranean peoples, when the us person keeps backing off to 3-4 ft., as the other keeps trying to get within decent conversational distance - say 1 ft.!
notice the trouble we are still having with hand-shaking: originally, the subordinate offered his hand, to prove it was empty of weapons. gradually, the offer came to be made almost simultaneously, but it is still awkward. most men watch carefully for a small sign of an upcoming handshake, and then rapidly respond so it seems simultaneous (to show equality). this is compounded by handshakes between men and women. originally, the woman offered her hand to be kissed. a gentleman responded by kissing the hand (showing mild subordination as a courtesy). now that offering a hand for kissing is rare, who should offer a hand for shaking first? most books on etiquette say for a man to wait for a woman to offer her hand, not to put his hand out first. but, his waiting tends to signal some dominance-intent, and is thus mildly confusing in many social situations. many french people consider that for a man to shake hands with a young girl he has just met is a signal that they have some 'understanding'. since it would be improper for them to have an 'understanding' when they have barely met, handshaking between sexes should be avoided.
11/13/96: agonistic behaivors(cont'd) + rats and mice
** an 'old exam 3' has been placed in norlin reserve **
agonistic behavior, cont'd:
all individuals need some assertiveness or aggressiveness, to obtain what they need.
however, individuals in groups need a balance: too much aggression and they will be driven off, and will probably die; too little, and they will not obtain what they need.
the needed balance is what ardrey calls the 'social contract'.
some more types of aggression:
** verbal
** isolation-induced
** passive
** displaced
** frustration-induced
rats/mice
** mostly males
** mostly post-pubertal
** mostly for dominance
** mostly androgen-based (cf. castration)
** first to attack often wins
** territory holder often wins
** early success leads to more wins
** side-ways attack- use claws (& look bigger +fluff)
** no good submission posture - loser should run
** not usually fight to death, but sometimes, in lab
** 'pecking order' changes fights to threats
** pheromones (females are seldom attacked)
calhoun 'behavioral sink' experiment
** 4 connected pens, all with food, water, bedding
** allow to breed and increase
** alpha males;
*** intermediate males;
**** omega males;
***** 'prober' males
** females & reproductive success
** as population increased, reproductive success declined
** excitement of the sink (cf. city)
** interpretation: breakdown of rat social contract
11/15/96: agonistic behaviors in the domesticated dog, canis familiaris, and in the spotted hyena, crocuta crocuta
** 'old exam 3' is in norlin reserve, and on web **
** class on wed., nov 27 is optional. i will attend and discuss term papers, materials already covered, life on the 3rd rock, etc., if any of you wish to attend.
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agonistic behaviors (cont'd):
dog (canis familiaris)
most breeds of dogs do seem to vie for dominance, by postures, threats, fights, etc.
the competition for dominance seems to be much stronger in dogs than in bitches, though bitches fight too.
is this aggression related to androgen levels?
**it does seem to be, at least partially. dogs castrated at birth are less likely to attain high status.
**but, as beach, and leboeuf showed, with beagles, castration after puberty did not preclude a castrate dog from achieving high status --above the status of some intact dogs.
**it is interesting that most adoption agencies insist on castration as part of adoption, but advise waiting until after puberty for the castration.
**leboeuf and beach also reported that their castrates remained interested in sex, although they couldn't 'lock' due to small penis and bulbis glandis.
why do aggressive tendency and interest in sex remain after post-pubertal castration in dogs?
**-androgen-influenced neural circuits already formed -?
**-aggression and coitus have already been learned -?
**-adrenal androgens continue, and support these activities -?
**-other -?
threat postures:
**head up, tail up (tail may be wagging!), staring, ears back, ruff up on neck and back, 'chesty' appearance, low-pitched growl
submission postures for dog:
**look away; run back a few steps; do not use threat postures; roll belly-up; invite play, with head down between forepaws (bowing) with rump up.
**dogs often attack with a leap up and toward the other, to be on top
**some dogs will roll belly-up, to give-up the fight. this is often seen in puppies.
**some dogs fight with belly up, to use claws on all 4 feet, so belly-up is not always a submission posture
**exposing neck and belly, and ceasing to fight, seems to work as submission. fatalities are unusual. the loser often cowers, runs away, etc.
will dogs fight with bitches?
yes. they usually investigate for estrus, first.
will bitches start a fight?
yes. often to protect pups, or their territory.
testicular androgen-influenced?
**probably. males usually larger, and early castration seems to reduce both size and aggression.
**but not completely. females can fight very well. castrates can fight very well. - adrenal androgens-?
pheromones?
**yes. note extensive urine marking by males, and extreme sensitivity to estrus urine and other odors.
**most canids have highly developed, extremely sensitive olfactory systems. e.g., bloodhounds.
is learning involved?
**probably. most owners try to train their dogs not to fight, not to bite people. and this works fairly well.
**but dogs can be trained to fight, to attack (e.g., pit bull; guard dogs
tentative conclusions:
this and related species have evolved to live in groups (packs), have evolved for dominance competition, and for defense of lair and territory. it is likely that both testicular and adrenal androgens are used in support of these behaviors. in lactating females, it is likely that prolactin also plays a role in defense of her litter.
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spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta)
study of this species tends to broaden our horizons!
females are larger than males.
females are dominant to males
females have external genitalia that mimic those of males, but are even bigger
hyena pups are extremely aggressive, from birth
how does this happen?
-apparently this species evolved in such a way that the females secrete large amounts of androstenedione in their uterus, and can convert this to testosterone. also, the androgens pass through the placenta, to the fetuses. this masculinizes the females very dramatically.
why does this happen?
well, this is harder. j.p. goulds suggests that it originated as a way to give females the aggression they need to compete with other hyenas in the clan -??
pheromones?
yes, 'scent pasting' with secretions from anal gland
postures?
yes, e.g., a dominant, higher-rank hyena waits, and allows lower rank hyena to come up and sniff. both tend to erect penis or clitoris, as part of the meeting
group?
yes, the clan, of 40 or so. there is pretty intense competion within the clan, but adults usually do not kill one another. clans do fight each other, and this sometimes results in some deaths.
jaws?
can crush and digest large bones of buffalo or cow. dung is grey-white, from digested bone. can carry a man or antelope, in jaws.
submission signals?
there must be, as any adult could bite another one in two.
general conclusions:
androgens are potent agents for development toward male-like morphology, even in females
androgens can be potent agents for increasing aggressivity
androgens can exert their effects on aggressivity even while the cubs are in utero, as it is common for a new- born female to kill her twin almost immediately after birth. it's less common for a female cub to kill her male twin.
11/18/96: agonistic behaviors in the elk, cervus elaphus canadensis, and in elephant seals, mirounga angustirostris
elk: student lecturers:
cervus elaphus canadensis
the stags over-winter in bachelor groups.
they need to browse on nutrient-rich forage, as grasses are not sufficient for their antler growth.
about mid-march each year, they cast their antlers. sometimes they chew on the cast antlers, indicating they are short of nutrients.
their new antlers begin growing again almost immediately. they are covered by soft skin, called 'velvet'
when 'in velvet' the stags do not fight much at all. if they are threatened, they use their forefeet and slash with their hooves, keeping the antlers out of the way.
about september, the antlers begin 'cleaning' i.e., they begin shedding the velvet, which comes off in strips of dead skin.
also about mid-september the stags come into breeding condition, or 'rut'
until rut, their testes have been small and inactive. prior to rut, the testes grow and begin function. this is called testicular recrudescence.
each large stag now tries to establish a rutting ground.
he will urinate in the dirt and on himself, and then roll in the 'wallow' to get scent all over himself.
he may thrash bushes with his antlers, 'bugle' loudly to attract does, and have pushing matches with any other stag who does not back out of his desired rutting ground.
the does are attracted by his bugling, and start to assemble around each large stag.
the stag also 'herds' the does, to help keep them in his harem. he may have several bouts or fights with other stags who won't back down from his threat displays and bugling.
the jousting stags often run together for a hundred yards or so, looking for high ground or other advantage. then they wheel and attempt to jam their antlers into the other one.
usually they meet with antlers, and then push back and forth in a test of strength.
when the weaker sees that he is losing, he disengages and tries to run away. if he is not quick, he may get gored.
there does not seem to be a good appeasement posture or gesture. the loser has to get well out of the rutting ground.
the alpha stag with his harem of does will keep herding his does, waiting for their estrus. he loses a lots of weight, as he doesn't have much time to eat.
sometimes a stag who started rut too early is so weak by the time breeding season starts, that he is displaced by a later-rutting stag, who takes over.
the alpha stag tries to accomplish all breeding in his harem. as part of his testing for estrus, he may put in nose under the urine stream, as a female urinates. he then blows the urine out in a spray. this behavior is called flehmen some cats do it, too.
it seems to be a way of chemically sampling the urine for estrogen metabolites that indicate the female is in estrus.
after the breeding season, the does form their own herd, consisting of females, and immature elk, and led by a senior cow.
the stags form a loose bachelor herd, and move off to their own browsing grounds.
elephant seals
student lecturers: laura hodgkins & autumn van kirk
most of the fighting with elephant seals is among the large males. the females squabble among themselves for room for their pup, etc., but do not really fight.
the males begin 'hauling out' in december each year, and begin vying for dominance with each other. the losers may retreat back into the ocean, and then swim around the island and find a quiet beach where they stay resting and sleeping for most of the breeding season.
by the time the pregnant females and younger seals begin hauling out in january, the good beaches have been each taken over by a powerful alpha male. as the females congregate on the beach, the alpha male will move to their midst and claim the harem. he then spends a lot of his time issuing threats to other males to keep away, or fighting them, if they won't stay away.
if the harem master sees or hears a male challenging him, he will rear up, with nose hanging in his mouth, and bellow back. if that male has previously been vanquished, it will probably retreat. if not, it will probably advance toward the harem. the harem master also advances toward the interloper, stopping to rear and bellow now and then.
when the males meet chest to chest, they swing their head back and forth to swing their long nose out of the way, and try to get a good bite in on the other's neck. the neck has thickened, keratin tissue, on it about an inch thick, but still can be torn and wounded. the bulls also try to bite the other's nose, if possible. when they get a good hold on a nose, they swing it back and forth, shredding it. this is a bad loss for the one whose nose got caught. occasionally a bull catches his own nose in his teeth, and bites through it. this damage may cause him to back down.
most fights only last a few minutes before the loser wheels quickly and tries to get away. the winner often gets another bite or two in on the losers rear end or rear flippers, as it flees. the winner then goes back to guarding his harem from the next would-be interloper.
if bulls are evenly matched, say between an alpha bull and a beta, the fight may go on for 30 minutes or so, leaving both quite exhausted. because of their thick coat of blubber, the animals tend to overheat easily, and have to pause, rest, cool off, and then continue fighting.
sometimes it seems not to be the best of tactics to become an alpha bull too early, as then he has to fight for most of the season. since the seals don't eat while on the island, he loses a lot of weight and strength, and may be deposed just before the females come into estrus.
bulls seem to be in peak form and strength when they are about 9-12 years old. as they age, they will be deposed, but may be able to hold alpha status for a period of a few years.
because of the heavy protection afforded these animals, not much is known of their hormone levels. we can assume, however, that rising androgen levels are a significant contributor to the fighting spirit of the bulls. for example, all the seals come back to the island around june or july, to molt (shed and renew their fur pelts). at this time there is no fighting and no sex. it seems clear that the males have an annual recrudescence of their testes, with renewed growth in size and function just before the regular breeding season in december-january.
competition for dominance is apparently an important part of the continuing evolution for elephant seals. it probably contributes to maintenance or continued development of size and strength in the species, as only a few of the most powerful bulls manage to breed each year. and fighting or at least threatening seems to be a prime motive for males in the breeding season. a male will interrupt copulation to go fight.
the size and voice strength of an alpha bull may be an attraction to the females, although it is not really apparent to a watcher. the females seem to aggregate with each other, their pups, and younger seals, into a pod, rather than being attracted to the alpha male. but maybe i missed something, when watching them.
the bull does not seem to herd his females. if one crawls off to another pod, so be it. but this is rare, as the pods are about 70-100 yards apart, and the animals usually do not crawl so far.
the fighting, though bloody and dangerous, does not usually result in the death of a male. the loser usually gives up in time, and gets out of there. they do not seem to have a submission or appeasement posture, except for leaving quickly when they lose.
i never saw a bull fight a female. if a female does not get out of the way, however, when two large bulls are going for each other, she may get rolled or even bitten. the same is true for the pups, who are even less moile, and some may be wounded or even killed by the bulls. this seems to be accidental.
11/20/96: discussion of parts of ardrey's the violent way
student lecturers:
discussion of agonistic behavior in humans.
per robert ardrey: the social contract
life is competitive. all organisms, including humans, must compete with others to get what they need to survive.
the many manifestations of aggression we see in humans are a natural outcome of evolution and survival of the fittest over many generations.
but, we are a group-living species. too much aggression against other group members will result in being kicked out of the group. this is detrimental, sometimes fatal.
we therefore have to achieve a balance between having enough aggression to get what we need, but staying within the bounds of custom, decency, laws, etc.
this balance, ardrey calls the social contract.
we have many mechanisms to deal with those who breach the social contract:
verbal reproof
pointing out breach to friends, neighbors, strangers
shunning
fighting
jailing
capital punishment
etc.
and our society has degrees and gradations, for different purposes. e.g.,
boxing, wrestling, football and other sports
police
fighting back when attacked
armed forces
ardrey sees these and other partial exceptions to the usual social contract rules and customs as specialized and limited, for a particular purpose. and the exceptions in turn have their own rules:
marquis of queensbury (boxing)
police procedures (and review boards)
don't be excessive when fighting back
rules of warfare -? no gas, no torture, feed prisoners, etc.
another interesting ardrey thesis is that we evolved our social contract customs and ways of fighting when we were armed with sticks, rocks, swords, daggers, spears, etc. in other words, for one person to do damage to another, they had to be hand-to-hand.
fighting close at hand means that we have an opportunity to see how much damage has been done, and to see and perhaps respond to submission signals.
with the advent of the bow and arrow, the distance between combatants usually means that we can not see how much damage is being done, and cannot see if the opponent want to give up.
then, with the invention of the cross bow, this distance problem became worse, and worse again with the invention of firearms (and atomics!)
according to ardrey, this ability to fight at a distance has meant a huge increase in bloodiness and cruelty. in much of war now we are so far removed from the opposing individuals, that we hardly think of them as individuals like ourselves, with families, etc.
another interesting ardrey thesis was mentioned before, in connection with the calhoun rat experiments:
we often love the excitement of combat and war. in the early stages especially, it all seems very exciting, manly, etc. to be going off to fight for country.
it is often the case in later stages of war that individuals begin to realize the cost and suffering.
but: war is still the highest court of appeals. we can try (and often do) discussion, compromise, world court, united nations, etc.
but if talking fails, it is not unusual for things to escalate to terrorism, sabotage, blockade or all out war.
in a way, it is surprising that there are any rules in war. the competing sides are already trying their utmost to prevail, and 'rules' can hardly be enforced (except afterwards, perhaps)
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daniel funkenstein reported some interesting experiments in which he attempted to find out if there are hormonal correlates for anger and fear, in humans.
working on a ward with psychotics, funkenstein noticed that some patients responded very differently to administration of mecholyl to control high blood pressure.
those patients whose predominant emotion on the ward was fear and timidity showed a long-lasting blood pressure reduction to mecholyl.
those patients whose predominant emotion was anger directed at others, showed a reduction in bp, but it was short lived and transient: within about 15 minutes, their bp was up again.
funkenstein then tried mecholyl on medical students who had just graduated and were awaiting their assignments to internships -- a stressful time.
the young m.d.s who expressed anger and hostility about having to wait to hear, showed the transient response to mecholyl.
those who were anxious and fearful about getting a bad internship showed the long-lasting response to mecholyl.
noticing that these different responses to mecholyl were similar to the differential responses in animals to injections of epinephrine, or norepinephrine, funkenstein name the responses 'type e' (like epinephrine response), and 'type n' ) like the norepi response.
at this point, he theorized that epinephrine was a correlate of the emotion of fear, and that norepi was a correlate of the emotion of anger.
funkenstein's theory has been borne out, at least to a degree. e.g., elmadjian (and others) have infused e or ne into volunteers, to learn what their emotional response would be.
the typical result is that volunteers who (blindly) get e tend to report a feeling of apprehension of fear. they often admit that they can't see what there is to be afraid of (in the lab), but still report feeling fearful. this has been termed 'cold fear'
those who get ne (blindly) tend to report anger and hostility. again, they sometimes admit that they can't explain it, but do feel angry. i.e., 'cold anger'.
section summary: it appears likely that the brain integrates information from the social surround, and is able to send differential signals to the adrenal medulla, to release more e (when fear is useful), or more ne (when anger is useful).
the differential neural pathway is just beginning to be understood, anatomically. it is interesting that behavior studies first pointed out the likelihood.
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in most human societies, if not all, it is much more common for males to express physical aggression. and it has long been known that the higher levels of testosterone are a partial basis for this. e.g.,
-castration reduces fighting in most species, including man
-women with high androgens are more likely to show physical aggression
-treatment with anti-androgens has had some limited success, for aggressive criminals
-a recent report comparing mz twins who were different for measured aggression found that the more aggressive had higher testosterone.
section summary:
it appears likely that androgens have been put to use as substrates for overt aggression, in many species, including ours.
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some food for thought:
it is typical in most families to teach less aggression (don't hit your sister) (stop playing so rough) (never gouge anybody's eyes - you might blind them)
it appears that we, especially boys, have considerable drive toward physical aggression, and this has to be toned down, to fit the social contract.
it is also interesting that early on we learn rules about fighting fair / fighting dirty:
do not poke eyes
do not bite
do not rip nostrils
do not hit testicles
do not use rock / broken glass etc.
do not continue pounding if opponent gives up
these seem to be part of the social contract: compete as necessary, but don't cause death or lasting harm
it is also interesting that specialized branches of police and military give specific training to forget the above rules:
crush the windpipe
gouge the eyes
rip the nostrils upward
bite anytime it can help
attack the testicles
use any weapon you can get your hands on
kill your opponent (in certain circumstances)
it has often been remarked that fights usually begin with an 'incitation' stage. before the actual fight there is name calling, pushing and shoving, puffing up, threats, insults (spitting in face, slapping with glove/hand, coward, sissy, etc). it appears that the incitation stage serves to increase testosterone release (and maybe ne release), to help bolster the man in the upcoming fight.
some correlates of higher testosterone levels:
-winning a physical competition by skill (tennis)
-winning a fight (loser has lower t)
-winning a prize, by ability and drive
-exerting dominance in an earned position (board chairman, military officer or non-com)
if success is seen to be luck, not skill, then there is usually no rise in t
close, hard-fought tennis matches, decided by a point, usually show no rise in t, for winner
winners of games decided by chance usually show no rise in t
winning by cheating usually shows no rise in t
it appears that we have to win fairly (within the social contract), by strength and skill, to get the rise in t
what about women?? -much less is known, alas. woman can of course be fierce competitors, do they get support from adrenal ne and e - probably. do they get support from adrenal androgen release. i don't know. it seems probable.
11/22/96: review
11/25/96: examination 3
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11/27/96: no required class meeting. general class discussion of previous material, for those who attend.
11/29/96: thanksgiving holiday
12/2/96: begin phase iv - current findings
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ˈmɑrʤəri brus, ˈprɪnsɛs əv ˈskɑtlənd, wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli ʧaɪld əv ðə fərst ˈmɛrɪʤ əv kɪŋ ˈrɑbərt aɪ ðə brus wɪθ ˌɪzəˈbɛlə əv mɑr. ˈmɑrʤəri wʊd ˈsəfər ˈgreɪtli θru ðə ˈskɑtɪʃ wɔrz əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns, sərˈvaɪvɪŋ tɪ ˈmɛri ənd bɪˈkəm ðə ˈməðər əv ðə ʧaɪld hu wʊd goʊ ɔn tɪ faʊnd ðə stuərt ˈdaɪnəsti əv kɪŋz. ɛz ðə wɔrz fər ˈskɑtɪʃ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns frəm ˈɪŋglənd reɪʤd, ˈrɑbərt ðə brus, ərl əv ˈkɛrɪk, wɑz wən əv ðə ˈlidərz əv ðə faɪt. ðə ərl əv mɑr wɑz wən əv ðə ˈsɛvən ˈgɑrdiənz əv ˈskɑtlənd ənd hi bɪˈlivd ˈrɑbərt wɑz ðə ˈlɔfəl kɪŋ əv skɑts. mɑr sɔ greɪt ædˈvæntɪʤ ɪn əˈlaɪnɪŋ hɪz ˈfæməli wɪθ brus ənd ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv hɪz ɛrz ˌɪnˈhɛrətɪŋ ðə θroʊn. hi əreɪnʤd tɪ ˈmɛri hɪz ˈeɪˈtin jɪr oʊld ˈdɔtər ˌɪzəˈbɛlə tɪ brus. ˈlɛʤənd sɪz ˌɪzəˈbɛlə ənd brus wər ˈvɛri məʧ ɪn ləv. ðə ərl saɪnd ˈoʊvər hɪz ˈfæməli ɛˈsteɪts tɪ brus ənd ðə ˈmɛrɪʤ tʊk pleɪs ɪn 1295 ˌɪzəˈbɛlə kˈwɪkli bɪˈkeɪm ˈprɛgnənt ənd geɪv bərθ tɪ ə ˈdɔtər neɪmd ˈmɑrʤəri, moʊst ˈlaɪkli ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər əv 1296 ˌɪzəˈbɛlə daɪd ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðə bərθ. wi noʊ wət ˈhæpənd tɪ ˈmɑrʤəri, wɛr ʃi lɪvd ər haʊ ʃi wɑz ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd. sɪks jɪrz ˈæftər ðə dɛθ əv hɪz fərst waɪf, brus wɑz æt ðə kɔrt əv kɪŋ ˈɛdwərd aɪ əv ˈɪŋglənd ənd moʊst ˈlaɪkli mɛt ðə ˈwʊmən hu wʊd bɪˈkəm hɪz ˈsɛkənd waɪf. hər neɪm wɑz ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ də ənd ʃi wɑz ðə ˈdɔtər əv ˈrɪʧərd, ərl əv ˈəlstər ənd wən əv kɪŋ moʊst ˈprɑmənənt səˈpɔrtərz. ˈiðər ˈɛdwərd ʧoʊz ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ɛz braɪd ər brus ˈtrænsfərd hɪz əˈliʤəns tɪ ˈɛdwərd, ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ ˈælaɪ hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ ðə ərl əv ˈəlstər. ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ənd brus ˈmɛrid ɪn 1302 ˈæftər jɪrz əv ˈfaɪtɪŋ ənd sˈwɪʧɪŋ əv əˈliʤənsɪz, ˈrɑbərt ðə brus wɑz ˌɪˈnɔgərˌeɪtɪd ɛz kɪŋ əv skɑts ənd ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ wɑz kraʊnd kwin ɔn mɑrʧ 25 1306 ðə ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni wɑz ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd æt skoʊn baɪ ˈbɪʃəp ˈlæmbərtən əv st*. ˈænˌdruz ənd ə jəŋ ˈmɑrʤəri wɑz ɪn əˈtɛndəns. ˌɔlˈðoʊ brus hæd geɪnd ðə θroʊn, ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ wər stɪl ˈfaɪtɪŋ ənd wɪˈθɪn ə fju wiks əv ðə ˌkɔrəˈneɪʃən, brus wɑz dɪˈfitɪd baɪ ʤɑn əv lɔrn ɔn ðə ˈbɔrdərz əv ɑrˈgaɪl ənd perthshire*. æt ðə ɛnd əv ʤun 1306 brus ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ sɛnd hɪz ˈfæməli əˈweɪ fər ˈseɪfti. kwin ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ, ˈmɑrʤəri, ənd ˈsɪstərz ˈkrɪsʧɪn ənd ˈmɛri wər ˈgɪvɪn ən ˈɛskɔrt əv ˈbrəðər naɪəl ənd ðə ərl əv ənd sɛt ɔf əˈkrɔs ðə lændz əv, ˈoʊvər ðə hɪlz əv ənˈtɪl ðeɪ riʧt ðə ˈstrɔŋˌhoʊld əv ˈkæsəl. ðeɪ wər ˈoʊnli ðɛr ə ʃɔrt taɪm ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ sɛnt trups tɪ faɪnd ðɛm. ˈsəmˌwən ɪn ðə ˈkæsəl sɛt faɪər tɪ ðə stɔr əv greɪn ənd ðə ˈkæsəl sərˈɛndərd bət nɑt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈleɪdiz ɪˈskeɪpt ɪn ðə keɪɑs. ðeɪ wər ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈhɛdɪd fər ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti əv ðə ˈɔrkni ˈaɪləndz ənd ɔn ðə weɪ ðeɪ tʊk ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri ɪn ðə smɔl ˈʧæpəl əv st*. æt ɪn ross-shire*. ðə ərl əv rɔs wɑz noʊ frɛnd əv brus ənd hi ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ðə ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri ənd sizd ðə ˈleɪdiz. rɔs sɛnt ðɛm saʊθ tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈprɪzənərz əv kɪŋ ˈɛdwərd ɪn ˈɪŋglənd. əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ, ðə ərl əv hæd bɪn ˈkæpʧərd ənd naɪəl wɑz sizd əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈleɪdiz. wɑz həŋ ənd naɪəl wɑz həŋ, drɔn ənd æt ˈbərwɪk əˈpɑn twid. əv ðə fɔr ˈkæpʧərd ˈwɪmən, kwin ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ wɑz ˈtritɪd ðə list ˈhɑrʃli baɪ kɪŋ ˈɛdwərd. ʃi wɑz ðə ˈdɔtər əv hɪz frɛnd ˈæftər ɔl. ʃi spɛnt taɪm ɪn ðə taʊər əv ˈləndən ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈəðər ˈpleɪsɪz ənd wɑz əˈlaʊd ˈsərvənts. ˈsɪstər ˈkrɪsʧɪn spɛnt hər ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt ɪn ðə ʤilbərˈtini ˈnənəri æt ɪn ˈlɪŋkənˌʃɪr. hɪz ˈəðər ˈsɪstər ˈmɛri wɑz kənˈfaɪnd ɪn ə ˈsɑləd keɪʤ əv ˈtɪmbər ənd aɪərn ənd həŋ ˈoʊvər ðə wɔlz əv ˈkæsəl. ˈɛdwərd hæd səˈvɪr ənd ˈpjunətɪv plænz fər ˈmɑrʤəri. hi ˈɔrdərd ðə kənˈstrəkʃən əv keɪʤ laɪk ðə wən ˈmɛri wɑz kənˈfaɪnd ɪn tɪ bi bɪlt. hi ˈwɔntɪd ðə keɪʤ həŋ frəm ðə taʊər əv ˈləndən ənd wɑz nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈɛniˌwən tɪ spik tɪ ˈmɑrʤəri. bət ðɪs wɑz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli kruəl ənd ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˈpənɪʃmənt fər ə twɛlv jɪr oʊld gərl. səm əv ædˈvaɪzərz ˈkaʊnsəld ɪm əˈgɛnst ðɪs ˈtritmənt, soʊ hi rɪˈsɪndɪd ðə ˈɔrdər ənd hæd ˈmɑrʤəri kənˈfaɪnd æt ðə ʤilbərˈtini ˈnənəri æt ˈwɔtən ɪn ist ˈjɔrkʃər. ðə brus ˈwɪmən ˈlæŋgwɪʃt ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ənˈtɪl ðə ˈbætəl əv ɪn ʤun əv 1314 ðə skɑts əˈnaɪəˌleɪtɪd ðə trups əv ðə nu kɪŋ ˈɛdwərd əv ˈɪŋglənd ənd tʊk ˈmɛni ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈhɑstəʤəz. ˈɛdwərd kəˈmændər ˈhəmfri də bohun*, ərl əv ˈhɛrəfərd wɑz ɪn ðə hænz əv ðə skɑts ənd brus ˈtreɪdɪd ɪm fər hɪz waɪf, ˈdɔtər ənd ˈsɪstərz əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈɛldərli ˈbɪʃəp əv ˈglæˌskoʊ, ˈrɑbərt ˈwɪˌʃɑrt. ɔl ðə ˈwɪmən rɪˈtərnd tɪ ˈskɑtlənd. kɪŋ ˈgælənt lɔrd haɪ stuərd, ˈwɔltər hæd fɔt ˈvæljəntli æt ənd ɪt wɑz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðət ˈmɑrʤəri wʊd ˈmɛri ɪm. ðeɪ wər ˈmɛrid ɪn 1315 ənd ˈmɑrʤəri tʊk əp ˈrɛzɪdəns æt ðə stuərd hoʊm ɪn ˈrɛnfru. ˈdaʊri ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə əv ˈbæθˌgeɪt ɪn wɛst ˈlɑθiən ənd ðɪs wɑz ˈdɛstɪnd tɪ bi ðə ˈfæməli ˈrɛzɪdəns əv ðə ˈkəpəl. bət ɪt mɛnt tɪ bi. ˈmɑrʤəri wɑz ˈhɛvəli ˈprɛgnənt ɔn mɑrʧ 2 1316 wɪn ʃi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ goʊ aʊt ˈraɪdɪŋ. ʃi wɑz θroʊn frəm hər hɔrs bɪtˈwin ˈpeɪzli ənd ˈrɛnfru æt ə pleɪs kɔld nɑk hɪl. hər ʧaɪld, ˈrɑbərt, wɑz dɪˈlɪvərd baɪ ˈkeɪsərˌin ˈsɛkʃən ənd ˈmɑrʤəri daɪd ˈsəmˌtaɪm ˈæftər ðɪs ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ɪgˈzækt deɪt ɪz ənˈnoʊn. ðə ʧaɪld, ˈgrændˌsən əv kɪŋ ˈrɑbərt aɪ ðə brus, wʊd bɪˈkəm ðə fərst kɪŋ əv ðə stuərt ˈdaɪnəsti ɛz ˈrɑbərt, ðə neɪm ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ə ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən ɔn ðə ˈtaɪtəl əv ˈhəzbənd ɛz haɪ stuərd. ˈbɑdi wɑz ˈteɪkən tɪ bi ˈbɛrid æt ˈpeɪzli ˈæbi ənd hər tum stʊd fər ˈsɛvərəl ˈsɛnʧəriz ənˈtɪl ɪt wɑz dɪˈstərbd ˈdʊrɪŋ səm ˌrɛnəˈveɪʃən. ðə ˈrɛmnənts əv ðə tum leɪ ɪn ðə ˈæbi ˈgɑrdənz ənˈtɪl 1830 wɪn ə ˈmɪnɪstər əv ðə ʧərʧ sɔ ðɛm ənd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ hæv ðə tum rɪˈstɔrd. hi ˈgæðərd təˈgɛðər ˈpisɪz əv ˈsɪmələr tumz ənd riˈbɪlt ðə sɑrˈkɑfəgəs ðət kən bi sin təˈdeɪ ɪn ðə ˈæbi. ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə lɑrʤ kɛrn ɔn ðə raɪt saɪd əv ˈrɛnfru roʊd ɔn ðə weɪ ˈɪntu ˈpeɪzli ðət mɑrks ðə spɑt wɛr ˈmɑrʤəri wɑz θroʊn frəm hər hɔrs. ˈsɔrsəz: kɪŋz ənd kwinz əv scotland”*” ˈɛdɪtɪd baɪ ˈrɪʧərd ˈɔrəm, kwinz: baɪ ˈrɑzəlɪnd keɪ. ˈmɑrʃəl, əv scotland”*” baɪ ˈdeɪvɪd ɑr. rɔs, ðə brus, kɪŋ əv scots”*” baɪ ˈrɑnəld məkˈnɛr skɑt
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marjorie bruce, princess of scotland, was the only child of the first marriage of king robert i the bruce with isabella of mar. marjorie would suffer greatly through the scottish wars of independence, surviving to marry and become the mother of the child who would go on to found the stewart dynasty of kings.
as the wars for scottish independence from england raged, robert the bruce, earl of carrick, was one of the leaders of the fight. the earl of mar was one of the seven guardians of scotland and he believed robert was the lawful king of scots. mar saw great advantage in aligning his family with bruce and the possibility of his heirs inheriting the throne. he arranged to marry his eighteen year old daughter isabella to bruce. legend says isabella and bruce were very much in love. the earl signed over his family estates to bruce and the marriage took place in 1295. isabella quickly became pregnant and gave birth to a daughter named marjorie, most likely in december of 1296. isabella died shortly after the birth.
we don’t know what happened to marjorie, where she lived or how she was educated. six years after the death of his first wife, bruce was at the court of king edward i of england and most likely met the woman who would become his second wife. her name was elizabeth de burgh and she was the daughter of richard, earl of ulster and one of king edward’s most prominent anglo-irish supporters. either edward chose elizabeth as bruce’s bride or bruce transferred his allegiance to edward, hoping to ally himself to the earl of ulster. elizabeth and bruce married in 1302.
after years of fighting and switching of allegiances, robert the bruce was inaugurated as king of scots and elizabeth was crowned queen on march 25, 1306. the ceremony was celebrated at scone by bishop lamberton of st. andrews and a young marjorie was in attendance. although bruce had gained the throne, the english were still fighting and within a few weeks of the coronation, bruce was defeated by john of lorne on the borders of argyll and perthshire.
at the end of june 1306, bruce decided to send his family away for safety. queen elizabeth, marjorie, and bruce’s sisters christian and mary were given an escort of bruce’s brother niall and the earl of atholl and set off across the lands of atholl, over the hills of braemar until they reached the stronghold of kildrummy castle. they were only there a short time before the english sent troops to find them. someone in the castle set fire to the castle’s store of grain and the castle surrendered but not before the ladies escaped in the chaos.
they were probably headed for the security of the orkney islands and on the way they took sanctuary in the small chapel of st. duthac’s at tain in ross-shire. the earl of ross was no friend of bruce and he violated the sanctuary and seized the ladies. ross sent them south to become prisoners of king edward in england. along the way, the earl of atholl had been captured and niall was seized along with the ladies. atholl was hung and niall was hung, drawn and quartered at berwick upon tweed.
of the four captured women, queen elizabeth was treated the least harshly by king edward. she was the daughter of his friend after all. she spent time in the tower of london as well as other places and was allowed servants. bruce’s sister christian spent her imprisonment in the gilbertine nunnery at sixhills in lincolnshire. his other sister mary was confined in a solid latticed cage of timber and iron and hung over the walls of roxburgh castle.
edward had severe and punitive plans for marjorie. he ordered the construction of cage like the one mary was confined in to be built. he wanted the cage hung from the tower of london and was not going to allow anyone to speak to marjorie. but this was particularly cruel and unusual punishment for a twelve year old girl. some of edward’s advisors counseled him against this treatment, so he rescinded the order and had marjorie confined at the gilbertine nunnery at watton in east yorkshire.
the bruce women languished in england until the battle of bannockburn in june of 1314. the scots annihilated the troops of the new king edward ii of england and took many english hostages. edward ii’s commander humphrey de bohun, earl of hereford was in the hands of the scots and bruce traded him for his wife, daughter and sisters along with the elderly bishop of glasgow, robert wishart. all the women returned to scotland.
king robert’s gallant 6th lord high steward, walter had fought valiantly at bannockburn and it was decided that marjorie would marry him. they were married in 1315 and marjorie took up residence at the steward home in renfrew. marjorie’s dowry included the barony of bathgate in west lothian and this was destined to be the family residence of the couple. but it wasn’t meant to be.
marjorie was heavily pregnant on march 2, 1316 when she decided to go out riding. she was thrown from her horse between paisley and renfrew at a place called knock hill. her child, robert, was delivered by caesarean section and marjory died sometime after this although the exact date is unknown. the child, grandson of king robert i the bruce, would become the first king of the stewart dynasty as robert ii, the name coming from a variation on the title of marjorie’s husband as high steward.
marjorie’s body was taken to be buried at paisley abbey and her tomb stood for several centuries until it was disturbed during some renovation. the remnants of the tomb lay in the abbey gardens until 1830 when a minister of the church saw them and decided to have the tomb restored. he gathered together pieces of similar tombs and rebuilt the sarcophagus that can be seen today in the abbey. there is also a large cairn on the right side of renfrew road on the way into paisley that marks the spot where marjorie was thrown from her horse.
sources: “the kings and queens of scotland” edited by richard oram, “scottish queens: 1034-1715” by rosalind k. marshall, “women of scotland” by david r. ross, “robert the bruce, king of scots” by ronald mcnair scott
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hir ər səm ʃik tɪps ðət əm nɑt ʃʊr ɪf ju noʊ, ənd səm ju ˈprɑbəˌbli hæv noʊn fər ə lɔŋ taɪm, soʊ juz ðiz tɪ hɛlp ju ˈmæstər hər. ðɪs ˈtɑpɪk wɪl bi ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd təˈdeɪ ənd nɛkst taɪm wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli bi ˈmənˌdeɪ. məˈnuvərz ʃik ɪz ðə loʊəst ˈdəkər ɪn ðə geɪm (nɛkst tɪ ˈmɪstər. geɪm wɔʧ ənd ðə 2 puffballs*) soʊ juz hər dək mɔr ðən ˈəðər ˈkɛrɪktərz. ju kən ˈivɪn dək ˈəndər ˈfælkoʊ ənd ˈfɑksəz ˈleɪzər... ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈoʊnli ˈkɛrɪktərz kən du. ˈmɛni ju kən dək ˈəndər, ənd ðɪs kəmz ɪn ˈhændi ə lɔt wɪn ˈsəmˌwən ˈsəmˌwən hu ʃuts tɪ ʃut ju wɪθ ðə ˈsupər ˈræpɪd ʃɑts, nɑt bɪg ʃɑts). ju kən dək ˈəndər ðə hoʊl θɪŋ. ˈspikɪŋ əv ˈsupər skoʊp, ˈsædli, ʃik ʃuts ðə haɪəst wɪθ ðə ˈsupər skoʊp əv ɔl ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz, soʊ ˈmɛni ˈkɛrɪktərz kən ˈəndər ɪt. kraʊʧ ˈkænsəlɪŋ ɪz ə gʊd ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən wɪθ ʃiks loʊ dək. wən mɔr θɪŋ wɪθ ʃiks dək ɪz ðət ɪf ʃik (ər ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈkɛrɪktər) ˈprɛsɪz daʊn tɪ dək waɪl ðɛr ˈrənɪŋ, ðeɪ doʊnt hæv tɪ weɪt fər ðə ˈlɪtəl rɪˈkəvəri taɪm iʧ ˈkɛrɪktər həz wɪn ðeɪ stɑp frəm ə rən, ðeɪ ʤɪst ˈɪnstəntli dək. ˌbiˈsaɪdz ðɪs, ju kən dæʃ æt ˈsəmˌwən ənd ðɛn ˈɪnstəntli prɛs tɪ dɑʤ. moʊst ˈlaɪkli ðə əˈpoʊnənts riˈækʃən wɪn ju dæʃ æt wɪl bi tɪ əˈtæk, roʊl ər dɑʤ, ənd sɪns ʃiks dɑʤ ɪz ˈfæstər ðən moʊst ər ɔl əv ˈtoʊtəl taɪm), jul hæv taɪm tɪ əˈtæk wɪn jʊr əˈpoʊnənt wɪn ɪz stɪl rɪˈkəvərɪŋ. əˈnəðər θɪŋ aɪ laɪk tɪ du ɪz tɪ ʤɪst roʊl ˈbækwərdz tɪ tərn əraʊnd ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈprɛsɪŋ ðə ˈɑpəzɪt dɪˈrɛkʃɪn waɪl ˈrənɪŋ, bɪˈkəz ˈroʊlɪŋ ɪz kˈwɪkər ənd ˈseɪfər. dɪd noʊ ðət ɪf ju dæʃ æt ən ɛʤ ənd ðɛn æt ðə ˈvɛri læst splɪt ˈsɛkənd roʊl ˈbækwərdz) jul tərn ˈfæstər. ɪf ju prɛs əp bi waɪl ˈdæʃɪŋ ˈvɛri ˈvɛri kloʊz tɪ ən ɛʤ, jul du 2 ɪkˈsploʊʒənz. ðɪs ɪz hɑrd tɪ du bət hɛlpt mi aʊt wɪn maɪ foʊ traɪd tɪ ʧeɪs bi daʊn... bɪˈkəz hi ɪkˈsploʊdɪd, wɛnt ɔf ðə dɛd ðoʊ), ənd aɪ wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ du kwaɪt səm ˈdæmɪʤ edge-guarding*. ˈjuzɪz ðə ʧeɪn ˈɪzənt ə kəmˈplitli ˈjusləs muv laɪk ˈmɛni əv ju θɪŋk. ðə ʧeɪn həz ˈmɛni ˈjuzɪz. ðət ɪz wət əm goʊɪŋ tɪ tɛl ju. ʧeɪn kən bi juzd ɛz ən ɛʤ ˈgɑrdɪŋ tul bɪˈkəz əv ɪts lɔŋ reɪnʤ ənd əˈbɪləˌti tɪ hɪt ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn. naʊ aɪ noʊ ɪts nɑt ðə bɛst ɛʤ ˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈjuʒəwəli prɪˈfər hər daʊn smæʃ ənd ˈnidəl əˈgɛnst bɪg ˈkɛrɪktərz wɪθ 50 laɪk d.k*. ər ˈboʊzər əˈspɛʃəli, ɪt kən ræk əp kwaɪt ə bɪt əv ˈdæmɪʤ. ʧeɪn kən bi juzd ɛz ə ˈdæmɪʤ ˈrækɪŋ muv. træp ˈsəmˌwən bɪg ɪn ðə ˈkɔrnər ənd hɪt ðɛm ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn. ðɪs ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈprɪti gʊd. ðə ˈoʊnli hɑrd pɑrt ɪz 1 ˈgɪtɪŋ ðɛm ɪn ə ˈkɔrnər 2 ˈkipɪŋ ðɛm ɪn ə ˈkɔrnər ʧeɪn kən stɑp smɔl prɑˈʤɛktəlz. bət ju ˈprɑbəˌbli ɔˈrɛdi nu ðət. ʧeɪn kən træp foʊz ɪn ə smɔl ˈpleɪsɪz, laɪk biɪŋ stək ɪn ðə loʊəst ˈlɪtəl ˈplætˌfɔrm ɪn ˈfaɪnəl ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən. ðɪs wɪl, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ maɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns, ˈrɪli əˈnɔɪ jʊr foʊ, əˈspɛʃəli wɪn ðeɪ gɪt əˈgrɛsɪv ənd gɪt ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz baɪ jʊr ʧeɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt aʊt. 5)last*, bət nɑt list, ɪt gɪvz ju ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl reɪnʤ ɔn ˈtaɪni ˈmeɪˌleɪ, wɪn ju hæv ə ˈpɔɪzən ˈməʃrum. stɔrm ˈjuzɪz ðə ˈnidəl stɔrm ɪz ʃiks ˈoʊnli ril lɔŋ reɪnʤ ˈdəzənt kaʊnt). ɪt həz ˈmɛni ˈjuzɪz ðət aɪ æm goʊɪŋ tɪ poʊst. ˈnidəl stɔrm həz ə lɔt əv praɪˈɔrəti. ɛz ju ɔl ˈprɑbəˌbli noʊ, ʃiks ˈnidəl stɔrm kən ˈkænsəl aʊt ˈivɪn ˈfʊli ʧɑrʤd ʧɑrʤ ʃɑt. ˈɔlsoʊ, ɪf ˈsəmˌwən laɪk mɑrθ hɪts ɪt wɪθ hɪz sɔrd, ənd wɪn ɪt hɪts ə wɔl ər flɔr (ənd ɔn rɛr ɔˈkeɪʒənz wɪn ɪt gɪts dɪˈflɛktɪd ˈɪntu ə ˈsilɪŋ, ɪt wɪl steɪ ðɛr fər ə ʃɔrt taɪm, ənˈlɛs əv kɔrs ðə ˈnidəl ˌdɪsəˈpɪrz ənd tərnz ˈɪntu smoʊk frəm wɪn ɪts ʃɑt ənd kænt goʊ ˈɛni ˈfɑrðər, ˈminɪŋ wɪn ɪt ˈdəzənt hɪt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ənd ˌdɪsəˈpɪrz). wɪn ɪt hɪts ˈsəmθɪŋ, ɪt wɪl steɪ ɔn ə wɔl ər flɔr (ənd ˈrɛrli ə ˈsilɪŋ), ənd ɪf ˈsəmθɪŋ hɪts ɪt fər ðə approx*. 2 ˈsɛkəndz ɪt steɪz ðɛr, laɪk ˈθəndər ʤoʊlt fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ˈθəndər ʤoʊlt (ənd aɪ θɪŋk ðə ˈnidəl tu) wɪl ˌdɪsəˈpɪr. ˈʃutɪŋ ɪt ˈɔntu ðə graʊnd ɪz ə gʊd weɪ tɪ stɑp prɑˈʤɛktəl əˈtæks. ˈfɪzɪkəl əˈtæks wərk ɔn stək tɪ ə wɔl, flɔr ər ˈsilɪŋ tu, bət ˈfɪzɪkəl əˈtæks doʊnt ˌdɪsəˈpɪr. ju noʊ, ðə meɪn juz ɪz fər ˈhævɪŋ ə lɔŋ reɪnʤ əˈtæk tɪ ʧɑrʤ əp ɪn jʊr spɛr taɪm ənd tɪ hɪt ˈkɛrɪktərz fɑr əˈweɪ. ɪt tɪ edge-guard*. ðɪs wərks bɛst wɪn ju ʃut ɪt tɪ hɪt jʊr foʊ ðə ˈɪnstənt ˈæftər ðeɪ du ðɛr ʤəmp, ənd wərks wɛl ɔn səm ˈkɛrɪktərz ʤəmps, laɪk ðə wənz hu hæv... haʊ du ju seɪ "ɛr ˈtrækʃən" laɪk wɪθ skru əˈtæk (doʊnt fərˈgɛt hər læst rɪˈzɔrt ɛr ˈgræpəl ðoʊ) ənd əˈspɛʃəli ˈwərlɪŋ ˈfɔrtrəs muv. 4)well*, nɑt ə juz bət ə tɪp ɪz ɪf ju hæv səm ʧɑrʤd ənd jʊr ɔf ðə ɛʤ wɪθ noʊ ˈpɑsəbəl weɪ tɪ rɪˈkəvər, swɪʧ tɪ ˈzɛldə tɪ seɪv ðə ʧɑrʤd ˈnidəlz wɪn ju daɪ, kəm bæk, ənd swɪʧ tɪ ʃik əˈgɛn. wɛl, ðɪs pɑrt ɪz nɑt ɔn ðə ˈnidəl stɔrm ˈtɑpɪk, bət juz ˈzɛldə ɛz ə læst rɪˈzɔrt tɪ rɪˈkəvər frəm ɔf ðə steɪʤ ənd ˈnɛvər ʧeɪnʤ tɪ ʃik ɪf jʊr ˈzɛldə ɪn ðət klaʊd θɪŋ, bɪˈkəz jʊr luz jʊr 3 ˈsɛkənd ˌɪnˌvɪnsəˈbɪlɪti. ˈspikɪŋ əv ˈluzɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ wɪn ju ʧeɪnʤ əv) doʊnt ʧeɪnʤ ˈkɛrɪktərz wɪn ðə kraʊd ɪz ˈʧæntɪŋ fər ju ər ðɛr stɑp. ˈɔlsoʊ, aɪ fərˈgɛt ɪf ðɪs ɪz tru ər nɑt bət ɪf ju ʧeɪnʤ wɪn ðə kraʊdz ˈvoʊtɪŋ fər ˈsəmˌwən ɛls, fər ðə ˈrizən əv ˈhɪtɪŋ ju ril hɑrd, ðɛn aɪ θɪŋk sˈwɪʧɪŋ ˈkɛrɪktərz meɪks ðə kraʊd stɑp ˈʧæntɪŋ fər huˈɛvər ɪt wɑz ðət ðɛr ˈʧɪrɪŋ fər. 4)juggles*, combos*, ənd ˈəðər stəf əm goʊɪŋ tɪ neɪm səm əv ʃiks ˈəðər kwɪk ə muvz naʊ. ðə θɪŋ tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ɪz wət muvz tɪ juz ɪn wət ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. tɪlt ˈfɔrwərd ə ɪz ˈɑrgjuəbli ʃiks bɛst ənd meɪn muv. tɪlt əp ə ɪz wɪn ə foʊ ɪz streɪt əˈbəv ju, ər ju, soʊ ju kən gɪt boʊθ hɪts ɪn. tɪlt daʊn ə ɪz juzd fər kraʊʧ ˈkænsəlɪŋ, ənd əˈpoʊnənts ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn loʊ ər ɪf jʊr ɔn ən ˈəpwərd sloʊp ən jʊr ˈɛnəmiz ˈkəmɪŋ təˈwɔrdz ju frəm ˈdaʊnwərdz tɪ ˈəpwərdz. bət ju ˈprɑbəˌbli nu ɔl ðət. ˈræpɪd əˈtæks ər əˈspɛʃəli ˈjusfəl ɔn bɪg ˈɛnəmiz æt loʊ ˈdæmɪʤɪz bɪˈkəz ʃiks ˈræpɪd pənʧ ɪz hɑrd fər bɪg gaɪz tɪ ɪˈskeɪp frəm. ˈræpɪd ə ɔn tim ˈbætəl (wɪn jʊr ɔn ə tim wɪθ tim əˈtæk ɔf) ɪz ɪkˈstrimli ˈjusfəl. hæv jʊr ˈtiˌmeɪt græb jʊr foʊ, ðɛn ˈræpɪd ə pənʧ ðə ˈɛnəmi wɪθ ʃik. ɪts fər ðə ˈɛnəmi ɛz ðə ˈhɛlpləs ˈvɪktɪm wɪl bi træpt ðɛr əˈneɪbəl tɪ du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ ɪˈskeɪp, ənˈlɛs həz ə ˈtiˌmeɪt ðət sˈmæʃɪz ʃik ər ʃiks ˈtiˌmeɪt. ˈʤəgəlz ər mɛnt fər bɪg ənd ˈkɛrɪktərz fər ðə moʊst pɑrt. waɪ? bɪˈkəz ɪts ˈizi tɪ hɪt bɪg ˈtɑrgəts ənd fæst ˈfɑlɪŋ meɪks ɪt ˈizi tɪ hɪt jʊr ˈɛnəmi ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn wɪˈθaʊt biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ ɪˈskeɪp fər kwaɪt ə waɪl, əˈspɛʃəli frəm fox/falco*. ʃiks dæʃ ɪz ˈaɪˈɛˈmoʊ ðə bɛst dæʃ əˈtæk ɪn ðə geɪm. juz ɪt ˈfɛrli ə lɔt (kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈəðər dæʃ əˈtæks) tɪ kæʧ jʊr əˈpoʊnənt off-guard*. ʃiks ˈɛriəl muvz ər ˈvɛri gʊd. ˈɛriəl ə ɪz hər kˈwɪkɪst ˈɛriəl əˈtæk æt 3 freɪmz, ər əv ə ˈsɛkənd. ʃiks ˈɛriəl ˈfɔrwərd ə ɪz 5 freɪmz ɪn ˈstɑrtɪŋ spid ənd ɪz greɪt fər laɪt, ˈkɛrɪktərz bɪˈkəz ɪt wʊd bi hɑrd fər tɪ rɪˈkəvər. ˈɛriəl daʊn ə aɪ ˈoʊnli ˈsəmˌtaɪmz juz wɪn əm weɪ əˈbəv maɪ foʊ ənd aɪ fæst fɔl ˈɛriəl daʊn ə ðɛm. ɪts ʃiks wərst ˈɛriəl muv æt 15 freɪmz ənd 11 ˈɛriəl bæk ə ɪz 4 freɪmz ɪn spid ənd həz ə ˈvɛri lɔŋ riʧ ənd ɪz kwaɪt ˈjusfəl. ˈɛriəl əp ə ɪz laɪk ə ˈstrɔŋgər, ˈbɛtər ˈvərʒən əv ˈɛriəl əp ə, boʊθ æt 5 freɪmz ˈstɑrtɪŋ spid. ʃiks ˈfɔrwərd smæʃ ˈaɪˈɛˈmoʊ ɪz ə bæd muv wɪθ rɛr ɔˈkeɪʒənz əv juz. ʃiks əp smæʃ ɪz greɪt fər foʊz, ɪf ju kən kəˈnɛkt ɪt ɪn ðə raɪt spɑt. ˈfaɪnəli, ʃiks daʊn smæʃ ɪz ˈaɪˈɛˈmoʊ bɛst smæʃ əˈtæk æt 5 freɪmz ənd kən du 31 uncharged*. ɪts əˈspɛʃəli ˈjusfəl ɔn bɪg foʊz ənd foʊz kɔt ˈfroʊzən ɪn ə ˈmɪstər. freezie*. ðæts ɔl fər naʊ.
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here are some sheik tips that i'm not sure if you know, and some you probably have known for a long time, so use these to help you master her. this topic will be updated today and next time will probably be monday.
1)evasive maneuvers
sheik is the 4th lowest ducker in the game (next to mr. game & watch and the 2 puffballs) so use her duck more than other characters. you can even duck under falco and fox's laser... something only 5-6 characters can do. many projuctiles you can duck under, and this comes in handy a lot when someone tall(or someone who shoots high)tries to shoot you with the super scope(with rapid shots, not big shots). you can duck under the whole thing. speaking of super scope, sadly, sheik shoots the highest with the super scope of all the characters, so many characters can duckk under it. crouch canceling is a good combination with sheik's low duck. one more thing with sheik's duck is that if sheik (or any other character) presses down to duck while they're running, they don't have to wait for the little recovery time each character has when they stop from a run, they just instantly duck. besides this, you can dash at someone and then instantly press block+down to dodge. most likely the opponents reaction when you dash at him/her will be to attack, roll or dodge, and since sheik's dodge is faster than most or all of these(less total time), you'll have time to attack when your opponent when he/she is still recovering. another thing i like to do is to just roll backwards to turn around instead of pressing the opposite direction while running, because rolling is quicker and safer. did youy know that if you dash at an edge and then at the very last split second turn(not roll backwards) you'll turn faster. if you press up b while dashing very very close to an edge, you'll do 2 explosions. this is hard to do but helped me out when my foe tried to chase be down... because he exploded, went off the edge(not dead though), and i was able to do quite some damage edge-guarding.
2)chain uses
the chain isn't a completely useless move like many of you think. the chain has many uses. that is what i'm going to tell you.
#1)the chain can be used as an edge guarding tool because of it's long range and ability to hit over and over again. now i know it's not the best edge guarding move(i usually prefer her down smash and needle storm)but against big characters with 50%+ like d.k. or bowser especially, it can rack up quite a bit of damage.
#2)the chain can be used as a damage racking move. trap someone big in the corner and hit them over and over again. this explaines itself pretty good. the only hard part is 1.) getting them in a corner 2.) keeping them in a corner
#3)the chain can stop small projectiles. but you probably already knew that.
#4)the chain can trap foes in a small places, like being stuck in the lowest little platform in final destination. this will, according to my experience, really annoy your foe, especially when they get aggressive and get several times by your chain trying to get out.
#5)last, but certaintly not least, it gives you incredible range on tiny melee, and/or when you have a poison mushroom.
3)needle storm uses
the needle storm is sheik's only real long range attack(chain doesn't count). it has many uses that i am going to post.
#1)sheik's needle storm has a lot of priority. as you all probably know, sheik's needle storm can cancel out even samus's fully charged charge shot. also, if someone like marth hits it with his sword, and when it hits a wall or floor (and on rare occasions when it gets deflected into a ceiling, it will stay there for a short time, unless of course the needle disappears and turns into smoke from when it's shot and can't go any farther, meaning when it doesn't hit anything and disappears). when it hits something, it will stay on a wall or floor (and rarely a ceiling), and if something hits it for the approx. 2 seconds it stays there, like pikachu's thunder jolt for example, the thunder jolt (and i think the needle too) will disappear. shooting it onto the ground is a good way to stop projectile attacks. physical attacks work on needle's stuck to a wall, floor or ceiling too, but physical attacks certaintly don't disappear.
#2)as you know, the main use is for having a long range attack to charge up in your spare time and to hit characters far away.
#3)use it to edge-guard. this works best when you shoot it to hit your foe the instant after they do their 2nd jump, and works well on some characters 3rd jumps, like the ones who have... how do you say "air traction" like with samus's screw attack (don't forget her last resort air grapple though) and especially bowsers whirling fortress move.
#4)well, not a use but a tip is if you have some needles(2-6) charged and you're off the edge with no possible way to recover, switch to zelda to save the charged needles when you die, come back, and switch to sheik again. well, this part is not on the needle storm topic, but use zelda as a last resort to recover from off the stage and never change to sheik if you're zelda in that cloud thing, because you're lose you're 3 second invincibility. speaking of losing something when you change characters(sort of) don't change characters when the crowd is chanting for you or they're stop. also, i forget if this is true or not but if you change when the crowd's voting for someone else, for the reason of hitting you real hard, then i think switching characters makes the crowd stop chanting for whoever it was that they're cheering for.
4)juggles, combos, and other stuff
i'm going to name some of sheik's other quick a moves now. the 1st thing to remember is what moves to use in what situation. tilt forward a is arguably sheik's best and main comboing/juggling move. tilt up a is when a foe is straight above you, or above/in you, so you can get both hits in. tilt down a is used for crouch canceling, and opponents coming in low or if you're on an upward slope an your enemy's coming towards you from downwards to upwards. but you probably knew all that. rapid attacks are especially useful on big enemy's at low damages because sheik's rapid punch is hard for big guys to escape from. rapid a on team battle (when you're on a team with team attack off) is extremely useful. have your teammate grab your foe, then rapid a punch the enemy with sheik. it's unescapable for the enemy as the helpless victim will be trapped there unable to do anything to escape, unless he/she has a teammate that smashes sheik or sheik's teammate. juggles are meant for big and fastfalling characters for the most part. why? because it's easy to hit big targets and fast falling makes it easy to hit your enemy over and over again without him/her being able to escape for quite a while, especially from fox/falco. sheik's dash is imo the best dash attack in the game. use it fairly a lot (compared to other dash attacks) to catch your opponent off-guard. sheik's aerial moves are very good. aerial a is her quickest aerial attack at 3 frames, or 1/20 of a second. sheik's aerial forward a is 5 frames in starting speed and is great for light, fast-falling characters because it would be hard for him/her to recover. aerial down a i only sometimes use when i'm way above my foe and i fast fall + aerial down a them. it's sheik's worst aerial move at 15 frames and 11%. aerial back a is 4 frames in speed and has a very long reach and is quite useful. aerial up a is like a stronger, better version of samus's aerial up a, both at 5 frames starting speed. sheik's forward smash imo is a bad move with rare occasions of use. sheik's up smash is great for koing foes, if you can connect it in the right spot. finally, sheik's down smash is imo his/her best smash attack at 5 frames and can do 31% uncharged. it's especially useful on big foes and foes caught frozen in a mr. freezie. that's all for now.
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ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd p.m*. ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðə ˈdæləs ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈpeɪʃənt hu həz ˈtɛstɪd ˈpɑzətɪv fər iˈboʊlə ˈvaɪrəs ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ɔn hɪz fərst ˈvɪzɪt ðət hi hæd ˈtrævəld tɪ ðə ˈsɪti frəm wɛst ˈæfrɪkɑ, bət wɑz riˈlist ˈæftər ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɑz nɑt kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪd tɪ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈmɛdɪkəl tim hu ˈtritɪd ɪm. ðə ˈpeɪʃənt fərst əraɪvd æt ˈtɛksəs hɛlθ ˌprɛzbɪˈtɪriən ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɪn ˈdæləs leɪt ɔn sɛpt. 25 kəmˈpleɪnɪŋ əv ə ˈfivər ənd əbˈdɑmənəl peɪnz, ˈhɑˌspɪtəl əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd æt ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns. ə nərs ədˈmɪnɪstərd ə ˈʧɛˌklɪst, ɔn wɪʧ ðə ˈpeɪʃənt ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət hi hæd ˈrisəntli ˈtrævəld frəm ˌlaɪˈbɪˌriə. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl sɛnt ɪm hoʊm. ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈklɪnɪkəl ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən wɑz nɑt ˈtɪpɪkəl æt ðət pɔɪnt jɛt fər ebola,”*,” sɛd ˈdɑktər. mɑrk ˈlɛstər, vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd zoʊn ˈklɪnɪkəl ˈlidər wɪθ ˈtɛksəs hɛlθ ˈrisɔrsɪz, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ðə ˈpeɪʃənt lækt səm trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈhɔlˌmɑrks əv ðə dɪˈziz, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈklud ˈvɑmətɪŋ ənd ˌdaɪərˈiə. ““regretfully*, ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɑz nɑt ˈfʊli kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪd θruaʊt ðə fʊl team.”*.” ðə ˈpeɪʃənt, hu wɑz kənˈfərmd ˈtuzˌdeɪ ɛz ðə fərst dɪˈrɛkt keɪs əv iˈboʊlə ɔn juz. sɔɪl, wɑz tu deɪz ˈleɪtər ənd pleɪst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ɪn ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən. ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl sɛd hi wɑz ɪn ˈsɪriəs bət ˈsteɪbəl kənˈdɪʃən. hi ɪz biɪŋ hɛld ɪn ə ˈpraɪvət wɔrd ˈəndər kɛr. ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ðə ˈsɪstər, ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət hɪz neɪm wɑz ˈtɑməs ˈɛrɪk ˈdəŋkən. ˈloʊkəl əˈfɪʃəlz wʊd nɑt kənˈfərm ðə rɪˈpɔrt ɪn əˈkɔrdəns wɪθ ˈpeɪʃənt ˌkɑnfəˌdɛnʃiˈæləti rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun, juˈnaɪtɪd ˈɛˌrlaɪnz sɛd ðə ˈsɛnərz fər dɪˈziz kənˈtroʊl ənd priˈvɛnʃən (ˈsiˌdiˈsi) toʊld ðə ˈɛˌrlaɪn ðə ˈpeɪʃənt flu tu lɛgz əv hɪz flaɪt frəm ˌlaɪˈbɪˌriə tɪ ˈdæləs ɔn sɛpt. 20 juˈnaɪtɪd flaɪts, wən frəm ˈbrəsəlz tɪ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*., ənd ðɛn frəm ˈwɔʃɪŋtən tɪ wərθ. ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈsiˌdiˈsi sɛd ðɛr ɪz risk”*” əv ˈɛni iˈboʊlə trænzˈmɪʃən tɪ ˈɛnibədi hu wɑz ˈtrævəlɪŋ ɔn ˈiðər flaɪt. ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl riˈlis wɪl reɪz kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ðə mɪskəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən bɪtˈwin ˈhɑˌspɪtəl stæf meɪ hæv ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ʧæns əv əˈdɪʃənəl ˈpipəl bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˌɪnˈfɛktɪd. ˈloʊkəl, steɪt ənd ˈfɛdərəl əˈfɪʃəlz hæv lɔnʧt ə brɔd ˈɛfərt tɪ treɪs ðə ˈkɑnˌtækts meɪd baɪ ðə ˈpeɪʃənt bɪtˈwin ðə taɪm hi bɪˈgæn ˈsəfərɪŋ ˈsɪmptəmz ənd hɪz ˈsɛkənd trɪp tɪ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, ɔn sɛpt. 28 ɪz ɔl hænz ɔn deck,”*,” ˈtɛksəs ˈgəvərnər rɪk ˈpɛri sɛd, flæŋkt baɪ ə ˈbætəri əv ˈdɑktərz ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl əˈfɪʃəlz. ˈdɑktər. ˈkrɪstəfər ˈpərkɪnz, ˈdæləs ˈkaʊnti hɛlθ ənd ˈjumən ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈmɛdɪkəl dɪˈrɛktər, sɛd 12 tɪ 18 ˈpipəl wər biɪŋ ˈmɑnətərd ˈæftər ˈpɑsəbli ˈkəmɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðə sɪk ˈpeɪʃənt. əv ðət ˈnəmbər, faɪv wər ˈmɛmbərz əv hɪz ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ənd faɪv wər ˈʧɪldrən. maɪk maɪəlz, ðə ˌsupərɪnˈtɛndənt əv ðə ˈdæləs ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt skul ˈdɪstrɪkt, sɛd ðə ˈʧɪldrən meɪ hæv kəm ˈɪntu ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðə ˈpeɪʃənt ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd. ðə ˈʧɪldrən ər biɪŋ kɛpt aʊt əv skul, bət əˈtɛndəd ˈərliər ðɪs wik, maɪəlz sɛd. nən əv ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈkɑnˌtækts ər ˈkərəntli biɪŋ kˈwɔrənˌtind. ðə ˈæmbjələns ˈwərkərz hu trænˈspɔrtəd ðə iˈboʊlə ˈpeɪʃənt ɔn hɪz ˈsɛkənd trɪp tɪ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ər ɪn ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən ɛz ə priˈkɔʃən. ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɪz stɪl ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ wət priˈkɔʃənz tɪ teɪk wɪθ ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl stæf hu hæd ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðə ˈpeɪʃənt. ənd ɪkˈspoʊʒər ər nɑt ðə same,”*,” sɛd ˈdɑktər. ˈɛdwərd ˈgʊdmən, ən ˌɛpəˌdiˌmiˈɑləˌʤɪst æt ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, hu strɛst ðət ðɛr wɑz ˈlɪtəl ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd ðət ˈɛnibədi æt ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl həz bɪn ɪkˈspoʊzd. əˈfɪʃəlz ˈkɔʃənd ðə ˈpəblɪk nɑt tɪ ˈpænɪk. waɪl ˈdɛdli, iˈboʊlə ɪz nɑt ˈizi tɪ trænzˈmɪt. ɪt ɪz pæst ɔn θru ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ˈbɑdəli fluɪdz, səʧ ɛz bləd ər ˈvɑmət, bət ɪt ˈkænɑt bi trænzˈmɪtəd θru ðə ɛr. ˈpeɪʃənz ˈkɛriɪŋ iˈboʊlə ər nɑt kənˈteɪʤəs ənˈlɛs ðeɪ ər prɪˈzɛntɪŋ ˈsɪmptəmz əv ðə dɪˈziz. ðɪs ˈstɔri həz bɪn ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd tɪ rɪˈflɛkt nu ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə trɪp tɪ ˈdæləs ənd ðə ˈtaɪmɪŋ əv hɪz ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. raɪt tɪ ˈæləks ˈɔltmən æt alex_altman@timemagazine.com*.
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updated 7:45 p.m. wednesday
the dallas hospital patient who has tested positive for ebola virus indicated on his first visit that he had traveled to the city from west africa, but was released after that information was not communicated to the entire medical team who treated him.
the patient first arrived at texas health presbyterian hospital in dallas late on sept. 25, complaining of a fever and abdominal pains, hospital officials said at a news conference. a nurse administered a checklist, on which the patient indicated that he had recently traveled from liberia. nevertheless, the hospital sent him home.
“the overall clinical presentation was not typical at that point yet for ebola,” said dr. mark lester, vice president and zone clinical leader with texas health resources, noting that the patient lacked some traditional hallmarks of the disease, which include vomiting and diarrhea. “regretfully, that information was not fully communicated throughout the full team.”
the patient, who was confirmed tuesday as the first direct case of ebola on u.s. soil, was re-admitted two days later and placed immediately in isolation. on wednesday, the hospital said he was in serious but stable condition. he is being held in a private ward under round-the-clock care.
the associated press, citing the patient’s sister, reported that his name was thomas eric duncan. local officials would not confirm the report in accordance with patient confidentiality requirements.
in a statement wednesday afternoon, united airlines said the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) told the airline the patient flew two legs of his flight from liberia to dallas on sept. 20 united flights, one from brussels to washington, d.c., and then from washington to dallas-fort worth. the director of the cdc said there is “zero risk” of any ebola transmission to anybody who was traveling on either flight.
the patient’s initial release will raise questions about whether the miscommunication between hospital staff may have increased the chance of additional people becoming infected. local, state and federal officials have launched a broad effort to trace the contacts made by the patient between the time he began suffering symptoms and his second trip to the hospital, on sept. 28.
“this is all hands on deck,” texas governor rick perry said, flanked by a battery of doctors and political officials.
dr. christopher perkins, dallas county health and human services medical director, said 12 to 18 people were being monitored after possibly coming into contact with the sick patient. of that number, five were members of his immediate household and five were school-aged children.
mike miles, the superintendent of the dallas independent school district, said the children may have come into contact with the patient over the weekend. the children are being kept out of school, but attended earlier this week, miles said. none of the potential contacts are currently being quarantined.
the ambulance workers who transported the ebola patient on his second trip to the hospital are in isolation as a precaution. the hospital is still deciding what precautions to take with the medical staff who had contact with the patient. “contact and exposure are not the same,” said dr. edward goodman, an epidemiologist at the hospital, who stressed that there was little likelihood that anybody at the hospital has been exposed.
officials cautioned the public not to panic. while deadly, ebola is not easy to transmit. it is passed on through contact with bodily fluids, such as blood or vomit, but it cannot be transmitted through the air. patients carrying ebola are not contagious unless they are presenting symptoms of the disease.
this story has been updated to reflect new information about the patient’s trip to dallas and the timing of his visit to the hospital.
write to alex altman at alex_altman@timemagazine.com.
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ɪn, ə taʊn ɪn wɛst rəˈmɑlə, wən kən faɪnd ˈprɪkli pɛrz ɪn ɔl ˈhaʊsɪz, ðə ˈsəmər frut əv ʧɔɪs fər ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz ənd ə ˈsɪmbəl əv ˈstɛdˌfæstnəs ənd ˈpeɪʃəns. əˈwɑd, 37 lɪvz ɪn, ə taʊn noʊn fər ɪts ˌkəltɪˈveɪʃən əv ˈprɪkli pɛrz. ʃi weɪks əp ˈərli ˈɛvəri deɪ tɪ ˈhɑrvəst ðə frut. əˈwɑd, hu wərks ɛz ə ˈtiʧər ɪn ə ˈkɪndərˌgɑrtən, ˈhɑrvəsts ˈprɪkli pɛrz ɪn ðə ˈsəmər ɛz ə ˈsɛkənd sɔrs əv ˈɪnˌkəm. ðə ˈsəmər mənθs, aɪ ˈhɑrvəst ənd sɛl ˈprɪkli pears,”*,” ʃi toʊld ˈeɪʤənsi. ɪz ðə meɪn sɔrs əv ˈɪnˌkəm fər maɪ ˈfæməli ənd aɪ bɪˈkəz aɪ du nɑt rɪˈsiv ˈɛni ˈsæləri ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsəmər holiday.”*.” pɛrz ər ə dɪˈlɪʃəs frut baɪ ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz ɪn ˈsəmər, əˈspɛʃəli baɪ ðə pur du tɪ ɪts loʊ praɪs kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈəðər taɪps əv fruit,”*,” ʃi ˈædɪd. ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈplæstɪk gləvz, əˈwɑd ˈjuzɪz ˈspɛʃəl brumz ər ˈkɛrəb tri ˈbrænʧɪz tɪ klin ðə pɛrz. ðə praɪs əv wən ˈkɪləˌgræm ɪz əˈbaʊt θri ˈʃɛkəlz ənd ðə neɪm əv ðə frut ˈdɪfərz frəm wən ˈkəntri tɪ ðə nɛkst ɪn ðə ˈærəb wərld. ““sabr”*” ɪn ˈpæləˌstaɪn ənd ðə ləˈvænt, ɪt ɪz kɔld ““sabr,”*,” ɪn ˈiʤɪpt fig,”*,” ənd ““albershoom”*” ɪn ðə əˈreɪbiən pəˈnɪnsələ. ““sabr”*” minz ““patience,”*,” ə kɔr ˈvælju hɛld baɪ ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz ɪn ðə ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz. ðə pɛrz ˈoʊnli groʊ ɪn draɪ ˈpleɪsɪz ənd həz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ sərˈvaɪv draʊt ɛz ɪts stɔks ər fɪld wɪθ ˈwɔtər. ðeɪ ər ə ˈfeɪvərɪt fud fər ˈkæməlz ɪn ðə ˈdɛzərt dɪˈspaɪt ðə ʃɑrp spaɪnz ˈskætərd ɔn ɪts ˈsərfəs. ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə pɛrz ðɛr ər fʊl əv smɔl sidz. ɪts ˈaʊtər ʃɛl kənˈteɪnz ˈmɛni pɔrz, ɪn iʧ əv wɪʧ groʊ ʃɑrp ənd smuð spaɪnz. ɪz wən əv ðə haɪəst prəˈdusərz əv ˈprɪkli pɛrz ɪn ˈpæləˌstaɪn, prəˈdusɪŋ əraʊnd faɪv tənz pər ˈsizən ˈstɑrtɪŋ frəm ˈɛvəri jɪr ənd fər ˈlæstɪŋ fər θri mənθs, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ əˈwɑd, ə ˈʤərnəlɪst ənd wən əv ðə ˈrɛzɪdənts. ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən dɪz nɑt ɪkˈsid ənd ɪz noʊn fər ɪts ˌkəltɪˈveɪʃən əv ˈɑlɪv, fɪgz ənd ˈprɪkli pɛrz, əˈwɑd sɛd. pərˈsɛnt əv ɪts ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri wɑz sizd baɪ ˌɪzˈreɪli ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən ˈfɔrsɪz ˈæftər ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ əv ðə əˈpɑrˌtaɪt wall,”*,” hi sɛd. ɪz nɑt ə haʊs ɪn ðə taʊn ðət dɪz nɑt hæv ˈprɪkli pɛrz trees.”*.” wən əv ðə ˈrɛzɪdənts, əˈwɑd ˈkæləf, 64 həz ˈkəltəˌveɪtɪd ˈprɪkli pɛrz sɪns ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd. hi həz 17 əv ˈkækti, wɪθ wən biɪŋ ɪkˈwɪvələnt tɪ skwɛr ˈmitərz, sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ əraʊnd 500 ˈprɪkli pɛrz triz. triz ər kənˈsɪdərd ðə wɔlz ðət prəˈtɛkt ðə ərθ frəm ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈænəməlz ənd ər ðə frut əv ðə pur farmer,”*,” ˈkæləf toʊld ˈeɪʤənsi. ˈsizən, ˈkækti ər ˈhɑrvəstɪd ənd soʊld ɪn ðə ˈmɑrkɪts əv rəˈmɑlə ənd jerusalem,”*,” hi ˈædɪd. ər triz ðət du nɑt nid tɪ bi ˈteɪkən kɛr əv. ðeɪ groʊ wɪˈθaʊt ˈwɔtər. ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ ɪt nidz ɪz tɪ bi harvested!”*!” əˈwɑd sɛd hi ərnz əraʊnd ˈʃɛkəlz 800 frəm ˈprɪkli pɛrz iʧ ˈsizən, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ hɪz wərk ɪn ˈkəltɪˌveɪtɪŋ ˈɑlɪvz ənd ˈbridɪŋ ʃip. ðə vjuz ɪkˈsprɛst ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl bɪˈlɔŋ tɪ ðə ˈɔθər ənd du nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli rɪˈflɛkt ðə ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl ˈpɑləsi əv ˈmɪdəl ist ˈmɑnətər.
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in padras, a town in west ramallah, one can find prickly pears in all houses, the summer fruit of choice for palestinians and a symbol of steadfastness and patience.
zainab awad, 37, lives in padras, a town known for its cultivation of prickly pears. she wakes up early every day to harvest the fruit. awad, who works as a teacher in a private-sector kindergarten, harvests prickly pears in the summer as a second source of income.
“in the summer months, i harvest and sell prickly pears,” she told anadolu agency. “it is the main source of income for my family and i because i do not receive any salary during the summer holiday.”
“prickly pears are a delicious fruit favoured by palestinians in summer, especially by the poor due to its low price compared with other types of fruit,” she added.
wearing plastic gloves, awad uses special brooms or carob tree branches to clean the pears.
the price of one kilogram is about three shekels ($0.80) and the name of the fruit differs from one country to the next in the arab world.
“sabr”
in palestine and the levant, it is called “sabr,” in egypt “spiny fig,” and “albershoom” in the arabian peninsula. “sabr” means “patience,” a core value held by palestinians in the occupied territories.
the pears only grow in dry places and has the ability to survive drought as its stalks are filled with water. they are a favourite food for camels in the desert despite the sharp spines scattered on its surface.
inside the pears there are pulps full of small seeds. its outer shell contains many pores, in each of which grow sharp and smooth spines.
padras is one of the highest producers of prickly pears in palestine, producing around five tons per season starting from mid-july every year and for lasting for three months, according to abdel-rahman awad, a journalist and one of the town’s residents.
the town’s population does not exceed 2,200 and is known for its cultivation of olive, figs and prickly pears, awad said. “eighty percent of its territory was seized by israeli occupation forces after the building of the apartheid wall,” he said. “there is not a house in the town that does not have prickly pears trees.”
one of the town’s residents, awad khalaf, 64, has cultivated prickly pears since childhood. he has 17 dunums of cacti, with one dunum being equivalent to 1,000 square meters, surrounded by around 500 prickly pears trees. “cacti trees are considered the walls that protect the earth from dangerous animals and are the fruit of the poor farmer,” khalaf told anadolu agency.
“every season, cacti are harvested and sold in the markets of ramallah and jerusalem,” he added. “cacti are trees that do not need to be taken care of. they grow without water. the only thing it needs is to be harvested!”
awad said he earns around 3,000 shekels ($800) from prickly pears each season, along with his work in cultivating olives and breeding sheep.
the views expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of middle east monitor.
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ˈɔgəst 10 2017 ˈrəʃə wɔnts ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən, bət ərˈɛstɪŋ ɪts ˈfrɔdstərz ˈrəʃə ɪz bæd wi ər toʊld ɔn ə ˈdeɪli beɪs. ɪt ɪz ˈhækɪŋ juz. ɪˈlɛkʃənz ɪt ɪz kleɪmd, ˈivɪn wɪn ðə ˈɛvədəns sɪz ɪt dɪd nɑt du soʊ. ðə ˈpəblɪk ɪz ˈoʊnli ˈmaɪldli kənˈvɪnst baɪ ðə ˌprɑpəˈgændə kæmˈpeɪn. ðə əˈtɛmpt əv ðə bɔrg tɪ ˌriɪgˈnaɪt ə koʊld wɔr ənd tɪ ˈvɪlɪˌfaɪ ˈrəʃə ɪz ˈhæmpərd baɪ ðət fækt ðət ˈrəʃə ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ən ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɛnəmi əv ðə "wɛst". ˈrəʃə ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈkɑmjənəst ənd ðɛr ər noʊ ˈsoʊviˌɛts ˈrulɪŋ ɪt. ˈtudeɪz ˈrəʃə ɪz ˌɪnˈdid ˈkæpətəlɪst ənd ˈivɪn neo-liberal*. ðə nu weɪ tɪ ˈvɪlɪˌfaɪ ˈrəʃə məst ðɛn pərˈsid ɔn ə ˈdɪfərənt rut. "jɛs, ˈrəʃə ɪz ˈkæpətəlɪst, bət ɪt ɪz ˈkæpətəlɪst ɪn ə bæd weɪ." ðəs wi gɪt ðɪs ˈhɛˌdlaɪn ənd ˈstɔri: ˈrəʃə wɔnts ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən, bət ərˈɛstɪŋ ɪts ˈɪnəˌveɪtərz: akademgorodok*, ˈrəʃə dˈmitri ɪz ə jəŋ wɪθ ə ˌpeɪtriˈɑtɪk ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən, sin ɪn ðɪs pɑrt əv saɪˈbɪriə ɛz ən ɪgˈzɛmplɑr əv ðə ˈtælənts, ˌdɛdəˈkeɪʃən ənd ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ðət ˈprɛzɪdənt vˈlædəmɪr vi. ˈputɪn həz heɪld ɛz ˈvaɪtəl fər fˈjuʧər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk hɛlθ. jɛt ˈmɪstər. ˈfeɪsɪz əp tɪ eɪt jɪrz ɪn ʤeɪl ˈæftər ə ˈrisənt reɪd ɔn hɪz hoʊm ənd ˈɔfəs hir ɪn akademgorodok*, ə ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri əv ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈrisərʧ ðət wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs haʊ ˈmɪstər. ˈrəʃə kən ˈhɑrnɪs ɪts əˈbəndəns əv ˈtælənt tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈmɑdərn ɪˈkɑnəmi. ə kɔrt læst ˈθərzˌdeɪ ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈmɪstər. haʊs ərˈɛst ənˈtɪl æt list ɑkˈtoʊbər, wɪʧ bɑrz ɪm frəm ˈlivɪŋ hɪz əˈpɑrtmənt ər kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ˈɛniˌwən ˈəðər ðən hɪz ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈfæməli. ˈnoʊtɪst haʊ bæd ˈputɪn ɪz? haʊ ˈvɛri əˌθɔrəˈtɛriən hɪz ˈgəvərnmənt θəgz ər? ðeɪ ˈivɪn ərˈɛst ən "ˌɑntrəprəˈnʊr wɪθ ə ˌpeɪtriˈɑtɪk ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən"! bət waɪ ɪz ðə mæn ɪn frənt əv ə kɔrt? ˈmɪstər., 36 huz ˈkəmpəˌni, tion*, ˌmænjəˈfækʧərz ˌhaɪˈtɛk ˈsɪstəmz fər hoʊmz ənd ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz, ɪz əˈkjuzd əv ˈrɪskɪŋ ðə lɪvz əv ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈpeɪʃənz, ənd traɪɪŋ tɪ lɪft ˈprɑfɪts, baɪ ˈəpˌgreɪdɪŋ ðə ˈpjʊrəˌfaɪərz soʊ ðeɪ wʊd kənˈsum lɛs ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti. moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, hi ɪz əˈkjuzd əv duɪŋ ðɪs wɪˈθaʊt steɪt ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz ˈsərtəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. "ˈəpˌgreɪdɪŋ" ˈsəmθɪŋ soʊ "ɪt kənˈsumz lɛs ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti" ɪz əv kɔrs gʊd. wi ɔl noʊ ðɪs. tɛn ˈpɛrəˌgræfs ˈfɑloʊ tɪ ˈfərðər kənˈvɪns ˈjuˈɛs ðət ðə gaɪ ɪz ˈrɪli ɔn ðə gʊd saɪd ənd ðət ˈputɪn lɛd ˈrəʃə ɪz bæd, bæd, bæd. ˈoʊnli ðɛn du wi lərn wət ˈkəmpəˌni ˈrɪli dɪd: [ʧif ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈɔfɪsər] sɛd ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz əˈproʊʧt baɪ ðə ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈeɪʤənsi ənd sɛd ðət ɪt hæd ʧeɪnʤd ɪts dɪˈzaɪn ənd riˈmuvd ə ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri ˈfɪltərɪŋ dɪˈvaɪs ðət ˈlæbrəˌtɔri tɛsts hæd ʃoʊn wɑz rɪˈdəndənt ənd ˈweɪstɪd ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ðɛn əˈmɛndɪd ɪts ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈdɑkjəmənts ənd θɔt ðə ˈmætər wɑz ˈoʊvər, ˈmɪstər. sɛd. soʊ hir ɪz wət ˈrɪli ˈhæpənd. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni prəˈdusɪz ˈlaɪsənst ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈfɪltər ɪkˈwɪpmənt. ɪt ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪd wən steɪʤ əv ðə ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈfɪltərz ənd soʊld ðə dɪˈgreɪdɪd ɪkˈwɪpmənt wɪˈθaʊt ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈɛniˌwən əˈbaʊt ðə ʧeɪnʤ. jɛs, ðə ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd ɪkˈwɪpmənt dɪz "kənˈsum lɛs ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti". ɪt dɪz soʊ bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈfɪltərz lɛs ðən ɪt ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ du. ðə dɪˈgreɪdɪd ənd ˈʧipər prəˈdust ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈprɑdəkt wɑz soʊld wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈvælɪd ˈlaɪsəns. ˈfaɪnəli səm əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz kəmˈpɛtɪtərz ˈnoʊtɪst ðɪs ənd ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈdeɪnʤərəs frɔd. ðə "ˈɪnəˌveɪtər" ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ərˈɛstɪd fər frɔd ənd wɪl hæv tɪ goʊ tɪ ʤeɪl. ðət ɔl simz ˈvɛri ˈnɔrməl tɪ mi ənd ðə weɪ ˈprɑdəkt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ʃʊd wərk. wɪn səm ˈʤərmən kɑr ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ˈʧitɪd wɪθ ˈdizəl ɪˈmɪʃən tɛsts ðɛr juz. kəmˈpɛtɪtərz kəmˈpleɪnd ənd ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər pʊt səm ˈkəmpəˌni əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ ʤeɪl. ðət wɑz ˈlɔdɪd, ˈivɪn ɪn ðə, ɛz gʊd ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən. bət wɪn ˈrəʃə dɪz ðə ˈvɛri seɪm ɪt ɪz dɪˈfeɪmd ɛz ˈstaɪfəlɪŋ ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən. ˌprɑpəˈgændə wərks. ðə ˈɔθər əv ðə pis ˈmænɪʤd tɪ kənˈvɪns hɪz ˈridərz. əv ðə ˈkɑrənt 29 "ˈridər ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd" ˈkɑmɛnts 28 ər ˈnɛgətɪv təˈwɔrdz ˈrəʃə. ˈoʊnli wən ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər, frəm vænˈkuvər, pɔɪnts aʊt ðət ðə ˈsɪstəm wərkt ɛz ɪt ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ wərk ˈɛvriˌwɛr. ðət ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈpinəˌlaɪzd fər ə ˈfrɔʤələnt ˈprɑdəkt ənd ðə riˈspɑnsəbəl ˈmænɪʤər ˈpənɪʃt. wən ˈwəndərz haʊ ðə ˈɔθər əv ðə pis, ənd hɪz ˈrəʃə ˈbæʃɪŋ ˈridərz, wʊd fil əˈbaʊt ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃəntli ˈfɪltərd ɛr wɪn ðeɪ laɪ ɪn ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪv kɛr. ˈpoʊstɪd baɪ bi ɔn ˈɔgəst 10 2017 æt piɛm ˈkɑmɛnts
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august 10, 2017
nyt - russia wants innovation, but it’s arresting its fraudsters
russia is bad we are told on a daily base. it is hacking u.s. elections it is claimed, even when the evidence says it did not do so. the public is only mildly convinced by the anti-russian propaganda campaign.
the attempt of the borg to reignite a cold war and to vilify russia is hampered by that fact that russia is no longer an ideological enemy of the "west". russia is no longer communist and there are no soviets ruling it. today's russia is indeed capitalist and even neo-liberal.
the new way to vilify russia must then proceed on a different route. "yes, russia is capitalist, but it is capitalist in a bad way." thus we get this nyt headline and story: russia wants innovation, but it’s arresting its innovators:
akademgorodok, russia — dmitri trubitsyn is a young physicist-entrepreneur with a patriotic reputation, seen in this part of siberia as an exemplar of the talents, dedication and enterprise that president vladimir v. putin has hailed as vital for russia’s future economic health. yet mr. trubitsyn faces up to eight years in jail after a recent raid on his home and office here in akademgorodok, a soviet-era sanctuary of scientific research that was supposed to showcase how mr. putin’s russia can harness its abundance of talent to create a modern economy. a court last thursday extended mr. trubitsyn’s house arrest until at least october, which bars him from leaving his apartment or communicating with anyone other than his immediate family.
noticed how bad putin is? how very authoritarian his government thugs are? they even arrest an "entrepreneur with a patriotic reputation"!
but why is the man in front of a court?
mr. trubitsyn, 36, whose company, tion, manufactures high-tech air-purification systems for homes and hospitals, is accused of risking the lives of hospital patients, and trying to lift profits, by upgrading the purifiers so they would consume less electricity. most important, he is accused of doing this without state regulators certifying the changes.
"upgrading" something so "it consumes less electricity" is of course good. we all know this.
ten paragraphs follow to further convince us that the guy is really on the good side and that putin led russia is bad, bad, bad.
only then do we learn what trubitsyn's company really did:
[chief technical officer] amelkin said the company was approached by the regulatory agency and said that it had changed its design and removed a supplementary filtering device that laboratory tests had shown was redundant and wasted electricity. the company then amended its registration documents and thought the matter was over, mr. amelkin said.
so here is what really happened. the company produces licensed medical filter equipment. it eliminated one stage of the expensive filters and sold the degraded equipment without telling anyone about the change.
yes, the modified equipment does "consume less electricity". it does so because it filters less than it is supposed to do. the degraded and cheaper produced medical product was sold without a valid license. finally some of the companies competitors noticed this and informed the regulators about the dangerous fraud. the "innovator" ceo of the company was arrested for fraud and will have to go to jail.
that all seems very normal to me and the way product regulation should work. when some german car manufacturers cheated with diesel emission tests their u.s. competitors complained and the regulator put some company officials to jail. that was lauded, even in the nyt, as good regulation. but when russia does the very same it is defamed as stifling innovation.
propaganda works. the author of the nyt piece managed to convince his readers. of the current 29 "reader recommended" comments 28 are negative towards russia. only one commentator, from vancouver, points out that the system worked as it is supposed to work everywhere. that the company was penalized for a fraudulent product and the responsible manager punished.
one wonders how the author of the piece, and his russia bashing readers, would feel about insufficiently filtered air when they lie in intensive care.
posted by b on august 10, 2017 at 03:02 pm | permalink
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3 wiks əv ɔn ðə ˌæpəˈlæʧən treɪl maɪk meɪˈdɪroʊz blɑkt ˈfɑloʊ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ 22 2016 həz jʊr ˈbɑdi ˈɛvər ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ədˈvɛnʧər? jʊr fæt bɪn nɔd ɔf? jʊr ɛkˈstreɪniəs ˈməsəlz dɪˈvaʊərd? jʊr ˈstəmək kənˈtɔrtəd laɪk ˈrigən macniel*? ə ˈpɑrʃəl səˈluʃən həz əraɪvd:. [dɪˈskleɪmər: aɪ æm ˈspɑnsərd baɪ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɑz nɑt ˈrɪtən æt ðɛr bɪkˈwɛst ənd ɔl əˈpɪnjənz kənˈteɪnd hɪˈrɪn ər maɪ oʊn.] θri ˈhənərd maɪəlz əˈgoʊ, aɪ bɪˈgæn ə əv ðə ˌæpəˈlæʧən treɪl, wɪθ 60 əv maɪ ˈdeɪli ˈkælɔˌriz ˈkəmɪŋ frəm. aɪ hæv ˈgɑrnərd ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əˈmaʊnt əv əˈtɛnʃən ɔn ðə treɪl (ənd ðə) bɪˈkəz əv ðɪs. ˈmɛni ˈhaɪkərz ðət aɪ mit kənˈsɪdərd, bət ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ əˈvɔɪd ɪt bɪˈkəz ðeɪ lækt ˈædəkˌweɪt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. aɪ hoʊp ðət maɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪl bi ə ˈrisɔrs fər ðoʊz ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ juz ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. wət ɪz? ɪz ə complete”*” ˈpaʊdər. ɪt kənˈteɪnz ɔl əv ðə fæts, ˈproʊˌtinz, carbs*, ˈvaɪtəmənz, ˈnutriənts, ənd ˈfaɪbərz əv ə ˈhɛlθi daɪət. ɪt ɪz boʊθ ˈvɛgən ənd ˈlæktoʊs fri. ju ˈsɪmpli mɪks ðə ˈpaʊdər wɪθ ˈwɔtər ənd drɪŋk ɪt. haʊ dɪz ɪt teɪst? ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfɑloʊˌəp kˈwɛʃən! tɪ mi, teɪst ˈvɛri ˈnutrəl ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈmɪlki. aɪ praɪˈmɛrəli drɪŋk ɪt əˈloʊn, bət ðə ˈnutrəl ˈproʊˌfaɪl meɪks ˈfleɪvərɪŋ ˈsɪmpəl. du ju fil fʊl? jɛs, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt maɪt bi mɔr ˈækjərət tɪ seɪ ðət aɪ æm noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈhəŋgri. aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər fɛlt ˈbloʊtɪd ɔn. wət ər ðə proʊz? weɪt: weɪz 120 ˈkælɔˌriz pər aʊns. waɪl ðɪs dɪz nɑt kˈwɑləˌfaɪ ɛz ˈmæʤɪkəl, ɪt ɪz ənˈmæʧt frəm ə ˈproʊˌfaɪl pərˈspɛktɪv. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ɪt ɪz no-cook*, ˈminɪŋ ðət stoʊv ənd fjuəl weɪt kən bi ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪd. customization*: ˈɛvriˌwən həz ˈdɪfərənt nuˈtrɪʃənəl nidz. ækts ɛz ə beɪs fər əˈdɪʃənz. fər ˈɪnstəns, aɪ æm ˈjuzɪŋ ˈproʊˌtin ˈpaʊdər ənd ˈpaʊdərd mɪlk tɪ ˌɪnˈkris maɪ fæt ənd ˈproʊˌtin kənˈsəmʃən. ðɪs həz əˈlaʊd mi tɪ kənˈsum ˈoʊvər 160 græmz əv ˈproʊˌtin pər deɪ, ɪn laɪn wɪθ maɪ səˈʤɛsʧən. kæˈfin, electrolytes*, ˈɑlɪv ɔɪl, ˈfleɪvərɪŋ, ənd ə hoʊst əv ˈəðər ˈædɪtɪvz kən bi juzd tɪ ˈpərsənəˌlaɪz. aɪ hæv ˈivɪn meɪd ˈpʊdɪŋ (mɔr ɔn ðət ɪn ə ˈleɪtər poʊst). səˈsteɪnd ˈɛnərʤi: maɪ ˈɛnərʤi ˈlɛvəlz waɪl ˈhaɪkɪŋ hæv bɪn boʊθ haɪ ənd səˈsteɪnd. aɪ bɪˈliv ðɪs stɛmz frəm tu əˈtrɪˌbjuts. fərst, aɪ hæv ˈteɪlərd maɪ tɪ mit maɪ nuˈtrɪʃənəl nidz. ə fʊl nuˈtrɪʃənəl ˈproʊˌfaɪl prəˈvaɪdz mɔr ˈɛnərʤi ðən ənd pop-tarts*. ˈsɛkənd, aɪ kənˈsum mɔr ˈfrikwɛntli ðən aɪ wʊd ˈnɔrməl fud du tɪ iz. ðɪs rɪˈzəlts ɪn səˈsteɪnd ˈkælɔˌri ˈɪnˌteɪk. iz: ɪz ˈrɛdi wɛˈnɛvər aɪ nid ɪt. mɪks ənd ʃeɪk. noʊ ˈweɪtɪŋ. noʊ ˈkʊkɪŋ. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kip ə mɪkst ˈbɑtəl ɔn ðə saɪd əv maɪ pæk fər ˈizi ˈækˌsɛs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə deɪ. praɪs: æt lɛs ðən 8 pər 2000 ˈkælɔˌriz (wɪn ˈɔrdərd ɪn bəlk), prəˈvaɪdz ə gʊd ˈvælju kəmˈpɛrd tɪ friz draɪd milz ənd ˈəðər ɔlˈtərnətɪvz. fər ðə nuˈtrɪʃənəl ˈproʊˌfaɪl, ðə kɔst ɪz kwaɪt ˈrizənəbəl. wət ər ðə kɑnz? ˈwɔtər availability/weight*: [noʊt: ðɪs həz nɑt bɪn ən ˈɪʃu ɔn ðə ˌæpəˈlæʧən treɪl.] ɔn ˈmɛni lɔŋ treɪlz ˈwɔtər ɪz skɛrs. aɪ hæv faʊnd ðət ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ɪz nɑt ə fʊl ˈsəbstəˌtut fər ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈwɔtər. ðə ˈɛkstrə ˈwɔtər weɪt ˈnidɪd fər kʊd kˈwɪkli ˈoʊvərˈʃædoʊ ðə proʊz. ˌbiˈfɔr ɛmˈbɑrkɪŋ ɔn ə trɪp wɪθ, ɪnˈʃʊr ˈædəkˌweɪt ˈwɔtər əˈlɔŋ ðə treɪl. ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl: [noʊt: ðɪs həz nɑt bɪn ə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈprɑbləm. maɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən hir ɪz ˌænɪkˈdoʊtəl.] səm ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz rɪˈpɔrt daɪˈʤɛsʧən ˈɪʃuz əˈpɑn sˈwɪʧɪŋ tɪ ˈpaʊdərd fud. aɪ wʊd ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ˈtɛstɪŋ ənd tɪ æt hoʊm ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsɛtɪŋ aʊt. hɑt fud: ɛz ɔl ədˈvɛnʧərərz noʊ, hɑt fud kən bi ɔn ə koʊld naɪt. laɪk ɔl noʊ stoʊv ˈsɪstəmz, ju luz aʊt wɪθ. kənˈkluʒən aɪ hæv faʊnd tɪ bi ən əˈmeɪzɪŋ treɪl fud. maɪ ˈhəŋgər ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli ˈəndər kənˈtroʊl, aɪ hæv səˈsteɪnd ˈɛnərʤi, ənd maɪ pæk ɪz laɪt. aɪ wʊd ˈhaɪli ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ɪt tɪ ˈɛni ədˈvɛnʧərərz ɪn ˈɛriəz wɪθ ˈplɛnɪfəl ˈwɔtər ˈrisɔrsɪz. aɪ plæn tɪ poʊst əˈnəðər ˈəpˌdeɪt ˈleɪtər ɪn ðə treɪl, bət ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm ɪf ju hæv ˈɛni kˈwɛsʧənz fil fri tɪ iˈmeɪl mi æt æt gmail.com*. ʧɪrz,
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3 weeks of soylent on the appalachian trail
mike medeiros blocked unblock follow following jul 22, 2016
has your body ever cannibalized itself during an adventure? your fat been gnawed off? your extraneous muscles devoured? your stomach contorted like regan macniel?
a partial solution has arrived: soylent. [disclaimer: i am sponsored by soylent, however this article was not written at their bequest and all opinions contained herein are my own.]
three hundred miles ago, i began a south-bound thru-hike of the appalachian trail, with 60% of my daily calories coming from soylent. i have garnered a significant amount of attention on the trail (and the trail-name powderpuff) because of this. many hikers that i meet considered soylent, but decided to avoid it because they lacked adequate information. i hope that my experience will be a resource for those looking to use soylent in the future.
what is soylent?
soylent is a “nutritionally complete” powder. it contains all of the fats, proteins, carbs, vitamins, nutrients, and fibers of a healthy diet. it is both vegan and lactose free. you simply mix the powder with water and drink it.
how does it taste?
the most important follow-up question! to me, soylent taste very neutral and almost milky. i primarily drink it alone, but the neutral profile makes flavoring soylent simple.
do you feel full?
yes, although it might be more accurate to say that i am no longer hungry. i have never felt bloated on soylent.
what are the pros?
weight: soylent weighs 120 calories per ounce. while this does not qualify as magical, it is unmatched from a weight-to-nutritional profile perspective. additionally, it is no-cook, meaning that stove and fuel weight can be eliminated. customization: everyone has different nutritional needs. soylent acts as a base for diy additions. for instance, i am using protein powder and powdered milk to increase my fat and protein consumption. this has allowed me to consume over 160 grams of protein per day, in line with my doctor’s suggestion. caffeine, electrolytes, olive oil, flavoring, and a host of other additives can be used to personalize soylent. i have even made soylent pudding (more on that in a later post). sustained energy: my energy levels while hiking have been both high and sustained. i believe this stems from two attributes. first, i have tailored my soylent to meet my nutritional needs. a full nutritional profile provides more energy than ramen and pop-tarts. second, i consume soylent more frequently than i would normal food due to ease. this results in sustained calorie intake. ease: soylent is ready whenever i need it. mix and shake. no waiting. no cooking. i also keep a mixed bottle on the side of my pack for easy access during the day. price: at less than $8 per 2000 calories (when ordered in bulk), soylent provides a good value compared to freeze dried meals and other alternatives. for the nutritional profile, the cost is quite reasonable.
what are the cons?
water availability/weight: [note: this has not been an issue on the appalachian trail.] on many long trails water is scarce. i have found that drinking soylent is not a full substitute for drinking water. the extra water weight needed for soylent could quickly overshadow the pros. before embarking on a trip with soylent, ensure adequate water along the trail. biological: [note: this has not been a personal problem. my information here is anecdotal.] some individuals report digestion issues upon switching to powdered food. i would recommend testing and acclimating to soylent at home before setting out. hot food: as all adventurers know, hot food can be soul-warming on a cold night. like all no stove systems, you lose out with soylent.
conclusion
i have found soylent to be an amazing trail food. my hunger is usually under control, i have sustained energy, and my pack is light. i would highly recommend it to any adventurers in areas with plentiful water resources.
i plan to post another update later in the trail, but in the meantime if you have any questions feel free to email me at michael.richard.medeiros at gmail.com.
cheers,
powderpuff
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ɪn maɪ læst poʊst, aɪ ɪkˈspleɪnd haʊ tɪ ˈɔltər ən ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ʤɑb stɛp əˈkrɔs ˈmɛni ˈsərvərz. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæd kɔz tɪ æd ə ʤɑb stɛp tɪ ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv ʤɑbz ɛz wɛl. ðɪs ɪz haʊ aɪ dɪd ɪt. ɛz ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ ˈgæðərd ðə rikˈwaɪərd ʤɑbz ˈjuzɪŋ kəˈmænd frəm ðə ˈmɑʤul wɪʧ ju kən gɪt baɪ ˌɪnˈstɔlɪŋ ðə ˈleɪtəst frəm ðɪs koʊd wɑz rən ɔn ˈvərʒən 5 ənd wɪl nɑt rən ɔn ˈvərʒən 3 ər ˈərliər ɛz ɪt ˈjuzɪz ðə wɛr ˈmɛθəd aɪ pʊt ɔl əv ɑr ʤɑbz ðət aɪ rikˈwaɪərd ɔn ðə ɛˈsteɪt ˈɪntu ə ˈvɛriəbəl kɔld $ʤɑbz. (ju wɪl nid tɪ fɪl ðə $ˈsərvərz ˈvɛriəbəl wɪθ ðə neɪmz əv jʊr ˈɪnstənsɪz, ˈmeɪbi frəm ə ˈdætəˌbeɪs ər ər ə tɛkst faɪl $ʤɑbz -laɪk '*partofnameofjob**' -ənd $tru} ðɛn aɪ kən θru ðɛm wɪθ ə lup ɪn $ʤɑbz) ðɛn wi nid tɪ kriˈeɪt ə nu ʤɑb stɛp wɪʧ ɪz dən wɪθ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ koʊd tɪ faɪnd aʊt wət ɪz əˈveɪləbəl fər ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt ju kən rən ˈprɑpərti wi nid tɪ sɛt ðə neɪm, ðə ˈpɛrənt (ðə ʤɑb), ðə ˈdætəˌbeɪs, ðə kəˈmænd, ðə ˈsəbˌsɪstəm, ðə ɔn feɪl ˈækʃən, ɔn səkˈsɛs ˈækʃən ənd ðə ˈaɪˈdi fər ðə ʤɑb stɛp. aɪ sɛt ðə kəˈmænd tɪ ə ˈvɛriəbəl tɪ meɪk ðə koʊd ˈiziər tɪ rɛd $kəˈmænd "səˈlɛkt neɪm frəm sys.databases*" ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈprɑpərtiz aɪ fɪl ɪn ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə lup. tɪ faɪnd aʊt wət ðə ˈprɑpərtiz kən hoʊld aɪ lʊk æt fər ə ðə ˈaɪˈdi ˈprɑpərti ɪz ðə ˈnəmbər əv ðə ʤɑb stɛp ˈstɑrtɪŋ æt 1 soʊ ðɪs ɪgˈzæmpəl wɪl æd ə nu ʤɑb stɛp ðət wɪl bi ðə fərst tɪ rən 'ə dɪˈskrɪptɪv neɪm fər ðə ʤɑb stɛp' $ʤɑb 'ˈmæstər' $kəˈmænd 'transactsql*' 'quitwithfailure*' 'gotonextstep*' 1 wəns ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt həz ɔl əv ðə ˈprɑpərtiz ɔl wi nid tɪ du ɪz kriˈeɪt ɪt ənd ˈɔltər ðə ʤɑb $newstep.create*() $job.alter*() ənd ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪt ɔl təˈgɛðər ɪt lʊks laɪk ðɪs $ʤɑbz -laɪk '*partofnameofjob**' -ənd $tru} $kəˈmænd "səˈlɛkt neɪm frəm sys.databases*" ɪn $ʤɑbz) 'ə dɪˈskrɪptɪv neɪm fər ðə ʤɑb step1asdfsfasdfa*' $ʤɑb 'ˈmæstər' $kəˈmænd 'transactsql*' 'quitwithfailure*' 'gotonextstep*' 1 $newstep.create*() $job.alter*() ˈhoʊpfəli ðɪs wɪl hɛlp ju ɪf ju nid tɪ æd ə ʤɑb stɛp tɪ ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv ˈsərvərz ˈhæpi ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪŋ ʃɛr ðɪs: iˈmeɪl ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər prɪnt ˈtəmblər ˈpɑkət ˈtɛləˌgræm skaɪp
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in my last post, i explained how to alter an existing job step across many servers. i also had cause to add a t-sql job step to a large number of jobs as well. this is how i did it.
as before i gathered the required jobs using get-sqlagentjob command from the sqlserver module which you can get by installing the latest ssms from https://sqlps.io/dl
this code was run on powershell version 5 and will not run on powershell version 3 or earlier as it uses the where method
i put all of our jobs that i required on the estate into a variable called $jobs. (you will need to fill the $servers variable with the names of your instances, maybe from a database or cms or a text file
$jobs = (get-sqlagentjob -serverinstance $servers).where{$_.name -like '*partofnameofjob*' -and $_.isenabled -eq $true}
then i can iterate through them with a foreach loop
foreach($job in $jobs)
then we need to create a new job step which is done with the following code
$newstep = new-object microsoft.sqlserver.management.smo.agent.jobstep
to find out what is available for this object you can run
$newstep | get-member -membertype property
we need to set the name, the parent (the job), the database, the command, the subsystem, the on fail action, on success action and the id for the job step.
i set the command to a variable to make the code easier to read
$command = "select name from sys.databases"
the rest of the properties i fill in inside the loop. to find out what the properties can hold i look at msdn for a microsoft.sqlserver.management.smo.agent.jobstep the id property is the number of the job step starting at 1 so this example will add a new job step that will be the first to run
$newstep = new-object microsoft.sqlserver.management.smo.agent.jobstep $newstep.name = 'a descriptive name for the job step' $newstep.parent = $job $newstep.databasename = 'master' $newstep.command = $command $newstep.subsystem = 'transactsql' $newstep.onfailaction = 'quitwithfailure' $newstep.onsuccessaction = 'gotonextstep' $newstep.id = 1
once the object has all of the properties all we need to do is create it and alter the job
$newstep.create() $job.alter()
and putting it all together it looks like this
$jobs = (get-sqlagentjob -serverinstance $servers).where{$_.name -like '*partofnameofjob*' -and $_.isenabled -eq $true} $command = "select name from sys.databases" foreach($job in $jobs) { $newstep = new-object microsoft.sqlserver.management.smo.agent.jobstep $newstep.name = 'a descriptive name for the job step1asdfsfasdfa' $newstep.parent = $job $newstep.databasename = 'master' $newstep.command = $command $newstep.subsystem = 'transactsql' $newstep.onfailaction = 'quitwithfailure' $newstep.onsuccessaction = 'gotonextstep' $newstep.id = 1 $newstep.create() $job.alter() }
hopefully this will help you if you need to add a t-sql job step to a large number of servers
happy automating
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fɔr mɪθs əˈbaʊt sˈleɪvəri ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɔθər sɪz saʊθ ʃʊd fɔrm nu ˈneɪʃən wɪˈθaʊt geɪz ənd hɪˈspænɪks kɔld ‘‘reagan’*’ fɑks nuz hoʊst tɪ ˈeɪθiəsts: əkˈsɛpt ðə ‘‘culture’*’ əv ˈʤizəs ɪn skulz wɪn ju kəm tɪ ðə saʊθ ʤɑn 'wɔr məˈʃin' ˈkɑpɪnhəvər (screenshot*) ɪn ðə noʊt, wɔr məˈʃin bɔrn ˈʤɑnəθən ˈkɑpɪnhəvər əˈpɑləˌʤaɪzd tɪ hɪz frɛndz ənd ˈfæməli fər ðə ˈvaɪələnt ˈbitɪŋ ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt əv ˈkrɪsti mæk. hi bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ ə kwoʊˈteɪʃən frəm ðə ˈʤərmən fəˈlɑsəfər ˈfridrɪk ˈniʧi daɪ ˈpraʊdli wɪn ɪt ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ lɪv proudly”*” ˌbiˈfɔr ˈbrægɪŋ ðət dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət dɛd, hi mɔr ɪn maɪ ʃɔrt laɪf ðən 5 avg*. mɛn combined.”*.” wɔr məˈʃin ðɛn tɛlz ðə ˈwʊmən ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈhævɪŋ ˈbitən ənd reɪpt, ləvd ju mɔr ðən freedom,”*,” ənd ðət hi fərˈgɪvz hər fər ˈhævɪŋ ““cheated”*” ɔn ɪm ˈæftər ðeɪ hæd ˈbroʊkən əp. fərˈgɪv you,”*,” hi roʊt, fərˈgɪv me.”*.” ˈjuzɪŋ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə raɪts ˈmuvmənt, hi ˌɪmˈplɔrz hɪz ˈbrəðər tɪ ˈælfə meɪl ʃɪt alive.”*.” hi tɛlz hɪz frɛndz hi ləvz ðɛm, ˈraɪtɪŋ maɪ strɛŋθ bi wɪθ you.”*.” ɔl əv ðɪs ˈʃɛrɪŋ əv hɪz strɛŋθ ənd raɪts ˈbroʊˌmaɪdz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, lɛft wɔr məˈʃin laɪk ə lil’*’ bitch.”*.” ðə keɪs əˈgɛnst ɪm, hi roʊt, ɪz ridiculous.”*.” ˈwɑnə ʧɑrʤ mi wɪθ ˈbætəri ənd [dəˈmɛstɪk ˈvaɪələns]? faɪn, du ɪt, bət ˈreɪˌlroʊd mi wɪθ biz. ˈfænəsi ˈʧɑrʤɪz laɪk: reɪp! əˈtɛmptəd ˈmərdər! ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋ! ənd burglary!”*!” hi roʊt. ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl fər fər justice.”*.” ə gʊd ˈpərsən wɪθ ə juʤ heart,”*,” hi kənˈtɪnjud, ˈɛvriˌwən hu noʊz mi noʊ ðət, əˈspɛʃəli christy,”*,” huz feɪs hi broʊk, tiθ hi nɑkt aʊt, ənd ˈlɪvər ˈrəpʧərd ənd hu hi səˈʤɛstɪd wɪl bi ˈprɛʃərd baɪ ˈskəmˌbæg agent”*” tɪ ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ əˈgɛnst ɪm fər ˈməni. hi kənˈkludɪd hɪz ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˈlɛtər baɪ ˈæskɪŋ ɪts ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd rɪˈsɪpiənts rɪˈmɛmbər mi fər maɪ taɪmz əv strength,”*,” ənd ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət həz kɪld mɛn, aɪ wɑz ˈnɛvər mɛnt tɪ lɪv ɪn ðɪs ˈɪrə ˈɛniˌweɪ. ˈfɑloʊ jʊr drimz ənd θɪŋk fər yourselves.”*.” wɔr məˈʃin saɪnd ɔf wɪθ əˈnəðər kwoʊt frəm ˈniʧi, ““verily*, aɪ ˈɔfən læf æt ðə hu θɪŋk ðɛmˈsɛlvz gʊd bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæv noʊ claws.”*.” hi həz bɪn ɪn ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən ɔn ˈsuɪˌsaɪd wɔʧ sɪns hi əˈtɛmptəd tɪ teɪk hɪz oʊn laɪf, ənd ɪz du ɪn kɔrt fər ə prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈhirɪŋ ɔn ðə 32 ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst ɪm ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 14 2014 wɔʧ ə rɪˈpɔrt ɔn hɪz əˈtɛmptəd ˈsuɪˌsaɪd ˈviə bɪˈloʊ.
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four myths about slavery in the us
author says south should form new nation without gays and hispanics called ‘reagan’
fox news host to atheists: accept the ‘culture’ of jesus in schools when you come to the south
jon 'war machine' koppenhaver (screenshot)
in the note, war machine born jonathan koppenhaver apologized to his friends and family for the violent beating and sexual assault of christy mack. he begins with a quotation from the german philosopher friedrich nietzsche “to die proudly when it is no longer possible to live proudly” before bragging that despite the fact that he’s dead, he “experienced more in my short life than 5 avg. men combined.”
war machine then tells the woman he’s charged with having beaten and raped, “i loved you more than freedom,” and that he forgives her for having “cheated” on him after they had broken up. “i forgive you,” he wrote, “please forgive me.”
using language associated with the men’s rights movement, he implores his brother to “keep alpha male shit alive.” he tells his friends he loves them, writing “may my strength be with you.”
all of this sharing of his strength and men’s rights bromides, however, left war machine “crying like a lil’ bitch.” the case against him, he wrote, is “f*cking ridiculous.”
“they wanna charge me with battery and [domestic violence]? fine, do it, but don’t railroad me with b.s. fantasy charges like: rape! attempted murder! kidnapping! and burglary!” he wrote. “it’s making it impossible for for justice.”
“i’m a good person with a huge heart,” he continued, “and everyone who knows me know that, especially christy,” whose face he broke, teeth he knocked out, and liver ruptured and who he suggested will be pressured by “her scumbag agent” to testify against him for money.
he concluded his portion of the letter by asking its intended recipients “to remember me for my times of strength,” and noting that “society has killed men, i was never meant to live in this era anyway. follow your dreams and think for yourselves.”
war machine signed off with another quote from nietzsche, “verily, i often laugh at the weaklings who think themselves good because they have no claws.”
he has been in medical isolation on suicide watch since he attempted to take his own life, and is due in court for a preliminary hearing on the 32 charges against him on november 14, 2014.
watch a report on his attempted suicide via ktnv below.
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ˈditeɪlz ɔn kənˈstrəkʃən əv ðə ˈɔlbəni pɑrk dɪˈvərʒən ˈtənəl wɪl bi ʃɛrd wɪθ ˈrɛzɪdənts ˈmənˌdeɪ. vju fʊl ˈkæpʃən ˈɔlbəni pɑrk əˈnaʊnst ɪn 2013 ˈæftər ðə nɔrθ brænʧ əv ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ˈrɪvər tɑpt fləd ˈlɛvəl fər ðə θərd taɪm sɪns 2008 ðə ˈɔlbəni pɑrk dɪˈvərʒən ˈtənəl kænt kəm fæst ɪˈnəf fər ˈrɛzɪdənts əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈrɪvərz bæŋks. kənˈstrəkʃən ɪz ˈfaɪnəli sˈleɪtɪd tɪ bɪˈgɪn ðɪs spərɪŋ, ˈæftər ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsəl ˈɔθərˌaɪzd fɪˈnænsɪŋ fər ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt læst fɔl. ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti wɪl rɪˈsiv ən ˈəpˌdeɪt ˈmənˌdeɪ frəm ald*. ˈmɑrgərɪt lɔˈrinoʊ 39th*) ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz frəm ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ənd ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈimərʤənsi ˈmænɪʤmənt kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ə kənˈstrəkʃən ˈtaɪmlaɪn, ˈspikərz ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ʃɛr priˈvɛntətɪv ˈmɛʒərz biɪŋ pʊt ˈɪntu pleɪs tɪ ˈseɪfˌgɑrd ˈrɛzɪdənts əv ˈɔlbəni pɑrk ənd nɔrθ pɑrk ənˈtɪl ðə ˈtənəlz kəmˈpliʃən ɪn 2018 ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈmitɪŋ ɪz sɛt fər p.m*. ˈmənˌdeɪ æt ˈjuʤin fild pɑrk, 5100 ɛn. ˈrɪʤˌweɪ ˈɑˌveɪ. ðə ˈtənəl ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd ɛz ə ˈpæsɪv ˈsɪstəm ðət meɪks juz əv ˈgrævɪti tɪ dɪˈvərt frəm ðə ˈrɪvər ənd muv ɪt ˈdaʊnˈstrim tɪ ən ˈaʊˌtlɛt ʃæft ðət wɪl spɪt ðə ˈwɔtər ˈɪntu ðə nɔrθ ʃɔr ˈʧænəl. ˈeɪˈtin fit ɪn daɪˈæmətər ənd ə maɪl lɔŋ, ðə ˈtənəl wɪl rən ˈnɪrli ˈpɛrəˌlɛl tɪ ˈfɑstər ˈævəˌnu 150 fit ˈəndərˌgraʊnd. ðə moʊst ˈvɪzəbəl ˈɛləmənts wɪl bi ðə ˈtənəlz ˈɪnˌlɛt ənd ˈaʊˌtlɛt ʃæfts. ðə ˈɪnˌlɛt, wɛr ˈwɔtər wɪl ˈɛnər ðə ˈtənəl, wɪl bi bɪlt ɔn ˌənɪmˈpruvd pɑrk ˈdɪstrɪkt lænd ɔn ðə nɔrθ saɪd əv ˈfɑstər ˈævəˌnu æt əˈprɑksəmətli ˈsprɪŋˌfild ˈævəˌnu. ðə ˈaʊˌtlɛt ʃæft wɪl bi bɪlt ɪn ˈrɪvər pɑrk, ʤɪst ist əv ðə nɔrθ ʃɔr ˈʧænəl ənd saʊθ əv ˈfɑstər ˈævəˌnu. fər mɔr ˈneɪbərˌhʊd nuz, ˈlɪsən tɪ ˈreɪdiˌoʊ hir:
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details on construction of the albany park stormwater diversion tunnel will be shared with residents monday. view full caption dnainfo/patty wetli
albany park — announced in 2013 after the north branch of the chicago river topped flood level for the third time since 2008, the albany park stormwater diversion tunnel can't come fast enough for residents along the river's banks.
construction is finally slated to begin this spring, after city council authorized financing for the project last fall.
members of the community will receive an update monday from ald. margaret laurino (39th) as well as representatives from the chicago department of transportation and the office of emergency management & communication.
in addition to a construction timeline, speakers are expected to share preventative measures being put into place to safeguard residents of albany park and north park until the tunnel's completion in 2018.
the public meeting is set for 6:30 p.m. monday at eugene field park, 5100 n. ridgeway ave.
the tunnel is designed as a passive system that makes use of gravity to divert stormwater from the river and move it downstream to an outlet shaft that will spit the water into the north shore channel.
eighteen feet in diameter and a mile long, the tunnel will run nearly parallel to foster avenue 150 feet underground.
the most visible elements will be the tunnel's inlet and outlet shafts.
the inlet, where water will enter the tunnel, will be built on unimproved park district land on the north side of foster avenue at approximately springfield avenue. the outlet shaft will be built in river park, just east of the north shore channel and south of foster avenue.
for more neighborhood news, listen to dnainfo radio here:
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toucharcade* ˈreɪtɪŋ: steɪt əv ɪŋks ɪz ə ˈbjutəfəl geɪm, ə pis əv ˌɪnərˈæktɪv ɑrt ɛz ʃɔn kɔld ɪt ɪn hɪz ˌrivˈju ə fju mənθs bæk. ə geɪm wɛr ju hæv tɪ hɪt spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈtɑrgəts ɛz ˈækjərətli ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl soʊ ju kən peɪn ðɛm ɪn ðə kərˈɛkt ˈkələr. ɛz ðə geɪm ˈprɑˌgrɛsəz, ðə ˈpɪnˌbɔl ˈteɪbəlz bɪˈkəm mɔr ˈʧælənʤɪŋ. wət aɪ laɪk əˈbaʊt ðə geɪm ɪz haʊ nis ðə peɪnt lʊks ɛz ju pleɪ ənd haʊ ju kən juz ðə peɪnt treɪlz tɪ əˈʤəst jʊr ʃɑts. waɪl ðə ˈfɪzɪks liv ə bɪt tɪ bi dɪˈzaɪərd, ðə geɪm ˈdɛfənətli lʊks greɪt ənd ɪz ə greɪt wən tɪ ʃoʊ tɪ frɛndz ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv haʊ gʊd ˈaɪˌfoʊn geɪmz kən lʊk. ðə geɪm ɪz ɔn seɪl fər ə ˈdɔlər ˈkərəntli ɛz pɑrt əv ˈɪndi ˈhaɪˌlaɪt, bət ðə gʊd nuz ɪz ðət naʊ ju kən gɪt ɪt fər fri θru ðə ˈæpəl stɔr (fri) æp. ðə weɪ ðət wərks ɪz ju fərst hæv tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə ˈæpəl stɔr æp, ənd ɔn ðə dɪˈskəvər peɪʤ skroʊl ɔl ðə weɪ daʊn. təˈwɔrdz ðə ɛnd əv ðə peɪʤ, si ðə ɪŋks ˈaɪkɑn, ənd ju kən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə geɪm frəm ðɛr. ðɪs ɪz ə fən wən, soʊ mɪs aʊt ɔn ðə dil.
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toucharcade rating:
state of play’s inks ($2.99) is a beautiful game, a piece of interactive art as shaun called it in his review a few months back. it’s a pinball-paintball game where you have to hit specific targets as accurately as possible so you can pain them in the correct color. as the game progresses, the pinball tables become more challenging. what i like about the game is how nice the paint looks as you play and how you can use the paint trails to adjust your shots. while the physics leave a bit to be desired, the game definitely looks great and is a great one to show to non-gamer friends as an example of how good iphone games can look.
the game is on sale for a dollar currently as part of apple’s indie highlight, but the good news is that now you can get it for free through the apple store (free) app. the way that works is you first have to download the apple store app, and on the discover page scroll all the way down. towards the end of the page, you’ll see the inks icon, and you can download the game from there. this is a fun one, so don’t miss out on the deal.
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now-retired* ˈseɪfti roʊl pleɪd wɪθ tu əv ðə moʊst noʊˈtɔriəsli wɪθˈdrɔn kˈwɔrtərˌbæks ɪn ˈilaɪ ˈmænɪŋ ənd ʤeɪ ˈkətlər. bət wɪn æst əˈbaʊt ˈkətlərz ˈʃɔrtˌkəmɪŋz, roʊl ˈnoʊtɪd wən ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə tu. "hi wɑz ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt mɔr leɪd bæk. hi ˈwəzənt ə ˈlidər," roʊl sɛd ɔn gʊd ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. "ˈniðər wɑz ˈilaɪ ˈmænɪŋ, bət ˈilaɪ həz ə weɪ əˈbaʊt hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ lɛd ˈɛvəri gaɪ. aɪ ʤɪst fɛlt laɪk, ˈɑnəstli, ɪf ʤeɪ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd hɪmˈsɛlf mɔr wɪθ ðə tim, mɔr wɪθ hɪz rɪˈsivərz, aɪ θɪŋk hid gɪt mɔr ˈbɛtər rɪˈzəlts ɔn ðə pleɪɪŋ fild. "laɪk aɪ sɛd aɪ ʤɪst ˈɑnəstli fil laɪk hi wʊd gɪt məʧ ˈbɛtər rɪˈzəlts ɪf hi ˌɪnˈvɑlvd hɪmˈsɛlf mɔr ɪn ðə tim kəˈlɛktɪvli, wɪθ ɔl ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz. ɪt ˈdəzənt hæv tɪ bi əˈfɛns, dɪˈfɛns, ˈspɛʃəl timz, bət ʤɪst ˈɛvriˌwən ɛz ə kəˈlɛktɪv ˈjunɪt, aɪ θɪŋk hi wʊd gɪt mɔr aʊt əv hɪz geɪm fər hɪmˈsɛlf." ˈnidləs tɪ seɪ, roʊl ˈɪzənt stənd ðət ˈkətlər ɪz stɪl ɔn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt raɪt naʊ. "əm nɑt səˈpraɪzd," hi sɛd. "aɪ θɪŋk æt ðɪs pɔɪnt ənd taɪm ɪn hɪz kərɪr, aɪ θɪŋk hiz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈsəmθɪŋ ðæts ˈsutəbəl fər hɪz skɪl sɛt. aɪ θɪŋk hi nidz ˈməltəpəl ˈwɛpənz ənd mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, hi ʤɪst nidz ə nu stɑrt." roʊl pleɪd fər ðə bɛrz ɪn 2015 ˈæftər faɪv ˈsizənz wɪθ ðə ʤaɪənts. waɪl ˈbrɪŋɪŋ əp ˈkətlərz ˈpɛnʧənt fər ɪz nɑt nu ər səˈpraɪzɪŋ, ɪt məst bi ðə prɪˈveɪlɪŋ ˈθɪri ɛz tɪ waɪ ðə kˈwɔrtərˌbæk həz nɑt ʤɔɪnd ən ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl tim æt ðɪs pɔɪnt. ðɛr ər ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl timz aɪɪŋ əp fɑr wərs kˈwɔrtərˌbæks fər ðɛr ˈoʊpənɪŋ deɪ ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈlaɪˌnəps. hɪz læk əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ər ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ˈfʊli kəˈmɪt hæv bɑkst ˈkətlər aʊt fər ðə fɔrˈsiəbəl fˈjuʧər. bɪˈkəz ˈɪnʤəriz ˈhæpən, ɪt wʊd nɑt bi səˈpraɪzɪŋ tɪ si ˈkətlər ɪn ðə lig əˈgɛn bət ˈoʊnli ˈəndər ˈimərʤənsi ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz.
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now-retired safety antrel rolle played with two of the nfl's most notoriously withdrawn quarterbacks in eli manning and jay cutler. but when asked about cutler's shortcomings, rolle noted one difference between the two.
"he was a little bit more laid back. he wasn't a front-row leader," rolle said on good morning football on thursday. "neither was eli manning, but eli has a way about himself to lead every guy. i just felt like, honestly, if jay involved himself more with the team, more with his receivers, i think he'd get more better results on the playing field.
"like i said i just honestly feel like he would get much better results if he involved himself more in the team collectively, with all individuals. it doesn't have to be offense, defense, special teams, but just everyone as a collective unit, i think he would get more out of his game for himself."
needless to say, rolle isn't stunned that cutler is still on the market right now.
"i'm not surprised," he said. "i think at this point and time in his career, i think he's looking for something that's suitable for his skill set. i think he needs multiple weapons and more importantly, he just needs a new start."
rolle played for the bears in 2015 after five seasons with the giants.
while bringing up cutler's penchant for reclusiveness is not new or surprising, it must be the prevailing theory as to why the quarterback has not joined an nfl team at this point. there are a handful of nfl teams eyeing up far worse quarterbacks for their opening day starting lineups. his lack of interest or inability to fully commit have boxed cutler out for the foreseeable future. because injuries happen, it would not be surprising to see cutler in the league again -- but only under emergency circumstances.
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ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈfaɪˌnæns kəˈmɪti həz riˈlist ə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv lɪst əv prəˈpoʊzd əˈmɛndmənts tɪ ˈʧɛrmən mæks baucus’*’ hɛlθ kɛr rɪˈfɔrm dræft. ju kən rɛd ɪt hir. ə tən əv ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ stəf ɪn ðɛr, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɛʒərz ðət wʊd ɪkˈspænd ˈsəbsɪdiz ənd kriˈeɪt ə roʊˈbəst ˈpəblɪk ˈɔpʃən. bət ˈɔlsoʊ ðɪs wən, frəm sɛn. oʊˈlɪmpiə snoʊ (r-me*): ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt ɪˈstæblɪʃɪz ə ˌnɑnˈprɔfɪt ˈgəvərnmənt ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən θru wɪʧ ə netâ*â plæn wʊd bi prəˈvaɪdɪd ɪn ˈɛni steɪt ɪn wɪʧ əˈfɔrdəbəl ˈkəvərɪʤ wɑz nɑt əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ tɪ æt list 95 əv steɪt ˈrɛzɪdənts. ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl wʊd bi dimd tɪ hæv əˈfɔrdəbəl ˈækˌsɛs ɪf ˈiðər əv tu kənˈdɪʃənz ɪz mɛt. fərst, tu ər mɔr plænz ər ˈɔfərd wɪθ ˈprimiəmz ðə kɔst əv wɪʧ dɪz nɑt ɪkˈsid ə ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ðə əˈʤəstɪd groʊs ˈɪnˌkəm (agi*), ˈæftər dɪˈdəktɪŋ ˈɛni əˈveɪləbəl tæks ˈkrɛdɪt ər ɪmˈplɔɪər ˈsəbsɪdi frəm ðə kɔst əv səʧ ˈprimiəm. ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən ʃæl reɪnʤ frəm 3 pərˈsɛnt əv æt 133 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈpɑvərti ˈlɛvəl, tɪ 13 pərˈsɛnt æt 300 pərˈsɛnt ənd əˈbəv. ðɪs ɪz ðə seɪm ˈtrɪgərd ˈpəblɪk ˈɔpʃən prəˈpoʊzəl bɪn ˈfloʊtɪŋ ɔl əˈlɔŋ, ənd nɑt wən ðət wɪl əˈpiz moʊst prɑˈgrɛsɪvz. ˈhirɪŋz ɔn ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən bɪˈgɪn təˈmɑˌroʊ, ənd ðə voʊt ɔn ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt wɪl bi wən əv ðə moʊst ˈwaɪdli ˈnoʊtɪd. ɪf ɪt ˈpæsɪz, ðɛn wɪn ˈsɛnɪt məˈʤɔrəti ˈlidər ˈhɛri rid ˈmərʤɪz ðə ˈfaɪˌnæns kəˈmɪti bɪl wɪθ ðə hɛlp kəˈmɪti bɪl, hæv tɪ ʧuz bɪtˈwin ðə tu. ənd wɪn ðə faɪt ˈoʊvər ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈɔpʃən wɪl ˈrɪli hit əp.
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the senate finance committee has released a comprehensive list of proposed amendments to chairman max baucus’ health care reform draft. you can read it here. there’s a ton of interesting stuff in there, including measures that would expand subsidies and create a robust public option. but there’s also this one, from sen. olympia snowe (r-me):
this amendment establishes a non-profit government corporation through which a âsafety netâ plan would be provided in any state in which affordable coverage was not available in the exchange to at least 95% of state residents. an individual would be deemed to have affordable access if either of two conditions is met. first, two or more plans are offered with premiums – the cost of which does not exceed a specified percentage of the individual’s adjusted gross income (agi), after deducting any available tax credit or employer subsidy from the cost of such premium. the percentage contribution shall range from 3 percent of agi at 133 percent of the federal poverty level, to 13 percent at 300 percent and above.
this is the same triggered public option proposal she’s been floating all along, and it’s not one that will appease most progressives. hearings on the legislation begin tomorrow, and the vote on this amendment will be one of the most widely noted. if it passes, then when senate majority leader harry reid merges the finance committee bill with the help committee bill, he’ll have to choose between the two. and that’s when the fight over the public option will really heat up.
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baɪ baɪ ˈrɑbərt ˈwɛlər dɛk 2 2013 ɪn tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz ɪt ə bərd, ə pleɪn ər ən ˈæməˌzɑn droʊn dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ə ˈpækɪʤ ˈfæstər ðən ə ˈspidɪŋ ˈpitsə? wɪl ðɪs bi seɪf fər ðoʊz ɔn ðə graʊnd? rɪˈmɛmbər roʊz. hi ɪz ðə gaɪ hu ˌɪmˈplaɪd wi wər ˈləki æl gɔr ˈprɛzɪdənt wɪn 911 əˈkərd. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ɪz ˈbədiz wɪθ ˈlɑrə ˈloʊgən. fərˈgɛt ðə fækt ðət noʊ ˈditeɪlz wər əˈveɪləbəl ɔn haʊ ðɪs wʊd bi əˈkɑmplɪʃt. ˈæftər ɔl, ðɛr ɔˈrɛdi həz bɪn tɔk əv ˈjuzɪŋ droʊnz tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈspidɪŋ ˈdraɪvərz soʊ ðeɪ kʊd bi sɛnt ˈtɪkɪts. bət ɪt ɪz ˈwæki. ər ɪz ɪt. ðə ˌbibiˈsi sɪz ˈʤɔrʤə ˈɪnˌmeɪts plænd tɪ juz droʊnz tɪ gɪt ˈkɑntrəˌbænd ˌɪnˈsaɪd. əv kɔrs ðiz droʊnz wʊd bi məʧ sˈmɔlər ðən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri wənz, soʊ wɪn wən əv ðɛm ˌɪˈnɛvətəbli kræʃt ˈɪntu ə hoʊm ər ˈɔfəs ˈbɪldɪŋ, ðə ˈdæmɪʤ wʊd bi lɛs. soʊ ˌbiˈfɔr ju kaʊnt ɔn jʊr dɪˈlɪvəri biɪŋ drɑpt baɪ ˈpɛrəˌʃut, ər loʊərd baɪ frəm ə ˈhəvərɪŋ droʊn, bi ʃʊr tɪ pʊt jʊr ˈhɛlmət ɔn. ˈminˌwaɪl, ə ðɪs, ɛz ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ seɪlz əp 31 pərˈsɛnt. rɪˈpɔrtər ˈædəm ˈlɪtələr, 23 gɑt ən ˈeɪʤənsi ʤɑb æt ˈæməˌzɑnz ˈwɛˌrhaʊs. hi tʊk ə ˈhɪdən ˈkæmərə ˌɪnˈsaɪd fər ˌbibiˈsi ˌpænərˈæmə tɪ ˈrɛkərd wət ˈhæpənd ɔn hɪz shifts,”*,” ðə ˌbibiˈsi ˌriˈpɔrtəd. hi wɑz tərnd ˈɪntu ə ˈvərʧuəl æp ər drɔɪd. "wi ər məˈʃinz, wi ər ˈroʊˌbəts, wi pləg ɑr ˈskænər ɪn, wɪr ˈhoʊldɪŋ ɪt, bət wi maɪt ɛz wɛl bi ˈpləgɪŋ ɪt ˈɪntu ɑrˈsɛlvz," hi sɛd. ˈmaɪkəl marmot*, ə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈɛkspərt ɔn strɛs æt wərk, sɛd ðə ˈwərkɪŋ kənˈdɪʃənz æt ðə ˈwɛˌrhaʊs ər "ɔl ðə bæd stəf æt wəns". hi sɛd, "ðə ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks əv ðɪs taɪp əv ʤɑb, ðə ˈɛvədəns ʃoʊz ˌɪnˈkrist rɪsk əv ˈmɛntəl ˈɪlnəs ənd ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈɪlnəs." ˈæməˌzɑn dɪˈfɛndɪd ðə wərk ˈpræktɪsɪz, seɪɪŋ ðeɪ ər ˈsɪmələr tɪ wət ˈəðər ˈkəmpəˌniz du. ˈəðər bæd nuz. ðə juz. səˈprim kɔrt lɛt stænd ə nu jɔrk dɪˈsɪʒən rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈæməˌzɑn tɪ kəˈlɛkt ˈtæksɪz ɔn seɪlz. ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈwiˌkɪnd wɪn ðə ˌbibiˈsi ˈbrɔdˌkæst ə rɪˈpɔrt kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˈæməˌzɑn ˈwərkɪŋ kənˈdɪʃənz tɪ ə ˌhaɪˈtɛk bangalesh*, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni gɑt mɔr ˈkəvərɪʤ wɪθ ə rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ɪt. ʤɪst laɪk ˈsəmθɪŋ aʊt əv ə ˈkɑmɪk bʊk, ʤɛf lʊrd ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər ˈʧɑrli roʊz tɪ ɛr ə rɪˈpɔrt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈjuzɪŋ droʊnz tɪ meɪk roʊz. hi ɪz ðə gaɪ hu ˌɪmˈplaɪd wi wər ˈləki æl gɔr ˈprɛzɪdənt wɪn 911 ˈɔlsoʊ ɪz ˈbədiz wɪθ ˈlɑrə ðə fækt ðət noʊ ˈditeɪlz wər əˈveɪləbəl ɔn haʊ ðɪs wʊd bi əˈkɑmplɪʃt. ˈæftər ɔl, ðɛr ɔˈrɛdi həz bɪn tɔk əv ˈjuzɪŋ droʊnz tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈspidɪŋ ˈdraɪvərz soʊ ðeɪ kʊd bi sɛnt ɪt ɪz ˈwæki. ər ɪz ɪt. ðə ˌbibiˈsi sɪz ˈʤɔrʤə ˈɪnˌmeɪts plænd tɪ juz droʊnz tɪ gɪt ˈkɑntrəˌbænd ˌɪnˈsaɪd. "ðɛr ər ə lɔt əv ˈfænəsiz ənd səm ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈbəbəl əraʊnd ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv səˈvɪljən droʊnz sɛd ˈpætrɪk ky*, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən ˈseɪfti ˈeɪʤənsi easa*), ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ˈʤərnəlɪsts əv ðə ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 21 ˌbiˈfɔr droʊnz ˈkɛri ˈpitsəz ər ˈkɑrˌgoʊ, ə ˈnəmbər əv θɪŋz wɪl ˈhæpən "səˈvɪljən droʊnz ər nɑt jɛt æt ðə ˈlɛvəl əv riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti rikˈwaɪərd fər ˈsɪvəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz sɛd ky*. ˈænəˌlaɪzd ˈsɪksti ˈæksədənts əv droʊnz huz ˈdætə wər trænzˈmɪtəd baɪ ˈneɪtoʊ ənd ðə juz. ɛr fɔrs: 85 əˈkərd du tɪ lɔs əv kənˈtroʊl (əv) ðə droʊn. kən nɑt əˈfɔrd ɪt ˈoʊvər ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd kɔrs ðiz droʊnz wʊd bi məʧ sˈmɔlər ðən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri wənz, soʊ wɪn wən əv ðɛm ˌɪˈnɛvətəbli kræʃt ˈɪntu ə hoʊm ər ˈɔfəs ˈbɪldɪŋ, ðə ˈdæmɪʤ wʊd bi ˌbiˈfɔr ju kaʊnt ɔn jʊr dɪˈlɪvəri biɪŋ drɑpt baɪ ˈpɛrəˌʃut, ər loʊərd baɪ frəm ə ˈhəvərɪŋ droʊn, bi ʃʊr tɪ pʊt jʊr ˈhɛlmət on.meanwhile*, ə ˌbibiˈsi rɪˈpɔrtər ˈɪnfɪlˌtreɪtɪd ən ˈæməˌzɑn ˈwɛˌrhaʊs ənd faʊnd ənˈseɪf ˈwərkɪŋ conditions.this*, ɛz ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ seɪlz əp 31 rɪˈpɔrtər ˈædəm ˈlɪtələr, 23 gɑt ən ˈeɪʤənsi ʤɑb æt ˈæməˌzɑnz ˈwɛˌrhaʊs. hi tʊk ə ˈhɪdən ˈkæmərə ˌɪnˈsaɪd fər ˌbibiˈsi ˌpænərˈæmə tɪ ˈrɛkərd wət ˈhæpənd ɔn hɪz shifts,”*,” ðə ˌbibiˈsi wɑz tərnd ˈɪntu ə ˈvərʧuəl æp ər ər məˈʃinz, wi ər ˈroʊˌbəts, wi pləg ɑr ˈskænər ɪn, wɪr ˈhoʊldɪŋ ɪt, bət wi maɪt ɛz wɛl bi ˈpləgɪŋ ɪt ˈɪntu ɑrˈsɛlvz," hi marmot*, ə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈɛkspərt ɔn strɛs æt wərk, sɛd ðə ˈwərkɪŋ kənˈdɪʃənz æt ðə ˈwɛˌrhaʊs ər "ɔl ðə bæd stəf æt sɛd, "ðə ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks əv ðɪs taɪp əv ʤɑb, ðə ˈɛvədəns ʃoʊz ˌɪnˈkrist rɪsk əv ˈmɛntəl ˈɪlnəs ənd ˈfɪzɪkəl dɪˈfɛndɪd ðə wərk ˈpræktɪsɪz, seɪɪŋ ðeɪ ər ˈsɪmələr tɪ wət ˈəðər ˈkəmpəˌniz bæd nuz. ðə juz. səˈprim kɔrt lɛt stænd ə nu jɔrk dɪˈsɪʒən rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈæməˌzɑn tɪ kəˈlɛkt ˈtæksɪz ɔn seɪlz. ðɪs əˈpɪnjən ˈɑrtɪkəl wɑz ˈrɪtən baɪ ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈraɪtər. ðə əˈpɪnjənz ənd vjuz ɪkˈsprɛst hɪˈrɪn ər ðoʊz əv ðə ˈɔθər ənd ər nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ rɪˈflɛkt ðoʊz əv mɔr əˈbaʊt ˈæməˌzɑn,, ˌbibiˈsi, 60 ˈmɪnəts ˈæməˌzɑn ˌbibiˈsi 60 ˈmɪnəts
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by by robert weller dec 2, 2013 in technology swansea - is it a bird, a plane or an amazon drone delivering a package faster than a speeding pizza? will this be safe for those on the ground? remember rose. he is the guy who implied we were lucky al gore president when 911 occurred. he also is buddies with benghazi’s lara logan. forget the fact that no details were available on how this would be accomplished. after all, there already has been talk of using drones to identify speeding drivers so they could be sent tickets. but it is wacky. or is it. the bbc says georgia inmates planned to use drones to get contraband inside. of course these drones would be much smaller than military ones, so when one of them inevitably crashed into a home or office building, the damage would be less. so before you count on your delivery being dropped by parachute, or lowered by landline from a hovering drone, be sure to put your helmet on. meanwhile, a this, as the company reported holiday sales up 31 percent. “undercover reporter adam littler, 23, got an agency job at amazon's swansea warehouse. he took a hidden camera inside for bbc panorama to record what happened on his shifts,” the bbc reported. he was turned into a virtual app or droid. "we are machines, we are robots, we plug our scanner in, we're holding it, but we might as well be plugging it into ourselves," he said. michael marmot, a european expert on stress at work, said the working conditions at the warehouse are "all the bad stuff at once". he said, "the characteristics of this type of job, the evidence shows increased risk of mental illness and physical illness." amazon defended the work practices, saying they are similar to what other companies do. other bad news. the u.s. supreme court let stand a new york decision requiring amazon to collect taxes on sales. during a weekend when the bbc broadcast a report comparing amazon working conditions to a high-tech bangalesh, the company got more coverage with a report on it. just like something out of a comic book, jeff bezos lured commentator charlie rose to air a report about the company using drones to make deliveries.remember rose. he is the guy who implied we were lucky al gore president when 911 occurred.he also is buddies with benghazi’s lara logan.forget the fact that no details were available on how this would be accomplished. after all, there already has been talk of using drones to identify speeding drivers so they could be sent tickets.but it is wacky. or is it. the bbc says georgia inmates planned to use drones to get contraband inside. "there are a lot of fantasies and some economic bubble around the development of civilian drones , said patrick ky, executive director of the european aviation safety agency ( easa), during a meeting with journalists of the ajpae on november 21. before drones carry pizzas or cargo, a number of things will happen ... "civilian drones are not yet at the level of reliability required for civil applications , said ky. “we analyzed sixty accidents of drones whose data were transmitted by nato and the u.s. air force: 85% occurred due to loss of control (of) the drone. can not afford it over populated areas.”of course these drones would be much smaller than military ones, so when one of them inevitably crashed into a home or office building, the damage would be less.so before you count on your delivery being dropped by parachute, or lowered by landline from a hovering drone, be sure to put your helmet on.meanwhile, a bbc reporter infiltrated an amazon warehouse and found unsafe working conditions.this, as the company reported holiday sales up 31 percent.“undercover reporter adam littler, 23, got an agency job at amazon's swansea warehouse. he took a hidden camera inside for bbc panorama to record what happened on his shifts,” the bbc reported.he was turned into a virtual app or droid."we are machines, we are robots, we plug our scanner in, we're holding it, but we might as well be plugging it into ourselves," he said.michael marmot, a european expert on stress at work, said the working conditions at the warehouse are "all the bad stuff at once".he said, "the characteristics of this type of job, the evidence shows increased risk of mental illness and physical illness."amazon defended the work practices, saying they are similar to what other companies do.other bad news. the u.s. supreme court let stand a new york decision requiring amazon to collect taxes on sales. this opinion article was written by an independent writer. the opinions and views expressed herein are those of the author and are not necessarily intended to reflect those of digitaljournal.com more about amazon, dronze, bbc, 60 minutes amazon dronze bbc 60 minutes
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rɪˈpəblɪkəˌnɪzəm lɛft ““mr*. conservative”*” ˈbɛri ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər bɪˈhaɪnd ʤɪst laɪk ɪt naʊ muvz əˈweɪ frəm kənˈsərvətɪvz laɪk ʤɛf fleɪk (ʤeɪmz k.w*. ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst) mɪˈʃɛl ˈnɪkərsən ɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt prəˈfɛsər əv ˈhɪstəri æt ˌlɔɪˈoʊlə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈhɪstəri ənd ˈɔθər əv ˈməðərz əv kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm: ˈwɪmən ənd ðə ˈpoʊstˈwɔr raɪt ɪn ə ˈsɛmənəl spiʧ ˈtuzˌdeɪ, sɛn. ʤɛf fleɪk (r-ariz*.) əˈnaʊnst ðət hi wʊd nɑt sik riɪˈlɛkʃən bɪˈkəz hi dɪd nɑt wɔnt tɪ əˈkɑməˌdeɪt hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ ðə normal”*” əv ˈdɑnəld rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti ənd dɪd nɑt wɔnt tɪ əˈʤəst tɪ ðə əv ɑr ˈnæʃənəl dialogue.”*.” ðə spiʧ stʊd aʊt fər ɪts ˈɛmfəsɪs ɔn ðə ˈfeɪljər əv ˈmɔrəl ˈlidərˌʃɪp ɪn ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti, wɪθ ðə wərd ““principle”*” əˈpɪrɪŋ 13 taɪmz ənd ““values”*” 11 fleɪk ˈriʤɛkts ðə ˈmɛsɪʤɪŋ ənd ˈpɑləsi ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt əv ðə waɪt haʊs bɪˈkəz hi ɪz ɛmˈfætɪkəli ə ˈʧæmpiən əv ðə normal.”*.” ðə waɪt tˈwɪtər rɪˈspɑns ˈɔfərd ə ˈdɪfərənt teɪk ɔn ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən, bət ɪts əˈfərmd hɪz ˈsteɪtmənts əˈbaʊt haʊ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt həz dɪˈgreɪdɪd ˈpɑləˌtɪks ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən: ˈrizən fleɪk ənd ˈkɔrkər drɑpt aʊt əv ðə ˈsɛnɪt reɪs ɪz ˈvɛri ˈsɪmpəl, ðeɪ hæd ˈziroʊ ʧæns əv biɪŋ ɪˈlɛktɪd. naʊ ækt soʊ hərt wounded!”*!” sɛn. bɑb ˈkɔrkər (r-tenn*.) ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd trəmp ɪn əˈnaʊnsɪŋ hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən nɑt tɪ sik riɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn 2018 ɛz ðə nuz ˈɪndəstri ˈstrəgəlz tɪ kip əp wɪθ ðə ˈvɑliz lɑbd bɪtˈwin trəmp ənd hɪz ˈkrɪtɪks, ɪt simz ðət ðə fleɪk spiʧ həz strək ə kɔrd. hi ənd ˈmɛni rɪˈpəblɪkənz hæv ə neɪm fər ðət normal”*” ðət ðeɪ ər kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˌriɪnˈvɪgərˌeɪtɪŋ: kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm. wəns æt ðə ˈfɔrˌfrənt əv ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ɪn ðə ˈpɑrti, wɛr du ðiz kənˈsərvətɪvz stænd naʊ? baɪ ɪgˈzɔrtɪŋ ðɛm tɪ stænd ɔn ðə trəˈdɪʃənz ənd ˈvæljuz əv ðə ˈfaʊndərz, fleɪk ɪz ˈʧænəlɪŋ hɪz ˈhɪroʊ ˈbɛri ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər, hu wəns hɛld ˈsɛnɪt sit. fleɪk ˈmɑdəlz hɪz kərɪr ɔn ðə ˈmɔrəl fəˈlɑsəfi ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd ənd ˈpræktɪst baɪ ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər. bət ðət fəˈlɑsəfi ɪz ənsˈwərvɪŋ, praɪˈɔrəˌtaɪzɪŋ kənˈsərvətɪv ˈvæljuz əˈbəv ɔl ɛls. ənd ðət ɪz naʊ waɪ ðə ˈpɑrti ɪz ˈdrɪftɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm ɪm, ɛz ɪt dɪd frəm ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər ɪn ðə tˈwaɪˌlaɪt əv hɪz kərɪr. ɛz pərˈpɔrtɪˌdli kənˈsərvətɪv ˈkɑligz ɪmˈbreɪs, ðeɪ ər ˈæˌkʧuəli ədˈvænsɪŋ wət həz bɪˈkəm ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən meɪn əˈʤɛndə: ˈwɪnɪŋ ɪˈlɛkʃənz. mɔr ðən ˈɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr, sɛn. fleɪk ɪz ˈʧælənʤɪŋ hɪz ˈpɑrti tɪ ˌriɪˈvæluˌeɪt ɪts kɔr ˈvæljuz baɪ rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ɪts ruts. ɪn fækt, ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər fərst ˈgælvəˌnaɪzd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən raɪt prɪˈsaɪsli ðɪs weɪ. hi kənˈvɪnst ðɛm ðət ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti ʃʊd bɪˈlɔŋ tɪ ðɛm, ə ˈwɛstərn ənd mɪdˈwɛstərn ˈmuvmənt əv ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈpipəl, nɑt ðə ˈmɑdərˌeɪt ɪˈlits ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti hu hi ˈɑrgjud wər ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃəntli ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl. wɪn ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər ræn fər ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪn 1964 hi dɪˈlɪvərd ðə moʊst vɪkˈtɔriəs lɔs ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri. ˈivɪn waɪl ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈklɑbərd, hi prəˈpɛld ðə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈmuvmənt tɪ ə əv greɪt səkˈsɛs. fər ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər, ðiz ˈvæljuz wər nɑt ˈmɪrli kæmˈpeɪn ˈfɑdər, bət ˈgəvərnɪŋ ˈvæljuz. ˈoʊvər ˈmɛni jɪrz, hi dɪˈvɛləpt ə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈpɑləsi trəˈdɪʃən, ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɛz ə ˈfinɪks ˈsɪti ˈbustər wɪn hi ræn dɪˈpɑrtmənt stɔr ənd wən ə sit ɔn ðə ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsəl ɪn 1949 ðɛn ɛz ə juz. ˈsɛnətər. ðɪs mɛnt ˈjuzɪŋ ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ˈnərʧər ə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ðət kɛpt ˈtæksɪz loʊ, ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ɔn ˈɪndəstri ˈmɪnəməl ənd ˈjunjənz wik. ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər kəmˈbaɪnd hɪz wɪθ ˌpeɪtriˈɑtɪk, ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp aɪˈdilz. hi bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈfɑðər əv ðə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈmuvmənt wɪn, ɪn 1960 hi ˈpækɪʤd ðiz aɪˈdiəz təˈgɛðər wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv brɛnt boʊˈzɛl ˈɪntu ə ˈpɑpjələr, ˈpeɪpərˌbæk. ə ˈmuvmənt faʊnd ˌɪtˈsɛlf wɪn ˈkɑnʃəns əv ə conservative”*” bɪˈkeɪm ɪts ˈbaɪbəl. ɪt ðət ˈpipəl rɛd ənd əˈdɑptəd ɪts aɪˈdiəz soʊ məʧ ɛz ðeɪ rɛd ənd dɪˈskəvərd ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər ənd boʊˈzɛl ɪkˈsprɛst ðə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən ðət ˈmɪljənz əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈwɔntɪd tɪ si ɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks. ðə bʊk ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn haʊ ˈdeɪnʤərəs ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt hæd bɪˈkəm bɪˈkəz ɪt hæd əˈmæst ɪˈnɔrmɪs paʊər, wɪʧ ɪt juzd tɪ ɪkˈsɛsɪvli ˌɪnərˈfɪr ɪn ðə ˈdeɪli lɪvz ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ækˈtɪvɪti əv əˈmɛrɪkənz. ˈfɑrmər ɪz toʊld haʊ məʧ wit hi kən groʊ. ðə weɪʤ ˈərnər ɪz æt ðə ˈmərsi əv ˈnæʃənəl ˈjunjən ˈlidərz huz greɪt paʊər ɪz ə dɪˈrɛkt ˈkɑnsəkwəns əv ˈfɛdərəl ˈleɪbər ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən. ðə ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn ɪz ˈhæmpərd baɪ ə meɪz əv ˈgəvərnmənt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz, ənd ˈɔfən baɪ dɪˈrɛkt ˈgəvərnmənt competition.”*.” ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər ənd boʊˈzɛl ˈsəmˌhaʊ əˈdrɛst ə sˈwɛlɪŋ ˈpɑpjələst reɪʤ ðət hæd bɪn ˈbɪldɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə nu dil ˈwɛlˌfɛr steɪt, waɪl prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ə ˈmænjuəl fər ˈdɪgnəˌfaɪd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈdɪskɔrs. ənˈlaɪk məˈtɪriəlɪst ˈlɪˌbərəlz, ðeɪ roʊt, kənˈsərvətɪvz teɪk əˈkaʊnt əv ðə man.”*.” kənˈsərvətɪv ˈriəˌlaɪzɪz ðət dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ɪn boʊθ ɪts ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ənd məˈtɪriəl ˈæˌspɛkts, ɪz nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət kən bi dɪˈrɛktɪd baɪ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd forces.”*.” fɔr ˈmɪljən ˈkɑpiz ˈleɪtər, ðə bʊk rɪˈmeɪnz ɪn prɪnt təˈdeɪ. ənd ɪt sərvd ɛz ðə ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən fər nu ˌmænɪˈfɛˌstoʊ, wɪʧ ʃɛrz ɪts ˈtaɪtəl bət ɪz əˈkəmpənid baɪ ðə ˈpɔɪntɪd ˈsəbˌtaɪtəl: rɪˈʤɛkʃən əv dɪˈstrəktɪv ˈpɑləˌtɪks ənd ə rɪˈtərn tɪ principle.”*.” ðɪs ˈsɛnʧəri riˈbut ɪz lɛs əˈbaʊt ˈpɑləsi ənd fəˈlɑsəfi ðən əˈbaʊt ˈkɛrɪktər ənd haʊ ˈpɑpjəˌlɪzəm ɪz dɪˈbeɪsɪŋ ðə ənd θˈrɛtənɪŋ tɪ ˈəndərˌmaɪn ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈpɪlərz əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfridəm. laɪk ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər, fleɪk ˈɔlsoʊ həz ə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈpɑləsi ˈrɛkərd. hi həz pʊʃt fər tæks kəts ənd diˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən. ənd ˌɪnˈdid, hɪz ˈaʊtˈspoʊkən dɪˈfaɪəns əˈgɛnst trəmp həz bɪn əˈbaʊt ˈmɔrəlz ənd ˈpɑləsi ˈɛriəz wɛr trəmp ˈdɛzərts kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm. hɪz ˈrɛtərɪk simz ˌɪnfˈjuzd baɪ ˈɪnfluəns. ɪt ˈɛkoʊz ðə ˈaʊtˌkraɪ əˈgɛnst decay”*” ˈɔfərd baɪ ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn tɪ ən ɪˈlɛktərət bɪˈkəmɪŋ əˈlɑrmd ˈoʊvər dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi, ˈərbən raɪəts ənd ənˈrɛst ɔn ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈkæmpəsɪz. ðɪs ˈmɔrəl ˈæˌspɛkt əv kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ˈmætərd fər ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər. ɪn fækt hi əˈʧivd ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˈstætəs ɪn pɑrt bɪˈkəz ““mr*. conservative”*” wɑz ˈtruli ““mr*. principle,”*,” kəmˈpɛld tɪ breɪk ræŋks wɪθ hɪz ˈpɑrti wɪn hɪz ˈprɪnsəpəlz dɪˈmændɪd ɪt. ɪn ðə hi ˈoʊpənli səˈpɔrtɪd geɪ raɪts, wɪʧ ˌkɑntrəˈdɪktəd ðə əˈʤɛndə əv əˈsɛndənt rɪˈlɪʤəs kənˈsərvətɪvz. ðoʊ hɪmˈsɛlf ˈkrɪsʧɪn, hi dɪˈplɔrd haʊ rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti keɪm tɪ ˈdɑməˌneɪt ðə əˈʤɛndə ˈæftər 1980 ənd jɛt, fər ɔl əv hɪz ˈprɪnsəpəld ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən, hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˌəndərˈstʊd haʊ tɪ ˈgəvərn. ˈspikɪŋ əˈbaʊt ““preachers”*” ɪn ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti, hɪz frɛnd ʤɑn din kwoʊts ɪm ɛz seɪɪŋ, ““frankly*, ðiz ˈpipəl ˈfraɪtən mi. ˈpɑləˌtɪks ənd ˈgəvərnɪŋ dɪˈmænd ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz. bət ðiz ˈkrɪsʧɪnz bɪˈliv ðeɪ ər ˈæktɪŋ ɪn ðə neɪm əv gɑd, soʊ ðeɪ ənd ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz. aɪ noʊ, traɪd tɪ dil wɪθ them.”*.” fleɪk, laɪk ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər, ləˈmɛnts ðə ɛnd əv ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz ənd haʊ ɪt həz ˈpɛrəˌlaɪzd ˈkɑŋgrəs. fleɪk æsks, pɔɪnt blæŋk, ɪn hɪz əv ə conservative,”*,” wʊd ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər do?”*?” bət ɪn ˈlivɪŋ ˈɔfəs, fleɪk ɪz duɪŋ ðə ˈɑpəzɪt əv wət ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər dɪd. hi ɪz nɑt ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ə kərɪr bət ˈɛndɪŋ wən, ˈəltəmətli ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə kˈwɛʃən: ɪz ðɪs ðə ɛnd fər ɪm ənd əˈmɛrɪkən kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm? fleɪk bɪˈlivz nɑt. ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ hi əˈsərtəd ðət brænd əv ˈpɑpjəˌlɪzəm ənd ˈskeɪpˌgoʊtɪŋ ər ə [ðət] wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli break.”*.” wən həz tɪ ˈwəndər, ðoʊ, ɛz ˈpɑpjəlɪsts leɪ weɪst tɪ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌɪnˈkəmbənts. rɪˈmɛmbər ˈɛrɪk ˈkæntər? səˈpɔrtərz sim tɪ bi ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈpɑrti, ʤɪst ɛz ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪn raɪt sˈwɑtɪd əˈsaɪd əˈbʤɛkʃənz ɔn ðə weɪ tɪ ˈtərnɪŋ ˈɪʃuz laɪk əˈbɔrʃən ənd ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ geɪ raɪts ˈɪntu rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlɪtməs tɛsts. ðə ˌmɑrʤənələˈzeɪʃən əv fərst ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm, ənd naʊ, θri ˈdɛkeɪdz ˈleɪtər, ɪts dɪˈsɛndənt, fleɪk kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm, rɪˈvilz ðət ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən aɪˈdilz ər fɑr mɔr ˈmæliəbəl ðən ðə kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm ɪˈspaʊzd baɪ ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər ənd fleɪk. ˈmɛni rɪˈpəblɪkənz wɔnt tɪ wɪn ənd wɪl ˈsækrəˌfaɪs kənˈsərvətɪv ˈvæljuz fər ɪˈlɛktərəl paʊər. bət ɪf teɪks ˈoʊvər ðə ˈpɑrti, ɪt wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ hæv tɪ pruv ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈgəvərnɪŋ. soʊ fɑr, ðə səkˈsɛsɪz hæv ˈædɪd əp ˈmeɪnli tɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdərz tɪ ənˈdu ɛz məʧ əv ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈlɛgəsi ɛz hi kən ˈmænɪʤ. ðə ˈpɑləsiˌmeɪkɪŋ, wɪʧ rikˈwaɪərz ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈkɑŋgrəs tɪ wərk təˈgɛðər fər tæks ənd rɪˈfɔrm, həz nɑt jɛt bɪn ˈriəˌlaɪzd. ðə greɪt ˈaɪrəni ɪz ðət ʤɛf fleɪk, ɛz ˈmaʊθi ɛz hi ɪz, həz ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪn ə gʊd pleɪər fər tim trəmp. waɪl ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt fər bæd bɪˈheɪvjər, hi ˈvoʊtɪd wɪθ ɪm ˈprɪti kənˈsɪstəntli. wɪl ðə səkˈsɛsərz tɪ ðiz ˈaʊtˌgoʊɪŋ kənˈsərvətɪv ˌɪnˈkəmbənts səˈpɔrt ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt soʊ ˈlɔɪəli? wɪl ðə ˈmævərɪk ˈtɛndənsiz ðət wən ðɛm ðə ˌæʤəˈleɪʃən əv ə ˈpɑpjələst beɪs əˈlaʊ ðɛm səʧ oʊˈbidiəns tɪ ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt? kən ðə rɔɪ mʊrz ər ˈkɛli wɔrdz əv ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti wərk wɪθ ˈkɑligz ɪn ðɛr ˈpɑrti ənd əˈkrɔs ðə aɪəl tɪ ədˈvæns ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən? ˈrɛdɪŋ ənd ˈwɑʧɪŋ ʤɛf fleɪk lidz mi tɪ ˈʧænəl ˈmɪstər. kənˈsərvətɪv əˈgɛn hir ənd ˈwəndər, wʊd ˈgoʊldˌwɔtər say?”*?” hɪz ˈænsər wʊd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtənli bi: aɪ daʊt ɪt.
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republicanism left “mr. conservative” barry goldwater behind just like it now moves away from conservatives like jeff flake (james k.w. atherton/the washington post)
michelle nickerson is associate professor of history at loyola university history and author of " mothers of conservatism: women and the postwar right ."
in a seminal speech tuesday, sen. jeff flake (r-ariz.) announced that he would not seek reelection because he did not want to accommodate himself to the “new normal” of donald trump’s republican party and did not want to adjust to the “present coarseness of our national dialogue.” the speech stood out for its emphasis on the failure of moral leadership in the republican party, with the word “principle” appearing 13 times and “values” 11.
flake rejects the messaging and policy coming out of the white house because he is emphatically a champion of the “old normal.” the white house’s twitter response offered a different take on flake’s motivation, but its crudeness affirmed his statements about how the president has degraded politics in washington: “the reason flake and corker dropped out of the senate race is very simple, they had zero chance of being elected. now act so hurt & wounded!”
sen. bob corker (r-tenn.) criticized trump in announcing his decision not to seek reelection in 2018.
as the news industry struggles to keep up with the volleys lobbed between trump and his critics, it seems that the flake speech has struck a chord. he and many republicans have a name for that “old normal” that they are committed to reinvigorating: conservatism. once at the forefront of a revolution in the party, where do these conservatives stand now?
by exhorting them to stand on the traditions and values of the nation’s founders, flake is channeling his hero barry goldwater, who once held flake’s senate seat. flake models his career on the moral philosophy outlined and practiced by goldwater. but that philosophy is unswerving, prioritizing conservative values above all else. and that is now why the party is drifting away from him, as it did from goldwater in the twilight of his career. as flake’s purportedly conservative colleagues embrace trumpism, they are actually advancing what has become the republican party’s main agenda: winning elections.
more than ever before, sen. flake is challenging his party to reevaluate its core values by returning to its roots. in fact, goldwater first galvanized the american right precisely this way. he convinced them that the republican party should belong to them, a western and midwestern movement of ordinary god-loving people, not the moderate elites in new york city who he argued were insufficiently ideological. when goldwater ran for president in 1964, he delivered the most victorious loss in american history. even while getting clobbered, he propelled the conservative movement to a half-century of great success.
for goldwater, these values were not merely campaign fodder, but governing values. over many years, he developed a conservative policy tradition, starting as a phoenix city booster when he ran goldwater’s department store and won a seat on the city council in 1949, then as a five-term u.s. senator. this meant using government to nurture a business-friendly environment that kept taxes low, regulation on industry minimal and unions weak. goldwater combined his pro-growth libertarianism with patriotic, christian citizenship ideals.
he became the father of the conservative movement when, in 1960, he packaged these ideas together with the help of ghostwriter brent bozell into a popular, easy-to-digest paperback. a movement found itself when “the conscience of a conservative” became its bible. it wasn’t that people read and adopted its ideas so much as they read and discovered themselves. goldwater and bozell expressed the transformation that millions of americans wanted to see in politics.
the book focused on how dangerous the federal government had become because it had amassed enormous power, which it used to excessively interfere in the daily lives and economic activity of americans. “the farmer is told how much wheat he can grow. the wage earner is at the mercy of national union leaders whose great power is a direct consequence of federal labor legislation. the businessman is hampered by a maze of government regulations, and often by direct government competition.”
goldwater and bozell somehow addressed a swelling populist rage that had been building against the new deal welfare state, while providing a manual for dignified political discourse. unlike materialist liberals, they wrote, conservatives take account of the “whole man.” “the conservative realizes . . . that man’s development, in both its spiritual and material aspects, is not something that can be directed by outside forces.”
four million copies later, the book remains in print today. and it served as the inspiration for flake’s new manifesto, which shares its title but is accompanied by the pointed subtitle: “a rejection of destructive politics and a return to principle.” this 21st century reboot is less about policy and philosophy than about character and how populism is debasing the gop and threatening to undermine the basic pillars of american freedom.
like goldwater, flake also has a conservative policy record. he has pushed for tax cuts and deregulation. and indeed, his outspoken defiance against trump has been about morals and policy areas where trump deserts conservatism. his anti-trump rhetoric seems infused by goldwater’s influence. it echoes the outcry against “moral decay” offered by goldwater during his presidential campaign to an electorate becoming alarmed over delinquency, urban riots and unrest on college campuses.
this moral aspect of conservatism mattered for goldwater. in fact he achieved legendary status in part because “mr. conservative” was truly “mr. principle,” compelled to break ranks with his party when his principles demanded it. in the 1990s he openly supported gay rights, which contradicted the agenda of ascendant religious conservatives. though himself christian, he deplored how religiosity came to dominate the party’s agenda after 1980.
and yet, for all of his principled opposition, he also understood how to govern. speaking about “preachers” in the republican party, his friend john dean quotes him as saying, “frankly, these people frighten me. politics and governing demand compromise. but these christians believe they are acting in the name of god, so they can’t and won’t compromise. i know, i’ve tried to deal with them.”
flake, like goldwater, laments the end of compromise and how it has paralyzed congress. flake asks, point blank, in his “conscience of a conservative,” “what would goldwater do?”
but in leaving office, flake is doing the opposite of what goldwater did. he is not launching a career but ending one, ultimately raising the question: is this the end for him and american conservatism?
flake believes not. on tuesday he asserted that trump’s brand of populism and scapegoating are a “spell [that] will eventually break.”
one has to wonder, though, as populists lay waste to republican incumbents. remember eric cantor? trump’s supporters seem to be taking over the party, just as the christian right swatted aside goldwater’s objections on the way to turning issues like abortion and opposition to gay rights into republican litmus tests. the marginalization of first goldwater conservatism, and now, three decades later, its descendant, flake conservatism, reveals that the republican party’s ideals are far more malleable than the conservatism espoused by goldwater and flake.
many republicans want to win and will sacrifice conservative values for electoral power. but if trumpism takes over the party, it will also have to prove capable of governing. so far, the president’s successes have added up mainly to anti-government — using executive orders to undo as much of the obama legacy as he can manage. the policymaking, which requires members of congress to work together for tax and health-care reform, has not yet been realized.
the great irony is that jeff flake, as mouthy as he is, has actually been a good player for team trump. while criticizing the president for bad behavior, he voted with him pretty consistently. will the successors to these outgoing conservative incumbents support the president so loyally? will the maverick tendencies that won them the adulation of a populist base allow them such obedience to the establishment? can the roy moores or kelli wards of the republican party work with colleagues in their party and across the aisle to advance legislation?
reading and watching jeff flake leads me to channel mr. conservative again here and wonder, “what would goldwater say?” his answer would almost certainly be: i doubt it.
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““equality* əv sacrifice”*” ə. wɑz ə have.”*.” bi. wɑz ə ‘‘have-not.’”*.’” (təˈgɛðər.) hæst ðaʊ ˈgɪvɪn wɪʧ aɪ geɪv not?”*?” ə ˈsərvənt wi wər təˈgɛðər sɪns ðə wɔr bɪˈgæn. hi wɑz maɪ ðə ˈbɛtər mæn. ə sən maɪ sən wɑz kɪld waɪl ˈlæfɪŋ æt səm ʤɛst. aɪ wʊd aɪ nu wət ɪt wɑz, ənd ɪt maɪt sərv mi ɪn ə taɪm wɪn ʤɛsts ər fju. ən ˈoʊnli sən aɪ hæv sleɪn nən ɪkˈsɛpt maɪ ˈməðər. ʃi (ˈblɛsɪŋ hər sleɪər) daɪd əv grif fər mi. ˈpɪti nɑt! ðə ˈɑrmi geɪv ˈfridəm tɪ ə ˈtɪmɪd sleɪv: ɪn wɪʧ ˈfridəm dɪd hi faɪnd strɛŋθ əv ˈbɑdi, wɪl, ənd maɪnd: baɪ wɪʧ strɛŋθ hi keɪm tɪ pruv mərθ, kəmˈpænjənˌʃɪp, ənd ləv: fər wɪʧ ləv tɪ dɛθ hi wɛnt: ɪn wɪʧ dɛθ hi laɪz ˈkɑntɛnt. ðə ˈwəndər ˈbɑdi ənd ˈspɪrɪt aɪ sərˈɛndərd hoʊl tɪ hɑrʃ rɪˈsivd ə soʊl ɪf ˈmɔrtəl mæn kʊd ʧeɪnʤ mi θru ənd θru frəm ɔl aɪ meɪ ðə gɑd nɑt du? ˈhɪnˌdu ɪn fræns ðɪs mæn ɪn hɪz oʊn ˈkəntri preɪd wi noʊ nɑt tɪ wət paʊərz. wi preɪ ðɛm tɪ rɪˈwɔrd ɪm fər hɪz ˈbreɪvəri ɪn ɑrz. ðə kaʊərd aɪ kʊd nɑt lʊk ɔn dɛθ, wɪʧ biɪŋ noʊn, mɛn lɛd mi tɪ ɪm, ˈblaɪndˌfoʊld ənd əˈloʊn. ʃɑk maɪ neɪm, maɪ spiʧ, maɪ sɛlf aɪ hæd fərˈgɑt. maɪ waɪf ənd ˈʧɪldrən nu ðɛm nɑt. aɪ daɪd. maɪ ˈməðər ˈfɑloʊd. æt hər kɔl ənd ɔn hər ˈbʊzəm aɪ rɪˈmɛmbərd ɔl. ə greɪv nɪr ˈkaɪroʊ gɑdz əv ðə naɪl, ʃʊd ðɪs staʊt ˈfɛloʊ hir gɪt aʊt! hi noʊz nɑt ʃeɪm nɔr fɪr. ˈpɛlɪkənz ɪn ðə ˈwɪldərnəs (ə greɪv nɪr halfa*) ðə bloʊn sænd hips ɔn mi, ðət nən meɪ lərn wɛr aɪ æm leɪd fər hum maɪ ˈʧɪldrən griv. oʊ wɪŋz ðət bit æt ˈdɔnɪŋ, jɛ rɪˈtərn aʊt əv ðə ˈdɛzərt tɪ jʊr jəŋ æt iv! ðə ˈfeɪvər dɛθ mi frəm ðə fərst, wɛl noʊɪŋ aɪ kʊd nɑt ɪnˈdʊr tɪ weɪt ɔn ɪm deɪ baɪ deɪ. hi maɪ ˈbɛtərz ənd keɪm ˈwɪslɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə fildz, ənd, wɪn hi hæd meɪd ɔl ʃʊr, laɪn ɪz æt end,”*,” hi sɛd, æt list aɪ hæv seɪvd ɪts name.”*.” ðə bɪˈgɪnər ɔn ðə fərst aʊər əv maɪ fərst deɪ ɪn ðə frənt trɛnʧ aɪ fɛl. (ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ˈbɑksɪz æt ə pleɪ stænd əp tɪ wɔʧ ɪt wɛl.) r.a.f*. (ˈeɪʤɪd ˈeɪˈtin) ˈlæfɪŋ θru klaʊdz, hɪz stɪl unshed*, ˈsɪtiz ənd mɛn hi frəm ˈoʊvərˈhɛd. hɪz dɛθs dɪˈlɪvərd, hi rɪˈtərnd tɪ pleɪ ˈʧaɪlˌdlaɪk, wɪθ ˈʧaɪldɪʃ θɪŋz naʊ pʊt əˈweɪ. ðə rɪˈfaɪnd mæn aɪ wɑz əv ˈdɛləkət maɪnd. aɪ stɛpt əˈsaɪd fər maɪ nidz, dɪsˈdeɪnɪŋ ðə ˈkɑmən ˈɔfəs. aɪ wɑz sin frəm əˈfɑr ənd kɪld. haʊ ɪz ðɪs ˈmætər fər mərθ? lɛt iʧ mæn bi ʤəʤd baɪ hɪz didz. aɪ hæv peɪd maɪ praɪs tɪ lɪv wɪθ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɔn ðə tərmz ðət aɪ wɪld. ˈneɪtɪv (m.e.f*.) prəˈmiˌθiəs brɔt daʊn faɪər tɪ mɛn. ðɪs brɔt əp ˈwɔtər. ðə gɑdz ər jealous—now*, ɛz ðɛn, ˈgɪvɪŋ noʊ kˈwɔrtər. bɑmd ɪn ˈləndən ɔn lænd ənd si aɪ stroʊv wɪθ ˈæŋʃəs kɛr tɪ ɪˈskeɪp kənˈskrɪpʃən. ɪt wɑz ɪn ðə ɛr! ðə sˈlipi ˈsɛntənəl ðə wɔʧ ðət aɪ kɛpt: naʊ aɪ hæv nən tɪ kip. aɪ wɑz sleɪn bɪˈkəz aɪ slɛpt: naʊ aɪ æm sleɪn aɪ slip. lɛt noʊ mæn riˈproʊʧ mi əˈgɛn; ˌwəˈtɛvər wɔʧ ɪz unkept—*— aɪ slip bɪˈkəz aɪ æm sleɪn. ðeɪ slu mi bɪˈkəz aɪ slɛpt. ˈbætəriz aʊt əv ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən ɪf ˈɛni mɔrn ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ðə ˈwərkˌʃɑp, seɪ wi daɪd bɪˈkəz ðə ʃɪft kɛpt ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ. ˈkɑmən fɔrm ɪf ˈɛni kˈwɛʃən waɪ wi daɪd, tɛl ðɛm, bɪˈkəz ɑr ˈfɑðərz laɪd. ə dɛd ˈsteɪtsmən aɪ kʊd nɑt dɪg: aɪ dɛrd nɑt rɑb: ˈðɛrˌfɔr aɪ laɪd tɪ pliz ðə mɑb. naʊ ɔl maɪ laɪz ər pruvd ənˈtru ənd aɪ məst feɪs ðə mɛn aɪ slu. wət teɪl ʃæl sərv mi hir əˈməŋ maɪn ˈæŋgri ənd dɪˈfrɔdɪd jəŋ? ðə ˈrɛbəl ɪf aɪ hæd æt ðaɪ geɪt fər gɪft əv laɪf ɔn ərθ, ənd, θˈrəstɪŋ θru ðə soʊlz ðət weɪt, fləŋ ˈhɛˌdlɔŋ ˈɪntu birth—*— ˈivɪn ðɛn, ˈivɪn ðɛn, fər ʤɪn ənd snɛr əˈbaʊt maɪ ˈpæθˌweɪ sprɛd, lɔrd, aɪ hæd mɑkt ðaɪ ˈθɔtfəl kɛr ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ ʤɔɪnd ðə dɛd! bət naʊ? aɪ wɑz bɪˈniθ ðaɪ hænd ɛr jɛt ðə ˈplænəts keɪm. ənd ˈplænəts pæs, aɪ stænd ðə ˈwɪtnəs tɪ ðaɪ ʃeɪm. ðə oʊˈbidiənt ˈdeɪli, ðoʊ noʊ ɪrz əˈtɛndəd, dɪd maɪ prɛrz əraɪz. ˈdeɪli, ðoʊ noʊ faɪər dɪˈsɛndɪd dɪd aɪ ˈsækrəˌfaɪs. ðoʊ maɪ ˈdɑrknəs dɪd nɑt lɪft, ðoʊ aɪ feɪst noʊ ˈlaɪtər ɑdz, ðoʊ ðə gɑdz bɪˈstoʊd noʊ gɪft, nən ðə lɛs, nən ðə lɛs, aɪ sərvd ðə gɑdz! ə ˈdrɪftər ɔf hi frəm ðə nɔrθ wɪθ ʃɪp ənd kəmˈpænjənz dɪˈsɛndɪd. ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ɛgz əv dɛθ spɔnd baɪ ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl həlz. ˈmɛni hi faʊnd ənd dru fɔrθ. əv ə ˈsədən ðə ˈfɪʃəri ˈɛndɪd ɪn fleɪm ənd ə brɛθ nɑt nu tɪ ðə gəlz. dɪˈstrɔɪərz ɪn kəˈlɪʒən fər fɔg ənd feɪt noʊ ʧɑrm ɪz faʊnd tɪ ˈlaɪtən ər əˈmɛnd. aɪ, ˈhəriɪŋ tɪ maɪ braɪd, wɑz drowned—*— kət daʊn baɪ maɪ bɛst frɛnd. ˈkɑnˌvɔɪ ˈɛskɔrt aɪ wɑz ə ˈʃɛpərd tɪ fulz boʊld ər əˈfreɪd. ðeɪ wʊd nɑt əˈbaɪd baɪ maɪ rulz. jɛt ðeɪ ɪˈskeɪpt. fər aɪ steɪd. ənˈnoʊn ˈfiˌmeɪl kɔrps ˈhɛdləs, ˈlækɪŋ fʊt ənd hænd, ˈhɔrəbəl aɪ kəm tɪ lænd. aɪ biˈsiʧ ɔl sənz noʊ aɪ wɑz ə ˈməðər wəns. reɪpt ənd wən juzd ənd ˈbʊʧərd mi: əˈnəðər spaɪd mi wɪʧ θɪŋ ən ˈhənərd daɪd. soʊ ɪt wɑz ˈlərnɪd əˈməŋ ðə ˈhiðən hoʊsts haʊ məʧ ə ˈfribərn ˈfeɪvər kɔsts. greɪv aɪ hæv wɔʧt ə ˈθaʊzənd deɪz pʊʃ aʊt ənd krɔl ˈɪntu naɪt sˈloʊli ɛz ˈtɔrtəsəz. naʊ aɪ, tu, ˈfɑloʊ ðiz. ɪt ɪz ˈfivər, ənd nɑt ðə fight—*— taɪm, nɑt slays*. ðə ˈbraɪdˌgrum kɔl mi nɑt fɔls, bɪˈləvəd, ɪf, frəm ðaɪ brɛst soʊ ˈlɪtəl taɪm riˈmuvd, ɪn ˈəðər ɑrmz aɪ rɛst. fər ðɪs mɔr ˈeɪnʧənt braɪd hum ˈkoʊldli aɪ ɪmˈbreɪs wɑz ˈkɑnstənt æt maɪ saɪd ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ sɔ ðaɪ feɪs. ɑr ˈmɛrɪʤ, ˈɔfən set—*— baɪ ˈmɪrəkəl delayed—*— æt læst ɪz ˈkɑnsəˌmeɪt, ənd ˈkænɑt bi ənˈmeɪd. lɪv, ðɛn, hum laɪf ʃæl kjʊr. ˈɔlˌmoʊst, əv ˈmɛməri, ənd liv ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ɪnˈdʊr ɪts ˌɪmɔrˈtælɪti. vi. ə. di. (ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən) ɑ, wʊd swɪft ʃɪps hæd ˈnɛvər bɪn, fər ðɛn wi hæd faʊnd, ðiz hɑrʃ rɑks bɪtˈwin, ðɪs ˈlɪtəl ˈvərʤɪn draʊnd, hum ˈniðər spaʊs nɔr ʧaɪld ʃæl mɔrn, bət mɛn ʃi nərst θru peɪn kilz fər huz rɪˈtərn ðə ˈhiðən lʊk ɪn veɪn. ˈæktərz ɔn ə məˈmɔriəl ˈtæblət ɪn ˈhoʊli ˈtrɪnɪti ʧərʧ, wi ˈkaʊnərˌfɪtɪd wəns fər jʊr ʤɔɪ ənd ˈsɑroʊ: bət ɑr deɪ həz pæst. wi preɪ ju ˈpɑrdən ɔl wɛr wi fɛl ʃɔrt siɪŋ wi wər jʊr ˈsərvənts tɪ ðɪs læst. ˈʤərnəlɪsts (ɔn ə ˈpænəl ɪn ðə hɔl əv ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ˈʤərnəlɪsts) wi hæv sərvd ɑr deɪ. ˈbækˌgraʊnd noʊts
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“equality of sacrifice”
a. “i was a have.” b. “i was a ‘have-not.’”
(together.) “what hast thou given which i gave not?”
a servant
we were together since the war began.
he was my servant—and the better man.
a son
my son was killed while laughing at some jest. i would i knew
what it was, and it might serve me in a time when jests are few.
an only son
i have slain none except my mother.
she (blessing her slayer) died of grief for me.
ex-clerk
pity not! the army gave
freedom to a timid slave:
in which freedom did he find
strength of body, will, and mind:
by which strength he came to prove
mirth, companionship, and love:
for which love to death he went:
in which death he lies content.
the wonder
body and spirit i surrendered whole
to harsh instructors—and received a soul . .
. if mortal man could change me through and through
from all i was—what may the god not do?
hindu sepoy in france
this man in his own country prayed we know not to what powers.
we pray them to reward him for his bravery in ours.
the coward
i could not look on death, which being known,
men led me to him, blindfold and alone.
shock
my name, my speech, my self i had forgot.
my wife and children came—i knew them not.
i died. my mother followed. at her call
and on her bosom i remembered all.
a grave near cairo
gods of the nile, should this stout fellow here
get out—get out! he knows not shame nor fear.
pelicans in the wilderness
(a grave near halfa)
the blown sand heaps on me, that none may learn
where i am laid for whom my children grieve. . . .
o wings that beat at dawning, ye return
out of the desert to your young at eve!
the favour
death favoured me from the first, well knowing i could not endure
to wait on him day by day. he quitted my betters and came
whistling over the fields, and, when he had made all sure,
“thy line is at end,” he said, “but at least i have saved its name.”
the beginner
on the first hour of my first day
in the front trench i fell.
(children in boxes at a play
stand up to watch it well.)
r.a.f. (aged eighteen)
laughing through clouds, his milk-teeth still unshed,
cities and men he smote from overhead.
his deaths delivered, he returned to play
childlike, with childish things now put away.
the refined man
i was of delicate mind. i stepped aside for my needs,
disdaining the common office. i was seen from afar and killed. . .
. how is this matter for mirth? let each man be judged by his deeds.
i have paid my price to live with myself on the terms that i willed.
native water-carrier (m.e.f.)
prometheus brought down fire to men.
this brought up water.
the gods are jealous—now, as then,
giving no quarter.
bombed in london
on land and sea i strove with anxious care
to escape conscription. it was in the air!
the sleepy sentinel
faithless the watch that i kept: now i have none to keep.
i was slain because i slept: now i am slain i sleep.
let no man reproach me again; whatever watch is unkept—
i sleep because i am slain. they slew me because i slept.
batteries out of ammunition
if any mourn us in the workshop, say
we died because the shift kept holiday.
common form
if any question why we died,
tell them, because our fathers lied.
a dead statesman
i could not dig: i dared not rob:
therefore i lied to please the mob.
now all my lies are proved untrue
and i must face the men i slew.
what tale shall serve me here among
mine angry and defrauded young?
the rebel
if i had clamoured at thy gate
for gift of life on earth,
and, thrusting through the souls that wait,
flung headlong into birth—
even then, even then, for gin and snare
about my pathway spread,
lord, i had mocked thy thoughtful care
before i joined the dead!
but now? . . . i was beneath thy hand
ere yet the planets came.
and now—though planets pass, i stand
the witness to thy shame.
the obedient
daily, though no ears attended,
did my prayers arise.
daily, though no fire descended
did i sacrifice.
though my darkness did not lift,
though i faced no lighter odds,
though the gods bestowed no gift,
none the less,
none the less, i served the gods!
a drifter off tarentum
he from the wind-bitten north with ship and companions descended.
searching for eggs of death spawned by invisible hulls.
many he found and drew forth. of a sudden the fishery ended
in flame and a clamorous breath not new to the eye-pecking gulls.
destroyers in collision
for fog and fate no charm is found
to lighten or amend.
i, hurrying to my bride, was drowned—
cut down by my best friend.
convoy escort
i was a shepherd to fools
causelessly bold or afraid.
they would not abide by my rules.
yet they escaped. for i stayed.
unknown female corpse
headless, lacking foot and hand,
horrible i come to land.
i beseech all women’s sons
know i was a mother once.
raped and revenged
one used and butchered me: another spied
me broken—for which thing an hundred died.
so it was learned among the heathen hosts
how much a freeborn woman’s favour costs.
salonikan grave
i have watched a thousand days
push out and crawl into night
slowly as tortoises.
now i, too, follow these.
it is fever, and not the fight—
time, not battle—that slays.
the bridegroom
call me not false, beloved,
if, from thy scarce-known breast
so little time removed,
in other arms i rest.
for this more ancient bride
whom coldly i embrace
was constant at my side
before i saw thy face.
our marriage, often set—
by miracle delayed—
at last is consummate,
and cannot be unmade.
live, then, whom life shall cure.
almost, of memory,
and leave us to endure
its immortality.
v. a. d. (mediterranean)
ah, would swift ships had never been, for then we ne’er had found,
these harsh ægean rocks between, this little virgin drowned,
whom neither spouse nor child shall mourn, but men she nursed through pain
and—certain keels for whose return the heathen look in vain.
actors
on a memorial tablet in holy trinity church, stratford-on-avon
we counterfeited once for your disport
men’s joy and sorrow: but our day has passed.
we pray you pardon all where we fell short
seeing we were your servants to this last.
journalists
(on a panel in the hall of the institute of journalists)
we have served our day.
background notes
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ˈʃʊgər wæks ɪz juzd ɛz ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ wæks fər hɛr rɪˈmuvəl. ˈwæksɪŋ wɪθ ˈʃʊgər ɪz kɔld ər ənd həz bɪn dən fər ˈθaʊzənz əv jɪrz, ˈstɑrtɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈeɪnʧənt ɪˈʤɪpʃənz. ˈʃʊgər wæks kən bi meɪd æt hoʊm fər ə ˈfrækʃən əv ðə praɪs ðət ɪt wʊd kɔst tɪ baɪ ɪn ðə stɔr. ən ˈædɪd ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ˈhoʊˈmeɪd ˈʃʊgər wæks ɪz ðət ɪt læks ˈɛni ˈhɑrmfəl ˈkɛmɪkəlz ðət səm stɔr ˈprɑdəkts kənˈteɪn. ˈkɑmbaɪn 2 kəps waɪt ˈʃʊgər, kəp ˈlɛmən ʤus ənd kəp ˈwɔtər ɪn ə lɑrʤ ˈkʊkɪŋ pɑt. ə tɔl ˈkʊkɪŋ pɑt wərks bɛst bɪˈkəz ɪt prɪˈvɛnts ðə ˈʃʊgər ˈmɪksʧər frəm ˈsplætəˌrɪŋ aʊt əv ðə pɑt wɪn ˈkʊkɪŋ. pleɪs ˈkʊkɪŋ pɑt fɪld wɪθ ˈʃʊgər ˈmɪksʧər ɔn ðə stoʊv ənd kʊk ˈoʊvər haɪ hit. stər ˈkɑnstəntli wɪθ ə ˈwʊdən spun. tərn daʊn ðə hit ɔn ðə stoʊv wɪn ðə ˈʃʊgər ˈmɪksʧər stɑrts tɪ bɔɪl. kənˈtɪnju tɪ stər ˈʃʊgər ˈmɪksʧər ˈkɑnstəntli. əˈlaʊ ˈʃʊgər ˈmɪksʧər tɪ ˈsɪmər waɪl stərɪŋ ˈkɑnstəntli ənˈtɪl ðə ˈʃʊgər ˈfʊli mɛlts ənd ðə ˈmɪksʧər tərnz ə laɪt ˈgoʊldən braʊn. wəns ðə ˈʃʊgər ɪz ˈmɛltɪd ənd ðə ˈmɪksʧər ɪz ə laɪt ˈgoʊldən braʊn, riˈmuv ðə ˈkʊkɪŋ pɑt frəm ðə hɑt ˈbərnər ənd lɛt kul. əˈlaʊ ðə ˈʃʊgər ˈmɪksʧər tɪ sɪt ənˈtɪl ɪt ɪz kul ɪˈnəf tɪ təʧ. pɪk əp kuld ˈʃʊgər ˈmɪksʧər ənd ʃeɪp ɪt ˈɪntu ə bɔl. strɛʧ ənd pʊl ðə ˈmɪksʧər ənˈtɪl ɪt ɪz ə ˈivɪn ˈgoʊldən ˈkələr θruaʊt. ʃeɪp ˈʃʊgər ˈmɪksʧər ˈɪntu ə bɔl ənd pleɪs ɪn ə glæs ʤɑr. pleɪs ə lɪd ɔn ðə glæs ʤɑr tɪ stɔr fər ˈleɪtər juz. ˈʃʊgər ˈmɪksʧər kən bi wɔrmd əp æt ə ˈleɪtər taɪm, baɪ ˈpleɪsɪŋ ðə ʤɑr ɪn hɑt ˈwɔtər. tɪp ɪf ðə ˈʃʊgər ɪz nɑt ˈfʊli dɪˈzɑlvd, ðə ˈmɪksʧər nidz tɪ bi ˈhitɪd ˈlɔŋgər. ðə ˈʃʊgər wæks wɪl bi θɪk ənd rɪˈzɛmbəl ðə kənˈsɪstənsi əv ˈkɛrəməl.
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sugar wax is used as an alternative to wax for hair removal. waxing with sugar is called sugaring or hallawa and has been done for thousands of years, starting with the ancient egyptians. sugar wax can be made at home for a fraction of the price that it would cost to buy in the store. an added benefit of homemade sugar wax is that it lacks any harmful chemicals that some store products contain.
combine 2 cups granulated white sugar, 1/2 cup lemon juice and 1/2 cup water in a large cooking pot. a tall cooking pot works best because it prevents the sugar mixture from splattering out of the pot when cooking.
place cooking pot filled with sugar mixture on the stove and cook over high heat. stir constantly with a wooden spoon.
turn down the heat on the stove when the sugar mixture starts to boil. continue to stir sugar mixture constantly.
allow sugar mixture to simmer while stirring constantly until the sugar fully melts and the mixture turns a light golden brown. once the sugar is melted and the mixture is a light golden brown, remove the cooking pot from the hot burner and let cool.
allow the sugar mixture to sit until it is cool enough to touch.
pick up cooled sugar mixture and shape it into a ball. stretch and pull the mixture until it is a even golden color throughout.
shape sugar mixture into a ball and place in a glass jar. place a lid on the glass jar to store for later use. sugar mixture can be warmed up at a later time, by placing the jar in hot water.
tip if the sugar is not fully dissolved, the mixture needs to be heated longer. the sugar wax will be thick and resemble the consistency of caramel.
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wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ, ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ənd ˈjərəgˌweɪ, ˌkəltɪˈveɪʃən əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə fər ˈʤɛnərəl juz ɪz ˌɪˈligəl ˈprɪti məʧ ˈɛvriˌwɛr ɔn ərθ. ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ɔˈstreɪljə, ˈɔstriə, ˈkænədə, ˈʧɪli, ˈʧaɪnə, ˈdɛnˌmɑrk, ˈiʤɪpt, ˈfɪnˌlænd, fræns, ˈʤərməni, greɪt ˈbrɪtən, ˈhəŋgəri, ˈɪndiə, ˈɪtəli, ʤəˈpæn, ðə ˈnɛðərləndz, nu ˈzilənd, ˈpoʊlənd, ˈpɔrʧəgəl, roʊˈmeɪniə, ˈrəʃə, sˌloʊˈviniə, saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə, speɪn, sˈwɪtsərlənd, ˈtaɪˌlænd, ˈtərki, ənd juˈkreɪn. jɛt ɔl əv ðoʊz ˈkəntriz əˈlaʊ ˌkəltɪˈveɪʃən əv ˌɪnˈdəstriəl hɛmp, ə ˈvərʒən əv ˈkænəbəs juzd ɪn ˈtɛkˌstaɪlz, kɑzˈmɛtɪks, fud ˈprɑdəkts, fjuəl, ənd ˈbɪldɪŋ məˈtɪriəlz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə hɛmp ˈɪndəstriz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz "ðə ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈdəstriəˌlaɪzd ˈneɪʃən ɪn ðə wərld" ðət həz nɑt ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ˈrɛkənˌsaɪl ðiz tu ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl fit, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə drəg ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən (di). ɪt lʊks laɪk ðə juz. wɪl sun luz ðət ˈdubiəs dɪˈstɪŋkʃən. ðə fɑrm bɪl əˈpruvd baɪ ðə haʊs ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə prəˈvɪʒən əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈpaɪlət hɛmp ˌkəltɪˈveɪʃən ˈprɑʤɛkts ɪn 10 steɪts. "ðɪs ɪz bɪg," voʊt hɛmp ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈɛrɪk toʊld ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs. "wiv bɪn ˈpʊʃɪŋ fər ðɪs ə lɔŋ taɪm." ðə hɛmp prəˈvɪʒən, wɪʧ əˈlaʊz ˌkəltɪˈveɪʃən baɪ ˈkɑlɪʤɪz, ˌjunəˈvərsətiz, ənd steɪt ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər dɪˈpɑrtmənts fər ˈrisərʧ ˈpərpəsɪz, wɑz ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪn ðə haʊs baɪ rɛps. ˈʤɛrɪd ˈpoʊləs (d-colo*.), ˈtɑməs ˈmæsi (r-ky*.), ənd ərl (d-ore*.). ɪts meɪn ˈʧæmpiən ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt, wɪʧ ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ pæs ðə fɑrm bɪl ɛz sun ɛz nɛkst wik, wɑz məˈnɔrəti ˈlidər mɪʧ məˈkɑnəl (r-ky*.), hu tʊk əp ðə kɔz əv ˈfɑrmərz ɪn hɪz steɪt hu si hɛmp ɛz ə pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈlukrətɪv ˈbɪznɪs. "ɪn 2011 a.p*. noʊts, "ðə juz. ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd ˈmɪljən wərθ əv ˈligəl hɛmp ˈprɑdəkts, əp frəm ˈmɪljən ɪn 2000 ðə 10 steɪts ðət əˈlaʊ hɛmp ˌkəltɪˈveɪʃən ər ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ, ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, kənˈtəki, meɪn, mɑnˈtænə, nɔrθ dəˈkoʊtə, ˈɔrəˌgɑn, vərˈmɑnt, ənd wɛst vərˈʤɪnjə. wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv ən ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ɪn həˈwaɪˌi ðət wɑz əˈbændənd du tɪ di rɪˈzɪstəns, hɛmp həz bɪn prəˈdust ˈoʊnli ɪn ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ, wɛr əˈmɛndmənt 64 ˈligəˌlaɪzd ɪt əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər həz nɑt ˈgɔtən əraʊnd tɪ əˈwɔrdɪŋ hɛmp ˌkəltɪˈveɪʃən ˈlaɪsənsɪz jɛt, ə fju ˈfɑrmərz wɛnt əˈhɛd ənd ˈplænɪd krɑps ˈɛniˌweɪ. læst ɑkˈtoʊbər, ˈbækə ˈkaʊnti ˈfɑrmər raɪən ˈlɑflɪn ˈhɑrvəstɪd ðə ˈkəntriz fərst hɛmp krɑp sɪns ðə leɪt 1940s*. ˈmeɪbi ðə nɛkst taɪm ə hɛmp flæg flaɪz ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkæpɪtəl, ɪt wɪl bi meɪd əv ˈfaɪbər prəˈdust ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ. ðə ˈhɔrər. æt hɪt rən]
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with the exception of colorado, washington, and uruguay, cultivation of marijuana for general use is illegal pretty much everywhere on earth. that includes australia, austria, canada, chile, china, denmark, egypt, finland, france, germany, great britain, hungary, india, italy, japan, the netherlands, new zealand, poland, portugal, romania, russia, slovenia, south korea, spain, switzerland, thailand, turkey, and ukraine. yet all of those countries allow cultivation of industrial hemp, a nonpsychoactive version of cannabis used in textiles, cosmetics, food products, fuel, and building materials. according to the hemp industries association, the united states is "the only industrialized nation in the world" that has not managed to reconcile these two policies—an impossible feat, according to the drug enforcement administration (dea). it looks like the u.s. will soon lose that dubious distinction. the farm bill approved by the house yesterday included a provision allowing pilot hemp cultivation projects in 10 states.
"this is big," vote hemp president eric steenstra told the associated press. "we've been pushing for this a long time." the hemp provision, which allows cultivation by colleges, universities, and state agriculture departments for research purposes, was introduced in the house by reps. jared polis (d-colo.), thomas massie (r-ky.), and earl blumenauer (d-ore.). its main champion in the senate, which is expected to pass the farm bill as soon as next week, was minority leader mitch mcconnell (r-ky.), who took up the cause of farmers in his state who see hemp as a potentially lucrative business. "in 2011," a.p. notes, "the u.s. imported $11.5 million worth of legal hemp products, up from $1.4 million in 2000."
the 10 states that notionally allow hemp cultivation are colorado, washington, california, kentucky, maine, montana, north dakota, oregon, vermont, and west virginia. with the exception of an experiment in hawaii that was abandoned due to dea resistance, hemp has been produced only in colorado, where amendment 64 legalized it along with marijuana. although the colorado department of agriculture has not gotten around to awarding hemp cultivation licenses yet, a few farmers went ahead and planted crops anyway. last october, baca county farmer ryan loflin harvested the country's first quasi-legal hemp crop since the late 1940s.
maybe the next time a hemp flag flies over the capitol, it will be made of fiber produced in the usa. the horror.
[cross-posted at hit & run]
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[ˈəpˌdeɪt] ðə traɪəlz əv ðə bləd ˈdrægən ˈdɛmoʊ ɪz naʊ əˈveɪləbəl θru ðə stɔr. ju hæv ənˈtɪl ˌʤuˈlaɪ 31 tɪ gɪv ɪt ə ʃɑt ənd gɪt ˈjɔrsɛlf ə fri ˈkɑpi əv ðə geɪm ɪf ju kəmˈplit ɪt ɪn 15 fɔlts ər lɛs. ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈstɔri ˈfɑloʊz. ɪf juv ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ʧɛk aʊt traɪəlz əv ðə bləd ˈdrægən, ju kən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ə ˈdɛmoʊ əv ɪt fər ˈpiˈsi ˈleɪtər ðɪs mənθ. ənd heɪ, ɪf ju kən pruv jʊr ˈprɪti dæŋ gʊd æt ɪt, wɪl gɪv ju ə fri ˈkɑpi əv ðə geɪm. ðə ˈdɛmoʊ ˈlɔnʧɪz ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 22 θru. ɪf ju kəmˈplit ɪt wɪθ noʊ mɔr ðən 15 fɔlts, jʊr rɪˈwɔrd ɪz ə fri ˈvərʒən əv ðə fʊl geɪm. ðə ˈdɛmoʊ wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ hæv leaderboards*, bət ɪt ˈdəzənt saʊnd laɪk jul gɪt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈspɛʃəl fər ˈsɪtɪŋ æt ðə tɔp. traɪəlz əv ðə bləd ˈdrægən ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ənd wən, bət ðə ˈdɛmoʊ ˈʧælənʤ woʊnt bi əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ðoʊz ˈplætˌfɔrmz. traɪəlz əv ðə bləd ˈdrægən ɪz ə ˈkrɔˌsoʊvər əv ðə traɪəlz ˈsɪriz ənd fɑr kraɪ 3 bləd ˈdrægən. ðə traɪəlz geɪmz moʊst ˈɔfən hæv pleɪərz ˈdraɪvɪŋ ə θru ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈlɛvəlz, waɪl bləd ˈdrægən ˈfiʧərd ðə ˈgeɪmˌpleɪ əv fɑr kraɪ 3 ɪn ən wərld. ˈkrɪtɪk ˈʤəstɪn klɑrk rivˈjud traɪəlz əv ðə bləd ˈdrægən. hi geɪv ðə ˈkrɔˌsoʊvər ə skɔr əv 7 ənd sɛd, "ju wɪl hæv tɪ kənˈtɛnd wɪθ ˈbɔrdəm ˈdʊrɪŋ ə fju ənrɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˈlɛvəlz, bət ðə geɪmz fən, ˈsteɪʤɪz liv ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˌɪmˈprɛʃən. ˌwəˈtɛvər mæd ˈʤinjəs ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ smæʃ ðə tu ˈsɪriz təˈgɛðər ʃʊd bi kəˈmɛndɪd: ðə mɪks ɪz ˈmoʊstli ə səkˈsɛsfəl wən, ənd wɛr ɪt feɪlz, æt list ˈfeɪljər ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv traɪɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ nu."
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[update] the trials of the blood dragon demo is now available through the uplay store. you have until july 31 to give it a shot and get yourself a free copy of the game if you complete it in 15 faults or less. the original story follows.
if you've wanted to check out trials of the blood dragon, you can download a demo of it for pc later this month. and hey, if you can prove you're pretty dang good at it, ubisoft will give you a free copy of the game.
the demo launches on july 22 through uplay. if you complete it with no more than 15 faults, your reward is a free version of the full game. the demo will also have leaderboards, but it doesn't sound like you'll get anything special for sitting at the top.
trials of the blood dragon is also available on ps4 and xbox one, but the demo challenge won't be available on those platforms.
trials of the blood dragon is a crossover of the trials series and far cry 3: blood dragon. the trials games most often have players driving a dirtbike through increasingly difficult levels, while blood dragon featured the gameplay of far cry 3 in an '80s-inspired cyberpunk world.
gamespot critic justin clark reviewed trials of the blood dragon. he gave the crossover a score of 7 and said, "you will have to contend with boredom during a few unremarkable levels, but the game's fun, mind-boggling stages leave the strongest impression. whatever mad genius decided to smash the two series together should be commended: the mix is mostly a successful one, and where it fails, it’s at least failure in favor of trying something new."
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ðə waɪt haʊs ɔn ˈsənˌdi kleɪmd course”*” ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp ˌɪnˈkludɪd waɪt suˈprɛməsɪsts, ðə ku kləks klæn ənd grups ɪn hɪz ˈsteɪtmənt kənˈdɛmɪŋ ˈvaɪələns æt ə ˈræli ɪn ˈʃɑrlətsˌvɪl, ðoʊ trəmp dɪd nɑt rɪˈfər tɪ ˈɛni əv ðoʊz ˈmuvmənts ɪn hɪz rɪˈmɑrks. ˈprɛzɪdənt sɛd ˈvɛri ˈstrɔŋli ɪn hɪz ˈsteɪtmənt ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ðət hi kənˈdɛmz ɔl fɔrmz əv ˈvaɪələns, ˈbɪgətri ənd hatred,”*,” ə waɪt haʊs ˈspoʊkspərsən toʊld baɪ iˈmeɪl. kɔrs ðət ˌɪnˈkludz waɪt suˈprɛməsɪsts, ˈkeɪˈkeɪˈkeɪ, ənd ɔl ɪkˈstrimɪst groups.”*.” trəmp dɪd nɑt ˌɪnˈklud ˈɛni əv ðoʊz ˈmuvmənts ɪn hɪz rɪˈmɑrks ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˈæftər ˈvaɪələns broʊk aʊt æt ə waɪt ˈnæʃənəlɪst ˈræli ɪn ˈʃɑrlətsˌvɪl, vərˈʤɪnjə, ənd dɪd nɑt sɛnd aʊt ˈɛni ˈsɪgnəʧər ˈfɑloʊˌəp tɪ ðət ˈifɛkt. hi kɔld ðə ˈklæʃɪz ən dɪˈspleɪ əv ˈheɪtrəd, ˈbɪgətri ənd ˈvaɪələns ɔn ˈmɛni sides”*” bət dɪd nɑt ˈɔfər ˈfərðər ˌspɛsəˈfɪsəti ɔn ðət frənt. trəmp ɔn ˈsənˌdi rɪˈmeɪnd ɔn ə vacation”*” æt hɪz gɔlf kləb ɪn ˈbɛdmɪnstər, nu ˈʤərzi.
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the white house on sunday claimed “of course” president donald trump included white supremacists, the ku klux klan and neo-nazi groups in his statement condemning violence at a rally in charlottesville, though trump did not refer to any of those movements in his remarks.
“the president said very strongly in his statement yesterday that he condemns all forms of violence, bigotry and hatred,” a white house spokesperson told tpm by email. “of course that includes white supremacists, kkk, neo-nazi and all extremist groups.”
trump did not include any of those movements in his remarks on saturday after violence broke out at a white nationalist rally in charlottesville, virginia, and did not send out any signature follow-up tweets to that effect.
he called the clashes an “egregious display of hatred, bigotry and violence on many sides” but did not offer further specificity on that front.
trump on sunday remained on a “working vacation” at his golf club in bedminster, new jersey.
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kən ə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlɑbiəst hɛlp sɑlv ðə ˈmɪstəri əv ə sleɪn ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈstæfər? ðə ˈpɛrənts əv sɛθ rɪʧ, ə oʊld ʤuɪʃ ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈnæʃənəl kəˈmɪti ɪmˈplɔɪi huz ˌʤuˈlaɪ 10 ˈmərdər həz jɛt tɪ bi sɑlvd, ər ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˈfɔrsɪz wɪθ ʤæk ˈbərkmən, ə ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl ˈwɔʃɪŋtən rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlɑbiəst, tɪ traɪ ənd reɪz əˈwɛrnəs tɪ ðə keɪs. si ˈɛni pəˈlɪtɪkəl dɪˈmɛnʃən tɪ ðɪs æt all,”*,” ˈbərkmən toʊld ðə ˈfɔrwərd. hi ˌɪnˈtɛndz tɪ hoʊld ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns nɛkst mənθ əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ʤoʊəl ənd ˈmɛri rɪʧ, sɛθ ˈpɛrənts, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kɔl ɔn ðə ˈpəblɪk tɪ kəm ˈfɔrwərd wɪθ ˈɛni ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə keɪs. ˈbərkmən ɪz ˈɔfərɪŋ ə əˈwɔrd fər ˈɛni ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət lidz tɪ ˈriʧɪŋ ðə ˈpərsən bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ. ə ˈpæʃənət pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈæktɪvɪst, rɪʧ wərkt ɛz ə ˈstæfər æt ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz əv ðə ˈdiˌɛnˌsi ənd wɑz ˈʧoʊzən tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˈklɪntən kæmˈpeɪn ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr hi wɑz ˈmərdərd. pəˈlis ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz hæv bɪn əˈneɪbəl tɪ faɪnd ˈɛni klu ɪn ðə keɪs. ˈpɛrənts bɪˈliv hi wɑz ə ˈrændəm ˈvɪktɪm əv ən əˈtɛmptəd ˈrɑbəri ər əv gæŋ ˈvaɪələns, bət ðə ˈmərdər həz fjuəld ˈsɛvərəl kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz traɪɪŋ tɪ taɪ hɪz dɛθ tɪ hɪz wərk æt ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti. ðiz ˈθɪriz, prəˈmoʊtəd, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz, baɪ ˈfɔrmər haʊs ˈspikər nut ˈgɪŋgrɪʧ ənd baɪ ˈfaʊndər ˈʤuljən assange*, ˈɑrgju ðət ˈmərdər hæd tɪ du wɪθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən hi səˈpoʊzədli likt frəm ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti ənd ðət kʊd bi ˈhɑrmfəl tɪ ðə ˈklɪntən kæmˈpeɪn. ðiz kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz ər nɑt bækt baɪ ˈɛni ˈfækʧuəl ˈɛvədəns. ˈbərkmən meɪd klɪr hi dɪz nɑt bɪˈliv ɪn ðiz ˈθɪriz ənd sɛd hi vjuz ðɛm ɛz unhelpful”*” ənd ““nonsense.”*.” hi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðət ðə ˈdiˌɛnˌsi ənd ɪts ˈʧɛrˌwʊmən ˈdɑnə ˈbrɑzaɪl hæv bɪn duɪŋ ðɛr bɛst tɪ traɪ ənd hɛlp sɑlv ðə ˈmɪstəri. soʊ wət brɪŋz ə ˈlɑbiəst tɪ teɪk ɔn, proʊ ˈboʊnoʊ, ən ənˈsɑlvd ˈmərdər ˈmɪstəri əv ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈstæfər? rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlɑbiəst ʤæk ˈbərkmən ʃɛr iˈmeɪl ˈbərkmən sɪz ɪt stɛmz frəm ˈsɪmpəθi tɪ ðə rɪʧ ˈfæməli. θɔt əˈbaʊt maɪ oʊn ˈməðər rɪˈsivɪŋ ə kɔl laɪk ˈməðər dɪd ənd ɪt ˈrɪli hɪt mi, ɪt ʤɪst təgz ɔn jʊr heart.”*.” hi sɛd hi hoʊps ðə ˈmɑnəˌtɛri əˈwɔrd hi ɪz ˈɔfərɪŋ wɪl hɛlp ðə ˈpərsən hu kəmz ˈfɔrwərd muv aʊt əv ˌdiˈsi ənd prəˈtɛkt hɪz laɪf. ɛz ə ˈlɑbiəst, ˈbərkmən ɪz noʊn fər hɪz næk fər ˈkɑntrəˌvərsiz. ən ˈərli səˈpɔrtər əv ʤɛb bʊʃ ɪn ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpraɪˌmɛriz, hi ðɛn ˈimərʤd ɛz wən əv ðə fərst ˈlɑbiɪsts tɪ θroʊ ə ˈfənˌdreɪzər fər ˈdɑnəld trəmp wəns ðə ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən wɑz sɪˈkjʊrd. ˈbərkmən kənˈfərmd ðət ðə ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən fər ˈreɪzɪŋ fəndz fər trəmp wɑz ðə hoʊp tɪ ˈoʊpən dɔrz fər hɪz klaɪənts ɪn ə fˈjuʧər rɪˈpəblɪkən ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ˈleɪtər ɔn ˈpəblɪkli ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd trəmp. hi ˈɔlsoʊ dru əˈtɛnʃən ɪn 2014 baɪ ˈdræftɪŋ ə bɪl eɪmd æt ˈbænɪŋ geɪ ˈfʊtˌbɔl pleɪərz frəm ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl. ˈbərkmən naʊ hoʊps ðət hɪz pərˈsoʊnə wɪl hɛlp əˈtrækt ˈpəblɪk əˈwɛrnəs tɪ ðə rɪʧ ˈmərdər keɪs, ənd ˈpɑsəbli lɛd tɪ ə ˈbreɪkθˌru ɪn ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈneɪθən ˈgətmən æt ər ɔn tˈwɪtər ðɪs ˈstɔri "sɛθ ˈpɛrənts ʤɔɪn rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈdoʊnər ɪn hənt fər ˈbreɪkθˌru ɪn ˈbæfəlɪŋ ˈmərdər" wɑz ˈrɪtən baɪ ˈneɪθən ˈgətmən.
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can a republican lobbyist help solve the mystery of a slain democratic staffer?
the parents of seth rich, a 27-yeas old jewish democratic national committee employee whose july 10 murder has yet to be solved, are joining forces with jack burkman, a high-profile washington republican lobbyist, to try and raise awareness to the case.
“i don’t see any political dimension to this at all,” burkman told the forward. he intends to hold a press conference next month alongside joel and mary rich, seth rich’s parents, in order to call on the public to come forward with any information about the case. burkman is offering a $100,000 award for any information that leads to reaching the person behind the killing.
a passionate political activist, rich worked as a staffer at the washington headquarters of the dnc and was chosen to join the clinton campaign shortly before he was murdered. police investigators have been unable to find any clue in the case.
rich’s parents believe he was a random victim of an attempted robbery or of gang violence, but the murder has fueled several conspiracy theories trying to tie his death to his work at the democratic party. these theories, promoted, among others, by former house speaker newt gingrich and by wikileaks founder julian assange, argue that rich’s murder had to do with information he supposedly leaked from the democratic party and that could be harmful to the clinton campaign. these conspiracy theories are not backed by any factual evidence.
burkman made clear he does not believe in these theories and said he views them as “particularly unhelpful” and “nonsense.” he also said that the dnc and its chairwoman donna brazile have been doing their best to try and help solve the mystery.
so what brings a gop lobbyist to take on, pro bono, an unsolved murder mystery of a democratic staffer?
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burkman says it stems from sympathy to the rich family. “i thought about my own mother receiving a call like seth’s mother did and it really hit me, it just tugs on your heart.”
he said he hopes the monetary award he is offering will help the person who comes forward move out of dc and protect his life.
as a lobbyist, burkman is known for his knack for controversies. an early supporter of jeb bush in the republican primaries, he then emerged as one of the first lobbyists to throw a fundraiser for donald trump once the nomination was secured. burkman confirmed that the motivation for raising funds for trump was the hope to open doors for his clients in a future republican administration. burkaman later on publicly criticized trump. he also drew attention in 2014 by drafting a bill aimed at banning gay football players from the nfl.
burkman now hopes that his persona will help attract public awareness to the rich murder case, and possibly lead to a breakthrough in the investigation.
contact nathan guttman at guttman@forward.com or on twitter @nathanguttman
this story "seth rich’s parents join republican donor in hunt for breakthrough in baffling murder" was written by nathan guttman.
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ˈɔstən (kxan*) 911 kɔlz riˈlist baɪ ðə ˈɔstən pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈditeɪl ðə ˈfaɪəri ˈæftərˌmæθ əv ə kræʃ ðət kɪld fɔr mɛn ɔn ˈsənˌdi, ˈɔgəst. 30 "oʊ maɪ gɑd, ɪt kræʃt θru ðə wɔl," sɪz wən ˈwʊmən hu kɔld 911 tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ə faɪər ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ðə ˈɑrbər wɔk ˈʃɑpɪŋ ˈsɛnər ɪn nɔrθ ˈɔstən. ɛz ðə ˈkɔlər meɪd hər weɪ ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə kɑr, ʃi ˈnoʊtɪst ðɛr wɑz ˈsəmˌwən ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə kɑr. "jʊr goʊɪŋ tɪ nid ə ˈkɔrənər." pəˈlis seɪ ðə ˈdraɪvər ɪn ə waɪt 2008 ˈnisɑn ˈɑlˌtɪmə wɑz ˈtrævəlɪŋ ˈistˌbaʊnd ɔn nɔrθ ˈkæpɪtəl əv ˈtɛksəs ˈhaɪˌweɪ wɪn hi kræʃt ˈɪntu ðə rɪˈteɪnɪŋ wɔl əv ðə ˈnɔrθbaʊnd ˈfrəntɪʤ roʊd əv nɔrθ mopac*. wəns ðə ˈviɪkəl kræʃt θru ðə ˈbɛriər, ɪt wɛnt ˈɛrˌbɔrn ənd kræʃt ˈɪntu ə ˈbɪldɪŋ bɪˈloʊ ənd bərst ˈɪntu fleɪmz. ðə ˈtrævɪs ˈkaʊnti ˈmɛdɪkəl ɛgˈzæmənərz ˈɔfəs sɪz ðeɪ hæv nɑt ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkəli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ðə ˈbɑdiz, bət ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz tɛl nuz ðə dɪˈsist ər: jɑˈkoʊboʊ ˈgælɪgoʊz, 21 ˈdænjəl ˈrubioʊ, 28 ˈpeɪdroʊ ˈægəlɑr, 24 ənd ˈkrɪsʧɪn hərˈnændɛz.
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austin (kxan) -- 911 calls released by the austin police department detail the fiery aftermath of a crash that killed four men on sunday, aug. 30.
"oh my god, it crashed through the wall," says one woman who called 911 to report a fire coming from the arbor walk shopping center in north austin. as the caller made her way closer to the car, she noticed there was someone inside the car. "you're going to need a coroner."
police say the driver in a white 2008 nissan altima was traveling eastbound on north capital of texas highway when he crashed into the retaining wall of the northbound frontage road of north mopac. once the vehicle crashed through the barrier, it went airborne and crashed into a building below and burst into flames.
the travis county medical examiner's office says they have not scientifically identified the bodies, but family members tell kxan news the deceased are: jacobo gallegos, 21; daniel rubio, 28; pedro aguilar, 24; and christian hernandez.
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ən ˈɛnərʤi trænˈzɪʃən həz ˈbeɪgən, bət ɪts ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt ðə wən ju ˌɪˈmæʤənd. kən wi ɔɪl? ˈændru spiks ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ rɛd mɔr əˈnaʊnsmɛnts, ɪˈvɛnts mɔr frəm ənd səˈlɛkt ˈpɑrtnərz tɪ ðə gut’*’ mˈjuzɪkəl ɔn ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl skulz rɪˈtərnz tɪ vænˈkuvər ˈʧɪldrən əv gɑd həz bɪn ʃeɪpt baɪ ˌɪnˈtɛns ˈɔdiəns riˈækʃənz, sɪz dɪˈrɛktər ˈkɔri peɪɛt. ɪt maɪt hæv ən ˈəgli ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl feɪs, ən əˌθɔrəˈtɛriən pəˈlɪtɪkəl mæsk ər kəm ɪn ðə gaɪz əv ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk dɪsˈjunjən. bət ɪt ˈprɑbəˌbli woʊnt lʊk laɪk ə ˈsoʊlər ˈpænəl ər ə ˈwɪndˌmɪl. ənd ɪt woʊnt ˌɪnˈklud flaɪɪŋ kɑz ər ˌəndərˈsi hoʊmz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ noʊ wən ˈrɪli noʊz wɛr ðə gloʊbz ˈɛnərʤi mɪks ɪz ˈhɛdɪd ər haʊ ɪt wɪl ʃeɪp ɑr lɪvz ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər, ˈɛnərʤi ˈɛkspərts naʊ ˈɔfər ə dɪˈvərsɪti əv ˈfɔrˌkæsts, ˈstɔriz ənd ˈwɔrnɪŋz. ðɛr prəˈnaʊnsmənts ər boʊθ mɪθ ˈbəstɪŋ ɪf nɑt ˈstɑrtlɪŋ. wɪn ɪˈkɑnəmiz ʃrɪŋk ʤɛf ˈrubɪn, ðə ˈfɔrmər ʧif ɪˈkɑnəmɪst fər cibc*, ˈɑrgjuz ðət "ðə nu grin" wɪl nɑt bi ˈɛndləs əreɪz əv ˈsoʊlər ˈpænəlz ər ˈwɪndˌmɪlz bət lɛs ɔɪl ənd sˈmɔlər ɪˈkɑnəmiz. ˈmikəl hʊk, ən ˈænəlɪst æt sˈwidənz dɪˈpliʃən grup, goʊz ˈfərðər ənd ˈɑrgjuz ðət ˈɛni ˈɔrdərli ˈɛnərʤi trænˈzɪʃən maɪt naʊ bi ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl bɪˈkəz ˈsɪmpli kænt groʊ ɛz fæst ɛz ɔɪl. hi ˈɔlsoʊ wɔrnz ðət ɔl ˈsɪtɪzənz ʃʊd priˈpɛr fər "haɪ ənd ˈlaɪkli ˈvɑlətəl ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz," ənd ðət ˈgəvərnmənts ʃʊd bi "ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪŋ ðɛr ˈsɪtɪzənri əv ðə rɪsk əv kənˈtrækʃən tɪ ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz pəˈtɛnʃəl fˈjuʧər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɪskɔrd." krɪs ˈtərnər, səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti ˈʤərnəlɪst, bɪˈlivz ðət ən ˈɔrdərli ˈɛnərʤi lip kən bi meɪd bət pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈlidərz ənd ðə ˈstætəs kwoʊ ˈɑrənt ʃoʊɪŋ məʧ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈtrænzɪt ər riˈnuəbəl fɔrmz əv ˈɛnərʤi æt list ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə. ˈʤoʊzəf ˈteɪntər, ðə juz. ˌænθrəˈpɑləʤɪst ənd hɪˈstɔriən, səˈʤɛsts ðət ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən həz klaɪmd ə tɔl ˈspaɪrəl ˈstɛrˌkeɪs əv ˈɛnərʤi kəmˈplɛksɪti wɪˈθaʊt noʊɪŋ haʊ fɑr wi kən goʊ wɪθ ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz wi hæv æt hænd. hi wɔrnz ðət ɪt teɪks ˈɛnərʤi tɪ sɑlv ˈkɑmplɛks ˈprɑbləmz ənd hi ˈdəzənt θɪŋk soʊˈsaɪɪti kən ˌvɑlənˈtɛrəli kət bæk ɔn ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz. ˈvɑˌklɑv, ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə ˈrisərʧər ənd wən əv ðə wərldz greɪt ˈɛnərʤi ˈænəlɪsts, bɪˈlivz ðət ˈɛnərʤi əˈbisəti ɪz ðə ˈmɔrəl ˈprɑbləm ənd proʊˈskraɪbz ə daɪət kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv frut səʧ ɛz ɪˈfɪʃənt ˈfərˌnəsɪz ənd haɪ spid treɪnz. ˈdəgləs ˈrɛnəldz, ən ɪˈkɑnəmɪst ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr æt ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv əˈlæskə ˈfɛrbəŋks, kɔlz ðə kəˈlæps əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən ə dɑrk ˈɛnərʤi trænˈzɪʃən ənd wən kəmˈplitli unforetold*. wɪn ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən kəˈlæpst frəm 12 ˈmɪljən tɪ faɪv ˈmɪljən ˈbɛrəlz ə deɪ ˈæftər 1989 ðə bərˈlɪn wɔl fɛl, ðə rɪʧ gɑt ˈrɪʧər, ðə ˈistərn ˈjunjən dɪˈzɑlvd ənd ðə ˈwɔrˌsɔ pækt ˈkrəmbəld. ənd ðæts ʤɪst ə ˈsæmplɪŋ əv ðə ˈvɔɪsɪz ənd aɪˈdiəz jul rɛd ɪn ðɪs ˈsɪriz ɔn ˈɛnərʤi trænˈzɪʃənz. ɪn ðə nɛkst ˈkəpəl əv wiks wɪl teɪk ə hɑrd lʊk æt ðə mɪθs, ðə fækts ənd səm ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ truθs əˈbaʊt ˈdərti ɔɪlz, ənˈsərtən ənd ˈkɑntræktɪŋ ɪˈkɑnəmiz. wɛr wi ər naʊ bət ˌbiˈfɔr wi kən tɔk əˈbaʊt ʧeɪnʤ, ˌɛvəˈluʃən, ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ər ʤɪst pleɪn ˌdɪsəˈluʃən, wi nid tɪ əˈpriʃiˌeɪt wɛr wi ər ɪn ðə ˈɛnərʤi wərld. ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈgloʊbəl ˈɛnərʤi ˈpɪkʧər ɪz wət noʊˈbɛl ˈlɔriət ˈrɪʧərd sˈmɑli wəns kɔld ðə ˈʧælənʤ." ənd ɪt kəmz wɪθ noʊ ˈkəmfərtəbəl ˈænsərz. wəts ə? ɪt ɪz ðə ˈævərɪʤ reɪt æt wɪʧ ˈɛnərʤi ɪz riˈlist ɪn ðə ˈbərnɪŋ əv faɪv ˈbɪljən ˈbɛrəlz əv ɔɪl ˈdʊrɪŋ ə jɪr. ðə wərld ˈjuzɪz ɔn ə kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ˈbeɪsɪs əˈbaʊt 17 əv ˈɛnərʤi ɪn ðə fɔrm əv koʊl, gæs, ɔɪl ənd ˈnukliər paʊər. pər sɛnt əv ðət wərk kəmz frəm ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz. ɪn fækt, ɔɪl prəˈvaɪdz 37 pər sɛnt əv ðə ˈɛnərʤi mɪks ənd əˈkaʊnts fər 90 pər sɛnt əv ɔl ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən fjuəlz. ɪts ðə əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈɛnərʤi ˈsɪstəm. riˈnuəbəl ər grin fɔrmz əv ˈɛnərʤi səʧ ɛz ˈhaɪˌdroʊ ənd wʊd kənˈtrɪbjut sˈlaɪtli mɔr ðən wən. wɪnd, ˈsoʊlər ənd ˈbɛrli əˈpɪr ɔn ðə ʧɑrt. (wən, baɪ ðə weɪ, ɪz ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈɛnərʤi ðə wərld kənˈsumd ɪn 1890 naʊ ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ ənd ˈɛnərʤi kənˈsəmʃən ɪz ˈprɪti dɪˈrɛkt, ɪf nɑt ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl. ˈkəntriz ðət spɛnd lɑts əv ˈɛnərʤi, ənd ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɔɪl, tɛnd tɪ bi ˈwɛlθiər ðən ðoʊz ðət doʊnt. "ʤɪst ɛz haɪər ˌmɛtəˈbɑlɪk reɪts ər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ səˈsteɪn ənd groʊ ˈlɑrʤər, mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ˈbɑdiz, soʊ haɪər reɪts əv ˈɛnərʤi kənˈsəmʃən ər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ səˈsteɪn ənd groʊ ˈlɑrʤər, mɔr dɪˈvɛləpt ɪˈkɑnəmiz ðət prəˈvaɪd ˈgreɪtər ˈlɛvəlz əv ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd haɪər ˈstændərdz əv ˈlɪvɪŋ," ɪkˈspleɪnz ə grup əv ˈsaɪəntɪsts ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl ˌbaɪoʊˈsaɪəns ɪn 2011 ˈivɪn ɪz ˈstrɔŋli lɪŋkt tɪ ɔɪl ˈspɛndɪŋ. ɪn ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ɛnˈtaɪtəld "ˌɛnərˈʤɛtɪk ˈlɪmɪts tɪ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ" ðə ˈsaɪəntɪsts æd ðət ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈɛnərʤi daɪət wʊd ˈlaɪkli kənˈstrɪkt ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈsɪstəm. "ˈgræʤuəli rɪˈdusɪŋ ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz fud səˈplaɪ lidz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli tɪ ˌfɪziəˈlɑʤɪkəl əˈʤəstmənts, bət ðɛn tɪ dɛθ frəm stɑrˈveɪʃən, wɛl ˌbiˈfɔr ɔl fud səˈplaɪz hæv bɪn ɪgˈzɔstɪd," seɪ ðə ˈsaɪəntɪsts. ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə daɪət naʊ ˈɛvriˌwən hu baɪz ˈgæsəˌlin noʊz ðət ðə ˈɪrə əv ʧip ɔɪl ɪz ˈoʊvər ənd ðət ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈfilɪŋ ðə pɪnʧ. ˈbɪznɪs ɛz ˈjuʒəwəl ɪz nɑt ˈwərkɪŋ. ˈdɪfəkəlt ˌhaɪdroʊˈkɑrbənz səʧ ɛz ˌbɪˈtumən ənd dip si ɔɪl ər naʊ rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ ˈizi ɔɪl, ənd ðət ʃɪft əˈloʊn ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə drəˈmætɪk ənd ˈlɪtəl ˈhɛrəldɪd ˈɛnərʤi trænˈzɪʃən. ðə ˈkɑrbən, ˈkæpɪtəl ənd ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈfʊtˌprɪnt əv ðiz ˈdɪfəkəlt ər loʊ kˈwɑləti krudz ər ˈbɪgər ənd mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ðən laɪt ɔɪl. æt ðə seɪm taɪm moʊst ˈsɪtɪzənz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ɪn riˈnuəbəl fɔrmz əv ˈɛnərʤi rɪˈmeɪn smɔl, ˈkɔstli ənd dɪˈspərst. mɔˈroʊvər ðeɪ ˈproʊdus ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti, nɑt ˈlɪkwɪd fjuəl. soʊ ðæts ðə fərst ˈʧælənʤ. haʊ dɪz ə soʊˈsaɪɪti meɪnˈteɪn ən ɪkˈspɛnsɪv 17 daɪət wɪn ðə kɔst əv ɪts ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈɛnərʤi səˈplaɪ hɪts ˈtrɪpəl ˈdɪʤɪts ənd ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld riˈpleɪsmənts ər ˈniðər ɛz ˈvərsətəl ər ˈpɔrtəbəl ɛz ɔɪl? bət hɪrz əˈnəðər twɪst. ɪf ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld wər tɪ əˈdɑpt ðə ˈlaɪfˌstaɪlz əv ðə ˈævərɪʤ nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən hu naʊ kənˈsumz 24 ˈbɛrəlz əv ɔɪl (ənd lɑts mɔr ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti) ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ə ˈfaɪvˌfoʊld ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈɛnərʤi kənˈsəmʃən. ðæts 77. tɪ ˌɛnərˈteɪn ə ˈgloʊbəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ˈbɪljən ɪn 2050 ɔn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈstændərdz ˈməltəˌplaɪz ðə ˈʧælənʤ əˈgɛn. səʧ ə ˈpɑləsi wʊd teɪk əˈnəðər 268 ər 16 taɪmz ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈlɛvəl əv ˈɛnərʤi ˈspɛndɪŋ. (ʤɪst tɪ ˈɛnərˌʤaɪz naɪn ˈbɪljən ˈpipəl ˈlɪvɪŋ æt ˈkɑrənt ʧaɪˈniz ˈstændərdz wʊd teɪk æt list 34 ər ə nɪr ˈtrɪpəlɪŋ əv ˈkɑrənt reɪts.) ðiz ənˈgeɪnli ˈfɪgjərz ˌɪnˈvaɪt ˈsɛvərəl mɔr conundrums*. ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈɛnərʤi ðət kən bi ˈhɑrvəstɪd frəm ðə ˈplænət ɔn ən ˈænjuəl ˈbeɪsɪs ɪz əˈbaʊt 77. soʊ ˈɛni ˈbɪznɪs ɛz ˈjuʒəwəl keɪs beɪst ɔn ɪkˈspɔrtɪŋ nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɛnərʤi ˈlaɪfˌstaɪlz tɪ ˈʧaɪnə ənd ˈɪndiə ˈtoʊtəli bəsts ðə wərldz ˈɛnərʤi bæŋk. ə θərd ˈprɑbləm ərˈaɪzɪz frəm ðə ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk pəˈluʃən kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈbərnɪŋ əv ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ˈoʊvər mɔr ðən 150 jɪrz. tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ ənd ˈrənəˌweɪ ˈoʊʃən əˌsɪdəfəˈkeɪʃən, ˈsaɪəntɪsts ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ðət soʊˈsaɪɪti rikˈwaɪərz ə ˈmæsɪv ˈɛnərʤi kənˈvərʒən tɪ bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. səʧ ə ˈproʊˌgræm minz kənˈvərtɪŋ ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈɛnərʤi ˈbəʤɪt əv 17 frəm ˈmoʊstli ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz tɪ 14 frəm wɪˈθɪn 25 jɪrz. səʧ ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən wʊd rɪˈdus ðə ˈfɑsəl fjuəl ʃɛr əv ðə ˈɛnərʤi mɪks tɪ əˈbaʊt θri ə deɪ. wɪnd fɑrm ˈkɑntənənts? bət ɪz səʧ ə fit ˈivɪn ˈpɑsəbəl ˈgɪvɪn loʊ ˈproʊˌfaɪl ˈɛnərʤi ɪn ə wərld? ðə juz. ˌɪnˈvɛntər ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr sɔl ˈgrɪfɪθ ˈkælkjəˌleɪts ðət ðət wərld wʊd hæv tɪ ˌɪnˈdəstriəˌlaɪz ə ˈlændˌmæs ðə saɪz əv ɔˈstreɪljə wɪθ wɪnd fɑrmz, ˈsoʊlər əreɪz ənd ˈælʤi ˈfæktəriz tɪ əˈʧiv səʧ ə ˈklaɪmɪt ˌsteɪbələˈzeɪʃən goʊl. hi kɔlz ðɪs ənˈmeɪd ɔlˈtərnətɪv ʤiˈɑgrəfi "renewistan*," ənd kəmˈpɛrz ðə skeɪl əv ðə ɪnˈdɛvər tɪ ˈgɪtɪŋ ɔl ðə kəmˈbætənts ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd wərld wɔr ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɔn ðə seɪm saɪd fər 25 jɪrz ɪn ə roʊ. fju ɛnˈvaɪrənˌmɛnəlɪsts əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðə ˈmægnəˌtud ər ðə kɔst əv ðɪs ˈʧælənʤ. ɪn ðə ɛnd, ðɛr ər ˈsɛvərəl ˈdɪfərənt weɪz əv ˈænsərɪŋ ðə ˈʧælənʤ. ðə ˈplɪtɪkli kərˈɛkt ənd ˈdɑmənənt əˈproʊʧ ɪz dɪˈnaɪəl. bət wən weɪ ər əˈnəðər ðə gloʊb məst ˌɪnˈkris ˈiðər riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi səˈplaɪz, ˈdiˌkris ˈfɑsəl fjuəl juz ər loʊər ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈlɛvəlz. ər əˈʧiv ɔl θri ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli. bət ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈneɪʃənz ʧuz ər dɪˈnaɪ, ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈsɪtɪzənz feɪs jɪrz əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌvɑləˈtɪləti ɪn ðə jɪrz əˈhɛd. ənd ðə fərst θɪŋ wi nid tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ ənd ˌəndərˈstænd əˈbaʊt ˈɛnərʤi trænˈzɪʃənz ɪz ðət ðeɪ du nɑt əraɪv ˈfʊli fɔrmd ər ɪn pəˈlaɪt ˈkloʊðɪŋ. ðə lɔŋ swɪʧ frəm wʊd tɪ koʊl wɑz ˈdrɪvən baɪ ðə ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk dɪˌfɔrɪˈsteɪʃən əv ˈjʊrəp waɪl ðə ˈdɪfəkəlt ʃɪft frəm ˈjumən sˈleɪvəri tɪ ˌɪˈnænəmət sleɪvz ˈɛnərˌʤaɪzd baɪ stim tʊk wən əv ðə wərldz moʊst drəˈmætɪk ˈproʊˌtɛst ˈmuvmənts: ˌæbəˈlɪʃən. ˈriəlɪzm ənd hoʊp ˈhɪstəri ʃoʊz ðət ˈɛnərʤi trænˈzɪʃənz ər ˌɪnˈvɛriəbli ə wərst ˈnaɪtˌmɛr ər ə bɛst aɪˈdiə: ðeɪ ər proʊˈtræktɪd, ˈdɪfəkəlt ənd ˌənprɪˈdɪktəbəl. ənd wən mɔr θɪŋ: ˈɛnərʤi trænˈzɪʃənz ər ˈɔfən raɪp wɪθ ˈkɑnflɪkt. ɔl ðə mɔr ˈrizən tɪ bɪˈgɪn təˈdeɪ ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ənd ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðət trænˈzɪʃən, ənd soʊ ðɪs ɪz ðə fərst əv ˈmɛni ˈɑrtɪkəlz tɪ kəm ɪn ə ˈsɪriz wi ər ˈkɔlɪŋ "ðə bɪg ʃɪft" ə ˌɛksplərˈeɪʃən əv wət ˈlɪmɪts wi feɪs ɪn ɑr ˈfɑsəl fjuəl ˈɛnərʤi səˈplaɪz, ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl əv grin ˈɛnərʤi, ðə rɪˈzɪljəns əv ɑr səˈsaɪɪtiz, ðə frəˈʤɪləti əv ɑr pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈsɪstəmz. ðɪs ˈsɪriz siks tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈmɪrli ðə moʊst ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd wɛl ˈgraʊndɪd æˈnælɪˌsiz əˈveɪləbəl. ðɛrz noʊ ˈjusfəlnəs ɪn ˈʃʊgər ˈkoʊtɪŋ ðət prəˈdusɪz fɔls ˈɑptɪˌmɪzəm ðət ɪn tərn maɪt ləl ˈjuˈɛs ˈɪntu kəmˈpleɪsənsi æt ə ˈmoʊmənt wɪn ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ʃɪfts məst bi ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ənd ˈnævəˌgeɪtɪd. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, hoʊp bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈʧælənʤɪz wi feɪs ənd ðə ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ðeɪ ˈprɛzənt. wəns geɪʤd wɪθ ˈklɛrɪti, wi kən gɪt ɔn wɪθ ðə tæsk æt hænd, ˈmɪnəˌmaɪzɪŋ ðə rɪsk ənd ˈhɑrdʃɪp ðət ˈɛni bɪg ʃɪft ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ɪnˈteɪlz. lʊk fər ˈændru rɪˈpɔrts ɔn "ðə bɪg ʃɪft" ˈɛvəri wik ɪn ðə frəm naʊ tɪ ˈsəmər. nɛkst wik: ˈvɑˌklɑv ɔn trænˈzɪʃənz.
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an energy transition has begun, but it's probably not the one you imagined.
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it might have an ugly financial face, an authoritarian political mask or come in the guise of geographic disunion.
but it probably won't look like a solar panel or a windmill. and it won't include flying cars or undersea homes.
although no one really knows where the globe's energy mix is headed or how it will shape our lives in the future, energy experts now offer a diversity of forecasts, stories and warnings.
their pronouncements are both myth busting if not startling.
when economies shrink
jeff rubin, the former chief economist for cibc, argues that "the new green" will not be endless arrays of solar panels or windmills but less oil and smaller economies.
mikal hook, an analyst at sweden's uppsala depletion group, goes further and argues that any orderly energy transition might now be impossible because renewables simply can't grow as fast as oil.
he also warns that all citizens should prepare for "high and likely volatile oil prices," and that governments should be "educating their citizenry of the risk of contraction to minimize potential future social discord."
chris turner, calgary's sustainability journalist, believes that an orderly energy leap can be made but political leaders and the status quo aren't showing much interest in public transit or renewable forms of energy at least in north america.
joseph tainter, the u.s. anthropologist and historian, suggests that civilization has climbed a tall spiral staircase of energy complexity without knowing how far we can go with the resources we have at hand.
he warns that it takes energy to solve complex problems and he doesn't think society can voluntarily cut back on fossil fuels.
vaclav smil, a university of manitoba researcher and one of the world's great energy analysts, believes that energy obesity is the moral problem and proscribes a diet consisting of low-hanging fruit such as efficient furnaces and high speed trains.
douglas reynolds, an economist and engineer at university of alaska fairbanks, calls the collapse of the soviet union a dark energy transition and one completely unforetold.
when oil production collapsed from 12 million to five million barrels a day after 1989, the berlin wall fell, the rich got richer, the eastern union dissolved and the warsaw pact crumbled.
and that's just a sampling of the voices and ideas you'll read in this series on energy transitions. in the next couple of weeks we'll take a hard look at the myths, the facts and some enduring truths about dirty oils, uncertain renewables and contracting economies.
where we are now
but before we can talk about change, evolution, innovation or just plain dissolution, we need to appreciate where we are in the energy world.
the basic global energy picture is what nobel laureate richard smalley once called the "terawatt challenge." and it comes with no comfortable answers.
what's a terawatt? it is the average rate at which energy is released in the burning of five billion barrels of oil during a year.
the world uses on a continuing basis about 17 terawatts of energy in the form of coal, gas, oil and nuclear power. eighty-five per cent of that work comes from fossil fuels. in fact, oil provides 37 per cent of the energy mix and accounts for 90 per cent of all transportation fuels. it's the lynchpin of the global energy system.
renewable or green forms of energy such as hydro and wood contribute slightly more than one terawatt. wind, solar and biofuels barely appear on the chart. (one terawatt, by the way, is the amount of energy the world consumed in 1890.)
now the relationship between economic growth and energy consumption is pretty direct, if not fundamental. countries that spend lots of energy, and particularly oil, tend to be wealthier than those that don't.
"just as higher metabolic rates are required to sustain and grow larger, more complex bodies, so higher rates of energy consumption are required to sustain and grow larger, more developed economies that provide greater levels of technological development and higher standards of living," explains a group of scientists in the journal bioscience in 2011. even gdp is strongly linked to oil spending.
in an article entitled "energetic limits to economic growth" the scientists add that a global energy diet would likely constrict the economic system. "gradually reducing an individual's food supply leads initially to physiological adjustments, but then to death from starvation, well before all food supplies have been exhausted," say the scientists.
changing the diet
now everyone who buys gasoline knows that the era of cheap oil is over and that is already feeling the pinch. business as usual is not working.
difficult hydrocarbons such as bitumen and deep sea oil are now replacing easy oil, and that shift alone represents a dramatic and little heralded energy transition.
the carbon, capital and environmental footprint of these difficult or low quality crudes are bigger and more complex than light oil.
at the same time most citizens also recognize that investments in renewable forms of energy remain small, costly and dispersed. moreover they produce electricity, not liquid fuel.
so that's the first challenge. how does a society maintain an expensive 17 terawatt diet when the cost of its primary energy supply hits triple digits and the so-called replacements are neither as versatile or portable as oil?
but here's another twist. if the rest of the world were to adopt the lifestyles of the average north american who now consumes 24 barrels of oil (and lots more electricity) civilization would require a fivefold increase in energy consumption. that's 77 terawatts.
to entertain a global population of 9.5 billion in 2050 on north americans standards multiplies the challenge again.
such a policy would take another 268 terawatts or 16 times the current level of energy spending. (just to energize nine billion people living at current chinese standards would take at least 34 terawatts or a near tripling of current rates.)
these ungainly figures invite several more conundrums. the amount of energy that can be harvested from the planet on an annual basis is about 77 terawatts. so any business as usual case based on exporting north american energy lifestyles to china and india totally busts the world's energy bank.
a third problem arises from the atmospheric pollution created by the burning of fossil fuels over more than 150 years. to avoid catastrophic global warming and runaway ocean acidification, scientists calculate that society requires a massive energy conversion to renewables beginning yesterday.
such a program means converting the current energy budget of 17 terawatts from mostly fossil fuels to 14 terawatts from renewables within 25 years. such a revolution would reduce the fossil fuel share of the energy mix to about three terawatts a day.
wind farm continents?
but is such a feat even possible given renewables low profile energy in a debt-ridden world?
the u.s. inventor and engineer saul griffith calculates that that world would have to industrialize a landmass the size of australia with wind farms, solar arrays and algae biofuel factories to achieve such a climate stabilization goal.
he calls this unmade alternative geography "renewistan," and compares the scale of the endeavor to getting all the combatants in the second world war fighting on the same side for 25 years in a row. few environmentalists appreciate the magnitude or the cost of this challenge.
in the end, there are several different ways of answering the terawatt challenge. the politically correct and dominant approach is denial. but one way or another the globe must increase either renewable energy supplies, decrease fossil fuel use or lower population levels. or achieve all three simultaneously.
but whatever nations choose or deny, ordinary citizens face years of political and economic volatility in the years ahead.
and the first thing we need to acknowledge and understand about energy transitions is that they do not arrive fully formed or in polite clothing.
the long switch from wood to coal was driven by the systematic deforestation of europe while the difficult shift from human slavery to inanimate slaves energized by steam took one of the world's most dramatic protest movements: abolition.
realism and hope
history shows that energy transitions are invariably a utopian's worst nightmare or a novelist's best idea: they are protracted, difficult and unpredictable.
and one more thing: energy transitions are often ripe with conflict.
all the more reason to begin today thinking and talking about that transition, and so this is the first of many articles to come in a series we are calling "the big shift" -- a clear-eyed exploration of what limits we face in our fossil fuel energy supplies, the potential of green energy, the resilience of our societies, the fragility of our political systems.
this series seeks to provide merely the most realistic information and well grounded analyses available. there's no usefulness in sugar coating that produces false optimism that in turn might lull us into complacency at a moment when critical technological and political shifts must be anticipated and navigated. at the same time, hope begins with recognizing the challenges we face and the opportunities they present. once gauged with clarity, we can get on with the task at hand, minimizing the risk and hardship that any big shift necessarily entails.
look for andrew nikiforuk's reports on "the big shift" every week in the tyee from now to summer.
next week: vaclav smil on transitions.
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aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər haʊ aɪ ərˈɪʤənəli ˈstəmbəld əˈkrɔs ðɪs, bət ˈlʊkɪŋ θru maɪ ‘‘embedded’*’ ˈbʊkmɑrks aɪ wɑz riˈmaɪndɪd əv ðɪs ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ənd ˈrɛlətɪvli ækˈsɛsəbəl ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ ˈbeɪsɪk ˈsɛnsərz. ˈrəðər ðən ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ˈsɛnsərz, ðoʊ (ˈtɛmpərəʧər, hjuˈmɪdəti, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.), ɪt ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn ˈsəmθɪŋ məʧ mɔr ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ðə weɪz ðət ˈmɛni ˈsɛnsərz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈmɛʒər θɪŋz (ˈviə rɪˈzɪstəns, kəˈpæsətəns, ˌɪnˈdəktəns, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.). ɪf ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈpraɪmər əv ðə ædˈvæntɪʤ ənd ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤz əv ˈdɪfərənt weɪz əv ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl wərld əraʊnd ˈjuˈɛs (ˈvɪzəbəl ər nɑt), ðɪs ɪz ɛz gʊd ə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt ɛz ˈɛni! hɛd ˈoʊvər tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ ˈsɛnsərz baɪ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈɛksɪtər fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. stɑp ənd ˈsɑdərɪŋ stɑrt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli! ˈsərkət ˈpleɪˌgraʊnd ɪz wɪθ leds*, ˈsɛnsərz, ˈbətənz, ˈæləˌgeɪtər klɪp pædz ənd mɔr. bɪld ˈprɑʤɛkts wɪθ ˈsərkət ˈpleɪˌgraʊnd ɪn ə fju ˈmɪnəts wɪθ ðə ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ saɪt, lərn kəmˈpjutər saɪəns ˈjuzɪŋ ðə dɪˈskəvəriz klæs ɔn code.org*, ʤəmp ˈɪntu tɪ lərn ˈpaɪθɑn ənd ˈhɑrdˌwɛr təˈgɛðər, ər ˈivɪn juz aɪd. ˈsərkət ˈpleɪˌgraʊnd ɪkˈsprɛs ɪz ðə nuəst ənd bɛst ˈsərkət ˈpleɪˌgraʊnd bɔrd, wɪθ səˈpɔrt fər,, ənd. ɪt həz ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈprɑˌsɛsər, 10 neopixels*, ˈmɪni ˈspikər, ˌɪnfrərˈɛd rɪˈsiv ənd trænzˈmɪt, tu ˈbətənz, ə swɪʧ, 14 ˈæləˌgeɪtər klɪp pædz, ənd lɑts əv ˈsɛnsərz: təʧ, prɑkˈsɪməti, ˈtɛmpərəʧər, laɪt, ˈmoʊʃən ənd saʊnd. ə hoʊl waɪd wərld əv ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks ənd ˈkoʊdɪŋ ɪz ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ju, ənd ɪt fɪts ɪn ðə pɑm əv jʊr hænd. ʤɔɪn ˈmeɪkərz ɔn ˈdɪskɔrd ˈʧænəlz ənd bi pɑrt əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti! 2019 hæv ən əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkt tɪ ʃɛr? ʤɔɪn ðə ˈɛvəri ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt æt ɛt ɔn ˈgugəl+ ˈhæˌŋaʊts. ʤɔɪn ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛvəri ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt æt ɛt fər æsk ən ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr! ˈfɑloʊ ɔn fər tɔp ˈsikrɪt nu ˈprɑdəkts, bɪˈhaɪndz ðə sinz ənd mɔr https://www.instagram.com/adafruit*/
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i remember how i originally stumbled across this, but looking through my ‘embedded’ bookmarks i was reminded of this interesting and relatively accessible introduction to basic sensors. rather than focusing on sensors, though (temperature, humidity, etc.), it focuses on something much more interesting … the ways that many sensors actually measure things (via resistance, capacitance, inductance, etc.). if looking for a basic primer of the advantage and disadvantages of different ways of measuring the physical world around us (visible or not), this is as good a starting point as any! head over to introduction to sensors by the university of exeter for more information.
stop breadboarding and soldering start making immediately! adafruit’s circuit playground is jam-packed with leds, sensors, buttons, alligator clip pads and more. build projects with circuit playground in a few minutes with the drag-and-drop makecode programming site, learn computer science using the cs discoveries class on code.org, jump into circuitpython to learn python and hardware together, or even use arduino ide. circuit playground express is the newest and best circuit playground board, with support for makecode, circuitpython, and arduino. it has a powerful processor, 10 neopixels, mini speaker, infrared receive and transmit, two buttons, a switch, 14 alligator clip pads, and lots of sensors: capacitive touch, ir proximity, temperature, light, motion and sound. a whole wide world of electronics and coding is waiting for you, and it fits in the palm of your hand.
join 10,000+ makers on adafruit’s discord channels and be part of the community! http://adafru.it/discord
circuitpython 2019!
have an amazing project to share? join the show-and-tell every wednesday night at 7:30pm et on google+ hangouts.
join us every wednesday night at 8pm et for ask an engineer!
follow adafruit on instagram for top secret new products, behinds the scenes and more https://www.instagram.com/adafruit/
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baɪ naʊ ju noʊ ðə drɪl: ˌɪnˈkris ðə hit ənd hjuˈmɪdəti, ənd wi ˌɪnˈkris ɑr stɔrm ˈʧænsɪz, tu. ɔl ɪt teɪks ɪz ə ˈtrɪgər tɪ ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪt ðə kənˈvɛkʃən (ˈvaɪələnt ˈəpwərd ˈmoʊʃən əv ˈsərfəs ɛr ˈpɑrsəlz), ənd əˈweɪ ðeɪ goʊ. ðiz ˈtrɪgərz kən teɪk ˈmɛni fɔrmz: ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ə frənt, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ə trɔf əv loʊ ˈprɛʃər, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ə leɪk briz (ˈbeɪsɪkli, ə frənt ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɪnˌlænd frəm ðə ˈkoʊldər greɪt leɪks), ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ʤɪst ə laɪn əv haɪər ˈmɔɪsʧər ər ə ˈlɪtəl ˈəpər ˈlɛvəl dɪˈstərbəns. ɪn ðə keɪs əv ðɪs ˈivnɪŋ, ə təŋ əv haɪər ˈmɔɪsʧər əˈkrɔs ˈwɛstərn ˈmɪʃɪgən həz ˌɪgˈnaɪtɪd ə laɪn əv ˈθəndərˌstɔrmz ðət wɪl gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ðə θrɛt fər səm stɔrmz ðɪs ˈivnɪŋ. ðə ˈbɛtər ˈʧænsɪz ər ˈfɑrðər nɔrθ, wɪθ mɔr əv ə ˈskætərd ˈpætərn ˈfɑrðər saʊθ. ˌɔlˈðoʊ nɑt ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ ˈɛni ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd səˈvɪr ˈwɛðər, du rɪˈmeɪn əˈlərt ɪf ju hæv ˈaʊtˌdɔr plænz ʧɛk ðə ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈɔfən ɔn ɑr fri æp (ʤɪst sərʧ ˈəndər ɪn ðə æp stɔr ɪf wən əv ðə fju ˈpipəl hu hæv ɪt jɛt). goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə wɔrm, ˈməgi naɪt, wɪθ loʊz ˈoʊnli ˈdrɑpɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə loʊ tɪ mɪd ˈsɛlsiəs fər ðoʊz əv ju ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈmɛtrɪk ˈsɪstəm). ˌsaʊθˈwɛst wɪnd æt 5 tɪ 10 ˈɛmˈpiˈeɪʧ. oʊ, ənd baɪ ðə weɪ, wən əv maɪ ˈmɑdəlz ɪz səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər səm ˈpæʧi, dɛns ˈleɪtˌnaɪt fɔg. nɑt ʃʊr ðət ðɪs wɪl məˈtɪriəˌlaɪz bət, ɪf ɪt dɪz, ɪt ʃʊd bərn ɔf bɪtˈwin ənd æm. ˈfɔrˌkæst ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ wɪl bi əˈnəðər hɑt ənd ˈjumɪd deɪ, wɪθ ˈskætərd ˈθəndərˌstɔrmz dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ baɪ ˈɪntu ðə ˈivnɪŋ aʊərz. beɪst əˈpɑn kəmˈpjutər ˈmɑdəl ˈəpər ɛr ˈfɔrˌkæst ˈdætə, aɪ du bɪˈliv ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər səm səˈvɪr stɔrmz. əˈgɛn, kip ə kloʊz aɪ ɔn ɑr ˈreɪˌdɑr təˈmɑˌroʊ, ənd rɪˈmɛmbər tɪ ˈfɑloʊ mi ɔn tˈwɪtər ənd @local4casters*) fər ˈpərsɪnəl ˈəpˌdeɪts. haɪz wəns əˈgɛn ʃʊd riʧ ðə loʊ ˈsɛlsiəs), wɪθ ə ˌsaʊθˈwɛst wɪnd æt 10 tɪ 15 ˈɛmˈpiˈeɪʧ. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt, ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət ðə stɔrmz wɪl hoʊld ɔf ənˈtɪl ˈæftər ðə ˈænjuəl ˈmɛˌtroʊ ˈdiˌtrɔɪt juθ deɪ ɔn bɛl aɪl, wɪʧ rənz frəm a.m*. tɪ p.m*. ðɪs ɪz ə bɪg dil ˈoʊvər kɪdz ənd 1600 ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz wɪl pæk ðə ˈaɪlənd! ˈɑbviəsli goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə ˈvɛri hɑt deɪ, ənd toʊld ðət hæv ˈplɛnti əv koʊld ˈwɔtər fər ðə kɪdz. ˈsənˌraɪz ɪz æt æm, ənd ˈsənˌsɛt ɪz æt piɛm. ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ stɔrmz wɪl muv aʊt, bi kwaɪt fər ə waɪl, ənd ðɛn ʃaʊərz ənd ˈθəndərˌstɔrmz ər ˈpɑsəbəl əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər æt naɪt. loʊz ɪn ðə loʊ ˈsɛlsiəs). ʃaʊərz ənd ˈθəndərˌstɔrmz ər ˈpɑsəbəl ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ ɪn ədˈvæns əv ðə koʊld frənt ðət wɪl ˈfaɪnəli gɪv ˈjuˈɛs səm rɪˈlif frəm ðə hit ənd hjuˈmɪdəti (bət nɑt ənˈtɪl ˈfraɪˌdeɪ). skaɪz ʃʊd bɪˈkəm ˈpɑrtli ˈklaʊdi ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun, wɪθ haɪz ˈʤəmpɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈəpər ˈsɛlsiəs). ˈmoʊstli klɪr ˈθərzˌdeɪ naɪt, wɪθ məʧ mɔr ˈtɑlərəbəl loʊz ɪn ðə mɪd ˈsɛlsiəs). ˈpɑrtli ˈklaʊdi ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈkulər, ənd lɛs ˈjumɪd, wɪθ haɪz nɪr ˈsɛlsiəs). ˈmoʊstli klɪr ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt, wɪθ loʊz nɪr goʊɪŋ tɪ fil ril nis. ˈmoʊstli ˈsəni ɔn ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈsəmər ˈwiˌkɪnd haɪz ɪn ðə loʊ ˈsɛlsiəs). ˈsənˌdi lʊks gʊd, tu, wɪθ ˈmoʊstli ˈsəni tɪ ˈpɑrtli ˈklaʊdi skaɪz, ənd haɪz ɪn ðə mɪd ˈsɛlsiəs). noʊt: səm ˈmɑdəlz traɪ tɪ brɪŋ ɪn ə ʧæns əv ˈθəndərˌstɔrmz ˈsənˌdi naɪt. ˈɑbviəsli, nid tɪ kip ən aɪ ɔn ðə ˈtaɪmɪŋ əv ðə wik ˈtrɪgər ðət wʊd kɪk ɔf ðiz stɔrmz ənd, ɪf ˈɛni ˌækˌsɛlərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈtaɪmˌteɪbəl, lɛt ju noʊ ˈeɪˌsæp. ˈæftər ɔl, ðɪs ɪz ɑr ˈwiˌkɪnd ənd, wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈwiˌkɛndz, ə noʊ haʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðeɪ ər tɪ ju. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2016 baɪ ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd.
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by now you know the drill: increase the heat and humidity, and we increase our storm chances, too. all it takes is a trigger to initiate the convection (violent upward motion of surface air parcels), and away they go.
these triggers can take many forms: sometimes a front, sometimes a trough of low pressure, sometimes a lake breeze (basically, a mini-cold front moving inland from the colder great lakes), and sometimes just a line of higher moisture or a little upper level disturbance.
in the case of this evening, a tongue of higher moisture across western michigan has ignited a line of thunderstorms that will give us the threat for some storms this evening. the better chances are farther north, with more of a scattered pattern farther south.
although i’m not expecting any widespread severe weather, do remain alert if you have outdoor plans – check the radar often on our free local4casters app (just search under wdiv in the app store if you’re one of the few people who have it yet). going to be a warm, muggy night, with lows only dropping into the low to mid 70s (that’s 22-23° celsius for those of you using the metric system). southwest wind at 5 to 10 mph. oh, and by the way, one of my models is suggesting the potential for some patchy, dense late-night fog. i’m not sure that this will materialize but, if it does, it should burn off between 9:00 and 10:00 am.
forecast
wednesday will be another hot and humid day, with scattered thunderstorms developing by late-afternoon into the evening hours. based upon today’s computer model upper air forecast data, i do believe there’s the potential for some severe storms. again, keep a close eye on our app’s radar tomorrow, and remember to follow me on twitter (@pglocal4 and @local4casters) for personal updates. highs once again should reach the low 90s (33° celsius), with a southwest wind at 10 to 15 mph. at this point, it appears that the storms will hold off until after the 34th annual metro detroit youth day on belle isle, which runs from 8:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m. this is a big deal – over 35,000 kids and 1600 volunteers will pack the island! obviously going to be a very hot day, and i’m told that they’ll have plenty of cold water for the kids.
wednesday’s sunrise is at 6:09 am, and wednesday’s sunset is at 9:09 pm.
wednesday evening storms will move out, we’ll be quite for a while, and then showers and thunderstorms are possible again later at night. lows in the low 70s (22° celsius).
showers and thunderstorms are possible thursday morning in advance of the cold front that will finally give us some relief from the heat and humidity (but not until friday). skies should become partly cloudy thursday afternoon, with highs jumping into the upper 80s (31° celsius).
mostly clear thursday night, with much more tolerable lows in the mid 60s (18° celsius).
partly cloudy on friday, cooler, and less humid, with highs near 80° (27° celsius).
mostly clear friday night, with lows near 60° (16° celsius)…that’s going to feel real nice.
mostly sunny on saturday…a perfect summer weekend day…with highs in the low 80s (28° celsius).
sunday looks good, too, with mostly sunny to partly cloudy skies, and highs in the mid 80s (30° celsius). note: some models try to bring in a chance of thunderstorms sunday night. obviously, need to keep an eye on the timing of the weak trigger that would kick off these storms and, if there’s any acceleration of the timetable, let you know asap. after all, this is our weekend and, when it comes to weekends, i’m a professional…i know how important they are to you.
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kən ju ˈsɪriəsli ˈtrævəl wɪθ noʊ ˈləgɪʤ æt ɔl? jɛs ju kən. dən ɪt. ˈtrævəlɪŋ wɪθ noʊ bægz ɪz ˈglɔriəsli ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪtɪŋ. ju muv fæst, kloʊz tɪ ðə graʊnd, spontenously*. ju fil ənˈliʃt, ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd baɪ jʊr pəˈzɛʃənz. ɪt ɪz ʤɪst ju ənd ðə wərld. aɪ æm kənˈvɪnst ðət wɪθ lɛs stəf tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ju θɪŋk ˈdɪfərənt. ju lərn lɑts, fæst. dən ə fju ˈvɛri ʃɔrt trɪps ðɪs weɪ, ənd wəns aɪ tʊk ə ˈʤərni ɪn ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə wɪˈθaʊt ˈbægɪʤ. aɪ wʊd nɑt wɔnt tɪ ˈtrævəl ðɪs weɪ ɔl ðə taɪm, bət wəns ju goʊ wɪθ nən, ɪt ɪz məʧ ˈiziər tɪ goʊ wɪθ ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl. wən əv ðə ˈoʊldəst ˈtruɪzəm ɪn ðə wərld: ðə lɛs ju ˈtrævəl wɪθ, ðə mɔr ju teɪk bæk. ðɛr ər fɔr moʊdz əv ˈtrævəl ðiz deɪz: 1 ˈtoʊtəl ˈnɑdɑ 2 ʤɪst ˈpɑkəts 3 deɪ 4 ˈmɪnəməlɪst ˈbɑroʊərz ˈtoʊtəl ˈnɑdɑ. ɪn ðɪs moʊd ju teɪk jʊr ˈpæˌspɔrt, ə ˈtuθbrəʃ, səm kæʃ, ə sɛl foʊn, ðə kloʊðz ju ər ˈwɛrɪŋ, ənd ɪt. ˈprɪti ˈrædɪkəl. ju hæv tɪ bi ɪn ə ˈsərtən zɛn steɪt tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðɪs, bət laɪk ˈmɛni θɪŋz, wəns ju ʤəmp ɪn ɪt ɪz nɑt hɑrd tɪ du. ðɪs moʊd ɪz greɪt ɪf ju ər ˈdrɪftɪŋ, goʊɪŋ wɪθ ðə floʊ, ənd nɑt traɪɪŋ tɪ du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls. ɪf jʊr ˈtrævəl ɪnˈteɪlz prəˈdusɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ, nid tulz (ˈkiˌbɔrd, ər ˈkæmərəz, ər bʊks, ər mæps, ər hænd tulz), wɪʧ teɪks ju aʊt əv ðɪs moʊd. bət ə ˈnəmbər əv foʊks seɪl ɔf ðɪs weɪ ˈɛvəri jɪr. fər wən ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈʤɑnəθən ˈtrævəld fər ə mənθ ɪn ˈlætən əˈmɛrɪkə ɪn ˈtoʊtəl ˈnɑdɑ moʊd. hi roʊt əv hɪz ædˈvɛnʧərz ɪn ˈbəʤɪt ˈtrævəl. ɪm bɪˈloʊ wɪθ ɔl hɪz ˈləgɪʤ. aɪ ʤɪst kəmˈplitɪd ə, trɪp θru ˈsɛntrəl əˈmɛrɪkə. aɪ ræn ðə fʊl lɛŋθ wɪθ ˈnəθɪŋ bət ðə kloʊðz aɪ wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ: ˈkɑrˌgoʊ pænts, mərun ˈtiˌsərt, ənd greɪ flis taɪd æt ðə weɪst. ɔn maɪ ˈpərsən wɑz ən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpæˌspɔrt, ə ˈvizə ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd, əˈbaʊt 50 ə ˈtuθbrəʃ, ə ˈtaɪni ˈkænən ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkæmərə wɪθ ˈɛkstrə ˈbætəri, ə bæg əv ˈvaɪtəmənz, ənd ə ˈkɑpi əv ðə kaɪt ˈrənər, huz ˈʧæptərz aɪ tɔr ɔf ɛz aɪ rɛd ðɛm. ˈbɛgɪŋ fər ˈtuθˌpeɪst, ɪt tərnz aʊt, ɪz ə greɪt weɪ tɪ meɪk nu frɛndz. læk əv ˈləgɪʤ dɪd reɪz səˈspɪʃənz, əˈməŋ ˈtrævələrz ənd ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz əˈlaɪk. ˈbɔrdər ˈkrɔsɪŋz wər ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ. ˌənsərˈpraɪzɪŋli, ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈeɪʤənts wər əˈnɔɪd, ɛz ðeɪ ˈklɪrli mɪst ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ˈrəmɪʤ θru maɪ bægz ɪn sərʧ əv ˈwɛpənz ər sˈməgəld ˈræmboʊ ˈbəbəl gəm. wət əˈbaʊt ˈwɑʃɪŋ kloʊðz? ən əmˈjuzd ˈeɪʤənt æst, ə mi desnudo?”*?” ˈgɑnə rən əraʊnd maɪ ˈkəntri naked?”*?”) ə ˈvælɪd pɔɪnt. wʊd ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ə ˈsɛkənd pɛr əv sɑks; ju kən ˈstrimˌlaɪn baɪ ˈpʊtɪŋ wən ɪn iʧ ˈpɑkət. sˈwɛti ˈtiˌsərts ənd ˈbɑksər brifs ˈdəbəlɪŋ ɛz swɪm trəŋks kən bi draɪd ɪn ˈtrænzɪt baɪ ˈhæŋɪŋ ðɛm frəm ə kɑr ˈwɪndoʊ (əˈsumɪŋ ðə ˈviɪkəl həz ˈwɪndoʊz). ˈbɑdi ˈoʊdər ˌnɑtwɪθˈstændɪŋ, aɪ wɑz fri tɪ wɔk ˈɛniˌwɛr æt ˈɛni taɪm ənd tɪ kəmˈplitli ˌɪmprəˈvaɪz ənd rɪˈvaɪz maɪ aɪˈtɪnərˌɛri ɪn ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪtɪŋ fɪts əv ˌspɑntəˈniəti. ɔl əv wɪʧ brɔt mi ˈɪntu mɔr ˈɪnɪmət ˌɪnərˈækʃən wɪθ ðə ˈpipəl ənd ˈpleɪsɪz aɪ keɪm tɪ ˈvɪzɪt. ʤɪst ˈpɑkəts. ˈpɑkət ˈpipəl ˈkɛri noʊ bæg bɪˈkəz ðeɪ haɪd ðɛr stəf ɪn ˈkɑrˌgoʊ ənd vɛst ˈpɑkəts. ju kən kræm ə hoʊl wərθ əv stəf ˈɪntu jʊr ˈpɑkəts ɪf ju ˈwɔntɪd tɪ. ənd ju kən ˈoʊvərˈdu ɪt (si ðɪs gaɪ bɪˈloʊ). ər ðɪs gaɪ, ˈɛrɪk lə fou*, hu ˈkɛriz θɪŋz ɪn hɪz ˈʤækɪt ˈpɑkəts, weɪɪŋ 12 ˈkiˌloʊz! ðɛr ɪz səm ædˈvæntɪʤ tɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈhævɪŋ wət ju wɔnt raɪt ɪn jʊr ˈpɑkəts, bət moʊst əv ðə taɪm ˈpɑkəts ər ˈɛmtid ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə deɪ, ər ðə ˈloʊdɪd vɛst lɛft ɪn ðə hoʊˈtɛl rum. ˌnənðəˈlɛs ˈpɑkəts ˈklɪrli ˈlɪmət wət ju kən brɪŋ. ðeɪ ˈdɛfənətli kip ðə əv gɪr daʊn. ənd waɪl ɪt meɪ sim laɪk ə ˈsɪmpəl keɪs əv sɪˈmæntɪks tɪ wɛr gɪr ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ““carrying”*” ɪt, ðɛr ɪz ə pərˈsivd ˈfridəm ɪn nɑt ˈhævɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈɛkstrə ɔn jʊr ˈʃoʊldər ər bæk. roʊlf pɑts, ən ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈtrævəl ˈblɔgər, wɑz ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ˈtrævəl ənd ˈəðərz tɪ kəmˈplitli ˌsərkəmˈvɛnt ðə wərld wɪθ noʊ ˈbægɪʤ. hi faʊnd ə ˈkloʊðɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌni (scottevest*) ðət meɪd pænts ənd ˈʤækɪts tɪ ˈspɑnsər hɪz trɪp, wɪʧ wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ fɪlmd. hɪz dɪˈbrifɪŋ ɪz hir, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə lɪst əv ðə fju ˈaɪtəmz hi ˈkɛrid ɪn hɪz ˈpɑkəts. (hi ˈmænɪʤ tɪ ˈkɛri ə ˈkiˌbɔrd fər hɪz foʊn ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kip ˈblɔgɪŋ.) wət ə ˈpɑkət ˈpərsən ˈkɛriz. ˈmɑrkəs fɛrˈnɑndɛz, əˈnəðər ˈtrævələr ˈspɑnsərd baɪ scottevest*, wɛrz ðə kloʊðz ɔn ðə raɪt ənd stəfs ðə ˈaɪtəmz ɔn ðə lɛft ˈɪntu hɪz ˈpɑkəts. aɪ æst ˈmɑrkəs ənd hɪz ˈpɑrtnər ʤɛn, waɪ ðeɪ ˈtrævəld wɪθ ˈpɑkəts ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ə smɔl bæg. ðeɪ rɪˈplaɪd: sɪns wi ˈkɛriɪŋ məʧ wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs ənd ɪt ɔl ˈizəli fɪts ˈɪntu ɑr ˈpɑkəts, waɪ brɪŋ ə bæg əˈlɔŋ? wi wʊd hæv brɔt ə ˈʤækɪt ɔn ɑr trɪp ˈɛniˌweɪ soʊ ˈkɪlɪŋ tu bərdz wɪθ wən stoʊn. wi ˈɔlsoʊ faɪnd ðət wi ˈwəri lɛs əˈbaʊt ɑr bɪˈlɔŋɪŋz biɪŋ ˈstoʊlən sɪns ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz ɔn ˈjuˈɛs. bægz ər mɔr ˈizəli mɪˈspleɪst ər ˈstoʊlən. wi hæv mɛt ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə trɪp hu hæv hæd ðɛr bægz ˈstoʊlən ɔn ə bəs, æt ə kəˈfeɪ, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈbaɪˌpæs sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈʧɛkˌpɔɪnts æt ˈpleɪsɪz laɪk mˈjuziəmz ənd ˈivɪn ˈkəstəmz wɛr ðeɪ skæn ɔl bægz. wɪn wi ‘‘pack’*’ ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ɪt ˈhɑrdli teɪks ˈɛni taɪm tɪ θroʊ stəf ˈɪntu ɑr ˈpɑkəts. jɛs, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz wi fərˈgɛt wət ˈpɑkət wi pʊt ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn bət wi kən faɪnd ɪt ˈprɪti kˈwɪkli. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ iˈmeɪld roʊlf pɑts ə fju kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ˈtrævəl: keɪ: wət ɪz ðə ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ˈkɛriɪŋ jʊr fju θɪŋz ɪn ˈpɑkəts ˈvərsəz ə smɔl bæg? pi: ˈfəŋkʃənəli, ðə vɛst sərvd ðə seɪm ˈpərpəs ɛz ə bæg i.e*. aɪ kʊd ˈizəli teɪk ɪt ɔf ənd stoʊ ɪt. moʊst əv ðə taɪm aɪ ʤɪst həŋ ðə vɛst ɔn ə ˈhæŋər ɪn maɪ rum ənd ɪkˈsplɔrd ðə ˈsɪti wɪˈθaʊt ɪt (ˈkipɪŋ spɪˈsɪfɪk nəˈsɛsɪtiz, ɪf aɪ ˈnidɪd ðɛm, ɪn maɪ ˈkɑrˌgoʊ pænts). ən ædˈvæntɪʤ tɪ ˈtrævəl ɪz ðət ɪt livz noʊ rum fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈɛkstrə. ju kən kræm ə fju ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈɛkstrəz ˈɪntu ə, bət nɑt ə ˈtrævəl vɛst! ɪt ˈfɔrsɪz ju tɪ bi ˈdɪsəplənd wɪθ jʊr ˈmɪnəməˌlɪzəm. moʊst ˈpipəl wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli ɛr ɔn ðə saɪd əv ə, sɪns ə mɔr ˈjuʒəwəl weɪ əv duɪŋ θɪŋz. ðət sɛd, ˈtrævəl ɪz ˈprɪti ˈizi tɪ gɪt juzd tɪ. keɪ: nɛkst taɪm wɪl ju ˈɔlsoʊ goʊ wɪθ ˈpɑkəts? pi: ˈprɑbəˌbli ɑpt fər ə bɪˈkəz ɛz ə ˈtrævəl ˈraɪtər aɪ ˈjuʒəwəli brɪŋ ə (wɪʧ aɪ prɪˈfər tɪ ə ˈsɛˌtəp). pləs wɪθ ə ju hæv tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ; ju kən ʤɪst tɔs stəf ɪn ənd fɪʃ ɪt aʊt. keɪ: dɪd ju faɪnd ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈpərʧəsɪŋ θɪŋz ˈloʊkəli ˈivɪn fər ə fju juz, ənd ðɛn ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪt əˈweɪ? kaɪnd əv juz. pi: ə fju taɪmz, laɪk ɪn saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ wɪn aɪ ˈnidɪd ˈɪnˌsɛkt rɪˈpɛlənt. bət aɪ dɪd ðɪs ə lɔt lɛs ðən aɪ θɔt aɪ wʊd. hæd maɪ trɪp bɪn sloʊər ənd ˈlɔŋgər aɪ ˈprɑbəˌbli wʊd hæv dən ə lɔt mɔr əv ðɪs. wɪn aɪ hɪt nu ˈzilənd ɪt wɑz kwaɪt koʊld, soʊ aɪ ˈbɑˌroʊd ə sˈwɛtər frəm ə frɛnd hu lɪvz ðɛr. hæd aɪ nɑt hæd ə frɛnd ˈlɪvɪŋ ðɛr, aɪ ˈprɑbəˌbli wʊd hæv ˈgɔtən ə sˈwɛtər frəm ə θrɪft stɔr ənd ˈgɪvɪn ɪt əˈweɪ wɪn aɪ wɑz dən. keɪ: ɪn ðə ɛnd wət wɑz ðə ʧif ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ˈtrævəlɪŋ wɪθ noʊ ˈləgɪʤ? pi: sɪmˈplɪsɪti ənd moʊˈbɪlɪti. aɪ hæv ðət məʧ tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt, ənd aɪ hæv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ sloʊ mi daʊn. aɪ kʊd goʊ wɛˈrɛvər aɪ ˈwɔntɪd, wɛˈnɛvər aɪ ˈwɔntɪd. ˈɔfən maɪ ˈkæmərəmən wʊd læg bɪˈhaɪnd mi ɔn deɪz ɪn ˈpleɪsɪz laɪk ˈləndən ənd fɛz ənd ˈbæŋkɑk ənd hi wɑz ˈoʊnli ˈkɛriɪŋ əˈbaʊt 20 paʊnz əv gɪr. ˈizi tɪ gɪt juzd tɪ ðə ˈfridəm. keɪ: wət səˈpraɪzd ju moʊst əˈbaʊt ˈtrævəlɪŋ soʊ laɪt? pi: ðə ˈbɪgəst səˈpraɪz wɑz haʊ ˈizi ɪt wɑz. wəns ju gɪt ˈɪntu ðə ruˈtin əv ˈjuzɪŋ fjuər ˈaɪtəmz ənd ˈwɑʃɪŋ jʊr kloʊðz iʧ deɪ, ju ˈrɪli mɪs ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. deɪ. nɑt ɛz ˈrædɪkəl ɛz ˈiðər ˈtoʊtəl ˈnɑdɑ ər ʤɪst ˈpɑkəts, deɪ ˈbægɪŋ ɪz stɪl ˈpaʊərfəl ənd ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪtɪŋ. ju nid fɪt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈɪntu wən ˈvɛri ˈtaɪni deɪ pæk. ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspɛkt ““no-luggage”*” minz noʊ ˈləgɪʤ ðət ju dɪˈpɑzət. ju ˈoʊnli ˈkɛri ˈsəmθɪŋ ju ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ wɔk əraʊnd ɔl deɪ wɪθ. aɪ dɪd ə tu wik wɔk ɪn ðə əv ˈɪŋglənd wɪθ ə ˈvɛri ˈtaɪni, ˈhaɪkɪŋ frəm ɪn tɪ ɪn ənd ɪt wɑz ˈpərˌfɪkt. ju ˈkɛri ˌɛniˈmɔr ðən ðə ˈpɑkət ˈpipəl du. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈdɪfərəns ɪz ðət ɔl stəft ˈɪntu ə bæg ðət ju kən sɛt daʊn æt taɪmz. tɪ bi ˈɑnəst, ɔl θri əv ðiz moʊdz ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm loʊˈkeɪʃənz wɛr ðə ˈklaɪmɪt ɪz ˈkɑnstənt. wən ˈfrizɪŋ ˈwɪntər aɪ flu frəm ə trɪp ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈʧaɪnə dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ˈstimɪŋ bɑmˈbeɪ ˈɪndiə, ənd ðə nid fər tu kaɪnz əv ˈkloʊðɪŋ kɪld maɪ deɪ bæg plæn. bət wɪn ˈwɛðər ˈpərˌmɪts, dən səm ““no-luggage”*” ˈbɪznɪs ˈtrævəl, ˈstəfɪŋ ə ʧeɪnʤ əv kloʊðz ənd ə ˈtuθbrəʃ ˈɪntu maɪ kəmˈpjutər bæg. ˈmɪnəməlɪst ˈbɑroʊərz. ðə ˈfaɪnəl sɛt əv ˈtrævələrz ər ə ˈvɛri fju foʊks hu ər ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ ə ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl. ðiz ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz ər traɪɪŋ tɪ rɪˈdus ðə ˈnəmbər əv θɪŋz ɪn ðɛr hoʊmz ənd laɪf tɪ lɛs ðən 100 ˈɑbʤɛkts, seɪ. soʊ wɪn ðeɪ ˈtrævəl, ðeɪ tɛnd tɪ muv wɪθ ˈlɪtəl, bət ðɛn ˈbɑˌroʊ wət ðeɪ maɪt nid æt ðɛr ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən. ər ðeɪ meɪ baɪ wət ðeɪ nid wɪn ðeɪ əraɪv ənd liv ɪt bɪˈhaɪnd wɪn ðeɪ liv. aɪ mɛt wən ˈfɛloʊ hu flu tɪ ə ˈwɛdɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ˈləgɪʤ ənd bɔt hɪz drɛs ʃərt ənd pænts ˈloʊkəli, ənd ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd ðɛm ˌbiˈfɔr hi flu hoʊm. hi ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd ðɪs weɪ əv nɑt ““owning”*” stəf ˈæˌkʧuəli seɪvd ɪm ˈməni (ˈklinɪŋ, ˈstɔrɪŋ) ɪn ðə lɔŋ rən, bɪˈkəz hi ˈoʊnli bɔt θɪŋz wɪn hi ˈrɪli ˈnidɪd ðɛm, ənd ðɛn ðɛm wɪn hi dɪd nɑt ˈrɪli nid ðɛm. ðɪs ˈmɪnəməlɪst moʊd ɪz ə eradicator*. nɑt fər ˈɛvriˌwən, bət əˈnəðər weɪ tɪ kip flit.
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can you seriously travel with no luggage at all?
yes you can.
i’ve done it. traveling with no bags is gloriously liberating. you movet, close to the ground, spontenously. you feel unleashed, undefined by your possessions. it is just you and the world. i am convinced that with less stuff to manage you think different. you learn lots,t.
i’ve done a few very short trips this way, and once i took a month-long journey in sri lanka without baggage. i would not want to travel this way all the time, but once you go with none, it is much easier to go with very little. it’s one of the oldest truism in the world: the less you travel with, the more you take back.
there are four modes of no-baggage travel these days:
1) total nada
2) just pockets
3) day baggers
4) minimalist borrowers
total nada. in this mode you take your passport, a toothbrush, some cash, a cell phone, the clothes you are wearing, and that’s it. it’s pretty radical. you have to be in a certain zen state to enjoy this, but like many things, once you jump in it is not hard to do. this mode is great if you are drifting, going with the flow, and not trying to do anything else. if your travel entails producing something, you’ll need tools (keyboard, or cameras, or books, or maps, or hand tools), which takes you out of this mode.
but a number of folks sail off this way every year. for one example, jonathan yevin travelled for a month in latin america in total nada mode. he wrote of his adventures in budget travel. that’s him below with all his luggage.
i just completed a month-long, bag-free trip through central america. i ran the full length with nothing but the clothes i was wearing: cargo pants, maroon t-shirt, and gray fleece tied at the waist. on my person was an american passport, a visa credit card, about $50, a toothbrush, a tiny canon digital camera with extra battery, a ziploc bag of vitamins, and a copy of the kite runner, whose chapters i tore off as i read them. begging for toothpaste, it turns out, is a great way to make new friends.my lack of luggage did raise suspicions, among travelers and government officials alike. border crossings were particularly interesting. unsurprisingly, immigration agents were annoyed, as they clearly missed the opportunity to rummage through my bags in search of weapons or smuggled rambo bubble gum. what about washing clothes? an amused agent asked, “vas a recorrer mi tierra desnudo?” (“you gonna run around my country naked?”) a valid point.i would recommend a second pair of socks; you can streamline by putting one in each pocket. sweaty t-shirts and boxer briefs doubling as swim trunks can be dried in transit by hanging them from a car window (assuming the vehicle has windows). body odor notwithstanding, i was free to walk anywhere at any time and to completely improvise and revise my itinerary in liberating fits of spontaneity. all of which brought me into more intimate interaction with the people and places i came to visit.
just pockets. pocket people carry no bag because they hide their stuff in cargo and vest pockets. you can cram a whole backpack’s worth of stuff into your pockets if you wanted to. and you can overdo it (see this guy below). or this guy, eric le fou, who carries 1,300 things in his jacket pockets, weighing 12 kilos! there is some advantage to always having what you want right in your pockets, but most of the time pockets are emptied during the day, or the loaded vest left in the hotel room. nonetheless pockets clearly limit what you can bring. they definitely keep the amomunt of gear down. and while it may seem like a simple case of semantics to wear gear instead of “carrying” it, there is a perceived freedom in not having something extra on your shoulder or back.
rolf potts, an influential travel blogger, was inspired by yevin’s 30-day no-bag travel and others to completely circumvent the world with no baggage. he found a clothing company (scottevest) that made pocket-rich pants and jackets to sponsor his trip, which was also filmed. his debriefing is here, including the list of the few items he carried in his pockets. (he manage to carry a foldable keyboard for his phone in order to keep blogging.)
what a pocket person carries. marcus fernandez, another round-the-wrold no-baggage traveler sponsored by scottevest, wears the clothes on the right and stuffs the items on the left into his pockets. i asked marcus and his partner jen, why they traveled with pockets instead of a small bag. they replied:
since we aren’t carrying much with us and it all easily fits into our pockets, why bring a bag along? we would have brought a jacket on our trip anyway so we’re killing two birds with one stone. we also find that we worry less about our belongings being stolen since everything is on us. bags are more easily misplaced or stolen. we have met many people during the trip who have had their bags stolen on a bus, at a cafe, etc. several times we’ve been able to bypass security checkpoints at places like museums and even customs where they scan all bags. when we ‘pack’ in the morning, it hardly takes any time to throw stuff into our pockets. yes, sometimes we forget what pocket we put something in but we can find it pretty quickly.
i also emailed rolf potts a few questions about pocket-only travel:
k: what is the advantage of carrying your few things in pockets versus a small bag?
p: functionally, the vest served the same purpose as a bag — i.e. i could easily take it off and stow it. most of the time i just hung the vest on a hanger in my hotel/hostel room and explored the city without it (keeping specific necessities, if i needed them, in my cargo pants). an advantage to pocket-only travel is that it leaves no room for anything extra. you can cram a few unnecessary extras into a daypack, but not a travel vest! it forces you to be disciplined with your minimalism. most people will probably err on the side of a daypack, since it’s a more usual way of doing things. that said, pocket-style no-bag travel is pretty easy to get used to.
k: next time will you also go with pockets?
p: i’ll probably opt for a daypack because as a travel writer i usually bring a netbook (which i prefer to a bluetooth/ipod setup). plus with a daypack you have to organize anything; you can just toss stuff in and fish it out.
k: did you find yourself purchasing things locally even for a few day’s use, and then giving it away? kind of just-in-time use.
p: a few times, like in south africa when i needed insect repellent. but i did this a lot less than i thought i would. had my trip been slower and longer i probably would have done a lot more of this. when i hit new zealand it was quite cold, so i borrowed a sweater from a friend who lives there. had i not had a friend living there, i probably would have gotten a sweater from a thrift store and given it away when i was done.
k: in the end what was the chief advantage of traveling with no luggage?
p: simplicity and mobility. i didn’t have that much to worry about, and i didn’t have anything to slow me down. i could go wherever i wanted, whenever i wanted. often my cameraman would lag behind me on walking-intensive days in places like london and fez and bangkok — and he was only carrying about 20 pounds of gear. it’s easy to get used to the freedom.
k: what surprised you most about travelling so light?
p: the biggest surprise was how easy it was. once you get into the routine of using fewer items and washing your clothes each day, you really miss anything.
day baggers. not as radical as either total nada or just pockets, day bagging is still powerful and liberating. you need fit everything into one very tiny day pack. in this respect “no-luggage” means no luggage that you deposit. you only carry something you are willing to walk around all day with. i did a two week walk in the cotswolds of england with a very tiny daypack, hiking from inn to inn and it was perfect. you can’t carry anymore than the pocket people do. the only difference is that it’s all stuffed into a bag that you can set down at times.
to be honest, all three of these modes benefit from locations where the climate is constant. one freezing winter i flew from a trip in northern china directly to steaming bombay india, and the need for two kinds of clothing killed my day bag plan. but when weather permits, i’ve done some “no-luggage” business travel, stuffing a change of clothes and a toothbrush into my computer bag.
minimalist borrowers. the final set of no-luggage travelers are a very few folks who are exploring a no-ownership lifestyle. these pioneers are trying to reduce the number of things in their homes and life to less than 100 objects, say.
so when they travel, they tend to move with little, but then borrow what they might need at their destination. or they may buy what they need when they arrive and leave it behind when they leave. i met one fellow who flew to a wedding without luggage and bought his dress shirt and pants locally, and donated them before he flew home. he calculated this way of not “owning” stuff actually saved him money (cleaning, storing) in the long run, because he only bought things when he really needed them, and then unowned them when he did not really need them. this minimalist mode is a surperfulous eradicator. not for everyone, but another way to keep fleet.
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ˈəpˌdeɪt ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 28 2018 ə ˈərθkˌweɪk ɪn ˌsuləˈwɛsi, ˈtrɪgərd ə ˈpaʊərfəl ənd dɪˈstrəktɪv tsuˈnɑmi, wɪʧ ɪz ˈkætəgərˌaɪzd ɛz ðə moʊst ˈsɪriəs ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ɪˈvɛnt əv ɪts ˈneɪʧər sɪns ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən tsuˈnɑmi əv dɪˈsɛmbər 26 2004 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrts, ðɛr wɑz ə ˈfeɪljər ɪn ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm. ə ˌbibiˈsi ɑkˈtoʊbər 1 2018 rɪˈpɔrt ˌriˈkaʊnts ðə ɪˈvɛnts ɛz ˈfɑloʊz: ˈmægnəˌtud ˈərθkˌweɪk əˈkərd ʤɪst ɔf ðə ˈaɪlənd əv ˌsuləˈwɛsi æt ˈloʊkəl taɪm) ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈtrɪgərɪŋ ˈdəzənz əv ˈæftərˌʃɑks. ˌmitiˌɔrəˈlɑʤɪkəl ənd ˈeɪʤənsi ˈɪʃud ə tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ ʤɪst ˈæftər ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl kweɪk, ˈwɔrnɪŋ əv pəˈtɛnʃəl weɪvz əv tɪ θri ˈmitərz. bət ɪt ˈlɪftɪd ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ʤɪst ˈoʊvər 30 ˈmɪnəts ˈleɪtər. ə ˈsɪti ɪn ˌsuləˈwɛsi ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ə ˈnɛroʊ beɪ wɑz hɪt baɪ weɪvz ɛz haɪ ɛz sɪks ˈmitərz. ðə ˈsərʤɪŋ ˈwɔtər brɔt ˈbɪldɪŋz daʊn ənd kɔzd ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd dɪˈstrəkʃən. ˈhənərdz əv ˈpipəl hæd ˈgæðərd fər ə ˈbiʧfrɑnt ˈfɛstɪvəl ənd ɪt wɑz wɑz ə sin əv ˈhɔrər ɛz weɪvz paʊərd ˈoʊvər ðə biʧ sˈwipɪŋ əp ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪn ðɛr pæθ. ˈnæʃənəl dɪˈzæstər ənd ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃən ˈeɪʤənsi həz sɛd ðət moʊst əv ðə ˈvɪktɪmz ɪn wər kɪld ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə tsuˈnɑmi. ˈmɛni ˈkrɪtɪks hæv əˈkjuzd əv ˈlɪftɪŋ ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ tu ˈərli, ðoʊ ðə ˈeɪʤənsi sɪz ðə weɪvz hɪt waɪl ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ wɑz stɪl ɪn fɔrs. ˈʧɛrˌwʊmən toʊld ðə ʤəˈkɑrtə poʊst ðət ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ɛnd ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ wɑz meɪd ˈæftər ðə ˈeɪʤənsi rɪˈsivd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə tsuˈnɑmi, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə fild ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən meɪd baɪ ə ɪmˈplɔɪi ɪn. ʃi ˈædɪd ðət ðə tsuˈnɑmi əˈlərt ˈɛndɪd æt ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə θərd ənd læst weɪv hɪt lænd. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðət ðɛr wər noʊ mɔr tsuˈnɑmi weɪvz ˈæftər ðə əˈlərt ended.”*.” waɪ dɪd ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən nɑt gɪt aʊt. ðɛr wər ˈfeɪljərz ɪn ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm (əv ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈneɪʧər) boʊθ ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 28 2018 ɛz wɛl ɛz ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 26 2004 ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈɑrtɪkəl fərst ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2005 ɔn ðə ˈfeɪljərz əv ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk əv dɪˈsɛmbər 26 2004 wɪʧ ˈtrɪgərd ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən tsuˈnɑmi. ðə tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ɪgˈzæmənd baɪ ðə ˈɔθər ɪn tu tɛksts ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiət weɪk əv ðə dɪˈsɛmbər 26 2004 tsuˈnɑmi ðə tɛkst bɪˈloʊ ɪgˈzæmənz ðə ˈbrɔdər ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈnɛtˌwərk ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈsɪstəm əv ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤri, wɪʧ prəˈvaɪdz ˈdætə ɪn nɪr ril taɪm. ðə tsuˈnɑmi bɪˈkeɪm ˈæktɪv ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk. noʊ ˈwɔrnɪŋz wər sɛnt aʊt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈridɪŋz dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət ðə tsuˈnɑmi hæd ɔˈrɛdi hɪt ðə ˌɪndoʊˈniʒən koʊst. ðɪs ɪz ðə ki ˈɪʃu. ðə tsuˈnɑmi wɑz ˈæktɪv, ənd ðɪs wɑz noʊn, kərˈɑbərˌeɪtɪd nɑt ˈoʊnli baɪ ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən bət ˈɔlsoʊ baɪ ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤɪz ənd ˈəðər ˈdætə, ˈrəfli 30 ˈmɪnəts praɪər tɪ ˈhɪtɪŋ ˈtaɪˌlænd. waɪ wɑz ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɪθˈhɛld rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ wən əv ðə moʊst ˈsɪriəs ˈsaɪzmɪk ɪˈvɛnts ɪn rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈhɪstəri? ˈmɪʧəl, ɑkˈtoʊbər 3 2018 ˈsəməri (skroʊl daʊn fər tɛkst əv kəmˈplit ˈɑrtɪkəl) wən əv ðə moʊst dɪˈstrəktɪv ənd ˈpaʊərfəl ˈərθkˌweɪks ɪn rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈhɪstəri, mɔr ðən ə kˈwɔrtər əv ə ˈmɪljən rɪˈkɔrdɪd dɛθs, ˈloʊkəl ɪˈkɑnəmiz dɪˈstrɔɪd, ðə lɪvz əv ɪnˈtaɪər kəmˈjunɪtiz ˈʃætərd, ənd noʊ ˈsɪriəs ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə flɔz əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ɪz ˈkɑntəmˌpleɪtɪd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ kəˈləmbiə ərθ ˈɪnstɪˌtut ðə ˌsuˈmɑtrə ˈaɪlənd ˈərθkˌweɪk ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər riˈlist ˈɛnərʤi, ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˈrəfli tɪ 700 ˈmɪljən ˌhɪˈroʊʃɪmə bɑmz. ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ wət ˈsaɪəntɪsts aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ɛz ə greɪt earthquake”*”, wɑz əˈveɪləbəl ɪn nɪr ril taɪm (i.e*. ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli) tɪ ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsɛnərz əraʊnd ðə wərld. ˈəðər taɪps əv ˈdætə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤri wər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl ɪn nɪr ril taɪm. ðə ədˈvænst ˈgloʊbəl ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈsɪstəmz wər ˈfʊli ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl. waɪ ðɛn, dɪd ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən nɑt gɪt aʊt ɔn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ əv dɪˈsɛmbər? tɛn əv ˈθaʊzənz əv lɪvz kʊd hæv bɪn seɪvd. ðə ˈɪʃu həz bɪn ˈskərtɪd baɪ ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈmidiə, ˈsaɪdˌstɛpt baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənts ənd ðə ˈjuˈɛn, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk kəmˈjunɪti. wət ˈhæpənd ɔn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ əv dɪˈsɛmbər? ðə tsuˈnɑmi wɑz ˈtrɪgərd wɪˈθɪn ˈmɪnəts əv ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk, praɪər tɪ ðə riˈlis əv ðə fərst tsuˈnɑmi ædˈvaɪzəri ˈbʊlɪtən baɪ ðə pəˈsɪfɪk tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɛnər) ɪn həˈwaɪˌi, soʊ ɪt wɑz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə kˈwɛʃən əv ɪˈmɪtɪŋ warning”*” əv ən ˈɪmənənt ˈdeɪnʤər. ðə kəˈtæstrəfi hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈhæpənd. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, baɪ ðə taɪm ðə fərst tsuˈnɑmi ˈbʊlɪtən hæd bɪn ˈɪʃud æt, ðə ˈdɛdli ˈsaɪzmɪk weɪv wɑz ɔˈrɛdi sˈwipɪŋ ˈbændə, ðə ˈkæpɪtəl əv ˈprɑvɪns ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˌsuˈmɑtrə, ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈθaʊzənz əv dɛθs. ðɪs ɛks poʊst ˈfæktoʊ ˈbʊlɪtən ɪˈmɪtɪd baɪ ðə, dɪd nɑt ˈivɪn wɔrn əv ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈdeɪnʤər əv ə tsuˈnɑmi. mɔˈroʊvər, ɪt ˈkæʒəwəli dɪsˈmɪst ən ɪˈstæblɪʃt ənd ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkəli ækˈsɛptɪd riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp: ɪt wər ə 9 ˈərθkˌweɪk wɪθ ðə θˈrəstɪŋ ɪn ən ˈoʊʃən ˈbeɪsən ˈmɑrʤən, ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ðət ɪt wʊd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ə tsunami”*” (ˈdɑktər. ˈʧɑrəlz groʊt, dɪˈrɛktər, ˈjuˈɛs ˌʤiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈsərˌveɪ ɪn ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni tɪ ðə saɪəns kəˈmɪti əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz, 26 ʤæn 2005 tɪp əv ðə ˈaɪsbərg ðə ˈbʊlətənz ər bət ðə tɪp əv ðə ˈaɪsbərg. ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðə kweɪk wɑz noʊn ənd əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ril taɪm, tɪ ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˈnɛtˌwərk əv ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz. ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ɔn hænd ənd ækˈsɛsəbəl tɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈgəvərnmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz boʊθ ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. ˈnumərəs əˈfɪʃəlz, ˈsaɪəntɪsts, ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈsərvɪsɪz, hæd ədˈvænst ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ən ˌɪmˈpɛndɪŋ dɪˈzæstər. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, wi ər nɑt ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈfeɪljərz əv ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɛnər ɪn ewo*, həˈwaɪˌi, bət wɪθ ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˈwərldˈwaɪd ˈnɛtˌwərk əv ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤri ənd ˈəðər səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˈdætə, wɪʧ wɑz əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. hu ˌɪnˈfɔrmz hum? ðə kˈwɛʃən ɪz nɑt waɪ ðə dɪd nɑt ɪˈmɪt ə tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ, bət waɪ dɪd ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˈgloʊbəl ˈnɛtˌwərk əv ˈsaɪəntɪsts ənd əˈfɪʃəlz nɑt ɪˈmɪt ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ, ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ wən əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst kweɪks ɪn rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈhɪstəri. waɪl ðə hæd ˌɪnˈdid ˈfɔrməli ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ənd ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri æt ðə diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə ˈaɪlənd beɪs, ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɔˈrɛdi nu, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə hæd bɪn ˈprɑsɛst wɪˈθɪn ˈmɪnəts baɪ ən ˈeɪʤənsi ˈəndər ðə ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər, ˈneɪmli ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈərθkˌweɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛnər) beɪst ɪn ˈgoʊldən, ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ. ðə ˈdætə rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈmægnəˌtud əv ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd frəm fɔr ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsteɪʃənz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən, ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd baɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl dɪˈplɔɪmənt əv ækˌsɛlərˈɑmətərz (ˈaɪdə) ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈsɪgnəlz θri ˈmɪnəts, ˈθərˌdi ˈsɛkəndz ˈæftər ðə kweɪk began”*” ɪn ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈkɑŋgrəs (ʤæn 26 2005 skrɪps (sio*) ʤɑn ˈɔrkət wɪʧ ˈoʊvərˈsiz ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈaɪdə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsteɪʃənz kənˈfərmd ðət ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 26 ðə ˈdætə pərˈteɪnɪŋ tɪ ðə kweɪk hæd bɪn ənd ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈfɔrwərdɪd baɪ kəmˈpjutər tɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈərθkˌweɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛnər) ɪn ˈgoʊldən, ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ ənd ðə ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɛnərz ɪn həˈwaɪˌi ənd alaska”*” ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs æt diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə ðə fərst nuz rɪˈpɔrts ˌəndərˈskɔrd ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs æt diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə hæd bɪn ˈgɪvɪn ədˈvænst ˈwɔrnɪŋ, bət ðət ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən riʧt ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈfɪʃəlz æt ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈaɪlənd ˈneɪvəl beɪs ““after”*” ðə tsuˈnɑmi hæd hɪt ˈɪndiə ənd ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə: ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ lɔg ʃoʊz ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs pəˈsɪfɪk kəˈmænd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə, wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈwɔrnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə tsuˈnɑmi səm tu ənd θri kˈwɔrtər aʊərz ˈæftər ðə earthquake”*” (ðə ˈgɑrdiən, 7 ʤæn 2005 ðiz ˈərliər rɪˈpɔrts məst bi kˈwɑləˌfaɪd. ðə fækt əv ðə ˈmætər, ɪz ðət ðə ˈdætə kənˈsərnɪŋ ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd frəm ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsteɪʃənz ˈsɪʧuˌeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsteɪʃən (diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə) ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsteɪʃən ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd dɪˈrɛkli ɔn ðə saɪt əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈaɪlənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs. mɔˈroʊvər, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈsteɪʃənz, ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsɪstəm (ims*) əv ðə ˈprɛprəˌtɔri kəˈmɪʃən fər ðə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈtriti ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən (ctbto*) beɪst ɪn viˈɛnə, ˈɑpərˌeɪts ˈsɛvərəl ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈriʤən, θri əv wɪʧ ər ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə ˌɑrʧəpəˈleɪˌgoʊ (ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri). tu əv ðiz ˈsteɪʃənz ər ˈsɪʧuˌeɪtɪd dɪˈrɛkli ɔn ðə saɪt əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs. ðɛr ər ɪn ɔl fɔr ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˌɑrʧəpəˈleɪˌgoʊ, wɪʧ juz ðə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈsɪstəm əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs æt diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə wɪθ ɪts ədˈvænst ˈmɑnətərɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪtiz, ˈrisərʧ læbz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. wɑz nɑt ðə ““recipient”*” bət ˈrəðər source”*” əv ðə ˈrɛləvənt ˈdætə rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk. ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤri trænzˈmɪtəd ɪn ril taɪm ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ril taɪm ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə (ɛz wɛl ɛz, ənd ˈdætə trænzˈmɪtəd aʊt əv diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə), ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ðə dɪˈzæstər ɔn ðə nɔrθ ˌsuˈmɑtrə ˈkoʊˌstlaɪn wər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl ɪn nɪr ril taɪm tɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈeɪʤənsiz ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz. ðə ˈjuˈɛs həz ən ədˈvænst satellite”*” ˈsɪstəm, wɪθ ˈvɛri prɪˈsaɪs ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz əv ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə təreɪn, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə ˈnæʧərəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɑbʤɛkts. ðə ˈnæʃənəl riˈkɑnəsəns ˈɔfəs (nro*), wɪʧ wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ðə fərst spaɪ ˈsætəˌlaɪts əv ðə koʊld wɔr ˈɪrə ˈɑpərˌeɪts ə səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˈsɪstəm əv riˈkɑnəsəns ˈsætəˌlaɪts, wɪʧ trænzˈmɪt ˈɪmɪʤri ənd ˈəðər ˈdætə ɪn ril taɪm. əˈnəðər ki ˈjuˈɛs ˈbɑdi, ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤri ɪz ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈeɪʤənsi, (nga*) ˈfɔrmərli noʊn ɛz ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪmɪʤri ənd ˈmæpɪŋ ˈeɪʤənsi. ðə ˈlætər wɑz ɪn fækt ðə ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl pəˈzɪʃənɪŋ ˈsɪstəm (ˈgipiˈɛs), wɪʧ wɑz kənˈdusɪv tɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈsɪstəm əv ˈgloʊbəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (geoint*). ɪz pɑrt əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs dɪˈfɛns ˈsɪstəm, ɪt sərvz ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv dɪˈfɛns ənd ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəmˈjunɪti. ɪt həz ˈvɛri prɪˈsaɪs ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz əv ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ənd ˈfɪzɪkəl təreɪn baɪ ˈsætəˌlaɪt, ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə wərld, ˈjuzɪŋ ðə tɛkˈniks əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (geoint*). ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, steɪt əv ðə ɑrt ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤri (əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, səˈvɪljən ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈpraɪvət kəˈmərʃəl ˈɛntɪtiz) prəˈvaɪdz ril taɪm sɛt əv eyes”*”. wɪθ rɪˈgɑrd, tɪ ðə tsuˈnɑmi əv dɪˈsɛmbər 26 ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤɪz wər əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kənˈfərmz ɪn ðɪs rɪˈgɑrd, ðət ɪt həz ˈækˌsɛs frəm ɪts ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈsɪstəmz ˈvaɪtəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɪn ril time”*”. ðiz ril taɪm ˈɪmɪʤɪz wər juzd ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli ɪn ðə ˌɪˈrɑk ənd ˈæfˌgæn wɔr ˈθiətərz. (ˈhirɪŋz əv sɛn ɑrmd ˈsərvɪsɪz kəˈmɪti, 25 ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri 2004 ðə roʊl əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən speɪs ˈeɪʤənsi ril taɪm ˈsaɪzmɪk ənd ˈəðər ˈdætə (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤri) wər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkəntriz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈrəʃə, ˈʧaɪnə, ʤəˈpæn ənd ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən. ɪn ðɪs rɪˈgɑrd, ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən speɪs ˈeɪʤənsi wɪʧ həz lɪŋks tɪ ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ, həz access”*” ɪn ril taɪm tɪ ˈdætə frəm ˈsætəˌlaɪts ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈvɛri prɪˈsaɪs ˈɪmɪʤri wɪʧ əˈlaʊz: kəmˈplit ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl fəˈnɑmənə tɪ bi əbˈzərvd tɪ ən ˈækjərəsi ənd ɪnˈtaɪərti ɪt wʊd teɪk ən ˈɑrmi əv graʊnd ˈlɛvəl əbˈzərvərz tɪ match”*” ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈɪmɪʤri, ðə ˈsætəˌlaɪt trænzˈmɪts ˈəðər ˈrɛləvənt ˈdætə wɪʧ ˈmɛʒərz ˈvɛri ˈækjərətli motion”*” ənd height”*”: waɪl ““before”*” ənd ““after”*” ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ðə dɪˈzæstər hæv bɪn meɪd ˈpəblɪk, ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz wɪʧ ʃoʊ ðə ˈprɑˌgrɛs ənd ˈmuvmənt əv ðə tsuˈnɑmi, ɪn ðə ˈpɪriəd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ərθ kweɪk hæv nɑt bɪn riˈlist. kənˈkludɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks: ðə nid fər ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm mɔr ðən ə kˈwɔrtər əv ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl hæv daɪd ɪn wən əv ðə moʊst ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ˈnæʧərəl dɪˈzæstərz. ðə ˈoʊvərˌraɪdɪŋ ˈɪʃuz pərˈteɪnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɪstəmz, ˈkænɑt bi draʊnd ər brəʃt əˈsaɪd. ðeɪ məst bi ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt əv ə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri, ˈprɛfərəbli baɪ ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈbɑdi. ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt həz ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd ə ˈnəmbər əv brɔd ˈɪʃuz pərˈteɪnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈnɛtˌwərk. ðə ˈlætər rikˈwaɪərz dɪˈteɪld ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri. wət ˈeɪʤənsiz ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən, ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈkəntriz ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli wər ˌɪnˈfɔrmd? ðə ˈfeɪljərz ər baɪ noʊ minz ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈnɛtˌwərk. wɪn wər ðeɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrmd? wət taɪp əv ˈdætə dɪd ðeɪ hæv? səm əv ðət ˈdætə həz nɑt bɪn riˈlist. waɪ dɪd ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən nɑt riʧ ðə ˈpipəl ɔn taɪm ɪn ðə ˈkəntriz əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðə tsuˈnɑmi? wət ˈfæktərz, ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv, ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz, kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm biɪŋ trænzˈmɪtəd? wi ər nɑt ˈdilɪŋ ˈstrɪktli wɪθ ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə. ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ðə ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˌsuˈmɑtrə wər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl. ˈəðər taɪps əv ˈdætə wər ˈɔlsoʊ trænzˈmɪtəd ɪn nɪr ril taɪm baɪ ˈsætəˌlaɪt. ðə əˈprɑksəˌmeɪt spid əv ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk weɪv wɑz noʊn ənd kənˈfərmd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə nuz rɪˈpɔrts, ðə tsuˈnɑmi wɑz ˈmuvɪŋ æt ə spid əv ˈrəfli 20 ə ˈmɪnət (ɔn ˈævərɪʤ) ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə. ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɑz noʊn tɪ ðə ənd ˈəðər ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsɛnərz wɪˈθɪn lɛs ðən fɔr ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə kweɪk. ðə tsuˈnɑmi hɪt ðə ˌɪndoʊˈniʒən koʊst wɪˈθɪn 5 ˈmɪnəts, ɪn ˈəðər wərdz 10 ˈmɪnəts ˌbiˈfɔr ðə riˈlis əv ðə fərst ˈbʊlɪtən. ˈbændə wɑz hɪt baɪ ðə tsuˈnɑmi 11 ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk, əˈprɑksəmətli 3 ˈmɪnəts ˌbiˈfɔr ðə riˈlis əv ðə ˈbʊlɪtən. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ɪt wɑz ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ɪn ə ˈvɛri prɪˈsaɪs weɪ, æt wət taɪm ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk weɪv wʊd hɪt ðə ˈkoʊˌstlaɪnz əv ˈtaɪˌlænd, ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə, ˈɪndiə, ðə ˈmɔlˌdaɪvz ənd səˈmɑljə. hæd ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən bɪn trænzˈmɪtəd ɪn ə kənˈsɪstənt ˈfæʃən, ðɛr wʊd hæv bɪn ˈæmpəl taɪm tɪ ɪˈvækjəˌeɪt ˈpipəl frəm ðə ˈkoʊstəl ˈɛriəz əv ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə, ˈɪndiə, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə ist koʊst əv ˈæfrɪkɑ. ðɛr ər noʊ ˈoʊʃən ˈsɛnsərz ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən. bət ðɪs wɑz nɑt ðə kɔz əv ðə ˈfeɪljərz ənd oʊˈmɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm. ðə tsuˈnɑmi bɪˈkeɪm ˈæktɪv ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk. noʊ ˈwɔrnɪŋz wər sɛnt aʊt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈridɪŋz dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət ðə tsuˈnɑmi hæd ɔˈrɛdi hɪt ðə ˌɪndoʊˈniʒən koʊst. ðɪs ɪz ðə ki ˈɪʃu. ðə tsuˈnɑmi wɑz ˈæktɪv, ənd ðɪs wɑz noʊn, kərˈɑbərˌeɪtɪd nɑt ˈoʊnli baɪ ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən bət ˈɔlsoʊ baɪ ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤɪz ənd ˈəðər ˈdætə, ˈrəfli 30 ˈmɪnəts praɪər tɪ ˈhɪtɪŋ ˈtaɪˌlænd. ˈmɪʧəl, dɪˈsɛmbər 26 2015 tɛkst əv kəmˈplit ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən tsuˈnɑmi. waɪ dɪd ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən nɑt gɪt aʊt? baɪ ˈmɪʧəl ˈfɛbruˌɛri 7 2005 wən əv ðə moʊst dɪˈstrəktɪv ənd ˈpaʊərfəl ˈərθkˌweɪks ɪn rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈhɪstəri, mɔr ðən ə kˈwɔrtər əv ə ˈmɪljən rɪˈkɔrdɪd dɛθs, ˈloʊkəl ɪˈkɑnəmiz dɪˈstrɔɪd, ðə lɪvz əv ɪnˈtaɪər kəmˈjunɪtiz ˈʃætərd, ənd noʊ ˈsɪriəs ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə flɔz əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ɪz ˈkɑntəmˌpleɪtɪd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ kəˈləmbiə ərθ ˈɪnstɪˌtut ðə ˌsuˈmɑtrə ˈaɪlənd ˈərθkˌweɪk ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər riˈlist ˈɛnərʤi, ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˈrəfli tɪ 700 ˈmɪljən ˌhɪˈroʊʃɪmə bɑmz. ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ wət ˈsaɪəntɪsts aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ɛz ə greɪt earthquake”*”, wɑz əˈveɪləbəl ɪn nɪr ril taɪm (i.e*. ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli) tɪ ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsɛnərz əraʊnd ðə wərld. ˈəðər taɪps əv ˈdætə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤri wər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl ɪn nɪr ril taɪm. ðə ədˈvænst ˈgloʊbəl ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈsɪstəmz wər ˈfʊli ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl. waɪ ðɛn, dɪd ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən nɑt gɪt aʊt ɔn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ əv dɪˈsɛmbər? tɛn əv ˈθaʊzənz əv lɪvz kʊd hæv bɪn seɪvd. ðə ˈɪʃu həz bɪn ˈskərtɪd baɪ ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈmidiə, ˈsaɪdˌstɛpt baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənts ənd ðə ˈjuˈɛn, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk kəmˈjunɪti. ðə bleɪm wɑz ˈkæʒəwəli pleɪst ɔn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈkəntriz, dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ˈhævɪŋ kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz systems”*”, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈpipəl hu tɪ bi treɪnd tɪ noʊ wət tɪ ðə ˈpipəl rɪˈspɑnd, ˌəndərˈstænd wət ðə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt, ɪt ɪz fər naught.”*.” (ˈwɔʃɪŋtən taɪmz, 2004 wət ˈhæpənd ɔn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ əv dɪˈsɛmbər? ðə tsuˈnɑmi wɑz ˈtrɪgərd wɪˈθɪn ˈmɪnəts əv ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk, praɪər tɪ ðə riˈlis əv ðə fərst tsuˈnɑmi ædˈvaɪzəri ˈbʊlɪtən baɪ ðə pəˈsɪfɪk tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɛnər) ɪn həˈwaɪˌi, soʊ ɪt wɑz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə kˈwɛʃən əv ɪˈmɪtɪŋ warning”*” əv ən ˈɪmənənt ˈdeɪnʤər. ðə kəˈtæstrəfi hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈhæpənd. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, baɪ ðə taɪm ðə fərst tsuˈnɑmi ˈbʊlɪtən hæd bɪn ˈɪʃud æt, ðə ˈdɛdli ˈsaɪzmɪk weɪv wɑz ɔˈrɛdi sˈwipɪŋ ˈbændə, ðə ˈkæpɪtəl əv ˈprɑvɪns ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˌsuˈmɑtrə, ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈθaʊzənz əv dɛθs. mɔˈroʊvər, ðɪs ɛks poʊst ˈfæktoʊ ˈbʊlɪtən ɪˈmɪtɪd baɪ ðə, nɑt ˈoʊnli feɪld tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ ən ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ dɪˈzæstər, ɪt dɪd nɑt ˈivɪn wɔrn əv ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈdeɪnʤər əv ə tsuˈnɑmi, wɪn ðə ˈdɛdli ˈsaɪzmɪk weɪv hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈstɑrtɪd, ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ˈdɛnsli ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd ˈɛriəz. ˈbʊlətənz əˈplaɪ tɪ ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈriʤənz əˈʤeɪsənt tɪ ðə pəˈsɪfɪk. fər ˈditeɪlz, ɪn ðə tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ˌɪŋˈkɑnsɪˌstɛnsiz ɪn ðə tsuˈnɑmi ˈbʊlətənz θri deɪz ˈərliər, ɔn ðə əv dɪˈsɛmbər, ə ˈərθkˌweɪk wɑz rɪˈkɔrdɪd wɪθ ən ˈɛpəˌsɛntər ɔf ðə saʊθ pəˈsɪfɪk ˈaɪləndz ðə ˈɪʃud ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ruˈtin tsuˈnɑmi ædˈvaɪzəri: ˈərθkˌweɪk həz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ə ˈwaɪdli dɪˈstrəktɪv tsuˈnɑmi ɪn ðə si nɪr ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk. əˈθɔrətiz ɪn ðət ˈriʤən ʃʊd bi əˈwɛr əv ðɪs possibility.”*.” waɪ ðɛn ɪn ðə keɪs əv ə ˈərθkˌweɪk, wɪʧ ɪz mɔr ðən tɛn taɪmz ˈgreɪtər ɪn ˈmægnəˌtud ðən ə ˈərθkˌweɪk, dɪd ðə əˈθɔrətiz feɪl tɪ ˈivɪn ˈɪʃu ə tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ? ən ɪˈvɛnt əv ðɪs taɪp ənd ˈmægnəˌtud ɪz noʊn ɛz ə ““megathrust,”*,” wɪʧ ɪn ɪts spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪz sɛd tɪ əˈkər ˈɛvəri fju ˈhənərd years.”*.” (si kəˈləmbiə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ərθ ˈɪnstɪˌtut ˈsaɪəntɪsts ɪn fækt səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðə kweɪk hæd ənˈliʃt ɪˈnəf ˈɛnərʤi ðət kʊd hæv rɑkt ðə ərθ ɔf ɪts axis.”*.” (si: juʤ kweɪk ˈrɛzəˌneɪts, ˈkɛrəlɪn waɪ. ˈʤɑnsən, ˈbɔstən gloʊb) ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə list wən wʊd hæv ɪkˈspɛktɪd ɪn ðə keɪs əv ə ““megathrust”*” wɑz ə ˈsɪmələr ruˈtin ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ ðət ˈɪʃud ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈaɪləndz ˈərθkˌweɪk, θri deɪz ˈərliər, ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 23 ɪn ðə tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ðə fərst ˈbʊlɪtən ɪˈmɪtɪd ɔn ðə nɑt ˈoʊnli feɪld tɪ kənˈfɔrm tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃt kraɪˈtɪriə juzd ɪn ˈpriviəs ənd ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈsaɪzmɪk əˈkərənsɪz, ɪt ˈkæʒəwəli dɪsˈmɪst ən ɪˈstæblɪʃt ənd ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkəli ækˈsɛptɪd riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ɪt wər ə 9 ˈərθkˌweɪk wɪθ ðə θˈrəstɪŋ ɪn ən ˈoʊʃən ˈbeɪsən ˈmɑrʤən, ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ðət ɪt wʊd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ə tsunami”*” (ˈdɑktər. ˈʧɑrəlz groʊt, dɪˈrɛktər, ˈjuˈɛs ˌʤiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈsərˌveɪ ɪn ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni tɪ ðə saɪəns kəˈmɪti əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz, 26 ʤæn 2005 ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk tʊk pleɪs æt ɔn ðə əv dɪˈsɛmbər. ˈrəfli faɪv ˈmɪnəts ˈleɪtər ɪt hæd hɪt ðə koʊst əv ˈnɔrðərn ˌsuˈmɑtrə, 11 ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ɪt ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd ˈbændə, ˈkæpɪtəl əv. ˈfɪfˈtin ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk, æt ðə pəˈsɪfɪk tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɛnər ɪn həˈwaɪˌi kənˈfərmd ɪn ɪts ˈbʊlɪtən: ɪz noʊ tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ ər wɔʧ ɪn effect”*” mɔˈroʊvər, boʊθ əˈfɪʃəl ənd nuz rɪˈpɔrts aʊt əv ˈprɑvɪns, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə dɪˈzæstər, wər ˈiðər dɪˈleɪd ər wər nɑt trænzˈmɪtəd ɔn taɪm. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, dɪˈspaɪt ðə drəˈmætɪk ˈneɪʧər əv ðə kweɪk, ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, wɪʧ wɑz əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ril taɪm, feɪld tɪ riʧ ðə ˈkəntriz əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk weɪv. waɪ wər ðə ˈkəntriz nɑt ˌɪnˈfɔrmd əv ən ˌɪmˈpɛndɪŋ dɪˈzæstər? ɪn ðə wərdz əv meɪn ˈsɛnətər oʊˈlɪmpiə snoʊ: wət ˈɛfərts, ɪf ˈɛni, wər meɪd tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ðoʊz ˈəðər ˈneɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈriʤən ðət wər ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn weɪ? ɪf ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ dɪd nɑt hæv ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈkɑnˌtækts, ɛz həz bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd, waɪ wɑz ðɪs ðə keɪs? wɑz ən əˈtɛmpt meɪd tɪ əbˈteɪn ðət ˈkɑnˌtækt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd ɪf nɑt, waɪ nɑt? ðiz ər kˈwɛsʧənz ðət məst bi answered.”*.” ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈmidiə nɑt ˈoʊnli feɪld tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈfeɪljərz ɪn ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm, ðeɪ ədˈmɑnɪʃt ðoʊz hu reɪzd ðə ˈɪʃu. ɪn fækt, ˈɛni ˈsɪriəs æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm wɑz dɪsˈmɪst ˈaʊˈtraɪt. ə fju prɛs rɪˈpɔrts, ˌnənðəˈlɛs, kənˈfərmd ðət, wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ənd ɔˈstreɪljə, ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈkəntriz hæd nɑt bɪn ˌɪnˈfɔrmd. ðiz seɪm rɪˈpɔrts, ˈlɑrʤli beɪst ɔn ˈsteɪtmənts əv ðə pəˈsɪfɪk tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm) ɪn həˈwaɪˌi, ˈɔlsoʊ ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ənd ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈneɪvi beɪs ɔn ðə ˈaɪlənd əv diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə ɪn ðə ˌɑrʧəpəˈleɪˌgoʊ hæd bɪn ˈduli ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd. ɪn ˈrɛtrəˌspɛkt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðiz ˈərliər prɛs rɪˈpɔrts (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɑr oʊn æˈnælɪsɪs nid tɪ bi kˈwɑləˌfaɪd. ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiət weɪk əv ðə dɪˈzæstər, ðeɪ kwoʊt əˈfɪʃəl ˈsteɪtmənts tɪ ðə ˈifɛkt ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri hæd bɪn ˌɪnˈfɔrmd baɪ ðə, wɪn ɪn fækt ðə wɑz ɔn ðə end”*” əv ðə floʊ əv ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə. (si əv ə ˈnæʧərəl dɪˈzæstər ˈrɪʧərd ˈnɔrtən ˈteɪlər, ˈjuˈɛs ˈaɪlənd beɪs ˈgɪvɪn ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ˈbʊlətənz sɛnt tɪ diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə hæv seɪvd lives’*’, ðə ˈgɑrdiən, ʤæn 2005 ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɑz noʊn tɪ ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˈnɛtˌwərk əv ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz əˈpɑn ˈkloʊzər ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən, ðə ˈbʊlətənz ər bət ðə tɪp əv ðə ˈaɪsbərg: ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðə kweɪk wɑz noʊn ənd əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ril taɪm, tɪ ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˈnɛtˌwərk əv ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz. ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ɔn hænd ənd ækˈsɛsəbəl tɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈgəvərnmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz boʊθ ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. ˈnumərəs əˈfɪʃəlz, ˈsaɪəntɪsts, ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈsərvɪsɪz, hæd ədˈvænst ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ən ˌɪmˈpɛndɪŋ dɪˈzæstər. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, wi ər nɑt ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈfeɪljərz əv ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɛnər ɪn ewo*, həˈwaɪˌi, bət wɪθ ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˈwərldˈwaɪd ˈnɛtˌwərk əv ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤri ənd ˈəðər səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˈdætə, wɪʧ wɑz əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. hu ˌɪnˈfɔrmz hum? ðə kˈwɛʃən ɪz nɑt waɪ ðə dɪd nɑt ɪˈmɪt ə tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ bət waɪ dɪd ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˈgloʊbəl ˈnɛtˌwərk əv ˈsaɪəntɪsts ənd əˈfɪʃəlz nɑt ɪˈmɪt ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ, ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ wən əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst kweɪks ɪn rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈhɪstəri. waɪl ðə hæd ˌɪnˈdid ˈfɔrməli ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ənd ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri æt ðə diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə ˈaɪlənd beɪs, ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɔˈrɛdi nu, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə hæd bɪn ˈprɑsɛst wɪˈθɪn ˈmɪnəts baɪ ən ˈeɪʤənsi ˈəndər ðə ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər, ˈneɪmli ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈərθkˌweɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛnər) beɪst ɪn ˈgoʊldən (kloʊz tɪ ˈdɛnvər), ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ. ˈnæʃənəl ˈərθkˌweɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsərvɪs (niz) əv ðə ju. ɛs. ˌʤiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈsərˌveɪ ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd æt ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈərθkˌweɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛnər) ɪn ˈgoʊldən, ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ, ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ sərvz ɛz wərld ˈdætə ˈsɛnər ə fər ˌsaɪzˈmɑləʤi. ðə niz ɪz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈkaʊnsəl əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsɪstəm (cnss*) wɪʧ koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪts ækˈtɪvɪtiz əˈməŋ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ənd ˈriʤənəl ˈnɛtˌwərks, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ quake”*” ˈsərvɪsɪz. ðə niz ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkloʊsli əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə juz. ˈnæʃənəl ˈnɛtˌwərk (usnsn*) ənd koʊˈɑpərˌeɪts wɪθ ˈnæʃənəl ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌsaɪzməˈlɔʤəkəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz əraʊnd ðə wərld. ənˈlaɪk ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə cnss*, ðə niz ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ɔn ˈmɑdərˌeɪt tɪ lɑrʤ ˈərθkˌweɪks θruaʊt ðə ju. ɛs. ənd lɑrʤ ˈərθkˌweɪks worldwide…*… ɔn ən ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈbeɪsɪs, ɔl ˈərθkˌweɪk ˈərli əˈlərtɪŋ ˈsərvɪs əˈlɑrm ɪˈvɛnts wɪl bi meɪd əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ðə ““quake”*” lɪst. æt ə ˈmɪnəməm, ðɪs includes…*… moʊst ˈfɔrən ˈərθkˌweɪks əv ˈmægnəˌtud ər ˈgreɪtər. ɪn ˈpræktɪs, ˈmɛni ˈfɔrən ˈərθkˌweɪks sˈmɔlər ðən ə ˈmægnəˌtud əv wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi prəˈvaɪdɪd ɔn ən ˌɪˈmiˌdiət basis…”*…” fər ˈfərðər ˈditeɪlz: si ðə ˈdætə dɪd nɑt ərˈɪʤəˌneɪt æt ðə, wɪʧ ɪz pɑrt əv ðə ˈwɛðər ˈsərvɪs əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌoʊʃiˈænɪk ənd ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən (ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ) ˈəndər ðə ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈkɑmərs. ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə wɑz rɪˈkɔrdɪd boʊθ wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈriʤən ənd əraʊnd ðə wərld baɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈsteɪʃənz, ˈriˌleɪd tɪ ə ˈnɛtˌwərk əv ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsɛnərz ɪn ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkəntriz. (si bɪˈloʊ). ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, oʊˈmɪʃənz ənd ˈfeɪljərz ɪn ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən rɛd teɪp, wər baɪ noʊ minz ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ðə, wɪʧ ɪz ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ˈɪntu ə ˈgloʊbəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈnɛtˌwərk wɪʧ ˈrɛkərdz, ˈprɑsɛsəz ənd trænzˈmɪts ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə ɪn nɪr ril taɪm. ˈsɛvərəl ki ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛnər wərld ˈdætə ˈsɛnər fər ˌsaɪzˈmɑləʤi, ˈdɛnvər) ənd ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən speɪs ˈeɪʤənsi) əˈməŋ ˈəðərz, ər pɑrt əv ðɪs ˈnɛtˌwərk, ənd kʊd hæv ˈduli ədˈvaɪzd ðə ˈkəntriz kənˈsərnd. wɛr dɪd ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə ərˈɪʤəˌneɪt frəm? ðɪs ˈɪʃu, wɪʧ ɪz ˈkruʃəl tɪ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðə flɔz ɪn ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm, wɑz ˈbɛrli ˈmɛnʃənd baɪ ðə ˈmidiə. ðə ˈdætə rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈmægnəˌtud əv ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd frəm fɔr ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsteɪʃənz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən, ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd baɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl dɪˈplɔɪmənt əv ækˌsɛlərˈɑmətərz (ˈaɪdə) ˈprɑʤɛkt ðə skrɪps ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən əv ˌoʊʃəˈnɑgrəfi (sio*) æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə æt sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ˈoʊvərˈsiz ðə ˈaɪdə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsteɪʃənz. ɪn tərn, ðə ˈaɪdə ɪz ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ˈɪntu ðə ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ˈrisərʧ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz fər ˌsaɪzˈmɑləʤi (ˈaɪrɪs) ənd ɪts ˈgloʊbəl ˈnɛtˌwərk ənd ˈɪntu ðə ˈdætə ˈsɪstəm əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈərθkˌweɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛnər wərld ˈdætə ˈsɛnər fər ˌsaɪzˈmɑləʤi, ˈdɛnvər (wdcs-d*)). (si ˈɛrɪk wɑˈdɛl, ðə tsuˈnɑmi: waɪ ðeɪ wɔrnd? ʤæn 2005 ˈsɪgnəlz θri ˈmɪnəts, ˈθərˌdi ˈsɛkəndz ˈæftər ðə kweɪk began”*” ɪn ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈkɑŋgrəs (ʤæn 26 2005 skrɪps (sio*) ʤɑn ˈɔrkət kənˈfərmd ðət telemetry”*”, ˈneɪmli ðə ˈtrænsfər əv ˈdætə ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈviə foʊn laɪn, ˈkeɪbəl, ər ˈsætəˌlaɪt ɪz ˈsɛntrəl tɪ ðə ˈmænˌdeɪt: əkˈwaɪərd ˈviə təˈlɛmətri meɪ bi juzd ɛz [ə] :tsuˈnɑmi warning:…*:… prɑmpt trænzˈmɪʃən əv ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə ˈpərˌmɪts ˈɛkspərts tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ˈərθkˌweɪks kˈwɪkli, əˈsɛs ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd ðeɪ hæv ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ə tsuˈnɑmi, ənd prɪˈdɪkt wɪn ðə dɪˈstrəktɪv weɪv wɪl əraɪv. səʧ priˈdɪkʃənz hæv ɔˈrɛdi seɪvd ˈnumərəs ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈaɪdə, skrɪps ˈdɑktər. ˈɔrkət ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈfərmd ðət ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 26 ðə ˈdætə pərˈteɪnɪŋ tɪ ðə kweɪk hæd bɪn frəm 30 ˈaɪdə ˈsteɪʃənz ənd hæd bɪn ənd ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈfɔrwərdɪd baɪ kəmˈpjutər tɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈərθkˌweɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛnər) ɪn ˈgoʊldən, ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ ənd ðə ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɛnərz ɪn həˈwaɪˌi ənd alaska”*”: tɪ ðɛr prɑkˈsɪməti tɪ ðə ɪˈvɛnt, ˈaɪdə ˈsteɪʃənz wər ˈkrɪtɪkəl ɪn ðə ˈərli dɪˈtɛkʃən əv ðə dɪˈsɛmbər ˈərθkˌweɪk. ðə tu ˈkloʊsəst ˈgloʊbəl ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsteɪʃənz, ˈaɪdə ˈsteɪʃənz ɔn ˈkoʊˌkoʊz (ˈkilɪŋ) ˈaɪlənd ənd ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə, rɪˈsivd ˈsɪgnəlz θri ˈmɪnəts, ˈθərˌdi ˈsɛkəndz ˈæftər ðə kweɪk bɪˈgæn. ˈdætə frəm ðiz ənd ˈəðər ˈaɪdə ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈriʤən wər juzd baɪ ðə, ənd ˈəðər ˈsɪvəl, ˌækəˈdɛmɪk, ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈsɪstəmz tɪ kˈwɪkli dɪˈtərmən ðə saɪz ənd location.”*.” (ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ ðə saɪəns kəˈmɪti əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz, 26 ʤæn 2005 ˈɛmfəsɪs ˈædɪd). ˌkɑntrəˈdɪktɪŋ ðə ˈsəbstəns əv hɪz oʊn ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni, ˈdɑktər. ˈɔrkət ˈsteɪtɪd ðət skrɪps (sio*) əˈfɪʃəlz gɑt ðə nuz frəm ðə, baɪ iˈmeɪl wən aʊər ənd 17 ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk, wɪn ɪn fækt ɪt wɑz ðə skrɪps ˈaɪdə ˈsteɪʃənz, ðət hæd trænzˈmɪtəd ðə ˈdætə ɪn nɪr ril taɪm tɪ ðə ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs, ənd ðət ðɪs ˈdætə hæd bɪn meɪd əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈəðər ˈeɪʤənsiz, ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli: stæf fərst ˈlərnɪd əv ðə kweɪk æt piɛm (wən aʊər ˈsɛvənˈtin ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk) wɪn ðeɪ rɪˈsivd ˈnoʊtɪs ˈviə ˌɔtəˈmætɪk iˈmeɪl frəm ðə əv ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈərθkˌweɪk dɪˈtɛkʃən. [skrɪps ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən əv ˌoʊʃəˈnɑgrəfi] ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈsivd ən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri frəm ðə ˈlæŋkə ˈɑpərˌeɪtər æt (wən aʊər ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə kweɪk) ˈæskɪŋ ˈwɛðər ðɛr hæd bɪn ˈɛni ˈərθkˌweɪks ɪn ər nɪr ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə. ðə ˈɑpərˌeɪtər hæd rɪˈsivd ˈmɛni foʊn kɔlz frəm ˈloʊkəl ˈrɛzɪdənts hu hæd fɛlt ˈtrɛmərz ənd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ noʊ ðə sɔrs. ˈænəlɪst rɪˈplaɪd æt wɪθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt əv ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ənd ə plɑt əv ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk weɪvz rɪˈkɔrdɪd baɪ ðə ˈaɪdə ˈsteɪʃən ɪn ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ lanka.”*.” (ibid*) nɑt ɪkˈsplɪsətli ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn ˈdɑktər. ˈsteɪtmənt ɪz ðət wən əv ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈaɪdə ˈsteɪʃənz, wɪʧ trænzˈmɪtəd ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər, (diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə) ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɔn ðə saɪt əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs ɪn ðə ˌɑrʧəpəˈleɪˌgoʊ. bɪˈkeɪm ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2004 ðə ˈəðər θri ˈsteɪʃənz ər: ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsteɪʃənz əv ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk, ðə kweɪk wɑz rɪˈkɔrdɪd æt ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkəntriz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈʧaɪnə, ˈrəʃə ənd ʤəˈpæn, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ˈsɛvərəl ˈsaɪzmɪk stations”*” ɪn ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ɛz wɛl ɛz wən ɪn ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə. (parapat*, saɪ ɑgˈzɪljəri ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsteɪʃən 98 ɪz ðə ˈkloʊsəst fəˈsɪlɪti tɪ ðə ˈɛpəˌsɛntər). (si ɑgˈzɪljəri ˈsteɪʃənz ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈsteɪʃənz du nɑt trænzˈmɪt ˈdætə ɪn ril taɪm tɪ ðə ˈaɪdə) ðə ʧeɪn əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈdætə wɑz trænzˈmɪtəd ɪn ril taɪm frəm ðə fɔr ˈaɪdə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈsteɪʃənz (diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə), ˈkoʊˌkoʊ (ˈkoʊˌkoʊz [ˈkilɪŋ] ˈaɪləndz (ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə), ənd (ˈseɪʃɛlz) tɪ boʊθ ðə ˈaɪrɪs ənd ˈsɛnərz, wɛr ðeɪ wər ðɛn ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli (ɪn ril taɪm) tɪ ðə ɛz wɛl ɛz tɪ ˈəðər ˈeɪʤənsiz ənd ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz. ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈsteɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk ɪˈstæblɪʃt ɪn ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri 2004 ɪz diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə,. sɔrs: (klɪk mæp tɪ gɪt ˈsteɪʃən ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən) ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, waɪl ðə prɛs rɪˈpɔrts ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðət ðə diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə ˈaɪlənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs wɑz ˈfɔrməli ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd əv ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz əv ə ˈsaɪzmɪk weɪv, wət ðeɪ feɪld tɪ ˈmɛnʃən wɑz ðət pɑrt əv ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə juzd baɪ ðə tɪ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ɪts ædˈvaɪzəri hæd ɪn fækt ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd ɪn diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə, ənd ðət ðə ˈdætə frəm diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə (təˈgɛðər wɪθ ðət əv θri ˈəðər ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈsteɪʃənz) hæd ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn trænzˈmɪtəd tɪ ðə ənd ˈnɛtˌwərks. ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs æt diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsteɪʃən (diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə) ɪz ɪn ə vɔlt ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɔn ðə graʊnz əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɛr dip speɪs sərˈveɪləns (geodss*) ˈsteɪʃən æt ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs. (ðə diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə fəˈsɪlɪti prəˈvaɪdz sərˈveɪləns data”*” θru θri ˈpaʊərfəl ˈtɛləˌskoʊps. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmɑnətərz ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɑbʤɛkts ənd meteorites*; ˌkɑnˈkɑmətəntli, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈjuzɪz ˈdætə.) ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsteɪʃən æt diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə ɪˈstæblɪʃt ɪn ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri 2004 trænzˈmɪts ˈdætə tɪ ˈaɪrɪs ənd ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt ˌɪnˈstɔld ɪn ðə ˈəndərˌgraʊnd vɔlt. ðə ˈsɛnsərz rɛst ɔn ðə ˈsɛntrəl pɪr, wɪʧ ɪz dɪˈrɛkli əˈtæʧt tɪ ðə ˈkɔrəl ðət ˌəndərˈlaɪz ðə vɔlt soʊ ðət ðə ˈɪnstrəmənts kən bɛst ˈrɛkərd ðə ˈʃeɪkɪŋ kɔzd ɛz ˈsaɪzmɪk weɪvz ˈtrævəl θru ðə ərθ. waɪl wɑz ɪˈstæblɪʃt wɪθ ðə kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, ɪt ɪz ˈkætəgərˌaɪzd ɛz ə səˈvɪljən ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk fəˈsɪlɪti. ðə ˈleɪtər ˈjuzɪz ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz fəˈsɪlɪtiz tɪ trænzˈmɪt ɪts ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈridɪŋz tɪ ðə ˈsɛnər ɪn siˈætəl. ˈwɛðər ðə ˈridɪŋz frəm wər dɪˈrɛkli əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌpərsəˈnɛl ɔn loʊˈkeɪʃən æt diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə æt ðə fəˈsɪlɪti ɪz nɑt noʊn, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈθɔrətiz wʊd moʊst ˈprɑbəˌbli hæv nɪr ril taɪm ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə ˈmɑnətərd baɪ ənd ˈəðər ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsɛnərz, wɪʧ ər hʊkt əp tɪ ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ɪn ɔl ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd, ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri hæd ðə ˈrɛləvənt ˈdætə ɔn ðɛr kəmˈpjutər skrinz wɪˈθɪn ˈmɪnəts əv ɪts trænzˈmɪʃən. mɔr ˈʤɛnərəli, ðɛr ər kloʊz ˌɪntərˈeɪʤənsi lɪŋks bɪtˈwin ðə ˈrɛləvənt səˈvɪljən ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɛntɪtiz. ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ, waɪl ˈfɔrməli ə səˈvɪljən ˈbɑdi ˈəndər ðə ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən əv ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈkɑmərs, ɪz ˈhɛdɪd baɪ ə ˈfɔrmər vaɪs ˈædmərəl, ənd ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ ˈwɛðər ˈsərvɪsɪz, wɪʧ ˈoʊvərˌsiz ðə ɪn həˈwaɪˌi ənd əˈlæskə ɪz ədˈmɪnɪstərd baɪ ə rɪˈtaɪrd ˈjuˈɛs ɛr fɔrs brɪg. ˈʤɛnərəl. (si ðə ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsɪstəm əv ðə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈtriti (ctbto*) ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈsteɪʃənz, ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsɪstəm (ims*) əv ðə ˈprɛprəˌtɔri kəˈmɪʃən fər ðə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈtriti ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən (ctbto*) beɪst ɪn viˈɛnə, ˈɑpərˌeɪts ˈsɛvərəl ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈriʤən, θri əv wɪʧ ər ɪn fækt ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə ˌɑrʧəpəˈleɪˌgoʊ (ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri). (si mæp bɪˈloʊ) tu əv ðiz ˈsteɪʃənz ər ˈsɪʧuˌeɪtɪd dɪˈrɛkli ɔn ðə saɪt əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðɛr ər ɪn ɔl fɔr ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˌɑrʧəpəˈleɪˌgoʊ, wɪʧ juz ðə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈsɪstəm əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs. ðə kənˈfərmd ðət ɪt rɪˈkɔrdɪd ðə dɪˈsɛmbər ˈərθkˌweɪk æt 78 əv ɪts ˈsteɪʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðoʊz ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ɪn nɪr ril taɪm, ˈsɛkəndz tɪ ˈmɪnəts əv ðə event.”*.” (əv ðə 78 ˈsteɪʃənz, 71 wər ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk, sɪks ðə ənd wən ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤiz. ðə ˈlætər ˈsteɪʃən) wɑz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd wɪˈθɪn prɑkˈsɪməti əv ðə diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs ɪn ðə ˌɑrʧəpəˈleɪˌgoʊ. ðə kənˈfərmz ɪn ðɪs rɪˈgɑrd ðət fərst ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ɪˈvɛnt lɪst kənˈteɪnɪŋ ðə ˌsuˈmɑtrə ˈərθkˌweɪk wɑz riˈlist baɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈdætə ˈsɛnər (idc*) ɪn viˈɛnə tu aʊərz ˈæftər ðə event.”*.” ɪt ˌnənðəˈlɛs kənˈfərmz ðət ðə ˈdætə frəm ðə ˈmɑnətərɪŋ stations”*” wər kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪd nɪr ril time”*” ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli) tɪ ˈnæʃənəl ˈdætə ˈsɛnərz əv steɪt ˈsɪgnəˌtɔriz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɔˈstreɪljə, ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ənd ˈtaɪˌlænd. (si tɛkst əv prɛs riˈlis fɔr ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˌɑrʧəpəˈleɪˌgoʊ ðə fərst nuz rɪˈpɔrts ˌəndərˈskɔrd ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs æt diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə hæd bɪn ˈgɪvɪn ədˈvænst ˈwɔrnɪŋ, bət ðət ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən riʧt ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈfɪʃəlz æt ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈaɪlənd ˈneɪvəl beɪs ““after”*” ðə tsuˈnɑmi hæd hɪt ˈɪndiə ənd ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə: ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ lɔg ʃoʊz ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs pəˈsɪfɪk kəˈmænd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə, wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈwɔrnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə tsuˈnɑmi səm tu ənd θri kˈwɔrtər aʊərz ˈæftər ðə earthquake”*” (ðə ˈgɑrdiən, 7 ʤæn 2005 ðə fækt əv ðə ˈmætər, ɛz ˈmɛnʃənd ˈərliər, ɪz ðət ðə ˈdætə kənˈsərnɪŋ ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd frəm ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsteɪʃənz ˈsɪʧuˌeɪtɪd ɔn ðə saɪt əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈaɪlənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs æt diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə wɪθ ɪts ədˈvænst ˈmɑnətərɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪtiz, ˈrisərʧ læbz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. wɑz nɑt ðə ““recipient”*” bət ˈrəðər source”*” əv ðə ˈrɛləvənt ˈdætə rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk. (si ˈteɪbəl 1 ɪt ɪz ðə sɔrs nɑt ˈoʊnli əv ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən (nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ) bət əv ˈəðər taɪps əv ˈdætə, juzd tɪ ˌæsərˈteɪn ðə ˈkɔzɪz əv ən ˈərθkˌweɪk, frəm θri ˈəðər ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈaɪləndz, wɪʧ ər lɪŋkt əp tɪ ðə/ ðə viˈɛnə beɪst ˈɔlsoʊ hæd ˈrɛləvənt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, wɪˈθɪn ˈmɪnəts əv ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk. tɪ deɪt, nən əv ðə ˈdætə rɪˈkɔrdɪd æt ɪts ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈsteɪʃənz həz bɪn meɪd ˈpəblɪk, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt ɪz ˈnɔrməli trænzˈmɪtəd tɪ ðə ˈsɪgnəˌtɔri ˈgəvərnmənts ənd ɪz noʊ daʊt ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri. ðə ˈfəŋkʃənz əv ðiz θri ˈsteɪʃənz ˈəndər ðə ˈmænˌdeɪt ər ɛz ˈfɑloʊz: ˈjuzɪz ˈsaɪzmɪk, ənd ˈmɑnətərɪŋ tɛkˈnɑləʤiz tɪ dɪˈtɛkt ðə ˈtrænʒənt ˈsɪgnəlz kriˈeɪtɪd wɪn ðə ˈɛnərʤi ɪz riˈlist ɪn ˈəndərˌgraʊnd, ˈəndərˌwɔtər ənd ˈætməsˌfɪr ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts, rɪˈspɛktɪvli. ˈmɑnətərɪŋ tɛkˈnɑləʤiz kəˈlɛkt ənd ˈænəˌlaɪz ɛr ˈsæmpəlz fər ˈɛvədəns əv ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈprɑdəkts kriˈeɪtɪd ənd ˈkɛrid baɪ ðə wɪndz. ˈsaɪzmɪk, ənd, ər ðə weɪv tɛkˈnɑləʤiz, ɔl ˈjutəˌlaɪz ˈsɛnsərz wɪʧ ˈrɛkərd ˈsɪgnəlz frəm ɪkˈsploʊʒənz ənd ˈnæʧərəli əˈkərɪŋ ɪˈvɛnts ɪn ðə fɔrm əv ˈdɪʤɪtəl. ðiz ˈdɪʤɪtəl ər taɪm ˈsɪriz prəˈvaɪd ˌdaɪəgˈnɑstɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ dɪˈtɛkt, ˈloʊˌkeɪt ənd ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪz ðə ˈɛnərʤi sɔrs. tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz beɪst ɔn ɛr ˈsæmplərz wɪʧ kəˈlɛkt ənd ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk pərˈtɪkjələt ˈmætər dɪˈpɑzətəd ɔn kəˈlɛkʃən ˈfɪltərz. ðə æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə ˈkɑntɛnt juˈnikli kənˈfərmz ðə fækt əv ə ˈnukliər explosion.”*.” (fər ˈfərðər ˈditeɪlz si, cbto*, ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˌvɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən rəˈʒim ənd ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsɪstəm, viˈɛnə, 2001 ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə ˈdætə kəˈlɛktəd baɪ ðə θri ˈaɪləndz ˈsteɪʃənz hæv ðə kəˈpæsɪti əv ʃɑk weɪvz ˈɛməˌneɪtɪŋ frəm ə ˈnukliər ɪkˈsploʊʒən ˈəndərˌgraʊnd, ɪn ðə siz ənd ɪn ðə ɛr, ɛz wɛl ɛz dɪˈtɛktɪŋ ˌreɪdioʊˈæktɪv dəˈbri riˈlist ˈɪntu ðə atmosphere.”*.” ðɪs ˈdætə kʊd ʃɛd laɪt ɔn ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə dɪˈzæstər, waɪl ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈspɛlɪŋ ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən baɪ səm nuz ˈmidiə ðət ðə tsuˈnɑmi kʊd hæv bɪn kɔzd baɪ ən ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ɪkˈsploʊʒən. ɪt ɪz ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈkruʃəl ðət ðə ˈridɪŋz frəm ðiz θri ˈsteɪʃənz, wɪʧ ər əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ðə ˈsɪgnəˌtɔri ˈgəvərnmənts, bi ˈprɑmptli riˈlist ənd ˈænəˌlaɪzd. mæp əv diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs ənd ˌɑrʧəpəˈleɪˌgoʊ klɪk ˈɪmɪʤ tɪ ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ril taɪm ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə (ɛz wɛl ɛz, ənd ˈdætə), ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ðə dɪˈzæstər ɔn ðə nɔrθ ˌsuˈmɑtrə ˈkoʊˌstlaɪn wər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl ɪn nɪr ril taɪm tɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈeɪʤənsiz ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz. ðə ˈjuˈɛs həz ən ədˈvænst satellite”*” ˈsɪstəm, wɪθ ˈvɛri prɪˈsaɪs ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz əv ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə təreɪn, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə ˈnæʧərəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɑbʤɛkts. ðə ˈnæʃənəl riˈkɑnəsəns ˈɔfəs (nro*), wɪʧ wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ðə fərst spaɪ ˈsætəˌlaɪts əv ðə koʊld wɔr ˈɪrə ˈɑpərˌeɪts ə səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˈsɪstəm əv riˈkɑnəsəns ˈsætəˌlaɪts, wɪʧ trænzˈmɪt ˈɪmɪʤri ənd ˈəðər ˈdætə ɪn ril taɪm. ðə ˈdætə rɪˈsivd baɪ ðə ər ˈriˌleɪd tɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt/ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈbɑdiz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv dɪˈfɛns ənd ðə siaɪeɪ. ɛz pɑrt əv ɪts ˈmænˌdeɪt, ðə həz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ: wɔrn əv pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈtrəbəl spɑts əraʊnd ðə wərld, hɛlp plæn ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ənd ˈmɑnətər ðə environment”*” ðə həz kloʊz lɪŋks tɪ ðə diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə beɪs frəm wɪʧ ɪt ˈɑpərˌeɪts ˈgloʊbəl ˈbrɔdˌkæst system”*”, ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˈbrɔdˌbænd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm. ˈsætəˌlaɪt pɑrkt əˈbəv ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈaɪlənd əv diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə ˈriˌleɪd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm ˈvɪdioʊ fidz əv ˈprɛdətər uavs*, tɪ ˈvɪdioʊ fər ˈspɛʃəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˈsoʊlʤərz ɔn ˈhɔrsˌbæk ɪn rɪˈmoʊt ˈriʤənz əv ˈwɛstərn afghanistan.”*.” si əˈnəðər ki ˈjuˈɛs ˈbɑdi, ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤri ɪz ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈeɪʤənsi, (nga*) ˈfɔrmərli noʊn ɛz ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪmɪʤri ənd ˈmæpɪŋ ˈeɪʤənsi. ðə ˈlætər wɑz ɪn fækt ðə ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl pəˈzɪʃənɪŋ ˈsɪstəm (ˈgipiˈɛs), wɪʧ wɑz kənˈdusɪv tɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈsɪstəm əv ˈgloʊbəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (geoint*). ɪz pɑrt əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs dɪˈfɛns ˈsɪstəm, ɪt sərvz ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv dɪˈfɛns ənd ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəmˈjunɪti. ɪt həz ˈvɛri prɪˈsaɪs ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz əv ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ənd ˈfɪzɪkəl təreɪn baɪ ˈsætəˌlaɪt, ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə wərld, ˈjuzɪŋ ðə tɛkˈniks əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (geoint*). ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɪz dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ ðə ɛz: moʊst ˈvæljəbəl tul fər ɛnˈvɪʒənɪŋ ənd prɪˈdɪktɪŋ ækˈtɪvɪti əraʊnd ðə wərld. ɪt sərvz ˈɛniˌwən frəm ðə waɪt haʊs tɪ ðə pilothouse*, frəm ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən rum tɪ ðə ˈrɛdi room”*” ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, steɪt əv ðə ɑrt ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤri (əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, səˈvɪljən ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈpraɪvət kəˈmərʃəl ˈɛntɪtiz) prəˈvaɪdz ril taɪm sɛt əv eyes”*”. wɪθ rɪˈgɑrd, tɪ ðə tsuˈnɑmi əv dɪˈsɛmbər 26 ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤɪz wər əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kənˈfərmz ɪn ðɪs rɪˈgɑrd, ðət ɪt həz ˈækˌsɛs frəm ɪts ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈsɪstəmz ˈvaɪtəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɪn ril time”*”. ðiz ril taɪm ˈɪmɪʤɪz wər juzd ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli ɪn ðə ˌɪˈrɑk ənd ˈæfˌgæn wɔr ˈθiətərz. (ˈhirɪŋz əv sɛn ɑrmd ˈsərvɪsɪz kəˈmɪti, 25 ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri 2004 ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən speɪs ˈeɪʤənsi ril taɪm ˈsaɪzmɪk ənd ˈəðər ˈdætə (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤri) wər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkəntriz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈrəʃə, ˈʧaɪnə, ʤəˈpæn ənd ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən. ɪn ðɪs rɪˈgɑrd, ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən speɪs ˈeɪʤənsi wɪʧ həz lɪŋks tɪ ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ, həz access”*” ɪn ril taɪm tɪ ˈdætə frəm ˈsætəˌlaɪts ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈvɛri prɪˈsaɪs ˈɪmɪʤri wɪʧ əˈlaʊz: kəmˈplit ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl fəˈnɑmənə tɪ bi əbˈzərvd tɪ ən ˈækjərəsi ənd ɪnˈtaɪərti ɪt wʊd teɪk ən ˈɑrmi əv graʊnd ˈlɛvəl əbˈzərvərz tɪ match”*” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤ həz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ ʃoʊ ðə sprɛd əv ɛr pəˈluʃən əˈkrɔs ə ˈkɑntənənt, ðə prɪˈsaɪs ˈdæmɪʤ dən tɪ ə ˈriʤən baɪ ən ˈərθkˌweɪk ər ə ˈfɔrɪst faɪərz, ər ðə ɪnˈtaɪər spæn əv ə 500, ˈhərəˌkeɪnz frəm ðə ˈkɑmnəs əv ɪts aɪ tɪ ɪts ˈaʊtərˌmoʊst stɔrm frənts. ðə seɪm speɪs beɪst ˈsɛnsər ˈgæðərz ˈdætə frəm saɪts əˈkrɔs ðə wərld, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈpleɪsɪz tu rɪˈmoʊt ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˌɪnəkˈsɛsəbəl fər graʊnd beɪst ˈdætə acquisition.”*.” ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈɪmɪʤri, ðə ˈsætəˌlaɪt trænzˈmɪts ˈəðər ˈrɛləvənt ˈdætə wɪʧ ˈmɛʒərz ˈvɛri ˈækjərətli motion”*” ənd height”*”: ˈsɛnsərz noʊn ɛz ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈɪnstrəmənts ˈæktɪvli ʃaɪn ˈmaɪkroʊˌweɪvz ˈpəlsɪz daʊn tɪ ərθ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈrɛkərd haʊ ðiz ˈpəlsɪz gɪt rɪˈflɛktɪd bæk əp tɪ speɪs. ðiz ˈɪnstrəmənts ˈmɛʒər ˈsərfəs ˈrəfnəs ˌɪnˈstɛd əv laɪt ər hit ˈɛnərʤi, ənd hæv ðə ædˈvæntɪʤ əv biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ si θru klaʊd ənd ˈdɑrknəs. ənd baɪ kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ təˈgɛðər ˈdɪfərənt ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ðə seɪm loʊˈkeɪʃən ə tɛkˈnik noʊn ɛz ˈtaɪni graʊnd ˈmoʊʃən kən bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd. ə ˈdɪfərənt taɪp əv ˈɪnstrəmənt neɪmd ən ælˈtɪmətər ˈrɛkərdz ˈvɛri prɪˈsaɪsli ðə taɪm ɪt teɪks fər ə ˈmaɪkrəˌweɪv ər ˈleɪzər pəls tɪ bi baʊnst bæk tɪ ðə ˈsætəˌlaɪt, ˈmɛʒərɪŋ boʊθ lænd ənd si haɪt tɪ ən ˈækjərəsi əv ə fju ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən speɪs ˈeɪʤənsi) ɪz pɑrt əv ə ˈnɛtˌwərk. ɪt ɪz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈʧɑrtər: speɪs ənd ˈmeɪʤər dɪˈzæstərz əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈsɛntər ˈnæʃənəl (cnes*), ðə kəˈneɪdiən speɪs ˈeɪʤənsi (csa*), ðə ˈɪndiən speɪs ˈrisərʧ ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən (isro*), ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌoʊʃiˈænɪk ənd ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən (ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ) ənd ˌneɪˈsiənəl də (conae*) waɪl ““before”*” ənd ““after”*” ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ðə dɪˈzæstər hæv bɪn meɪd ˈpəblɪk, ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz wɪʧ ʃoʊ ðə ˈprɑˌgrɛs ənd ˈmuvmənt əv ðə tsuˈnɑmi, ɪn ðə ˈpɪriəd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ərθ kweɪk hæv nɑt bɪn riˈlist. kənˈkludɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks: ðə nid fər ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm mɔr ðən ə kˈwɔrtər əv ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl hæv daɪd ɪn wən əv ðə moʊst ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ˈnæʧərəl dɪˈzæstərz. ðə ˈoʊvərˌraɪdɪŋ ˈɪʃuz pərˈteɪnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɪstəmz, ˈkænɑt draʊnd ər brəʃt əˈsaɪd. ðeɪ məst bi ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt əv ə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri, ˈprɛfərəbli baɪ ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈbɑdi. ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt həz ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd ə ˈnəmbər əv brɔd ˈɪʃuz pərˈteɪnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈnɛtˌwərk. ðə ˈlætər rikˈwaɪərz dɪˈteɪld ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri. wət ˈeɪʤənsiz ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən, ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən ˈkəntriz ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli wər ˌɪnˈfɔrmd? ðə ˈfeɪljərz ər baɪ noʊ minz ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈnɛtˌwərk. wɪn wər ðeɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrmd? wət taɪp əv ˈdætə dɪd ðeɪ hæv? səm əv ðət ˈdætə həz nɑt bɪn riˈlist. waɪ dɪd ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən nɑt riʧ ðə ˈpipəl ɔn taɪm ɪn ðə ˈkəntriz əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðə tsuˈnɑmi? wət ˈfæktərz, ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv, ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz, kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm biɪŋ trænzˈmɪtəd? wi ər nɑt ˈdilɪŋ ˈstrɪktli wɪθ ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə. ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ðə ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˌsuˈmɑtrə wər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl. ˈəðər taɪps əv ˈdætə wər ˈɔlsoʊ trænzˈmɪtəd ɪn nɪr ril taɪm baɪ ˈsætəˌlaɪt. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə, ðə viˈɛnə beɪst ˈmɑnətərz ənd kəmˈpaɪlz, ənd ˈdætə, wɪʧ ɪz trænzˈmɪtəd ɪn nɪr ril taɪm frəm ɪts ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ θri ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈaɪləndz ˌɑrʧəpəˈleɪˌgoʊ). mɔˈroʊvər, ˈsætəˌlaɪt riˈkɑnəsəns tɛkˈnɑləʤi, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə juz əv ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən ˈmɑdəlz, hæv ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ əˈsɛs ənd ˈmɑnətər ðə spid əv ðə tsuˈnɑmi ɪn nɪr ril taɪm. ðə əˈprɑksəˌmeɪt spid əv ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk weɪv wɑz noʊn ənd kənˈfərmd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə nuz rɪˈpɔrts, ðə tsuˈnɑmi wɑz ˈmuvɪŋ æt ə spid əv ˈrəfli 20 ə ˈmɪnət (ɔn ˈævərɪʤ) ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə. ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɑz noʊn tɪ ðə ənd ˈəðər ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsɛnərz wɪˈθɪn lɛs ðən fɔr ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə kweɪk. ðə tsuˈnɑmi hɪt ðə ˌɪndoʊˈniʒən koʊst wɪˈθɪn 5 ˈmɪnəts, ɪn ˈəðər wərdz 10 ˈmɪnəts ˌbiˈfɔr ðə riˈlis əv ðə fərst ˈbʊlɪtən. ˈbændə wɑz hɪt baɪ ðə tsuˈnɑmi 11 ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk, əˈprɑksəmətli 3 ˈmɪnəts ˌbiˈfɔr ðə riˈlis əv ðə ˈbʊlɪtən. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ɪt wɑz ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ɪn ə ˈvɛri prɪˈsaɪs weɪ, æt wət taɪm ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk weɪv wʊd hɪt ðə ˈkoʊˌstlaɪnz əv ˈtaɪˌlænd, ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə, ˈɪndiə, ðə ˈmɔlˌdaɪvz ənd səˈmɑljə. hæd ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən bɪn trænzˈmɪtəd ɪn ə kənˈsɪstənt ˈfæʃən, ðɛr wʊd hæv bɪn ˈæmpəl taɪm tɪ ɪˈvækjəˌeɪt ˈpipəl frəm ðə ˈkoʊstəl ˈɛriəz əv ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə, ˈɪndiə, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə ist koʊst əv ˈæfrɪkɑ. ðɛr ər noʊ ˈoʊʃən ˈsɛnsərz ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən. bət ðɪs wɑz nɑt ðə kɔz əv ðə ˈfeɪljərz ənd oʊˈmɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm. ðə tsuˈnɑmi bɪˈkeɪm ˈæktɪv ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk. noʊ ˈwɔrnɪŋz wər sɛnt aʊt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈridɪŋz dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət ðə tsuˈnɑmi hæd ɔˈrɛdi hɪt ðə ˌɪndoʊˈniʒən koʊst. ðɪs ɪz ðə ki ˈɪʃu. ðə tsuˈnɑmi wɑz ˈæktɪv, ənd ðɪs wɑz noʊn, kərˈɑbərˌeɪtɪd nɑt ˈoʊnli baɪ ˈsaɪzmɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən bət ˈɔlsoʊ baɪ ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤɪz ənd ˈəðər ˈdætə, ˈrəfli 30 ˈmɪnəts praɪər tɪ ˈhɪtɪŋ ˈtaɪˌlænd. ˈæˌnɛks mæp: ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ˈsɪmjəˌleɪtɪŋ ðə ˌprɑpəˈgeɪʃən əv ðə tsuˈnɑmi ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən əˈprɑksəˌmeɪt ˈtaɪmlaɪn (beɪst ɔn nuz rɪˈpɔrts ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiət weɪk əv ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk) ˈsənˌdi 26 dɪˈsɛmbər 2004 (gmt*): ə ˈmægnəˌtud ˈərθkˌweɪk əˈkərz ɔn ðə nɪr ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə.: ˈaɪdə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən trænzˈmɪt ˈdætə tɪ ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk ənd ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈərθkˌweɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛnər wərld ˈdætə ˈsɛnər fər ˌsaɪzˈmɑləʤi, mɪn 30 sɛk. ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk) ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər: ˈərθkˌweɪk hɪts ˈsɛvərəl ˈsɪtiz ɪn ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə, kriˈeɪts ˈpænɪk ɪn ˈərbən ˈɛriəz ɪn pəˈnɪnsələr məˈleɪʒə. ðə nuz əv ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ɪz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. ðə tsuˈnɑmi hɪts ðə koʊst əv ˈnɔrðərn ˌsuˈmɑtrə ˈrəfli 5 mɪn ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk) ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ɪt ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd ˈbændə, ˈkæpɪtəl əv. 11 ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk): ðə pəˈsɪfɪk tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɛnər ɪn həˈwaɪˌi ɪˈmɪts ɪts fərst ˈbʊlɪtən, kənˈfərmɪŋ ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ ɪn ˈifɛkt.: ənd koʊst əv ˈtaɪˌlænd: ðə ˈtaɪdəl weɪv hɪts ðə ˈkoʊˌstlaɪn ˈæftər æm, (wən aʊər ˈsɛvənˈtin ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk). stæf rɪˈsivd ˈnoʊtɪs ˈviə ˌɔtəˈmætɪk iˈmeɪl frəm ðə əv ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈərθkˌweɪk dɪˈtɛkʃən.: ˈistərn koʊst əv ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə ɪz hɪt. ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk weɪv hɪts ðə ˈkoʊstəl ˈriʤənz kloʊz tɪ ðə ˈkæpɪtəl kəˈləmboʊ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrt æt æm ˈloʊkəl taɪm, (əˈprɑksəmətli, ən aʊər ənd ə hæf ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk) piɛm: wən aʊər ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə kweɪk, stæf rɪˈsiv rɪkˈwɛst frəm ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə ˈwɛðər ðɛr hæd bɪn ˈɛni ˈərθkˌweɪks ɪn ər nɪr ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ lanka.”*.” (baɪ ðət taɪm ðə tsuˈnɑmi hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd ðə koʊst əv ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə).: ˈistərn ˈkoʊˌstlaɪn. ðə tsuˈnɑmi hɪts ˈistərn koʊst ɛz əv): ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ lɔg ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət ˈjuˈɛs pəˈsɪfɪk kəˈmænd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs, wər ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈwɔrnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə tsuˈnɑmi səm tu ənd θri kˈwɔrtər aʊərz ˈæftər ðə earthquake”*” (ðə ˈgɑrdiən, 7 ʤæn 2005 ˈsəbsəkwənt rɪˈpɔrts səˈʤɛst ðət ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri rɪˈsivd ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə ɪn nɪr ril taɪm ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk.: meɪl, ˈmɔlˌdaɪvz: frəm əˈbaʊt æm), θri aʊərz ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk, ðə ˈkæpɪtəl, meɪl, ənd ˈəðər pɑrts əv ðə ˈkəntri wər ˈflədɪd baɪ ðə tsuˈnɑmi. (mɔr ðən θri aʊərz ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk) (əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ nuz dɪˈspæʧɪz): ist koʊst əv ˈæfrɪkɑ ɪz hɪt. ˈsɛvən tɪ tɛn aʊərz ˈæftər ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk (si ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd mæp). ˈteɪbəl 1 fɔr ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˌɑrʧəpəˈleɪˌgoʊ 1 ˈaɪdə/ ˈaɪrɪs (diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə), ɔn ðə saɪt əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɛr dip speɪs sərˈveɪləns (geodss*) ˈsteɪʃən æt diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə. ɛs i 2/ ˈsteɪʃən æt ɛs i ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd æt ðə diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs 3/ ˈsteɪʃən æt ɛs i ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd æt ðə diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs. 4/ ˈsteɪʃən æt ɛs i ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd nɪr ˈaɪlənd ðə ˈsteɪʃənz trænzˈmɪt ˈdætə ɪn ril taɪm tɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈdætə ˈsɛntər (idc*) ɪn viˈɛnə, ðə ˈaɪdə ˈsteɪʃən trænzˈmɪts ˈdætə ɪn ril tɪ ˈaɪrɪs ənd ˈfəŋkʃənz əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ənd ɑgˈzɪljəri ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsteɪʃənz ˈmɑnətər ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsɪgnəlz ˈprɑpəˌgeɪtɪŋ θru ðə ərθ frəm ˈnæʧərəl ɪˈvɛnts (ˈərθkˌweɪks) ənd ˈmænˌmeɪd ɪˈvɛnts (ˈmaɪnɪŋ blæsts ənd ɪkˈsploʊʒənz); ˈmɑnətər ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsɪgnəlz ˈprɑpəˌgeɪtɪŋ θru ðə ərθ frəm ˈnæʧərəl ɪˈvɛnts (ˈərθkˌweɪks) ənd ˈmænˌmeɪd ɪˈvɛnts (ˈmaɪnɪŋ blæsts ənd ɪkˈsploʊʒənz); ðə ˈsteɪʃənz pɪk əp ˈtreɪsɪz əv ˌreɪdioʊˌækˈtɪvəˌti ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈnukliər ɪkˈsploʊʒən ɪn ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr ər likt frəm ən ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ˈnukliər tɛst; ðə ˈsteɪʃənz dɪˈtɛkt ɪkˈsploʊʒənz ɔn ðə ˈoʊʃən ˈsərfəs ənd ˈəndər ðə ˈwɔtər; ənd ðə ˈsteɪʃənz prəˈvaɪd ˈɛvədəns əv ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ɪkˈsploʊʒən baɪ dɪˈtɛktɪŋ saʊnd ˈprɛʃər weɪvz ɪn ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr. sɔrs: ˈteɪbəl 2 ˈaɪdə ˈprɑʤɛkt lɪŋks tɪ ˈridɪŋz sɔrs: ˈaɪdə ˈprɑʤɛkt. ˈmægnəˌtud kweɪk ɔf ðə wɛst koʊst əv ˈnɔrðərn ˌsuˈmɑtrə (klɪk tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ðə ˈrɛləvənt ˈdætə) ˈfɪgjər 1 ˈridɪŋz fər dɛk 26 2005 æt diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə klɪk ˈɪmɪʤ tɪ ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ sɔrs: ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈaɪdə, ˈteɪbəl 3 480 ˈsteɪʃənz ˈsɔrtɪd baɪ ˈdɪstəns frəm ðə ˈɛpəˌsɛntər rɪˈkɔrdɪd ðə ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈdætə ˈaɪrɪs ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈdætə ɔn ˈwɪlbər ɪˈvɛnt: ɔf ˈdəbəlju koʊst əv ˈnɔrðərn (klɪk tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ɪˈvɛnt, səˈlɛkt ˈsteɪʃənz ənd pərˈsid) mæg: taɪp: mɪz lɑt: lɑn: dɛpθ: ˈkætəlɔg: kənˈtrɪbjətər: sɔrs: spyder®*® 480 rɪˈspɑndɪŋ ˈsteɪʃənz sɔrs: ˈwɪlbər ˈteɪbəl 4 fərst fɔr rɪˈspɑndɪŋ ˈsteɪʃənz ˈsɔrtɪd baɪ ˈdɪstəns frəm ðə ˈɛpəˌsɛntər (klɪk ˈsteɪʃən neɪm tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ˈridɪŋz) (distance/azimuth*) ˈkoʊˌkoʊ ˈaɪləndz, ɔˈstreɪljə pallekele*, ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə gˈwɑnˌdoʊŋ ˈprɑvɪns, ˈʧaɪnə diˈeɪgoʊ ˌgɑrˈsiə, sɔrs: ˈwɪlbər ðə ˈgloʊbəl tsuˈnɑmi ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈsɪstəm waɪl ðə feɪld tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ðə tsuˈnɑmi ɪn ɪts fərst tu ˈbʊlətənz, ðə tsuˈnɑmi wɑz ɪn fækt ˈmɑnətərd ɪn ril taɪm baɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsteɪʃənz əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌoʊʃiˈænɪk ənd ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən (ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ) tɪ wɪʧ ðə bɪˈlɔŋz. ˈmɑdəlɪŋ ɪˈneɪbəld ˈsaɪəntɪsts tɪ ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ðə ˈtrævəlɪŋ taɪm əv ðə tsuˈnɑmi. frəm ðə ˈaʊtˌsɛt əv ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk æt ɔn ðə, tsuˈnɑmi weɪvz wər ˈmɑnətərd baɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈsteɪʃənz. mɔˈroʊvər, ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ həz ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət ɪt hæd ˈvɛri prɪˈsaɪs ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤɪz wɪʧ ɪˈneɪbəlz ɪt tɪ ˈmɛʒər ðə haɪt əv ðə tsuˈnɑmi. ðiz haɪt ˈmɛʒərmənts wər əˈveɪləbəl bət wər ˈoʊnli ˈprɑsɛst æt ə ˈleɪtər ˈpɪriəd (si ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ: tsuˈnɑmi haɪt ˈmɛʒərmənts (ˈsætəˌlaɪt) klɪk tɪ ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈgloʊbəl ˈrisərʧ ˈɑrtɪkəlz lɪŋks tɪ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈsɔrsəz əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən: ˈaɪdə ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən: ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈərθkˌweɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛnər) wərld ˈdætə ˈsɛnər əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈərθkˌweɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛnər ɪn ˈdɛnvər, ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ. ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ənd ˈplænəˌtɛri ˈfɪzɪks ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, sæn diˈeɪgoʊ, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˌʤiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈsərˌveɪ ˈnæʃənəl ˌoʊʃiˈænɪk ənd ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ˈeɪʤənsi (ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ) ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsɪstəm (ims*) əv ðə ˈprɛprəˌtɔri kəˈmɪʃən fər ðə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈtriti ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən (ctbto*) iisse*: ɔf koʊst əv ˈnɔrðərn ˌsuˈmɑtrə ˈərθkˌweɪk (ʤəˈpæn) ˈtɛknɪkəl ˌjunəˈvərsəti, dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌʤioʊˈfɪzəkəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ, ˌsaɪzˈmɑləʤi ˈsɛkʃən ɔn ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈɪmɪʤri pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ˈeɪʤənsiz ənd speɪs ˈrisɔrsɪz ˌdɔsˈjeɪz də lɑ ˈtɛrə ɛt (fræns) æt ˈstədi: ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən ˌsaɪzməˈlɔʤəkəl ˈsɛntər ˈərθkˌweɪk ɪn ˌsuˈmɑtrə ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər, 2004 æt (klɪk fər rɪˈpɔrt) ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈstədi: sɔrs ˈrəpʧər ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˌsuˈmɑtrə ˈərθkˌweɪk ˈərθkˌweɪk əv 26 dɪˈsɛmbər 2004 prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri rɪˈzəlts josé*é fərˈnɑndoʊ ˈbɔrgeɪs, ˈbɛntoʊ kɑlˈdɛrə ənd ˈmuræd
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update
on september 28, 2018, a 7.5 earthquake in sulawesi, triggered a powerful and destructive tsunami, which is categorized as the most serious catastrophic event of its nature since indian ocean 9.0 tsunami of december 26, 2004.
according to reports, there was a failure in the warning system. a bbc october 1, 2018 report recounts the events as follows:
“a 7.5 magnitude earthquake occurred just off the island of sulawesi at 18:03 local time (10:03 gmt) on friday, triggering dozens of aftershocks.
indonesia’s meteorological and geophysics agency bmkg issued a tsunami warning just after the initial quake, warning of potential waves of 0.5 to three metres.
but it lifted the warning just over 30 minutes later.
palu – a city in sulawesi located in a narrow bay – was hit by waves as high as six metres. the surging water brought buildings down and caused widespread destruction. hundreds of people had gathered for a beachfront festival and it was was a scene of horror as waves powered over the beach – sweeping up everything in their path.
indonesia’s national disaster and mitigation agency has said that most of the victims in palu were killed as a result of the tsunami.
many critics have accused bmkg of lifting the warning too early, though the agency says the waves hit while the warning was still in force.
bmkg chairwoman dwikorita karnawati told the jakarta post that the decision to end the warning was made after the agency received information about the tsunami, including a field observation made by a bmkg employee in palu.
she added that the tsunami alert ended at 18:37, minutes after the third and last wave hit land. she also said that there were no more tsunami waves after the alert ended.”
why did the information not get out.
there were failures in the warning system (of a different nature) both on september 28, 2018 as well as on december 26, 2004
the following article first published in february 2005 focusses on the failures of the warning system in relation to the 9.1 earthquake of december 26, 2004 which triggered the indian ocean tsunami.
the tsunami warning system was also examined by the author in two texts published in the immediate wake of the december 26, 2004 tsunami
the text below examines the broader seismic network as well as the system of satellite imagery, which provides data in near real time.
the tsunami became active immediately following the earthquake. no warnings were sent out following the seismic readings despite the fact that the tsunami had already hit the indonesian coast.
this is the key issue.
the tsunami was active, and this was known, corroborated not only by seismic information but also by satellite images and other data, roughly 30 minutes prior to hitting thailand.
why was this information withheld regarding one of the most serious seismic events in recorded history?
michel chossudovsky, october 3, 2018
****
summary
(scroll down for text of complete article)
one of the most destructive and powerful earthquakes in recorded history, more than a quarter of a million recorded deaths, local economies destroyed, the lives of entire communities shattered, and no serious investigation into the flaws of the global seismic warning system is contemplated.
according to columbia university’s earth institute the m-9.0 sumatra – andaman island earthquake on december 26th released energy, equivalent roughly to 700 million hiroshima bombs.
seismic information regarding what scientists identify as a “rare great earthquake”, was available in near real time (i.e. almost immediately) to seismic centers around the world.
other types of data, including satellite imagery were also available in near real time.
the advanced global seismic information and communications systems were fully operational.
why then, did the information not get out on the morning of december 26th?
ten of thousands of lives could have been saved.
the issue has been skirted by the western media, sidestepped by the governments and the un, not to mention the international scientific community.
what happened on the morning of december 26th?
the tsunami was triggered within minutes of the earthquake, prior to the release of the first tsunami advisory bulletin by the pacific tsunami warning center (ptwc) in hawaii, so it was no longer a question of emitting “a warning” of an imminent danger. the catastrophe had already happened.
in other words, by the time the first tsunami bulletin had been issued at 01.14 gmt, the deadly seismic wave was already sweeping banda, the capital of aceh province in northern sumatra, causing thousands of deaths.
this ex post facto bulletin emitted by the ptwc, did not even warn of the potential danger of a tsunami. moreover, it casually dismissed an established and scientifically accepted relationship:
“if it were a 9 earthquake … with the thrusting in an ocean basin margin, the likelihood is almost 1:1 that it would generate a tsunami” (dr. charles groat, director, us geological survey in testimony to the science committee of the us house of representatives, 26 jan 2005).
tip of the iceberg
the ptwc bulletins are but the tip of the iceberg. the information on the quake was known and available in real time, to an entire network of seismic organizations.
it was also on hand and accessible to a number of government agencies both in the us and internationally, almost immediately. numerous officials, scientists, members of the military and intelligence services, had advanced knowledge of an impending disaster.
in other words, we are not dealing with the failures of a single warning center in ewo, hawaii, but with an entire worldwide network of seismic information, satellite imagery and other sophisticated data, which was available almost immediately.
who informs whom?
the question is not why the ptwc did not emit a tsunami warning, but why did an entire global network of scientists and officials not emit a warning, in relation to one of the largest quakes in recorded history.
while the ptwc had indeed formally notified washington and the military at the diego garcia island base, the us government and military already knew, because the seismic data had been processed within minutes by an agency under the jurisdiction of the us department of the interior, namely the national earthquake information center (neic) based in golden, colorado.
the data regarding the magnitude of the earthquake originated from four seismic stations located in the indian ocean, operated by the international deployment of accelerometers (ida) project .
“received signals three minutes, thirty seconds after the quake began”
in testimony to the us congress (jan 26, 2005), scripps (sio) deputy-director john orcutt which overseas the indian ocean ida seismic stations confirmed that on december 26, the data pertaining to the sumatra-andaman quake had been “immediately and automatically forwarded by computer to the usgs national earthquake information center (neic) in golden, colorado and the noaa tsunami warning centers in hawaii and alaska”
the us military base at diego garcia
the first news reports underscored the fact that the us military base at diego garcia had been given advanced warning, but that the information reached military officials at the us island naval base “after” the tsunami had hit india and sri lanka:
“an noaa log shows that the us pacific command, including diego garcia, was given a specific warning about the tsunami some two and three quarter hours after the earthquake” (the guardian, 7 jan 2005)
these earlier reports must be qualified. the fact of the matter, is that the data concerning the earthquake originated from monitoring stations situated in the indian ocean, including the the ida/iris seismic station dgar (diego garcia) seismic station located directly on the site of the us island military base.
moreover, in addition to the ida/iris stations, the international monitoring system (ims) of the preparatory commission for the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty organization (ctbto) based in vienna, operates several stations in the indian ocean region, three of which are located in the chagos archipelago (british indian ocean territory). two of these stations are situated directly on the site of the us military base.
there are in all four monitoring stations in the chagos archipelago, which use the communications system of the us military base.
in other words, the us military base at diego garcia , with its advanced monitoring facilities, research labs, etc. was not the “recipient” but rather “the source” of the relevant data regarding the earthquake.
satellite imagery transmitted in real time
in addition to real time seismic data (as well as hydroacoustic, infrasound and radionuclide data transmitted out of diego garcia), satellite images of the disaster on the north sumatra coastline were also available in near real time to a number of agencies and international organizations.
the us has an advanced “spy satellite” system, with very precise capabilities of monitoring the terrain, including changes in the natural environment, not to mention moving objects. the national reconnaissance office (nro), which was responsible for launching the first spy satellites of the cold war era operates a sophisticated system of reconnaissance satellites, which transmit imagery and other data in real time.
another key us body, involved in satellite imagery is the national geospatial-intelligence agency, (nga) , formerly known as the national imagery and mapping agency. the latter was in fact the architect of the global positioning system (gps), which was conducive to creating a system of global geospatial intelligence (geoint).
nga is part of the us defense system, it serves the department of defense and the intelligence community. it has very precise capabilities of monitoring the geographic and physical terrain by satellite, all over the world, using the techniques of geospatial intelligence (geoint).
in other words, state of the art satellite imagery (available to military, intelligence, civilian as well as private commercial entities) provides “a real time set of eyes”. with regard, to the m-9.0 tsunami of december 26, satellite images were available almost immediately. the us military confirms in this regard, that it has access from its satellite systems “to vital intelligence in real time”. these real time images were used extensively in the iraq and afghan war theaters. (hearings of sen armed services committee, 25 feb 2004).
the role of the european space agency
real time seismic and other data (including satellite imagery) were also available to a number of countries including russia, china, japan and the european union.
in this regard, the european space agency (esa ), which has links to noaa, has “multi-sensor access” in real time to data from satellites including very precise imagery which allows:
,em>”for complete large-scale phenomena to be observed to an accuracy and entirety it would take an army of ground level observers to match”
in addition to imagery, the satellite transmits other relevant data which measures very accurately “ground motion” and “sea height”:
while “before” and “after” images of the disaster have been made public, the images which show the progress and movement of the tsunami, in the period immediately following the earth quake have not been released.
concluding remarks: the need for an investigation into the warning system
more than a quarter of million people have died in one of the world’s most devastating natural disasters.
the overriding issues pertaining to the warning / information systems, cannot be drowned or brushed aside. they must be the object of a full-fledged inquiry, preferably by an independent body.
this report has outlined a number of broad issues pertaining to the global information network. the latter requires detailed examination in the context of full-fledged inquiry.
what agencies in the us, the european union, in the indian ocean countries and internationally were informed? the failures are by no means limited to the us seismic network.
when were they informed? what type of data did they have? some of that data has not been released.
why did the information not reach the people on time in the countries affected by the tsunami?
what factors, administrative, scientific or otherwise, contributed to preventing the information from being transmitted?
we are not dealing strictly with seismic data. satellite images of the devastation in northern sumatra were also available. other types of data were also transmitted in near real time by satellite.
the approximate speed of the seismic wave was known and confirmed. according to the news reports, the tsunami was moving at a speed of roughly 20 km a minute (on average) in relation to sri lanka.
the seismic information was known to the neic and other seismic centers within less than four minutes after the quake.
the tsunami hit the indonesian coast within 5 minutes, in other words 10 minutes before the release of the first tpwc bulletin. banda aceh was hit by the tsunami 11 minutes after the earthquake, approximately 3 minutes before the release of the tpwc bulletin.
in other words, it was possible to predict in a very precise way, at what time the seismic wave would hit the coastlines of thailand, sri lanka, india, the maldives and somalia. had this information been transmitted in a consistent fashion, there would have been ample time to evacuate people from the coastal areas of sri lanka, india, not to mention the east coast of africa.
there are no ocean sensors in the indian ocean. but this was not the cause of the failures and omissions in the warning system.
the tsunami became active immediately following the earthquake. no warnings were sent out following the seismic readings despite the fact that the tsunami had already hit the indonesian coast.
this is the key issue.
the tsunami was active, and this was known, corroborated not only by seismic information but also by satellite images and other data, roughly 30 minutes prior to hitting thailand.
michel chossudovsky, december 26, 2015
text of complete article
indian ocean tsunami. why did the information not get out?
by michel chossudovsky
february 7, 2005
one of the most destructive and powerful earthquakes in recorded history, more than a quarter of a million recorded deaths, local economies destroyed, the lives of entire communities shattered, and no serious investigation into the flaws of the global seismic warning system is contemplated.
according to columbia university’s earth institute the m-9.0 sumatra – andaman island earthquake on december 26th released energy, equivalent roughly to 700 million hiroshima bombs.
seismic information regarding what scientists identify as a “rare great earthquake”, was available in near real time (i.e. almost immediately) to seismic centers around the world.
other types of data, including satellite imagery were also available in near real time.
the advanced global seismic information and communications systems were fully operational.
why then, did the information not get out on the morning of december 26th?
ten of thousands of lives could have been saved.
the issue has been skirted by the western media, sidestepped by the governments and the un, not to mention the international scientific community.
the blame was casually placed on the indian ocean countries, described as having “inadequate communications systems”, not to mention the local people who “have to be trained to know what to do…if the people don’t respond, don’t understand what the communication is all about, it is for naught.” (washington times, 30dec 2004)
what happened on the morning of december 26th?
the tsunami was triggered within minutes of the earthquake, prior to the release of the first tsunami advisory bulletin by the pacific tsunami warning center (ptwc) in hawaii, so it was no longer a question of emitting “a warning” of an imminent danger. the catastrophe had already happened.
in other words, by the time the first tsunami bulletin had been issued at 01.14 gmt, the deadly seismic wave was already sweeping banda, the capital of aceh province in northern sumatra, causing thousands of deaths.
moreover, this ex post facto bulletin emitted by the ptwc, not only failed to acknowledge an ongoing disaster, it did not even warn of the potential danger of a tsunami, when the deadly seismic wave had already started, devastating densely populated areas. (ptwc bulletins apply to the pacific as well as regions adjacent to the pacific. for details, see:discrepancies in the tsunami warning system )
inconsistencies in the tsunami bulletins
three days earlier, on the 23d of december, a m-7.9 earthquake was recorded with an epicenter off the south pacific macquarie islands the ptwc issued the following routine tsunami advisory:
“this earthquake has the potential to generate a widely destructive tsunami in the sea near the earthquake. authorities in that region should be aware of this possibility.”
why then in the case of a m-9.0 earthquake, which is more than ten times greater in magnitude than a m-7.9 earthquake, did the ptwc authorities fail to even issue a tsunami warning?
an event of this type and magnitude is known as a “megathrust,” which in its specific indian ocean location is said to occur “approximately every few hundred years.” (see columbia university earth institute ).
scientists in fact suggested that the quake had unleashed enough energy that “it could have rocked the earth off its axis.” (see: huge quake resonates, carolyn y. johnson, boston globe)
in other words, the least one would have expected in the case of a “megathrust” was a similar routine statement to that issued in relation to the mcquarie islands earthquake, three days earlier, on december 23. (see:discrepancies in the tsunami warning system )
the first bulletin emitted on the 26th not only failed to conform to established criteria used in previous and subsequent seismic occurrences, it casually dismissed an established and scientifically accepted relationship. according to
“if it were a 9 earthquake … with the thrusting in an ocean basin margin, the likelihood is almost 1:1 that it would generate a tsunami” (dr. charles groat, director, us geological survey in testimony to the science committee of the us house of representatives, 26 jan 2005).
the earthquake took place at 00.58.50 gmt on the 26th of december. roughly five minutes later it had hit the coast of northern sumatra, 11 minutes after the earthquake it devastated banda, capital of aceh. fifteen minutes after the earthquake, at 01.14 gmt the pacific tsunami warning center in hawaii confirmed in its bulletin:
“there is no tsunami warning or watch in effect”
moreover, both official and news reports out of aceh province, following the disaster, were either delayed or were not transmitted on time.
in other words, despite the dramatic nature of the quake, the seismic information, which was available in real time, failed to reach the countries affected by the seismic wave.
why were the countries not informed of an impending disaster?
in the words of maine senator olympia snowe:
“… what efforts, if any, were made to contact those other nations in the region that were also in harm’s way? if noaa did not have the appropriate contacts, as has been reported, why was this the case? was an attempt made to obtain that contact information – and if not, why not? these are questions that must be answered.”
the western media not only failed to address the failures in the warning system, they admonished those who raised the issue.
in fact, any serious analysis of the warning system was dismissed outright.
a few press reports, nonetheless, confirmed that, with the exception of indonesia and australia, the indian ocean countries had not been informed. these same reports, largely based on statements of the pacific tsunami warning system (ptwc) in hawaii, also acknowledged that the us state department and the military, including the us navy base on the island of diego garcia in the chagos archipelago had been duly notified.
in retrospect, however, these earlier press reports (including our own analysis ) need to be qualified. published in the immediate wake of the disaster, they quote official statements to the effect that the us government and military had been informed by the ptwc, when in fact the ptwc was on the “receiving end” of the flow of seismic data. (see foreknowledge of a natural disaster , richard norton taylor, us island base given warning: bulletins sent to diego garcia ‘could have saved lives’, the guardian, jan 2005).
the information was known to an entire network of organizations
upon closer examination, the ptwc bulletins are but the tip of the iceberg: the information on the quake was known and available in real time, to an entire network of seismic organizations. it was also on hand and accessible to a number of government agencies both in the us and internationally, almost immediately. numerous officials, scientists, members of the military and intelligence services, had advanced knowledge of an impending disaster.
in other words, we are not dealing with the failures of a single warning center in ewo, hawaii, but with an entire worldwide network of seismic information, satellite imagery and other sophisticated data, which was available almost immediately.
who informs whom?
the question is not why the ptwc did not emit a tsunami warning but why did an entire global network of scientists and officials not emit a warning, in relation to one of the largest quakes in recorded history.
while the ptwc had indeed formally notified washington and the military at the diego garcia island base, the us government and military already knew, because the seismic data had been processed within minutes by an agency under the jurisdiction of the us department of the interior, namely the national earthquake information center (neic) based in golden (close to denver), colorado.
“the national earthquake information service (neis) of the u. s. geological survey is located at the national earthquake information center (neic) in golden, colorado, usa which also serves as world data center a for seismology. the neis is a member of the council of the national seismic system (cnss) which coordinates activities among the national and regional seismograph networks, including “finger quake” services. the neis is also closely associated with the u.s. national seismograph network (usnsn) and cooperates with national and international seismological organizations around the world. unlike other members of the cnss, the neis is responsible for reporting on moderate to large earthquakes throughout the u. s. and large earthquakes worldwide… on an immediate basis, all earthquake early alerting service alarm events will be made available to the “quake” list. at a minimum, this includes… most foreign earthquakes of magnitude 6.5 or greater. in practice, many foreign earthquakes smaller than a magnitude of 6.5 will also be provided on an immediate basis…” for further details: see http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/finger/qk_info.html
,
http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/finger/qk_info.html
,
http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/bulletin/neic_slav_ts.html
,
http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/bulletin/neic_slav_ts.html
,
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqinthenews/2004/usslav/neic_slav_faq.html
the seismographic data did not originate at the ptwc, which is part of the weather service of the national oceanic and atmospheric administration (noaa) under the jurisdiction of the us department of commerce.
the seismic data was recorded both within the indian ocean region and around the world by a number of stations, relayed to a network of seismic centers in a number of countries. (see below).
in other words, omissions and failures in the warning system, not to mention red tape, were by no means limited to the ptwc, which is integrated into a global information network which records, processes and transmits seismic data in near real time. several key organizations (including the earthquake information center world data center for seismology, denver (neic) and the european space agency (esa) among others, are part of this network, and could have duly advised the countries concerned.
where did the seismic data originate from?
this issue, which is crucial to understanding the flaws in the seismic warning system, was barely mentioned by the media.
the data regarding the magnitude of the earthquake originated from four seismic stations located in the indian ocean, operated by the international deployment of accelerometers (ida) project . the scripps institution of oceanography (sio) at the university of california at san diego overseas the ida seismic stations.
in turn, the ida is integrated into the incorporated research institutions for seismology (iris) and its global seismographic network (gsn ), and into the data system of the national earthquake information center world data center for seismology, denver (neic (wdcs-d)). (see eric waddell, the tsunami: why weren’t they warned? jan 2005, http://globalresearch.ca/articles/wad501a.html )
“received signals three minutes, thirty seconds after the quake began”
in testimony to the us congress (jan 26, 2005), scripps (sio) deputy-director john orcutt confirmed that “data telemetry”, namely the transfer of data immediately via phone line, cable, or satellite is central to the sio’s mandate:
“data acquired via telemetry may be used … as [a] :tsunami warning:… prompt transmission of the seismic data permits experts to locate earthquakes quickly, assess the likelihood they have generated a tsunami, and predict when the destructive wave will arrive. such predictions have already saved numerous lives.”(sio’s project ida, http://ida.ucsd.edu/telemetry/index.html )
scripps dr. orcutt also confirmed that on december 26, the data pertaining to the sumatra-andaman quake had been telemetered from 30 ida stations and had been “immediately and automatically forwarded by computer to the usgs national earthquake information center (neic) in golden, colorado and the noaa tsunami warning centers in hawaii and alaska”:
“due to their proximity to the event, ida stations were critical in the early detection of the december 26th earthquake. the two closest global seismic stations, ida stations on cocos (keeling) island and sri lanka, received signals three minutes, thirty seconds after the quake began. data from these and other ida gsn stations in the region were used by the neic, and other civil, academic, and military systems to quickly determine the quake’s size and location.” (statement to the science committee of the us house of representatives, 26 jan 2005. emphasis added).
contradicting the substance of his own testimony, dr. orcutt stated that scripps (sio) officials got the news from the neic, by email one hour and 17 minutes after the earthquake, when in fact it was the scripps ida stations, that had transmitted the data in near real time to the neic in the first place, and that this data had been made available to other agencies, in the us and internationally:
“scripps staff first learned of the quake at 6:16 pm pst (one hour seventeen minutes after the earthquake) when they received notice via automatic email from the neic of the initial earthquake detection. sio [scripps institution of oceanography] also received an inquiry from the ida/sri lanka operator at 6:57pm (one hour fiftyeight minutes after the quake) asking whether there had been any earthquakes in or near sri lanka. the operator had received many phone calls from local residents who had felt tremors and wanted to know the source. sio’s analyst replied at 7:13pm with information about the neic announcement of the earthquake and a plot of the seismic waves recorded by the ida station in sri lanka.” (ibid)
not explicitly mentioned in dr. orcutt’s statement is that one of the indian ocean ida stations, which transmitted seismic data on december 26th, dgar (diego garcia) is actually located on the site of the us military base in the chagos archipelago. (dgar became operational in january 2004). the other three stations are:
in addition to the seismic stations of the ida/iris network, the quake was recorded at stations in a number of countries including china, russia and japan, not to mention several “auxiliary seismic stations” in indonesia as well as one in sri lanka. (parapat, sumatera psi auxiliary seismic station as043 2.7 98 is the closest facility to the epicenter). (see http://ida.ucsd.edu/specialevents/2004/361/a/index.shtml#parameters . auxiliary stations as opposed to primary stations do not transmit data in real time to the ida)
the chain of information
seismographic data was transmitted in real time from the four ida indian ocean stations dgar (diego garcia), coco (cocos [keeling] islands , palk (sri lanka), and msey (seychelles) to both the iris and neic centers, where they were then immediately retransmitted (in real time) to the ptwc as well as to other agencies and organizations.
the latest station in the network established in feb 2004 is diego garcia, dgar.
source: http://ida.ucsd.edu/idanetwork/index.html (click map to get station information)
in other words, while the press reports acknowledge that the diego garcia island military base was formally notified of the dangers of a seismic wave, what they failed to mention was that part of the seismic data used by the ptwc to justify its advisory had in fact originated in diego garcia, and that the data from diego garcia (together with that of three other indian ocean stations) had also been transmitted to the ida/iris and neic networks.
the us military base at diego garcia
the ida/iris seismic station dgar (diego garcia) , is in a vault located on the grounds of the us air force’s ground-based electro-optical deep space surveillance (geodss) station at the us military base. (the geodss diego garcia facility provides “space surveillance data” through three powerful telescopes. geodss also monitors moving objects and meteorites; concomitantly, it also uses seismographic data.)
the seismic station at diego garcia established in feb 2004 transmits data to iris and neic
the seismic recording equipment installed in the underground vault. the sensors rest on the central pier, which is directly attached to the coral that underlies the vault so that the instruments can best record the shaking caused as seismic waves travel through the earth.
while dgar was established with the cooperation of the us military, it is categorized as a civilian scientific facility. the later uses the island’s military base’s communications facilities to transmit its seismic readings to the ida/iris center in seattle.
whether the seismographic readings from dgar were directly available to military personnel on location at diego garcia at the geodss facility is not known, although the diego garcia military authorities would most probably have near real time access to the seismic data monitored by neic and other seismic centers, which are hooked up to the military.
in other words, in all likelihood, the us military had the relevant data on their computer screens within minutes of its transmission.
more generally, there are close interagency links between the relevant civilian and military entities. noaa, while formally a civilian body under the jurisdiction of the department of commerce, is headed by a former vice admiral, and noaa weather services, which oversees the ptwcs in hawaii and alaska is administered by a retired us air force brig. general. (see http://www.nws.noaa.gov/johnson_bio.php )
the monitoring system of the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty (ctbto)
in addition to the ida/iris stations, the international monitoring system (ims) of the preparatory commission for the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty organization (ctbto) based in vienna, operates several stations in the indian ocean region, three of which are in fact located in the chagos archipelago (british indian ocean territory). (see map below) two of these stations are situated directly on the site of the us military base. in other words, there are in all four stations in the chagos archipelago, which use the communications system of the us military base.
the ims confirmed that it recorded the december 26th earthquake at 78 of its stations, including those in the indian ocean in near real time, “within seconds to minutes of the event.” (of the 78 ims stations, 71 were using the seismic, six the hydroacoustic and one the infrasound technologies. the latter (infrasound station) was located within proximity of the diego garcia military base in the chagos archipelago.
the ctbto confirms in this regard that “the first automatic event list containing the sumatra earthquake was released by the international data center (idc) in vienna two hours after the event.” it nonetheless confirms that the “raw data from the monitoring stations” were communicated “in near real time” ( almost immediately) to national data centers of state signatories including australia, indonesia and thailand. (see text of ctbto press release ).
four monitoring stations in the chagos archipelago
the first news reports underscored the fact that the us military base at diego garcia had been given advanced warning, but that the information reached military officials at the us island naval base “after” the tsunami had hit india and sri lanka:
“an noaa log shows that the us pacific command, including diego garcia, was given a specific warning about the tsunami some two and three quarter hours after the earthquake” (the guardian, 7 jan 2005)
the fact of the matter, as mentioned earlier, is that the data concerning the earthquake originated from monitoring stations situated on the site of the us island military base. in other words, the us military base at diego garcia , with its advanced monitoring facilities, research labs, etc. was not the “recipient” but rather “the source” of the relevant data regarding the earthquake. (see table 1).
it is the source not only of seismic information (not to mention satellite imaging) but of other types of data, used to ascertain the causes of an earthquake, from three other monitoring stations in the chagos islands, which are linked up to the ims/ ctbto :
the vienna based ims also had relevant information, within minutes of the m-9.0 earthquake. to date, none of the data recorded at its indian ocean stations has been made public, although it is normally transmitted to the signatory governments and is no doubt also available to the us military.
the functions of these three ims stations under the ctbto mandate are as follows:
“the ims uses seismic, hydroacoustic and infrasound monitoring technologies to detect the transient signals created when the energy is released in underground, underwater and atmosphere environments, respectively. radionuclide monitoring technologies collect and analyze air samples for evidence of the physical products created and carried by the winds. seismic, hydroacoustic and infrasound, or the wave technologies, all utilize sensors which record signals from explosions and naturally occurring events in the form of digital waveforms. these digital waveforms or time series provide diagnostic information to detect, locate and characterize the energy source. radionuclide technology is based on air samplers which collect and analyse atmospheric particulate matter deposited on collection filters. the analysis of the radionuclide content uniquely confirms the fact of a nuclear explosion.” (for further details see, cbto, the global verification regime and the international monitoring system, vienna, 2001 http://pws.ctbto.org/reference/outreach/booklet3.pdf ) in other words, the data collected by the three chagos islands ims stations have the capacity of “registering shock waves emanating from a nuclear explosion underground, in the seas and in the air, as well as detecting radioactive debris released into the atmosphere.” this data could shed light on the nature of the disaster, while also dispelling speculation by some news media that the tsunami could have been caused by an underground explosion. it is therefore crucial that the readings from these three biot ims stations, which are available to the signatory governments, be promptly released and analyzed. map of diego garcia military base and chagos archipelago click image to enlarge
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/islands_oceans_poles/diego_garcia_pol80.jpg
in addition to real time seismic data (as well as hydroacoustic, infrasound and radionuclide data), satellite images of the disaster on the north sumatra coastline were also available in near real time to a number of agencies and international organizations.
the us has an advanced “spy satellite” system, with very precise capabilities of monitoring the terrain, including changes in the natural environment, not to mention moving objects. the national reconnaissance office (nro), which was responsible for launching the first spy satellites of the cold war era operates a sophisticated system of reconnaissance satellites, which transmit imagery and other data in real time.
the data received by the nro are relayed to a number of us government/ military bodies including the department of defense and the cia.
as part of its mandate, the nro has the ability to:
” warn of potential trouble spots around the world, help plan military operations and monitor the environment”
the nro has close links to the diego garcia base from which it operates “the global broadcast system”, a special classified broadband communication system. “a gbs satellite parked above the indian ocean island of diego garcia relayed everything from video feeds of predator uavs, to video downlinks for special operations soldiers on horseback in remote regions of western afghanistan.” ( see http://www.globenet.free-online.co.uk/articles/spacesupremacy.htm )
another key us body, involved in satellite imagery is the national geospatial-intelligence agency, (nga) , formerly known as the national imagery and mapping agency. the latter was in fact the architect of the global positioning system (gps), which was conducive to creating a system of global geospatial intelligence (geoint).
nga is part of the us defense system, it serves the department of defense and the intelligence community. it has very precise capabilities of monitoring the geographic and physical terrain by satellite, all over the world, using the techniques of geospatial intelligence (geoint).
geospatial intelligence is described by the nga as:
“the most valuable tool for envisioning and predicting activity around the world. it serves anyone from the white house to the pilothouse, from the situation room to the ready room”
in other words, state of the art satellite imagery (available to military, intelligence, civilian as well as private commercial entities) provides “a real time set of eyes”. with regard, to the m-9.0 tsunami of december 26, satellite images were available almost immediately. the us military confirms in this regard, that it has access from its satellite systems “to vital intelligence in real time”. these real time images were used extensively in the iraq and afghan war theaters. (hearings of sen armed services committee, 25 feb 2004).
the european space agency
real time seismic and other data (including satellite imagery) were also available to a number of countries including russia, china, japan and the european union.
in this regard, the european space agency (esa ), which has links to noaa, has “multi-sensor access” in real time to data from satellites including very precise imagery which allows:
“for complete large-scale phenomena to be observed to an accuracy and entirety it would take an army of ground level observers to match”
according to esa ,
” a single satellite image has the potential to show the spread of air pollution across a continent, the precise damage done to a region by an earthquake or a forest fires, or the entire span of a 500 km, hurricane from the calmness of its eye to its outermost storm fronts. the same space based sensor gathers data from sites across the world, including places too remote or otherwise inaccessible for ground based data acquisition.”
in addition to imagery, the satellite transmits other relevant data which measures very accurately “ground motion” and “sea height”:
“other sensors known as radar instruments actively shine microwaves pulses down to earth in order to record how these pulses get reflected back up to space.
these instruments measure surface roughness instead of light or heat energy, and have the advantage of being able to see through cloud and darkness. and by combining together different radar images of the same location – a technique known as interferometry – tiny millimeter-scale ground motion can be identified.
a different type of instrument named an altimeter records very precisely the time it takes for a microwave or laser pulse to be bounced back to the satellite, measuring both land and sea height to an accuracy of a few centimetres.“(http://www.esa.int/export/esaeo/semh2q1vqud_index_0.html )
the european space agency (esa) is part of a network. it is a member of the international charter: space and major disasters along with the centre national d’études spatiales (cnes), the canadian space agency (csa), the indian space research organisation (isro), the national oceanic and atmospheric administration (noaa) and argentina’s comisión nacional de actividades espaciales (conae)
while “before” and “after” images of the disaster have been made public, the images which show the progress and movement of the tsunami, in the period immediately following the earth quake have not been released.
concluding remarks: the need for an investigation into the warning system
more than a quarter of million people have died in one of the world’s most devastating natural disasters.
the overriding issues pertaining to the warning / information systems, cannot drowned or brushed aside. they must be the object of a full-fledged inquiry, preferably by an independent body.
this report has outlined a number of broad issues pertaining to the global information network. the latter requires detailed examination in the context of full-fledged inquiry.
what agencies in the us, the european union, in the indian ocean countries and internationally were informed? the failures are by no means limited to the us seismic network.
when were they informed? what type of data did they have? some of that data has not been released.
why did the information not reach the people on time in the countries affected by the tsunami?
what factors, administrative, scientific or otherwise, contributed to preventing the information from being transmitted?
we are not dealing strictly with seismic data. satellite images of the devastation in northern sumatra were also available. other types of data were also transmitted in near real time by satellite.
in addition to the seismic data, the vienna based ims/ctbto monitors and compiles hydroacoustic, infrasound and radionuclide data, which is transmitted in near real time from its stations in the indian ocean (including three stations in the chagos islands archipelago).
moreover, satellite reconnaissance technology, not to mention the use of simulation models, have the ability to assess and monitor the speed of the tsunami in near real time.
the approximate speed of the seismic wave was known and confirmed. according to the news reports, the tsunami was moving at a speed of roughly 20 km a minute (on average) in relation to sri lanka.
the seismic information was known to the neic and other seismic centers within less than four minutes after the quake.
the tsunami hit the indonesian coast within 5 minutes, in other words 10 minutes before the release of the first tpwc bulletin. banda aceh was hit by the tsunami 11 minutes after the earthquake, approximately 3 minutes before the release of the tpwc bulletin.
in other words, it was possible to predict in a very precise way, at what time the seismic wave would hit the coastlines of thailand, sri lanka, india, the maldives and somalia. had this information been transmitted in a consistent fashion, there would have been ample time to evacuate people from the coastal areas of sri lanka, india, not to mention the east coast of africa.
there are no ocean sensors in the indian ocean. but this was not the cause of the failures and omissions in the warning system.
the tsunami became active immediately following the earthquake. no warnings were sent out following the seismic readings despite the fact that the tsunami had already hit the indonesian coast.
this is the key issue.
the tsunami was active, and this was known, corroborated not only by seismic information but also by satellite images and other data, roughly 30 minutes prior to hitting thailand.
annex
map: animation simulating the propagation of the tsunami in the indian ocean .
approximate timeline
(based on news reports published in the immediate wake of the earthquake)
sunday 26 december 2004 (gmt)
00.58.50 gmt: a 9.0 magnitude earthquake occurs on the seafloor near aceh in northern indonesia.
01.02.20 gmt: ida seismic stations in the indian ocean transmit data to the iris/ida network and the national earthquake information center world data center for seismology, denver(3 min 30 sec. after the earthquake)
shortly after 01.00 gmt: earthquake hits several cities in indonesia, creates panic in urban areas in peninsular malaysia. the news of the earthquake is reported immediately.
01.04 gmt the tsunami hits the coast of northern sumatra ( roughly 5 min after the earthquake)
01.10 minutes after the earthquake it devastated banda, capital of aceh. (11 minutes after the earthquake)
01.14 gmt: the pacific tsunami warning center in hawaii emits its first bulletin, confirming that there is no tsunami warning in effect.
01.3o gmt: phuket and coast of thailand: the tidal wave hits the coastline after 8.30 am, 01.30 gmt
02:16 gmt (one hour seventeen minutes after the earthquake). sio staff received notice via automatic email from the neic of the initial earthquake detection.
02.30 gmt: eastern coast of sri lanka is hit. the seismic wave hits the coastal regions close to the capital colombo, according to report at 8.30 am local time, 02.30 gmt (approximately, an hour and a half after the earthquake)
02:57 pm: one hour fifty-eight minutes after the quake, sio staff receive request from sri lanka “asking whether there had been any earthquakes in or near sri lanka.” (by that time the tsunami had already devastated the coast of sri lanka).
02.45 gmt: india’s eastern coastline. the tsunami hits india’s eastern coast as of 6:15 a.m.(02:45 gmt)
0.3.43 gmt: noaa log indicates that us pacific command, including the diego garcia military base, were “given a specific warning about the tsunami some two and three quarter hours after the earthquake” (the guardian, 7 jan 2005). subsequent reports suggest that the military received the seismic data in near real time shortly after the earthquake.
04.00 gmt: male, maldives: from about 9:00 am (04.00 gmt), three hours after the earthquake, the capital, male, and other parts of the country were flooded by the tsunami. (more than three hours after the earthquake)
08.00 -11.00 gmt (according to news dispatches): east coast of africa is hit. seven to ten hours after the earthquake (see animated map).
table 1
four monitoring stations in the biot chagos archipelago
1. ida/ iris dgar (diego garcia), seismometer on the site of the us air force’s ground-based electro-optical deep space surveillance (geodss) station at diego garcia. -7.3 s 72.4 e
2. ims/ ctbto biot chagos hydroacoustic station (ha08) at -7.3 s 72.4 e located at the diego garcia us military base
3. ims/ ctbto biot chagos radionuclide station (rn66) at -7.0 s 72.0 e located at the diego garcia us military base.
4. ims/ ctbto biot chagos infrasound station (is52) at -5.0 s 72.0 e located near peros banhos island
the ims stations transmit data in real time to the ctbto international data centre (idc) in vienna, the ida station transmits data in real to iris and neic
functions of ctbto international monitoring system
the primary and auxiliary seismic stations monitor seismic signals propagating through the earth from natural events (earthquakes) and man-made events (mining blasts and explosions);
monitor seismic signals propagating through the earth from natural events (earthquakes) and man-made events (mining blasts and explosions); the radionuclide stations pick up traces of radioactivity following a nuclear explosion in the atmosphere or leaked from an underground nuclear test;
the hydroacoustic stations detect explosions on the ocean surface and under the water; and
the infrasound stations provide evidence of a possible atmospheric explosion by detecting sound pressure waves in the atmosphere.
source: fas
table 2 ida project links to seismographic readings
source: ida project. magnitude 9.0 quake off the west coast of northern sumatra (click to access the relevant data)
http://ida.ucsd.edu/specialevents/2004/361/a/index.shtml#parameters
figure 1: seismographic readings for dec 26, 2005 at diego garcia dgar
click image to enlarge
source: project ida, http://ida.ucsd.edu/specialevents/2004/361/a/dgarunclip.gif
table 3:
480 stations sorted by distance from the epicenter recorded the seismic data
iris online data on wilber ii
event: 2004/12/26 00:58:50.7 off w coast of northern sumatera
(click to access event, select stations and proceed)
mag: 8.5 type: ms lat: 3.30 lon: 95.78 depth: 10.00
catalog: neicalrt contributor: neic source: spyder®
480 responding stations
source: wilber ii
table 4:
2004/12/26 00:58:50. first four responding stations sorted by distance from the epicenter (click station name to access seismographic readings)
name.net (distance/azimuth)
coco.ii (15.42°/176°) coco islands, australia
palk.ii (15.52°/285°) pallekele, sri lanka
qiz.ic (20.82°/40°) guandong province, china
dgar.ii (25.60°/245°) diego garcia, biot
source: wilber ii
the global tsunami warning system
while the ptwc failed to acknowledge the existence of the tsunami in its first two bulletins, the tsunami was in fact monitored in real time by a number of monitoring stations of the national oceanic and atmospheric administration (noaa) to which the ptwc belongs.
modeling enabled scientists to evaluate the traveling time of the tsunami. from the outset of the earthquake at 00.59 utc on the 26th, tsunami waves were monitored by a number of stations. moreover, noaa has acknowledged that it had very precise satellite images which enables it to measure the height of the tsunami. these height measurements were available but were only processed at a later period (see http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2005/s2365.htm )
noaa: tsunami height measurements (satellite) click to enlarge
related global research articles
links to important sources of information:
ida stations in the indian ocean:
the national earthquake information center (neic)
world data center of the national earthquake information center in denver, usa.
institute of geophysics and planetary physics , university of california, san diego,
usgs united states geological survey
national oceanic and atmospheric agency (noaa)
international monitoring system (ims) of the preparatory commission for the comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty organization (ctbto)
iisse: off coast of northern sumatra earthquake (japan)
i̇stanbul technical university, department of geophysical engineering, seismology section
on satellite imagery
participating agencies and space resources
dossiers de la terre et environnement (france) at http://www-dase.cea.fr/actu/dossiers_scientifiques/2004-12-26/index.html
emsc study:
european mediterranean seismological centre
mw 8.9 earthquake in sumatra on december 26th, 2004 at 00:58 utc (click for report)
university of evora study:
source rupture process of mw 9.0 26/12/2004 sumatra earthquake
earthquake (mw=8.9) of 26 december 2004
preliminary results
josé fernando borges, bento caldeira and mourad bezzeghoud
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rɪˈpɔrt: ˈmaɪˌlæn riˈstɑrt tɔks baɪ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˌɪˈtæljə stæf ˈmaɪˌlæn ər rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈrɛdi tɪ riˈstɑrt ˈkɑnˌtrækt tɔks wɪθ, lɛs ðən ə wik ˈæftər seɪɪŋ hi saɪn. ðə hæd bɪn ɪn rɪˈnuəl tɔks wɪθ ðə sɪns hi tərnd 18 ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri, bət læst wik ðə kləb kənˈfərmd hi hæd rɪˈʤɛktɪd ðɛr ˈɔfər. wɪθ ðə ˈkɑnˌtrækt du tɪ ɪkˈspaɪr æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈkəmɪŋ ˈsizən, ɪt əˈpɪrd ðə wʊd hæv tɪ sɛl ɪm. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, skaɪ ər naʊ rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ðət ˈeɪʤənt, ˈminoʊ raiola*, wɪl mit ˈmɑrkoʊ ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ deɪz, waɪl hɪz ˈbrəðər ˈɛnzoʊ həz gɔn tɪ ˈpoʊlənd tɪ dɪˈskəs ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɪθ ðə pleɪər ənd hɪz ˈfæməli. fər ðɛr pɑrt, ðə wɪl tɔk tɪ ðɛr ˈfæməli ˈæftər ðə ˈproʊˌtɛsts əˈgɛnst ɪm ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈɪtəli under-21s’*’ wɪn ˈoʊvər ˈdɛnˌmɑrk. ˈmaɪˌlæn ˈspɔrtɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər mɪrɑˈbɛli həz ˈspoʊkən wɪθ ðə ˈeɪʤənts əv ˈnɛtoʊ ənd pərɪn, bət ɪz ˈæskɪŋ fər taɪm waɪl ðeɪ əˈsɛs ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. θɔt tɔks wʊd bi ɪkˈstrimli ˈdɪfəkəlt, bət pərˈhæps nɑt ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl ɛz əˈpɪrd tɪ bi ðə keɪs læst wik.
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report: milan restart donnarumma talks
by football italia staff
milan are reportedly ready to restart contract talks with gianluigi donnarumma, less than a week after saying he wouldn’t sign.
the 18-year-old had been in renewal talks with the rossoneri since he turned 18 in february, but last week the club confirmed he had rejected their offer.
with the goalkeeper’s contract due to expire at the end of the coming season, it appeared the diavolo would have to sell him.
however, sky are now reporting that donnarumma’s agent, mino raiola, will meet marco fassone in the coming days, while his brother enzo has gone to poland to discuss the situation with the player and his family.
for their part, the diavolo will talk to their player’s family after the protests against him during italy under-21s’ win over denmark.
milan sporting director massimiliano mirabelli has spoken with the agents of neto and mattia perin, but is asking for time while they assess the donnarumma situation.
it’s thought re-opening talks would be extremely difficult, but perhaps not impossible as appeared to be the case last week.
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sɔlt leɪk ˈsɪti (ˌeɪˈpi) ə sɔlt leɪk ˈsɪti ˈsəbərb vaɪɪŋ əˈgɛnst ə nu ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ taʊn tɪ əˈtrækt ə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈdætə ˈsɛnər sɪz ðɛr riˈstɑrtɪŋ nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ə deɪ ˈæftər ðə dil broʊk daʊn ˈoʊvər ə kənˈtɛnʃəs ˈpækɪʤ. wɛst ˈʤɔrdən ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən kɪm wɛlz sɛd ðə pleɪərz ər ˈvɛri ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈkipɪŋ ðə tɔks əˈlaɪv, soʊ ðɛr ˈstɑrtɪŋ frɛʃ. ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ə ˈʤɛnərəs tæks ˌɪnˈsɛnɪv ˈɔfər frəm lɔs lunas*, nu ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ. ðə ˈjuˌtɔ dil simd tɪ fɔl əˈpɑrt ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈæftər ðə steɪt skul bɔrd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðə 240 ˈmɪljən dil wɑz tu rɪʧ, ˈædɪŋ ðɛr ˈvɔɪsɪz tɪ ə groʊɪŋ ˈkɔrəs əv kˈwɛsʧənz. ˈjuˌtɔ ˈkrɪtɪks ˈɑrgju ðə kɔst wɑz tu haɪ fər ə fəˈsɪlɪti ðət wʊd kriˈeɪt ˈrɛlətɪvli fju ʤɑbz, bət səˈpɔrtərz seɪ ðə ˈdætə ˈsɛnər wʊd ˈkɛri ə kæˈʃeɪ ðət kʊd drɔ ˌhaɪˈtɛk ˈkəmpəˌniz.
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salt lake city (ap) — a salt lake city suburb vying against a new mexico town to attract a facebook data center says they're restarting negotiations a day after the deal broke down over a contentious tax-break package.
west jordan spokeswoman kim wells said the players are very interested in keeping the talks alive, so they're starting fresh.
facebook is also considering a generous tax incentive offer from los lunas, new mexico.
the utah deal seemed to fall apart tuesday after the state school board decided the $240 million deal was too rich, adding their voices to a growing chorus of questions.
utah critics argue the cost was too high for a facility that would create relatively few jobs, but supporters say the data center would carry a cache that could draw high-tech companies.
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ðə ˈfeɪtəl ˈʃutɪŋ əv ən əˈnɑrmd blæk ˈtiˌneɪʤər ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ baɪ ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər ɪn ə st*. luɪs ˈsəbərb keɪm ˈæftər ə ˈstrəgəl fər ðə gən, pəˈlis əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ˈsənˌdi, ɪn ən ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ðət mɛt wɪθ ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ ənd ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm ɪn ðə ˈlɑrʤli ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən kəmˈjunɪti. ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ əv ðə juθ, ˈmaɪkəl braʊn, 18 ˌɪgˈnaɪtɪd ˈproʊˌtɛsts ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ənd ˈsənˌdi ɪn ˈfərgəsən, moʊ., ə ˈsəbərb əv əˈbaʊt ˈrɛzɪdənts. ˈhənərdz əv ˈpipəl ˈgæðərd æt ðə sin əv ðə ˈʃutɪŋ tɪ kˈwɛʃən ðə pəˈlis ənd tɪ laɪt ˈkændəlz fər ˈmɪstər. braʊn, hu wɑz ˈplænɪŋ tɪ bɪˈgɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈklæsɪz ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ. ˈmɪstər. ˈstɛpˌfɑðər, luɪs hɛd, hɛld ə ˈkɑrdˌbɔrd saɪn ðət sɛd, pəˈlis ʤɪst ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd maɪ əˈnɑrmd son.”*.” æt ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns ɔn ˈsənˌdi ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ðə st*. luɪs ˈkaʊnti pəˈlis ʧif, ʤɑn, sɛd ðət ə mæn hæd bɪn ʃɑt ənd kɪld ˈæftər hi hæd əˈsɔltɪd ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər ənd ðə tu hæd ˈstrəgəld ˈoʊvər ðə gən ˌɪnˈsaɪd hɪz pəˈtroʊl kɑr. æt list wən ʃɑt wɑz faɪərd frəm ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə kɑr, ʧif sɛd.
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the fatal shooting of an unarmed black teenager saturday by a police officer in a st. louis suburb came after a struggle for the officer’s gun, police officials said sunday, in an explanation that met with outrage and skepticism in the largely african-american community.
the killing of the youth, michael brown, 18, ignited protests on saturday and sunday in ferguson, mo., a working-class suburb of about 20,000 residents. hundreds of people gathered at the scene of the shooting to question the police and to light candles for mr. brown, who was planning to begin college classes on monday.
mr. brown’s stepfather, louis head, held a cardboard sign that said, “ferguson police just executed my unarmed son.”
at a news conference on sunday morning, the st. louis county police chief, jon belmar, said that a man had been shot and killed after he had assaulted a police officer and the two had struggled over the officer’s gun inside his patrol car. at least one shot was fired from inside the car, chief belmar said.
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'ˈʤihɑd ʤeɪn' gɪts 10 jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən ˈtɑgəl ˈkæpʃən /ˌeɪˈpi ðə ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ˈwʊmən noʊn ɛz "ˈʤihɑd ʤeɪn" həz bɪn ˈsɛntənst tɪ 10 jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən fər hər roʊl ɪn ə feɪld plɑt tɪ kɪl ə sˈwidɪʃ ˈɑrtɪst. ˈrɔɪtərz raɪts ðət "ˌkɑˈlin ɑr. lɑˈroʊsi, 50 kʊd hæv rɪˈsivd ə laɪf ˈsɛntəns [bət] həz ˈgɪvɪn əˈθɔrətiz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt hɛlp ɪn ˈəðər ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ˈkeɪsɪz sɪns hər 2009 ərˈɛst, ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz sɛd." ɛz wi roʊt bæk ɪn mɑrʧ 2010 lɑˈroʊsi wɑz əˈkjuzd əv ˈjuzɪŋ ðə wɛb tɪ rɪˈkrut ˈəðərz fər ˈvaɪələnt əˈtæks əraʊnd ðə wərld. ʃi dəbd hərˈsɛlf ˈʤihɑd ʤeɪn. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs, ðə dɪˈfɛns ənd ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən əˈgrid ðət lɑˈroʊsi "wɑz ˈloʊnli ənd ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ənd ɪnˈdʊrd hɑrʃ əˈbjuz θruaʊt hər laɪf. bət ðeɪ dɪsəˈgrid ɔn haʊ greɪt ə θrɛt ʃi wɑz." ˈrɔɪtərz riˈmaɪndz ˈridərz ðət: "lɑˈroʊsi ˈtrævəld tɪ ˈjʊrəp ɪn 2009 ˌɪnˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ə ˈmɪlətənt plɑt tɪ ʃut ˈɑrtɪst lɑrz ɪn ðə ʧɛst sɪks taɪmz. bət lɑˈroʊsi bɪˈkeɪm ˌɪmˈpeɪʃənt wɪθ ðə mɛn hu lʊrd hər tɪ ˈjʊrəp ənd ʃi geɪv əp ˈæftər sɪks wiks ənd rɪˈtərnd tɪ ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə, wɛr ʃi wɑz ərˈɛstɪd." ðə ˈɑrtɪst hu wɑz ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt əv ðə plɑt "hæd dɪˈpɪktɪd ðə hɛd əv ðə ˈməzlɪm ˈprɑfət moʊˈhɑmɛd ɔn ə dɔg," ˈrɔɪtərz ædz.
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'jihad jane' gets 10 years in prison
toggle caption /ap
the pennsylvania woman known as "jihad jane" has been sentenced to 10 years in prison for her role in a failed al-qaida plot to kill a swedish artist.
reuters writes that "colleen r. larose, 50, could have received a life sentence [but] has given authorities significant help in other terrorism cases since her 2009 arrest, prosecutors said."
as we wrote back in march 2010, larose was accused of using the web to recruit others for violent attacks around the world. she dubbed herself jihad jane.
according to the associated press, the defense and prosecution agreed that larose "was lonely and isolated and endured harsh abuse throughout her life. but they disagreed on how great a threat she was."
reuters reminds readers that:
"larose ... traveled to europe in 2009 intending to participate in a militant plot to shoot artist lars vilks in the chest six times. but larose became impatient with the men who lured her to europe and she gave up after six weeks and returned to philadelphia, where she was arrested."
the artist who was the object of the plot "had depicted the head of the muslim prophet mohammad on a dog," reuters adds.
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ðə meɪn ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈbɪlɪŋ ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɪz ðət ɪt kən hɛlp jʊr ˈbɪznɪs səkˈsid. ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈbɪlɪŋ ˈsɔfˌwɛr həz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ əˈdæpt tɪ jʊr ˈbɪznɪs. ˈbeɪsɪkli, ju, ɛz ðə ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər əv ðə saɪt kən kənˈtroʊl ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz dən. ˈoʊpən sɔrs gɪvz jʊr ˈkəmpəˌni ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl lʊk ənd fil əv ðə saɪt. ju ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ʧeɪnʤ haʊ jʊr ˈbɪznɪs rənz. ˈbɪznɪsɪz ʧeɪnʤ ˈoʊvər taɪm, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðeɪ ˈblɑsəm, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðeɪ ˈfɔltər, ˌɔlˈðoʊ noʊ wən wɔnts ðə ˈlætər ɪt ɪz ə smɑrt aɪˈdiə tɪ hæv ˈsɔfˌwɛr ðət ɪz əˈgriəbəl tɪ jʊr ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl nidz. ˈæftər ju hæv səˈlɛktɪd ðə raɪt ˈvɛndər fər jʊr ˈbɪznɪs nidz, kip ɪn maɪnd ðət ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪn ðə bɛst ʃeɪp raɪt naʊ. ɪn ðə wərst keɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊ, jʊr ˈvɛndər maɪt nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ səˈpɔrt jʊr ˈbɪznɪs ˈɛni ˈlɔŋgər. ɪf ðɪs ˈhæpənz, ˈnəθɪŋ wɪl ˈhæpən tɪ ju ənd ju ər nɑt əˈfɛktɪd ɪn ˈɛni weɪ, ʃeɪp, ər fɔrm. ðɪs ɪz bɪˈkəz ju taɪd tɪ ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr prəˈvaɪdər. waɪ ˈʧuzɪŋ ðə ˈvɛri bɛst ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈbɪlɪŋ ˈsɔfˌwɛr kən prəˈtɛkt jʊr ˈbɪznɪs nidz. ðɪs taɪp əv ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɪz gɪrd tɪ prəˈtɛktɪŋ jʊr ˌklaɪənˈtɛl. ɪt ɪz ə sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈmɛʒər ðət ju ˈsɪmpli əˈfɔrd tɪ bi wɪˈθaʊt. naʊ, ju hæv tɪ rɪsk ˈluzɪŋ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈdætə ɪf θɪŋz pæn aʊt ðə weɪ ju nid ðɛm tɪ. laɪf ɪz ˌənprɪˈdɪktəbəl, bət prəˈtɛktɪŋ jʊr ˈbɪznɪs nidz hæv tɪ bi. wɪθ kəˈmərʃəl ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈbɪlɪŋ ˈsɔfˌwɛr ju wɪl rɪˈsiv mɔr səˈpɔrt ðən ðət əv prəˈvaɪdərz. ju hæv ðə raɪt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr jʊr ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɪz jʊr oʊn, ˈoʊnli ju hæv ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ ənd ˈkəstəˌmaɪz ɪt tɪ jʊr nidz. noʊ wən ɛls wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ hoʊn ɪn ɔn jʊr aɪˈdiəz. ɛz ðə saɪt ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər, ju kən ˈkɑpiˌraɪt jʊr oʊn məˈtɪriəl. prəˈvaɪdərz du ðə ɪgˈzækt ˈɑpəzɪt. ðeɪ əˈlaʊ ju tɪ ˈkɑpi, dɪˈstrɪbjut, ənd ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ ðə məˈtɪriəl, bət æt ə ˈpərsɪnəl kɔst. nən əv ðə wərk goʊz tɪ ju ər jʊr ˈkəmpəˌni. jʊr neɪm ənd jʊr neɪm ər ˌənprəˈtɛktɪd ˈæftər ju səbˈmɪt ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈɔnˌlaɪn. ˌɔlˈðoʊ prəˈvaɪdərz meɪ sim laɪk ə gʊd aɪˈdiə, wɪθ ˈfərðər ˈrisərʧ ju wɪl si ðeɪ ər nɑt. ju nid tɪ teɪk kənˈtroʊl əv jʊr oʊn ˈbɪznɪs, ˈkɑpiˌraɪt jʊr məˈtɪriəl, ənd meɪk ʃʊr noʊ wən ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤɪz ɔn ˈɛni əv jʊr ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈprɑpərti. ðɪs ɪz waɪ ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈbɪlɪŋ ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɪz ðə bɛst aɪˈdiə. ɪt ɪz ðə bɛst səˈluʃən fər jʊr ˈbɪznɪs ənd wɪθ ˈkɛrfəl kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən əˈsaɪd, ɪt wɪl meɪk ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈiziər fər ju ənd jʊr klaɪənts əˈlaɪk.
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the main advantage of open source billing software is that it can help your business succeed. open source billing software has the ability to adapt to your business. basically, you, as the administrator of the site can control how/when everything is done. open source gives your company the ability to change the overall look and feel of the site. you also have the opportunity to change how your business runs. businesses change over time, sometimes they blossom, sometimes they falter, although no one wants the latter it is a smart idea to have software that is agreeable to your financial needs.
after you have selected the right vendor for your business needs, keep in mind that our economy isn’t in the best shape right now. in the worst case scenario, your vendor might not be able to support your business any longer. if this happens, nothing will happen to you and you are not affected in any way, shape, or form. this is because you aren’t tied to the software provider. that’s why choosing the very best open source billing software can protect your business needs. this type of software is geared to protecting your company’s clientele. it is a security measure that you simply can’t afford to be without. now, you don’t have to risk losing important company/consumer data if things don’t pan out the way you need them to. life is unpredictable, but protecting your business needs shouldn’t have to be.
with commercial open source billing software you will receive more support than that of gpl providers. you have the right to make sure your software is your own, only you have the ability to modify and customize it to your needs. no one else will be able to hone in on your ideas. as the site administrator, you can copyright your own material. gpl providers do the exact opposite. they allow you to copy, distribute, and modify the material, but at a personal cost. none of the work goes to you or your company. your name and your company’s name are unprotected after you submit the software online.
although gpl providers may seem like a good idea, with further research you will see they are not. you need to take control of your own business, copyright your material, and make sure no one infringes on any of your online property. this is why open source billing software is the best idea. it is the best solution for your business and with careful consideration aside, it will make everything easier for you and your clients alike.
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ðə ˈdɪksi kəp, ðə ˈklinəks əv ˈpeɪpər kəps, ðə juˈbɪkwɪtəs, single-serving*, ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈvɛsəl, wɑz ˈnɛvər mɛnt tɪ bi ʃɛrd. ðə ˈpeɪpər kəps wər nɑt bɪlt tɪ læst. drɪŋk. tɔs. rɪˈpit. ðɛr ˈstɔri stɑrts wɪθ ə ˈbɔstən ˌɪnˈvɛntər neɪmd ˈlɔrəns ˈlʊlən, hu ˈkræftɪd ə kəp meɪd aʊt əv ə blæŋk əv ˈpeɪpər. hi ʤɔɪnd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwɔtər səˈplaɪ ˈkəmpəˌni, ðə ˈbreɪnˌʧaɪld əv ə ˈhɑrvərd ˈdrɑˌpaʊt neɪmd ju mʊr. ðə tu bɪˈgæn dɪˈspɛnsɪŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈsərvɪŋz əv ˈwɔtər fər ə sɛnt fər ə kəp frəm ə tɔl, ˈkləmzi ˈpɔrsələn ˈwɔtər ˈkulər. sun ðeɪ wər ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ kəp ˈkəmpəˌni əv nu jɔrk ənd hæd riˈneɪmd ðɛr soʊl ˈprɑdəkt ðə hɛlθ kup*, ə ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ tɛkˈnɑləʤi ðət kʊd hɛlp prɪˈvɛnt ðə trænzˈmɪʃən əv kəmˈjunəkəbəl dɪˈziz ənd eɪd ðə kæmˈpeɪn tɪ du əˈweɪ wɪθ fri ˈwɔtər ˈɔfərd æt kəmˈjunəl kəps, dippers,”*,” faʊnd ɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈbɪldɪŋz ənd ˈreɪlˌweɪ ˈsteɪʃənz. meɪk noʊ mɪˈsteɪk, bɪˈkəz əv ðɪs skərʤ, wən baɪˈɑləʤɪst ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ə 1908 ˈɑrtɪkəl, ðɛr wɑz ɪn skul ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ cups.”*.” jɛt ɪt hɛlθ ðət ˈəltəmətli peɪvd ðə weɪ fər ðə dɪˈspoʊzəbəl ˈpeɪpər juˈbɪkwɪti ənd kəˈmərʃəl ˌɪmɔrˈtælɪti. wən deɪ, mʊr stɑpt ɪn æt ðə ˈdɪksi dɑl ˈkəmpəˌni ənd æst ðə ɪf hi kʊd ˈbɑˌroʊ ðɛr neɪm fər hɪz kəp, bɪˈkəz, əˈpɛrəntli, ðə ˈvɛsəlz wər naʊ ɛz rɪˈlaɪəbəl ɛz oʊld bɪlz (dixies*, frəm ðə frɛnʧ dɪks) ˈɪʃud baɪ luˌiziˈænə praɪər tɪ ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ æn ˈkupər əˈkaʊnt ɪn ˈsəndeɪ bɛst. ðə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən wɑz ˈfərðər sɪˈmɛntɪd wɪn ˈsoʊdə ˈfaʊntənz ˌɪntrəˈdust ən ˌɔtəˈmætɪk məˈʃin tɪ ðət kʊd fɪl ə kəp wɪθ tu ˈfleɪvərz əv aɪs krim æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ˈəʃərɪŋ ɪn ˈwʊdən skups ənd dɪˈspoʊzəbəl kəps noʊn ɛz aɪs krim dixies*. ˈdɪksi kəps ˈɔfər ˈsəmθɪŋ æt wəns rɪˈfrɛʃɪŋ ənd proʊˈfaʊndli ˈsoʊbərɪŋ, ə ˌpaɪəˈnɪrɪŋ ˈprɑdəkt ðət ˈəʃərd ɪn ðə weɪv əv items—razors*, kænz, pɛnz, ˈbɑtəlz əv ˈwɔtər ənd ðə ˈpeɪpər kəps ju kən faɪnd æt ˈɔfəsɪz, ˈbæˌkjɑrd ˈbɑrbɪˌkjuz ənd, əv kɔrs, ðə ˈɔfəs ˈwɔtər ˈkulər. drɔɪŋ: ˈlɔrəns ˈdəbəlju. ˈlʊlən, 1912 ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ kəp. ˈjuˈɛs ˈpætənt 1032557
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the dixie cup, the kleenex of paper cups, the ubiquitous, single-serving, individual drinking vessel, was never meant to be shared. the paper cups were not built to last. drink. toss. repeat.
their story starts with a boston inventor named lawrence luellen, who crafted a two-piece cup made out of a blank of paper. he joined the american water supply company, the brainchild of a kansas-born harvard dropout named hugh moore. the two began dispensing individual servings of water for a penny—one cent for a five-ounce cup from a tall, clumsy porcelain water cooler.
soon they were the individual drinking cup company of new york and had renamed their sole product the health kup, a life-saving drinking technology that could help prevent the transmission of communicable disease and aid the campaign to do away with free water offered at communal cups, “tin dippers,” found in public buildings and railway stations. make no mistake, because of this scourge, one biologist reported in a 1908 article, there was “death in school drinking cups.”
yet it wasn’t health that ultimately paved the way for the disposable paper cup’s ubiquity and commercial immortality. one day, moore stopped in at the dixie doll company and asked the dollmaker if he could borrow their name for his cup, because, apparently, the vessels were now as reliable as old ten-dollar bills (dixies, from the french dix) issued by louisiana prior to the civil war, according to anne cooper funderburg’s account in sundae best. the cup’s reputation was further cemented when soda fountains introduced an automatic machine to that could fill a cup with two flavors of ice cream at the same time, ushering in paper-wrapped wooden scoops and disposable cups known as ice cream dixies.
dixie cups offer something at once refreshing and profoundly sobering, a pioneering product that ushered in the wave of single-use items—razors, aerosolized cans, pens, bottles of water and the paper cups you can find at doctor’s offices, backyard barbecues and, of course, the office water cooler.
drawing: lawrence w. luellen, 1912. drinking cup. us patent 1032557.
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ðə ˈpeɪpərˌwərk sɪz hɪz ˈlɪmfəˌsaɪts ər 99 pərˈsɛnt ˈkænsərəs. ɛz ðeɪ priˈpɛr tɪ ˈtrænsfər ˈjuˈɛs frəm ðə ər tɪ ðə icu*, ðə nərs kəmz tɪ pleɪs ən. ʃi simz tɪ pɔz, ˈsərˌveɪɪŋ ɑr ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz. aɪ du nɑt noʊ wət ʃi siz, wət prɑmpts hər wərdz ər haʊ wi ər biɪŋ kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ hər ˈmɛməriz. bət ʃi livz wɪθ ə ˈʤɛnəl ˈsteɪtmənt, ju dɪd ðə raɪt θɪŋ, ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. wi θɔt hi hæd ðə flu, bət hi hæd noʊ hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns, soʊ aɪ hæd əˈʃʊrd ɪm wi kʊd ˈsɪmpli wɔk ˈɪntu ðə ər æt ðə fər ə ˈʧɛˌkəp. aɪ du nɑt noʊ haʊ tɪ tɛl ðə nərs ðət ˈʧɔɪsɪz ɪgˈzɪst ɪn ðɪs pleɪs. biɪŋ ədˈmɪtəd minz ˈgɪvɪŋ əp ˈfridəm, ˈivɪn tɪ wɔk ˌənəˈkəmpənid tɪ ðə ˈɛləˌveɪtər ənd əraɪv æt jʊr ˈkrɪtɪkəl kɛr rum, ɪts sˈlaɪdɪŋ glæs dɔrz ˈæŋgəld ˈɪntu ðə ˈhɔlˌweɪ tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən. soʊ wi weɪt ˈdutifəli fər ðə ˈtrænspɔrt ənd əraɪv ˈviə ˈwiˌlʧɛr. ˈprɑpər ˈlɪftɪŋ tɛkˈnik ɪz əˈplaɪd. ə nu gaʊn ˈɪʃud. ˈsæmpəlz ˈteɪkən, bægz hʊkt əp. ðə ˈmɑnətərz bɪˈgɪn ðɛr ˈʤɛnəl ˈbipɪŋ, ə ˈsɪŋgəl saʊnd ðət wɪl groʊ ˈɪntu ə kæˈkɑfəni ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst jɪr. ə prəˈpoʊzd ˌkimoʊˈθɛrəpi ˈskɛʤʊl ɪz teɪpt tɪ ðə bɪˈloʊ ə ˈwɛlkəm ˈmɛsɪʤ: təˈdeɪ ɪz ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2nd*, 2014 jʊr nərs ɪz ˌɪˈvɛt. wi lʊk æt iʧ ˈəðər ɛz wi ˈsərˌveɪ ɑr nu sərˈaʊndɪŋz, hi frəm ðə bɛd, mi frəm ðə ˈɑrmˌʧɛr. ɪf aɪ lin bæk ə ˈimərʤɪz, səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðə sˈlaɪtəst ˈkəmfərt fər ə sˈlipləs naɪt. aɪ du nɑt ˌɪnˈtɛnd tɪ steɪ. ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn ðə pæst, faɪv jɪrz ər faɪv aʊərz ˌbiˈfɔr, ˈlivɪŋ mɛnt ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls. ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ lækt ðə kərɪʤ tɪ du. bət hir, ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ɑr wɔr, aɪ noʊ wət tɪ du. aɪ əˈnaʊns maɪ dɪˈpɑrʧər, ˈgæðər maɪ θɪŋz, ənd kɪs maɪ ˈhəzbənd ˈgʊdˌnaɪt. aɪ kən stɪl si hɪz feɪs, ðə ˈgətɪd ɪkˈsprɛʃən, hɪz ˈhɛlpləsnəs ˈpʊʃɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈspeɪsɪz ˈkəltəˌveɪtɪd jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr. aɪ du nɑt fərˈgɪv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf fər ˈlivɪŋ. aɪ θɪŋk əv ɔl ðə taɪmz lɛft ənd ˈwəndər ɪf hi ˈɛvər fərˈgeɪv hɪmˈsɛlf fər ðoʊz. 5 baɪ ˈmɛθəd ənd ˈdɪsəplən ər tɪ bi ˌəndərˈstʊd ðə ˈmɑrʃəlɪŋ əv ðə ˈɑrmi ɪn ɪts ˈprɑpər ˈsəbdɪˌvɪʒənz, ðə ˌgræʤəˈweɪʃənz əv ræŋk əˈməŋ ðə ˈɔfɪsərz, ðə ˈmeɪntənəns əv roʊdz baɪ wɪʧ səˈplaɪz meɪ riʧ ðə ˈɑrmi, ənd ðə kənˈtroʊl əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɪkˈspɛndɪʧər. aɪ stɛp aʊt ˈɪntu ðə ˈfənəl əv ˈaɪsi wɪnd ɔn strit ənd ˈbæləns ə ˌsɪgəˈrɛt ɔn maɪ krækt lɪps, maɪ hænz əraʊnd ðə ɛnd ənd ˌɪnˈsərtɪŋ ðə ˈlaɪtər tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə fleɪm. ɪt ɪz ə ˈmɛθəd, ʤɪst laɪk maɪ ˈhəzbənd tɔt mi. aɪ faɪnd maɪ foʊn ənd kɔl maɪ ˈməðər. ɪt ɪz dɑrk aʊt, ənd aɪ hæv noʊ ˈkɑnsɛpt əv wɛr aɪ æm bɪtˈwin dəsk ənd dɔn. aɪ kɔl əˈgɛn. ɔn ðə θərd traɪ ʃi weɪks ənd hər vɔɪs kɔlz aʊt, fəˈmɪljər ənd ˈkəmfərtɪŋ, rɔŋ?! aɪ tɛl hər, ˈfoʊldɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə speɪs aɪ noʊ ɪz ðɛr, kɑrvd aʊt baɪ ðə peɪn əv maɪ bərθ, ðət ʃi ˈɔlˌweɪz hoʊldz fər mi. ˈoʊvər ðə foʊn aɪ hir hər gɪt əp frəm ðə bɛd, maɪ kˈwɛsʧənz ənd hər kərt rɪˈplaɪ. ʃi ɪz ˈmuvɪŋ. aɪ hir ðə krik əv ðə stɛrz ənd ə ˈrəslɪŋ, ənd aɪ noʊ ʃi ɪz ˈriʧɪŋ fər hər ˈnərsɪŋ ˈtɛkstˌbʊks, ˈflɪpɪŋ θru ˈpeɪʤɪz tɪ ʧɛk bləd rɪˈzəlts ənd haɪˈpɑθəˌsaɪz prɑgˈnoʊsiz. ər ðeɪ ʃʊr ɪt ˈvaɪrəl? ʃi æsks. jɛs, aɪ seɪ. ðə waɪt bləd sɛl kaʊnt ɪz ˈoʊvər ɪt ɪz ˈkænsər. aɪ məst muv tu. aɪ maɪ weɪ daʊn fərst ˈævəˌnu, maɪ ɪkˈspoʊzd raɪt hænd ən ˈaɪsi bərn, maɪ buts ˈsoʊkɪŋ əp ˈmɛltɪŋ snoʊ. naɪn blɑks, daʊn ðə stɛrz, ənd ˈɪntu ðə ˈɛkoʊ əv ðə ˈsəbˌweɪ ˈsteɪʃən. ə treɪn əraɪvz ənd aɪ sɪt, aɪz ˈstreɪnɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə ənˈnæʧərəl ˌflʊˈrɛsənt laɪts. maɪ ˈkɑmˌrædz ənd aɪ stɛr ˈɪntu ðə ˈdɑrknəs əv ðə ˈtənəl, əˈvɔɪdɪŋ iʧ ˈprɛzəns ɪn ðət weɪ ˈoʊnli nu ˈjɔrkərz kən, ðə weɪ aɪ æm ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈgreɪtfəl fər. wi spid ˈəndər ðə ist ˈrɪvər təˈwɔrd ˈbrʊklɪn, tɪ maɪ əˈpɑrtmənt wɛr ðə kæt bɪn fɛd sɪns ˈmɔrnɪŋ. təˈwɔrd ðə ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɔfəs, ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd fɔrmz, ðə ˈpækɪŋ ənd ˈmuvɪŋ ənd ˈplænɪŋ ðət aɪ noʊ məst bi dən. nɑt aʊt əv ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən, ər ʧɔɪs, bət ləv. ˈmɑli pərl ɪz ə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈwərkər ənd ˈvɛtərən spouse/caregiver*. ʃi ɪz ˈpæʃənət əˈbaʊt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈʤəstɪs, dis/ability*, ənd ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ ðə speɪs bɪtˈwin saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən ənd ˌriˈæləˌti. ʃi rɪˈzaɪdz ɪn ˈbrʊklɪn wɪθ hər ˈhəzbənd ənd kæts. noʊt: ˈdɑktər. ɪz ə ˈsudəˌnɪm.
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the paperwork says his lymphocytes are 99 percent cancerous. as they prepare to transfer us from the er to the icu, the nurse comes to place an iv. she seems to pause, surveying our circumstances. i do not know what she sees, what prompts her words or how we are being committed to her memories. but she leaves with a gentle statement, you did the right thing, coming to the hospital. we thought he had the flu, but he had no health insurance, so i had assured him we could simply walk into the er at the va for a checkup. i do not know how to tell the nurse that choices don’t exist in this place.
being admitted means giving up freedom, even to walk unaccompanied to the elevator and arrive at your single-occupancy critical care room, its sliding glass doors angled into the hallway to ensure observation. so we wait dutifully for the transport and arrive via wheelchair. proper lifting technique is applied. a new gown issued. samples taken, iv bags hooked up. the monitors begin their gentle beeping, a single sound that will grow into a cacophony over the next year. a proposed chemotherapy schedule is taped to the whiteboard below a welcome message: today is february 2nd, 2014. your nurse is yvette.
we don’t look at each other as we survey our new surroundings, he from the bed, me from the plastic-coated armchair. if i lean back a footrest emerges, suggesting the slightest comfort for a sleepless night. i do not intend to stay. somewhere in the past, five years or five hours before, leaving meant something else. something i lacked the courage to do. but here, in the middle of our war, i know what to do. i announce my departure, gather my things, and kiss my husband goodnight. i can still see his face, the gutted expression, his helplessness pushing into the spaces i’d cultivated years before. i do not forgive myself for leaving. i think of all the times he’s left and wonder if he ever forgave himself for those.
5. by method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of roads by which supplies may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure.
i step out into the funnel of icy wind on 23rd street and balance a cigarette on my cracked lips, cupping my hands around the end and inserting the lighter to protect the flame. it is a field-tested method, just like my husband taught me. i find my phone and call my mother. it is dark out, and i have no concept of where i am between dusk and dawn. i call again. on the third try she wakes and her sleep-croaked voice calls out, familiar and comforting, what’s wrong?! i tell her, folding into the space i know is there, carved out by the pain of my birth, that she always holds for me.
over the phone i hear her get up from the bed, my father’s half-sleeping questions and her curt reply. she is moving. i hear the creak of the stairs and a rustling, and i know she is reaching for her nursing textbooks, flipping through pages to check blood results and hypothesize prognoses. are they sure it isn’t viral? she asks. yes, i say. the white blood cell count is over 100,000. it is cancer.
i must move too. i chain-smoke my way down first avenue, my exposed right hand an icy burn, my boots soaking up melting snow. it’s nine blocks, down the stairs, and into the echo of the subway station. a train arrives and i sit, eyes straining against the unnatural fluorescent lights. my comrades and i stare into the darkness of the tunnel, avoiding each other’s presence in that way only new yorkers can, the way i am always grateful for. we speed under the east river toward brooklyn, to my apartment where the cat hasn’t been fed since morning. toward the social security office, medicaid forms, the packing and moving and planning that i know must be done. not out of obligation, or choice, but love.
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molly pearl is a social worker and veteran spouse/caregiver. she is passionate about economic justice, dis/ability, and exploring the space between science fiction and reality. she resides in brooklyn with her husband and cats.
*editor’s note: dr. goud is a pseudonym.
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gɪt ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈɛvərtən ˈstɔriz baɪ iˈmeɪl səbˈskraɪb θæŋk ju fər səbˈskraɪbɪŋ wi hæv mɔr ˈnuzˌlɛtərz ʃoʊ mi si ɑr ˈpraɪvəsi ˈnoʊtɪs kʊd nɑt səbˈskraɪb, traɪ əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl ən ˈɛvərtən səˈpɔrtərz grup hæv ˈʧælənʤd ðə kləb tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ˈneɪbərz ˈlɪvərˌpul ənd bæn ðə frəm ðɛr ˈtreɪnɪŋ graʊnd ənd ˈsteɪdiəm. ɪt ˈimərʤd ˈərliər ðət ðə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən, wɪʧ həz bɪn ˈheɪtɪd ɔn ˈɛvər sɪns ðeɪ ˈpəblɪʃt ˈhjuʤli ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ laɪz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈhɪlzbəroʊ dɪˈzæstər ɪn 1989 wɪl noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ sɛnd rɪˈpɔrtərz tɪ ˈkəvər ˈmæʧɪz æt ər prɛs ˈkɑnfərənsəz æt ˈmɛlwʊd. ðə ˈtoʊtəl bæn ɪz ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl dɪˈskəʃənz bɪtˈwin ˈlɪvərˌpul əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ðə ˈtoʊtəl ɪˈklɪps əv ðə kæmˈpeɪn ənd kɪks ɪn wɪθ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈifɛkt. ðə blu ˈjunjən 'wɛl dən tɪ ɔl ɔn kənˈvɪnsɪŋ tɪ bæn ˈʤərnəlɪst frəm ðɛr ˈprɛməsəz. ˈoʊvər tɪ ju ðə kæmˈpeɪn ˈgæðərd peɪs læst jɪr ˈæftər ðə ˈhɪlzbəroʊ ruld ðət ðə 96 hæd bɪn ənˈlɔfəli kɪld ənd klɪrd fænz əv ˈɛni bleɪm. kæmˈpeɪn grup ˈmɛmbərz hæv kənˈvɪnst ˈdəzənz əv ʃɑps tɪ stɑp ˈsɛlɪŋ ðə ˈpeɪpər ənd ˈtæksiz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈsɪti hæv bɪn ˈbrændɪd wɪθ 'doʊnt baɪ ðə'. ˈlɪvərˌpul ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsəl ənd ˈkaʊnsəl hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ bæk ðə bɪd. ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz ˈɪnfəməs 'ðə truθ' frənt peɪʤ ɪn 1989 ˈfɔlsli əˈlɛʤd ðət ˈlɪvərˌpul fænz stoʊl frəm ðə dɛd ənd əbˈstrəktɪd ðə ˈimərʤənsi ˈsərvɪsɪz. ˈoʊvər ðə pæst 28 jɪrz ðə wɑz ˈnɛvər ˈeɪbəl tɪ hæv ɪkˈsklusɪv ˈɪntərvˌjuz wɪθ ˈlɪvərˌpul ˈmænɪʤərz ər pleɪərz bət ənˈtɪl naʊ ðeɪ wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈkəvər ˈmæʧɪz ənd prɛs ˈkɑnfərənsəz. ˈvɪdioʊ ˈloʊdɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ ˌənəˈveɪləbəl klɪk tɪ pleɪ tæp tɪ pleɪ ðə ˈvɪdioʊ wɪl stɑrt ɪn 8 ˈkænsəl pleɪ naʊ blu ˈjunjən ˈspoʊksmən deɪv ˈkɛli sɛd ðə grup bɪˈlivz ðət ðə məst naʊ ˈprɛzənt ə juˈnaɪtɪd frənt ənd ˈfɑloʊ sut. hi sɛd: "ɪts bɪn ˌɪnˈdɪkətɪv ɔl ðə ðə weɪ θru ðət ˈɛvərtən hæv bɪn ˌɪnstrəˈmɛnəl ɪn səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ˈhɪlzbəroʊ ˈfæməliz ənd ðɛr ˈʤəstɪs kæmˈpeɪn frəm deɪ wən. "naʊ ðə kləbz ʃʊd du wət ˈlɪvərˌpul hæv dən. ɪts ˈnɛvər bɪn əˈbaʊt blu ər rɛd, ɪts raɪt ər rɔŋ. "ðə blu ˈjunjən hæv bɪn ˈhɛvəli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ðə ˈtoʊtəl ɪˈklɪps kæmˈpeɪn ənd ɑr ˈbænər prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ɪt həz bɪn tɪ ˈnumərəs graʊnz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri ənd ðə ˈkɑntənənt. "ɪt wɪl bi ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪŋ ɪf ˈlɪvərˌpul teɪk ðət ˈækʃən ənd ˈɛvərtən doʊnt. "ɪt sɛndz ə klɪr ˈmɛsɪʤ ɪf ˈɛvərtən teɪk ðə seɪm stæns. ðɛr həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ə juˈnaɪtɪd frənt bɪtˈwin ðə kləbz ɔn ðɪs ənd waɪl ðə ˈfæməliz hæv ˈfaɪnəli, bɪˈleɪtədli, hæd ðə truθ ðeɪ ər stɪl ˈweɪtɪŋ fər fʊl ˈʤəstɪs."
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an everton supporters group have challenged the club to follow neighbours liverpool and ban the s*n from their training ground and stadium.
it emerged earlier that the publication, which has been hated on merseyside ever since they published hugely damaging lies about the hillsborough disaster in 1989, will no longer be able to send reporters to cover matches at anfield or press conferences at melwood.
the total ban is the result of high-level discussions between liverpool fc officials and the total eclipse of the s*n campaign and kicks in with immediate effect.
the blue union tweeted 'well done to all totaleclipse96 on convincing lfc to ban s*n journalist from their premises. over to you efc '
the campaign gathered pace last year after the hillsborough inquests ruled that the 96 had been unlawfully killed and cleared fans of any blame.
campaign group members have convinced dozens of shops to stop selling the paper and taxis across the city have been branded with 'don't buy the s*n'. liverpool city council and wirral council have also voted to back the bid.
the newspaper's infamous 'the truth' front page in 1989 falsely alleged that liverpool fans stole from the dead and obstructed the emergency services.
over the past 28 years the s*n was never able to have exclusive interviews with liverpool managers or players but until now they were able to cover matches and press conferences.
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blue union spokesman dave kelly said the group believes that the toffees must now present a united front and follow suit.
he said: "it's been indicative all the the way through that everton have been instrumental in supporting the hillsborough families and their justice campaign from day one.
"now the clubs should do what liverpool have done. it's never been about blue or red, it's right or wrong.
"the blue union have been heavily involved with the total eclipse campaign and our banner promoting it has been to numerous grounds across the country and the continent.
"it will be disappointing if liverpool take that action and everton don't.
"it sends a clear message if everton take the same stance. there has always been a united front between the clubs on this and while the families have finally, belatedly, had the truth they are still waiting for full justice."
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kloʊz ˈsinjərz ənd ˈʧændlərz ˈvæli ˈkrɪsʧɪn haɪ skul ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ hæv ə ˈlɪtəl fən wɪθ ðɛr ˈsinjər præŋk baɪ ˈmuvɪŋ kɑz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə skul. ˈsinjərz æt ˈvæli ˈkrɪsʧɪn haɪ skul ɪn ˈʧændlər droʊv 12 tɪ 20 kɑz ˈɪntu ˈhɔlˌweɪz ɛz ə præŋk. ˈstɔri ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ˈsinjərz æt ˈvæli ˈkrɪsʧɪn haɪ skul droʊv kɑz ˈɪntu ˈhɔlˌweɪz ɛz ə præŋk ðeɪ wərkt wɪθ ðə fəˈsɪlɪtiz ˈmænɪʤər tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr noʊ ˈdæmɪʤ əˈkərd ˈstudənts æt ˈvæli ˈkrɪsʧɪn haɪ skul ɪn wɛst ˈʧændlər wər səˈpraɪzd tɪ əraɪv æt skul ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ tɪ si ə bənʧ əv kɑz pɑrkt ɪn ðə ˈhɔlˌweɪ, ˈkɔrˌtjɑrd ənd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈbrizˌweɪ. ɪt wɑz ə præŋk baɪ ə grup əv ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪŋ ˈsinjərz. ðə ˈrɪŋˌlidərz wər ˈtɛrə laʊ, koʊl ˈbrædli ənd ˈæʃli ri, sɛd skul ˈspoʊksmən braɪən ˈwɪnfri. ˈərli ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ðə grup koʊˈɔrdəneɪtɪd wɪθ fəˈsɪlɪtiz ˈmænɪʤər ˈmɑrti smɪθ tɪ ˈoʊpən ðə dɔrz ənd draɪv kɑz ɪn, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr noʊ ˈdæmɪʤ əˈkərd tɪ skul ˈprɑpərti. "ðɛr wər ˈprɑbəˌbli 12 tɪ 20 kɑz," ˈwɪnfri sɛd. "ðɛr wɑz ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ˈviɪkəlz. səm wər ˈnaɪsər ˈviɪkəlz. ju kʊd tɛl ðeɪ wər ˈbɑˌroʊd frəm mɑm ənd dæd, ənd ˈəðərz wər ˈoʊldər, fərst kɑz, ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈstudənt kɑz." ðə præŋk kɔzd ə sɛnˈseɪʃən, ˈprɑmptɪŋ ˈmɛni ˈsɛlfoʊn ˈfoʊˌtoʊz. soʊ ðət ðə skul deɪ wɑz nɑt dɪsˈrəptɪd ðə kɑz wər ˈprɪti məʧ aʊt baɪ ðə taɪm ˈklæsɪz bɪˈgæn. "ðeɪ ʤɪst ˈwɔntɪd tɪ kriˈeɪt ə fən, ˈmɛmərəbəl ɪkˈspɪriəns," ˈwɪnfri sɛd. "ðeɪ dɪd ə gʊd ʤɑb əv biɪŋ kriˈeɪtɪv ənd duɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈmɛmərəbəl waɪl stɪl riˈspɛktɪŋ ðə skul." ˌɔlˈðoʊ ə præŋk baɪ ˈsinjərz ɪz ə trəˈdɪʃən, ɪts ˈjuʒəwəli nɑt ɔn ðɪs skeɪl. ˈwɪnfri rɪˈkɔld ðət hɪz klæs əv 2004 juzd ə ˈfɔrˌklɪft tɪ pʊt taɪərz əp ðə ˈflægˌpoʊl. ðə skul, æt 6900 ˈdəbəlju. ˈgælvəstən, nɪr reɪ roʊd ənd strit, həz ən ɛnˈroʊlmənt əv 315 ɪn greɪdz ˈsinjərz wɪl ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, meɪ 23 ðə præŋk, ˈwɪnfri sɛd, "wɑz ə gʊd ɪgˈzæmpəl əv haʊ tɪ hæv gʊd, klin fən waɪl ʃoʊɪŋ rɪˈspɛkt fər skul ˈprɑpərti ənd ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz. ðɛr gʊd kɪdz." rɛd ər ʃɛr ðɪs ˈstɔri:
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close seniors and chandler's valley christian high school decided to have a little fun with their senior prank by moving cars inside the school.
seniors at valley christian high school in chandler drove 12 to 20 cars into hallways as a prank.
story highlights seniors at valley christian high school drove cars into hallways as a prank
they worked with the facilities manager to ensure no damage occurred
students at valley christian high school in west chandler were surprised to arrive at school monday morning to see a bunch of cars parked in the hallway, courtyard and outside breezeway.
it was a prank by a group of graduating seniors.
the ringleaders were tara lau, cole bradley and ashley ree, said school spokesman bryan winfrey.
early in the morning, the group coordinated with facilities manager marty smith to open the doors and drive cars in, making sure no damage occurred to school property.
"there were probably 12 to 20 cars," winfrey said. "there was a wide range of vehicles. some were nicer vehicles. you could tell they were borrowed from mom and dad, and others were older, first cars, typical student cars."
the prank caused a sensation, prompting many cellphone photos.
so that the school day was not disrupted the cars were pretty much out by the time classes began.
"they just wanted to create a fun, memorable experience," winfrey said. "they did a good job of being creative and doing something memorable while still respecting the school."
although a prank by seniors is a tradition, it's usually not on this scale. winfrey recalled that his class of 2004 used a forklift to put tires up the flagpole.
the school, at 6900 w. galveston, near ray road and 56th street, has an enrollment of 315 in grades 9-12. sixty-two seniors will graduate friday, may 23.
the prank, winfrey said, "was a good example of how to have good, clean fun while showing respect for school property and individuals. … they're good kids."
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i’m* bloʊn əˈweɪ. mɔr bloʊn əˈweɪ ðən ˈbɔrɪs ˈʤɑnsən wɪl bi ˈæftər hɪz ˈhændˌʃeɪk wɪθ ə ˈwɔtər ˈkænən. tɔk əˈbaʊt ðɪs geɪm, haɪp ðɪs geɪm, baɪ ðɪs geɪm. ðɪs ɪz wət ðə geɪm ˈɪndəstri nidz. ðɪs geɪm lʊks tɪ bi ə wɛl ˈbælənst mɪks əv ˈəðər geɪm məˈkænɪks ənd nu ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən. θɪŋk əv ɪt ɛz ə ˈmæʤɪk bin, wi wɔnt tɪ ˈnərʧər ɪt, ˈwɔtər ɪt, lɛt ɪt groʊn ənd wi kən du ðət baɪ θroʊɪŋ ər ˈməni æt ɪt. ˈivɪn ɪf ðiz ˈmæʤɪk binz ˈɛndɪd əp groʊɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ˈmæsɪv grin ˈpinɪs, ɪt wɪl ʃoʊ ðə geɪmz ˈɪndəstri ðət wi wɔnt ˈmæʤɪk ˈfəkɪŋ binz, nɑt ðə seɪm kən əv ˈfəkɪŋ haɪnz bət wɪθ ðə ˈleɪbəl wɑʃt ɔf ənd ə nu wən stək ɔn seɪɪŋ əv haɪnz: ədˈvænst beans”*” bɪˈkəz aɪ wɔnt tɪ ˈoʊpən ɪt əp tɪ si ðə seɪm binz sin fər ðə pæst ˈdɛkeɪd. ðə ˈnɛməsɪs ˈsɪstəm: ˈpʊtɪŋ ðə ˈmæʤɪk, bæk ˈɪntu ðə bin aɪ laɪk ðɪs. ɪts nu, ɪts ˈʃaɪni, ɪts ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən! ɪts ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət bɪn dən ˌbiˈfɔr, æt list nɑt æt ðɪs ˈlɛvəl ənd ɪt həz soʊ məʧ pəˈtɛnʃəl. ˈfərstli ˈhirɪŋ pleɪər wɪl hæv ə juˈnik playthrough”*” sɛnt ə ˈʃɪvər θru maɪ spaɪn, ənd nɑt ə gʊd wən, ðə ˈʃɪvər ðət ju gɪt baɪ ˈhirɪŋ ðə wərdz pregnant”*” ər bæŋk ˈbæləns ɪz ər wɪn ju hir wən dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. waɪ? bɪˈkəz ɪts nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən. ðoʊz wərdz ər ˈjuʒəwəl ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə ˈrændəmli ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ˈnəmbər əv skɪnz, bət ðɪs lʊks ˈdɪfərənt. waɪl ju meɪ hir kɪld ju before”*” kɪld maɪ neɪm], priˈpɛr tɪ die”*” ə ˈdəzən taɪmz, aɪ du bɪˈliv iʧ pleɪ θru wɪl bi juˈnik, ðɛr ər ˈməltəpəl weɪz tɪ gɪt tɪ ðə ɛnd pɔɪnt, ɪˈnəf tɪ meɪk θɪŋz ˈdɪfərənt. ʃʊr aɪ wɪl fək əp ˈplɛnti əv taɪmz ðə fərst pleɪ θru. ˈkəntriz ʃʊd bi rən ðə weɪ ðɪs geɪm ɪz meɪd pɪk aʊt ðə bɛst binz, æd səm ˈmæʤɪk wənz, faɪnd ə ˈdisənt ʃɛf ənd bum, ə ˌriˈsɔˌtoʊ. hu ləv ðə frəm əˈsæsənz krid? hu klin əp ə bɪt əv ɪˈʤækjuˌleɪt ˈæftər pleɪɪŋ ðə ˈkɑmbæt ɪn ˈbætˌmæn arkham*: ər stɪl biɪŋ sɛnt tɪ ˈæftər ðeɪ gɑt ðeɪ dɪk stək ɪn ðə ˈsiˈdi du tɪ ðə ˈoʊpən wərld ənd ˈkɛrɪktərz ɪn ɪt. ðɛr ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ rɔŋ wɪθ ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə gʊd ʃɪt ənd ˈmɪksɪŋ ɪt təˈgɛðər. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈprɑbləmz ɪz, ɪf ðə bɛst binz tərn aʊt tɪ bi not-so-great*, ðə ˈmæʤɪk binz ˈoʊnli ˈproʊdus ˈpinɪs plænts, ər ðə ʃɛf ɪz jɛt əˈgɛn ˌɪnˈtɑksɪˌkeɪtɪd, ðən ðɪs geɪm wɪl bi ə flɑp. bət ɪf ˈmɑnəˌlɪθ hæv ˈmænɪʤd tɪ meɪk ðə ˈdisənt ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən, ðɛn goʊɪŋ tɪ wʊlf daʊn ðɛr kriˈeɪʃən ənˈtɪl soʊ fæt aɪ nid ˈgugəl ərθ fər maɪ ˈpæˌspɔrt ˈfoʊˌtoʊ. ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts
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i’m blown away. more blown away than boris johnson will be after his handshake with a water cannon.
talk about this game, hype this game, buy this game. this is what the game industry needs. this game looks to be a well balanced mix of other game mechanics and new innovation.
think of it as a magic bean, we want to nurture it, water it, let it grown and we can do that by throwing are money at it. even if these magic beans ended up growing into a massive green planty penis, it will show the games industry that we want magic fucking beans, not the same can of fucking heinz but with the label washed off and a new one stuck on saying “call of heinz: advanced beans” because i don’t want to open it up to see the same beans i’ve seen for the past decade.
the nemesis system: putting the magic, back into the bean
nyaaaahh i like this. its new, its shiny, its innovation! its something that hasn’t been done before, at least not at this level and it has so much potential. firstly hearing “every player will have a unique playthrough” sent a shiver through my spine, and not a good one, the shiver that you get by hearing the words “i’m pregnant” or “you’re bank balance is £0” or when you hear one direction. why? because its not going to happen. those words are usual followed by a randomly generated number of skins, but this looks different. while you may hear
“i’ve killed you before”
“you killed my [orc name], prepare to die”
a dozen times, i do believe each play through will be unique, there are multiple ways to get to the end point, enough to make things different. i’m sure i will fuck up plenty of times the first play through.
countries should be run the way this game is made
pick out the best beans, add some magic ones, find a decent chef and boom, a mindblowing risotto. who doesn’t love the parcour from assassins creed? who clean up a bit of ejaculate after playing the combat in batman arkham: asylum?nerds are still being sent to a&e after they got they dick stuck in the skyrim cd due to the open world and characters in it.
there is nothing wrong with taking the good shit and mixing it together. the only problems is, if the best beans turn out to be not-so-great, the magic beans only produce penis plants, or the chef is yet again intoxicated, than this game will be a flop. but if monolith have managed to make the decent combination, then i’m going to wolf down their creation until i’m so fat i need google earth for my passport photo.
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ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ənd ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkæpʧərd əv ə səˈspɛktɪd ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ flaɪɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈhjustən, ˈtɛksəs həz bɪn ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪŋ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. ˈfaɪnəli, ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ə ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ ðət ɪz nɑt ə ˈbædli flaɪɪŋ sɪˈgɑr. ənd nɑt ʤɪst wən ˈɪmɪʤ. ˈhənərdz əv ˈpipəl ˌriˈpɔrtəd siɪŋ ə rɪŋ əv ˈblɪŋkɪŋ laɪts ɪn ðə skaɪ əˈbəv ˈhjustən, ˈtɛksəs, ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈlaɪtnɪŋ stɔrm læst wik ənd ˈplɛnti əv ðɛm hæd ˈkæmərəz. ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs ənd ˈvɪdioʊz əv ðə ɪˈvɛnt hæv bɪn ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪŋ ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə, ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ soʊ məʧ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ðət ðə ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst ˈæˌkʧuəli ræn ə poʊl ɔn ˈtɛksəs ufo”*”. səm əv ðə bɛst ˈfʊtɪʤ wɑz rɪˈkɔrdɪd baɪ ˈhjustən mjuˈzɪʃən ˈændru ˈpɛnə, hu sɪz hi wɑz ðə spɛkˈtækjələr ˈlaɪtnɪŋ ʃoʊ waɪl ˈdraɪvɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ðə ˌɪntərˈsteɪt 45 ˈfriˌweɪ ɪn ðə saʊθ ənd ˈriəˌlaɪz wət hi hæd ənˈtɪl hi pleɪd ɪt bæk æt hoʊm. ðə ˈvɪdioʊ, wɪʧ ʃoʊz ə ˈsərkəl əv ˈbraɪtli ˈkələrd laɪts ˈmuvɪŋ əraʊnd ɪn ðə skaɪ, həz bɪn dɪˈklɛrd boʊθ ““amazing”*” ənd ““nothing”*” baɪ ənd əˈlaɪk. θɪŋk ðə trɪk wɪθ ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊz ɪz ˈfɪgjərɪŋ aʊt wət ɛls ðeɪ kʊd be,”*,” ˈdɑktər. ˈkɛrəlɪn ˈsəmərz, vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt fər əˈstrɑnəmi æt ðə ˈhjustən mˈjuziəm əv ˈnæʧərəl saɪəns, toʊld kprc-tv*. ˈizi tɪ seɪ ðət ɪt kʊd bi ˈeɪliənz. ðə mɔr ˈpipəl hu si ɪt ɪn ˈdɪfərənt dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz, ðə mɔr ˈlaɪkli wi ər tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt wɛr ɪt ɪz, wət ɪt ɪz, ənd si ɪf wi kən ɪkˈspleɪn it.”*.” mˈjuʧuəl ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ ˈnɛtˌwərk ʧif ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtər ˈflɛʧər greɪ dɪsˈmɪst ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt ɛz mɔr ðən laɪt træpt ɪn ðə saɪd window”*” əv ˈmɪstər kɑr. ðə ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ wɑz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈhəvərɪŋ lɛs ðən frəm ðə ˈʤɑnsən speɪs ˈsɛnər, ˈlidɪŋ ˈəðərz tɪ ˈspɛkjəˌleɪt ɪt kʊd hæv bɪn ˈnæsə ˈtɛstɪŋ ɪts ˈleɪtəst tɔɪ, ə flaɪɪŋ saucer”*” wɪʧ wɑz lɔnʧt frəm həˈwaɪˌi ɔn ʤun 28 ðə dɪˈvaɪs, əˈfɪʃəli neɪmd loʊ ˈdɛnsɪti ˌsupərˈsɑnɪk decelerator*, ˈɪməˌteɪts ðə ˈræpɪd ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən tɛkˈnik əv ðə həˈwaɪən ˈpəfər fɪʃ ɛz ə weɪ tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈspeɪˌskræft ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈlændɪŋz. ðə eɪm ɪz tɪ rɪˈdus ðə spid əv dɪˈsɛndɪŋ ˈspeɪˌskræft, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈiziər tɪ lænd ɔn ˈplænəts laɪk mɑrz. ˈəðər ˈθɪriz ˌɪnˈklud ə ˈwɛðər bəˈlun, ðə rɪˈflɛkʃən əv ə strit laɪt, ˈsteɪdiəm laɪts ənd ən ənˈmænd droʊn bət soʊ fɑr ðɛr həz bɪn noʊ əˈfɪʃəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ənd noʊ wərd frəm ˈnæsə.
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photos and video captured of a suspected ufo flying over houston, texas has been circulating the internet.
finally, a picture of a ufo that is not a badly photoshopped flying cigar.
and not just one image. hundreds of people reported seeing a ring of blinking lights in the sky above houston, texas, during a lightning storm last week and plenty of them had cameras.
photographs and videos of the event have been circulating on social media, generating so much interest on social media that the huffington post actually ran a poll on “the texas ufo”.
some of the best footage was recorded by houston musician andrew pena, who says he was videoing the spectacular lightning show while driving along the interstate 45 freeway in the city’s south and realise what he had until he played it back at home.
the video, which shows a circle of brightly coloured lights moving around in the sky, has been declared both “amazing” and “nothing” by ufo-logists and sceptics alike.
“i think the trick with ufos is figuring out what else they could be,” dr. carolyn summers, vice president for astronomy at the houston museum of natural science, told kprc-tv.
“it’s easy to say that it could be aliens. the more people who see it in different directions, the more likely we are to figure out where it is, what it is, and see if we can explain it.”
mutual ufo network chief investigator fletcher gray dismissed the object as “no more than light trapped in the side window” of mr pena’s car.
the ufo was reportedly hovering less than 20km from the johnson space center, leading others to speculate it could have been nasa testing its latest toy, a “supersonic flying saucer” which was launched from hawaii on june 28.
the device, officially named low density supersonic decelerator, imitates the rapid inflation technique of the hawaiian puffer fish as a way to protect spacecraft during landings.
the aim is to reduce the speed of descending spacecraft, making it easier to land on planets like mars.
other theories include a weather balloon, the reflection of a street light, stadium lights and an unmanned drone but so far there has been no official explanation and no word from nasa.
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aɪ fil laɪk ə kɪd ðə deɪ ˈæftər ˈkrɪsməs. ju noʊ haʊ ju traɪ tɪ kənˈvɪns ˈjɔrsɛlf ðət ˈoʊˈkeɪ ðət ˈkrɪsməs ɪz ˈoʊvər, ju stɪl hæv ə wik ɔf frəm skul ənd ɔl jʊr ˈprɛzənts tɪ pleɪ wɪθ, bət stɪl kaɪnd əv bəmd? haʊ aɪ fil ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ. aɪ noʊ ðɛr ər boʊl geɪmz ənd pleɪɔf geɪmz tɪ kəm, bət ʤɪst nɑt ðə seɪm. ˌbiˈfɔr wi muv ɔn tɪ ðə pleɪɔf ənd boʊl geɪmz, ðoʊ, wi ʃʊd ˌrivˈju ðə ˈɔsəm ˈfʊtˌbɔl frəm ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ˈwiˌkɪnd. -ˈæˌkʧuəli, wən əv ðə moʊst ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ geɪmz wɑz stɪl ə ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizən geɪm. ˈbeɪlər, ɔˈrɛdi ˈstɑrtɪŋ ðɛr kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ˈæftər ˈɪnʤəriz tɪ boʊθ sɛθ ˈrəsəl ənd ˈʤɛrət ˈstɪdhəm ɪn ðə læst mənθ ər soʊ, sɔ krɪs ˈʤɑnsən goʊ daʊn wɪθ ə ˈprɑbəˌbli kənˈkəʃən ˈərli ɪn ðə geɪm. ˈɛnər ˈimərʤənsi kˈwɔrtərˌbæk lɪŋks ˈhɔθɔrn, ə ˈʤunjər waɪd rɪˈsivər hu læst pleɪd kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ɪn haɪ skul. ˈhɔθɔrn kəmˈplitɪd 10 əv 22 pæs əˈtɛmpts fər 64 jɑrdz ənd tu ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃənz. ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈʤɑni ˈʤɛfərsən θru wən pæs ɛz wɛl, bət ɪt wɑz ˌɪnkəmˈplit. ə ʃeɪm ðət ˈbeɪlər ˈbeɪsɪkli lɔst aʊt ɔn ə ˈʃʊgər boʊl bɪd bɪˈkəz əv ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðɪs, bət ˈlɔŋˌhɔrn fænz məst bi rɪˈlivd ðət ðə tim əˈvɔɪdɪd ðɛr fərst ˈsizən sɪns 1956 -ˈmuvɪŋ lɪŋks ˈhɔθɔrn tɪ mɛnt ˈlidɪŋ rɪˈsivər ˈkɔri ˈkoʊlmən hæd tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ɪm rɪˈtərnɪŋ pənts. ðət hæd tɪ bi ˈskɛri fər koʊʧ ɑrt braɪlz, bət ˈɑbviəsli wɪn daʊn tɪ ˈhævɪŋ ə waɪd rɪˈsivər æt kˈwɔrtərˌbæk, ju wɔnt tɪ rɪsk goʊɪŋ ˈɛni ˈfərðər daʊn ðə dɛpθ ʧɑrt (ɪf ðɛr ɪz ˈɛnibədi ˈfərðər daʊn ðə dɛpθ ʧɑrt). -ˈkoʊlmən, ə ˈʤunjər, həz əˈnaʊnst bi ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl dræft. kənˌgræʧəˈleɪʃənz tɪ ɪm ɔn ə fænˈtæstɪk ˈkɑlɪʤ kərɪr, -həz ðɛr ˈɛvər bɪn ə ˈwɪrdər, mɔr ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt tim ðən ðɪs ˈtɛksəs skwɑd? ˈsɛvən ˈlɔsɪz, jɛt ðeɪ bit 10 ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ənd 12 ˈbeɪlər, ənd lɔst baɪ ə fild goʊl tɪ ən ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə steɪt tim ðət ˈstɑrtɪd -ˈflɔrɪdə həz ðə ˈtoʊtəl dɪˈfɛns ɪn ðə ˈkəntri, ənd jɛt ˈdɛrɪk ˈhɛnri rəʃt fər 189 jɑrdz ənd ə ɔn ðɛm ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. aɪ wɔʧt ðə fərst θˌrikˈwɔrtərz ər soʊ əv ðət geɪm, ənd ˈæˌkʧuəli rɪˈmɛmbər ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðət ðə ˈgeɪtərz wər ˈhoʊldɪŋ ɪm ɪn ʧɛk ˈbɛtər ðən ə lɔt əv timz hæd ˈmænɪʤd tɪ. -ənˈtɪl ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ, ˌæləˈbæmə əˈlaʊd ə pənt rɪˈtərn fər ə ˈtəʧˌdaʊn sɪns 2008 əbˈsin. -aɪ si wət ðə fəs ɪz əˈbaʊt wɪθ rɪˈgɑrdz tɪ ˈhjustən kˈwɔrtərˌbæk grɛg wɔrd, jr*. ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ɪˈlusɪv ənd ˈeɪbəl tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd pleɪz wɛl, ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ɪm tɪ bɪˈkəm ðə ˈoʊnli pleɪər ðɪs ˈsizən wɪθ æt list 15 ˈpæsɪŋ ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz ənd 15 ˈrəʃɪŋ ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz. hɪz ˈoʊnli flɔ ðət aɪ ˈnoʊtɪst wɑz ə ˈtɛndənsi tɪ θroʊ sˈlaɪtli tu haɪ fər hɪz rɪˈsivərz, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən kru ˈmɛnʃənd ɛz wɛl. -aɪ wɑz lɛs ðən ˌɪmˈprɛst baɪ ˈtækɪŋ. tu ˈmɛni pleɪərz ˈteɪkɪŋ pur ˈæŋgəlz ənd ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈtækəlz ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt. (kju maɪ ˈfɑðər ˈræntɪŋ əˈbaʊt haʊ ɪn hɪz deɪ, pleɪərz nu haʊ tɪ ræp əp ənd brɪŋ ə gaɪ daʊn, nɑt ðɪs kræp ðeɪ du naʊ). -ˈkərtəsi əv ˈmɪʃɪgən state-iowa*, jʊr bɪˈzɑr pleɪ əv ðə wik. -aɪ nu ðət ˈaɪəwə ˈkɔrnərˌbæk ˈdɛzmənd kɪŋ ˈvərsəz spartans’*’ rɪˈsivər ˈɛrən ˈbərbrɪʤ wʊd bi ə ˈbætəl tɪ wɔʧ. ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ noʊ ənˈtɪl aɪ hərd ɪt ɔn ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæst læst naɪt? kɪŋ ənd ˈbərbrɪʤ ər ˈkəzənz. ðɛr ˈfæməli məst hæv hæd ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˌθæŋksˈgɪvɪŋ. -waʊ, ˈhɔˌkaɪ fænz ˈtrævəl wɛl. ðət wɑz ən ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ʃoʊɪŋ ɪn ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs. -aɪ θɪŋk krɪs ˈfaʊlər pʊt ɪt bɛst wɪn hi dɪˈskraɪbd roʊl ɪn əˈfɛns, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ðə rɛd zoʊn: meɪ bi prɪˈdɪktəbəl, bət hɑrd tɪ stop”*”. ˈwɑtsən ɪz ˌənbəˈlivəbli ˈʃɪfti ənd hɑrd tɪ ˈtækəl; hi kən kət ənd ʧeɪnʤ dɪˈrɛkʃɪn kˈwɪkli, ənd dɪˈsɛptɪvli strɔŋ fər ʤɪst 205 paʊndz. -aɪ ləv nɔrθ unis*. ˈpaʊdər blu ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˌəndərˈreɪtɪd ˈkələr fər spɔrts ˈʤərziz. ˈkrɪsʧɪn məˈkæfri rækt əp 432 ˈɔlˈpərpəs jɑrdz læst naɪt- 207 ˈrəʃɪŋ, 105 rɪˈsivɪŋ, ənd 120 ɔn rɪˈtərnz. ənd maɪ ˈhaɪsmən voʊt. -ˈsɪriəsli, ðɪs kɪd ˈɛvər gɪt taɪərd? tɪ lʊk fər ɑr tɔp 25 ˈleɪtər təˈdeɪ, ənd tɪ steɪ tund fər ɑr ˈkəvərɪʤ əv ðə boʊl geɪmz ənd ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl pleɪɔf. θæŋks fər ˈrɛdɪŋ- aɪ hoʊp ju ɔl ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ðə ˈsizən ɛz məʧ ɛz aɪ dɪd! meɪn ˈɪmɪʤ
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i feel like a kid the day after christmas. you know how you try to convince yourself that it’s ok that christmas is over, you still have a week off from school and all your presents to play with, but you’re still kind of bummed? that’s how i feel this morning. i know there are bowl games and playoff games to come, but it’s just not the same. before we move on to the playoff and bowl games, though, we should review the awesome football from championship weekend.
-actually, one of the most interesting games was still a regular season game. baylor, already starting their third-string quarterback after injuries to both seth russell and jarrett stidham in the last month or so, saw chris johnson go down with a probably concussion early in the game. enter emergency quarterback lynx hawthorne, a junior wide receiver who last played quarterback in high school. hawthorne completed 10 of 22 pass attempts for 64 yards and two interceptions. running back johnny jefferson threw one pass as well, but it was incomplete. it’s a shame that baylor basically lost out on a sugar bowl bid because of something like this, but longhorn fans must be relieved that the team avoided their first eight-loss season since 1956.
-moving lynx hawthorne to qb meant leading receiver corey coleman had to replace him returning punts. that had to be scary for coach art briles, but obviously when you’re down to having a wide receiver at quarterback, you don’t want to risk going any further down the depth chart (if there is anybody further down the depth chart).
-coleman, a junior, has announced he’ll be entering the nfl draft. congratulations to him on a fantastic college career,
-has there ever been a weirder, more inconsistent team than this year’s texas squad? seven losses, yet they beat #10 oklahoma and #12 baylor, and lost by a field goal to an oklahoma state team that started 10-0?
-florida has the sixth-best total defense in the country, and yet derrick henry rushed for 189 yards and a td on them yesterday. i watched the first three-quarters or so of that game, and actually remember thinking that the gators were holding him in check better than a lot of teams had managed to.
-until yesterday, alabama hadn’t allowed a punt return for a touchdown since 2008. that’s obscene.
-i see what the fuss is about with regards to houston quarterback greg ward, jr. he’s incredibly elusive and able to extend plays well, enabling him to become the only fbs player this season with at least 15 passing touchdowns and 15 rushing touchdowns. his only flaw that i noticed was a tendency to throw slightly too high for his receivers, something the tv crew mentioned as well.
-i was less than impressed by temple’s tacking. too many players taking poor angles and missing tackles as a result. (cue my father ranting about how in his day, players knew how to wrap up and bring a guy down, not this arm-tackling crap they do now).
-courtesy of michigan state-iowa, here’s your bizarre play of the week.
-i knew that iowa cornerback desmond king versus spartans’ receiver aaron burbridge would be a battle to watch. something i didn’t know until i heard it on the broadcast last night? king and burbridge are cousins. their family must have had an interesting thanksgiving.
-wow, hawkeye fans travel well. that was an impressive showing in indianapolis.
-i think chris fowler put it best when he described deshaun watson’s role in clemson’s offense, particularly in the red zone: “it may be predictable, but it’s hard to stop”. watson is unbelievably shifty and hard to tackle; he can cut and change direction quickly, and he’s deceptively strong for just 6’2″, 205 lbs.
-i love north carolina’s unis. powder blue is a very underrated color for sports jerseys.
-stanford’s christian mccaffrey racked up 432 all-purpose yards last night- 207 rushing, 105 receiving, and 120 on returns. and there’s my heisman vote.
-seriously, doesn’t this kid ever get tired?
remeber to look for our lwos top 25 later today, and to stay tuned for our coverage of the bowl games and the college football playoff. thanks for reading- i hope you all enjoyed the season as much as i did!
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ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈtərkɪʃ ˈmɪnɪstri əv ˈkəlʧər ənd ˈtʊˌrɪzəm ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ˈvɪlɪʤərz ər ðə læst fluənt ˈspikərz əv ðə ˈwɪsəld ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈkəlʧərəl ˈeɪʤənsi həz neɪmd ðə "bərd ˈlæŋgwɪʤ" əv blæk si ˈvɪlɪʤərz ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈtərki ɛz ən ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd pɑrt əv wərld ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ɪn nid əv ˈərʤənt prəˈtɛkʃən. əˈbaʊt ˈpipəl, ˈmoʊstli ɪn ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt əv ˈprɑvɪns, juz ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ə ˈsɪstəm əv ˈwɪslɪŋ tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt əˈkrɔs lɔŋ ˈdɪstənsɪz ɪn ðɛr ˈrəgəd ˈmaʊntən təreɪn, juˈnɛˌskoʊ sɪz ɪn ə nuz riˈlis əˈnaʊnsɪŋ ɪts dɪˈsɪʒən. ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ʤɔɪnz ðə "lɪst əv ˌɪnˈtænʤəbəl ˈkəlʧərəl ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ɪn nid əv ˈərʤənt ˈseɪfˌgɑrdɪŋ" bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˈsoʊʃəl ənd ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ʧeɪnʤ, juˈnɛˌskoʊ sɪz, ˈsɪŋgəlɪŋ aʊt ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ juz əv ˈmoʊbəl foʊnz ɛz ə "ki θrɛt tɪ ɪts sərˈvaɪvəl". ˈtərkiz ˈkəlʧər ˈmɪnɪstər ˈwɛlkəmd ðə muv, hɪz kənˌgræʧəˈleɪʃənz tɪ hɪz "ˈfɛloʊ blæk si koʊst ˈrɛzɪdənts hu hæv kɛpt ðɪs ˈkəlʧər əˈlaɪv". ðə bərd ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ɪz stɪl ˈkɑmənli juzd ɪn ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ əv, wɪʧ ˈtrænsˌleɪts ɛz "bərd ˈvɪlɪʤ", bət 50 jɪrz əˈgoʊ ɪt wɑz ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd əˈkrɔs ðə blæk si ˈriʤənz əv trabzon*, rize*, ordu*, ənd bayburt*. ɪn ðoʊz pɑrts ɪt sərˈvaɪvz ˈoʊnli ɪn ə "fju wərdz ˈspoʊkən baɪ ˈʃɛpərdz", ˈtərkiz ˈdeɪli nuz rɪˈpɔrts. ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈɛfərts tɪ kip ðə ˈpræktɪs əˈlaɪv θru ɪts ˈænjuəl bərd ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈfɛstɪvəl, ənd ðə hɛd əv ðə bərd ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈkəlʧərəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, kocek*, sɛd ˈloʊkəl ˈpipəl hæv ˈwɛlkəmd ðə nuz "wɪθ ʤɔɪ, ɛz ə drim kəm tru", ˈnuzˌpeɪpər rɪˈpɔrts. ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt əˈθɔrətiz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈtiʧɪŋ ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ æt ˈpraɪˌmɛri skul ˈlɛvəl sɪns 2014 rɪˈpɔrts. bət juˈnɛˌskoʊ wɔrnz ðət bərd ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, laɪk ˈdəzənz əv ˈəðər ˈwɪslɪŋ təŋz ɪn ˈmaʊntənəs ənd ˈfɔrəstəd ˈɛriəz əraʊnd ðə wərld, stɪl ˈfeɪsɪz ən ənˈsərtən fˈjuʧər "ənˈlɛs ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈseɪfˌgɑrdɪŋ ˈmɛʒərz ər ˈəndərˌteɪkən, ˈjuzɪŋ ən ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd əˈproʊʧ". nɛkst ˈstɔri: ˈrəʃən oʊld gɪts ˈɑrmi ˈpeɪpərz ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈtərkɪʃ ˈmɪnɪstri əv ˈkəlʧər ənd ˈtʊˌrɪzəm ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈɛfərts tɪ tiʧ ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ tɪ ðə nɛkst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ baɪ ˈmɑrtɪn ˈmɔrgən juz tɪ steɪ wɪθ ɑr rɪˈpɔrts ˈviə tˈwɪtər.
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image copyright turkish ministry of culture and tourism image caption kuskoy villagers are the last fluent speakers of the whistled language
the united nations cultural agency has named the "bird language" of black sea villagers in northern turkey as an endangered part of world heritage in need of urgent protection.
about 10,000 people, mostly in the canakci district of giresun province, use the language - a highly-developed system of whistling - to communicate across long distances in their rugged mountain terrain, unesco says in a news release announcing its decision.
the language joins the "list of intangible cultural heritage in need of urgent safeguarding" because of the impact of social and technological change, unesco says, singling out the increasing use of mobile phones as a "key threat to its survival".
turkey's culture minister numan kurtulmus welcomed the move, tweeting his congratulations to his "fellow black sea coast residents who have kept this culture alive".
the bird language is still commonly used in the village of kuskoy, which translates as "bird village", but 50 years ago it was widespread across the black sea regions of trabzon, rize, ordu, artvin and bayburt.
in those parts it survives only in a "few words spoken by shepherds", turkey's hurriyet daily news reports.
kuskoy is making efforts to keep the practice alive through its annual bird language festival, and the head of the bird language cultural association, seref kocek, said local people have welcomed the news "with joy, as a dream come true", milliyet newspaper reports.
the district authorities also started teaching the language at primary school level since 2014, hurriyet reports.
but unesco warns that kuskoy's bird language, like dozens of other whistling tongues in mountainous and forested areas around the world, still faces an uncertain future "unless essential safeguarding measures are undertaken, using an integrated approach".
next story: russian seven-year old gets army call-up papers
image copyright turkish ministry of culture and tourism image caption kuskoy is making efforts to teach the language to the next generation
reporting by martin morgan
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fju ˈkəntriz ɪn ðə wərld feɪs ɛz ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ə θrɛt frəm ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɛz ðə riˈpəblɪk əv ˈmɔlˌdaɪvz, ə grup əv ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən huz ˈkoʊˌstlaɪn ɪz ɪˈroʊdɪŋ ənd huz ˈwɔtər səˈplaɪz ər naʊ biɪŋ ˈɪnfɪlˌtreɪtɪd baɪ ˌsɔltˈwɑtər frəm ðə si. ənˈjuˌʒuəli haɪ ˈoʊʃən ˈtɛmpərəʧərz ˈdæmɪʤd ðə ˈkɔrəl rifs ɔf ðə ˈmɔlˌdaɪvz' ʃɔrz ðɪs jɪr, ˈsɪgnəlɪŋ ðə stɑrt əv ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈbliʧɪŋ ɪˈvɛnt ðət naʊ spænz frəm ðə pəˈsɪfɪk tɪ ðə ˌkɛrɪˈbiən. ˈmɔlˌdaɪvz ˈprɛzɪdənt moʊˈhɑmɛd həz meɪd ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ˈsɛntrəl tɪ hɪz ˈneɪʃənz dəˈmɛstɪk ənd ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi əˈʤɛndə sɪns biɪŋ ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 2008 hi həz ˈɑrgjud ðət ðə wərld nidz tɪ kət ɪts ˈgrinˌhaʊs gæs ɪˈmɪʃənz ˈdræstɪkli tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈkəntriz səʧ ɛz hɪz. ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˈkoʊpənˌhɑgən əˈkɔrd ˈbroʊkərd ɪn læst jɪrz u.n*. ˈklaɪmɪt tɔks, ðə riˈpəblɪk əv ˈmɔlˌdaɪvz həz plɛʤd tɪ win ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɔf ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ˌɔltəˈgɛðər baɪ 2020 ənd ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈkɑrpəntər, klaɪmd ðə rʊf əv hɪz ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈrɛzɪdəns tɪ pʊt ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈtəʧɪz ɔn ˈsoʊlər ˈpænəlz ðət wɪl prəˈvaɪd hæf ðə paʊər ɪt kənˈsumz ɔn ən ˈænjuəl ˈbeɪsɪs. ˈænsərd kˈwɛsʧənz baɪ foʊn læst wik əˈbaʊt hɪz vjuz ɔn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. kju: tɪ wət ɪkˈstɛnt ɪz jʊr dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ˌɪnˈstɔl ə ˈsoʊlər ˈsɪstəm ɔn jʊr ˈrɛzɪdəns ə sɪmˈbɑlɪk ækt, ər ə ˈsəbstəntɪv ækt? ə: ɪt həz boʊθ dɪˈmɛnʃənz. fər ˈjuˈɛs, ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəs ˈʧælənʤ. ɪts ə ˈprɛzənt ˈʧælənʤ, ɪts nɑt ə ˈʧælənʤ ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. wi nid tɪ ækt naʊ. aɪ noʊ ðə ˈmɔlˌdaɪvz goʊɪŋ ˈkɑrbən ˈnutrəl ɪz nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə wərld. ɪt wɪl seɪv ˈjuˈɛs ə hoʊl lɔt əv ˈfɔrən ˈkərənsi [wɪʧ wi spɛnd baɪɪŋ ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz frəm ˈəðər ˈkəntriz]. wi bɪˈliv ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ faɪnd ə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈstrætəʤi ðət kən bi mæpt ɪn ə weɪ tɪ ˈəðər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz. ɪt ɪz nɑt tu leɪt tɪ mɛnd ɑr weɪz. wət ər ðə weɪz ðə ˈmɔlˌdaɪvz ɪz ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ðə ˈifɛkts əv ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ raɪt naʊ? wi ər ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ˈkoʊstəl ɪˈroʊʒən: raɪt naʊ wi hæv tɪ ˌriˈloʊkeɪt 16 ˈaɪləndz. wi ər ˈfeɪsɪŋ sɔlt ˌɪnˈtruʒən ˈɪntu ðə ˈwɔtər ˈteɪbəl, ənd, ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, wi hæv tɪ ˌɪnˈstɔl ˈvɛri ɪkˈspɛnsɪv diˌseɪlɪˈneɪʃən plænts. [wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈtunə ˈfɪʃɪŋ], wi fɪʃ ˈoʊnli baɪ wən poʊl ənd laɪn. ɪf ðeɪ doʊnt ˈsərfəs, wi doʊnt fɪʃ ðɛm. ˈoʊʃən ˈtɛmpərəʧərz ər ˈwɔrmər, ənd ðeɪ tɛnd tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ˈdipər. ɑr ˈfɪʃərmɪn tɛl mi ðət ðə fɪʃ ər rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ bɪˈloʊ ənd nɑt ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsərfəs. wi ər ˈəndər strɛs ɪn θri ˈdɪfərənt weɪz. ɪn laɪt əv ðə ˈklaɪmɪt bɪlz ˈfeɪljər ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, səm ˈpipəl ər ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət wi nid tɪ muv əˈweɪ frəm ə ˈsɪstəm ðət pʊts ˈmændəˌtɔri ˈlɪmɪts ɔn ˈgrinˌhaʊs gæs ɪˈmɪʃənz ənd ˈfoʊkɪs ɔl əv ɑr ˈɛnərʤi ənd ˈməni ˈɪntu ðə ˈrisərʧ ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv klin ˈɛnərʤi. wət du ju θɪŋk əv ðət ˈɑrgjəmənt? raɪt naʊ ðə [u.n*. ˌɪntərˌgəvərnˈmɛntəl ˈpænəl ɔn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ] ˈfreɪmˌwərk tɔks əˈbaʊt ðə ˈnɛgətɪv aɪˈdiə: ju nid tɪ kət daʊn ɔn θɪŋz, rɪˈdus θɪŋz. ðæts ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ sɛl. aɪ bɪˈliv ɪn ðə gʊd laɪf. ju kən stɪl hæv ðə gʊd laɪf wɪθ riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi. dɪz ðət min ju wʊd bi faɪn wɪθ ðə aɪˈdiə əv nɑt ˈpʊtɪŋ ə praɪs ɔn ˈkɑrbən ər ˈsɛtɪŋ ˈlɪmɪts ɔn ˈgrinˌhaʊs ˈgæsɪz? ju hæv tɪ bi ˈkɔstɪŋ θɪŋz ˈfʊli əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈmɑrkɪt ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz. wət jʊr peɪɪŋ ɪz nɑt ðə kɔst ɪf ju doʊnt tɔk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈklaɪmɪt. əv kɔrs, ðɛr həz tɪ bi ə ˈlɛvəl fild. hir ɪn ðə ˈmɔlˌdaɪvz, ɪts ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ tɪ ˈsoʊlər ˈɛnərʤi. juv bɪn ə ˈvoʊkəl prəˈpoʊnənt əv ə ˈbaɪndɪŋ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈklaɪmɪt əˈgrimənt ðət wʊd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli kət ˈgrinˌhaʊs gæs ɪˈmɪʃənz. ˈgɪvɪn ðə læk əv ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ˈækʃən hir ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, wət du ju θɪŋk nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtərz wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈʧiv ɪn ðə nɛkst raʊnd əv tɔks ˈəndər ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈfreɪmˌwərk kənˈvɛnʃən ɔn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˌkɑŋˈkun ðɪs dɪˈsɛmbər? wɪˈθaʊt ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ɪts kwaɪt ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ hæv ə ˈminɪŋfəl əˈgrimənt. wi hæv ɔn ɑr saɪd ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiənz, ənd ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd, ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈkəntriz [brəˈzɪl, saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ, ˈɪndiə ənd ˈʧaɪnə] ənd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. aɪ du nɑt si məʧ ˈhæpənɪŋ ɪn ˌkɑŋˈkun. wi doʊnt sim ˈeɪbəl tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ɪˈmɪʃənz. lɛts tɔk əˈbaʊt wəts ˈpɑsəbəl [səʧ ɛz ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈfəndɪŋ fər ˌædəpˈteɪʃən ənd ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən əv ˈtrɑpɪkəl ˈfɔrəsts].
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few countries in the world face as immediate a threat from climate change as the republic of maldives, a low-lying group of atolls in the indian ocean whose coastline is eroding and whose water supplies are now being infiltrated by saltwater from the sea. unusually high ocean temperatures damaged the coral reefs off the maldives' shores this year, signaling the start of a global bleaching event that now spans from the pacific to the caribbean.
maldives president mohamed nasheed has made climate change central to his nation's domestic and foreign policy agenda since being elected president in october 2008. he has argued that the world needs to cut its greenhouse gas emissions drastically to protect countries such as his. as part of the copenhagen accord brokered in last year's u.n. climate talks, the republic of maldives has pledged to wean itself off fossil fuels altogether by 2020. and on thursday nasheed, a former carpenter, climbed the roof of his presidential residence to put the final touches on solar panels that will provide half the power it consumes on an annual basis.
nasheed answered questions by phone last week about his views on climate change.
q: to what extent is your decision to install a solar system on your residence a symbolic act, or a substantive act?
a: it has both dimensions. for us, climate change is a very serious challenge. it's a present challenge, it's not a challenge in the future. we need to act now. i know the maldives going carbon neutral is not going to change the world. it will save us a whole lot of foreign currency [which we spend buying fossil fuels from other countries]. . . . we believe it is possible to find a low-carbon development strategy that can be mapped in a way to other developing countries. it is not too late to mend our ways.
what are the ways the maldives is experiencing the effects of global warming right now?
we are experiencing coastal erosion: right now we have to relocate 16 islands. we are facing salt intrusion into the water table, and, as a result, we have to install very expensive desalination plants. . . . [when it comes to tuna fishing], we fish only by one pole and line. if they don't surface, we don't fish them. ocean temperatures are warmer, and they tend to remain deeper. our fishermen tell me that the fish are remaining below and not coming to the surface. we are under stress in three different ways.
in light of the climate bill's failure in the united states, some people are arguing that we need to move away from a cap-and-trade system that puts mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions and focus all of our energy and money into the research and development of clean energy. what do you think of that argument?
right now the [u.n. intergovernmental panel on climate change] framework talks about the negative idea: you need to cut down on things, reduce things. that's difficult to sell. i believe in the good life. you can still have the good life with renewable energy.
does that mean you would be fine with the idea of not putting a price on carbon or setting limits on greenhouse gases?
you have to be costing things fully according to market mechanisms. what you're paying is not the cost if you don't talk about the climate. of course, there has to be a level field. here in the maldives, it's changing to solar energy.
you've been a vocal proponent of a binding international climate agreement that would significantly cut greenhouse gas emissions. given the lack of legislation action here in the united states, what do you think negotiators will be able to achieve in the next round of talks under the united nations framework convention on climate change in cancun this december?
without the united states, it's quite impossible to have a meaningful agreement. we have on our side theropeans, and on the other side, the basic countries [brazil, south africa, india and china] and the united states. i do not see much happening in cancun. . . . we don't seem able to talk about emissions. let's talk about what's possible [such as international funding for adaptation and preservation of tropical forests].
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ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈrɔɪtərz ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ðə ˈpɛrɪs dil kəˈmɪts ðə ˈsɪgnəˌtɔriz tɪ ˈkipɪŋ ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl ˈtɛmpərəʧərz "wɛl bɪˈloʊ" əˈbəv ˈlɛvəlz ðə ˈjuˈɛs həz ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ɪt wɪl liv ðə ˈpɛrɪs ˈklaɪmɪt əˈkɔrd, dɪˈspaɪt rɪˈpɔrts ðət ɪt meɪ bi ˈsɔfənɪŋ ɪts stæns. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈmitɪŋ əv ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈmɪnɪstərz ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ðə ˈklaɪmɪt kəˈmɪʃənər, mɪˈgɛl ˈɑriəz, sɛd trəmp əˈfɪʃəlz hæd ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðə ˈjuˈɛs wʊd ˈiðər steɪ ɪn ðə 2015 əˈkɔrd ər ˌrivˈju ɪts tərmz. bət ðə waɪt haʊs ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðɛr hæd bɪn "noʊ ʧeɪnʤ" ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs pəˈzɪʃən. ɪn ʤun ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp sɛd ðə ˈjuˈɛs wʊd wɪθˈdrɔ frəm ðə dil. hi sɛd ɪt wɑz pɑrt əv hɪz "ˈsɑləm ˈduti tɪ prəˈtɛkt əˈmɛrɪkə" ənd hi wʊd sik ə nu dil ðət wʊd nɑt ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤ ˈjuˈɛs ˈbɪznɪsɪz. bət əˈpoʊnənts seɪ wɪθˈdrɔɪŋ frəm ðə əˈkɔrd ɪz ən ˌæbdɪˈkeɪʃən əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈlidərˌʃɪp ɔn ə ki ˈgloʊbəl ˈʧælənʤ. ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈgrimənt kəˈmɪts ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd 187 ˈəðər ˈkəntriz tɪ ˈkipɪŋ ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl ˈtɛmpərəʧərz "wɛl bɪˈloʊ" əˈbəv ˈlɛvəlz ənd "ɪnˈdɛvər tɪ ˈlɪmət" ðɛm ˈivɪn mɔr, tɪ 1.5c*. ˈoʊnli ˈsɪriə ənd ˌnɪkərˈɑgwə dɪd nɑt saɪn əp tɪ ðə dil. wət dɪd trəmp ərˈɪʤənəli əˈnaʊns ɪn ʤun? ˈspikɪŋ ɪn ðə waɪt haʊs roʊz ˈgɑrdən, hi ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈgrimənt ɛz ə dil ðət eɪmd tɪ ˈhɑbəl, ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤ ənd ˌɪmˈpɑvrɪʃ ðə ˈjuˈɛs. hi kleɪmd ðə əˈgrimənt wʊd kɔst ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪljən ʤɑbz ənd £2.2tn*) ɪn lɔst waɪl ˈraɪvəl ɪˈkɑnəmiz laɪk ˈʧaɪnə ənd ˈɪndiə wər ˈtritɪd mɔr favourably*. ˈmidiə ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪz ənsəˈpɔrtɪd ɔn jʊr dɪˈvaɪs ˈmidiə ˈkæpʃən trəmp: ðə wərld woʊnt læf ˈɛni mɔr æt ˈjuˈɛs "ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ maɪ ˈsɑləm ˈduti tɪ prəˈtɛkt əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ɪts ˈsɪtɪzənz, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɪl wɪθˈdrɔ frəm ðə ˈpɛrɪs ˈklaɪmɪt əˈkɔrd... bət bɪˈgɪn nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz tɪ ˈiðər ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈkɔrd ər ə ˈrɪli ɪnˈtaɪərli nu trænˈzækʃən ɔn tərmz ðət ər fɛr tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts," hi sɛd. ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈvɪzɪt tɪ fræns ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈmɪstər trəmp ˈhɪnɪd ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs kʊd ʃɪft ɪts pəˈzɪʃən ɔn ðə dil bət dɪd nɑt ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt. "ˈsəmθɪŋ kʊd ˈhæpən wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈkɔrd... wɪl si wət ˈhæpənz." wət ɪz naʊ biɪŋ ˌriˈpɔrtəd? ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ðə wɔl strit ˈʤərnəl kˈwoʊtɪd ˈmɪstər ˈɑriəz ɛz seɪɪŋ ðət trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ðə ˈjuˈɛs wʊd nɑt pʊl aʊt əv ðə əˈgrimənt, ənd wər ˈɔfərɪŋ tɪ ɪn ðə dil. ðə sɛd ðə ʃɪft ɪn ðə pəˈzɪʃən keɪm æt ə ˈmitɪŋ əv ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈmɪnɪstərz frəm əˈbaʊt 30 ˈkəntriz æt ə ˈgæðərɪŋ ɪn ˌməntriˈɔl, ˈkænədə. ðət ˈmitɪŋ wɑz əˈtɛndəd baɪ ə ˈjuˈɛs əbˈzərvər. ˈmidiə ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪz ənsəˈpɔrtɪd ɔn jʊr dɪˈvaɪs ˈmidiə ˈkæpʃən mæt məˈgræθ ɪkˈspleɪnz waɪ wi ʃʊd kɛr əˈbaʊt ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈjuˈɛs "ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ðeɪ wɪl nɑt ˌrinɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈkɔrd, bət ðeɪ [wɪl] traɪ tɪ ˌrivˈju ðə tərmz ɔn wɪʧ ðeɪ kʊd bi ɪnˈgeɪʤd ˈəndər ðɪs əˈgrimənt," ˈmɪstər sɛd. hi sɛd ðət "ðɛr wʊd bi ə ˈmitɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈsaɪˌdlaɪnz əv nɛkst wiks ˈjuˈɛn ˈʤɛnərəl əˈsɛmbli wɪθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz "tɪ əˈsɛs wət ɪz ðə ril ˈjuˈɛs pəˈzɪʃən", əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə nuz ˈeɪʤənsi. "ɪts ə ˈmɛsɪʤ wɪʧ ɪz kwaɪt ˈdɪfərənt tɪ ðə wən wi hərd frəm ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp ɪn ðə pæst," ˈmɪstər ˈædɪd. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ˈʧɪliən ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈmɪnɪstər mɑˈrʧɛloʊ ˈminə (ɪn ˈspænɪʃ): "aɪ wɑz ɪn ðə ˈmitɪŋ, ənd ðə [ˈjuˈɛs] nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtər ˈifɛktɪvli dɪd nɑt kloʊz ðə dɔr ɔn kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ɪn ðə əˈgrimənt, ənd ruld aʊt ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə nu əˈgrimənt." bət ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈleɪtər ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, waɪt haʊs ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən ˈsɛrə ˈhəkəbi ˈsændərz sɛd: "ðɛr həz bɪn noʊ ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts' pəˈzɪʃən ɔn ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈgrimənt, "ɛz ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt həz meɪd əˈbəndəntli klɪr, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz wɪθˈdrɔɪŋ ənˈlɛs wi kən ɔn tərmz ðət ər mɔr tɪ ɑr ˈkəntri." haʊ kʊd ðɪs ʧeɪnʤ θɪŋz? ˈblumbərg ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɪz "noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈsikɪŋ tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ frəm ðə pækt ənd ðɛn ˌrinɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt ɪt, bət ˈrəðər wɔnts tɪ wɪθ ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈgrimənt frəm wɪˈθɪn". waɪl ðə waɪt haʊs ˌɪnˈsɪsts ɪts stæns həz nɑt ʧeɪnʤd, ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ nɑt tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ frəm ðə ˈpɛrɪs dil ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ waɪl rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ə ˈsɪgnəˌtɔri wʊd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt about-turn*. ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs taɪmz sɛd steɪɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈpɛrɪs dil wʊd bi "wən əv ðə moʊst ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl" rɪˈvərsəlz əv ðə trəmp ˈprɛzɪdənsi. ɪt wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ rɪsk ˈæŋgərɪŋ ˈmɪstər trəmps mɔr kənˈsərvətɪv səˈpɔrtərz æt ə taɪm hi ɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm fər ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ wɪθ ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈlidərz, ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈmægəˌzin ˈməðər ʤoʊnz roʊt.
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image copyright reuters image caption the paris deal commits the signatories to keeping rising global temperatures "well below" 2c above pre-industrial levels
the us has insisted it will leave the paris climate accord, despite reports that it may be softening its stance.
following a meeting of environment ministers on saturday, the eu climate commissioner, miguel arias canete, said trump officials had indicated the us would either stay in the 2015 accord or review its terms.
but the white house insisted there had been "no change" in the us position.
in june president donald trump said the us would withdraw from the deal.
he said it was part of his "solemn duty to protect america" and he would seek a new deal that would not disadvantage us businesses.
but opponents say withdrawing from the accord is an abdication of us leadership on a key global challenge.
the paris agreement commits the us and 187 other countries to keeping rising global temperatures "well below" 2c above pre-industrial levels and "endeavour to limit" them even more, to 1.5c.
only syria and nicaragua did not sign up to the deal.
what did trump originally announce in june?
speaking in the white house rose garden, he characterised the paris agreement as a deal that aimed to hobble, disadvantage and impoverish the us.
he claimed the agreement would cost the us 6.5 million jobs and $3tn (£2.2tn) in lost gdp - while rival economies like china and india were treated more favourably.
media playback is unsupported on your device media caption trump: the world won't laugh any more at us
"in order to fulfil my solemn duty to protect america and its citizens, the united states will withdraw from the paris climate accord... but begin negotiations to re-enter either the paris accord or a really entirely new transaction on terms that are fair to the united states," he said.
during his visit to france in july, however, mr trump hinted that the us could shift its position on the deal - but did not elaborate.
"something could happen with respect to the paris accord... we'll see what happens."
what is now being reported?
on saturday, the wall street journal quoted mr arias as saying that trump administration officials said the us would not pull out of the agreement, and were offering to re-engage in the deal.
the wsj said the shift in the position came at a meeting of environment ministers from about 30 countries at a gathering in montreal, canada.
that meeting was attended by a us observer.
media playback is unsupported on your device media caption matt mcgrath explains why we should care about climate change
the us "stated that they will not renegotiate the paris accord, but they [will] try to review the terms on which they could be engaged under this agreement," mr canete said.
he said that "there would be a meeting on the sidelines of next week's un general assembly with american representatives "to assess what is the real us position", according to the afp news agency.
"it's a message which is quite different to the one we heard from president trump in the past," mr canete added.
at the same time, chilean environment minister marcelo mena tweeted (in spanish): "i was in the meeting, and the [us] negotiator effectively did not close the door on continuing in the agreement, and ruled out looking for a new agreement."
but in a statement later on saturday, white house spokeswoman sarah huckabee sanders said: "there has been no change in the united states' position on the paris agreement,
"as the president has made abundantly clear, the united states is withdrawing unless we can re-enter on terms that are more favourable to our country."
how could this change things?
bloomberg reported that the us is "no longer seeking to withdraw from the pact and then renegotiate it, but rather wants to re-engage with the paris agreement from within".
while the white house insists its stance has not changed, deciding not to withdraw from the paris deal and instead focus on negotiating while remaining a signatory would represent a significant about-turn.
the los angeles times said staying in the paris deal would be "one of the most controversial" reversals of the trump presidency.
it would also risk angering mr trump's more conservative supporters at a time he is facing criticism for engaging with democratic leaders, the liberal magazine mother jones wrote.
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saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˌsaɪəˈmiz əˈlæskə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈaɪəwə ˌsaɪəˈmiz nəˈvɑdə ˌsaɪəˈmiz saʊθ dəˈkoʊtə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkænzəs ˌsaɪəˈmiz nu ˈhæmʃər ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˌtɛnəˈsi ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈɑrkənˌsɑ ˌsaɪəˈmiz kənˈtəki ˌsaɪəˈmiz nu ˈʤərzi ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈtɛksəs ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˌsaɪəˈmiz luˌiziˈænə ˌsaɪəˈmiz nu ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈjuˌtɔ ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ ˌsaɪəˈmiz meɪn ˌsaɪəˈmiz nu jɔrk ˌsaɪəˈmiz vərˈmɑnt ˌsaɪəˈmiz kəˈnɛtəkət ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈmɛrələnd ˌsaɪəˈmiz nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˌsaɪəˈmiz vərˈʤɪnjə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈdɛləˌwɛr ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˌmæsəˈʧusəts ˌsaɪəˈmiz nɔrθ dəˈkoʊtə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈflɔrɪdə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈmɪʃɪgən ˌsaɪəˈmiz oʊˈhaɪoʊ ˌsaɪəˈmiz wɛst vərˈʤɪnjə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈʤɔrʤə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˌsaɪəˈmiz wɪˈskɑnsən ˌsaɪəˈmiz həˈwaɪˌi ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈɔrəˌgɑn ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˌwaɪˈoʊmɪŋ ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈaɪdəˌhoʊ ˌsaɪəˈmiz məˈzʊri ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˌɪləˈnɔɪz ˌsaɪəˈmiz mɑnˈtænə ˌsaɪəˈmiz roʊd ˈaɪlənd ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˌæləˈbæmə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˌɪndiˈænə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn nəˈbræskə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn əˈlæskə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˈaɪəwə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn nəˈvɑdə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn saʊθ dəˈkoʊtə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˈkænzəs ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn nu ˈhæmʃər ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˌtɛnəˈsi ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˈɑrkənˌsɑ ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn kənˈtəki ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn nu ˈʤərzi ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˈtɛksəs ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn luˌiziˈænə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn nu ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˈjuˌtɔ ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn meɪn ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn nu jɔrk ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn vərˈmɑnt ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn kəˈnɛtəkət ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˈmɛrələnd ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn vərˈʤɪnjə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˈdɛləˌwɛr ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˌmæsəˈʧusəts ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn nɔrθ dəˈkoʊtə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˈflɔrɪdə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˈmɪʃɪgən ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn oʊˈhaɪoʊ ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn wɛst vərˈʤɪnjə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˈʤɔrʤə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn wɪˈskɑnsən ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn həˈwaɪˌi ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˈɔrəˌgɑn ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˌwaɪˈoʊmɪŋ ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˈaɪdəˌhoʊ ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn məˈzʊri ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn ˌɪləˈnɔɪz ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn mɑnˈtænə ˌsaɪəˈmiz ˈkɪtənz fər seɪl ɪn roʊd ˈaɪlənd wi ˈwɛlkəm ju tɪ ˈʃʊgərz cattery*....... ɪt ɪz ə greɪt ˈplɛʒər tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus ɑr fər ˈbeɪbiz ənd ˌɪntrəˈdus ɑrˈsɛlvz. wi hæv ə ˈnɛgətɪv cattery*, wi praɪd ˌgɛrənˈtid ˈhɛlθi wɪθ lɑts əv həgz ənd ˈkɪsɪz ˈɛvriˈdeɪ frəm ðə ˈmoʊmənt ðeɪ ər bɔrn, wi ləv ðɛm soʊ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr ðeɪ ər swit laɪk ˈʃʊgər.... wi ər ˈtɪfəni ʃɔn ˈrɑʤərz, ɪf ju ər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə ˌsaɪəˈmiz, ənd ˌbælɪˈniz ər lɪŋks pɔɪnt ˈkɪtənz ðət həz ə swit ˌpərsəˈnælɪti ju hæv keɪm tɪ ðə raɪt pleɪs. wi lɪv ɪn ə smɔl taʊn kɔld gwɪn ˈmɪʃɪgən wɪʧ ɪz əˈbaʊt tˈwɛnti ˈmɪnəts frəm leɪk suˈpɪriər ɪn ˈwəndərfəl gɑdz ˈkəntri. ɑr goʊl ɪz tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ reɪz ʤəˈnɛtɪkli saʊnd, ˈhɛlθi ˈkɪtənz wɪθ ˈbjutəfəl taɪp ənd swit ˌpərsəˈnælɪtiz. iʧ ənd ˈɛvəri ˈkɪtən ɪz reɪzd ɪn ɑr hoʊm ənd ˈgɪvɪn ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl əˈtɛnʃən ənd ləv wɪʧ hɛlps bɪld ðɛr oʊn ˈspɛʃəl ˌpərsəˈnælɪtiz. æt taɪmz, wi wɪl hæv pɛt kˈwɑləti ˈoʊldər ˈædəlts ðət wi wɪl sɛl tɪ ˈləvɪŋ, hoʊmz. wi ləv ɑr kæts ənd ðɛr ˈbeɪbiz wɪθ ɔl ɑr hɑrt ənd soʊl, ðeɪ ər ɑr ˈmɛmbərz əv ɑr ˈfæməli fərst ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ ər ˈbridərz, ˈnɛvər ðə ˈəðər weɪ əraʊnd. ðət ɪz waɪ wi wɔnt ju tɪ pliz bi əˈwɛr ðət ɑr səˈlɛkʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz kwaɪt strɪkt, ɛz wi ər ˈvɛri kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðə ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ əv iʧ ənd ˈɛvəri pɛt wi pleɪs. wi ʤɪst wɔnt tɪ noʊ əˈbaʊt wət kaɪnd əv hoʊmz ɑr ˈbeɪbiz ər goʊɪŋ tu, soʊ ðət ɪz waɪ wi æsk ə lɔt əv kˈwɛsʧənz tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ɪt ɪz ə ˈpərˌfɪkt fɪt, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfiˌlaɪn ˈvaɪrəl tɛst) ər rən ɔn ɔl ɑr kæts tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ɑr ˈbeɪbiz ər dɪˈziz fri, wi ˈɔlsoʊ tɛst iʧ ˈlɪtər əv ˈkɪtənz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə hɛlθ əv ɑr ˈbeɪbiz. ɑr kæts ər ˈnɛgətɪv fər felv*, ənd fiv*. ɔl ɑr ˈkɪtənz kəm wɪθ ə ˈrɪtən tu jɪr hɛlθ ˌgɛrənˈti əˈgɛnst ɔl ʤəˈnɛtɪk ˈdifɛkts, əp tɪ deɪt ɔn ðɛr ˌvækˈsinz, ənd vɛt ʧɛkt. ˈɔlsoʊ sɪns wi ləv ɑr ˈbeɪbiz soʊ məʧ, ɔl ɑr ˈkɪtənz kəm wɪθ səˈpɔrt ɔn ɑr ˈbeɪbiz. ɪf ju ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈhævɪŋ ə kæt ər ˈkɪtən pleɪst ɪn jʊr hoʊm, pliz ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈjuˈɛs. wi lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˈhirɪŋ frəm ju, fil fri tɪ kɔl ˈjuˈɛs æt wi ər ˈhæpi tɪ teɪk ˈtɛləˌfoʊn kɔlz ˈɛniˌtaɪm ər ju kən iˈmeɪl ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛniˌtaɪm æt siameseluv7075@yahoo.com*. θæŋk ju fər ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ənd gɑd blɛs. "aɪ noʊ ɔl ðə θɪŋz ju du, ənd aɪ hæv ˈoʊpənd ə dɔr fər ju ðət noʊ wən kən kloʊz" (ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən nlt*) kəˈmɪt tɪ ðə lɔrd ˌwəˈtɛvər ju du ənd jʊr plænz wɪl səkˈsid. ˈprɑvərbz
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we welcome you to sugars cattery....... it is a great pleasure to introduce our fur babies and introduce ourselves. we
have a fiv/leuk negative cattery, we pride guaranteed healthy with lots of hugs and kisses everyday from the
moment they are born, we love them so making sure they are sweet like sugar....
we are tiffany & sean rogers, if you are looking for a siamese, and balinese or lynx point kittens that has a sweet
personality you have came to the right place. we live in a small town called gwinn michigan which is about twenty
minutes from lake superior in wonderful god's country.
our goal is to continue to raise genetically sound, healthy kittens with beautiful type and sweet personalities. each and
every kitten is raised in our home and given individual attention and love which helps build their own special
personalities. at times, we will have pet quality and/or older adults that we will sell to loving, cage-less homes. we love
our cats and their babies with all our heart and soul, they are our members of our family first before they are breeders,
never the other way around. that is why we want you to please be aware that our selection process is quite strict, as we
are very concerned about the well-being of each and every pet we place. we just want to know about what kind of
homes our babies are going too, so that is why we ask a lot of questions to make sure it is a perfect fit, also feline viral
paneled(blood test) are run on all our cats to ensure that our babies are disease free, we also test each litter of kittens to
ensure the health of our babies. our cats are negative for felv, and fiv.
all our kittens come with a written two year health guarantee against all genetic defects, up to date on their vaccines,
and vet checked. also since we love our babies so much, all our kittens come with after-adoption support on our babies.
if you are interested in having a cat or kitten placed in your home, please contact us. we look forward to hearing from
you, feel free to call us at 906-346-2015, we are happy to take telephone calls anytime or you can email us anytime at
siameseluv7075@yahoo.com.
thank you for visiting us and god bless.
"i know all the things you do, and i have opened a door for you that no one can close" (revelation 3:8, nlt)
commit to the lord whatever you do and your plans will succeed. proverbs 16:13
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edmonton’s* ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈmɑrkɪt hɛld ˈstɛdi ɪn ˈɔgəst dɪˈspaɪt ə kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk sˈloʊˌdaʊn ɪn ælˈbərtə. ˈnəmbərz riˈlist ˈfraɪˌdeɪ baɪ ðə ˈriəltərz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˈɛdməntən ʃoʊ ˈmɑdəst dɪˈklaɪnz ɪn hoʊm ˈpraɪsɪz ənd seɪlz fər ðə mənθ, ˈtɪpɪkəli wən əv ðə ˈbɪziəst ˈpɪriədz əv ðə jɪr fər ril ɛˈsteɪt ækˈtɪvɪti. ə hoʊm ɪn ðə ˈɛdməntən ˈsɛnsəs ˌmɛtrəˈpɑlətən ˈɛriə soʊld ɔn ˈævərɪʤ fər ɪn ˈɔgəst, fər ə drɔp frəm ə jɪr əˈgoʊ. ˌkɑndəˈmɪniəmz ˈpoʊstɪd ə ˈdiˌkris ɪn ˈævərɪʤ ˈsɛlɪŋ praɪs tɪ frəm ˈɔgəst 2015 ðə ˈævərɪʤ haʊs soʊld fər daʊn tu pər sɛnt. ɪˈkɑnəmi həz bɪn ˈəndər ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˈprɛʃər fər səm taɪm, bət ðə ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈmɑrkɪt ɪn ðə ˈɛdməntən ˈsɛnsəs ˌmɛtrəˈpɑlətən ˈɛriə kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ hold,”*,” stiv ˈsɛʤwɪk, ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ˈriəltərz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˈɛdməntən, sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. ənd ˈjunɪt seɪlz fər ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl hoʊmz ər kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ læst jɪr, daʊn lɛs ðən wən pər sɛnt ənd tu pər sɛnt respectively.”*.” ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl seɪlz ˈtoʊtəld ɪn ˈɔgəst, daʊn pər sɛnt frəm ə jɪr əˈgoʊ. ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈlɪstɪŋz ɪn ðə mənθ drɑpt pər sɛnt tɪ ðɪs ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst ˈæktɪv taɪmz əv ðə jɪr, wi ər siɪŋ boʊθ ˈlɪstɪŋz ənd seɪlz ˈteɪpərɪŋ ɔf ɛz wi muv ˈɪntu ðə fɔl months,”*,” ˈsɛʤwɪk sɛd. ˈkɑndoʊ seɪlz hæv ˈfɑlən ɔf ðə moʊst bət ˈpraɪsɪz hæv rɪˈmeɪnd ˈsteɪbəl. ɪz θæŋks ɪn pɑrt tɪ ðə kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ trɛnd əv ˈjunɪt seɪlz əv ˈoʊvər ðət ər ˈkipɪŋ ðə ˈævərɪʤ seɪlz praɪs əv ˈkɑndoʊz ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd baɪ ˈɔlˌmoʊst θri pər cent,”*,” hi sɛd. ðə ˈnəmbər əv deɪz ðə ˈævərɪʤ hoʊm tʊk tɪ sɛl ɪn ˈɔgəst wɑz 55 ðə seɪm ɛz ə jɪr əˈgoʊ. ə ˈlɪŋgərɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk sləmp həz ˈɔlsoʊ nɑt dɪˈtərd frəm ˈspɛndɪŋ ɔn hoʊm ˈprɑʤɛkts, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ nu stəˈtɪstɪks ˈkænədə ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈdætə. ˌrɛnəˈveɪʃən ˈspɛndɪŋ ɪn ælˈbərtə ɪn ˈeɪprəl, meɪ ənd ʤun ˈtoʊtəld ˈbɪljən, ə ˌɪnˈkris ˈoʊvər ðə seɪm ˈpɪriəd ɪn 2015 ɪn ðə fərst sɪks mənθs əv 2016 spɛnt ˈbɪljən ɔn hoʊm ˈrɛnəˌveɪʃənz, əp pər sɛnt ˈoʊvər ðə fərst sɪks mənθs əv 2015 ˈfɪgjərz ʃoʊ kənˈtɪnju tɪ si ˈspɛndɪŋ ɔn hoʊm ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɛz ə gʊd investment,”*,” sɛd ˈrɪʧərd goatcher*, ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈænəlɪst wɪθ ðə kəˈneɪdiən hoʊm builders’*’ əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ælˈbərtə. ðə ˈəpwərd trɛnd ɔn ˈspɛndɪŋ ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ kənˈtɪnju ɪn 2017 wɪn ˈhoʊˌmoʊnərz wɪl bi ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn ˈəpˌgreɪdz ɛz ðə prəˈvɪnʃəl nu ˈkɑrbən ˈtæksɪz ənd ˈriˌbeɪts fər səm teɪk ˈifɛkt. ðɛr wɪl bi ə tæks ɔn ˈkɑrbən əv 20 pər tən əv ˈkɑrbən daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd ɪˈmɪʃənz ɪn 2017 goʊɪŋ əp tɪ 30 pər tən ɪn 2018
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edmonton’s real estate market held steady in august despite a continuing economic slowdown in alberta.
numbers released friday by the realtors association of edmonton show modest year-over-year declines in home prices and sales for the month, typically one of the busiest periods of the year for real estate activity.
a single-family home in the edmonton census metropolitan area sold on average for $434,362 in august, for a 0.8-per-cent drop from a year ago.
condominiums posted a 1.12-per-cent decrease in average selling price to $251,526 from august 2015. the average duplex/row house sold for $344,377, down two per cent year-over-year.
“alberta’s economy has been under enormous pressure for some time, but the residential real estate market in the edmonton census metropolitan area continues to hold,” steve sedgwick, chairman of the realtors association of edmonton, said in a statement.
“prices and unit sales for residential homes are consistent with last year, down less than one per cent and two per cent respectively.”
reported residential sales totalled 1,433 in august, down 2.18 per cent from a year ago. the number of residential listings in the month dropped 6.25 per cent to 2,747.
“while this is one of the most active times of the year, we are seeing both listings and sales tapering off as we move into the fall months,” sedgwick said.
condo sales have fallen off the most but prices have remained stable. “this is thanks in part to the continuing trend of unit sales of over $750,000 that are keeping the average sales price of condos elevated by almost three per cent,” he said.
the number of days the average home took to sell in august was 55, the same as a year ago.
a lingering economic slump has also not deterred albertans from spending on home fix-up projects, according to new statistics canada residential investment data.
renovation spending in alberta in april, may and june totalled 1.56 billion, a 4.7-per-cent increase over the same period in 2015.
in the first six months of 2016, albertans spent $3.1 billion on home renovations, up 3.8 per cent over the first six months of 2015.
“the figures show albertans continue to see spending on home improvements as a good investment,” said richard goatcher, an economic analyst with the canadian home builders’ association – alberta.
the upward trend on home-renovation spending is likely to continue in 2017 when homeowners will be motivated to invest in energy-efficiency upgrades as the provincial government’s new carbon taxes and rebates for some albertans take effect. there will be a tax on carbon of $20 per tonne of carbon dioxide emissions in 2017, going up to $30 per tonne in 2018.
bmah@postmedia.com
twitter.com/mahspace
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ə fju jɪrz əˈgoʊ, aɪ bɪˈlɔŋd tɪ ən ˌɪnˈfɔrməl grup əv ˈfriˌlæns ˈraɪtərz ənd ˈɛdɪtərz hu wʊd əˈsɛmbəl ˈrɛgjələrli tɪ drɪŋk ənd tɔk ʃɑp. wən ˈivnɪŋ, ˈsəmˌwən ɪn ɑr ˈroʊˌteɪtɪŋ kæst brɔt əˈlɔŋ ə nu ˈmɛmbər, hu bɪˈgæn rɪˈgeɪlɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ teɪlz əv hər ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl traɪəmfs ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl səkˈsɛs. əˈpɛrəntli ʃi ˈnɛvər gɑt ðə ˈmɛˌmoʊ ðət ɑr ˈgæðərɪŋz wər ˈaʊˌtlɛts fər kəmˈpleɪnt ənd commiseration*. ɛz ðə ˈivnɪŋ wɔr ɔn, ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs əˈdɑptəd ə ˈlɑʤɪkəl, ɪf ˌɪməˈtjʊr, kɔrs əv ˈækʃən: wi ɔl priˈtɛndɪd tɪ goʊ hoʊm ənd ðɛn rikənˈvind æt əˈnəðər bɑr wɪˈθaʊt hər. ɪn ðə ˈpɑrləns əv ɑr taɪmz, ju maɪt seɪ ðət wi kəˈlɛktɪvli hər. ɪf ðɪs ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd hæd ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈteɪkən pleɪs ɪn ˈtudeɪz wərld əv ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈwʊdənt hæv ˈbætɪd ən aɪ. ðə ˈsɛlˈfægrənˌdaɪzmənt ðət əˈfɛndɪd ðə grup ɪz ˈstændərd fɛr ɪn maɪ tˈwɪtər fid maɪ oʊn poʊsts tu ˈɔfən ˌɪnˈkludɪd. (btw*, aɪl bi əˈpɪrɪŋ ɔn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ðɪs wik.) bət fɑr frəm ˈklɪrɪŋ aʊt ðə ˈvərʧuəl bɑr, ɪkˈsprɛʃənz əv ˈvænɪti ˈɔnˌlaɪn ər ˈjuʒəwəli rɪˈwɔrdɪd wɪθ ə kæˈskeɪd əv back-patting*: ə ˈvərʧuəl thumbs-up*, ə ˈhɑrti "kənˈgræts!," ə "proud-to-know-you*" retweet*. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ saɪts hæv ˌɪnˈvərtɪd ðə rulz əv ˈpraɪvəsi ənd ˈɛtəkət, ənd noʊ ˈkəlʧərəl nɔrm ɪz tɔst əˈsaɪd mɔr ˈɔfən ɔn ðə wɛb ðən pleɪn oʊld ˈmɑdəsti. ðɪs ˈreɪzɪz ən ˌɛgˌzɪˈstɛnʃəl kˈwɛʃən: wɪn ju ˈsɛləˌbreɪt ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈɔnˌlaɪn, ər ju ə ˈwɪlɪŋ pɑrˈtɪsəpənt ɪn ə breɪv nu ˈsoʊʃəl fˈjuʧər, ər ər ju ʤɪst biɪŋ ən æs? doʊnt ˈpænɪk; ɪts ðə ˈfɔrmər ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ju straɪk ə ˈbæləns. fər ʃʊr, ˈpoʊstɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ɪz ən ækt əv ˈiðər ˌɪnˈhɛrənt ər ɪgˈzɪstəns ˌæfərˈmeɪʃən, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn jʊr ˈaʊˌtlʊk: "əm əˈlaɪv! əm duɪŋ (ər dɪˈskəvərɪŋ) θɪŋz! ˈpipəl aʊt ðɛr ʃʊd gɪv ə dæm!" ˈbrægɪŋ ɪz ˈpræktɪkəli ˈkoʊdɪd ˈɪntu ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiəz ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ, ənd ðɛrz ˈnəθɪŋ ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli rɔŋ wɪθ ðət. wi ʃoʊ ɔf baɪ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðə əv ɑr kəmˈpænjənz, ðə səˈlɪdəti əv ɑr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps, ðə əv ɑr milz. wət ər ən ˈɛkˌsɛs əv ˈfeɪsˌbʊk frɛndz ənd kəˈnɛkʃənz fər ɪf nɑt name-dropping*? "lʊk haʊ ˈmɛni ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ ˈpipəl ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ kəˈnɛkt wɪθ mi." ən ɪnˈtaɪər əv ˈstætəs taɪps həz ɪˈvɑlvd fər ˈʃɛrɪŋ səm bɪt əv gʊd ˈfɔrʧən. ðɛrz wən fər ˈɛvəri ˈɔnˌlaɪn pərˈsoʊnə. ðə ˈstreɪtˈfɔrwərd ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən: "wut!! aɪv bɪn neɪmd tɪ ˈbɪgtaɪm ˈmægəˌzinz 100 moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl!" ðə aɪˈrɑnɪk freɪm: "ˈʃeɪmləs self-promotion*: aɪ wɑz ʤɪst neɪmd wən əv 100 moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈpipəl." ər ðə ˈsɔftər sɛl, ðə əˈproʊʧ: "aɪ æm ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ bi ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðɪs jɪrz 100 moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈpipəl." ər ðə əˈproʊʧ: "əm ˈʧəklɪŋ əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈbɪgtaɪm ˈmægəˌzin, əm ə tɔp 100 moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈpərsən." pərˈhæps ˈɑdəst əv ɔl, kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ɪts ˈriˌllaɪf ˈpɛrəˌlɛl, ɪz ðə retweet-without-comment*: "rt*: ˈɛvən ˈrætlɪf neɪmd ɪn ˈbɪgtaɪm ˈmægəˌzin 100 moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈpipəl." əˈvɔɪd ðɪs wən. ˌɪˈmæʤən ˈjuzɪŋ ə ləl ɪn ˈdɪnər ˈpɑrti ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən tɪ əˈnaʊns ðət "ə mæn ɪn ˈtɛksəs, hum nən əv ju noʊ, ˈrisəntli toʊld hɪz frɛndz aɪ wɑz neɪmd tɪ ðə ˈbɪgtaɪm 100 ˈsæləd, ˈɛniˌwən?" θraɪvz ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd tˈwɪtər bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ɪˈneɪbəl wət ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪəntɪsts kɔl ðə ˈjumən ˈtɛndənsi tɪ ˈoʊvərˌsɛl ɑrˈsɛlvz. bət ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnərʧər ə sɛns əv mˈjuʧuəl ˌædmərˈeɪʃən ðət ðə ˈɔˌflaɪn wərld ˈɔfən dɪz nɑt. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ tɛndz tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈspaɪrəlz əv rɪˈsɪprəkəl ˈkaɪndnəs. ju laɪk maɪ kæt ˈpɪkʧərz, soʊ aɪ ˈsɛləˌbreɪt jʊr ʤɑb pərˈmoʊʃən. ðə ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz tɛnd tɪ bi stækt əˈgɛnst ˌnɛgəˈtɪvəti, ənd ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz ˌɪmˈplɪsətli dɪˈskərɪʤ ɪt. ɪn ðə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk wərld, wi kən laɪk ər haɪd θɪŋz, bət ðɛrz noʊ dɪsˈlaɪk ˈbətən ˈivɪn wɪn ju nid wən. ɪn fækt, ʤeɪmz ˈfaʊlər, ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈsaɪəntɪst æt sæn diˈeɪgoʊ hu ˈstədiz ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərks boʊθ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ənd ɔf, həz ʃoʊn ðət ˈpɑzətɪv ˈnɛtˌwərks bɪlt ɔn kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən ənd ˈæltruˌɪzəm tɛnd tɪ θraɪv, waɪl ˈnɛgətɪv wənz tɛnd tɪ dɪˈzɑlv. "əˈpɛrəntli, ˌɛvəˈluʃən ˈfeɪvərz bɪˈheɪvjərz ðət kɔz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ dɪskəˈnɛkt frəm min ˈpipəl," hi sɪz. ənd waɪ nɑt? ɪn ə ˈmɑdərn wərld ðət ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ ˈrizənz tɪ fil bæd əˈbaʊt ɑrˈsɛlvz, ˈmeɪbi ðɛrz rum fər ə ˈlɪtəl ˈɛkstrə ˈpəblɪk ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən wɪn θɪŋz goʊ wɛl. ˈɔnˌlaɪn, wɪr seɪf tɪ noʊt ɑr əˈʧivmənts, ɑr ləvz, ɑr ˈtaɪni ˈdeɪli traɪəmfs ɪn ə bɪd fər ə ˈlɪtəl ˈpɑzətɪv ˈfidˌbæk. soʊ goʊ əˈhɛd ənd, ɛz ðə ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ˈguˌruz seɪ, tɛnd ðə brænd əv ju. ʤɪst doʊnt bi me-first*. roʊl ɛz ˈmɛni lɔgz tɪ ˈəðərz ɛz ju du bæk tɪ ˈjɔrsɛlf. prəˈmoʊt ðoʊz dɪˈzərvɪŋ frɛndz tu ˈhəmbəl tɪ prəˈmoʊt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd jul bi ˈtɛndɪŋ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm. bət ɪf jʊr ˌɪnˈklaɪnd tɪ tərn jʊr fid ˈɪntu ə ˈvərʧuəl ˈtroʊfi keɪs, rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ˈfɑloʊərz ˈɑrənt ðə seɪm ɛz ˈlɪsənərz. ju kʊd bi wən əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˌɪgˈnɔr lɪst. ðət ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ grup kʊd ˈsaɪləntli bi ˈɑptɪŋ aʊt əv brænd ju ənd fər ə wɔld ˈgɑrdən ɔn nɪŋ. jʊd ˈnɛvər ˈivɪn noʊ. kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ ˈɛdɪtər ˈɛvən ˈrætlɪf (evan@atavist.net*) roʊt əˈbaʊt ˌdɪsəˈpɪrɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl eɪʤ ɪn ˈɪʃu
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a few years ago, i belonged to an informal group of freelance writers and editors who would assemble regularly to drink and talk shop. one evening, someone in our rotating cast brought along a new member, who began regaling us with tales of her editorial triumphs and financial success. apparently she never got the memo that our gatherings were outlets for complaint and commiseration. as the evening wore on, the rest of us adopted a logical, if immature, course of action: we all pretended to go home and then reconvened at another bar without her. in the parlance of our times, you might say that we collectively unfollowed her.
if this episode had actually taken place in today's world of online social networking, however, we probably wouldn't have batted an eye. the self-aggrandizement that offended the group is standard fare in my twitter feed — my own posts too often included. (btw, i'll be appearing on tv this week.) but far from clearing out the virtual bar, expressions of vanity online are usually rewarded with a cascade of back-patting: a virtual thumbs-up, a hearty "congrats!," a "proud-to-know-you" retweet. social networking sites have inverted the rules of privacy and etiquette, and no cultural norm is tossed aside more often on the web than plain old modesty. this raises an existential question: when you celebrate yourself online, are you a willing participant in a brave new social future, or are you just being an ass? don't panic; it's the former — as long as you strike a balance.
for sure, posting anything online is an act of either inherent immodesty or existence affirmation, depending on your outlook: "i'm alive! i'm doing (or discovering) things! people out there should give a damn!" bragging is practically coded into social media's dna, and there's nothing necessarily wrong with that. we show off by noting the interestingness of our companions, the solidity of our relationships, the fabulousness of our meals. what are an excess of facebook friends and linkedin connections for if not low-intensity name-dropping? "look how many fascinating people are willing to connect with me."
an entire taxonomy of status types has evolved for sharing some bit of good fortune. there's one for every online persona. the straightforward celebration: "w00t!! i've been named to bigtime magazine's 100 most influential!" the ironic frame: "shameless self-promotion: i was just named one of bigtime's 100 most influential people." or the softer sell, the just-lucky-to-be-here approach: "i am grateful to be included in this year's 100 most influential people." or the mock-surprise approach: "i'm chuckling — according to bigtime magazine, i'm a top 100 most influential person."
perhaps oddest of all, considering its real-life parallel, is the retweet-without-comment: "rt: @longhornfan43: evan ratliff named in bigtime magazine 100 most influential people." avoid this one. imagine using a lull in dinner party conversation to announce that "a man in texas, whom none of you know, recently told his friends i was named to the bigtime 100. salad, anyone?"
immodesty thrives on facebook and twitter because they enable what social scientists call self-enhancement — the human tendency to oversell ourselves. but they also nurture a sense of mutual admiration that the offline world often does not. social networking tends to create self-reinforcing spirals of reciprocal kindness. you like my cat pictures, so i celebrate your job promotion. the incentives tend to be stacked against negativity, and in some cases implicitly discourage it. in the facebook world, we can like or hide things, but there's no dislike button — even when you need one.
in fact, james fowler, a political scientist at uc san diego who studies social networks both online and off, has shown that positive networks built on cooperation and altruism tend to thrive, while negative ones tend to dissolve. "apparently, evolution favors behaviors that cause us to disconnect from mean people," he says.
and why not? in a modern world that bombards us with reasons to feel bad about ourselves, maybe there's room for a little extra public celebration when things go well. online, we're safe to note our achievements, our loves, our tiny daily triumphs in a bid for a little positive feedback. so go ahead and, as the marketing gurus say, tend the brand of you. just don't be me-first. roll as many logs to others as you do back to yourself. promote those deserving friends too humble to promote themselves and you'll be tending the entire social-network ecosystem.
but if you're inclined to turn your feed into a virtual trophy case, remember that followers aren't the same as listeners. you could be one self-enhancement away from the ignore list. that drinking group could silently be opting out of brand you and decamping for a walled garden on ning. you'd never even know.
contributing editor evan ratliff (evan@atavist.net) wrote about disappearing in the digital age in issue 17.12.
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ðə ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ðət groʊz krɑps, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn draɪ ˈkəntriz, kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈtæksɪŋ ˈækwəfərz bɪɔnd ðɛr kəˈpæsɪtiz. ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər dɪˈpliʃən ɪz ɛmˈbɛdɪd ɪn ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl fud treɪd, wɪθ ˈkəntriz ɪkˈspɔrtɪŋ krɑps groʊn frəm ˈækwəfərz ənd ˈsɛtɪŋ əp pəˈtɛnʃəl fˈjuʧər fud ˈkraɪsiz ɪf ðə ˈækwəfərz rən draɪ. ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌɪmˈpækts əv ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən rɪˈleɪt tɪ ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn kˈwɑntəti ənd kˈwɑləti əv sɔɪl ənd ˈwɔtər ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ənd ðə ˈifɛkts ɔn ˈnæʧərəl ənd ˈsoʊʃəl kənˈdɪʃənz ɪn ˈrɪvər ˈbeɪsənz ənd ˈdaʊnˈstrim əv ən ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən skim. ðə ˌɪmˈpækts stɛm frəm ðə ˈɔltərd kənˈdɪʃənz kɔzd baɪ ðə ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən ənd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən skim. dɪˈrɛkt ˈifɛkts ˈɛdət ən ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən skim drɔz ˈwɔtər frəm ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər, ˈrɪvərz, leɪks ər ˈoʊvərˌlænd floʊ, ənd dɪˈstrɪbjuts ɪt ˈoʊvər ən ˈɛriə., ər dɪˈrɛkt, ˈifɛkts əv duɪŋ ˌɪnˈklud rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn ˈdaʊnˈstrim ˈrɪvər floʊ, ˌɪnˈkrist ɪˌvæpərˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈɪrəˌgeɪtɪd ˈɛriə, ˌɪnˈkrist ˈlɛvəl ɪn ðə ˈwɔtər ˈteɪbəl ɛz ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər riˈʧɑrʤ ɪn ðə ˈɛriə ɪz ˌɪnˈkrist ənd floʊ ˌɪnˈkrist ɪn ðə ˈɪrəˌgeɪtɪd ˈɛriə. ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz, ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən həz ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈifɛkts ɔn ðə prəˈvɪʒən əv ˈmɔɪsʧər tɪ ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr, ˌɪnˈdusɪŋ ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪtiz ənd ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ daʊnˈwɪnd ər ɪn ˈəðər ˈkeɪsɪz ˈmɑdəˌfaɪz ðə ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ˈsərkjəˌleɪʃən, dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ reɪn tɪ ˈdɪfərənt daʊnˈwɪnd ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ər ˈdiˌkrisɪz ɪn ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ər ə ki ˈɛriə əv kənˈsərn ɪn ˈstədiz, ðət ɪgˈzæmɪn haʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz tɪ ðə dɪˈlɪvəri əv ɪˌvæpərˈeɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr kən ˈɔltər daʊnˈwɪnd ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈifɛkts ˈɛdət ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈifɛkts ər ðoʊz ðət hæv ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz ðət teɪk ˈlɔŋgər tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ənd meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ bi longer-lasting*. ðə ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈifɛkts əv ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: ðə ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈifɛkts əv ənd sɔɪl əˈkər dɪˈrɛkli ɔn ðə lænd biɪŋ ˈɪrəˌgeɪtɪd. ðə ɛkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ənd soʊˌsiˌoʊˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz teɪk ˈlɔŋgər tɪ ˈhæpən bət kən bi mɔr far-reaching*. səm ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən skimz juz ˈwɔtər wɛlz fər ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈwɔtər ˈlɛvəl ˈdiˌkrisɪz. ðɪs meɪ kɔz ˈwɔtər ˈmaɪnɪŋ, səbˈsaɪdəns, ənd, əˈlɔŋ ðə koʊst, ˌsɔltˈwɑtər ˌɪnˈtruʒən. ˈɪrəˌgeɪtɪd lænd ˈɛriə ˈwərldˈwaɪd ˈɑkjəˌpaɪz əˈbaʊt 16 əv ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈɛriə ənd ðə krɑp jild əv ˈɪrəˌgeɪtɪd lænd ɪz ˈrəfli 40 əv ðə ˈtoʊtəl ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ˈɪrəˌgeɪtɪd lænd prəˈdusɪz taɪmz mɔr ˈprɑdəkt ðən lænd. ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɪl dɪˈskəs səm əv ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ənd soʊˌsiˌoʊˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɪmˈpækts əv ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən. ˌædˈvərs ˌɪmˈpækts ˈɛdət rɪˈdust ˈrɪvər floʊ ˈɛdət ðə rɪˈdust ˈdaʊnˈstrim ˈrɪvər floʊ meɪ kɔz: rɪˈdust ˈdaʊnˈstrim ˈflədɪŋ ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns əv ɛkəˈlɑʤɪkli ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈwɛˌtlændz ər fləd ˈfɔrəsts 6 rɪˈdust əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti əv ˌɪnˈdəstriəl, mjuˈnɪsəpəl, ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld, ənd ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈwɔtər rɪˈdust ˈʃɪpɪŋ rʊts. ˈwɔtər wɪθˈdrɔəl ˈpoʊzɪz ə ˈsɪriəs θrɛt tɪ ðə ˈgænʤiz. ɪn ˈɪndiə, bərˈɑʒɪz kənˈtroʊl ɔl əv ðə ˈtrɪbjəˌtɛriz tɪ ðə ˈgænʤiz ənd dɪˈvərt ˈrəfli 60 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈrɪvər floʊ tɪ ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən 6 rɪˈdust ˈfɪʃɪŋ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz. ðə ˈɪndəs ˈrɪvər ɪn ˈpækɪˌstæn ˈfeɪsɪz ˈskɛrsɪti du tɪ əv ˈwɔtər fər ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər. ðə ˈɪndəs ɪz ˌɪnˈhæbətəd baɪ 25 æmˈfɪbiən ˈspiʃiz ənd 147 fɪʃ ˈspiʃiz əv wɪʧ 22 ər faʊnd ˈnoʊˌwɛr ɛls ɪn ðə wərld. ɪt ˈhɑrbərz ðə ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd ˈɪndəs ˈrɪvər ˈdɑlfən, wən əv ðə ˈrɛrəst ˈmæməlz. fɪʃ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz, ðə meɪn sɔrs əv ˈproʊˌtin ənd ˈoʊvərˌɔl laɪf səˈpɔrt ˈsɪstəmz fər ˈmɛni kəmˈjunɪtiz, ər ˈɔlsoʊ biɪŋ θˈrɛtənd 6 rɪˈdust ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤ ˈɪntu ðə si, wɪʧ meɪ hæv ˈvɛriəs ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz laɪk ˈkoʊstəl ɪˈroʊʒən (e.g*. ɪn ənd sɔlt ˈwɔtər ˌɪnˈtruʒən ɪn ˈdɛltəz ənd ˈɛsʧuˌɛriz (e.g*. ɪn ˈiʤɪpt, si dæm). ˈkɑrənt ˈwɔtər wɪθˈdrɔəl frəm ðə ˈrɪvər naɪl fər ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ɪz soʊ haɪ ðət, dɪˈspaɪt ɪts saɪz, ɪn draɪ ˈpɪriədz ðə ˈrɪvər dɪz nɑt riʧ ðə ðə ˈɑrɑl si həz ˈsəfərd ən "ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl kəˈtæstrəfi" du tɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃən əv ˈrɪvər ˈwɔtər fər ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈpərpəsɪz. ˌɪnˈkrist ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər riˈʧɑrʤ,, sɔɪl səˈlɪnəˌti ˈɛdət ðɪs ˈɪləˌstreɪts ən ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˈəpˈstrim ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən dɪˈvɛləpmənts ˈkɔzɪŋ ən ˌɪnˈkrist floʊ əv ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈʃoʊldər əv ə pərˈuviən ˈfɑrmər ɪn ðə ˈdɛltə æt ˈwɔtərˌlɑgd ənd ˈɪrəˌgeɪtɪd lænd wɪθ ə pur krɑp ˈɪləˌstreɪts ən ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˈəpˈstrim ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən dɪˈvɛləpmənts ˈkɔzɪŋ ən ˌɪnˈkrist floʊ əv ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər tɪ ðɪs ˈɛriə, ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ˌædˈvərs kənˈdɪʃənz. ˌɪnˈkrist ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər riˈʧɑrʤ stɛmz frəm ðə ˌənəˈvɔɪdəbəl dip ˈlɔsɪz əˈkərɪŋ ɪn ðə ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən skim. ðə loʊər ðə ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ɪˈfɪʃənsi, ðə haɪər ðə ˈlɔsɪz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈfɛrli haɪ ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ɪˈfɪʃənsiz əv 70 ər mɔr (i.e*. ˈlɔsɪz əv 30 ər lɛs) kən əˈkər wɪθ səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd tɛkˈniks laɪk ˈsprɪŋkələr ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ənd drɪp ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən, ər baɪ wɛl ˈmænɪʤd ˈsərfəs ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən, ɪn ˈpræktɪs ðə ˈlɔsɪz ər ˈkɑmənli ɪn ðə ˈɔrdər əv 40 tɪ 60 ðɪs meɪ kɔz ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈɪʃuz: ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈwɔtər ˈteɪbəlz ˌɪnˈkrist ˈstɔrɪʤ əv ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər ðət meɪ bi juzd fər ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən, mjuˈnɪsəpəl, ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ənd ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈwɔtər baɪ ˈpəmpɪŋ frəm wɛlz ənd ˈdreɪnɪʤ ˈprɑbləmz ɪn ˈvɪlɪʤɪz, ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl lændz, ənd əˈlɔŋ roʊdz wɪθ ˈmoʊstli ˈnɛgətɪv ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz. ðə ˌɪnˈkrist ˈlɛvəl əv ðə ˈwɔtər ˈteɪbəl kən lɛd tɪ rɪˈdust ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl pərˈdəkʃən. ˈʃæloʊ ˈwɔtər ˈteɪbəlz ə saɪn ðət ðə ˈækwəfər ɪz əˈneɪbəl tɪ koʊp wɪθ ðə ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər riˈʧɑrʤ ˈstɛmɪŋ frəm ðə dip ˈlɔsɪz wɛr ˈwɔtər ˈteɪbəlz ər ˈʃæloʊ, ðə ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ər rɪˈdust. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðə sɔɪl ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər liʧt ənd sɔɪl səˈlɪnəˌti ˈprɑbləmz dɪˈvɛləp ˈstægnənt ˈwɔtər ˈteɪbəlz æt ðə sɔɪl ˈsərfəs ər noʊn tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈɪnsɪdəns əv dɪˈzizɪz laɪk məˈlɛriə, filariasis*, ˈjɛloʊ ˈfivər, dɛng, ənd (bilharzia*) ɪn ˈmɛni ˈɛriəz. 8 hɛlθ kɔsts, əˈpreɪzəlz əv hɛlθ ˌɪmˈpækts ənd ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃən ˈmɛʒərz ər ˈrɛrli pɑrt əv ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈprɑʤɛkts, ɪf æt ɔl. 9 hɛlθ kɔsts, əˈpreɪzəlz əv hɛlθ ˌɪmˈpækts ənd ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃən ˈmɛʒərz ər ˈrɛrli pɑrt əv ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈprɑʤɛkts, ɪf æt ɔl. tɪ ˈmɪtəˌgeɪt ðə ˌædˈvərs ˈifɛkts əv ˈʃæloʊ ˈwɔtər ˈteɪbəlz ənd sɔɪl salinization*, səm fɔrm əv kənˈtroʊl, sɔɪl səˈlɪnəˌti kənˈtroʊl, ˈdreɪnɪʤ ənd ˈdreɪnɪʤ ˈsɪstəm ɪz ˈnidɪd ɛz ˈdreɪnɪʤ ˈwɔtər muvz θru ðə sɔɪl ˈproʊˌfaɪl ɪt meɪ dɪˈzɑlv ˈnutriənts (ˈiðər ər ˈnæʧərəli əˈkərɪŋ) səʧ ɛz ˈnaɪˌtreɪts, ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ə ˈbɪlˌdəp əv ðoʊz ˈnutriənts ɪn ðə ˈækwəfər. haɪ ˈnaɪˌtreɪt ˈlɛvəlz ɪn ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈwɔtər kən bi ˈhɑrmfəl tɪ ˈjumənz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈɪnfənts ˈəndər 6 mənθs, wɛr ɪt ɪz lɪŋkt tɪ ˈsɪnˌdroʊm" (si methemoglobinemia*). rɪˈdust ˈdaʊnˈstrim ˈrɪvər ˈwɔtər kˈwɑləti ˈɛdət oʊɪŋ tɪ ˈdreɪnɪʤ əv ˈsərfəs ənd ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər ɪn ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈɛriə, wɪʧ ˈwɔtərz meɪ bi ənd pəˈlutɪd baɪ ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈkɛmɪkəlz laɪk ənd ˈfərtəˌlaɪzərz, ðə kˈwɑləti əv ðə ˈrɪvər ˈwɔtər bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈɛriə kən dɪˈtɪriərˌeɪt, wɪʧ meɪks ɪt lɛs fɪt fər ˌɪnˈdəstriəl, mjuˈnɪsəpəl ənd ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld juz. ɪt meɪ lɛd tɪ rɪˈdust ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ. pəˈlutɪd ˈrɪvər ˈwɔtər ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə si meɪ ædˈvərsli əˈfɛkt ðə ɪˈkɑləʤi əˈlɔŋ ðə si ʃɔr (si dæm). ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈbɪlˌdəp əv ˌsɛdəmənˈteɪʃən kən rɪˈdus ˈdaʊnˈstrim ˈrɪvər floʊz du tɪ ðə ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən əv ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈsɪstəmz. ˌsɛdəmənˈteɪʃən ɪz ən ɛˈsɛnʃəl pɑrt əv ðə ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ðət rikˈwaɪərz ðə ˈnæʧərəl fləks əv ðə ˈrɪvər floʊ. ðɪs ˈnæʧərəl ˈsaɪkəl əv ˈsɛdəmənt dɪˈspərʒən ðə ˈnutriənts ɪn ðə sɔɪl, ðət wɪl ɪn tərn, dɪˈtərmən ðə ˈlaɪvliˌhʊd əv ðə plænts ənd ˈænəməlz ðət rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ðə ˈsɛdəmənts ˈkɛrid ˈdaʊnˈstrim. ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈhɛvi dɪˈpɑzəts əv ˌsɛdəmənˈteɪʃən kən bi sin ɪn lɑrʤ ˈrɪvərz laɪk ðə naɪl ˈrɪvər. ðə ˈsɛdəmənt frəm ðə ˈdɛltə həz bɪlt əp tɪ fɔrm ə ʤaɪənt ˈækwəfər ˈdʊrɪŋ fləd ˈsizən, ənd rɪˈteɪnz ˈwɔtər ɪn ðə ˈwɛˌtlændz. ðə ˈwɛˌtlændz ðət ər kriˈeɪtɪd ənd səˈsteɪnd du tɪ bɪlt əp ˈsɛdəmənt æt ðə ˈbeɪsən əv ðə ˈrɪvər ɪz ə ˈhæbəˌtæt fər ˈnumərəs ˈspiʃiz əv ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈhɛvi ˌsɛdəmənˈteɪʃən kən rɪˈdus ˈdaʊnˈstrim ˈrɪvər ˈwɔtər kˈwɑləti ənd kən ɪgˈzæsərˌbeɪt flədz əp strim. ðɪs həz bɪn noʊn tɪ ˈhæpən ɪn ðə ˈrɛzəvˌwɑr ɪn ˈʧaɪnə. ðə ˈrɛzəvˌwɑr ɪz pɑrt əv ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈmænˌmeɪd ˈprɑʤɛkt əv dæmz kɔld ðə θri gɔrʤ ˈprɑʤɛkt 11 ɪn 1998 ənˈsərtən ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz ənd ˈhɛvi ˈsɛdəmənt ˈgreɪtli əˈfɛktɪd ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈprɑpərli fʊlˈfɪl ɪts ˈfəŋkʃən 12 ðɪs ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈdusɪz ðə daʊn strim ˈrɪvər ˈwɔtər kˈwɑləti. ˈʃɪftɪŋ mɔr təˈwɔrdz mæs ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˌɪnˈstɔlmənts ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ mit mɔr soʊˌsiˌoʊˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈmændz ɪz goʊɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈbæləns əv ˈneɪʧər, ənd juz ˈwɔtər prægˈmætɪkəli- juz ɪt wɛr ɪt ɪz əˈfɛktɪd ˈdaʊnˈstrim ˈwɔtər ˈjuzərz ˈɛdət ˈwɔtər bɪˈkəmz skɛrs fər noʊˈmædɪk ɪn du tɪ nu ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən dɪˈvɛləpmənts ˈdaʊnˈstrim ˈwɔtər ˈjuzərz ˈɔfən hæv noʊ ˈligəl ˈwɔtər raɪts ənd meɪ fɔl ˈvɪktɪm əv ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən. ənd noʊˈmædɪk traɪbz meɪ faɪnd ðɛr lænd ənd ˈwɔtər ˈrisɔrsɪz blɑkt baɪ nu ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən dɪˈvɛləpmənts wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈligəl ˈrikɔrs. ˈkrɑpɪŋ meɪ bi ˈsɪriəsli əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðə ˈəpˈstrim ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃən əv ˈrɪvər ˈwɔtər fər ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈpərpəsɪz. ɪn, ˈpækɪˌstæn, ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv nu ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈprɑʤɛkts dɪˈplitɪd ðə ˈwɔtər ˈrisɔrsɪz əv noʊˈmædɪk traɪbz ˈtrævəlɪŋ ˈænjuəli bɪtˈwin ənd ˌgjuʤərˈæt ər rajasthan*, ˈɪndiə 14 ˈæftər ðə ˈkloʊʒər əv ðə dæm, naɪˈʤɪriə, 50 tɪ 70 pər sɛnt əv ðə ˈdaʊnˈstrim ˈɛriə əv ˈkrɑpɪŋ wɑz leɪk, 477 km²*², dɪˈspleɪst ˈpipəl. lɔst lænd juz ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ˈɛdət ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈprɑʤɛkts meɪ rɪˈdus ðə ˈfɪʃɪŋ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ənd ðə ˈgreɪzɪŋ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˈkætəl. ðə ˈlaɪvˌstɑk ˈprɛʃər ɔn ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ lændz meɪ ˌɪnˈkris kənˈsɪdərəbli, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈaʊstɪd trəˈdɪʃənəl traɪbz wɪl hæv tɪ faɪnd ðɛr səbˈsɪstəns ənd ɪgˈzɪstəns ˈɛlsˌwɛr, ˈoʊvərˌgreɪzɪŋ meɪ ˌɪnˈkris, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈsɪriəs sɔɪl ɪˈroʊʒən ənd ðə lɔs əv ˈnæʧərəl ðə ˈrɛzəvˌwɑr fɔrmd baɪ ðə dæm ɪn ˈmɑli ˌɪntərˈsɛkts ðə maɪˈgreɪʃən rʊts əv noʊˈmædɪk ənd dɪˈstrɔɪd 43000 hɑ əv səˈvænə, ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ˈoʊvərˌgreɪzɪŋ ənd ɪˈroʊʒən ˈɛlsˌwɛr. ˈfərðər, ðə ˈrɛzəvˌwɑr dɪˈstrɔɪd 120 km²*² əv ˈfɔrɪst. ðə dɪˈpliʃən əv ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər ˈækwəfərz, wɪʧ ɪz kɔzd baɪ ðə səˈprɛʃən əv ðə ˈsizənəl fləd ˈsaɪkəl, ɪz ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ðə ˈfɔrəsts ˈdaʊnˈstrim əv ðə ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər ˈmaɪnɪŋ wɪθ wɛlz, lænd səbˈsaɪdəns ˈɛdət ˈflədɪŋ ɛz ə ˈkɑnsəkwəns əv lænd səbˈsaɪdəns wɪn mɔr ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər ɪz pəmpt frəm wɛlz ðən riˈplɛnɪʃt, ˈstɔrɪʤ əv ˈwɔtər ɪn ðə ˈækwəfər ɪz biɪŋ maɪnd ənd ðə juz əv ðət ˈwɔtər ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər səˈsteɪnəbəl. ɛz ˈlɛvəlz feɪl, ɪt bɪˈkəmz mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˈɛkˌstrækt ˈwɔtər ənd pəmps wɪl ˈstrəgəl tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðə dɪˈzaɪn ənd kənˈsum mɔr meɪ pər ˈjunɪt əv ˈwɔtər. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ɪt meɪ bɪˈkəm soʊ ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˈɛkˌstrækt ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər ðət ˈfɑrmərz meɪ bi fɔrst tɪ əˈbændən ˈɪrəˌgeɪtɪd ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər. səm ˈnoʊtəbəl ɪgˈzæmpəlz ˌɪnˈklud: ðə ˈhənərdz əv ˌɪnˈstɔld ɪn ðə steɪt əv prəˈdɛʃ, ˈɪndiə, wɪθ wərld bæŋk ˈfəndɪŋ hæv ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈpɪriədz əv tɪ, wɛˈræz ðeɪ wər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt 16 19 ɪn, ˈpækɪˌstæn, ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈprɑʤɛkts wɑz æt ðə ɪkˈspɛns əv ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl ər ˈjuzərz 14 səbˈsaɪdəns 20 əv ðə lænd du tɪ ˈmaɪnɪŋ əv ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər əˈkərd ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts æt ə reɪt əv fər iʧ ðət ðə wɑz loʊərd 21 əv ðə lænd du tɪ ˈmaɪnɪŋ əv ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər əˈkərd ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts æt ə reɪt əv fər iʧ ðət ðə wɑz loʊərd hoʊmz æt grinz baɪu nɪr ˈhjustən, ˈtɛksəs, wɛr 5 tɪ 7 fit əv səbˈsaɪdəns həz əˈkərd, wər ˈflədɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə stɔrm ɪn ʤun 1989 ɛz ʃoʊn ɪn ðə ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən ənd priˈdɪkʃən ˈɛdət ðə ˈifɛkts əv ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ɔn, sɔɪl səˈlɪnəˌti ənd səˈlɪnəˌti əv ˈdreɪnɪʤ ənd ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər, ənd ðə ˈifɛkts əv ˈmɛʒərz kən bi ˈsɪmjəˌleɪtɪd ənd prɪˈdɪktɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ˈmɑdəlz laɪk ənd keɪs ˈstədiz ˈɛdət ɪn ˈɪndiə ˈmɪljən hɑ hæv bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ ˈsəfər frəm ɪn ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən kəˈnæl kəˈmændz. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmɪljən hɑ wər ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ bi ˈsɪriəsli sɔlt ɪn ðə ˈɪndəs pleɪnz ɪn ˈpækɪˌstæn, mɔr ðən 2 ˈmɪljən ˈhɛkˌtɑrz əv lænd ɪz ðə sɔɪl əv ˈmɪljən ˈhɛkˌtɑrz wɪˈθɪn ðə groʊs kəˈmænd ˈɛriə wɑz ˈsərˌveɪd, wɪʧ rɪˈvild ðət ˈmɪljən ˈhɛkˌtɑrz 23 wɑz səˈlin. 23 əv ðɪs wɑz ɪn ənd 13 ɪn ðə mɔr ðən 3 ˈmɪljən hɑ əv lændz hæv bɪn prəˈvaɪdɪd wɪθ ənd dreɪnz æt ðə kɔst əv ˈbɪljənz əv ˈrupiz, bət ðə ˌrɛkləˈmeɪʃən əˈbʤɛktɪvz wər ˈoʊnli ˈpɑrʃəli ðə ˈeɪʒən dɪˈvɛləpmənt bæŋk (adb*) steɪts ðət 38 əv ðə ˈɪrəˌgeɪtɪd ˈɛriə ɪz naʊ ˈwɔtərˌlɑgd ənd 14 əv ðə ˈsərfəs ɪz tu səˈlin fər ɪn ðə naɪl ˈdɛltə əv ˈiʤɪpt, ˈdreɪnɪʤ ɪz biɪŋ ˌɪnˈstɔld ɪn ˈmɪljənz əv ˈhɛkˌtɑrz tɪ ˈkɑmbæt ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ frəm ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv ˈmæsɪv pərˈɛniəl ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈæftər kəmˈpliʃən əv ðə haɪ dæm æt ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, 15 əv ðə 3 ˈmɪljən hɑ əv lænd ɪz ənd 10 ɪz ɪn pəru səm ˈmɪljən hɑ əv ðə ˈmɪljən hɑ əv lænd ˈsəfərz frəm ˌdɛgrəˈdeɪʃən (si ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ɪn pəru). ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ˈrəfli ˌwənˈθərd əv ðə ˈɪrəˌgeɪtɪd lænd ɪn ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈkəntriz ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈbædli əˈfɛktɪd baɪ səˈlɪnəˌti ər ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bɪˈkəm soʊ ɪn ðə nɪr fˈjuʧər. ˈprɛzənt ˈɛstəˌmeɪts fər ˈɪzriəl ər 13 əv ðə ˈɪrəˌgeɪtɪd lænd, ɔˈstreɪljə 20 ˈʧaɪnə 15 ˌɪˈrɑk 50 ˈiʤɪpt 30 səˈlɪnəˌti əˈkərz ɪn lɑrʤ ənd smɔl ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈsɪstəmz faʊ həz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət baɪ 1990 əˈbaʊt 52 ˈmɪljən hɑ əv ˈɪrəˌgeɪtɪd lænd wɪl nid tɪ hæv ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈdreɪnɪʤ ˈsɪstəmz ˌɪnˈstɔld, məʧ əv ɪt ˈsəbˌsərfəs ˈdreɪnɪʤ tɪ kənˈtroʊl rɪˈdust ˈdaʊnˈstrim ˈdreɪnɪʤ ənd ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər kˈwɑləti ˈɛdət ðə ˈdaʊnˈstrim ˈdreɪnɪʤ ˈwɔtər kˈwɑləti meɪ dɪˈtɪriərˌeɪt oʊɪŋ tɪ ˈliʧɪŋ əv sɔlts, ˈnutriənts, ˈərbəˌsaɪdz ənd ˈpɛstəˌsaɪdz wɪθ haɪ səˈlɪnəˌti ənd ˌælkəˈlɪnəti. ðɛr ɪz θrɛt əv sɔɪlz kənˈvərtɪŋ ˈɪntu səˈlin ər ˈælkəˌlaɪ sɔɪlz. ðɪs meɪ ˈnɛgətɪvli əˈfɛkt ðə hɛlθ əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən æt ðə əv ðə ˈrɪvər ˈbeɪsən ənd ˈdaʊnˈstrim əv ðə ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən skim, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ɛkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈbæləns. ðə ˈɑrɑl si, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪz ˈsɪriəsli pəˈlutɪd baɪ ˈdreɪnɪʤ ˈwɔtər. ðə ˈdaʊnˈstrim kˈwɑləti əv ðə ˈgraʊndˌwɔtər meɪ dɪˈtɪriərˌeɪt ɪn ə ˈsɪmələr weɪ ɛz ðə ˈdaʊnˈstrim ˈdreɪnɪʤ ˈwɔtər ənd hæv ˈsɪmələr ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃən əv ˌædˈvərs ˈifɛkts ˈɛdət ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən kən hæv ə vərˈaɪəti ˈnɛgətɪv ˌɪmˈpækts ɔn ɪˈkɑləʤi ənd, wɪʧ meɪ bi ˈmɪtəˌgeɪtɪd ɪn ə ˈnəmbər əv weɪz. ðiz ˌɪnˈklud ˈsaɪtɪŋ ðə ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪn ə loʊˈkeɪʃən wɪʧ ˈnɛgətɪv ðə ɪˈfɪʃənsi əv ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkts kən bi ˌɪmˈpruvd ənd ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ dɪˈgreɪdɪd kən bi ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈrəðər ðən ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ə nu ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ, ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli oʊnd ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈsɪstəmz ɛz ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl, ˈpəblɪkli oʊnd ənd ˈmænɪʤd ðə juz əv ˈsprɪŋkələr ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ənd ˈsɪstəmz ˈdiˌkrisɪz ðə rɪsk əv ənd wɛr ˈpræktəkəbəl, ˈjuzɪŋ ˈtritɪd ˈweɪstˌwɔtər meɪks mɔr ˈwɔtər əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈəðər meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ fləd floʊz ˈdaʊnˈstrim əv ðə dæmz kən ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ən ˈædəkˌweɪt ˈɛriə ɪz ˈflədɪd iʧ jɪr, səˈpɔrtɪŋ, əˈməŋst ˈəðər əˈbʤɛktɪvz, ˈfɪʃəri dɪˈleɪd ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌɪmˈpækts ˈɛdət ɪt ˈɔfən teɪks taɪm tɪ ˈækjərətli prɪˈdɪkt ðə ˌɪmˈpækt ðət nu ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən skimz wɪl hæv ɔn ðə ɪˈkɑləʤi ənd əv ə ˈriʤən. baɪ ðə taɪm ðiz priˈdɪkʃənz ər əˈveɪləbəl, ə kənˈsɪdərəbəl əˈmaʊnt əv taɪm ənd ˈrisɔrsɪz meɪ hæv ɔˈrɛdi bɪn ɪkˈspɛndɪd ɪn ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðət ˈprɑʤɛkt. wɪn ðət ɪz ðə keɪs, ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈmænɪʤərz wɪl ˈɔfən ˈoʊnli ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪf ðə ˌɪmˈpækt wʊd bi kənˈsɪdərəbli mɔr ðən ðeɪ hæd ərˈɪʤənəli pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈbɛnəfɪts ˈaʊtˌweɪ ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤz ˈɛdət ˈfrikwɛntli ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən skimz ər sin ɛz ɪkˈstrimli ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər soʊˌsiˌoʊˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ əˈspɛʃəli ɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz. wən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðɪs kən bi ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd frəm ə prəˈpoʊzəl fər ən ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən skim ɪn məˈlɑwi. hir ɪt wɑz ʃoʊn ðət ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈpɑzətɪv ˈifɛkts əv ðə ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈprɑʤɛkt ðət wɑz biɪŋ prəˈpoʊzd "aʊtˈweɪd ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈnɛgətɪv ˌɪmˈpækts". ɪt wɑz ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ðə ˌɪmˈpækts wʊd ˈmoʊstli "bi ˈloʊkəˌlaɪzd, ˈmɪnəməl, ʃɔrt tərm əˈkərɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kənˈstrəkʃən ənd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˈfeɪzɪz əv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt". ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ hɛlp əˈliviˌeɪt ənd prɪˈvɛnt ˈmeɪʤər ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌɪmˈpækts, ðeɪ wʊd juz tɛkˈniks ðət ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈnɛgətɪv ˌɪmˈpækts. ɛz fɑr ɛz ðə ˈriʤənz soʊˌsiˌoʊˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ, ðɛr wʊd bi noʊ "dɪˈspleɪsmənt riˈsɛtəlmənt ɛnˈvɪʒənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ækˈtɪvɪtiz". ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈpərpəsɪz əv ðə ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ˈprɑʤɛkt wər tɪ rɪˈdus ˈpɑvərti, ˌɪmˈpruv fud sɪˈkjʊrəti, kriˈeɪt ˈloʊkəl ɪmˈplɔɪmənt, ˌɪnˈkris ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˈɪnˌkəm ənd ɛnˈhæns ðə səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti əv lænd du tɪ ðɪs ˈkɛrfəl ˈplænɪŋ ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt wɑz səkˈsɛsfəl boʊθ ɪn ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðə kənˈdɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈriʤən ənd ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðət lænd ənd ˈwɔtər ər səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti ˈɪntu ðə fˈjuʧər. si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət ˈfərðər ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈɛdət t.c*. ˈdɑgərti ənd a.w*. hɔl, 1995 ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌɪmˈpækt əˈsɛsmənt əv ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ənd ˈdreɪnɪʤ ˈprɑʤɛkts. faʊ ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ənd ˈdreɪnɪʤ ˈpeɪpər 53 ɔn laɪn: r.e*. ˈtɪlmən, 1981 ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz fər ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən. nu jɔrk bəˈtænɪkəl ˈgɑrdən ˈkɛri ˌɑrbərˈitəm. ə kəmˈpærətɪv ˈsərˌveɪ əv riˈsɛtəlmənt ɪn 50 ˈkeɪsɪz baɪ θeɪər ˈskədər ənd ʤɑn greɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd əv ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən ənd priˈdɪkʃən ˈmɑdəl frəm: 9 ˈdaʊnˌloʊd əv ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən ənd priˈdɪkʃən ˈmɑdəl frəm: 10 "saltmod*: ə tul fər ˌɪntərˈwivɪŋ əv ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ənd ˈdreɪnɪʤ fər səˈlɪnəˌti kənˈtroʊl": 11 "ˈmɑdərn wɪθ trəˈdɪʃənəl ˌɪrəˈgeɪʃən ɪn": 12
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the irrigation that grows crops, especially in dry countries, can also be responsible for taxing aquifers beyond their capacities. groundwater depletion is embedded in the international food trade, with countries exporting crops grown from overexploited aquifers and setting up potential future food crises if the aquifers run dry.
the environmental impacts of irrigation relate to the changes in quantity and quality of soil and water as a result of irrigation and the effects on natural and social conditions in river basins and downstream of an irrigation scheme. the impacts stem from the altered hydrological conditions caused by the installation and operation of the irrigation scheme.
direct effects [ edit ]
an irrigation scheme draws water from groundwater, rivers, lakes or overland flow, and distributes it over an area. hydrological, or direct, effects of doing this[1] include reduction in downstream river flow, increased evaporation in the irrigated area, increased level in the water table as groundwater recharge in the area is increased and flow increased in the irrigated area. likewise, irrigation has immediate effects on the provision of moisture to the atmosphere, inducing atmospheric instabilities and increasing downwind rainfall,[2] or in other cases modifies the atmospheric circulation, delivering rain to different downwind areas.[3] increases or decreases in irrigation are a key area of concern in precipitationshed studies, that examine how significant modifications to the delivery of evaporation to the atmosphere can alter downwind rainfall.[4]
indirect effects [ edit ]
indirect effects are those that have consequences that take longer to develop and may also be longer-lasting. the indirect effects of irrigation include the following:
the indirect effects of waterlogging and soil salination occur directly on the land being irrigated. the ecological and socioeconomic consequences take longer to happen but can be more far-reaching.
some irrigation schemes use water wells for irrigation. as a result, the overall water level decreases. this may cause water mining, land/soil subsidence, and, along the coast, saltwater intrusion.
irrigated land area worldwide occupies about 16% of the total agricultural area and the crop yield of irrigated land is roughly 40% of the total yield.[5] in other words, irrigated land produces 2.5 times more product than non-irrigated land. this article will discuss some of the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of irrigation.
adverse impacts [ edit ]
reduced river flow [ edit ]
the reduced downstream river flow may cause:
reduced downstream flooding
disappearance of ecologically and economically important wetlands or flood forests [6]
reduced availability of industrial, municipal, household, and drinking water
reduced shipping routes. water withdrawal poses a serious threat to the ganges. in india, barrages control all of the tributaries to the ganges and divert roughly 60 percent of river flow to irrigation [6]
reduced fishing opportunities. the indus river in pakistan faces scarcity due to over-extraction of water for agriculture. the indus is inhabited by 25 amphibian species and 147 fish species of which 22 are found nowhere else in the world. it harbors the endangered indus river dolphin, one of the world’s rarest mammals. fish populations, the main source of protein and overall life support systems for many communities, are also being threatened [6]
reduced discharge into the sea, which may have various consequences like coastal erosion (e.g. in ghana[7]) and salt water intrusion in delta's and estuaries (e.g. in egypt, see aswan dam). current water withdrawal from the river nile for irrigation is so high that, despite its size, in dry periods the river does not reach the sea.[6] the aral sea has suffered an "environmental catastrophe" due to the interception of river water for irrigation purposes.
increased groundwater recharge, waterlogging, soil salinity [ edit ]
this illustrates an environmental impact of upstream irrigation developments causing an increased flow of looking over the shoulder of a peruvian farmer in the huarmey delta at waterlogged and salinised irrigated land with a poor crop stand.this illustrates an environmental impact of upstream irrigation developments causing an increased flow of groundwater to this lower-lying area, leading to adverse conditions.
increased groundwater recharge stems from the unavoidable deep percolation losses occurring in the irrigation scheme. the lower the irrigation efficiency, the higher the losses. although fairly high irrigation efficiencies of 70% or more (i.e. losses of 30% or less) can occur with sophisticated techniques like sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, or by well managed surface irrigation, in practice the losses are commonly in the order of 40% to 60%. this may cause the following issues:
rising water tables
increased storage of groundwater that may be used for irrigation, municipal, household and drinking water by pumping from wells
waterlogging and drainage problems in villages, agricultural lands, and along roads - with mostly negative consequences. the increased level of the water table can lead to reduced agricultural production.
shallow water tables - a sign that the aquifer is unable to cope with the groundwater recharge stemming from the deep percolation losses
where water tables are shallow, the irrigation applications are reduced. as a result, the soil is no longer leached and soil salinity problems develop
stagnant water tables at the soil surface are known to increase the incidence of water-borne diseases like malaria, filariasis, yellow fever, dengue, and schistosomiasis (bilharzia) in many areas. [8] health costs, appraisals of health impacts and mitigation measures are rarely part of irrigation projects, if at all. [9]
health costs, appraisals of health impacts and mitigation measures are rarely part of irrigation projects, if at all. to mitigate the adverse effects of shallow water tables and soil salinization, some form of watertable control, soil salinity control, drainage and drainage system is needed
as drainage water moves through the soil profile it may dissolve nutrients (either fertilizer-based or naturally occurring) such as nitrates, leading to a buildup of those nutrients in the ground-water aquifer. high nitrate levels in drinking water can be harmful to humans, particularly infants under 6 months, where it is linked to "blue-baby syndrome" (see methemoglobinemia).
reduced downstream river water quality [ edit ]
owing to drainage of surface and groundwater in the project area, which waters may be salinized and polluted by agricultural chemicals like biocides and fertilizers, the quality of the river water below the project area can deteriorate, which makes it less fit for industrial, municipal and household use. it may lead to reduced public health.
polluted river water entering the sea may adversely affect the ecology along the sea shore (see aswan dam).
the natural buildup of sedimentation can reduce downstream river flows due to the installation of irrigation systems. sedimentation is an essential part of the ecosystem that requires the natural flux of the river flow. this natural cycle of sediment dispersion replenishes the nutrients in the soil, that will in turn, determine the livelihood of the plants and animals that rely on the sediments carried downstream. the benefits of heavy deposits of sedimentation can be seen in large rivers like the nile river. the sediment from the delta has built up to form a giant aquifer during flood season, and retains water in the wetlands. the wetlands that are created and sustained due to built up sediment at the basin of the river is a habitat for numerous species of birds.[10] however, heavy sedimentation can reduce downstream river water quality and can exacerbate floods up stream. this has been known to happen in the sanmenxia reservoir in china. the sanmenxia reservoir is part of a larger man-made project of hydro-electric dams called the three gorge project [11] in 1998, uncertain calculations and heavy sediment greatly affected the reservoir’s ability to properly fulfill its flood-control function [12] this also reduces the down stream river water quality. shifting more towards mass irrigation installments in order to meet more socioeconomic demands is going against the natural balance of nature, and use water pragmatically- use it where it is found[13]
affected downstream water users [ edit ]
water becomes scarce for nomadic pastoralist in baluchistan due to new irrigation developments
downstream water users often have no legal water rights and may fall victim of the development of irrigation.
pastoralists and nomadic tribes may find their land and water resources blocked by new irrigation developments without having a legal recourse.
flood-recession cropping may be seriously affected by the upstream interception of river water for irrigation purposes.
in baluchistan, pakistan, the development of new small-scale irrigation projects depleted the water resources of nomadic tribes traveling annually between baluchistan and gujarat or rajasthan, india [14]
after the closure of the kainji dam, nigeria, 50 to 70 per cent of the downstream area of flood-recession cropping was lost[15]
lake manantali, 477 km², displaced 12,000 people.
lost land use opportunities [ edit ]
irrigation projects may reduce the fishing opportunities of the original population and the grazing opportunities for cattle. the livestock pressure on the remaining lands may increase considerably, because the ousted traditional pastoralist tribes will have to find their subsistence and existence elsewhere, overgrazing may increase, followed by serious soil erosion and the loss of natural resources.[16]
the manatali reservoir formed by the manantali dam in mali intersects the migration routes of nomadic pastoralists and destroyed 43000 ha of savannah, probably leading to overgrazing and erosion elsewhere. further, the reservoir destroyed 120 km² of forest. the depletion of groundwater aquifers, which is caused by the suppression of the seasonal flood cycle, is damaging the forests downstream of the dam.[17][18]
groundwater mining with wells, land subsidence [ edit ]
flooding as a consequence of land subsidence
when more groundwater is pumped from wells than replenished, storage of water in the aquifer is being mined and the use of that water is no longer sustainable. as levels fail, it becomes more difficult to extract water and pumps will struggle to maintain the design flowrate and consume more may fenergy per unit of water. eventually it may become so difficult to extract groundwater that farmers may be forced to abandon irrigated agriculture.
some notable examples include:
the hundreds of tubewells installed in the state of uttar pradesh, india, with world bank funding have operating periods of 1.4 to 4.7 hours/day, whereas they were designed to operate 16 hours/day [19]
in baluchistan, pakistan, the development of tubewell irrigation projects was at the expense of the traditional qanat or karez users [14]
groundwater-related subsidence [20] of the land due to mining of groundwater occurred in the united states at a rate of 1m for each 13m that the watertable was lowered [21]
of the land due to mining of groundwater occurred in the united states at a rate of 1m for each 13m that the watertable was lowered homes at greens bayou near houston, texas, where 5 to 7 feet of subsidence has occurred, were flooded during a storm in june 1989 as shown in the picture[22]
simulation and prediction [ edit ]
the effects of irrigation on watertable, soil salinity and salinity of drainage and groundwater, and the effects of mitigative measures can be simulated and predicted using agro-hydro-salinity models like saltmod and sahysmod[23]
case studies [ edit ]
in india 2.19 million ha have been reported to suffer from waterlogging in irrigation canal commands. also 3.47 million ha were reported to be seriously salt affected,[24][25] in the indus plains in pakistan, more than 2 million hectares of land is waterlogged.[26] the soil of 13.6 million hectares within the gross command area was surveyed, which revealed that 3.1 million hectares (23%) was saline. 23% of this was in sindh and 13% in the punjab.[26] more than 3 million ha of water-logged lands have been provided with tube-wells and drains at the cost of billions of rupees, but the reclamation objectives were only partially achieved.[27] the asian development bank (adb) states that 38% of the irrigated area is now waterlogged and 14% of the surface is too saline for use[28] in the nile delta of egypt, drainage is being installed in millions of hectares to combat the water-logging resulting from the introduction of massive perennial irrigation after completion of the high dam at assuan[29] in mexico, 15% of the 3 million ha of irrigable land is salinized and 10% is waterlogged[30] in peru some 0.3 million ha of the 1.05 million ha of irrigable land suffers from degradation (see irrigation in peru). estimates indicate that roughly one-third of the irrigated land in the major irrigation countries is already badly affected by salinity or is expected to become so in the near future. present estimates for israel are 13% of the irrigated land, australia 20%, china 15%, iraq 50%, egypt 30%. irrigation-induced salinity occurs in large and small irrigation systems alike[31] fao has estimated that by 1990 about 52 million ha of irrigated land will need to have improved drainage systems installed, much of it subsurface drainage to control salinity[32]
reduced downstream drainage and groundwater quality [ edit ]
the downstream drainage water quality may deteriorate owing to leaching of salts, nutrients, herbicides and pesticides with high salinity and alkalinity. there is threat of soils converting into saline or alkali soils. this may negatively affect the health of the population at the tail-end of the river basin and downstream of the irrigation scheme, as well as the ecological balance. the aral sea, for example, is seriously polluted by drainage water.
the downstream quality of the groundwater may deteriorate in a similar way as the downstream drainage water and have similar consequences
mitigation of adverse effects [ edit ]
irrigation can have a variety negative impacts on ecology and socioeconomy, which may be mitigated in a number of ways. these include siting the irrigation project in a location which minimises negative impacts.[33] the efficiency of existing projects can be improved and existing degraded croplands can be improved rather than establishing a new irrigation project[33] developing small-scale, individually owned irrigation systems as an alternative to large-scale, publicly owned and managed schemes.[33] the use of sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation systems decreases the risk of waterlogging and erosion.[33] where practicable, using treated wastewater makes more water available to other users[33] maintaining flood flows downstream of the dams can ensure that an adequate area is flooded each year, supporting, amongst other objectives, fishery activities.[33]
delayed environmental impacts [ edit ]
it often takes time to accurately predict the impact that new irrigation schemes will have on the ecology and socioeconomy of a region. by the time these predictions are available, a considerable amount of time and resources may have already been expended in the implementation of that project. when that is the case, the project managers will often only change the project if the impact would be considerably more than they had originally expected.[34]
potential benefits outweigh the potential disadvantages [ edit ]
frequently irrigation schemes are seen as extremely necessary for socioeconomic well-being especially in developing countries. one example of this can be demonstrated from a proposal for an irrigation scheme in malawi. here it was shown that the potential positive effects of the irrigation project that was being proposed "outweighed the potential negative impacts". it was stated that the impacts would mostly "be localized, minimal, short term occurring during the construction and operation phases of the project". in order to help alleviate and prevent major environmental impacts, they would use techniques that minimize the potential negative impacts. as far as the region's socioeconomic well-being, there would be no "displacement and/or resettlement envisioned during the implementation of the project activities". the original primary purposes of the irrigation project were to reduce poverty, improve food security, create local employment, increase household income and enhance the sustainability of land use.[35]
due to this careful planning this project was successful both in improving the socialeconomic conditions in the region and ensuring that land and water are sustainability into the future.
see also [ edit ]
further reading [ edit ]
t.c. dougherty and a.w. hall, 1995. environmental impact assessment of irrigation and drainage projects. fao irrigation and drainage paper 53. isbn 92-5-103731-0. on line: http://www.fao.org/docrep/v8350e/v8350e00.htm
r.e. tillman, 1981. environmental guidelines for irrigation. new york botanical garden cary arboretum.
a comparative survey of dam-induced resettlement in 50 cases by thayer scudder and john gray
download of simulation and prediction model saltmod from: [9]
download of simulation and prediction model sahysmod from: [10]
"saltmod: a tool for interweaving of irrigation and drainage for salinity control": [11]
"modern interferences with traditional irrigation in baluchistan": [12]
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ðə nuz təˈdeɪ ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt tərˈisə meɪz dɪˈsaɪsɪv ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn ðə dəˈbeɪt ɔn ˈʧɔklət ɛgz. ðə prɛs ər ˈvɛri əp əˈbaʊt haʊ ˈɔfən ˈkædˌbɛri ˈjuzɪz ðə wərd 'ˈistər' ɔn ðə pərˈmoʊʃənəl məˈtɪriəl fər ən ɛg hənt. ɛz jul si bɪˈloʊ, ðə wərd 'ˈistər' ˈhæpənz tɪ bi ðə ˈlɑrʤəst bɪt əv tɛkst ɪn ðə ædz fər ðə ɪˈvɛnt, bət ɪt ɪz nɑt ɪn ðə əˈfɪʃəl neɪm ənd ðɪs ɪz ˈɑbviəsli ə ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəs ˈbɪznɪs ˌɪnˈdid. ju kən tɛl haʊ ˈsɪriəs ɪt ɪz bɪˈkəz ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər həz ˈpərsənəli ˌɪntərˈvind tɪ kɔl ɪt "ˌæbsəˈlutli rɪˈdɪkjələs". ʃi meɪd ðɪs ˈsteɪtmənt waɪl ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə, ə ˈkəntri wɪʧ ˈsɛntənsɪz ˈpipəl tɪ dɛθ fər kənˈvərtɪŋ tɪ ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti ənd wɛr ɔl ˈpəblɪk ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈwərʃɪp ɪz ˌɪˈligəl. ˈnaɪʤəl ˈɔlsoʊ gɑt ɪn ɔn ðə ækt, seɪɪŋ ɪt wɑz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðə nid tɪ prəˈtɛkt ɑr "judeo-christian*" ˈkəlʧər. kwaɪt wət ðə ʤuɪʃ feɪθ həz tɪ seɪ əˈbaʊt ə ˈfɛstɪvəl ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪŋ ðə dɛθ ənd ˌrɛzərˈɛkʃən əv ə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfɪgjər ɪt dɪz nɑt bɪˈliv ɪn ɪz əˈnəðər ˈmætər. ˈivɪn ˈʤɛrəˌmi reɪzd hɪmˈsɛlf frəm hɪz əˈlɑtmənts tɪ seɪ hi wɑz "ˈəpˌsɛt" bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz ə saɪn əv gɔn ə bɪt tu fɑr". soʊ ju kən ˌəndərˈstænd, wɪθ ɔl ðɪs ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt nuz ˈfloʊtɪŋ əˈbaʊt, ðət wi maɪt hæv mɪst wən ər tu ˈəðər ˈmaɪnər ˈstɔriz. wən əv ðoʊz ˈstɔriz ɪz ðət tərˈisə meɪ həz ˈgɪvɪn əp ɔn ə ˈsɛntrəl plæŋk əv hər ˈpɑləsi lɛs ðən ə wik ˈɪntu ˈɑrtɪkəl 50 nɑt soʊ lɔŋ əˈgoʊ, bæk wɪn wi wər ɔl ˈweɪtɪŋ fər hər bɪg spiʧ, ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər wɑz wɔrnd ðət ʃi hæd noʊ ʧæns əv ˈsɔrtɪŋ aʊt ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən dɪˈvɔrs ˈsɛtəlmənt, ə trænˈzɪʃənəl ərˈeɪnʤmənt ənd ə ˈfaɪnəl treɪd dil ɪn tu jɪrz. ʃi ˌɪgˈnɔrd ðoʊz kənˈsərnz. ʤəmpt əp tɪ ˌɪnˈsɪst ðət ˈbrɪtən ənd ðə ɔˈrɛdi hæd ɪkˈwɪvələns, soʊ ɪt wʊd ɔl bi ˈvɛri ˈizi tɪ sɔrt aʊt. ðɪs wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈnɑnsɛns. ˈkɑrənt ɪkˈwɪvələns ɪz faɪn, bət əˈgrimənts ər meɪd ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv trəst ɪn iʧ ˈpɑrtnərz fˈjuʧər ənd ðæts waɪ ðeɪ teɪk ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli lɔŋ taɪm, əˈspɛʃəli fər ɪˈkɑnəmiz. rəˈgɑrdləs, meɪ rɪfˈjuzd tɪ əkˈsɛpt ˈɛni ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv ðə ˈtaɪmˌteɪbəl. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ kʊd bi dən ɪn tu jɪrz, ʃi ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd. "aɪ wɔnt ˈjuˈɛs tɪ hæv riʧt ən əˈgrimənt əˈbaʊt ɑr fˈjuʧər ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp baɪ ðə taɪm ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl 50 ˈprɔˌsɛs həz kənˈkludɪd," ʃi meɪd klɪr ɪn hər ˈlæŋkəstər haʊs spiʧ. əv kɔrs, 'əˈgrimənt' ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈwʊli freɪz. ɪt kʊd min ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. bət ˈgɪvɪn ðət ʃi wɑz ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ə treɪd dil, ɪt simd ˈrizənəbəl tɪ kənˈklud ðət ðət wɑz wət ʃi wɑz rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ. ɪt wɑz ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli kənˈvɪnsɪŋ ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən, ˈgɪvɪn ðət ʃi ðɛn wɛnt ɔn tɪ seɪ: "frəm ðət pɔɪnt ˈɑnwərdz, wi bɪˈliv ə feɪzd ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən, ɪn wɪʧ boʊθ ˈbrɪtən ənd ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ənd ˈmɛmbər steɪts priˈpɛr fər ðə nu ərˈeɪnʤmənts ðət wɪl ɪgˈzɪst bɪtˈwin ˈjuˈɛs, wɪl bi ɪn ɑr mˈjuʧuəl ˌsɛlˈfɪntəˌrɛst." ɪf ðɛrz noʊ treɪd dil, ðɛrz ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt. soʊ ɪt əˈgɛn səˈʤɛsts ʃi ˈwɔntɪd ə treɪd dil dən baɪ ðɪs pɔɪnt. ˈɛni ˈpɪriəd ˈæftər ðə ˈdɛˌdlaɪn wɑz ˈðɛrˌfɔr əˈbaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ θɪŋz sɛt əp, nɑt mɔr nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃən. ðət məʧ wɑz klɪr. ɛz ʃi meɪd ðə spiʧ, ˈdeɪvɪd ˈdeɪvɪs wɑz leɪɪŋ aʊt ðə plæn ɪn ðə ˈkɑmənz. hi wɑz mɔr ˈkɔʃəs, ˈmɛnʃənɪŋ ˈoʊnli ə "brɔd əˈgrimənt". bət nɑt lɔŋ ˈæftərwərdz hi hæd fərmd əp hɪz priˈdɪkʃənz. læst mənθ, wɪn hi əˈpɪrd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə kəˈmɪti ɪn ˈpɑrləmɛnt, hi toʊld ˈɛmə ˈrɛnəldz ðət nɑt ˈoʊnli kʊd ən "ˈoʊvərˌɑrʧɪŋ fri treɪd əˈgrimənt" bi dən ɪn tu jɪrz, bət soʊ kʊd ˌrætəfəˈkeɪʃən (ðə ˈsɛkʃən stɑrts əˈbaʊt sɪks ˈmɪnəts ər soʊ ˈɪntu ðɪs ˈvɪdioʊ). ˌrætəfəˈkeɪʃən ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ðə əˈgrimənt əv ɔl ˈmɛmbər steɪts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ səm ˈriʤənəl əˈsɛmbliz, laɪk ɪn ˈbɛlʤəm. ɪt ˌgɛrənˈtiz ðət ðə treɪd dil wɪl bi səkt ˈɪntu ə ˈvɔrtɛks əv ˈməltəpəl ˌənrɪˈleɪtɪd dəˈmɛstɪk pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈbætəlz, seɪ ˈoʊvər ənd ˌɪnˈvɛstər treɪd dɪˈspjut ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz. ɪt minz ðət ˈbrɪtən ɪz æt ðə ˈmərsi əv ˈɛvəri ˈlɑbiɪŋ ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən ɔn ðə ˈkɑntənənt, ɛz ðeɪ fˈjʊriəsli ˈprɛʃər ðɛr ˈgəvərnmənts tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ˈiðər ˈbɛtər ˈmɑrkɪt ˈækˌsɛs ər ˈfərðər prəˈtɛkʃənz fər ðɛr ˈɪndəstri. ðɪs pɑrt əv ðə kəˈneɪdiən treɪd dil əˈloʊn tʊk əˈbaʊt tu jɪrz ənd wɑz ˈnɪrli scuppered*. ˈdeɪvɪs simd tɪ bi səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ɪt kʊd bi θroʊn ˈɪntu ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl 50 mɪks wɪθ noʊ ˈdeɪnʤər tɪ ðə ˈtaɪmˌteɪbəl. bət təˈdeɪ ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ɪz ˈrəðər ˈdɪfərənt. ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər həz ədˈmɪtəd ɪt ˈkænɑt bi dən. ˈkaʊnsəl nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz ˈpəblɪʃt læst ˈfraɪˌdeɪ sɛd ðət ˈbrɪtən wʊd saɪn ˈɛni treɪd dil ɛz ə θərd ˈpɑrti, ˈæftər ɪt hæd lɛft ðə, ˈəndər ˈɑrtɪkəl 218 əv ðə ˈtriti. təˈdeɪ, skaɪ nuz' ˈfeɪzəl ˌɪsˈlɑm gɑt meɪ tɪ ədˈmɪt ðət ʃi wʊd hæv tɪ əˈbaɪd baɪ ðət ˈtaɪmˌteɪbəl ˈrəðər ðən hər oʊn. ðɛr hæv bɪn ˈmɛni mənθs əv ˈkrɪtɪks səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ðə ˈtaɪmˌteɪbəl wɑz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl ənd ðət wi ʃʊd ɪkˈsplɔr ɔlˈtərnətɪvz ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt ˈstɑrtɪd. ðət maɪt teɪk ðə fɔrm əv ə trænˈzɪʃənəl əˈgrimənt tɪ sək ðə ənˈsərtənti aʊt əv nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz, ər baɪ goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu tɔks wɪθ ə trænˈzɪʃənəl dil front-and-centre*, soʊ wi kʊd ðə taɪm ædˈvæntɪʤ. ðɪs ədˈvaɪs wɑz ˈtritɪd ɛz ə plɑt tɪ stɑp ənd wɑz ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛntli ˌɪgˈnɔrd. naʊ ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər həz ɛmˈbrɔɪld hərˈsɛlf ɪn ə nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ɪn wɪʧ wi ər æt ə ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤ ɪn tərmz əv taɪm ənd nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ kəˈpæsɪti. ðɛr wɪl əv kɔrs bi noʊ ədˈmɪʃən frəm əˈbaʊt ðɪs. ðeɪ ˈfɪkˌseɪt ɔn ðə wən priˈdɪkʃən ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts gɑt rɔŋ ðə səˈpraɪzɪŋ rɪˈzɪljəns əv kənˈsumər ˈspɛndɪŋ waɪl ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðɛr saɪd wɑz rɔŋ əˈbaʊt, laɪk ðə fɔl ɪn ˈstərlɪŋ, ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt əv ə ˈsɛkənd ˈskɑtɪʃ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm, ðə θrɛt əv ə ˈsədən hɑrd ˈbɔrdər ɪn ˈaɪərlənd ər ðə ˈkraɪsəs ˈoʊvər ʤɪˈbrɔltər. ðɪs ɪz nɑt pɔɪnt ˈskɔrɪŋ. ənˈlɛs ðɛr ɪz ə ˈsoʊbər əˈsɛsmənt əv wət ɪz goʊɪŋ raɪt ənd rɔŋ ɔn boʊθ saɪdz ðɛr kən bi noʊ ˌriəˈlɪstɪk nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ ˈpɑsʧər. wi ər kənˈdɛmd tɪ kip ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə seɪm mɪˈsteɪks əˈgɛn ənd əˈgɛn ənd ˈwərkɪŋ ɑrˈsɛlvz ˈɪntu ˌdɪˌsædˌvænˈteɪʤəs pəˈzɪʃənz. wɛr dɪz ðɪs liv ˈjuˈɛs, naʊ ðət meɪ həz kənˈfərmd hər kəˌpɪʧəˈleɪʃən tɪ dɪˈmændz? wɪθ ə ˈvɛri ˈfəzi ˈtaɪmˌteɪbəl. "əm klɪr ðət baɪ ðə pɔɪnt æt wɪʧ wi liv ðə, ɪts raɪt ðət ˈɛvriˌwən wɪl noʊ wət ðə fˈjuʧər ərˈeɪnʤmənt, riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈjuˈɛs ənd wɪl bi," meɪ sɛd təˈdeɪ. "ðæts ðə ˈsɛnsəbəl θɪŋ, ɪts ə prægˈmætɪk weɪ tɪ lʊk æt ɪt." ɪn ˈəðər wərdz: ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ spɛnd ðə hoʊl əv ðə nɛkst tu jɪrz ˈbætəlɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈməni ənd ðə ˈsɪtɪzən ˈrɛzɪdənsi ˈɪʃu. ʃi wɪl ˈhoʊpfəli ˈɔlsoʊ faɪnd taɪm tɪ nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt trænˈzɪʃənəl ərˈeɪnʤmənts, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðiz sim ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ə ˈsɪmpəl 'ˈgrænˌfɑðərɪŋ' əv ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ raɪts ənd riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz, ˈprɑbəˌbli ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ fri ˈmuvmənt ənd ˌjʊrəˈpiən kɔrt əv ˈʤəstɪs ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən. ənd ðɛn, ˈfaɪnəli, æt ðə ɛnd əv ɪt ɔl, ʃi wɪl kəm bæk wɪθ ə ʃit əv seɪɪŋ ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiənz wɔnt tariff-free*, ˈfrɪkʃənləs treɪd ənd soʊ du wi. ðæts wət ðə ˈkɑmənz wɪl voʊt ɔn ənd wət ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈpəblɪk wɪl bi ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ beɪs ðɛr ˈʤəʤmənt ɔn wɪn goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə poʊlz ɪn 2020 ˈæftər ɔl ðət wərk, wɪl bi ˈhɑrdli ˈɛni ˈfərðər ðən wi ər naʊ. ðə ˈgəvərnmənts ˈkɑnfədɛns əˈbaʊt ðə ˈrɪʤɪd ˈtaɪmˌteɪbəl ˈdɪdənt ˈivɪn sərˈvaɪv ə wiks ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðə ˈɛnəmi. ɔˈrɛdi, ðeɪ ər tɪ dɪˈmændz, ɛz ðeɪ wər wɔrnd wʊd ˈhæpən ənˈlɛs ðeɪ ˈfɔrmjəˌleɪtɪd ə mɔr ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ˈstrætəʤi. ənd jɛt ðɪs ɪz ˈbɛrli kənˈsɪdərd nuz. ðə ˈistər ɛgz ər mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. ðə seɪm wɪθ wɪʧ sɪˈmɛntɪd ðɛr pəˈzɪʃən naʊ ˌɪgˈnɔrz ɪt ɛz ɪt fɔlz əˈpɑrt. ˈiən ɪz ðə ˈɛdɪtər əv politics.co.uk*. hɪz bʊk : wət ðə hɛl ˈhæpənz naʊ? ɪz əˈveɪləbəl naʊ frəm prɛs. ðə əˈpɪnjənz ɪn ˈkɑmɛnt ənd æˈnælɪsɪs ˈsɛkʃən ər ðoʊz əv ðə ˈɔθər ənd ər noʊ rɪˈflɛkʃən əv ðə vjuz əv ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ər ɪts ˈoʊnərz.
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the news today is all about theresa may's decisive intervention in the debate on chocolate eggs. the press are very het up about how often cadbury uses the word 'easter' on the promotional material for an egg hunt. as you'll see below, the word 'easter' happens to be the largest bit of text in the ads for the event, but it is not in the official name and this is obviously a very serious business indeed.
you can tell how serious it is because the prime minister has personally intervened to call it "absolutely ridiculous". she made this statement while visiting saudi arabia, a country which sentences people to death for converting to christianity and where all public christian worship is illegal. nigel farage also got in on the act, saying it was an example of the need to protect our "judeo-christian" culture. quite what the jewish faith has to say about a festival celebrating the death and resurrection of a religious figure it does not believe in is another matter. even jeremy corbyn raised himself from his allotments to say he was "upset" because it is a sign of "commercialisation gone a bit too far".
so you can understand, with all this important news floating about, that we might have missed one or two other minor stories. one of those stories is that theresa may has given up on a central plank of her brexit policy less than a week into article 50.
not so long ago, back when we were all waiting for her big brexit speech, the prime minister was warned that she had no chance of sorting out the european divorce settlement, a transitional arrangement and a final trade deal in two years. she ignored those concerns. brexiters jumped up to insist that britain and the eu already had equivalence, so it would all be very easy to sort out.
this was always nonsense. current equivalence is fine, but agreements are made on the basis of trust in each partner's future policy-making and that's why they take an incredibly long time, especially for service-dependant economies.
regardless, may refused to accept any criticism of the timetable. everything could be done in two years, she insisted. "i want us to have reached an agreement about our future partnership by the time the two-year article 50 process has concluded," she made clear in her lancaster house speech.
of course, 'agreement' is a very woolly phrase. it could mean anything. but given that she was talking about a trade deal, it seemed reasonable to conclude that that was what she was referring to. it was a particularly convincing explanation, given that she then went on to say:
"from that point onwards, we believe a phased process of implementation, in which both britain and the eu institutions and member states prepare for the new arrangements that will exist between us, will be in our mutual self-interest."
if there's no trade deal, there's nothing to implement. so it again suggests she wanted a trade deal done by this point. any period after the two-year deadline was therefore about getting things set up, not more negotiation. that much was clear.
as she made the speech, david davis was laying out the plan in the commons. he was more cautious, mentioning only a "broad agreement".
but not long afterwards he had firmed up his predictions. last month, when he appeared before the brexit committee in parliament, he told labour's emma reynolds that not only could an "overarching free trade agreement" be done in two years, but so could ratification (the section starts about six minutes or so into this video).
ratification involves the agreement of all member states, including some regional assemblies, like wallonia in belgium. it guarantees that the trade deal will be sucked into a vortex of multiple unrelated domestic political battles, say over neoliberalism and investor trade dispute mechanisms. it means that britain is at the mercy of every lobbying organisation on the continent, as they furiously pressure their governments to secure either better market access or further protections for their industry. this part of the canadian trade deal alone took about two years and was nearly scuppered. davis seemed to be suggesting that it could be thrown into the article 50 mix with no danger to the timetable.
but today the message is rather different. the prime minister has admitted it cannot be done.
eu council negotiation guidelines published last friday said that britain would sign any trade deal as a third party, after it had left the eu, under article 218 of the eu treaty. today, sky news' faisal islam got may to admit that she would have to abide by that timetable rather than her own.
there have been many months of brexit critics suggesting that the timetable was impossible and that we should explore alternatives before it started. that might take the form of a seven-year transitional eea agreement to suck the uncertainty out of negotiations, or by going into talks with a transitional deal front-and-centre, so we could neutralise the eu's time advantage. this advice was treated as a remainer plot to stop brexit and was consequently ignored.
now the prime minister has embroiled herself in a negotiation in which we are at a disadvantage in terms of time and negotiating capacity. there will of course be no admission from brexit mps about this. they fixate on the one prediction economists got wrong - the surprising resilience of consumer spending - while ignoring everything their side was wrong about, like the fall in sterling, the announcement of a second scottish independence referendum, the threat of a sudden hard border in ireland or the crisis over gibraltar.
this is not point scoring. unless there is a sober assessment of what is going right and wrong on both sides there can be no realistic negotiating posture. we are condemned to keep making the same mistakes again and again and working ourselves into ever-more disadvantageous positions.
where does this leave us, now that may has confirmed her capitulation to eu demands? with a very fuzzy timetable. "i'm clear that by the point at which we leave the eu, it's right that everyone will know what the future arrangement, relationship, partnership between us and eu will be," may said today. "that's the sensible thing, it's a pragmatic way to look at it."
in other words: the prime minister is going to spend the whole of the next two years battling about money and the eu citizen residency issue. she will hopefully also find time to negotiate transitional arrangements, although these seem ever-more likely to be a simple 'grandfathering' of existing rights and responsibilities, probably including free movement and european court of justice jurisdiction. and then, finally, at the end of it all, she will come back with a sheet of a4 saying the europeans want tariff-free, frictionless trade and so do we.
that's what the commons will vote on and what the british public will be expected to base their judgement on when going to the polls in 2020. after all that work, we'll be hardly any further than we are now.
the brexit government's confidence about the rigid two-year timetable didn't even survive a week's contact with the enemy. already, they are capitulating to eu demands, as they were warned would happen unless they formulated a more realistic strategy. and yet this is barely considered news. the easter eggs are more important. the same press-obsession with brexit which cemented their position now ignores it as it falls apart.
ian dunt is the editor of politics.co.uk. his book - brexit: what the hell happens now? - is available now from canbury press.
the opinions in politics.co.uk's comment and analysis section are those of the author and are no reflection of the views of the website or its owners.
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ðə ɔn əˈgɛn, ɔf əˈgɛn, ɔn əˈgɛn, "ˈoʊvər maɪ dɛd ˈbɑdi, maɪ neɪm ɪz ˈʤiʤi" əˈgɛn ˈtrænsfər ˈsɑgə fər vlæd lʊks laɪk ɪt ʤɪst maɪt bi ɔn əˈgɛn. roʊˈmeɪniən skaʊt ənd ˈʤərnəlɪst ˈrɑdu rɪˈpɔrts ˈviə tˈwɪtər: peɪd ˈjuˌroʊz tɪ pandurii*,' ˈpriviəs kləb, ənd naʊ oʊnz 100 əv ðə pleɪərz ˈtrænsfər raɪts. ˈrɑdu (@rbaicu*) ˈɔgəst 6 2013 siz ðɪs muv ɛz ˈgɪtɪŋ ɔl ɪts dəks ɪn ə roʊ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkæʃɪŋ ɪn ɔn ðə pleɪər. oʊ ənd doʊnt ˈwəri əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkreɪzi mæn θroʊɪŋ ˈtɛmpər ˈtæntrəmz ɪn ʤeɪl, ðət ˈʃʊdənt bi ə ˈprɑbləm. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ˈprɪzən ˈmɛltˌdaʊn ˈoʊvər ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈtrænsfər wɑz du tɪ ə ˈsɪmpəl ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋ. səˈpoʊzədli spərz ˈwɔntɪd ən ˈænsər wɪˈθɪn ə deɪ, bət ˌmɪsəndərˈstʊd ənd θɔt spərz wər dɪˈmændɪŋ ðə ˈtrænsfər ˈfaɪnəˌlaɪzd wɪˈθɪn ə deɪ. oʊ ðə ˈzeɪni ˈæntɪks ðət ɪnˈsu ˈdʊrɪŋ ə geɪm əv ˈprɪzən ˈtɛləˌfoʊn. bət ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ˈreɪsɪst ˌhoʊməˈfoʊbɪk ˈrənɪŋ ðə kləb ɪz ɔl smaɪlz ənd ˈhændˌʃeɪks, spərz fænz ˈʃʊdənt gɪt tu ˈkəmfərtəbəl. səˈpoʊzədli spərz hæv ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən fər ðə dɪˈfɛndərz ˈsɪgnəʧər frəm ə saɪdz ˈeɪˈsi ˈmaɪˌlæn ənd ˈroʊmɑ hu ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtrækɪŋ ðə ˈsɛnər bæk. læst wi hərd, ˈbukəˌrɛst ˈwɔntɪd tɪ hæŋ ˈɔntu ənˈtɪl ˈæftər hi hɛlpt ðɛm kˈwɑləˌfaɪ fər ðə ˈʧæmpiənz lig. dɪˈspaɪt ˈteɪkɪŋ hoʊm ə lɛd frəm ðə əˈweɪ lɛg əv raʊnd kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ, ðə kləb stɪl sim tɪ wɔnt tɪ hɛlp ðɛm tɪ ðə grup steɪʤ. ðə pleɪɔf raʊnd dɪz nɑt teɪk pleɪs ənˈtɪl leɪt ˈɔgəst. ˈhoʊpfəli θɪŋz wɪl gɪt ræpt əp sun, bət ɪt ˈwʊdənt bi səˈpraɪzɪŋ tɪ si ðɪs goʊ daʊn tɪ ðə ˈtrænsfər ˈdɛˌdlaɪn.
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the on again, off again, on again, "over my dead body, my name is gigi becali" again transfer saga for vlad chiriches looks like it just might be on again.
romanian scout and journalist radu baicu reports via twitter:
steaua paid 500.000 euros to pandurii, chiriches' previous club, and now owns 100% of the player's transfer rights. — radu baicu (@rbaicu) august 6, 2013
baicu sees this move as steaua getting all its ducks in a row before cashing in on the player. oh and don't worry about the crazy man throwing temper tantrums in jail, that shouldn't be a problem. according to baicu, becali's prison meltdown over the proposed transfer was due to a simple misunderstanding. supposedly spurs wanted an answer within a day, but becali misunderstood and thought spurs were demanding the transfer finalized within a day. oh the zany antics that ensue during a game of prison telephone.
but even though the racist homophobic xenophobe running the club is all smiles and handshakes, spurs fans shouldn't get too comfortable. supposedly spurs have competition for the defender's signature from serie a sides ac milan and roma who are also tracking the center back.
last we heard, steaua bucharest wanted to hang onto chiriches until after he helped them qualify for the champions league. despite taking home a 2-0 lead from the away leg of 3rd round qualifying, the club still seem to want chiriches to help them to the group stage. the playoff round does not take place until late august.
hopefully things will get wrapped up soon, but it wouldn't be surprising to see this go down to the transfer deadline.
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haɪ krazykid*, θæŋk ju fər ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə taɪm tɪ du ðiz ˈvɪdioʊz. ɪf ju du səm mɔr ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər, kʊd ju ˈpɑsəbli sloʊ daʊn ə ˈlɪtəl fər ðoʊz əv ˈjuˈɛs ðət wərənt ˈbeɪtə ˈtɛstərz, ənd nid ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈgaɪdəns. ðiz ər ˈprɑbəˌbli greɪt fər ˈsəmˌwən ðət kʊd briz θru kju aɪ, ənd noʊz ə lɔt əv ðə ˈbeɪsɪks frəm ðət wən. aɪ wɔʧt ə fju tuts*, rɛd ðə ˈmænjuəl ˈmɛni taɪmz; aɪ doʊnt noʊ waɪ ɪt ˈdɪdənt klɪk fər mi, bət ɪt ˈdɪdənt. ˈhoʊpɪŋ kju wɪl wərk ˈbɛtər fər mi. biɪŋ ju juzd noʊ vɔɪs, aɪ hæd səm ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈbeɪsɪk tuˈtɔriəl. wən əv ðə meɪn ˈrizənz aɪ ˈpərʧəst maɪ 70 ˈkiˌbɔrd, wɑz tɪ hæv ðə tɪ prɛs ə ki, ənd ˌɪˈlumɪnɪt ðə ˈəðər kiz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðət ki. ɪgˈzæmpəl, aɪ hæv maɪ kiz lɪt əp wɪθ ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈkələr ˈkoʊdɪŋ, ðɛn lɛts seɪ aɪ wɔnt tɪ ʤɪst ʃoʊ ðə kiz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈhoʊldɪŋ daʊn ðə ki, seɪ ðeɪ ˌɪˈlumɪnɪt grin, soʊ naʊ aɪ si ɔl ðə kiz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ. aɪ kən ˈɔlsoʊ hoʊld daʊn ɛz ə ˈjuzəbəl ki. aɪ kʊd nɑt gɪt ðɪs tɪ wərk kərˈɛktli ɪn kju aɪ. ɪz ɪt naʊ ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ du ðɪs ɪn kju? ˈhoʊpɪŋ soʊ. θæŋk ju əˈgɛn, fər ðə tuˈtɔriəlz. hoʊp tɪ si ˈmɛni mɔr, ʤɪst hæv tɪ mjut ɪf ju kənˈtɪnju ˈjuzɪŋ ðə mˈjuzɪk. θæŋks fər jʊr kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən. bɛst, ˈdeɪvɪd
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hi krazykid, thank you for taking the time to do these videos. if you do some more in the future, could you possibly slow down a little for those of us that weren't beta testers, and need a little more guidance. these are probably great for someone that could breeze through cue i, and knows a lot of the basics from that one. i watched a few tuts, read the manual many times; i don't know why it didn't click for me, but it didn't. hoping cue ii will work better for me. being you used no voice, i had some difficulty following the basic tutorial.
one of the main reasons i purchased my rgb 70 keyboard, was to have the abilty to press a key, and illuminate the other keys related to that key. example, i have my keys lit up with a specific color coding, then lets say i want to just show the keys associated with holding down the ctrl key, say they illuminate green, so now i see all the keys associated with ctrl. i can also hold down ctrl as a usable key.
i could not get this to work correctly in cue i. is it now possible to do this in cue ii?
hoping so. thank you again, for the tutorials. hope to see many more, just have to mute if you continue using the music. :-) thanks for your consideration.
best,
david
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noʊ, ju ˈɑrənt ˈdrimɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən kəˈmərʃəlz ər prəˈnaʊnsɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ wɪθ ə "zi" ɪn frənt əv ɪt, bɪˈkəz ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˈzimə bæk fər ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd taɪm. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni rɪˈpɔrts ɪn ə blɔg poʊst ðət ðə ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk, klɪr mɔlt ˌælkəˈhɑlɪk ˈbɛvərɪʤ hɪt ʃɛlvz ʤun 12 ənd wɪl steɪ ðɛr ənˈtɪl ˈleɪbər deɪ. "ðə hæv bɪˈkəm ðə kˌwɪntɪˈsɛnʃəl ˈdɛkeɪd fər nɔˈstælʤə, soʊ ɪts taɪm fər ðə rɪˈtərn əv ɑr ˈaɪkɑn," ˈtrɪˌstæn ˈmɛlaɪn, ˈsinjər ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ˈmænɪʤər fər ˈzimə, sɛd ɪn ðə poʊst. "ðə prɛs ˈkəvərɪʤ ənd kənˈsumər ˈfidˌbæk həz bɪn ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl. wi wɪl səˈpɔrt ˈzimə wɪθ ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪps, ˈriˌteɪl ˌæktəˈveɪʃən ənd ˈdɪʤɪtəl, ɔl tɪ ɪnˈtaɪs kənˈsumərz tɪ traɪ ˈdɪfərənt.'" simz tɪ bi ˈfʊli ɛmˈbreɪsɪŋ ðə rɪˈtərn əv ˈzimə wɪθ ən ˌæbsəˈlutli rɪˈdɪkjələs ˈwɛbˌsaɪt fər ðə mɔlt ˈbɛvərɪʤ ðət ɪz streɪt aʊt əv ðə. ˈzimə wɑz ˈfʊli jæŋkt frəm ʃɛlvz ˈsteɪtˈsaɪd ɪn 2008 bət həz rɪˈmeɪnd əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ʤəˈpæn. ðə ˈprɑdəkt wɪl bi ˈwaɪdli əˈveɪləbəl ɪn stɔrz ʤɪst ɪn taɪm fər ðə fɔrθ əv ˌʤuˈlaɪ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ. "wɪn ju drɪŋk ə ˈzimə, jʊr ˈteɪstɪŋ ə gʊd taɪm," ɪts ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ridz. "ðə ˈgoʊldən ʧaɪld əv 1994 ˈzimə oʊnd ðə ˈdɛkeɪd."
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no, you aren't dreaming about 1990s tv commercials or pronouncing everything with a "z" in front of it, because millercoors is actually bringing zima back for a limited time.
the company reports in a blog post that the iconic, nostalgia-friendly 1990s clear malt alcoholic beverage hit shelves june 12, and will stay there until labor day.
"the 90's have become the quintessential decade for nostalgia, so it's time for the return of our 90s icon," tristan meline, senior marketing manager for zima, said in the post.
"the press coverage and consumer feedback has been incredible. we will support zima with influential partnerships, retail activation and digital, all to entice consumers to try 'zomething different.'"
millercoors seems to be fully embracing the return of zima with an absolutely ridiculous website for the malt beverage that is straight out of the 1990s.
zima was fully yanked from shelves stateside in 2008, but has remained available in japan. the product will be widely available in stores just in time for the fourth of july, according to millercoors.
"when you drink a zima, you're tasting a good time," its website reads. "the golden child of 1994. zima owned the decade."
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i’ve* bɪn ˈminɪŋ tɪ raɪt əˈbaʊt ɔl ðə ənˈtæpt ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪn ˈglɛnˌdeɪl fər əˈwaɪl, bət glæd ðə ˈsɪti ɪz ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðə ˈɪʃu fər mi. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ gɪt əˈtɛnʃən, ðə ˈsɪti wɪl bi ˈhoʊstɪŋ oʊn ˈoʊpən strits ɪˈvɛnt ɛz ə ˈtizər. frəm ðə ðə ˈglɛnˌdeɪl ˈkəvərd ðə ˈstɔri ˈərliər: æt ə ˈrisənt ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmitɪŋ, meɪər sɛd hi wʊd laɪk tɪ si ˈglɛnˌdeɪl hoʊst ɪts oʊn ɪˈvɛnt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈhɪtænˌrən dɛθ əv ˌvioʊˈlɛtə læst mənθ. nid tɪ meɪk ə ˈsteɪtmənt, ðə ˈbɪziəst, ðə moʊst ˈsɛntrəl strit ɪn ˈglɛnˌdeɪl, tɪ meɪk ðɛm ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ðɪs ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ us,”*,” hi sɛd. wɪl ˌɪnˈstɪl ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈbaɪsɪkəl ənd pəˈdɛstriən safety.”*.” ðə ˈərli ˈditeɪlz ɪz ðət bi əˈlɔŋ brænd ˈbʊləˌvɑrd frəm ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə tɪ ˈbrɔdˌweɪ. jɛs, nɑt ə greɪt ˈdɪstəns. ˈprɑbəˌbli əˈbaʊt ə kˈwɔrtər maɪl ˈminɪŋ ˈivɪn ðə sloʊəst ˈsaɪkəlɪsts kʊd ˈkəvər ðə ˈɛriə ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈtɪpɪkəl kəˈmərʃəl breɪk. stɪl, ðɪs ɪz greɪt nuz ɛz ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈglɛnˌdeɪl ɪz goʊɪŋ θru ə strɔŋ kənˈstrəkʃən pʊʃ wɪθ ˈlɪtəl pleɪs tɪ pʊt ɔl ðoʊz kɑz. ˈglɛnˌdeɪl ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə bɪt əv ə blæk hoʊl fər ˈsaɪkəlɪsts. ɪt hoʊldz ðə dɪˈstɪŋkʃən ɛz ðə moʊst ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈsɪti ɪn ðə steɪt ənd ræŋk haɪ ɔn ˈnæʃənəl ʧɑrts ɛz wɛl. ˈraɪdɪŋ nɪr ðə ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈɛriə gɪvz ˈsaɪkəlɪsts ðə ˌɪmˈprɛʃən ðeɪ ər ˈsɛkənd klæs ˈsɪtɪzənz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈmuvmənt əv ðə maɪt kɑr. ðə ˈkɪkər ɪz ˈglɛnˌdeɪl kʊd bi ə strɔŋ kəˈnɛkʃən bɪtˈwin ðə ˈvæli ənd ˌpæsəˈdinər, bət ɪz rɔt wɪθ skænt baɪk ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ənd pur kəˈnɛkʃənz. ðə lɑ ˈrɪvər brɪʤ saʊnz ˈprɑməsɪŋ, ˈʃeɪvɪŋ ˈmɪnəts ɔf əv kəmˈjuts, bət frəm məˈzʊri ənˈtɪl aɪ si ˈʃəvəlz ɪn ðə graʊnd. ðə gʊd nuz ɪz ðət ðə ˈɛriə həz wɔk baɪk ˈglɛnˌdeɪl ɛz ə wɛl fɔrmd ˈbaɪsɪkəl ˈædvəkəsi grup, bət ðə ˈsɪti ɛz ə hoʊl nidz tɪ pleɪ ˈkæʧʊp. ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈglɛnˌdeɪl meɪ hɛlp ðə ˈsɪti ʧeɪnʤ səm əv ɪts ˈdubiəs ˌnoʊtərˈaɪəti.
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i’ve been meaning to write about all the untapped cycling potential in glendale for awhile, but i’m glad the city is forcing the issue for me.
in order to get ciclavia’s attention, the city will be hosting it’s own open streets event as a teaser.
arin mikailian from the the glendale news-press covered the story earlier:
at a recent council meeting, mayor zareh sinanyan said he would like to see glendale host its own ciclavia-type event following the hit-and-run death of 4-year-old violeta khachatoorians last month. “we need to make a statement, the busiest, the most central street in glendale, to make them understand that this is important to us,” he said. “it will instill the idea of bicycle and pedestrian safety.”
the early details is that it’ll be along brand boulevard from california to broadway.
yes, that’s not a great distance. probably about a quarter mile meaning even the slowest cyclists could cover the area during a typical commercial break.
still, this is great news as downtown glendale is going through a strong construction push with little place to put all those cars.
glendale is also a bit of a black hole for cyclists. it holds the distinction as the most dangerous city in the state and rank high on national charts as well. riding near the downtown area gives cyclists the impression they are second class citizens behind the movement of the might car.
the kicker is glendale could be a strong connection between the valley and pasadena, but is wrought with scant bike infrastructure and poor connections. the la river bridge sounds promising, shaving minutes off of east-west commutes, but i’m from missouri until i see shovels in the ground.
the good news is that the area has walk bike glendale as a well formed bicycle advocacy group, but the city as a whole needs to play catchup. having a glendale ciclavia may help the city change some of its dubious notoriety.
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pəˈlis proʊb ˈoʊvər ˈjuˌtub ˈpədəl ˈdraɪvər ə ˈmoʊtərɪst hu wɑz fɪlmd ˈdrɛnʧɪŋ ˈʧɪldrən æt ə bəs stɑp baɪ goʊɪŋ θru ə ˈpədəl kʊd feɪs ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən, pəˈlis sɛd təˈdeɪ. iˈmeɪl ə ˈmoʊtərɪst hu wɑz fɪlmd ˈdrɛnʧɪŋ ˈʧɪldrən æt ə bəs stɑp baɪ goʊɪŋ θru ə ˈpədəl kʊd feɪs ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən, pəˈlis sɛd təˈdeɪ. ˈkɛri ˈdraɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈplɪməθ, ˈdɛvən keɪm tɪ ðə əˈtɛnʃən əv ˈɔfɪsərz ˈæftər ə ˈmuvi klɪp wɑz ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ˈjuˌtub (si bɪˈloʊ). ðə ˈfʊtɪʤ frəm ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə kɑr ˈkæpʧərz ðə draɪv daʊn ˈwɛstən mɪl hɪl ənd θru ðə lɑrʤ ˈpədəl wɛr ðə grup ər ˈweɪtɪŋ. pəˈlis sɛd ðə hæd ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ðɛm ˌvɑlənˈtɛrəli əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɪnsədənt læst ˈθərzˌdeɪ ənd ðə ˈɛvədəns wɑz naʊ biɪŋ rivˈjud. ə meɪl vɔɪs ɪz hərd ˈkɑmɛntɪŋ ɔn ðə klɪp seɪɪŋ: "hir wi goʊ, ˈrɛdi tɪ drɛnʧ ðə kɪdz.." ənd ˈleɪtər "ðət wɑz ˈbrɪljənt! ˈɔsəm!". ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ˈdɛvən ənd ˈkɔrnwɔl pəˈlis sɛd təˈdeɪ: "wi hæd θri kəmˈpleɪnts frəm ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈpəblɪk ənd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt ə ˈwʊmən wɑz ˈɪntərvˌjud. ðə faɪl həz gɔn tɪ ðə ˈsiˌpiˈɛs fər kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən." ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv ˈkɛrlɛs ər ˈivɪn ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈdraɪvɪŋ kʊd bi brɔt fər ðɪs taɪp əv offence*, ðə fɔrs sɛd. ðə ˈspoʊksmən ˈædɪd: "ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈdraɪvɪŋ θru ˈstændɪŋ ˈwɔtər meɪ bi sin ɛz ə bɪt əv fən, pəˈtɛnʃəli ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri ˈdeɪnʤərəs. "nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪz ɪt ʃoʊɪŋ noʊ kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən tɪ ðə pəˈdɛstriənz hu meɪ gɪt ə ˈsoʊkɪŋ, bət ɪt kʊd rɪˈzəlt ɪn ðə ˈdraɪvər ˈluzɪŋ kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈviɪkəl du tɪ ðə fɔrs əv ðə ˈwɔtər sˈnæʧɪŋ ðə wil frəm ðə hænz, ər baɪ ðə ˈviɪkəl aquaplaning*." həz kleɪmd ðə ˈʧɪldrən æst tɪ bi splæʃt ənd wʊd nɑt hæv dən ɪt ˈəðərˌwaɪz. ʃi toʊld ðə ˈdeɪli meɪl: "ðə fən ˈfæktər ɪz ˈmoʊstli gɔn frəm laɪf ðiz deɪz bət ðeɪ wər pleɪɪŋ ɪn ˈpədəlz, laɪk kɪdz ˈɔlˌweɪz hæv dən. "ɪf ðə kɪdz wərənt seɪɪŋ 'splæʃ mi, splæʃ mi', aɪ ˈsərtənli ˈwʊdənt hæv dən ɪt. əm nɑt ə ˈsɪˌriəl splasher*." ðə fɔrs sɛd ðə ˈʧɪldrənz ˈpɑsəbəl əˈgrimənt tɪ ðə stənt wʊd meɪk noʊ ˈdɪfərəns tɪ haʊ ðə ˈstændərd əv ˈdraɪvɪŋ wɑz ʤəʤd. ə ˈmoʊtərɪst frəm ˈsəmərˌsɛt hu soʊkt ə ˈwərkmən baɪ ˈdraɪvɪŋ θru ə ˈpədəl wɑz ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪd ɪn 2005 hi wɑz faɪnd ənd ˈgɪvɪn θri ˈpɛnəlti pɔɪnts baɪ ˈmæʤɪˌstreɪts ɪn ˈæftər hi ədˈmɪtəd ˈdraɪvɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt du kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən. ˈbɛlˌfæst ˈtɛləˌgræf
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police probe over youtube puddle driver belfasttelegraph.co.uk a motorist who was filmed drenching children at a bus stop by going through a puddle could face prosecution, police said today. https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/police-probe-over-youtube-puddle-driver-28499179.html
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a motorist who was filmed drenching children at a bus stop by going through a puddle could face prosecution, police said today.
kerry callard's driving in plymouth, devon came to the attention of officers after a 30-second movie clip was posted on youtube (see below).
the footage from inside the car captures the drive down weston mill hill and through the large puddle where the group are waiting.
police said the 29-year-old had contacted them voluntarily about the incident last thursday and the evidence was now being reviewed.
a male voice is heard commenting on the clip saying: "here we go, ready to drench the kids.." and later "that was brilliant! awesome!".
a spokesman for devon and cornwall police said today: "we had three complaints from members of the public and as a result a 29-year-old woman was interviewed. the file has gone to the cps for consideration."
charges of careless or even dangerous driving could be brought for this type of offence, the force said.
the spokesman added: "although driving through standing water may be seen as a bit of fun, potentially it is very dangerous.
"not only is it showing no consideration to the pedestrians who may get a soaking, but it could result in the driver losing control of the vehicle due to the force of the water snatching the wheel from the hands, or by the vehicle aquaplaning."
callard has claimed the children asked to be splashed and would not have done it otherwise.
she told the daily mail: "the fun factor is mostly gone from life these days but they were playing in puddles, like kids always have done.
"if the kids weren't saying 'splash me, splash me', i certainly wouldn't have done it. i'm not a serial splasher."
the force said the children's possible agreement to the stunt would make no difference to how the standard of driving was judged.
a motorist from somerset who soaked a workman by driving through a puddle was prosecuted in 2005. he was fined £150 and given three penalty points by magistrates in yeovil after he admitted driving without due consideration.
belfast telegraph
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ju noʊ jʊr ˈneɪʃən ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ɛz ə tɛk ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən həb wɪn ˈsɪləkən ˈvæli ˈkəmpəˌniz baɪ jʊr ˈhoʊmˌgroʊn ˈstɑrˌtəps fər ə ˈhɛfti praɪs tæg. soʊ ɪt wɑz ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri wɪn fitbit*, ðə ˈfɪtnəs ˈtrækər ˈmeɪkər, əkˈwaɪərd ˈvɛktər ə ˈmeɪkər ˈfaʊndɪd ɪn 2013 ðət lɔnʧt ɪts ˈprɑdəkts tu jɪrz ˈleɪtər fər 15 ˈmɪljən. ɪn bərˈlɪn, ˈpɛrɪs ənd ˈləndən, səʧ nuz wʊd ˈbɛrli meɪk ˈʤərnəlɪsts breɪk ə swɛt, bət wɪn ðə ˈkəntri ɪn kˈwɛʃən wɑz roʊˈmeɪniə, ˈpipəl sæt əp ənd tʊk ˈnoʊtɪs. ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn ˈbukəˌrɛst, ˈvɛktər juzd ˈloʊkəl ˈtælənt tɪ dɪˈzaɪn ənd meɪk ɪts smartwatches*, ðɛn ˈoʊpənd ə ˈləndən ˈɔfəs ə ˈtæktɪk ðət ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ˈsɛntrəl ənd ˈistərn ˌjʊrəˈpiən companies’*’ ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti (ənd ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti). maɪk ˈbʊʧər, editor-at-large*, sɛd: ““unfortunately*, ˈgɪtɪŋ ə kɔl frəm ˈsəmˌwən huz ɪz ɪn bəlˈgɛriə ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ˌɪnˈspaɪr ˈkɑnfədɛns, bət ɪf ju gɪt ə kɔl frəm ˈsəmˌwən ɪn ˈləndən ˈɔfərɪŋ ə [tɛk] səˈluʃən, ju wɪl ˈnɛvər know.”*.” ˈriʤənəl ˈsɛntərz ðət meɪd ɪt ˈɪntu ðə ˈleɪtəst ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈsɪti ˈɪndɛks fər ˈstɑrˈtəps ˌɪnˈklud (æt ˈnəmbər 18 ɪn ðə tɔp 60 ˈbudəˌpɛʃt 33 prɑg 37 ˈwɔrˌsɔ 38 ənd 41 ˈɪmɪʤ: ˈəðər ˈgloʊbəl brændz ðət wər dɪˈvɛləpt ɪn ðə ˈriʤən ˌɪnˈklud skaɪp ənd (ɪn ɛˈstoʊniə), ənd (beɪst ɪn ðə ʧɛk riˈpəblɪk). ə ˈkɑmən ˈfiʧər əv ðiz ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪz ðət ðeɪ dɪˈvɛləp smɑrt ˈfiʧərz ðət ˈbɪgər fərmz wɔnt. ɪn keɪs, ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈklɛvər dɪˈzaɪnz ənd ə ˈbætəri laɪf. ˈbʊʧər pʊts ðɪs daʊn tɪ wət hi kɔld ə ˈkəlʧər əv innovation”*”. ðiz ˈkəntriz, hi sɛd, gɑt lɑts əv ˈæˌsɛts tɪ bərn, soʊ ðeɪ bɪld θɪŋz efficiently”*”. ə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən ˈsætəˌlaɪts hæv ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðeɪ hæv ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ lip tɪ ðə nɛkst ˈlɛvəl: ɪˈkɑnəmiz ˈdrɪvən baɪ ˈbɪznɪsɪz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər, ˈmaɪnɪŋ ənd ˈhɛvi ˈɪndəstri. ˈbʊʧər sɛd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm, wɪʧ ʧeɪnʤd much”*” stɪl ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn ““maths*, ˈsaɪənsɪz ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ənd ʧərnz aʊt ɔl ðiz engineers”*”. ɛz kəmˈpjutər ˈwikli ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn 2014 dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃɪz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪn ðə ʃɪr ˈnəmbər əv ɪt ˈgræʤəˌweɪts, huz ˈnəmbərz əˈmaʊnt tɪ ə year.”*.” drɔn baɪ ðɪs talent-pool*, ˈpraɪvət ˈɛkwəti ənd ˈvɛnʧər ˈkæpɪtəl ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ˈɪntu ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪn ˈsɛntrəl ənd ˈistərn ˈjʊrəp riʧt ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈbɪljən ˈbɪljən) ɪn 2016 ðə haɪəst əˈmaʊnt sɪns 2009 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈdætə frəm ˌɪnˈvɛst ˈjʊrəp. ˈɪmɪʤ: ˌɪnˈvɛst ˈjʊrəp ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈkæpɪtəl læst jɪr wɑz ˈmoʊstli ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈpoʊlənd, ðə ʧɛk riˈpəblɪk, ˌlɪθəˈweɪniə, roʊˈmeɪniə ənd ˈhəŋgəri, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsɛntrəl ənd ˈistərn ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpraɪvət ˈɛkwəti stəˈtɪstɪks 2016 rɪˈpɔrt, ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ˈɔgəst. kənˈsumər gʊdz ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz wɑz ðə moʊst ˈtɑrgətɪd ˈsɛktər, əˈtræktɪŋ 23 əv ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈvælju, bət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən tɛkˈnɑləʤi wɑz ə kloʊz ˈsɛkənd wɪθ 22 wən θɪŋ ðət həz kənˈstreɪnd ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈriʤən ɪz ðə haɪ ˈnəmbər əv ˈɛntɪtiz, bət ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv nu, mɔr ˈnɪmbəl ˈbɪznɪs ˈmɑdəlz həz ˈoʊpənd əp ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˌɑntrəprəˈnərz tɪ stɑrt ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd bɪld ˈprɑdəkts ˈaʊtˈsaɪd trəˈdɪʃənəl oligarchies*. ðɪs ɪn tərn həz əˈtræktəd ðoʊz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn ðə ˈriʤən. ˈgəvərnmənts, səʧ ɛz ˈhəŋgəri ənd ˈpoʊlənd, hæv ˈæktɪvli səˈpɔrtɪd ðə groʊθ əv ˈstɑrˈtəps baɪ ˈsɛtɪŋ əp ˈspɛʃəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk zoʊnz, wɪʧ gɪv ˌɪnˈvɛstərz tæks breɪks ənd ˈəðər ˈbɛnəfɪts. ðeɪ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd ɪn ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ˈnidɪd tɪ səˈpɔrt tɛkˈnɑləʤi. ɛz ˈbʊʧər sɛd, ˈmɛni əv ðiz ˈkəntriz hæv ˈɪntərˌnɛt spidz ðət wʊd bi ðə ˈɛnvi əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd ðə rɛst əv ˈjʊrəp. ˈpoʊlənd, ˈminˌwaɪl, læst jɪr əˈnaʊnst plænz tɪ tərn ɪts ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ˈɪntu ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən həbz, ɪn məʧ ðə seɪm weɪ ˌjunəˈvərsətiz hæv, tɪ kriˈeɪt ənd spɪn aʊt nu ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd ˌɪnˈvɛnʃənz. rɪsks ɪn ðə ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs, ðɛr ər saɪnz əv rɪsks ˈbɪldɪŋ əp. wən ɪz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd əv ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈwərkərz: ˈmɛni əv ðə ˌməltiˈlɪŋwəl ˈgræʤəˌweɪts wɪl sik kərɪrz ɪn ˈwɛstərn ˈjʊrəp ənd ðə ˈjuˈɛs. ˈəðərz rɪsks ər ənˈrɛst ɪn ðə ˈriʤən, ɪgˈzɛmpləˌfaɪd baɪ ðə kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ˈkɑnflɪkt bɪtˈwin ˈrəʃə ənd juˈkreɪn, ənd ˈgəvərnmənts ðət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz dɪˈmænd haɪər ˈtæksɪz frəm ˈfɔrən ˈɛntɪtiz, wɪʧ meɪ dɪˈtər ˌɪnˈvɛstərz. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, səm əv ðə seɪm loʊˈkeɪʃənz ðət dɪd wɛl ɪn ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈsɪti mæp fər ˈstɑrˈtəps du lɛs wɛl wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈreɪzɪŋ fəndz fər ˈskeɪlɪŋ əp, pərˈhæps ˈpɔɪntɪŋ tɪ ə læk əv ˈmɑrkətɪŋ, pərˈmoʊʃən ənd seɪlz skɪlz. ðə kən bi sin baɪ ðə bɪg ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈriʤən. ˈgugəl, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈoʊpənd ə ˈkæmpəs ɪn ˈwɔrˌsɔ ɪn 2014 wɪʧ ɪt sɔ ɛz ə weɪ tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ə ˈræliɪŋ pɔɪnt fər ˌɑntrəprəˈnərz ənd tɛk ˈtælənt ɪn ðə ˈwaɪdər ˈriʤən. ðət seɪm jɪr, ˈgugəl lɔnʧt ðə nu ˈjʊrəp 100 ə ˈjɪrli ˈræŋkɪŋ əv ˈsɛntrəl ənd ˈistərn ˈbraɪtəst ˈtælənt, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðoʊz ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ər ˈbɪznɪsɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə səˈsaɪɪtiz, ˈpɑləˌtɪks ənd ˈbɪznɪs ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts θru ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən, ˌɛntrəprəˌnuˈriəˌlɪzəm ənd frɛʃ əˈproʊʧɪz tɪ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈprɑbləmz. sˈloʊvɑˌkiən flaɪɪŋ kɑr ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz wən əv ˈsɛntrəl ənd ˈistərn ˈhɑtəst tɛk ˈprɑspɛkts ˈɪmɪʤ:
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you know your nation is making it as a tech innovation hub when silicon valley companies buy your home-grown startups for a hefty price tag.
so it was in january when fitbit, the us-based fitness tracker maker, acquired vector a smartwatch maker founded in 2013 that launched its products two years later for $15 million.
in berlin, paris and london, such news would barely make journalists break a sweat, but when the country in question was romania, people sat up and took notice.
started in bucharest, vector used local talent to design and make its smartwatches, then opened a london office a tactic that increases central and eastern european companies’ visibility (and credibility).
mike butcher, techcrunch’s editor-at-large, said: “unfortunately, getting a call from someone whose hq is in bulgaria doesn’t necessarily inspire confidence, but if you get a call from someone in london offering a [tech] solution, you will never know.”
regional centres that made it into the latest european digital city index for start-ups include tallinn (at number 18 in the top 60), budapest (33), prague (37), warsaw (38) and bratislava (41).
image: edci
other global brands that were developed in the region include skype and transferwise (in estonia), and avast (based in the czech republic).
a common feature of these companies is that they develop smart features that bigger firms want. in vector’s case, this included clever designs and a 30-day battery life. butcher puts this down to what he called a “slight culture of innovation”. these countries, he said, “haven’t got lots of assets to burn, so they build things efficiently”.
a digital revolution
the former soviet union satellites have realized they have the potential to leap to the next level: economies driven by knowledge-based businesses instead of agriculture, mining and heavy industry.
butcher said “the post-soviet education system, which hasn’t changed much” still focuses on “maths, sciences and engineering and churns out all these engineers”. as computer weekly reported in 2014: “poland distinguishes itself in the sheer number of it graduates, whose numbers amount to 40,000 a year.”
drawn by this talent-pool, private equity and venture capital investments into companies in central and eastern europe reached almost €1.6 billion (us$1.8 billion) in 2016 — the highest amount since 2009 — according to data from invest europe.
image: invest europe
investment capital last year was mostly focused on poland, the czech republic, lithuania, romania and hungary, according to the central and eastern european private equity statistics 2016 report, published in august. consumer goods and services was the most targeted sector, attracting 23% of the investment value, but information and communication technology was a close second with 22%.
one thing that has constrained investing in the region is the high number of state-owned entities, but the creation of new, more nimble business models has opened up opportunities for entrepreneurs to start companies and build products outside traditional oligarchies. this in turn has attracted those willing to invest in the region.
governments, such as hungary and poland, have actively supported the growth of start-ups by setting up special economic zones, which give investors tax breaks and other benefits. they have also invested in infrastructure needed to support technology. as butcher said, many of these countries have internet speeds that would be the envy of the us and the rest of europe.
poland, meanwhile, last year announced plans to turn its universities into innovation hubs, in much the same way uk universities have, to create and spin out new companies and inventions.
risks in the ecosystem
despite this, there are signs of risks building up. one is the potential downside of educating highly-skilled workers: many of the region’s multilingual graduates will seek higher-paying careers in western europe and the us.
others risks are unrest in the region, exemplified by the continuing conflict between russia and ukraine, and governments that sometimes demand higher taxes from foreign entities, which may deter investors.
furthermore, some of the same locations that did well in the european digital city map for start-ups do less well when it comes to raising funds for scaling up, perhaps pointing to a lack of marketing, promotion and sales skills.
the flipside can be seen by the big companies moving into the region. google, for example, opened a campus in warsaw in 2014, which it saw as a way to develop a rallying point for entrepreneurs and tech talent in the wider region.
that same year, google launched the new europe 100, a yearly ranking of central and eastern europe’s brightest talent, as well as those individuals or businesses trying to change the region’s societies, politics and business environments through innovation, entrepreneurialism and fresh approaches to existing problems.
slovakian flying car company aeromobil is one of central and eastern europe’s hottest tech prospects image: aeromobil
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““there* ər ə lɔt əv streɪnʤ mɛn ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ˈmɛdəsən ðiz əˈbɑmənəbəl ˈdɑktər. dɪˈrɛktɪd baɪ: ˈfiʧərɪŋ: ˈpitər ˈʤɛfri, vərˈʤɪnjə nɔrθ, terry-thomas*, ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs əv ˈkɛrəˌlaɪn mənˈroʊ plɑt: ˈdɑktər. ɪz ən ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ərˈɪstəˌkræt hu həz swɔrn ə kæmˈpeɪn əv riˈvɛnʤ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈdɑktərz hi hoʊldz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər hɪz dɛθ ɔn ðə ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈteɪbəl. ɪn hɪz ˈdaʊnˌtaɪm, hi ˈlɪsənz tɪ hɪz ɔˈtɑməˌtɑn ˈɔrkəstrə ɪn hɪz bɪˈzɑr ɑrt ˈdɛkoʊ lɛr ənd ˈsteɪʤɪz dæns ˈnəmbərz wɪθ hɪz ˈbjutəfəl mjut əˈsɪstənt. ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈgrusəm ənd bɪˈzɑr ˈmərdərz, θimd ˈæftər ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈbɪblɪkəl pleɪgz, əˈtrækts ðə əˈtɛnʃən əv ˈskɑtlənd jɑrd, hu straɪv tɪ pʊt təˈgɛðər ðə ˈpəzəl ənd stɑp. ˈbækˌgraʊnd: ðə tɛn ˈbɪblɪkəl pleɪgz əv ˈiʤɪpt ˈlɪstɪd ɪn ˈɛksədəs wər (ɪn ˈɔrdər) bləd, frɑgz, næts (ər laɪs), flaɪz, ˈkætəl, bɔɪlz, heɪl, ˈloʊkəsts, ˈdɑrknəs, ənd ðə ˈfərstˈbɔrn. rɪˈpleɪsɪz næts ənd flaɪz wɪθ bæts ənd ræts. ˈskrinˌraɪtər ˈwɪljəm ˈgoʊldˌstin (nɑt tɪ bi kənfˈjuzd wɪθ ðə mɔr ˈfeɪməs ˈwɪljəm ˈgoʊldmən) həz ʤɪst θri ˈskrinˌraɪtɪŋ ˈkrɛdɪts ɔn hɪz peɪʤ: ðɪs ˈmuvi, ðɪs ˌmɪsbəˈgɑtən ˈsikwəl ˈdɑktər. ˈraɪzɪz əˈgɛn, ənd ðə əˈmeɪzɪŋ 1976 əˈbaʊt ə tim əv dɔgz treɪnd tɪ θwɔrt ən ˈɑrmərd kɑr haɪst. hɪz ʃɔrt, jɛt kˈwərki, kərɪr ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludz ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈsikwəlz tɪ. tɪ. ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈmuvi ˈpoʊstər wɑz ə kəˈlɑʒ əv bæd ˈʤəʤmənts. ɪt spɔɪlz ˈdɑktər. phibes’*’ dɪsˈfɪgjərd feɪs, wɪʧ wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ə səˈpraɪz nɪr ðə ˈɛndɪŋ; ɪt ˌɪmˈplaɪz ə ˈroʊmæns bɪtˈwin ənd hɪz əˈsɪstənt ðət ˈnɛvər ˈhæpənz; ənd ðə ˈtæˌglaɪn minz ˈnɛvər ˈhævɪŋ tɪ seɪ ugly,”*,” ə ˈpɛrədi əv ləv ˈstɔri, sɛt əp ˈɔdiənsəz tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ə roʊˈmæntɪk ðɛr ˈdaʊtləs bɪˈwɪldərmənt. fɪts ðə dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ðə ˈrɛrli əˈpriʃiˌeɪtɪd ˈʒɑnrə noʊn ɛz ˈdizəl pəŋk. sɛt ɪn ðə ˈərli ˈdɛkeɪdz əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri ənd ˈfiʧərz ə ˈhaɪli ˈspɛkjələtɪv ˈsɪriz əv plɑt dɪˈvaɪsɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ tɛkˈnɑləʤi ðət wʊd æt list hæv bɪn ˈkətɪŋ ɛʤ fər ðə taɪm. ˈɔlsoʊ ə mˈjuziəm əv ɑrt ˈdɛkoʊ staɪlz. ɪn ðɪs jɪr əv 1971 səm əv ðə sinz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈænəməlz kəm ɔf tu wɛl. ðə bæts sin wɑz dən wɪθ ˈhɑrmləs frut bæts, hu ˈkədəl əp ɔn ðə bɛd waɪl səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ˈmɛnəsɪŋ. ðə ˈleɪtər ræts ɪn ðə ˈkɑkˌpɪt wər ˈikwəli ˌənkənˈvɪnsɪŋ ɛz ə θrɛt. ˌɪnˈdɛlɪbəl ˈɪmɪʤ: wi gɪv ðə əˈblɪgəˌtɔri dɪˈskleɪmər ðət wi hæv ə ˈməltəˌtud əv sinz tɪ ʧuz frəm. əv ɔl ðə ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt dɛθs, ðə æmˈfɪbiən dɛθ mæsk stændz tɔl ɛz ðə ˈsɪgnəʧər ˈmoʊmənt. wən əv ˈdɑktər. phibes’*’ ˈvɪktɪmz əˈtɛndz ə ˈkɑstum ˈpɑrti wɪθ ə hɛd mæsk səˈplaɪd baɪ hɪmˈsɛlf. ðə mæsk ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ sˈloʊli krəʃ ðə hɛd. ɛz ˈdɑktər. ˈhɑrˌgreɪvz fɔlz ˈdaʊnˈstɛrz ənd ðə mæsk skˈwizɪz ðə læst drɑps əv bləd frəm hɪz hɛd, ðə ˈpɑrti mˈjuzɪk pleɪz ɔn ənd ə kraʊd əv gɛsts lʊk daʊn. ðə sin straɪks ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt noʊt bɪtˈwin ðə groʊˈtɛsk ənd ðə ˈkæmpi, ənd əˈpɑn ðət noʊt ðə θim əv ðɪs ˈmuvi pleɪz. θri wɪrd θɪŋz: swɪŋ bænd; ˈjunɪˌkɔrn; ˈbrəsəlz spraʊt ˈloʊkəst beɪt. wət meɪks ɪt wɪrd: ˈdɑktər. ɪz ðə ˈkɛrɪktər ˈvɪnsɪnt praɪs wɑz bɔrn tɪ pleɪ. wət mɔr nid wi seɪ? tɛn taɪmz ˈlɑrʤər ðən laɪf, ˈdɑktər. ɪz ə dɪʃ əv hæm ənd ʧiz, ə pəlp ˈvɪlən sprəŋ hoʊl frəm ðə ˈpeɪʤɪz əv ˈvɪntɪʤ ˈhɔrər ˈkɑmɪks. ðə ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ˈmərdər plɑts əv hɪz bɛnt ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən fɪt ˈpərfəktli ˈɪntu ðɪs ˈkæmpi ɑrt ˈjunəˌvərs laɪk ə rɛr ˈsæfaɪər ɔn ə ˌfæbərˈʤeɪ ɛg. ərˈɪʤənəl ˈtreɪlər fər ðə əˈbɑmənəbəl ˈdɑktər. ˈkɑmɛnts: ðə əˈbɑmənəbəl ˈdɑktər. ˈoʊpənz wɪθ ɑr ˈtaɪtəl ˈkɛrɪktər (ˈvɪnsɪnt praɪs) ˈraɪzɪŋ frəm ðə flɔr ɔn ə ˈmoʊbəl paɪp ˈɔrgən, ˈθəmpɪŋ aʊt mɑrʧ əv ðə priests.”*.” ɪt tərnz aʊt hi əmˈjuzɪz hɪmˈsɛlf ˈðəsli ɪn hɪz ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ˈɔrkəstrə ˈʧeɪmbər baɪ kənˈdəktɪŋ ““dr*. ˈklɑkˌwərk wizards,”*,” ə bænd əv mjuˈzɪʃənz, ənd ˈfrɑlɪkɪŋ ɪn ə dæns wɪθ hɪz mjut gərl ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, (vərˈʤɪnjə nɔrθ). soʊ haʊ du ju spɛnd jʊr fri taɪm, pleɪɪŋ ˈkændi krəʃ? haʊ unoriginal*. ˈdɑktər. dɪz θɪŋz ˈoʊnli wən weɪ: ˈoʊvər ðə tɔp!!! soʊ ɛˈnæmərd wɪθ hɪz oʊn ðət hi ˌɪnˈkludz hɪz oʊn feɪs ɛz ə ˈloʊgoʊ ɔn ˈvɛriəs pɑrts əv hɪz fəˈsɑd ənd ɔn ðə ˈwɪndoʊz əv hɪz kɑr. ɪt ɔl fən ənd geɪmz ɪn phibes’*’ laɪf, ˌhaʊˈɛvər. hɪz waɪf ˈtræʤɪkli daɪd ɔn ðə ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈteɪbəl, ənd aʊt fər riˈvɛnʤ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈdɑktərz hu wər ˈprɛzənt. soʊ wət, hi ˈlɔjərz əp ənd suz fər mælˈpræktɪs? haʊ unoriginal*. ˈdɑktər. həz kənˈtraɪvd ə ˈsɪriz əv dɛθs θimd ˈlusli ˈæftər ðə tɛn pleɪgz əv ˈiʤɪpt ɪn ðə oʊld ˈtɛstəmənt ənd quran*, tɪ sərv ɛz ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪz əv dɪˈmaɪz fər iʧ əv ðə ənˈwɪtɪŋ ˈmɛdɪkəl prəˈfɛʃənəlz. ðəs, ɑr hoʊl ˈstɔri ɪz ə ˈsɪriz əv ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli bɪˈzɑr ˈmərdərz wɪʧ stɑrt wɪθ ə keɪʤ fʊl əv bæts lust ɪn ðə fərst ˈbɛˌdrum, waɪl ˈskɑtlənd jɑrd ˈstrəgəlz tɪ kip əp wɪθ ɪm. ə dæm streɪnʤ business!”*!” wi fərst hir frəm ˌɪnˈspɛktər traʊt (ˈpitər ˈʤɛfri). faɪn ˈpɑrti, what?”*?” ˈkɑmɛnts ˈdɑktər. ˈhɑrˌgreɪvz raɪt ˌbiˈfɔr stræpt ˈɪntu hɪz hɛd mæsk əv dɛθ. ðə hoʊl səˈpɔrtɪŋ kæst ər səʧ ˈkɛrɪkəˌʧərz əv ˈstəfi ˈləndən ˈkəlʧər ðət ðə ˈmuvi maɪt ɛz wɛl bi ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈmɪnstrəl ʃoʊ. əv kɔrs, hɪmˈsɛlf ɪz ˈmɪsɪŋ ənd prɪˈzumd dɛd frəm ən ˈɔtoʊ ˈæksədənt ˌɪnˈkərd ɛz hi reɪst tɪ hɪz saɪd, soʊ nɑt ɪnˈtaɪərli ðə fɔlt ðət sloʊ tɪ pis θɪŋz təˈgɛðər., ɪt tərnz aʊt, wɑz ˈoʊnli ˈhɔrəbli dɪsˈfɪgjərd ɪn ðə kɑr kræʃ. hi lɔst hɪz vɔɪs, tu, soʊ hi həz tɪ spik baɪ ˈwaɪrɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf ˈɪntu ə ʤaɪənt victrola*, ənd hi wɛrz ə mæsk ənd ə wɪg ðət ˈoʊnli ˈmænɪʤɪz tɪ meɪk ɪm lʊk hung-over*. ənd soʊ wi goʊ ɔn θru ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈvɪktɪmz əv ðə əˈbɑmənəbəl ˈdɑktər., frəm bi stɪŋz tɪ ðə ˈdreɪnɪŋ əv bləd tɪ baɪ ˈjunɪˌkɔrn hɔrn. ˈæftər iʧ ˈvɪktɪm,, ɪn hɪz ˈpæʃən, əˈdɔrnz ə wæks ˈfɪgjər əv ðə hɛd wɪθ ə ˈhibru ˈæmjələt ənd ˈbloʊˌtɔrʧəz ɪts ˈfiʧərz əˈweɪ. hi ˌɪnədˈvərtəntli drɑps wən əv ðiz ˈtrɪŋkəts æt ðə sin əv wən ˈmərdər, wɪʧ bɪˈkəmz ðə fərst klu. ðeɪ kənˈfər wɪθ ə ˈræˌbaɪ ənd kənˈfərm ðə əv egypt”*” ˈpætərn., huz ˈwɔrˌdroʊb ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wɪθ ˈɛvəri ʃɑt, əˈsɪsts ɪn moʊst sinz; wɪn nɑt ˈnidɪd, ʃi prəˈvaɪdz ˈætməsˌfɪr pleɪɪŋ ə vaɪəˈlɪn. ðə ˈdɔktər ˈvɪktɪmz hæv ðɛr oʊn ˌɛksɛnˈtrɪsɪtiz, səʧ ɛz vjuɪŋ stæg fɪlmz əv ɪgˈzɑtɪk gərlz, ər pleɪɪŋ wɪθ ˈmɑdəl treɪnz. ðɪs ɪz ɔl pʊld ɔf wɪθ ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈdɛdˌpæn dɪˈlɪvəri ðət ˈoʊnli ðə pəlp ˈhɔrər ˈjunəˌvərs kən dɪˈlɪvər. wi du nɑt hir ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈətərəns əv ˈdɑktər. ənˈtɪl mɔr ðən hæf ən aʊər ɪn, wɪn hi pləgz hɪmˈsɛlf ˈɪntu hɪz ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈsɪstəm tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv hɪz dɪˈpɑrtɪd waɪf æt ðə ʃraɪn bɪlt fər hər. ɛz bɪˈzɑr ə sin ɛz kəm tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt baɪ ðɛn, wɪθ praɪs tɪ hɪz oʊn ˈvɔɪˌsoʊvər ˈdaɪəlɔg, ʤɪst ˈædɪŋ jɛt əˈnəðər sərˈil leɪər tɪ ðɪs əv ˈwɪmsi. ənd ðət dɑrk ˈwɪmsi kips raɪt əp ənˈtɪl ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈʃoʊˌdaʊn, ən ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt træp ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ə sən. ðɪs bɔɪ həz hæd ə ki ˈsərʤɪkəli ˌɪmˈplæntɪd nɪr hɪz hɑrt, ənd hɪz ˈfɑðər ɪz ˈʧælənʤd wɪθ riˈtrivɪŋ ɪt ɛz hɪz sən ɪz stræpt tɪ ə ˈgərni ˈəndər ə ˈtaɪmər ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm ðət wɪl riˈlis ən ˈæsəd spreɪ ɔn hɪz ɪm ɛz ˈdɑktər. hɪmˈsɛlf ɪz dɪsˈfɪgjərd. ðə əˈbɑmənəbəl ˈdɑktər. ɪz wən ˈmuvi wɛr ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi kɛrz binz əˈbaʊt plɑt ˈlɑʤɪk ər səˈspɛnʃən əv ˌdɪsbɪˈlif, ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ɪt kips dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ wən aʊˈtlændɪʃ sin ˈæftər əˈnəðər. wi ˈjuʒəwəli si ˈoʊnli ðə ˈsɛˌtəp ənd ðɛn ðə ˈæftərˌmæθ əv iʧ ˈkɪlɪŋ, spɛrd ðə gɔr ənd kənˈvinjəntli ˈsaɪdˌstɛpɪŋ səm əv ðə ˈlɑʤɪk. lɛft tɪ əˈsum ðət ðə ˈdɔktər ˈfroʊzən əˈlaɪv ɪn hɪz kɑr wɑz tu ˌɪnˈtrigd baɪ ðə əˈkəmpəniɪŋ mˈjuzɪkəl bɑks tɪ ˈsɪmpli du ˈsəmθɪŋ soʊ ɛz ʤəmp aʊt əv hɪz kɑr ənd rən əˈweɪ wɪˈθaʊt biɪŋ ɪkˈskjuzd. ˈnɛvər maɪnd ðə ˈmərdərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈænəməlz; ˈloʊkəsts ənd bæts oʊˈbeɪ ˈdɑktər. phibes’*’ wɪm bɪˈkəz hɪz fɔrs əv ˌpərsəˈnælɪti ɪz ʤɪst ðət strɔŋ. ˈmɛni rivˈjuərz hæv ˈnoʊtɪst ðə ˈɑbviəs ˈɪnfluəns ðɪs fɪlm həz ɔn ˈleɪtər wərks ɪn ðə ˈkɪlər ˈʒɑnrə, əˈspɛʃəli ðə kaɪnd dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ wən ˈvɪlən proʊˈtægənəst. ˈdɑktər. ˈhænɪbəl ˈlɛktər frəm ˈsaɪləns əv ðə læmz, ʤɑn doʊ frəm se7en*, ənd əˈspɛʃəli ˈʤɪgˌsɔ frəm ðə sɔ ˈfrænˌʧaɪz ɔl oʊ ə dɛt tɪ: ˈstaɪlɪʃ, flæmˈbɔɪənt ˈvɪlənz wɪθ ðɛr oʊn skeɪl əv ˌmɔˈræləˌti ðət draɪvz ðɛm tɪ kəˈmɪt ˈgrusəm ˈmərdərz ɪn ðə neɪm əv əˈvɛnʤɪŋ ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪtɪd slaɪts. bət ˈdɑktər. ˈdɛfənətli dɪd ɪt wɪθ ə staɪl ənd sɛns əv ˈhjumər ɔl ɪts oʊn, ənd kəmz ˈɪntu ɪts ˈwɪrdnəs wɪˈθaʊt ˈstreɪnɪŋ ɪn ðə sˈlaɪtəst, θæŋks tɪ ɪts əˈbəndənt ənd ənˈfɛtərd ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən. ˈæftərwərdz, wi ər nɑt ɛnˈrɪʧt ər ˌɛnˈlaɪtənd, nɑt bɪˈhoʊldən tɪ ˈɛni ˈmɔrəl. bət hæv wi ˈɛvər bɪn mægˈnɪfəsəntli ˌɛnərˈteɪnd baɪ ðɪs fist əv hæm! wət ðə ˈkrɪtɪks seɪ: ˈpɪriəd ˈhɔrər mˈjuzɪkəl kæmp ˈfænəsi ɪz ə fɛr dɪˈskrɪpʃən, ˈloʊdɪd wɪθ kəˈmidɪk gɔr əv ðə taɪp ðət pæks ˈθiətərz ənd draɪvz ʧaɪld saɪˈkɑləʤəsts əp ðə (kənˌtɛmpərˈeɪniəs) dɪˈlaɪtfəli ˈgufi ˈhɔrər film…*… kɛpt æt ə sˈnæpi peɪs baɪ ‘‘avengers’*’ dɪˈrɛktər ˈrɑbərt ənd ˈgɪvɪn ə bɪˈzɑr ɑrt ˈdɛkoʊ lʊk baɪ ɑrt dɪˈrɛktər ˈbərnərd rivz ənd sɛt dɪˈzaɪnər braɪən gaɪd ɑd fɪlm ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈgufi ɪˈnəf tɪ bi ˈlæfəbəl, bət nɑt kwaɪt. ðə ˈmərdər ˈmɪstəri pɑrt kwaɪt kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ɪˈnəf tɪ hoʊld ɑr ˈɪntəˌrɛst, ənd phibes’*’ ˈwæki, bət ˈpeɪnfəli sinz ər ʤɪst ə bɪt tu dəl tɪ ˈmæksəˌmaɪz ðə kæmp ˈwɛbstər, ðə əˈpɑloʊ ˈmuvi gaɪd (ˌdiˌviˈdi) lɪŋk: ðə əˈbɑmənəbəl ˈdɑktər. 1971 ˈəðər lɪŋks əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst: ðə əˈbɑmənəbəl ˈdɑktər. 1971 ˈoʊvərvˌju ˈtərnər ˈklæsɪk movies’*’ peɪʤ hoʊsts fɔr fɪlm klɪps ənd ən ˈɛˌseɪ baɪ ˈɛrɪk ˈwɛbər 19 θɪŋz ju ˈnɛvər nu əˈbaʊt ðə əˈbɑmənəbəl ˈdɑktər ˈtrɪviə ˈaɪtəmz frəm ə praɪs ˈskɑlər ðə əˈbɑmənəbəl ˈdɑktər. (fɪlm) ðə ˈkæmpi, ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl ˈɔfərz ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ə wɛlθ əv tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ðə əˈbɑmənəbəl ˈdɑktər. ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk ˈɪnfluəns fɪlm æˈnælɪsɪs nɪks fears’*’ ˈvɪdioʊ ˌrivˈju ˈhaɪˌlaɪts phibes‘*‘ ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz ɔn ˈleɪtər ˈhɔrər fɪlmz laɪk se7en*, ˈfænəm əv ðə ˈpɛrəˌdaɪs, ənd ðə sɔ ˈfrænˌʧaɪz. ˈbɔrdərˌlaɪn wɪrd: ðə əˈbɑmənəbəl ˈdɑktər. 1971 ðɪs ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌrivˈju əv pit ˈboʊnəs ˈvɪnsɪnt praɪs ˈtrɪviə ˈsɛkʃən: praɪs ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪd ðə ˈvɪlən ˈɛˌghɛd ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈbætˌmæn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈsɪriz. ðə fækt ðət ˈdɑktər. ˈmænɪʤɪz tɪ ə ˈvɪlən kriˈeɪtɪd fər ðə noʊˈtɔriəsli ““batman”*” ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈjunəˌvərs ɪz ə fit ɪn ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ə ˈmæstər əv məˈkɑbər ˈhjumər, ˈvɪnsɪnt praɪs wəns geɪv ə ˈrɛsəpi fər tɪ kʊk ə smɔl boy.”*.” ˈvɪnsɪnt praɪs roʊt ə bʊk əˈbaʊt hɪz dɔg ʤoʊ. ˈvɪnsɪnt praɪs wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ kwaɪt ðə ɑrt ˈkjʊrətər; soʊ məʧ soʊ ðət sɪrz dɪˈpɑrtmənt stɔrz kəˈmɪʃənd ɪm tɪ bɪˈkəm ðɛr ɔɪl ˈpeɪnɪŋ ˈɛkspərt. ənd ðɛn ðeɪ meɪd ə seɪlz ˈvɪdioʊ wɪθ praɪs hɪmˈsɛlf ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ ðə ɑrt, wɪʧ lidz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ðɪs ˈtrɛʒər. si, ɪn ən ˈɔltərˌneɪt ˈjunəˌvərs, hi kʊd hæv bɪn ðɛr ˈmɪstər. ˈrɑʤərz. ˌbɪbliˈɑgrəfi: ““dr*. əv ðə fɪlm baɪ ˈwɪljəm ˈgoʊldˌstin, ðə ˈskrinˌraɪtər ˌdiˌviˈdi ˈɪnfoʊ: fər səm ˈrizən, ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm θɪŋks noʊ wən ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə wɔnts tɪ oʊn ə ˈkɑpi əv ðə əˈbɑmənəbəl ˈdɑktər. baɪ ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ju kən gɪt ɪt təˈgɛðər wɪθ ðə ˈsikwəl ˈdɑktər. ˈraɪzɪz əˈgɛn! ɪn ə tu dɪsk sɛt (baɪ wɪθ ðə ˈsɪmələrli θimd praɪs ˈviɪkəl ˈθieɪtər əv bləd ɪn ə madness”*” ˈdəbəl ˈfiʧər (baɪ ɪn əˈnəðər ˈdəbəl ˈfiʧər wɪθ skrim ənd skrim əˈgɛn (baɪ ər ˈivɪn wɪθ mæd ˈdɔktər roʊl ɪn ˈdɑktər. ənd ðə gərl bɑmz (baɪ moʊst ˈnoʊtəbli, ˈɔfərd ɛz pɑrt əv ˈvɪnsɪnt praɪs legend”*” kəˈlɛkʃən (wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ənd ɪts ˈsikwəl, ə praɪs ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri, ˈθieɪtər əv bləd, ðə ænˈθɔləˌʤi ˈfiʧərz twaɪs toʊld teɪlz ənd teɪlz əv ˈtɛrər, ˈmæˌdhaʊs, ənd ðə ˈɛksələnt [ɪf nɑt wɪrd] hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈhɔrər ðə ˈʤɛnərəl) (baɪ sərʧ lɔŋ ənd hɑrd ənd ju kən faɪnd ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈdɑktər. ɔn ə ˈsoʊˌloʊ dɪsk (baɪ bət wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˈɛkstrə ˈfiʧərz ju maɪt ɛz wɛl peɪ ə bək ər tu mɔr ənd gɪt ðə ˈboʊnəs movie(s*) əv jʊr ʧɔɪs. ˈivɪn ˈɑdər ɪz phibes‘*‘ ˈæbsəns frəm ðə ðə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ. brɪts (ənd ðoʊz wɪθ ˈriʤən bi pleɪərz) meɪ əˈveɪl ðɛmˈsɛlvz əv ˈɛroʊ (baɪ wi hæv ə ˈkɑpi əv ðət riˈlis tɪ kənˈfərm, bət ɪt ʃʊd hæv ˈməltəpəl ˈɛkstrəz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ æt ðə ˈvɛri list ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈkɑmənˌtɛriz frəm dɪˈrɛktər, kriˈeɪtər ˈgoʊldˌstin, ənd ˈkrɪtɪk tɪm ˈlukəs. ðiz ɔl əˈpɪr ɔn ˈdɑktər. phibes”*” sɛt (lɪŋk ˌənəˈveɪləbəl æt ðə taɪm əv ˈraɪtɪŋ), wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˈsikwəl ənd ə hoʊst əv ˈɛkstrə ˈfiʧərz. ɪz nɑt ˈkərəntli əˈveɪləbəl ɔn (ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈstreɪnʤli ɪˈnəf ðə ˈsikwəl, ˈraɪzɪz əˈgɛn, ɪz səm kaɪnd əv wɪrd raɪts θɪŋ ɪz ˈklɪrli goʊɪŋ ɔn hir. ʃɛr ðɪs: ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər ˈtəmblər mɔr
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“there are a lot of strange men practicing medicine these days.”–the abominable dr. phibes
directed by:
featuring: , peter jeffrey, virginia north, , terry-thomas, photographs of caroline munro
plot: dr. phibes is an underground aristocrat who has sworn a campaign of revenge against the doctors he holds responsible for his wife’s death on the operating table. in his downtime, he listens to his automaton orchestra in his bizarre art deco lair and stages dance numbers with his beautiful mute assistant. a series of gruesome and bizarre murders, themed after egyptian biblical plagues, attracts the attention of scotland yard, who strive to put together the puzzle and stop phibes.
background:
the ten biblical plagues of egypt listed in exodus 7-12 were (in order) blood, frogs, gnats (or lice), flies, cattle, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, and the firstborn. phibes replaces gnats and flies with bats and rats.
phibes screenwriter william goldstein (not to be confused with the more famous william goldman) has just three screenwriting credits on his imdb page: this movie, this movie’s misbegotten sequel dr. phibes rises again, and the amazing dobermans (1976), about a team of dogs trained to thwart an armored car heist. his short, yet quirky, career also includes a series of self-published sequels to phibes.
to phibes. the initial movie poster was a collage of bad judgments. it spoils dr. phibes’ disfigured face, which was supposed to be a surprise near the ending; it implies a romance between phibes and his assistant vulnavia that never happens; and the tagline “love means never having to say you’re ugly,” a parody of 1970‘s love story, set up audiences to expect a romantic comedy—to their doubtless bewilderment.
phibes fits the description of the rarely appreciated genre known as diesel punk. it’s set in the early decades of the 20th century and features a highly speculative series of plot devices involving technology that would at least have been cutting edge for the time. it’s also a museum of art deco styles.
in this pre-cgi year of 1971, some of the scenes involving animals don’t come off too well. the bats scene was done with harmless fruit bats, who adorably cuddle up on the victim’s bed while they’re supposed to be menacing. the later rats in the cockpit were equally unconvincing as a threat.
indelible image: we give the obligatory disclaimer that we have a multitude of scenes to choose from. of all the elaborate deaths, the amphibian death mask stands tall as the signature moment. one of dr. phibes’ victims attends a costume party with a frog’s head mask supplied by phibes himself. the mask is designed to slowly crush the victim’s head. as dr. hargraves falls downstairs and the mask squeezes the last drops of blood from his head, the party music plays on and a crowd of animal-headed guests look down. the scene strikes the perfect note between the grotesque and the campy, and upon that note the theme of this movie plays.
three weird things: animatronic swing band; unicorn impalement; brussels sprout locust bait.
what makes it weird: dr. phibes is the character vincent price was born to play. what more need we say? ten times larger than life, dr. phibes is a dish of ham and cheese, a pulp villain sprung whole from the pages of vintage horror comics. the elaborate murder plots of his bent imagination fit perfectly into this film’s campy art deco/diesel-punk universe like a rare sapphire on a faberge egg.
original trailer for the abominable dr. phibes
comments: the abominable dr. phibes opens with our title character (vincent price) rising from the floor on a mobile pipe organ, thumping out mendelssohn’s “war march of the priests.” it turns out he amuses himself thusly in his underground orchestra chamber by conducting “dr. phibes clockwork wizards,” a band of wind-up musicians, and frolicking in a dance with his mute girl friday, vulnavia (virginia north). so how do you spend your free time, playing candy crush? how unoriginal. dr. phibes does things only one way: over the top!!! he’s so enamored with his own magnificence that he includes his own face as a logo on various parts of his mansion’s facade and on the windows of his car. it isn’t all fun and games in phibes’ life, however. his wife tragically died on the operating table, and he’s out for revenge against the doctors who were present. so what, he lawyers up and sues for malpractice? how unoriginal. dr. phibes has contrived a series of overly-complicated deaths themed loosely after the ten plagues of egypt in the old testament and quran, to serve as the devices of demise for each of the unwitting medical professionals.
thus, our whole story is a series of increasingly bizarre murders which start with a cage full of bats loosed in the first victim’s bedroom, while scotland yard struggles to keep up with him. “it’s a damn strange business!” we first hear from inspector trout (peter jeffrey). “jolly fine party, what?” comments dr. hargraves right before he’s strapped into his frog’s head mask of death. the whole supporting cast are such caricatures of stuffy london culture that the movie might as well be a british minstrel show. of course, phibes himself is missing and presumed dead from an auto accident incurred as he raced to his wife’s side, so it’s not entirely the police’s fault that they’re slow to piece things together. phibes, it turns out, was only horribly disfigured in the car crash. he lost his voice, too, so he has to speak by wiring himself into a giant victrola, and he wears a mask and a wig that only manages to make him look hung-over.
and so we go on through the various victims of the abominable dr. phibes, from bee stings to the draining of blood to impalement by unicorn horn. after each victim, phibes, in his fetishistic passion, adorns a wax figure of the victim’s head with a hebrew amulet and blowtorches its features away. he inadvertently drops one of these trinkets at the scene of one murder, which becomes the police’s first clue. they confer with a rabbi and confirm the “plagues of egypt” pattern. vulnavia, whose wardrobe changes with every shot, assists phibes in most scenes; when she’s not needed, she provides atmosphere playing a spanking-white violin. the doctor victims have their own eccentricities, such as viewing stag films of exotic snake-dancing girls, or playing with model trains. this is all pulled off with the perfect deadpan delivery that only the pulp horror universe can deliver.
we do not hear a single utterance of dr. phibes until more than half an hour in, when he plugs himself into his audio system to address the photo of his departed wife at the shrine he’s built for her. it’s as bizarre a scene as we’ve come to expect by then, with price miming to his own voiceover dialog, just adding yet another surreal layer to this funhouse of whimsy. and that dark whimsy keeps right up until the final showdown, an elaborate trap involving a doctor’s son. this boy has had a key surgically implanted near his heart, and his father is challenged with retrieving it as his son is strapped to a gurney under a timer mechanism that will release an acid spray on his face—disfiguring him as dr. phibes himself is disfigured.
the abominable dr. phibes is one movie where nobody cares beans about plot logic or suspension of disbelief, as long as it keeps delivering one outlandish scene after another. we usually see only the setup and then the aftermath of each killing, spared the gore and conveniently sidestepping some of the logic. we’re left to assume that the doctor frozen alive in his car was too intrigued by the accompanying musical box to simply do something so un-british as jump out of his car and run away without being excused. never mind the murders involving animals; locusts and bats obey dr. phibes’ whim because his force of personality is just that strong.
many reviewers have noticed the obvious influence this film has on later works in the slasher/serial killer genre, especially the kind devoted to one larger-than-life villain protagonist. dr. hannibal lecter from silence of the lambs, john doe from se7en, and especially jigsaw from the saw franchise all owe a debt to phibes: stylish, flamboyant villains with their own blue-to-orange scale of morality that drives them to commit gruesome murders in the name of avenging exaggerated slights. but dr. phibes definitely did it with a style and sense of humor all its own, and comes into its weirdness without straining in the slightest, thanks to its abundant and unfettered imagination. afterwards, we are not enriched or enlightened, not beholden to any moral. but have we ever been magnificently entertained by this feast of ham!
what the critics say:
“anachronistic period horror musical camp fantasy is a fair description, loaded with comedic gore of the type that packs theatres and drives child psychologists up the walls.”–variety (contemporaneous)
“a delightfully goofy horror film… kept at a snappy pace by ‘avengers’ director robert fuest and given a bizarre art deco look by art director bernard reeves and set designer brian eatwell…”–tv guide
“this odd film is almost goofy enough to be laughable, but not quite. the murder mystery part isn’t quite compelling enough to hold our interest, and phibes’ wacky, but painfully slow-moving scenes are just a bit too dull to maximize the camp factor…”–brian webster, the apollo movie guide (dvd)
imdb link: the abominable dr. phibes (1971)
other links of interest:
the abominable dr. phibes (1971) – overview – tcm – turner classic movies’ phibes page hosts four film clips and an essay by eric weber
19 things you never knew about the abominable dr phibes – trivia items from a price scholar
the abominable dr. phibes (film) – the campy, artificial phibes offers the tv tropes a wealth of conceits to explore
the abominable dr. phibes & cinematic influence | film analysis – youtuber nyx fears’ video review highlights phibes‘ influences on later horror films like se7en, phantom of the paradise, and the saw franchise.
borderline weird: the abominable dr. phibes (1971) – this site’s initial review of phibes
pete trbovich’s bonus vincent price trivia section:
price also played the villain egghead in the original ‘60s batman tv series. the fact that dr. phibes manages to out-ham a villain created for the notoriously hammy “batman” tv universe is a feat in itself.
a master of macabre humor, vincent price once gave a recipe for “how to cook a small boy.”
vincent price wrote a book about his dog joe.
vincent price was also quite the art curator; so much so that sears department stores commissioned him to become their oil painting expert. and then they made a sales video with price himself introducing the art, which leads us to this treasure. see, in an alternate universe, he could have been their mr. rogers.
bibliography:
“dr. phibes ” – novelization of the film by william goldstein, the screenwriter
dvd info: for some reason, mgm thinks no one in north america wants to own a copy of the abominable dr. phibes by itself. you can get it together with the sequel dr. phibes rises again! in a two disc set (buy ); partnered with the similarly themed price vehicle theater of blood in a “midnite madness” double feature (buy ); in another double feature with scream and scream again (buy ); or even with price’s even-less-serious mad doctor role in dr. goldfoot and the girl bombs (buy ). most notably, it’s offered as part of mgm’s vincent price “scream legend” collection (which includes phibes and its sequel, a price documentary, theater of blood, the anthology features twice told tales and tales of terror, madhouse, and the excellent [if not weird] historical horror the witchfinder general) (buy ). search long and hard and you can find the original dr. phibes on a solo disc (buy ), but without any extra features you might as well pay a buck or two more and get the bonus movie(s) of your choice.
even odder is phibes‘ absence from the blu-ray ranks—in the usa. brits (and those with region b players) may avail themselves of arrow video’s blu (buy ). we don’t have a copy of that release to confirm, but it should have multiple extras, including at the very least audio commentaries from director fuest, creator goldstein, and critic tim lucas. these all appear on arrow’s “complete dr. phibes” blu-ray set (link unavailable at the time of writing), which includes the sequel and a host of extra features.
phibes is not currently available on video-on-demand (although strangely enough the sequel, rises again, is ). some kind of weird rights thing is clearly going on here.
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pliz ˈfɑloʊ ðə ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz bɪˈloʊ tɪ ˈæktəˌveɪt jʊr ki. ɪf ju ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈɛni əˈdɪʃənəl səˈpɔrt, pliz iˈmeɪl ɔl aʊt! ðɛr ər noʊ mɔr kiz lɛft ɪn ðɪs ˈgɪvəˌweɪ! ˈzɑmbi playground™*™ ɪz 'goonies*' mits 'əˈtæk ðə blɑk' mits 'ðə ˈwɔkɪŋ dɛd.' bɪˈkəm ə kɪd əˈgɛn baɪ ˈgræbɪŋ jʊr ˈkɑpi əv ˈzɑmbi ˈpleɪˌgraʊnd ənd lɛts meɪk ɑr ˈneɪbər seɪ, "wət ər ðoʊz dɑrn kɪdz duɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðɛr?" wɪr soʊ ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ ʤəmp ɔn ˈfərnɪʧər əˈgɛn. stɛlθ ˈstudiˌoʊz ɪz ˈtimɪŋ əp wɪθ ərˈinə tɪ gɪv əˈweɪ ˈkɑpiz əv ðɛr nu geɪm, ˈzɑmbi ˈpleɪˌgraʊnd. əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə fri ˈkɑpi əv ðə geɪm, ðeɪ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ səm ˈaɪtəmz. ju kən græb jʊr geɪm əˈbəv ənd ðɛn hɛd ˈoʊvər tɪ ɑr ˈəðər ˈgɪvəˌweɪ ˈpeɪʤɪz tɪ græb jʊr ɪkˈsklusɪv keɪp ənd ˈbækˌpæk. ˈbækˌpæk keɪp əˈbaʊt ðə geɪm ˈzɑmbi playground™*™ ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈkɑnsɛpt baɪ ˈʤeɪsən ʧæn ənd ɪz ə ˈsɪŋgəl pleɪər, ər ˈɔnˌlaɪn tim beɪst, ˈækʃən ərˈinə geɪm wɪθ ˈɛləmənts. ˈgeɪmˌpleɪ ɪz ˈʧælənʤɪŋ, rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ, ənd ʤɪst pleɪn fən! ɪt ɪz ə ˈhaɪbrɪd əv θərd ˈpərsən ˈʃutər ənd ˈækʃən məˈkænɪks sɛt ɪn ə 'kɪdz ˌɪˈmæʤənd' ˈzɑmbi sərˈvaɪvəl ˈhɔrər ərˈinə. pleɪərz wɪl hæv ðɛr ˈtimˌwərk əˈbɪləˌtiz, ˈbætəl ˈtæktɪks, ənd sərˈvaɪvəl skɪlz pʊt tɪ ðə tɛst ɛz ðeɪ faɪt tɪ sərˈvaɪv əˈgɛnst hɔrdz əv ðə undead*. əkˈwaɪərɪŋ nu ˈwɛpənz, ˈaɪtəmz, ənd ˈɑrtɪkəlz əv ˈkloʊðɪŋ wɪl əˈlaʊ pleɪərz tɪ ˈfərðər ˈkəstəˌmaɪz ðɛr ˈkɛrɪktərz fər ˈivɪn mɔr vərˈaɪəti ənd ˈtæktɪkəl ˌvərsəˈtɪləti ər ˌspɛʃələˈzeɪʃən. ˈkərəntli ðɛr ər ˈoʊvər 200 ɛsˈθɛtɪk ˈaɪtəmz in‐game*! ʧɛk aʊt ˈzɑmbi ˈpleɪˌgraʊnd ɔn stim
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please follow the instructions below to activate your key. if you require any additional support, please email contact@alienwarearena.com .
all out! there are no more keys left in this giveaway!
zombie playground™ is 'goonies' meets 'attack the block' meets 'the walking dead.'
become a kid again by grabbing your copy of zombie playground and let's make our nosey neighbor say, "what are those darn kids doing over there?"
we're so excited to jump on furniture again. stealth studios is teaming up with alienware arena to give away copies of their new game, zombie playground. along with a free copy of the game, they have also provided us with some alienware in-game items. you can grab your game above and then head over to our other giveaway pages to grab your exclusive alienware cape and backpack.
alienware backpack alienware cape
about the game
zombie playground™ is based on the original concept by jason chan and is a single player, or online team based, action arena game with rpg elements. gameplay is challenging, rewarding, and just plain fun! it is a hybrid of third person shooter and action rpg mechanics set in a 'kid's imagined' zombie survival horror arena. players will have their teamwork abilities, battle tactics, and survival skills put to the test as they fight to survive against hordes of the undead. acquiring new weapons, items, and articles of clothing will allow players to further customize their characters for even more variety and tactical versatility or specialization. currently there are over 200 aesthetic items in‐game!
check out zombie playground on steam
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ˈbreɪkɪŋ nuz iˈmeɪlz gɪt ˈbreɪkɪŋ nuz əˈlərts ənd ˈspɛʃəl rɪˈpɔrts. ðə nuz ənd ˈstɔriz ðət ˈmætər, dɪˈlɪvərd ˈwikˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋz. mɑrʧ 25 2015 piɛm ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd mɑrʧ 31 2015 piɛm sɔrs: ˈɛnˌbiˈsi nuz baɪ ˈæləks ˈʤɑnsən əˈfɪʃəlz ɪn səˈbərbən ˈdiˌtrɔɪt əˈpild fər ˈpeɪʃəns ənd kɑm ˈθərzˌdeɪ waɪl ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ˌrivˈju waɪ pəˈlis rɪˈpitɪdli pənʧt, kɪkt ənd ən əˈnɑrmd blæk ˈdraɪvər hu ræn ə stɑp saɪn. ðə ʤæn. 28 ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən ɪn ðə smɔl ˈsɪti əv dru əˈbaʊt tu ˈdəzən ˈproʊˌtɛstərz əˈfɪliˌeɪtɪd wɪθ ðə rɛv. æl ˈnæʃənəl ˈækʃən ˈnɛtˌwərk tɪ pəˈlis ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈɛnˌbiˈsi ˈsteɪʃən ˈbrɔdˌkæst əv ə ˈvɪdioʊ əv ðə ərˈɛst. ˈʃɑrptən ɪz ðə hoʊst əv "politicsnation*." "waɪ ju ˈbitɪŋ ɔn mi laɪk ðɪs?" ðə ˈdraɪvər, flɔɪd dɛnt, 57 æsks ˈæftər pəˈlis pʊl ɪm tɪ ðə hʊd əv ə ˈkruzər. pəˈlis ʧif ˈvɪki joʊst toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz ˈθərzˌdeɪ ðət steɪt pəˈlis ər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðə ərˈɛst. ʃi dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ dɪˈskəs ˈditeɪlz əˈbaʊt ðə keɪs ər ðə ˈɔfɪsərz, hu hæv bɪn ˌriəˈsaɪnd tɪ ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˈdutiz. ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən teɪks ɪts kɔrs," joʊst sɛd. "ɪt nidz tɪ bi ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt. ɪt nidz tɪ bi θəroʊ." ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst dɛnt əv rɪˈzɪstɪŋ ərˈɛst ənd əˈsɔltɪŋ ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər wər drɑpt. hi ɪz stɪl du ɪn kɔrt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ɔn ə ʧɑrʤ əv pəˈzɛʃən əv koʊˈkeɪn. əˈkaʊnts əv ðə ˈɪnsədənt frəm dɛnt ənd frəm pəˈlis ɔl əv hum ɪn ðə ˈvɪdioʊ əˈpɪr tɪ bi waɪt ər ˈwaɪldli ˈdɪfərənt: pəˈlis sɛd dɛnt əˈtɛmptəd tɪ fli ðə pəˈlis kɑr, bət ðə ˈvɪdioʊ əˈpɪrz tɪ ʃoʊ dɛnt meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ə kənˈsɪstənt spid ənd ðɛn ˈpʊlɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈseɪfli əˈkrɔs ðə strit frəm ə pəˈlis ˈsteɪʃən. pəˈlis seɪ dɛnt θˈrɛtənd tɪ kɪl ðə ˈɔfɪsərz. dɛnt sɪz hi ˈdɪdənt ənd nən əv ðə sɪks ˈɔfɪsərz' ˈmaɪkroʊˌfoʊnz wər tərnd ɔn æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə ˈɪnsədənt tɪ səbˈstænʧiˌeɪt ðɛr kleɪm. wən ˈɔfɪsər sɛd dɛnt bɪt ɪm ɔn ðə ɑrm. dɛnt sɛd hi ˈdɪdənt, ənd ðə ˈɔfɪsər ˈdɪdənt sik ˈmɛdɪkəl əˈtɛnʃən ər ˈfoʊtəˌgræf hɪz ˈɪnʤəri tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃən. pəˈlis sɛd ðeɪ faʊnd ə bæg əv kræk koʊˈkeɪn ˈəndər ðə ˈpæsənʤər sit əv kɑr. dɛnt, hu həz wərkt fər fɔrd ˈmoʊtər koʊ. fər 37 jɪrz ənd həz noʊ ˈkrɪmənəl ˈrɛkərd, sɛd ˈɔfɪsərz ˈplænɪd ðə koʊˈkeɪn. ə bləd tɛst ʃoʊd noʊ drəgz ɪn hɪz ˈsɪstəm. ə ʤəʤ dɪsˈmɪst ɔl ˈʧɑrʤɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən wɪθ pəˈlis ˈæftər ˈwɑʧɪŋ ðə ˈvɪdioʊ əbˈteɪnd baɪ wdiv*. ˈlɔjər sɛd hi wɑz ˈɔfərd ə pli dil rɪˈzəltɪŋ ˈoʊnli ɪn proʊˈbeɪʃən ɔn ðə koʊˈkeɪn pəˈzɛʃən ʧɑrʤ, bət dɛnt tərnd ɪt daʊn, ˈtɛlɪŋ ðə ˈsteɪʃən hi ˈwʊdənt plid ˈgɪlti tɪ ə kraɪm hi ˈdɪdənt kəˈmɪt. "aɪ kænt ˈivɪn wɔʧ ðə teɪp əv ðɛm ˈbitɪŋ mi, bɪˈkəz aɪ gɪt ˈəpˌsɛt," dɛnt toʊld ðə ˈsteɪʃən ðɪs wik. joʊst sɛd ðət "əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈækʃən" wʊd bi ˈteɪkən ɪf ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz faʊnd ðə koʊˈkeɪn pəˈzɛʃən ʧɑrʤ tɪ hæv bɪn ˌmænjəˈfækʧərd. ˈsoʊʃəl
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march 25, 2015, 8:44 pm gmt / updated march 31, 2015, 10:41 pm gmt / source: nbc news by alex johnson
officials in suburban detroit appealed for patience and calm thursday while investigators review why police repeatedly punched, kicked and tasered an unarmed black driver who ran a stop sign.
the jan. 28 confrontation in the small city of inkster drew about two dozen protesters affiliated with the rev. al sharpton's national action network to police headquarters wednesday — following nbc station wdiv's broadcast of a dashcam video of the arrest. sharpton is the host of msnbc's "politicsnation."
"why you beating on me like this?" the driver, floyd dent, 57, asks after police pull him to the hood of a cruiser.
inkster police chief vicky yost told reporters thursday that state police are investigating the arrest. she declined to discuss details about the case or the officers, who have been reassigned to administrative duties.
"it’s important that the investigation takes its course," yost said. "it needs to be independent. it needs to be thorough."
charges against dent of resisting arrest and assaulting a police officer were dropped. he is still due in court wednesday on a charge of possession of cocaine.
accounts of the incident from dent and from inkster police — all of whom in the video appear to be white — are wildly different:
police said dent attempted to flee the police car, but the video appears to show dent maintaining a consistent speed and then pulling over safely across the street from a police station.
police say dent threatened to kill the officers. dent says he didn't — and none of the six officers' microphones were turned on at the beginning of the incident to substantiate their claim.
one officer said dent bit him on the arm. dent said he didn't, and the officer didn't seek medical attention or photograph his injury to support the allegation.
police said they found a bag of crack cocaine under the passenger seat of dent's car. dent, who has worked for ford motor co. for 37 years and has no criminal record, said officers planted the cocaine. a post-arrest blood test showed no drugs in his system.
a judge dismissed all charges involved in the physical confrontation with police after watching the video obtained by wdiv. dent's lawyer said he was offered a plea deal resulting only in probation on the cocaine possession charge, but dent turned it down, telling the station he wouldn't plead guilty to a crime he didn't commit.
"i can't even watch the tape of them beating me, because i get upset," dent told the station this week.
yost said that "appropriate action" would be taken if the investigations found the cocaine possession charge to have been manufactured.
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jul bi ˈmɪsɪŋ mi ʤɪst əraʊnd lʊk huz ˈstɑkɪŋ naʊ dɛk ðə mɔlz maɪ dɪr ðə əˈpɪnjən haɪ gaɪz! haʊz ɪt goʊɪŋ ðɪs ˈkreɪzi ˈwiˌkɪnd? soʊ ˈmɛni seɪlz, ɪts ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈmeɪkɪŋ mi hɛd spɪn raʊnd ənd raʊnd. aɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli ɛnd əp ʃoʊɪŋ ju maɪ ˈlɪtəl hɔl ðət həz trænˈspaɪərd wɪˈθɪn ðiz læst 24 aʊərz ənd ˈhoʊpfəli aɪl ˈɛndɪŋ əp sˈwɑʧɪŋ ɪt ɔl ðɪs mənθ. ðɪs ɪz ˈdɛfənətli ə juʤ kəˈlɛkʃən riˈlis ˈwiˌkɪnd ənd təˈdeɪ aɪl bi ˈʃɛrɪŋ əˈnəðər ˈɪndi wɪθ ə ˈbjutəfəl kəˈlɛkʃən ɔn ðə hərˈaɪzən. əm ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈkəpˌkeɪk ˈpɑlɪʃ ənd ðə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ 2014 kəˈlɛkʃən! wɪn ju θɪŋk, ju ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz θɪŋk əv ˈkəpˌkeɪk ˈpɑlɪʃ raɪt əˈweɪ ənd ðɪs kəˈlɛkʃən meɪks ju rɪˈmɛmbər waɪ ðət ɪz. kəmˈpraɪzd əv sɪks ˈgɔrʤəs ʃeɪdz hir tɪ rɑk jʊr ˈhɑləˌdeɪz, lɛts teɪk ə lʊk æt ðə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ 2014 ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ 2014 kəˈlɛkʃən baɪ ˈkəpˌkeɪk ˈpɑlɪʃ wɪl bi riˈlisɪŋ ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər æt cst*. ɔn lɔnʧ deɪ, ju kən græb ðə hoʊl kəˈlɛkʃən æt ðə rɪˈdust praɪs əv bi ˈmɪsɪŋ mi kən bi dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə rɪʧ ˈpərpəl ˈlɪniər ˌhɔloʊˈgræfɪk ˈpɑlɪʃ. əm bloʊn əˈweɪ baɪ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti əv ðɪs ʃeɪd, ðiz ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˈɑnəstli doʊnt du ɪt ˈɛni ˈʤəstɪs bɪˈkəz ðə ˈifɛkt ɪz ɪn dɪˈrɛkt ˈsənˌlaɪt. ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən wɑz ˈvɛri smuð ənd geɪv mi noʊ ˈɪʃuz. fər ðiz sˈwɑʧɪz, aɪ juzd tu θɪn koʊts ənd sild wɪθ ə ˈglɔsi əraʊnd ɪz dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə ˈkrimi rɛd ˈlɪniər ˌhɔloʊˈgræfɪk ˈpɑlɪʃ. aɪ noʊ ə lɔt əv ju gaɪz doʊnt ˌəndərˈstænd maɪ əbˈsɛʃən wɪθ ðə ˈkələr rɛd, bət ðɪs wən ʃʊd du ðə ˈtɔkɪŋ ɔn ɪts oʊn. nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪz ɪt ðə ˈklæsɪk ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ rɛd, bət ɪts ə wən coater*. jəp, ɔl ðət rɛd ˈgʊdnɪs ɪn wən ˈsɪŋgəl koʊt. aɪ ˈkænɑt weɪt tɪ juz ðɪs ɔl ˈsizən lɔŋ wɪθ neɪl ɑrt! greɪt ˈfɔrmjələ ənd kənˈsɪstənsi, noʊ ˈɪʃuz wɪn əˈplaɪɪŋ. dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈhɛvi ˌpɪgmənˈteɪʃən, ðɛr wɑz ˌæbsəˈlutli noʊ ˈsteɪnɪŋ. fər ðiz sˈwɑʧɪz, aɪ juzd wən θɪn koʊt ənd sild wɪθ ə ˈglɔsi huz ˈstɔkɪŋ naʊ kən bi dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə til ˈlɪniər wɪθ goʊld ənd til ˈʃɪmər. ɛz hɑrd ɛz ɪt ɪz tɪ pɪk ˈfeɪvərɪts əˈməŋst ðɪs kəˈlɛkʃən, ðɪs wən ɪz ðə wən hu wən mi ˈoʊvər. ˈbjutəfəl ˈaɪsi til ʃeɪd. greɪt ˈfɔrmjələ laɪk ðə rɛst əv ðə ɪn ðɪs kəˈlɛkʃən. ɪt geɪv mi noʊ ˈɪʃuz əˈplaɪɪŋ ər leɪərɪŋ. fər ðiz sˈwɑʧɪz, aɪ juzd tu θɪn koʊts ənd sild wɪθ ə ˈglɔsi ðə mɔlz kən bi dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz grin ˌhɔloʊˈgræfɪk ˈmaɪˌkroʊ ˈglɪtər ˈpɑlɪʃ. ˈdɛfənətli nɑt wət aɪ wɑz ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ, jɛt aɪ ˌæbsəˈlutli ləv ðə weɪ ðə ˈfɪnɪʃ lʊks. ɪts soʊ ʤæmd bæk wɪθ ˈmaɪˌkroʊ ˈglɪtərz ðət ɪt ˈkɔzɪz ə slaɪt ˈtɛksʧər ˈfɪnɪʃ. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ˈjuzɪŋ tu leɪərz əv ə tɪ rɪˈdus ðə ˈtɛksʧər ənˈlɛs jʊr laɪk mi ənd ˈrɪli laɪk ɪt. ˈɛksələnt ˈfɔrmjələ, ðɪs rikˈwaɪərd noʊ ˈdæbɪŋ dɪˈspaɪt ðə keɪkt ɔn ˈmaɪˌkroʊ ˈglɪtərz. fər ðiz sˈwɑʧɪz, aɪ juzd tu θɪn koʊts ənd sild wɪθ tu koʊts əv ə ˈglɔsi maɪ dɪr kən bi dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə ˈsɪlvər ˈlɪniər ˌhɔloʊˈgræfɪk ˈpɑlɪʃ pækt wɪθ goʊld fleɪks ənd ˈmaɪˌkroʊ ˈglɪtər. wɪn aɪ fərst sɔ ðə ˈkələr ɪn ðə ˈbɑtəl aɪ ˈdɪdənt ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ bi ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər, bət bɔɪ wɑz aɪ mɪˈsteɪkən. ðɪs ˈnutrəl ʃeɪd əv ðə ˈsizən! ɪts ˈpərˌfɪkt fər ðoʊz əv ˈjuˈɛs hu hæv tɪ bi ˈkɛrfəl wɪθ ɑr neɪl ˈkələr səˈlɛkʃənz fər ɑr ʤɑbz. hɛk, ɪts ˈivɪn spɑt ɔn fər ˈɛni ˈfænsi deɪts ju maɪt hæv ˈkəmɪŋ əp. fər ðiz sˈwɑʧɪz, aɪ juzd θri θɪn koʊts ənd sild wɪθ ə ˈglɔsi. ðɛr wɑz ə bɪt əv ˈdæbɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd fər ðə θərd leɪər, bət ɪf ju ɑpt fər tu ðɛn jul ɪkˈspɪriəns nən əv əˈpɪnjən kən bi dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə ˈkoʊˌbɔlt blu ˈlɪniər wɪθ blu ənd goʊld ˈmaɪˌkroʊ ˈglɪtərz ənd ə tən əv goʊld fleɪks. ðɪs ɪz ˈdɛfənətli ðə əˈməŋst ðə hoʊl kəˈlɛkʃən fər mi ˈpərsənəli. ðə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ðə fleɪks,, ənd ˈmaɪˌkroʊ ˈglɪtərz kriˈeɪt ə juˈnik ənd ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈpɑlɪʃ. aɪ doʊnt oʊn ˈɛniˌθɪŋ kwaɪt laɪk ɪt ɪn maɪ lɑrʤ kəˈlɛkʃən. ˈɛksələnt ˈfɔrmjələ ənd kənˈsɪstənsi, iʧ leɪər ɪz ˈniðər tu θɪk nɔr tu θɪn. fər ðiz sˈwɑʧɪz, aɪ juzd tu θɪn koʊts ənd sild wɪθ ə ˈglɔsi əm hɛd ˈoʊvər hilz ɪn ləv wɪθ ðə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ 2014 kəˈlɛkʃən baɪ ˈkəpˌkeɪk ˈpɑlɪʃ ðɪs kəˈlɛkʃən gɪvz ju ə ˈkələr tɪ goʊ wɪθ ˈɛvəri ˈaʊtˌfɪt! ənd noʊ tu ər ˈivɪn ˈkloʊsli ˈsɪmələr, ˈgɪvɪŋ ju ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ʃeɪd səˈlɛkʃən fər ðə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈsizən. ðə ˈfɔrmjələz ər tɔp nɑʧ θruaʊt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər kəˈlɛkʃən, bət ðɛn əˈgɛn aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ˈnəθɪŋ lɛs wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈkəpˌkeɪk ˈpɑlɪʃ. aɪ kən naʊ seɪ fərst hænd... errr*... fərst neɪl ðət ðə haɪp ɪz ˈvɛri məʧ ril ənd wɪθ gʊd ˈrizən. ɪf ju gaɪz ˈhævənt ɪkˈspɪriənst ðɪs ˈɪndi fər ˈjɔrsɛlvz, ðɪs ɪz ðə kəˈlɛkʃən jul wɔnt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðət ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ 2014 kəˈlɛkʃən baɪ ˈkəpˌkeɪk ˈpɑlɪʃ wɪl bi riˈlisɪŋ ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər æt cst*. ɔn lɔnʧ deɪ, ju kən græb ðə hoʊl kəˈlɛkʃən æt ðə rɪˈdust praɪs əv bi ʃʊr tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ənd doʊnt mɪs tɛl mi gaɪz, wɪʧ wən ɪz jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt? ər ər ju laɪk mi ənd kænt ˌdɪˈsaɪd?
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yule be missing me
just sleighing around
look who's stocking now
deck the malls
ornamentary my dear
the
menorah-ty opinion
hi guys! how's it going this crazy weekend? so many sales, it's absolutely making me head spin round and round. i'll probably end up showing you my little haul that has transpired within these last 24 hours and hopefully i'll ending up swatching it all this month. this is definitely a huge collection release weekend and today i'll be sharing another indie with a beautiful collection on the horizon. i'm talking about cupcake polish and the holiday 2014 collection! when you think holo polishes, you almost always think of cupcake polish right away and this collection makes you remember why that is. comprised of six gorgeous shades here to rock your holidays, let's take a look at the holiday 2014 collection.the holiday 2014 collection by cupcake polish will be releasing on december 1st at 6pm cst. on launch day, you can grab the whole collection at the reduced price of $72.00.yule be missing me can be described as a rich purple linear holographic polish. i'm blown away by the intensity of this shade, these photos honestly don't do it any justice because the holo effect is jaw-dropping in direct sunlight. application was very smooth and gave me no issues. for these swatches, i used two thin coats and sealed with a glossy topcoat.just sleighing around is described as a creamy red linear holographic polish. i know a lot of you guys don't understand my obsession with the color red, but this one should do the talking on its own. not only is it the classic holiday red, but it's a one coater. yup, all that holo red goodness in one single coat. i cannot wait to use this all season long with nail art! great formula and consistency, no issues when applying. despite the heavy pigmentation, there was absolutely no staining. for these swatches, i used one thin coat and sealed with a glossy topcoat.look who's stalking now can be described as a teal linear holo with gold and teal shimmer. as hard as it is to pick favorites amongst this collection, this one is the one who won me over. beautiful icy teal shade. great formula like the rest of the polishes in this collection. it gave me no issues applying or layering. for these swatches, i used two thin coats and sealed with a glossy topcoat.deck the malls can be described as green holographic micro glitter polish. definitely not what i was expecting, yet i absolutely love the way the finish looks. it's so jammed back with micro glitters that it causes a slight texture finish. i recommend using two layers of a topcoat to reduce the texture unless you're like me and really like it. excellent formula, this required no dabbing despite the caked on micro glitters. for these swatches, i used two thin coats and sealed with two coats of a glossy topcoat.ornamentary my dear can be described as a silver linear holographic polish packed with gold flakes and micro glitter. when i first saw the color in the bottle i didn't expect to be 'wow'ed whatsoever, but boy was i mistaken. this isclassic neutral shade of the season! it's perfect for those of us who have to be careful with our nail color selections for our office/business jobs. heck, it's even spot on for any fancy dates you might have coming up. for these swatches, i used three thin coats and sealed with a glossy topcoat. there was a bit of dabbing involved for the third layer, but if you opt for two then you'll experience none of that.menorah-ty opinion can be described as a cobalt blue linear holo with blue and gold micro glitters and a ton of gold flakes. this is definitely the stand-out amongst the whole collection for me personally. the combination of the flakes, holo, and micro glitters create a unique and interesting polish. i don't own anything quite like it in my large collection. excellent formula and consistency, each layer is neither too thick nor too thin. for these swatches, i used two thin coats and sealed with a glossy topcoat.overall i'm head over heels in holo love with the holiday 2014 collection by cupcake polish . this collection gives you a color to go with every outfit! and no two polishes are even closely similar, giving you a wide range of shade selection for the holiday season. the formulas are top notch throughout the entire collection, but then again i expect nothing less when it comes to cupcake polish. i can now say first hand... errr... first nail that the hype is very much real and with good reason. if you guys haven't experienced this indie for yourselves, this is the collection you'll want to change that with.the holiday 2014 collection by cupcake polish will be releasing on december 1st at 6pm cst. on launch day, you can grab the whole collection at the reduced price of $72.00. be sure to follow and don't miss out!so tell me guys, which one is your favorite? or are you like me and can't decide?
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ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi laɪks tɪ ədˈmɪt rɔŋ du ðeɪ? soʊ hɑrd noʊzd ənd ˌɪnˈfæləbəl ər əˈpɪnjənz ɔn ˈfʊtˌbɔl ənd aɪ æm əv kɔrs hir ðət pərˈhæps ˈmɛni ər əˈfreɪd səʧ ən ədˈmɪʃən wɪl dɪˈstrɔɪ ðɛr ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən ənd ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti ɛz ə vɔɪs, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ə ˈdrɪvən soʊˈsaɪɪti, raɪts ˈdeɪvɪd ˈdaʊni. bət dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs ðɛr ər stɪl taɪmz ðət ju ʤɪst hæv tɪ hoʊld jʊr hænz əp noʊ ˈmætər haʊ rɪˈləktənt ər ˈstəbərn jʊr əˈpɪnjən meɪ bi ənd ˈpleɪnli seɪ ju wər rɔŋ. aɪ wɑz rɔŋ. aɪ hæv bɪn mɔr rɔŋ. haʊ kən ə pleɪər hu ˈsimɪŋli əˈpɪrd tɪ bi əˈfreɪd əv hɪz oʊn ˈʃæˌdoʊ nɑt θri jɪrz əˈgoʊ, bɪˈkəm soʊ ənd dɪˈvɛləp ə ˈlidərˌʃɪp ənd sɛlf riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti ðət meɪks ɪm ən ˈɪnəgrəl pɑrt əv ə ˈfʊtˌbɔl kləb? aɪ spik, əv kɔrs, əv ˈʤɔrdən ˈhɛndərsən. ɪn 2011 aɪ wɑz sɛnt tɪ ˈmɛlwʊd tɪ ˈɪntərvˌju jəŋ ˈʤɔrdən ɔn hɪz kəmˈpliʃən əv ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˈlɪvərˌpul. fɪʃ aʊt əv water,”*,” aɪ ˈriˌkɔl wən ˈʤərnəlɪst seɪɪŋ ɪn ðə prɛs rum ɛz hi poʊzd fər ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs. hɪz bɔɪɪʃ lʊks ənd dɪˈmɪnjətɪv əˈpɪrəns hɛlp hɪz kɔz wɪθ ðə ɪŋk stɪl draɪɪŋ ɔn ə bɪg ˈkɑnˌtrækt ˈkəpəld wɪθ ə praɪs tæg. hɪz wərdz ðət ˈfɑloʊd dɪd ˈlɪtəl tɪ ˌɪnˈspaɪr ˈiðər. ˈklɪrli ðə əˈkeɪʒən ənd ˈriləˈzeɪʃən əv ˈsaɪnɪŋ fər ə kləb laɪk ˈlɪvərˌpul wɑz stɪl ˈsəmθɪŋ hi wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ græsp ənd hɪz ˈænsərz tɪ ðə ˈtɪpɪkəl kˈwɛsʧənz səˈʤɛstɪd ɛz məʧ. ə ˈkɑlig æst ɪm əˈbaʊt hɪz θɔts ɔn ˈstivən gerrard*, wɪθ əˈnəðər səˈʤɛstɪŋ hi kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli bi ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈoʊvər hɪz ˈmæntəl. ə rɪˈdɪkjələs kˈwɛʃən æt ðə taɪm ənd pərˈhæps ˈivɪn naʊ ɪt wʊd bi ən ˌɪnˈsəlt tɪ səˈʤɛst ˈɛniˌwən kʊd ˈivɪn kəm kloʊz tɪ ˈstæʧər. bət pərˈhæps ə bərˈɑmɪtər əv prəˈgrɛʃən sɪns ðət wɑz pʊt tɪ ɪm, ɪz ðət səʧ ə ˈsteɪtmənt bi kwaɪt soʊ ˈludəkrəs təˈdeɪ. maɪ ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌɪmˈprɛʃən əv ˈhɛndərsən ɔn ðə pɪʧ meɪd mi ˈwəndər waɪ ˈɛniˌwən wʊd peɪ səʧ ə ˈhɛfti fi fər pleɪər hu əˈpɪrd tɪ læk ˈɛni ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn kˈwɑləti ənd sɛlf ˈkɑnfədɛns. wɛˈnɛvər æst əˈbaʊt ɪm aɪ wɑz ˈnɛvər ʃaɪ ɪn kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ðə ˈmædnəs ɪn ɪm ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə tim ənd səˈʤɛstɪd ˈlɪvərˌpul kət ðɛr ˈlɔsɪz ɛz sun ɛz ðeɪ kʊd. gɪt mi rɔŋ, ðɛr wɑz ˈnɛvər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ vɪnˈdɪktɪv ɪn wət aɪ wɑz seɪɪŋ. ʃʊr ˈmɛni wɪl əˈgri fər ə lɔŋ taɪm ɪt simd ɛz ɪf ˈhɛndərsən wʊd bi əˈnəðər əv fɑr tu ˈmɛni ˈlɪvərˌpul ˈsaɪnɪŋz hu wʊd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli bi swɛpt ˈəndər ðə ˈkɑrpət. tɪ ðɛr ˈkrɛdɪt, ˈəðərz kɛpt ðə feɪθ ənd aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ə nu kliˈʃeɪ ˈɔlˌmoʊst dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ frəm ðə bɪˈlivərz səˈʤɛstɪŋ hi wʊd ˈfɑloʊ ə pæθ ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðət əv ˈlukəs ənd hɪz raɪz tɪ ˈprɑmənəns. hæv ˈɛni əv ðət, mi. ˈʤɔrdən ˈhɛndərsən wɑz kənˈsaɪnd tɪ ðə bɪn ənd ðɛr steɪ ənˈtɪl ˈsəndərlənd traɪd tɪ gɪt ə loʊn bæk ər ə ˈnuli prəˈmoʊtəd kləb pɪʧt tɪ teɪk ɪm ɔf hænz, wɪʧ ˈhæpəli teɪk. ðət wɑz ðət. haʊ rɔŋ kʊd aɪ bi? nɑt ʃʊr hu, waɪ, ər wɪn ɪt ˈhæpənd, bət ðə ˈpɛni ˈfaɪnəli drɑpt fər ˈʤɔrdən ˈhɛndərsən ənd haʊ ˈlɪvərˌpul hæv ript ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ðɛr pərˈsɪstəns wɪθ ɪm. wən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˈrɑʤərz ðət wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈrɛzəˌneɪt wɪθ mi wɑz wɪn hi dɪˈskəst hɪz əˈproʊʧ tɪ rɪˈkrutmənt. ɪt wɑz ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈproʊˌfaɪl ənd ˈkɛrɪktər. fər ˈrɑʤərz ðɪs tʊk praɪˈɔrəti ˈoʊvər ˈsərtən ˈəðər ˈɑbviəs əˈtrɪˌbjuts ɪn ə pleɪər. ðɪs kənˈsərnz ˈvɛri fju kləbz bət aɪ θɪŋk ˌæbsəˈlutli raɪt. hi spoʊk əv ðə əv ðə jersey”*” biɪŋ ə ˈbərdən fər ˈsərtən pleɪərz ənd ɪf ðeɪ wər nɑt əv ðə raɪt ˈproʊˌfaɪl ər ˈkɛrɪktər, ðeɪ ˈhændəl ɪt. aɪ bɪˈliv ðɪs ɪz ˈoʊnli ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ə səˈlɛkt fju kləbz ðə kləbz ə pleɪər goʊz tɪ wɛr ðə trəˈdɪʃən, ˈhɪstəri ənd ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən əˈloʊn ɪz ɛz ˈdɔntɪŋ ənd ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ ɛz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət maɪt əˈkər ɔn ðə ˈfʊtˌbɔl pɪʧ. aɪ bɪˈliv ˈrɑʤərz wʊd hæv ˈɛvər əˈtɛmptəd tɪ saɪn ˈʤɔrdən ˈhɛndərsən, bət ə ˈtɛstəmənt tɪ ðɛm boʊθ ðət naʊ ˈvɛri məʧ ə ˈbrɛndən ˈrɑʤərz pleɪər. ðə əv ðə jersey”*” ɪz ɛz bɪg əv ə ˈhərdəl ɛz ˈɛni ɪn ðə geɪm ənd ˈivɪn mɔr əv ə ˈʧælənʤ fər jəŋ pleɪərz. ɪn keɪs, ˈɛniˌθɪŋ noʊn ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsaɪnɪŋ fər ˈlɪvərˌpul wɑz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ drɔ əˈpɑn wɪn hi əraɪvd. ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtərəli noʊ kəmˈpɛrəsən hi meɪd bɪtˈwin ðə tu steɪt əv əˈfɛrz, ənd wɛr aɪ hæv greɪt ˈsɪmpəθi wɪθ kɪdz ˈmuvɪŋ tɪ bɪg kləbz ˈnəθɪŋ ˈɛvər ɪkˈspɪriənst. ɪt ˈsɛpərˌeɪts ðə mɛn frəm ðə lædz məst ˈriəˌlaɪz kˈwɪkli ðət ˈgɪtɪŋ tɪ ə kləb laɪk ˈlɪvərˌpul ɪz ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ˈʤərni, nɑt ðə ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ θɪŋk ˈhɛndərsən ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli fɔl ˈɪntu ðət læk əv ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ. ju kʊd si hi wɑz ˈdɛspərɪt tɪ kənˈtɪnju hɪz ˈʤərni ənd hi nu fʊl wɛl hi meɪd ɪt ʤɪst bɪˈkəz saɪnd fər ˈlɪvərˌpul. aɪ bɪˈliv ðə ˈrizən fər ðə pleɪər wi si təˈdeɪ. hi həz ə rɪˈzɪljəns ənd dɪˈzaɪər tɪ səkˈsid ðət ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈɑbviəs bət ɪz ə treɪt ðət həz məˈtjʊrd ˈoʊvər ðə læst 18 mənθs. ˈhɛndərsən ɪz ə ˈwəndərfəl ɪgˈzæmpəl əv wət ˈbrɛndən ˈrɑʤərz həz dən tɪ ˈlɪvərˌpul. flərɪʃt ənd ˈbɛnəˌfɪtɪd frəm ˈfaɪndɪŋ hɪz oʊn aɪˈdɛntəˌti. hɪz ˈmænɪʤər həz ækˈsɛptɪd hi məst ˈfɑloʊ hɪz oʊn pæθ tɪ hɪz æmˈbɪʃən ənd ðət ə prəˈgrɛʃən ɪz ˈteɪlərd ɔn ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈbeɪsɪs ju ˈblæŋkɪt ˈkəvər ə dɪˈvɛləpmənt, noʊ sɛt ˈstrəkʧər. ðə wəns ˈtɪmɪd, rɪˈləktənt ˈtiˌneɪʤər həz ɪˈvɑlvd ˈɪntu ə fænˈtæstɪk ˈɛnərʤi ɔn ðə pɪʧ wɑz ˈnɛvər ɪn kˈwɛʃən, bət naʊ ˈfoʊkɪst ənd ˈtɑrgəts ɔl ðə raɪt ˈpleɪsɪz. ðət dɪˈmɪnjətɪv ənd slaɪt freɪm ɪz naʊ ə brɔd ˈʃoʊldərd, ˈpaʊərfəl ˈɪnʤən ðət ˈmoʊtərz ɪm əˈbaʊt ðə pɪʧ laɪk fju ˈəðərz. ˈʤɔrdən ˈhɛndərsən ɪz naʊ ə ˈbrɪljənt footballer*. əˈgɛnst wɛst brɑm hi ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊd ðə nɛkst əˈtrɪˌbjut dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ goʊl ˈskɔrɪŋ. noʊ ˈrizən waɪ hi bi ə goʊl ə ˈsizən pleɪər, ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðɪs ɪz ˈpjʊrli ɔn haʊ hi ɪz utilised*. pleɪərz laɪk ɪm kən bɪˈkəm ə ˈvɪktɪm əv ðɛr oʊn səkˈsɛs; ðeɪ du ə greɪt ʤɑb ˈteɪlərd təˈwɔrdz ðə tim nidz bət ˈsækrəˌfaɪs wət wʊd ˈbɛnəfɪt ðɛm ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli. ˈhɛndərsən kən ˈfɪnɪʃ, noʊ ˈdaʊtɪŋ ðət. wi sɔ əˈgɛnst wɛst brɑm ðət hi kən faɪnd pəˈzɪʃənz ənd noʊ ˈrizən waɪ hi bi juzd ɪn ə roʊl wɛr hi kən gɪt ɔn ðə mɔr ˈrɛgjələrli. ðə ɪz naʊ wən əv ðə fərst neɪmz ɔn tim ʃit ənd wɪθ hɪz kənˈtɪnjud ˌɪmˈpruvmənt hi wɪl bi fər ˈmɛni jɪrz tɪ kəm. hɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns ʃʊd bi kənˈsɪdərd ənd ˈvæljud mɔr ðən ˈəðərz bɪˈkəz əv haʊ ˈdɪfəkəlt hɪz ˈʤərni həz bɪn ɪn ˈgɪtɪŋ ðɛr. wɪθ hɪz ˈkɑnfədɛns naʊ haɪ ju kən si haʊ ən əˈθɔrəˌteɪtɪv ˈfɪgjər wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈdrɛsɪŋ rum. ˌɪnˈdid, əˈgɛnst wɛst brɑm hi wɑz ˈbɑrkɪŋ æt hɪz ˈkæptən tɪ kip ðə bɔl ɪn ðə ˈkɔrnər wɪθ taɪm ˈrənɪŋ aʊt ənd ɛz ˈvoʊkəl ɛz ˈɛniˌwən ɛls ɪn ə rɛd ʃərt. kənˈsɪdər ɔl ðɪs wɪn ɪt bɪn soʊ ˈsɪmpəl fər ɪm tɪ teɪk ðə ˈizi ˈɔpʃən ənd muv əˈweɪ tɪ ə kləb wɛr hi kʊd ˈɔpərˌeɪt ɪn ə ˈkəmfərt zoʊn ðət ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈɛni əv ðə əˈtrɪˌbjuts ˈpruvən æt ˈlɪvərˌpul. nɑt ðət aɪ θɪŋk ðə ˈfɪnɪʃt ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈiðər aɪ gɪt ðə ˌɪmˈprɛʃən ðət hi ɪz stɪl dɪˈskəvərɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf wɪʧ ɪz ə ˈskɛri θɔt kənˈsɪdərɪŋ haʊ gʊd hi ɔˈrɛdi ɪz. ˈʤɔrdən ˈhɛndərsən, aɪ wɑz rɔŋ. pics*: ˈdeɪvɪd
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nobody likes to admit they’re wrong do they? so hard nosed and infallible are people’s opinions on football – and i am of course generalising here – that perhaps many are afraid such an admission will destroy their reputation and credibility as a voice, particularly in a social-media driven society, writes david downie. but despite this there are still times that you just have to hold your hands up no matter how reluctant or stubborn your opinion may be and plainly say you were wrong.
i was wrong. i couldn’t have been more wrong.
how can a player who seemingly appeared to be afraid of his own shadow not three years ago, become so valorous and develop a leadership and self responsibility that makes him an integral part of a football club?
i speak, of course, of jordan henderson.
in mid-june 2011, i was sent to melwood to interview young jordan on his completion of joining liverpool. “a fish out of water,” i recall one journalist saying in the press room as he posed for photographs. his boyish looks and diminutive appearance didn’t help his cause with the ink still drying on a big contract coupled with a £16million price tag. his words that followed did little to inspire either.
clearly the occasion and realisation of signing for a club like liverpool was still something he was trying to grasp and his answers to the typical questions suggested as much. a colleague asked him about his thoughts on steven gerrard, with another suggesting he could potentially be taking over his mantle. a ridiculous question at the time and perhaps even now it would be an insult to suggest anyone could even come close to gerrard’s stature. but perhaps a barometer of henderson’s progression since that was put to him, is that such a statement wouldn’t be quite so ludicrous today.
my initial impression of henderson on the pitch made me wonder why anyone would pay such a hefty fee for player who appeared to lack any genuine quality and self confidence. whenever asked about him i was never shy in questioning the madness in him getting in the team and suggested liverpool cut their losses as soon as they could.
don’t get me wrong, there was never anything vindictive in what i was saying. i’m sure many will agree for a long time it seemed as if henderson would be another of far too many liverpool signings who would eventually be swept under the carpet. to their credit, others kept the faith and i remember a new cliche almost developing from the believers suggesting he would follow a path similar to that of lucas and his rise to prominence.
couldn’t have any of that, me. jordan henderson was consigned to the bin and there he’d stay until sunderland tried to get a loan back or a newly promoted club pitched £5m to take him off liverpool’s hands, which they’d happily take. that was that.
how wrong could i be?
i’m not sure who, why, or when it happened, but the penny finally dropped for jordan henderson and how liverpool have reaped the benefit of their persistence with him.
one interview with rodgers that will always resonate with me was when he discussed his approach to recruitment. it was all about profile and character. for rodgers this took priority over certain other obvious attributes in a player.
this concerns very few clubs but i think he’s absolutely right. he spoke of the “weight of the jersey” being a burden for certain players and if they were not of the right profile or character, they couldn’t handle it. i believe this is only relevant to a select few clubs – the clubs a player goes to where the tradition, history and expectation alone is as daunting and overwhelming as anything that might occur on the football pitch.
i don’t believe rodgers would have ever attempted to sign jordan henderson, but it’s a testament to them both that he’s now very much a brendan rodgers player. the “weight of the jersey” is as big of a hurdle as any in the game and even more of a challenge for young players. in henderson’s case, anything he’d known before signing for liverpool was impossible to draw upon when he arrived.
there is literally no comparison he could’ve made between the two state of affairs, and that’s where i have great sympathy with kids moving to big clubs – it’s nothing they’ve ever experienced. it separates the men from the boys.these lads must realise quickly that getting to a club like liverpool is the beginning of journey, not the destination.
however, i think henderson didn’t necessarily fall into that lack of understanding. you could see he was desperate to continue his journey and he knew full well he hadn’t made it just because he’d signed for liverpool. i believe that’s the reason for the player we see today. he has a resilience and desire to succeed that wasn’t always obvious but is a trait that has matured over the last 18 months.
henderson is a wonderful example of what brendan rodgers has done to liverpool. he’s flourished and benefited from finding his own identity. his manager has accepted he must follow his own path to fulfil his ambition and that a player’s progression is tailored on an individual basis – you can’t blanket cover a player’s development, there’s no set structure.
the once timid, reluctant teenager has evolved into a fantastic midfield player.his energy on the pitch was never in question, but now it’s focused and targets all the right places. that diminutive and slight frame is now a broad shouldered, powerful engine that motors him about the pitch like few others. jordan henderson is now a brilliant footballer.
against west brom he also showed the next attribute he’s developing – goal scoring. there’s no reason why he shouldn’t be a 10-15 goal a season player, however this is purely dependant on how he is utilised. players like him can become a victim of their own success; they do a great job tailored towards the team needs but sacrifice what would benefit them individually.
henderson can finish, there’s no doubting that. we saw against west brom that he can find goalscoring positions and there’s no reason why he can’t be used in a role where he can get on the scoresheet more regularly.
the wearsider is now one of the first names on liverpool’s team sheet and with his continued improvement he will be for many years to come. his importance should be considered and valued more than others because of how difficult his journey has been in getting there. with his confidence now high you can see how he’s an authoritative figure within the dressing room.
indeed, against west brom he was barking at his captain to keep the ball in the corner with time running out and he’s as vocal as anyone else in a red shirt. consider all this when it would’ve been so simple for him to take the easy option and move away to a club where he could operate in a comfort zone that didn’t require any of the attributes he’s proven at liverpool.
not that i think he’s the finished article either – i get the impression that he is still discovering himself – which is a scary thought considering how good he already is.
jordan henderson, i was wrong.
pics: david rawcliffe/propaganda-photo
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ðə ˈbitɪŋ dɛθ əv ə ˈmɛnəli ɪl ˈhoʊmləs mæn baɪ ˈfʊlərtən pəˈlis əˈpɪrd tɪ bi ˈloʊkəl ˈpɑləˌtɪks ˈtuzˌdeɪ ɛz ˈvoʊtərz wər ɔn peɪs tɪ ˈriˌkɔl θri ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmɛmbərz ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd fər ðɛr ˈtɛpɪd rɪˈspɑns tɪ ən ˈɪnsədənt ðət ˈgɑrnərd ˈnæʃənəl ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz. ɪn ˈərli rɪˈtərnz, ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmɛmbərz ˈrɪʧərd ““dick”*” ʤoʊnz, pæt məˈkɪnli ənd dɑn ˈbæŋˌkhɛd wər biɪŋ ˈbitən baɪ ˈmɑrʤənz. ˈlidɪŋ ɪn voʊts tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðɛm wər ˈfʊlərtən ˈplænɪŋ kəˈmɪʃənər ˈtrævɪs ˈkaɪgər, əˈtərni dəg ˈʧæfi ənd grɛg sebourn*, ə ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn ənd ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtər. ˌɪnərˈæktɪv mæp: ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈpraɪˌmɛri rɪˈzəlts ʤoʊnz, məˈkɪnli ənd ˈbæŋˌkhɛd wər ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd baɪ ˈmɛni ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti fər nɑt əˈgrɛsɪvli ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ðə əˈlɛʤd pəˈlis bruˈtælɪti kɔt ɔn sərˈveɪləns ˈkæmərəz. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, pəˈlis ʧif stɛpt daʊn, ənd tu əv ðə ˈɔfɪsərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wər ˈkrɪmənəli ʧɑrʤd. ðə ˈriˌkɔl kæmˈpeɪn wɑz ˈbæŋˌkroʊld baɪ ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn ˈtoʊni, ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈæktɪvɪst ənd ˈblɔgər ˈɔfən æt ɑdz wɪθ ðə ˈkaʊnsəl məˈʤɔrəti ðət wɑz ˈtɑrgətɪd. səm əˈkjuzd əv ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtɪŋ thomas’*’ dɛθ. ðə ˈərli rɪˈzəlts ʃoʊd ðə ˈkaʊnsəl məˈʤɔrəti ˈʃɪftɪŋ təˈwɔrd ə rɪˈpəblɪkən sleɪt bækt baɪ, hu bækt ˈkaɪgər ə ˈblɔgər wɪθ frɛndz fər fˈjuʧər blɔg ənd sebourn*. ˈʧæfi, ə ˈdɛməˌkræt, hæd rən ɪn ðə 2010 ɪˈlɛkʃən ənd wɑz ˈnɛroʊli dɪˈfitɪd. ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju læst wik, ˈkaɪgər sɛd ðə ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmɛmbərz hæd bɪn ɪn ðə ˈsɪti fər tu lɔŋ ənd wər ɪnˈtrɛnʧt ɪn paʊər ˈstrəkʧərz ðət "ˈklaʊdɪd ðɛr ˈʤəʤmənt." θɪŋk wət goʊɪŋ tɪ si ɪf ðə ˈriˌkɔl ɪz səkˈsɛsfəl ɪz ə ril ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ əv ðə guard,”*,” hi sɛd. pɑrt əv ðət ʧeɪnʤ ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˈʧɪpɪŋ əˈweɪ ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv ðə pəˈlis ənd ˈəðər ˈpəblɪk ɪmˈplɔɪi ˈjunjənz, ˈkaɪgər sɛd. si ðɛm ˈluzɪŋ ðət ˈɪnfluəns fər ʃʊr ənd ðə ˈbæləns wɪl tɪp bæk təˈwɔrd ðə ˈtækˌspeɪər, wɪʧ ɪn maɪ vju ɪz ə gʊd thing,”*,” hi sɛd. məˈkɪnli, hu wɑz pəˈlis ʧif fər 16 jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ ɪˈlɛktɪd tɪ ðə ˈkaʊnsəl, sɛd hi wɑz nɑt ʃʊr ðɛr wɑz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmɛmbərz kʊd hæv dən tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈvoʊtərz' maɪndz. "ˈpipəl wər soʊ ˈɪnˌsɛnst baɪ ðə [ˈkɛli ˈtɑməs] ˈɪnsədənt, ənd ðeɪ wər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈsəmˌwən tɪ hoʊld əˈkaʊntəbəl," hi sɛd. məˈkɪnli sɛd hi ˈwɪʃɪz ðə ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈkænədɪts wɛl. "ðə ɪˈlɛktərət həz ˈspoʊkən, ənd ɪf əm rɪˈkɔld, aɪl goʊ ɔn maɪ weɪ," hi sɛd. ˈɔlsoʊ: ɪˈlɛkʃən deɪ: ˈrəˌnɔf ˈlaɪkli ɪn sæn diˈeɪgoʊ meɪərz reɪs 2 ˈsɛntrəl ˈbeɪsən ˈwɔtər bɔrd ˈmɛmbərz treɪl ɪn ˈərli rɪˈtərnz ˈkɑmptən ˈvoʊtɪŋ raɪts ˈbælət ˈmɛʒər ˈpæsɪŋ ɪn ˈərli rɪˈtərnz maɪk ˈænˌtɔn ənd ˈæbi suɪl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈtrævɪs ˈkaɪgər ˈsɛnər, smaɪlz ɛz krɪs ˈtɑmsən ənd ˈtoʊni həg ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈpɑrti ɛz rɪˈzəlts fər ðə ˈfʊlərtən ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsəl ˈriˌkɔl kəm ɪn. ˈkrɛdɪt: æn ˈkjuzək lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs taɪmz
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the beating death of a mentally ill homeless man by fullerton police appeared to be upending local politics tuesday as voters were on pace to recall three city council members criticized for their tepid response to an incident that garnered national headlines.
in early returns, council members richard “dick” jones, pat mckinley and don bankhead were being beaten by 2-to-1 margins.
leading in votes to replace them were fullerton planning commissioner travis kiger, attorney doug chaffee and greg sebourn, a businessman and educator.
interactive map: california primary results
jones, mckinley and bankhead were criticized by many in the community for not aggressively dealing with the alleged police brutality caught on surveillance cameras. eventually, fullerton’s police chief stepped down, and two of the officers involved were criminally charged.
the recall campaign was bankrolled by businessman tony bushala, a libertarian-leaning political activist and blogger often at odds with the council majority that was targeted. some accused bushala of exploiting thomas’ death.
the early results showed the council majority shifting toward a libertarian-leaning republican slate backed by bushala, who backed kiger -- a blogger with bushala's friends for fullerton's future blog -- and sebourn.
chaffee, a democrat, had run in the 2010 election and was narrowly defeated.
in an interview last week, kiger said the sitting council members had been in the city for too long and were entrenched in power structures that "clouded their judgment."
“i think what we’re going to see if the recall is successful is a real changing of the guard,” he said. part of that change involves chipping away the influence of the police and other public employee unions, kiger said.
“i see them losing that influence for sure and the balance will tip back toward the taxpayer, which in my view is a good thing,” he said.
mckinley, who was police chief for 16 years before being elected to the council, said he was not sure there was anything the council members could have done to change voters' minds.
"people were so incensed by the [kelly thomas] incident, and they were looking for someone to hold accountable," he said.
mckinley said he wishes the winning candidates well.
"the electorate has spoken, and if i'm recalled, i'll go on my way," he said.
also:
election day: runoff likely in san diego mayor's race
2 central basin water board members trail in early returns
compton voting rights ballot measure passing in early returns
-- mike anton and abby sewell
photo: travis kiger center, smiles as chris thompson and tony bushala hug during an election party as results for the fullerton city council recall come in. credit: anne cusack / los angeles times
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ə mənθ əˈgoʊ ˈlɛnərd ˈwəzənt ˈivɪn kənˈsɪdərd ðə bɛst ˈrənɪŋ bæk ɪn ðə sɛk. hi wɑz ə ˈkænədɪt fər ðə ˈhaɪsmən ˈtroʊfi. naʊ foʊks wɔnt ðə ˈsɑfˌmɔr tɪ ʤəmp streɪt ˈɪntu ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl dræft? tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈrəʃɪŋ tɪ ˈʤəʤmənt. ðɪs maɪt ðə ˈbɪgəst riˈækʃən ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl həz sin sɪns kʊk pɛgd rɑn tɪ wɪn tu ˈhaɪsmən ˈtroʊfiz. wi lɪv ɪn ə ˈmaɪkrəˌweɪv soʊˈsaɪɪti. ˈɛvriˌbɑdi wɔnts ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ raɪt naʊ, thisquick*. ɪn ˈtudeɪz wərld, noʊ wən wɔnts tɪ weɪt fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðæts ə gʊd θɪŋ. ɛg ənd ˈubər, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, ðoʊ, ɪts ˈbɛtər tɪ əˈlaʊ θɪŋz tɪ məˈʧʊr æt ðə ˈprɑpər reɪt θɪŋz laɪk ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl pleɪərz. ˈlɛnərd ʤɪst maɪt bi ðə bɛst pleɪər ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl. hi ˈsərtənli həz lʊkt ðət weɪ fər ðə fərst mənθ əv ðə ˈsizən. ənd hi maɪt ˌɪnˈdid bi ðə rɛr ˈkɑlɪʤ pleɪər ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ən ˈərli ʤəmp tɪ ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈæftər hɪz ˈsɛkənd ˈsizən. bət aɪ æsk, wəts ðə ˈhəri? həz pleɪd ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 15 ˈkɑlɪʤ geɪmz. fækt ɪz, hiz ʤɪst naʊ ˈgɪtɪŋ gʊd æt ðə geɪm ˈæftər ˈlərnɪŋ ðə geɪmz ˌɪdioʊˈsɪnkrəˌsiz ɛz ə ˈfrɛʃmən. lɛt ɪm ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ɪt fər ə ˈlɪtəl waɪl. aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt. ˈɛvriˌwən noʊz ðə ˈmɑrkəs lɑˈtimɔr ˈstɔri. hi wɑz saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnəz ˈvərʒən əv faɪv jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ðɛn keɪm ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ni ˈɪnʤəriz. lɑˈtimɔr wɑz ˈdræftɪd ɪn ðə fɔrθ raʊnd əv ðə 2013 ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl dræft bət ˈnɛvər rɪˈkəvərd frəm hɪz ˈɪnʤəriz ənd rɪˈtaɪrd frəm ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər. noʊ wən wɔnts tɪ si əˈnəðər lɑˈtimɔr ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ənd aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðoʊz hu ˈɑrgju əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl əv ðə ˈmætər, ðət noʊ wən ʃʊd stænd ɪn ðə weɪ əv ˈsəmˌwənz əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ərn ə ˈlɪvɪŋ. ˈɑbviəsli, moʊst ˈɑrənt ˈrɛdi ˈfɪzɪkəli ər ˈmɛnəli fər ðə dɪˈmændz əv prəˈfɛʃənəl spɔrts, bət ˈkoʊbeɪ braɪənt, səˈrinə ˈwɪljəmz ənd ˈʤɔrdən hæv ˈpruvən ðɛr ər ɪkˈsɛpʃənz tɪ ðə rul ɪn ˈɛvəri spɔrt. ðə ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ riʧt ˈɛpɪk prəˈpɔrʃənz ðɪs wik. ˈæftər ˈwɑʧɪŋ rən ˈrəfˈʃɑd ˈoʊvər hɪz əˈpoʊnənts fər ə θərd streɪt geɪm, ˈsimɪŋli ˈɛvəri ˈmidiə ˈmɛmbər ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə həz ˈblæstɪd ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl fər ɪts riˈstrɪkʃənz ənd rɪpt ðə əˈgɛn fər ɪts ˈoʊnərəs kənˈtroʊl. həz ˈɛniˌwən kənˈsɪdərd haʊ ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkəl ðɪs ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz? fərst, wi rɪp ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl fər ɪts sloʊ ɪmˈbreɪs əv pleɪər ˈseɪfti. naʊ, wi wɔnt tɪ treɪd hɪts wɪθ mɛn twaɪs ðɛr eɪʤ. mɔˈroʊvər, noʊ wən simz tɪ bi ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈoʊnli əˈpɪnjən ðət ˈrɪli ˈmætərz:, hɪmˈsɛlf. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈspikɪŋ fər ɪm, ˈmeɪbi wi ʃʊd ˈlɪsən tɪ ɪm. toʊld ʤoʊ ʃæd ˈæftər ðə ˈɑbərn geɪm ðət hi ˈdəzənt θɪŋk pleɪərz ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ tərn proʊ ˈæftər ðɛr ˈsɑfˌmɔr ˈsizənz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ meɪ bi ˈrɛdi ˈfɪzɪkəli bət nɑt ˈmɛnəli. ənd ðɛrz səm ˈmɛrət tɪ ðət aɪˈdiə. ɪz ənkˈwɛsʧənəbli ˈrɛdi fər ðə nɛkst ˈlɛvəl ˈfɪzɪkəli. ˈɑbərn kən əˈtɛst. bət ˈmɛnəli? wɛl, ðæts əˈnəðər kˈwɛʃən ˌɔltəˈgɛðər. ɪz məˈʧʊr bɪɔnd hɪz jɪrz bət hiz ˈɔlsoʊ ʤɪst 18 mənθs riˈmuvd frəm haɪ skul. ɪts ˈizi tɪ fərˈgɛt ðət hi ʤɪst tərnd 20 ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. ənd ðɛn ju si hɪz ˈbreɪsɪz ənd wɔʧ ɪm waɪl əˈweɪ ən ˌæftərˈnun wɪθ hɪz ˈbədiz pleɪɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz ənd ju rɪˈmɛmbər haʊ lʊks kən bi dɪˈsivɪŋ. ˈmeɪbi ðæts waɪ, ɪn ðə mɪst əv ðə ˈmidiə ˈfaɪrˌstɔrm ðɪs wik, tweeted*, "aɪ wɪl ˈnɛvər ʤəmp ʃɪp ˈdraʊnɪŋ wɪθ maɪ ˈbrəðərz." saʊnz laɪk ˈsəmˌwən mɔr ðən ˈkɑntɛnt tɪ lɪv ɪn ðə ˈprɛʃəs ˈprɛzənt. "ðə ˌriˈæləˌti əv ɪt ɪz ˈlɛnərd ɪz ə gaɪ," maɪəlz sɛd ɔn hɪz ˈwikli ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ʃoʊ ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. "hil du ðə raɪt θɪŋ. əm fər ɪm." maɪəlz ˌəndərˈstændz ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ˈbɛtər ðən ˈɛniˌwən. hi noʊz ɪz ə juˈnik ˈtælənt. hi maɪt nɑt seɪ soʊ ˈpəblɪkli, bət hi ˈfʊli ˌəndərˈstændz ðə ˈbɪznɪs saɪd əv ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ənd trəst mi, soʊ dɪz ənd hɪz tim əv ædˈvaɪzərz. waɪ du ju θɪŋk maɪəlz sɛd hi ənd hæv hæd "ˈlɛŋθi ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz" əˈbaʊt ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈpɑləsiz? maɪəlz sɛd hi ənd hɪz stæf ər ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈkɛriz, ənd aɪ hæv noʊ daʊt ðeɪ wɪl goʊɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd. ˈivɪn maɪəlz' moʊst ˈɑrdənt ˈkrɪtɪks ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðə mæn ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪnli kɛrz əˈbaʊt ðə bɛst ˈɪntərɪsts əv hɪz pleɪərz, ˈmeɪbi ˈivɪn tɪ ə fɔlt. greɪt pleɪərz laɪk ˈhərʃəl ˈwɔkər ənd ˈeɪdriən ˈpitərsən ˈæˌkʧuəli sɔ ðɛr ˈtəʧɪz rɪˈdust ɛz ðɛr ˈkɑlɪʤ kərɪrz prəˈgrɛst. aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ ɪmˈplɔɪ ə ˈsɪmələr ˈmɛθəd əv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən wɪθ. ənd fərˈgɛt ðɪs ˈnoʊʃən ðət həz ˈlɪtəl tɪ geɪn baɪ pleɪɪŋ ˈfʊtˌbɔl æt. ˈmɪriəd ˈrizənz ɪgˈzɪst fər ɪm tɪ steɪ ɪn skul. fərst, wɪl hæv ə ʧæns tɪ wɪn ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈtaɪtəl ənd sɪˈmɛnt hɪz ˈlɛgəsi ɛz pərˈhæps wən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst pleɪərz ɪn ˈhɪstəri. ˈlɛgəsi maɪt nɑt min ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ səm ˈpipəl, bət ɪt dɪz tɪ. ˈsɛkənd, hil hæv əˈnəðər ʧæns tɪ bi koʊʧt ənd treɪnd baɪ səm əv ðə bɛst ɪn ðə ˈbɪznɪs, fræŋk ˈwɪlsən, kæm ˈkæmərən ənd ˈtɑmi ˈmɑfɪt. æt, hil kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv hɪz ˈblɑkɪŋ, pæs ˈkæʧɪŋ ənd explosiveness*, ɔl ˈɛriəz ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl skaʊts wʊd laɪk tɪ si ɪm ɛnˈhæns. əˈgɛn, ðɛrz ə ˈvælju tɪ səʧ ɪˈlit ˈkoʊʧɪŋ ənd ˈtreɪnɪŋ. ənd, θərd, hi kən kənˈtɪnju tɪ bɪld hɪz brænd. pleɪɪŋ ɔn ˈnæʃənəl ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈɛvəri ˈəðər wik ɪz ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl. prəˈvaɪdz ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈplætˌfɔrm fər tɪ ˈboʊlstər hɪz kju ˈreɪtɪŋ. ˈrɛʤi bʊʃ ˈlændɪd mɔr ðən 11 ˈmɪljən ɪn ɛnˈdɔrsmənt dilz ˌbiˈfɔr hi stɛpt fʊt ɔn ən ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl fild θæŋks tɪ ˈsəðərn haɪ ˈproʊˌfaɪl. ˈsɪmələr ˌɑpərˈtunətiz wɪl əˈweɪt ɪf hi kənˈtɪnjuz ɔn ə ˈsɪmələr pæθ. ɪn fækt, aɪd ˈɑrgju hi wɪl ˈoʊnli ɛnˈhæns hɪz dræft stɑk ənd ˈmɑrkətɪŋ pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ baɪ pleɪɪŋ əˈnəðər jɪr. "wi ʤɪst wɔnt ˈlɛnərd tɪ goʊ tɪ klæs, goʊ tɪ ˈfʊtˌbɔl, ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ə sˈmætərɪŋ əv ˈmidiə ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ənd pleɪ bɔl ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ənd hæv fən," maɪəlz sɛd. "hæv fən wɪθ hɪz ˈkɑlɪʤ. aɪ θɪŋk ðə əˈproʊʧ wi hæv ɪz ə kˈwɑləti wən." aɪ ˈkʊdənt hæv sɛd ɪt ˈbɛtər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. haʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz kən ju seɪ ðət əˈbaʊt ə lɛs maɪəlz kwoʊt?
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a month ago leonard fournette wasn't even considered the best running back in the sec. he was a second-tier candidate for the heisman trophy.
now folks want the lsu sophomore to jump straight into the nfl draft?
talk about rushing to judgment.
this might the biggest knee-jerk reaction college football has seen since beano cook pegged ron powlus to win two heisman trophies.
we live in a microwave society. everybody wants everything right now, thisquick. in today's technology-driven world, no one wants to wait for anything.
sometimes that's a good thing. egg genies and uber, for example.
sometimes, though, it's better to allow things to mature at the proper rate -- things like college football players.
leonard fournette just might be the best player in college football. he certainly has looked that way for the first month of the season. and he might indeed be the rare college player capable of making an early jump to the nfl after his second season.
but i ask, what's the hurry? fournette has played a total of 15 college games. fact is, he's just now getting good at the game after learning the game's idiosyncrasies as a freshman. let him enjoy it for a little while.
i understand the argument.
everyone knows the marcus lattimore story. he was south carolina's version of fournette five years ago. then came a series of devastating knee injuries. lattimore was drafted in the fourth round of the 2013 nfl draft but never recovered from his injuries and retired from football in november.
no one wants to see another lattimore situation.
and i understand those who argue about the principle of the matter, that no one should stand in the way of someone's ability to earn a living.
obviously, most 20-somethings aren't ready physically or mentally for the demands of professional sports, but kobe bryant, serena williams and jordan speith have proven there are exceptions to the rule in every sport.
the outrage reached epic proportions this week. after watching fournette run roughshod over his opponents for a third straight game, seemingly every media member in america has blasted the nfl for its age-limit restrictions and ripped the ncaa again for its onerous control.
has anyone considered how hypocritical this argument is?
first, we rip the nfl for its slow embrace of player safety. now, we want 20-year-olds to trade hits with men twice their age.
moreover, no one seems to be listening to the only opinion that really matters: fournette, himself. instead of speaking for him, maybe we should listen to him.
fournette told espn's joe schad after the auburn game that he doesn't think players should be able to turn pro after their sophomore seasons because they may be ready physically but not mentally.
and there's some merit to that idea. fournette is unquestionably ready for the next level physically. auburn can attest. but mentally? well, that's another question altogether.
fournette is mature beyond his years but he's also just 18 months removed from high school. it's easy to forget that he just turned 20 in january. and then you see his braces and watch him while away an afternoon with his buddies playing video games and you remember how looks can be deceiving.
maybe that's why fournette, in the midst of the media firestorm this week, tweeted, "i will never jump ship ... drowning with my brothers."
sounds like someone more than content to live in the precious present.
"the reality of it is leonard is a squared-away guy," miles said on his weekly radio show on wednesday. "he'll do the right thing. i'm for him."
miles understands the situation better than anyone. he knows fournette is a unique talent. he might not say so publicly, but he fully understands the business side of fournette's situation. and trust me, so does fournette and his team of advisers. why do you think miles said he and fournette have had "lengthy conversations" about insurance policies?
miles said he and his staff are monitoring fournette's carries, and i have no doubt they will going forward. even miles' most ardent critics acknowledge the man genuinely cares about the best interests of his players, maybe even to a fault.
great players like herschel walker and adrian peterson actually saw their touches reduced as their college careers progressed. i expect lsu to employ a similar method of operation with fournette.
and forget this notion that fournette has little to gain by playing football at lsu. myriad reasons exist for him to stay in school.
first, fournette will have a chance to win a national title and cement his legacy as perhaps one of the greatest players in lsu history. legacy might not mean anything to some people, but it does to fournette.
second, he'll have another chance to be coached and trained by some of the best in the business, frank wilson, cam cameron and tommy moffitt. at lsu, he'll continue to improve his blocking, pass catching and explosiveness, all areas nfl scouts would like to see him enhance. again, there's a value to such elite coaching and training.
and, third, he can continue to build his brand. playing on national television every other week is invaluable. lsu provides a powerful platform for fournette to bolster his q rating.
reggie bush landed more than $11 million in endorsement deals before he stepped foot on an nfl field thanks to southern cal's high profile. similar opportunities will await fournette if he continues on a similar path.
in fact, i'd argue he will only enhance his draft stock and marketing portfolio by playing another year.
"we just want leonard to go to class, go to football, enjoy a smattering of media opportunities and play ball on saturday and have fun," miles said. "have fun with his college. i think the approach we have is a quality one."
i couldn't have said it better myself. how many times can you say that about a les miles quote?
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‘‘ready* pleɪər one’*’ ɪz amazballs*, fərst ənd ˈfɔrˌmoʊst. ɪts ˈstɔri ɪz juˈnik ənd ˈbrɪljənt. ðə meɪn ˈkɛrɪktərz ər dip ənd relate-able*. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs bʊk tɪ ˈɛniˌwən, nɑt ʤɪst ˈləvərz əv ˌsaɪˈfaɪ. wɪn ðə ˈmuvi kəmz aʊt, aɪ wɪl ˈdɛfənətli bi ðə fərst ɪn laɪn tɪ si ɪt. aɪ ləv ðə bʊk ðət məʧ, bət ɛz ˈɔstən paʊərz pʊt soʊ pəˈlaɪtli, sɛd ðət, aɪ du hæv səm thoughts.”*.” kʊd hæv bɪn ˈlɔŋgər ðɪs ɪz mɔr əv ə ˈkɑmpləmɛnt ðən ə ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm. aɪ ˈpərsənəli wʊd hæv ləvd tɪ bi ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˌɪˈmərst ɪn ðə wərld ˈərnɪst klaɪn. hi dɪz səʧ ə greɪt ʤɑb əv ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðə wərld, bət hi ˈrɪli goʊ ɪn tɪ ˈɛni ˈditeɪl əv wət ɪz ˈpɑsəbli ˈhæpənɪŋ ɪn ðə ril wərld, nɑt ðə oʊˈeɪsɪs. bət aɪ ˈtoʊtəli gɪt ðət, ɪn ə fæst peɪst bʊk laɪk ðɪs ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðə ril wərld ənd nɑt ˈstɪkɪŋ tɪ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri kʊd hæv ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd ðə ˈridər. wɪʧ brɪŋz mi tɪ maɪ nɛkst pɔɪnt. kʊd hæv bɪn ə ˈlɪtəl sloʊər ðə kluz tɪ kwɛst fər ðə ˈistər ɛg wər ɪkˈstrimli veɪg. aɪ gru əp ɪn ðə ənd aɪ θɔt aɪ wʊd hæv ə ˈprɪti gʊd ˈhændəl ɔn ðə kluz ˈgɪvɪn, bət aɪ wɑz lɔst. ðət əˈsaɪd, aɪ wʊd hæv bɪn ˈpərfəktli ˈoʊˈkeɪ wɪθ ˈlɛtɪŋ ðə ˈstɔri pleɪ aʊt ənd ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə proʊˈtægənəst dɪˈskəvər ðə kluz, bət aɪ fɛlt səʧ ə ˈərʤənsi tɪ faɪnd ðɛm aʊt aɪ faʊnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈguglɪŋ ðə kluz ənd traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈfɪgjər ðɛm aʊt fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. aɪ ləvd ðət ðə ˈɔθər wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ pʊl mi ɪn tɪ ðə ˈstɔri hɑrd ɪˈnəf tɪ meɪk mi ˈgugəl stəf, bət aɪ ləˈmɛnt fər maɪ hɑrt reɪt ənd bləd ˈprɛʃər. ˈɔltərˌneɪt ˈɛndɪŋ? aɪ ləvd ðə ˈɛndɪŋ. ɪt wɑz ˈhæpi ənd ˈɛvriˌbɑdi hæd wət ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd. ðə gik gɑt ðə gərl ənd ðə ʤɑk gɑt rekt*. aɪ ˈrɪli θɔt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə haɪt əv ðə ɑrk ðət ðɛr wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi səm kaɪnd əv nidz tɪ weɪk up”*”, wɪʧ aɪ gɑt əˈtæʧt tɪ. soʊ wɪn wɑz ʃoʊn ðə bɪg rɛd ˈbətən aɪ θɔt fər ʃʊr hi wʊd pʊʃ ɪt. aɪ kwaɪt ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd ðət hi pʊʃ ɪt, bət ðɛr wɑz ə pis əv mi ðət ˈwɔntɪd tɪ si ðə dɛθ əv ðə drim. aɪ gɛs ɪt wʊd hæv bɪn kul tɪ si ˈhælɪˌdeɪ rɪˈgrɛt hɪz kriˈeɪʃən. aɪ wʊd hæv ləvd tɪ si ðɪs wɛr ˈhælɪˌdeɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət hi spɛnt hɪz laɪf ɪn hɪz oʊn ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən ənd hi ləvd ɪt æt fərst, bət ðɛn wɪn juˈmænɪti spɛnt ðɛr laɪf ˈdrimɪŋ ənd lɛft ðə wərld tɪ ruɪn, hi nu hi hæd meɪd ə greɪt mɪˈsteɪk. ɪt wʊd hæv bɪn kul, bət aɪ θɪŋk ðət wʊd hæv bɪˈlɔŋd ɪn ə ˈlɔŋgər ˈɛpɪk taɪp ˈbætəl tɪ seɪv ðə wərld ənd nɑt ʤɪst ðə oʊˈeɪsɪs. soʊ ðɛr ju hæv ɪt, maɪ tu sɛnts (klɪŋk, klɪŋk) aɪ ləvd ðə bʊk. aɪ ʤɪst wɪʃ ɪt wɑz ˈlɔŋgər soʊ aɪ kʊd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ mɔr əv ˈərnɪst fænˈtæstɪk ˈraɪtɪŋ. θæŋks fər ðə rɛd. laɪk ənd səbˈskraɪb ɪf ju wɪʃ tɪ. ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts
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‘ready player one’ is amazballs, first and foremost. its story is unique and brilliant. the main characters are deep and relate-able. i recommend this book to anyone, not just lovers of sci-fi. when the movie comes out, i will definitely be the first in line to see it. i love the book that much, but as austin powers put so politely, “having said that, i do have some thoughts.”
could have been longer
this is more of a compliment than a criticism. i personally would have loved to be a little more immersed in the world ernest cline. he does such a great job of explaining the world, but he doesn’t really go in to any detail of what is possibly happening in the real world, not the oasis. but i totally get that, in a fast paced book like this explaining the real world and not sticking to the main story could have frustrated the reader. which brings me to my next point.
could have been a little slower
the clues to halliday’s quest for the easter egg were extremely vague. i grew up in the 80’s and i thought i would have a pretty good handle on the clues given, but i was lost. that aside, i would have been perfectly ok with letting the story play out and reading the protagonist discover the clues, but i felt such a urgency to find them out i found myself googling the clues and trying to figure them out for myself. i loved that the author was able to pull me in to the story hard enough to make me google stuff, but i lament for my heart rate and blood pressure.
alternate ending?
i loved the ending. it was happy and everybody had what they wanted. the geek got the girl and the jock got rekt. i really thought during the height of the arc that there was going to be some kind of “everyone needs to wake up”, which i got attached to. so when parzival was shown the big red button i thought for sure he would push it. i wasn’t quite disappointed that he didn’t push it, but there was a piece of me that wanted to see the death of the dream. i guess it would have been cool to see halliday regret his creation. i would have loved to see this under-story where halliday realized that he spent his life in his own imagination and he loved it at first, but then when humanity spent their life dreaming and left the world to ruin, he knew he had made a great mistake. it would have been cool, but i think that would have belonged in a longer epic type battle to save the world and not just the oasis.
so there you have it, my two cents (clink, clink) i loved the book. i just wish it was longer so i could enjoy more of ernest cline’s fantastic writing. thanks for the read. like and subscribe if you wish to.
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ˈɪməgrənt ˈboʊnəsɪz faɪl ɪn ðɪs noʊv. 20 2014 faɪl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ, ə səˈpɔrtər hoʊldz ə ˈtæblət ɪn frənt əv ðə waɪt haʊs ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃən ˌbiˈfɔr ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈæˌdrɛs. (ˌeɪˈpi ˈbrændən) (ˈæləks ˈbrændən) ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈmɪljənz əv ˈɪməgrənts ˈbɛnəfɪtɪŋ frəm ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑməz ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈækʃənz kʊd gɪt ə ˈwɪndˌfɔl frəm ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs, ə rɪˈvərsəl əv ˈfɔrʧən ˈæftər jɪrz əv peɪɪŋ ˈtæksɪz tɪ hɛlp fənd ˈgəvərnmənt ˈproʊˌgræmz ðeɪ wər bænd frəm rɪˈsivɪŋ. ɑrmd wɪθ nu ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈnəmbərz, ˈmɛni əv ðiz ˈɪməgrənts hu wər ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə juz. ˌɪˈligəli wɪl naʊ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ kleɪm əp tɪ fɔr jɪrz' wərθ əv tæks ˈkrɛdɪts dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈbɛnəfɪt ðə ˈwərkɪŋ pur. fər bɪg ˈfæməliz, ðæts ə ˈmæksəməm əv ˈnɪrli ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðeɪ kən ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ðɛr ˈərnɪŋz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðoʊz jɪrz. səm rɪˈpəblɪkənz ər ˈleɪbəlɪŋ ðə ˈpeɪmənts "ˈæmnəsti ˈboʊnəsɪz," wən mɔr ˈrizən ðeɪ əˈpoʊz ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈproʊˌgræm ˈʃildɪŋ ˈmɪljənz əv ˈɪməgrənts frəm ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən. "aɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt hɑrd ˈwərkɪŋ, ˈtɛksənz," sɛd rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. sæm ˈʤɑnsən, ə ˈsinjər rɪˈpəblɪkən ɔn ðə haʊs weɪz ənd minz kəˈmɪti. "aɪ θɪŋk ðiz ˈæmnəsti rɪˈwɔrdz, ənd ðæts wət ðeɪ ər, nid tɪ bi stɑpt." ˈædvəˌkeɪts ˈɑrgju ðət ˈmɛni əv ðiz ˈɪməgrənts peɪ ˈtæksɪz, soʊ ðeɪ ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ kleɪm ðə seɪm tæks ˈkrɛdɪts ɛz ˈɛnibədi ɛls. ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈdɛkeɪd, ˈɪməgrənts ɪn ðə juz. ˌɪˈligəli hæv peɪd ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd 100 ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈpeɪˌroʊl ˈtæksɪz, ˈivɪn ðoʊ fju wɪl ˈɛvər bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ kəˈlɛkt ˈbɛnəfɪts, sɛd ˈstivən gɔs, ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrətiz ʧif ˈækʧuˈɛˌri. ˌoʊˈbɑmə həz ˈɪʃud ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdərz ˈʃildɪŋ əˈbaʊt 4 ˈmɪljən ˈɪməgrənts frəm ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən. səm wər brɔt tɪ ðə juz. ɛz ˈʧɪldrən; ˈəðərz ər ˈpɛrənts əv ˈʧɪldrən hu ər ˈiðər juz. ˈsɪtɪzənz ər ˈligəl ˈrɛzɪdənts. rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs əˈpoʊz ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈækʃənz ənd ər traɪɪŋ tɪ juz ə ˈfəndɪŋ bɪl fər ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti tɪ ˈoʊvərˌtərn ðɛm. ˈdɛməˌkræts ər rɪˈzɪstɪŋ, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ə ˈsteɪlˌmeɪt ðət ɪz θˈrɛtənɪŋ tɪ ʃət daʊn ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt. ˈfəndɪŋ fər ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt, wɪʧ ˈoʊvərˌsiz ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ɛnˈfɔrsmənt, rənz aʊt ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 27 ðə dɪˈspjut ˈoʊvər tæks ˈkrɛdɪts ˈɪləˌstreɪts ðə ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ðət ˈmɛni ˈɪməgrənts hæv wɪθ ðə juz. tæks ˈsɪstəm. ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət ˈɪməgrənts ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ˌɪˈligəli wərk æt əˈbaʊt ðə seɪm reɪt ɛz ðə rɛst əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈfɛdərəl lɔ bɑrz ðɛm frəm ɪmˈplɔɪmənt. ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl, ðeɪ ər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ peɪ ˈfɛdərəl ˈtæksɪz. ðoʊz hu du hæv bɪn ˈbustɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrətiz ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz fər jɪrz. haʊ dɪz ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti noʊ wɪn ɪt rɪˈsivz ˈtæksɪz frəm ˈɪməgrənts hu ər ɪn ðə juz. ˌɪˈligəli? ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈfulˌpruf ˈmɛθəd, gɔs sɛd. wən weɪ ɪz baɪ ˈtrækɪŋ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈweɪʤɪz ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈnəmbər dɪz nɑt mæʧ ðə neɪm ðə ˈeɪʤənsi həz ɔn faɪl. səm əv ðiz ər ˈklɛrɪkəl ˈɛrərz ər ˌənriˈpɔrtɪd neɪm ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, bət gɔs ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət ə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðiz ˈweɪʤɪz kəm frəm ˈɪməgrənts hu hæv meɪd əp ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈnəmbərz ər juzd ˈsəmˌwən ˈɛlsɪz. ðə ˈnəmbərz ər juʤ. frəm 2003 tɪ 2012 ðə ˈtoʊtəl wɑz ˈnɪrli 750 ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈweɪʤɪz. ˈtɛlɪŋli, ˈoʊnli 7 pərˈsɛnt əv ðiz ˈweɪʤɪz ər ˈɛvər kleɪmd ənd ˈkrɛdɪtɪd tɪ ən ˈækʧəwəl ˈwərkər, gɔs sɛd. ðɛr ər ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd 11 ˈmɪljən tɪ 12 ˈmɪljən ˈɪməgrənts ɪn ðə juz. ˌɪˈligəli. baɪ lɔ, ju məst hæv ə ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈnəmbər tɪ wərk ɪn ðə juz. bət ˈmɪljənz əv ˈpipəl wərk wɪˈθaʊt ðɛm. səm wərk ɪn ðə ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd du nɑt rɪˈpɔrt ðɛr ˈɪnˌkəm tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt. fər ðoʊz hu wərk ənd peɪ ˈfɛdərəl ˈɪnˌkəm ˈtæksɪz, ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs prəˈvaɪdz ðɛm wɪθ ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈtækˌspeɪər aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈnəmbər (itin*). sɪns 1996 ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs həz ˈɪʃud 21 ˈmɪljən əv ðiz ˈnəmbərz. əˈbaʊt əv ðɛm ər stɪl ɪn juz, ðə ˈeɪʤənsi sɪz. ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs ækˈsɛpts ðiz tæks rɪˈtərnz wɪˈθaʊt rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ˈtækˌspeɪərz tɪ ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən əˈθɔrətiz, ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs kəˈmɪʃənər ʤɑn ˈkɑskɪnən sɛd. ðət ɪnˈkərəʤəz ðə ˈwərkərz tɪ peɪ ˈtæksɪz. "wi doʊnt ɛnˈfɔrs ðə ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti lɔz, wi doʊnt ɛnˈfɔrs ðə ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən lɔz," ˈkɑskɪnən sɛd əv hɪz ˈeɪʤənsi. "ɪn fækt, ðə ˈrizən ˌɪˈligəl ˈɪməgrənts faɪl ˈtæksɪz wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs ɪz ðeɪ noʊ wi ˈɑrənt ˈʃɛrɪŋ ðət ˈdætə wɪθ ˈɛnibədi. wi trit ɪt ɛz ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən." ˈivɪn ɪf ðiz ˈɪməgrənts peɪ ˈtæksɪz, ðeɪ ər ˌɪˈnɛlɪʤəbəl fər moʊst ˈfɛdərəl ˈproʊˌgræmz. ðeɪ ˈkænɑt ˈligəli gɪt fud stæmps, ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈbɛnəfɪts, pɛl grænts ər ˈfɛdərəl ˈstudənt loʊnz. ðeɪ ˈkænɑt gɪt ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd, ɪkˈsɛpt fər ˈimərʤənsi ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsərvɪsɪz, ənd ər ˌɪˈnɛlɪʤəbəl fər ˈsəbsɪdiz ˈəndər ˌoʊˈbɑməz hɛlθ lɔ. ðeɪ kən kleɪm səm ˈfɛdərəl tæks breɪks, ɪf ðeɪ faɪl tæks rɪˈtərnz. bət ənˈtɪl naʊ, ðeɪ wər nɑt ˈɛlɪʤəbəl fər ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti, ˈmɛdəˌkɛr ər ðə ərnd ˈɪnˌkəm tæks ˈkrɛdɪt (eitc*), wən əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənts ˈlɑrʤəst ˈproʊˌgræmz. ˌoʊˈbɑməz ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈækʃənz wɪl ˈɔfər ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈnəmbərz tɪ ðiz ˈɪməgrənts, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli kʊd meɪk ðɛm ˈɛlɪʤəbəl fər ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈmɛdəˌkɛr. fər ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti, ju ˈʤɛnərəli hæv tɪ wərk ənd peɪ ˈpeɪˌroʊl ˈtæksɪz fər 10 jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr ju kˈwɑləˌfaɪ fər rɪˈtaɪərmənt ˈbɛnəfɪts. mɔr ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli, ðeɪ kən teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðə eitc*. læst jɪr, ðə ˈkrɛdɪt prəˈvaɪdɪd ˌloʊˈɪnkəm ˈwərkərz wɪθ əˈbaʊt 70 ˈbɪljən. ðɪs ˈkrɛdɪt ɪz ˈpɑpjələr əˈməŋ kənˈsərvətɪvz bɪˈkəz ɪt rɪˈwɔrdz wərk ðə mɔr ju wərk, ðə ˈbɪgər jʊr ˈkrɛdɪt, ɛz lɔŋ ɛz jʊr ˈɪnˌkəm dɪz nɑt ɪkˈsid ˈsərtən ˈlɪmɪts. ɪt ɪz ˈpɑpjələr əˈməŋ ˈlɪˌbərəlz bɪˈkəz ɪt prəˈvaɪdz kæʃ ˈpeɪmənts tɪ ˈwərkərz, ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ du nɑt meɪk ɪˈnəf ˈməni tɪ peɪ ˈfɛdərəl ˈɪnˌkəm tæks. ɪt ɪz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ ədˈmɪnɪstər ðət ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əˈmaʊnt əv ˌɪmˈprɑpər ˈpeɪmənts, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə oʊn ˈɛstəˌmeɪts. wəns ðə ˈɪməgrənts ɪn ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈproʊˌgræm gɪt ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈnəmbərz, ðeɪ kən faɪl tæks rɪˈtərnz ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðə eitc*, ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðeɪ mit ðə ˈɪnˌkəm rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ənd kən ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ðɛr ˈərnɪŋz. ðɛrz mɔr. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kən faɪl əˈmɛndɪd tæks rɪˈtərnz fər əp tɪ θri jɪrz ˈæftər ðeɪ wər du, wɪʧ minz ðiz ˈɪməgrənts kən kleɪm tæks ˈkrɛdɪts goʊɪŋ bæk ɛz fɑr ɛz 2011 (tæks rɪˈtərnz fər 2011 wər du ɪn ˈeɪprəl 2012 ðə ˈmæksəməm ˈkrɛdɪt fər ˈfæməliz wɪθ θri ər mɔr ˈʧɪldrən ɪz əˈbaʊt soʊ səm ˈfæməliz kʊd gɪt ɛz məʧ ɛz ɪn ˈkrɛdɪts. ˈkɑskɪnən sɛd ðiz tæks rɪˈtərnz wʊd bi ˈprɑsɛst ʤɪst laɪk ˈɛni ˈəðər. "ju hæv tɪ du ðə seɪm θɪŋ ˈɛni ˈtækˌspeɪər wʊd du, wɪʧ ɪz jʊr goʊɪŋ tɪ faɪl ə rɪˈtərn, seɪ ðɪs ɪz wət aɪ ərnd, ðiz ər maɪ ɪkˈspɛnsɪz, dɪˈdəkʃənz, ˌwəˈtɛvər ɪt maɪt bi," ˈkɑskɪnən sɛd. "ju hæv tɪ hæv ðə səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən." səm ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs ər ˈaʊˌtreɪʤd. "ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən meɪ hæv bloʊn ˈoʊpən ðə dɔrz fər frɔd wɪθ ˈæmnəsti ˈboʊnəsɪz əv mɔr ðən tɪ ðoʊz hu rɪˈsiv dɪˈfərd ˈækʃən," sɛd sɛn. bɛn sæs, r-neb*. "ðɪs ˈproʊˌgræm səˈvɪrli ˌəndərˈmaɪnz ðə waɪt ˈhaʊsɪz tɪ ɛnˈfɔrsɪŋ ðə lɔ ənd wʊd ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈbərdən ɔn ˈtækˌspeɪərz." ˈædvəˌkeɪts fər ˈɪməgrənts seɪ ðət ɪf ðiz ˈwərkərz ər peɪɪŋ ˈtæksɪz, ðeɪ ʃʊd gɪt ðə seɪm ˈbɛnəfɪts ɛz ˈəðər ˈtækˌspeɪərz. "lɛts nɑt fərˈgɛt ðət ðiz ˈwərkərz rɪˈsiv ðə loʊəst ˈweɪʤɪz fər wət ðeɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðɛr kəmˈjunɪtiz ənd ˈloʊkəl ɪˈkɑnəmiz," sɛd ˈɛlən battistelli*, ˈpɑləsi ˈænəlɪst æt ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən lɔ ˈsɛnər. "wət du wi ɛz ə ˈneɪʃən geɪn baɪ ˈfərðər ˌɪmˈpɑvrɪʃɪŋ ðɛm?"
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immigrant bonuses
file - in this nov. 20, 2014 file photo, a supporter holds a tablet in front of the white house in washington during a demonstration before president obama's immigration address. (ap photo/alex brandon)
(alex brandon)
washington -- millions of immigrants benefiting from president barack obama's executive actions could get a windfall from the irs, a reversal of fortune after years of paying taxes to help fund government programs they were banned from receiving.
armed with new social security numbers, many of these immigrants who were living in the u.s. illegally will now be able to claim up to four years' worth of tax credits designed to benefit the working poor. for big families, that's a maximum of nearly $24,000, as long as they can document their earnings during those years.
some republicans are labeling the payments "amnesty bonuses," one more reason they oppose obama's program shielding millions of immigrants from deportation.
"i represent hard working, law-biding texans," said rep. sam johnson, a senior republican on the house ways and means committee. "i think these amnesty rewards, and that's what they are, need to be stopped."
advocates argue that many of these immigrants pay taxes, so they should be able to claim the same tax credits as anybody else. over the past decade, immigrants in the u.s. illegally have paid an estimated $100 billion in social security payroll taxes, even though few will ever be able to collect benefits, said stephen goss, social security's chief actuary.
obama has issued executive orders shielding about 4 million immigrants from deportation. some were brought to the u.s. as children; others are parents of children who are either u.s. citizens or legal residents.
republicans in congress oppose obama's actions and are trying to use a funding bill for the department of homeland security to overturn them. democrats are resisting, resulting in a stalemate that is threatening to shut down the department.
funding for the department, which oversees immigration enforcement, runs out feb. 27.
the dispute over tax credits illustrates the complicated relationship that many immigrants have with the u.s. tax system. social security estimates that immigrants living in the country illegally work at about the same rate as the rest of the population, even though federal law bars them from employment.
in general, they are less likely to pay federal taxes. those who do have been boosting social security's finances for years.
how does social security know when it receives taxes from immigrants who are in the u.s. illegally? there is no foolproof method, goss said. one way is by tracking reported wages in which the social security number does not match the name the agency has on file.
some of these are clerical errors or unreported name changes, but goss estimates that a majority of these wages come from immigrants who have made up social security numbers or used someone else's.
the numbers are huge.
from 2003 to 2012, the total was nearly $750 billion in wages. tellingly, only 7 percent of these wages are ever claimed and credited to an actual worker, goss said.
there are an estimated 11 million to 12 million immigrants in the u.s. illegally. by law, you must have a social security number to work in the u.s. but millions of people work without them.
some work in the underground economy and do not report their income to the government. for those who work and pay federal income taxes, the irs provides them with an individual taxpayer identification number (itin).
since 1996, the irs has issued 21 million of these numbers. about one-quarter of them are still in use, the agency says.
the irs accepts these tax returns without reporting the taxpayers to immigration authorities, irs commissioner john koskinen said. that encourages the workers to pay taxes.
"we don't enforce the social security laws, we don't enforce the immigration laws," koskinen said of his agency. "in fact, the reason illegal immigrants file taxes with us is they know we aren't sharing that data with anybody. we treat it as taxpayer-protected information."
even if these immigrants pay taxes, they are ineligible for most federal programs. they cannot legally get food stamps, unemployment benefits, pell grants or federal student loans. they cannot get medicaid, except for emergency medical services, and are ineligible for subsidies under obama's health law.
they can claim some federal tax breaks, if they file tax returns.
but until now, they were not eligible for social security, medicare or the earned income tax credit (eitc), one of the government's largest anti-poverty programs.
obama's executive actions will offer social security numbers to these immigrants, something that eventually could make them eligible for social security and medicare. for social security, you generally have to work and pay payroll taxes for 10 years before you qualify for retirement benefits.
more immediately, they can take advantage of the eitc. last year, the credit provided low-income workers with about $70 billion.
this credit is popular among conservatives because it rewards work -- the more you work, the bigger your credit, as long as your income does not exceed certain limits. it is popular among liberals because it provides cash payments to low-wage workers, even if they do not make enough money to pay federal income tax.
it is, however, a complicated program to administer that generates a significant amount of improper payments, according to the irs's own estimates.
once the immigrants in obama's program get social security numbers, they can file tax returns claiming the eitc, as long as they meet the income requirements and can document their earnings.
there's more.
they also can file amended tax returns for up to three years after they were due, which means these immigrants can claim tax credits going back as far as 2011. (tax returns for 2011 were due in april 2012).
the maximum credit for families with three or more children is about $6,000, so some families could get as much as $24,000 in credits.
koskinen said these tax returns would be processed just like any other.
"you have to do the same thing any taxpayer would do, which is you're going to file a return, say this is what i earned, these are my expenses, deductions, whatever it might be," koskinen said. "you have to have the supporting documentation."
some in congress are outraged.
"the administration may have blown open the doors for fraud with amnesty bonuses of more than $24,000 to those who receive deferred action," said sen. ben sasse, r-neb. "this program severely undermines the white house's lip-service to enforcing the law and would increase the burden on law-abiding taxpayers."
advocates for immigrants say that if these workers are paying taxes, they should get the same benefits as other taxpayers.
"let's not forget that these workers receive the lowest wages for what they contribute to their communities and local economies," said ellen sittenfeld battistelli, policy analyst at the national immigration law center. "what do we as a nation gain by further impoverishing them?"
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ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə juz. ˈpoʊstəl ˈsərvɪs baɪ ðə ˈpoʊstəl ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri kəˈmɪʃən rɪˈvild ə nɛt lɔs əv ˈbɪljən fər ðə ˈeɪʤənsi ɪn 2014 ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪts ˈtoʊtəl nɛt ˈdɛfəsət sɪns ðə ˈpæsɪʤ əv ðə ˈpoʊstəl əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti ənd ɛnˈhænsmənt ækt tɪ ˈbɪljən. ðət 2006 ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən rikˈwaɪərd tɪ ɪts riˈtaɪˈriz' hɛlθ kɛr ˈbɛnəfɪts wɪθ ən ˈænjuəl ˈpeɪmənt ˈnɪrli ˈikwəl tɪ ðət əv ðə lɔs ɪt ˈpoʊstɪd ɪn ðə læst ˈfɪskəl jɪr, wɪʧ ˈɛndɪd ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 30 wər ɪt ɪgˈzɛmptɪd frəm pre-funding*, ðə ˈpoʊstəl ˈsərvɪs ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz wʊd hæv kəm əp ˈlʊkɪŋ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli hɛlp, əv kɔrs, frəm ðə ˈɛksɪʤənt praɪs ˌɪnˈkris ɪt wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2013 ɪt rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈbɪljən ɪn nɛt ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈɪnˌkəm, ɪts fərst ɪn ðət ˈkɑləm sɪns 2008 fərst klæs meɪl ˈrɛvəˌnu roʊz hæf ə pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnt tɪ ˈbɪljən, ənd ˈstændərd meɪl ˌɪnˈkrist baɪ 3 tɪ ˈbɪljən. fərst klæs ˈvɑljum ˈpləmətɪd tɪ ʤɪst ˈəndər 4 ˈbɪljən ˈpisɪz, bət ˈstændərd meɪl ˈvɑljum roʊz baɪ 1 dɪˈspaɪt ðə haɪər kɔsts pərˈzɛnəd tɪ bɪg ˈmeɪlərz baɪ ˌɛkˈsɪʤənsi. ˈtoʊtəl ˈstændərd meɪl ˈlɛtərz roʊz baɪ 539 ˈmɪljən tɪ 54 ˈbɪljən, kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈrɛvəˌnu tɪ ˈbæləns ʃit, ə ˌɪnˈkris. ˈstændərd flæts ˈvɑljum dɪˈklaɪnd 4 tɪ ˈbɪljən ˈpisɪz waɪl prəˈdusɪŋ ˈrɛvəˌnu əv əraʊnd ˈbɪljən, ˈvərʧuəli ðə seɪm ɛz ðə ˌsɛgˈmɛnt dɪd ɪn ˈfɪskəl 2013 ˈsɛnətər tɑm ˈkɑrpər (d-de*), hu læst jɪr ə ˈpoʊstəl rɪˈfɔrm bɪl, ˈɪʃud ə ˈsteɪtmənt seɪɪŋ ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˌəndərˈskɔrz nid fər ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv əˈsɪstəns. ˈmɑdəst geɪnz ɪn nɛt ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈɪnˌkəm, ˈvɑljum, ənd ˈrɛvəˌnu, ðə ˈpoʊstəl ˈsərvɪs dɪz nɑt hæv ɪˈnəf ˈæˌsɛts ər lɪkˈwɪdɪti tɪ ˈkaʊntər ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ dɪˈklaɪn əv fərst klæs meɪl ər meɪk ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts tɪ hɛlp kip ɪt kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ɪn ðə future,”*,” ˈkɑrpər sɛd. ən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ðət ˈɑpərˌeɪts æt ðə ˈsɛnər əv ə 1 ˈtrɪljən ˈɪndəstri ənd ɪmˈplɔɪz ˈoʊvər 7 ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl, ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈaʊˌtlʊk ðɪs blik ɪz ˈʃʊdənt bi ˌɪgˈnɔrd. ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ tɪ əˈliviˌeɪt ðə ˈpoʊstəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈʧælənʤɪz ənd pʊt ɪt bæk ɔn ə pæθ tɪ ˈsɔlvənsi ɪz fər ˈkɑŋgrəs tɪ pæs ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈpoʊstəl rɪˈfɔrm ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən.
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a financial analysis of the u.s. postal service by the postal regulatory commission revealed a net loss of $5.5 billion for the agency in 2014, bringing its total net deficit since the passage of the postal accountability and enhancement act to $51.7 billion. that 2006 legislation required usps to pre-fund its retirees' health care benefits with an annual payment nearly equal to that of the loss it posted in the last fiscal year, which ended on september 30.
were it exempted from pre-funding, the postal service operations would have come up looking financially sound—with help, of course, from the 4.3% exigent price increase it was awarded in december 2013. it recorded $1.4 billion in net operating income, its first non-loss in that column since 2008. first class mail revenue rose half a percentage point to $29.6 billion, and standard mail increased by 3% to $17.5 billion.
first class volume plummeted 8.4% to just under 4 billion pieces, but standard mail volume rose by 1% despite the higher costs presented to big mailers by exigency. total standard mail letters rose by 539 million to 54 billion, contributing $10.8 billion in revenue to usps's balance sheet, a 5.4% increase.
standard flats volume declined 4% to 26.3 billion pieces while producing revenue of around $6.6 billion, virtually the same as the segment did in fiscal 2013.
senator tom carper (d-de), who last year co-authored a postal reform bill, issued a statement saying the prc's report underscores usps's need for legislative assistance.
“despite modest gains in net operating income, volume, and revenue, the postal service does not have enough assets or liquidity to counter the ongoing decline of first class mail or make investments to help keep it competitive in the future,” carper said. “for an institution that operates at the center of a $1 trillion industry and employs over 7 million people, a financial outlook this bleak is alarming—and shouldn't be ignored. the only way to alleviate the postal service's financial challenges and put it back on a path to solvency is for congress to pass comprehensive postal reform legislation. “
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ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz biɪŋ juzd tɪ faɪnd ðə ˈɑptɪməm ˈɛriəz tɪ groʊ greɪps fər ðə bɛst ˈteɪstɪŋ waɪn ənˈmænd ˈɛrˌkræft, ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈmæpɪŋ ənd graʊnd ˈsɛnsərz kənˈtroʊld baɪ ˈtæblət kəmˈpjutərz nɑt ˈsɛnʧəri ˈɛspiənɑʤ bət ˈsɛnʧəri waɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ. ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz prəˈdusərz əv nu wərld waɪnz hæv bɪn ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk əˈbaʊt ɛmˈbreɪsɪŋ wəts noʊn ɛz "priˈsɪʒən" əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈdeɪvɪd grin, ə ʤiˈɑgrəfi prəˈfɛsər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈæbərˌdin hu ɪn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt. priˈsɪʒən (pv*) ɪz ðə ˈgæðərɪŋ əv ɔl sɔrts əv ˈdætə əˈbaʊt ə ˈvɪnjərd, frəm ˈsəni spɑts tɪ sɔɪl hjuˈmɪdəti, wɪʧ ɪz ðɛn mæpt ənd ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ groʊ ðə bɛst greɪps ˈpɑsəbəl ɔn ðə ˈɑptɪməm pɑrts əv ðə saɪt. "moʊst priˈsɪʒən ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ɔˈstreɪljə," sɛd grin. "kəˈmərʃəl ˈvɪnjərdz hæv ə lɔt mɔr ˈməni ənd ðə ˈvɪnjərdz ər ðət məʧ ˈbɪgər. ɪn fræns ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz stɪl ˈvɛri trəˈdɪʃənəl. wi hæv bɪn ə bɪt sloʊər ɪn ðə uk*... ðə waɪn ˈɪndəstri ɪn ˈbrɪtən ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt ˈvɛri məʧ ɛz ə əˈproʊʧ." ðə fərst stɛp ɪz tɪ gɪt ˈɛriəl ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈvɪnjərd. wɪn grin bɪˈgæn hɪz wərk ɔn ɪn ðə 1980s*, ˈmɑdəl wər biɪŋ ˈfɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈkæmərə ənd floʊn ˈoʊvərˈhɛd tɪ ˈgæðər ðə fəˈtɑgrəfi. 'kwaɪt hɑrd' ðiz deɪz, ðə ɪkˈwɪpmənt ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd grin ˈjuzɪz ə ˈpɛrət ɑr droʊn kənˈtroʊld baɪ ən ˈaɪˌpæd ənd ˈkæpʧərz boʊθ stɪlz ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs ənd ˈvɪdioʊ ɔn tu ˈkæmərəz wən ɔn ðə frənt ənd wən ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈdaʊnwərdz. "ˈmɑdəl ˈɛrˌkræft ər kwaɪt hɑrd tɪ flaɪ," hi sɛd. "ðɪs tʊk 10 ˈmɪnəts tɪ gɪt ðə flaɪt pərˈfɛktəd ənd ɪt ˈoʊnli kɔst ˈnæsə hæv gɑt droʊnz ˈwərkɪŋ ə lɔt əv ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi wɑz ˈvɛri ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl ˈərli ɔn." ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ hɛlp træk ˈsizənəl ˌfləkʧuˈeɪʃənz ðə ˈɛriəl fəˈtɑgrəfi fɔrmz ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ə ˈvɪnjərd mæp, əˈgɛnst wɪʧ ˈəðər ˈdætə səʧ ɛz sɔɪl ˈsæmpəl rɪˈzəlts kən bi ˈplɑtɪd ənd ˈgipiˈɛs koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪts fər ðə ˈɑptɪməm ˈɛriəz fər greɪp groʊɪŋ kən bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd. "ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə ðə ˈhɑrvəstɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈhɑrvəst væst ˈɛriəz," sɛd grin. "ðə hoʊl ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz ˈgaɪdɪd baɪ ə ˈgipiˈɛs ˈplætˌfɔrm, ðə ˈpɪkɪŋ dɪˈvaɪs ɪz ˈgaɪdɪd baɪ ˈgipiˈɛs ˈproʊˌgræmd fər ðə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr saɪt. ðə ˈplæntɪŋ əv vaɪnz ɪz ˈɔfən dən baɪ ˈgipiˈɛs ɛz wɛl." bət fəˈtɑgrəfi ɪz sɛt tɪ pleɪ ən ˈivɪn ˈgreɪtər roʊl ɪn. "ˈpipəl hæv bɪn ˈmæpɪŋ sɔɪl frəm ˈɛriəl ˈpɪkʧərz fər jɪrz bət ˈɑbviəsli ˈoʊvər taɪm ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz hæv gɑt ˈbɛtər," sɛd prəˈfɛsər grin. "wi kən juz ˈθərməl ˈɪmɪʤɪz ɛz wɛl tɪ pɪk aʊt ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn sɔɪl." groʊɪŋ æps ðə nɛkst ˈlɑʤɪkəl stɛp ɪz tɪ teɪk ˈɪmɪʤɪz. ˈkæmərəz juz ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˌɪˌlɛktroʊmægˈnɛtɪk ˈspɛktrəm tɪ teɪk ən ˈɪmɪʤ ðət kənˈteɪnz mɔr ðən kən bi sin baɪ ðə ˈjumən aɪ. kʊd ðə ˈdætə ˈkæpʧərd baɪ wən əv ðoʊz ˌriˈpleɪs mɔr trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈfildˌwərk laɪk sɔɪl æˈnælɪsɪs? "aɪ noʊ əv ə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪn speɪn wɛr ðeɪ ər ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈkæmərə," sɛd grin. "ju kən gɪt ə lɔt mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən aʊt əv ðət ˈɪmɪʤri. ɪt kʊd min wi woʊnt nid tɪ du ˈɛni mɔr sɔɪl ˈsæmplɪŋ. wi ər ˈprɪti kloʊz." wəns ðə ˈdætə ɪz ˈgæðərd ɪt ɪz ɔl fɛd ɪn tɪ ə ˈprɑˌsɛsər kɔld ə ˌʤiəˈgræfɪkəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm (gis*) əˈveɪləbəl ɛz ˈlæpˌtɑp ˈsɔfˌwɛr bət ˈɔlsoʊ naʊ ɪn ˈtæblət ənd æp fɔrm. [ɪt] kən tɛl ju ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ju nid tɪ noʊ əˈbaʊt ə waɪn frəm ʤɪst wən drɔp sæm ˈlɪndoʊ, "æps hæv groʊn kwaɪt ə lɔt," sɛd grin. "aɪ ˈtɛstɪd səm æps] ˈrisəntli ɔn ə ˈsæmˌsəŋ ˈgæləksi ˈtæblət ənd ˈmoʊbəl ðeɪ wərkt wɛl. ju kən wɔk əraʊnd wɪθ ə ɔn ə ˈhænˈdhɛld dɪˈvaɪs ənd ˈmɑnətər ɛr ˈtɛmpərəʧər, wɪnd dɪˈrɛkʃɪn, pʊt ə sɔɪl ˈmɔɪsʧər proʊb ɪn ðə sɔɪl ənd ˈəˌploʊd ðə rɪˈzəlts." ˈjuzɪŋ ðə nɑt ˈoʊnli kən ðə ˈvɪnjərd ˈoʊnər gɪt ə kəmˈplit ˈpɪkʧər əv ðə steɪt əv ðɛr ɪnˈtaɪər ˈvɪnjərd, bət ɪt kən ˈɔlsoʊ træk ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ənd ˈmɑnətər ˈsizənəl ˌfləkʧuˈeɪʃənz. "ɪts ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə ˈdɛskˌtɑp tul bət nɑt ˈɛvəri ˈvɪnjərd ɪz duɪŋ ɪt jɛt," sɛd grin. "ə lɔt əv ˈvɪnjərdz doʊnt kip ðiz sɔrt əv ˈrɛkərdz æt ɔl." ˈkɔrnɪʃ ˈdætə ɪt saʊnz laɪk səm əv ðɛm stɪl nid pərsˈweɪdɪŋ, ðoʊ. sæm ˈpɛrənts bɑb ənd ˈæni ˈstɑrtɪd ðə ˈkæməl ˈvæli ˈvɪnjərd ɪn ˈkɔrnwɔl ɪn 1989 ˈmɪstər ˈlɪndoʊ, hu ˈstədid stəˈtɪstɪks æt ˌjunəˈvərsəti, naʊ wərks wɪθ ðɛm ənd ˈstədid hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈwɛðər ˈdætə tɪ gɪt ən aɪˈdiə əv ðə ˌsutəˈbɪlɪti əv ðə ˈkɔrnɪʃ ˈklaɪmɪt fər groʊɪŋ greɪps. "wi wərkt aʊt ðət ɪn ðə ənd ðɛr ˈwəzənt wən jɪr wɪn wi wʊd hæv gɑt greɪps," hi sɛd. "ɪn ðə 1970s*, ðɛr wɑz wən, ɪn ðə 1980s*, ðɛr wər θri." ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ˈθərməl tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ sɔɪl, waɪl ˈsæmplɪŋ kən wərk wɪθ ʤɪst wən drɔp əv ˈlɪkwɪd dɪˈspaɪt hɪz ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm fər ˈdætə ˈmɪstər ˈlɪndoʊ bɪˈlivz ðə ˈkæməl ˈvæli ˈvɪnjərd ɪz tu smɔl fər ˈɛriəl ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ ənd priˈsɪʒən tɪ pleɪ ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt roʊl ɪn ɪts ˈmænɪʤmənt. "tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz nis tɪ hæv bət fər ˈjuˈɛs ɑr meɪn tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈfoʊkɪs ɪz ɔn mɔr məˈkænɪkli ˌɛnʤəˈnird θɪŋz məˈʃinz ðət du stəf," hi sɛd. "fər wi hæv ən dɪˈvaɪs kɔld ən wɪʧ kən tɛl ju ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ju nid tɪ noʊ əˈbaʊt ə waɪn frəm ʤɪst wən drɔp." bət wɪθ ə praɪs tæg əv ˈjuˌroʊz ðə ɪz ðə ˈkəmpəniz ˈoʊnli "ˈləgʒəri tɛk", ˈmɪstər ˈlɪndoʊ sɛd. həz ˈɔlˌweɪz hæd ðə seɪm ˈprɪnsəpəlz bət ðɛrz ə fju ˈɛkstrə θɪŋz ðət gɪv ju mɔr kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs," hi ˈædɪd. "ɪts stɪl ə ˈnæʧərəl ˈprɑdəkt ðoʊ. ðə ˈbɪgəst tɛkˈnɑləʤi θɪŋ fər ˈjuˈɛs həz bɪn tˈwɪtər ðæts ˈrɪli greɪt fər ɑr ˈbɪznɪs."
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image caption technology is being used to find the optimum areas to grow grapes for the best tasting wine
unmanned aircraft, satellite mapping and ground sensors controlled by tablet computers - not 21st century espionage but 21st century wine making.
in recent years producers of new world wines have been particularly enthusiastic about embracing what's known as "precision viticulture" according to david green, a geography professor at the university of aberdeen who specialises in the subject.
precision viticulture (pv) is the gathering of all sorts of data about a vineyard, from sunny spots to soil humidity, which is then mapped and analysed in order to grow the best grapes possible on the optimum parts of the site.
"most precision viticulture originated in america and australia," said prof green.
"commercial vineyards have a lot more money and the vineyards are that much bigger. in france the process is still very traditional. we have been a bit slower in the uk... the wine industry in britain started out very much as a hobby-type approach."
the first step is to get aerial images of the entire vineyard. when prof green began his work on pv in the 1980s, model aeroplanes were being fitted with a camera and flown overhead to gather the photography.
'quite hard'
these days, the equipment is a little more sophisticated - prof green uses a parrot ar drone controlled by an ipad and captures both stills photographs and video on two cameras - one on the front and one facing downwards.
"model aircraft are quite hard to fly," he said.
"this took 10 minutes to get the flight perfected and it only cost £300. nasa have got drones working - a lot of the technology was very experimental early on."
image caption the technology is able to help winemakers track seasonal fluctuations year-on-year
the aerial photography forms the basis of a vineyard map, against which other data such as soil sample results can be plotted and gps coordinates for the optimum areas for grape growing can be identified.
"in north america the harvesting equipment is designed to harvest vast areas," said prof green.
"the whole process is guided by a gps platform, the picking device is guided by gps programmed for the particular site. the planting of vines is often done by gps as well."
but hi-tech photography is set to play an even greater role in viticulture.
"people have been mapping soil from aerial pictures for years but obviously over time the images have got better," said professor green.
"we can use thermal images as well to pick out differences in soil."
growing apps
the next logical step is to take hyperspectural images. hyperspectural cameras use the entire electromagnetic spectrum to take an image that contains more than can be seen by then eye. could the data captured by one of those replace more traditional fieldwork like soil analysis?
"i know of a project in spain where they are using a hyperspectural camera," said prof green.
"you can get a lot more information out of that imagery. it could mean we won't need to do any more soil sampling. we are pretty close."
once the data is gathered it is all fed in to a processor called a geographical information system (gis) - available as laptop software but also now in tablet and smartphone app form.
[it] can tell you everything you need to know about a wine from just one drop sam lindo, winemaker
"apps have grown quite a lot," said prof green.
"i tested some [gis apps] recently on a samsung galaxy tablet and mobile - they worked well. you can walk around with a gis on a handheld device and monitor air temperature, wind direction, put a soil moisture probe in the soil and upload the results."
using the gis not only can the vineyard owner get a complete picture of the state of their entire vineyard, but it can also track changes and monitor seasonal fluctuations year-on-year.
"it's almost a desktop tool but not every vineyard is doing it yet," said prof green.
"a lot of vineyards don't keep these sort of records at all."
cornish data
it sounds like some of them still need persuading, though.
sam lindo's parents bob and annie started the camel valley vineyard in cornwall in 1989.
mr lindo, who studied statistics at university, now works with them and studied historical weather data to get an idea of the suitability of the cornish climate for growing grapes.
"we worked out that in the 1950s and 1960s there wasn't one year when we would have got grapes," he said.
"in the 1970s, there was one, in the 1980s, there were three."
image caption thermal technology is able to analyse soil, while infra-red sampling can work with just one drop of liquid
despite his enthusiasm for data mr lindo believes the camel valley vineyard is too small for aerial imaging and precision viticulture to play a significant role in its management.
"technology is nice to have but for us our main technology focus is on more mechanically engineered things - machines that do stuff," he said.
"for winemaking we have an infra-red analysing device called an oenofoss which can tell you everything you need to know about a wine from just one drop."
but with a price tag of 20,000 euros (£16,000), the oenofoss is the company's only "luxury tech", mr lindo said.
"winemaking has always had the same principles but there's a few extra things that give you more control over the process," he added.
"it's still a natural product though. the biggest technology thing for us has been twitter - that's really great for our business."
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ˈpoʊlstər ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈænəlɪst pæt ˈkædəl toʊld nuz ˈdeɪli hoʊst ˈæləks ˈmɑrloʊ ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, ər ˈkɑnflɪkts ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈhɪləri ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ iˈmeɪl ˈskændəl, wɪʧ ˈkædəl kəmˈpɛrd ɪt tɪ ðə ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt ˈskændəl əv ðə ˈnɪksən ˈɪrə. ju wɔnt ə ˈprɛzɪdənt hu ɪz ˈəndər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən frəm deɪ one?”*?” æst ˈkædəl, ˈpɔɪntɪŋ aʊt ðət ðə iˈmeɪl ˈskændəl kʊd ˈizəli kənˈsum ˈɛni ˈklɪntən ˈprɛzɪdənsi, ʤɪst ɛz ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt dɪd tɪ nixon’s*. naɪt ɔn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪnˈsaɪdərz ɔn fɑks, kənˈtɪnjud ˈkædəl, ˈkɑlig dəg ʃoʊn, hu hæd bɪn fər ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən, stənd ˈɛvriˌwən baɪ seɪɪŋ hi kʊd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər kənˈsɪdər səˈpɔrtɪŋ hər bɪˈkəz ɪf ʃi wər ɪˈlɛktɪd, ðɛr wʊd bi ə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl ˈkraɪsəs. aɪ ðɛn ɪkˈweɪtɪd ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən tɪ ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt ɪn ˈædɪd ˈkædəl, ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈkænɑt goʊ away,”*,” ˈpɔɪntɪŋ aʊt ðət ɪf ðɛr ɪz ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl ər ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˈgəvərnmənt iˈmeɪlz əˈməŋ ðə ər soʊ dɪˈskəvərd ɔn ə ˈlæpˌtɑp bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ ˈfɔrmər ˈkɑŋgrəsmən ˈænθɔˌni ˈwaɪnər ənd hɪz waɪf, ˈklɪntən eɪd abedin*, ðət əˈloʊn kʊd bi ə kraɪm. ɪf ˈsəmˌwən wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈklɪrəns ɪz ɪn pəˈzɛʃən əv ðət taɪp əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ə felony,”*,” sɛd ˈkædəl. hi wɛnt ɔn tɪ dɪˈskəs æt lɛŋθ ðə ˈkɑnflɪkts bɪtˈwin ˈklɪntən, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə, ənd ðə ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt. nuz ˈdeɪli ɛrz ɔn ˈpeɪtriət 125 ˈwikˌdeɪz frəm a.m*. tɪ a.m*. ˈistərn. ˈlɪsən:
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pollster and political analyst pat caddell told breitbart news daily siriusxm host alex marlow on monday, “there are conflicts all over the place”regarding hillary clinton’s ongoing email scandal, which caddell compared it to the watergate scandal of the nixon era.
“do you want a president who is under investigation from day one?” asked caddell, pointing out that the email scandal could easily consume any clinton presidency, just as watergate did to nixon’s.
“last night on political insiders on fox, ” continued caddell, “my colleague doug schoen, who had been for hillary clinton, stunned everyone by saying he could no longer consider supporting her because if she were elected, there would be a constitutional crisis. i then equated the situation to watergate in 1973.”
added caddell, “this investigation cannot go away,” pointing out that if there is confidential or classified government emails among the 650,000 or so discovered on a laptop belonging to former congressman anthony weiner and his wife, clinton aide huma abedin, that alone could be a crime.
if someone without a clearance is in possession of that type of information, “that’s a felony,” said caddell.
he went on to discuss at length the conflicts between clinton, president obama, and the justice department.
breitbart news daily airs on siriusxm patriot 125 weekdays from 6:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. eastern.
listen:
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ˈsɪŋər meɪks ˈaʊtˈspoʊkən ˈkɑmɛnts əˈbaʊt ˈwɪmənz raɪts ɪn nu ˈɪntərvˌju ˈlɪli ˈælən həz sɛd ʃi dɪz nɑt θɪŋk ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm ʃʊd bi ən ˈɪʃu ɪn 2014 ˈsteɪtɪŋ ðət ɪz equal”*” ɪn ðə ˈmɑdərn wərld. ˈælən, hu wɪl riˈlis nu ˈælbəm ‘‘sheezus’*’ ˈleɪtər ðɪs jɪr, meɪd ðə ˈkɑmɛnts ɛz pɑrt əv hər roʊl ɛz gɛst ˈɛdɪtər əv mɛnz ˈmægəˌzin tɪ bi ə man’*’ ˈɪʃu. ˈspikɪŋ əˈbaʊt ə sɔŋ ɔn hər ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ ˈælbəm, wɪʧ ˈtækəlz ðə weɪ ʃi bɪˈlivz ˈwɪmən bɪˈheɪv təˈwɔrdz wən əˈnəðər, ˈælən sɪz ðət ˈwɪmən ər ðɛr oʊn enemy.”*.” ““feminism*. aɪ heɪt ðət wərd bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈivɪn bi ə θɪŋ anymore,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ɔl ˈikwəl, ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz ˈikwəl. waɪ ɪz ðɛr ˈivɪn ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm? ðə mæn ˈvərʒən əv ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm? ðɛr ˈivɪn ə wərd fər ɪt. menanism*. male-ism*. ɪt exist.”*.” ˈspikɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɑbləmz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈwɪmən mɔr ˈʤɛnərəli, ˈælən kənˈtɪnjuz ənd ɪkˈsprɛsɪz hər ˈθɪri əˈbaʊt hu ðə ril ““enemy”*” ɪz: məʧ ðə seɪm [ɛz ɪt juzd tɪ bi]. bət aɪ θɪŋk mɛn ər ðə ˈɛnəmi. aɪ θɪŋk ˈwɪmən ər ðə ˈɛnəmi. aɪ noʊ ðət wɪn ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ənd ə ˈrɪli ˈbjutəfəl ˈwʊmən wɔks ɪn, ˈskɪni, aɪ ˌɪnˈstɪŋktɪvˌli θɪŋk, ‘‘oh*, ˈrɪli ˈskɪni ənd ˈbjutəfəl ənd ˈrɪli fæt ənd ugly.’*.’ soʊ mɔr əv ə kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv θɪŋ. wɪrd. ʤɪst ˈrɪli ənˈhɛlθi ənd ɑr oʊn wərst enemy.”*.” ˈælən ˈrisəntli rɪˈvild ðət ʃi ɪz ˈwərid wɛst wɪl kɔl hər aʊt ɔn ðə ˈtaɪtəl əv hər ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ ˈælbəm ‘‘sheezus’*’. ðə ˈsɪŋər, hu wən bɛst ˈsoʊˌloʊ ˈɑrtɪst æt læst əˈwɔrdz wɪθ ˈɔstən, ˈtɛksəs, neɪmd hər θərd ˈælbəm ɛz ən ˈɑməʤ tɪ ðə ˈræpər, hu riˈlist hɪz ˈælbəm ‘‘yeezus’*’ læst jɪr. ˈælən riˈlist tu ˈsɪŋgəlz læst jɪr, ə ˈkəvər əv ˈoʊnli wi know’*’, wɪʧ ˈfiʧərd ɔn ə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən advert*, ənd aʊt here’*’. ʃi ˈrisəntli ˈfɑloʊd ɪt əp wɪθ balloon’*’ bət stɪl əˈnaʊnst wɪn hər θərd ˈælbəm, hər fərst sɪns nɑt mi, you’*’, wɪl bi riˈlist.
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singer makes outspoken comments about women's rights in new interview
lily allen has said she does not think feminism should be an issue in 2014, stating that “everyone is equal” in the modern world.
allen, who will release new album ‘sheezus’ later this year, made the comments as part of her role as guest editor of mens magazine shortlist‘s ‘how to be a man’ issue. speaking about a song on her forthcoming album, which tackles the way she believes women behave towards one another, allen says that women are their own “worst enemy.”
“feminism. i hate that word because it shouldn’t even be a thing anymore,” she said. “we’re all equal, everyone is equal. why is there even a conversation about feminism? what’s the man version of feminism? there isn’t even a word for it. menanism. male-ism. it exist.”
speaking about the problems facing women more generally, allen continues and expresses her theory about who the real “enemy” is: “it’s much the same [as it used to be]. but i don’t think men are the enemy. i think women are the enemy. i know that when i’m sitting in a restaurant and a really beautiful woman walks in, who’s skinny, i instinctively think, ‘oh, she’s really skinny and beautiful and i’m really fat and ugly.’ so more of a competitive thing. weird. just really unhealthy and we’re our own worst enemy.”
allen recently revealed that she is worried kanye west will call her out on the title of her forthcoming album ‘sheezus’. the singer, who won best solo artist at last week’s nme awards with austin, texas, named her third album as an homage to the rapper, who released his album ‘yeezus’ last year.
allen released two singles last year, a cover of keane’s ‘somewhere only we know’, which featured on a tv advert, and ‘hard out here’. she recently followed it up with ‘air balloon’ but still hasn’t announced when her third album, her first since 2009’s ‘it’s not me, you’, will be released.
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ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ, wɑz rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ sɛn. ˈlɪndzi (r-sc*) rɪˈmɑrks əˈbaʊt ðə ˈnuli riˈlist iˈmeɪlz frəm ˈdɑnəld trəmp jr*. ðət ˈsɛntərd ɔn hɪz ʤun 9 2016 ˈmitɪŋ ɪn trəmp taʊər wɪθ ə ˈrəʃən əˈtərni, nəˈtɑljə, ˈəndər ðə priˈtɛns ðət səm dərt ɔn ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən wʊd bi rɪˈvild. ə bɪˈzɑr sɛt əp. ə ˈrəʃən pɑp stɑr əreɪnʤd ðə ˈmitɪŋ ˈjuzɪŋ hɪz ˈpəblɪsɪst, hu sɛd ðət ðə ˈrəʃən ˈgəvərnmənt həz səm ˈdæmɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˈklɪntən, wɪʧ ɪz pɑrt əv ðə ˈputɪn səˈpɔrt fər hɪz kæmˈpeɪn. trəmp jr*. ækˈsɛptɪd ðə ˈmitɪŋ, wɪʧ wɑz ə ˈstupɪd muv sɪns nu ˈnəθɪŋ, dɪˈskəs ðə kæmˈpeɪn, ənd ˈsərtənli dɪd nɑt tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən. ɪt wɑz ə weɪst əv taɪm. græm sɛd ɪt wɑz ɑd ðət səʧ ə ˈmitɪŋ wʊd əˈkər sɪns ðɪs ˈleɪdi nu ˈnəθɪŋ. ɔn feɪs ˈvælju, ɪt lʊks ˈvɛri ˌdɪskənˈsərtɪŋ, ənd ðət wi ˈkænɑt əˈlaʊ ˈɛni ˈfɔrən ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ riʧ aʊt ɪn ðɪs weɪ ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ɪˈlɛkʃən. ɪz ə nɑnˈstɑrtər, hi said.”*.” græm ˈædɪd ðət trəmp jr*. həz tɪ ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkɑŋgrəs ɔn ðɪs ˈmætər. hi ˌəndərˈstændz ðət trəmp jr*. ənd hɪz ˈbrəðərɪnˌlɔ, ˈʤɛrɪd ˈkəʃnər, ər nu tɪ ˈpɑləˌtɪks, ðɪs ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ ˌrikˈwaɪər ə lɔt əv kˈwɛsʧənz tɪ bi æst ənd answered.”*.” ɪn ðə lɪv ˈvɪdioʊ, hənt wɑz ˈstændɪŋ nɛkst tɪ ˈmɑˌnu ˈrɑju ˈpɪkɪŋ əp rɪˈmɑrks. ˈrɑju æst, ju θɪŋk ðə waɪt haʊs ɪz biɪŋ ˈtruθfəl əv ðə ˈvərʒən əv ɪˈvɛnts ðət ˈhæpənd ənd ðɛr ˈmitɪŋz ðət əˈkərd bɪtˈwin ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts ənd ðə russians?”*?” græm sɛd ðət ˈprɪti ʃʊr ðə trəmp kæmˈpeɪn mɛt wɪθ ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl, ənd ʃʊr ðət ðə ˈklɪntən kæmˈpeɪn mɛt wɪθ ðə ˈrəʃənz. wɪn hənt ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ wɔk əˈweɪ, traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt ə kwoʊt frəm sɛn. rænd pɔl (r-ky*). wɪn ðə lɪv ˈvɪdioʊ ˈɛndɪd. ɪz ðɪs ˈmidiə baɪəs ər hənt traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt ə ˈsteɪtmənt frəm əˈnəðər ˈsɛnətər? ɔn feɪs ˈvælju, ənˈklɪr. ðɛn əˈgɛn, ˈhaɪpər prəˈgrɛsɪv. ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə keɪs, ðə ˈɑdiˌoʊ wɑz kət wɪn ʃi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ pʊl əˈweɪ wəns ðə ˈklɪntənz wər ˈmɛnʃənd. ˈmeɪbi bɪˈkəz, laɪk ðə trəmp kæmˈpeɪn, ðə ˈklɪntən tim hæd mɛt wɪθ ðə ˈrəʃən æmˈbæsədər. ɪn fækt, səʧ ˈmitɪŋz ˈhæpənd ˈməltəpəl taɪmz. ɪn mɑrʧ, ˈfɔrmər ˈklɪntən kæmˈpeɪn ˈmænɪʤər ˈrɑbi mʊk simd əˈneɪbəl tɪ gɪv ə streɪt ˈænsər, ˌbiˈfɔr seɪɪŋ foʊks ðət wər ˈmænəʤɪŋ ðət wɪˈθɪn ðə kæmˈpeɪn hæv sɛd ðət ðɛr wər none.”*.” ðət əˈpɪr tɪ bi ðə keɪs. æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ, ðə ˈrəʃən æmˈbæsədər wɑz duɪŋ hɪz ʤɑb; ˈklɪntən ər trəmp kʊd bi ðə nɛkst ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ju hæv tɪ mit wɪθ stæfs əv boʊθ kæmˈpeɪnz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ du jʊr ʤɑb. ˈnoʊtɪŋ nəˈfɛriəs ər ˌɪˈligəl əˈbaʊt ðət, ðoʊ fər ðə lɛft dɪˈvɑlvd ˈɪntu ˈgɪvɪŋ ðɛm ʧɪlz.
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yesterday, msnbc was reporting sen. lindsey graham’s (r-sc) remarks about the newly released emails from donald trump jr. that centered on his june 9, 2016 meeting in trump tower with a russian attorney, natalia veselnitskaya, under the pretense that some dirt on hillary clinton would be revealed. a bizarre set up. a russian pop star arranged the meeting using his publicist, who said that the russian government has some damning information on clinton, which is part of the putin regime’s support for his father’s campaign. trump jr. accepted the meeting, which was a stupid move since veselnitskaya knew nothing, didn’t discuss the campaign, and certainly did not talk about hillary clinton. it was a waste of time.
graham said it was odd that such a meeting would occur since this lady knew nothing. on face value, it looks very disconcerting, and that we cannot allow any foreign government to reach out in this way during an election.
“that is a non-starter, he said.” graham added that trump jr. has to testify before congress on this matter. he understands that trump jr. and his brother-in-law, jared kushner, are new to politics, “but this is going to require a lot of questions to be asked and answered.”
in the live video, msnbc’s kasie hunt was standing next to cnn’s manu raju picking up graham’s remarks. raju asked, “do you think the white house is being truthful of the version of events that happened and their meetings that occurred between the associates and the russians?”
graham said that he’s pretty sure the trump campaign met with a lot of people, and he’s sure that the clinton campaign met with the russians. that’s when hunt decided to walk away, trying to get a quote from sen. rand paul (r-ky). that’s when the live video ended. is this media bias or kasie hunt trying to get a statement from another senator? on face value, unclear. then again, hyper progressive msnbc. whatever the case, the audio was cut when she decided to pull away once the clintons were mentioned.
maybe that’s because, like the trump campaign, the clinton team had met with the russian ambassador. in fact, such meetings happened multiple times. in march, former clinton campaign manager robby mook seemed unable to give a straight answer, before saying “the folks that were managing that within the campaign have said that there were none.” that doesn’t appear to be the case. at the end of the day, the russian ambassador was doing his job; clinton or trump could be the next president of the united states. you have to meet with staffs of both campaigns in order to do your job. noting nefarious or illegal about that, though for the left devolved into giving them chills.
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let’s* feɪs ɪt: ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs ər drɔn baɪ gʊd lʊks. ˈwɛðər ə ˈʃaɪni, nu spɔrts kɑr ər ðə ˈleɪtəst ɪgˈzɑtɪk ˈfæʃən trɛnd, ˈɪnstəntli ˈmɛzmərˌaɪzd baɪ əˈtræktɪv ɛkˈstɪriərz. ðə seɪm goʊz fər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɛz ɪf baɪ ˈmæʤɪk, rimz əv ˈbɔrɪŋ ˈfɪgjərz ənd stəˈtɪstɪks kən ˈsədənli teɪk ɔn ə hoʊl nu dɪˈmɛnʃən wɪn trænsˈfɔrmd ˈɪntu ˈbjutəfəl ˈdætə. ðɪs ɪz waɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ teɪk əˈnəðər stɛp ˈfɔrwərd ɔn ɪts ˈmɪʃən tɪ ɪmˈpaʊər ˈvɪʒəwəl kəmˈjunəkeɪtərz ˈɛvriˌwɛr baɪ riˈlisɪŋ 16 nu taɪps əv ʧɑrts ənd græfs ənd ə slu əv ɪkˈstrimli ˈjusfəl ˈsɛtɪŋz. teɪk ə lʊk æt wət ju kən du naʊ wɪθ kəmˈplitli riˈvæmpt ʧɑrt ˈɪnʤən. rɪˈleɪtɪd: haʊ tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ʧɑrts wɪθ wɔʧ: nu taɪps əv ʧɑrts ənd ˈsɛtɪŋz nu ʧɑrt taɪps: wət ju kən kriˈeɪt tɪ ˌɪnˈspaɪr ju ɔn jʊr ˈmɪʃən tɪ tɛl ˈstɔriz wɪθ ˈdætə, wiv prəˈvaɪdɪd ə fju ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv taɪps əv ʧɑrts kriˈeɪtɪd wɪθ nu ənd ˌɪmˈpruvd ʧɑrt ˈɪnʤən. ɔl əv ðiz wər ˈteɪkən frəm ˈhɑrvərd ˈbɪznɪs rivˈjuz gʊd ʧɑrts, ə gaɪd ɔn haʊ tɪ kriˈeɪt mɔr pərsˈweɪsɪv ənd ˈifɛktɪv ˈdætə. stækt ʧɑrts fərst əv ɔl, ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl bɑr ənd laɪn ʧɑrt ˈɔpʃənz ər naʊ mɔr səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd, wɪθ ðə ˈɔpʃən tɪ kriˈeɪt boʊθ ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl ənd ˈvərtɪkəl stækt ʧɑrts, ɛz sin bɪˈloʊ. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ meɪk ðiz wɪθ ðə klɪk əv ə ˈbətən. ənd, ənˈlaɪk wɪθ trəˈdɪʃənəl tulz laɪk ˈpaʊərˌpɔɪnt ər ɪkˈsɛl, məʧ ˈiziər tɪ əˈʧiv ðə ɪgˈzækt lʊk ənd fil goʊɪŋ fər baɪ ˈmɑdəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm ðə ˈkələr skim ənd fɑnt staɪl tɪ ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈkələr ənd ˈpleɪsmənt əv ˈleɪbəlz, bət gɪt mɔr ˈɪntu ðət ˈleɪtər. nu laɪn ʧɑrt taɪps ðə riˈvæmpt ʧɑrt ˈɪnʤən naʊ ˈɔfərz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ʧuz frəm θri ˈdɪfərənt laɪn staɪlz: smuðd laɪn, stɛp laɪn ənd ðə ˈbeɪsɪk laɪn. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˌsupərəmˈpoʊz ˈəðər ˈgræfɪk ˈɛləmənts ɔn jʊr ˈdætə, səʧ ɛz ˈdætə explainers*, ˈɛroʊz ənd ˈəðər taɪps əv laɪnz. ˈroʊˌteɪt paɪ ʧɑrts ju kən naʊ ˈroʊˌteɪt paɪ ʧɑrts tɪ pəˈzɪʃən ˈsərtən ˌsɛgˈmɛnts æt ˈɛni dɪˈzaɪərd ˈæŋgəl. ɪn ðə keɪs bɪˈloʊ, wi ˈwɔntɪd ðə θɪn slaɪs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðoʊz hu meɪk ɪt ˈɪntu ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ tɪ əˈpɪr æt ðə ˈvɛri tɔp tɪ kriˈeɪt ə mɔr drəˈmætɪk ˈifɛkt. kriˈeɪt jʊr oʊn paɪ ʧɑrts ɪn ˈmɪnəts wɪθ ðɪs tul. traɪ ɪt fər fri stækt ˈɛriə ʧɑrts laɪk ðə fərst ɪgˈzæmpəl əˈbəv, ðɪs ɪz ə stækt ˈɛriə ʧɑrt, wɪʧ ɪz ˈjusfəl fər ˈvɪʒwəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈvæljuz ˈoʊvər taɪm. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪn ðə ʧɑrt, wi kən ˈizəli dɪˈtɛkt ðət lɛs ənd lɛs ˈwərkərz ər ˈteɪkɪŋ veɪˈkeɪʃənz. ˌɪmˈpɔrt ˈdætə wɪn ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ˈmɛni roʊz ənd ˈkɑləmz əv ˈdætə, ɛz ɪn ðə keɪs əˈbəv, ju kən naʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrt ˈdætə frəm ə ˈgugəl ʃit ər ˈəˌploʊd ən ɪkˈsɛl faɪl ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈmænjuəli ˈkɑpiɪŋ ənd ˈpeɪstɪŋ jʊr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm wən ˈsprɛdˌʃit tɪ əˈnəðər. əˈplaɪ seɪvd ˈkələr naʊ ˈiziər ðən ˈɛvər tɪ seɪv, əˈplaɪ ənd ˌriəplaɪ jʊr oʊn juˈnik ˈkələr tɪ ˈdɪfərənt ˈprɑʤɛkts, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ brænd ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz, soʊ ju kən əˈʧiv ə ˈjunəˌfɔrm staɪl. ˈskætər plɑts ju kən naʊ kriˈeɪt ˈskætər plɑts laɪk ðə wən bɪˈloʊ, wɪʧ ər ˈjusfəl fər ˈvɪʒwəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl pɔɪnts ənd dɪˈtɛktɪŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps bɪtˈwin ˈvɛriəbəlz. ˈreɪˌdɑr ʧɑrts ər ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ kriˈeɪt ˈreɪˌdɑr ʧɑrts (ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld ˈspaɪdər græfs) laɪk ðɪs wən. ɪf nɑt fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ðɪs taɪp əv ʧɑrt, ɪts ˈpərpəs ɪz tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈsɪŋgəl aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪəbəl ʃeɪp aʊt əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈdætə pɔɪnts. waɪl ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈreɪˌdɑr ʧɑrt ɔn ɪts oʊn wʊd bi ˈminɪŋləs, ɛz ju wʊd hæv noʊ pɔɪnt əv kəmˈpɛrəsən, ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈreɪˌdɑr ʧɑrts kən əˈlaʊ vjuərz tɪ kˈwɪkli gɪt ən aɪˈdiə əv ən aɪˈdil ʃeɪp ənd haʊ ˈækʧəwəl ˈnəmbərz ˈmɛʒər əp tɪ ɪt, ɛz ɪn ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl bɪˈloʊ. ˈdoʊˌnət ʧɑrts ɛz wɪθ paɪ ʧɑrts, ju kən naʊ ˈroʊˌteɪt ˈdoʊˌnət ʧɑrts wɪˈθɪn ənd kriˈeɪt ɛz ˈmɛni ˌsɛgˈmɛnts ɛz ˈnidɪd, wɛˈræz ˌbiˈfɔr ðɛr wɑz ə ˈlɪmət əv əp tɪ 10 ˈkɑləmz ər roʊz əv ˈdætə. ˈfənəl ʧɑrts əˈnəðər nu ʧɑrt taɪp ɪz ðə ˈfənəl ʧɑrt, wɪʧ ɪz ɪkˈstrimli ˈjusfəl fər ˈvɪʒwəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈsteɪʤɪz ɪn ðə seɪlz ˈprɔˌsɛs, ɛz sin bɪˈloʊ, ənd dɪˈtɛktɪŋ ˈprɑbləmz ɪn ən ˈkəstəmər ˌækwəˈzɪʃən ˈmɑdəl. laɪk ðə ˈəðər taɪps, ɪt kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi kənˈvərtɪd ˈɪntu ə ˈvərʒən wɪθ ðə klɪk əv ə ˈbətən. ˈpɪrəmɪd ʧɑrts ˌhaɪˈrɑrkəkəl səʧ ɛz ˈpɪrəmɪd ʧɑrts ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈjusfəl fər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈlɛvəlz, səʧ ɛz ˈlɛvəlz əv ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns, ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈɪnˌkəm, əˈməŋ ˈəðər taɪps əv categorizations*. ðeɪ kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi juzd tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈsteɪʤɪz ɪn ðə ˈkəstəmər ˌækwəˈzɪʃən ˈmɑdəl, səʧ ɛz ðə wən bɪˈloʊ. ʧɑrts ˈlæstli, ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ kriˈeɪt ʧɑrts, wɪʧ ər ˈkɑmənli juzd tɪ ˈvɪʒwəˌlaɪz ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ənd seɪlz ˈdætə. laɪk ə stækt bɑr ʧɑrt, ɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə ˈrɛlətɪv ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən əv ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈvælju wɪˈθɪn ə θru ˈvɛriɪŋ goʊz bɪɔnd ðət baɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈjuzɪŋ ˈvɛriɪŋ ˈkɑləm wɪdθs tɪ ˈvɪʒwəˌlaɪz ðə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən əv ðoʊz seɪm ˈvæljuz tɪ ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl skim, səʧ ɛz ɪn ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl bɪˈloʊ. hir, ju kən ˈklɪrli si nɑt ˈoʊnli ðə ˈrɛlətɪv ˈmɑrkɪt ʃɛr əv iʧ əv ðə fɔr ˈbɪgəst brændz ɪn fɔr ˈdɪfərənt ˈmɑrkɪts, ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈvɪʒwəˌlaɪz ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən əv iʧ əv ðə brændz ɪn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər dɪˈvaɪs ˈmɑrkɪt. nu ˈsɛtɪŋz 1 ˌɪnˈsərt ər ˌɪmˈpɔrt ˈdætə. fər ðoʊz əv ju hu ər nu tɪ, ju kən ˈizəli kriˈeɪt jʊr oʊn ˈdætə fər fri baɪ ˈsaɪnɪŋ əp wɪθ jʊr iˈmeɪl ənd neɪm æt ənd ˈʧuzɪŋ ˈɛni əv ðə əˈveɪləbəl ˈəndər wən əv ðə ˈkɑntɛnt ˈkætəˌgɔriz. nɛkst, klɪk ɔn ðə ʧɑrts ənd ˈdætə ˈwɪʤɪts ˈaɪkɑn ɔn ðə ˈtulˌbɑr ɔn ðə lɛft saɪd əv jʊr skrin ənd ðɛn ˌɪnˈsərt jʊr ˈdætə ˈjuzɪŋ wən əv θri ˈmɛθədz: ˈmænjuəli ˈkɑpi ənd peɪst jʊr ˈdætə ˈɪntu ðə ˈsprɛdˌʃit ˈɛriə ˈəndər ðə ˈdætə tæb. ˌɪmˈpɔrt ˈdætə frəm ə ˈgugəl ʃit ˈəndər ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrt ˈdætə tæb ɪn ðə ˈwɪndoʊ. tɪ du ðɪs, ʧuz ðə ˈpəblɪʃ tɪ ðə wɛb ˈɔpʃən ˈəndər ðə faɪl ˈmɛnju ɪn ˈgugəl ʃits ənd ðɛn ˈkɑpi ðə ˈpəblɪʃt lɪŋk ənd peɪst ɪt ɪn ðə tɛkst bɑks, ɛz sin əˈbəv. ˈəˌploʊd ən ɪkˈsɛl faɪl baɪ ˈklɪkɪŋ ɔn ðə səˈlɛkt faɪl ˈbətən ˈəndər ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrt ˈdætə tæb. ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊz ju tɪ sɪŋk lɪv ˈdætə: wɪn ju kəˈnɛkt ə ˈgugəl ʃit tɪ jʊr ˈsprɛdˌʃit, ˈɛni ˈʧeɪnʤɪz meɪd tɪ jʊr ərˈɪʤənəl ˈdætə wɪl bi rɪˈflɛktɪd ɪn ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈvərʒən əv jʊr ʧɑrt, wɪʧ ɪz əˈspɛʃəli ˈjusfəl ɪn ˈkeɪsɪz wɛr ðɛr ər ˈrɛgjələr ˈəpˌdeɪts tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. 2 ˌɪnˈvərt roʊ ənd ˈkɑləm ˈdætə. ɔl bɪn ðɛr ˌbiˈfɔr: ˈæftər ˈpeɪnˌsteɪkɪŋli ərˈeɪnʤɪŋ jʊr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn roʊz ər ˈkɑləmz, ju ðɛn ˈnoʊtɪs jʊr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wʊd bi ˈbɛtər ˈvɪʒwəˌlaɪzd baɪ jʊr ˈkɑləm ənd roʊ ˈdætə. ðɪs kən naʊ ˈizəli bi dən wɪˈθɪn baɪ ˈklɪkɪŋ ɔn ðə swɪʧ ˈkɑləmz ənd roʊz ˈbətən tɪ ðə tɔp lɛft əv jʊr ˈsprɛdˌʃit ˈɛriə. 3 ˈmæksəˌmaɪz ˈwɪndoʊ. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ æd mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ər məˈnɪpjəˌleɪt ˈɛni əv ðə ˈdætə, ju kən naʊ ˈizəli ɪkˈspænd jʊr wərk ˈɛriə baɪ ˈklɪkɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈmæksəˌmaɪz ˈbətən tɪ ðə tɔp raɪt əv jʊr ˈwɪndoʊ. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ meɪk ðə ˈprivˌju ʧɑrt ˈbɪgər ər ʧeɪnʤ ðə saɪz əv jʊr ˈsprɛdˌʃit ˈɛriə, ˈsɪmpli klɪk ɔn ðə ˈhændəl bɪtˈwin ðə tu ˈɛriəz ənd dræg ənd drɔp. 4 ʧeɪnʤ ʧɑrt taɪp. wəns ˈfaɪnəˌlaɪzd ɔl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ jʊr ˈdætə, ju kən naʊ ʧuz ˈɛni əv ðə əˈveɪləbəl taɪps əv ʧɑrts frəm ðə ˈmɛnju ɔn ðə lɛft saɪd əv jʊr ˈwɪndoʊ. si ɔl əv ðə ˈɔpʃənz dɪˈskraɪbd əˈbəv wɪθ ðɛr ˈprivˌjuz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðɛr ˈvərʒənz, wɪn əˈveɪləbəl. 5 əˈplaɪ jʊr oʊn ˈkələr. ˌbiˈsaɪdz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ʧuz frəm 50 ˈkələr skim ˈəndər ðə tæb, ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ seɪv jʊr oʊn ˈkələr fər fˈjuʧər juz ənd ˌriəplaɪ ðɛm ɛz ˈmɛni taɪmz ɛz ˈnidɪd. ðɪs ɪz əˈspɛʃəli ˈhændi wɪn jʊr ʧɑrts ənd græfs nid tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ˈsərtən brænd ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz. tɪ kriˈeɪt ə nu ˈpælət, ˈsɪmpli klɪk ɔn wən əv ðə ˈkələrz ðət əˈpɪr tɪ ðə tɔp ər lɛft əv jʊr ˈkɑləmz ənd roʊz əv ˈdætə. ðɛn ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ ðə ˈpælət ˈəndər ðə ˈkələrz tæb baɪ ˈklɪkɪŋ ɔn ðə ɛks tɪ ðə tɔp raɪt əv ə ˈkələr swɑʧ tɪ dɪˈlit ɪt, ər ˈklɪkɪŋ ɔn ðə pləs saɪn tɪ æd mɔr sˈwɑʧɪz. wəns ju hæv jʊr dɪˈzaɪərd ˈkələrz, klɪk ɔn ðə seɪv ˈpælət ˈɔpʃən ˈəndər ðə ˈkələrz tæb ənd gɪv ɪt ə neɪm fər fˈjuʧər ˈrɛfərəns. 6 ˈkəstəˌmaɪz staɪl. wəns ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ɔn ðə bɛst ʧɑrt taɪp fər ˈvɪʒwəˌlaɪzɪŋ jʊr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ju kən ðɛn klɪk ɔn ðə ˈsɛtɪŋz tæb tɪ ˈkəstəˌmaɪz ðə lʊk ənd fil əv jʊr ʧɑrt ər græf. dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn jʊr ʧɑrt, si ˈdɪfərənt ˈɔpʃənz ˈəndər ðə staɪl ˈsɛkʃən əv jʊr ˈsɛtɪŋz ˈsɛkʃən. fər moʊst əv ðə ʧɑrt taɪps, bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ tərn ðə grɪd ɔn ər ɔf ənd ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈkələr ər liv ɪt trænˈspɛrənt. fər paɪ ənd ˈdoʊˌnət ʧɑrts, si ən əˈdɪʃənəl ˈsɛtɪŋ wɪʧ əˈlaʊz ju tɪ əˈʤəst ðə ˈæŋgəl əv jʊr paɪ ʧɑrt soʊ ðət ju kən pəˈzɪʃən ˈsərtən ˌsɛgˈmɛnts æt ə spɪˈsɪfɪk dɪˈgri. fər ðə laɪn ənd ˈɛriə græf taɪps, ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ʧuz frəm ˈdɪfərənt laɪn græf taɪps, ɛz sin bɪˈloʊ, ənd tərn pɔɪnt ˈmɑrkərz ɔn ər ɔf. 7 ˈkəstəˌmaɪz ˈækˌsɪz. nɛkst, ˈəndər ðə ˈæksəs ˈsɛkʃən əv jʊr ˈsɛtɪŋz, ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ ʧuz tɪ haɪd jʊr ˈækˌsɪz ənd əˈʤəst ðə ˈæŋgəl əv jʊr ˈleɪbəlz, wɪʧ kəmz ɪn ˈhændi wɪn ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ lɔŋ ˈkætəˌgɔri ˈleɪbəlz. ɪn ðɪs ˈsɛkʃən, ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ neɪm jʊr ˈækˌsɪz ənd ˈkəstəˌmaɪz ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ, frəm ðə ˈkələr əv ðə tɛkst tɪ ɪts fɑnt ənd pɔɪnt saɪz. wən əˈspɛʃəli ˈjusfəl ˈsɛtɪŋ ɪz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ sɛt spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈmɪnəməm ənd ˈmæksəməm ˈvæljuz. ðɪs əˈlaʊz ju tɪ ˈtrəŋˌkeɪt ʧɑrts wɪn əˈproʊpriˌeɪt, ˈiðər tɪ meɪk ə pɔɪnt ər wɪn ɪt ɪz ækˈsɛptɪd ˈpræktɪs wɪˈθɪn ə ˈsərtən ˈɪndəstri. 8 æd ənd tɪ ˈvæljuz. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ju wɪl wɔnt tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈvɛri ˈmɪnəməlɪst ʧɑrt tɪ gɪv jʊr ˈɔdiəns ə vju əv jʊr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, wɪˈθaʊt ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ ðɛm wɪθ ðə ˈditeɪlz. ɪn ðiz ˈkeɪsɪz, wɔnt tɪ haɪd ˈvæljuz, wɪʧ ju kən du ˈəndər ðə ˈvæljuz ˈsɛkʃən. ɪn ˈəðər ˈkeɪsɪz, ju wɪl wɔnt tɪ prəˈvaɪd spɪˈsɪfɪks ənd ˈivɪn æd ər tɪ jʊr ˈvæljuz (səʧ ɛz ər ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈsɪmbəl), wɪʧ ju kən du ˈəndər ðə ˈvæljuz ˈsɛkʃən. 9 əˈʤəst ˈpleɪsmənt əv ˈlɛʤəndz. ɪf laɪk mi, ju laɪk jʊr ʧɑrts ənd græfs ɛz ˈsɪmpəl ənd ˈizi tɪ rɛd ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ɪn səʧ ˈkeɪsɪz, ju maɪt wɔnt tɪ du əˈweɪ wɪθ jʊr ˈlɛʤənd ˌɔltəˈgɛðər, wɪʧ ju kən ˈizəli du baɪ ðə ʃoʊ ˈlɛʤənd ˈɔpʃən ˈəndər ðə ˈlɛʤənd ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə ˈsɛtɪŋz tæb. hir, ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ əˈʤəst ðə ˈpleɪsmənt əv jʊr ˈlɛʤənd soʊ ɪt əˈpɪrz ˈiðər æt ðə ˈbɑtəm, tɔp, raɪt ər lɛft əv jʊr ʧɑrt. ɛz wɪθ ðə ˈəðər ʧɑrt ˈɛləmənts, ju kən əˈʤəst ðə fɑnt, ɪts saɪz ənd ˈkələr, ɛz wɛl ɛz ɪts əˈlaɪnmənt. 10 kriˈeɪt stækt ʧɑrts. ɪf ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ kriˈeɪt stækt ʧɑrts laɪk ðə wənz ɪn ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ ðɪs poʊst, ɔl ju hæv tɪ du ɪz ˈæktəˌveɪt ðə ɪˈneɪbəl stæk ˈɔpʃən ˈəndər ðə ˈsɛtɪŋz tæb. 11 ʧuz ˌænəˈmeɪʃən taɪp. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ʧɑrts ər ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd baɪ dɪˈfɔlt, ju kən ˌdiˈæktɪˌveɪt ðɪs ˈɔpʃən ˈəndər ðə ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛkʃən. ər ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ ʧuz frəm fɔr ˈdɪfərənt ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ˈifɛkts, sin əˈbəv. 12 ˌɪnˈsərt ˈtaɪtəlz. ˈfaɪnəli, ju kən ˌɪnˈsərt ə ˈtaɪtəl ənd ˈsəbˌtaɪtəl fər jʊr ʧɑrt ˈəndər ðə ˈtaɪtəlz ˈsɛkʃən ənd əˈʤəst ðə fɑnt, ˈkələr ənd pɔɪnt saɪz. ɔlˈtərnətɪvli, ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ kriˈeɪt jʊr oʊn ˈstaɪˌlaɪzd ˈtaɪtəlz ənd pleɪs ðɛm wɛˈrɛvər ju laɪk ɔn jʊr ˈkænvəs ˈɛriə ˈjuzɪŋ tɛkst tul. jʊr tərn ɪf ju ɔˈrɛdi ˈteɪkən ʧɑrt tul fər ə tɛst draɪv, traɪ ɪt aʊt fər fri hir ənd lɛt ˈjuˈɛs noʊ wət ju θɪŋk əv ðiz nu taɪps əv ʧɑrts ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts ˈsɛkʃən bɪˈloʊ. ˈɔlsoʊ, ɪf ju hæv ˈɛni kˈwɛsʧənz ər kənˈsərnz, ˈhɛzəˌteɪt tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈjuˈɛs ˈviə ɑr səˈpɔrt ˈsɛkʃən.
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let’s face it: all of us are drawn by good looks. whether a shiny, new sports car or the latest exotic fashion trend, we’re instantly mesmerized by attractive exteriors.
the same goes for information. almost as if by magic, reams of boring figures and statistics can suddenly take on a whole new dimension when transformed into beautiful data visualizations.
this is why visme decided to take another step forward on its mission to empower visual communicators everywhere by releasing 16 new types of charts and graphs and a slew of extremely useful customization settings.
let’s take a look at what you can do now with visme’s completely revamped chart engine.
related: how to create animated charts with visme
watch: new types of charts and settings
new chart types: what you can create
to inspire you on your mission to tell stories with data, we've provided a few examples of types of charts created with visme's new and improved chart engine. all of these were taken from harvard business review's good charts, a guide on how to create more persuasive and effective data visualizations.
stacked charts
first of all, the traditional bar and line chart options are now more sophisticated, with the option to create both horizontal and vertical stacked charts, as seen below.
you can also make these 3d with the click of a button. and, unlike with traditional tools like powerpoint or excel, much easier to achieve the exact look and feel you’re going for by modifying everything from the color scheme and font style to the background color and placement of labels, but we’ll get more into that later.
new line chart types
the revamped chart engine now offers the ability to choose from three different line styles: smoothed line, step line and the basic line. you can also superimpose other graphic elements on your data visualizations, such as data explainers, arrows and other types of lines.
rotate pie charts
you can now rotate pie charts to position certain segments at any desired angle. in the case below, we wanted the thin slice representing those who make it into the nba to appear at the very top to create a more dramatic effect.
create your own pie charts in minutes with this drag-and-drop tool. try it for free
stacked area charts
like the first example above, this is a stacked area chart, which is useful for visualizing the changes in the contribution of different values over time. for example, in the chart, we can easily detect that less and less workers are taking week-long vacations.
import data
when dealing with many rows and columns of data, as in the case above, you can now import data from a google sheet or upload an excel file instead of manually copying and pasting your information from one spreadsheet to another.
apply saved color palettes
it’s now easier than ever to save, apply and reapply your own unique color palettes to different projects, according to brand guidelines, so you can achieve a uniform style.
scatter plots
you can now create scatter plots like the one below, which are useful for visualizing individual points and detecting relationships between variables.
radar charts
or you can also create radar charts (also called spider graphs) like this one. if you’re not familiar with this type of chart, its purpose is to create a single identifiable shape out of several data points.
while a single radar chart on its own would be meaningless, as you would have no point of comparison, a series of radar charts can allow viewers to quickly get an idea of an ideal shape and how actual numbers measure up to it, as in the example below.
doughnut charts
as with pie charts, you can now rotate doughnut charts within visme and create as many segments as needed, whereas before there was a limit of up to 10 columns or rows of data.
funnel charts
another new chart type is the funnel chart, which is extremely useful for visualizing stages in the sales process, as seen below, and detecting problems in an organization’s customer acquisition model. like the other types, it can also be converted into a 3d version with the click of a button.
pyramid charts
hierarchical visualizations such as pyramid charts are also useful for representing information according to levels, such as levels of importance, levels of income, among other types of categorizations.
they can also be used to represent stages in the customer acquisition model, such as the one below.
mekko charts
lastly, you can also create mekko charts, which are commonly used to visualize marketing and sales data.
like a stacked bar chart, it represents the relative contribution of a specific value within a subcategory through varying heights--but goes beyond that by also using varying column widths to visualize the contribution of those same values to the overall scheme, such as in the example below.
here, you can clearly see not only the relative market share of each of the four biggest brands in four different markets, you can also visualize the overall contribution of each of the brands in the entire device market.
new customization settings
1 insert or import data.
for those of you who are new to visme, you can easily create your own data visualizations for free by signing up with your email and name at www.visme.co and choosing any of the available templates under one of the content categories.
next, click on the charts and data widgets icon on the toolbar on the left side of your screen and then insert your data using one of three methods:
manually copy and paste your data into the spreadsheet area under the data tab.
import data from a google sheet under the import data tab in the pop-up window. to do this, choose the publish to the web option under the file menu in google sheets and then copy the published link and paste it in the text box, as seen above.
upload an excel file by clicking on the select file button under the import data tab.
visme also allows you to sync live data: when you connect a google sheet to your visme spreadsheet, any changes made to your original data will be reflected in the online version of your chart, which is especially useful in cases where there are regular updates to information.
2 invert row and column data.
we’ve all been there before: after painstakingly arranging your information in rows or columns, you then notice your information would be better visualized by inverting your column and row data.
this can now easily be done within visme by clicking on the switch columns and rows button to the top left of your spreadsheet area.
3 maximize pop-up window.
if you want to add more information or manipulate any of the data, you can now easily expand your work area by clicking on the maximize button to the top right of your pop-up window.
if you want to make the preview chart bigger or change the size of your spreadsheet area, simply click on the handle between the two areas and drag and drop.
4 change chart type.
once you’ve finalized all changes to your data, you can now choose any of the available types of charts from the menu on the left side of your pop-up window.
you’ll see all of the options described above with their previews, as well as their 3d versions, when available.
5 apply your own color palettes.
besides the ability to choose from 50 color scheme presets under the presets tab, you can also save your own color palettes for future use and reapply them as many times as needed. this is especially handy when your charts and graphs need to follow certain brand guidelines.
to create a new palette, simply click on one of the colors that appear to the top or left of your columns and rows of data. then modify the palette under the colors tab by clicking on the x to the top right of a color swatch to delete it, or clicking on the plus sign to add more swatches. once you have your desired colors, click on the save palette option under the colors tab and give it a name for future reference.
6 customize style.
once you’ve decided on the best chart type for visualizing your information, you can then click on the settings tab to customize the look and feel of your chart or graph.
depending on your chart, you’ll see different options under the style section of your settings section. for most of the chart types, you’ll be able to turn the grid on or off and change the background color or leave it transparent.
for pie and doughnut charts, you’ll see an additional setting which allows you to adjust the angle of your pie chart so that you can position certain segments at a specific degree.
for the line and area graph types, you’ll also be able to choose from different line graph types, as seen below, and turn point markers on or off.
7 customize axes.
next, under the axis section of your settings, you can also choose to hide your axes and adjust the angle of your labels, which comes in handy when dealing with long category labels.
in this section, you can also name your axes and customize everything, from the color of the text to its font and point size.
one especially useful customization setting is the ability to set specific minimum and maximum y-axis values. this allows you to truncate charts when appropriate, either to make a point or when it is accepted practice within a certain industry.
8 add prefixes and suffixes to values.
sometimes you will want to create a very minimalist chart to give your audience a bird’s-eye view of your information, without overwhelming them with the details. in these cases, you’ll want to hide values, which you can do under the values section.
in other cases, you will want to provide specifics and even add prefixes or suffixes to your values (such as $, % or any other symbol), which you can do under the values section.
9 adjust placement of legends.
if you’re like me, you like your charts and graphs as simple and easy to read as possible. in such cases, you might want to do away with your legend altogether, which you can easily do by deactivating the show legend option under the legend section of the settings tab.
here, you can also adjust the placement of your legend so it appears either at the bottom, top, right or left of your chart.
as with the other chart elements, you can adjust the font, its size and color, as well as its alignment.
10 create stacked charts.
if you’re looking to create stacked charts like the ones in the introduction to this post, all you have to do is activate the enable stack option under the settings tab.
11 choose animation type.
although charts are animated by default, you can deactivate this option under the animation section.
or you can also choose from four different animation effects, seen above.
12 insert titles.
finally, you can insert a title and subtitle for your chart under the titles section and adjust the font, color and point size.
alternatively, you can also create your own stylized titles and place them wherever you like on your canvas area using visme’s text tool.
your turn
if you haven’t already taken visme’s chart tool for a test drive, try it out for free here and let us know what you think of these new types of charts in the comments section below.
also, if you have any questions or concerns, don’t hesitate to contact us via our support section.
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spɔrts braɪən straʊs ˈrisəntli drɑpt ðə ˈbɑmˌʃɛl ðət ˈʧivəs ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ meɪ teɪk ə haɪˈeɪtəs fər ðə 2015 ˈsizən (ər ˈlɔŋgər) ɛz ðə ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp grup pərˈpɛrz tɪ ðə tim. sɪns ðɛn ðɛr hæv bɪn ˈməltəpəl rɪˈpɔrts seɪɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt θɪŋz wɪθ kəˈmɪʃənər dɑn ˈgɑrbər ˈrisəntli ədˈmɪtɪŋ ə haɪˈeɪtəs meɪ bi ˈnɛsəˌsɛri, waɪl ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə lig ɪz set”*” əˈgɛnst ðə aɪˈdiə. ˈkɑrənt ˈʧivəs ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈnɛlsən rɑˈdrigɛz ˈklɪrli wɔnts ðə tim əraʊnd ɪn 2015 ənd hi bɪˈlivz ðə tim kən bi səkˈsɛsfəl, seɪɪŋ ðət ˈivɪn ɪf ðə ˈrɛdi fər 2015 ðə tim kʊd stɪl bi səkˈsɛsfəl: ˈɔlsoʊ θɪŋk ɪf wi rɪˈtərnd ɛz ˈʧivəs ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ, bət ˌɪmˈpruvd ɑr ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɔn pərˈmoʊʃən, ənd ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ənd ˈdraɪvɪŋ fænz tɪ ðə geɪm, aɪ θɪŋk wi kʊd stɪl bi successful.”*.” səkˈsɛs meɪ bi ə lɔŋ ʃɑt fər ˈʧivəs ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ɪn 2015 bət ðeɪ ʃʊd kənˈtɪnju tɪ pleɪ rəˈgɑrdləs. ðə tim ənd ðə lig oʊ ɪt tɪ ðə fænz ðət hæv kənˈtɪnjud tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə tim tɪ gɪv ðɛm ə tim tɪ səˈpɔrt. ɪt bi ˈizi, ɪt bi ˈsɪmpəl, bət ðeɪ ʃʊd du ɪt ˈɛniˌweɪz. θri ˈrizənz: ðə fænz ðeɪ ɪgˈzɪst. ðɛr ər ril ˈʧivəs ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ fænz. ðɛr meɪ nɑt bi tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ðɛm, bət ðɛr ər fænz ðət hæv ˈfɑloʊd ðɪs tim fər jɪrz. wən əv ðə θɪŋz ðət həz meɪd ˈrisənt əˈdɪʃənz tɪ səkˈsɛsfəl hæv bɪn ðə fæn ˈbeɪsɪz, spəˈsɪfɪkli ðə die-hards*, ðə səˈpɔrtərz grups. ɪf ˈʧivəs teɪks ə jɪr ər tu ɔf, ðeɪ rɪsk ˈluzɪŋ ðoʊz daɪ hɑrd fænz, ənd ðoʊz ər ɪgˈzæktli ðə wənz ðeɪ nid tɪ kip tɪ hæv əraʊnd wɪn ðeɪ pʊʃ ““reset”*” ənd du ə. ˌɪˈmæʤən wət ɪt kʊd du fər ðə tim ɪf ðeɪ ɔˈrɛdi hæv ən ɪˈstæblɪʃt grup əv die-hards*. ðeɪ meɪ nɑt bi ə juʤ grup, bət dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ðɪs kləb. wɪθ haʊ bæd ðə ˈprɑdəkt həz bɪn ɔn ənd ɔf ðə fild, stɪl ʃoʊn əp tɪ geɪmz wik ˈæftər wik, jɪr ˈæftər jɪr. ðiz ər ðə ˈpipəl ʃʊd wɔnt ˈfɔrmɪŋ ðə beɪs əv ðə nu səˈpɔrt, ənd ˈɛni haɪˈeɪtəs wɪl rɪsk ˈeɪliəˌneɪtɪŋ ðoʊz fænz. ðə pleɪərz ˈʧivəs ˈteɪkɪŋ ə jɪr ɔf wʊd bi ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd fər ðə pleɪərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. həz ˈpruvən taɪm ənd əˈgɛn ðət ɪt ɪz nɑt gʊd æt ˈhændəlɪŋ ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd θɪŋz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈrɑstərz. lʊk æt ðə ˈrisənt ʤərˈmeɪn ʤoʊnz ˌækwəˈzɪʃən. ə blaɪnd drɔ? ˈsɪriəsli? ənd ðət wɑz ʤɪst fər ə pleɪər hu tu timz wər ˈæftər. naʊ ˌɪˈmæʤən ə sɪˈnɛrioʊ ɪn wɪʧ ə hoʊl tim wərθ əv pleɪərz (ər ˈmeɪbi hæf ə tim wɪθ ɪkˈspaɪrɪŋ ˈkɑnˌtrækts ənd wənz ðət kən bi ˈtərməˌneɪtɪd ˈizəli) nidz tɪ bi dɪˈspərst əˈkrɔs ðə lig (ər aʊt əv ðə lig) ˈiðər ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ər ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli (ənd rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə nu kləb ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ jɪr?). noʊ weɪ ˈhændəlz ðət ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɛl. mɔr ðən ˈlaɪkli kəm əp wɪθ səm ˌæləˈkeɪʃən ˈɔrdər wɪʧ wʊd liv ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ˈhæpi ənd ðə lig ˈlʊkɪŋ bæd. ɛz fər aɪvz aɪˈdiə tɪ drɔp ˈʧivəs daʊn tɪ proʊ, ðət stɪl sɑlv ðə pleɪər ˈɪʃu. ˈʧivəs ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ meɪ nɑt bi ə gʊd tim, bət ðeɪ du hæv səm gʊd pleɪərz. ʃoʊn, ɪn ˈstrɛʧɪz, ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ nɑt bi ən ˈæbsəˌlut ˈdəmpstər faɪər ɔn ðə fild. moʊst əv ðɛr pleɪərz, wɪl æt list bɪˈliv ðɛmˈsɛlvz gʊd ɪˈnəf tɪ pleɪ ɪn. kəˈlɛktɪvli ðeɪ meɪ meɪk ə bæd tim, bət ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli ˈmɛni əv ðɛm kʊd kənˈtrɪbjut ɔn gʊd timz. ər ðeɪ ˈrɪli goʊɪŋ tɪ wɔnt tɪ pleɪ ɪn proʊ, əˈspɛʃəli ɪf ðɛr ər timz ðət wɔnt ðɛm? kənˈtrækʃən ðɪs ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ən ˈɪrə əv ɪkˈspænʧən fər. ðə lig ɪz groʊɪŋ. ər groʊɪŋ. ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈɔdiənsəz ər (səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi) groʊɪŋ. tu nu ˈfrænˌʧaɪzɪz ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðə lig ɪn 2015 (ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ ˈsɪti ənd nu jɔrk ˈsɪti) ənd mɔr tɪ kəm. ˈpʊtɪŋ ˈʧivəs ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ɔn haɪˈeɪtəs, ˈivɪn fər ə jɪr, filz laɪk kənˈtrækʃən. ɪt maɪt nɑt ˈtɛknɪkəli bi kənˈtrækʃən, bət ɪt filz laɪk ɪt. ɪn səˈʤɛstɪŋ ˈdrɑpɪŋ ˈʧivəs tɪ proʊ, sɛd ðə nu ˈoʊnərz kʊd juz ðə jɪr ɛz ˈpræktɪs ˈrənɪŋ ə kləb. ˌhaʊˈɛvər ˈɛvriˌwən noʊz ðət ɪz ɪts oʊn bist wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈrɑstər rulz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə, soʊ haʊ məʧ wʊd ðət ““practice”*” ˈrɪli bi wərθ? ðeɪ bi ˈbɛtər ɔf ““practicing”*” ɪn fər ə jɪr? ˈivɪn ɪf ðə nu ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp grup ˈrɛdi tɪ ðə tim fər ðə 2015 ˈsizən, ðeɪ du ə wərs ʤɑb ðən ðə læst ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp grup, ənd ˈsərtən tɪ lərn ə fju θɪŋz əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ. ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs, ðə fænz ðeɪ stɪl hæv ənd ˈmeɪbi ˈivɪn stɑrt tɪ geɪn ə fju nu fænz ɛz ˈɪntəˌrɛst bɪldz əraʊnd ðə fænz wɪl noʊ ðə ˈoʊnərz ər ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn. ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈhæpənz wɪl nɑt bi ˈpərˌfɪkt. ɪt bi ˈsɪmpəl. bət məst rɪˈmɛmbər ðət əˈbəv ɔl ɛls, ðə fænz ðət meɪk ðə lig. wɪˈθaʊt fænz noʊ ˈtɪkɪt seɪlz, noʊ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈɔdiəns, noʊ ˈmərʧənˌdaɪz ˈrɛvəˌnu, ˈnəθɪŋ. soʊ wɪn ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ haʊ tɪ ˈhændəl ˈʧivəs ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ, praɪˈɔrəti ˈnəmbər wən məst bi tɪ ðə fænz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər ˈmɛni ər fju ðɛr ər. kloʊz wɪθ ðɪs θɔt frəm əˈlɪʃə rɑˈdrigɛz frəm ðə goʊt pəreɪd ɔn ðə aɪˈdiə əv ðə θɪŋ ʃi ənd ˈəðər fænz hæv pɔrd soʊ məʧ ˈɪntu ˈsɪmpli ˈvænɪʃɪŋ: pliz kənˈsɪdər ðət wɪʧ ju ləv, ˈsəmθɪŋ ju spɛnd jʊr taɪm, ˈməni, ənd ˈɛnərʤi ɔn, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət meɪ nɑt bi ˈpərˌfɪkt, bət jʊr θɪŋ ənd kənˈsɪdər ɪt ˌdɪsəˈpɪrɪŋ, ˈmeɪbi ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli, ˈmeɪbi ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli, ənd θru noʊ fɔlt əv jʊr oʊn. ju wʊd dɪˈzərv ˈbɛtər, you?”*?” θæŋk ju fər ˈrɛdɪŋ. pliz teɪk ə ˈmoʊmənt tɪ ˈfɑloʊ mi ɔn tˈwɪtər- @ericwalcott*. səˈpɔrt baɪ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn tˈwɪtər ənd ənd ““liking”*” ɑr ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ. fər ðə ˈleɪtəst ɪn spɔrts ˈɪnʤəri nuz, ʧɛk aʊt ɑr frɛndz æt spɔrts ˈɪnʤəri əˈlərt. hæv ju tund ˈɪntu læst wərd ɔn spɔrts ˈreɪdiˌoʊ? ɪz plizd tɪ brɪŋ ju spɔrts ˈreɪdiˌoʊ tɪ jʊr ˈpiˈsi, ˈlæpˌtɑp, ˈtæblət ər smartphone*. wət ər ju ˈweɪtɪŋ fər? fil fri tɪ dɪˈskəs ðɪs ənd ˈəðər rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈɑrtɪkəlz wɪθ ˈθaʊzənz æt r/football*.
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