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dallas — it’s been two months since youtube pop star christina grimmie was killed following a concert in orlando, but last week her fans got an unexpected treat when the first of four music videos recorded before her death was released.
it’s already at over a million views, and for three local actors who starred alongside christina in the video, the whole moment has been something special.
“it’s leaving with a positive tone to her life and letting that be the last image rather than the tragic thing that happened,” said liza wilk one of the actresses in the music video.
“her legacy still lives on and that’s why we’re so glad to be part of it, it’s so crazy!” ashley d. merritt, who played christina’s best friend in the video, said.
being on set, they quickly discovered that christina’s musical talent was truly amazing.
“our director, king, he was thinking that the track kept playing over and over again, and he’s like, ‘someone shut that off, where is that?’” said wilk. “and we were just like, that’s just her singing! like [she] has perfect pitch!”
“she does, it’s so incredible,” agreed c.g. lewis, christina’s “prince” in the music video. “she’ll just be walking around, she’ll be in the moment, hitting her mark and she’ll just be singing.”
and they say christina was as kind and down to earth as you could imagine a superstar ever being.
“i remember talking to her for the first time and just having a 30 minute conversation about boys,” laughed wilk. “and then we’re like, ‘ok let’s go dance now!’ it was awesome.”
now they’ve been able to see first hand the outpouring of love and support from grimmie’s dedicated fans.
“it’s overwhelming,” said merritt. “we’re just so thankful to have that response and make them proud.”
all close friends now, liza, c.g. and ashley even know each other before the music video. so in a way, their friendship is yet another part of christina grimmie’s amazing legacy.
“we meet some celebrity for a moment and then that moment passes and she was gone,” lewis reflected. “we met a friend and we made a life long friend that we’re never going to forget.”
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rɛd ðə ˈaʊtˌkəmz əv ðɪs ˈɛksələnt bɪt əv ˈrisərʧ frəm ən ˈædəˌleɪd haɪ skul ˈstudənt ˈɪntu ˈnɑlɪʤ ənd ˈætəˌtudz rɪˈleɪtɪŋ tɪ ˈnukliər paʊər. ə ˈkəpəl əv mənθs əˈgoʊ, ə ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbər əv maɪn lɛt mi noʊ əˈbaʊt ə haɪ skul ˈstudənt hu wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ˈnukliər paʊər fər ə jɪr 12 ˈprɑʤɛkt. ʃi sɛd hi wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ səm flæk frəm hɪz pɪrz fər ˈivɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə ˈɪʃu, ənd hi wɑz ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ ˈwəndər ɪf ˈɛniˌwən ɛls ˈivɪn θɔt ˈnukliər paʊər ˈmætərd. soʊ ɪt wɑz ðət aɪ mɛt ˈmaɪkəl bɪlz. ˈæftər kˈwɪkli dɪsəˈvaʊɪŋ ɪm əv ðə aɪˈdiə ðət hi wɑz ɔn hɪz oʊn, aɪ ˈænsərd səm əv hɪz ˈvɛri gʊd kˈwɛsʧənz. ə ˈlɪtəl waɪl ˈleɪtər, hi sɛnt mi ðə ˈfaɪndɪŋz əv hɪz ˈrisərʧ. aɪ wɑz əˈmeɪzd æt wət ˈmaɪkəl hæd əˈʧivd, ənd æst ɪm tɪ raɪt ɪt əp fər dsa*. aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz gʊd wərk ə skul student”*”. aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz gʊd wərk. aɪ hoʊp ˈmaɪkəl gɪts tɪ pleɪ wɪθ səm ˈbɪgər ˈkænvəsɪz ɪn fˈjuʧər tɪ ˈfərðər tɛst ənd rɪˈfaɪn ðiz ˈprɑsɛsəz ənd rɪˈzəlts bɪˈkəz hi həz ə lɔt tɪ ˈɔfər ðɪs dɪˈskəʃən. ɛz ju wɪl rɛd, ðə θim əv ðɪs poʊst minz ɪt ɪt kwaɪt əˈproʊpriˌeɪt fər mi tɪ riˈmaɪnd ˈɛvriˌwən əv ə juˈnik ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ hir ðə keɪs fər ˈnukliər paʊər pərˈzɛnəd baɪ fɔr ˈprɑmənənt ɛnˈvaɪrənˌmɛnəlɪsts ənd ˈkɑmənˌteɪtərz, tɪ bi ˈhoʊstɪd baɪ ˈkaʊnsəl ɔn 9 ʤun fər wərld ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt deɪ. ðɛr wʊd bi fju ˈbɛtər ˌɑpərˈtunətiz tɪ æsk kˈwɛsʧənz ənd ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn dɪˈskəʃənz əˈbaʊt ˈnukliər paʊər ɛz ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈɔpʃən fər ɔˈstreɪljə. ju kən rɛd mɔr əˈbaʊt ɪt hir ənd ˈrɛʤɪstər hir. ˈoʊvər tɪ ju ˈmaɪkəl. ðə ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɪˈnɪgmə ˈmaɪkəl bɪlz, ə ˈstudənt æt ˈpɛmˌbroʊk skul duɪŋ maɪ ˈrisərʧ ˈprɑʤɛkt ɔn ɔˈstreɪljə ʃʊd swɪʧ tɪ ˈnukliər energy’*’, ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ðə əˈpɪnjən əv ðə ˈɪʃu ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈʤɛnərəl fækts sərˈaʊndɪŋ ɪt. ðɛr ɪz ən ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ əˈmaʊnt əv ˈɛvədəns ðət səˈpɔrts ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. frəm ˌɪnˈkrist rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈtɛmpərəʧər tɪ ðə ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns əv ˈɑrtɪk si aɪs, ðɛr ər fju ðət wɪl rɪfˈjut ˈklaɪmɪt ɪgˈzɪstəns. ˈivɪn ɪf wən bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ ðət məˈnɔrəti, ðɛr stɪl ɪgˈzɪsts ðə ˈprɑbləm ðət ðɛr ɪz ə ˈfaɪˌnaɪt əˈmaʊnt əv ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz lɛft ɪn ðə wərld. æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ, ðɛr ɪz noʊ weɪ kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ɔn ˈjuzɪŋ ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz ɛz ə paʊər sɔrs ɪz fər ðə ˈgreɪtər gʊd. wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ɔlˈtərnətɪvz, ˈnukliər ɪz ðə weɪ tɪ goʊ, pleɪn ənd ˈsɪmpəl. ɪt ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli paʊər sɔrs ðət ɪz kəmˈpraɪzd əv ˈrɛdəli əˈveɪləbəl tɛkˈnɑləʤi wɪʧ kən nɑt ˈoʊnli mit ɑr ˈkɑrənt ˈɛnərʤi rɪkˈwaɪrmənts, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɑr groʊɪŋ nidz. ɪt ɪz əbˈsərd tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈəðər ðən ə groʊθ ɪn ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt əv ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkəmɪŋ ˈsɛnʧəriz, ənd ɛz səʧ, ɑr paʊər səˈplaɪ ˈʧɔɪsɪz məst bi meɪd əˈkɔrdɪŋli. ˈnukliər ɔl bət ɪˈlɪməˌneɪts ðə ˈgrinˌhaʊs gæs ɪˈmɪʃənz frəm ðə paʊər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ˈsɛktər, ənd ɪt dɪz soʊ ˈʧipli ənd ɪˈfɪʃəntli. wɪθ nu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən riˈæktər tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ðɛr ɪz ðə əˈdɪʃənəl ædˈvæntɪʤ əv kriˈeɪtɪŋ ɪˈnəf ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti tɪ ˈiðər paʊər ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈtrænspɔrt dɪˈrɛkli ər kriˈeɪt sɪnˈθɛtɪk fjuəlz fər ˈtrænspɔrt. wəns wi riʧ ðət steɪʤ, ðə tu ˈbɪgəst prəˈdusərz əv ˈdeɪnʤərəs ɪˈmɪʃənz ər ɛˈsɛnʃəli dɛlt wɪθ. ɪf ɔˈstreɪljə ˈriʧɪz ðɪs steɪʤ, wi kən bi praʊd tɪ ˈɑnəstli seɪ ðət wi ər duɪŋ ðə bɛst wi kən tɪ ɑr ˈklaɪmɪt. ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ waɪ ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi ɪz ðə raɪt aɪˈdiə tɪ ən ˈɔdiəns səʧ ɛz ðɪs ɪz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli rɪˈdəndənt. ˌɪnˈstɛd hir tɪ ˈprɛzənt maɪ oʊn ərˈɪʤənəl ˈfaɪndɪŋz ɪn rɪˈgɑrdz tɪ maɪ eɪʤ əˈpɪnjən ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt. ɪn ðə ɛnd ɪt wɪl kəm daʊn tɪ ðə əˈpɪnjən, ənd wɪˈθɪn ðə nɛkst jɪr maɪ eɪʤ grup wɪl bi ˈvoʊtɪŋ. ɛz səʧ aɪ bɪˈliv ðət θru ðə ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən əv maɪ ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən, ˈprɑˌgrɛs kən bi meɪd ɪn rɪˈgɑrdz tɪ ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈnukliər əˈpruvd wɪˈθɪn ɔˈstreɪljə. ˈstɑpɪŋ ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi? ðə ˈpipəl. ˌɪˈnɪʃəli aɪ ˈmɪrli spoʊk tɪ maɪ ˈklæsˌmeɪts əˈbaʊt ðɛr θɔts ɔn ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi. səˈpraɪzɪŋli (æt list tɪ mi) aɪ wɑz mɛt wɪθ ən ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri əˈmaʊnt əv ˌnɛgəˈtɪvəti ɪn rɪˈgɑrdz tɪ nɑt ˈoʊnli maɪ ˈtɑpɪk, bət ðə fækt ðət aɪ wʊd kˈwɛʃən wət aɪ bɪˈlivd tɪ bi mɪθs sərˈaʊndɪŋ ɪt. tɪ seɪ ðət aɪ səˈpɔrtɪd ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi wɑz laɪk seɪɪŋ aɪ səˈpɔrtɪd ðə ˈmərdər əv ˈɪnəsənt ˈpipəl. ˈæftər ə waɪl aɪ ˈnoʊtɪst ə ˈpætərn wɛr ðə dɪˈskəʃənz wɪθ ˈpipəl hu simd tɪ noʊ ə lɔt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɪʃu əˈgrid ðət ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi wɑz ðə raɪt weɪ tɪ goʊ, ənd vaɪs ˈvərsə. aɪ kˈwɪkli dɪˈzaɪnd ə smɔl ˈhænˌdrɪtən ˈsərˌveɪ ðət ɪkˈsplɔrd ðɪs riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp. aɪ hæd ə ˈkəpəl əv kwɪz kˈwɛsʧənz, səʧ ɛz ə ˈnukliər riˈæktər ɪkˈsploʊd laɪk ə ˈnukliər bomb?’*?’, ənd aɪ æst ɪf ðə ˈpərsən əˈgrid wɪθ ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə. ðə ˈfidˌbæk rɪˈsivd frəm ðɪs ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈsərˌveɪ wɑz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ, ðɛr simd tɪ bi ə ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən bɪtˈwin ðə ‘‘knowledge’*’ ənd ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ðeɪ əˈgrid wɪθ ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈpipəl wər ˈoʊpənli əˈgrɛsɪv ɪn dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ðɛr ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv survey’*’, wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl seɪɪŋ ðət ju ˈkænɑt ˌɪnˈklud kwɪz kˈwɛsʧənz, ðeɪ məst ɔl bi beɪst ɔn əˈpɪnjən. wən ləˈʤɪtəmət kəmˈpleɪnt wɑz ðət ðə ˈsərˌveɪ droʊv ðə ˈsæmpəl təˈwɔrdz ə əv ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi du tɪ ðə ˈwərdɪŋ əv ðə kˈwɛsʧənz; ɪt wɑz dɪˈrɛktɪd ənd baɪəst təˈwɔrdz maɪ oʊn əˈpɪnjən. wɪθ ðɪs ɔn bɔrd aɪ dɪˈvɛləpt ðə nɛkst ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən əv ðə ˈsərˌveɪ ənd ˈhoʊstɪd ɪt ˈɔnˌlaɪn. ɪt kənˈteɪnd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz, wɪθ ðə questions’*’ mɑrkt ɪn rɛd. kˈwɛʃən: rɪˈspɑns taɪp: du ju θɪŋk ɔˈstreɪljə ʃʊd juz ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi? jɛs noʊ wʊd ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi bi əkˈsɛptəbli ‘‘safe’*’ ɪf ɪt wər juzd ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, ˈəndər əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈgəvərnmənt ˌsupərˈvɪʒən? jɛs noʊ ər ðɛr ˈɛni ˈnukliər riˈæktərz ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə æt ðɪs taɪm? ˈɛnərʤi prəˈdusɪŋ ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz? jɛs noʊ ˈəndər ˈsɪmələr rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈseɪfti, du ju θɪŋk koʊl ˈmaɪnɪŋ ənd paʊər ɪz ˈseɪfər ðən jərˈeɪniəm ˈmaɪnɪŋ ənd ˈnukliər paʊər? jɛs noʊ du ju θɪŋk reɪts ər haɪər nɪr ˈnukliər riˈæktərz? jɛs noʊ kən ɔˈstreɪljə gɪt əˈlɔŋ faɪn wɪθ wɪnd ˌhaɪdroʊɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈsoʊlər ɔlˈtərnətɪvz ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi? jɛs noʊ həz ðə ˈɪʃu əv waste’*’ bɪn sɑlvd? jɛs noʊ du ju θɪŋk wɪnd ˌhaɪdroʊɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈsoʊlər plænts ʃʊd bi bɪlt ˈoʊvər ˈfɑsəl fjuəl beɪst paʊər plænts? jɛs noʊ du ju bɪˈliv ˈæksədənts ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi ər baɪ ðə ˈmidiə? jɛs noʊ kən ə ˈnukliər riˈæktər ɪkˈsploʊd laɪk ə ˈnukliər bɔm du tɪ ə ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˈmɛltˌdaʊn? jɛs noʊ rəˈgɑrdləs əv ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi ʃʊd bi juzd ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, du ju bɪˈliv ɔˈstreɪljə ʃʊd əkˈsɛpt ˈnukliər weɪst frəm ˈəðər ˈkəntriz fər ˈstɔrɪʤ? jɛs noʊ haʊ ˈnɑləʤəbəl wʊd ju seɪ ju wər ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪk əv ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi? aɪ noʊ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈsəmˈwət ˈnɑləʤəbəl ˈnɑləʤəbəl ˈvɛri ˈnɑləʤəbəl ən ˈɛkspərt hæv ju ˈɛvər ˈfɔrməli ˈstədid ˈɛni ˈæˌspɛkt əv ˈnukliər ˈfɪzɪks ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi? jɛs noʊ ɪz ðɛr ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ju wʊd laɪk tɪ æd? lɔŋ tɛkst bɑks ˈænsər. aɪ traɪd tɪ kip ðə kˈwɛsʧənz ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ər no’*’ ˈænsərz, waɪl stɪl prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ə pleɪs fər ðɛm tɪ gɪv ˈfidˌbæk (ənd əˈbjuz). aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd əˈgɛnst ðə ˌɪnˈkluʒən əv ən know’*’ ˈɔpʃən. ðɪs wɑz nɑt ˈoʊnli fər sɪmˈplɪsɪti, bət ˈɔlsoʊ soʊ ðət ðə ˈpərsən wʊd bi fɔrst tɪ bi ˈkɑnfədənt ɪn ðɛr dɪˈsɪʒən. (aɪ noʊt ðət ðɪs dɪˈsɪʒən ɪz pərˈhæps ðə ˈoʊnli wən aɪ wʊd ʧeɪnʤ ɪf aɪ wər tɪ du ðə ˈsərˌveɪ əˈgɛn. waɪl aɪ rɪˈsivd ˈvɛri ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ənd ˈjusfəl rɪˈzəlts, aɪ æm ʃʊr ðət ðə ˌɪnˈkluʒən əv ən know’*’ ˈɔpʃən wʊd əˈlaʊ fər ˈgreɪtər dɛpθ ɪn ðə æˈnælɪsɪs steɪʤ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər æt ðə taɪm aɪ hæv ðə ˌkɑmpjuˈteɪʃənəl skɪl ər tulz tɪ ˈprɔˌsɛs sɛd ˈɛkstrə ˈdætə.) ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl rɪˈzəlts aɪ dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ðə ˈsərˌveɪ əˈməŋ maɪ pɪrz, kəˈlɛktɪŋ ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 189 rɪˈspɑnsɪz. ˈoʊvərˌɔl 116 ˈpipəl ˈænsərd ‘‘yes’*’ tɪ ðə kˈwɛʃən ju θɪŋk ɔˈstreɪljə ʃʊd juz ˈnukliər energy?’*?’, ənd 73 ˈænsərd ‘‘no’*’. ðət ɪz ə 61 ‘‘yes’*’ voʊt, wɪʧ ɪz əv kɔrs ə məˈʤɔrəti. baɪ ðɪs stəˈtɪstɪk əˈloʊn aɪ æm kənˈvɪnst ðət ðə ˈbætəl ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi ɪz baɪ noʊ minz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ wɪn, kwaɪt ɔn ðə ˈkɑntrɛri. ðə meɪn ˈɑrgjəmənt aɪ ɪnˈkaʊnərd əˈgɛnst ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi ɪz ðət ɪt ɪz ənˈseɪf. əv ðə ˈpipəl ðət bɪˈliv ɔˈstreɪljə ʃʊd juz ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi, 70 əv ðɛm ˈænsərd ‘‘no’*’ tɪ ðə kˈwɛʃən: ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi bi əkˈsɛptəbli ‘‘safe’*’ ɪf ɪt wər juzd ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, ˈəndər əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈgəvərnmənt supervision?’*?’ əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, 64 əv ðɛm ˈænsərd ‘‘yes’*’ tɪ ðə kˈwɛʃən ju θɪŋk reɪts ər haɪər nɪr ˈnukliər reactors?’*?’. ðɪs dɪˈskrɛpənsi ɪn rɪˈspɑnsɪz fɔrst mi tɪ əˈplaɪ səm ˈfɪltərz tɪ ðə ˈdætə. ɪf ˈsəmˌwən wər tɪ ˈænsər noʊ anything’*’ tɪ ðə kˈwɛʃən ˈnɑləʤəbəl wʊd ju seɪ ju wər ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪk əv ˈnukliər energy?’*?’ ðɛr rɪˈzəlts wʊd bi dɪˈskrɛdɪtɪd. ðɪs ˈsæmpəl rɪˈdəkʃən rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn 154 rɪˈspɑnsɪz lɛft fər juz. 81 əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl saɪz) æt ðɪs steɪʤ, iʧ pɑrˈtɪsəpənt wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ə ‘‘point’*’ fər ˈɛvəri ‘‘quiz’*’ kˈwɛʃən ðeɪ gɑt kərˈɛkt. ðɪs geɪv ðɛm ə skɔr aʊt əv θri wɪʧ kʊd bi juzd tɪ ‘‘rank’*’ ðɛr rɪˈzəlts əˈgɛnst iʧ ˈəðər. əv ðoʊz hu skɔrd ˈpərfəktli, 85 əv ðɛm əˈgrid ðət ɔˈstreɪljə ʃʊd juz ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi, ə ˈmæsɪv ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɔn ðə ˈpriviəs stəˈtɪstɪk. ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 12 ˈpipəl ðət wər knowledgeable’*’ gɑt nən əv ðə kwɪz kˈwɛsʧənz kərˈɛkt. əv ðoʊz, ˈoʊnli tu bɪˈlivd ðət ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi ʃʊd bi juzd ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə. ðət ɪz, 83 əv ðɛm wər əˈgɛnst ɪt. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt aɪ ˈplɑtɪd ə græf əv ðə əˈmaʊnt əv kˈwɛsʧənz ðə pɑrˈtɪsəpənts gɑt kərˈɛkt əˈgɛnst ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ðɛm ðət əˈgrid wɪθ ˈnukliər paʊər. ðə ˈɑbviəs prəˌpɔrʃəˈnælɪti ʃoʊn, ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən tɛlz ˈjuˈɛs wən θɪŋ: ɪf wi wɔnt ˈnukliər paʊər tɪ bi ækˈsɛptɪd baɪ ðə ˈmæsɪz, ˈpipəl nid tɪ bi ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪk. aɪ æm ˈsərtən ðət moʊst əˈpɪnjənz ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪk ər ˈhɛvəli ˈɪnfluənst baɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈmidiə, ənd ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈpipəl noʊ ðɪs. wɪn æst ɪf ðeɪ bɪˈlivd ðət ˈæksədənts ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi wər ˈoʊvər haɪpt baɪ ðə ˈmidiə, ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈpipəl sɛd ðeɪ wər. ɪf wi splɪt ðɪs əp ˈɪntu ˈpipəl hu ər proʊ ənd, wi si ə ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən. du ju bɪˈliv ˈæksədənts ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi ər baɪ ðə ˈmidiə? ɛz ju kən si ðoʊz hu ər proʊ ˈnukliər ər fɑr mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ bɪˈliv ðət ˈnukliər ˈæksədənts ər ˈæksədənts ər baɪ ðə ˈmidiə, waɪl ðoʊz əˈgɛnst tɛnd tɪ bɪˈliv ðə ˈmidiə ɪz ˈtruθfəl. ˈəðər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈfaɪndɪŋz ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈɛnərʤi ˈsɔrsəz, ðɛr wɑz noʊ klɪr ˈwɪnər ɛz tɪ ˈwɛðər wɪnd, ˌhaɪdroʊɪˈlɛktrɪk ər ˈsoʊlər ɔlˈtərnətɪvz kʊd səˈsteɪn ɔˈstreɪljə. ðə ˈdɪfərəns əˈkərz wɪn ðə rɪˈzəlts ər splɪt baɪ ðɛr ˌɪˈnɪʃəl əˈpɪnjən ɔn ˈnukliər paʊər ˌɪtˈsɛlf. kən ɔˈstreɪljə gɪt əˈlɔŋ faɪn wɪθ wɪnd ˌhaɪdroʊɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈsoʊlər ɔlˈtərnətɪvz ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi? wən pɑrt əv ðɪs ˈnukliər dəˈbeɪt ðət aɪ æm stɪl ˌəndɪˈsaɪdɪd əˈpɑn ɪz ðə ˈɪʃu əv əkˈsɛptɪŋ ˈəðər countries’*’ ˈnukliər weɪst. aɪ faʊnd ðət ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈɛvəri ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ˈfɪltərz rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ðə seɪm rɪˈzəlt: wi wɔnt ˈəðər countries’*’ ˈnukliər weɪst ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə. ɪf ðə rɪˈzəlts ər splɪt baɪ proʊ ənd: du ju bɪˈliv ɔˈstreɪljə ʃʊd əkˈsɛpt ˈnukliər weɪst frəm ˈəðər ˈkəntriz fər ˈstɔrɪʤ? nɑt soʊ səˈpraɪzɪŋli, 91 əv ðoʊz hu ər dɪsəˈgri wɪθ əkˈsɛptɪŋ weɪst. ðə nɛkst stɛp waɪl jɪr twɛlv ˈfɪzɪks ˈstudənts ˈəndərˌteɪkɪŋ ðə wɪl ˈstədi ˈnukliər ˈfɪzɪks æt səm pɔɪnt ɪn ðɛr kərˈɪkjələm, ðɪs grup əv ˈpipəl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə ˈvɛri smɔl ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˌdɛməˈgræfɪk ðət ʃʊd bi ˈtɑrgətɪd. ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts kəm tɪ maɪnd, bət ˈgɪtɪŋ ðɛm tɪ rən ɪn ə ˈmidiə ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ˈnukliər ɪz bæd wʊd bi ən ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ənd ˈpɑsəbli ˈəltəmətli fˈjutəl ˈɛfərt. ˈvaɪrəl ˈjuˌtub ˈvɪdioʊz spərɪŋ tɪ maɪnd, bət ðeɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt fər ðə moʊst pɑrt fər ðɛr virality*, soʊ haʊ dɪz wən ˈkɑmbaɪn ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ˈɪntu, ən ˈɑnəstli kwaɪt draɪ ˈsəbʤɪkt fər ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈpipəl. ðə truθ ɪz ðət aɪ noʊ ðə bɛst ˈmɛθəd əv ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈpipəl ɔn ðɪs ˈtɑpɪk. maɪ ˈɛfərts tɪ səˈʤɛst θɪŋz tɪ ˈpipəl ˈdɪfərənt tɪ ðɛr əˈpɪnjən hæv bɪn mɛt wɪθ ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt hɑˈstɪləti. ɪt ɪz pərˈhæps ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈhərdəl ðət wɪl bi feɪst baɪ ðə ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi ˈmuvmənt.
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read the outcomes of this excellent bit of research from an adelaide high school student into knowledge and attitudes relating to nuclear power.
a couple of months ago, a family member of mine let me know about a high school student who was looking at nuclear power for a year 12 project. she said he was taking some flak from his peers for even looking at the issue, and he was starting to wonder if anyone else even thought nuclear power mattered.
so it was that i met michael bills. after quickly disavowing him of the idea that he was on his own, i answered some of his very good questions. a little while later, he sent me the findings of his research. i was amazed at what michael had achieved, and asked him to write it up for dsa.
i don’t think this is good work “for a school student”. i think this is good work. i hope michael gets to play with some bigger canvasses in future to further test and refine these processes and results because he has a lot to offer this discussion.
as you will read, the theme of this post means it it quite appropriate for me to remind everyone of a unique opportunity to hear the case for nuclear power presented by four prominent environmentalists and commentators, to be hosted by walkerville council on 9 june for world environment day. there would be few better opportunities to ask questions and engage in discussions about nuclear power as a potential option for australia. you can read more about it here and register here.
over to you michael.
the education enigma
i’m michael bills, a student at pembroke school doing my research project on ‘whether australia should switch to nuclear energy’, focusing on the public’s opinion of the issue as well as the general facts surrounding it.
there is an overwhelming amount of evidence that supports the existence of climate change. from increased recorded temperature to the disappearance of arctic sea ice, there are few that will refute climate change’s existence. even if one belongs to that minority, there still exists the problem that there is a finite amount of fossil fuels left in the world. at the end of the day, there is no way continuing on using fossil fuels as a power source is for the greater good.
when it comes to alternatives, nuclear is the way to go, plain and simple. it is the only power source that is comprised of readily available technology which can not only meet our current energy requirements, but also our growing needs. it is absurd to expect anything other than a growth in the requirement of electricity over the coming centuries, and as such, our power supply choices must be made accordingly.
nuclear all but eliminates the greenhouse gas emissions from the power generation sector, and it does so cheaply and efficiently. with new generation iv reactor technology, there is the additional advantage of creating enough electricity to either power electric transport directly or create synthetic fuels for transport. once we reach that stage, the two biggest producers of dangerous emissions are essentially dealt with. if australia reaches this stage, we can be proud to honestly say that we are doing the best we can to stabilise our climate.
explaining why nuclear energy is the right idea to an audience such as this is incredibly redundant. instead i’m here to present my own original findings in regards to my age group’s opinion on the subject. in the end it will come down to the people’s opinion, and within the next year my age group will be voting. as such i believe that through the education of my generation, progress can be made in regards to getting nuclear approved within australia.
what’s stopping nuclear energy? – the people.
initially i merely spoke to my classmates about their thoughts on nuclear energy. surprisingly (at least to me) i was met with an extraordinary amount of negativity in regards to not only my topic, but the fact that i would question what i believed to be myths surrounding it. to say that i supported nuclear energy was like saying i supported the murder of innocent people. after a while i noticed a pattern where the discussions with people who seemed to know a lot about the issue agreed that nuclear energy was the right way to go, and vice versa.
i quickly designed a small handwritten survey that explored this relationship. i had a couple of quiz questions, such as ‘can a nuclear reactor explode like a nuclear bomb?’, and i asked if the person agreed with nuclear energy in australia. the feedback received from this initial survey was interesting, there seemed to be a correlation between the people’s ‘knowledge’ and whether or not they agreed with nuclear energy. additionally, people were openly aggressive in defending their definition of ‘a survey’, with many people saying that you cannot include quiz questions, they must all be based on opinion. one legitimate complaint was that the survey drove the sample towards a favouritism of nuclear energy due to the wording of the questions; it was directed and biased towards my own opinion.
with this on board i developed the next iteration of the survey and hosted it online. it contained the following questions, with the ‘quiz questions’ marked in red.
question: response type: do you think australia should use nuclear energy? yes / no would nuclear energy be acceptably ‘safe’ if it were used in australia, under appropriate government supervision? yes / no are there any nuclear reactors operating in australia at this time? energy producing or otherwise? yes / no under similar legislations regarding safety, do you think coal mining and power is safer than uranium mining and nuclear power? yes / no do you think leukaemia rates are higher near nuclear reactors? yes / no can australia get along fine with wind / hydroelectric / solar alternatives as opposed to nuclear energy? yes / no has the issue of ‘nuclear waste’ been solved? yes / no do you think wind / hydroelectric / solar plants should be built over fossil fuel based power plants? yes / no do you believe accidents involving nuclear energy are overhyped by the media? yes / no can a nuclear reactor explode like a nuclear bomb due to a catastrophic meltdown? yes / no regardless of whether or not nuclear energy should be used in australia, do you believe australia should accept nuclear waste from other countries for storage? yes / no how knowledgeable would you say you were on the topic of nuclear energy? i don’t know anything / somewhat knowledgeable / knowledgeable / very knowledgeable / i’m an expert have you ever formally studied any aspect of nuclear physics / nuclear energy? yes / no is there anything you would like to add? long text box answer.
i tried to keep the questions limited to ‘yes or no’ answers, while still providing a place for them to give feedback (and abuse).
i decided against the inclusion of an ‘i don’t know’ option. this was not only for simplicity, but also so that the person would be forced to be confident in their decision. (i note that this decision is perhaps the only one i would change if i were to do the survey again. while i received very interesting and useful results, i am sure that the inclusion of an ‘i don’t know’ option would allow for greater depth in the analysis stage. however at the time i didn’t have the computational skill or tools to process said extra data.)
the initial results
i distributed the survey among my peers, collecting a total of 189 responses.
overall 116 people answered ‘yes’ to the question ‘do you think australia should use nuclear energy?’, and 73 answered ‘no’. that is a 61% ‘yes’ vote, which is of course a majority. by this statistic alone i am convinced that the battle in favour of nuclear energy is by no means impossible to win, quite on the contrary.
the main argument i encountered against nuclear energy is that it is unsafe. of the people that didn’t believe australia should use nuclear energy, 70% of them answered ‘no’ to the question: ‘would nuclear energy be acceptably ‘safe’ if it were used in australia, under appropriate government supervision?’ additionally, 64% of them answered ‘yes’ to the question ‘do you think leukaemia rates are higher near nuclear reactors?’. this discrepancy in responses forced me to apply some filters to the data.
if someone were to answer ‘i don’t know anything’ to the question ‘how knowledgeable would you say you were on the topic of nuclear energy?’ their results would be discredited. this sample reduction resulted in 154 responses left for use. (81% of the original size)
at this stage, each participant was given a ‘point’ for every ‘quiz’ question they got correct. this gave them a score out of three which could be used to ‘rank’ their results against each other.
of those who scored perfectly, 85% of them agreed that australia should use nuclear energy, a massive improvement on the previous statistic.
a total of 12 people that were self-proclaimed ‘somewhat knowledgeable’ got none of the quiz questions correct. of those, only two believed that nuclear energy should be used in australia. that is, 83% of them were against it.
at this point i plotted a graph of the amount of questions the participants got correct against the percentage of them that agreed with nuclear power.
the obvious proportionality shown, in my opinion tells us one thing: if we want nuclear power to be accepted by the masses, people need to be educated on the topic.
i am certain that most opinions on the topic are heavily influenced by the public media, and the majority of people know this.
when asked if they believed that accidents involving nuclear energy were over hyped by the media, the majority of people said they were.
if we split this up into people who are pro and anti-nuclear, we see a correlation.
do you believe accidents involving nuclear energy are overhyped by the media?
as you can see those who are pro nuclear are far more likely to believe that nuclear accidents are accidents are overhyped by the media, while those against tend to believe the media is truthful.
other interesting findings
in response to alternative energy sources, there was no clear winner as to whether wind, hydroelectric or solar alternatives could sustain australia.
the difference occurs when the results are split by their initial opinion on nuclear power itself.
can australia get along fine with wind / hydroelectric / solar alternatives as opposed to nuclear energy?
one part of this nuclear debate that i am still undecided upon is the issue of accepting other countries’ nuclear waste. i found that absolutely every combination of filters resulted in the same result: we don’t want other countries’ nuclear waste in australia.
if the results are split by pro and anti-nuclear:
do you believe australia should accept nuclear waste from other countries for storage?
not so surprisingly, 91% of those who are anti-nuclear disagree with accepting waste.
the next step
while year twelve physics students undertaking the sace will study nuclear physics at some point in their curriculum, this group of people represents a very small portion of the demographic that should be targeted. television advertisements come to mind, but getting them to run in a media dominated by the idea that nuclear is bad would be an expensive and possibly ultimately futile effort. viral youtube videos spring to mind, but they rely on entertainment for the most part for their virality, so how does one combine entertainment into, an honestly quite dry subject for the vast majority of people.
the truth is that i don’t know the best method of educating people on this topic. my efforts to suggest things to people different to their opinion have been met with disproportionate hostility. it is perhaps the biggest hurdle that will be faced by the nuclear energy movement.
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ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈæktɪŋ ɔn hɪz oʊn ɔn ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt rulz ˈrəðər ðən weɪt fər ˈkɑŋgrəs. (ˈændru ˈɪmɪʤɪz) ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə həz ˈɑptɪd tɪ meɪk səm ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm ɔn hɪz oʊn, ˈrəðər ðən ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ˈkɑŋgrəs tɪ pæs ən ˈoʊvərˌhɔl ˈmɛʒər ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ɪˈlɛkʃən jɪr. ənd hɪz nu ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt rulz hæv ɔˈrɛdi wən ðə preɪz əv wən ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt. ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt wɪl noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi juzd ɔn ˈʤuvəˌnaɪlz ər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz əˈkjuzd ər kənˈvɪktəd əv ˌloʊˈlɛvəl kraɪmz, ˌoʊˈbɑmə əˈnaʊnst ˈmənˌdeɪ ɪn ə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər op-ed*. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ɪz ɪkˈspændɪŋ ˈtritmənt fər ðə ˈmɛnəli ɪl ənd ˈræmpɪŋ əp ðə əˈmaʊnt əv taɪm ˈɪnˌmeɪts səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt gɪt tɪ spɛnd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðɛr sɛlz. kəˈlɛktɪvli, ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wɪl əˈfɛkt ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɪzənərz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə waɪt haʊs. ðoʊz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz stɛmd frəm ən ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌrivˈju əv ˈfɛdərəl ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt ˈpɑləsiz ðət bɪˈgæn læst ˈsəmər. ðət ˌrivˈju dɪˈtərmənd ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈprɪzənərz ɪn ˈsɑləˌtɛri kən bi ə tool”*” ɪn ˈɪnstənsɪz səʧ ɛz ˈprɪzənərz ˈnidɪŋ tɪ bi ɪn ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən fər ðɛr prəˈtɛkʃən, ˌoʊˈbɑmə roʊt ɪn ðə əˈpɪnjən pis ɪn ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst. ðoʊz ˈkeɪsɪz, ðə ˈpræktɪs ʃʊd bi ˈlɪmɪtɪd, əˈplaɪd wɪθ kənˈstreɪnts ənd juzd ˈoʊnli ɛz ə ˈmɛʒər əv læst resort,”*,” ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt roʊt. ðə waɪt haʊs kleɪmz əp tɪ ˈpipəl ər biɪŋ hɛld ɪn ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈprɪzənz, wɪθ ɛz ˈmɛni ɛz ˈsərvɪŋ ““months*, ˈivɪn jɪrz əv ðɛr ˈsɛntənsɪz əˈloʊn ɪn ə ˈtaɪni sɛl, wɪθ ˈɔlˌmoʊst noʊ ˈjumən contact.”*.” bət ˈsɑləˌtɛri wɔʧ, ə wɪŋ əv ðə ˌnɑnˈprɔfɪt kəmˈjunɪti fˈjuʧərz kəˈlɛktɪv, sɪz ˈnəmbər əv ˈpipəl hɛld ɪn ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts həz bɪn noʊˈtɔriəsli ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ determine.”*.” læk əv rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz du tɪ ˈvɛriənsɪz ənd ˈʃɔrtˌkəmɪŋz ɪn ˈdætə ˈgæðərɪŋ ənd aɪˈdiəz əv wət ˈkɑnstəˌtuts ˈsɑləˌtɛri confinement,”*,” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈsɑləˌtɛri wɔʧ fækt ʃit ðət sɛd, ˈkərəntli əˈveɪləbəl ˈɛstəˌmeɪts səˈʤɛst bɪtˈwin tɪ ˌɪnˈkɑrsərˌeɪtɪd ˈpərsənz ər hɛld ɪn səm fɔrm əv ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd confinement.”*.” ə baɪˈpɑrtɪzən pɛr əv ˈsɛnətərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt, wər kwɪk tɪ preɪz ˌoʊˈbɑməz muv. "sɛn. ˈbʊkər ənd aɪ hæv ˈstrɔŋli ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd fər ðɪs tɪ ˈhæpən, aɪ æm səˈpɔrtɪv əv ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈɛndɪŋ ˈʤuvəˌnaɪl ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt," sɛn. rænd pɔl, ə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt, sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ roʊl kɔl. ðə kənˈtəki rɪˈpəblɪkən wɑz rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ sɛn. ˈkɔˌri ˈbʊkər, d-n.j*., wɪθ hum hi həz wərkt ɔn ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈɪʃuz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈʤuvəˌnaɪl dɪˈtɛnʃən. ˈæftər ðə ˈprɛzɪdənts əˈpɪnjən pis əˈpɪrd, ˈbʊkər ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd hɪz ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən tɪ bɑr ˈʤuvəˌnaɪl dɪˈtɛnʃən fər ˈʤuvəˌnaɪlz ɪn ˈfɛdərəl ˈkəstədi ɪkˈsɛpt ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli wɪn əˈfɪʃəlz ər ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈɪʃuz ər ˌʃɔrtˈtərm θrɛts. ˈprɛzɪdənts əˈnaʊnsmɛnt ɪz ə stɛp ˈfɔrwərd ɪn rɪˈstɔrɪŋ ˈdɪgnəti tɪ ɑr ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm ənd ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðə weɪ ɪt trits ˈʧɪldrən ənd nɑnˈvaɪələnt əˈfɛndərz," ˈbʊkər sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. "ˈkɑŋgrəs məst naʊ ækt tɪ meɪk ðə bæn ɔn ˈʤuvəˌnaɪl ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt pɑrt əv ˈfɛdərəl lɔ." ðə wərk əv pɔl ənd ˈbʊkər ˌəndərˈskɔr ə ˈbrɔdər ˈlɛvəl əv səˈpɔrt əˈməŋ rɪˈpəblɪkənz ənd ˈdɛməˌkræts ɔn ˈkæpɪtəl hɪl fər ə sˈwipɪŋ ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈoʊvərˌhɔl ˈmɛʒər. ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈɔlsoʊ səˈpɔrts səʧ ə bɪl ɛz hi lʊks tɪ lɑk ɪn ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ˈlɛgəsi ˈɪʃuz ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈfaɪnəl jɪr ɪn ˈɔfəs. ˈnoʊtəbli, ˈsɛnɪt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti ˈʧɛrmən ˈʧɑrəlz i. ˈgræsli, r-iowa*, ˈɔlsoʊ həz ˈsɪgnəld səˈpɔrt fər ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈsɑləˌtɛri ˈpɑləsi ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti pæst ə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈoʊvərˌhɔl bɪl læst noʊˈvɛmbər baɪ ə voʊt əv wɪθ rɪˈpəblɪkənz ənd ˈdɛməˌkræts səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ˈmɛʒər. ðə bɪl həz jɛt tɪ riʧ ðə ˈsɛnɪt flɔr. ðə haʊs kʊd ɑpt tɪ pæs ˈsɛvərəl sˈmɔlər ˈmɛʒərz ðət wʊd hæv tɪ bi ˈrɛkənˌsaɪld wɪθ ə ˈbrɔdər ˈsɛnɪt bɪl, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə pæθ tɪ ˌoʊˈbɑməz dɛsk ˈsəmˈwət ˈmərki. ɪn ðə op-ed*, ˌoʊˈbɑmə toʊld ðə ˈstɔri əv ˈbraʊdər, ə hu wɑz sɛnt tɪ ˈraɪkərz ˈaɪlənd ʤeɪl ɪn nu jɔrk ˈæftər biɪŋ əˈkjuzd əv ˈstilɪŋ ə ˈbækˌpæk. waɪl dɪˈteɪnd ðɛr əˈweɪtɪŋ traɪəl, ˌoʊˈbɑmə raɪts ðət ðə brɑŋks ˈneɪtɪv ənˈspikəbəl ˈvaɪələns æt ðə hænz əv ˈɪnˌmeɪts ənd gɑrdz ənd spɛnt ˈnɪrli tu jɪrz ɪn ˈsɑləˌtɛri confinement.”*.” hi wɑz riˈlist ɪn 2013 ˈæftər ˈnɛvər rɪˈsivɪŋ ə traɪəl. ˈbraʊdər, 22 kəˈmɪtɪd ˈsuɪˌsaɪd ˈərli læst ʤun. kəmˈplitɪd ə səkˈsɛsfəl səˈmɛstər æt brɑŋks kəmˈjunɪti college,”*,” ˌoʊˈbɑmə roʊt. laɪf wɑz ə ˈkɑnstənt ˈstrəgəl tɪ rɪˈkəvər frəm ðə ˈtrɔmə əv biɪŋ lɑkt əp əˈloʊn fər 23 aʊərz ə day.”*.” ðə ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌrivˈju ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈdust ə sɛt əv 50 əˈkrɔs ə reɪnʤ əv ˈprɪzən ˈɪʃuz ðət wɪl bi sɛnt tɪ ɔl ˈfɛdərəl ˈkrɪmənəl dɪˈtɛnʃən fəˈsɪlɪtiz. ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈbɛnɪt æt ənd ˈfɑloʊ ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər æt ˈkɑnˌtækt lɛsˈnɛfski æt ənd ˈfɑloʊ ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər rɪˈleɪtɪd:
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obama acting on his own on solitary confinement rules rather than wait for congress. (andrew caballero-reynolds/afp/getty images)
president barack obama has opted to make some changes to the federal criminal justice system on his own, rather than waiting for congress to pass an overhaul measure during an election year. and his new solitary confinement rules have already won the praise of one gop presidential candidate.
solitary confinement will no longer be used on juveniles or individuals accused or convicted of low-level crimes, obama announced monday in a newspaper op-ed. he also is expanding treatment for the mentally ill and ramping up the amount of time inmates subjected to solitary confinement get to spend outside their cells. collectively, the changes will affect 10,000 federal prisoners, according to the white house. those changes stemmed from an obama-ordered justice department review of federal solitary confinement policies that began last summer. that review determined holding prisoners in solitary can be a “necessary tool” in instances such as prisoners needing to be in isolation for their protection, obama wrote in the opinion piece in the washington post.
“in those cases, the practice should be limited, applied with constraints and used only as a measure of last resort,” the president wrote.
the white house claims up to 100,000 people are being held in solitary confinement in american prisons, with as many as 25,000 serving “months, even years of their sentences alone in a tiny cell, with almost no human contact.”
but solitary watch, a wing of the non-profit community futures collective, says “the number of people held in solitary confinement in the united states has been notoriously difficult to determine.”
“the lack of reliable information is due to state-by-state variances and shortcomings in data gathering and ideas of what constitutes solitary confinement,” according to a solitary watch fact sheet . “with that said, currently available estimates suggest between 80,000 to 100,000 incarcerated persons are held in some form of isolated confinement.”
a bipartisan pair of senators, including a republican presidential candidate, were quick to praise obama's move.
"sen. booker and i have strongly advocated for this to happen, i am supportive of the idea of ending juvenile solitary confinement," sen. rand paul, a gop presidential candidate, said in a statement to roll call.
the kentucky republican was referring to sen. cory booker, d-n.j., with whom he has worked on criminal justice issues, including juvenile detention.
after the president's opinion piece appeared, booker highlighted his legislation to bar juvenile detention for juveniles in federal custody except temporarily when officials are dealing with behavioral issues or short-term threats.
“the president's announcement is a step forward in restoring dignity to our criminal justice system and improving the way it treats children and nonviolent offenders," booker said in a statement. "congress must now act to make the ban on juvenile solitary confinement a permanent part of federal law."
the work of paul and booker underscore a broader level of support among republicans and democrats on capitol hill for a sweeping criminal justice overhaul measure. obama also supports such a wide-ranging bill as he looks to lock in a handful of outstanding legacy issues during his final year in office.
notably, senate judiciary committee chairman charles e. grassley, r-iowa, also has signaled support for obama's solitary policy changes.
the judiciary committee passed a criminal justice overhaul bill last november by a vote of 15-5, with republicans and democrats supporting the measure. the bill has yet to reach the senate floor. the house could opt to pass several smaller measures that would have to be reconciled with a broader senate bill, making the path to obama's desk somewhat murky.
in the op-ed, obama told the story of kalief browder, a 16-year-old who was sent to rikers island jail in new york after being accused of stealing a backpack. while detained there awaiting trial, obama writes that the bronx native “endured unspeakable violence at the hands of inmates and guards -- and spent nearly two years in solitary confinement.”
he was released in 2013 after never receiving a trial. browder, 22, committed suicide early last june.
“he completed a successful semester at bronx community college,” obama wrote. “but life was a constant struggle to recover from the trauma of being locked up alone for 23 hours a day.”
the justice department review also produced a set of 50 “guidelines ” across a range of prison issues that will be sent to all federal criminal detention facilities.
contact bennett at johnbennett@cqrollcall.com and follow him on twitter at @bennettjohnt . contact lesniewski at niels@cqrollcall.com and follow him on twitter @nielslesniewski .
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ˈflɔrɪdə ˈpæstər fɔrst tɪ fli ˈneɪkəd ˈæftər pərˈɪʃənər faɪndz ɪm ɪn bɛd wɪθ waɪf iˈmeɪl prɪnt ˈmɛnju ˈgugəl ðə rɛv. oʊ. ʤərˈmeɪn ˈsɪmənz ˈsɪstər., ˈpæstər əv ðə ˈpɑpjələr ˈʤeɪkəb ˈʧæpəl ˈbæptɪst ʧərʧ ɪn ˌtæləˈhæsi, ˈflɔrɪdə, hu ˈrisəntli ˈɔθərd ə bʊk ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈɪʃuz əv ˈgɑdli ˈmænˌhʊd, wɑz sɛnt ˈrənɪŋ fər hɪz laɪf læst ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈæftər wən əv hɪz pərˈɪʃənərz faʊnd ɪm ɪn bɛd wɪθ hɪz waɪf. ə rɪˈpɔrt frəm ðə ˌtæləˈhæsi pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt əkˈwaɪərd baɪ ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪn poʊst sɛd ˈsɪmənz, 37 hu ɪz ˈmɛrid wɪθ wən ʧaɪld əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ hɪz ˈʧərʧəz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, wɑz kɔt ɪn bɛd wɪθ ˈstɛfənz, 34 baɪ ðə ˈwʊmənz ˈhəzbənd, ˈbɛnʤəmən ˈstɛfənz iii*. boʊθ ənd ˈbɛnʤəmən ər hɪz pərˈɪʃənərz. ðə ˈpæstər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə pəˈlis rɪˈpɔrt, dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ prɛs ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst ˈhəzbənd, bət həz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ɪn ə swɔrn ˈsteɪtmənt ðət ʃi wɪl bi ˈprɛsɪŋ ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst hər ˈhəzbənd. ɪt wɑz ənˈklɪr ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun ɪf ʃi hæd ˈæktɪd ɔn ðət ˈsteɪtmənt., hu həz bɪn ˈmɛrid fər ˈsɛvən jɪrz, toʊld pəˈlis ðət ʃi fərst mɛt ˈsɪmənz ɪn 2014 bət "ðeɪ hæv bɪn ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp" ɛz əv ɑkˈtoʊbər 2016 læst ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ʃi sɛd, ˈsɪmənz keɪm ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə hoʊm ʃi ʃɛrz wɪθ hər ˈhəzbənd ənd ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən soʊ ðeɪ kʊd "tɔk ˈoʊvər ˈstɑrtɪŋ ə ˈbɪznɪs, ˈpætənts ənd ˈtreɪdˌmɑrks, ənd prəˈvaɪdɪŋ lɛs ˈfɔrʧənət kɪdz wɪθ kloʊðz ənd ʃuz." ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈmitɪŋ, ʃi sɛd ðeɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈhævɪŋ sɛks. waɪl ðeɪ wər ɪnˈgeɪʤd, hər sənz skul wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt ɪn təʧ wɪθ hər tɪ pɪk ɪm əp. sɪns ʃi dɪd nɑt ˈænsər, ðə skul riʧt aʊt tɪ ðə bɔɪz ˈfɑðər. ˈbɛnʤəmən pɪkt əp ðɛr sən ənd ˈhɛdɪd hoʊm ˈoʊnli tɪ dɪˈskəvər hɪz waɪf ɪnˈgeɪʤd wɪθ ˈsɪmənz ɪn ðɛr ˈoʊldəst ˈdɔtərz ˈbɛˌdrum. ˈbɛnʤəmən rɪˈpɔrtədli skrimd "əm ˈgɑnə kɪl ɪm," ənd wɛnt tɪ ðə ˈkəpəlz ˈbɛˌdrum tɪ rɪˈtriv ə smɔl ˈhændˌgən. ɔn ˈhirɪŋ ðə θrɛt, ðə ˈfraɪtənd ˈpæstər flɛd ðə ˈkəpəlz hoʊm ˈneɪkəd wɪˈθaʊt ˈweɪtɪŋ tɪ si wət wʊd ˈhæpən. ðə ɪnˈreɪʤd ˈhəzbənd əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ʧeɪs ˈæftər ðə ˈpæstər bət hɪz waɪf stɛpt ɪn frənt əv ɪm ənd bɛgd ɪm nɑt tɪ kɪl hər ˈləvər ɪn frənt əv ðɛr sən. ʃi toʊld pəˈlis ðət hər ˈhəzbənd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd əˈgɛnst ˈʃutɪŋ hər bɪˈkəz hər sən wɑz ˈprɛzənt. ʃi ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət ʃi traɪd tɪ ˈgæðər ðə ˈpæstərz kloʊðz tɪ rɪˈtərn ðɛm tɪ ɪm bət hər ˈhəzbənd tʊk ðə kloʊðz ənd sɛd hi wʊd drɔp ðɛm ɔf æt ðə ʧərʧ. sɛd hər ˈhəzbənd ˈsteɪtɪd ðət hi "ʃʊd hæv ʃɑt ˈsɪmənz ənd ɪkˈspoʊz ɪm." hi ˈɔlsoʊ θˈrɛtənd tɪ ɪkˈspoʊz ɪm ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd ʃoʊ əp æt ʧərʧ ɔn ˈsənˌdi tɪ "meɪk ə ˈsteɪtmənt." ʃi sɛd ʃi ˈplidɪd wɪθ hər ˈhəzbənd nɑt tɪ meɪk ə ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ ðə ʧərʧ bɪˈkəz ɪt wʊd meɪk ðɛr ˈpæstər "lʊk bæd." hər ˈhəzbənd əˈlɛʤədli toʊld hər tɪ "ʃət əp" waɪl stɪl ˈweɪvɪŋ ðə ˈhændˌgən əraʊnd bət nɑt dɪˈrɛkli æt hər. ðə ˈfraɪtənd ˈpæstər hæd wən əv hɪz ˈəðər pərˈɪʃənərz pɪk ɪm əp frəm wɛr hi wɑz ˈhaɪdɪŋ ənd ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ɔl hɪz kloʊðz, ˈhəzbənd hæd ˈteɪkən hɪz kɑr kiz, ˈwɔlət, ˈbɪznɪs kiz ənd ˈəðər ˈpərsɪnəl ˈifɛkts. pəˈlis wər ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈeɪbəl tɪ əreɪnʤ fər ðə rɪˈtərn əv ðə ˈpæstərz bɪˈlɔŋɪŋz. ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪn poʊst riʧt aʊt tɪ ˈʤeɪkəb ˈʧæpəl ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ənd wɑz toʊld ðət ˈsɪmənz rɪˈmeɪnd ðə ˈpæstər əv ðə ʧərʧ. wɪn æst ɪf ˈɛni ˈækʃən hæd bɪn ˈteɪkən əˈgɛnst ɪm rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈɪnsədənt, ən əˈfɪʃəl hu dɪd nɑt aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ hərˈsɛlf dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt. ə ˈfɔrmər pərˈɪʃənər, hu wɪʃt tɪ rɪˈmeɪn əˈnɑnəməs, toʊld ðət ˈsɪmənz ənd hɪz ʧərʧ hæd dən ə lɔt əv gʊd ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti praɪər tɪ ðə ˈɪnsədənt. "ˌbiˈfɔr ðɪs ˈɪnsədənt ənd ðət ˈpæstər ðət ʧərʧ həz dən ə lɔt əv gʊd θruaʊt ðət kəmˈjunɪti. [ðə ʧərʧ] hɛlpt ˈpipəl wɪθ bɪlz, hɛlpt ˈpipəl faɪnd ʤɑbz, hɛlpt ˈpipəl gɪt ɔf drəgz. ðɛr həz bɪn ə lɔt əv ˈpɑzətɪv θɪŋz dən ɪn ðɪs ʧərʧ," hi sɛd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈʧərʧəz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, ˈsɪmənz ɪz ðə naɪnθ ˈpæstər əv ðə mɔr ðən ˈʤeɪkəb ˈʧæpəl ənd hi ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə fɔrθ ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ˈpæstər ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈpəblɪk skul ˈtiʧər. sɪns hɪz ərˈaɪvəl æt ðə ʧərʧ ɪn 2005 mɔr ðən soʊlz hæv bɪn ˈædɪd tɪ ðə ˈbɑdi əv kraɪst ənd ðə ˈloʊkəl ʧərʧ." "ˈəndər ˈpæstər ˈsɪmənz' ˈlidərˌʃɪp, ˈʤeɪkəb ˈʧæpəl həz ˈlɪtərəli fɛd ðə ˈhəŋgri, kloʊðd ðə ˈneɪkəd, tɪ ðoʊz ɪn ˈprɪzənz, ənd bɪlt ˈhaʊsɪz fər ðoʊz wɪˈθaʊt ˈʃɛltər. ɪt ɪz ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ əv ðə krɔs, ðə dɛθ, ðə ˈbɛriəl, ənd ðə ˌrɛzərˈɛkʃən əv kraɪst frəm ðə greɪv wɪʧ kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ fjuəl ðə faɪər ðət bərnz wɪˈθɪn ðɪs ˈpæʃənət ˈpriʧər ənd ˈtiʧər," ðə ʧərʧ sɛd. ɪn hɪz nu bʊk aɪ nid ə mæn ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 2016 ˈsɪmənz ˈɔfərz ə frɛʃ, pərˈspɛktɪv ɔn ðə ˈɪʃuz əv ˈgɑdli ˈmænˌhʊd, ˈmɛntərɪŋ, ənd aɪˈdɛntəˌti. "ju ˈkænɑt noʊ hu ju ər, nɔr kən ju dɪˈskəvər wət ju wər kɔld tɪ du ɪn ðɪs wərld ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv jʊr kriˈeɪtər əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ˈmænˈkaɪnd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ə ˈbɪblɪkəl ˈkɑntɛkst ɪz laɪk traɪɪŋ tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ən ˈaɪˌfoʊn wɪˈθaʊt stiv ʤɑbz' ˈɪnˌpʊt," hi sɛd.
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florida pastor forced to flee naked after parishioner finds him in bed with wife
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the rev. o. jermaine simmons sr., pastor of the popular jacob chapel baptist church in tallahassee, florida, who recently authored a book focused on issues of godly manhood, was sent running for his life last tuesday after one of his parishioners found him in bed with his wife.
a report from the tallahassee police department acquired by the christian post said simmons, 37, who is married with one child according to his church's website, was caught in bed with claynisha stephens, 34, by the woman's husband, benjamin stephens iii. both claynisha and benjamin are his parishioners.
the pastor, according to the police report, declined to press charges against claynisha's husband, but claynisha has indicated in a sworn statement that she will be pressing charges against her husband. it was unclear on monday afternoon if she had acted on that statement.
claynisha, who has been married for seven years, told police that she first met simmons in 2014, but "they have been establishing a relationship" as of october 2016.
last tuesday, she said, simmons came over to the home she shares with her husband and their children so they could "talk over starting a business, patents and trademarks, and providing less fortunate kids with clothes and shoes."
during the meeting, she said they started having sex. while they were engaged, her 6-year-old son's school was trying to get in touch with her to pick him up. since she did not answer, the school reached out to the boy's father.
benjamin picked up their son and headed home only to discover his wife engaged with simmons in their oldest daughter's bedroom.
benjamin reportedly screamed "i'm gonna kill him," and went to the couple's bedroom to retrieve a small handgun.
on hearing the threat, the frightened pastor fled the couple's home naked without waiting to see what would happen. the enraged husband attempted to chase after the pastor but his wife stepped in front of him and begged him not to kill her lover in front of their son.
she told police that her husband decided against shooting her because her son was present. she explained that she tried to gather the pastor's clothes to return them to him but her husband took the clothes and said he would drop them off at the church.
claynisha said her husband stated that he "should have shot simmons and expose him." he also threatened to expose him on facebook and show up at church on sunday to "make a statement." she said she pleaded with her husband not to make a statement to the church because it would make their pastor "look bad." her husband allegedly told her to "shut up" while still waving the handgun around but not directly at her.
the frightened pastor had one of his other parishioners pick him up from where he was hiding and indicated that along with all his clothes, claynisha's husband had taken his car keys, wallet, business keys and other personal effects.
police were eventually able to arrange for the return of the pastor's belongings.
the christian post reached out to jacob chapel on monday and was told that simmons remained the pastor of the church. when asked if any action had been taken against him regarding the incident, an official who did not identify herself declined to comment.
a former parishioner, who wished to remain anonymous, told cp that simmons and his church had done a lot of good in the community prior to the incident.
"before this incident and that pastor — that church has done a lot of good throughout that community. [the church] helped people with bills, helped people find jobs, helped people get off drugs. there has been a lot of positive things done in this church," he said.
according to the church's website, simmons is the ninth pastor of the more than 80-year-old jacob chapel and he is also a fourth generation pastor and former public school teacher.
since his arrival at the church in 2005, more than "4,000 souls have been added to the body of christ and the local church."
"under pastor simmons' leadership, jacob chapel has literally fed the hungry, clothed the naked, ministered to those in prisons, and built houses for those without shelter. it is the message of the cross, the death, the burial, and the resurrection of christ from the grave which continues to fuel the fire that burns within this passionate preacher and teacher," the church said.
in his new book i need a man published in 2016, simmons offers a fresh, down-to-earth perspective on the issues of godly manhood, mentoring, and identity.
"you cannot know who you are, nor can you discover what you were called to do in this world outside of the context of your creator — attempting to define mankind outside of a biblical context is like trying to understand an iphone without steve jobs' input," he said.
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ðə hɛd əv ˈneɪtoʊ θru daʊn ðə ˈgɔntlət ˈmənˌdeɪ, seɪɪŋ hi ɪkˈspɛkts ɔl ˈmɛmbərz tɪ ˌɪnˈkris wət ðeɪ spɛnd ɔn ðɛr ˈmɪləˌtɛriz ˈivɪn ɛz ə nu rɪˈpɔrt ʃoʊd ˈkænədə ˈlægɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd moʊst əv ɪts ˈælaɪz. ˈspikɪŋ ɪn ˈbrəsəlz wɛr hi riˈlist hɪz ˈænjuəl rɪˈpɔrt, ˈneɪtoʊ ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤɛnərəl ʤɛnz ˈstoʊltənbərg sɛd ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈkəmbənt ɔn ɔl ˈmɛmbərz tɪ spɛnd tu pər sɛnt əv ɔn dɪˈfɛns. ðət ɪz ðə ˈtərgət ɔl ˈneɪtoʊ ˈmɛmbərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkænədə, əˈgrid tɪ wərk təˈwɔrdz ɪn 2014 "ɔl ɑr ˈɛfərts məst bi ˈəndərˌpɪnd baɪ ˈædəkˌweɪt ˈrisɔrsɪz ənd fɛr burden-sharing*," ˈstoʊltənbərg sɛd. "ɪt ɪz ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ðət ɔl ˈælaɪz ʃʊd riʧ ðɪs goʊl. ɔl ˈælaɪz hæv əˈgrid tɪ du ɪt æt ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl. ɪt kən bi dən." rɪˈpɔrt sɛd ˈkænədə sɔ ə smɔl bəmp ɪn dɪˈfɛns ˈspɛndɪŋ ɪn 2016 wɪʧ pʊʃt ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ɪts spɛnt ɔn dɪˈfɛns tɪ frəm ðə ˌɪnˈkris hɛlpt ˈkænədə muv əp tɪ frəm ɪn tərmz əv ˈspɛndɪŋ əˈməŋ ˈneɪtoʊz 28 ˈælaɪz, ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪt ɪn ə θˈriˌweɪ taɪ wɪθ ˈhəŋgəri ənd sˌloʊˈviniə. bət ɪt wɑz stɪl ðə sˈmɔləst ʃɛr əv ðət ˈkænədə həz spɛnt ɔn dɪˈfɛns sɪns 2012 waɪl ˈoʊnli ˈbɛlʤəm, ðə ʧɛk riˈpəblɪk, ˈaɪslənd, ˈləksəmˌbɔrg ənd speɪn spɛnt lɛs. ˈkænədə meɪnˈteɪnz 'ðɛr ər ˈmɛni weɪz' əv kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ ðə ˈfɪgjərz hæv ˈteɪkən ɔn nu ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən əv juz. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp, hu həz kəmˈpleɪnd əˈbaʊt ˈneɪtoʊ ˈælaɪz nɑt ˈspɛndɪŋ ɪˈnəf ɔn dɪˈfɛns. praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈʤəstɪn truˈdoʊ əˈpɪrd tɪ ɔl bət dɪsˈmɪs ðə tu pər sɛnt ˈtərgət ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ˈʤərməni læst mənθ, seɪɪŋ: "ðɛr ər ˈmɛni weɪz əv ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪŋ wənz ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ˈneɪtoʊ." ən ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈseɪlər pərˈpɛrz tɪ bɔrd st*. ʤɑnz ˈhɛdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən tɪ səˈpɔrt ˈneɪtoʊ ˈmærəˌtaɪm grup 2 ɛz pɑrt əv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˌriəˈʃʊrəns. ðə kəˈneɪdiən ˈgəvərnmənt həz ˈɑrgjud ˈspɛndɪŋ ɪz nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ˈneɪtoʊ. (ˈændru kəˈneɪdiən prɛs) ðət ɪz ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt həz rɪˈpitɪdli dɪˈlɪvərd, ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪŋ ˈkænədəz ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz tɪ ˈlætviə, juˈkreɪn ənd ˌɪˈrɑk ɪn lu əv lɑrʤ ˈspɛndɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrisɪz. waɪl ˈlɪˌbərəl ˌɪnˈsaɪdərz seɪ ˈkænədəz ˈmɛsɪʤ həz ˈrɛzəˌneɪtɪd ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ˈstoʊltənbərg wɑz ənˈweɪvərɪŋ ɪn hɪz ˌɪnˈsɪstəns ðət ɔl ˈælaɪz mit ðə tu pər sɛnt ˈtərgət. æt wən pɔɪnt ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈmənˌdeɪz nuz ˈkɑnfərəns, hi ˈlɪstɪd ðə ˈmɛni weɪz ðət speɪn həz kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ˈneɪtoʊ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ trups tɪ ə ˈbætəl grup ɪn ˈlætviə. "ˈhævɪŋ sɛd ðət, əv kɔrs speɪn, ɛz ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈælaɪz, ˌɪnˈvɛsts tu ˈlɪtəl ɪn dɪˈfɛns," ˈstoʊltənbərg sɛd. "ənd ðæts ɪgˈzæktli waɪ wi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ɪn 2014 tɪ stɑp ðə kəts, ˈgræʤuəli ˌɪnˈkris, ənd muv təˈwɔrdz ˈspɛndɪŋ tu pər sɛnt əv ɔn dɪˈfɛns. ənd aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ðət speɪn wɪl dɪˈlɪvər ɔn ðət." pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ækˈnɑlɪʤd ə ˈfɔrmər praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər əv ˈnɔrˌweɪ, ˈstoʊltənbərg ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðə ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈʧɔɪsɪz ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz məst meɪk wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈspɛndɪŋ ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈtækˌspeɪər ˈdɔlərz. hi sɛd ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz prɪˈfər tɪ spɛnd ɔn ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, hɛlθ ənd ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ənd ˈmɛni ˈkəntriz kət dɪˈfɛns ˈspɛndɪŋ ɛz ˈtɛnʧənz izd ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðə koʊld wɔr. dɪˈfɛns ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ʤɪm ˈmætɪs ənd kəˈneɪdiən dɪˈfɛns ˈmɪnɪstər stænd fər ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. sɪz hi həz ˈɔrdərd əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ lʊk æt haʊ ˈkænədə ˈkælkjəˌleɪts ɪts dɪˈfɛns ˈspɛndɪŋ kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈəðər ˈneɪtoʊ ˈkəntriz. (klɪf prɛs) "bət maɪ ˈmɛsɪʤ ɪz ðət ɪf wi ər ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ dɪˈfɛns ˈspɛndɪŋ ɪn taɪmz wɪθ rɪˈdust ˈtɛnʧənz, wi hæv tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌɪnˈkris dɪˈfɛns ˈspɛndɪŋ wɪn ˈtɛnʧənz ər goʊɪŋ əp ənd naʊ ˈtɛnʧənz hæv gɔn əp." ˈkænədə spɛnz əˈbaʊt 20 ˈbɪljən ə jɪr ɔn dɪˈfɛns ənd wʊd nid tɪ ˈdəbəl ðət tɪ riʧ ðə ˈneɪtoʊ ˈtərgət. dɪˈfɛns ˈmɪnɪstər ˈrisəntli rɪˈvild ðət hi həz ˈɔrdərd əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ lʊk æt haʊ ˈkænədə ˈkælkjəˌleɪts ɪts dɪˈfɛns ˈspɛndɪŋ kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈəðər ˈneɪtoʊ ˈkəntriz. ˈoʊnli faɪv ˈneɪtoʊ ˈmɛmbərz ˈkərəntli spɛnd tu pər sɛnt əv ɔn dɪˈfɛns, ðoʊ ˈsɛvərəl hæv kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈriʧɪŋ ðə ˈtərgət ɪn ðə nɛkst fju jɪrz.
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the head of nato threw down the gauntlet monday, saying he expects all members to increase what they spend on their militaries even as a new report showed canada lagging behind most of its allies.
speaking in brussels where he released his annual state-of-the-alliance report, nato secretary general jens stoltenberg said it is incumbent on all members to spend two per cent of gdp on defence.
that is the target all nato members, including canada, agreed to work towards in 2014.
"all our efforts must be underpinned by adequate resources and fair burden-sharing," stoltenberg said.
"it is realistic that all allies should reach this goal. all allies have agreed to do it at the highest level. it can be done."
stoltenberg's report said canada saw a small bump in defence spending in 2016, which pushed the percentage of its gdp spent on defence to 1.02 from 0.98.
the increase helped canada move up to 20th from 23rd in terms of spending among nato's 28 allies, putting it in a three-way tie with hungary and slovenia.
but it was still the smallest share of gdp that canada has spent on defence since 2012, while only belgium, the czech republic, iceland, luxembourg and spain spent less.
canada maintains 'there are many ways' of contributing
the figures have taken on new importance following the election of u.s. president donald trump, who has complained about nato allies not spending enough on defence.
prime minister justin trudeau appeared to all but dismiss the two per cent target during a visit to germany last month, saying: "there are many ways of evaluating one's contribution to nato."
an unidentified sailor prepares to board hmcs st. john's heading to the mediterranean to support nato maritime group 2 as part of operation reassurance. the canadian government has argued gdp spending is not the only way to contribute to nato. (andrew vaughan/the canadian press)
that is the message the government has repeatedly delivered, emphasizing canada's military contributions to latvia, ukraine and iraq in lieu of large spending increases.
while liberal insiders say canada's message has resonated in washington, stoltenberg was unwavering in his insistence that all allies meet the two per cent target.
at one point during monday's news conference, he listed the many ways that spain has contributed to nato operations and security, which includes contributing troops to a canadian-led battle group in latvia.
"having said that, of course spain, as many other allies, invests too little in defence," stoltenberg said.
"and that's exactly why we decided in 2014 to stop the cuts, gradually increase, and move towards spending two per cent of gdp on defence. and i expect that spain will deliver on that."
political difficulties acknowledged
a former prime minister of norway, stoltenberg acknowledged the difficult choices politicians must make when it comes to spending limited taxpayer dollars.
he said politicians prefer to spend on education, health and infrastructure and many countries cut defence spending as tensions eased in the wake of the cold war.
defense secretary jim mattis and canadian defense minister harjit sajjan stand for the national anthem of the united states. sajjan says he has ordered officials to look at how canada calculates its defence spending compared with other nato countries. (cliff owen/associated press)
"but my message is that if we are decreasing defence spending in times with reduced tensions, we have to be able to increase defence spending when tensions are going up and now tensions have gone up."
canada spends about $20 billion a year on defence and would need to double that to reach the nato target.
defence minister harjit sajjan recently revealed that he has ordered officials to look at how canada calculates its defence spending compared with other nato countries.
only five nato members currently spend two per cent of gdp on defence, though several have committed to reaching the target in the next few years.
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ˈklivlənd, oʊˈhaɪoʊ ðə ˈklivlənd skul ˈdɪstrɪkt həz naʊ spɛnt ˈnɪrli ˈsɔrtɪŋ aʊt haʊ ɪt feɪld tɪ əˈplaɪ fər ənd kəˈlɛkt mɔr ðən 8 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈfɛdərəl tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈriˌbeɪts. ɪt həz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈpɛrəntli nɑt rɪˈkəvərd ə daɪm əv ðoʊz mɪst ˈriˌbeɪts, æt list nɑt jɛt. ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt ˈkænɑt ʃoʊ ˈɛni rɪˈkəvəri əv ðət ˈməni, 18 mənθs ˈæftər ðə ˈsɪtiz skul kənˈstrəkʃən ˈwɑʧˌdɔg ˈpænəl ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðə ˈfeɪljər, ˈiðər frəm ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt, ɪts ˈfɔrmər ˈriˌbeɪt kənˈsəltənt ər tu ˈfɔrmər ɪmˈplɔɪiz ɪt bleɪmz fər ðə mɪˈsteɪk. "ɑr ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɪz tɪ sik rɪˈkəvəri əv fəndz ɛz əˈproʊpriˌeɪt," ˈdɪstrɪkt ˈspoʊkspərsən sɛd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. "ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ənd bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ˈpɛndɪŋ ər ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən, ðɛr ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr tɪ ʃɛr æt ðɪs taɪm." ʃi dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ seɪ wət, ɪf ˈɛni, ˈligəl ˈækʃən ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt həz faɪld tɪ deɪt. ðɛr du nɑt əˈpɪr tɪ bi ˈɛni ˈkeɪsɪz faɪld rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðiz ˈriˌbeɪts ɪn ˌkaɪəˈhoʊgə ˈkɑmən pliz kɔrt. bət ðə ˈdɪstrɪkts bɪlz tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðə ˈfeɪljər hæv ˈrɪzən bɪɔnd ðə ɪn kɔsts ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt hæd rɪˈvild ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. ʃi sɛd bɪlz fər ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ ðə skwaɪr ˈpætən bɔgz lɔ fərm naʊ stænd æt ðə bɑnd əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti kəˈmɪʃən, ðə ˈdɪstrɪkts kənˈstrəkʃən ˈwɑʧˌdɔg ˈpænəl, ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn 2015 ðət ˈdɪstrɪkt əˈfɪʃəlz feɪld ɔn ˈməltəpəl ɔˈkeɪʒənz tɪ kəˈlɛkt ˈfɛdərəl ˈriˌbeɪts ɔn ˈɪntərˌnɛt kənɛkˈtɪvɪti ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ɪkˈwɪpmənt ˌɪnˈstɔld ɪn nu skulz bɪtˈwin 2006 ənd 2011 ðoʊ ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt hæd frəm ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld "e-rate*" ˈproʊˌgræm fər ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈriˌbeɪts ɔn ðə wərk, ɪt rɪˈsivd ˈoʊnli ˈmɪljən, ðə rɪˈpɔrt steɪts. ðət lɛft ə gæp əv ˈmɪljən ðət ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt ˈnɛvər kəˈlɛktəd. ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə mɪˈsteɪks əˈkərd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈdɪstrɪkt ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈɛrɪk ˈgɔrdən tʊk ˈɔfəs ɪn 2011 ðoʊ ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt mɪst səm ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz ənd dɪd nɑt rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ˈwɔrnɪŋz reɪzd baɪ ðə ˈəndər ˈgɔrdənz wɔʧ. ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt haɪərd skwaɪr, ˈpætən, bɔgz fər ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðə riˈlist ɪts ˈfaɪndɪŋz, tɪ faɪnd aʊt wət ˈhæpənd ənd gaɪd rɪˈkəvəri əv ðə ˈməni. ðət fərm riʧt ɛˈsɛnʃəli ðə seɪm kənˈkluʒən ɛz ðə hæd, ʤɪst ɪn mɔr ˈditeɪl. steɪt ˈɔdɪtər ˈdeɪvɪd joʊst ˈɔlsoʊ hæd ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr ˈfaɪndɪŋz ɪn ˈɔgəst, ðoʊ hɪz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz tʊk ðə ˈædɪd stɛp əv ˌɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðət ˈprɑpər ɪkˈwɪpmənt hæd bɪn ˌɪnˈstɔld ənd ðət frɔd hæd nɑt prɪˈvɛnɪd ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt frəm kəˈlɛktɪŋ ðə ˈməni. "ðɪs wɑz ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv pur ˈmænɪʤmənt, wik ˈpɑləsiz ənd ə læk əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ðət rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn juʤ ˈlɔsɪz," joʊst sɛd. "ɪts nɑt ˈkrɪmənəl, ɪts ˈstupɪd ə ˈvɛri bɪg 'ˈstupɪd."
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cleveland, ohio - the cleveland school district has now spent nearly $700,000 sorting out how it failed to apply for and collect more than $8 million in federal technology rebates.
it has also apparently not recovered a dime of those missed rebates, at least not yet.
the district cannot show any recovery of that money, 18 months after the city's school construction watchdog panel pointed out the failure, either from the federal government, its former rebate consultant or two former employees it blames for the mistake.
"our intent is to seek recovery of funds as appropriate," district spokesperson roseann canfora said wednesday. "the process is ongoing and because it is the subject of pending or anticipated litigation, there is nothing more to share at this time."
she declined to say what, if any, legal action the district has filed to date. there do not appear to be any cases filed related to these rebates in cuyahoga common pleas court.
but the district's bills to investigate the failure have risen beyond the $500,000 in then-incomplete costs the district had revealed in january.
she said bills for the investigation by the squire patton boggs law firm now stand at $693,000.
the bond accountability commission, the district's construction watchdog panel, reported in 2015 that district officials failed on multiple occasions to collect federal rebates on internet connectivity and communications equipment installed in new schools between 2006 and 2011.
though the district had pre-approval from the so-called "e-rate" program for $12.28 million in rebates on the work, it received only $3.71 million, the report states.
that left a gap of $8.5 million that the district never collected.
the majority of the mistakes occurred before district ceo eric gordon took office in 2011, though the district missed some application deadlines and did not respond to warnings raised by the bac under gordon's watch.
the district hired squire, patton, boggs for $550/hour shortly after the bac released its findings, to find out what happened and guide recovery of the money. that firm reached essentially the same conclusion as the bac had, just in more detail.
state auditor david yost also had very similar findings in august, though his investigators took the added step of insuring that proper equipment had been installed and that fraud had not prevented the district from collecting the money.
"this was a combination of poor management, weak policies and a lack of communications that resulted in huge losses," yost said. "it's not criminal, it's stupid - a very big 'stupid."
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ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən wʊd laɪk ˈpipəl tɪ θɪŋk ðət ɪf ju ər ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs ju ər kənˈsɪdərd ““alt-right,”*,” ənd ðəs əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt wɪθ ðə ku kləks klæn ənd ˈəðər ˈreɪʃəli dɪˈvaɪsɪv grups. ʃi meɪd ðɪs pɔɪnt ˈvɛri klɪr ɪn ə spiʧ ɪn ˈrinoʊ, nəˈvɑdə ðɪs wik. ju, ənd ðə ˈəðər 50 ˈmɪljən əˈmɛrɪkənz hu ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ səˈpɔrt hər ˈkændɪdəsi, ɪf ju ʃoʊ ˈɛni saɪnz əv səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈdɑnəld ˈpɑləsiz, ər ˈnəθɪŋ ʃɔrt əv ə waɪt suˈprɛməsɪst. ˈklɪntən ˈdəbəld daʊn ɔn ðɪs ˈsɛnəmənt wɪθ hər ˈleɪtəst trəmp əˈtæk æd wɪʧ ˈlaɪkənz ɔl trəmp səˈpɔrtərz tɪ ˈreɪsɪsts: bət ɪf ju noʊ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən, ðɛn ju noʊ ðət ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl wərd ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt əv hər maʊθ ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈɑbfəˌskeɪt fækts ənd ˈdiməˌnaɪz ˈɛniˌwən hu maɪt stænd ɪn hər weɪ əv biɪŋ ɪˈlɛktɪd tɪ ðə haɪəst ˈɔfəs əv ðə lænd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ʤoʊ weɪn æt ðə ʃoʊ ðɪs ɪz ˈvɛri məʧ ðə keɪs ɪn hər ˈleɪtəst əˈtæk æd (əˈbəv), wɪʧ rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈjuzɪz noʊ ˈækʧəwəl klæn ˈmɛmbərz, bət ˈrəðər, peɪd ˈæktərz ˌmæskərˈeɪdɪŋ ɛz trəmp səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈreɪsɪsts.. meɪk noʊ boʊnz əˈbaʊt it…*… aɪ æm goʊɪŋ tɪ lɛt ðiz ˈvɪdioʊz rən ənd ju bi ðə judge…*… aɪ hæv ə haɪ dɪˈgri əv ˈsərtənti ðət ju wɪl kəm tɪ ðə seɪm kənˈkluʒən ðət aɪ have…*… wɛr ðɛr ɪz smoʊk ðɛr həz tɪ bi fire…*… ənd ðɛr ɪz ə ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər æt ðə fit əv ˈhɪləri ˈrɑtən clinton…*… ənd waɪl ˈklɪntən ˈhæmərz trəmp bɪˈkəz hi ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˌdɪsəˈvaʊ ðə səˈpɔrt əv ˈkeɪˈkeɪˈkeɪ grænd ˈwɪzərd ˈdeɪvɪd duk, pərˈhæps ðə moʊst ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈæˌspɛkt əv ðɪs ˈstɔri ɪz ðət ɪt ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən hu wɪθ ˈreɪsɪsts, ɛz ˈɛvɪdənst baɪ hər ˈkɑmɛnts əˈbaʊt ðə leɪt ˈsɛnətər ˈrɑbərt bərd: ɑr ˈkəntri həz lɔst ə tru əˈmɛrɪkən ərˈɪʤənəl, maɪ frɛnd ənd ˈmɛnˌtɔr ˈrɑbərt si. byrd…*… ˈsɛnətər bərd wɑz ə mæn əv sərˈpæsɪŋ ˈɛləkwəns ənd nobility…*… ˈrɑbərt si. bərd lɛd baɪ ðə paʊər əv hɪz ɪgˈzæmpəl, ənd hi meɪd ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs hu hæd ðə ˈɑnər əv ˈsərvɪŋ ɛz hɪz ˈkɑligz ˈbɛtər ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvənts ənd ˈbɛtər ˈsɪtɪzənz. ɛz ɪt tərnz aʊt, bərd ɪz ə kənˈfərmd ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ku kləks klæn: wɪn bərd wɑz 24-years-old*, hi ʤɔɪnd ðə klæn bɪˈkəz hi wɑz ˈwərid ðət ˈdʊrɪŋ wərld wɔr ii*, hi maɪt hæv tɪ faɪt əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd mongrels*, ə θˈroʊˌbæk tɪ ðə ˈblækəst ˈspɛsəmən frəm ðə wilds.”*.” roʊt ðoʊz wərdz ɪn 1944 tɪ sɛn. ˈθiəˌdɔr ˈbɪlˌboʊ, ə stɔnʧ ˌsɛgrəˈgeɪʃənɪst əv kɔrs ˈnɛvər si ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt ˈkɛrid baɪ abcnbccbscnn*, bət ðət meɪk ɪt ˈɛni lɛs tru. ənd ʤɪst tɪ pruv ðə əˈbəv, hir ɪz ɔl ðə ˈɛvədəns ju nid frəm tˈwɪtər ˈjuzər næt ʃup: ɔn ðə lɛft, ˈdɛməˌkræt ˈrɑbərt bərd ɪn hɪz ˈkeɪˈkeɪˈkeɪ ˈgɑrmənts, ɔn ðə raɪt, ˈrɑbərt bərd ˈkɪsɪŋ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən. næt ʃup (@natshupe*) ˌʤuˈlaɪ 20 2015 ***ˈvɪzɪt ɑr nu fri spiʧ kəmˈjunɪti bɪlt ɪkˈsklusɪvli fər ɑr ˈridərz. klɪk tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk ɪf ˈɛniˌwən ɪn ðɪs ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl reɪs ɪz ə səˈpɔrtər əv ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz huz soʊl ˈpərpəs ɪz tɪ dɪˈvaɪd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl θru reɪs wɔrz, ˈhɪləri. ˈkərtəsi əv
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hillary clinton would like people to think that if you are reading this you are considered “alt-right,” and thus associate with the ku klux klan and other racially divisive groups. she made this point very clear in a speech in reno, nevada this week. you, and the other 50 million americans who refuse to support her candidacy, if you show any signs of supporting donald trump’s policies, are nothing short of a white supremacist.
clinton doubled down on this sentiment with her latest trump attack ad which likens all trump supporters to racists:
but if you know hillary clinton, then you know that every single word coming out of her mouth is designed to obfuscate facts and demonize anyone who might stand in her way of being elected to the highest office of the land.
according to joe wayne at the anticointelpro show this is very much the case in her latest attack ad (above), which reportedly uses no actual klan members, but rather, paid actors masquerading as trump supporting racists..
make no bones about it… i am going to let these videos run and you be the judge… i have a high degree of certainty that you will come to the same conclusion that i have… where there is smoke there has to be fire… and there is a wildfire at the feet of hillary rotten clinton…
and while clinton hammers trump because he didn’t immediately disavow the support of kkk grand wizard david duke, perhaps the most telling aspect of this story is that it is actually hillary clinton who hob-knobs with racists, as evidenced by her comments about the late senator robert byrd:
“today our country has lost a true american original, my friend and mentor robert c. byrd… senator byrd was a man of surpassing eloquence and nobility… robert c. byrd led by the power of his example, and he made all of us who had the honor of serving as his colleagues better public servants and better citizens. “
as it turns out, byrd is a confirmed member of the ku klux klan:
when byrd was 24-years-old, he joined the klan because he was worried that during world war ii, he might have to fight alongside “race mongrels, a throwback to the blackest specimen from the wilds.” bryd wrote those words in 1944 to sen. theodore bilbo, a staunch segregationist
of course you’ll never see this report carried by abcnbccbscnn, but that doesn’t make it any less true.
and just to prove the above, here is all the evidence you need from twitter user nat shupe:
on the left, democrat robert byrd in his kkk garments, on the right, robert byrd kissing hillary clinton. pic.twitter.com/pqejr7yz6h — nat shupe (@natshupe) july 20, 2015 ***visit our new free speech community built exclusively for our readers. click to join the deplorables network today!***
if anyone in this presidential race is a supporter of organizations whose sole purpose is to divide the american people through race wars, it’s hillary.
courtesy of shtfplan.com
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ɛz ðə sən əv ə ˈhɔləˌkɔst sərˈvaɪvər, aɪ hæv noʊ ˈtɑlərəns fər #ˈreɪˌsɪzəm. ʤɪst bɪˈkəz aɪ səˈpɔrt @realdonaldtrump…*… ˈæftər ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp ˈæŋgrəli dɪˈfɛndɪd waɪt suˈprɛməsɪsts ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, trəmps ˈpərsɪnəl ˈlɔjər, ˈmaɪkəl koʊən, ə kəˈlɑʒ əv wɪθ hɪz blæk frɛndz ɪn ə bɪd tɪ ʃoʊ hiz nɑt ˈreɪsɪst. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz' ˈmæˌgi ˈheɪbərmən ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ˈmeɪˌkəp ˈɑrtɪsts ənd ˈmɔrnɪŋ ʃoʊ kru ˈmɛmbərz wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɪkʧərd. əˈməŋ ðoʊz ˈpɪkʧərd wɪθ koʊən wər trəmp ædˈvaɪzər manigault-newman*, ənd ˈɔnˌlaɪn kəˈmidiənz ənd trəmp səˈpɔrtərz ˈdaɪmənd ənd sɪlk. koʊən toʊld nuz ðə ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ər "nɑt ˈrændəm ˈpipəl," ənd ðət ðeɪ "ɔl noʊ mi fər ə waɪl ənd kɔl mi ə frɛnd." hi sɛd hi hæd bɪn rɪˈsivɪŋ "hɔˈrɪfɪk ˈkɑmɛnts" ɔl ˈmɔrnɪŋ "əˈbaʊt biɪŋ anti-black*, ˈreɪsɪst ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. fər səˈpɔrtɪŋ trəmp. ɪts ʤɪst rɔŋ!" koʊən sɛd hi ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz tɪ rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ðiz ˈkɑmɛnts frəm dɪˈtræktərz. "trəmp ɪz nɑt ə ˈreɪsɪst ənd ˈniðər æm aɪ," hi sɛd. "ðə əˈtæks əˈgɛnst ɪm ənd ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs hu səˈpɔrt ɪm ər dɪsˈgəstɪŋ, dɪsˈgreɪsfəl ənd ˈhərtfəl. aɪ ɛmˈfætɪkəli dɪˈnaʊns waɪt səˈprɛməsi, waɪt ˈnæʃənəˌlɪzəm, ˈnɑtsi bɪˈlifs ənd ˈheɪtrəd əv ˈɛniˌwən beɪst ɔn reɪs, rɪˈlɪʤən, krid, ˈkələr ər ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən."
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as the son of a holocaust survivor, i have no tolerance for #racism. just because i support @potus @realdonaldtrump… https://t.co/9oyclgf9wz
after president trump angrily defended white supremacists on tuesday, trump's personal lawyer, michael cohen, tweeted a collage of pics with his black friends in a bid to show he's not racist.
according to the new york times' maggie haberman , cnn makeup artists and morning show crew members were also pictured.
among those pictured with cohen were trump adviser omarosa manigault-newman, and online comedians and trump supporters diamond and silk.
cohen told buzzfeed news the people in the photos are "not random people," and that they "all know me for a while and call me a friend."
he said he had been receiving "horrific comments" all morning "about being anti-black, racist etc. for supporting trump. it's just wrong!"
cohen said he tweeted the photos to respond to these comments from detractors.
"trump is not a racist and neither am i," he said. "the attacks against him and all of us who support him are disgusting, disgraceful and hurtful. i emphatically denounce white supremacy, white nationalism, nazi beliefs and hatred of anyone based on race, religion, creed, color or sexual orientation."
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ɛt həz ən ɪkˈsklusɪv lʊk æt səm ˈsæmpəlz frəm ˈrɛbəl ˈwɪlsənz kəˈlɛkʃən fər ˈtɔrəd! nuz: ˈrɛbəl ˈwɪlsən spɛnt 5 wiks ˈtreɪnɪŋ fər ðət sin ɪn pɪʧ ˈpərˌfɪkt 2 "hər teɪst ˈlɛvəl ənd hər əˈproʊʧ tɪ ðɪs ɪz soʊ rɪˈfrɛʃɪŋ ʤɪst laɪk hər ˌpərsəˈnælɪti, soʊ wiv hæd ə greɪt taɪm wɪθ hər," ˈtɔrəd ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈlisə ˈhɑrpər sɛd. "ɪts ˈrɛbəlz ˈsteɪtmənt. ɪts ˈrɛbəlz dɪˈzaɪnz. ɪts ˈrɛbəlz kəˈlɛkʃən, ənd ɪts fər ə gərl ʤɪst laɪk hər." ˈrɛbəl, noʊn fər hər ˈbreɪˌkaʊt roʊlz ɪn ˈbraɪdzˌmeɪdz ənd pɪʧ ˈpərˌfɪkt, həz bɪn ə fæn əv ˈsɛksi, ˈɛʤi ˈfæʃən ənd ðə ˈpɛrɪŋ simz tɪ bi ə mæʧ meɪd ɪn ˈhɛvən. əv ˈprɑdəkt ənd dɪˈzaɪn, lɪz ˈmunjoʊz, ˈɔlsoʊ preɪzd ˈrɛbəl fər hər ˌɪnˌdɪvɪʤuˈælɪti. wɔʧ: 'pɪʧ ˈpərˌfɪkt 3 ˈænə kæmp ənd ˈbrɪtəni snoʊ ˈɑrənt soʊ ʃʊr "wəts ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈrɛbəl ɪz ðət ʃi həz ðiz tu saɪdz," ˈmunjoʊz sɛd. "ʃi həz ðɪs gɪt drɛst əp saɪd ənd ðɪs ˈfəŋki, kul, ˌɪˈrɛvərənt, ˈkæʒəwəl saɪd ənd wəts greɪt əˈbaʊt greɪt əˈbaʊt ðɪs kəˈlɛkʃən ɪz ðət ɪz sɔrt əv spænz boʊθ ˈɛriəz əv hər laɪf." ðɪs ˈsəmər ˈtɔrəd, əˈmɛrɪkəz ˈfæʃən brænd, ɪz ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ə nu brænd æmˈbæsədər. ˈkæstɪŋ fər ðə ˈtɔrəd 2016 ˈmɑdəl sərʧ kɪks ɔf ʤun 1 æt torrid.com*, ənd ðɛr wɪl bi lɪv ˈkæstɪŋ ɪˈvɛnts ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə, ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs, ˈdæləs ənd lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs. fɔr ˈfaɪnəlɪsts wɪl bi floʊn tɪ l.a*. ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz fər ðɛr ʧæns tɪ wɪn. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈgæləri
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et has an exclusive look at some samples from rebel wilson's collection for torrid!
news: rebel wilson spent 5 weeks training for that pants-splitting scene in pitch perfect 2
"her taste level and her approach to this is so refreshing just like her personality, so we've had a great time with her," torrid ceo lisa harper said. "it's rebel's statement. it's rebel's designs. it's rebel's collection, and it's for a girl just like her."
rebel, known for her breakout roles in bridesmaids and pitch perfect, has been a fan of torrid's sexy, edgy fashion and the pairing seems to be a match made in heaven.
torrid's svp of product and design, liz munoz, also praised rebel for her individuality.
watch: 'pitch perfect 3'? anna camp and brittany snow aren't so sure
"what's interesting about rebel is that she has these two sides," munoz said. "she has this glamourous get dressed up side and this funky, cool, irreverent, casual side and what's great about great about this collection is that is sort of spans both areas of her life."
this summer torrid, america's fastest-growing plus-size fashion brand, is searching for a new brand ambassador. casting for the torrid 2016 model search kicks off june 1 at torrid.com, and there will be live casting events in philadelphia, chicago, minneapolis, dallas and los angeles. four finalists will be flown to torrid's l.a. headquarters for their chance to win.
related gallery
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ˈbɔlɪˌwʊd ˈæktər kuˈmɑr təˈdeɪ sɛd ðət ˈgəvərnmənt ʃʊd sɛt əp ˈmoʊbəl ˈtɔɪləts ˈɛvəri faɪv ˈhənərd ˈmitərz ər æt list wən əˈkrɔs ˌmɑhərˈɑʃˌtrə.: ˌmɑhərˈɑʃˌtrə ʧif ˈmɪnɪstər, steɪt ˈrɛvəˌnu ənd ˈmɪnɪstər ənd ˈbɔlɪˌwʊd ˈæktər kuˈmɑr ˈæftər ˌɪˌnɔgjəˈreɪʃən əv ˈneɪʃənz ˈsɛkənd ˈtɔlɪst flæg ɔn ðə əˈkeɪʒən əv ˌmɑhərˈɑʃˌtrə deɪ ɪn ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ. ˈspikɪŋ æt `ˈtrænsfɔrm maharashtra’*’ ɪˈvɛnt, hi sɛd, ʃʊd plæn (ˈpʊtɪŋ əp) ˈmoʊbəl ˈtɔɪləts ˈɛvəri 500 ˈmitərz ər wən əˈkrɔs ðə steɪt. ɪt wɪl səˈpɔrt ˈklɛnlinɪs. ɪt ʃʊd bi səˈpɔrtɪd wɪθ ən æp tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ɪt (ðə ˈnɪrəst ˈmoʊbəl toilet).”*).” ˈwɪmən ɪn ˈrʊrəl ˈɛriəz feɪs ə lɔt əv ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ɛz ðɛr ər ˈhɑrdli ˈɛni ˈpəblɪk ˈtɔɪləts ɪn ˈvɪlɪʤɪz, ðə ˈæktər sɛd. kuˈmɑr ənd ˌmɑhərˈɑʃˌtrə æt ˈtrænsfɔrm ˌmɑhərˈɑʃˌtrə ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv ˌɛksəˈbɪʃən ɪn ˌmʊmˈbaɪ ɔn meɪ 1 , huz ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ fɪlm, ˈtɔɪlət ˈiˈkeɪ prɛm ˈkæθə, dilz wɪθ ðə ˈɪʃu əv læk əv ˈtɔɪləts, ˈsaɪtɪd ə ˈdaɪəˌlɔg frəm ðə fɪlm: paas*, mi (ɪf ju wɔnt ðə waɪf tɪ steɪ wɪθ ju, ɪnˈʃʊr ju hæv ˈtɔɪlət æt home).”*).” ʧif ˈmɪnɪstər wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈprɛzənt æt ðə ɪˈvɛnt. ˈfɑloʊ fər mɔr fərst ˈpəblɪʃt: meɪ 02 2017
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bollywood actor akshay kumar today said that government should set up mobile toilets every five hundred metres or at least one km across maharashtra.
kolhapur: maharashtra chief minister devendra fadnavis, state revenue and pwd minister chandrakant patil and bollywood actor akshay kumar after inauguration of nation's second tallest flag on the occasion of maharashtra day in kolhapur on monday. ( pti )
speaking at `transform maharashtra’ event, he said, “government should plan (putting up) mobile toilets every 500 meters or one km across the state. it will support cleanliness. it should be supported with an app to locate it (the nearest mobile toilet).”
women in rural areas face a lot of difficulties as there are hardly any public toilets in villages, the actor said.
akshay kumar and maharashtra cm devendra fadnavis at transform maharashtra innovative exhibition in mumbai on may 1. ( ians )
akshay, whose upcoming film, toilet ek prem katha, deals with the issue of lack of toilets, cited a dialogue from the film: “agar biwi chahiye paas, toh ghar me chahiye sandaas (if you want the wife to stay with you, ensure you have toilet at home).”
chief minister devendra fadnavis was also present at the event.
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first published: may 02, 2017 08:20 ist
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waɪl ˈsaɪəntɪsts hæv soʊ fɑr səkˈsɛsfəli prɪˈdɪktɪd iʧ ˈsɪŋˌkhoʊl, ðə kən ˈoʊpən wɪθ əˈstɑnɪʃɪŋ spid. ɔn dɛk. 4 ɛz mɪz. wɔʧt ðə dɑrk spɑt ɔn hər skrin ɪkˈspænd, ˈwɪtnəsɪz bɪˈgæn ˈkɔlɪŋ ən ˈimərʤənsi ˈnəmbər fər rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ. ðeɪ hæd hərd ə laʊd nɔɪz. ɛz ðə pəˈlis ˈkɔrdənd ɔf ðə ˈɛriə ðət deɪ, dərt ənd snoʊ ˈtəmbəld ɪn. ˌbiˈfɔr nun, ðə ˈsɪŋˌkhoʊl wɑz 25 jɑrdz əˈkrɔs. ˈprɑbləmz hæv bɪn treɪst tɪ ɑkˈtoʊbər 2006 wɪn ə ˈfrɛʃˌwɔtər spərɪŋ bɪˈgæn floʊɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə maɪn, wɛr ˈpɑˌtæʃ ˈfərtəˌlaɪzər ɪz ɛkˈstræktɪd frəm sɔlt laɪɪŋ 720 tɪ fit bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈsərfəs. ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət ðə wɔlz ənd ˈpɪlərz əv sɔlt ðət ˈmaɪnərz hæd lɛft tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ˈsilɪŋz əv juʤ ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ˈkævərnz bɪˈgæn tɪ dɪˈzɑlv. ˈpʊtɪŋ ə ˈʃʊgər kjub ɪn ə kəp əv tea,”*,” mɪˈkeɪl ə. permyakov*, ðə ʧif lænd ˈsərˌveɪər fər, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ðət oʊnz ðə maɪn, sɛd ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju. ɪz wət ˈhæpənd ˈəndər berezniki.”*.” ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz fərst traɪd tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðə səˈpɔrts baɪ ˈpəmpɪŋ ɪn ˌsɔltˈwɑtər, ˌɪnˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ reɪz ðə səˈlɪnəˌti əv ðə ˈflədˌwɔtər tɪ ðə ˌsæʧərˈeɪʃən pɔɪnt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈstrəkʧər kəˈlæpst, bət ðət dɪd nɑt wərk. ˈæftər ðət, ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈgəvərnmənt əˈdɑptəd ðə ˈpɑləsi ɪn ˈifɛkt təˈdeɪ, əv ˈkɛrfəl ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən ənd ˈərli ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ʤiˈɑləʤɪsts, ˌsərˌveɪərz ənd ˈimərʤənsi ˌpərsəˈnɛl juz ə ˈpænɑpli əv ˈmɑnətərz. ðiz ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈvɪdioʊ sərˈveɪləns ˈsɪstəm, ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈsɛnsərz, ˈrɛgjələr ˈsərˌveɪz ənd ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈmɑnətərɪŋ əv ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ˈæltəˌtud əv rufs, ˈsaɪdˌwɔks ənd strits. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ wɪl faɪt ðə hoʊlz wɪθ science,”*,” ðə meɪər, ˈsɛrˌgeɪ pi. dyakov*, sɛd ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju. ðə ˈsɪti wɪl nɑt nid tɪ ˌriˈloʊkeɪt, hi sɛd, bɪˈkəz ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz bɪˈliv ðət noʊ nu hoʊlz wɪl ˈoʊpən. məʧ əv ðə maɪn wɑz fɪld ˌbiˈfɔr ðə fləd, hi sɛd, ənd ðə əˈkərd ɪn ən əˈnɑmələs ˈɛriə ðət hæd nɑt bɪn fɪld ɪn. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri bət ˈfɛdərəl əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ˈkəmpəˌni ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz ər dəˈbeɪtɪŋ ˈwɛðər tɪ ˌriˈloʊkeɪt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈsɪti tɪ ðə ˈɑpəzɪt bæŋk əv ðə ˈkɑmə ˈrɪvər, wɛr ðə ˈbɛˌdrɑk ɪz ˈsɑləd. ðə ˈlɑrʤəst hoʊl ˈoʊpənd ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2007 ˈɛkspərts æt seɪ ɪt meɪ bi ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈmænˈmeɪd ˈsɪŋˌkhoʊl ɪn ðə wərld. ˈrɛzɪdənts, hu hæv ˈgɪvɪn ɔl ðə hoʊlz ˈnɪkˌneɪmz, kɔl ɪt grandfather.”*.” ˈnuzˌlɛtər saɪn əp kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri pliz ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ jʊr nɑt ə ˈroʊˌbət baɪ ˈklɪkɪŋ ðə bɑks. ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs. pliz re-enter*. ju məst səˈlɛkt ə ˈnuzˌlɛtər tɪ səbˈskraɪb tɪ. saɪn əp ju wɪl rɪˈsiv iˈmeɪlz kənˈteɪnɪŋ nuz ˈkɑntɛnt ˈəpˌdeɪts ənd pərˈmoʊʃənz frəm ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz. ju meɪ æt ˈɛni taɪm. ju əˈgri tɪ rɪˈsiv ɔˈkeɪʒənəl ˈəpˌdeɪts ənd ˈspɛʃəl ˈɔfərz fər ðə nu jɔrk ˈtaɪmzɪz ˈprɑdəkts ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz. θæŋk ju fər səbˈskraɪbɪŋ. ən ˈɛrər həz əˈkərd. pliz traɪ əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər. vju ɔl nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈnuzˌlɛtərz. ðə mjuˈnɪsəpəl əˈθɔrətiz wər kəmˈpɛld tɪ ɪˈvækjəˌeɪt əˈbaʊt ˈpipəl frəm ˈnɪrˈbaɪ əˈpɑrtmənt blɑks, æt greɪt ɪkˈspɛns. ðə ˈgrænˌfɑðər ɪz naʊ 340 jɑrdz waɪd ənd 430 jɑrdz lɔŋ, ənd ɪt ˈplənʤɪz raɪt tɪ ðə sɔlt ˈstrætə ˌəndərˈniθ ðə ˈsɪti 780 fit, ər ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv 50 ˈstɔriz, streɪt daʊn. ɪt ˈpɑrtli dɪˈstrɔɪd ə ˈwɛˌrhaʊs nɪr ɪts ɛʤ. ðə nɛkst hoʊl əˈpɪrd ɔn ə snoʊi naɪt ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 2010 ˌəndərˈniθ ə ˈreɪˌlroʊd ˈsaɪdɪŋ. ɛz dərt ˈfənəld ɪn, ðə ˈreɪˌlroʊd træks rɪˈmeɪnd səˈspɛndɪd ˈoʊvər ðə əˈbɪs fər ə taɪm. ðɛn ə ˈbɑkˌskɑr ˈtəmbəld ɪn. ðət hoʊl bɪˈkeɪm noʊn ɛz jəŋ one.”*.” ɪt səkt ɪn ə roʊ əv ˈstɔrɪʤ ʃɛdz ənd ə pɑrkt ˈpæsənʤər kɑr. ər əˈfreɪd bət noʊ wət tɪ do,”*,” tɑˈtjɑnɑ shishkina*, ə ˈsɪti ˈrɛzɪdənt, sɛd ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju ɪn hər ˈlɪvɪŋ rum, wɛr ðə ˈsilɪŋ ɪz krækt ənd əˈpɪrz ˈrɛdi tɪ keɪv ɪn. əˈbaʊt 60 əˈpɑrtmənt blɑks, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðɪs wən, ər soʊ ˈbædli ˈdæmɪʤd frəm səbˈsaɪdəns ðət ðeɪ wɪl hæv tɪ bi əˈbændənd, ˈivɪn ðoʊ noʊ hoʊlz hæv əˈpɪrd ˈnɪrˈbaɪ. meɪər sɪz wən θɪŋ, ˈpipəl seɪ əˈnəðər. wi ər confused.”*.” ə ˈgəvərnmənt kəˈmɪʃən ɪn 2008 klɪrd ˈmɪstər., ðə ˈfərtəˌlaɪzər taɪˈkun, əv ˈrɔŋduɪŋ, ˈbleɪmɪŋ pæst ənˈseɪf ˈpræktɪsɪz fər ðə. bət ə ˈsinjər əˈfɪʃəl kloʊz tɪ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər vˈlædəmɪr vi. ˈputɪn həz sɛd ðət ənd ˈmɪstər. bɛr səm riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈmɪstər., huz ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈrɛzɪdəns ɪz ɪn ˈmɑnəˌkoʊ soʊld ðə maɪn ˈæftər ðə ˈgrænˌfɑðər ˈoʊpənd. ðə əˈθɔrətiz ər lɛft traɪɪŋ tɪ suð nərvz. ˈwəri əˈbaʊt ðɪs ɔl ðə time?”*?” ɛn. verbitskaya*, ðə prɛs eɪd, sɛd ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju. wɪl spɔɪl jʊr mood.”*.” ˈkrɪtɪks teɪk ɪkˈsɛpʃən tɪ ðə ˈwəri, bi happy”*” əˈproʊʧ. ˈvæləri vi., ðə ˈɛdɪtər əv ən ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈnuzˌpeɪpər kɔld gəˈzɛtə, sɪz ðə mjuˈnɪsəpəl ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz nɑt biɪŋ ˈfɔrθˈraɪt əˈbaʊt ðə rɪsks. mɔˈroʊvər, hi sɪz ðət ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈgəvərnmənt həz muvd səm ˈrɛzɪdənts tɪ nu ˈbɪldɪŋz kənˈstrəktɪd ɔn tɔp əv ðə ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri əv ðə oʊld ˈguˌlɑg wɪˈθaʊt ˈmuvɪŋ ðə boʊnz ənd ðət ɪt ɪz nɑt peɪɪŋ fɛr ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən fər kənˈdɛmd əˈpɑrtmənts. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri maɪ vju, wi nid tɪ muv ðə ɪnˈtaɪər town,”*,” hi sɛd. haʊs həz cracks.”*.” bət ˈmɪstər. həz bɪn ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd ɪn hɪz ˈɛfərts tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ɪn 2009 hi ˈgæðərd 800 ˈsɪgnəʧərz fər ə ˈpəblɪk ˈhirɪŋ ɔn kræks ɪn ˈbɪldɪŋz, bət ðə deɪ hi wɑz tɪ səbˈmɪt ðə ˈsɪgnəʧərz tɪ ðə ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsəl, ðə pəˈlis kɔld ɪm ɪn fər kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ɔn ən ˌənrɪˈleɪtɪd ˈpriˌtɛkst. ˈsɛnsəs ˈdætə, ðoʊ, ʃoʊz ðət əˈbaʊt ˈpipəl ˈvoʊtɪd wɪθ ðɛr fit, ˈlivɪŋ ðə taʊn bɪtˈwin 2005 ənd 2010 ðoʊz hu rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ər ɔn ðə wɔʧ fər hoʊlz. ənd ɪts neɪm həz ʃoʊn əp ɔn wɛb saɪts ðət ər ə bloʊ tɪ ˈsɪvɪk praɪd, laɪk ˈlɑrʤəst: ˈdɔrˌweɪz tɪ hell.”*.” ɪn wən ˈdɪstrɪkt əv əˈbændənd hoʊmz, ðə wɔlz wɪθ moʊld ənd ðə ˈwɪndoʊz ˈʃætərd, oʊld flaɪərz ər stɪl ˈpeɪstɪd tɪ ˌbiˈsaɪd ðə dɔrz. movers,”*,” sɪz wən. muv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ frəm ə piˈænə tɪ ə seɪf, əˈsɛmbəl ənd ˌdɪsəˈsɛmbəl ˈfərnɪʧər. ɑr ˈmuvərz ər ˈɔlˌweɪz sober.”*.”
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while scientists have so far successfully predicted each sinkhole, the chasms can open with astonishing speed. on dec. 4, as ms. chekhova watched the dark spot on her screen expand, witnesses began calling an emergency number for reporting sinkholes. they had heard a loud swooshing noise.
as the police cordoned off the area that day, dirt and snow tumbled in. before noon, the sinkhole was 25 yards across.
berezniki’s problems have been traced to october 2006, when a freshwater spring began flowing into the mine, where potash fertilizer is extracted from salt lying 720 to 1,500 feet below the surface. the problem is that the walls and pillars of salt that miners had left to support the ceilings of huge underground caverns began to dissolve.
“imagine putting a sugar cube in a cup of tea,” mikhail a. permyakov, the chief land surveyor for uralkali, the company that owns the mine, said in an interview. “that is what happened under berezniki.”
mining engineers first tried to maintain the supports by pumping in saltwater, intending to raise the salinity of the floodwater to the saturation point before the structure collapsed, but that did not work.
after that, the local government adopted the policy in effect today, of careful observation and early warning: geologists, surveyors and emergency personnel use a panoply of high-technology monitors. these include the video surveillance system, seismic sensors, regular surveys and satellite monitoring of the changes in altitude of roofs, sidewalks and streets.
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“we will fight the holes with science,” the mayor, sergei p. dyakov, said in an interview. the city will not need to relocate, he said, because engineers believe that no new holes will open. much of the mine was filled before the flood, he said, and the sinkholes occurred in an anomalous area that had not been filled in.
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but federal officials and company executives are debating whether to relocate the entire city to the opposite bank of the kama river, where the bedrock is solid.
the largest hole opened in july 2007. experts at uralkali say it may be the largest manmade sinkhole in the world. residents, who have given all the holes nicknames, call it “the grandfather.”
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the municipal authorities were compelled to evacuate about 2,000 people from nearby apartment blocks, at great expense. the grandfather is now 340 yards wide and 430 yards long, and it plunges right to the salt strata underneath the city — 780 feet, or the equivalent of 50 stories, straight down. it partly destroyed a warehouse near its edge.
the next hole appeared on a snowy night in november 2010, underneath a railroad siding. as dirt funneled in, the railroad tracks remained suspended over the abyss for a time. then a boxcar tumbled in. that hole became known as “the young one.” it sucked in a row of storage sheds and a parked moskvich passenger car.
“we are afraid but don’t know what to do,” tatyana shishkina, a city resident, said in an interview in her living room, where the ceiling is cracked and appears ready to cave in. about 60 apartment blocks, including this one, are so badly damaged from subsidence that they will have to be abandoned, even though no holes have appeared nearby. “the mayor says one thing, people say another. we are confused.”
a government commission in 2008 cleared mr. rybolovlev, the fertilizer tycoon, of wrongdoing, blaming past unsafe practices for the sinkholes.
but a senior official close to prime minister vladimir v. putin has said that uralkali and mr. rybolovlev bear some responsibility, even though mr. rybolovlev, whose principal residence is in monaco , sold the mine after the grandfather opened.
the authorities are left trying to soothe nerves.
“why worry about this all the time?” natalya n. verbitskaya, the mayor’s press aide, said in an interview. “you will spoil your mood.”
critics take exception to the “don’t worry, be happy” approach. valery v. kovbasyuk, the editor of an opposition online newspaper called inaya gazeta, says the municipal government is not being forthright about the risks. moreover, he says that the local government has moved some residents to new buildings constructed on top of the cemetery of the old gulag without moving the bones and that it is not paying fair compensation for condemned apartments.
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“in my view, we need to move the entire town,” he said. “every house has cracks.”
but mr. kovbasyuk has been frustrated in his efforts to change anything. in 2009, he gathered 800 signatures for a public hearing on cracks in buildings, but the day he was to submit the signatures to the city council, the police called him in for questioning on an unrelated pretext.
census data, though, shows that about 12,000 people voted with their feet, leaving the town between 2005 and 2010. those who remain in berezniki are on the watch for holes. and its name has shown up on web sites that are a blow to civic pride, like “the world’s largest sinkholes: doorways to hell.”
in one district of abandoned homes, the walls yellowed with mold and the windows shattered, old fliers are still pasted to corkboards beside the doors. “sober movers,” says one. “we move anything from a piano to a safe, assemble and disassemble furniture. our movers are always sober.”
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frəm ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd, ðə nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈvɪlɪʤ əv lʊks laɪk ˈɛni ˈəðər taʊn, ˈbraɪtli ˈpeɪnɪd ˈhaʊsɪz, skulz, ˈdeɪˌkɛr, ˈivɪn ə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. bət ɔn ˈkloʊzər ˌɪnˈspɛkʃən, ɔl ɪz nɑt ɛz ɪt simz. ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈhɛvəli ˈgɑrdɪd diˈmɪlətərˌaɪzd zoʊn (ˈdiˌɛmˌzi) ðət ˈsɛpərˌeɪts nɔrθ ənd saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə, ɪz ˈwaɪdli rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz ðə village”*” ənd ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ə dəˈkɔɪ fər ˈlʊrɪŋ saʊθ ˌkɔˈriən dɪˈfɛktərz. bɪlt ɪn ðə waɪd ˈdiˌɛmˌzi ðət wɑz sɛt əp ɪn 1953 ɛz ən ˈɑrməstəs tɪ ɛnd ðə ˌkɔˈriən wɔr, ðə taʊn kleɪmz tɪ hæv 200 ˈrɛzɪdənts ənd boʊsts ən ˈɪmɪʤ əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk səkˈsɛs. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz frəm ðə saʊθ hæv səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ɪz feɪk ənd ɪz dɪˈvɔɪd əv ˈjumən laɪf. ðə ˈbɪldɪŋz ər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈkɑnkrit ʃɛlz wɪθ noʊ glæs ɪn ðɛr ˈwɪndoʊz, ɪˈlɛktrɪk laɪts ˈɔpərˌeɪt ɔn ən ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˈtaɪmər, ənd ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpipəl ɪn saɪt ər ˈmeɪntənəns ˈwərkərz hu swip ðə strits tɪ gɪv ðə ˌɪmˈprɛʃən əv ækˈtɪvɪti. neɪmd pis ˈvɪlɪʤ baɪ nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə, ɪt həz bɪn juzd baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɛz ə ˈbætəlˌgraʊnd fər səˈprɛməsi bɪtˈwin ðə tu paʊərz. ɪn ðə 1980s*, ðə saʊθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈgəvərnmənt bɪlt ə ˈflægˌpoʊl ɪn ðə ˈɑpəzɪt ˈsɪti əv tɪ ænˈtægəˌnaɪz ðə nɔrθ. ðɪs wɑz kˈwɪkli ˈkaʊnərd baɪ nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə, wɪʧ bɪlt ə ˈflægˌpoʊl ɪn rɪˈspɑns. ɪt wɑz æt ðə taɪm ðə ˈtɔlɪst ɪn ðə wərld. ənˈtɪl 2004 ˈmæsɪv ˈlaʊdˌspikərz dɪˈlɪvərd ˌprɑpəˈgændə ˈbrɔdˌkæsts tɪ ðə saʊθ ðət preɪzd nɔrθ ˈvərʧuz ənd ərʤd dɪsˈgrənəld ˈsoʊlʤərz ənd ˈfɑrmərz tɪ wɔk əˈkrɔs ðə ˈbɔrdər. wɪn ðɪs əˈproʊʧ feɪld tɪ lʊr dɪˈfɛktərz, ðə ˈspikərz bɪˈgæn ˈblæstɪŋ 20 aʊərz ə deɪ əv ˈrɛtərɪk, ˈkɑmjənəst ˈɑprəz ənd ˌpeɪtriˈɑtɪk ˈmɑrʧɪŋ mˈjuzɪk. ɪn 2004 boʊθ ˈkəntriz əˈgrid tɪ ɛnd ðɛr ˈlaʊdˌspikər ˈbrɔdˌkæsts tɪ iʧ ˈəðər. ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ ɪz sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈkəltəˌveɪtɪd fildz, wɪθ ðə nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəli ˈkleɪmɪŋ ɪt ɪz ə kəˈlɛktɪv fɑrm fər ɪts ˈrɛzɪdənts. ˈiðər weɪ, ə lɔt əv ˈɛfərt ʤɪst tɪ kip əp əˈpɪrənsəz.
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from the outside, the north korean village of kijong-dong looks like any other town, brightly painted houses, schools, daycare, even a hospital.
but on closer inspection, all is not as it seems.
sitting in the heavily guarded demilitarized zone (dmz) that separates north and south korea, kijong-dong is widely referred to as the “propaganda village” and is believed to be a decoy for luring south korean defectors.
built in the two-and-a-half-mile wide dmz that was set up in 1953 as an armistice to end the korean war, the town claims to have 200 residents and boasts an image of economic success.
however, observations from the south have suggested that kijong-dong is fake and is devoid of human life.
the buildings are actually concrete shells with no glass in their windows, electric lights operate on an automatic timer, and the only people in sight are maintenance workers who sweep the streets to give the impression of activity.
named peace village by north korea, it has been used by the government as a battleground for supremacy between the two powers.
in the 1980s, the south korean government built a 321.5-foot-tall flagpole in the opposite city of daeseong-dong to antagonize the north. this was quickly countered by north korea, which built a 525-foot-tall flagpole in response. it was at the time the tallest in the world.
until 2004, massive loudspeakers delivered dprk propaganda broadcasts to the south that praised north korea’s virtues and urged disgruntled soldiers and farmers to walk across the border.
when this approach failed to lure defectors, the speakers began blasting 20 hours a day of anti-western rhetoric, communist operas and patriotic marching music. in 2004, both countries agreed to end their loudspeaker broadcasts to each other.
the village is surrounded by extensive cultivated fields, with the north korean government officially claiming it is a collective farm for its residents.
either way, it’s a lot of effort just to keep up appearances.
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ˈsəmˌwən tɛl mæt ˈdeɪmən tɪ weɪv ə waɪt flæg ɔˈrɛdi. ðə stɑr əv ðə "bɔrn" ˈmuviz ʤɪst ˈhæzənt bɪn æt hɪz bɛst ˈleɪtli. fərst, hi sɛd ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈrɛfjuʤi ˈkraɪsəs ɪz ə ˈrizən tɪ riˈlis hɪz fɪlm "ðə ˈmɑrʃən," əˈbaʊt ən ˈæstrəˌnɑt mərund ɔn mɑrz. ðɛn, ðə fɔrθ ˈsizən əv hɪz ˌriˈæləˌti ʃoʊ "ˈprɑʤɛkt greenlight*" prɛˈmɪrd ˈsənˌdi. ənd ɪt ˈfiʧərd ə ˈsikwəns ɪn wɪʧ hi tɔkt ˈoʊvər ə blæk prəˈdusər ɪn ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən əˈbaʊt dɪˈvərsɪti. ðə prəˈdusər ɪn kˈwɛʃən ɪz ˈɛfi braʊn, hu həz hɛlpt tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz fɪlmz səʧ ɛz "dɪr waɪt ˈpipəl" ənd "ril ˈwɪmən hæv kərvz." braʊn wɑz ˈspikɪŋ wɪθ ˈdeɪmən, ˈæflɪk ənd səm prəˈdusərz əˈbaʊt ˈfaɪndɪŋ ə dɪˈrɛktər fər ə fɪlm ˈtaɪtəld, "nɑt əˈnəðər ˈprɪti ˈwʊmən," əˈbaʊt ə waɪt mæn hu fɔlz ɪn ləv wɪθ ə blæk ˈprɑstəˌtut, huz biɪŋ əˈbjuzd baɪ ə waɪt pɪmp. braʊn fɛlt ðə bɛst ˈpipəl fər ðə ʤɑb wər dɪˈrɛktərz ˈkrɪstən brɑnˈkɑʧioʊ, hu meɪks ˈjuˌtub ˈvɪdioʊz, ənd ˈlioʊ ˈænʤəˌloʊz, ə bɔrn ɪn viˌɛtˈnɑm, sɛd ɪn ə ˈriˌkæp. braʊn sɛd ðə ˈfɔrmər wʊd wərk hɑrd tɪ əˈvɔɪd "slut-shaming*" ðə ˈkɛrɪktər əv ˈhɑrməni, ðə ˈprɑstəˌtut. bət ˈdeɪmən wɑz ˌənkənˈvɪnst, ənd ðɛr ˈfɑloʊd hɪz əˈbaʊt wɛr dɪˈvərsɪti wʊd wərk. ˈɔlsoʊ kˈwoʊtɪd ɪm seɪɪŋ ðət ˈʧuzɪŋ ə dɪˈrɛktər fər ðə fɪlm ʃʊd bi beɪst ɔn "ˈmɛrət." braʊnz frəˈstreɪʃən wɑz ˈɛvədənt ɪn ðɪs gif*. ˈɛfi braʊnz feɪs wɪn mæt ˈdeɪmən traɪd ðət ɪʃ, ðoʊ? ˌdænˈjɛl (@britnidwrites*) sɛpˈtɛmbər 14 2015 ɪts wən θɪŋ tɪ stænd əp fər dɪˈvərsɪti ɪn ə fɪlm. ɪts kwaɪt əˈnəðər fər ə waɪt mæn tɪ strɛs wɛr ɪts əˈproʊpriˌeɪt, ənd wɛr ɪts nɑt. ˈdeɪmənz ˈkɑmɛnts ˈoʊnli ˌriɪnˈfɔrs ðə ˈmæsɪv dɪˈspɛrəti ðət ɪgˈzɪsts ɪn ˈhɑliˌwʊd wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈʤɛndər ənd reɪs. ɛz ðɪs ˈstədi ˈnoʊtɪd, ˈoʊnli 28 ˈwɪmən hæv bɪn dɪˈrɛktərz ɔn ðə 700 tɔp fɪlmz riˈlist bɪtˈwin 2007 ənd 2014 ənd ˈoʊnli θri əv ðɛm wər ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən. soʊ ˈdeɪmən ʤɪst ˈɪzənt kənˈvɪnsɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs wɪn hi sɪz ðət ju ʃʊd du dɪˈvərsɪti ɪn frənt əv ðə ˈkæmərə, nɑt bɪˈhaɪnd ɪt ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ˈɛniˌweɪ. wi noʊ ˈdeɪmən ɪz ˈaʊtˈspoʊkən. hi wəns dɪd ə ˈmæstərfəl ʤɑb əv ˈʃutɪŋ daʊn ə ˈkæmərəmən hu meɪd səm rɪˈdɪkjələs rɪˈmɑrks əˈbaʊt ˈtiʧərz. ənd wi laɪkt ðə mɔr ˈrisənt ʤoʊk hi meɪd əˈbaʊt ˈdɑnəld trəmp, wɪn hi sɑrˈkæstɪkli səˈʤɛstɪd ˈbɪldɪŋ ə ˈnɔrðərn wɔl tɪ gɑrd əˈgɛnst kəˈneɪdiən "waɪt ˈwɔkərz." ˈmeɪbi ˈdeɪmən ʃʊd ʤɪst stɪk tɪ ˈpɑləˌtɪks, ənd nɑt kˈwɛsʧənz əv dɪˈvərsɪti. laɪk ˈjuˈɛs ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn tˈwɪtər ˈɔlsoʊ ɔn
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someone tell matt damon to wave a white flag already.
the star of the "bourne" movies just hasn't been at his best lately. first, he said theropean refugee crisis is a reason to release his film "the martian," about an astronaut marooned on mars.
then, the fourth season of his reality show "project greenlight" premiered sunday. and it featured a sequence in which he talked over a black producer in a conversation about diversity.
the producer in question is effie brown, who has helped to realize films such as "dear white people" and "real women have curves."
brown was speaking with damon, affleck and some producers about finding a director for a film titled, "not another pretty woman," about a white man who falls in love with a black prostitute, who's being abused by a white pimp.
brown felt the best people for the job were directors kristen brancaccio, who makes youtube videos, and leo kei angelos, a stuntman born in vietnam, flavorwire said in a recap.
brown said the former would work hard to avoid "slut-shaming" the character of harmony, the prostitute.
but damon was unconvinced, and there followed his whitesplanation about where diversity would work.
mic.com also quoted him saying that choosing a director for the film should be based on "merit."
brown's frustration was evident in this gif.
effie brown's face when matt damon tried that ish, tho? lolololol http://t.co/4elu3hp2rt pic.twitter.com/wk0tcdhirf — britni danielle (@britnidwrites) september 14, 2015
it's one thing to stand up for diversity in a film. it's quite another for a white man to stress where it's appropriate, and where it's not.
damon's comments only reinforce the massive disparity that exists in hollywood when it comes to gender and race.
as this usc study noted, only 28 women have been directors on the 700 top films released between 2007 and 2014 ... and only three of them were african-american.
so damon just isn't convincing us when he says that you should do diversity in front of the camera, not behind it — in this case, anyway.
we know damon is outspoken. he once did a masterful job of shooting down a cameraman who made some ridiculous remarks about teachers.
and we liked the more recent joke he made about donald trump, when he sarcastically suggested building a northern wall to guard against canadian "white walkers."
maybe damon should just stick to politics, and not questions of diversity.
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ðɛr ər soʊ ˈmɛni ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈnɑnsɛns taɪd tɪ ðə ˈkɑrənt hɪˈstɛriə əˈbaʊt əkˈsɛptɪŋ səm tɛn ˈθaʊzənd ˈsɪriən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ˈɪntu ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. bət wən. ənd ə bɪg wən. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ bi skɛrd ənd ˌzɛnəˈfɑbɪk, æt list əˈplaɪ səm ˈlɛvəl əv ˈlɑʤɪk. tɪ hir ðə ˈkɑrənt dəˈbeɪt, θɪŋk ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz ə hərˈmɛtɪkəli sild ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən bæg. ənd naʊ ˈlɛtɪŋ ɪn ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz frəm ə wɔr zoʊn ˈkrɔlɪŋ wɪθ ˈvaɪələnt ʤiˈhɑˌdɪsts. sɛt əˈsaɪd ðə ˌriˈæləˌti əv ðət kleɪm fər ðə ˈmoʊmənt. ər ðiz ˈrɪli ðə ˈoʊnli floʊz əv ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts? aɪ ʤɪst ðə ˈvizə ˈrɛkərd əv ˈvizəz ˈɪʃud læst jɪr baɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ðə ɪgˈzækt ˈtaɪtəl ˈvizəz ˈɪʃud baɪ ˌnæʃəˈnælɪti (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈbɔrdər ˈkrɔsɪŋ cards)“*)“. hir ər səm ˈnəmbərz fər ʤɪst læst jɪr. ˈlɪˌbiə ˈiʤɪpt naɪˈʤɪriə ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ˈpækɪˌstæn æfˈgænəˌstæn ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ ˈsɪriə ˈlɛbənən æˈlʤɪriə ˌɪˈrɑk naʊ, ðɪs ɪz nɑt ən ɪgˈzɔstɪv lɪst. ˈsɪmpli ˈʧoʊzən ə ʃɔrt səˈlɛkʃən əv ˈkəntriz wɪʧ hæv ˈvɛriəs sɔrt əv ˈneɪtɪv ˈɪsləmɪst ər ʤiˈhɑˌdɪst ˈmuvmənts. aɪ hæv nɑt ˈivɪn ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkəntriz laɪk fræns frəm wɪʧ moʊst ər ɔl ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈtækərz ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd. ə ˈdisənt ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət ɪf ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts, ˈsɪtɪzənz əv nɔrθ ˈæfrɪkɑn ənd ˈmɪdəl ˈistərn dɪˈsɛnt ər æt list ɛz ˈsəˌspɛkt ɛz ˈpipəl ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtɪŋ frəm ðiz ˈriʤənz ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ɪn ˈɛni keɪs, ɪf ˈaɪsəs wɔnts tɪ sid ʤiˈhɑˌdɪsts ˈɪntu ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, wɪʧ aɪ hæv noʊ daʊt ðeɪ du ər wɪl, ðɪs ɪz ə məʧ ˈiziər pæθ. ˈɔlsoʊ, ʤɪst soʊ klɪr, nɑt seɪɪŋ ðət ˈgrænɪŋ tu ˈmɛni ˈvizəz tɪ ˈpipəl ɪn ðiz ˈkəntriz. məʧ ˈhɑrdər tɪ gɪt ˈvizəz frəm ðiz ˈkəntriz ər ðiz ˌnæʃəˈnælɪtiz ðən ɪt wɑz ˌbiˈfɔr bət ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˈskrutəni əˈplaɪd tɪ ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli frəm ˈsɪriə, ɪz ˈvæstli mɔr ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪv ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əˈplaɪd tɪ ˈtrævəl ˈvizəz, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈpipəl frəm ðiz ˈkəntriz ˈɔlsoʊ gɪt ə lɔt əv ˈskrutəni. ˈɔlsoʊ tru ðət ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ər ɔn ə pæθ tɪ əˈvɛnʧuəl ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ʤɪst ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈɛnər ðə ˈkəntri. bət ɪn tərmz, ðə bɪg θɪŋ ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈkəntri. ənd ˈivɪn ɪf wi wɔnt tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈækʧəwəl ˈɪməgrənts, ʤɪst tɪ teɪk wən ˈkəntri æt ˈrændəm, ɪn 2014 ˈpipəl əv ɪˈʤɪpʃən dɪˈsɛnt wər ˈɪʃud ˈɪməgrənt ˈvizəz. əˈgɛn, nɑt seɪɪŋ wi ˈɪʃu ðiz ˈvizəz. maɪ pɔɪnt ɪz tɪ ˈɪləˌstreɪt wət aɪ θɪŋk ɪz ə ˈdɛmənstrəbəl ənd ˌəndɪˈnaɪəbəl pɔɪnt: ˈivɪn ɪf ju əkˈsɛpt ðə ˈprɛmɪs (wɪʧ aɪ ənd fər wɪʧ ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl ər noʊ ˈɛvədəns) ðət ðɛr ɪz ə ˈminɪŋfəl ˈlɛvəl əv ˈdeɪnʤər ɪn əkˈsɛptɪŋ ðiz ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz, ɪt ɪz səʧ ə ˈtrɪviəl ˈtrɪkəl əv ˈpipəl kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə ˈvæstli ˈlɑrʤər ˈnəmbərz əv skrind ˈpipəl frəm məˈʤɔrəti ˈməzlɪm ˈkəntriz wɪθ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ʤiˈhɑˌdɪst ˈmuvmənts, ðət ðə hoʊl ˈɑrgjəmənt ʤɪst kəˈlæpsɪz ˈəndər ðə weɪt əv ɪts oʊn ridiculousness*. əˈgɛn, ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ bi skɛrd ənd ˈpænɪki, æt list əˈplaɪ səm ˈbeɪsɪk ˈlɑʤɪk.
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there are so many levels of nonsense tied to the current hysteria about accepting some ten thousand syrian refugees into the united states. but here’s one. and a big one. if you want to be scared and xenophobic, at least apply some level of logic. to hear the current debate, you’d think the united states is a hermetically sealed immigration ziploc bag. and now letting in 10,000 refugees from a war zone crawling with violent jihadists. set aside the reality of that claim for the moment. are these really the only flows of immigration to the united states? i just the visa office’s record of non-immigrant visas issued last year by the united states.
the exact title “nonimmigrant visas issued by nationality (including border crossing cards)“. here are some numbers for just last year.
libya – 4,766
egypt – 56,456
nigeria – 141,527
saudi arabia – 142,180
pakistan – 63,948
afghanistan – 4,421
bangladesh – 35,025
syria – 12,671
lebanon – 28,983
algeria – 11,676
iraq – 33,961
now, this is not an exhaustive list. i’ve simply chosen a short selection of countries which have various sort of native islamist or jihadist movements. i have not even included european countries like france from which most or all the paris attackers originated. a decent argument that if thinking about potential terrorists, eu citizens of north african and middle eastern descent are at least as suspect as people originating from these regions themselves. in any case, if isis wants to seed jihadists into the united states, which i have no doubt they do or will, this is a much easier path.
also, just so clear, not saying that granting too many visas to people in these countries. much harder to get visas from these countries or these nationalities than it was before 9/11. but the level of scrutiny applied to refugees, particularly from syria, is vastly more intensive than anything applied to travel visas, even though people from these countries also get a lot of scrutiny.
it’s also true that refugees are on a path to eventual citizenship as opposed to just getting the ability to enter the country. but in counter-terrorism terms, the big thing is getting into the country. and even if we want to talk about actual immigrants, just to take one country at random, in 2014 6,545 people of egyptian descent were issued immigrant visas.
again, not saying we shouldn’t issue these visas. my point is to illustrate what i think is a demonstrable and undeniable point: even if you accept the premise (which i don’t and for which there is little or no evidence) that there is a meaningful level of danger in accepting these refugees, it is such a trivial trickle of people compared to the vastly larger numbers of less-aggressively screened people from majority muslim countries with significant jihadist movements, that the whole argument just collapses under the weight of its own ridiculousness.
again, if you want to be scared and panicky, at least apply some basic logic.
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ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld fərst 10 wiks ɪn office—yes*, ˈoʊnli bɪn 10 bɪn ɛmˈbrɔɪld ɪn ˈskændəl, ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi, feɪld ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ˈɛfərts, ənd ˈsɪŋkɪŋ poʊl ˈnəmbərz. nən əv ðiz ɪz mɔr ˈbæfəlɪŋ ðən ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ˈɪntu əˈtɛmpts tɪ sweɪ ðə 2016 ɪˈlɛkʃən ənd pəˈtɛnʃəl kəˈluʒən bɪtˈwin trəmp əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts ənd ˈrəʃən ˈɑpərətɪvz. əˈmɪd ən ˈɛndləs bərɑʒ əv ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz ənd nuz ˈkəvərɪʤ əraʊnd trəmp, ˈrəʃə, ənd ɪts ˈdɪziɪŋ əreɪ əv ˈmuvɪŋ pɑrts, səˈpɔrtərz si ən aʊtˈsaɪdər bɪˈsiʤd baɪ ə ˌhɪpəˈkrɪtɪkəl pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈkɔrpərət ˈmidiə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt ɔn dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ðə wən ˈlidər wɪθ ðə gəts tɪ ʃeɪk əp ðə ˈstætəs kwoʊ ənd rɪˈtərn əˈmɛrɪkə tɪ ɪts ɪˈlusɪv ˈgreɪtnəs. ɔl ðɪs ˈrəʃə tɔk ɪz ə dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt dɪˈstrækʃən ənd ən ˌɪmˈpɛdəmənt tɪ wət ˈrɪli ˈmætərz: ʤɑbz, sɪˈkjʊrəti, lɔ, ənd ˈɔrdər. ˈkrɪtɪks, ˈminˌwaɪl, hæv wɔʧt wɪθ groʊɪŋ ˈmɔrbəd gli ˈoʊvər ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ðɛr wərst səˈspɪʃənz əˈbaʊt ˈprɛzɪdənt ər ðə dəm, ˈtæktləs ðeɪ θɔt hi wɑz frəm ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ. ɔn boʊθ saɪdz, ðə tɛmˈteɪʃən tɪ ˈhəŋkər daʊn ɪn ˈpɑrtəzən ˈbəŋkərz stɑkt wɪθ waɪld teɪlz əv kənˈspɪrəsi ɪz ɔl tu ril. gʊd ˈrizən fər ðɪs ənˈrævəlɪŋ vju əv ˌriˈæləˌti: ðə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi ɪz ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri wɪrd. hɪˈstɔrɪkəli wɪrd. ənd ˈgɪvɪn ðɪs ˈwɪrdnəs, hɑrd tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt goʊɪŋ ɔn wɪˈθaʊt ˈsaʊndɪŋ laɪk ʤəmpt ʃɪp fər ˈnɑnsɛns lænd. hir ɪz maɪ ɪt wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli ɪkˈspleɪn ˈhæpənɪŋ wɪθ rɪˈgɑrdz tɪ tim trəmp ənd ˈrəʃə wɪˈθaʊt ˈdaɪvɪŋ ˈɪntu ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən, ɪgˌzæʤərˈeɪʃən, ər dot-connecting*. ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈmɛdəlɪŋ ðɪs ɪz wɛr ɪt ɔl bɪˈgɪnz. ðə juz. ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəmˈjunɪti kənˈkludɪd ɪn ə ˈpəblɪk rɪˈpɔrt riˈlist ɔn ʤæn. 6 ðət ˈɑpərətɪvz ˈwərkɪŋ fər ðə ˈrəʃən ˈgəvərnmənt əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ˈmɛdəl ɪn ðə 2016 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən. ðə ˈɛfərts, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈnæʃənəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (odni*), ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈstilɪŋ iˈmeɪlz frəm ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈnæʃənəl kəˈmɪti ˈstæfərz ənd ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən kæmˈpeɪn ˈmænɪʤər ʤɑn poʊˈdɛstə, ðɛn ˈlikɪŋ ðə iˈmeɪlz tɪ, ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt wɪθ ˈmɛsɪʤɪŋ, ənd ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ˈəðər campaigns.”*.” rɪˈpɔrt faʊnd ðət ˈrəʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt vˈlædəmɪr ˈputɪn wɑz ˈpərsənəli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd, ənd ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri goʊl wɑz tɪ hərt ˈklɪntən. trəmp meɪnˈteɪnd ðət ðə ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn hacking,”*,” ɛz ɪt kənfˈjuzɪŋli keɪm tɪ bi ɪz nɑt əˈkjuzd əv ˈlɪtərəli ˈhækɪŋ ˈvoʊtɪŋ məˈʃinz, bət ɪz ˌɪnˈstɛd əˈkjuzd əv duɪŋ θɪŋz tɪ ˈɪnfluəns əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪmpli pɑrt əv ə witch-hunt”*” ənd hi kənˈsɪstəntli ˈdaʊnˌpleɪd ˈɛfərts. wɑz ˌæbsəˈlutli noʊ ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə fækt ðət ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈtæmpərɪŋ ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər wɪθ ˈvoʊtɪŋ machines,”*,” trəmp sɛd ɪn ˈərli ˈʤænjuˌɛri, praɪər tɪ ðə riˈlis əv rɪˈpɔrt. ðə haʊs ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəˈmɪti, ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəˈmɪti, ənd ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ər ɔl ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ wət ˈhæpənd ənd hu wɑz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ dɪˈrɛktər ʤeɪmz toʊld ðə haʊs ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəˈmɪti ðət ɪts ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˌɪnˈkludz ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈɪntu taɪz bɪtˈwin trəmp əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts ənd ˈrəʃə. ðə waɪt haʊs, ˈminˌwaɪl, meɪnˈteɪnz ðət liks əv ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˈrəʃə, wɪʧ trəmp kɔld ðə story,”*,” ɛz ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt wəns pʊt ɪt. ˈbeɪsɪkli wɛr æt ɛz əv ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ˈeɪprəl 2017 səm ˈkɑnkrit ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˈɛfərts tɪ skru wɪθ ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, ə lɔt əv ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ, ənd ðə trəmp ˈɛfərts tɪ dɪˈflɛkt ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən. taɪz tɪ ˈrəʃə ˈprɛzɪdənt kəˈnɛkʃənz tɪ ˈrəʃə deɪt bæk tɪ 1987 bət ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt hɪmˈsɛlf ɪz ˈʤɛnərəli æt list wən stɛp riˈmuvd frəm moʊst əv ðə ækˈtɪvɪtiz ˈpipəl ər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt wɪn ðeɪ seɪ taɪz tɪ russia.”*.” (jɛs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ mi raɪt hir. si, ɔˈrɛdi ˈfeɪlɪŋ.) ˌhaʊˈɛvər, noʊ fjuər ðən 14 ˈpipəl ɪn ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ər ˈɪnər ˈsərkəl hæv noʊn kəˈnɛkʃənz tɪ ˈrəʃə, tɪ wən dɪˈgri ər əˈnəðər. θri ˈfɔrmər trəmp ˈmænɪʤər pɔl ˈmænəfɔrt, ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi ædˈvaɪzər ˈkɑrtər peɪʤ, ənd ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˈvaɪzər ˈmaɪkəl rɪˈzaɪnd du tɪ ˈvɛriəs ˌɪmprəˈpraɪətiz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈrəʃə ənd ɪts ˈɪntərɪsts. əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ʤɛf ˈsɛʃənz, naʊ hɛd əv ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs ənd ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˈvaɪzər ɔn kæmˈpeɪn, rɪˈkjuzd hɪmˈsɛlf frəm ɔl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈrəʃə ənd tim ɔn mɑrʧ 2 ˈæftər rɪˈpɔrts rɪˈvild ðət hi laɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈhirɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ˈrəʃən əˈfɪʃəlz praɪər tɪ ðə ˌɪˌnɔgjəˈreɪʃən. (ə ˈfɔrmər juz. ˈsɛnətər frəm ˌæləˈbæmə, ˈsɛʃənz mɛt ˈrəʃən æmˈbæsədər ˈsɛrʤi æt list twaɪs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 2016 kæmˈpeɪn ˈsizən.) ˈəðər trəmp əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts lɪŋkt tɪ ˈvɛriəs ˈrəʃən əˈfɪʃəlz ər ˈoʊlɪˌgɑrks ˌɪnˈklud: ˈsənɪnˌlɔ ˈʤɛrɪd ˈkəʃnər, sən ˈdɑnəld jr*., ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt rɛks tillerson*, ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv ˈkɑmərs ˈwɪlbər rɔs, frɛnd ənd ædˈvaɪzər ˈrɑʤər stoʊn, ˈfɔrmər kæmˈpeɪn ædˈvaɪzər j.d*. ˈgɔrdən, kæmˈpeɪn ædˈvaɪzər ˈmaɪkəl kɑˈputoʊ, ˈmænəfɔrt ˈbɪznɪs əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt rɪk geɪts, ənd trəmp əˈtərni ˈmaɪkəl koʊən. fər ə dɪˈteɪld ˈoʊvərvˌju əv haʊ ðiz trəmp əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts ər lɪŋkt tɪ ˈrəʃə, ʧɛk aʊt ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈɛksələnt explainer*. ˈtritmənt əv ˈrəʃə ənd ˈputɪn əˈmɪd hæk əv ðə ˈdiˌɛnˌsi ənd poʊˈdɛstə, ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ ðɛr ˈstoʊlən iˈmeɪlz, ənd ˈməltəpəl trəmp ædˈvaɪzərz rɪˈzaɪnɪŋ fər ˈskændəlz, trəmp meɪnˈteɪnd ə ˈfrɛndli vju əv ˈrəʃə ənd ˈputɪn, hum kɔld boʊθ ə ““really*, ˈrɪli bæd guy”*” ənd ə ““strong”*” ˈlidər. wɪn ˈputɪn preɪzd trəmp ɪn 2015 trəmp sɛd ɪt wɑz ə honor.”*.” tɪ si ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ trəmp həz sɛd əˈbaʊt ˈputɪn ənd ˈrəʃə ˈoʊvər ðə pæst fju jɪrz, ʧɛk aʊt θəroʊ wərθ ðə rɛd. trəmp həz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈspoʊkən aʊt rɪˈpitɪdli əˈgɛnst ðə nɔrθ əˈtlæntɪk ˈtriti ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən (ˈneɪtoʊ), ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈlaɪəns fɔrmd ˈæftər wərld wɔr ðət ˈgəvərnmənt əˈpoʊzɪz. ənd ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti ˈəndər trəmp ʧeɪnʤd ɪts əˈfɪʃəl ˈplætˌfɔrm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kənˈvɛnʃən ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2016 tɪ ˈwɔtər daʊn ðə stæns ɔn dɪˈfɛndɪŋ juˈkreɪn frəm ˈrəʃən əˈgrɛʃən. wɪn æst tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ hi dɪˈpɑrtɪd frəm ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəli ˈhɑrˌdlaɪn stæns ɔn ˈrəʃə, trəmp ˈsɪmpli sɪz ðət ˈbɛtər tɪ fər ðə juz. ənd ˈrəʃə tɪ wərk təˈgɛðər ðən tɪ bi ˈɛnəmiz. ðə nunz twɪst ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ əp tɪ ðɪs pɔɪnt ɪz ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, ənd ə ˈrizənəbəl ˈpərsən kən raɪt ɔf ɔl əv ðə əˈbəv ɛz ðə ˈbaɪprɑdəkt əv ə ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈmoʊgəl wɪθ ə nɑt əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈbɪznɪs taɪz ənd noʊ praɪər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈrənɪŋ fər ˈprɛzɪdənt. ˈɛnər rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ˈdɛvɪn nunz, ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə haʊs ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəˈmɪti. ˌbiˈfɔr ðə haʊs ənd ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəˈmɪtiz bɪˈgæn ðɛr ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz, trəmp əˈkjuzd ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə əv ˈhævɪŋ hɪz tapped”*” æt trəmp taʊər əˈhɛd əv ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪkˈsploʊsɪv ˌæləˈgeɪʃən əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl kərˈəpʃən. tɪ deɪt, ˈniðər ðə waɪt haʊs nɔr trəmp hɪmˈsɛlf ˈɔfərd ˈɛvədəns ðət ðɪs ɪz tru. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðeɪ kɔld ɔn ˈkɑŋgrəs tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt. sun ˈæftər trəmp əˈkjuzd ˌoʊˈbɑmə əv spaɪɪŋ ɔn ɪm, ðə haʊs ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəmˈjunɪti bɪˈgæn ɪts ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈmɛdəlɪŋ. ɔn ðə fərst deɪ əv ðə ˈhirɪŋ, mɑrʧ 20 ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ dɪˈrɛktər ʤeɪmz kənˈfərmd ðət ðə ˈbjʊroʊ wɑz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ækˈtɪvɪtiz ənd ðət ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɛni lɪŋks bɪtˈwin ðə trəmp campaign”*” ənd əˈsɛsmənt əv ˈwɛðər ˈɛni kraɪmz wər committed.”*.” tu deɪz ˈleɪtər, ɔn mɑrʧ 22 nunes—who*, rɪˈmɛmbər, ɪz ˈlidɪŋ ðə haʊs ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ðət ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəmˈjunɪti hæd kəˈlɛktəd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt juz. ˈsɪtɪzənz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə trəmp transition,”*,” pəˈtɛnʃəli ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ trəmp hɪmˈsɛlf. hi sɛd ðət ðɪs wɑz nɑt ðə ˈwaɪərˌtæp əv trəmp taʊər ðət ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈmɛnʃənd, ənd ðət hi bɪˈlivd ðə ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl sərˈveɪləns wɑz əbˈteɪnd ˈligəli bət ðət ɪt wɑz nɑt kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ˈrəʃə. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmɛnʃənd ðət ðə neɪmz əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪtɪzənz, wɪʧ ər ˈjuʒəwəli rɪˈdæktɪd frəm sərˈveɪləns əv ˈfɔrən ˈtɑrgəts, hæd bɪn ““unmasked,”*,” ˈminɪŋ ðeɪ wər ənˈsɛnsərd fər səm ˈrizən. waɪ ðeɪ wər ənˈmæskt ɪz pɑrt əv wət nunz ˈwɔntɪd tɪ faɪnd aʊt. rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv ˌɪmˈprɑpər "unmasking*" ˈjuˈɛs əˈfɪʃəlz tɛl mi ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ənˈmæsk rɛsts wɪθ ðə ənd ɪts ˈlɔjərz. kɛn (@kendilaniannbc*) mɑrʧ 31 2017 dɪˈrɛktər maɪk ˈrɑʤərz ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd ðət 20 ˈpipəl æt ðə ˈeɪʤənsi hæv ðə əˈθɔrəti tɪ ənˈmæsk. kɛn (@kendilaniannbc*) mɑrʧ 31 2017 ˈfɔrmər dɪˈrɛktər kiθ ˌælɪgˈzændər toʊld mi hi tərnd daʊn rɪkˈwɛsts frəm boʊθ bʊʃ ənd ˌoʊˈbɑmə əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ ənˈmæsk. kɛn (@kendilaniannbc*) mɑrʧ 31 2017 nunz ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd, ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə kˈwɛʃən, ðət ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əˈwɛr əv ðɪs, soʊ aɪ nid tɪ meɪk ʃʊr aɪ goʊ ˈoʊvər ðɛr ənd tɛl ðɛm wət aɪ noʊ. bɪˈkəz ɪt ˌɪnˈvɑlvz them.”*.” nunz ˈleɪtər toʊld ə ˈblumbərg rɪˈpɔrtər ðət hɪz ˈsɔrsəz dɪd nɑt wərk ɪn ðə waɪt haʊs. ˈæftər ðə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns, nunz wɛnt tɪ ðə waɪt haʊs tɪ du ʤɪst hi dɪd ɔl ðɪs wɪˈθaʊt fərst ˈbrifɪŋ ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə haʊs ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəˈmɪti. ðə sərˈveɪləns əv trəmp əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts ənd ðɛr wʊd bɪˈkəm ðə ˈɪʃu pʊʃt baɪ ðə waɪt haʊs ɛz ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. tərnz aʊt, nunz vjud ðə ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈdɑkjəmənts ɔn ðə waɪt haʊs graʊnz (ˈlaɪkli æt ðə ˈaɪzənˌhaʊər ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔfəs ˈbɪldɪŋ) ɔn ðə naɪt əv mɑrʧ 21 ənd hɪz ənˈneɪmd ˈsɔrsəz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz ənd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst, wər, ɪn fækt, waɪt haʊs ˈstæfərz. nunes’*’ ˈsɔrsəz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˌɪnˈklud ˈmaɪkəl ˈɛlɪs, ə waɪt haʊs əˈtərni hu juzd tɪ wərk wɪθ nunz ɔn ðə haʊs ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəˈmɪti, ənd ˈɛzrə, ðə ˈsinjər dɪˈrɛktər əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɔn ðə ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkaʊnsəl (nsc*), wɪʧ sərvz ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt. ˈɛlɪs ɪz ðə ˈpərsən hu rɪˈpɔrtədli mɛt wɪθ nunz., hu wɑz brɔt ɔn baɪ ˈmaɪkəl flɪn, ɪz ˈnoʊtəbəl bɪˈkəz ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˈvaɪzər h.r*. məkˈmæstər əˈtɛmptəd tɪ faɪər ɪm bət trəmp əˈlaʊ ɪt ˈæftər gɑt ðə səˈpɔrt əv ˈkəʃnər ənd ʧif ˈstrætɪʤɪst, stiv ˈbænən. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə poʊst, koʊən ɪz ðə ˈpərsən hu ˈgæðərd ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns məˈtɪriəlz, wɪʧ hi rɪˈpɔrtədli dɪˈskəst wɪθ tɔp əˈtərni ʤɑn ˈaɪzənbərg. ðɪs ɪz wɛr θɪŋz gɪt təf fər ˈjuˈɛs θiərɪsts. soʊ, ʤɪst səm əp wət wi noʊ, əˈsumɪŋ ðə rɪˈleɪtɪŋ rɪˈpɔrts ər ˈækjərət: nunz wɛnt ðə waɪt haʊs graʊnz, gɑt ˈhændɪd ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəmˈpaɪld ənd ʃɛrd baɪ waɪt haʊs əˈfɪʃəlz, hɛld ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns əˈbaʊt wət hi faʊnd aʊt wɪˈθaʊt ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə haʊs ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəˈmɪti fərst, wɛnt bæk tɪ ðə waɪt haʊs tɪ brif ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp ɔn wət ðə oʊn stæf hæd rɪˈvild tɪ ɪm, ənd rɪˈpitɪdli laɪd tɪ rɪˈpɔrtərz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈsɔrsəz əv hɪz ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. oʊ, ənd raɪt əraʊnd ðə taɪm ðət ðə taɪmz ənd poʊst ənˈveɪld nunes’*’ əˈlɛʤd ˈsɔrsəz ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ðə wɔl strit ˈʤərnəl rɪˈvild ðət flɪn wʊd ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə haʊs, ˈsɛnɪt, ənd ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ɪf hi rɪˈsivd muv ˈivɪn trəmp bɪˈlivz ˌɪmˈplaɪz gɪlt. ðɪs ɪz wɛr wi stænd ɛz əv ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. ðə haʊs ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəˈmɪti ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən həz ɔl bət ˈfɑlən əˈpɑrt ɛz ˈkrɪtɪks kɔl fər nunz tɪ ˌrɪˈkjuz hɪmˈsɛlf, ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ɪz ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ, ɛz ɪz ðə fbi’s*. wɛr ðɪs ɔl lidz nɛkst, wɛl, ʤɪst hæv tɪ wɔʧ ənd si.
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president donald trump‘s first 10 weeks in office—yes, it’s only been 10 weeks—have been embroiled in scandal, controversy, failed legislative efforts, and sinking poll numbers.
none of these is more baffling than the ongoing investigations into russia’s attempts to sway the 2016 election and potential collusion between trump associates and russian operatives.
amid an endless barrage of headlines and 24-hour news coverage around trump, russia, and its dizzying array of moving parts, trump’s supporters see an outsider commander-in-chief besieged by a hypocritical political and corporate media establishment hell-bent on destroying the one leader with the guts to shake up the status quo and return america to its elusive greatness. all this russia talk is a deliberate distraction and an impediment to what really matters: jobs, security, law, and order.
trump’s critics, meanwhile, have watched with growing morbid glee over the possibility that their worst suspicions about america’s 45th president are real—that he’s the dumb, tactless gangster-traitor they thought he was from the beginning.
on both sides, the temptation to hunker down in partisan bunkers stocked with wild tales of conspiracy is all too real.
there’s good reason for this unraveling view of reality: the trump–russia controversy is very, very weird. historically weird. and given this weirdness, it’s hard to talk about what’s going on without sounding like you’ve jumped ship for nonsense land.
here is my attempt—and it will probably fail—to explain what’s happening with regards to team trump and russia without diving into speculation, exaggeration, or willy-nilly dot-connecting.
russia’s election meddling
this is where it all begins.
the u.s. intelligence community concluded in a 25-page public report released on jan. 6 that operatives working for the russian government attempted to meddle in the 2016 presidential election. the efforts, according to the office of the director of national intelligence (odni), included stealing emails from democratic national committee staffers and hillary clinton campaign manager john podesta, then leaking the emails to wikileaks, spamming the internet with anti-clinton messaging, and engaging in other “influence campaigns.”
odni’s report found that russian president vladimir putin was personally involved, and the primary goal was to hurt clinton.
trump maintained that the focus on russia’s “election hacking,” as it confusingly came to be known—moscow is not accused of literally hacking voting machines, but is instead accused of doing things to influence american voters—was simply part of a “political witch-hunt” and he consistently downplayed russia’s efforts. “[t]here was absolutely no effect on the outcome of the election including the fact that there was no tampering whatsoever with voting machines,” trump said in early january, prior to the release of odni’s report.
the house intelligence committee, the senate intelligence committee, and the federal bureau of investigation are all investigating what happened and who was involved. fbi director james comey told the house intelligence committee that its investigation includes looking into ties between trump associates and russia.
the white house, meanwhile, maintains that leaks of classified information—not russia, which trump called “fake news”—is the “real story,” as the president once put it.
that’s basically where we’re at as of the beginning of april 2017: some concrete information about russia’s efforts to screw with the presidential election, a lot of investigating, and the trump administration’s efforts to deflect the conversation.
trump’s ties to russia
president trump’s connections to russia date back to 1987, but the president himself is generally at least one step removed from most of the activities people are talking about when they say “trump’s ties to russia.” (yes, including me right here. see, i’m already failing.) however, no fewer than 14 people in trump’s administration or inner circle have known connections to russia, to one degree or another.
three former trump advisers—campaign manager paul manafort, foreign policy adviser carter page, and national security adviser michael flynn—all resigned due to various improprieties involving russia and its interests. attorney general jeff sessions, now head of the department of justice and national security adviser on trump’s campaign, recused himself from all investigations involving russia and trump’s team on march 2 after reports revealed that he lied during his confirmation hearing about meeting with russian officials prior to the inauguration. (a former u.s. senator from alabama, sessions met russian ambassador sergey kislyak at least twice during the 2016 campaign season.) other trump associates linked to various russian officials or oligarchs include: son-in-law jared kushner, son donald jr., secretary of state rex tillerson, secretary of commerce wilbur ross, friend and adviser roger stone, former campaign adviser j.d. gordon, campaign adviser michael caputo, manafort business associate rick gates, and trump attorney michael cohen.
for a detailed overview of how these trump associates are linked to russia, check out the washington post‘s excellent explainer.
trump’s treatment of russia and putin
amid russia’s hack of the dnc and podesta, wikileaks publishing their stolen emails, and multiple trump advisers resigning for russia-related scandals, trump maintained a friendly view of russia and putin, whom he’s called both a “really, really bad guy” and a “strong” leader. when putin praised trump in 2015, trump said it was a “great honor.” to see everything trump has said about putin and russia over the past few years, check out cnn’s thorough timeline—it’s worth the read.
trump has also spoken out repeatedly against the north atlantic treaty organization (nato), an international military alliance formed after world war ii that russia’s government opposes. and the republican party under trump changed its official platform during the party’s convention in july 2016 to water down the gop’s stance on defending ukraine from russian aggression.
when asked to explain why he departed from the gop’s historically hardline stance on russia, trump simply says that it’s better to for the u.s. and russia to work together than to be enemies.
the nunes twist
everything up to this point is well-trod territory, and a reasonable person can write off all of the above as the byproduct of a longtime real estate mogul with a knot of international business ties and no prior political experience running for president.
enter rep. devin nunes, chairman of the house intelligence committee.
before the house and senate intelligence committees began their investigations, trump accused former president barack obama of having his “wires tapped” at trump tower ahead of election day—an explosive allegation of political corruption. to date, neither the white house nor trump himself offered evidence that this is true. instead, they called on congress to investigate.
soon after trump accused obama of spying on him, the house intelligence community began its investigation into russia’s election meddling. on the first day of the hearing, march 20, fbi director james comey confirmed that the bureau was investigating russia’s activities and that the investigation “includes any links between the trump campaign” and “an assessment of whether any crimes were committed.”
two days later, on march 22, nunes—who, remember, is leading the house intelligence investigation—announced that the intelligence community had “incidentally collected information about u.s. citizens involved in the trump transition,” potentially including trump himself. he said that this was not the wiretap of trump tower that the president mentioned, and that he believed the incidental surveillance was obtained legally but that it was not connected to russia. however, he also mentioned that the names of american citizens, which are usually redacted from surveillance of foreign targets, had been “unmasked,” meaning they were uncensored for some reason. why they were unmasked is part of what nunes wanted to find out.
regarding allegations of improper "unmasking" — us officials tell me the decision to unmask rests with the nsa and its lawyers. — ken dilanian (@kendilaniannbc) march 31, 2017
nsa director mike rogers testified that 20 people at the agency have the authority to unmask. — ken dilanian (@kendilaniannbc) march 31, 2017
former nsa director keith alexander told me he turned down requests from both bush and obama officials to unmask. — ken dilanian (@kendilaniannbc) march 31, 2017
nunes also said, in response to a reporter’s question, that “the administration isn’t aware of this, so i need to make sure i go over there and tell them what i know. because it involves them.” nunes later told a bloomberg reporter that his sources did not work in the white house.
after the press conference, nunes went to the white house to do just that—and he did all this without first briefing other members of the house intelligence committee. the surveillance of trump associates and their unmasking would become the issue pushed by the white house as the most important.
turns out, nunes viewed the classified intelligence documents on the white house grounds (likely at the eisenhower executive office building) on the night of march 21, and his unnamed sources, according to the new york times and washington post, were, in fact, white house staffers.
nunes’ sources reportedly include michael ellis, a white house attorney who used to work with nunes on the house intelligence committee, and ezra cohen-watnick, the senior director of intelligence on the national security council (nsc), which serves the president. ellis is the person who reportedly met with nunes. cohen-watnick, who was brought on by michael flynn, is notable because national security adviser h.r. mcmaster attempted to fire him but trump wouldn’t allow it after cohen-watnick got the support of kushner and trump’s chief strategist, steve bannon. according to the post, cohen is the person who gathered the intelligence materials, which he reportedly discussed with top nsc attorney john eisenberg.
this is where things get tough for us non-conspiracy theorists.
so, let’s just sum up what we know, assuming the relating reports are accurate: nunes went the white house grounds, got handed classified intelligence compiled and shared by white house officials, held a press conference about what he found out without telling members of the house intelligence committee first, went back to the white house to brief president trump on what the president’s own staff had revealed to him, and repeatedly lied to reporters about the sources of his information.
oh, and right around the time that the times and post unveiled nunes’ alleged sources on thursday, the wall street journal revealed that flynn would testify before the house, senate, and fbi if he received immunity—a move even trump believes implies guilt.
this is where we stand as of saturday. the house intelligence committee investigation has all but fallen apart as critics call for nunes to recuse himself, the senate intelligence committee’s investigation is ongoing, as is the fbi’s. where this all leads next, well, we’ll just have to watch and see.
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taɪmz ˈwɑʧˌdɔg: ɪz ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ɪts ˈpɑləsi ðɪs fɔl ˈæftər ə siˈætəl taɪmz ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən faʊnd ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈdəzənz əv ˈwɪmən hu əˈpɛrəntli ɔn ðə tim ɪn rɪˈpɔrts tɪ ðə juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən fər ˈtaɪtəl. ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən wɪl drəˈmætɪkəli ʧeɪnʤ haʊ ɪt kaʊnts ˈfiˌmeɪl pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɔn ɪts roʊɪŋ tim tɪ kəmˈplaɪ wɪθ ˈtaɪtəl lɔ, ˈæftər jɪrz əv ˈkleɪmɪŋ ˈwɪmən wər ɔn ɪts kru dɪˈspaɪt səm əv ðɛm ˈnɛvər ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ər ˈivɪn ˈstɛpɪŋ ˈɪntu ə boʊt. ðə ɪz ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ɪts ˈpɑləsi ðɪs fɔl ˈæftər ə siˈætəl taɪmz ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən faʊnd ˈdəzənz əv ˈwɪmən hu əˈpɪr tɪ hæv nɑt bɪn ɔn ðə tim bət hum ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈkaʊntɪd ɛz pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ɪn rɪˈpɔrts tɪ ðə juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən fər ˈtaɪtəl. ˌjunəˈvərsətiz məst rɪˈpɔrt haʊ ˈmɛni ˈwɪmən ənd mɛn pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn iʧ spɔrt tɪ əˈdhɪr tɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl lɔ pæst ɪn 1972 ðət rikˈwaɪərz skulz tɪ ˈɔfər ˈikwəl ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˈwɪmən ənd mɛn. ðə nu ˈpɑləsi steɪts ɪt wɪl kaʊnt ˈoʊnli ˈwɪmən hu hæv kəmˈpitɪd ɪn ə ˈkɑntɛst, ər hu hæv hæd skɪl ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz frəm ə koʊʧ ənd ˈfɪzɪkəl ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ə boʊt ər ɔn ə roʊɪŋ məˈʃin fər ə ˈpɪriəd. ɪt wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ juz ˈsɔfˌwɛr tɪ əˈfɪʃəli træk ˈdeɪli pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən. noʊ æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈpɑrtmənt əˈfɪʃəl wʊd ˈænsər kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ðə roʊɪŋ tim wən ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ðɪs pæst spərɪŋ ənd wɪl kəmˈpit ɪn ðə hɛd əv ðə ˈʧɑrəlz ɔkt. 21 ənd 22 ɪn ˈbɔstən. ɪn jɪrz pæst, ðə kleɪmd ɛz ˈmɛni ɛz 181 ˈwɪmən, kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə dɪˈskrɛpənsi ðət reɪzd kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər æθˈlɛtɪk əˈfɪʃəlz ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəli ˌɪnˈfleɪtɪd ðə ˈnəmbərz tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈtaɪtəl ˈskrutəni ənd meɪnˈteɪn ˈfɛdərəl ˈfəndɪŋ. eɪt əv ðoʊz ˈwɪmən toʊld ðə taɪmz ðeɪ ɔn ðə kru tim ənd noʊ ðə hæd ˈkaʊntɪd ðɛm ɛz ˈmɛmbərz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈstudənt ˈkæsi məkˈmæstər ˈnɛvər ˈivɪn stɛpt ˈɪntu ə boʊt bət wɑz ˈkaʊntɪd ɛz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə 2013 roʊɪŋ tim. ʃi ənd ˈəðərz wɛnt tɪ ən ˌɪnˈfɔrˌmeɪʃənəl ˈmitɪŋ ɪn ðə fɔl bət ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd roʊɪŋ fər ðɛm, jɛt ðə ˈkaʊntɪd ðɛm ɛz pɑrˈtɪsəpənts. ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˌriˈpɔrtəd saɪz əv ən dɪˈvɪʒən aɪ roʊɪŋ tim ɪz 64 ˈwɪmən, bət ðə hæd, ɔn ˈævərɪʤ, ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ðət 145 ˈwɪmən pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn roʊɪŋ iʧ jɪr frəm læst spərɪŋ, ˈspoʊksmən ˈkɑrtər ˈhɛndərsən dɪˈfɛndɪd ðə ˈnəmbərz. ðə nu weɪ əv dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ənd ˈkaʊntɪŋ ə ˈfiˌmeɪl pɑrˈtɪsəpənt ɪn roʊɪŋ sɑlv ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˈprɑbləm ənd ɪkˈspoʊzɪz ɪts bæd ˈpræktɪsɪz, sɛd ˈkrɪstən geɪlz, ə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*., ˈlɔjər hu ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪz ɪn ˈtaɪtəl ˈlɔˌsuts əˈgɛnst ˌjunəˈvərsətiz. ɪkˈspoʊzd ðeɪ wər duɪŋ ɪt rɔŋ, ənd naʊ ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ lʊk laɪk ðeɪ ər duɪŋ ˈbɛtər ðən ðeɪ are,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ðeɪ geɪv ə dɑrn əˈbaʊt ˈʤɛndər ˈɛkwəti, ðeɪ wʊd ˈtoʊtəli ˌrivˈju ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈproʊˌgræm ənd æd sports”*” laɪk ləˈkrɔs ər ˈrəgbi. ʃi sɛd wɪθ ə loʊər ˌriˈpɔrtəd pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn roʊɪŋ, ɪt wɪl bi ˈivɪn mɔr əˈpɛrənt ðət ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn spɔrts wɪl nɑt bi prəˈpɔrʃənəl tɪ ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈstudənt ɛnˈroʊlmənt, ɛz rikˈwaɪərd baɪ ˈtaɪtəl. ˈsɛvən əv ðə pæst 12 jɪrz, həz hæd ə dɪˈspɛrəti lɑrʤ ɪˈnəf ðət ɪt kʊd hæv ˈædɪd əˈnəðər ˈfiˌmeɪl spɔrt, ə taɪmz æˈnælɪsɪs faʊnd. æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈrɛktər ˈʤɛnəfər koʊən sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ðət wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈkɑnstəntli ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ɔl ˈʤɛndər ˈɛkwəti ənd ˌɪnˈkluʒən ˈpræktɪsɪz ɪn ɑr dɪˈpɑrtmənt, ənd bɪˈliv ðət ðiz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wɪl əˈlaʊ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ sɛt ə klɪr ˈstændərd fər equity.”*.” dɪˈspaɪt səm əv ɪts ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, ðə meɪ stɪl bi ˈəndər ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən bɪˈkəz əv ə ˈrisənt kəmˈpleɪnt faɪld wɪθ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈɔfəs əv ˈsɪvəl raɪts (ocr*). mɑrk ˈrɑsmɪlər faɪld ðə kəmˈpleɪnt ˈɔgəst. 12 ˈsaɪtɪŋ ðə siˈætəl taɪmz ˈstɔri ənd ˈsteɪtɪŋ ðə nɑt prəˈvaɪd ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˈwɪmən tɪ pleɪ spɔrts ɪn ˈnəmbərz səbˈstænʃəli prəˈpɔrʃənət tɪ ðɛr ɛnˈroʊlmənt ənd həz wɛnt soʊ fɑr ɛz tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ˈfrikwɛntli ˌɪnˈfleɪtɪd roʊɪŋ ˈrɑstər ˈnəmbərz tɪ ˈkəvər əp ðə ˌnɑnkəmˈplaɪəns wɪθ ˈtaɪtəl ix.”*.” ˈrɑsmɪlər, əv colfax*, ˈwɪtmən ˈkaʊnti, həz faɪld ˈθaʊzənz əv kəmˈpleɪnts əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri əˈgɛnst haɪ skulz ənd ˌjunəˈvərsətiz əˈlɛʤɪŋ ˈtaɪtəl vaɪəˈleɪʃənz. hi sɛd hi ɪz dɪsˈgəstɪd baɪ ðə ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk ˈʤɛndər dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən ɪn haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. wɪl ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt hɪz kəmˈpleɪnt tɪ dɪˈtərmən ɪf ɪt həz ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən, ɪf ɪt həz bɪn faɪld ɪn ə ˈtaɪmli ˈmænər ənd ɪf ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ər klɪr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. ɪf ˈoʊpənz ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ɪt wɪl ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪ ðə. ˈɔfən wɪl ˈɛnər ə ˌrɛzəˈluʃən əˈgrimənt wɪθ ə skul tɪ gɪv ɪt ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ fɪks ˈprɑbləmz ɪf ɪt həz ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ˈtaɪtəl.
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times watchdog: uw is changing its policy this fall after a seattle times investigation found the university included dozens of women who apparently weren’t on the team in reports to the u.s. department of education for title ix.
the university of washington will dramatically change how it counts female participation on its rowing team to comply with title ix law, after years of claiming women were on its crew despite some of them never practicing or even stepping into a boat.
the uw is changing its policy this fall after a seattle times investigation found dozens of women who appear to have not been on the team but whom the university counted as participants in reports to the u.s. department of education for title ix.
universities must report how many women and men participate in each sport to adhere to the federal law passed in 1972 that requires schools to offer equal opportunities for women and men.
the uw’s new policy states it will count only women who have competed in a contest, or who have had skill instructions from a coach and physical activity in a boat or on a rowing machine for a four-week period. it will also use software to officially track daily participation.
no uw athletic department official would answer questions about the changes.
the women’s rowing team won the ncaa national championship this past spring and will compete in the head of the charles oct. 21 and 22 in boston.
in years past, the uw claimed as many as 181 women, creating a discrepancy that raised questions about whether uw athletic officials artificially inflated the numbers to avoid title ix scrutiny and maintain federal funding.
eight of those women told the times they weren’t on the crew team and didn’t know the uw had counted them as members. for example, student cassie mcmaster never even stepped into a boat but was counted as a member of the 2013 rowing team. she and others went to an informational meeting in the fall but decided rowing wasn’t for them, yet the uw counted them as participants.
the average reported size of an ncaa division i rowing team is 64 women, but the uw had, on average, reported to the department of education that 145 women participated in rowing each year from 2010-2014.
last spring, uw spokesman carter henderson defended the numbers.
the new way of defining and counting a female participant in rowing solve the larger problem and exposes its bad practices, said kristen galles, a washington, d.c., lawyer who specializes in title ix lawsuits against universities.
“you’ve exposed they were doing it wrong, and now they want to look like they are doing better than they are,” she said. “if they gave a darn about gender equity, they would totally review the entire program and add sports” like women’s lacrosse or rugby.
she said with a lower reported participation in rowing, it will be even more apparent that the uw’s female participation in sports will not be proportional to the female student enrollment, as required by title ix.
seven of the past 12 years, uw has had a disparity large enough that it could have added another female sport, a times analysis found.
uw athletic director jennifer cohen said in a statement that “we will continue to constantly evaluate all gender equity and inclusion practices in our department, and believe that these changes will allow us to set a clear standard for equity.”
despite some of its changes, the uw may still be under examination because of a recent complaint filed with the department of education’s office of civil rights (ocr).
mark rossmiller filed the complaint aug. 12, citing the seattle times story and stating the uw “does not provide opportunities for women to play sports in numbers substantially proportionate to their enrollment and has went so far as to report frequently inflated women’s rowing roster numbers to cover up the institution’s noncompliance with title ix.”
rossmiller, of colfax, whitman county, has filed thousands of complaints across the country against high schools and universities alleging title ix violations. he said he is disgusted by the systematic gender discrimination in higher education.
ocr will evaluate his complaint to determine if it has jurisdiction, if it has been filed in a timely manner and if the allegations are clear, according to the department of education. if ocr opens an investigation, it will notify the uw.
ocr often will enter a resolution agreement with a school to give it an opportunity to fix problems if it has violated title ix.
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ˈsɛvərəl ˈridərz hæv kɔld maɪ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ə nu ˈpeɪpər ɪn wən baɪ krɪˈstin ənd ʤɪm, saɪˈkɑləʤəsts frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə æt ˈsænə ˈbɑrbərə, səˈpoʊzədli ʃoʊɪŋ ðət ˈrɛdɪŋ əˈbaʊt saɪəns ɪn ən ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl ˈstədi meɪks wən bɪˈheɪv mɔr ˈmɔrəli ənd altruistically*. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kleɪm tɪ ʃoʊ ðət ˈstədiɪŋ saɪəns ˌɪmˈpruvz jʊr ˈmɔrəl ˈʤəʤmənt (ˈrɛfərəns bɪˈloʊ; ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɪz fri.) aɪ seɪ ““supposedly”*” ənd ““claim”*” bɪˈkəz aɪ faɪnd ðə ˈpeɪpər ˈtɛrəbli kənˈvɪnsɪŋ. ðə ˈɔθərz dɪd fɔr ɪkˈspɛrəmənts, θri əv ðɛm ˈjuzɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈproʊtəˌkɔl tɪ ““prime”*” ðə ˈsəbʤɪkts wɪθ saɪəns ər wɪθ ə ““neutral”*” tæsk. ðə authors’*’ prɪˈdɪktɪd ðət ˈnoʊʃən əv saɪəns ɛz pɑrt əv ə ˈbrɔdər ˈmɔrəl ˈvɪʒən əv soʊˈsaɪɪti [i.e*., ˌɛnˈlaɪtənmənt ˈvæljuz] fəˈsɪləˌteɪts ˈmɔrəl ənd ˈʤəʤmənts ənd behaviors.”*.” ənd wət ðeɪ faʊnd, ɪn ɔl fɔr ˈstədiz. ˈbrifli dɪˈskraɪb ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənts ənd rɪˈzəlts. ˈstədi 1 ðɪs juzd 48 ˌəndərˈgræʤəwəts frəm ucsb*. ɔl əv ðɛm fərst rɛd ə ˈstɔri ɪn wɪʧ ə gaɪ draɪvz ə ˈwʊmən hoʊm, ðə ˈwʊmən ˌɪnˈvaɪts ɪm ɪn fər ə drɪŋk, ənd ðɛn hi həz sex”*” (ə ˈjufəˌmɪzəm fər ““rape”*”, aɪ gɛs) wɪθ hər. ˈæftərwərdz, ðə pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈænsərd kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ðɛr fild əv ˈstədi ənd haʊ rɔŋ ðeɪ θɔt ðə ækt wɑz (ɔn ə skeɪl frəm raɪt, tɪ rɔŋ). ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈænsərd ðə kˈwɛʃən məʧ du ju bɪˈliv ɪn science?”*?” ɔn ə skeɪl frəm 1 (nɑt æt ɔl) tɪ 7 (ˈvɛri məʧ). rɪˈzəlts: fild əv ˈstədi wɑz ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd wɪθ ˈgreɪtər ˈmɔrəl ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən wɪθ reɪp, wɪθ saɪəns ˈstudənts biɪŋ sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli (pi mɔr kənˈdɛmɪŋ ðən ˈstudənts. bɪˈlif ɪn saɪəns wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɑzətɪvli ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd wɪθ ˈmɔrəl ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən (pi ˈprɑbləmz hir ˌɪnˈklud juz əv ə smɔl pul əv ˈkɑlɪʤ ˌəndərˈgræʤəwəts, ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən ðət ʃoʊ ˌkɔˈzeɪʃən (pərˈhæps mɔr ‘‘moral’*’ ˈstudənts tɛnd tɪ ˈgrævɪˌteɪt tɪ ər ər mɔr əkˈsɛptɪŋ əv saɪəns), ənd læk əv ˌrɛplɪˈkeɪʃən, ɛz ðɪs wɑz ə ˈwəˌtaɪm ˈstədi. ˈɔlsoʊ nɑt klɪr ˈwɛðər ðə ˈstudənts wʊd ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪˈheɪv mɔr ˈmɔrəli. ˈænsərɪŋ wən kˈwɛʃən ʃoʊ ðət ju ər ˈʤɛnərəli moral”*” ðən ˈəðərz. ˈstədiz ənd 4 ðiz ˈstədiz juzd 33 ˌəndərˈgræʤəwəts, 32 ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz frəm ðə ˈɛriə, ənd 43 pɑrˈtɪsəpənts bɪtˈwin 18 ənd 22 frəm ðə pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən pool,”*,” rɪˈspɛktɪvli. ɪn ɔl θri ˈstədiz, ðə pɑrˈtɪsəpənts gɑt ə lɪst əv faɪv ˈskræmbəld wərdz frəm wɪʧ ðeɪ hæd tɪ ʧuz fɔr tɪ meɪk ə kəmˈplit ˈsɛntəns. ðə ““science”*” kənˈdɪʃən kənˈteɪnd wərdz laɪk ““logical”*”, ““hypothesis”*”, ““theory”*”, ““laboratory”*” ənd ““scientists.”*.” ðə kənˈtroʊlz hæd ə lɪst əv faɪv wərdz; ðeɪ gɪv ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl əv gɪv ˌriˈpleɪs oʊld the.”*.” ðɛr wər ðəs tu praɪmz: ə saɪəns wən ənd ə ““control”*” wən. ðɛn iʧ əv ðə θri grups wɑz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ə ˈdɪfərənt tɛst, dɪˈskraɪbd ˈəndər ““results”*” bɪˈloʊ. rɪˈzəlts, ˈstədi 2 ˈæftər ðɛr praɪm, ˈstudənts rɛd ðə seɪm sɪˈnɛrioʊ ənd meɪd ðɛr ˈmɔrəl ˈʤəʤmənt. ðə ˈsəbʤɪkts praɪmd wɪθ saɪəns wərdz wər mɔr əv reɪp (pi ˈprɑbləmz hir ˌɪnˈklud smɔl ˈsæmpəl saɪz əˈgɛn, ə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti ðət ɪz ˈbɛrli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ɪz ðə ˈlɛvəl), ənd ə ˈwəri ðət ðɪs ˈræŋkɪŋ 82 fər kənˈtroʊl praɪmz, 96 fər saɪəns praɪmz) ə gʊd ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər əv ˈmɔrəl bɪˈheɪvjər. rɪˈzəlts, ˈstədi 3 ˈstudənts, ˈæftər ˈpraɪmɪŋ, kəmˈplitɪd ə ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz measure,”*,” wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd əv ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ əv iʧ əv ˈsɛvərəl bɪˈheɪvjərz ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ mənθ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ækˈtɪvɪtiz (ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪŋ tɪ ˈʧɛrɪti, ˈgɪvɪŋ bləd, ˌvɔlənˈtɪrɪŋ, ənd ækˈtɪvɪtiz (əˈtɛndɪŋ ə ˈpɑrti, goʊɪŋ ɔn veɪˈkeɪʃən, siɪŋ ə movie).”*).” ðə ˈsəbʤɪkts praɪmd wɪθ saɪəns ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈgreɪtər ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz ˈrɛlətɪv tɪ kənˈtroʊlz (pi ˈprɑbləmz ər əˈgɛn smɔl ˈsæmpəl saɪz ənˌrɛprɪˈzɛntətɪv əv ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, ə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti ðət ɔl ðət ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv, ənd ðə ənˈsərtənti ðət rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ jʊr ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz min ˈæˌkʧuəli fʊlˈfɪl ðoʊz ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz. rɪˈzəlts, ˈstədi 4 ˈæftər ˈpraɪmɪŋ, ˈstudənts tʊk ə ˈstændərd exploitation”*” tɛst; iʧ wɑz ˈgɪvɪn faɪv bɪlz ənd toʊld tɪ dɪˈvaɪd ðə ˈməni bɪtˈwin ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd əˈnəðər əˈnɑnəməs pɑrˈtɪsəpənt (ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ðə ˈəðər ˈpərsən tɪ ˈriʤɛkt ðə dɑʃ). ˈæftər ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt wɑz ˈoʊvər, boʊθ pɑrˈtɪsəpənts gɑt 5 ˈɛniˌweɪ. ɪn ðɪs keɪs əˈloʊn ðɛr wɑz ən ˈifɛkt əv ˈʤɛndər, wɪθ ˈwɪmən ˈkipɪŋ mɔr ˈməni fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz ðən dɪd mɛn (pi bət ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈʤɛndər ɛks praɪm ˌɪnərˈækʃən, ənd ðoʊz praɪmd wɪθ saɪəns geɪv əˈweɪ sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli mɔr ˈməni ðən ðoʊz rɪˈsivɪŋ ðə kənˈtroʊl praɪm (pi ˈprɑbləmz ər əˈgɛn smɔl ˈsæmpəl saɪz, ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, ənd ə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti ðət ɪz ˈbɛrli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt (agai*, ɪz ðə ˈkəˌtɔf). noʊt ðət ɪn ðə læst θri ˈstədiz, ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ˈpipəl wər mɔr ˈmɔrəl ə wɑz nɑt ən ˈɪʃu, ɛz ðə ˈpraɪmɪŋ tɛsts wər ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd ˈrændəmli əˈməŋ pɑrˈtɪsəpənts, rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðɛr ˈɛriə əv ˈstədi. ðə ˈɔθərz kənˈklud ðət təˈgɛðər ðə ˈprɛzənt rɪˈzəlts prəˈvaɪd səˈpɔrt fər ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ðə ˈstədi əv saɪəns ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt əv ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk kənˈkluʒənz riʧt baɪ ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˌɪnkˈwaɪəriz hoʊldz ˈnɔrmətɪv ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz ənd lidz tɪ ˈmɔrəl outcomes.”*.” wɛl, ˈoʊnli ðə ˈstədi 1 hæd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ seɪ əˈbaʊt ðə əv science,”*,” ɛz ɪt wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli wən ðət ˈtɛstɪd saɪəns ˈstudənts ˈvərsəz. ˈstudənts. ““priming”*” wɪθ wərdz ɪn ðə ˈəðər θri ˈstədiz həz ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ˈstədi əv science.”*.” wət ðɪs ˈstədi ʃoʊz ɪz ˈsɪmpli ə nid fər ˈfərðər ˈstədiz, ɛz ˈsæmpəl ˈsaɪzɪz wər smɔl ənd ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌtiz ˈɔfən ˈmɑrʤənəl. bət aɪ æm ˈwɛri əv əˈsɛsɪŋ haʊ ˈmɔrəl ər ˌɔltruˈɪstɪk ˈsəmˌwən ɪz frəm ðɛr rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə ˈsɪŋgəl tɛst. ðət ˌɪtˈsɛlf wʊd nid ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən baɪ ˈkɔrəleɪtɪŋ tɛst pərˈfɔrməns wɪθ ˈmɔrəl ər ˌɔltruˈɪstɪk bɪˈheɪvjər ɪn ðə ril wərld, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət həz ˈɛvər bɪn dən, məʧ lɛs kən bi dən. ˈfərðər, tɛsts laɪk ðiz ər ɪn səˈvɪr nid əv ˌrɛplɪˈkeɪʃən. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ˈɔθərz ˈmɛnʃən ðə ˈpeɪpər əv vɑs ənd ˈskulər (fri ˈdaʊnˌloʊd æt lɪŋk) ʃoʊɪŋ ðət ˈrɛdɪŋ əˈbaʊt humans’*’ læk əv fri wɪl meɪd ðɛm mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ ʧit ɔn ə ˈsəbsəkwənt tæsk. ðət ˈpeɪpər gɑt ə lɔt əv əˈtɛnʃən. bət, ɛz ˈrɪtən əˈbaʊt ˌbiˈfɔr, ðə vɑs ənd ˈskulər ˈpeɪpər wɑz nɑt ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪtɪd ɪn ə ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈstədi baɪ roʊlf æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈrɑtərˌdæm. faʊnd noʊ ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ˈʧitɪŋ bɪˈheɪvjər ˈæftər pɑrˈtɪsəpənts rɛd ə pis ə pis baɪ ˈfrænsɪs krɪk ɔn ðə ˌɪˈlusəri ˈneɪʧər əv fri wɪl ˈvərsəz. ðoʊz hu rɛd ə ““control”*” pis baɪ krɪk. ənd ˈmɛnʃən ðə ˈfeɪljər əv ˌrɛplɪˈkeɪʃən. ənd əv kɔrs ðɛr oʊn tɛsts nid tɪ bi ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪtɪd ɔn ˈlɑrʤər ənd mɔr dɪˈvərs ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz. bɪn hɑrd ɔn ðɪs ˈstədi prɪˈsaɪsli bɪˈkəz ɪt prəˈdust ðə rɪˈzəlts laɪk tɪ si: ˈstədiɪŋ saɪəns ɪz gʊd fər jʊr bɪˈheɪvjər. ðə kəˈnɛkʃən bɪtˈwin ðə tu ɪz nɑt ɛz ˈɑbviəs tɪ mi ɛz tɪ ðə ˈɔθərz, bət ˈmeɪbi tru. bət ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz wər smɔl, ənd nɑt ʃʊr wət ðə ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz wʊd bi ˈivɪn ɪf ðə rɪˈzəlts wər ril. ɛz ˈfeɪnmən sɛd, ðə meɪn ˈpərpəs əv saɪəns ɪz tɪ kip ju frəm ˈfulɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf, soʊ wi məst bi ˈɛkstrə ˈkɔʃəs əˈbaʊt əkˈsɛptɪŋ rɪˈzəlts ðət mit ɑr prikənˈsɛpʃənz. noʊt, tu, ðət ðə ˈpeɪpər wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn wən, wɪʧ ɪz ə ˈʤərnəl ðət ˌrivˈju ˈpeɪpərz fər ˈnɑvəlti ər ˌʤɛnərˈæləti. ðə ˈʤərnəl wɪl ˈpəblɪʃ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ soʊ lɔŋ ɛz ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənts sim tɪ hæv bɪn pərˈfɔrmd ˈprɑpərli. ðɛr hæv bɪn səm gʊd ˈpeɪpərz ɪn ðət ˈʤərnəl, bət aɪ rɪˈgɑrd ɪt ˈlɑrʤli ɛz ə ˈdəmpɪŋ graʊnd fər ˈpeɪpərz ðət mit ðə mɔr ˈrɪgərəs ˈstændərdz əv ˈəðər ˈʤərnəlz. wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈprɛʃər tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ, ˈsaɪəntɪsts kən tərn tɪ ˈʤərnəlz laɪk ðɪs tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ ˈnɪrli ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, soʊ lɔŋ ɛz ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt wɑz ˈprɑpərli dɪˈzaɪnd ənd ˈprɑpərli ˈænəˌlaɪzd. nɑt seɪɪŋ ðət ðɪs ˈpeɪpər wɑz nɑt ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ, bət ɪf ðə rɪˈzəlts wər soʊ moʊˈmɛntəs waɪ dɪd ðə ˈɔθərz sɛnd ðɛm tɪ wən? /krɪˈtik , si., ənd ʤeɪ.. 2013 dɪz saɪəns meɪk ju ˈmɔrəl? ðə ˈifɛkts əv ˈpraɪmɪŋ saɪəns ɔn ˈmɔrəl ˈʤəʤmənts ənd bɪˈheɪvjər. wən
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several readers have called my attention to a new paper in plos one by christine ma-kellams and jim blascovich, psychologists from the university of california at santa barbara, supposedly showing that reading about science in an experimental study makes one behave more morally and altruistically. they also claim to show that studying science improves your moral judgment (reference below; download is free.) i say “supposedly” and “claim” because i find the paper terribly convincing.
the authors did four experiments, three of them using the same protocol to “prime” the subjects with science or with a “neutral” non-science task. the authors’ predicted that “the notion of science as part of a broader moral vision of society [i.e., enlightenment values] facilitates moral and prosocial judgments and behaviors.” and what they found, in all four studies. i’ll briefly describe the experiments and results.
study 1. this used 48 undergraduates from ucsb. all of them first read a date-rape story in which a guy drives a woman home, the woman invites him in for a drink, and then he has “nonconsensual sex” (a euphemism for “rape”, i guess) with her. afterwards, the participants answered questions about their field of study and how wrong they thought the man’s act was (on a scale from 1–completely right, to 100–completely wrong). they also answered the question “how much do you believe in science?” on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 7 (very much).
results: field of study was correlated with greater moral condemnation with rape, with science students being significantly (p = 0.01) more condemning than nonscience students. belief in science was also positively correlated with moral condemnation (p <0.001).
problems here include use of a small pool of college undergraduates, correlation that doesn’t show causation (perhaps more ‘moral’ students tend to gravitate to or are more accepting of science), and lack of replication, as this was a one-time study. also not clear whether the science-friendly students would actually behave more morally. answering one question doesn’t show that you are generally “more moral” than others.
studies 2,3, and 4. these studies used 33 undergraduates, 32 volunteers from the area, and 43 participants between 18 and 22 from the university’s “research participation pool,” respectively.
in all three studies, the participants got a list of five scrambled words from which they had to choose four to make a complete sentence. the “science” condition contained words like “logical”, “hypothesis”, “theory”, “laboratory” and “scientists.” the controls had a list of five nonscience words; they give the example of “shoes give replace old the.” there were thus two primes: a science one and a “control” one. then each of the three groups was subject to a different test, described under “results” below.
results, study 2. after their prime, students read the same date-rape scenario and made their 1-100 moral judgment. the subjects primed with science words were more condemnatory of rape (p = 0.04).
problems here include small sample size again, a probability that is barely significant (0.05 is the cut-off level), and a worry that this ranking (82 for control primes, 96 for science primes) a good indicator of moral behavior.
results, study 3. students, after priming, completed a “prosocial intentions measure,” which included “the likelihood of engaging of each of several behaviors in the following month, including prosocial activities (donating to charity, giving blood, volunteering, and distractor activities (attending a party, going on vacation, seeing a movie).” the subjects primed with science reported greater prosocial intentions relative to controls (p = 0.024).
problems are again small sample size unrepresentative of the general population, a probability that all that impressive, and the uncertainty that reporting your intentions doesn’t mean you’ll actually fulfill those intentions.
results, study 4. after priming, students took a standard “economic exploitation” test; each was given five one-dollar bills and told to divide the money between themselves and another anonymous participant (there was no opportunity for the other person to reject the dosh). after the experiment was over, both participants got $5 anyway. in this case alone there was an effect of gender, with women keeping more money for themselves than did men (p = 0.03), but there was no gender x prime interaction, and those primed with science gave away significantly more money than those receiving the control prime (p = 0.046).
problems are again small sample size, nonrepresentative population, and a probability that is barely significant (agai, 0.05 is the cutoff).
note that in the last three studies, the possibility that science-y people were more moral a priori was not an issue, as the priming tests were allocated randomly among participants, regardless of their area of study.
the authors conclude that “taken together the present results provide support for the idea that the study of science itself independent of the specific conclusions reached by scientific inquiries holds normative implications and leads to moral outcomes.” well, only the study #1 had anything to say about the “study of science,” as it was the only one that tested science students vs. non-science students. “priming” with words in the other three studies has nothing to do with “the study of science.”
what this study shows is simply a need for further studies, as sample sizes were small and probabilities often marginal. but i am wary of assessing how moral or altruistic someone is from their response to a single test. that itself would need validation by correlating test performance with moral or altruistic behavior in the real world, something that has ever been done, much less can be done.
further, tests like these are in severe need of replication. for example, the authors mention the paper of vohs and schooler (free download at link) showing that reading about humans’ lack of free will made them more likely to cheat on a subsequent task. that paper got a lot of attention. but, as i’ve written about before, the vohs and schooler paper was not replicated in a subsequent study by rolf zwaan at the university of rotterdam. zwaan found no difference in cheating behavior after participants read a piece a piece by francis crick on the illusory nature of free will vs. those who read a “control” piece by crick. ma-kellams and blascovich mention the failure of replication. and of course their own tests need to be replicated on larger and more diverse populations.
i’ve been hard on this study precisely because it produced the results like to see: studying science is good for your behavior. the connection between the two is not as obvious to me as to the authors, but maybe true. but the differences were small, and i’m not sure what the implications would be even if the results were real. as feynman said, the main purpose of science is to keep you from fooling yourself, so we must be extra cautious about accepting results that meet our preconceptions.
note, too, that the paper was published in plos one, which is a journal that doesn’t review papers for novelty or generality. the journal will publish anything so long as the experiments seem to have been performed properly. there have been some good papers in that journal, but i regard it largely as a dumping ground for papers that can’t meet the more rigorous standards of other journals. with increasing pressure to publish, scientists can turn to journals like this to publish nearly anything, so long as the experiment was properly designed and properly analyzed. i’m not saying that this paper was not interesting, but if the results were so momentous why did the authors send them to plos one?
/critique
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ma-kellams, c., and j. blascovich. 2013. does science make you moral? the effects of priming science on moral judgments and behavior. plos one 8:e57989 ep
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ˈmaɪkəl ti ˈnɛvɪn ɪz əˈweɪ. wərdz wɪʧ ʃʊd straɪk fɪr ˈɪntu ðə hɑrt əv hoʊˈtɛljərz əraʊnd ðə wərld. ˈmaɪkəl ti ˈnɛvɪn ɪz əˈweɪ. hi ɪz ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ jʊr buz. sˈwɪmɪŋ ɪn jʊr si. ˈwɛrɪŋ jʊr sˈlɪpərz. ˌɪnˈstɛd gɑt mi, nil ˈætkɪnsən, ˈraɪtɪŋ mɔr əˈbaʊt ðə rɛdz (ðiz rɛdz, ðoʊz rɛdz, ɑr rɛdz) ənd ˈjuzɪŋ ðə fərst ˈpərsən ˈɛndləsli. ɪf maɪk wɑz əˈbaʊt hi maɪt raɪt ðɪs əˈbaʊt ðə fækt ðət wi ˈsədənli gɑt ɪˈnəf sɔŋz soʊ wi hæv tɪ sɪŋ sɔŋz ðət ər ˈsoʊəli əˈbaʊt lædz hu pleɪ fər ˈjuˈɛs ˌɛniˈmɔr, bət əˈweɪ soʊ aɪ kən kət lus. wi ɔl nid ə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ. ənd waɪl aɪ wɑz əˈweɪ ˈbrɛndən ˈrɑʤərz wɑz stɪl ˈlɪvərˌpul ˈmænɪʤər. rɪˈmɛmbər ðoʊz deɪz? ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əˈgoʊ ðət wɑz. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈlɪvərˌpul hæd pleɪd ˈæstən ˈvɪlə. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈlɪvərˌpul hæd pleɪd sion*. tu geɪmz ɪn wɪʧ ˈlɪvərˌpul iʧ kriˈeɪtɪd mɔr ˈʧænsɪz ðən ðeɪ dɪd əˈgɛnst ˈkeɪzən, bət ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt pɔɪnt ɪn ə sɛns. ˌbiˈfɔr ðoʊz tu geɪmz aɪ wɑz, ɛz wi ɔl du, ˈsɪtɪŋ ɔf ˈkɑntəmˌpleɪtɪŋ ðə rɛdz. ˈwəndərɪŋ əˈbaʊt haʊ ðeɪ sɛt əp. ðɪs wɑz bæk wɪn ðɛr wɑz ə bæk θri, rɪˈmɛmbər ðət? ə bæk θri. ˈkreɪzi deɪz. aɪ ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli laɪk bæk θriz. soʊ aɪ wɑz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt haʊ ɛls ju kʊd sɛt ðɪs skwɑd əp. ˈvɛri fju θɪŋz ər ərˈɪʤənəl ɪn ˈfʊtˌbɔl. moʊst ʃeɪps ər slaɪt ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz ɔn ˈəðərz, nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˈdɪfərəns ənd ˈmɛni ər ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt nuˈmɛrɪkli naʊ. fɔrˈmeɪʃənz ənd ʃeɪps ʧeɪnʤ ənd ʃɪft ˈdʊrɪŋ geɪmz ənd ər ˈdɪkˌteɪtɪd baɪ əˈproʊʧ ənd ˈætəˌtud. ðɪs ˈlɪvərˌpul skwɑd ɪz spaɪn ˈhɛvi ə tən əv lædz hu laɪk tɪ bi ɪn ðə ˈsɛntər əv ðə pɪʧ bət ə fɛr fju hu kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn waɪd ˈɛriəz. ənd aɪ wɑz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, ˈpinə ɪn hænd, əv ˈeɪˈsi ˈmaɪˌlæn tim wi ˈvæŋkwɪʃt ɪn 2005 ənd hu ˈvæŋkwɪʃt ˈjuˈɛs ɪn 2007 aɪ wɑz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, wi kən rɪp ðət ɔf. gɑt ðə lædz tɪ rɪp ðət ɔf. ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn əv ðət ˈeɪˈsi ˈmaɪˌlæn saɪd ɪn 2005 ɪz ˈkrɛspoʊ. ˈɛvriˌwən rɪˈmɛmbərz. ˈɛvriˌwən rɪˈmɛmbərz. bət ˈkrɛspoʊ skɔrz tu goʊlz ɪn ə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kəp ˈfaɪnəl ənd ˈluzɪz ənd ˈrɪli pɑrt əv ˈɛni ˈstɔri. ðɛr ər tənz əv ˈrizənz fər ðɪs, bət ɪt ɪz ˈpɑrʃəli bɪˈkəz ˈkrɛspoʊ wɑz pleɪɪŋ ɪn ə frənt tu ɪn ən ˈɪrə wɪn ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈtɛndɪd tɪ muv mɔr tɪ ə frənt mæn ˈrəðər ðən ə pɛr. ˈkrɛspoʊ ənd ˈrɪli ə pɛr ˈiðər. tu naɪnz ˈrənɪŋ raʊnd, səˈplaɪd baɪ ə pjʊr 10 səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ə ˈfɪzɪkəl θri hu ˈʃətəld əˈkrɔs ðə pɪʧ. ɪf wi məst raɪt ɪt daʊn nɑt kwaɪt ə ˈdaɪmənd, nɑt kwaɪt ɛz dɪˈfaɪnd ɛz ðət. waɪl ˈkrɛspoʊ wɑz ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn əv 2005 biɪŋ ə frəm ˈʧɛlsi ɪn ə frənt tu, ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn əv ˈeɪˈsi ˈmaɪˌlæn frəm ðə fərst hæf əv ðə ˈdɛkeɪd ɪz ˈkɔstɑ. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz pleɪd bɪˈhaɪnd ə tu, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd bɪˈhaɪnd ə wən, ˈkɔstɑ wɑz ə ˈləvli. min ˈpipəl wʊd pərˈhæps seɪ hi tu ˈɔfən ˈdɛkərˌeɪtɪd ə geɪm ˈrəðər ðən ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ɪt, bət səm ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈmæʧɪz kʊd du wɪθ mɔr ˌdɛkərˈeɪʃən. baɪ 2007 ˈkɔstɑ wɑz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ðɛr ənd ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmaɪˌlæn wʊd ˈɔfən lʊk tɪ goʊ ə bɪt mɔr ˈsɑləd ˈædɪŋ ɑmbroʊˈsini ɪn, ˈpʊʃɪŋ ˈsidɔrf ˈfɔrwərd ˈkloʊzər tɪ ənd pleɪɪŋ wɪθ ˈoʊnli wən əp tɔp. ə ˈsɛntər θri wɪθ ə bɪt mɔr stil, mɔr prəˈtɛkʃən fər pirlo*, bɪlt əraʊnd ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl kˈwɑləti. ˈlɪvərˌpul hæv, ɪn tu geɪmz ˈəndər klɑp, ˈprɑbəˌbli pleɪd ˈvɛriənts ɔn ɔl θri əv ðiz ʃeɪps, wɪʧ ər slaɪt ˈvɛriənts əv ðɛmˈsɛlvz. soʊ aɪ wɪʃ ˈrɪtən ðɪs pis bæk ðɛn wɪn aɪ wɑz ɔn ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ, bɪˈkəz lʊk greɪt, bət wi ər wɛr wi ər. wi ˈprɪti məʧ wɛnt tɪ ðə ʃeɪp ˈæftər keɪm ɔn əˈgɛnst ˈkeɪzən fər. ənd wɪθ bɪˈhaɪnd. ðə ki ɪz ðə θri. ɪt wɑz ˈflætər fər ðə θri ðən ðə ˈdaɪmənd ˈrɑʤərz fɛlt hi hæd tɪ gɪt rɪd əv ˈæftər gɑt ˈɪnʤərd ɔn ˈɪŋglənd ˈduti ɪn 2014 ˈmɪlnər ənd kən wər, laɪk ˈsidɔrf ənd gɑˈtusoʊ ˈʃɪftɪŋ frəm ðə ˈsɛntər ˈɪntu waɪd ˈɛriəz wɪθ ðə ˈəðər ˈmeɪkɪŋ əp ə tu əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ˈlukəs. ðət ˈmaɪˌlæn saɪd əv 2003 2005 ənd 2007 ɪz kræmd wɪθ ˌɔlˈtaɪm greɪts. wi kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˌpərsəˈnɛl hir, bət juz ənd ˈkəmfərt. ðət θri suts kən ənd ˈmɪlnər. ɪt suts ˈlukəs. ɪt suts tɪ bi wən bɪˈhaɪnd tu. ɪt suts tɪ bi ɪn ə pɛr, bət hi kən du ə ʤɑb əˈloʊn. ɪt ʃʊd sut ənd ˈhɛndərsən. ɪt suts ðə fʊl bæks ɛz wɛl. ɪz ðə kˈwɛʃən mɑrk. ənd ɪt ɪz hir, ɪn ðə koʊld laɪt əv ðə kəmˈpɛrəsənz aɪ əˈvɔɪd fər ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls bɪˈkəz ðeɪ fɛr, wi kən si ðət ðə pleɪər. ə wərld əˈweɪ frəm, nɑt ɪn tərmz əv kˈwɑləti, ðoʊ ɪt həz bɪn tu ˈizəli fərˈgɑtən haʊ ˈsəmpʧwəs ə wɑz, bət ɪn tərmz əv ə lɪst əv prəˈpɔrʃənəl strɛŋθs ənd ˈwiknəsɪz, ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ˈmɛʒərz əp. wɑz ə wən ɪn geɪmz ˈmərʧənt. hi wɑz ðə tɔp ˈskɔrər ɪn ðə ˈʧæmpiənz lig kæmˈpeɪn. hi wɑz ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ɪn ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈpɛnəlti ˈɛriəz, hi wɑz ə pjʊr ˈfaɪnəl θərd pleɪər. hɪz peɪs ˈoʊvər faɪv jɑrdz wɑz rɪˈmɑrkəbəl aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər kristiˈɑnoʊ ˈrənɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm ˈmænˌʧɛstər juˈnaɪtɪd ɪn oʊld ˈtræfərd, ˈlivɪŋ pleɪərz fər dɛd. hi dɪd hɪz wərk əp ðə pɪʧ. ˈdɛkərˌeɪt, hi ˈdɑməˌneɪt hi dɪˈstrɔɪd. wɛˈræz wɔnts tɪ ˈdɑməˌneɪt. hi wɔnts tɪ bi ɔn ðə bɔl. wɪn hɪz ˈbætəlz ɛz dɪz. hi kip ɪt ˈtɪkɪŋ ˈoʊvər ər əˈtæk frəm dip, hi goʊ ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðə bɔl. wi tɔkt əˈbaʊt ɪt ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ənd wi wɪl tɔk əˈbaʊt ɪt ɔn ˈleɪtər; wət klɑp dɪz wɪθ kʊd wɛl ɛnd əp dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ hɪz ˈlɪvərˌpul saɪd ənˈtɪl æt list ˈkrɪsməs ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli ənˈtɪl ðə stɑrt əv nɛkst ˈsizən. ə boʊld muv wɪʧ kən bi meɪd wɪn ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz fɪt; ə muv wɪʧ siz ðə θri ˈlɪvərˌpul hæv pleɪd ɪn fərst tu geɪmz ˌɪnˈklud. ɪt meɪ ˈivɪn bi ðət moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pleɪər əv faɪndz hɪmˈsɛlf ˌɪmˈpæktɪŋ səm geɪmz frəm ðə bɛnʧ; ər bɪˈhaɪnd ə kˈwɑləti frənt tu wɪθ græft bɪˈhaɪnd ðɛm ənd ɪm ˈgɪtɪŋ 30 ˈmɪnəts tɪ ˈsprɪŋkəl səm ˈstɑrˌdəst. wɪn klɑp əraɪvd ðɛr wɑz ˈplɛnti əv tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈlɪvərˌpul goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə hi pʊʃt æt ˈdɔrtmənd. ˌɪnˈstɛd, wi kən ɔˈrɛdi si ə ˈmænɪʤər ˈlʊkɪŋ æt hɪz skwɑd ənd traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt ðɛm tɪ du wət kəmz ˈnæʧərəli tɪ ðɛm. ˈərli deɪz bət ðɪs lʊks tɪ sut ðə skwɑd. ðɪs kʊd, əv kɔrs, bi ə ˌʃɔrtˈtərm fɪks ənˈtɪl ðə ˈmænɪʤər kən goʊ ˈɪntu ðə ˈmɑrkɪt fər ðə peɪs ənd kˈwɑləti frəm waɪd ˈɛriəz hi meɪ wɔnt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər hi həz hæd ə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ, tu. ˈmeɪbi traɪɪŋ tɪ prəˈtɛkt lɛgz, ˈmeɪbi hi θɪŋks hi nid tɪ du θɪŋz ə ˈlɪtəl ˈdɪfərˈɛntli ɪn ðɪs lig naʊ. taɪm wɪl tɛl, bət wɪθ ðiz rɛdz, pərˈhæps əˈnəðər ˈrizən tɪ θɪŋk əv ˈeɪˈsi ˈmaɪˌlæn 2005 pics*: ˈdeɪvɪd ˈfoʊˌtoʊ laɪk ðə ræp ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn tˈwɪtər
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michael t nevin is away. words which should strike fear into the heart of hoteliers around the world. michael t nevin is away. he is drinking your booze. swimming in your sea. wearing your slippers.
instead you’ve got me, neil atkinson, writing more about the reds (these reds, those reds, our reds) and using the first person endlessly. if mike was about he might write this about the fact that we suddenly got enough songs so we have to sing songs that are solely about lads who play for us anymore, but he’s away so i can cut loose.
we all need a holiday. and while i was away brendan rodgers was still liverpool manager. remember those days? a lifetime ago that was. before liverpool had played aston villa. before liverpool had played sion. two games in which liverpool each created more chances than they did against kazan, but a separate point in a sense.
before those two games i was, as we all do, sitting off contemplating the reds. wondering about how they set up. this was back when there was a back three, remember that? a back three. crazy days. i particularly like back threes. so i was thinking about how else you could set this squad up.
very few things are original in football. most shapes are slight variations on others, there’s not always enormous difference and many are difficult to represent numerically now. formations and shapes change and shift during games and are dictated by approach and attitude.
this liverpool squad is spine heavy a ton of lads who like to be in the centre of the pitch but a fair few who can also function in wide areas. and i was thinking, pina colada in hand, of ancelotti’s ac milan team we vanquished in 2005 and who vanquished us in 2007. i was thinking, we can rip that off. we’ve got the lads to rip that off.
the forgotten man of that ac milan side in 2005 is crespo. everyone remembers kaka. everyone remembers shevchenko. but crespo scores two goals in a european cup final and loses and isn’t really part of any story. there are tons of reasons for this, but it is partially because crespo was playing in a front two in an era when football tended to move more to a front man rather than a pair.
crespo and shevchenko weren’t really a pair either. two nines running round, supplied by a pure 10, supported by a physical midfield three who shuttled across the pitch. if we must write it down 4-3-1-2; not quite a diamond, not quite as defined as that.
while crespo was the forgotten man of 2005 being a loanee from chelsea in a front two, the forgotten man of ac milan from the first half of the decade is rui costa. sometimes played behind a two, sometimes alongside kaka behind a one, costa was a lovely footballer. mean people would perhaps say he too often decorated a game rather than dominated it, but some football matches could do with more decoration.
by 2007 costa was no longer there and in general milan would often look to go a bit more solid adding ambrosini in, pushing seedorf forward closer to kaka and playing with only one up top. a centre midfield three with a bit more steel, more protection for pirlo, built around kaka’s exceptional quality.
liverpool have, in two games under klopp, probably played variants on all three of these shapes, which are slight variants of themselves. so i wish i’d written this piece back then when i was on holiday, because i’d look great, but we are where we are.
we pretty much went to the 4-3-1-2 shape after benteke came on against kazan for coutinho. benteke and origi with lallana behind. the key is the midfield three. it was flatter for the midfield three than the diamond rodgers felt he had to get rid of after sturridge got injured on england duty in 2014. milner and emre can were, like seedorf and gattuso shifting from the centre into wide areas with the other making up a midfield two alongside lucas.
that milan side of 2003, 2005 and 2007 is crammed with all-time greats. we aren’t comparing personnel here, but positional use and positional comfort. that three suits emre can and milner. it suits lucas. it suits lallana to be one behind two. it suits benteke to be in a pair, but he can do a job alone. it should suit sturridge and henderson. it suits the full backs as well.
coutinho is the question mark. and it is here, in the cold light of the comparisons i avoid for everyone else because they aren’t fair, we can see that the player isn’t kaka. he’s a world away from kaka, not in terms of quality, though it has been too easily forgotten how sumptuous a footballer kaka was, but in terms of a list of proportional strengths and weaknesses, whether or not coutinho measures up.
kaka was a one in two-and-a-half games merchant. he was the top scorer in the 2006-07 champions league campaign. he was devastating in opposition penalty areas, he was a pure final third player. his pace over five yards was remarkable i remember cristiano ronaldo-esque running away from manchester united in old trafford, leaving players for dead.
he did his work up the pitch. kaka didn’t decorate, he didn’t dominate he destroyed. whereas coutinho wants to dominate. he wants to be on the ball. kaka didn’t win his battles as coutinho does. he didn’t keep it ticking over or attack from deep, he didn’t go looking for the ball.
we talked about it on monday and we will talk about it on citytalk later; what klopp does with coutinho could well end up defining his liverpool side until at least christmas and probably until the start of next season.
there’s a bold move which can be made when almost everyone is fit; a move which sees the midfield three liverpool have played in klopp’s first two games include coutinho. it may even be that liverpool’s most important player of 14-15 finds himself impacting some games from the bench; firmino or lallana behind a quality front two with graft behind them and him getting 30 minutes to sprinkle some stardust.
when klopp arrived there was plenty of talk about liverpool going to the 4-2-3-1 he pushed at dortmund. instead, we can already see a manager looking at his squad and trying to get them to do what comes naturally to them.
it’s early days but this looks to suit the squad. this could, of course, be a short-term fix until the manager can go into the market for the pace and quality from wide areas he may want. however he has had a holiday, too. maybe he’s trying to protect legs, maybe he thinks he need to do things a little differently in this league now.
time will tell, but with these reds, perhaps there’s another reason to think of ac milan 2005.
pics: david rawcliffe-propaganda photo
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ðə ˈsɛnɪt ɪz ˈbɛrli ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ. ənd ðə fˈjuʧər lʊks ˈivɪn ˈblikər. ˈʃoʊˌdaʊnz, ˈgəvərnmənt ˈʃətˌdaʊn θrɛts ənd "ˈnukliər ˈɔpʃənz" wɪl lum ˈoʊvər ðə ˈʧeɪmbər ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ mənθs. ɪn fækt, ðə ˌtuˈməˌlʧuəs fərst mənθ əv ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən meɪ tərn aʊt tɪ bi ðə moʊst ˈplɛzənt ˈpɪriəd əv ðə ˈkɑŋgrəs. ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjud bɪˈloʊ ɪt səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi laɪk ðɪs. ˈtoʊtəl kənˈtroʊl əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ʃʊd min ðət trəmp gɪts ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ hi wɔnts aʊt əv ˈkæpɪtəl hɪl. bət ˈsɛnɪt ˈdɛməˌkræts ðə læst laɪn əv ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk dɪˈfɛns ər ðə ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən əv ˈkæbənət tɪ ə hɪˈstɔrɪk dɪˈgri, soʊ məʧ soʊ ðət rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈivɪn ˈstɑrtɪd jɛt ɔn ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv əˈʤɛndə. rɪˈpəblɪkənz wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli wɪn ɔl ðiz ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈbætəlz, bət ɪt wɪl bi ənd ˈəgli. haʊ ˈəgli həz ɪt ˈgɔtən? ˈsɛnɪt məˈnɔrəti ˈlidər ʧək ˈʃumər (d-n.y*.) ˈvoʊtɪd əˈgɛnst ðə ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən əv ˌiˈleɪn ʧaʊ fər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən. ʧaʊ ˈhæpənz tɪ bi ðə waɪf əv ˈsɛnɪt məˈʤɔrəti ˈlidər mɪʧ məˈkɑnəl (r-ky*.). ʧaʊ wɑz əˈpruvd ˈizəli ðə voʊt wɑz bət ˈʃumərz ““no”*” voʊt ˌɪnfˈjʊriˌeɪtɪd ˈmɛni rɪˈpəblɪkənz. jɛt ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ɛmˈbætəld ˈʃumərz weɪ əv ˈsɛndɪŋ ə ˈmɛsɪʤ tɪ boʊθ hɪz beɪs ənd ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts aɪ wɪl du ˌwəˈtɛvər ɪt teɪks. hi ʤɔɪnd ðə laɪks əv ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ˈwɔrən ənd ˈkɔˌri ˈbʊkər ɪn ˈvoʊtɪŋ əˈgɛnst ʧaʊ. ˈsɛnɪt ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ əˈpɑrt," sɛd sɛn. bɪl ˈnɛlsən (d-fla*.). nɑt ə gʊd taɪm. nɑt ə gʊd taɪm," ˈædɪd sɛn. ʤɑn məˈkeɪn (r-ariz*.). ˈdɛməˌkræts, ˈmɛni əv hum ˈoʊpənli loʊð trəmp ənd ər fˈjʊriəs ˈoʊvər hɪz ˈrɛfjuʤi ˈkrækˌdaʊn wɪʧ ˈdɛməˌkræts dɪˈskraɪb ɛz ə "ˈməzlɪm bæn" ənd ˈəðər ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈækʃənz, hæv juzd ɔl ðə prəˈsiʤərəl ˈɛroʊz ɪn ðɛr kˈwɪvər tɪ sloʊ daʊn ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən əv trəmps ˈkæbənət ˌnɑməˈniz. ðeɪv ˈbɔɪˌkɑtɪd kəˈmɪti ˈmitɪŋz, rɪfˈjuzd tɪ lɛt ˈpænəlz mit ɪn ðə ˌæftərˈnun, drægd aʊt voʊts ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl, ənd rɪfˈjuzd tɪ əˈgri tɪ ˈivɪn ˈnɔrməl flɔr rɪkˈwɛsts. ðeɪ ər ˈvoʊtɪŋ əˈgɛnst trəmps ˈkæbənət pɪks ɪn ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ˈnəmbərz, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət trəmp ˈdəzənt dɪˈzərv ˈivɪn ə pəˈtinə əv ˈpɑrtəzən səˈpɔrt. ənd ðɛr ˈtæktɪks hæv bɪn ˈpɑrtli səkˈsɛsfəl. ðə ˈsɛnɪts ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən əv trəmps ˈkæbənət ɪz ðə sloʊəst ɪn ˈmɑdərn ˈhɪstəri, ˈspænɪŋ bæk tɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt dwaɪt di. ˈaɪzənˌhaʊər. ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts ˈʤɪmi ˈkɑrtər ənd ˈrɑnəld ˈrigən hæd ðɛr hoʊl ˈkæbənəts kənˈfərmd æt ðɪs pɔɪnt; ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts bɪl ˈklɪntən, ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ ənd ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə wər ˈnɪrli ˈfɪnɪʃt; ənd ˈivɪn ʤɔrʤ h.w*. bʊʃ hæd naɪn əv hɪz ˈkæbənət ˈsɛkrəˌtɛriz ɪn pleɪs dɪˈspaɪt ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən frəm ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈsɛnɪt. trəmp, ðoʊ, həz ˈoʊnli fɔr ˈkæbənət ˈsɛkrəˌtɛriz kənˈfərmd, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈsɛvərəl mɔr ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ˌnɑməˈni ʤɛf ˈsɛʃənz ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ klɪr ðɪs wik. ˈdɛməˌkræts seɪ ɪts trəmps oʊn fɔlt fər ðə sloʊ peɪs. ˈdɛməˌkræts kleɪm ɪf trəmp hæd pɪkt ˈbɛtər kˈwɑləˌfaɪd ˈkænədɪts fər ðiz poʊsts, ðə sˈloʊˌdaʊn ˈwʊdənt hæv ˈhæpənd. ər ɛkˌstrɔrdəˈnɛrəli frɪnʤ ˈkæbənət ˌnɑməˈniz ˈdraɪvɪŋ ðɪs conversation,”*,” ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ˈlɪˌbərəl sɛn. ʤɛf ˈmərkli (d-ore*.), ə ˈsɛntrəl ˈædvəˌkeɪt əv sloʊɪŋ əˈʤɛndə. məˈkɑnəl həz rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ ðə dɪˈleɪ ˈtæktɪks baɪ ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtɪŋ hɪz məˈʤɔrəti ˈstætəs tɪ graɪnd daʊn ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts. hi ˈskɛʤʊld ə rɛr a.m*. ˈsɛnɪt voʊt ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ tɪ muv ˈfɔrwərd ˈbɛtsi ˈdivoʊz fər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri. hi həz dɪˈleɪd ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ taɪmz fər ðə ˈsɛnɪt iʧ deɪ tɪ ɪˈveɪd əˈbʤɛkʃənz. wɪn ˈdɛməˌkræts rɪfˈjuzd tɪ əˈtɛnd kəˈmɪti ˈhirɪŋz tɪ voʊt ɔn ˌnɑməˈniz, rɪˈpəblɪkənz ʧeɪnʤd ðə kəˈmɪti rulz soʊ ðeɪ kʊd ʤæm ðɛm θru. ðeɪ muvd ˈfɔrwərd ɔn ˌnɑməˈneɪʃənz ˈivɪn ˌbiˈfɔr ˈbækˌgraʊnd ʧɛks wər kəmˈplit ər rɪfˈjuzd ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk dɪˈmændz fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˌɪnˈsɪst ˈdɛməˌkræts wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli gɪt taɪərd əv ˈnæʃɪŋ ðɛr tiθ ˈoʊvər trəmp. hiz ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ðɛrz ˈnəθɪŋ ðeɪ kən du əˈbaʊt ɪt. ɪts ə ˈmɛsɪʤ ju hir ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər frəm rɪˈpəblɪkənz trəmp wən, lɛt ɪt goʊ. "aɪ si haʊ ðeɪ səˈsteɪn ðɛr ˈæŋgər ənd ðɛr læk əv pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈgəvərnɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈvɛri lɔŋ ənd stɪl kəm bæk ɪn 2018 aɪ ʤɪst θɪŋk ən əˈʤɛndə fər səkˈsɛs," sɛd ˈsɛnɪt məˈʤɔrəti wɪp ʤɑn (r-texas*). maɪ hoʊp ɪz ðət wəns ðeɪ sɔrt əv gɪt ˈoʊvər ðə fækt ðət ˈdɑnəld trəmp wən traɪ tɪ bi mɔr productive.”*.” ˈsɛnətərz æd ðət ˈdɛməˌkræts meɪd ðɛr oʊn ˈtrəbəlz ɔn trəmps ˌnɑməˈniz baɪ ˌɪnˈvoʊkɪŋ ðə "ˈnukliər ˈɔpʃən" ɔn ˌnɑməˈniz ənd ˈʤəʤɪz ɪn 2013 ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ pʊʃ ðɛm θru ɔn ə ˈsɪmpəl məˈʤɔrəti voʊt. ˌbiˈfɔr ðət, ɪt tʊk 60 voʊts tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ə ˈfɪləˌbəstər, ˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts ənd ðə məˈʤɔrəti tɪ kət dilz wɪθ ðə məˈnɔrəti ˈpɑrti. ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv əˈnəðər "ˈnukliər ˈɔpʃən" faɪt lumz ˈoʊvər səˈprim kɔrt ˌnɑməˈni nil ˈgɔrsəʧ, ə muv ðət wʊd kɔz ə vɑlˈkænɪk ˈəˌprɔr frəm ðə məˈnɔrəti ˈpɑrti. jɛt ˈdɛməˌkræts rul aʊt ˈblɑkɪŋ ɪm, ənd rɪˈpəblɪkənz ər θˈrɛtənɪŋ tɪ kɪl ðə ˈsupərməˌʤɔrɪti rɪkˈwaɪrmənt tɪ gɪt ɪm kənˈfərmd, pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈwɔtərɪŋ daʊn ðə ˈfɪləˌbəstər ˈivɪn ˈfərðər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ril ˈpeɪˌbæk frəm ˈdɛməˌkræts meɪ kəm ˈleɪtər ɪn ðə jɪr. ðə fərst hæf əv 2017 wɪl bi ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ bɪlz ðət məˈkɑnəl kən pʊʃ θru ɔn ə ˈsɪmpəl məˈʤɔrəti ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ rɪˈpil ənd ə ˈpækɪʤ. bət ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfəndɪŋ wɪl rən aʊt ɔn ˈeɪprəl 28 ənd ˈdɛməˌkræts kʊd ˈfɪləˌbəstər ˈɛni bɪl tɪ kip ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈoʊpən, ˈfɔrsɪŋ ə ˈʃoʊˌdaʊn ˈoʊvər rɪˈpəblɪkənz' ˈspɛndɪŋ ənd ˈpɑləsi dɪˈsɪʒənz. ɪts ənˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈhæpən, ədˈmɪtəd ˈsɛnɪt məˈnɔrəti wɪp dɪk ˈdərbɪn (d-ill*.), ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈəðər ˈdɛməˌkræts səˈʤɛst ɪt kʊd. ðə ˈsəmər wɪl si ə voʊt ɔn ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə ˈneɪʃənz 20 dɛt ˈsilɪŋ. rɪˈpəblɪkənz kən pʊʃ ən ˌɪnˈkris θru ðə haʊs ɔn ðɛr oʊn, bət ðeɪ nid 60 voʊts ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt. ˈdɛməˌkræts kʊd gɪt ˈlɛvərɪʤ ðɛr. ɪt ɪz ðə ˈænjuəl əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃənz bɪlz, ðoʊ, wɛr ˈdɛməˌkræts hæv ðɛr moʊst paʊər. kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈlidərz ənd ðə waɪt haʊs ɔˈrɛdi bɪˈliv ˈsɛnɪt ˈdɛməˌkræts wɪl blɑk moʊst ər ɔl əv ðoʊz bɪlz, ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ geɪn ən ˈəpər hænd ˈoʊvər trəmp ənd rɪˈpəblɪkənz. ɪf trəmp goʊz tu fɑr wɪθ ˈpɑləsi ˈraɪdərz ˈtoʊtəli diˈfəndɪŋ plænd ˈpɛrənˌthʊd, fər ˈɪnstəns ər meɪks kəts tɪ ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl prəˈtɛkʃən ˈeɪʤənsi ər ˈəðər hɛlθ ənd ˈseɪfti ˈproʊˌgræmz ðət ˈdɛməˌkræts kənˈsɪdər tu dip, ˈdɛməˌkræts səˈʤɛst ðɛr ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ goʊ ðə mæt. noʊ, dɪˈpɛndz ɔn wət ðeɪ propose,”*,” rɪˈplaɪd sɛn. ˈdɛbi ˈstæbɪnoʊ (d-mich*.) wɪn æst əˈbaʊt ˈfəndɪŋ ˈbrɪŋkmənˌʃɪp. nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ ʤɪst ʃət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt daʊn tɪ ʃət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt daʊn. nɑt wət ðɪs ɪz əˈbaʊt." ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈsɛnətərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðoʊz ɪn hɪz oʊn ˈpɑrti, sɛd trəmp ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv tɪ drəˈmætɪkəli toʊn daʊn hɪz ˈrɛtərɪk ənd əˈtɛmpt tɪ bɪld səm riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ˈdɛməˌkræts. hoʊp ənd bɪˈliv ðət, ˈsunər ˈrəðər ðən ˈleɪtər, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt wɪl ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət hi həz tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ səm [baɪˈpɑrtɪzən] riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps," məˈkeɪn sɛd. məˈkeɪn ˈædɪd ðət ðə fərst tu wiks əv ðə trəmp ˈprɛzɪdənsi hæv fɛlt laɪk months.”*.” ənd səm ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtərz hæd tɪ drɛʤ əp daɪər ɪˈvɛnts tɪ meɪk pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈbætəlz sim ˈnɔrməl. "ˈpipəl æsk mi ɪf ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈkəntri raɪt naʊ. ənd aɪ seɪ, wɛl aɪ æm. bət aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz traɪ tɪ pʊt θɪŋz ɪn perspective,”*,” sɛd sɛn. tɑm ˈkɑrpər (d-del*.). ɪz ə ˈkəntri ðət sərˈvaɪvd ə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ðə əˌsæsəˈneɪʃən əv ɑr ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ðə ˌɪmˈpiʧmənt əv ðə nɛkst ˈprɛzɪdənt. wi gɑt θru ðət, soʊ ðə ˈsɛnɪt wɪl gɪt θru ðɪs."
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the senate is barely functioning. and the future looks even bleaker.
showdowns, government shutdown threats and "nuclear options" will loom over the chamber in the coming months. in fact, the tumultuous first month of president donald trump’s administration may turn out to be the most pleasant period of the 115th congress.
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it wasn’t supposed to be like this. total gop control of washington should mean that trump gets everything he wants out of capitol hill.
but senate democrats — the last line of democratic defense — are slow-walking the installation of trump’s cabinet to a historic degree, so much so that republicans haven’t even started yet on trump’s legislative agenda. republicans will eventually win all these confirmation battles, but it will be time-consuming and ugly.
how ugly has it gotten? senate minority leader chuck schumer (d-n.y.) voted against the nomination of elaine chao for secretary of transportation. chao happens to be the wife of senate majority leader mitch mcconnell (r-ky.).
chao was approved easily — the vote was 93-6 — but schumer's “no” vote infuriated many republicans. yet it was also the embattled schumer's way of sending a message to both his base and gop counterparts — i will do whatever it takes. he joined the likes of elizabeth warren and cory booker in voting against chao.
“the senate is coming apart," said sen. bill nelson (d-fla.).
"it’s not a good time. it’s not a good time," added sen. john mccain (r-ariz.).
democrats, many of whom openly loathe trump and are furious over his refugee crackdown — which democrats describe as a "muslim ban" — and other executive actions, have used all the procedural arrows in their quiver to slow down confirmation of trump's cabinet nominees. they've boycotted committee meetings, refused to let panels meet in the afternoon, dragged out votes as long as possible, and refused to agree to even normal floor requests. they are voting against trump's cabinet picks in unprecedented numbers, arguing that trump doesn't deserve even a patina of partisan support.
and their tactics have been partly successful.
the senate's confirmation of trump's cabinet is the slowest in modern history, spanning back to president dwight d. eisenhower. presidents jimmy carter and ronald reagan had their whole cabinets confirmed at this point; presidents bill clinton, george w. bush and barack obama were nearly finished; and even george h.w. bush had nine of his cabinet secretaries in place despite opposition from a democratic senate.
trump, though, has only four cabinet secretaries confirmed, although several more — including attorney general nominee jeff sessions — are expected to clear this week.
democrats say it's trump's own fault for the slow pace. democrats claim if trump had picked better qualified candidates for these posts, the slowdown wouldn't have happened.
“they are extraordinarily fringe cabinet nominees driving this conversation,” insisted liberal sen. jeff merkley (d-ore.), a central advocate of slowing trump’s agenda.
mcconnell has responded to the delay tactics by exploiting his majority status to grind down the democrats. he scheduled a rare 6:30 a.m. senate vote on friday to move forward betsy devos for education secretary. he has delayed the opening times for the senate each day to evade schumer’s objections. when democrats refused to attend committee hearings to vote on nominees, republicans changed the committee rules so they could jam them through. they moved forward on nominations even before background checks were complete or refused democratic demands for more information.
republicans insist democrats will eventually get tired of gnashing their teeth over trump. he's the president and there's nothing they can do about it. it's a message you hear over and over from republicans — trump won, let it go.
"i don’t see how they sustain their anger and their lack of participation in the governing process very long and still come back in 2018. i just don’t think it’s an agenda for success," said senate majority whip john cornyn (r-texas). “so my hope is that once they sort of get over the fact that donald trump won … they’ll try to be more productive.”
gop senators add that democrats made their own troubles on trump's nominees by invoking the "nuclear option" on executive-branch nominees and lower-court judges in 2013, making it possible to push them through on a simple majority vote. before that, it took 60 votes to overcome a filibuster, forcing presidents and the majority to cut deals with the minority party.
the prospect of another "nuclear option" fight looms over supreme court nominee neil gorsuch, a move that would cause a volcanic uproar from the minority party. yet democrats won’t rule out blocking him, and republicans are threatening to kill the supermajority requirement to get him confirmed, potentially watering down the filibuster even further.
however, the real payback from democrats may come later in the year. the first half of 2017 will be dominated by bills that mcconnell can push through on a simple majority — including obamacare repeal and a tax-reform package.
but government funding will run out on april 28, and democrats could filibuster any bill to keep the government open, forcing a showdown over republicans' spending and policy decisions. it's unlikely to happen, admitted senate minority whip dick durbin (d-ill.), although other democrats suggest it could.
the summer will see a vote on increasing the nation's $20 trillion-plus debt ceiling. republicans can push an increase through the house on their own, but they need 60 votes in the senate. democrats could get leverage there.
it is the annual appropriations bills, though, where democrats have their most power. gop congressional leaders and the white house already believe senate democrats will block most or all of those bills, looking to gain an upper hand over trump and republicans. if trump goes too far with policy riders — totally defunding planned parenthood, for instance — or makes cuts to the environmental protection agency or other health and safety programs that democrats consider too deep, democrats suggest they're willing to go the mat.
“i don’t know, depends on what they propose,” replied sen. debbie stabenow (d-mich.) when asked about funding brinkmanship. “we’re not going to just shut the government down to shut the government down. that’s not what this is about."
a number of senators, including those in his own party, said trump is going to have to dramatically tone down his rhetoric and attempt to build some relationships with democrats.
“i hope and believe that, sooner rather than later, the president will realize that he has to establish some [bipartisan] relationships," mccain said.
mccain added that the first two weeks of the trump presidency have felt like “two months.” and some longtime legislators had to dredge up dire events to make today’s political battles seem normal.
"people ask me if i’m worried about our country right now. and i say, well i am. but i always try to put things in perspective,” said sen. tom carper (d-del.). “this is a country that survived a civil war followed by the assassination of our president followed by the impeachment of the next president. we got through that, so the senate will get through this."
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ðɪs mənθ bɪˈkeɪm ˈoʊnli ðə ˈsɛkənd blɔg tɪ ˈɛvər sɛl fər ˈoʊvər 100 ˈmɪljən. ˈbliʧər rɪˈpɔrts sˈloʊgən ɪz "ðə ˈoʊpən sɔrs spɔrts ˈnɛtˌwərk". ðə saɪt ɪz ə mɛrɪˈtɔkrəsi. ˈɛniˌwən kən ˈpəblɪʃ ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔn spɔrt. ðə mɔr ˈpɑpjələr ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl, ðə mɔr əˈtɛnʃən ənd ˈprɑmənəns ɪt gɪts ɔn ðə saɪt. ˈbliʧər rɪˈpɔrt ˈdəzənt ʤɪst juz ən ˈoʊpən ˈbɪznɪs ˈmɑdəl, ðeɪv ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈlaɪd ɔn ˈoʊpən sɔrs sɪns ðeɪ ˈstɑrtɪd. ðɛr ə greɪt ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ˈjuzɪŋ ˈoʊpən sɔrs tɪ bɪld jʊr ˈbɪznɪs. wiv ˈfɑloʊd ðɛr raɪz ˈkloʊsli bɪˈkəz wi dɪd səm wərk fər ðɛm ɪn ðɛr ˈərli jɪrz. ðeɪ wər ˈwəndərfəl, wɔrm ˈpipəl tɪ wərk wɪθ ənd ˈfʊli dɪˈzərv ðɛr səkˈsɛs. ðeɪ juzd ˈoʊpən sɔrs tulz tɪ lɔnʧ ðɛr ˈbɪznɪs ənd ðɛn juzd ˈkəstəm ˈoʊpən sɔrs tulz tɪ groʊ ˈfərðər. hɪrz ə brif ˈriˌkæp əv haʊ ðeɪ dɪd ɪt: ˈbliʧər rɪˈpɔrt ɪn 2006 ˈlɔnʧɪz ɔn ɪn leɪt 2006 ðeɪ bɪlt ðə saɪt ɔn ə mɪks əv fri ənd 50 ɪkˈstɛnʃənz səʧ ɛz kəmˈjunɪti ˈbɪldər fər ˈjuzər ˈproʊˌfaɪlz, ədˈvæns fər ənd fər ˈfidˌbæk. aɪ daʊt ðeɪ lɔnʧt ðə saɪt ɔn mɔr ðən 2000 ənd ə hoʊl əv ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm. ˈbliʧər rɪˈpɔrt ɪn 2007 wi ˈhoʊstɪd ðə saɪt ənd dɪd səm wərk ɔn ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðə saɪt. ðə tu ki θɪŋz wi dɪd wər: ˈsioʊ, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðə ənd ðə. ðeɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ mit səm ˈkəmbərsəm rulz fər ˌɪnˈkluʒən ðət ˈgugəl nuz hæd bæk ɪn 2007 ˈbɪldɪŋ ðə fərst ˈvərʒən əv ðɛr ˈɔθər ˈreɪtɪŋ ˈsɪstəm. ˈɔθərz gɪt pɔɪnts fər ðə ˈtræfɪk tɪ ðɛr poʊsts, ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkɑmɛnts meɪd ənd mɔr. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt ˈbliʧər rɪˈpɔrt ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ kloʊz tɪ juˈnik ˈvɪzɪtərz pər mənθ. fər ə fju ˈθaʊzənd ˈdɔlərz ðeɪv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ pruv ðɛr ˈkɑnsɛpt ənd ˈbɪznɪs ˈmɑdəl. ðɛr naʊ ˈeɪbəl tɪ gɪt əˈtrækt ə ˈmɪljən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ənd bɪld ə nu ˈrubi ɔn reɪlz saɪt, kəmˈplitli frəm ðɛr nidz. ˈbliʧər rɪˈpɔrt ɪn 2008 ðə nu nu ˈrubi ɔn reɪlz saɪt kəmz aʊt əv ˈbeɪtə. groʊθ kənˈtɪnjuz ənd ðeɪ gɪt ə ˈmɪljən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt. ˈbliʧər rɪˈpɔrt ɪn 2009 mɔr spɔrts, mɔr dɪˈzaɪn ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ənd ə 3 ˈmɪljən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt. ˈbliʧər rɪˈpɔrt ɪn 2010 mɔr spɔrts, mɔr dɪˈzaɪn ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ənd ˈmɪljən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt! ˈbliʧər rɪˈpɔrt ɪn 2011 ɪz naʊ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt spɔrts saɪt ənd gɪts ə 22 ˈmɪljən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt. ˈbliʧər rɪˈpɔrt ɪn 2012 ðə saɪt sɛlz fər tɪ taɪm ˈwɔrnər. tu əv ðə wi wərkt wɪθ ɔn ðə əv ðə saɪt ər stɪl ðɛr 6 jɪrz ˈleɪtər. wən ɪz ðə ˌviˈpi əv ˈbɪznɪs dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd ðə ˈəðər ɪz ðə ˌviˈpi ˈrɛvəˌnu. ðeɪ ər stɪl ˈrənɪŋ ɔn ˈoʊpən sɔrs təˈdeɪ. ðeɪ geɪv ən ˈɪntərvˌju læst mənθ ɔn haʊ wɛl ˈoʊpən sɔrs kən skeɪl ənd tɔkt ɪn ˈditeɪl əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈoʊpən sɔrs juz ɪn ðɪs ˈpɔdˌkæst frəm læst jɪr. kənˌgræʧəˈleɪʃənz tɪ ðə ˈbliʧər rɪˈpɔrt tim fər ˈraɪdɪŋ ˈoʊpən sɔrs ɔl ðə weɪ frəm ən aɪˈdiə tɪ juʤ səkˈsɛs.
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this month bleacherreport.com became only the second blog to ever sell for over $100 million.
bleacher report's slogan is "the open source sports network". the site is a meritocracy. anyone can publish an article on sport. the more popular the article, the more attention and prominence it gets on the site.
bleacher report doesn't just use an open business model, they've also relied on open source since they started. they're a great example of using open source to build your business.
we've followed their rise closely because we did some work for them in their early years. they were wonderful, warm people to work with and fully deserve their success.
they used off-the-shelf open source tools to launch their business and then used custom open source tools to grow further. here's a brief recap of how they did it:
bleacher report in 2006
bleacherreport.com launches on joomla in late 2006. they built the site on a mix of free and $50 extensions such as community builder for user profiles, sef advance for urls and jomcomment for feedback. i doubt they launched the site on more than $2000 and a whole boat-load of enthusiasm.
bleacher report in 2007 we hosted the site and did some work on improving the site. the two key things we did were: seo, in particular improving the metadata and the urls. they needed to meet some cumbersome rules for inclusion that google news had back in 2007.
building the first version of their author rating system. authors get points for the traffic to their posts, the number of comments made and more. at this point bleacher report is getting close to half-a-million unique visitors per month. for a few thousand dollars they've been able to prove their concept and business model. they're now able to get attract a $1.5 million investment and build a new ruby on rails site, completely custom-designed from their needs.
bleacher report in 2008 the new new ruby on rails site comes out of beta. growth continues and they get a $3.5 million investment.
bleacher report in 2009 more sports, more design improvements and a $3 million investment.
bleacher report in 2010 more sports, more design improvements and $10.5 million investment!
bleacher report in 2011 is now the largest independent sports site and gets a $22 million investment.
bleacher report in 2012 the site sells for $175m to time warner. two of the co-founders we worked with on the nitty-gritty of the site are still there 6 years later. one is the vp of business development and the other is the vp revenue. they are still running on open source today. they gave an interview last month on how well open source can scale and talked in detail about their open source use in this podcast from last year. congratulations to the bleacher report team for riding open source all the way from an idea to huge success.
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dɑrk soʊlz ɪz nɑt ɔn ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz du tɪ kənˈtroʊlz, ɪt həz bɪn rɪˈvild. dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈgloʊbəl ˈstrætəʤi fər ˈmoʊbəl ˈæləks sɛd ðə ˈpəblɪʃər ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ə ˈmoʊbəl ˈɛntri, bət ɪt həz pruvd "ˈdɪfəkəlt" tɪ kənˈvɪns dɪˈvɛləpər frəm ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ˌbænˈdaɪ "wid laɪk tɪ brɪŋ dɑrk soʊlz tɪ ˈmoʊbəl, bət ɪts ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt bɪˈkəz ðə gaɪz æt frəm ˈsɔfˌwɛr ər ˈvɛri məʧ ˈkɑnsoʊl ˈɔriˌɛntɪd," hi toʊld ˈdɪʤɪtəl spaɪ. "tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðɛr maɪnd əˈbaʊt ɪt, ɪt teɪks kwaɪt ə waɪl. "ðə lidz ɔn dɑrk soʊlz ər seɪɪŋ wi doʊnt wɔnt tɪ du ˈmoʊbəl bɪˈkəz ðə kənˈtroʊlz wʊd hæv tɪ bi ʧeɪnʤd, ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɪt woʊnt bi dɑrk soʊlz ˌɛniˈmɔr. "æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ju hæv ə groʊθ ɪn kənˈtroʊlərz fər ˈmoʊbəl. aɪ θɪŋk ɪts nɑt ən ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl keɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊ tɪ si ə dɑrk soʊlz geɪm ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ˈmoʊbəl æt səm pɔɪnt. "bət ðə truθ ɪz ðət ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz wi hæv wɪθ dɪˈvaɪs ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ər seɪɪŋ ðə fərst kənˈtroʊl ðeɪ wɔnt ɪz glæs, ˈɑbviəsli, ɪts nɑt kənˈtroʊlər ər ˈʤɔɪˌstɪk. ðeɪ wɔnt ˈpipəl tɪ juz glæs tɪ kənˈtroʊl ðə geɪm, soʊ ɪts ə bɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt, bət wɪr ˈgɪtɪŋ ðɛr." ˈædɪd ðət waɪl ɪt "kʊd wərk ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli wɛl fər ˈmoʊbəl", ˌbænˈdaɪ wʊd hæv tɪ teɪk ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ðə teɪsts əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈmɑrkɪts. "aɪ θɪŋk ðɛr ɪz ə nid tɪ ˌridɪˈzaɪn ðə weɪ ju ɪn ðə geɪm tɪ meɪk ɪt ə bɪt mɔr ˈkæʒəwəl, soʊ wɪθ ˈʃɔrtər ˈsɛʃənz," hi ɪkˈspleɪnd. "bət ˈdɛfənətli ɪts ˈsəmθɪŋ wi kʊd brɪŋ tɪ ˈmoʊbəl ɪn ə ˈvɛri səkˈsɛsfəl weɪ. "ɪts ˈtrɪki bɪˈkəz ˈmoʊbəl həz groʊn tɪ bi ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈplætˌfɔrm təˈdeɪ, ʤɪst ɪn tərmz əv ˌɪnˈstɔl beɪs." hi kənˈtɪnjud: "ðɛrz ə ˈvɛri əˈgrɛsɪv groʊθ ɪn saʊθ ist ˈeɪʒə, ʤəˈpæn, saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə ənd ˈʧaɪnə. ˈʧaɪnə ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə ˈvɛri strɔŋ ˈɛləmənt ɪn ɑr dɪˈsɪʒənˌmeɪkɪŋ naʊ. "ʧaɪˈniz ˈjuzərz ər nɑt ðə seɪm ɛz ˌjʊrəˈpiən ənd nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈjuzərz. dɑrk soʊlz ɪz nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ ðeɪd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ pleɪɪŋ, tɪ bi ˈɑnəst wɪθ ju. ɪts ˈdɪfəkəlt, bɪˈkəz wɪn wi brɪŋ ə geɪm tɪ ˈmoʊbəl wi hæv tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ˈɛvriˌbɑdi, nɑt ʤɪst ə fju ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ baɪ ðə geɪm. "ˈəðərˌwaɪz ju meɪk ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ənd sɛl ðə geɪm fər ðæts nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ wi wɔnt tɪ du tɪ bi ˈɑnəst bɪˈkəz wɪr ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt tu, θri, fɔr ˈmɪljən ˈdɔlər ˈrɛvəˌnuz. "ɪts ˈrɪli tu smɔl fər ə ˈkəmpəˌni, ənd fər ə ˈkəmpəˌni laɪk ˌbænˈdaɪ geɪmz ənd ə bɪg ˈfrænˌʧaɪz laɪk dɑrk soʊlz, ɪt ˈdəzənt meɪk ˈɛni sɛns." ˈleɪtəst ˈmoʊbəl riˈlis, rɪʤ ˈreɪsər slipstream*, ɪz əˈveɪləbəl naʊ ɔn ˈioʊs ənd ˈænˌdrɔɪd. wɔʧ ə ˈtreɪlər fər dɑrk soʊlz 2
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dark souls is not on mobile devices due to touch-screen controls, it has been revealed.
namco bandai's director of global strategy for mobile alex adjaj said the publisher is interested in a mobile entry, but it has proved "difficult" to convince developer from software.
namco bandai
"we'd like to bring dark souls to mobile, but it's very difficult because the guys at from software are very much console oriented," he told digital spy. "to change their mind about it, it takes quite a while.
"the leads on dark souls are saying we don't want to do mobile because the controls would have to be changed, and therefore it won't be dark souls anymore.
"at the same time, you have a growth in controllers for mobile. i think it's not an impossible case scenario to see a dark souls game coming to mobile at some point.
"but the truth is that the conversations we have with device manufacturers are saying the first control they want is glass, obviously, it's not controller or joystick. they want people to use glass to control the game, so it's a bit difficult, but we're getting there."
adjaj added that while it "could work incredibly well for mobile", namco bandai would have to take into account the tastes of different markets.
"i think there is a need to redesign the way you reroll in the game to make it a bit more casual, so with shorter sessions," he explained.
"but definitely it's something we could bring to mobile in a very successful way.
"it's tricky because mobile has grown to be the biggest platform today, just in terms of install base."
he continued: "there's a very aggressive growth in south east asia, japan, south korea and china. china is becoming a very strong element in our decision-making now.
"chinese users are not the same as european and north american users. dark souls is not something they'd enjoy playing, to be honest with you. it's difficult, because when we bring a game to mobile we have to think about everybody, not just a few willing to buy the game.
"otherwise you make something like xcom and sell the game for $19.99. that's not something we want to do to be honest - because we're talking about two, three, four million dollar revenues.
"it's really too small for a company, and for a company like namco bandai games and a big franchise like dark souls, it doesn't make any sense."
namco bandai's latest mobile release, ridge racer slipstream, is available now on ios and android.
watch a trailer for dark souls 2:
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ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt fər jɪrz naʊ, baʊ, ə ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ənd məˈtɪriəlz saɪəns prəˈfɛsər æt ˈstænfərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti, həz bɪn ˈkəmɪŋ əp wɪθ nu tɛkˈniks tɪ spid əp ðə ʧɑrʤ ˈkɛriər moʊˈbɪlɪti əv ɔrˈgænɪk trænˈzɪstərz, wɪʧ hæv ˈleɪbərd ˈəndər ˈpeɪnfəli sloʊ spidz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðɛr ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪn- ər ˈsɪləkən ˈkəzənz. ə ˈlɪtəl ˈoʊvər tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ, baʊ dɪˈvɛləpt ə streɪn tɛkˈnik məʧ laɪk ðət juzd ɪn ˈsɪləkən ʧɪps tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðə spid əv ɔrˈgænɪk ˌsɛmɪkənˈdəktərz. æt ðə taɪm, ɪt wɑz bɪˈlivd ðət ðə streɪn tɛkˈnik kʊd ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈfrikwənsiz æt wɪʧ ɔrˈgænɪk ˈsərkəts ˈɔpərˌeɪt baɪ ɛz məʧ ɛz fɔr taɪmz ðə reɪt əv ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ɔrˈgænɪk dɪˈvaɪsɪz. waɪl ˈivɪn ðət məʧ əv ən ˌɪnˈkris stɪl lɛft ðə ɔrˈgænɪk ˈsərkəts ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ æt ðə spid əv ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪn ˈsɪləkən ˈsərkəts, ðə hoʊp wɑz ðət ðə ədˈvæns hæd ˈoʊpənd əp ə pæθ təˈwɔrdz ʧip, ˈplæstɪk, ˈtiˈviz. naʊ baʊ ənd ˈkɑligz frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv nəˈbræskə æt ˈlɪŋkən hæv dɪˈvɛləpt ə nu tɛkˈnik ðət ðeɪ kleɪm kən reɪz ɔrˈgænɪk ˌsɛmɪkənˈdəktərz' ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ spidz tɪ ˈlɛvəlz əˈproʊʧɪŋ ðoʊz əv ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪz ðət kənˈtroʊl ðə ˈpɪksəlz ɪn ədˈvænst ˈtiˈviz. ədˈvænst ɔrˈgænɪk trænˈzɪstərz hæv əˈʧivd ˈkɛriər moʊˈbɪlɪti spidz bɪtˈwin 5 ənd 15 ˈsɛntəˌmitərz skwɛrd pər voʊlt ˈsɛkənd (cm2/vs*), əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ baʊ, wɪθ ˈtɪpɪkəl ɔrˈgænɪk trænˈzɪstərz steɪɪŋ æt əˈbaʊt reɪnʤ. ðə ɔrˈgænɪk trænˈzɪstərz ɪn ðiz ɪkˈspɛrəmənts wər nɑt ˈjunəˌfɔrm ɪn pərˈfɔrməns, bət ðɛr ˈkɛriər ˈkləstərd əraʊnd 43 (wɪθ wən haɪɛnd ˈaʊtlaɪər æt). ˌpɑliˈsɪlɪˌkɑn trænˈzɪstərz ˈtɪpɪkəli riʧ 100 wɪθ ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈrisərʧ ˈkleɪmɪŋ spidz əv 135-500cm2/vs*. soʊ, ə ˈkɛriər moʊˈbɪlɪti spid əv ɪz ˈsərtənli ɪn ðə ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri əv ˌpɑliˈsɪlɪˌkɑn trænˈzɪstərz ðə tɛkˈnik, wɪʧ ɪz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl ˈneɪʧər kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz moʊˈbɪlɪti trænˈspɛrənt ɔrˈgænɪk θɪn fɪlm trænˈzɪstərz groʊn baɪ ən method”*”) ˈfɑloʊz moʊst əv ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈmɛθəd fər kriˈeɪtɪŋ ɔrˈgænɪk θɪn fɪlm ə səˈluʃən əv ˈmɑləˌkjulz ənd ə ˈpɑləmər ɔn ə ˈspɪnɪŋ dɪsk meɪd əv glæs. ðə ˈnɑvəlti əv ðə nu tɛkˈnik ɪz ðət ðeɪ spɪn ðə dɪsk æt ə spid ðət ɪz ˈfæstər ðən ˈjuʒəwəl ənd koʊt ˈoʊnli ə smɔl ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˈsərfəs. ðə rɪˈzəlt ɪz ə ˈdɛnsər ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən ənd ə mɔr ˈrɛgjələr əˈlaɪnmənt əv ðə ɔrˈgænɪk ˈmɑləˌkjulz. ðɪs, ɪn tərn, jildz məʧ ˈfæstər ˈkɛriər moʊˈbɪlɪti ɪn ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ θɪn fɪlm trænˈzɪstərz. ðə ˈmɛθəd ɪz stɪl ˈhaɪli ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl æt ðɪs pɔɪnt. ðə ˈrisərʧərz, hu hæv dəbd ðɛr tɛkˈnik spɪn ˈkoʊtɪŋ," hæv jɛt tɪ geɪn ə haɪ ˈlɛvəl əv kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ðə əˈlaɪnmənt əv ðə ɔrˈgænɪk məˈtɪriəlz ər əˈʧiv ˈjunəˌfɔrm ˈkɛriər moʊˈbɪlɪti. dɪˈspaɪt ðiz ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz, ðə ˈrisərʧərz kleɪm ðət ðə trænˈspɛrənt θɪn fɪlm trænˈzɪstərz ðeɪv kriˈeɪtɪd pərˈfɔrm æt ˈlɛvəlz ˈkɑmprəbəl tɪ ðət əv ˌpɑliˈsɪlɪˌkɑn məˈtɪriəlz ˈkərəntli juzd ɪn ədˈvænst dɪˈspleɪz. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: hwɑŋ ənd juɑn
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for years now, zhenan bao, a chemical engineering and materials science professor at stanford university, has been coming up with new techniques to speed up the charge carrier mobility of organic transistors, which have labored under painfully slow speeds compared to their crystalline- or polycrystalline silicon cousins.
a little over two years ago, bao developed a strain technique much like that used in silicon chips to increase the speed of organic semiconductors. at the time, it was believed that the strain technique could increase the frequencies at which organic circuits operate by as much as four times the rate of existing organic devices.
while even that much of an increase still left the organic circuits operating at one-hundredth the speed of crystalline silicon circuits, the hope was that the advance had opened up a path towards cheap, plastic, high-resolution tvs.
now bao and colleagues from the university of nebraska at lincoln have developed a new technique that they claim can raise organic semiconductors' operating speeds to levels approaching those of the polysilicon-based devices that control the pixels in advanced tvs.
advanced research-stage organic transistors have achieved carrier mobility speeds between 5 and 15 centimeters squared per volt second (cm2/vs), according to bao, with typical organic transistors staying at about 1-2 cm2/vs range. the organic transistors in these experiments were not uniform in performance, but their carrier mobilities clustered around 43 cm2/vs (with one high-end outlier at 108cm2/vs). polysilicon transistors typically reach 100 cm2/vs , with the latest research claiming speeds of 135-500cm2/vs. so, a carrier mobility speed of 108cm2/vs is certainly in the territory of polysilicon transistors
the technique, which is described in the journal nature communications (“ultra-high mobility transparent organic thin film transistors grown by an off-centre spin-coating method”) follows most of the traditional method for creating organic thin film transistors—placing a solution of carbon-rich molecules and a polymer on a spinning disk made of glass. the novelty of the new technique is that they spin the disk at a speed that is faster than usual and coat only a small portion of the disk's surface.
the result is a denser concentration and a more regular alignment of the organic molecules. this, in turn, yields much faster carrier mobility in the resulting thin film transistors.
the stanford-nebraska method is still highly experimental at this point. the researchers, who have dubbed their technique "off-center spin coating," have yet to gain a high level of control over the alignment of the organic materials or achieve uniform carrier mobility.
despite these limitations, the researchers claim that the transparent thin film transistors they've created perform at levels comparable to that of polysilicon materials currently used in advanced displays.
photo: jinsong huang and yongbo yuan
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wɪθ ðə ˈrisənt stɑr ˈsɪti ˈoʊpən ʃoʊɪŋ ə ˈwɑpɪŋ əv deɪ tu tɪ bi dɛks ˈmɛni ər kraɪɪŋ aʊt fər bænz ər səˈʤɛstɪŋ ˈpipəl əp fər winter’*’. ɪt ɪz ɪn ðə mɪst əv ðɪs ˈtərˌmɔɪl ðət wən mæn əˈfreɪd tɪ goʊ əˈgɛnst ðə greɪn ənd spik aʊt əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpɑpjələr əˈpɪnjən hɛld baɪ səm əv ðə moʊst proʊˈlɪfɪk pleɪərz ˈɛvər tɪ sliv əp ən skyspawner*. ˈmɑrkəs ““hollywood”*” ˈrisəntli hæd ən ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ˈfɪnɪʃ æt hɪz ˈloʊkəl stɔr, goʊɪŋ ɪn ˈmɑdərn ənd, dɪˈspaɪt ˈmɛni proʊz seɪɪŋ ðət ˈtɛmpəl ɪz kəmˈplitli broken’*’, ˈmɑrkəs hæd nɑt ˈivɪn ə ˈsɪŋgəl saɪən ɪn hɪz ˌəndɪˈfitɪd 75 gæs rɪˈpɔrtərz kɔt əp wɪθ ðə ˈvɪʒəˌnɛri ənd hi hæd ðɪs tɪ seɪ ɔn hɪz ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv rən: ˈnɛvər pleɪd ðə deck’*’, aɪ min, ɪf ju wɪn wɪθ ə dɛk əv jʊr oʊn dɪˈzaɪn ðɛn ðə pɔɪnt? ɔn ðət ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈfraɪˌdeɪ aɪ wɑz pleɪɪŋ ə ˈspaɪsi ˈvæmpaɪr ˈtraɪbəl dɛk aɪ bɪlt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, aɪ θɪŋk ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli tir wən bət ɪt ˈsərtənli bits ə lɔt əv ðə bɛst ənd ɪz æt list tir ɪn ðə naʊ ˈɪnfəməs ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ ɪˈvɛnt ˈmɑrkəs feɪst ɔf ənd dɪˈspæʧt boʊθ faɪv ˈkələr sˈlɪvərz ənd ˈmoʊnoʊ waɪt ˈeɪnʤəlz, ˈkəmɪŋ hɑt ɔf əv hɪz raʊnd wən baɪ. ɪn hɪz ˈtʊrnəmənt rɪˈpɔrt, wɪʧ kən bi faʊnd æt /r/spikes*, hi wɛnt ɔn ə lɔŋ rænt æt idiots’*’ ðət ər fər bænz ənd ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ʤɪst nid tɪ pleɪ ðɛr oʊn dɛks, ðɛn si haʊ ˈizi ɪt ɪz tɪ krəʃ ðiz ˈstupɪd netdeckers.’*.’ ɪz maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈfɔrˌmæt, ə tru ˈpɛrəˌdaɪs ənd ˈɑnəstli ˈnɛvər bɪn ˈhɛlθiər! naʊ ðət ˈsplɪntər twɪn ɪz gɔn, brud əp 7 dɛks ðət ər ɔl ˈizəli strɔŋ ɪˈnəf tɪ teɪk daʊn ˈivɪn ðə moʊst kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv geɪm deɪ. wɪn ju si ɪˈvɛnts laɪk ðə stɑr ˈsɪti ˈoʊpənz ənd ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld tour’*’ ðɛr rɪˈzəlts ər soʊ skjud bɪˈkəz ˈɛvriˌwən ʤɪst ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈbɪldɪŋ ə dɛk, soʊ əv kɔrs ju si lɑts əv ðə seɪm strategy.”*.” wɪn æst ɪf hi hæd ˈtɛstɪd ˈvərsəz ðə dɛk, ˈmɑrkəs kənˈsidɪd ðət hi hæd ˈoʊnli pleɪd əˈgɛnst ɪt wəns ənd wʊd hæv wən ɪkˈsɛpt hɪz əˈpoʊnənts drɔz ɪn boʊθ geɪmz wər bullshit.’*.’ ˈkɑmɛnts
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with the recent star city open showing a whopping 47.7% of day two to be eldrazi decks many are crying out for bans or suggesting people ‘rug up for eldrazi winter’. it is in the midst of this turmoil that one man isn’t afraid to go against the grain and speak out against the popular opinion held by some of the most prolific players ever to sleeve up an eldrazi skyspawner.
marcus “hollywood” chirpson recently had an impressive finish at his local mtg store, going 3-0 in modern and, despite many pros saying that ‘eldrazi temple is completely broken’, marcus had not even a single scion in his undefeated 75.
gas reporters caught up with the visionary and he had this to say on his impressive run: “i’ve never played the ‘best deck’, i mean, if you can’t win with a deck of your own design then what’s the point? on that particular friday i was playing a spicy vampire tribal deck i built myself, i don’t think it’s necessarily tier one but it certainly beats a lot of the best netdecks and is at least tier 1.5-2.”
in the now infamous friday evening event marcus faced off and dispatched both five colour slivers and mono white angels, coming hot off of his round one bye. in his tournament report, which can be found at /r/spikes, he went on a long rant at ‘alarmist idiots’ that are clamouring for eldrazi bans and stated that ‘people just need to play their own decks, then they’ll see how easy it is to crush these stupid netdeckers.’
“modern is my favourite format, it’s a true brewer’s paradise – and honestly it’s never been healthier! now that splinter twin is gone, i’ve brewed up 7 decks that are all easily strong enough to take down even the most competitive game day. when you see events like the star city opens and the so-called ‘professional tour’ their results are so skewed because everyone just netdecks instead of actually building a deck, so of course you see lots of the same strategy.”
when asked if he had tested vs the eldrazi deck, marcus conceded that he had only played against it once and would have won except his opponents draws in both games were ‘fucking bullshit.’
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ðə ˈkænzəs faɪərz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ɪn steɪt ˈhɪstəri bərnd mɔr ðən ˈeɪkərz hir ɪn klɑrk ˈkaʊnti əˈloʊn. tɛn deɪz ˈleɪtər, ˈmɪstər. ˈgɑrdnər wɑz stɪl ˈbɛriɪŋ kaʊz ɔn hɪz rænʧ. wən baɪ wən, ən ˈɔrɪnʤ ˈloʊdər skupt ðɛm ɔf ðə bɛr ˈsændi sɔɪl ənd ˈtrəndəld ðɛm tɪ ə pɪt biɪŋ dəg baɪ ə ˈbæˌkhoʊ. ˈrænʧərz sɛd ðə ˈkætəl ðeɪ hæd lɔst wər wərθ mɔr ðən ðə ðeɪ kʊd fɛʧ æt ən ˈɔkʃən. iʧ kaʊ wɑz ən ˈɪnʤən ðət droʊv ðɛr fɑrmz ənd ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz, ˈgɪvɪŋ bərθ tɪ nu kævz ˈɛvəri jɪr ər prəˈdusɪŋ ˈɛmbriˌoʊz θru ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl ˌɪnˌsɛməˈneɪʃən ðət kʊd bi ˌɪmˈplæntɪd ˈɪntu ˈəðər kaʊz. ˈimərʤənsi ˈproʊˌgræmz rən baɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər wɪʧ ɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ 21 pərˈsɛnt kəts ˈəndər ˈmɪstər. ˈbəʤɪt prəˈpoʊzəl wɪl hɛlp ˈrænʧərz, əp tɪ ə pɔɪnt. wən prəˈvaɪdz əp tɪ pər ˈrænʧər fər rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ bərnd ˈfɛnsɪz. əˈnəðər ˈɔfərz əp tɪ fər ˈlaɪvˌstɑk ˈlɔsɪz. ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə faɪərz, ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪz ˈplænɪŋ ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ tɪ əˈnaʊns 6 ˈmɪljən ɪn eɪd tɪ əˈfɛktɪd ˈfɑrmərz ənd ˈrænʧərz tɪ hɛlp rɪˈstɔr ðɛr lænd, ˈwɔtər ənd ˈfɛnsɪz. bət æt əˈbaʊt pər maɪl, ˈmɪstər. ˈgɑrdnər sɛd, nu ˈfɛnsɪŋ əˈloʊn meɪ kɔst hɪz rænʧ əˈbaʊt 2 ˈmɪljən. hɪz ˈtoʊtəl ˈlɔsɪz kʊd riʧ 5 ˈmɪljən tɪ 10 ˈmɪljən. laɪk ˈmɛni ˈrænʧərz aʊt hir, hi hæd ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ɔn hɪz hoʊm ənd ɪkˈwɪpmənt, bət sɛd ˌɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ soʊ ˈmɛni ˈlaɪvˌstɑk ənd soʊ məʧ fɛns wɑz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbli ɪkˈspɛnsɪv. nɑt ˈæskɪŋ fər ˈfribiz here,”*,” hi sɛd. goʊɪŋ tɪ wərk ɑr teɪlz ɔf tɪ gɪt ðɪs θɪŋ riˈbɪlt. goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt ðə ˈblɪstərz ɔn ɑr hænz ənd roʊl əp ɑr slivz ənd du ðə labor.”*.” hi ˈædɪd, kʊd juz ə ˈlɪtəl help.”*.” ˈɛrən ˈsɔjərz, ən ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər ɪkˈstɛnʃən ˈeɪʤənt wɪθ ˈkænzəs steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti, gɑt soʊ ˈəpˌsɛt wɪθ ðə dɪˈleɪz ɪn ənd strɪŋz əˈtæʧt tɪ ˈgɪtɪŋ rɪˈlif, ənd wət hi kɔld ə ˈlæˌkləstər rɪˈspɑns frəm ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ðət hi roʊt ə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk poʊst ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈərʤɪŋ frɛndz tɪ bərɑʒ ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz tɪ ˈlusən əp ˈgəvərnmənt ˈməni fər ˈrænʧərz tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ˈfɛnsɪz ənd riˈbɪld ðɛr ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd hərdz.
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the kansas fires — the largest in state history — burned more than 400,000 acres here in clark county alone. ten days later, mr. gardiner was still burying cows on his family’s ranch. one by one, an orange loader scooped them off the bare sandy soil and trundled them to a pit being dug by a backhoe.
ranchers said the cattle they had lost were worth more than the $2,000 they could fetch at an auction. each cow was an engine that drove their farms and finances, giving birth to new calves every year or producing embryos through artificial insemination that could be implanted into other cows.
emergency programs run by the federal department of agriculture — which is facing 21 percent cuts under mr. trump’s budget proposal — will help ranchers, up to a point. one provides up to $200,000 per rancher for replacing burned fences. another offers up to $125,000 for livestock losses. in response to the fires, the department is planning on tuesday to announce $6 million in aid to affected farmers and ranchers to help restore their land, water and fences.
but at about $10,000 per mile, mr. gardiner said, new fencing alone may cost his ranch about $2 million. his total losses could reach $5 million to $10 million. like many ranchers out here, he had insurance on his home and equipment, but said insuring so many livestock and so much fence was impossibly expensive.
“we’re not asking for freebies here,” he said. “we’re going to work our tails off to get this thing rebuilt. we’re going to get the blisters on our hands and roll up our sleeves and do the labor.”
he added, “we could use a little help.”
aaron sawyers, an agriculture extension agent with kansas state university, got so upset with the delays in and strings attached to getting relief, and what he called a lackluster response from washington, that he wrote a facebook post on tuesday urging friends to barrage lawmakers to loosen up government money for ranchers to replace fences and rebuild their devastated herds.
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tɪz ðə ˈsizən fər baɪɪŋ ˈprɛzənts. ɛz ju pəruz jʊr ˈloʊkəl mɔl, ju maɪt faɪnd ˈjɔrsɛlf drɔn tɪ ˈbjutəfəl ˌʤiəˈmɛtrɪk ˈpætərnz ɪn ˈvaɪbrənt ˈkələrz, lɔŋ əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ rəgz, ˈpɛndəltən trade”*” ˈblæŋkəts, ənd ˌsaʊθˈwɛst ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpɑtəri. bi ˈɛvriˌwɛr ju lʊk, ɔn sˈnikərz, ˈpraɪsi ˈhændˌbægz, hoʊm ˈdeɪkɔr, ənd skərts, koʊts, ənd ˈʤækɪts. bət ˈmɛni ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz ər lɛs ðən θrɪld ðət ðɪs ˈsoʊˈkɔld look”*” ɪz ˈtrɛndi raɪt naʊ. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni stərd əp ðə moʊst ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi soʊ fɑr ɪz ˈərbən ˈaʊtˌfɪtərz, wɪʧ ˈɔfərd ə ““navajo”*” laɪn ðɪs fɔl (ˈaɪtəmz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə ˈhɪpstər panty”*” ənd prɪnt ˈfæbrɪk ræpt flask”*”) ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ ˈneɪʃən sɛnt ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ə sis ənd dɪˈzɪst ˈɔrdər ðət fɔrst ɪt tɪ riˈneɪm ɪts ˈprɑdəkts. fərˈɛvər 21 ənd dɪˈzaɪnər ˈɪzəˌbɛl ˈɔlsoʊ mɪst ðə ˈmɛˌmoʊ ðət ðə traɪb həz ə ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk ɔn ɪts neɪm; θæŋks tɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈɪndiən ɑrts ənd kræfts ækt əv 1990 ˌɪˈligəl tɪ kleɪm ə ˈprɑdəkt ɪz meɪd baɪ ə ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən wɪn ɪt ɪz nɑt. problem,”*,” sɪz ˈʤɛsɪkə ɑr. ˈmɛtkəlf, ə ˈtərtəl ˈmaʊntən ˈʧɪpəˌwɑ ənd ˈdɔktər əv ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈstədiz hu ˈtiʧɪz æt ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd blɔgz əˈbaʊt ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfæʃən dɪˈzaɪnərz æt bɪɔnd ˈbəkˌskɪn, ðət ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪt aʊt ðɛr ɛz ɪz ðə native,’*,’ ər ɪz native-inspired’*’. soʊ naʊ ju hæv ˈnɑˈneɪtɪv ˈpipəl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈkəlʧər. ðət, əv kɔrs, gɪts ˈtaɪrɪŋ, bɪˈkəz ðɪs həz bɪn ˈhæpənɪŋ sɪns ðə gʊd oʊld deɪz əv ðə ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈwɛstərn ɪn ðə ənd ’40s*, wɛr ðeɪ haɪərd ˈnɑˈneɪtɪv ˈæktərz ənd drɛst ðɛm əp ɛˈsɛnʃəli ɪn redface*. ˈɪʃu naʊ ɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli hu gɪts tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈneɪtɪv americans,”*,” ˈmɛtkəlf sɪz, ˈɔlsoʊ hu gɪts tɪ profit.”*.” lænd, ɑr ˈmɑkəsɪnz, ɑr ˈhɛdˌdrɛsəz, ənd ɑr riˈlɪʤənz ɪˈnəf? ju ˈgɑtə goʊ ənd teɪk ˈpɛndəltən dɪˈzaɪnz, too?”*?” əv kɔrs, ðɪs ɪz nɑt ðə fərst taɪm ˈwɛstərn ˈfæʃən həz əˈproʊpriˌeɪtɪd ˈɪmɪʤri ɪn ðə neɪm əv ɛsˈθɛtɪks, ɛz ˈfæʃən hɪˈstɔriən ˈlɪzi ˈbræmlɪt pɔɪnts aʊt ɪn hər blɔg, ðə ˈvɪntɪʤ ˈtrævələr. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ˈpætərn wi θɪŋk əv ɛz moʊst ˈkɑmənli sin ɔn wəns ə ˈhoʊli ˈsɪmbəl əv ðə ɪn ˈpərʒə. ənd θruaʊt ˈfæʃən ˈhɪstəri, dɪˈzaɪnərz hæv bɪn sˈwaɪpɪŋ moʊˈtifs frəm ˈəðər ˈʧaɪnə ənd ʤəˈpæn ɪn vɪkˈtɔriən taɪmz, ˈiʤɪpt ɪn ðə 1920s*, ənd wɛst ˈæfrɪkɑ ənd ˈlætən əˈmɛrɪkə ɪn ðə ’60s*. bət ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz hæv ə juˈnik pleɪs ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. təˈdeɪ, ˈmɛni ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən kəmˈjunɪtiz ər stɪl ˈrilɪŋ frəm ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˌkɑlənɪˈzeɪʃən, wɪʧ ˈstɑrtɪd wɪn waɪt ˌjʊrəˈpiənz fərst ˌɪnˈveɪdɪd ðɛr ˈhoʊmˌlændz ənd kənˈtɪnjud ɛz ðə ˈkɑlənɪsts ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə nu ˈɔrdər ənd rɪˈpitɪdli əˈtɛmptəd tɪ dɪsˈmænəl ðə ˈneɪtɪv ˈkəlʧərz. ðət ðɪs ˌdɪsˈmæntlɪŋ ʃʊd kənˈtɪnju æt ðə mɔl kən bi əˈspɛʃəli ˌdɪsˈhɑrtnɪŋ. ˈivɪn ˈpɛndəltən, wɪʧ həz ˈfɑstərd wɔrm riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ˈvɛriəs ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən kəmˈjunɪtiz sɪns ɪt bɪˈgæn prəˈdusɪŋ wʊl ˈɪndiən treɪd ˈblæŋkəts mɔr ðən ə ˈsɛnʧəri əˈgoʊ, həz reɪzd ə bɪt əv aɪr wɪθ ɪts nu ˌkɑləbərˈeɪʃənz ənd kəˈlɛkʃənz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ əˈpil tɪ ə brɔd, ɪf well-heeled*, ˈɔdiəns. ˈleɪtəst ˈfɔreɪ ˈɪntu jəŋ, ˈərbən ˈfæʃən ɪz ɪts fɔl 2011 ˈpɔrtlənd kəˈlɛkʃən, fərst əˈveɪləbəl ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər. fər ðə laɪn, ðə ˈpætərnz ənd ˈfæbrɪks juzd ɪn ðə ˈɪndiən treɪd ˈblæŋkəts wər ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ˈɪntu haɪɛnd ˈkɑkˌteɪl ˈdrɛsɪz, ˈkɑrdɪgənz, ənd bɪg koʊts ˈkəvərɪŋ ðə waɪt ˈmɑdəlz laɪk səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd (ˈmɑdəlz ˈwɛrɪŋ ðə koʊts ər ˈpɪkʧərd æt tɔp). waɪl ðiz θɪŋz ər ˈtrɛndi ənd ðə now,”*,” ˈpɛndəltən ˈblæŋkəts hæv ə məʧ mɔr ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt pleɪs ɪn ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkəlʧər. ɪn ðə 1992 bʊk, əv ðə robe,”*,” reɪn ˈpɛrɪʃ, ə ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ ˌænθrəˈpɑləʤɪst, ˈraɪtər, ˈɑrtɪst, ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈkjʊrətər æt ˈsænə ˈwiˌlraɪt mˈjuziəm əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɪndiən, ɪkˈspleɪnz ðət hər ˈfæməli ənd frɛndz ˈɔlˌweɪz kəm tɪ ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ ˈsɛrəˌmoʊniz ənd ˈdænsɪz ræpt ɪn ðɛr ˈpɛndəltən ˈblæŋkəts. ðə laɪt frəm ðə faɪər ˌɪˈluməˌneɪtəd ðə ˈmuvɪŋ ˈbɑdiz ənd ˈblæŋkəts, ðə sˈwərlɪŋ ʃeɪps, laɪnz, ˈpætərnz, ənd ˈkələrz spræŋ tɪ laɪf. aɪ noʊ ˈlɔŋgər sɔ ˈblæŋkəts, bət ˈrəðər ðə fəˈmɪljər dɪˈzaɪnz əv ðə ˈhoʊli ˈpipəl ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ laɪf frəm ðə sænd ˈpeɪnɪŋz. aɪ sɔ ˈmuvɪŋ klaʊdz, gloʊɪŋ ˈsənˌsɛts, striks əv ˈlaɪtnɪŋ, ˈreɪnˌboʊ ˈgɑdəsɪz, ˈseɪkrɪd ˈmaʊntənz, hɔrnd toʊdz, ənd ˈɪmɪʤɪz laɪk ˈdɛzərt ˈdænsɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr maɪ aɪz. ˈblæŋkəts ər ˈɔfən ðə ˈʧoʊzən gift,”*,” ˈpɛrɪʃ kənˈtɪnjuz. ˈwɛlkəm ɑr ˈʧɪldrən wɪθ ə ˈhænˈmeɪd kwɪlt ər ə smɔl ˈpɛndəltən ˈblæŋkɪt ɛz wi ræp ðɛm ɪn ɑr prɛrz. fər ɑr jəŋ mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən, wi ˈsɛləˌbreɪt ðə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən ˈɪntu əˈdəlˌthʊd, baɪ ˈdɪsəplən, ˈvæljuz, ækˈnɑlɪʤmənt, ənd gɪfts. ɛz ðeɪ laɪ ɔn ə θɪk bɛd əv ˈpɛndəltən ˈblæŋkəts, wi məˈsɑʒ ðɛr ˈbɑdiz fər gʊd hɛlθ. fər ə ˈmɛrɪʤ, ðə ˈbɑdi ɪz dreɪpt wɪθ ə ˈpɛndəltən ʃɔl, ðə wɪθ ə ˈpɛndəltən roʊb. ɛz wi muv ˈɪntu oʊld eɪʤ, wi peɪ ˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə ˈspɪrɪt wərld wɪθ ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni, prɛrz, ənd gɪfts. ˈɔfən wi ˈbɛri ɑr ˈpipəl wɪθ ðɛr ˈspɛʃəl pəˈzɛʃənz ənd ˈbjutəfəl ˈpɛndəltən blankets.”*.” dɪz ðət meɪk ðə hɪp, kuˈtʊr ˈpɔrtlənd kəˈlɛkʃən ðə seɪm sɔrt əv ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən əv ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkəlʧər ɛz ðə ˈərbən ˈaʊtˌfɪtər ““navajo”*” laɪn? wɛr ɪt gɪts ˈtrɪki: ˈpɛndəltən ˈblæŋkəts, waɪl ˈmɑrkətɪd tɪ ənd əˈdɑptəd baɪ traɪbz əˈkrɔs ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, wər nɑt ərˈɪʤənəli dɪˈzaɪnd ər ˌmænjəˈfækʧərd baɪ ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz. soʊ tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə dəˈbeɪt əˈbaʊt ðə pleɪs əv wət wi əˈsum ɪz ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˌaɪkəˈnɑgrəfi ɪn kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈfæʃən, ju hæv tɪ lʊk æt ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈɪndiən treɪd ˈblæŋkɪt. dip ɪn ðə ˌsaʊθˈwɛst, ɛz ˈərli ɛz 1050 ðə pˈwɛbloʊ ˈpipəl hæd dɪˈvɛləpt tɛkˈniks ɔn ˈvərtɪkəl lumz. bət ðə ˈspænɪʃ conquistadors*, hu ˌɪnˈveɪdɪd ðə ɪn ðə 1500s*, hæd meɪd ðɛr mɑrk ɔn ðə ˈneɪtɪv ˈwivɪŋ kræft baɪ ðə 1600s*, sin ɪn ðə juz əv wʊl ənd ˈɪndɪˌgoʊ daɪz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈsɪmpəl straɪp ˈpætərnz. baɪ 1650 ðə pˈwɛbloʊ ˈɪndiənz hæd tɔt ðɛr treɪd tɪ ðə ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ, hu ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli dɪˈvɛləpt ðɛr oʊn dɪˈstɪŋkt ˈwivɪŋ staɪl. ðeɪ tʊk ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən frəm ðə lænd, ənd kriˈeɪtɪd ˌʤiəˈmɛtrɪk ʃeɪps tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə θɪŋz ðeɪ sɔ, laɪk ˈmaʊntənz, klaʊdz, aʊlz, ənd ˈtərtəlz. noʊ ðət ðə ˈblæŋkəts, əˈspɛʃəli ðə ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ ˈblæŋkəts, wər ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ðə wərld əraʊnd them,”*,” ˈmɛtkəlf sɪz, ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðət ðiz ˈblæŋkəts hæd ə ˈstɔri. ““sometimes*, ðɛr wər ˈrɛfərənsɪz tɪ ðə ʤiˈɑgrəfi, bət ðeɪ wər abstracted.”*.” traɪbz ɪn ðə ˌnɔrˈθist æt ðə taɪm rɪˈlaɪd ɔn ˈænəməl haɪdz tɪ kip wɔrm. waɪ, ɪn ðə leɪt 1700s*, ˈɪnsəˌleɪtɪŋ ənd ˈwɔtərrɪˈpɛlənt ˌjʊrəˈpiən wʊl ˈblæŋkəts bɪˈkeɪm ðə moʊst ˈkəvətɪd ˈbɑrtər ˈaɪtəmz fər ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈtreɪdɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈhədsən beɪ ˈkəmpəˌni ɪn ˈkænədə. ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr əv ðiz wɑz ˈhədsən off-white*, ˈpɔɪntɪd blanket,”*,” straɪpt wɪθ bændz əv ˈkoʊˌbɔlt, goʊld, rɛd, ənd grin ɔn ˈiðər ɛnd. ɪn ðə leɪt 1880s*, wɪn ðə ˈreɪˌlroʊd ˈfaɪnəli ˈoʊpənd ðə ˌsaʊθˈwɛst ənd ðə rɛst əv ðə 1803 luˌiziˈænə ˈpərʧəs tɪ ist koʊst ˈtʊrɪsts, waɪt əˈmɛrɪkənz wər ɛnˈʧænɪd wɪθ ðə ˈbjutəfəl ˌʤiəˈmɛtrɪk ˈpætərnz juzd ɪn ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ ˈblæŋkəts. ðə vɪkˈtɔriənz wʊd teɪk ðiz ˈblæŋkəts bæk tɪ ðɛr ˈoʊvərˌstəft hoʊmz ənd juz ðɛm ɛz rəgz. ˈtreɪdərz, ˈsɛnsɪŋ ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɑpərˈtunəti, ɪnˈkərəʤd ðə ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ tɪ wiv ðiz θroʊz wɪθ ˈstrɔŋgər məˈtɪriəlz ənd mɔr mˈjutɪd ˈkələrz ˈsutəbəl fər ðə flɔr. ðɛn, ɪn 1895 ə ˈwʊlən mɪl ˈoʊpənd ɪn ðə ˈɔrəˌgɑn taʊn əv ˈpɛndəltən tɪ sɛl ˈblæŋkəts ənd roʊbz tɪ ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən traɪbz. ðə mɪl wɛnt aʊt əv ˈbɪznɪs, bət ɪn 1909 ˈbrəðərz ˈklɛrəns, rɔɪ, ənd ˈʧɔnsi ˈbɪʃəp, hu keɪm frəm ə ˈfæməli əv ˈwivərz ənd ˌɑntrəprəˈnərz, riˈoʊpənd ðə fəˈsɪlɪti ɛz ˈpɛndəltən ˈwʊlən mɪlz. ˈɪʃu naʊ ɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli hu gɪts tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz, bət ˈɔlsoʊ hu gɪts tɪ profit.”*.” ɪmˈplɔɪɪŋ ðə lum tɛkˈnɑləʤi fərst ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd tɪ ðə juz. ɪn ðə 1830s*, ˈpɛndəltən ənd ˈəðər nu juz. mɪlz wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ meɪk ˈblæŋkəts wɪθ ˈstənɪŋ ˈkələrz ənd ˈpætərnz. ˈnæʧərəli, ɔl ðə ðiz wʊl ˈkəmpəˌniz lʊkt æt ðə ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz, hu hæd æt ðɪs pɔɪnt əˈdæptɪd wʊl ˈblæŋkəts, ˈɔfən straɪpt ər plæd, ɛz ə pɑrt əv ðɛr ˈsɛrəˌmoʊniz ənd raɪts əv ˈpæsɪʤ, ənd sɔ ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti. tɪ ˈkrɛdɪt, ɪts lum ˈɑrtəzən ʤoʊ spɛnt ə lɔt əv kˈwɑləti taɪm wɪθ ðə ˈloʊkəl traɪbz, səʧ ɛz ðə nɛz pərs, tɪ lərn wət ˈkələrz ənd ˈpætərnz wʊd əˈpil tɪ ðɛm moʊst. ɛz ə saɪd noʊt, ðə nɛz pərs moʊst əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə brænd, ʧif ˈʤoʊzəf, hu ˌhɪˈroʊɪkli stʊd əp əˈgɛnst ðə juz. ˈgəvərnmənt fər jɪrz, hæd ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt wɪθ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. hi wɑz ˈfoʊtəˌgræft baɪ ˈmeɪʤər li ˈmɔˌrhaʊs ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈpɛndəltən ˈblæŋkəts ɪn 1901 bət əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈrɑbərt ʤeɪ., ˈmænɪʤər əv hoʊm dɪˈvɪʒən, ðət wɑz ɪkˈstɛnt əv ʧif riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ pendleton.”*.” ˈərli ˈblæŋkəts wər baɪ ðə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ nɛz pərs, soʊ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni sɛnt ɪm ɔn ə tʊr əv ðə ˌsaʊθˈwɛst, wɛr hi lɪvd wɪθ ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ, ˈzuˌni, ənd ˈhoʊpi tɪ faɪnd aʊt wət ˈblæŋkɪt dɪˈzaɪnz ðoʊz traɪbz wʊd prɪˈfər. hi rɪˈtərnd wɪθ ˈhənərdz əv aɪˈdiəz. ““baskets*, ˈpɑtəri, ˈwivɪŋz, ənd rɪˈgeɪljə ɔl ˌɪnˈspaɪərd joe,”*,” sɪz. ˈblæŋkɪt dɪˈzaɪnz wər ə ˈblɛndɪŋ əv ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz ənd ˈkələrz ʤoʊ sɔ wɪθ hɪz oʊn dɪˈzaɪn aesthetic.”*.” ə ˈkreɪzi mɪks ˈɛni weɪ ju lʊk æt it.”*.” səm maɪt seɪ ðət wɑz ˈsɪmpli ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ðə ˈbjuti əv ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ɑrts ənd kræfts, ənd hi hoʊpt tɪ juz hɪz skɪlz tɪ meɪk ˈbjutəfəl ˈblæŋkəts ðə wʊd ləv. ənd ɪn ðət, hi səkˈsidɪd. ˈəðərz maɪt ˈɑrgju ðət ðɪs wɑz ən ˈərli ənd slaɪ ˈvərʒən əv ˈkəlʧərəl ˈθivəri. ə sˈlɪpəri sloʊp. ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ˈpɛndəltən ˈmɑrkətɪd ðə ˈblæŋkəts tɪ ˈvɛriəs ˈneɪtɪv kəmˈjunɪtiz, bət ðə dɪˈzaɪnz ðɛmˈsɛlvz ər nɑt authentic,”*,” sɪz ˈbræmlɪt, ə ˈfaʊndɪŋ ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈvɪntɪʤ ˈfæʃən gɪld. aɪˈrɑnɪk ɪz ðət ðə ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ wər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈblæŋkəts fər ðə waɪt ˈtʊrɪst treɪd, ənd ˈpɛndəltən wɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈblæŋkəts tɪ sɛl tɪ ðə ˈneɪtɪv kəmˈjunɪtiz. kaɪnd əv ə wɪrd twɪst, bət ðə weɪ ɪt wɑz. ðə ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ dɪˈzaɪnz wər nɑt ˈivɪn trəˈdɪʃənəl designs,”*,” ʃi kənˈtɪnjuz. lɔt əv ðə moʊˈtifs ðət ðeɪ juzd wər ˈmɛksəkən ˌɪnˈspaɪərd. ər wɪn ˈtreɪdərz keɪm tɪ ðɛm wɪθ ˌɔriˈɛnəl rəgz, juz ðɛm ɛz ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən. soʊ ðɛr ər ˌɔriˈɛnəl moʊˈtifs ɪn səm ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ ˈwivɪŋz, tu. ʤɪst ə ˈkreɪzi mɪks ˈɛni weɪ ju lʊk æt ɪt. gɑt ðə ˈpɛndəltən ˈblæŋkəts wɪʧ ər ə ˈmɪksʧər əv ˈneɪtɪv ənd ˈnɑˈneɪtɪv ˈkələrz ənd moʊˈtifs. ðɛn gɑt ðə ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ ˈblæŋkəts, wɪʧ ər ðə seɪm way.”*.” wət wi du noʊ ɪz ðət ˈpɛndəltən ˈblæŋkəts wər ə hɪt, ənd kˈwɪkli bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈsteɪpəl əv laɪf fər ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkəntri. ðeɪ wər juzd æt ˈpaʊˌwaʊz ənd raɪts əv ˈpæsɪʤ, ɛz ˈtrɛʒərd gɪfts, ɛz ə minz əv nɑnˈvərbəl kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən. ““personally*, wɪn aɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðət ˈhɪstəri, aɪ θɪŋk ə ˈrɪli kul, ðə fækt ðət ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ɪt ʤɪst ˈpɛndəltən, ðɛr wər ˈəðər ˈwʊlən mɪlz ɛz bɪˈkəz ðə ˈmɑrkɪt fər ðɪs ˈaɪtəm wɑz soʊ strɔŋ ɪn ˈneɪtɪv communities,”*,” ˈmɛtkəlf sɪz. ˈblæŋkəts wər ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd raɪt əˈweɪ ˈɪntu ɑr ˈsɛrəˌmoʊniz. ˈpɛndəltən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət ˈdɪfərənt kəmˈjunɪtiz ənd ˈdɪfərənt traɪbz hæd ˈdɪfərənt ˈprɛfərənsɪz fər dɪˈzaɪnz ər ˈkələrz. ənd ðɛn ðeɪ kriˈeɪtɪd ˈblæŋkəts ðət ˈdɪfərənt kəmˈjunɪtiz wʊd like.”*.” æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ˈpɛndəltən ˈɔlsoʊ soʊld ðə ˈblæŋkəts tɪ waɪt ˈpipəl ɛz ɪgˈzɑtɪk ˈaɪtəmz fər ðɛr hoʊmz. ju lʊk bæk æt ðə ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ əv ðə deɪ, vague,”*,” ˈbræmlɪt sɪz. kəm raɪt aʊt ənd seɪ, ɪz ən əˈθɛnɪk ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ design,’*,’ bət ðeɪ kʊd lɛd ju tɪ bɪˈliv ðət. ðeɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðɛr wɑz ə ˈmɑrkɪt fər ˈnɑˈneɪtɪv ˈpipəl tɪ juz ðiz ɪn ðɛr hoʊmz. hɛk, ðeɪ wər ɪn ˈbɪznɪs tɪ sɛl ˈblæŋkəts. ðeɪ kɛr hu bɔt them.”*.” ɔl əv ðɪs tɪ seɪ, ˈvɛri hɑrd tɪ pɑrs aʊt ðə ˈprɑpər ˈkrɛdɪt fər ðiz ““native”*” ˈtɛkˌstaɪl ˈpætərnz ˈpɑpjələrˌaɪzd baɪ ˈpɛndəltən ənd əˈloʊn wɪn ðɪs əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃən fərst ˈhæpənd. ɪn ðə ˈərli ˈsɛnʧəri, ˈpɛndəltən ˈblæŋkəts simd ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈkɑmpləmənts tɪ ðə ˈrəstɪk, spɛr staɪl əv ðə ɑrts ənd kræfts ˈmuvmənt, ənd baɪ ðə ˈərli 1910s*, sɪz ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ɪkˈspændɪŋ ðiz ˈpætərnz tɪ kaʊʧ ˈkəvərz, rəgz, ənd roʊbz. ˈleɪtər, ðeɪ wər əˈdɑptəd baɪ ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz ənd kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv hɔrs ˈraɪdərz ɛz ˈsædəl ˈblæŋkəts. taɪm wɪn ˈpɛndəltən keɪm ˈɪntu ɪgˈzɪstəns, ðə 1900s*, wɑz ðə ˌɔlˈtaɪm loʊ fər ˈneɪtɪv communities,”*,” ˈmɛtkəlf sɪz. ɪz æt ðə haɪt əv ðə ˌrɛzərˈveɪʃən ˈɪrə, wɪn wi wər kənˈfaɪnd, wi wər ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈprɪzənərz ɔn ðiz smɔl plɑts əv lænd. bət ɪn ðət seɪm brɛθ, waɪl ɑr ˈkəlʧərz wər ˈəndər θrɛt frəm ðɪs ˈaʊtˈsaɪd fɔrs, wɪn wi tərnd ˌɪnˈtərnəli tɪ prəˈtɛkt wət wi hæd, ənd wi ˈɔlsoʊ gɪt səm əv ðə moʊst ˈbjutəfəl ˈbidˌwərk ənd moʊst ˈbjutəfəl ˈʤuəlri ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt əv ðət ˈpɪriəd əv greɪt strɛs. wɪθ ðət greɪt əˌsɪməˈleɪʃən ˈmuvmənt wɑz ðə haɪt əv kəˈlɛktɪŋ. ðə leɪt wɑz wɪn ə lɔt əv ɑr stəf lɛft ɑr kəmˈjunɪtiz. ɔn ðə wən hænd, ju hæv ðɪs pʊʃ fər traɪɪŋ tɪ əbˈzɔrb ər gɪt rɪd əv ˈɪndiən problem.’*.’ ðɛn, ðeɪ wər ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔl əv ðə ˈaɪtəmz ðət ɪmˈbɑdi ðət ˈkəlʧər, tɪ kəˈlɛkt ðɛm ənd pʊt ðɛm ɪn mˈjuziəmz ənd kleɪm ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ɔn them.”*.” ɪn ðə ənd ’80s*, tɔp əˈmɛrɪkən dɪˈzaɪnər rælf ˈlɔrən bɪˈkeɪm ɛˈnæmərd wɪθ ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ rəgz, pleɪnz ˈbidˌwərk, ənd əˈpæʧi ˈpɑtəri. hi lɔnʧt hɪz ˈsænə feɪ laɪn əv ˈkloʊðɪŋ ˈfiʧərɪŋ ˈkɑnʧə bɛlts, ˈpɛtiˌkoʊt skərts, patterned”*” sˈwɛtərz, ənd ˈblæŋkɪt ˈʤækɪts ɪn 1981 ɛz əˈnəðər dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ˈæˌspɛkt əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkəlʧər. ɪn ðə 1990s*, ðə ˈpɛndəltən ənd ˈəðər ˈneɪtɪv dɪˈzaɪnz swɛld ɪn ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti əˈgɛn wɪθ ðə rɪˈtərn əv ““southwest”*” staɪl ənd raɪz əv country”*” mˈjuzɪk. ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, ˈpɛndəltən həz bɪn goʊɪŋ tɪ taʊn wɪθ ˌkɑləbərˈeɪʃənz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ˈɪndiən treɪd ˈblæŋkɪt ˈpætərnz. ɪt hæd soʊld ðiz ˈpætərnz tɪ vænz, ˈfeɪməs fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃuz; prəˈdust laɪnz wɪθ mænˈhætən kuˈtʊr ˈkəmpəˌni ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni; ənd ɪt ɪz ˈivɪn ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈprɑdəkts θru ˈərbən ˈaʊtˌfɪtərz. wɪθ, ˈpɛndəltən lɔnʧt ə laɪn əv ʤin ˈʤækɪts ənd ˈkaʊˌbɔɪ ʃərts kɔld ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz, ˈhaɪrɪŋ ˈnɑvəˌhoʊ ˈroʊdiˌoʊ ˈʧæmpiənz laɪk ˈmɑnɪkə ˈjæzi ɛz ˈmɑdəlz. ˈrizən waɪ ˈpɛndəltən wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðə ˈoʊnli ˈwʊlən mɪl ðət bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr ˌdɛdəˈkeɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈneɪtɪv kəmˈjunɪtiz ənd ˈriəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈneɪtɪv ˈpipəl wər ðɛr meɪn market,”*,” ˈmɛtkəlf sɪz. ˈblæŋkɪt fər ˈjuˈɛs həz bɪˈkəm əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ aɪˈdiə əv ˈneɪtɪv praɪd, əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ əˈʧivmənt, kəmˈjunɪti, ənd kəmˈjunɪti ˈsərvɪs. ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈfæʃən sin, duɪŋ ðiz ˌkɑləbərˈeɪʃənz, ənd ɪt ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ə smɑrt muv fər ðɛm, ɛz ə ˈbɪznɪs. bət wi fil laɪk wi hæv səm ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp wɪθ ðɪs ˈkəmpəˌni, ənd wi du kˈwɛʃən ˈwɛðər ˈstɛpɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm ðɛr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ us.”*.” fər səm, laɪk ˈʧɛrəˌki ˈraɪtər ənd ph.d*. ˈkænədɪt ɑdriˈɛn keɪ., hu blɔgz æt ˈneɪtɪv əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃənz, kənfˈjuzɪŋ ənd ˈsædənɪŋ tɪ si hər bɪˈləvəd ˈpɛndəltən ˈsɛlɪŋ ˈstaɪˌlaɪzd ˈprɑdəkts tɪ ˈwɛlθi jəŋ hu ər ɛz riˈmuvd frəm ðə ˈneɪtɪv weɪ əv laɪf ɛz ˈɛni əˈmɛrɪkən kʊd bi. ˈhɪpstərz mɑrʧ daʊn ðə strit ɪn ˈpɛndəltən kloʊðz, siɪŋ ðiz ˈblɔgərz u ənd ɑ ˈoʊvər haʊ ‘‘cute’*’ ðiz dɪˈzaɪnz ər, ənd siɪŋ ˈnɑˈneɪtɪv ˈmɑdəlz ɔl ræpt əp ɪn ˈpɛndəltən ˈblæŋkəts meɪks mi upset,”*,” ʃi raɪts. ə ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ˈfilɪŋ, bɪˈkəz aɪ fil ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ˈoʊvər ðiz dɪˈzaɪnz ɛz ə ˈneɪtɪv ˈpərsən, bət ɔn ə ˈræʃənəl ˈlɛvəl aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ðeɪ ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ɑrz tɪ kleɪm. tɪ mi, ɪt ʤɪst filz laɪk wən mɔr θɪŋ ˈnɑˈneɪtɪvz kən teɪk frəm ɑr lænd, ɑr ˈmɑkəsɪnz, ɑr ˈhɛdˌdrɛsəz, ɑr beading*, ɑr riˈlɪʤənz, ɑr neɪmz, ɑr ˈkəlʧərz ɪˈnəf? ju ˈgɑtə goʊ ənd teɪk ˈpɛndəltən dɪˈzaɪnz, too?”*?” ˈmɛtkəlf sɪz əbˈzərvd, tɪ hər əmˈjuzmənt, ðət ðə vænz kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən həz bɪn ə bɪg hɪt wɪθ ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən kəmˈjunɪtiz, bət ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni laɪn ɪz dɪsˈmɪst ɛz rɪˈdɪkjələs. fər ɑdriˈɛn keɪ., ðə ˌstrætəsˈfɪrɪk ˈpraɪsɪz əv ðə ˈpɛndəltən ˈaɪtəmz ʤɪst ædz ˈɪnʤəri tɪ ˌɪnˈsəlt. ðə hoʊl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪʃu əv it,”*,” ʃi raɪts. dɪˈzaɪnz ər ɪkˈspɛnsɪv. ðə nu ˈpɔrtlənd kəˈlɛkʃən ˈreɪnʤɪz frəm 48 fər ə taɪ tɪ ˈoʊvər 700 fər ə koʊt. ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni kəˈlɛkʃən wɑz ˈikwəli, ɪf nɑt mɔr, ˈkɔstli. ɪt ˈɔlˌmoʊst filz laɪk ˈrəbɪŋ sɔlt ɪn ðə wund, wɪn ˈpɑvərti ɪz ˈræmpənt ɪn ˈmɛni ˈneɪtɪv kəmˈjunɪtiz, tɪ seɪ ‘‘oh*, wi dɪˈzaɪnd ðɪs kəˈlɛkʃən beɪst ɔn jʊr ˈkəlʧər, bət ju ˈivɪn əˈfɔrd it!’”*!’” ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən dɪˈzaɪnərz, tu, laɪk esquiro*, əv ˈkɑskə ənd kri dɪˈsɛnt, ənd ˈmɪldrɪd haɪ ɛlk ˈkɑrpəntər, ə lɑˈkoʊtə ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn mɑnˈtænə, hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈteɪkən ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən frəm ðə ˈpɛndəltən ˈblæŋkəts, soʊɪŋ ðɛm ˈɪntu tɪ ˈmɑdərn ˈfæʃən ˈaɪtəmz laɪk skərts, ˈʤækɪts, ˈdrɛsɪz, ənd ˈivɪn. ˈrɪli kul tɪ si haʊ ðeɪ ˌriɪnˈtərprət ðə blanket,”*,” ˈmɛtkəlf sɪz., ˈjuzɪŋ ˈvɛri ˈvaɪbrənt ˈkələrz ənd ðə boʊld ˈgræfɪks əv ðə ˈpɛndəltən ˈblæŋkɪt ənd ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪt ðɪs ˈhɪˌphɔp vaɪb, baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðiz fər mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən. meɪd ðə ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈblæŋkɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ kul fər ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz tɪ wɛr again.”*.” ˈbræmlɪt sɪz glæd ɑdriˈɛn keɪ. ənd ˈəðər ˈblɔgərz ər ˈspikɪŋ əp, bɪˈkəz ˈbrɪŋɪŋ əp ɔl ðə weɪz ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz hæv bɪn ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtəd ənd ˌmɪsrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ɪn ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈkəlʧər. ˈhævɪŋ groʊn əp ɪn ðə ’60s*, ˈbræmlɪt rɪˈmɛmbərz ə taɪm nɑt soʊ lɔŋ əˈgoʊ wɪn ɪt wɑz kənˈsɪdərd əkˈsɛptəbəl tɪ pɔrˈtreɪ ““indians”*” ɛz ˈvaɪələnt ˈɛnəmiz ɪn ˈmuviz, ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən, ənd bʊks ənd kɑrˈtunz. ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ˈkəlʧərəl taɪdz ər ˈtərnɪŋ, ə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪn nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə stɪl meɪks ˈnɑˌkɔfs əv ˌsɛrəˈmoʊniəl su ˈhɛdˌdrɛsəz fər ˈʧɪldrən tɪ pleɪ ənd indians”*” wɪθ. ənd ənd ˈəðər jəŋ sim tɪ θɪŋk ˈnəθɪŋ rɔŋ wɪθ ˈdɑnɪŋ ˈkɑpiz əv ˈseɪkrɪd ˈhɛdˌgɪr fər ˈpɑrtiɪŋ æt ˈsəmər rɑk ˈfɛstɪvəlz laɪk coachella*. ju si ˈpɪkʧərz əv səm əv ðiz ˈfɛstɪvəlz wɛr jəŋ waɪt ˈwɪmən ər ɔl drɛst əp ɪn ˈɪndiən rɪˈgeɪljə, ju ˈwəndər, ðə hɛk ər ðeɪ thinking?'”*?'” ˈbræmlɪt sɪz. ˈædəlt ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ du ðɪs? du ju nɑt ˈriəˌlaɪz ju ʤɪst lʊk dumb?”*?” ənd ˈivɪn ðoʊ ʃi faɪndz ˈwɛrɪŋ ðə haɪɛnd ˈkloʊðɪŋ meɪd aʊt əv ˈpɛndəltən ˈfæbrɪks məʧ lɛs ɪˈgriʤəs ðən ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈhɛdˌdrɛsəz, ˈbræmlɪt sɪz ɪt stɪl kən lʊk laɪk ˈʧɪldrən pleɪɪŋ drɛs əp. ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət strɔŋ ə dɪˈzaɪn ðət ɪz soʊ ˈstrɔŋli əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ wən ˈkəlʧər, ɪt meɪks ju lʊk laɪk traɪɪŋ tɪ bi ˈsəmθɪŋ not.”*.” stɪl, ˈpɛndəltən, hu ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn fər ˈfoʊksi əˌmɛrɪˈkænə (ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ˈskɑtɪʃ tartans*) ənd ðə sˈwɛtər ɪn bɪg lebowski,”*,” həz tɪ faɪnd ə weɪ tɪ steɪ ˈvaɪəbəl ɪn ˈbrutəl ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑrkɪt, ˈbræmlɪt sɪz, ər ɪt goʊz aʊt əv ɪts ˈbjutəfəl ˈblæŋkəts goʊ wɪθ ɪt. sɪz ðət 100 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈblæŋkəts ər ˈwoʊvən ənd ˌmænjəˈfækʧərd ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ənd hæf əv ðoʊz, wɪʧ goʊ fər əˈbaʊt ə ˈkəpəl ˈhənərd ˈdɔlərz ə pis, ər soʊld tɪ ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz. ɪn 2009 ˈpɛndəltən, wɪʧ ɪmˈplɔɪd əˈbaʊt 900 ˈpipəl ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd, hæd tɪ leɪ ɔf 43 ˈwərkərz ənd kənˈsɑlɪˌdeɪt ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ sloʊ seɪlz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌriˈsɛʃən. steɪ ɪn ˈbɪznɪs, ðeɪ hæv gɑt tɪ əˈpil tɪ ˈjəŋgər consumers,”*,” ˈbræmlɪt sɪz. ʤɪst hæv tɪ. ənd soʊ ɪf ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ kəˈlæbərˌeɪt wɪθ ər vænz ər huˈɛvər ɛls bɪn ɪn bɛd wɪθ, faɪn ənd gʊd. ɪf ðət ˈɪndəstri wər tɪ kəˈlæps, ɪt wʊd bi gɔn. sin ðɪs ə ˈdəzən taɪmz. wəns gɔn, gɔn ənd ˈvɛri sun forgotten.”*.” ˈmɛtkəlf sɪz ˈnɛvər gɪt ə kənˈsɛnsəs frəm ðə ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən kəmˈjunɪti ɔn wət ˈpɛndəltən ʃʊd ər du, bət ˈəltəmətli ðɛr ɪz ə greɪt ləv əv ˈpɛndəltən, wɪʧ həz ˈɔfən prəˈdust ˈblæŋkəts tɪ gɪv bæk tɪ ðə kəmˈjunɪti, laɪk ðə wən dɪˈzaɪnd baɪ oʊˈseɪʤ ˈɑrtɪst ˈwɛndi ðət ˈbɛnəfɪtɪd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɪndiən ˈkɑlɪʤ fənd. ju du ɪn ˈɛni ˈlɔŋˈtərm gɪt ə ˈlɪtəl əˈnɔɪd wɪθ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈsəmˌtaɪmz. θɪŋk ˈəltəmətli ðə ˌkɑləbərˈeɪʃənz ər ə gʊd θɪŋ bɪˈkəz ˈoʊpənɪŋ ə dɔr tɪ ˈgreɪtər understanding,”*,” ˈmɛtkəlf sɪz. ““hopefully*, ðoʊz ˈpipəl ˈwɛrɪŋ ðiz kloʊðz wɪl lərn ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr əˈbaʊt ˈhɪstəri ənd waɪ wi hæv rɪˈspɛkt fər ˈpɛndəltən. ɪt ɪz bɪˈkəz ðɛr sɛns əv ˈsərvɪs tɪ ˈneɪtɪv communities.”*.”
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tis the season for buying presents. as you peruse your local mall, you might find yourself drawn to beautiful geometric patterns in vibrant colors, long associated with navajo rugs, pendleton “indian trade” blankets, and southwest native american pottery. they’ll be everywhere you look, on sneakers, pricey handbags, home decor, and high-fashion skirts, coats, and jackets.
but many native americans are less than thrilled that this so-called “native look” is trendy right now. the company that’s stirred up the most controversy so far is urban outfitters, which offered a “navajo” line this fall (items included the “navajo hipster panty” and “navajo print fabric wrapped flask”) before the navajo nation sent the company a cease and desist order that forced it to rename its products. forever 21 and designer isabel marant also missed the memo that the tribe has a trademark on its name; thanks to the federal indian arts and crafts act of 1990, it’s illegal to claim a product is made by a native american when it is not.
“the problem,” says jessica r. metcalfe, a turtle mountain chippewa and doctor of native american studies who teaches at arizona state university and blogs about native american fashion designers at beyond buckskin, “is that they’re putting it out there as ‘this is the native,’ or ‘this is native-inspired’. so now you have non-native people representing us in mainstream culture. that, of course, gets tiring, because this has been happening since the good old days of the hollywood western in the 1930s and ’40s, where they hired non-native actors and dressed them up essentially in redface.
“the issue now is not only who gets to represent native americans,” metcalfe says, “but also who gets to profit.”
“our land, our moccasins, our headdresses, and our religions weren’t enough? you gotta go and take pendleton designs, too?”
of course, this is not the first time western fashion has appropriated imagery in the name of aesthetics, as fashion historian lizzie bramlett points out in her blog, the vintage traveler. for example, the pattern we think of as “paisley”—now most commonly seen on ties—was once a holy symbol of the zoroastrians in persia. and throughout fashion history, designers have been swiping motifs from other cultures—from china and japan in victorian times, egypt in the 1920s, and west africa and latin america in the ’60s.
but native americans have a unique place in the history of the united states. today, many native american communities are still reeling from the impact of colonization, which started when white europeans first invaded their homelands and continued as the colonists established a new order and repeatedly attempted to dismantle the native cultures. that this dismantling should continue at the mall can be especially disheartening.
even pendleton, which has fostered warm relationships with various native american communities since it began producing wool indian trade blankets more than a century ago, has raised a bit of ire with its new fashion-forward collaborations and collections designed to appeal to a broad, if well-heeled, audience.
pendleton’s latest foray into young, urban fashion is its fall 2011 portland collection, first available in september. for the line, the patterns and fabrics used in the company’s 100-year-old indian trade blankets were incorporated into high-end cocktail dresses, nerd-chic cardigans, and big blanket-like tobaggan coats covering the white models like sophisticated snuggies (models wearing the coats are pictured at top).
while these things are trendy and “in the now,” pendleton blankets have a much more permanent place in native american culture. in the 1992 book, “language of the robe,” rain parrish, a navajo anthropologist, writer, artist, and former curator at santa fe’s wheelwright museum of the american indian, explains that her family and friends always come to navajo ceremonies and dances wrapped in their pendleton blankets.
“as the light from the fire illuminated the moving bodies and blankets, the swirling shapes, lines, patterns, and colors sprang to life. i no longer saw blankets, but rather the familiar designs of the holy people coming to life from the sand paintings. i saw moving clouds, glowing sunsets, varicolored streaks of lightning, rainbow goddesses, sacred mountains, horned toads, and images like desert mirages—all dancing before my eyes.
“colorful blankets are often the chosen gift,” parrish continues. “we welcome our children with a handmade quilt or a small pendleton blanket as we wrap them in our prayers. for our young men and women, we celebrate the transformation into adulthood, by discipline, values, acknowledgement, and gifts. as they lie on a thick bed of pendleton blankets, we massage their bodies for good health. for a couple’s marriage, … the woman’s body is draped with a pendleton shawl, the man’s with a pendleton robe. as we move into old age, we pay tribute to the spirit world with ceremony, prayers, and gifts. often we bury our people with their special possessions and beautiful pendleton blankets.”
does that make the hip, couture portland collection the same sort of exploitation of native american culture as the urban outfitter “navajo” line? here’s where it gets tricky: pendleton blankets, while marketed to and adopted by tribes across the united states, were not originally designed or manufactured by native americans. so to understand the debate about the place of what we assume is native american iconography in contemporary fashion, you have to look at the history of the indian trade blanket.
deep in the southwest, as early as 1050, the pueblo people had developed hand-weaving techniques on vertical looms. but the spanish conquistadors, who invaded the pueblos in the 1500s, had made their mark on the native weaving craft by the 1600s, seen in the use of wool and indigo dyes, as well as the simple stripe patterns. by 1650, the pueblo indians had taught their trade to the navajo, who eventually developed their own distinct weaving style. they took inspiration from the land, and created geometric shapes to represent the things they saw, like mountains, clouds, owls, and turtles.
“we know that the blankets, especially the navajo blankets, were inspired by the world around them,” metcalfe says, explaining that these blankets had a story. “sometimes, there were references to the geography, but they were abstracted.”
tribes in the northeast at the time relied on animal hides to keep warm. that’s why, in the late 1700s, insulating and water-repellent european felted wool blankets became the most coveted barter items for the local tribespeople trading with the hudson bay company in present-day canada. the most popular of these was hudson bay’s off-white, pointed “chief’s blanket,” striped with bands of cobalt, gold, red, and green on either end.
in the late 1880s, when the railroad finally opened the southwest and the rest of the 1803 louisiana purchase to east coast tourists, white americans were enchanted with the beautiful geometric patterns used in navajo blankets. the victorians would take these blankets back to their overstuffed homes and use them as conversation-piece rugs. traders, sensing an economic opportunity, encouraged the navajo to weave these throws with stronger materials and more muted colors suitable for the floor.
then, in 1895, a woolen mill opened in the oregon town of pendleton to sell blankets and robes to nearby native american tribes. the mill went out of business, but in 1909, brothers clarence, roy, and chauncey bishop, who came from a family of weavers and entrepreneurs, reopened the facility as pendleton woolen mills.
“the issue now is not only who gets to represent native americans, but also who gets to profit.”
employing the jacquard loom technology first imported to the u.s. in the 1830s, pendleton and other new u.s. mills were able to make felted blankets with stunning colors and patterns. naturally, all the these wool companies looked at the native american populations, who had at this point adapted wool blankets, often striped or plaid, as a part of their ceremonies and rites of passage, and saw an opportunity.
to pendleton’s credit, its loom artisan joe rawnsley spent a lot of quality time with the local tribes, such as the nez perce, to learn what colors and patterns would appeal to them most. as a side note, the nez perce most associated with the brand, chief joseph, who heroically stood up against the u.s. government for years, had very little involvement with the company. he was photographed by major lee morehouse wearing pendleton blankets in 1901, but according to robert j. christnacht, manager of pendleton’s home division, that was “the extent of chief joseph’s relationship with pendleton.”
rawnsley’s early blankets were well-received by the nearby nez perce, so the company sent him on a six-month tour of the southwest, where he lived with navajo, zuni, and hopi to find out what blanket designs those tribes would prefer. he returned with hundreds of ideas. “baskets, pottery, weavings, and regalia all inspired joe,” christnacht says. “pendleton blanket designs were a blending of the images and colors joe saw with his own design aesthetic.”
“it’s a crazy cross-cultural mix any way you look at it.”
some might say that rawnsley was simply inspired by the beauty of native american arts and crafts, and he hoped to use his jacquard skills to make beautiful blankets the tribespeople would love. and in that, he succeeded. others might argue that this was an early and sly version of cultural thievery. it’s a slippery slope.
“from the beginning pendleton marketed the blankets to various native communities, but the designs themselves are not authentic,” says bramlett, a founding member of the vintage fashion guild. “what’s ironic is that the navajo were making blankets for the white tourist trade, and pendleton was making blankets to sell to the native communities. that’s kind of a weird twist, but that’s the way it was.
“and the navajo designs were not even traditional designs,” she continues. “a lot of the motifs that they used were mexican inspired. or when traders came to them with oriental rugs, they’d use them as inspiration. so there are oriental motifs in some navajo weavings, too. it’s just a crazy cross-cultural mix any way you look at it. you’ve got the pendleton blankets which are a mixture of native and non-native colors and motifs. then you’ve got the navajo blankets, which are the same way.”
what we do know is that pendleton blankets were a hit, and quickly became a staple of life for native americans all over the country. they were used at powwows and rites of passage, as treasured gifts, as a means of non-verbal communication.
“personally, when i think about that history, i think it’s a really cool, the fact that the entire company—and it wasn’t just pendleton, there were other woolen mills as well—developed because the market for this item was so strong in native communities,” metcalfe says. “these blankets were integrated right away into our ceremonies. pendleton also realized that different communities and different tribes had different preferences for designs or colors. and then they created blankets that different communities would like.”
at the same time, pendleton also sold the blankets to white people as exotic items for their homes.
“if you look back at the advertising of the day, it’s vague,” bramlett says. “they didn’t come right out and say, ‘this is an authentic navajo design,’ but they could lead you to believe that. they realized there was a market for non-native people to use these in their homes. heck, they were in business to sell blankets. they didn’t care who bought them.”
all of this to say, it’s very hard to parse out the proper credit for these “native” textile patterns popularized by pendleton and others—let alone when this appropriation first happened. in the early 20th century, pendleton blankets seemed perfect complements to the rustic, spare style of the arts and crafts movement, and by the early 1910s, christnacht says the company was expanding these patterns to couch covers, rugs, and robes. later, they were adopted by cowboys and competitive horse riders as saddle blankets.
“the time when pendleton came into existence, the 1900s, was the all-time low for native communities,” metcalfe says. “this is at the height of the reservation era, when we were confined, we were essentially prisoners on these small plots of land. but in that same breath, while our cultures were under threat from this outside force, that’s when we turned internally to protect what we had, and we also get some of the most beautiful beadwork and most beautiful jewelry coming out of that period of great stress.
“connected with that great assimilation movement was the height of collecting. the late 1800s was when a lot of our stuff left our communities. on the one hand, you have this push for trying to absorb or get rid of ‘the indian problem.’ then, they were taking all of the items that embody that culture, to collect them and put them in museums and claim ownership on them.”
in the 1970s and ’80s, top american designer ralph lauren became enamored with navajo rugs, plains beadwork, and apache pottery. he launched his santa fe line of clothing featuring concha belts, petticoat skirts, “indian patterned” sweaters, and blanket jackets in 1981 as another defining aspect of american culture. in the 1990s, the pendleton and other native american-inspired designs swelled in popularity again with the return of “southwest” style and rise of “new country” music.
in recent years, pendleton has been going to town with collaborations using the iconic indian trade blanket patterns. it had sold these patterns to vans, famous for making skateboarder shoes; produced high-fashion lines with manhattan couture company opening ceremony; and it is even offering products through urban outfitters. with levi’s, pendleton launched a line of jean jackets and cowboy shirts called navajo cowboys, hiring navajo rodeo champions like monica yazzie as models.
“the reason why pendleton was able to maintain themselves—and they’re the only woolen mill that survived—is because of their dedication to the native communities and realizing the native people were their main market,” metcalfe says. “the blanket for us has become associated with idea of native pride, associated with achievement, community, and community service.
“now pendleton’s entering the mainstream fashion scene, doing these collaborations, and it is probably a smart move for them, as a business. but we feel like we have some ownership with this company, and we do question whether they’re stepping away from their relationship with us.”
for some, like cherokee writer and ph.d. candidate adrienne k., who blogs at native appropriations, it’s confusing and saddening to see her beloved pendleton selling stylized products to wealthy young manhattanites who are as removed from the native way of life as any american could be.
“seeing hipsters march down the street in pendleton clothes, seeing these bloggers ooh and ahh over how ‘cute’ these designs are, and seeing non-native models all wrapped up in pendleton blankets makes me upset,” she writes. “it’s a complicated feeling, because i feel ownership over these designs as a native person, but on a rational level i realize that they aren’t necessarily ours to claim. to me, it just feels like one more thing non-natives can take from us—like our land, our moccasins, our headdresses, our beading, our religions, our names, our cultures weren’t enough? you gotta go and take pendleton designs, too?”
metcalfe says she’s observed, to her amusement, that the vans collaboration has been a big hit with native american communities, but the opening ceremony line is dismissed as ridiculous. for adrienne k., the stratospheric prices of the haute-couture pendleton items just adds injury to insult.
“there’s the whole economic stratification issue of it,” she writes. “these designs are expensive. the new portland collection ranges from $48 for a tie to over $700 for a coat. the opening ceremony collection was equally, if not more, costly. it almost feels like rubbing salt in the wound, when poverty is rampant in many native communities, to say ‘oh, we designed this collection based on your culture, but you can’t even afford it!’”
on the other hand, native american designers, too, like sho sho esquiro, of kaska dene and cree descent, and mildred high elk carpenter, a minucoujou lakota living in montana, have also taken inspiration from the pendleton blankets, sewing them into to modern fashion items like skirts, jackets, dresses, and even hoodies.
“it’s really cool to see how they reinterpret the blanket,” metcalfe says. “for sho sho, she’s using very vibrant colors and the bold graphics of the pendleton blanket and giving it this hip-hop vibe, by making these hoodies for men and women. she’s made the wearing blanket something cool for native americans to wear again.”
bramlett says she’s glad adrienne k. and other bloggers are speaking up, because it’s bringing up all the ways native americans have been exploited and misrepresented in mainstream culture. having grown up in the ’60s, bramlett remembers a time not so long ago when it was considered acceptable to portray “indians” as violent enemies in movies, television, and children’s books and cartoons.
even though the cultural tides are turning, a cherokee-run company in north carolina still makes knockoffs of ceremonial sioux headdresses for children to play “cowboys and indians” with. and ke$ha and other young scenesters seem to think there’s nothing wrong with donning copies of sacred headgear for partying at summer rock festivals like coachella.
“when you see pictures of some of these festivals where young white women are all dressed up in indian regalia, you wonder, ‘what the heck are they thinking?'” bramlett says. “what adult is going to do this? do you not realize you just look dumb?”
and even though she finds fashionistas wearing the high-end clothing made out of pendleton fabrics much less egregious than concert-goers wearing headdresses, bramlett says it still can look like children playing dress up. “if it’s something that’s that strong a design that is so strongly associated with one culture, it makes you look like you’re trying to be something you’re not.”
still, pendleton, who is also known for folksy americana plaids (inspired by scottish tartans) and the dude’s sweater in “the big lebowski,” has to find a way to stay viable in today’s brutal international market, bramlett says, or it goes out of business—and its beautiful blankets go with it. christnacht says that 100 percent of the blankets are woven and manufactured in the united states, and half of those, which go for about a couple hundred dollars a piece, are sold to native americans. in 2009, pendleton, which employed about 900 people nationwide, had to lay off 43 workers and consolidate operations in response to slow sales during the recession.
“to stay in business, they have got to appeal to younger consumers,” bramlett says. “they just have to. and so if they want to collaborate with levi’s or vans or whoever else they’ve been in bed with, that’s fine and good. if that industry were to collapse, it would be gone. i’ve seen this a dozen times. once it’s gone, it’s gone and it’s very soon forgotten.”
metcalfe says you’ll never get a consensus from the native american community on what pendleton should or shouldn’t do, but ultimately there is a great love of pendleton, which has often produced blankets to give back to the community, like the one designed by osage artist wendy ponca that benefitted the american indian college fund. it’s just—like you do in any long-term relationship—they get a little annoyed with the company sometimes.
“i think ultimately the collaborations are a good thing because they’re opening a door to greater understanding,” metcalfe says. “hopefully, those people wearing these clothes will learn a little more about pendleton’s history and why we have respect for pendleton. it is because their sense of service to native communities.”
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əˈbaʊt ˈæftər ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən ɪn 1996 ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən ɪn ʃɔrt ðɛr ɪz ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd moʊˈzeɪɪk wən ˈmɪnəts' wɔk frəm wən əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst treɪn ˈsteɪʃənz: ist ˈsteɪʃən. ɪz ə bəroʊ əv ˈləndən, ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə saʊθ. ðə moʊˈzeɪɪk ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz ˈsɪʧuˌeɪtɪd ˈɑpəzɪt ə pəb, wɪˈθɪn ˈkɔrpərət kˈwɔrtər, wɪθ səm ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl flæts nɪr baɪ. ðə pleɪs praɪˈmɛrəli sərvz ɛz ə pleɪs fər ˈɔfəs ˈwərkərz tɪ smoʊk ənd it ðɛr lənʧ, bət ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈtrɪbjuts tɪ ðə sˈloʊli rɪˈdusɪŋ əreɪ əv, lɔŋ ˈstændɪŋ, fri ɑrt ˈpisɪz ækˈsɛsəbəl tɪ ɔl. wɪθ ðə ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈgəvərnmənts tæks ˈsərvɪs ˈmuvɪŋ ɪn daʊn ðə roʊd ˈɔlsoʊ. ðɪs ˈɛriə ɪz noʊ ˈstreɪnʤər tɪ ˈfʊtˌfɔl. http://www.drostle.com/portfolio/fishpond*/ ˈkɑrənt steɪt ˈteɪkən ˌmaɪˈsɛlf spərɪŋ 2016 ˈteɪkən ɑkˈtoʊbər 2015 ˈteɪkən ˈsəmər 2016 ˈprɑʤɛkt ðɪs wɪl bi juzd tɪ kəˈmɪʃən ˈɑrtɪst ˈgɛri tɪ ˈriˈmeɪk ər rɪˈstɔr ðɪs pis. ə plæk wɪl bi ˈædɪd baɪ "ˈsəmˌwən", tɪ wən əv ðə ˈbɛnʧɪz ɪn ðɪs speɪs, wɪʧ wɪl lɪŋk tɪ ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt (ˈviə ˈbluˌtuθ, nfc*, koʊd ənd ɪnˈgreɪvd url*). ðɪs ˈwɛbˌsaɪt wɪl dɪˈspleɪ ðə tru ˈhɪstəri əv ðə pis (ɪt ɪz nɑt ˌɪˈrɑniən), ɪts ˈhoʊpfəli səkˈsɛsfəl ənd ə lɪst əv neɪmz əv ɔl hu kənˈtrɪbjutɪd (ənd ˈmeɪbi jʊr ˈproʊˌfaɪl pɪk ɪf ju wɪʃ). əˈveɪləbəl fərˈɛvər wəns ðə wərk ɪz kəmˈplitɪd ðə moʊˈzeɪɪk wɪl bi ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ˈkəvərd ɪn sænd, tɪ kriˈeɪt səm ˈloʊkəl ˈmɪstəri ənd ˈfænˌfɛr. wɪθ ʤɪst ðə plæk ˈvɪzəbəl. ðə sænd wɪl bi riˈmuvd ˈæftər 2 wiks. ˈɛni əˈdɪʃənəl ˈməni wɪl bi wɪl bi juzd tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ɪts ˈmeɪntənəns ɪn ðə lɔŋ tərm, ʃʊd ˈɛni əˈdɪʃənəl ˈdæmɪʤ əˈkər. ə brif ɔn ɑrt ju meɪ nɑt noʊ əv, bət ɑr ɑrt ˈkɑlɪʤ wər ðə ˈkætəˌlɪsts fər ðə ɑrˈtɪstɪk pəŋk ˈmuvmənt (wɛr ˈʤeɪmi rid ənd ˈmælkəm məˈklɑrən fərst mɛt ənd dɪˈvɛləpt ðɛr kræft), hoʊm əv ðə fərst ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈtərnər praɪz ˌnɑməˈni, ˈhɛlən ˈʧædwɪk. hoʊm əv ðə brɪt skul: ən ˈɪŋkjəˌbeɪtər tɪ ækts səʧ ɛz ˈeɪmi winehouse*, əˈdɛl, ðə kuks, ðə nu ˈspaɪdərmæn ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðərz. ɪz noʊ ˈstreɪnʤər tɪ ɑrt. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd aɪˈrɑnɪkli baɪ ə læk əv ə ˈjɪrli ˈkaʊnsəl lɛd æmˈbɪʃən ˈfɛstɪvəl, ˈkaʊnsəl ər ˈmoʊstli ənˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn ðə ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən ər ˈnərʧərɪŋ əv səʧ kriˈeɪtɪv ˈkəlʧərəl ˈspeɪsɪz. ðoʊ ɪt məst bi sɛd, dɪd hæv səm greɪt kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪv ˈfɛstɪvəlz ðɪs ˈsəmər. frəm ˈædvərˌtaɪzər 2014 ərˈɪʤənəl lʊk ɛz ə ˈstraɪkɪŋli ˌriəˈlɪstɪk dɪˈpɪkʃən əv ˈfɪʃɪz sˈwɪmɪŋ ˈhæpəli ɪn ə pɑnd, meɪd frəm ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈtaɪni sərˈæmɪk ˈpisɪz, ɪt həz drɔn ədˈmaɪrərz əraʊnd ðə wərld. bət ˈɛniˌwən ˈhoʊpɪŋ təˈdeɪ tɪ si ðə moʊˈzeɪɪk, ˌɪnˈstɔld ɪn 1996 æt ðə ˈkɔrnər əv ˈbɛdfərd pɑrk ənd roʊd, wɪl bi ˈsɔrli ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd. ˈnɪrli hæf ðə ˈpisɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə pis əv ˈpəblɪk ɑrt hæv bɪn dɪsˈlɑʤd ər hæv ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd ˈæftər, ɪts kriˈeɪtər sɪz, ðə ˈkaʊnsəl feɪld tɪ stəmp əp fər ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈsɪmpəl rɪˈpɛrz. ʃoʊn ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ əv hɪz dɪˈsɪntəˌgreɪtɪŋ ˈɑrtˌwərk, ɪts ˈmeɪkər ˈgɛri, siɪŋ ðə pis fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn jɪrz, sɛd: "ɪt ɪz ə ʃeɪm. ɪt dɪd nɑt hæv tɪ bi laɪk ðət." ðə rɪˈnaʊnd moʊˈzeɪɪk ˈɑrtɪst wɑz kəˈmɪʃənd baɪ ˈkaʊnsəl tɪ kriˈeɪt ðə pis ɪn 1996 ɛz pɑrt əv ˌɪmˈpruvmənts tɪ ðə ˈɛriə ʤɪst ist əv ˈwɛlzli roʊd ɪn ðə taʊn ˈsɛntər. "ɪt wɑz ən ˈɛriə wɛr ˈpipəl kʊd sɪt ənd it ðɛr ˈsænwɪʧɪz ənd stəf ənd lʊk ɔn ðə moʊˈzeɪɪk," hi sɛd. "aɪ hæd dən ə səm ˈəðər ˈprɑʤɛkts ɪn ðə bəroʊ ðət hæd bɪn kwaɪt səkˈsɛsfəl." hi spɛnt ˈrəfli tu mənθs kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə pis ɪn hɪz ˈstudiˌoʊ, æt ðə taɪm ɪn ˈgrɛnɪʧ, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈpleɪsɪŋ ɪt ɔn saɪt. ðə wərk wən ə dɪˈzaɪn əˈwɔrd ɪn 1997 ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl moʊˈzeɪɪk əv ðə jɪr ɪn 2002 ənd rɪˈmeɪnz rɪˈvɪrd baɪ moʊˈzeɪɪk ˈɑrtɪsts ənd dɪˈzaɪnərz. ˈmɪstər kleɪmz ðət, mɔr ðən faɪv jɪrz əˈgoʊ, hi rɪˈsivd ə kɔl frəm ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ˈæskɪŋ ɪm tɪ rɪˈpɛr ðə pis bɪˈkəz ɪt hæd bɪn ˈdæmɪʤd baɪ ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈskæfəldɪŋ. hi rɪˈspɑndɪd wɪθ ə kwoʊt fər ˈrəfli bət ˈnɛvər hərd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bæk. ðə pis ɪz naʊ ˈbɛrli recognisable*, sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ təfts əv græs ənd, ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, tɑpt baɪ ə dɪˈskɑrdɪd ˈpɛpsi kəp. "ɪt ɪz ə ˈkɑmən ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ˈpəblɪk ɑrt: ɔl ðə ˈməni goʊz tɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ənd noʊ θɔt tɪ ˈmeɪntənəns," ˈmɪstər sɛd. bət, hi ˈædɪd, ˈdæmɪʤ əv ðɪs sɔrt wɑz nɑt ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl, ənd wʊd hæv moʊst ˈlaɪkli bɪn ˈstɑrtɪd baɪ ðə ˈpəŋkʧər. hi sɛd: "ðeɪ ər ˈprɪti təf; ðə sərˈæmɪk ɪt ɪz meɪd əv ɪz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli strɔŋ. "ˈpipəl ˈwɔkɪŋ ɔn ɪt ər ˈivɪn kɑz ˈdraɪvɪŋ əˈkrɔs ɪt woʊnt (du ðɪs). "bət wəns ju hæv gɑt ə hoʊl ɪn ðə moʊˈzeɪɪk ɪt əˈlaʊz ðə ˈwɔtər tɪ stɑrt ˈgɪtɪŋ ˌəndərˈniθ ənd θɪŋz stɑrt ˈgɪtɪŋ ʧɪpt." ðə ˈɑrtɪsts ˈəðər wərk ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˈlændˌmɑrk də moʊˈzeɪɪk ˈskəlpʧər ɪn kɛnt ənd ðə ruts, rʊts, ruts kəmˈjunɪti moʊˈzeɪɪk ˈəndər ðə ˈreɪlˌweɪ brɪʤ ɪn ˈpɔrtlənd roʊd, saʊθ ˈnɔrwʊd. ˈmɪstər sɛd hi wʊd bi ˈvɛri ˈhæpi tɪ ˈriˈmeɪk ðə fɪʃ moʊˈzeɪɪk, wɪʧ wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli naʊ kɔst əˈbaʊt ðə pis mɑrkt ðə fərst taɪm hi hæd bɪn ˈgɪvɪn noʊ brif ˈəðər ðən ðə saɪz əv ðə wərk. "ɪt ɪz stɪl ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr wən ðət ˈɛvriˌwən ˈkɑmɛnts ɔn," hi ˈædɪd. tirz waɪl ðə aɪˈdiə həz bɪn ˈlɪŋgərɪŋ ɪn maɪ hɛd ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈstɑrtɪŋ ðɪs. ˈhɪtɪŋ ðə frənt peɪʤ əv həz spərd mi ˈɪntu ˈpərsɪnəl ˈækʃən. ðɛr ər bət 3 tirz əˈveɪləbəl ˈbeɪsɪk tir jʊr neɪm, ˈhoʊmˌtaʊn ənd ˈproʊˌfaɪl ˈpɪkʧər wɪl bi ɔn ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ðət wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ɔn dɪˈspleɪ æt ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən ˈviə ə plæk. θæŋk ju tir ə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈbʊklɪt ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt kən bi sɛnt tɪ ju, dɪˈteɪlɪŋ ðə, ˈhɪstəri, ɪts ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd jʊr neɪm ɪn ðə θæŋk jus ˈkɔfi ˈteɪbəl bʊk ˈləvər tir əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə ˈbʊklɪt, aɪ kəmˈplitɪd ənd ə 150 peɪʤ ˈpɪkʧər bʊk, ˌɪˈnɪʃəli fər frɛndz ənd ˈfæməli æt ˈkrɪsməs. ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ðə ˈpɪkʧər bʊk biɪŋ ɪn ˈsəmər 16 ənd ˈfɑloʊz ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈnɛrətɪv. ˈnɛvər tɪ bi ˈpəblɪʃt, maɪ oʊn ˈleɪbər əv ləv, aɪ wɪl prɪnt mɔr ˈkɑpiz tɪ bi sɛnt aʊt. ˈsəmθɪŋ fər ðə ˈkɔfi ˈteɪbəl tɪ flɪk θru. 150 peɪʤ ˈpɪkʧər bʊk mˈjuziəm ˈbʊklɪt
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about
after initial installation in 1996
introduction
in short there is an internationally recognized mosaic one minutes' walk from one of the uk's largest non-terminal train stations: east croydon station. croydon is a borough of london, located in the south. the mosaic itself is situated opposite a pub, within croydon's corporate quarter, with some residential flats near by. the place primarily serves as a place for office workers to smoke and eat their lunch, but also contributes to the slowly reducing array of, long standing, free art pieces accessible to all. with the uk the national government's tax service moving in down the road also. this area is no stranger to footfall. http://www.drostle.com/portfolio/fishpond/
current state
taken myself spring 2016
taken october 2015
taken summer 2016
kickstarter project
this kickstarter will be used to commission artist gary drostle to remake or restore this piece. a plaque will be added by "someone", to one of the benches in this space, which will link to a website (via eddystone bluetooth, nfc, qr code and engraved url). this website will display the true history of the piece (it is not iranian), it's hopefully successful crowdfund and a list of names of all who contributed (and maybe your profile pic if you wish). available forever . once the work is completed the mosaic will be initially covered in sand, to create some local mystery and fanfare. with just the plaque visible. the sand will be removed after 2 weeks. any additional money will be will be used to secure it's maintenance in the long term, should any additional damage occur.
a brief on croydon art
you may not know of croydon, but our art college were the catalysts for the artistic punk movement (where jamie reid and malcom mcclaren first met and developed their craft), home of the first female turner prize nominee, helen chadwick. home of the brit school: an incubator to acts such as amy winehouse, adele, the kooks, the new spiderman and many others. croydon is no stranger to art. unfortunately, highlighted ironically by a lack of a yearly council led ambition festival, croydon council are mostly unwilling to invest in the preservation or nurturing of such creative cultural spaces. though it must be said, croydon did have some great collaborative festivals this summer.
from croydon advertiser - 2014
original look
as a strikingly realistic depiction of fishes swimming happily in a pond, made from thousands of tiny ceramic pieces, it has drawn admirers around the world. but anyone hoping today to see the trompe l'oeil fishpond mosaic, installed in 1996 at the corner of bedford park and sydenham road, will be sorely disappointed. nearly half the pieces making the 2m-wide piece of public art have been dislodged or have disappeared – after, its creator says, the council failed to stump up for relatively simple repairs. shown a photo on tuesday of his disintegrating artwork, its maker gary drostle, seeing the piece for the first time in years, said: "it is a shame. it did not have to be like that." the renowned mosaic artist was commissioned by croydon council to create the piece in 1996, as part of improvements to the area just east of wellesley road in the town centre. "it was an area where people could sit and eat their sandwiches and stuff and look on the mosaic," he said. "i had done a some other projects in the borough that had been quite successful." he spent roughly two months creating the piece in his studio, at the time in greenwich, before placing it on site. the work won a croydon design award in 1997 and international mosaic of the year in 2002, and remains revered by mosaic artists and designers. mr drostle claims that, more than five years ago, he received a call from the council asking him to repair the piece because it had been damaged by falling scaffolding. he responded with a quote for roughly £600, but never heard anything back. the piece is now barely recognisable, surrounded by tufts of grass and, on tuesday, topped by a discarded pepsi cup. "it is a common problem with public art: all the money goes to making it and no thought to maintenance," mr drostle said. but, he added, damage of this sort was not inevitable, and would have most likely been started by the puncture. he said: "they are pretty tough; the ceramic it is made of is incredibly strong. "people walking on it or even cars driving across it won't (do this). "but once you have got a hole in the mosaic it allows the water to start getting underneath and things start getting chipped." the artist's other work includes the landmark 7.5m-high de luci mosaic sculpture in kent and the roots, routes, roots community mosaic under the railway bridge in portland road, south norwood. mr drostle said he would be very happy to remake the fish mosaic, which would probably now cost about £8,500. the piece marked the first time he had been given no brief other than the size of the work. "it is still the most popular one that everyone comments on," he added.
tiers
while the idea has been lingering in my head over the weekend before starting this. croydon hitting the front page of reddit has spurred me into personal action. there are but 3 tiers available
basic tier - your name, hometown and profile picture will be on a website that will remain permanently on display at the mosaic's location via a plaque.
thank you tier - a physical booklet version of the website can be sent to you, detailing the mosaic's, history, it's restoration process and your name in the thank yous
coffee table book lover tier - along with a booklet, i completed and hardbound a 150 page picture book, initially for friends and family at christmas. the concept of the picture book being croydon in summer '16 and follows a particular narrative. never to be published, my own labour of love, i will print more copies to be sent out. something for the coffee table to flick through.
150+ page picture book & museum booklet
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ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈdrɑmə dru tɪ ə kloʊz ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd. j.k*. həz rɪˈvild ðət ðə fəˈnæli əv ðə ˌbibiˈsis ˌædəpˈteɪʃən əv hər fərst ˈpɑtər ˈnɑvəl, ðə ˈkæʒəwəl ˈveɪkənsi, hæd hər ɪn tɪrz. "wɛl, ðæts mi kraɪɪŋ maɪ aɪz aʊt, soʊ ʤɑb dən. sərvz mi raɪt, səm maɪt seɪ. θæŋk ju, θæŋk ju xxx*," ʃi ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˈæftər ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd əv ðə ˈdrɑmə ɛrd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈsɛvərəl vjuərz kəmˈpleɪnd ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə əˈbaʊt ðə ˌbibiˈsi ˈɔltərɪŋ ðə ˈstɔri tɪ meɪk ɪt lɛs blik ðən ðə bʊk. ðə ˈkæʒəwəl ˈveɪkənsi boʊd aʊt wɪθ ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt ˈævərɪʤ vjuərz əv ˈmɪljən ɔn ˌbibiˈsi wən, ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ə pərˈsɛnt ˈɔdiəns ʃɛr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈreɪtɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌni overnights.tv*. ɪt ˈdeɪbjutɪd ɔn ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 16 wɪθ ˈmɪljən vjuərz. ðɪs jɪr wɪl si ə ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə ˈhɛri ˈpɑtər ˈjunəˌvərs, wɪθ ˈwɔrnər bros*. du tɪ stɑrt pərˈdəkʃən ɔn ðə ˌædəpˈteɪʃən əv fænˈtæstɪk bists ənd wɛr tɪ faɪnd ðɛm. ˈdeɪvɪd jeɪts ɪz dɪˈrɛktɪŋ ðə fərst ˈpɑtər ˈspɪˌnɔf. ðə ˈkæʒəwəl ˈveɪkənsi wɪl ɛr ɔn ˈeɪʧbiˈoʊ ɪn leɪt ˈeɪprəl.
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the three-part tv drama drew to a close over the weekend.
j.k. rowling has revealed that the finale of the bbc's adaptation of her first post-harry potter novel, the casual vacancy, had her in tears.
"well, that's me crying my eyes out, so job done. serves me right, some might say. thank you, thank you xxx," she tweeted on saturday after the final episode of the three-part drama aired.
however, several viewers complained on social media about the bbc altering the story to make it less bleak than the book.
the casual vacancy bowed out with overnight average viewers of 4.6 million on bbc one, representing a 20.4 percent audience share, according to rating company overnights.tv. it debuted on feb. 16 with 6.6 million viewers.
this year will see a cinematic return to the harry potter universe, with warner bros. due to start production on the adaptation of rowling's fantastic beasts and where to find them. david yates is directing the first potter spinoff.
the casual vacancy will air on hbo in late april.
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olav* θɑn, ðə ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈmoʊgəl hu ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfaʊndɪd ðə θɑn hoʊˈtɛlz ʧeɪn, dɪˈlɪvərd kwaɪt ə ˈkrɪsməs ˈprɛzənt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ðət teɪks hɪz ˈərliər fɪˈlænθrəpi tɪ ə nu ˈlɛvəl. θɑn kənˈfərmd ɔn ˈnæʃənəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ðət ˈtərnɪŋ ˈoʊvər hɪz ɪnˈtaɪər ˈfɔrʧən əv ˈnɪrli 26 ˈbɪljən (mɔr ðən 4 ˈbɪljən) tɪ ə faʊnˈdeɪʃən ðət wɪl ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn ˈprɑʤɛkts fər ðə ˈpəblɪk gʊd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈrisərʧ. ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət θɑn wɑz kin ɔn səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈvɛriəs ˈkɔzɪz wɪθ hɪz ˈfɔrʧən, ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd baɪ hɪz əˈkaʊntənts tɪ ˈkərəntli bi wərθ əraʊnd ˈbɪljən. θɑn ˈərliər həz bɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər kənˈtrɪbjətər tɪ ðə ˌnɔrˈwiʤən ˈmaʊntən ˈtrɛkɪŋ əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən dnt*, tɪ ˈvɛriəs kəmˈjunɪti ˈprɑʤɛkts ənd, moʊst ˈrisəntli, tɪ ðə ˈprɑˌgrɛs ˈpɑrti. kəm ɛz ə səˈpraɪz ðət aɪ θɔt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ teɪk ɪt ɔl wɪθ mi tɪ ðə ˈəðər side,”*,” ʤoʊkt θɑn wɪn kˈwɛsʧənd əˈbaʊt hɪz plænz baɪ ˌnɔrˈwiʤən ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ (nrk*) ɔn ðə ˈnaɪtli ˈnæʃənəl ˈnuzˌkæst dagsrevyen*. baɪ ðɛn ðə nuz wɑz ˈspɪnɪŋ θru ˌnɔrˈwiʤən ˈmidiə ðət θɑn həz ˈkɑnkrit plænz fər ɔl ðə ˈməni meɪd θru ə lɔŋ laɪf ɛz ə ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn ənd ril ɛˈsteɪt ˌɪnˈvɛstər, ˈmoʊstli ɪn ˈnɔrˌweɪ. ðoʊ stɪl ˈfʊli ˈæktɪv ənd ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ rɪˈmeɪn soʊ ɪn ðə fɔrˈsiəbəl fˈjuʧər, ˈmeɪkɪŋ plænz soʊ ðət ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˈvɛnʧərz ənd ʤɑbz kriˈeɪtɪd wɪl lɪv on,”*,” θɑn toʊld nrk*. ʤɪst ðət simple.”*.” θɑn həz lɔŋ ˈpraɪdɪd hɪmˈsɛlf ɔn biɪŋ ˈwɛlθiəst ənd ˈbɪgəst ˈtækˌspeɪər. θɑn ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət bɪn ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ əˈnəðər ˈhaɪli ˈsinjər ənd səkˈsɛsfəl ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn, hɪz frɛnd ˈɪŋvɑr, hu ˈfaʊndɪd ðə ˌaɪˈkiə hoʊm ˈfərnɪʃɪŋz ʧeɪn ɪn sˈwidən. ɪt naʊ spænz ðə gloʊb, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ həz sɛt əp ə faʊnˈdeɪʃən tɪ sɪˈkjʊr hɪz ˈfɔrʧən. kwoʊt ˈɪŋvɑr, hu geɪv əˈweɪ ðə ˌaɪˈkiə faʊnˈdeɪʃən ənd məʧ, məʧ ˈbɪgər ðən wət ˈgɪvɪŋ əˈweɪ: ˌaɪˈkiə, hi hoʊps, wɪl lɪv ɔn forever,”*,” θɑn toʊld nrk*. aɪ hæv kriˈeɪtɪd ə fju ˈbɪznɪsɪz ðət aɪ bɪˈliv ʃʊd lɪv ɔn məʧ ˈlɔŋgər ðən ə ˈpərsən can.”*.” θɑn, hu tərnd 90 læst ˈsəmər bət rɪˈmeɪnz ɪn kənˈtroʊl əv hɪz ˈbɪznɪs ˈɪntərɪsts, sɛd hɪz faʊnˈdeɪʃən wɪl hæv ə bɔrd meɪd əp əv ˈsɛvən ˈmɛmbərz ənd ɪt wɪl hæv tu goʊlz. ðə fərst ɪz tɪ oʊn ənd ˈɔpərˌeɪt θɑn ənd ɪts səbˈsɪdiˌɛriz. ðə ˈsɛkənd ɪz tɪ meɪk grænts tɪ ˈpəblɪk ˈprɑʤɛkts. ɪkˈspɛkt ðət bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ doʊl aʊt ə ˈmɪnəməm əv 50 ˈmɪljən ə jɪr million),”*),” θɑn sɛd. ðət, aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt əraʊnd hæf wɪl goʊ tɪ ˈrisərʧ ˈprɑʤɛkts, əˈspɛʃəli wɪˈθɪn ˌmæθəˈmætɪks ənd saɪəns, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ medicine.”*.” ðə ˈmænˌdeɪt wɪl bi tɪ səˈpɔrt mæθ, saɪəns ənd ˈmɛdəsən, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˌɑntrəprəˈnərʃɪp. θɑn, hu həz noʊ ˈʧɪldrən, ˈɔlsoʊ wɔnts ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən səˈpɔrt kəmˈjunɪti ˈprɑʤɛkts æt ə ˈloʊkəl ˈlɛvəl ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ril ɛˈsteɪt dɪˈvɛləpmənts fər ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈbɛnəfɪt. ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən wɪl bi kɔld θɑn stiftelse”*” ənd hi θɪŋks ðə bɛst ˈlɛgəsi hi kən liv tɪ kip ˈbɪldɪŋ əp ˈnɔrˌweɪ. θɑn wɪl bi ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən, ˈmɛmbərz əv wɪʧ wɪl ˌɪnˈklud hɪz ˈpɑrtnər ˈsɪsəl ˈhɑgə ənd trɑn ˈhɑrəld bjərk, ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv θɑn ril ɛˈsteɪt dɪˈvɪʒən əˈlɔŋ wɪθ səm ˈəðər ki θɑn ɪmˈplɔɪiz. ˈbərglənd
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olav thon, the 90-year-old real estate mogul who also founded the thon hotels chain, delivered quite a christmas present on tuesday that takes his earlier philanthropy to a new level. thon confirmed on national tv that he’s turning over his entire fortune of nearly nok 26 billion (more than usd 4 billion) to a foundation that will invest in projects for the public good, including medical research.
tv2 reported that thon was keen on supporting various causes with his fortune, estimated by his accountants to currently be worth around nok 25.4 billion. thon earlier has been a major contributor to the norwegian mountain trekking association dnt, to various community projects and, most recently, to the progress party.
“it can’t come as a surprise that i haven’t thought i’ll be able to take it all with me to the other side,” joked thon when questioned about his plans by norwegian broadcasting (nrk) on the nightly national newscast dagsrevyen. by then the news was spinning through norwegian media that thon has concrete plans for all the money he’s made through a long life as a businessman and real estate investor, mostly in norway.
“even though i’mill fully active and expect to remain so in the foreseeable future, i’m making plans so that the business ventures and jobs i’ve created will live on,” thon told nrk. “it’s just that simple.” thon has long prided himself on being norway’s wealthiest and biggest taxpayer.
thon indicated that he’s been inspired by another highly senior and successful businessman, his friend ingvar kamprad, who founded the ikea home furnishings chain in sweden. it now spans the globe, and kamprad also has set up a foundation to secure his fortune.
“to quote ingvar kamprad, who gave away the ikea foundation and it’s much, much bigger than what i’m giving away: ikea, he hopes, will live on forever,” thon told nrk. “and i have created a few businesses that i believe should live on much longer than a person can.”
thon, who turned 90 last summer but remains in control of his business interests, said his foundation will have a board made up of seven members and it will have two goals. the first is to own and operate olav thon gruppen and its subsidiaries. the second is to make grants to public projects.
“we expect that we’ll be able to dole out a minimum of nok 50 million a year (usd 8-9 million),” thon said. “of that, i expect around half will go to research projects, especially within mathematics and science, including medicine.”
the foundation’s mandate will be to support math, science and medicine, along with entrepreneurship. thon, who has no children, also wants the foundation support community projects at a local level including real estate developments for the public benefit. the foundation will be called “olav thoniftelse” and he thinks it’s the best legacy he can leave to keep building up norway.
thon will be chairman of the foundation, members of which will include his partner sissel berdal haga and tron harald bjerke, the director of thon gruppen’s real estate division along with some other key olav thon gruppen employees.
newsinenglish.no/nina berglund
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ðə noʊˈbɛl poʊət oʊˈdɪsiəs vɔɪs əv ˈhɛləˌnɪzəm ðə 200 noʊt. ðə bɪlz raɪz tɪ ˈdrækmə, ə waɪz priˈkɔʃən lɛst ðɛr ɪz ə ʃɑk ɛz gris breɪks aʊt əv ɪts træp æt haɪ vəˈlɑsəti. ˈgrisɪz ˈrædɪkəlz hæv saɪnd ə ˈfræʤəl ˈsisˈfaɪər wɪθ ðə ˈkrɛdɪtər paʊərz. fju θɪŋk ðɪs kən læst ɛz ˈɛskəˌleɪtɪŋ ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz riʧ ðɛr ˈmoʊmənt ɪn ʤun. iʧ saɪd həz əˈgrid tɪ ə dɪˈsɛpʃən wɪθ ˈikwəl ˈsɪnɪˌsɪzəm, noʊɪŋ ðət ðə ˈɪnərəm dil ɪˈveɪdz ðə tru ˈneɪʧər əv ˈgrisɪz ˈkraɪsəs ənd ˈkænɑt brɪʤ ðə ˌɪˈmɛns pəˈlɪtɪkəl dɪˈvaɪd. ðeɪ hæv bɔt taɪm, bət nɑt məʧ. "aɪ æm ðə ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈmɪnɪstər əv ə ˈbæŋkrəpt ˈkəntri," sɪz ˈjænəs, ðə ˈkeɪnziən wɪθ ə ˈmɪʃən tɪ kərˈɛkt ɔl əv ˈjʊrəps ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ɪlz. fərst hi həz tɪ dil wɪθ hɪz oʊn lɪkˈwɪdɪti ˈkraɪsəs. tæks ərɪrz hæv riʧt £54bn*), ˈraɪzɪŋ baɪ ə mənθ. "ðɪs ˈɪzənt tæks ɪˈveɪʒən. ðiz ər ˈnɔrməl ˈpipəl hu kænt peɪ bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər ɪn dɪˈstrɛs," hi toʊld ðə ˈtɛləˌgræf. ðə grik ˈɔrθəˌdɑks ʧərʧ ɪz ˈstrəgəlɪŋ tɪ pɪk əp ðə ˈpisɪz. "ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈkaʊnsɪlz kænt koʊp, soʊ ˈpipəl kəm tɪ ˈjuˈɛs fər fud," sɛd ˈfɑðər əv ˈpɛrɪʃ ɪn ə ˈdɪstrɪkt əv wɛst ˈæθənz. "wɪr ˈfidɪŋ 270 ˈpipəl ənd ɪt ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ wərs ˈɛvəri deɪ. təˈdeɪ wi dɪˈskəvərd θri jəŋ ˈʧɪldrən goʊɪŋ θru ˈrəbɪʃ bɪnz fər fud. ðeɪ ər ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ə ˈdɛrəˌlɪkt ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd wi hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə hu ðeɪ ər," hi sɛd, ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn ə kræmpt ˈɔfəs pækt wɪθ bægz əv brɛd ənd səˈplaɪz. wən əv ðə nu dɪˈzaɪnz fər ə 200 ˈdrækmə noʊt "wi rɪˈlaɪ ɔn doʊˈneɪʃənz frəm ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈbeɪkəri. ɪf wi rən aʊt əv binz ər ˈlɛntəlz, aɪ pʊt aʊt ə kɔl, ənd ˈɛvriˌbɑdi brɪŋz ɪn wət ðeɪ kən. ðɛr ɪz ðɪs ˈspɪrɪt əv ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti bɪˈkəz ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi filz ˌɪmˈjun," hi sɛd. hɪz pur ˈpɛrɪʃ ɪn wɑz bɪlt baɪ ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz frəm sˈmərnə ənd pontus*, ˈvɪktɪmz əv ðə "kəˈtæstrəfi" ɪn 1922 wɪn ˈɛθnɪk ˈklɛnzɪŋ ɪkˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ðə ˈeɪnʧənt grik kəmˈjunɪtiz əv ˈeɪʒə ˈmaɪnər. hi ˈləvɪŋli ʃoʊd mi ðə hɪˈstɔrɪk ˈaɪˌkɑnz ənd prɛr bʊks ðeɪ hɔld wɪθ ðɛm ɪn ˈwægənz, naʊ ɪn ðə ʧərʧ ˈbeɪsmənt. ðə juˈtɪləti ˈkəmpəˌniz hæv bɪn ˈkətɪŋ ɔf ðə ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti ɛz ərɪrz raɪz ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə ˈwɔtər tu ˈlivɪŋ griks ɪn ðə dɑrk. "ðeɪ kəm ənd æsk fər ˈkændəlz. ðeɪ kænt juz ðɛr frɪʤ. ðeɪ kænt kʊk. ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən kænt du ðɛr ˈhoʊmˌwərk," hi sɛd. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ə feɪld steɪt. boʊθ saɪdz ɪn ˈgrisɪz ˈdrɑmə kʊd stɪl bi ðə wənz tɪ blɪŋk fərst (ˈgɛti) rɪˈstɔrɪŋ ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti ɪz ðə fərst ˈɔrdər əv ˈbɪznɪs ɪn ˈproʊˌgræm", əˈlɔŋ wɪθ fud stæmps, ə hɔlt tɪ ˈprɑpərti fɔrˈkloʊʒərz, ənd ə mənθs ˈɛkstrə ˈpɛnʃən fər ðə lɛs ˈæfluənt. ˈfɑðər ərʤd tɪ stænd ɪts graʊnd. "jɛs, wi griks pleɪd ɑr oʊn pɑrt ɪn ɑr ˈdaʊnˌfɔl, bət ˈjʊrəp pleɪd ɪts pɑrt tu. wi məst nɑt sɛl aʊt æt ˈɛni kɔst, ər sɛl ɑr ˈmɑnjəmənts tɪ peɪ ɑr dɛts. wi məst faɪt," hi sɛd. həz ə pɪˈkjuljər ˈmænˌdeɪt. ðə griks ˈvoʊtɪd fər dɪˈfaɪəns, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ tɪ steɪ ɪn ðə ˈjʊrə, tu əˈbʤɛktɪvz ðət ər hɑrd tɪ ˈrɛkənˌsaɪl. vjuz ər dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈoʊvər wɪʧ ˈiˌmoʊʃən rənz ˈdipər, ˈðɛrˌfɔr wɪʧ weɪ ðə ˌɪnˈskrutəbəl əˈlɛksɪs wɪl ˈpɪvət. ðə bɔɪɪʃ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər həz jɛt tɪ ʃoʊ hɪz hænd. "wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ðə ʧɔɪs, aɪ fɪr wɪl əˈbændən ɑr ˈproʊˌgræm ˈrəðər ðən gɪv əp ðə ˈjʊrə," sɛd wən, ˈglænsɪŋ ˈkɔʃəsli əraʊnd ɪn keɪs ˈɛnibədi wɑz ˈlɪsənɪŋ ɛz wi dræŋk ˈkɔfi ɪn ðə "kənˈspɪrəsi" kænˈtin əv ðə grik ˈpɑrləmɛnt. əˈlɛksɪs, ðə grik praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˌeɪˈpi "ðə ˈjʊrə ɪz mɔr ðən ʤɪst ˈməni. ɪt ɪz fər ðə griks. ɪt wɑz ˈoʊnli wɪn wi ʤɔɪnd ðə ˈjʊrə ðət wi fɛlt ˈtruli ˌjʊrəˈpiən. ðɛr wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ə ˈnægɪŋ daʊt ˌbiˈfɔr," hi sɛd. "bət ju kænt faɪt ˌɔˈstɛrɪti wɪˈθaʊt kənˈfrəntɪŋ ðə dɪˈrɛkli. ju hæv tɪ bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ liv. ɪt ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ teɪk ə lɔŋ taɪm fər ðə ˈpɑrti tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðɪs ˈbɪtər ˌriˈæləˌti. aɪ θɪŋk ðə ˈjʊrə wɑz ə trɪˈmɛndəs hɪˈstɔrɪk mɪˈsteɪk, ənd ðə ˈsunər ðeɪ gɪt rɪd əv ɪt, ðə ˈbɛtər fər ɔl ðə ˈpipəlz əv ˈjʊrəp, bət ðət ɪz nɑt ðə ˈpɑrti vju," hi sɛd. ɪˈvɛnts meɪ ækˈsɛlərˌeɪt ðə dɪˈsɪʒən. noʊˈmʊrə sɪz kʊd rən aʊt əv ˈməni fər ˈbeɪsɪk ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfəŋkʃənz wɪˈθɪn tɛn deɪz. "ðə rɪsk əv ˈkæpɪtəl kənˈtroʊlz rɪˈmeɪnz ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd," ɪt sɛd. gris məst riˈpeɪ tɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑnəˌtɛri fənd ɪn mɑrʧ. flambouraris*, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɛrz ˈmɪnɪstər, həz ɔˈrɛdi ˈbeɪgən ˈətərɪŋ ðə ˈfeɪtəl wərd "dɪˈleɪ", ɛz ɪf wər ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ dɪˈleɪ ən ˈpeɪmənt wɪˈθaʊt ˈtrɪgərɪŋ ə ˈtoʊtəl kəˈlæps əv ˈkɑnfədɛns. ˌɪnˈsaɪdərz wɔrn ˈpraɪvətli ðət dɪˈfɔlt ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ən əˈlɑrmɪŋli ril ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti. "ɪt ɪz soʊ bæd ðət ˈɛniˌθɪŋ kʊd ˈhæpən. aɪ kænt tɔk ˈɛni mɔr, ðə foʊnz ər bugged,”*,” sɛd wən əˈfɪʃəl. hi bleɪmd ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈsɛntrəl bæŋk (ecb*) fər ˈsɛtɪŋ ɔf ə dɪˈpɑzət flaɪt" frəm ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈsɪstəm baɪ rɪfˈjuzɪŋ tɪ əkˈsɛpt grik kəˈlætərəl ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ fər loʊnz. ðɪs dɪˈsɪʒən wɑz meɪd wɪˈθɪn deɪz əv ˈlænsˌlaɪd ɪˈlɛkʃən, ənd ˌbiˈfɔr ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈlidərz hæd ˈɪʃud ˈɛni əˈpɪnjən. ðə ˌpriˈɛmptɪv muv ɪz sin ɪn ˈæθənz ɛz ˈwɔrˌfɛr əˈgɛnst ðə fərst ˈpɑrti ɪˈlɛktɪd ɪn ˈwɛstərn ˈjʊrəp sɪns 1945 ɪt wɪl nɑt bi fərˈgɑtən ˈlaɪtli. ðə ˈaʊtˌfloʊz wər brɪsk ˈivɪn ˌbiˈfɔr ðət. dɪˈpɑzət ˈlɔsɪz riʧt ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. ðɪs ɪz ʃoʊɪŋ əp ɪn ðə ˈpeɪmənt ˈdætə əv ðə ˈsɪstəm. ðə grik ˈsɛntrəl bæŋks ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪtiz tɪ ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈimˌju ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈrɑkətɪd frəm ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər tɪ ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri ɛz ˈkæpɪtəl flaɪt ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪd. ðeɪ meɪ hæv hɪt baɪ naʊ. ðɪs ɪz double-edged*. ˈkrɛdɪtərz hæv ˈivɪn mɔr tɪ luz ɪf gris spɪnz aʊt əv kənˈtroʊl. ə fʊl rɪˌpjudiˈeɪʃən əv dɛt tɪ ðə ˈimˌju ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ənd steɪts wʊd kɔst ˈoʊvər €300bn*. ɪt wʊd bi ðə ˈbɪgəst dɪˈfɔlt əv ɔl taɪm, baɪ ən ˈɔrdər əv ˈmægnəˌtud. jɛt stɪl ˈʤərməniz ˈwʊlfˌgæŋ paʊnz ðə ˈteɪbəl, pleɪɪŋ tɪ hɪz ˈbɪlɪŋ ɪn grik ɛz ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈnɛməsɪs. "gris wɪl nɑt gɪt ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈjʊrə ənˈtɪl ɪt kəmˈplaɪz wɪθ ɪt ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃənz", hi sɛd. ðɛr wɪl bi noʊ frɛʃ ˈməni ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɛnd əv ˈeɪprəl frəm ðə ˈtrɔɪkə, ˌjufəˈmɪstɪkli riˈneɪmd ðə "ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz". nɔr ɪz ðɪs ˌgɛrənˈtid. məst fərst ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðət ɪt ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ˈtrɔɪkə dɪˈmændz, nɑt ʤɪst əˈnaʊnsɪŋ ðɛm. ə ˈbɪgər krənʧ wɪl kəm wɪn ðə ˈstɑpˌgæp dil rənz aʊt æt ðə ɛnd əv ʤun, ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr gris məst riˈpeɪ tɪ ðə. "wɪr goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv fɔr mənθs əv ˈkɑnstənt ˈbɪkərɪŋ ənd ˈfaɪtɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz, ənd wɪn wi gɪt tɪ ʤun wɪr goʊɪŋ tɪ feɪs ɪgˈzæktli ðə seɪm ˈblækˌmeɪl ˈoʊvər lɪkˈwɪdɪti səˈpɔrt, ɪf nɑt wərs," sɛd ˈkɔstəz lapavitsas*, ə ənd ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks prəˈfɛsər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈləndən. jɛt ˈlidərz du nɑt ˈfʊli bɪˈliv ˈmɪstər θrɛts. ˈraɪtli ər ˈrɔŋli, ðɛr ˈvərdɪkt ɔn ðə ˈmitɪŋ ɪn ˈbrəsəlz ɪz ðət hi traɪd tɪ fɔrs gris aʊt əv ˈmɑnəˌtɛri ˈjunjən bət wɑz blɑkt baɪ mɔr ˈpaʊərfəl ˈfɔrsɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. ðeɪ bɪˈliv ðət ˈʧænsələr ˈænʤələ ˈmərkəl ˈɔrdərd hər ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈmɪnɪstər tɪ dɪˈzɪst. ðɪs əˈkərd ˈæftər ˈʤərməniz ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɛməˌkræt ˈlidər ˈgeɪbriəl dɪˈmændɪd ən ɛnd tɪ "diktats*", ənd ˈæftər ˈmɪstər wɔrnd ˈmɪsɪz ˈmərkəl ɪn ə kɔl ðət wʊd dɪˈfɔlt ɪf pʊʃt tu fɑr. gris ɪz ˈkaʊntɪŋ ɔn kwaɪət səˈpɔrt frəm fræns ənd ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kəˈmɪʃən. "ðɛr ɪz ə ˈskɪzəm ɪn ðə ˈtrɔɪkə," ˈmɪstər toʊld ə ˈloʊkəl ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈsteɪʃən. "wi wɪl bi ˈtɔkɪŋ wɪθ ðə kəˈmɪʃən. ðə kən koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt wɪθ ðə ɪf ɪt wɔnts." ðɪs ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈɪntərvˌju həz kɔzd ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ ɪn bərˈlɪn prɪˈsaɪsli bɪˈkəz ɪt rɪˈvilz wət ˈlidərz ər ˈtɛlɪŋ ðɛr ˈɔdiəns æt hoʊm, ənd haʊ ðeɪ ˌɪnˈtərprət ɪˈvɛnts. wəns əˈgɛn hi rɪˈpitɪd ðət ðɛr wɪl ˌɪnˈdid bi dɛt rɪˈlif, ənd "ˈvɛri sˈwɪftli", ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə proʊ ˈfɔrmə dɪˈnaɪəlz baɪ ðə ˈkrɛdɪtərz. ˈmɪstər sɛd hæd "ˈviˌtoʊd" ðə dɪˈmændz fər ˈfərðər ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈbəʤɪt ˈsərpləs frəm əv ɪn 2014 tɪ ðɪs jɪr, ənd nɛkst jɪr ə kraɪm əˈgɛnst ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk saɪəns, hi sɪz ənd ðeɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnd tɪ teɪk ə ˈlɪˌbərəl vju əv wət ðɪs kənˈsɛʃən minz. ˈjænəs, ðə grik ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈmɪnɪstər ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ðiz dɪˈmændz wʊd hæv bɪn "ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk" fər ə ˈkaʊnti ɔˈrɛdi ɪn dɪˈprɛʃən ənd wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ ˈkrɛdɪt ˈsɪstəm, hi sɛd. ðə ˈtərgət wɪl ˈhɛnsˈfɔrθ bi "əˈproʊpriˌeɪt" tɪ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz, ənd ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə mɔr ˈdəvɪʃ vju əv ðə ˈfɪskəl ˈməltəˌplaɪər. "ðɪs ɪz ə greɪt ˈkɑŋkwɛst," hi sɛd. ˈmɪstər toʊld ðə ˈpɑrti ˈfeɪθfəl ðə deɪ ˈæftər ðə dil ðət gris hæd "wən ðə ˈbætəl, bət nɑt ðə wɔr", ˌɪnˈflɪktɪŋ ðə fərst dɪˈfit ɔn ðə ˌɔˈstɛrɪti rəˈʒim. ðə ˈnɛrətɪv æt hoʊm ɪz ðət ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn ˈjʊrəp hæd əˈtɛmptəd tɪ krəʃ ðɛr ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌrɛvəˈluʃən æt ðə fərst pæs, ənd hæd bɪn ʧɛkt. ðɛr wɑz ə rɪˈvilɪŋ ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ˈæftərwərdz wɪn kəmˈpoʊzər roʊt ən ˈoʊpən ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈmɪstər ɪgˈzɔrtɪŋ ɪm tɪ dɪˈfaɪ ˈmɪstər ənd θroʊ aʊt ðə "bavarians*". hi wɑz ɪˈvoʊkɪŋ ə dip hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈgrivəns, dɪˈkraɪɪŋ ðə ˈdaɪnəsti ðət wɑz ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ɔn gris ɪn 1833 baɪ ˈfɔrən paʊərz wɪˈθaʊt ˈsikɪŋ grik kənˈsɛnt ənd wɪʧ kˈwɪkli ˈbæŋkrəptɪd ðə jəŋ steɪt, bət nɑt ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt hæd əˈblɪtərˌeɪtɪd grik ˈkəstəˌmɛri lɔ ənd "dɪsˈfɪgjərd" ə ˈbɪzənˌtin ˈneɪʃən. ˈmɪstər əˈlɛʤd "tu ˈsɛnʧəriz əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən kraɪmz əˈgɛnst gris," ˌɪmˈplɪsətli ˈkɔlɪŋ fər fər ə dɪˈvɔrs frəm ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈɛnəmiz əv ðə həˈlɛnɪk ˈɔrθəˌdɑks wərld. ˈmɪstər kʊd hæv ˌɪgˈnɔrd ɪt. ˌɪnˈstɛd, hi kɔld tɪ kənˈgræʧəˌleɪt ðə oʊld laɪən, ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ ɪm tɪ ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈpæləs ðə nɛkst deɪ. səʧ ˈriflɛksəz ər biɪŋ wɔʧt ˈkloʊsli baɪ bərˈlɪn, ənd baɪ ˈmɔˌskaʊ. ˈmɪstər ɪz əv kɔrs ˈwɔkɪŋ ə faɪn laɪn, ˈivɪn ɪf hɪz əˈpruvəl ˈreɪtɪŋ həz sərʤd tɪ 87pc*. ðə fərst raɪəts tɔr θru ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt əv ˈæθənz ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ naɪt ɛz ˈhʊdɪd ˈænərˌkɪsts hərld ˈmɔləˌtɑf ˈkɑkˌteɪlz ənd ə kɑr tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst ðə ˈimˌju "ˈsɛˌlaʊt". lɛs ˈvɪzəbəl, bət mɔr θˈrɛtənɪŋ, ər ˈpaʊərfəl ˈfɔrsɪz wɪˈθɪn ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɑləˌgɑrki hu ər ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ kˈwɛʃən ˈwɛðər ðeɪ maɪt nɑt du ˈbɛtər prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðɛr ˈvɛstɪd ˈɪntərɪsts ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈjʊrə, ˈʃildɪd frəm ˈskrutəni. ðeɪ hæv lɪŋks tɪ ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, pəˈlis, ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌæpərˈætəs. ˈmɪstər sɛd ðə ˈleɪtənt ˈdeɪnʤər ɪz ðə far-right*. "ɪf ənd ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈgəvərnmənts laɪk ɑrz ər æsˈfɪksiˌeɪtɪd, ənd ˈvoʊtərz ər ˈdrɪvən tɪ dɪˈspɛr, ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpipəl hu wɪl ˈbɛnəfɪt ər fəˈnætɪks, ˈreɪsɪsts, ˈnæʃənəlɪsts, ənd ɔl ðoʊz hu fid ɔn fɪr," hi toʊld ˈfrænsɪz ˈʧɑrli hebdo*. fər naʊ ɪt ɪz kwaɪət ɪn ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt əv wɛst ˈæθənz wɛr ə wɑz kləbd tɪ dɛθ ɔn ðə strits baɪ mɪˈlɪʃəz frəm ðə ˈfæʃɪst ˈgoʊldən dɔn ˈpɑrti ɪn 2013 jɛt ɪt wʊd bi ənˈwaɪz tɪ teɪk ðɪs fər ˈgrænɪd. ðə mˌjunɪsəˈpæləti hæd 30 ˈfæməliz ˈrɛʤɪstərd ɛz pur ənd ˈnidi ɪn 2009 ðɪs roʊz tɪ 330 ɪn 2011 ɪt ɪz naʊ "ðeɪ hæv noʊ ˈməni lɛft," sɛd, ə ˈvɛtərən fər ðə ˈkaʊnsəl. "ðə ˌriˈsɛʃən ˈfɪnɪʃt ɔf ðə smɔl ˈlɛðər ənd kloʊðz ˈfæktəriz ɪn ðɪs kˈwɔrtər. ˈpipəl lɔst ðɛr ʤɑbz, ðɛr ʃɑps, ðɛr ˈfæməli ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns, ənd ˈɪntu dɛt, ɔl æt wəns." ˈmɪstər kənˈfɛsɪz ðət ðɛr ɪz ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl ðət hɪz ˈɔfəs kən du tɪ ˈmɪtəˌgeɪt ðə dɪˈstrɛs. wɪθ noʊ ˌɪˈluʒənz, hi gɪvz hɪz ˈæsəd ˈblɛsɪŋ. "ɪf ðeɪ doʊnt tɛl ɛz ˈmɛni laɪz ɛz ðə læst ˈgəvərnmənt, ðət wʊd bi ə stɑrt." ˈmɪstər ɪz ˈʤəgəlɪŋ əˈʤɛndəz, soʊ fɑr wɪθ rɪˈmɑrkəbli ˈstili nərvz ənd fər səʧ ə jəŋ mæn. hi sərˈvaɪvd ə ˈstɔrmi dəˈbeɪt əv ðə ˈkɔkəs ðɪs wik, wɪθ ʤɪst faɪv ˈvoʊtɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈimˌju dil. jɛt ðə ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəmz ˈoʊvər ðə ˈbrəsəlz dil wər ˈblɪstərɪŋ. lafazanis*, hɛd əv 'lɛft ˈplætˌfɔrm', sɛd hɪz ˈfɔrsɪz wɪl nɑt əkˈsɛpt ˈɛni riˈtrit frəm ə "ˈrædɪkəl lɛft ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən". ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ɪz ˈhidɪŋ ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋz. ˈpraɪvətəˈzeɪʃən əv ðə paʊər juˈtɪlətiz, ˈɛrˌpɔrts, ənd pɔrts hæv bɪn ˈkænsəld ər feɪs ˈdræstɪk ˌrivˈju, ˈlivɪŋ ˈoʊnli "kəmˈplitɪd" dilz ɪn tækt. ðɪs ə ˈmɪnəməlɪst ˈrɛdɪŋ əv ðə tɛkst saɪnd ɪn ˈbrəsəlz, əˈnəðər saɪn ðət həz noʊ ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən əv ˈbəklɪŋ tɪ ˈmɪstər ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt hermeneutics*. ˈwʊlfˌgæŋ, ðə ˈʤərmən ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈmɪnɪstər "wi wɪl ˈkænsəl ðə ˈpraɪvətəˈzeɪʃən əv ðə pəˈreɪəs pɔrt," sɛd ʤɔrʤ stathakis*, ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ˈmɪnɪstər, ˈwɛrɪŋ ðə ˈlɛðər ˈʤækɪt əv ðə ˈmuvmənt. hi ɪz ə ˈmɑrksɪst ɪˈkɑnəmɪst, jɛt ˈɔlsoʊ ðə sən əv ə ˈʃɪpɪŋ ˈmægˌneɪt, ðə tu saɪdz əv. "ɪt wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ˈəndər steɪt məˈʤɔrəti ˈhoʊldɪŋ. ðɛr ɪz noʊ gʊd ˈrizən tɪ tərn ɪt ˈɪntu ə ˈpraɪvət məˈnɑpəli," hi sɛd. ˌɪnˈdid, ðə pɔrt ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts ən ˈɪnˌkəm fər ðə steɪt. ˈsəˌspɛkts ðət ðə ʧif ˈrizən waɪ ðə ˈtrɔɪkə ɪz ˈpʊʃɪŋ əv ˈɪntu ə dɪˈprɛst ˈmɑrkɪt ɪz tɪ kəˈlɛkt dɛts fər ðə ˈkrɛdɪtər paʊərz, fər ɪt meɪks noʊ ˈəðər sɛns. ðə ˈpɛrəˌlɛl wɪθ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kəˈmɪti fər grik dɛt ˈmænɪʤmənt ɪn 1898 ɪz lɔst ɔn ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi. ðə lig əv ˈbɑnˌdhoʊldərz sizd ˈkəstəmz ˈdutiz ɪn ðə pɔrt əv pəˈreɪəs, ənd tʊk ˈoʊvər ˈrɛvəˌnuz frəm stæmp ˈduti, təˈbæˌkoʊ, sɔlt, ˈkɛrəˌsin, ənd ˈivɪn pleɪɪŋ kɑrdz. ə ˈvɛtərən ˈdɪpləˌmæt ɪn ˈæθənz sɛd ðə ˈtrɔɪkə ɪz soʊ dɪˈtərmənd tɪ ˈɛkˌstrækt ˈməni ðət ɪt həz tərnd ə blaɪnd aɪ tɪ səm əv ðə ˈdubiəs dilz ˈteɪlərd tɪ ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv ˈpaʊərfəl ˈoʊlɪˌgɑrks. "ðə seɪlz ər ə stitch-up*, ɔl goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə seɪm smɔl ˈsərkəl. wi noʊ ɪgˈzæktli hu ðə ˈbɪgəst sˈməgələr əv ˈʃɪpɪŋ fjuəl ɪz, ənd waɪ ˈnəθɪŋ həz bɪn dən. hi wɑz ˈvɛri kloʊz tɪ ðə ˈpriviəs ˈgəvərnmənt. ər nɑt pɑrt əv ðɪs ˈsɪstəm ənd doʊnt hæv 'ʧɛks tɪ peɪ bæk'," hi sɛd. ɪt ɪz ðɪs dɛt kəˈlɛktərz əˈʤɛndə ðət həz fɛd kənˈtɛmpt fər ðə wərd "rɪˈfɔrm" ɪn gris. ðə griks noʊ frəm likt ˈmɪnəts ðət ðɛr ˈkəntri wɑz ˈsækrəˌfaɪst ɪn ðə fərst əv 2010 ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ seɪv ðə ˈjʊrə ənd ˈjʊrəps bæŋks æt ə taɪm wɪn ˈimˌju hæd noʊ əˈgɛnst kənˈteɪʤən. riˈstrəkʧərɪŋ ʃʊd hæv bɪn ɔn ðə table,”*,” sɛd brəˈzɪlz ˈmɛmbər. ˌɪnˈstɛd ðə ˈtrɔɪkə ˈfɔɪstɪd mɔr dɛt ˈɔntu gris, ˈroʊpɪŋ ˈimˌju ˈtækˌspeɪərz ˈɪntu wət ʃʊd hæv bɪn ə dɪˈspjut bɪtˈwin ðə grik steɪt ənd ˈpraɪvət ˈbɑnˌdhoʊldərz. ɪn ɪts ˈɪnfənət ˈwɪzdəm ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ dil wɪθ ðɪs ˈbæŋkrəptsi baɪ ˈloʊdɪŋ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst loʊn ɪn ˈjumən ˈhɪstəri ɔn ðə ˈwikəst əv ˈʃoʊldərz, ðə grik ˈtækˌspeɪər. wət hæd ˈɛvər sɪns ɪz ˈfɪskəl waterboarding*," sɛd ˈmɪstər. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt həz kət ɪts weɪʤ bɪl baɪ ə θərd ɪn faɪv jɪrz. ˈpəblɪk ˈsɛktər ʤɑbz hæv ˈfɑlən baɪ ˈævərɪʤ peɪ həz ˈfɑlən 22.5pc*. jɛt ðə dɛt həz əp, frəm ɪn 2012 tɪ læst jɪr. səʧ ɪz ˈgrisɪz tæsk. ðə fərˈɑsəti əv ðə ˈfɪskəl kəts wɪˈθaʊt ˈmɑnəˌtɛri ˈstɪmjələs, ər ðə ˈjuʒəwəl ˌdivæljuˈeɪʃən ənd dɛt rɪˈlif ɪn ˈpækɪʤɪz həz kɔzd ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi tɪ ˈkɑnˌtrækt baɪ ə kˈwɔrtər, ʃˈrɪŋkɪŋ ðə beɪs ðət məst ˈkɛri ðə dɛt ˈbərdən. geɪnz frəm ˌɔˈstɛrɪti hæv bɪn ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmd baɪ mɔr ˈpaʊərfəl ˈfɔrsɪz. ðə həz ədˈmɪtəd ɪn ə mi ˈkəlpə ðət ðə ˈtrɔɪkə ɪkˈsidɪd ðə ˌθɛrəˈpjutɪk doʊs fər ˈfɪskəl ˈtaɪtənɪŋ. gris ɪz naʊ toʊld ɪt məst tɪ kət ðə dɛt tɪ əv ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst faɪv jɪrz tɪ kəmˈplaɪ wɪθ ðə ˈtrɔɪkə ˌmɛmərˈændəm. ɪt ɪz ðə bɪg laɪ əv ðə grik, pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈkrɛdɪtərz tɪ dɪˈsiv ðɛr oʊn dɪˈmɑkrəsiz æt hoʊm. ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ˈmɪnɪstər ʃrəgd hɪz ˈʃoʊldərz ənd læft wɪn aɪ æst ɪm haʊ hɪz ˈkəntri plænd tɪ mit ðɪs ˈpætəntli əbˈsərd ˈtərgət. hoʊpt tɪ ɛnd ðə ʃəreɪd baɪ sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ ˈælaɪz ɪn ˈsəðərn ˈjʊrəp wɪθ kɔlz fər ən dɛt ˈkɑnfərəns ɔn ðə ˈləndən əˈkɔrd əv 1953 wɪʧ klɪrd ðə weɪ fər rɪˈkəvəri. hir ðeɪ over-reached*. ðə ˌɪnˈsɪˌdiəs ˈifɛkt əv ðə ɪz ðət gris naʊ oʊz ðə ˈməni tɪ ˌɪˈtæljən ənd ˈspænɪʃ ˈtækˌspeɪərz, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz, ˈvæstli ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtɪŋ ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈlænˌskeɪp. ɪn ˈɛni ˈnɔrməl ˈkɑntɛst wɪθ ˈkrɛdɪtərz, pəˈzɪʃən wʊd bi ˈhoʊpləs. bət ˈnəθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ɪz ˈnɔrməl. ɪf ˈimˌju wər tɪ fɔrs gris aʊt əv ðə ˈjʊrə baɪ wɪθˈdrɔɪŋ bæŋk lɪkˈwɪdɪti ənd dɪˈlɪbərətli ˈkɔzɪŋ ðə kəˈlæps əv ðə grik ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsɪstəm tɪ wɪʧ ðə həz ə ˈduti əv kɛr ˈəndər ˈtriti lɔ ðeɪ wʊd kriˈeɪt ə ˈmɑrtər steɪt fər ðə hoʊl ˌjʊrəˈpiən lɛft. ðeɪ wʊd ˈvaɪəleɪt ðə ˈsæŋktɪti əv ˈmɑnəˌtɛri ˈjunjən ənd rɪsk rɪˈdusɪŋ ɪt tɪ ə fɪkst ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ ən əˈtæk ɔn ðə ˈwikəst lɪŋk tɪ ˈfɑloʊ. ðə ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ɪn ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti wʊd laɪ ɪn ruɪnz. ðə ˈwɛstərn sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈsɪstəm wʊd ðə feɪs ˈtərˌmɔɪl ɪn ðə ˈbɔlkənz. ɪt wʊd hæv tɪ dil wɪθ ən ɛmˈbɪtərd steɪt ˈhɑstəl tɪ ˈneɪtoʊ, ənd ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ pleɪ ðə ˈrəʃən kɑrd əˈlɔŋ ən ɑrk əv ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti ˈstrɛʧɪŋ frəm juˈkreɪn, ðoʊ ðə ləˈvænt, tɪ nɔrθ ˈæfrɪkɑ. ðət ɪz waɪ ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə həz ˌɪntərˈvind, ˈplidɪŋ wɪθ ˈʧænsələr ˈmərkəl tɪ əˈvərt ðə wərst. ðə steɪks ər tu haɪ fər ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈmɪnɪstərz. ɪt ɪz fɑr frəm klɪr hu ˈrɪli həz ðə ˈəpər hænd ɪn ðɪs geɪm əv strəˈtiʤɪk ˈʧɪkən. boʊθ saɪdz kən ˈrizənəbli ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ðət ðə ˈəðər wɪl blɪŋk fərst æt iʧ ˈdɛˌdlaɪn tɪ kəm. wən əv ðɛm ɪz rɔŋ. ðət ɪz wət meɪks ðɪs ˈdrɑmə soʊ ˈrɪvətɪŋ, ənd soʊ ˈdeɪnʤərəs.
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the nobel poet odysseus elytis - voice of eastward-looking hellenism - honours the 200 note. the bills rise to 10,000 drachma, a wise precaution lest there is a hyperinflationary shock as greece breaks out of its debt-deflation trap at high velocity.
greece's syriza radicals have signed a fragile ceasefire with the eurozone's creditor powers. few think this can last as escalating deadlines reach their kairotic moment in june.
each side has agreed to a deception with equal cynicism, knowing that the interim deal evades the true nature of greece's crisis and cannot bridge the immense political divide.
they have bought time, but not much. "i am the finance minister of a bankrupt country," says yanis varoufakis, the rap-artist keynesian with a mission to correct all of europe's economic ills.
first he has to deal with his own liquidity crisis. tax arrears have reached €74bn (£54bn), rising by €1.1bn a month. "this isn't tax evasion. these are normal people who can't pay because they are in distress," he told the telegraph.
the greek orthodox church is struggling to pick up the pieces. "the local councils can't cope, so people come to us for food," said father nicolaos of st fanourios parish in a working-class district of west athens.
"we're feeding 270 people and it is getting worse every day. today we discovered three young children going through rubbish bins for food. they are living in a derelict building and we have no idea who they are," he said, sitting in a cramped office packed with bags of bread and supplies.
one of the new designs for a 200 drachma note
"we rely on donations from the local bakery. if we run out of beans or lentils, i put out a call, and everybody brings in what they can. there is this spirit of solidarity because nobody feels immune," he said.
his poor parish in drapetsona was built by refugees from smyrna and pontus, victims of the "catastrophe" in 1922, when ethnic cleansing extinguished the ancient greek communities of asia minor. he lovingly showed me the historic icons and prayer books they hauled with them in wagons, now in the church basement.
the utility companies have been cutting off the electricity as arrears rise - and sometimes the water too - leaving 300,000 greeks in the dark. "they come and ask for candles. they can't use their fridge. they can't cook. their children can't do their homework," he said. it is almost a description of a failed state.
both sides in greece's drama could still be the ones to blink first (getty)
restoring electricity is the first order of business in syriza's "thessaloniki programme", along with food stamps, a halt to property foreclosures, and a month's extra pension for the less affluent.
father nicolaos urged syriza to stand its ground. "yes, we greeks played our own part in our downfall, but europe played its part too. we must not sell out at any cost, or sell our monuments to pay our debts. we must fight," he said.
syriza has a peculiar mandate. the greeks voted for defiance, and also to stay in the euro, two objectives that are hard to reconcile. views are divided over which emotion runs deeper, therefore which way the inscrutable alexis tsipras will pivot. the boyish prime minister has yet to show his hand.
"when it comes to the choice, i fear tsipras will abandon our programme rather than give up the euro," said one syriza mp, glancing cautiously around in case anybody was listening as we drank coffee in the "conspiracy" canteen of the greek parliament.
alexis tsipras, the greek prime minister photo: ap
"the euro is more than just money. it is talismatic for the greeks. it was only when we joined the euro that we felt truly european. there was always a nagging doubt before," he said.
"but you can't fight austerity without confronting the eurozone directly. you have to be willing to leave. it is going to take a long time for the party to accept this bitter reality. i think the euro was a tremendous historic mistake, and the sooner they get rid of it, the better for all the peoples of europe, but that is not the party view," he said.
fast-moving events may accelerate the decision. nomura says syriza could run out of money for basic government functions within ten days. "the risk of capital controls remains elevated," it said. greece must repay €1.6 bn to the international monetary fund in march.
alekos flambouraris, the government affairs minister, has already begun uttering the fatal word "delay", as if were possible to delay an imf payment without triggering a total collapse of confidence. syriza insiders warn privately that default is becoming an alarmingly real possibility. "it is so bad that anything could happen. i can't talk any more, the phones are bugged,” said one official.
he blamed the european central bank (ecb) for setting off a "self-fulfilling deposit flight" from the banking system by refusing to accept greek collateral in exchange for loans. this decision was made within days of syriza's landslide election, and before emu's elected leaders had issued any opinion.
the ecb's pre-emptive move is seen in athens as counter-insurgency warfare against the first radical-left party elected in western europe since 1945. it will not be forgotten lightly.
the outflows were brisk even before that. deposit losses reached €12.8bn in january. this is showing up in the "target2" payment data of the ecb system. the greek central bank's liabilities to the rest of the emu network rocketed from €49bn in december to €76bn in january as capital flight accelerated. they may have hit €100bn by now.
this is double-edged. creditors have even more to lose if greece spins out of control. a full repudiation of debt to the emu institutions and states would cost over €300bn. it would be the biggest default of all time, by an order of magnitude.
yet still germany's wolfgang schaeuble pounds the table, playing to his billing in greek demonology as the national nemesis. "greece will not get a single euro until it complies with it obligations", he said.
there will be no fresh money before the end of april from the eu-imf troika, euphemistically renamed the "institutions". nor is this guaranteed. syriza must first demonstrate that it is actually implementing troika demands, not just announcing them.
a bigger crunch will come when the stop-gap deal runs out at the end of june, just before greece must repay €6.7bn to the ecb. "we're going to have four months of constant bickering and fighting with the eu institutions, and when we get to june we're going to face exactly the same blackmail over liquidity support, if not worse," said costas lapavitsas, a syriza mp and an economics professor at the university of london.
yet syriza's leaders do not fully believe mr schaeuble's threats. rightly or wrongly, their verdict on the eurogroup meeting in brussels is that he tried to force greece out of monetary union but was blocked by more powerful forces, including washington.
they believe that chancellor angela merkel ordered her finance minister to desist. this occurred after germany's vice-chancellor and social democrat leader sigmar gabriel demanded an end to "diktats", and after mr tsipras warned mrs merkel in a 50-minute call that syriza would default if pushed too far.
greece is counting on quiet support from france and the european commission. "there is a schism in the troika," mr varoufakis told a local radio station. "we will be talking with the commission. the ec can coordinate with the ecb if it wants."
this radio interview has caused outrage in berlin precisely because it reveals what syriza's leaders are telling their audience at home, and how they interpret events. once again he repeated that there will indeed be debt relief, and "very swiftly", whatever the pro forma denials by the creditors.
mr varoufakis said syriza had "vetoed" the eurogroup demands for further increases in the primary budget surplus from 0.6pc of gdp in 2014, to 3pc this year, and 4.5pc next year - a crime against economic science, he says - and they intend to take a liberal view of what this concession means.
yanis varoufakis, the greek finance minister photo: afp
these demands would have been "catastrophic" for a county already in depression and without a functioning credit system, he said. the target will henceforth be "appropriate" to economic circumstances, and closer to the imf's more dovish view of the fiscal multiplier. "this is a great conquest," he said.
mr tsipras told the party faithful the day after the deal that greece had "won the battle, but not the war", inflicting the first defeat on the austerity regime. the narrative at home is that right-wing forces in europe had attempted to crush their democratic revolution at the first pass, and had been checked.
there was a revealing episode afterwards when ageing composer mikis theodorakis wrote an open letter to mr tsipras exhorting him to defy mr schaueble and throw out the "bavarians". he was evoking a deep historical grievance, decrying the wittelsbach dynasty that was imposed on greece in 1833 by foreign powers - without seeking greek consent - and which quickly bankrupted the young state, but not before it had obliterated greek customary law and "disfigured" a byzantine nation.
mr theodorakis alleged "two centuries of european crimes against greece," implicitly calling for for a civilisational divorce from the western enemies of the hellenic orthodox world. mr tsipras could have ignored it. instead, he called to congratulate the old lion, inviting him to the presidential palace the next day. such reflexes are being watched closely by berlin, and by moscow.
mr tsipras is of course walking a fine line, even if his approval rating has surged to 87pc. the first anti-syriza riots tore through the exarchia district of athens on thursday night as hooded anarchists hurled molotov cocktails and fire-bombed a car to protest the emu "sell-out".
less visible, but more threatening, are powerful forces within the economic oligarchy who are starting to question whether they might not do better protecting their vested interests outside the euro, shielded from eu scrutiny. they have links to the military, police, and security apparatus.
mr varoufakis said the latent danger is the far-right. "if pro-european and democratic governments like ours are asphyxiated, and voters are driven to despair, the only people who will benefit are fanatics, racists, nationalists, and all those who feed on fear," he told france's charlie hebdo.
for now it is quiet in the working-class nikaia district of west athens where a rap-singer was clubbed to death on the streets by militias from the fascist golden dawn party in 2013. yet it would be unwise to take this for granted.
the municipality had 30 families registered as poor and needy in 2009. this rose to 330 in 2011. it is now 1,350. "they have no money left," said michalis fiorentis, a veteran poverty-fighter for the council.
"the recession finished off the small leather and clothes factories in this quarter. people lost their jobs, their shops, their family insurance, and spiralled into debt, all at once."
mr fiorentis confesses that there is very little that his under-funded office can do to mitigate the distress. with no illusions, he gives syriza his acid blessing. "if they don't tell as many lies as the last government, that would be a start."
mr tsipras is juggling agendas, so far with remarkably steely nerves and sang-froid for such a young man. he survived a stormy 10-hour debate of the syriza caucus this week, with just five mps voting against the emu deal. yet the criticisms over the brussels deal were blistering. panagiotis lafazanis, head of syriza's 'left platform', said his forces will not accept any retreat from a "radical left orientation".
the prime minister is heeding the warnings. privatisation of the power utilities, airports, and ports have been cancelled or face drastic review, leaving only "completed" deals in tact. this a minimalist reading of the text signed in brussels, another sign that syriza has no intention of buckling to mr schaueble's very different hermeneutics.
wolfgang schaeuble, the german finance minister
"we will cancel the privatisation of the piraeus port," said george stathakis, the economy minister, wearing the trade-mark leather jacket of the movement. he is a marxist economist, yet also the british-educated son of a cretan shipping magnate, the two sides of syriza.
"it will remain permanently under state majority holding. there is no good reason to turn it into a private monopoly," he said. indeed, the port generates an income for the state. syriza suspects that the chief reason why the troika is pushing €25bn of fire-sales into a depressed market is to collect debts for the creditor powers, for it makes no other sense.
the parallel with the international committee for greek debt management in 1898 is lost on nobody. the six-power league of bondholders seized customs duties in the port of piraeus, and took over revenues from stamp duty, tobacco, salt, kerosene, and even playing cards.
a veteran eu diplomat in athens said the troika is so determined to extract money that it has turned a blind eye to some of the dubious deals tailored to the interests of powerful oligarchs. "the sales are a stitch-up, all going to the same small circle. we know exactly who the biggest smuggler of shipping fuel is, and why nothing has been done. he was very close to the previous government. syriza are not part of this system and don't have 'checks to pay back'," he said.
it is this debt collector's agenda that has fed contempt for the word "reform" in greece. the greeks know from leaked imf minutes that their country was sacrificed in the first bail-out of 2010 in order to save the euro and europe's banks at a time when emu had no defences against contagion. “debt restructuring should have been on the table,” said brazil's imf member.
instead the troika foisted more debt onto greece, roping emu taxpayers into what should have been a dispute between the greek state and private bondholders. “europe in its infinite wisdom decided to deal with this bankruptcy by loading the largest loan in human history on the weakest of shoulders, the greek taxpayer. what we’ve had ever since is fiscal waterboarding," said mr varoufakis.
the government has cut its wage bill by a third in five years. public sector jobs have fallen by 170,000. average pay has fallen 22.5pc. yet the debt has spiralled up, from 157pc in 2012 to 182pc last year.
such is greece's sisyphean task. the ferocity of the fiscal cuts - without monetary stimulus, or the usual devaluation and debt relief in imf packages - has caused the economy to contract by a quarter, shrinking the base that must carry the debt burden. gains from austerity have been overwhelmed by more powerful debt-deflation forces. the imf has admitted in a mea culpa that the troika exceeded the therapeutic dose for fiscal tightening.
greece is now told it must to cut the debt to 124pc of gdp over the next five years to comply with the troika memorandum. it is the big lie of the greek bail-out, perpetuated by the creditors to deceive their own democracies at home. the economy minister shrugged his shoulders and laughed when i asked him how his country planned to meet this patently absurd target.
syriza hoped to end the charade by securing allies in southern europe with calls for an emu-wide debt conference modelled on the london accord of 1953, which cleared the way for post-war recovery. here they over-reached. the insidious effect of the bail-out is that greece now owes the money to italian and spanish taxpayers, among others, vastly complicating the political landscape.
in any normal contest with creditors, syriza's position would be hopeless. but nothing about this episode is normal. if emu were to force greece out of the euro by withdrawing bank liquidity and deliberately causing the collapse of the greek financial system - to which the ecb has a duty of care under eu treaty law - they would create a martyr state for the whole european left.
they would violate the sanctity of monetary union and risk reducing it to a fixed exchange "erm3", inviting an attack on the weakest link to follow. the eu's extraordinary experiment in solidarity would lie in ruins.
the western security system would the face turmoil in the balkans. it would have to deal with an embittered state - hostile to nato, and willing to play the russian card - along an arc of instability stretching from ukraine, though the levant, to north africa. that is why us president barack obama has intervened, pleading with chancellor merkel to avert the worst. the stakes are too high for finance ministers.
it is far from clear who really has the upper hand in this game of strategic chicken. both sides can reasonably calculate that the other will blink first at each deadline to come. one of them is wrong. that is what makes this drama so riveting, and so dangerous.
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aɪ bɔt ðiz tɪ prɛs ˈɪntu ˈsərvɪs wɪθ ən ˈoʊldər rɪˈsivər ɛz "nɪr fild" ˈmɑnətərz fər maɪ ˈpiˈsi wɪʧ ˌbiˈsaɪdz ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ mˈjuzɪk ˈɔlsoʊ dɪz ˈvɪdioʊ ˈɛdɪtɪŋ. ðeɪ wər ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ ɪˈveɪd peɪɪŋ 500 fər ə sɛt əv paʊərd ˈmɑnətərz wɪʧ aɪ ˈwəzənt ʃʊr ɪf aɪd laɪk, ənd kænt ɑˈdɪʃən ˈizəli ɪn ðɪs ˈɛriə ðɛrz ʤɪst ˈnoʊˌwɛr ðət sɛlz ðət sɔrt əv gɪr ɪn ðɪs ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈɛriə. fərst ˌɪmˈprɛʃən ɪz ðət ðɛr səˈpraɪzɪŋli ˈhɛvi fər ðɛr saɪz. ðæts gʊd; kənˈstrəkʃən ɪz ˈsɑləd ənd əˈpɪrz tɪ bi θɪk mdf*. aɪ dɪˈtɛkt noʊ ˈrætəlz ər resonances*. prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈmɑnətərz ðeɪ ər nɑt. bət ðeɪ kɔst 50 fər ðə pɛr nɑt 500 iʧ. pɛrd wɪθ ən ˈoʊldər bət ˌpaɪəˈnɪr rɪˈsivər aɪ hæd leɪɪŋ əraʊnd ðeɪ gɪt ˈplɛnti laʊd ənd ər səˈpraɪzɪŋli well-balanced*. ðə bæs ɪz ˈrizənəbli taɪt bət nɑt ˈkoʊpiəs bət fər ə smɔl ˈbʊkˌʃɛlf ˈspikər wət du ju wɔnt ɪn ðət rɪˈgɑrd? ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ ɪz ˈprɪti gʊd; məʧ ˈbɛtər ðən aɪ ɪkˈspɛktɪd. fər ˈrɛfərəns aɪ hæv ə pɛr əv ɪn maɪ ˈfæməli rum ɛz maɪ "meɪnz", soʊ aɪ noʊ ɪgˈzæktli wət əm ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ʃʊd saʊnd laɪk. ðə ɪz ˈprɪti gʊd ənd həz səm kˈwɑləti tɪ ɪt; səˈpraɪzɪŋ fər ðɪs price-point*. bi wɔrnd ðət aɪ kən ˈizəli dɪˈtɛkt ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈɑrtəˌfækts ɪn ɔn ðiz ˈspikərz! ðiz ər nɑt, bət əˈgɛn, wɪr ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt "fər ðə ˈməni." ðə loʊ ɛnd ɪz ə bɪt ˈmədi ənd læks səm ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən, bət kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə "pc-style*" ˈspikərz aɪ hæd kəˈnɛktɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ðiz bloʊ ðə "kəmˈpjutər ˈspikər" ˈʒɑnrə tɪ bɪɔnd ðə ˈɔrbət əv mɑrz. səˈpraɪzɪŋli ðə ˈjuʒəwəl "midbass*" həmp ɪn rɪˈspɑns ðət ju ˈtɪpɪkəli faɪnd ɪn sˈmɔlər ˈspikərz ɪz ˈblɪsfəli mˈjutɪd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈmɪsɪŋ. ɪf ju wɔnt ɪt ðɛn daɪəl ɪt ɪn wɪθ jʊr ˈikwəˌlaɪzər ər ʤɪst tərn ɔn ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən ɪn jʊr ˈæmpləˌfaɪər. ʤɪst doʊnt ɪkˈspɛkt ðə wɔlz tɪ ˈrætəl; ðɛrz nɑt ɪˈnəf ˈdraɪvər ɪn ðiz tɪ gɪt ðɛr wɪˈθaʊt ə səb fər hɛlp. aɪ kʊd mɪks ɔn ðiz. aɪd hæv tɪ bi ˈkɛrfəl wɪθ ðə loʊ ɛnd, bət aɪ kʊd du ɪt. ðət ˈkænɑt bi sɛd fər moʊst smɔl ˈbʊkˌʃɛlf ˈspikərz; ðeɪ ər ˈsɪmpli nɑt flæt ɪˈnəf ənd moʊst hæv ənd ə ˈtrɛbəl ðət ˈbɔrdərz ɔn ʃrɪl. ðiz ər ˈblɪsfəli ˈmɪsɪŋ boʊθ. ɪf ju kænt tɛl əm kwaɪt ˌɪmˈprɛst wɪθ ðiz ˈlɪtəl θɪŋz. ju hæv tɪ spɛnd ə lɔt mɔr ˈməni tɪ du ˈbɛtər; ɪf jʊr ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ pɑp ˈɪntu ðə 300 reɪnʤ ðɛn ðɛr ər ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈvɛri ˈkrɛdəbəl ˈʧɔɪsɪz, bət fər 50 fər ðə pɛr ðiz ər əˈmeɪzɪŋli ˈkeɪpəbəl. aɪ hæv ðɛm ɔn maɪ dɛsk ɪn "nearfield*" əˈbaʊt frəm mi. ɪf aɪ wɑz ɔn ə ˈbəʤɪt aɪ kʊd ˈtɑlərˌeɪt ðiz ɛz meɪnz ənd səraʊnd ˈspikərz fər ə ˈmɑdəst hoʊm ˈθieɪtər ˈsɛˌtəp ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ju æd ə ˈdisənt səb ənd doʊnt wɔnt ˈvɑljum. ˈhaɪli ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd. rɛd mɔr
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i bought these to press into service with an older receiver as "near field" monitors for my pc -- which besides listening to music also does video editing. they were an attempt to evade paying $500+ for a set of powered monitors which i wasn't sure if i'd like, and can't audition easily in this area - there's just nowhere that sells that sort of gear in this immediate area. first impression is that they're surprisingly heavy for their size. that's good; construction is solid and appears to be thick mdf. i detect no rattles or resonances. $1,000 professional monitors they are not. but they cost $50 for the pair - not $500+ each. paired with an older but perfectly-servicable pioneer receiver i had laying around they get plenty loud and are surprisingly well-balanced. the bass is reasonably tight but not copious -- but for a small bookshelf speaker what do you want in that regard? imaging is pretty good; much better than i expected. for reference i have a pair of kef 104/2s in my family room as my "mains", so i know exactly what i'm listening to should sound like. the soundstage is pretty good and has some 3-dimensional quality to it; surprising for this price-point. be warned that i can easily detect audio artifacts in lower-bitrate mp3s on these speakers! kefs these are not, but again, we're talking about "for the money." the low end is a bit muddy and lacks some definition, but compared to the "pc-style" speakers i had connected before these blow the "computer speaker" genre to beyond the orbit of mars. surprisingly the usual "midbass" hump in response that you typically find in smaller speakers is blissfully muted -- almost missing. if you want it then dial it in with your equalizer or just turn on loudness compensation in your amplifier. just don't expect the walls to rattle; there's not enough driver in these to get there without a sub for help. i could mix on these. i'd have to be careful with the low end, but i could do it. that cannot be said for most small bookshelf speakers; they are simply not flat enough and most have wildly-exaggerated mid-bass and a peaky treble that borders on shrill. these are blissfully missing both. if you can't tell i'm quite impressed with these little things. you have to spend a lot more money to do better; if you're willing to pop into the $300+ range then there are a number of very credible choices, but for $50 for the pair these are amazingly capable. i have them on my desk in "nearfield" about 3-4' from me. if i was on a budget i could tolerate these as mains and surround speakers for a modest home theater setup as long as you add a decent sub and don't want imax-style volume. highly recommended.
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ˈrənɪŋ ʤɪst saʊθ əv kwin st*. tɪ ðə wɛst əv dufferin*, ˈmɪlki weɪ ɪz wən əv ðoʊz tərˈɑntoʊ wərθ ˈraɪtɪŋ ə ləv ˈlɛtər əˈbaʊt. ðɛrz ˈɛksələnt grəˈfiti, ˈpipəl ˈrɛgjələrli juz ɪt ɛz ə kˈwaɪətər ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ ɔn kwin, ənd ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz ˈvɛriəs ɑrt ˈspeɪsɪz hæv kɔld ðə pleɪs hoʊm. naʊ, ðə kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi hoʊm tɪ ən ˈərbən ˈgɑrdən. ðə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd lænd trəst (pnlt*) ˈgrinɪst ˈsɪti hæv ʤɔɪnd ˈfɔrsɪz tɪ əkˈwaɪər ðə speɪs æt 87 ˈmɪlki weɪ ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ sɛt əp ə kəmˈjunɪti ˈgɑrdən hir. ðə tu grups ər ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ə ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn ˈleɪtər ðɪs wik fər pɑrt əv ðə səm rikˈwaɪərd tɪ teɪk pəˈzɛʃən əv ðə lænd. ðɛrz ˈɔlsoʊ ə fɪlm ˈskrinɪŋ ənd pɑt lək plænd fər ʤun 4 wəns ðeɪv riʧt ðɛr goʊl, ðə tu grups plæn tɪ hoʊst "ˈərbən ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər ənd ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈprɑʤɛkts ðət ˌɪnˈkris ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈhɛlθi frɛʃ fud, waɪl kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈlərnɪŋ ənd kəmˈjunɪti kəˈnɛkʃənz."
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running just south of queen st. to the west of dufferin, milky way is one of those toronto laneways worth writing a love letter about. there's excellent graffiti, people regularly use it as a quieter alternative to walking/riding on queen, and over the years various art spaces have called the place home.
now, the laneway could also be home to an urban garden. the parkdale neighbourhood land trust (pnlt) & greenest city have joined forces to acquire the space at 87 milky way in an effort to set up a community garden here. the two groups are launching a fundraising campaign later this week for part of the sum required to take possession of the land.
there's also a film screening and pot luck planned for june 4.
once they've reached their goal, the two groups plan to host "urban agriculture and environmental projects that increase access to healthy fresh food, while creating opportunities for environmental learning and community connections."
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ɪn hɪz nu bʊk, tɛd kruz raɪts ðət rænd pɔl lɛt ɪm daʊn ɔn. ˈdʊrɪŋ spiʧ ɔn ðə iv əv ðə 2013 ˈgəvərnmənt ˈʃətˌdaʊn, pɔl keɪm tɪ ðə flɔr tɪ spik fər ə fju ˈmɪnəts əˈbaʊt ðə hɛlθ kɛr lɔ. bət əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə bʊk, pɔl simd ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɔn ˈboʊlstərɪŋ ðə attacks,”*,” wɪʧ wər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈəndərˌmaɪn ɑr efforts.”*.” ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjud bɪˈloʊ ˈmɑrvɛld ðət rænd hæd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd nɑt tɪ bi wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ðɪs fight,”*,” kruz ˈʧɑrʤɪz ɪn taɪm fər truth.”*.” pɔl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, sɪz ðət əˈkaʊnt ɪgˈzæktli ˈtruθfəl. ˈkjʊriəs bɪˈkəz hi sɛnt mi ə ˈrɪli nis, ˈhænˌdrɪtən kənˈgræʧələˌtɔri noʊt ˈθæŋkɪŋ mi fər maɪ help,”*,” pɔl toʊld pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ læst wik. understand.”*.” kruz pɔrˈtreɪz hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn hɪz bʊk ɛz ðə rɛr ˈkriʧər ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ kɔl aʊt hɪz oʊn ˈpɑrti ɪn ˈpəblɪk ənd kənˈfrənt ˈfɛloʊ rɪˈpəblɪkənz wɪn ðə ˈkæmərəz ˈroʊlɪŋ, tu. bət ɪn ˈɪntərvˌjuz læst wik, səm əv hɪz ˈkɑligz ˈʧælənʤd əˈsərʃənz ɪn ˈmɛmˌwɑr, wɪʧ kʊd ˈəndərˌmaɪn ðə ˈtɛksəs kleɪm əv ˌɔθənˈtɪsɪti. wɪn hi ækˈsɛptɪd ə tɔp ʤɑb æt ðə ˈnæʃənəl rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌsɛnəˈtɔriəl kəˈmɪti, kruz raɪts, ˈsɛnɪt məˈʤɔrəti ˈlidər mɪʧ məˈkɑnəl ““promised”*” ðət ðə ˈpɑrti kəˈmɪti wʊd steɪ aʊt əv ˈpraɪˌmɛri faɪts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ tɪ dɪˈfɛnd rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌɪnˈkəmbənts əˈgɛnst kənˈsərvətɪv ˈʧælənʤərz. bət tɔp rɪˈpəblɪkənz kˈwɛʃən ðət əˈsərʃən, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ðə ˈmɪʃən həz lɔŋ bɪn tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˌɪnˈkəmbənts ənd ðət həz ˈnɛvər bɪn ɪn dɪˈspjut. ðə kruz, hu ɪz ˈrənɪŋ fər ˈprɛzɪdənt, ˈɔlsoʊ raɪts ðət əv ðə leadership”*” meɪd ɪt ““clear”*” tɪ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈlɑbiɪsts ənd ˈkɔrpərət pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈækʃən kəˈmɪtiz ðət ðeɪ wʊd bi out”*” ɪf ðeɪ geɪv kæmˈpeɪn kæʃ tɪ ðə ˈtɛksəs ˈfrɛʃmən. jɛt rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlidərz ˈstrɔŋli dɪˈnaɪ ðə keɪs. səˈʤɛsʧən ðət ˈlidər məˈkɑnəl ˌɪntərˈvind tɪ out’*’ pəˈtɛnʃəl səˈpɔrtərz əv sɛn. kruz ɪz pjʊr fantasy,”*,” sɛd braɪən məgˈwaɪr, ə tɔp eɪd tɪ məˈkɑnəl. ˈpraɪˌmɛri pəˈlɪtɪkəl əˈbʤɛktɪv ɪn ðə læst ˈsaɪkəl, ɛz ˈɛni kloʊz əbˈzərvər wɪl əˈtɛst, wɑz tɪ bɪld ənd prɪˈzərv ə rɪˈpəblɪkən məˈʤɔrəti ɪn ðə senate.”*.” noʊ kˈwɛʃən kruz həz meɪd hɪz mɑrk ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt ɛz ə pərˈsɪstənt θɔrn ɪn ðə saɪd əv hɪz ˈpɑrti ˈlidərˌʃɪp. hi həz ˈfrikwɛntli dɪˈraɪdɪd ðɛr ˈtæktɪks ˈoʊpənli ˈwɛðər ˈoʊvər ðə faɪt ðət ˈprɑmptɪd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈʃətˌdaʊn, ðə 2014 ˈbætəl wɪθ hɪz ˈpɑrti ˈoʊvər ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə dɛt ˈsilɪŋ ər haʊ tɪ ˈtərgət ðə ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈpɑləsiz læst ˈwɪntər. wən əv ðə ʧif pɔɪnts hi meɪks ɔn ðə kæmˈpeɪn treɪl: ˈlidɪŋ ə ˈmuvmənt əv conservatives”*” ˈbætəlɪŋ ɪnˈtrɛnʧt ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz əv boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz. kruz ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən ˈkæθərɪn ˈfreɪʒər kənˈtɛndz ðət ðə əˈkaʊnts ər ˈækjərət. kəmz ɛz noʊ səˈpraɪz tɪ ˈɛniˌwən ðət ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən kɑrˈtɛl wʊd dɪˈnaɪ ðə ˌsərəpˈtɪʃəs ˈtæktɪks ɪt ɪmˈplɔɪz tɪ ɪnˈrɪʧ ˌɪtˈsɛlf æt ðə ɪkˈspɛns əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən people,”*,” ˈfreɪʒər roʊt ɪn ən iˈmeɪl. ““sen*. kruz stændz baɪ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ hi həz ˈrɪtən ɪn hɪz book.”*.” ɛz ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈsizən hɛdz ˈɪntu fʊl swɪŋ, dɪˈvaɪsɪv ˈtæktɪks ər baʊnd tɪ gɪt mɔr ˈskrutəni ˈsəmθɪŋ hɪz foʊz bɪˈliv wɪl ˈəltəmətli hərt ðə ˈtɛksəs ˈfaɪərˌbrænd əˈməŋ mɔr ˈmeɪnˌstrim rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈvoʊtərz. ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ, hɪz ˈtæktɪks ər nɑt ˈbɛrɪŋ frut fər ðə party,”*,” sɛd sɛn. ˈlɪndzi græm (r-s.c*.), ə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt, rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ðə 2013 faɪt ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr. ɪm tɪ bi ðə ˈstændərdˈbɛrər, hæv tɪ ʃoʊ səm ˈʤəʤmənt ˈdɪfərənt ðən ʃoʊn ɪn ðə past.”*.” pərˈhæps ˈnəθɪŋ dɪˈfaɪnz brif ˈtɛnjər ɛz ə ˈsɛnətər mɔr ðən hɪz faɪt əˈgɛnst hɪz ˈpɑrti ɔn ɪn 2013 hi, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈjuˌtɔ sɛn. maɪk li, dɪˈmændɪd ðət rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˌɪnˈsɪst ðət ˈɛni bɪl tɪ kip ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈoʊpən ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈklud prəˈvɪʒənz diˈfəndɪŋ ðə əˈfɔrdəbəl kɛr ækt. ɪt ˈprɑmptɪd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈʃətˌdaʊn ənd ə ˈbɪtər fjud wɪˈθɪn ðə. bət kruz həz lɔŋ bɪn ˌənəˌpɑləˈʤɛtɪk, ˈbleɪmɪŋ ˈsɛnɪt rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlidərz fər ˈsɪgnəlɪŋ tɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ðeɪ wʊd ɪm ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ hi wanted.”*.” ju weɪt fər ˈsɛnɪt rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlidərˌʃɪp, ju wɪl ˈnɛvər stɑp obamacare,”*,” kruz raɪts ɪn ðə bʊk. ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈmɛrəˌθɑn flɔr spiʧ, kruz gɑt ən əˈsɪst frəm ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv rɪˈpəblɪkənz, hum hi ˈpreɪzɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ““steady”*” ˈkænzən pæt ˈrɑbərts, ənd ˈflɔrɪdə ˈsɛnətər ənd 2016 ˈraɪvəl ˈmɑrkoʊ ˈrubioʊ. bət hi rɪˈzərvz ə ˈsɛkʃən tɪ dɪŋ pɔl, hu ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsikɪŋ ðə ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən. waɪl pɔl səˈpɔrtɪd ðə ˈstrætəʤi tɪ diˈfənd, ˈsaɪnɪŋ hɪz neɪm tɪ ə ˈlɛtər ɪn ðə tɪ ðə ˈʃətˌdaʊn, hi wɑz ˈnoʊtɪsəbli kwaɪət ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kɔrs əv ðə faɪt. ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈmɛrəˌθɑn spiʧ, kruz rɪˈkɔld pɔl ˈæskɪŋ: ju wɔnt tɪ ʃət daʊn ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ər wʊd ju laɪk tɪ faɪnd ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ meɪk lɛs bad?’*?’ ənd, ju əkˈsɛpt ə compromise?’*?’ ju wərk wɪθ ðə president?’”*?’” səʧ ˈkɑmɛnts, kruz sɪz, pərˈplɛkst ɪm ənd li. kruz ˈædɪd: li ɪz nɑt ən ˈizəli ɪkˈsaɪtəbəl gaɪ, bət hi wɑz soʊ ˈəpˌsɛt baɪ ðɪs ðət aɪ θɔt hi wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ nid ə sedative.”*.” li ˈspoʊksmən kɑn ˈkɛrəl dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt. ə ˌrivˈju əv ðə ˈtrænˌskrɪpt əv ðə sɛpˈtɛmbər 2013 ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ bɪtˈwin pɔl ənd kruz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, səˈʤɛsts ɪt wɑz mɔr ˈeɪmiəbəl ðən ðə ˈtɛksəs ˈsɛnətər dɪˈskraɪbd. ðə tu mɛn preɪzd iʧ ˈəðər rɪˈpitɪdli. pɔl kənˈtɛndɪd ðət kruz wɑz duɪŋ ə job”*” prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ðə kæmˈpeɪn tɪ diˈfənd, wɪʧ ðə kənˈtəki ˈfrɛʃmən ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd hi səˈpɔrtɪd. wɪn pɔl æst ˈwɛðər kruz wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ ʃət daʊn ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, ɪt simd tɪ bi ə weɪ əv əˈlaʊɪŋ ðə ˈtɛksən tɪ pɪn ðə bleɪm ɔn ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd ˈsɛnɪt ˈdɛməˌkræts ˌɪnˈstɛd. kˈwɛʃən sɛn. rænd pɔl æst wɑz ən ˈɛksələnt question,”*,” kruz sɛd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə sɛpˈtɛmbər 2013 spiʧ. kˈwɛʃən wɑz ˈwɛðər aɪ ər ˈɛniˌwən hir ˈwɪʃɪz tɪ ʃət daʊn ðə ˈgəvərnmənt. ðə ˈænsər ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli not.”*.” ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, kruz əˈfɪʃəlz ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ rɪˈmɑrks pɔl meɪd tɪ fɑks nuz ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 2013 ɪn wɪʧ ðə kənˈtəki rɪˈpəblɪkən sɛd, ðoʊ ɪt əˈpɪrd aɪ wɑz pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ [ɪn ðə ˈʃətˌdaʊn faɪt], ɪt wɑz ə dəm idea.”*.” ˈfreɪʒər, ðə kruz ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən, sɛd: ˈsɛnətər həz greɪt rɪˈspɛkt fər rænd, bət hɪz wərdz spik fər themselves.”*.” kæmˈpeɪn dɪd nɑt dɪˈspjut ðət ðə ˈsɛnətər sɛnt pɔl ə ˈhænˌdrɪtən kənˈgræʧələˌtɔri noʊt. kruz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈkjuzɪz məˈkɑnəl əv məˈnuvərɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd ðə sinz tɪ hərt ɪm ˈplɪtɪkli. kruz dɪd si ə dɪp ɪn hɪz doʊˈneɪʃənz frəm pæks ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈæftər ðə ˈfɪləˌbəstər frəm ɪn hɪz fərst eɪt mənθs ɛz ə ˈsɛnətər tɪ ɪn ðə jɪr ˈæftər ðə spiʧ. bət hɪz bʊk ˈɔfərz noʊ ˈɛvədəns əv biɪŋ ˈfroʊzən aʊt baɪ ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈdoʊnər kəmˈjunɪti æt ðə bɪˈhɛst əv ˈlidərˌʃɪp. kruz ɪz ˈʃoʊkeɪsɪŋ ˈsɪriəs ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ praʊəs, ˈhɔlɪŋ ɪn ˈmɪljən ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ fər hɪz ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn. kruz ˈɔlsoʊ raɪts ðət məˈkɑnəl mɪsˈlɛd ɪm wɪn hi ˈɔfərd ɪm ə ʤɑb ɛz vaɪs ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌsɛnəˈtɔriəl kəˈmɪti fər ðə 2014 ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈsaɪkəl. ˈprɑməst ðət ðə kəˈmɪti wʊd steɪ aʊt əv ˈpraɪˌmɛriz frəm hir ɔn out,”*,” kruz raɪts. ɪt sun bɪˈkeɪm klɪr ðət ðə hæd ˈɛvəri ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən əv səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˌɪnˈkəmbənts ɪn ˈpraɪˌmɛriz əˈgɛnst kənˈsərvətɪv ˈʧælənʤərz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri. ənd ɪn ˈoʊpən ˈreɪsɪz, ɪt ˈæktɪvli ərʤd ˈdoʊnərz tɪ gɪv ˈməni tɪ ˈkænədɪts əˈpoʊzɪŋ ti ˈpɑrti kənˈsərvətɪvz. ðət sɪt raɪt wɪθ mi. ɪt wɑz jɛt əˈnəðər ˈlɛsən: əˈʃʊrəntsɪz ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən kəm wɪθ ˌɛkspərˈeɪʃən dates.”*.” ʤɑʃ hoʊmz, ˈfɔrmər ʧif əv stæf fər məˈkɑnəl, sɛd ðɛr wər noʊ ““misunderstandings”*” æt ðə taɪm kruz ækˈsɛptɪd ðə pəˈzɪʃən ðət fərst ʤɑb əv ðə ɪz tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˌɪnˈkəmbənt rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɪn ˈpraɪˌmɛri ənd ˈʤɛnərəl elections.”*.” ðə ˈsinjər ˈtɛksəs ˈsɛnətər, rɪˈpəblɪkən ʤɑn, hu sərvz ɛz ʧif ˈdɛpjəti, hæd ə ˈsɪmələr əˈsɛsmənt. wʊd seɪ ɛz ə ˈfɔrmər ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə fər tu ˈsaɪkəlz, ɪt ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti əv ðə ˈʧɛrmən tɪ hɛlp ˌɪnˈkəmbənts gɪt riɪˈlɛktɪd ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ɪn kənˈtɛstəd primaries,”*,” sɛd. bət dɪd hi ˈɛvər traɪ tɪ klæmp daʊn ɔn kæmˈpeɪn kæʃ? ðət ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ did,”*,” sɛd. noʊ hu ˈtɔkɪŋ about.”*.” ˈəðər ˈsɛnətərz tʊk ˈɪʃu lɛs wɪθ fækts ðən wət ðeɪ kɔld hɪz ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ breɪk ˈkɑnfəˌdɛnsɪz tɪ prəˈmoʊt hɪmˈsɛlf. ɪn ðə fərst ˈʧæptər, kruz ˌriˈkaʊnts ˈfɛloʊ rɪˈpəblɪkənz yelling”*” æt ɪm fər ðə truth”*” ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈmitɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə dɛt ˈsilɪŋ. ˈɛldərz, ˈnərvəs əˈbaʊt ə dɪˈfɔlt ɔn ðə dɛts, wər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ lɛt ðə dɛt ˈsilɪŋ ˌɪnˈkris pæs bət ðeɪ wɔnt ðɛr ˈfɪŋgərˌprɪnts ɔn ðə bɪl fər fɪr əv ˈæŋgərɪŋ ðə beɪs. kruz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, sɛd hi kʊd nɑt ˈkaʊntənəns ðət rɪkˈwɛst, ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ ðət ɪt pæs wɪθ ə θˈrɛˌʃoʊld. ðət dɪˈmænd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli fɔrst ˈlidərz ənd ˈəðər rɪˈpəblɪkənz tɪ ˈgrəʤɪŋli voʊt tɪ ədˈvæns ðə ˈmɛʒər. kruz ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd ðə ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd tɪ meɪk ðə keɪs ðət ˈmɛni əv hɪz ˈkɑligz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈsɛnɪt ˈlidərz, ““pose”*” ɛz stɔnʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz ɪn ˈpəblɪk bət ðɛn ˈpraɪvət du ˈlɪtəl ər ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ ədˈvæns ðoʊz principles.”*.” sɛn. dæn koʊts (r-ind*.) sɛd hi wɑz dɪsˈmeɪd ðət ə ˈsɛnətər wʊd rɪˈvil ðə caucus’*’ dɪˈskəʃənz. wən ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ wɔnt tɪ tɔk əp ˈsəmθɪŋ ɔn ə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈɪʃu ər ə kənˈtɛnʃəs ˈɪʃu ɪf ðeɪ θɪŋk ðeɪ ər goʊɪŋ tɪ rɛd əˈbaʊt ɪt ðə nɛkst deɪ ɪn ðə ˈpeɪpər ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi riˈlist ɪn ðə press,”*,” koʊts sɛd. ˈrɪli ˌəndərˈmaɪnz ˈɛni sɛns əv tim ər ˈɛni sɛns əv cooperation.”*.”
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in his new book, ted cruz writes that rand paul let him down on obamacare.
during cruz’s now-infamous 21-hour speech on the eve of the 2013 government shutdown, paul came to the floor to speak for a few minutes about the health care law. but according to the book, paul seemed intent on bolstering the gop leadership’s “skeptical attacks,” which were “deliberately designed to undermine our efforts.”
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“i marveled that rand had decided not to be with us in this fight,” cruz charges in “a time for truth.”
paul, however, says that account isn’t exactly truthful.
“it’s curious because he sent me a really nice, handwritten congratulatory note thanking me for my help,” paul told politico last week. “i don’t understand.”
cruz portrays himself in his book as the rare creature in washington who’s willing to call out his own party in public and confront fellow republicans when the cameras aren’t rolling, too. but in interviews last week, some of his gop colleagues challenged assertions in cruz’s tell-it-like-it-is memoir, which could undermine the texas republican’s claim of authenticity.
when he accepted a top job at the national republican senatorial committee, cruz writes, senate majority leader mitch mcconnell “promised” that the party committee would stay out of gop primary fights, including to defend republican incumbents against conservative challengers. but top republicans question that assertion, noting that the nrsc’s mission has long been to protect incumbents — and that has never been in dispute.
the 44-year-old cruz, who is running for president, also writes that “members of the gop leadership” made it “clear” to washington lobbyists and corporate political action committees that they would be “frozen out” if they gave campaign cash to the texas freshman. yet republican leaders strongly deny that’s the case.
“any suggestion that leader mcconnell intervened to ‘freeze out’ potential supporters of sen. cruz is pure fantasy,” said brian mcguire, a top aide to mcconnell. “the leader’s primary political objective in the last cycle, as any close observer will attest, was to build and preserve a republican majority in the senate.”
there’s no question cruz has made his mark in the senate as a persistent thorn in the side of his party leadership. he has frequently derided their tactics openly — whether over the obamacare fight that prompted the government shutdown, the 2014 battle with his party over raising the debt ceiling or how to target the president’s immigration policies last winter. it’s one of the chief points he makes on the campaign trail: he’s leading a movement of “courageous conservatives” battling entrenched politicians of both parties.
cruz spokeswoman catherine frazier contends that the book’s accounts are accurate.
“it comes as no surprise to anyone that the washington cartel would deny the surreptitious tactics it employs to enrich itself at the expense of the american people,” frazier wrote in an email. “sen. cruz stands by everything he has written in his book.”
as primary season heads into full swing, cruz’s divisive tactics are bound to get more scrutiny — something his gop foes believe will ultimately hurt the texas firebrand among more mainstream republican primary voters.
“at the end of the day, his tactics are not bearing fruit for the party,” said sen. lindsey graham (r-s.c.), a presidential candidate, referring to the 2013 obamacare fight in particular. “for him to be the standard-bearer, you’d have to show some judgment different than he’s shown in the past.”
perhaps nothing defines cruz’s brief tenure as a senator more than his fight against his party on obamacare in 2013. he, along with utah sen. mike lee, demanded that republicans insist that any bill to keep the government open also include provisions defunding the affordable care act. it prompted the 16-day government shutdown and a bitter feud within the gop.
but cruz has long been unapologetic, blaming senate republican leaders for signaling to president barack obama they would “give him everything he wanted.”
“if you wait for senate republican leadership, you will never stop obamacare,” cruz writes in the book.
during his marathon floor speech, cruz got an assist from a handful of republicans, whom he praises, including the “steady” kansan pat roberts, and florida senator and 2016 rival marco rubio.
but he reserves a section to ding paul, who is also seeking the gop nomination. while paul supported the strategy to defund obamacare, signing his name to a lee-cruz letter in the run-up to the shutdown, he was noticeably quiet during the course of the fight.
during his marathon speech, cruz recalled paul asking: “‘do you want to shut down the government or would you like to find something to make obamacare less bad?’ and, ‘will you accept a compromise?’ ‘will you work with the president?’”
such comments, cruz says, perplexed him and lee.
cruz added: “mike lee is not an easily excitable guy, but he was so upset by this that i thought he was going to need a sedative.”
lee spokesman conn carroll declined to comment.
a review of the transcript of the september 2013 exchange between paul and cruz, however, suggests it was more amiable than the texas senator described. the two men praised each other repeatedly. paul contended that cruz was doing a “good job” promoting the campaign to defund obamacare, which the kentucky freshman also said he supported. when paul asked whether cruz was trying to shut down the government, it seemed to be a way of allowing the texan to pin the blame on obama and senate democrats instead.
“the question sen. rand paul asked was an excellent question,” cruz said during the september 2013 speech. “his question was whether i or anyone here wishes to shut down the government. the answer is absolutely not.”
on monday, cruz officials pointed to remarks paul made to fox news in november 2013 in which the kentucky republican said, “even though it appeared i was participating [in the shutdown fight], it was a dumb idea.”
frazier, the cruz spokeswoman, said: “the senator has great respect for rand, but his words speak for themselves.”
cruz’s campaign did not dispute that the senator sent paul a handwritten congratulatory note.
cruz also accuses mcconnell of maneuvering behind the scenes to hurt him politically. cruz did see a dip in his donations from d.c.-area pacs immediately after the obamacare filibuster — from $60,000 in his first eight months as a senator to $10,000 in the year after the speech. but his book offers no evidence of being frozen out by the washington donor community at the behest of gop leadership. cruz is showcasing serious fundraising prowess, hauling in $14.2 million fundraising for his presidential campaign.
cruz also writes that mcconnell misled him when he offered him a job as vice chairman of the national republican senatorial committee for the 2014 election cycle.
“he promised that the committee would stay out of primaries from here on out,” cruz writes. “but it soon became clear that the nrsc had every intention of supporting incumbents — in primaries — against conservative challengers across the country. and in open races, it actively urged donors to give money to candidates opposing tea party conservatives. that didn’t sit right with me. … it was yet another lesson: assurances in washington come with expiration dates.”
josh holmes, former chief of staff for mcconnell, said there were no “misunderstandings” at the time cruz accepted the position that “the first job of the nrsc is to protect incumbent republicans in primary and general elections.”
the senior texas senator, republican john cornyn, who serves as mcconnell’s chief deputy, had a similar assessment.
“i would say as a former chairman of the nrsc for two cycles, it is always the responsibility of the chairman to help incumbents get reelected — that includes in contested primaries,” cornyn said.
but did he ever try to clamp down on cruz’s campaign cash?
“certainly that wasn’t something i did,” cornyn said. “i don’t know who he’s talking about.”
other gop senators took issue less with cruz’s facts than what they called his willingness to break confidences to promote himself.
in the book’s first chapter, cruz recounts fellow republicans “angrily yelling” at him for “telling the truth” during a meeting about raising the debt ceiling. gop elders, nervous about a default on the nation’s debts, were willing to let the debt ceiling increase pass — but they didn’t want their fingerprints on the bill for fear of angering the gop base.
cruz, however, said he could not countenance that request, insisting that it pass with a 60-vote threshold. that demand eventually forced gop leaders and other republicans to grudgingly vote to advance the measure.
cruz highlighted the episode to make the case that many of his colleagues, particularly senate gop leaders, “pose” as staunch conservatives in public but then “in private do little or nothing to advance those principles.”
sen. dan coats (r-ind.) said he was dismayed that a senator would reveal the caucus’ off-the-record discussions.
“no one is going to want to talk up something on a personal issue or a contentious issue if they think they are going to read about it the next day in the paper or it’s going to be released in the press,” coats said. “it really undermines any sense of team or any sense of cooperation.”
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ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈæˌspɛkts ˈwərði əv ˈstədi ɪn ðə reɪn əv skɑt ˈwɔkər, ðə haɪərd baɪ kɔʧ ˈɪndəstriz tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ðɛr ˌmɪdˈwɛst səbˈsɪdiˌɛri ˈfɔrmərli noʊn ɛz ðə steɪt əv wɪˈskɑnsən. wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪnˈtrigɪŋ ɪz ðə weɪ ðət hi həz tərnd ðə steɪts væst ˈnæʧərəl ˈrisɔrsɪz ˈɪntu ðə ˈbɪgəst fɪʃ ɪn ðə sˈmɔləst ˈbɛrəl wɪθ wɪʧ ˈvɛriəs ˈɪndəstriz ˈɛvər hæv bɪn ˈgɪftɪd. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðɛr ər ðə plænz fər tɪ bloʊ ɔf ðə tɑps əv ˈmaʊntənz əˈlɔŋ ə strɛʧ nɑt fɑr frəm leɪk suˈpɪriər ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈmæsɪv aɪərn maɪn. haʊ ˈmæsɪv ɪz ðə aɪərn maɪn? aɪ æm glæd ju æst. ðə aɪərn maɪn ɪz soʊ ˈmæsɪv ðət ðə ˈkəmpəˌni nidz tɪ lis ˈoʊvər 3000 ˈeɪkərz əv wət ɪz naʊ ʤɪst tɪ bɪld ə prəˈsɛʃən pland*, ənd ðə dəmp ɪn wɪʧ ɪt plænz tɪ tɔs ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈhɔrəbəl ˈbaɪˌprɔdəkts ðə maɪn prəˈdusɪz, wɪʧ wɪl bi mɔr ðən ˈsɛvərəl, aɪ əˈʃʊr ju. ðə aɪərn ˈkaʊnti bɔrd həz ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ əˈlaʊ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni tɪ gɪt aʊt frəm ˈəndər ə ˈkaʊnti ˈfɔrɪst lɔ eɪmd æt prəˈtɛktɪŋ, wɛl, ðə ˈfɔrəsts ɪn ðə ˈkaʊntiz əv wɪˈskɑnsən, soʊ ðə bɔl həz roʊld ˈprɪti fɑr daʊn ðə hɪl hir. bət ðə dəmp ɪz ˈskɛrɪŋ ðə hɛl aʊt əv ˈpipəl. ðɪs kriˈeɪts ə ˈtrɪki ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən fər ðə ˈrɛzɪdənts aɪərn ˈkaʊnti. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈpərˌmɪt ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌni, ðə wɪθˈdrɔəl ˈprɔˌsɛs məst bɪˈgɪn wɪθ ə rɪkˈwɛst tɪ ðə frəm ðə ˈkaʊnti bɔrd. du tɪ ðə lis wɪθ ˈligəli ˈbaɪndɪŋ ðɛm tɪ rɪkˈwɛst wɪθˈdrɔəl, ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət aɪərn ˈkaʊnti ˈrɛzɪdənts, θru ðɛr ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ɔn ðə ˈkaʊnti bɔrd, rɪˈsɪndɪd ðɛr raɪts tɪ kənˈsɪdər ˈwɛðər rɪˈmuvəl əv ðɪs lænd frəm fər ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv ˈstɔrɪŋ ˈmaɪnɪŋ weɪst ənd ˈloʊˌkeɪtɪŋ pərˈdəkʃən fəˈsɪlɪtiz ɪz ən əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ər dɪˈzaɪərəbəl aɪərn ˈkaʊnti ˈrɛzɪdənts ər ˈaʊˌtreɪʤd ðət səʧ ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt dɪˈsɪʒən wɑz ˈteɪkən ɪn ðɛr neɪmz wɪˈθaʊt ˈpəblɪk ˈɪnˌpʊt ər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈhɛd əv taɪm. æt ən aɪərn ˈkaʊnti bɔrd ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr, səm ˈkaʊnti bɔrd ˈmɛmbərz əˈpɪrd tɪ bi ˈθɪŋkɪŋ twaɪs əˈbaʊt ðɪs dɪˈsɪʒən. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈmɪnəts əv ðə meɪ 23 2013 aɪərn ˈkaʊnti ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˌɪmˈpækt committeemeeting*, ðə ˈkaʊnti ɪz ˈbreɪsɪŋ fər səm ˈligəl ˈtrəbəl ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. ðə kəˈmɪti ɪz ˈɪntərvˌjuɪŋ "ˈlɔjərz fər prəˈpoʊzd ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪn ðə taʊn əv ˈændərsən." ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni, wɪʧ həz ən ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈrɛkərd ˈɛlsˌwɛr ðət ɪz nɑt ˈstɛlər, ˈstɑrtɪd tɛst ˈdrɪlɪŋ ə fju jɪrz əˈgoʊ ənd, ˈwɔtərˌʃɛdz bi dæmd, ɪt lʊks laɪk ðə ˈprɑʤɛkts goʊɪŋ tɪ goʊ əˈhɛd. wɪˈskɑnsən ɪz ðə ˈnæʃənəl læb ræt. ɪf ðeɪ kən du ðɪs ðɛr, ðeɪ kən du ɪt ˈɛniˌwɛr.
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there are many aspects worthy of study in the reign of scott walker, the twice-elected goggle-eyed homunculus hired by koch industries to manage their midwest subsidiary formerly known as the state of wisconsin. one of the most intriguing is the way that he has turned the state's vast natural resources into the biggest fish in the smallest barrel with which various industries ever have been gifted.
for example, there are the plans for gogebic taconite to blow off the tops of mountains along a 22-mile stretch not far from lake superior in order to builda massive iron mine. how massive is the iron mine? i am glad you asked. the iron mine is so massive that the company needs to lease over 3000 acres of what is now forestland just to build a procession pland, and the dump in which it plans to toss whatever horrible byproducts the mine produces, which will be more than several, i assure you. the iron county board has voted to allow the company to get out from under a county forest law aimed at protecting, well, the forests in the counties of wisconsin, so the ball has rolled pretty far down the hill here. but the dump is scaring the hell out of people.
this creates a tricky situation for the residents iron county. although the mining permit process is initiated by the mining company, the cfl withdrawal process must begin with a request to the dnr from the county board. due to the lease with gtac legally binding them to request withdrawal, it appears that iron county residents, through their representatives on the county board, rescinded their rights to consider whether removal of this land from cfl for the purposes of storing mining waste and locating production facilities is an appropriate or desirable request...many iron county residents are outraged that such a significant decision was taken in their names without public input or information ahead of time. at an iron county board meeting with gtac representatives earlier this year, some county board members appeared to be thinking twice about this decision. according to minutes of the may 23, 2013 iron county mining impact committeemeeting, the county is bracing for some legal trouble in the future. the committee is interviewing "lawyers for proposed mining project in the town of anderson."
nevertheless, the company, which has an environmental record elsewhere that is not stellar, started test drilling a few years ago and, watersheds be damned, it looks like the project's going to go ahead. wisconsin is the national lab rat. if they can do this there, they can do it anywhere.
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ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈjuzərz hu ˈvɪzɪtɪd wɛb saɪt ˈoʊvər ðə pæst wik wər ˌɪnˈfɛktɪd wɪθ ˈmælˌwɛr, ˈrisərʧərz hæv faʊnd. ðə ˈmælˌwɛr wɑz dɪˈlɪvərd ˈviə məˈlɪʃəs ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts ðət əˈpɪrd ɔn ðə saɪt. ˈjɑˌhu kənˈfərmd ðə ˌɪnˈfɛkʃən, bət sɛd ɪt həz ɔˈrɛdi bɪn riˈmuvd. "æt ˈjɑˌhu, wi teɪk ðə ˈseɪfti ənd ˈpraɪvəsi əv ɑr ˈjuzərz ˈsɪriəsli. frəm dɪˈsɛmbər 31 tɪ ˈʤænjuˌɛri 3 ɔn ɑr ˌjʊrəˈpiən saɪts, wi sərvd səm ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts ðət dɪd nɑt mit ɑr ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz spəˈsɪfɪkli, ðeɪ sprɛd ˈmælˌwɛr. ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 3 wi riˈmuvd ðiz ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts frəm ɑr ˌjʊrəˈpiən saɪts. ˈjuzərz ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə, ˈeɪʒə pəˈsɪfɪk ənd ˈlætən əˈmɛrɪkə wər nɑt sərvd ðiz ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts ənd wər nɑt əˈfɛktɪd. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈjuzərz ˈjuzɪŋ mæks ənd ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz wər nɑt əˈfɛktɪd," ðə ˈkəmpəˌni sɛd ɪn ən iˈmeɪl. ˈɛdɪtərz noʊt: ˈjɑˌhu ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ðɪs ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ. əˈtækərz hæd ˌɪnˈsərtɪd, ər məˈlɪʃəs ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts, ˈɪntu ðə ˈsərvərz juzd baɪ ads.yahoo.com*,, ə dəʧ sɪˈkjʊrəti fərm, roʊt ɪn ə blɔg poʊst ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. ðiz ædz ˌridərˈɛktɪd ˈjuzərz tɪ ə peɪʤ ˈhoʊstɪŋ ðə "ˈmægnəˌtud" ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt kɪt, wɪʧ ˈtɑrgəts ˈvɛriəs ˈʤɑvə ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪtiz. ðə ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt kɪt ˌɪnˈstɔld "ə hoʊst əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈmælˌwɛr" ɔn tɪ ˈvəlnərəbəl kəmˈpjutərz, səʧ ɛz ðə zus ˈtroʊʤən, ænˈdrɑmədə, dorkbot/ngrbot*, ˈmælˌwɛr, ənd necurs*, sɛd. ðə ˈrisərʧərz bɪˈliv ðə ˈsərvərz hæv bɪn ʃoʊɪŋ sɪns dɛk. 30 bət dɪd nɑt rul aʊt ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ðə əˈtæks wər əˈkərɪŋ ˈivɪn ˈərliər. ðə ˌɪnˈfɛkʃən həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn kənˈfərmd ɔn tˈwɪtər baɪ mɑrk ˈloʊmən, ə dəʧ ˈmælˌwɛr ˈænəlɪst wɪθ ˈaʊtˌfɪt surfright*. "ɪt ɪz ənˈklɪr wɪʧ spɪˈsɪfɪk grup ɪz bɪˈhaɪnd ðɪs əˈtæk, bət ðə əˈtækərz ər ˈklɪrli ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd," fɑks ɪt sɛd. ðə əˈtækərz meɪ bi ˈsɛlɪŋ ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ kənˈtroʊl ðiz ˌɪnˈfɛktɪd məˈʃinz tɪ ˈəðər cyber-criminals*, pərˈhæps ɛz pɑrt əv ə botnet*. ˈstɛlθi əˈtæk ər əˈspɛʃəli sˈniki bɪˈkəz ˈjuzərz gɪt ˌɪnˈfɛktɪd ʤɪst baɪ ˈloʊdɪŋ ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ðə ˈjuzərz doʊnt nid tɪ du ɛz ˈklɪkɪŋ ɔn ə gɪt ˌɪnˈfɛktɪd. ðiz məˈlɪʃəs ædz hæv bɪn ˈpɑpɪŋ əp ɔn ləˈʤɪtəmət saɪts ˈoʊvər ðə pæst fju jɪrz. ɪn 2011 ˈjuzərz wər hɪt baɪ məˈlɪʃəs ædz sərvd əp baɪ ə æd ˈnɛtˌwərk, ɛz wər ˈvɪzɪtərz tɪ ðə ˈləndən stɑk ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ɪn fækt, ˈjuzərz ər 182 taɪmz mɔr laɪk tɪ bi ˌɪnˈfɛktɪd wɪθ ˈmælˌwɛr frəm ðiz ædz ðən ðeɪ ər frəm ˈædəlt ˈkɑntɛnt saɪts, ˈsɪˌskoʊ faʊnd ɪn ə ˈsərˌveɪ læst jɪr. "lɔŋ gɔn ər ðə deɪz wɪn ju hæd tɪ bi ˈbraʊzɪŋ ˈʃeɪdi ˈɛriəz əv ðə nɛt tɪ ˈstəmbəl əˈkrɔs ˈsəmθɪŋ məˈlɪʃəs," roʊt græm, ə sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈrisərʧər. ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ðə ˈmælˌwɛr wɑz biɪŋ dɪˈlɪvərd tɪ əˈprɑksəmətli ˈjuzərz pər aʊər, wɪʧ wʊd min əˈbaʊt ˈjuzərz pər aʊər wər ˈæˌkʧuəli biɪŋ ˌɪnˈfɛktɪd, ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd. ðə ˈkəntriz wɪθ ðə moʊst ˈnəmbər əv əˈfɛktɪd ˈjuzərz wər roʊˈmeɪniə, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm, ənd fræns. waɪl ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈjɑˌhu, græm ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ˈjuzərz hu ˈvɪzɪtɪd ˈəðər saɪts ˈjuzɪŋ æd ˈnɛtˌwərk meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæv bɪn əˈfɛktɪd. hækt ˈsərvər, ˈtrɪki æd? ɪts nɑt noʊn æt ðɪs pɔɪnt haʊ ðə məˈlɪʃəs ædz meɪd ɪt ˈɪntu ðə æd ˈnɛtˌwərk. waɪl ɪts ˈpɑsəbəl ðə əˈtækərz meɪ hæv ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd ðə æd ˈsərvər tɪ loʊd ðə məˈlɪʃəs faɪlz, ɪts ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɑsəbəl ðə əˈtækərz səbˈmɪtəd ðə æd ðə ˈnɔrməl weɪ ənd trɪkt ˈjɑˌhu ˈɪntu ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪt wɑz ən ˈɔrdəˌnɛri æd. ðət ˈdəzənt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli min ˈjɑˌhu ˈwəzənt duɪŋ ɪts səbˈmɪtəd æd kʊd hæv bɪn ˈhɑrmləs. ðə əˈtækərz kʊd hæv swɔpt əraʊnd ðə koʊd ˈæftər ðə æd wɑz ækˈsɛptɪd. sɪns ər ˈtrɪki tɪ dɪˈfɛnd əˈgɛnst, ɪt ɪz ˈivɪn mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət ˈjuzərz rən ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɔn ðɛr kəmˈpjutərz ənd kip ðɛr sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈkɑrənt. ðə ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt kɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtɑrgətɪd ˈʤɑvə. ˈjuzərz ʃʊd ˈiðər ˈʤɑvə, dɪˈseɪbəl ɪt ɪnˈtaɪərli ɪn ðə ˈbraʊzər, ər teɪk ˈəðər stɛps tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðɛmˈsɛlvz frəm əˈtæks əˈgɛnst ˈʤɑvə. "ɪf ju ˈnidɪd əˈnəðər ˈrizən tɪ dɪˈseɪbəl ˈʤɑvə ɪn jʊr kəmˈpjutərz ˈbraʊzər, ðɛn ðɛr ju hæv ɪt," sɛd. ðɪs ˈstɔri wɑz ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd wɪθ mɔr dɪˈteɪld ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ˈsənˌdi
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thousands of users who visited yahoo's web site over the past week were infected with malware, researchers have found. the malware was delivered via malicious advertisements that appeared on the site.
yahoo confirmed the infection, but said it has already been removed. "at yahoo, we take the safety and privacy of our users seriously. from december 31 to january 3 on our european sites, we served some advertisements that did not meet our editorial guidelines -- specifically, they spread malware. on january 3, we removed these advertisements from our european sites. users in north america, asia pacific and latin america were not served these advertisements and were not affected. additionally, users using macs and mobile devices were not affected," the company said in an email. editor's note: yahoo updated this statement on monday.
attackers had inserted malvertisements, or malicious advertisements, into the servers used by ads.yahoo.com, fox-it, a dutch security firm, wrote in a blog post saturday. these ads redirected users to a page hosting the "magnitude" exploit kit, which targets various java vulnerabilities. the exploit kit installed "a host of different malware" on to vulnerable computers, such as the zeus trojan, andromeda, dorkbot/ngrbot, ad-clicking malware, tinba/zusy and necurs, fox-it said. the researchers believe the servers have been showing malvertisements since dec. 30, but did not rule out the possibility that the attacks were occurring even earlier.
the infection has also been confirmed on twitter by mark loman, a dutch malware analyst with antivirus outfit surfright.
"it is unclear which specific group is behind this attack, but the attackers are clearly financially motivated," fox it said. the attackers may be selling the ability to control these infected machines to other cyber-criminals, perhaps as part of a botnet.
stealthy attack
malvertiserments are especially sneaky because users get infected just by loading a website. the users don't need to do anything—such as clicking on a link—to get infected. these malicious ads have been popping up on legitimate sites over the past few years. in 2011, spotify users were hit by malicious ads served up by a third-party ad network, as were visitors to the london stock exchange's website. in fact, users are 182 times more like to be infected with malware from these ads than they are from adult content sites, cisco found in a survey last year.
"long gone are the days when you had to be browsing shady areas of the net to stumble across something malicious," wrote graham cluley, a security researcher.
on friday, the malware was being delivered to approximately 300,000 users per hour, which would mean about 27,000 users per hour were actually being infected, fox-it estimated. the countries with the most number of affected users were romania, the united kingdom, and france.
while the fox-it report focused on yahoo, graham cluley noted that users who visited other sites using yahoo's ad network may also have been affected.
hacked server, tricky ad?
it's not known at this point how the malicious ads made it into the ad network. while it's possible the attackers may have compromised the ad server to load the malicious files, it's also possible the attackers submitted the ad the normal way and tricked yahoo into thinking it was an ordinary ad. that doesn't necessarily mean yahoo wasn't doing its job—the submitted ad could have been harmless. the attackers could have swapped around the code after the ad was accepted.
since malvertisements are tricky to defend against, it is even more important that users run updated software on their computers and keep their security software current. the exploit kit also targeted java. users should either uninstall java, disable it entirely in the browser, or take other steps to protect themselves from attacks against java.
"if you needed another reason to disable java in your computer's browser, then there you have it," cluley said.
this story was updated with yahoo's more detailed statement on sunday
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aɪ rɪˈtərnd hoʊm tɪ dɪˈskəvər ə bɑks ɔn ðə stɛrz, ˈsɪtɪŋ baɪ ðə ˈsaɪdˌwɔk sɔlt, sɛnt frəm maɪ ˈsikrɪt ˈsænə ɪn ˈɑtəˌwɑ. ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðɛr wɑz səm ˈθɔtfəl gɪfts, ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ mi tɪ "dɪk", ən ˈaʊtˌdɔr ɛnˈθuziˌæst hu wɑz ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv əˈloʊn ɪn ðə ˈwɪldərnəs, ə ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri ɔn ðət aɪ ˈhævənt jɛt wɔʧt, bət naʊ θæŋks tɪ maɪ "sloʊθ ˈoʊvərˌlɔrd" ˈsænə, aɪ ʃæl. əˈpɛrəntli rɪˈfərd tɪ ɔl rɛd skwərəlz ɛz "ˈfrɛdi" ə fækt ðət aɪv naʊ ˈlərnɪd ˈrɛdɪŋ hɪz ˈʤərnəl, "mɔr ˈridɪŋz frəm wən mænz ˈwɪldərnəs" (ðə bʊk). ðə ˈʤərnəl ˈɛntriz ˈæˌkʧuəli meɪk fər səm ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈrɛdɪŋ; aɪv rɛd kəˈlɛkʃənz əv ˈlɛtərz ˌbiˈfɔr, bət ˈnɛvər ə ˈpəblɪʃt ˈʤərnəl. waɪl ˈrɛdɪŋ, əm ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ə bɪt əv ʤoʊ pəg, ɛz kəmˈpɛld baɪ maɪ dɪr ˈsænə. tɪ goʊ wɪθ ðɪs, aɪv bɪn blɛst wɪθ tu bɪrz ðət aɪv ˈnɛvər jɛt traɪd: ə ənd ə ˈsæmpəl əv hɪz hɪz oʊn bɪr (wɪl ˈəpˌdeɪt ˈleɪtər wɪn aɪ hæv ə sɪp!). ənd lɛts nɑt fərˈgɛt ðə pɑp rɑks! aɪ ˈhævənt hæd ðoʊz fər kwaɪt ə fju jɪrz! ˈmɛni θæŋks, ˈsænə! ˈɪtəl bi ˈθəroʊli ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd :di
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i returned home to discover a box on the stairs, sitting by the sidewalk salt, sent from my secret santa in ottawa. inside there was some thoughtful gifts, introducing me to "dick proenneke", an outdoor enthusiast who was the subject of alone in the wilderness, a documentary on pbs that i haven't yet watched, but now thanks to my "sloth overlord" santa, i shall. apparently proenneke referred to all red squirrels as "freddy" - a fact that i've now learned reading his journal, "more readings from one man's wilderness" (the book). the journal entries actually make for some interesting reading; i've read collections of letters before, but never a published journal. while reading, i'm listening to a bit of joe pug, as compelled by my dear santa. to go with this, i've been blessed with two beers that i've never yet tried: a yuengling and a sample of his his own homebrewed beer (will update later when i have a sip!).
and let's not forget the pop rocks! i haven't had those for quite a few years!
many thanks, santa! it'll be thoroughly enjoyed :d
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ʤɪst deɪz ˈæftər ˈdɑnəld trəmp wɑz ɪˈlɛktɪd nɛkst ˈprɛzɪdənt, meɪər ɛd li stʊd wɪθ ə laɪn əv tɔp ˈsɪti əˈfɪʃəlz ɔn ˈsɪti grænd ˈmɑrbəl ˈstɛrˌkeɪs tɪ ˈprɑməs ðət sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ wɪl əˈphoʊld ɪts ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri ˈsɪti lɔz prəˈtɛktɪŋ ˈpipəl hu ər ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ˌɪˈligəli. hæv bɪn ənd ˈɔlˌweɪz wɪl bi ə ˈsɪti əv ˈrɛfjuʤ, ə ˈsɪti əv ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri, ə ˈsɪti əv love,”*,” li toʊld ðə kraʊd ˈgæðərd fər ə ˈjunɪti ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ. ˈprɑməs tɪ bi ə ˈsɪti ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈwɛlkəmɪŋ. ðɛr ər noʊ wɔlz ɪn ɑr city!”*!” ˈəðər meɪərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðoʊz ɪn ˈpɔrtlənd, ɔr., siˈætəl ənd ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, meɪd ðə seɪm plɛʤ ɪn ðə deɪz ˈæftər ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən. tɔp ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ædˈvaɪzər, krɪs, ˈprɑmptli faɪərd bæk. ə əv ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl 2010 ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən lɔ, #sanctuarycities”*” ənd ʃɛrd pɑrt əv ən ˈɪntərvˌju hi hæd dən ɔn fɑks nuz. ʤɪst ˈθəmɪŋ ðɛr ˈnoʊzɪz æt ˈfɛdərəl lɔ ənd ˈpʊtɪŋ ðɛr oʊn ˈsɪtɪzənz ɪn danger,”*,” sɛd əv meɪərz laɪk li. trəmp, hi sɛd, meɪd ɪt ˈvɛri klɪr hi kɛrz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈvɪktɪmz əv ðiz ˌɪˈligəl ˈeɪliən ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri cities.”*.” ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ɪt wɑz əˈnaʊnst ðət pɪk fər əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ɪz ˌæləˈbæmə sɛn. ʤɛf ˈsɛʃənz, hu həz əˈpoʊzd ˈnɪrli ˈɛvəri ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən bɪl tɪ kəm ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈsɛnɪt ɪn ðə pæst 20 jɪrz ənd həz əˈpoʊzd ˈivɪn səm ˈligəl ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈproʊˌgræmz. trəmp həz plɛʤd tɪ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli dɪˈpɔrt ˈmɪljənz əv ˈɪməgrənts wəns hi teɪks ˈɔfəs ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. hi həz ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd hi wɪl strɪp ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri ˈsɪtiz ənd ˈkaʊntiz, wɪʧ ˈnəmbər mɔr ðən 300 əv ɔl ˈfɛdərəl ˈfəndɪŋ ɪf ðeɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ ʃild ˈɪməgrənts hu dɪd nɑt kəm tɪ ðə ˈkəntri ˈligəli. ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, wɪʧ rɪˈsivz əˈbaʊt 1 ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈfɛdərəl ˈfəndɪŋ iʧ jɪr, ˈsɪti əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ ðeɪ noʊ ðeɪ məst kˈwɪkli tərn ðɛr ˈplɛʤɪz ˈɪntu ˈkɑnkrit ˈækʃən. əˈməŋ ðə ˈɛfərts ɪkˈspɛktɪd ər ˈpɑsəbəl: ˈpəblɪk dɪˈfɛndər ʤɛf ɑˈdɑki wɔnts 5 ˈmɪljən ˈænjuəli fər hɪz ˈɔfəs tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən fər ˈpipəl ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən ˈligəl eɪd ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈkərəntli ˌgɛrənˈtid. hi sɛd hi hoʊps tɪ hæv ə prəˈpoʊzəl ˌbiˈfɔr ðə bɔrd əv ˌsupərˈvaɪzərz ɪn ðə nɛkst fju wiks. ˈsɪti əˈtərni ˈdɛnɪs ˈɔfəs ɪz ˈstədiɪŋ ˈvɛriəs ˈɔpʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ suɪŋ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ɪf ɪt dɪz wɪθˈhoʊld ˈfəndɪŋ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɪti ˈsupərˌvaɪzər ˈɛrən ˈpɛskɪn, hu həz bɪn ɪn tɔks wɪθ ðə ˈɔfəs. li, huz ˈpɛrənts ˈɪməˌgreɪtɪd ˈligəli tɪ ðə juz. frəm ˈʧaɪnə, vaʊd tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈdætə kəˈlɛktəd baɪ ðə ˈkaʊnti ˈɔfəs fər ˈɪʃuɪŋ ðə ˈsɪti ˈaɪˈdi kɑrd, wɪʧ ɪz juzd ˈmeɪnli baɪ ˈpipəl wɪˈθaʊt ˈligəl ˈstætəs ɛz pruf əv aɪˈdɛntəˌti ənd ˈrɛzɪdənsi. ðə skul ˈdɪstrɪkt, ðə ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ dɪˈpɑrtmənt, ˈʃɛrɪf ənd pəˈlis ʧif ɔl sɛd ðeɪ, tu, wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ əˈbaɪd baɪ sæn ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri ˈsɪti lɔz. mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən rɛd mɔr ðə ˈidɪkt frəm ðə meɪər ɪz, ðɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt wɪl səˈpɔrt ənd dɪˈfɛnd it,”*,” sɛd ˈæktɪŋ pəˈlis ʧif ˈtoʊni ˈʧæplɪn. ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən əˈtərniz ənd ˈædvəˌkeɪts, ðoʊ, ər ˈpʊʃɪŋ ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz tɪ teɪk mɔr sˈwipɪŋ ˈækʃən. əˈməŋ ðə aɪˈdiəz biɪŋ reɪzd ɪz ˈhævɪŋ ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə dɪˈklɛr ˌɪtˈsɛlf ə ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri steɪt ənd ˈɔfərɪŋ steɪt ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp. əˈnəðər prəˈpoʊzəl wʊd dɪˈrɛkt ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈmoʊtər ˈviɪkəlz tɪ ˈɔfər ˈlaɪsənsɪz ðət dɪˈnoʊt ðə ˈstætəs. bət səʧ aɪˈdiəz wʊd teɪk taɪm tɪ ɪˈnækt. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, ðə əˈʃʊrəntsɪz li ənd ˈəðərz kən ˈɔfər du ˈlɪtəl tɪ kwɛl ðə fɪr ˈpərmiˌeɪtɪŋ ðə lɪvz əv ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈɪməgrənts rɪˈzaɪdɪŋ ˌɪˈligəli ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ. ˈmərnə meɪlˈgɑr ɪz ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈʤeɪmzˌtaʊn kəmˈjunɪti ˈsɛnər ɪn ðə ˈmɪʃən ˈdɪstrɪkt, wɪʧ sərvz ˈʧɪldrən, 90 pərˈsɛnt əv hum ər ləˈtinoʊ ənd pur. ʃi kraɪd ɛz ʃi dɪˈskraɪbd ðə fɪr ʃi həz sin ðɛm ɪkˈsprɛs sɪns ˈəpˌsɛt ɪˈlɛkʃən. ˈmɛni ər ˈsɪtɪzənz baɪ bərθ bət hæv ˈpɛrənts hu ər nɑt. wər ɔl crying,”*,” ʃi sɛd. seɪɪŋ, ðət min maɪ goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt dɪˈpɔrtəd? dɪz ðət min maɪ goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt deported?’”*?’” ɪn ðə ˈmɪʃən, ʃi sɛd, trəmp ˈsədənli wɛnt frəm ə ʤoʊk hɪz feɪs ɔn ənd ˈəðər gæg gɪfts tɪ president-elect*. wɔk daʊn ˈmɪʃən strit, ənd ðɛr ər ɔl ðiz trəmp ɪn ɔl əv ðə stɔrz ɪt hæd bɪn ðə boogeyman,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ðɛn, tru. ðə ɪz real.”*.” ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, fɪrz əv wət meɪ laɪ əˈhɛd ˈreɪdiˌeɪt bɪɔnd ðə ˈhɛvəli ləˈtinoʊ ˈmɪʃən ˈdɪstrɪkt. vərˈɑnɪkə, 43 həz ɔl ðə ˈtræpɪŋz əv səkˈsɛs: θri ˈʧɪldrən, ən əˈpɑrtmənt ʃi rɛnts ɪn sæn hɪl ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ənd ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ʃi oʊnz ɪn ˈlɑrkˌspər. bət əˈʧivd ɪt ɔl waɪl ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə juz. ˌɪˈligəli. vərˈɑnɪkə, hu spoʊk ɔn ðə kənˈdɪʃən ðə ˈkrɑnɪkəl wʊd nɑt juz hər læst neɪm, sɛd hər sən həz ɔˈrɛdi æst hər haʊ ðə ˈfæməli wʊd haɪd. ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ happen,”*,” ʃi əˈʃʊrd ɪm. bət ʃi ɪz nɑt ʃʊr ʃi bɪˈlivz ðət. ʃi ˈɪməˌgreɪtɪd ˌɪˈligəli wɪθ ən ˈdɔtər tɪ ʤɔɪn hər ˈhəzbənd ɪn ðə juz. 22 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. hər ˈdɔtər əbˈteɪnd ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈligəl ˈstætəs ənd wərk ˌɔθərəˈzeɪʃən θru ə ˈfɛdərəl ˈproʊˌgræm, wɪʧ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ɪkˈspɛkt trəmp tɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt. hər ˈəðər ˈʧɪldrən ər juz. ˈsɪtɪzənz baɪ bərθ, bət vərˈɑnɪkə ənd hər ˈhəzbənd rɪˈmeɪn ənˈdɑkjəmɛnɪd. faɪv jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ðə ˈkəpəl ˈoʊpənd ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ɪn ˈlɑrkˌspər. ðeɪ hæv 20 ɪmˈplɔɪiz, ɔl əv ðɛm ləˈtinoʊ ənd ˈmɛni ˈfɪrfəl əv ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən. vərˈɑnɪkə sɛd ðeɪ noʊ ðɛr bɔs wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlɪvɪŋ hir ˌɪˈligəli, bət naʊ ʃi wɔnts ðɛm tɪ noʊ nɑt əˈloʊn. fil praʊd tɪ bi ən ənˈdɑkjəmɛnɪd ˈɪməgrənt ənd hæv ðɪs ˈrɛˌstrɑnt, bɪˈkəz ˈpipəl frəm ɔl ˈoʊvər əraɪv ənd seɪ, wɔnt tɪ tɔk tɪ ðə owner.’*.’ ənd aɪ æm ðə owner,”*,” ʃi sɛd. hæv əˈʧivd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən dream.”*.” ðə fəˈlɑsəfi bɪˈhaɪnd ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri ˈsɪtiz ɪz tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈpipəl ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ˌɪˈligəli frəm biɪŋ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd tɪ ˈfɛdərəl ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən əˈfɪʃəlz soʊ ðeɪ wɪl fil ˌənəˈfreɪd tɪ lɪv ˈoʊpən lɪvz: koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪŋ wɪθ pəˈlis ənd ˈkəmɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd ɪf ðeɪ ˈwɪtnəs ə kraɪm, ənd ˈhævɪŋ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ hɛlθ ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈsərvɪsɪz. sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ əˈdɑptəd ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri ˈstætəs ɪn 1989 ˈæftər ˈlərnɪŋ ðət ənˈdɑkjəmɛnɪd ˈvɪktɪmz əv dəˈmɛstɪk ˈvaɪələns wər nɑt ˈkəmɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd fər fɪr əv ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən. ˈrɑbərt ˈrubɪn, ˈfɔrmərli wɪθ ðə ˈlɔjərz kəˈmɪti fər ˈsɪvəl raɪts, ˈdræftɪd ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri ˈsɪti ˈɔrdənəns. hi wɔrnz ðət əˈbɑlɪʃɪŋ ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri ˈstætəs wʊd ɛnd kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən wɪθ pəˈlis ənd sɛnd kraɪm ˈəndərˌgraʊnd. iʧ ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən ɪˈstæblɪʃɪz ɪts oʊn ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri rulz. sæn ɪz əˈməŋ ðə moʊst ɪkˈspænsɪv, wɪθ strɪkt ˈlɪmɪts ɔn wɪn ˈfɛdərəl ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈeɪʤənts ər ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd ðət ˈsəmˌwən hu ɪz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ˌɪˈligəli ɪz biɪŋ hɛld ɪn ˈkaʊnti ʤeɪl. ˈfɔrmər ˈʃɛrɪf rɔs bɑrd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən wɪθ ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənts ɪn ˈvərʧuəli ɔl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz. ðət ˈpɑləsi meɪd ˈnæʃənəl ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz ənd ərnd skɔrn frəm trəmp ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðərz ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2015 wɪn ˈkæθrɪn ˈstaɪnəl wɑz ʃɑt ənd kɪld waɪl ˈwɔkɪŋ wɪθ hər ˈfɑðər əˈlɔŋ sæn pɪr 14 ðə əˈlɛʤd əˈseɪlənt, wɑn frænˈsɪskoʊ, ɪz ə ˈmɛksəkən ˈɪməgrənt wɪθ ə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈrɛkərd, ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ˌɪˈligəli, hu hæd bɪn dɪˈpɔrtəd faɪv taɪmz. ˈfɛdərəl əˈfɪʃəlz hæd tərnd ɪm ˈoʊvər tɪ sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ɪn mɑrʧ 2015 tɪ feɪs ən oʊld ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ʧɑrʤ, bət ˈəndər ˈpɑləsi hi wɑz riˈlist wɪˈθaʊt ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃən tɪ ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈeɪʤənts. ˈfæməli həz sud ðə ˈsɪti, seɪɪŋ ʃʊd hæv bɪn kɛpt ɪn ˈkəstədi ənd dɪˈpɔrtəd jɛt əˈgɛn. hi ɪz du tɪ stænd traɪəl fər ˈmərdər ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri. ə ˈfɛdərəl ˈmæʤɪˌstreɪt ʤəʤ ɪz weɪɪŋ ə ˈmoʊʃən baɪ ðə ˈsɪti ənd ðə juz. ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ dɪsˈmɪs ðə ˈstaɪnəl ˈlɔˌsut. trəmp sizd ɔn dɛθ. tu wiks ˌbiˈfɔr ʃi wɑz kɪld, hi bɪˈgæn hɪz ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn baɪ seɪɪŋ hi wʊd bɪld ə wɔl ɔn ðə ˈmɛksəkən ˈbɔrdər. hi ˈpeɪnɪd ˈmɛksəkən ˈɪməgrənts ɛz ˈkrɪmənəlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈreɪpɪsts ənd drəg ˈdilərz. ɪn hɪz əkˈsɛptəns spiʧ æt ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈnɑməˌneɪtɪŋ kənˈvɛnʃən ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, trəmp sɛd: əˈpoʊnənt wɔnts ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri ˈsɪtiz. bət wɛr wɑz ðə ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri fər keɪt steinle?”*?” ˈæftər ˈvɪki ˈhɛnəsi səkˈsidɪd ɛz ˈʃɛrɪf ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri, ˌsupərˈvaɪzərz əˈpruvd ə slaɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ðə ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri ˈpɑləsi. ɪt əˈlaʊz ðə ˈʃɛrɪf tɪ ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪ ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈeɪʤənts ɪf ˈsəmˌwən wɪˈθaʊt ˈligəl ˈstætəs ɪz biɪŋ hɛld ɔn ə ˈvaɪələnt ər ˈsɪriəs ˈfɛləni ʧɑrʤ ənd həz hæd ˈsərtən ˈfɛləni kənˈvɪkʃənz ɪn ðə pæst. ˌbiˈfɔr səʧ ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃən, ðoʊ, ə ʤəʤ məst dɪˈtərmən ðɛr ɪz ˈprɑbəbəl kɔz tɪ hoʊld ðə dɪˈfɛndənt ɔn ðə ˈkɑrənt ʧɑrʤ. soʊ fɑr, noʊ ˈɪnˌmeɪt həz mɛt ðoʊz kraɪˈtɪriə. ˈkrɪsʧɪn bwɛnˈroʊstroʊ, 23 ɪz æt haɪ rɪsk əv ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən ˈəndər plæn. hi həz ə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈrɛkərd. bwɛnˈroʊstroʊ wɑz brɔt tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts baɪ hɪz ˈpɛrənts frəm ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈsɪti wɪn hi wɑz ə ˈtɑdlər. hi nu frəm ə jəŋ eɪʤ hi wɑz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ˌɪˈligəli, bət hi ˌəndərˈstænd wət ðət mɛnt. wɑz laɪk, du ju min wi hæv ˈpeɪpərz? wi ʤɪst prɪnt ðɛm out?’”*?’” ɛz ə ˈtiˌneɪʤər, hɪz ˈstætəs bɪˈgæn weɪɪŋ ɔn ɪm. hi fɛlt hi hæd noʊ ril fˈjuʧər, soʊ hi drɑpt aʊt əv haɪ skul ənd tʊk ə ʤɑb æt ˈbərgər kɪŋ ɪn colma*. æt 18 hi gɑt ɪn ə faɪt wɪθ hɪz ˈgərlˌfrɛnd ɪn ə stɔr ˈpɑrkɪŋ lɔt. ˈbaɪˌstændərz kɔld ðə pəˈlis, ənd bwɛnˈroʊstroʊ wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ənd ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈbætəri ənd dəˈmɛstɪk ˈvaɪələns. hi sɛd hi hɪt hɪz ˈgərlˌfrɛnd, bət ðət ɔn ðə ədˈvaɪs əv hɪz ˈlɔjər, hi ˈplidɪd ˈgɪlti tɪ ˌmɪsdəˈminər ˈbætəri bɪˈkəz goʊɪŋ tɪ traɪəl wɑz tu ˈrɪski. hi ˈriəˌlaɪz əkˈsɛptɪŋ ðət pli kʊd lɛd tɪ hɪz ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən. hi ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ə nu ˈlɔjər tɪ traɪ tɪ gɪt hɪz ˈrɛkərd ɪkˈspənʤd. bət hi noʊz ðɛr ɪz ə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti bi dɪˈpɔrtəd tɪ ə ˈkəntri hi rɪˈmɛmbər ənd wɛr hi noʊz noʊ wən. fər naʊ, hi lɪvz wɪθ hɪz ˈpɛrənts ənd ˈjəŋgər ˈbrəðər, ə juz. ˈsɪtɪzən, ɪn ˈdeɪli ˈsɪti. fil laɪk ə criminal,”*,” bwɛnˈroʊstroʊ sɛd wɪθ ə læf. hɪz vɔɪs ˈtaɪtənd. θɪŋk aɪ læf bɪˈkəz əv kənfˈjuʒən. ənd skɛrd. aɪ weɪk əp ˈɛvəri deɪ nɑt noʊɪŋ ðə ˈpərpəs. ˈrɪli stək. fɪld wɪθ æŋˈzaɪəti ˈɛvəri day.”*.” ˈsteɪtɪd plænz fər ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ˌɪˈligəl ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən hæv ʧeɪnʤd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈoʊvər ðə pæst 18 mənθs, ənd ˈsɪti əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ ðeɪ hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə wət tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kæmˈpeɪn, trəmp sɛd hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ dɪˈpɔrt ɔl 11 ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl hu ər ɪn ðə juz. ˌɪˈligəli. sɪns biɪŋ ɪˈlɛktɪd, hi həz sɛd ðət hi ˌɪnˈstɛd wɔnts tɪ kˈwɪkli dɪˈpɔrt 2 ˈmɪljən tɪ 3 ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl wɪθ ˈkrɪmənəl ˈrɛkərdz, ənd ˌdɪˈsaɪd wət tɪ du əˈbaʊt ðə rɛst ˈleɪtər. feɪ, ə ˈpɑləsi ˈænəlɪst wɪθ ðə maɪˈgreɪʃən ˈpɑləsi ˈɪnstɪˌtut, ə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən θɪŋk tæŋk, sɛd ðət ðə ˈnəmbər trəmp həz ˈsaɪtɪd mɔr ˈrisəntli kriˈeɪtɪd ə lɔt əv confusion.”*.” ɪt ˈprɑbəˌbli kəmz frəm ə 2012 ˈɛstəˌmeɪt baɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti ðət ðɛr wər ˈmɪljən ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts hu kʊd bi dɪˈpɔrtəd bɪˈkəz əv ˈkrɪmənəl kənˈvɪkʃənz. əv ðoʊz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən, ər hir ˌɪˈligəli, ənd 37 pərˈsɛnt əv ðoʊz hæv ˈfɛləni kənˈvɪkʃənz. sɛd ðət baɪ ðoʊz ˈɛstəˌmeɪts, ˈtərgət ˈnəmbər kʊd bi riˈmoʊtli ˈækjərət ˈoʊnli ɪf hi ˌɪnˈtɛndz tɪ kˈwɪkli dɪˈpɔrt ɔl ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðoʊz hir ˈligəli ənd ɪf hi ɪz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈɛni sɔrt əv kraɪm, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌmɪsdəˈminərz, ˈtræfɪk vaɪəˈleɪʃənz ənd ˈnusəns kraɪmz. ðət wʊd min ə ˈsɪləkən ˈvæli ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr hir ɔn ən wərk ˈvizə hu həz ə ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ ɔn hɪz ˈrɛkərd wʊd bi æt ðə seɪm rɪsk əv biɪŋ dɪˈpɔrtəd ɛz ˈsəmˌwən kənˈvɪktəd əv ə ˈvaɪələnt kraɪm. trəmp həz sɛd ðət ˈstrɪpɪŋ ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri ˈsɪtiz əv ˈfɛdərəl ˈfəndɪŋ wʊd əˈkər ɪn hɪz fərst 100 deɪz ɪn ˈɔfəs. ðə 1 ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈfɛdərəl fəndz sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ rɪˈsivz ˈænjuəli meɪks əp mɔr ðən 10 pərˈsɛnt əv ɪts ˈbɪljən ˈbəʤɪt. ðə nu ˈprɛzɪdənt kʊd ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt səm ˈrɛlətɪvli smɔl grænts tɪ ðə ˈsɪti ˌjunəˈlætərəli, bət ˈmeɪʤər ˈfəndɪŋ kəts wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈækʃən. waɪl məʧ ɪz ənˈsərtən, ˈsɪti əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ ðeɪ noʊ tu θɪŋz: bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈstaɪnəl keɪs, sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ɪz ʃʊr tɪ bi ə ˈtərgət əv ðə nu ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ənd ðə ˈsɪti nidz tɪ priˈpɛr fər ðə wərst ˈpɑsəbəl sɪˈnɛrioʊ. ɪts fərst muv ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ɛˈnæktɪŋ plæn tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈligəl ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən ɪn ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən prəˈsidɪŋz. ðə ˈpəblɪk dɪˈfɛndər sɛd hi wʊd beɪs ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ɔn ˈsɪmələr wənz ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ənd nu ˈʤərzi. ˈditeɪlz əv hɪz prəˈpoʊzəl ər stɪl biɪŋ ˈsɔrtɪd aʊt, ɑˈdɑki sɛd, bət hi ɪkˈspɛkts tɪ rɪkˈwɛst 5 ˈmɪljən tɪ haɪər 10 əˈtərniz ənd peɪ nɑnˈprɑfət ˈligəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz fər hɛlp. ə ʤun rɪˈpɔrt baɪ ðə ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən fər ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən, ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən əv ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən grups, sɛd ðət 68 pərˈsɛnt əv dɪˈteɪnd ˈɪməgrənts ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə hæv noʊ ˈligəl ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən. ðoʊz hu du hæv ˈkaʊnsəl, ɪt sɛd, ər faɪv taɪmz ɛz ˈlaɪkli tɪ wɪn ðɛr ˈkeɪsɪz. frænˈsɪskoʊ uˈgɑrti, haɪərd ɪn 2014 ɛz ðə fərst ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈspɛʃəlɪst ɪn ˈɔfəs, ɪz ðə ˈlaɪkli ʧɔɪs tɪ lɛd ðə nu ˈɛfərt. waɪl ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən əˈtərniz noʊ wət tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ˈəndər trəmp, hi sɛd, sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ nidz tɪ bi ˈrɛdi tɪ faɪt. bæd ɛz θɪŋz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi, wi hæv tɪ steɪ kɑm ənd bi strɔŋ, ənd lɪv ɑr lɪvz ənd faɪt wɪn necessary,”*,” uˈgɑrti sɛd. θɪŋk θɔt θru haʊ hɑrd goʊɪŋ tɪ faɪt back.”*.” ˈhɛðər naɪt ənd ˈɛmɪli grin ər sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈkrɑnɪkəl stæf ˈraɪtərz. iˈmeɪl: hknight@sfchronicle.com*, tˈwɪtər: @hknightsf*,
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just days after donald trump was elected america’s next president, mayor ed lee stood with a line of top city officials on city hall’s grand marble staircase to promise that san francisco will uphold its 27-year-old sanctuary city laws protecting people who are in the country illegally.
“we have been and always will be a city of refuge, a city of sanctuary, a city of love,” lee told the crowd gathered for a unity ceremony on monday. “we promise to be a city that’s always welcoming. there are no walls in our city!”
other mayors, including those in portland, ore., seattle and chicago, made the same pledge in the days after the election. trump’s top immigration adviser, kris kobach, promptly fired back. a co-author of arizona’s controversial 2010 immigration law, kobach tweeted “end #sanctuarycities” and shared part of an interview he had done on fox news.
“they’re just thumbing their noses at federal law and putting their own citizens in danger,” kobach said of mayors like lee. trump, he said, “has made it very clear he cares about the victims of these illegal alien sanctuary cities.”
on friday, it was announced that trump’s pick for attorney general is alabama sen. jeff sessions, who has opposed nearly every immigration bill to come before the senate in the past 20 years and has opposed even some legal immigration programs.
trump has pledged to immediately deport millions of immigrants once he takes office in january. he has also said he will strip sanctuary cities and counties, which number more than 300, of all federal funding if they continue to shield immigrants who did not come to the country legally.
in san francisco, which receives about $1 billion in federal funding each year, city officials say they know they must quickly turn their pledges into concrete action. among the efforts expected or possible:
• public defender jeff adachi wants $5 million annually for his office to provide representation for people facing deportation — legal aid they are not currently guaranteed. he said he hopes to have a proposal before the board of supervisors in the next few weeks.
• city attorney dennis herrera’s office is studying various options, including suing the federal government if it does withhold funding, according to city supervisor aaron peskin, who has been in talks with the office.
• lee, whose parents immigrated legally to the u.s. from china, vowed to protect data collected by the county clerk’s office for issuing the sf city id card, which is used mainly by people without legal status as proof of identity and residency.
• the school district, the public health department, sheriff and police chief all said they, too, will continue to abide by san francisco’s sanctuary city laws.
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“whatever the edict from the mayor is, this department will support and defend it,” said acting police chief toney chaplin.
immigration attorneys and advocates, though, are pushing politicians to take more sweeping action. among the ideas being raised is having california declare itself a sanctuary state and offering state citizenship. another proposal would direct the department of motor vehicles to offer driver’s licenses that don’t denote the holder’s status.
but such ideas would take time to enact. in the meantime, the assurances lee and others can offer do little to quell the fear permeating the lives of many of the estimated 44,000 immigrants residing illegally in san francisco.
myrna melgar is the executive director of jamestown community center in the mission district, which serves 1,500 children, 90 percent of whom are latino and poor. she cried as she described the fear she has seen them express since trump’s upset election. many are citizens by birth but have parents who are not.
“they were all crying,” she said. “they’re saying, ‘does that mean my dad’s going to get deported? does that mean my mom’s going to get deported?’”
in the mission, she said, trump suddenly went from a joke — his face on piñatas and other gag gifts — to president-elect.
“you walk down mission street, and there are all these trump piñatas in all of the stores — it had been the boogeyman,” she said. “and then, it’s true. the boogeyman is real.”
in san francisco, fears of what may lie ahead radiate beyond the heavily latino mission district.
veronica, 43, has all the trappings of success: three children, an apartment she rents in san francisco’s nob hill neighborhood and a restaurant she owns in larkspur. but she’s achieved it all while living in the u.s. illegally.
veronica, who spoke on the condition the chronicle would not use her last name, said her 14-year-old son has already asked her how the family would hide. “nothing is going to happen,” she assured him. but she is not sure she believes that.
she immigrated illegally — with an 8-month-old daughter — to join her husband in the u.s. 22 years ago. her daughter obtained temporary legal status and work authorization through a federal program, which many people expect trump to eliminate. her other children are u.s. citizens by birth, but veronica and her husband remain undocumented.
five years ago, the couple opened a restaurant in larkspur. they have 20 employees, all of them latino and many fearful of deportation. veronica said they didn’t know their boss was also living here illegally, but now she wants them to know they’re not alone.
“i feel proud to be an undocumented immigrant and have this restaurant, because people from all over arrive and say, ‘i want to talk to the owner.’ and i am the owner,” she said. “i have achieved the american dream.”
the philosophy behind sanctuary cities is to protect people living in the country illegally from being identified to federal immigration officials so they will feel unafraid to live open lives: cooperating with police and coming forward if they witness a crime, and having access to health and education services.
san francisco adopted sanctuary status in 1989 after learning that undocumented victims of domestic violence were not coming forward for fear of deportation. robert rubin, formerly with the lawyers committee for civil rights, drafted the city’s original sanctuary city ordinance. he warns that abolishing sanctuary status would end cooperation with police and send crime underground.
each jurisdiction establishes its own sanctuary rules. san francisco’s is among the most expansive, with strict limits on when federal immigration agents are notified that someone who is in the country illegally is being held in county jail. former sheriff ross mirkarimi barred communication with federal agents in virtually all circumstances.
that policy made national headlines — and earned scorn from trump and many others — in july 2015, when 32-year-old kathryn steinle was shot and killed while walking with her father along san francisco’s pier 14.
the alleged assailant, juan francisco lopez-sanchez, is a mexican immigrant with a criminal record, in the country illegally, who had been deported five times. federal officials had turned him over to san francisco in march 2015 to face an old marijuana charge, but under mirkarimi’s policy he was released without notification to immigration agents.
steinle’s family has sued the city, saying lopez-sanchez should have been kept in custody and deported yet again. he is due to stand trial for second-degree murder in february. a federal magistrate judge is weighing a motion by the city and the u.s. government to dismiss the steinle family’s lawsuit.
trump seized on steinle’s death. two weeks before she was killed, he began his presidential campaign by saying he would build a wall on the mexican border. he painted mexican immigrants as criminals, including rapists and drug dealers. in his acceptance speech at the republican nominating convention in july, trump said: “my opponent wants sanctuary cities. but where was the sanctuary for kate steinle?”
after vicki hennessy succeeded mirkarimi as sheriff in january, supervisors approved a slight change in the city’s sanctuary policy. it allows the sheriff to notify immigration agents if someone without legal status is being held on a violent or serious felony charge and has had certain felony convictions in the past. before such notification, though, a judge must determine there is probable cause to hold the defendant on the current charge.
so far, no inmate has met those criteria.
christian buenrostro, 23, is at high risk of deportation under trump’s plan. he has a criminal record.
buenrostro was brought to the united states by his parents from mexico city when he was a toddler. he knew from a young age he was in the country illegally, but he didn’t understand what that meant. “i was like, ‘what do you mean we don’t have papers? can’t we just print them out?’”
as a teenager, his status began weighing on him. he felt he had no real future, so he dropped out of high school and took a job at burger king in colma. at 18, he got in a fight with his girlfriend in a store parking lot. bystanders called the police, and buenrostro was arrested and charged with battery and domestic violence. he said he didn’t hit his girlfriend, but that on the advice of his lawyer, he pleaded guilty to misdemeanor battery because going to trial was too risky. he didn’t realize accepting that plea could lead to his deportation.
he is working with a new lawyer to try to get his record expunged. but he knows there is a possibility he’ll be deported to a country he doesn’t remember and where he knows no one. for now, he lives with his parents and younger brother, a u.s. citizen, in daly city.
“i don’t feel like a criminal,” buenrostro said with a laugh. his voice tightened. “i think i laugh because of confusion. and i’m scared. ... i wake up every day not knowing what’s the purpose. i’m really stuck. filled with anxiety every day.”
trump’s stated plans for dealing with illegal immigration have changed significantly over the past 18 months, and city officials say they have no idea what to expect.
during the campaign, trump said he wanted to deport all 11 million people who are in the u.s. illegally. since being elected, he has said that he instead wants to quickly deport 2 million to 3 million people with criminal records, and decide what to do about the rest later.
faye hipsman, a policy analyst with the migration policy institute, a washington think tank, said that the number trump has cited more recently “has created a lot of confusion.” it probably comes from a 2012 estimate by the department of homeland security that there were 1.9 million noncitizens living in the united states who could be deported because of criminal convictions. of those, according to hipsman’s organization, 820,000 are here illegally, and 37 percent of those have felony convictions.
hipsman said that by those estimates, trump’s target number could be remotely accurate only if he intends to quickly deport all noncitizens — including those here legally — and if he is including any sort of crime, including misdemeanors, traffic violations and nuisance crimes. that would mean a silicon valley software engineer here on an h-1b work visa who has a dui on his record would be at the same risk of being deported as someone convicted of a violent crime.
trump has said that stripping sanctuary cities of federal funding would occur in his first 100 days in office. the $1 billion in federal funds san francisco receives annually makes up more than 10 percent of its $9.6 billion budget. the new president could eliminate some relatively small grants to the city unilaterally, but major funding cuts would require congressional action.
while much is uncertain, city officials say they know two things: because of the steinle case, san francisco is sure to be a target of the new administration, and the city needs to prepare for the worst possible scenario.
its first move is likely to be enacting adachi’s plan to provide legal representation in deportation proceedings. the public defender said he would base the program on similar ones in new york city and new jersey. details of his proposal are still being sorted out, adachi said, but he expects to request $5 million to hire 10 attorneys and pay nonprofit legal organizations for help.
a june report by the california coalition for universal representation, a coalition of immigration groups, said that 68 percent of detained immigrants in california have no legal representation. those who do have counsel, it said, are five times as likely to win their cases.
francisco ugarte, hired in 2014 as the first immigration specialist in adachi’s office, is the likely choice to lead the new effort. while immigration attorneys don’t know what to expect under trump, he said, san francisco needs to be ready to fight.
“as bad as things are going to be, we have to stay calm and be strong, and live our lives and fight when necessary,” ugarte said. “i don’t think he’s thought through how hard we’re going to fight back.”
heather knight and emily green are san francisco chronicle staff writers. email: hknight@sfchronicle.com, egreen@sfchronicle.com twitter: @hknightsf, @emilytgreen
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ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ərθ ˈsaɪənsɪz prəˈfɛsər sɪz ðə ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri əv siˈætəl ˈsiˌhɔks' ˈhoʊmˌtaʊn fænz ˈrɛʤɪstərd ɔn ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ wɪθ ˈrəfli ðə seɪm ˈɛnərʤi ɛz ə ˈmægnəˌtud 1 ər 2 ˈərθkˌweɪk ˈdʊrɪŋ siˈætəlz ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt ˈvɪktəri ˈoʊvər ðə nu ˌɔˈrlinz seɪnts. ʤɑn ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ˌnɔrθˈwɛst ˈsaɪzmɪk ˈnɛtˌwərk. hi sɪz ɪts hɑrd tɪ kəmˈpɛr ðə fænz' hæf ˈmɪnət əv ˈstɑmpɪŋ, ˈʤəmpɪŋ ənd ˈʃaʊtɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ə fərst kˈwɔrtər ˈfəmbəl rɪˈtərn fər ə ˈtəʧˌdaʊn tɪ ðə kwɪk "pɑp" əv ə smɔl ˈərθkˌweɪk. stɪl hi sɪz, "ðə ˈɛnərʤi ɪz ˈvɛri ˈrəfli ðə seɪm." ðə ɪn kˈwɛʃən ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd nɪr fild. sɪz ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈkɔrdɪd "θri ər fɔr mɔr gʊd bərsts," ˈɔlˌweɪz ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdɪŋ wɪθ ˈsiˌhɔks' ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz. ðə seɪm rɪˈkɔrdɪd fænz' ˈnɔɪzi riˈækʃən tɪ ˈlɪnʧɪz "bist kweɪk" bæk ɔn ʤæn. 8 2011 wɪn lɪnʧ ræn 67 jɑrdz fər ə ˈtəʧˌdaʊn ðət klɪnʧt ə pleɪɔf ˈvɪktəri ˈoʊvər ðə seɪnts. sɪz hɪz læb ˈdɪdənt kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪ ðət wən wɪθ ə ˈmægnəˌtud.
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a university of washington earth sciences professor says the legendary noisemaking of seattle seahawks' hometown fans registered on a nearby seismometer with roughly the same energy as a magnitude 1 or 2 earthquake during seattle's 34-7 monday night victory over the new orleans saints.
john vidale is also director of the pacific northwest seismic network. he says it's hard to compare the fans' half minute of stomping, jumping and shouting during a first quarter fumble return for a touchdown to the quick "pop" of a small earthquake. still he says, "the energy is very roughly the same."
the uw seismometer in question is located near centurylink field.
vidale says it also recorded "three or four more good bursts," always coinciding with seahawks' touchdowns.
the same seismometer recorded fans' noisy reaction to marshawn lynch's "beast quake" back on jan. 8, 2011, when lynch ran 67 yards for a touchdown that clinched a playoff victory over the saints. vidale says his lab didn't quantify that one with a magnitude.
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gɑnd ðə ˈdiəti əv ˌɪnˈvɛnʃən ˌɪnˈspaɪrz ˈmɔrtəlz tɪ kriˈeɪt, peɪɪŋ noʊ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv ðɛr ˌɪnˈvɛnʃənz. gɑnd həz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ɛnˈkərɪʤmənt ənd həz sɛnt hɪz ˈklɛrɪks tɪ ˈɔfər rɪˈwɔrdz fər ˈɑrtəzənz ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ðət kən kræft ˈvæljəbəl ənd ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv ˈaɪtəmz. ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 31 2014 pleɪərz wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ðə ˈwəndərz əv gɑnd ɪˈvɛnt. ədˈvɛnʧərərz wɪl ʃoʊ ɔf ðɛr ˈkræftɪŋ ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ skɪlz ɛz ðeɪ wərk təˈwɔrdz kriˈeɪtɪŋ mægˈnɪfɪsənt nu ˈaɪtəmz! ˈwəndərz əv gɑnd ɪˈvɛnt bɪˈgɪnz: ˌʤuˈlaɪ 31 2014 æt 10 a.m*. (pəˈsɪfɪk) (wɪn ɪz ðɪs fər ju?) ˈwəndərz əv gɑnd ɪˈvɛnt ɛndz: ˈɔgəst 4 2014 æt 10 a.m*. (pəˈsɪfɪk) (wɪn ɪz ðɪs fər ju?) ˈfərðərˌmɔr pleɪərz wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ juz ðə ˈgeɪtˌweɪ tɪ kəˈlɛkt ɪˈvɛnt ˈaɪtəmz ɛz wɛl ɛz kəˈlɛktɪŋ rəˈfaɪnmənt ˈaɪtəmz θru prəˈfɛʃən tæsks. səkˈsɛsfəli kriˈeɪt ðiz nu ˌɪnəˈveɪʃənz ənd pleɪərz wɪl bi ˈhænsəmli rɪˈwɔrdɪd. ə snik pik æt wən əv ðə rɪˈwɔrdz: ˌæpərˈætəs əv gɑnd bi rɪˈvilɪŋ fʊl ˈditeɪlz ɔn ðə ɪˈvɛnt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɔl əv ðə rɪˈwɔrdz, nɛkst wik ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɪˈvɛnt goʊz lɪv. ər ju ˈrɛdi tɪ kræft ˈvæljəbəl ənd ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv ˈaɪtəmz? lɛt ˈjuˈɛs noʊ ɔn ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈfɔrəmz! ˈhɪdən wɪˈθɪn ðɪs blɔg ɪz ə koʊd ðət kən bi rɪˈdimd fər ən ˈtaɪtəl ənd ˈəðər ˈhɛlpfəl ˈaɪtəmz! ɪf ju faɪnd ɪt, ðə koʊd məst bi rɪˈdimd ɔn ɑrk. wəns rɪˈdimd ju wɪl bi ˈɛnərd tɪ wɪn ə ˈpriviəs ɪˈvɛnt ˈaɪtəm! ækt fæst ðɛr ər ˈoʊnli ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈnəmbər əv rɪˈdɛmʃənz. gʊd lək! ðɛr ər noʊ mɔr rɪˈdɛmʃənz rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ. kənˈgræts tɪ ˈɛvriˌwən hu faʊnd ðə koʊd, kip ən aɪ aʊt fər ðə praɪz əˈnaʊnsmɛnt tɪ si ɪf juv wən ə ˈpriviəs ɪˈvɛnt ˈaɪtəm! klɪk hir tɪ ˈrɛʤɪstər fər, ðə ˈdənʤənz ˈdrægənz ˈækʃən mmorpg*. ðə bɛst pɑrt əˈbaʊt: ɪts fri tɪ pleɪ! gɪt ə hɛd stɑrt baɪ ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ˈaɪtəm pæks wɪʧ ˌɪnˈklud juˈnik kəmˈpænjənz, maʊnts, busts, ənd ɪkˈsklusɪv ˈbɛnəfɪts! wɔnt mɔr geɪm ˈditeɪlz, skrinz, ənd ˈvɪdioʊz? laɪk ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk fər mɔr ˈkɑntɛnt ənd ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn tˈwɪtər twit ˈjuˈɛs jʊr kˈwɛsʧənz! ənd, səbˈskraɪb tɪ ɑr ˈjuˌtub ˈʧænəl fər ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈvɪdioʊz.
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gond the deity of invention inspires mortals to create, paying no attention to the consequences of their inventions. gond has identified neverwinter as requiring encouragement and has sent his clerics to offer rewards for artisans and engineers that can craft valuable and innovative items.
starting on july 31, 2014, players will be able to participate in the wonders of gond event. adventurers will show off their crafting and engineering skills as they work towards creating magnificent new items!
wonders of gond event begins: july 31, 2014 at 10 a.m. pdt (pacific) (when is this for you?)
wonders of gond event ends: august 4, 2014 at 10 a.m. pdt (pacific) (when is this for you?)
furthermore players will be able to use the neverwinter gateway to collect event items as well as collecting refinement items through profession tasks. successfully create these new innovations and players will be handsomely rewarded. here’s a sneak peek at one of the rewards:
toy apparatus of gond
we’ll be revealing full details on the event, including all of the rewards, next week before the event goes live. are you ready to craft valuable and innovative items? let us know on the official neverwinter forums!
hidden within this blog is a code that can be redeemed for an in-game title and other helpful items! if you find it, the code must be redeemed on arc. once redeemed you will be entered to win a previous event item! act fast there are only a limited number of redemptions. good luck! there are no more redemptions remaining. congrats to everyone who found the code, keep an eye out for the prize announcement to see if you've won a previous event item!
click here to register for neverwinter, the dungeons & dragons action mmorpg. the best part about neverwinter: it's free to play! get a head start in-game by purchasing neverwinter item packs which include unique companions, mounts, boosts, and exclusive benefits!
want more game details, screens, and videos? like neverwinter on facebook for more fan-exclusive content and follow us on twitter – tweet us your questions! and, subscribe to our youtube channel for the latest neverwinter videos.
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ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈbæθˌrum ɪz noʊ bɪg dil fər moʊst ˈpipəl, bət fər breɪ kɑrnz, ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ækt. ðə ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈwʊmən, 23 ɪz ˈjuzɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪtiz tɪ ʃoʊ ðət ən əˈmɛndmənt tɪ ə bɪl kʊd ɪkˈspoʊz ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈpipəl tɪ ˈdeɪnʤər. ˈɑrtɪkəl kənˈtɪnjuz bɪˈloʊ ðə əˈmɛndmənt wʊd gɪv ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz əv fəˈsɪlɪtiz səʧ ɛz ˈbɑθˌrumz, ˈʃɛltərz ənd ˈprɪzənz ðə paʊər tɪ prɪˈvɛnt trænz ˈpipəl frəm ˈjuzɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪtiz ðət mæʧ ðɛr ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti. ˈgɪvɪŋ ðɛm wət ðeɪ want,”*,” kɑrnz sɛd. ˈæktɪvli ʃoʊɪŋ ðɛm wət ɪt wʊd lʊk laɪk ɪf ðət bɪˈkeɪm lɔ ənd haʊ kəmˈplitli rɪˈdɪkjələs ɪt ɪz. ʤɪst nɑt right.”*.” ðə vɪkˈtɔriə ˈrɛzɪdənt sɛd ənˈkəmfərtəbəl fər ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðə ˈbæθˌrum, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ hərˈsɛlf, wɪn ʃi ˈɛnərz. ə sɛns əv, oʊ, ɪn ðə rɔŋ place,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ˈskɛri. ˈləkəli, aɪ hæd ˈɛni ˌɑltərˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ðə rum ðəs fɑr. bət ðeɪ lʊk æt mi laɪk, ɪz ʃi duɪŋ here?’*?’ ˈvɛri ˈɔkwərd fər ðɛm ənd ɪt pʊts ðɛm ɪn ən ˈɔkwərd situation.”*.” də ˈrændəl ˈgærɪsən ˌɪntrəˈdust bɪl ɪn 2011 seɪɪŋ ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈpipəl ʃʊd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə seɪm raɪts ɛz ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls. ðə bɪl wʊd ˈɔltər ðə kəˈneɪdiən ˈjumən raɪts ækt ənd ˈkrɪmənəl koʊd tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈpipəl frəm dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti. bɪl pæst ɪn ðə haʊs əv ˈkɑmənz ɪn 2013 bət həz ˈlæŋgwɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt sɪns. kənˈsərvətɪv sɛn. dɑn plɛt, hu ˌɪntrəˈdust ðə əˈmɛndmənt, sɛd hi wɔnts tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈpipəl səʧ ɛz ˈwɪmən hu hæv ɪkˈspɪriənst əˈbjuz frəm ðə ˈtrɔmə əv ˈʃɛrɪŋ ə speɪs wɪθ ˈɛniˌwən hu ɪz male.”*.” bət ˈgærɪsən sɛd ðə meɪn goʊl əv ðə əˈmɛndmənt ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ kriˈeɪt ə dɪˈleɪ, sɪns ɪf ðə bɪl bɪˈkəm lɔ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪkˈspɛktɪd ðɪs jɪr, ɪt wɪl daɪ. hi sɛd ðət hi bɪˈliv əˈmɛndmənt wɪl ˈɛvər bɪˈkəm lɔ. wʊd ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈpipəl tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈjuzɪŋ ˈrɛˌstrumz ðət ər əˈproʊpriˌeɪt tɪ ðɛr ˈʤɛndər identity,”*,” ˈgærɪsən sɛd. ˈrili, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv boʊθ ðə vɪkˈtɔriə ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt ˈnɛtˌwərk ənd ðə vɪkˈtɔriə trænˈzɪʃən haʊs, sɛd ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz sərv ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər kəmˈjunɪti ˈmɛmbərz ənd ˈniðər wʊd stɑp ɪf ðə əˈmɛndmənt bɪˈkeɪm lɔ. hoʊl θɪŋ ˈrɪli bəgz mi, ðət ðɪs əˈmɛndmənt wɑz səˈpoʊzədli prəˈtɛktɪŋ ˈwɪmən ɪkˈspɪriənst əˈbjuz. wi si ðɪs ɛz ə juʤ setback,”*,” ˈrili sɛd. ˌəndərˈstænd ðət trænz ˈpipəl feɪs 50 tɪ 70 pər sɛnt əv əˈsɔlts ɪn washrooms.”*.” kɑrnz sɛd ðə əˈmɛndmənt pʊts ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈpipəl hu ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈvaɪələns ənd əˈsɔlts ɪn mɔr ˈdeɪnʤər. wʊd ju pʊt, fər læk əv ə ˈbɛtər wərd, ən ‘‘endangered’*’ ˈpərsən ˈɪntu ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz wɛr goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈivɪn mɔr ər risk?”*?” kɑrnz sɛd ʃi ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈɛni ˈsɪriəs ˈɪnsədənts. bət ˈæftər ˈjuzɪŋ ə rum æt ə ˈloʊkəl mɔl, ʃi wɑz ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə mæn tɪ hər kɑr. hi nɑkt ɔn hər ˈwɪndoʊ, traɪɪŋ tɪ pɪk hər əp. θɪŋk [ðə əˈmɛndmənt] ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈprɛdətərz ə ʧæns ənd ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti. ˈpipəl θɪŋk, ðɪs gərl ɪn ðə ˈwɑʃˌrum? ʃi məst bi ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə guy,’*,’ kɑrnz sɛd. ðɪs ɪz ə kərˈɛktɪd ˈvərʒən əv ən ˈərliər ˈstɔri.
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using the bathroom is no big deal for most people, but for brae carnes, it’s a political act.
the transgender woman, 23, is using men’s facilities to show that an amendment to a trans-rights bill could expose transgender people to danger.
article continues below
the amendment would give operators of single-sex facilities — such as bathrooms, shelters and prisons — the power to prevent trans people from using facilities that match their gender identity.
“i’m giving them what they want,” carnes said.
“i’m actively showing them what it would look like if that became law and how completely ridiculous it is. it’s just not right.”
the victoria resident said it’s uncomfortable for everyone in the men’s bathroom, including herself, when she enters.
“there’s a sense of, oh, i’m in the wrong place,” she said.
“and it’s scary. luckily, i haven’t had any altercations in the men’s room thus far. but they look at me like, ‘what is she doing here?’ it’s very awkward for them and it puts them in an awkward situation.”
esquimalt-juan de fuca ndp mp randall garrison introduced bill c-279 in 2011, saying transgender people should enjoy the same rights as everyone else. the bill would alter the canadian human rights act and criminal code to protect people from discrimination on the basis of gender identity.
bill c-279 passed in the house of commons in 2013, but has languished in the senate since.
conservative sen. don plett, who introduced the amendment, said he wants to protect vulnerable people such as women who have experienced abuse from the trauma of sharing a space with anyone who is “biologically male.”
but garrison said the main goal of the amendment is likely to create a delay, since if the bill doesn’t become law before the election expected this year, it will die.
he said that he doesn’t believe plett’s amendment will ever become law.
“i would encourage people to continue using restrooms that are appropriate to their gender identity,” garrison said.
makenna rielly, executive director of both the victoria sexual assault network and the victoria women’s transition house, said the organizations serve transgender community members and neither would stop if the amendment became law.
“this whole thing really bugs me, that this amendment was supposedly protecting women who’ve experienced abuse. we see this as a huge setback,” rielly said.
“people don’t understand that trans people face 50 to 70 per cent of assaults in washrooms.”
carnes said the amendment puts vulnerable people who are already subject to sexual violence and assaults in more danger.
“why would you put, for lack of a better word, an ‘endangered’ person into situations where they’re going to be even more are risk?” carnes said she hasn’t experienced any serious incidents. but after using a men’s room at a local mall, she was followed by a man to her car. he knocked on her window, trying to pick her up.
“i think [the amendment] is actually giving predators a chance and an opportunity. people think, ‘why’s this girl in the washroom? she must be looking for a guy,’ ” carnes said.
asmart@timescolonist.com
this is a corrected version of an earlier story.
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vɪkˈtɔriə hoʊm ˈpraɪsɪz hæv sərʤd, ənd ðə ˈdraɪvɪŋ fɔrs bɪˈhaɪnd ðə hɑt ˈmɑrkɪt həz ə fəˈmɪljər rɪŋ ˈɔfˈʃɔr baɪərz. bət ðɪs weɪv əv ˈpərʧəsərz nid ˈoʊnli kæʧ ə ˈfɛri raɪd tɪ vænˈkuvər ˈaɪlənd ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈbɔrdɪŋ ə lɔŋ ˈoʊvərˈsiz flaɪt. "ɑr ˈɔfˈʃɔr ˈmɑrkɪt ɪz vænˈkuvər. ɪt həz bɪn fər ðə læst jɪr," vɪkˈtɔriə ril ɛˈsteɪt bɔrd ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈærə sɛd ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju. "wiv ɪkˈspɪriənst ðə ˌoʊvərˈfloʊ frəm vænˈkuvər. ˈpipəl ər ˈsɛlɪŋ æt ˈvɛri haɪ ˈpraɪsɪz ˈoʊvər ðɛr ənd ˈoʊvər hir." ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjuz bɪˈloʊ ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt tul: ɑr haʊs praɪs ˈdætə ˈsɛntər ʃoʊz hoʊm ˈpraɪsɪz ˈtrɛndɪŋ ɪn jʊr ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ðə nu ərˈaɪvəlz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə trɪp əˈkrɔs ðə streɪt əv ˈʤɔrʤə tɪ vænˈkuvər ˈaɪlənd hæv hɛlpt pʊʃ əp ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz tɪ ˈrɛkərd haɪz ɪn ˈbrɪtɪʃ kəˈləmbiəz ˈkæpɪtəl ˈriʤən, wɪʧ hæd ə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən læst jɪr əv ˈnɪrli ˈrɛzɪdənts. strɔŋ dɪˈmænd ənd ə ʃˈrɪŋkɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv ˈlɪstɪŋz hæv rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ˈbɪdɪŋ wɔrz ənd seɪlz ðət ˈfrikwɛntli goʊ wɛl əˈbəv ðə ˈæskɪŋ praɪs. "ɪn ðɪs ˈmɑrkɪt, ˈsɛlərz ˈɑrənt tu ˈæŋʃəs tɪ ˌɛnərˈteɪn ə kənˈdɪʃənəl ˈɔfər," ˈmɪstər. sɛd. "wi hæv ə ˈsteɪbəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən hir, wɪʧ əˈtrækts ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl." ðə ˈloʊkəl ˌdɛməˈgræfɪk həz ˈʃɪftɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ˈeɪʤɪz, sɛd ˈloʊkəl ˈsɛnʧəri 21 ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈeɪʤənt ˈtɛrə hərn. "ɪf jʊr ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈnuliˌwɛdz ənd ˈnɪrli dɛd, ðət wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli tru ɪn ðə ənd 1990s*, bət ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən həz ʧeɪnʤd," sɛd mɪz. hərn, hu həz ˈnoʊtɪst ə ʃɑrp ˌɪnˈkris ɪn baɪərz əv ˈvɛriəs ˈeɪʤɪz frəm ðə vænˈkuvər ˈriʤən. ðə b.c*. ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ə tæks ɔn ˈfɔrən hoʊm baɪərz ɪn ðə vænˈkuvər ˈɛriə læst ˈɔgəst. ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjuz bɪˈloʊ ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjuz bɪˈloʊ ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt mɪz. hərn sɛd ðɛr həz bɪn ə ˈmɑdəst ˈəpˌtɪk ɪn ˈfɔrən baɪərz, ˈnoʊtəbli frəm ˈʧaɪnə, ðoʊ ʃi noʊts ðə ˈɔfˈʃɔr ˈpərʧəsərz ɪn vɪkˈtɔriə ˈɑrənt ˈnɪrli ɛz ɛz ðə wənz hu hæv snæpt əp ˈləgʒəri ˈmænʧənz ɪn vænˈkuvər ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz. "wi gɪt ˈɪntəˌrɛst frəm əˈkrɔs ˈkænədə, bət wət wiv sin mɔr ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ? vænˈkuvər baɪərz. ðɛr ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ə weɪ ˈbɛtər rɪˈtaɪərmənt hir ðən ɪn vænˈkuvər. ˈæftər ˈbeɪbi ˈbumərz baɪ ɪn vɪkˈtɔriə, ðeɪ stɪl hæv kæʃ ɪn ðɛr ˈpɑkəts," ʃi sɛd. "wi ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ə lɔt əv jəŋ ˈfæməliz ˈkəmɪŋ ˈoʊvər frəm vænˈkuvər." æt ə ˈʃɑpɪŋ mɔl, ˈriəltər ˈkæθərɪn ˈhælək stæft ə ˈsətən grup kiɔsk ðət ʃoʊd 21 əv 33 ˈrisənt ˈlɪstɪŋz soʊld. "ɑr ˈklaɪmɪt ɪz ðə ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə əv ˈkænədə," mɪz. ˈhælək sɛd, ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ wət əˈtræktəd ˈmɛni əv hər klaɪənts tɪ vɪkˈtɔriə. ə ˈʃɑpər ˈpæsɪŋ baɪ ðə kiɔsk sɛd hi ənd hɪz waɪf ər kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈsɛlɪŋ ðɛr vɪkˈtɔriə haʊs ˈɪntu ðə ˈsɪzəlɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪt tɪ ˈdaʊnˌsaɪz waɪl steɪɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd: "ɪts ˈhɛvən ɔn ərθ hir." ðə fil ɪz ˈwɛlkəm ʧeɪnʤ fər ˈmɛni nu ərˈaɪvəlz, ðoʊ rɔɪəl ˈlɛpɪʤ ˈeɪʤənt ˈnikoʊ prəˈvaɪdz ə ˌriˈæləˌti ʧɛk ɔn ðə ˈbustərˌɪzəm. "vɪkˈtɔriə ɪz nɑt fər ˈɛvriˌwən bɪˈkəz səm ˈpipəl θɪŋk ɪts tu smɔl," hi sɛd. "vɪkˈtɔriə ɪz nɑt ə məˈtrɑpələs baɪ ˈɛni minz. ɪts nɑt laɪk wi hæv ə ˈkreɪzi bɪg ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən laɪk vænˈkuvər ər tərˈɑntoʊ." ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjuz bɪˈloʊ ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt stɪl, ðɛr ər ˈplɛnti əv teɪlz əv ˈbɪdɪŋ wɔrz əˈkrɔs ˈkæpɪtəl ˈriʤən. ə dɪˈtæʧt haʊs nɪr ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv vɪkˈtɔriə ðət ˈlɪstɪd fər soʊld ɪn leɪt ˈʤænjuˌɛri fər ˈæftər ˈoʊnli naɪn deɪz ɔn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt. ðə hoʊm, bɪlt ɪn 1974 əˈtræktəd sɪks ˈbɪdərz, sɛd ˈmɪstər., hu ðə ˈprɑpərti wɪθ hɪz ˈbrəðər. ˈmɪstər. bɪˈlivz ðə b.c*. ˈgəvərnmənts tæks ɔn ˈfɔrən hoʊm baɪərz ɪn ðə vænˈkuvər ˈriʤən həz ˈʃɪftɪd əˈtɛnʃən tɪ səm ˈəðər ˈmɑrkɪts ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə, bət nɑt soʊ məʧ vɪkˈtɔriə. "bɪˈkəz əv ðət ˈfɔrən tæks ənd bɪˈkəz moʊst ˈfɔrən baɪərz wɔnt tɪ steɪ ɪn ˈbɪgər ˈsɪtiz, siˈætəl ɪz siɪŋ ən ˈɪnˌfləks ənd ˈɔlsoʊ tərˈɑntoʊ," hi sɛd. ðə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk praɪs fər dɪˈtæʧt ˈhaʊsɪz soʊld ɪn ˈgreɪtər vænˈkuvər tɑpt læst mənθ, ər ə geɪn sɪns ˈfɛbruˌɛri, 2016 ðə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk praɪs ɪz ðə ˈɪndəstriz ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən əv ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈprɑpərtiz ðət ər soʊld. baɪ ˈkɑntræst, ðə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk praɪs ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri fər dɪˈtæʧt ˈhaʊsɪz soʊld ɪn ən ˈɛriə dəbd "vɪkˈtɔriə kɔr" riʧt əp pər sɛnt frəm ðə seɪm mənθ ɪn 2016 ðə kɔr ɛnˈkəmpəsəz ðə ˈsɪti əv vɪkˈtɔriə ənd ˈsəbərbz səʧ ɛz oʊk beɪ, ənd vju rɔɪəl, ɛz wɛl ɛz pɑrts əv saanich*. æt ə vɪkˈtɔriə ˈoʊpən haʊs ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri, ʃuz ˈlɪtərd ðə stɛps əp tɪ ə ˈbəŋgəˌloʊ bɪlt ɪn 1954 ðə dɪˈtæʧt haʊs, ˈlɪstɪd fər soʊld fər ˈæftər ˈoʊnli faɪv deɪz ɔn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt. ɪn ðə ˈbrɔdər ˈɛriə kɔld ˈgreɪtər vɪkˈtɔriə, ðə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk praɪs fər dɪˈtæʧt ˈprɑpərtiz læst mənθ hɪt əp pər sɛnt frəm ə jɪr ˈərliər. ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjuz bɪˈloʊ ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈloʊkəl ˈeɪʤənts ˈnoʊtɪst ðət ðə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪt bɪˈgæn ˈpərkɪŋ əp ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri, 2016 wɪn ðə ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ əv seɪlz tɪ ˈæktɪv ˈlɪstɪŋz sərʤd frəm ðə ˈpriviəs mənθ. ðə ˈræli kənˈtɪnjud θru ðə spərɪŋ, ənd dɪˈspleɪd steɪɪŋ paʊər. ɪn ðə vɪkˈtɔriə ˈriʤən, ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈeɪʤənts kənˈsɪdər ɪt tɪ bi ə baɪərz ˈmɑrkɪt bɪˈloʊ 10 pər sɛnt fər ə səˈsteɪnd ˈpɪriəd ənd ə ˈsɛlərz ˈmɑrkɪt əˈbəv 25 pər sɛnt. læst mənθ, ɪt wɑz 64 pər sɛnt 633 seɪlz dɪˈvaɪdɪd baɪ 988 ˈæktɪv ˈlɪstɪŋz. bɪtˈwin ʤun 10 ənd dɛk. 31 ˈfɔrən ˈpərʧəsərz əˈkaʊntɪd fər pər sɛnt əv ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl trænˈzækʃənz ɪn ðə ˈkæpɪtəl ˈriʤənəl ˈdɪstrɪkt, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz vɪkˈtɔriə ənd ˈsəbərbz səʧ ɛz oʊk beɪ ənd saanich*. baɪ kəmˈpɛrəsən, ˈfɔrən baɪərz əˈkaʊntɪd fər pər sɛnt əv ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl dilz ˈoʊvər ðə seɪm ˈpɪriəd ɪn ðə ˈsɪti əv vænˈkuvər ənd mɔr ðən 11 pər sɛnt ɪn ðə ˈsəbərbz əv ˈrɪʧmənd ənd ˈbərnəbi, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈdætə kəmˈpaɪld baɪ ðə b.c*. ˈgəvərnmənt.
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victoria home prices have surged, and the driving force behind the hot market has a familiar ring – offshore buyers.
but this wave of purchasers need only catch a 95-minute ferry ride to vancouver island instead of boarding a long overseas flight.
"our offshore market is vancouver. it has been for the last year," victoria real estate board president ara balabanian said in an interview. "we've experienced the overflow from vancouver. people are selling at very high prices over there and downscaling over here."
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the new arrivals making the trip across the strait of georgia to vancouver island have helped push up housing prices to record highs in british columbia's capital region, which had a population last year of nearly 384,000 residents.
strong demand and a shrinking number of listings have resulted in bidding wars and sales that frequently go well above the asking price.
"in this market, sellers aren't too anxious to entertain a conditional offer," mr. balabanian said. "we have a stable economic situation here, which attracts a lot of people."
the local demographic has shifted to include a wide range of ages, said local century 21 real estate agent tara hearn.
"if you're talking about the newlyweds and nearly dead, that was probably true in the 1980s and 1990s, but the population has changed," said ms. hearn, who has noticed a sharp increase in buyers of various ages from the vancouver region.
the b.c. government implemented a 15-per-cent tax on foreign home buyers in the vancouver area last august.
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ms. hearn said there has been a modest uptick in foreign buyers, notably from china, though she notes the offshore purchasers in victoria aren't nearly as deep-pocketed as the ones who have snapped up luxury mansions in vancouver in recent years.
"we get interest from across canada, but what we've seen more than anything? vancouver buyers. they're looking at a way better retirement here than in vancouver. after baby boomers buy in victoria, they still have cash in their pockets," she said. "we also have a lot of young families coming over from vancouver."
at a shopping mall, realtor catherine hallock staffed a sutton group kiosk that showed 21 of 33 recent listings sold. "our climate is the california of canada," ms. hallock said, explaining what attracted many of her clients to victoria.
a shopper passing by the kiosk said he and his wife are considering selling their victoria house into the sizzling market to downsize while staying in the neighbourhood: "it's heaven on earth here."
the small-town feel is welcome change for many new arrivals, though royal lepage agent nico craveiro provides a reality check on the boosterism.
"victoria is not for everyone because some people think it's too small," he said. "victoria is not a metropolis by any means. it's not like we have a crazy big population like vancouver or toronto."
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still, there are plenty of tales of bidding wars across b.c.'s capital region. a detached house near the university of victoria that listed for $800,000 sold in late january for $921,000 after only nine days on the market. the home, built in 1974, attracted six bidders, said mr. craveiro, who co-listed the property with his brother.
mr. craveiro believes the b.c. government's tax on foreign home buyers in the vancouver region has shifted attention to some other markets in north america, but not so much victoria. "because of that foreign tax and because most foreign buyers want to stay in bigger cities, seattle is seeing an influx and also toronto," he said.
the benchmark price for detached houses sold in greater vancouver topped $1.47-million last month, or a 12.9-per-cent gain since february, 2016. the benchmark price is the industry's representation of typical properties that are sold.
by contrast, the benchmark price in february for detached houses sold in an area dubbed "victoria core" reached $775,000, up 21.3 per cent from the same month in 2016. the core encompasses the city of victoria and suburbs such as oak bay, esquimalt and view royal, as well as parts of saanich.
at a victoria open house in february, shoes littered the steps up to a bungalow built in 1954. the detached house, listed for $699,900, sold for $792,000 after only five days on the market.
in the broader area called greater victoria, the benchmark price for detached properties last month hit $642,300, up 19.6 per cent from a year earlier.
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local agents noticed that the housing market began perking up in february, 2016, when the ratio of sales to active listings surged from the previous month. the rally continued through the spring, and displayed staying power. in the victoria region, real estate agents consider it to be a buyer's market below 10 per cent for a sustained period and a seller's market above 25 per cent. last month, it was 64 per cent – 633 sales divided by 988 active listings.
between june 10 and dec. 31, foreign purchasers accounted for 4.3 per cent of residential transactions in the capital regional district, which includes victoria and suburbs such as oak bay and saanich.
by comparison, foreign buyers accounted for 7.5 per cent of residential deals over the same period in the city of vancouver and more than 11 per cent in the suburbs of richmond and burnaby, according to data compiled by the b.c. government.
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frɛʃ frəm ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz hi fɪrd ə ˈtɛrərɪst ˈwaɪˌfaɪ hæk əv hɪz ˈkɑrdiˌæk ˈpeɪsˌmeɪkər, ˈfɔrmər juz. ˈvaɪˈsprɛzədənt dɪk ˈʧeɪni spoʊk ˈθərzˌdeɪ ɪn tərˈɑntoʊ, wɛr hi əˈkjuzd ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə əv ə ɔn coal,”*,” əv nɑt noʊɪŋ ðə ˈminɪŋ əv ðə wərd ““negotiation,”*,” ənd əv ˈkɔzɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈælaɪz tɪ luz trəst waɪl ˈædvərˌsɛriz luz fɪr. bɪˈlivz ɪm aʊt ðɛr ɪn tərmz əv ɑr ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ stænd əp fər ɑr frɛndz ənd allies,”*,” hi sɛd. ɔn ˈsɪriə, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wɛr juz. θrɛts əv wɔr fɛl flæt, dɪˈspaɪt ˈɑbviəs juz əv ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈwɛpənz, ˈmɪstər. ˈʧeɪni wɛnt soʊ fɑr ɛz tɪ seɪ ˈrəʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt vˈlædəmɪr ˈputɪn ɪz ˈsɛtɪŋ juz. ˈpɑləsi, waɪl ˈmɪstər. ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz tɪ feɪs əp tɪ ðɪs rɪsk ər tɪ du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt it.”*.” baɪ ˈɔfərɪŋ ə səˈlɛkʃən əv wɔr ˈstɔriz, fri ədˈvaɪs, ənˈfɪnɪʃt ˈbɪznɪs, ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ʧip ʃɑts frəm ðə ˈkəmfərt əv rɪˈtaɪərmənt, ðə dɑrk lɔrd əv ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. waɪt haʊs dɪd nɑt ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt ɔn ə ˌhæləˈwin ˌæftərˈnun, wɪθ ˈhənərdz əv ˈbɪznɪs ˈlidərz ˈgæðərd fər ðə tərˈɑntoʊ ˈgloʊbəl ˈfɔrəm. ðə ˈlənʧən bɪˈgæn wɪθ ðə ˈɛntri əv kəˈneɪdiən ˈdɪgnəˌtɛriz ɛd fæst, ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl treɪd ˈmɪnɪstər, hu spoʊk ɔn ðə nu ˌjʊrəˈpiən treɪd dil, ənd ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈkæbənət ˈvɛtərənz piɛr ˈpɛtɪˌgru ənd bɪl græm. ðɛn, ðɛr wɑz ə brif pɔz, ðɛn səm sɪˈkjʊrəti gaɪz ɪn suts ənd əˈməŋ ðɛm, ˈwɔkɪŋ kˈwɪkli, ə mæn, ɪn hɪz hənʧt ˈʃɔrtnəs. ən ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ɛr ˈfɑloʊd ɪm tɪ ðə hɛd ˈteɪbəl. səm ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz laɪt əp ə rum wɪθ ðɛr ˈɛntrəns. ˈmɪstər. ˈʧeɪni meɪd ɪt goʊ dɑrk. goʊɪŋ tɪ pʊt bæk ɔn maɪ dɑrθ ˈveɪdər mask,”*,” hi sɛd ˈleɪtər, sˈwɪʧɪŋ ˈtɑpɪks frəm ˈɛnərʤi ˈpɑləsi tɪ ðə riˈsərʤəns əv ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ ɛz ə ˈtɛrərɪst θrɛt tɪ ðə juz., spəˈsɪfɪkli əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈbɔrdər, wɛr ðɛr həz bɪn ə ənd re-energizing*, ɪf ju wɪl, əv ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ ənd ˈfɛloʊ travellers.”*.” ˈprɑbləm həz grown,”*,” sɛd ðə mæn hu wɑz ɔn ðə ˈdɑrkəst deɪ ɪn ˈmɑdərn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri. hi spoʊk əv ə nu təreɪn əv ˈtɛrər ˈstrɛʧɪŋ frəm ˈmɑli ənd ˈnaɪʤər ɪn ðə wɛst, θru ðə ənd ðə hɔrn əv ˈæfrɪkɑ, ˈɪntu ˈjɛmən ənd ðə rɛst əv əˈreɪbiə, ɔl ðə weɪ ist tɪ ˈpækɪˌstæn. bɪɔnd ðət ər ðə ˈwərlɪŋ ˈsɛntrəfˌjuʤɪz əv nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə, ɪnˈrɪʧɪŋ ˈnukliər fjuəl ɛz ðə wərld weɪts ənd ðə juz. ɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli dɪsɪnˈgeɪʤd, ˈmɪstər. ˈʧeɪni sɛd. hi ləˈmɛntɪd ðə ˈoʊnli əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsoʊlʤərz ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk təˈdeɪ ər ˈpoʊstɪd tɪ ðə ˈbægdæd ˈɛmbəsi. plæn wɑz tɪ liv ə fɔrs [ɪn iraq],”*],” hi sɛd ðə ˈfɔrmər vip həz ˈsɪmələr kəmˈpleɪnts əˈbaʊt ðə ˈdrɔˌdaʊn ɪn æfˈgænəˌstæn, wɪʧ hi dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈriʤənəl ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri beɪs fər juz. ˈfɔrsɪz, əˈspɛʃəli fər droʊn əˈtæks, ənd hi rɪˈkɔld ðə ˈmeɪˌhɛm ðət ˈfɑloʊd ˈpriviəs əˈmɛrɪkən riˈtrits ðɛr, səʧ ɛz ðə wɔr wɪθ ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛts. du wi θɪŋk ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən ɪf wi tərn ɑr bæks ɔn æfˈgænəˌstæn əˈgɛn? ɪgˈzæktli happening,”*,” hi sɛd. wət du wi θɪŋk ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən ɪf wi tərn ɑr bæks ɔn æfˈgænəˌstæn əˈgɛn? ɪgˈzæktli ˈhæpənɪŋ, ˈaʊtˈsaɪd, ə smɔl kraʊd əv ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ˈʃaʊtɪd ˈveɪnli æt ə fju baɪk kɑps tɪ jʊr ˈduti, officers”*” ənd ərˈɛst ðə ˈlənʧən ˈspikər. bət ˌɪnˈsaɪd, ˈoʊvər ə mil əv ˈsæləd ənd pɑt paɪ, ɔl wɑz kul, ˈkɔrpərət ənd kənˈsərvətɪv, wɪθ əˈplɔz fər ˈmɪstər. səˈpɔrt əv ðə ˈkiˌstoʊn ˈpaɪˌplaɪn, ənd ə ˌdɛfərˈɛnʧəl ˈɪntərvˌju kənˈdəktəd baɪ ˈkæpɪtəl ˈmɑrkɪts ˈmaɪkəl ˈfɔrtjər, ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈsɛnətər əˈpɔɪntɪd baɪ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈstivən ˈhɑrpər ɪn 2006 soʊ hi kʊd sərv ɪn ˈkæbənət, ənd hu rɪˈzaɪnd tɪ rən ɪn ðə 2008 ɪˈlɛkʃən, bət lɔst. ˈmɪstər. ˈʧeɪni sɛd hi wəns toʊld ə ˈkælgəri ˈdɪnər ˈkiˌstoʊn wɑz ə ʃʊr θɪŋ, ðoʊ ɪt ɪz naʊ stɔld, ənd hi həz nɑt bɪn bæk tɪ ˈkælgəri sɪns. noʊ ˈrizən ɪn ðə wərld wi bɪld ðət pipeline,”*,” hi sɛd tɪ əˈplɔz. ðoʊ hi wɑz fərm ɪn hɪz ˈædvəkəsi əv nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns, hi kɔld ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz ðə sands,”*,” nɑt ðə sands,”*,” ɛz səˈpɔrtərz ˈjuʒəwəli prɪˈfər. hi wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈʧɪpi wɪθ hɪz ˈɪntərvˌjuər. ˈæftər ən ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ɔn ðə ti ˈpɑrti, ɪn wɪʧ ˈmɪstər. ˈʧeɪni stək baɪ hɪz kəmˈpeɪtriəts ɔn ðə raɪt wɪŋ əv ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti (hi θɪŋks ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt ɪz ˈhɛlθi ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz ˌɪnˈtərnəl), hi ˈpɛrid wət ˈsaʊndɪd laɪk ə səˈʤɛsʧən frəm ˈmɪstər. ˈfɔrtjər ðət ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz ʃʊd ˈmɑdərˌeɪt ðɛr ˈmɛsɪʤ ənd kæmˈpeɪn mɔr laɪk ˈrudi ˌʤuliˈɑni, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. ˌɪnˈtrigd, ˈɔlˌweɪz, baɪ ðə ədˈvaɪs wi get,”*,” hi sɛd, ˈʤɛsʧərɪŋ tɪ ˈmɪstər. ˈfɔrtjər ɛz ɪf hi wər ˈændərsən ˈkupər. nɑt advice,”*,” sɛd ˈmɪstər. ˈfɔrtjər, hu ˈʃɪftɪd tæk ˈɪntu ə kˈwɛʃən əˈbaʊt ˈlikər ˈɛdwərd sˈnoʊdən ənd, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ˈwɛðər ðə juz. spaɪz ɔn ˈkænədə, ɪts ˈælaɪ ɪn ðə eyes,”*,” ðə kəˈloʊkwiəl tərm fər ðə əˈliʤəns əv paʊərz, ɔˈstreɪljə, ˈkænədə, nu ˈzilənd, ðə u.k*. ənd ðə juz. ə gʊd kˈwɛʃən, ənd nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈænsər it,”*,” sɛd ˈmɪstər. ˈʧeɪni, ˈædɪŋ hi həz bɪn aʊt əv ˈɔfəs fər faɪv jɪrz. ðɛr wər səm kaɪnd əv ˈproʊˌgræm, ɪt wʊd bi ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ənd aɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt it.”*.” ˈmɪstər. ˈfɔrtjər dɪˈskraɪbd ðɪs ˈfrɛndli spaɪɪŋ ɛz ə laɪn ˈkænədə θɔt ðə juz. wʊd nɑt krɔs. nɑt ə question,”*,” sɛd ˈmɪstər. ˈʧeɪni. ˈnæʃənəl poʊst
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fresh from revelations he feared a terrorist wi-fi hack of his cardiac pacemaker, former u.s. vice-president dick cheney spoke thursday in toronto, where he accused president barack obama of a “war on coal,” of not knowing the meaning of the word “negotiation,” and of causing american allies to lose trust while adversaries lose fear.
“nobody believes him out there in terms of our willingness to stand up for our friends and allies,” he said.
on syria, for example, where u.s. threats of war fell flat, despite obvious use of chemical weapons, mr. cheney went so far as to say russian president vladimir putin is setting u.s. policy, while mr. obama is “unwilling to face up to this risk or to do anything about it.”
by offering a selection of saddam-era war stories, free advice, unfinished business, and political cheap shots from the comfort of retirement, the dark lord of george w. bush’s white house did not disappoint on a halloween afternoon, with hundreds of business leaders gathered for the toronto global forum.
the luncheon began with the entry of canadian dignitaries — ed fast, the international trade minister, who spoke on the new european trade deal, and liberal cabinet veterans pierre pettigrew and bill graham.
then, there was a brief pause, then some security guys in suits and among them, walking quickly, a white-haired man, unmistakeable in his hunched shortness. an imperial air followed him to the head table.
some politicians light up a room with their entrance. mr. cheney made it go dark.
“i’m going to put back on my darth vader mask,” he said later, switching topics from energy policy to the resurgence of al-qaeda as a terrorist threat to the u.s., specifically along the iraq-syria border, where there has been a “reassertion and re-energizing, if you will, of al-qaeda and fellow travellers.”
“the problem has grown,” said the man who was second-in-command on the darkest day in modern american history.
he spoke of a new terrain of terror stretching from mali and niger in the sub-saharan west, through the maghreb and the horn of africa, into yemen and the rest of arabia, all the way east to pakistan.
beyond that are the whirling centrifuges of north korea, enriching nuclear fuel as the world waits and the u.s. is increasingly disengaged, mr. cheney said. he lamented the only american soldiers in iraq today are posted to the baghdad embassy.
“our plan was to leave a stay-behind force [in iraq],” he said
the former veep has similar complaints about the drawdown in afghanistan, which he described as an important regional military base for u.s. forces, especially for drone attacks, and he recalled the mayhem that followed previous american retreats there, such as the war with the soviets.
“what do we think is going to happen if we turn our backs on afghanistan again? that’s exactly what’s happening,” he said.
what do we think is going to happen if we turn our backs on afghanistan again? that’s exactly what’s happening,
outside, a small crowd of rain-soaked protesters shouted vainly at a few bike cops to “do your duty, officers” and arrest the luncheon speaker.
but inside, over a meal of salad and pot pie, all was cool, corporate and conservative, with applause for mr. cheney’s support of the keystone xl pipeline, and a deferential interview conducted by rbc capital markets vice-chairman michael fortier, the former senator appointed by prime minister stephen harper in 2006 so he could serve in cabinet, and who resigned to run in the 2008 election, but lost.
mr. cheney said he once told a calgary dinner keystone xl was a sure thing, though it is now stalled, and he has not been back to calgary since.
“there’s no reason in the world we shouldn’t build that pipeline,” he said to applause.
though he was firm in his advocacy of north american energy independence, he called the athabasca resources the “tar sands,” not the “oil sands,” as supporters usually prefer.
he was also chippy with his interviewer.
after an exchange on the tea party, in which mr. cheney stuck by his compatriots on the right wing of the republican party (he thinks the conflict is healthy as long as it remains internal), he parried what sounded like a suggestion from mr. fortier that the republicans should moderate their message and campaign more like rudy giuliani, for example.
“i’m intrigued, always, by the advice we get,” he said, gesturing to mr. fortier as if he were cnn’s anderson cooper.
“it’s not advice,” said mr. fortier, who shifted tack into a question about leaker edward snowden and, in particular, whether the u.s. spies on canada, its ally in the “five eyes,” the colloquial term for the auscannzukus allegiance of powers, australia, canada, new zealand, the u.k. and the u.s.
“that’s a good question, and i’m not going to answer it,” said mr. cheney, adding he has been out of office for five years.
“if there were some kind of program, it would be classified and i wouldn’t be able to talk about it.”
mr. fortier described this friendly spying as a line canada thought the u.s. would not cross.
“that’s not a question,” said mr. cheney.
national post
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ˈmændəˌtɔri ˈʧeɪnʤɪz frəm ðə juz. ˈpoʊstəl ˈsərvɪs rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə nu ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd ˈpækɪʤ ˌvɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən (apv*) ˈsɪstəm. səˈpɔrt fər ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈfiʧərz, səʧ ɛz ˈleɪbəlz fˈjuʧər ˌɪmˈpruvmənts rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈriˌfəndz ˈəðər ˈəpˌdeɪts ˈkəvərɪŋ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl nu ˈproʊˌgræmz ˈpækɪʤɪz ər ˈiðər rɪˈʤɛktɪd baɪ ðə ər dɪˈlɪvərd due”*” tɪ ðə rɪˈsɪpiənt. ðɪs ˈkɔzɪz ˈiðər leɪt dɪˈlɪvəriz ər ə bæd ˈkəstəmər ɪkˈspɪriəns. ˈnəθɪŋ ɪz dən tɪ ˈhændəl ˈpækɪʤɪz. ju luz ˌwəˈtɛvər əˈmaʊnt ju hæv ˈoʊvərˈpeɪd. aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈpækɪʤɪz wɪl bi dɪˈlɪvərd, ənd ðə ˈʃɪpərz əˈkaʊnt ˈbæləns wɪl bi dɪˈdəktɪd fər ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈpoʊstɪʤ. wɪn ˈpækɪʤɪz ər aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd, ðə ˈʃɪpərz əˈkaʊnt ˈbæləns wɪl bi ˈkrɛdɪtɪd fər ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈpoʊstɪʤ. əˈʤəstmənt ˈaɪˈdi ðə læst fɔr ˈdɪʤɪts əv ðə ˈtrækɪŋ ðə ˈrizən ər ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər ðə dɪˈspjut (pliz prəˈvaɪd ɛz məʧ ˈditeɪl ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl). ðə kəˈmərʃəl beɪs ˈpraɪsɪŋ ˈdɪskaʊnt ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd baɪ moʊst ˈkəstəmərz kəˈmərʃəl pləs ˈpraɪsɪŋ ˈkjubɪk ˈpraɪsɪŋ nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪd ˈsərvɪs əˈgrimənt ˈəðər ˈdɪˌskaʊnɪd reɪt ˈproʊˌgræmz ju wɪl nid tɪ əkˈsɛpt nu tərmz ənd kənˈdɪʃənz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈprɪnɪŋ ˈʃɪpɪŋ ˈleɪbəlz ˈjuzɪŋ jʊr əˈkaʊnt pliz ˈvɪzɪt (ənd lɔg ɪn tɪ jʊr əˈkaʊnt, ɪf ˈnɛsəˌsɛri) ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˌrivˈju ənd əkˈsɛpt ðə ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd tərmz ənd kənˈdɪʃənz. ðɪs məst bi dən baɪ ˈɔgəst 15 2017 ˈəpˌdeɪts tɪ ðə nu tərmz ənd kənˈdɪʃənz həz ˈaʊtˌfɪtɪd ðɛr ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪtiz wɪθ nu ˈskænɪŋ ənd weɪɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt ðət ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈvɛrəˌfaɪz ðə weɪt, dɪˈmɛnʃənz, meɪl klæs, ˈpækɪʤɪŋ, ənd ˈɔrəʤən ənd ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən zɪp koʊdz fər iʧ ˈpɑrsəl biɪŋ ˈprɑsɛst θru ðət fəˈsɪlɪti. ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz juzd tɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈpoʊstɪʤ du fər iʧ ðə aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪz ðət ən ˌɪnkərˈɛkt əˈmaʊnt əv ˈpoʊstɪʤ wɑz peɪd (ˈiðər tu ˈlɪtəl ər tu məʧ), ðeɪ ˈɪʃu ə ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ ˈdɛbɪt ər ˈkrɛdɪt tɪ ðə ˈʃɪpərz ˈpoʊstɪʤ ðə ˈkɑrənt ðə nu həz əp tɪ 30 deɪz ˈæftər ə ˈpækɪʤ ɪz ʃɪpt tɪ ˈɪʃu ən əˈʤəstmənt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi ɪkˈspɛkt ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv əˈʤəstmənts tɪ əˈkər wɪˈθɪn ʤɪst ə fju deɪz əv ðə ˈpækɪʤ biɪŋ goʊz ˈɪntu ˈifɛkt, ju wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ vju əˈʤəstmənt ˈditeɪlz baɪ ˈlɔgɪŋ ɪn tɪ jʊr əˈkaʊnt ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə əˈkaʊnt trænˈzækʃənz rɪˈpɔrt, ənd səˈlɛktɪŋ ðə nu ““adjustments”*” tab.yes*. ju kən dɪˈspjut ˈɛni əˈʤəstmənt wɪθ ðə dɪˈrɛkli baɪ ˈsɛndɪŋ ən iˈmeɪl tɪ verifypostagehelp@usps.gov*. ðɪs iˈmeɪl ʃʊd ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə rikˈwaɪərz mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ðeɪ wɪl riʧ aʊt tɪ ju ˈviə wɪl ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪ ˈjuˈɛs wəns ðeɪ riʧ ə dɪˈsɪʒən, wɪʧ wi wɪl ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ju ˈviə email.no*. ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ˈvɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈpækɪʤɪz ˈoʊnli. ˈlɛtərz ənd ˈɛnvəˌloʊps (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsərtəˌfaɪd meɪl) wɪl nɑt bi əˈfɛktɪd baɪ kənˈsɪdərz jʊr spɪˈsɪfɪk reɪts wɪn ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪŋ ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈpoʊstɪʤ ðət ʃʊd hæv bɪn peɪd fər ə ˈpækɪʤ. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludz, bət ɪz nɑt ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ:
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mandatory changes from the u.s. postal service related to the new usps automated package verification (apv) system.
support for upcoming features, such as pay-on-use labels
future improvements related to refunds
other updates covering a number of beneficial new programs
under-paid packages are either rejected by the usps or delivered “postage due” to the recipient. this causes either late deliveries or a bad customer experience.
nothing is done to handle over-paid packages. you lose whatever amount you have overpaid.
identified under-paid packages will be delivered, and the shipper's account balance will be deducted for the amount of under-paid postage.
when over-paid packages are identified, the shipper's account balance will be credited for the amount of over-paid postage.
adjustment id
the last four digits of the tracking #
the reason or explanation for the dispute (please provide as much detail as possible).
the commercial base pricing discount enjoyed by most endicia customers
commercial plus pricing
cubic pricing
negotiated service agreement
other discounted rate programs
you will need to accept new terms and conditions in order to continue printing shipping labels using your endicia account - please visit www.endicia.com/terms (and log in to your endicia account, if necessary) in order to review and accept the updated terms and conditions. this must be done by august 15, 2017. updates to the new terms and conditions include:the usps has outfitted their processing facilities with new scanning and weighing equipment that automatically verifies the weight, dimensions, mail class, packaging, and origin and destination zip codes for each parcel being processed through that facility. this information is used to calculate the amount of postage due for each package.if the usps identifies that an incorrect amount of postage was paid (either too little or too much), they issue a corresponding debit or credit to the shippers endicia postage account.under the current system:under the new apv system:the usps has up to 30 days after a package is shipped to issue an adjustment. however, we expect the vast majority of adjustments to occur within just a few days of the package being shipped.once apv goes into effect, you will be able to view adjustment details by logging in to your endicia account , opening the account transactions report, and selecting the new “adjustments” tab.yes. you can dispute any adjustment with the usps directly by sending an email to verifypostagehelp@usps.gov. this email should include the following information:if the usps requires more information, they will reach out to you via email.the usps will notify us once they reach a decision, which we will forward to you via email.no. apv is currently limited to verifying packages only. letters and envelopes (including certified mail) will not be affected by apv.apv considers your specific rates when calculating the amount of postage that should have been paid for a package. this includes, but is not limited to:
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tɪ həˈwaɪən ˈgɑrdənz! ˈklɪnɪk wɪl bi hɛld ɔn ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ənd ˈsənˌdi iʧ mənθ. tɪ gɪt tɪ həˈwaɪən ˈgɑrdənz juz ðə 605 ˈɛksət hɛd ist tɪ ˈnɔrˌwɔk. meɪk ə raɪt ɔn ˈnɔrˌwɔk ənd ə lɛft ɔn strit. goʊ tɪ ðə ɛnd wɛr ðə ˈhɛlən ˈroʊzəz ˈsɛnər ɪz. ˌtæˈtu rɪˈmuvəl ˈproʊˌgræm wi prəˈvaɪd ˌloʊˈkɔst ˌtæˈtu rɪˈmuvəl tɪ ðoʊz hu ər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli əˈprɛst, ənd wi wʊd ˈwɛlkəm ðoʊz əv ju hu ər mɔr ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli ˈprɪvɪlɪʤd tɪ gɪt jʊr riˈmuvd hir ɛz wɛl. wi wɪl gɪv ju ə greɪt praɪs ənd jʊr ˈdɔlərz goʊ təˈwɔrdz kəmˈjunɪti ˈvaɪələns rɪˈkəvəri ˈproʊˌgræmz. ˈskɛʤʊl bʊk ˈɔnˌlaɪn ju məst kɔl tɪ meɪk ən əˈpɔɪntmənt. riˈmaɪndər kɔlz ənd i meɪl blæst fər ˈklɪnɪk ˈhæpən ðə wik əv ˈklɪnɪk. noʊ ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ɪˈvɛnts həˈwaɪən ˈgɑrdənz ˈəðər ˈsərvɪsɪz fʊl ˈkæləndər ðiz ˈsərvɪsɪz ər hɛld æt sccc*, pliz si mæp bɪˈloʊ. klin sleɪt lɑ ˈɔfərz ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈəðər ˈsərvɪsɪz ðət kən hɛlp ju gɪt ə frɛʃ stɑrt ɪn laɪf. pliz ˈhɛzəˌteɪt tɪ æsk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ:
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to hawaiian gardens!
clinic will be held on the second saturday and sunday each month.
to get to hawaiian gardens use the 605, exit lincoln/carson head east to norwalk. make a right on norwalk and a left on 221st street. go to the end where the helen rosas center is.
tattoo removal program
we provide low-cost tattoo removal to those who are financially oppressed, and we would welcome those of you who are more financially privileged to get your tattoo’s removed here as well. we will give you a great price and your dollars go towards community violence recovery programs.
schedule ( book online )
you must call 562-945-9111 to make an appointment. reminder calls and e mail blast for clinic happen the week of clinic.
no upcoming events aec v1.0.4
hawaiian gardens
other services ( full calendar )
these services are held at sccc, please see map below.
clean slate la offers a number of other services that can help you get a fresh start in life. please don’t hesitate to ask about the following:
aec v1.0.4
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ɪt ɪz hɑrd tɪ bi ə fæn əv ðə nu jɔrk hæv ˈhɑrdli dən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ raɪt sɪns ʤoʊ ˈwɪli wən ˈsupərˌboʊl iii*, ənd ˈɛvəri taɪm ju θɪŋk ˈmeɪbi ðeɪ ər ˈfaɪnəli ˈtərnɪŋ ðə ˈkɔrnər, ðeɪ faɪnd səm nu weɪ tɪ skru θɪŋz ðə ʤɛts ˈtreɪdɪd dərˈɛl ˈrɛvɪs, ðə bɛst ˈkɔrnərˌbæk ɪn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ənd fɑr ənd əˈweɪ ðə bɛst pleɪər ɔn ðə tim. ɪt ɪz ˈnɛvər ə gʊd aɪˈdiə tɪ treɪd ðə bɛst pleɪər ɔn jʊr tim. ðə ʤɛts ˈdɛspərətli nid ə ˈkɔrnər, sɪns ðeɪ du nɑt hæv ə ril θrɛt, ənd ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ ðeɪ ˈɛvər gɪt ˈɛni ˈprɛʃər ɔn ðə əˈpoʊnənts ɪz baɪ ˈʃətɪŋ daʊn hɪz rɪˈsivərz lɔŋ ɪˈnəf fər ðə tɪ gɪt ðɛr. ˈrɛvɪs wɑz ə juʤ pɑrt əv ðə ˈrizən waɪ rɛks raɪənz dɪˈfɛns həz bɪn soʊ gʊd (əps ənd daʊnz, ʃʊr, bət stɪl wən əv ðə ˈbɛtər dɪˈfɛnsɪz ɪn ðə lig). soʊ ðeɪ gɪt rɪd əv ɪm ðə ʤɛts. ðeɪ hæv ə ˈprɪti gʊd dɪˈfɛns ənd ə əˈfɛns, soʊ wəts ðɛr bɪg muv? "heɪ, lɛts gɪt rɪd əv ɑr bɛst pleɪər, brɪŋ ðə di daʊn tɪ ðə seɪm ˈlɛvəl ɛz ðə o."now*, ˈmeɪbi, ˈmeɪbi, ju kən meɪk ə keɪs fər ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈrɛvɪs ɪf ju gɪt ə "ˈhərʃəl ˈwɔkər" dil. ðət ɪz, ə dil ɛz rɪʧ ɛz ðə wən wɛr ðə ˈdæləs ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz ˈtreɪdɪd ˈhərʃəl ˈwɔkər tɪ ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz, ənd gɑt soʊ ˈmɛni pleɪərz ənd dræft ˈʧɔɪsɪz ðət ɪt wən ðɛm θri ˈsupərˌboʊlz. ənd ɪt ɪz wərθ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ˈhərʃəl ˈwɔkər, waɪl ə dæm gʊd pleɪər, wɑz ˈniðər ðə bɛst pleɪər ɔn ðə ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz nɔr ðə bɛst ˈrənɪŋ bæk ɪn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl æt ðət ðə ʤɛts dɪd nɑt gɪt ə ˈhərʃəl ˈwɔkər dil. ˈrɛvɪs ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈtæmpə beɪ. ɪn rɪˈtərn, ðə ʤɛts gɪt ˈtæmpəz fərst raʊnd dræft ʧɔɪs ðɪs jɪr 13 ˈoʊvərˌɔl, nɑt ˈivɪn ə tɔp tɛn pɪk) ənd ə kənˈdɪʃənəl fɔrθ raʊnd pɪk nɛkst jɪr. jæ, nɛkst jɪr. jæ, aɪ sɛd fɔrθ raʊnd. ˈmeɪbi ɪt bɪˈkəmz ə θərd. ʤɛts, ɪn ʃɔrt, gɑt rooked*. kənˈgræts, ˈtæmpə beɪ, ju dræŋk ɑr wət əˈbaʊt ðə nu ʤɛts? faɪər hɪz æs naʊ. brɪŋ bæk maɪk ˈtænənˌbaʊm. brɪŋ bæk ðə gaɪ ˌbiˈfɔr maɪk ˈtænənˌbaʊm. hɛl, brɪŋ bæk ˈhɛri bɛst ˈθɪri əˈbaʊt ðɪs treɪd ɪz ðət ðə ʤɛts wɔnt ðə 1 pɪk ˈoʊvərˌɔl ɪn ðə 2014 dræft. kɔz ðɪs nɛkst ˈsizən ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈblədi ˈpeɪnfəl. ˈæftər wɪʧ ɑr nu "lɛts gɪv əˈweɪ ɑr bɛst pleɪər fər ə bæg əv oʊld jockstraps*" ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ faɪər rɛks raɪən bɪˈkəz, ˈæftər ɔl, ðət 2 14 ˈrɛkərd ɪz ˈklɪrli jɪr ˈæftər ðət ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈivɪn wərs, ˈivɪn wɪθ ðət swɛl wɪl bi ˈgɪtɪŋ frəm ˈtæmpə beɪ. ðət ɪz, əˈsumɪŋ sən əv ˈɪzənt ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt ɪn nɛkst jɪrz dræft. ənd ˈivɪn ɪf hi wɑz, ðə ʤɛts ˈwʊdənt teɪk ɪm. ɔl ðət grin wʊd riˈmaɪnd ɪm tu məʧ əv mi, waɪl aɪ goʊ wip ˈɪntu maɪ ɪz nɑt ɔl bæd. aɪ wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz hæv ˈpɛrɪs. ənd ˈpɛrɪs. ənd ðə ʤaɪənts)
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it is hard to be a fan of the new york jets.they have hardly done anything right since joe willie namath won superbowl iii, and every time you think maybe they are finally turning the corner, they find some new way to screw things up.today the jets traded darrelle revis, the best cornerback in the nfl and far and away the best player on the team. it is never a good idea to trade the best player on your team. the jets desperately need a shut-down corner, since they do not have a real pass-rush threat, and the only way they ever get any pressure on the opponent's qb is by shutting down his receivers long enough for the rushers to get there. revis was a huge part of the reason why rex ryan's defense has been so good (ups and downs, sure, but still one of the better defenses in the league). so they get rid of him right.only the jets. they have a pretty good defense and a godawful offense, so what's their big offseason move? "hey, let's get rid of our best player, bring the d down to the same level as the o."now, maybe, maybe, you can make a case for trading revis if you get a "herschel walker" deal. that is, a deal as rich as the one where the dallas cowboys traded rb herschel walker to the vikings, and got so many players and draft choices that it won them three superbowls. and it is worth noting that herschel walker, while a damn good player, was neither the best player on the cowboys nor the best running back in the nfl at that time.but the jets did not get a herschel walker deal. revis is going to tampa bay. in return, the jets get tampa's first round draft choice this year ( #13 overall, not even a top ten pick) and a conditional fourth round pick next year. yeah, next year. yeah, i said fourth round. maybe it becomes a third. whoop-de-doo.the jets, in short, got rooked. congrats, tampa bay gm, you drank our milkshake.and what about the new jets gm? fire his ass now. bring back mike tannenbaum. bring back the guy before mike tannenbaum. hell, bring back harry wismer.the best theory about this trade is that the jets want the #1 pick overall in the 2014 draft. cause this next season is going to be bloody painful. after which our new whizz-bang "let's give away our best player for a bag of old jockstraps" gm is going to fire rex ryan because, after all, that 2 - 14 record is clearly rex's fault.the year after that is likely to be even worse, even with that swell fourth-round-maybe-it-becomes-a-third we'll be getting from tampa bay. that is, assuming kal-el son of jor-el isn't coming out in next year's draft. and even if he was, the jets wouldn't take him. all that green would remind him too much of kryptonite.sigh.excuse me, while i go weep into my beer.(it is not all bad. i will always have paris. and parris. and the giants)
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ðɪs ɪz ə gɛst poʊst ˈrɪtən baɪ aɪ hæd ə ˈləvli ˈəpˌbrɪŋɪŋ bət ə lɔt əv maɪ ˈmɛməriz ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈsɪtɪŋ æt weɪt lɔs kləbz wɪθ maɪ məm ˈɛvəri wik waɪlst ʃi gɑt weɪd ər ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ hər ˈæskɪŋ maɪ dæd ˈwɛðər ʃi lʊkt fæt ɪn ˌwəˈtɛvər ʃi wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ. ɛz aɪ gru əp, ɪt simd laɪk ðə ˈkɑmən ˈɪʃu ðət ɔl gərlz wʊd hæv tɪ dil wɪθ. aɪ wɑz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ənˈləki, aɪ dɪˈvɛləpt ˈərli ənd ˈmɛni kɪdz wʊd əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt ðət wɪθ ˈklæsɪŋ mi ɛz ə fæt ˈpərsən. ɪt wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz sɛd ɛz ən ˌɪnˈsəlt, ə kərl əv ðə ˈəpər lɪp ənd ə snɪr ɛz ðeɪ wʊd lin ˈfɔrwərd ənd hɪs æt mi- kaʊ, fæt bɪʧ, fæt, fæt, ˈəgli, fæt, fat”*” aɪ kʊd goʊ ɔn bət aɪ hæv ə ˈfilɪŋ ðət ə lɔt əv ju ər ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs ənd ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðət aɪ kʊd hæv bɪn ˈraɪtɪŋ əˈbaʊt ju ənd jʊr ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd. aɪ hæv spɛnt ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv maɪ ˈædəlt laɪf traɪɪŋ tɪ luz weɪt bət ɪt wɑz ˈnɛvər gʊd ɪˈnəf. aɪ wʊd spɛnd aʊərz kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf tɪ maɪ frɛndz hu wər sˈlɪmər, ˈprɪtiər ənd, ɪn maɪ aɪz, ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈhæpiər. maɪ ɑrmz wər tu ˈʧəbi, maɪ loʊər ˈstəmək wɑz tu ˈflæbi, ənd maɪ θaɪz wər tu bɪg- ðə lɪst wʊd goʊ ɔn ənd ɔn. aɪ wʊd laɪ ɪn bɛd æt naɪt ˈgræbɪŋ maɪ ˈstəmək ənd ɑrmz ənd ʤɪst ˈheɪtɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf wɪθ səʧ fərˈɑsəti ðət ɪt wʊd skɛr mi. aɪ wʊd spɛnd aʊərz æt ðə ʤɪm ər ˈrənɪŋ ənd maɪ ˈsaʊnˌtræk əv maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn wɑz ˈfæti run”*”. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ʧeɪnʤd wɪn aɪ bɪˈkeɪm ˈprɛgnənt wɪθ maɪ sən ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ tərnd 29 aɪ ɛmˈbreɪst ðə ˈprɛgnənsi ɛz məʧ ɛz aɪ kʊd ənd fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn maɪ laɪf, aɪ ˈrɛlɪʃt ðə fækt ðət maɪ ˈstəmək wɑz ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈbɪgər ənd aɪ fil bæd əˈbaʊt ˈitɪŋ. aɪ fɛlt laɪk aɪ nid tɪ bi ðə bɛst ‘‘hostess’*’ ðət aɪ kʊd bi fər maɪ ˈlɪtəl skwɑʃ ənd aɪ wɑz ˈsɪriəs əˈbaʊt duɪŋ ɪt. ˈdʊrɪŋ maɪ ˈprɛgnənsi ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðə ˈkɑmɛnts kənˈtɪnjud bət wɪθ ə ˈdɪfərənt toʊn. ˈpipəl, səm hu aɪ ˈivɪn noʊ, wʊd tɛl mi haʊ bɪg aɪ hæd bɪˈkəm; wɑz aɪ ˈhævɪŋ twɪnz ənd ðət ðeɪ bɪˈliv wət saɪz aɪ wɑz æt səʧ ən ˈərli steɪʤ ɪn maɪ ˈprɛgnənsi. aɪ noʊ ðət ɪt ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈprɛgnənt ˈwʊmən goʊz θru bət ɪt ruɪnd ɪt fər mi. aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt maɪ saɪz əˈgɛn ənd kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf tɪ ˈəðər məmz tɪ bi. aɪ hæv ə ˈlɔŋˈtərm kənˈdɪʃən kɔld ənd ənˈfɔrʧənətli ɛz maɪ ˈprɛgnənsi kənˈtɪnjud maɪ peɪn ˈlɛvəlz ˌɪnˈkrist tɪ ə pɔɪnt ðət aɪ wɔk. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ pəft əp laɪk ðə ˈmɑrʃˌmɛloʊ mæn frəm ˈgoʊstˌbəstərz du tɪ ɔl ðə ˈɛkstrə fluɪd. maɪ ˈdɑktərz ˈhæpi soʊ aɪ wɑz ˌɪnˈdust æt 38 wiks ənd geɪv bərθ tɪ ðə ˈsɪŋgəl bɛst θɪŋ aɪ hæv ˈɛvər hæd. maɪ sən ɪz ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt θɪŋ tɪ mi ənd aɪ ləv ɪm ˈhoʊlhɑrtɪdli. ðeɪ seɪ (huˈɛvər ðeɪ ər!) ðət wɪn ju fɔl ɪn ləv wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ peɪlz ɪn kəmˈpɛrəsən. aɪ hæv bɪn ˈləki, ɛz aɪ hæv hæd ðɪs twaɪs- wɪn aɪ mɛt maɪ ˈhəzbənd ənd wɪn ðeɪ pleɪst ðət ˈlɪtəl ˈbəndəl əv maɪ ʧɛst ˈæftər ə ˈpeɪnfəl ənd lɔŋ ˈleɪbər ənd hi əˈgɛnst mi. bɛst ˈfilɪŋ ˈɛvər. ɪt wɑz wɪn aɪ wɛnt hoʊm wɪθ maɪ sən ðət aɪ bɪˈkeɪm mɔr əˈwɛr əˈbaʊt haʊ ðə ˈmidiə pɔrˈtreɪ məmz hu hæv ˈgɪvɪn bərθ ˈrisəntli. ˈmægəˌzinz wʊd bi fʊl əv səˈlɛbz ðət hæd ʤɪst ˈgɪvɪn bərθ ənd wər ˈspɑtɪd wiks ˈleɪtər bæk tɪ ‘‘pre-baby’*’ weɪt ənd wɪθ ə fʊl feɪs əv ˈmeɪˌkəp. ˈwɛbˌsaɪts ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə wʊd bi pækt wɪθ ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ luz weɪt ɛz sun ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl bət ɔn ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wʊd səˈʤɛst ðət ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ stɑrt jʊr deɪ wʊd bi ə kəp əv hɑt ˈwɔtər wɪθ ˈlɛmən. wɪn aɪ riˈsərʧt ðɪs mɔr aɪ faʊnd ðət ðɛr wɑz ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv ənd nu məmz ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ə kənˈdɪʃən kɔld. ɪz ə taɪp əv ˌænərˈɛksiə wɛr ðə ˈprɛgnənt ˈwʊmən wɪl nɑt it ðə ˈprɑpər nuˈtrɪʃənəl ˈɪnˌteɪk rikˈwaɪərd ənd bɪˈkəm ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈkipɪŋ ðə seɪm weɪt ər ˈluzɪŋ weɪt waɪlst ˈprɛgnənt. ɪf ju du ən ˈɪntərˌnɛt sərʧ ɔn ɪt ju wɪl faɪnd ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv saɪts ˈgɪvɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðɪs ɪn greɪt ˈditeɪl. ɪkˈstrimli dɪˈstərbɪŋ ənd wət ɪz mɔr ˈwəriɪŋ ðət ʤɪst laɪk ˈnɔrməl ˈwɛbˌsaɪts, ðɛr ər ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt fər ˈwɪmən hu ər ˈprɛgnənt. ɪt wɑz laɪk ə swɪʧ wɛnt ɔn ˌɪnˈsaɪd mi, ðɪs raɪt. wət kaɪnd əv wərld du wi lɪv ɪn wɛr ɪt ɪz ə bæd θɪŋ tɪ bi bɪg ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈprɛgnənsi? hu ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðət ɪf ju strət aʊt əv ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ɪn jʊr saɪz 6 ʤinz ðət ju wər ə dɪsˈgreɪs tɪ juˈmænɪti ənd ˈwʊmənˌhʊd? wɛl ɪˈnəf əv ðɪs. ɪˈnəf əv ɪt ɔl. ɪt bi laɪk ðɪs, noʊ ˈwʊmən ʃʊd hæv tɪ fil ðət ðeɪ ər ʤəʤd ɔn haʊ ðeɪ lʊk. ˈwɪmən spɛnd ðɛr laɪf kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz tɪ ˈəðərz. aɪ kʊd kɪk ˌmaɪˈsɛlf wɪn aɪ lʊk bæk ˈdʊrɪŋ maɪ ˈprɛgnənsi. aɪ spɛnt wət ʃʊd hæv bɪn ðə bɛst 9 mənθs əv maɪ laɪf, ˈheɪtɪŋ ðə fækt ðət ˈəðərz fɛlt ðət ðeɪ hæd ðə raɪt tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn maɪ saɪz ˈwɛðər aɪ wɑz ˈprɛgnənt ər nɑt? wət geɪv ðɛm ðə raɪt tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn haʊ məʧ aɪ wɑz ˈitɪŋ wɪn aɪ wɑz groʊɪŋ əˈnəðər ˈlɪtəl ˈpərsən ˌɪnˈsaɪd əv mi? haʊ ɪz ɪt fɛr ðət wɪn aɪ rɪˈtərnd hoʊm ˈæftər ə ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈleɪbər ðət ˈpipəl wʊd æsk wət aɪ wɑz duɪŋ tɪ gɪt bæk tɪ maɪ ‘‘pre-baby’*’ weɪt? hɛl noʊ. maɪ sən ɪz 14 mənθs oʊld ənd kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ meɪk mi smaɪl ˈɛvəri deɪ, hi ɪz maɪ ˈlɪtəl ˈpɑrtnər ɪn kraɪm ənd wi hæv ˈtrævəld ˈoʊvər ˈskɑtlənd təˈgɛðər wɪn aɪ wɑz ɔf ˈdʊrɪŋ maɪ məˈtərnɪti liv. aɪ hæv lɔst weɪt bət ɪt wɑz ɔn maɪ tərmz ənd aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər ˈɛvər dɪˈpraɪvd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf əv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. aɪ æm nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ lɛt maɪ sən spɛnd hɪz ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd ˈhirɪŋ maɪ kəmˈpleɪnts ənd kəmˈpɛrəsənz əˈbaʊt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf tɪ maɪ ˈhəzbənd. aɪ wɔnt ɪm tɪ kəmˈpɛr hɪz ˈbɑdi, aɪ wɔnt ɪm tɪ ləv ðə fækt ðət hɪz ˈlɪtəl lɛgz hɛlp ɪm plɑd əraʊnd ðə haʊs ənd θru ðə græs, ðət hɪz ˈlɪtəl ˈtəmi ɪz fʊl ənd hi ɪz ˈkɑntɛnt ənd ˈhæpi. aɪ ˈnɛvər wɔnt ɪm tɪ ʤəʤ ˈəðərz ɔn ðə weɪ ðət ðeɪ lʊk bɪˈkəz ðət ɪz wət meɪks ˈjuˈɛs ˈbjutəfəl. ɪt meɪks mi soʊ sæd wɪn aɪ æm ɔn maɪ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ənd aɪ si ˈwɪmən hu ər ˈbjutəfəl ənd ˈhæpi bɪˈlɪtəlɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz. aɪ æm ˈvɛri ˈθæŋkfəl ðət aɪ keɪm əˈkrɔs ɪt meɪks mi soʊ sæd wɪn aɪ æm ɔn maɪ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ənd aɪ si ˈwɪmən hu ər ˈbjutəfəl ənd ˈhæpi bɪˈlɪtəlɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz. aɪ æm ˈvɛri ˈθæŋkfəl ðət aɪ keɪm əˈkrɔs peɪʤ bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈoʊpənd ə hoʊl wərld tɪ mi əˈbaʊt ˈləvɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf ʤɪst ðə weɪ ðət ju ər. aɪ laɪ, ɪt wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ˈdɪfəkəlt bət aɪ hoʊp ðət ɪt wɪl gɪt ˈiziər ðə ˈlɔŋgər aɪ lʊk æt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd θɪŋk noʊ wət? aɪ lʊk ˈblədi good”*”. goʊɪŋ tɪ saɪn ɔf baɪ ˈtɛlɪŋ ju ɔl ə bɪg ˈsikrɪt aɪ æm ˈprɛgnənt. ðɪs taɪm, aɪ æm goʊɪŋ tɪ ɪmˈbreɪs ɪt əˈgɛn wɪθ ˈɛvəri ˈfaɪbər əv mi. wɪn ˈpipəl ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn maɪ saɪz, aɪ æm goʊɪŋ tɪ rəb maɪ ˈbɛli ənd seɪ jɛs, əv kɔrs aɪ æm ˈgɪtɪŋ bɪg- aɪ æm groʊɪŋ maɪ ˈbeɪbi, aɪ æm ə gʊd məm, aɪ æm goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə bɛst fər maɪ ˈbeɪbi ənd, pliz, wʊd ju pæs mi əˈnəðər slaɪs əv cake.”*.” ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əˈbaʊt ðə gɛst ˈraɪtər haɪ,- ˈlɪvɪŋ ðə gʊd laɪf ɪn ˈbɑni ˈskɑtlənd wɪθ maɪ ˈhəzbənd ənd məm tɪ ən əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈlɪtəl ˈsaɪdˌkɪk. ə bɪg oʊld ˈbʊkˌwərm, ʤɪn ˈləvər, ˈbeɪkər ənd ən aʊt ənd praʊd ˈdɪzni fæn. ˈlərnɪŋ tɪ ɪmˈbreɪs ˈbɑdi wən deɪ æt ə taɪm!
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this is a guest post written by nicci
i had a lovely upbringing but a lot of my memories involve sitting at weight loss clubs with my mum every week whilst she got weighed or listening to her asking my dad whether she looked fat in whatever she was wearing. as i grew up, it seemed like the common issue that all girls would have to deal with. i was particularly unlucky, i developed early and many kids would associate that with classing me as a fat person. it was always said as an insult, a curl of the upper lip and a sneer as they would lean forward and hiss at me- “fat cow, fat bitch, fat, fat, ugly, fat, fat” i could go on but i have a feeling that a lot of you are reading this and thinking that i could have been writing about you and your childhood.
i have spent the majority of my adult life trying to lose weight but it was never good enough. i would spend hours comparing myself to my friends who were slimmer, prettier and, in my eyes, therefore happier. my arms were too chubby, my lower stomach was too flabby, and my thighs were too big- the list would go on and on. i would lie in bed at night grabbing my stomach and arms and just hating myself with such ferocity that it would scare me. i would spend hours at the gym or running and my soundtrack of my iphone was ‘run fatty run”.
everything changed when i became pregnant with my son before i turned 29. i embraced the pregnancy as much as i could and for the first time in my life, i relished the fact that my stomach was getting bigger and i didn’t feel bad about eating. i felt like i need to be the best ‘hostess’ that i could be for my little squash and i was serious about doing it.
during my pregnancy however the comments continued but with a different tone. people, some who i didn’t even know, would tell me how big i had become; was i havingins and that they couldn’t believe what size i was at such an early stage in my pregnancy. i know that it is something that a majority of pregnant woman goes through but it ruined it for me. i started to worry about my size again and comparing myself to other mums to be.
i have a long-term condition called fibromyalgia and unfortunately as my pregnancy continued my pain levels increased to a point that i couldn’t walk. i also puffed up like the marshmallow man from ghostbusters due to all the extra fluid. my doctors weren’t happy so i was induced at 38 weeks and gave birth to the single best thing i have ever had. my son is the perfect thing to me and i love him wholeheartedly. they say (whoever they are!) that when you fall in love with someone everything pales in comparison. i have been lucky, as i have had thisice- when i met my husband and when they placed that little bundle of my chest after a painful and long labour and he snuffled against me.
best feeling ever.
it was when i went home with my son that i became more aware about how the media portray mums who have given birth recently. magazines would be full of celebs that had just given birth and were spotted weeks later back to ‘pre-baby’ weight and with a full face of makeup. websites and social media would be packed with the best way to lose weight as soon as possible but on investigation would suggest that the best way to start your day would be a cup of hot water with lemon. when i researched this more i found that there was an increasing number of mums-to-be and new mums dealing with a condition called pregorexia.
pregorexia is a type of anorexia where the pregnant woman will not eat the proper nutritional intake required and become focused on keeping the same weight or losing weight whilst pregnant. if you do an internet search on it you will find hundreds of thousands of sites giving information on this in great detail. it’s extremely disturbing and what is more worrying that just like normal pro-ana websites, there are the equivalent for women who are pregnant.
it was like a switch went on inside me, this wasn’t right. what kind of world do we live in where it is a bad thing to be big during pregnancy? who decided that if you didn’t strut out of the hospital in your size 6 jeans that you were a disgrace to humanity and womanhood?
well enough of this. enough of it all.
it shouldn’t be like this, no woman should have to feel that they are judged on how they look. women shouldn’t spend their life comparing themselves to others. i could kick myself when i look back during my pregnancy. i spent what should have been the best 9 months of my life, hating the fact that others felt that they had the right to comment on my size whether i was pregnant or not? what gave them the right to comment on how much i was eating when i was growing another little person inside of me? how is it fair that when i returned home after a difficult labour that people would ask what i was doing to get back to my ‘pre-baby’ weight?
hell no.
my son is 14 months old and continues to make me smile every day, he is my little partner in crime and we have travelled over scotland together when i was off during my maternity leave. i have lost weight but it was on my terms and i have never ever deprived myself of anything. i am not going to let my son spend his childhood hearing my complaints and comparisons about myself to my husband. i don’t want him to compare his body, i want him to love the fact that his little legs help him plod around the house and through the grass, that his little tummy is full and he is content and happy. i never want him to judge others on the way that they look because that is what makes us beautiful.
it makes me so sad when i am on my social media and i see women who are beautiful and happy belittling themselves. i am very thankful that i came across dani’s instagram ( it makes me so sad when i am on my social media and i see women who are beautiful and happy belittling themselves. i am very thankful that i came across dani’s instagram ( @ chooselifewarrior ) page because it opened a whole world to me about loving yourself just the way that you are. i won’t lie, it will always be difficult but i hope that it will get easier the longer i look at myself and think “you know what? i look bloody good”.
i’m going to sign off by telling you all a big secret – i am pregnant.
this time, i am going to embrace it again with every fibre of me. when people comment on my size, i am going to rub my belly and say “why yes, of course i am getting big- i am growing my baby, i am a good mum, i am going to the best for my baby and, please, would you pass me another slice of cake.”
a little bit about the guest writer nicci
hi, nicci- living the good life in bonnie scotland with my husband and mum to an amazing little sidekick. a big old bookworm, gin lover, baker and an out and proud disney fan. learning to embrace body positivity one day at a time!
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æt, wi ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. wɪn ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ə nu ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, tul ər ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ɑr ˌɪˈnɪʃəl æˈnælɪsɪs ɪz ɪz it?”*?” kən wi meɪk it?”*?” ˈkərəntli ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪŋ pleɪ (ˈviə ˈskɑlə) fər ɑr ˈsərvɪs leɪər. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ geɪn ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪθ ˈvɛriəs ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈstrætəʤiz ɪn ˈskɑlə, wi lʊkt fər əˈproʊʧɪz ðət wɛnt bɪɔnd ˈmɑkɪŋ ər ˌɪnˈʤɛktɪŋ rɪkˈwɛsts, ənd ðɛn riˈlist ə smɔl ˈwərkɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkt. wɪn trænˈzɪʃənɪŋ frəm ˈrubi tɪ ˈskɑlə, wət fərst ˈnoʊtɪs ɪz ðət jʊr oʊld ˈtɛstɪŋ noʊ ˈlɔŋgər əˈplaɪz (e.g*. noʊ mɔr foo.stub(:new*) ər ðət ju meɪ hæv dɪˈvɛləpt səm bæd ˈhæbəts (e.g*. ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈpraɪvət ˈmɛθədz). wət ju meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪs ɪz ə læk əv səm tərˈɪfɪkli ˈjusfəl ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz. ˈhævɪŋ meɪd juz əv ðə ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ʤɛm, wi sɛt aʊt tɪ faɪnd ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈsɪmələr ɪn ðə ˈʤɑvə ˈskɑlə ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ənd keɪm əˈkrɔs ˈbeɪtəmæks. ˈbeɪtəmæks wərks ˈsɪmələrli tɪ ju ˌɪnˈʤɛkt ““tapes”*” wɪʧ ɪt ðɛn ˈjuzɪz tɪ ˈrɛkərd ənd pleɪ bæk ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. ðiz ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ər pleɪd bæk beɪst ɔn əˈtrɪˌbjuts ɪn ðə rɪkˈwɛst. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfiʧərz ə tərˈɪfɪkli ˈsɪmpəl ənd meɪks juz əv ðə ˈʤɑvə.* ˈsɪstəm ˈprɑpərtiz soʊ noʊ kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən tɪ bi kənˈsərnd wɪθ ɪn jʊr tɛst swit, ðoʊ ɪt ɪz ˈɛmənəntli. ðə ˈʤərni fərst θɪŋz fərst, gɪt ðoʊz dɪˈpɛndənsiz sɛt əp: 1 2 "co.freeside*" "ˈbeɪtəmæks" "tɛst" "org.codehaus.groovy*" "groovy-all*" "tɛst" ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt riˈlis əv ˈbeɪtəmæks, ðə ˈgruvi ɪn ðə pɔm soʊ nid tɪ æd ðət ˈsɛkənd laɪn. rɑb (ˈbeɪtəmæks maintainer*) wɪl bi ˈædɪŋ ðət ɪn ðə nɛkst riˈlis soʊ baɪ ðə taɪm ju rɛd ðɪs, ɪt meɪ nɑt bi ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. nɛkst, fər ˈrizənz aɪ ˌæsərˈteɪnd, ˈjuzɪŋ ðə @rul ənd @ˈbeɪtəmæks ˌænəˈteɪʃənz ɪn ˈskɑlə ˈæˌkʧuəli wərk. frəm maɪ ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈrɛdɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈmætər aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ˌænəˈteɪʃənz ɪn ˈskɑlə tɪ bi ʤɪst ˈdɪfərənt ɪˈnəf frəm ˈʤɑvə ɛz tɪ bi ə sɔrs əv maɪld əˈnɔɪəns (ðoʊ ðə @tɛst ˌænəˈteɪʃən wərks ɪf ju prɪˈfər tɪ juz ɪn ˈskɑlə; si ðə lɪŋks fɑr bɪˈloʊ). ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ədˈvaɪs wɑz tɪ ˈjutəˌlaɪz ðə ˈbeɪtəmæks ˈlaɪbrɛˌri dɪˈrɛkli, ˈrəðər ðən riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn ðə ˌænəˈteɪʃən ˈhɛlpərz. ən ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈfɑloʊz. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 væl rɪˈkɔrdər nu rɪˈkɔrdər væl nu rɪˈkɔrdər rɪˈkɔrdər "youtubevideo.apply*" stɑrt 5hwir9_noro*" rɪˈkɔrdər stɑp ɪn ðɪs ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪz ðə neɪm əv ðə ‘‘tape’*’ ðət ðə ˈprɑksi ˈsərvər wɪl juz tɪ rɛd ənd rɪˈspɑnd tɪ jʊr rɪkˈwɛsts. ɪt ˈmæʧɪz jʊr rɪkˈwɛsts əˈgɛnst ðə rɪkˈwɛsts ‘‘recorded’*’ ɪn ðə teɪp ənd back’*’ ðə rɪˈspɑns, ˈstɔrɪŋ ðɪs ɛz ə faɪl ˈəndər aɪ ʧoʊz ðə neɪm əv ðə teɪp ɛz ${classname}.${methodname*} ðoʊ ʃʊr ðət ˈneɪmɪŋ ˈstrætəʤi wɪl ɪˈvɑlv. əˈpɑn əˈdɪʃənəl əv jʊr test(s*), ˈbeɪtəmæks wɪl mæʧ ðə rɪkˈwɛst tɪ ðoʊz ɪn ðə teɪps ənd pleɪ bæk ðə stɔrd rɪˈspɑnsɪz. ɪf laɪk tɪ ə ˈdɪfərənt rɪˈspɑns, nid tɪ dɪˈlit ðə faɪl ənd rən jʊr tɛsts əˈgɛn. ənd ˈpɛrəˌlɛˌlɪzəm soʊ hir wi ər ˈbeɪtəmæks ɪz əp ənd ˈrənɪŋ fər wən spɛk. wət ˈhæpənz wɪn ju æd mɔr ðən wən? sɪns ˈbeɪtəmæks stɑrts ə ˈprɑksi ˈsərvər (æt baɪ dɪˈfɔlt), ju kən ˌɪˈmæʤən wət ˈhæpənz ɪf ju əˈtɛmpt tɪ rən ˌspɛsəfəˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ðə pɔrt ɪz ˈɑbviəsli ɪn juz ənd ˈkænɑt bi baʊnd tɪ twaɪs. dɛlt wɪθ ˈsɪmələr ˈɪʃuz ɪn ˈtɛstɪŋ ɑr ˈskɔldɪŋ ʤɑbz wɪθ ənd ðə ˈænsər ɪz tɪ dɪˈseɪbəl ðɪs ˈpɛrəˌlɛˌlɪzəm ɪn. 1 ɪn tɛst fɔls naʊ ðɛr ər ˈəðər əˈproʊʧɪz wən maɪt kənˈsɪdər, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, spɛks ˈblɑkɪŋ ɔn ðə əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti əv ə ˈprɑksi ˈsərvər, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ɪf jʊr ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən swit ɪz pɑrt əv ə large®*® swit ðɛn pərˈhæps kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ bæk tɪ ˈbeɪtəmæks wʊd bi ə gʊd aɪˈdiə ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ɪts ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən wɪθ ər ɪts tɪ ˈbɛtər səˈpɔrt ˈpɛrəˌlɛl spɛks ɪn ˈskɑlə ðət ɔl simz ə bɪt ˈmɛsi wɪθ ˈskɑlə, wi kən ˈdɛfənətli du ˈbɛtər. fərst, ðət ˈbɔɪlərˌpleɪt ˈɪntu ə ˈhɛlpər. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 strɪŋ ˈɛni ˈsɪŋkrəˌnaɪzd væl rɪˈkɔrdər nu rɪˈkɔrdər væl nu rɪˈkɔrdər rɪˈkɔrdər stɑrt traɪ ˈfaɪnəli rɪˈkɔrdər stɑp noʊt ðət ðə ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ɪn keɪs jʊr spɛks feɪl ðə ˈprɑksi ˈsərvər nidz tɪ bi ˈʃətˌdaʊn ˈsɛkənd, meɪk juz əv ðə ˈhɛlpər. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ".əˈplaɪ" ʃʊd "fɛʧ ənd pɑrs frəm ðə tˈwɪtər ˈɛndˌpɔɪnt" ɪn væl "http://www.buzzfeed.com/despicableme2/15-reasons-we-wish-we-were-steve-carell*/" tˈwɪtər nəl "twitter.apply*" tˈwɪtər məst_== məst_== 29 θərd, naʊ ðət ɪn ə ˈhɛlpər (ə ˈsɪŋgəl sɔrs əv ˈnɑlɪʤ əˈbaʊt ˈbeɪtəmæks), wi kən ˈsɪŋkrəˌnaɪz ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ɪt ənd riˈmuv ðə nid tɪ rən ɔl əv ɑr tɛsts səkˈwɛnʃəli (i.e*. riˈmuv ðə rul ɪn jʊr build.sbt*). ɛz ˈɔlˌweɪz, ɪz ˈhaɪrɪŋ! ɪf ˈpæʃənət əˈbaʊt ˈraɪtɪŋ kˈwɑləti koʊd ənd ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈjuzɪŋ ˈskɑlə (ər reɪlz, ər ˈskɔldɪŋ, ər ʃɛf, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) drɔp ˈjuˈɛs ə laɪn! əˈpɛndɪks ˈdʊrɪŋ maɪ ˈrisərʧ, səm ˈskɑlə ˈtɛstɪŋ rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈtɪdbɪts ju meɪ faɪnd ˈjusfəl ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ:
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at sharethrough, we tdd everything. when investigating a new language, tool or library, included in our initial analysis is “how testable is it?” and/or “how testable can we make it?” we’re currently utilizing typesafe’s play (via scala) for our service layer. in order to gain experience with various testing strategies in scala, we looked for api-testing approaches that went beyond mocking or injecting http requests, and then released a small working project.
when transitioning from ruby to scala, what you’ll first notice is that your old testing toolset no longer applies (e.g. no more foo.stub(:new) ) or that you may have developed some bad habits (e.g. testing private methods). what you may also notice is a lack of some terrifically useful libraries. having made use of the incredible vcr gem, we set out to find something similar in the java / scala ecosystem and came across betamax.
betamax works similarly to vcr - you inject “tapes” which it then uses to record and play back http interactions. these interactions are played back based on configurable attributes in the request. it also features a terrifically simple annotation-based api and makes use of the java http.* system properties so no configuration to be concerned with in your test suite, though it is eminently configurable.
the journey
first things first, let’s get those dependencies set up:
1 2 "co.freeside" % "betamax" % "1.1.2" % "test" "org.codehaus.groovy" % "groovy-all" % "1.8.8" % "test"
in the current release of betamax, the groovy libaries aren’t in the pom so you’ll need to add that second line. rob (betamax maintainer) will be adding that in the next release so by the time you read this, it may not be necessary.
next, for reasons i haven’t ascertained, using the @rule and @betamax annotations in scala doesn’t actually work. from my limited reading on the matter i understand annotations in scala to be just different enough from java as to be a source of mild annoyance (though the junit @test annotation works if you prefer to use junit in scala; see the links far below).
implementation
rob’s advice was to utilize the betamax library directly, rather than relying on the annotation helpers. an example follows.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 val recorder = new recorder val proxyserver = new proxyserver ( recorder ) recorder . inserttape ( "youtubevideo.apply" ) proxyserver . start () youtubevideo ( "5hwir9_noro" ) recorder . ejecttape () proxyserver . stop ()
in this example, youtubevideo.apply is the name of the ‘tape’ that the proxy server will use to read and respond to your http requests. it matches your http requests against the requests ‘recorded’ in the tape and ‘plays back’ the response, storing this as a yaml file under test/resources . i chose the name of the tape as ${classname}.${methodname} , though i’m sure that naming strategy will evolve.
upon additional invocations of your test(s), betamax will match the http request to those in the tapes and play back the stored responses. if you’d like to re-record a different response, you’ll need to delete the yaml file and run your tests again.
sbt and specs2 - parallelism
so here we are - betamax is up and running for one spec. what happens when you add more than one? since betamax starts a proxy server (at localhost:5555 by default), you can imagine what happens if you attempt to run betamax-based specifications in parallel - the port is obviously in use and cannot be bound to twice.
we’ve dealt with similar issues in testing our scalding jobs with spec2, and the answer is to disable this parallelism in sbt.
1 parallelexecution in test := false
now there are other approaches one might consider, for example, betamax-based specs blocking on the availability of a proxy server, etc. if your integration suite is part of a large® suite then perhaps contributing back to betamax would be a good idea - improving its integration with specs2 or its api to better support parallel specs in scala :)
that all seems a bit messy
with scala, we can definitely do better. first, refactor that boilerplate into a helper.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 def withtape ( tapename : string , functionundertest : () => any ) = { synchronized { val recorder = new recorder val proxyserver = new proxyserver ( recorder ) recorder . inserttape ( tapename ) proxyserver . start () try { functionundertest () } finally { recorder . ejecttape () proxyserver . stop () } } }
note that the try...finally is necessary in case your specs fail - the proxy server needs to be shutdown :) second, make use of the helper.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ".apply" should { "fetch and parse json from the twitter endpoint" in { val url = "http://www.buzzfeed.com/despicableme2/15-reasons-we-wish-we-were-steve-carell/" var tw : twitter = null betamaxhelper . withtape ( "twitter.apply" , () => { tw = twitter ( url ) }) tw . url must_== url tw . tweets must_== 29 } }
third, now that we’re in a helper (a single source of knowledge about betamax), we can synchronize access to it and remove the need to run all of our tests sequentially (i.e. remove the parallelexecution rule in your build.sbt).
as always, sharethrough is hiring! if you’re passionate about writing quality code and interested in using scala (or rails, or scalding, or chef, etc.) drop us a line!
appendix
during my research, some scala testing related tidbits you may find useful or interesting:
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ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt wund: haʊ ðə sleɪv tæks wɔrpt ˌæləˈbæmə ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz kloʊz ʤeɪmz ˈmɛriən sɪmz wɑz ə ˈsɛnʧəri ˈdɔktər hu pərˈfɔrmd ˈdəzənz əv ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl ˈsərʤəriz ɔn sleɪv ˈwɪmən ɪn ə ˈbæˌkjɑrd mɑntˈgəmri ˈhɑˌspɪtəl wɪθ noʊ ˌænɪsˈθiˌʒiə. wən sleɪv əˈloʊn ɪnˈdʊrd 30 ˈsərʤəriz. ɪn ðə leɪt spərɪŋ ər ˈərli ˈsəmər əv 1822 ə mæn neɪmd ˈboʊlɪŋ hɔl meɪd ə lɪst əv ɔl hɪz ˈprɑpərti ˌbiˈfɔr ˈteɪkɪŋ ɪt tɪ ðə ˈkaʊnti əˈsɛsər ənd peɪɪŋ hɪz ˈtæksɪz. ɔn ðə lɛft saɪd əv ə pis əv ˈpɑrʧmənt, hɔl ˈlɪstɪd ˈhənərdz əv ˈeɪkərz əv lænd əkˈwaɪərd sɪns ˈlivɪŋ ˈʤɔrʤə fɔr jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr. hi wʊd peɪ bɪtˈwin 2 ənd 8 ən ˈeɪkər ɔn ɪt. hi ˈlɪstɪd ə goʊld wɔʧ, ɛz wɛl ɛz ə koʊʧ, wɪʧ hi ˈvæljud æt 250 ðə steɪt wʊd kəˈlɛkt əˈbaʊt ɔn ɪt. ənd ɪn ðə tɔp raɪˈthænd ˈkɔrnər, hɔl ˈlɪstɪd ˈnigroʊz ˈəndər 10 years”*” ənd ˈnigroʊz ˈoʊvər 10 years.”*.” ən ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən gərl, ˈpɑsəbli ə sleɪv, ˈsərkə 1856 (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˌæləˈbæmə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈɑrˌkaɪvz ənd history/contributed*) baɪ lɔ, hɔl wʊd hæv peɪd 25 sɛnts fər ˈɛvəri sleɪv ˈjəŋgər ðən 10 ənd ə ˈdɔlər fər ðoʊz ˈoʊldər ðən 10 fər ðə ˈjumən biɪŋz huz ˌənrikˈwaɪtɪd tɔɪl əˈlaʊd ɪm tɪ baɪ ˈkoʊʧɪz ənd goʊld ˈwɑʧɪz. ˌæləˈbæmə tæks əˈsɛsmənts ðət jɪr ənd fər mɔr ðən fɔr ˈdɛkeɪdz ˈæftər wʊd ˌɪnˈklud ˈneɪmləs ˈkɑləmz əv sleɪvz huz ɪgˈzɪstəns wɑz ˈkrɪtɪkəl tɪ ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əv steɪt ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈkɑmpækt wɪθ ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən wɑz, fər waɪts, ˈvɛri ˈprɑfətəbəl, ənd ˈnoʊˌwɛr mɔr ðən ɪn ðə steɪts sleɪv tæks. hoʊldz ðə lænd tæks tɪ ˈvɛri loʊ ˈlɛvəlz bɪˈkəz moʊst əv ðə ˈrɛvəˌnu kəmz frəm ðə sleɪv tax,”*,” sɛd ʤeɪ. mɪlz ˈθɔrntən, ə rɪˈtaɪrd ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɪʃɪgən prəˈfɛsər ənd hɪˈstɔriən əv ðə saʊθ. rɪˈzəlt ɪz ðət smɔl ˈfɑrmərz peɪ ˈvərʧuəli noʊ dɪˈrɛkt taxes.”*.” ɛz sˈleɪvəri tˈwɪstɪd ˈpɑləˌtɪks ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪn ˌæləˈbæmə ənd θruaʊt ðə saʊθ, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ wɔrpt ðə ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz. fər ˈdɛkeɪdz, ðə sleɪv tæks wɑz ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈpɪlər əv ðə tæks ˈsɪstəm. hɪˈstɔriənz ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðət æt list θru ðə mid-1850s*, ðə tæks ɔn ðə wɛlθ kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ðə mɛn, ˈwɪmən, ənd ˈʧɪldrən ˈsəfərɪŋ ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ənd ˈɔfən, ˈfɪzɪkəl ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlts wɑz ðə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈbɪgəst ˈrɛvəˌnu sɔrs fər steɪt ˈgəvərnmənt. laɪk sˈleɪvəri, ðə sleɪv tæks wʊd liv ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt wund ɔn ðə steɪt. wɪn sˈleɪvəri daɪd, soʊ dɪd ðə tæks. ˈɛfərts tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðə lɔst ˈrɛvəˌnu wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrist ˈprɑpərti ˈtæksɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈmeɪʤər sɔrs lɛft spɑrkt ən ˈæŋgri riˈækʃən. ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtərz rəʃt tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus tæks riˈstrɪkʃənz ˈæftər ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən wɪˈθaʊt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈsɪriəs ˈɛfərts tɪ faɪnd ˈəðər ˈsɔrsəz əv ˈrɛvəˌnu. ðət sɛt ɪn pleɪs ˈpɑləsiz ðət, tɪ ðɪs deɪ, meɪk ɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl fər ˌæləˈbæmə tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ɪˈnəf ˈrɛvəˌnu tɪ peɪ fər ɪts steɪt ˈbɪljən ˈʤɛnərəl fənd, wɪʧ peɪz fər moʊst ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪn ðə steɪt, ʃʊd groʊ noʊ mɔr ðən 25 ˈmɪljən ɪn 2018 ðə ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd ˈeɪʤənsi əˈloʊn həz rɪkˈwɛstɪd ə 44 ˈmɪljən ˌɪnˈkris fər ðə jɪr. sleɪv tæks ɪn ə wɪrd weɪ wɑz ə stabilizer,”*,” sɛd ˈsuzən peɪs ˈhæməl, ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌæləˈbæmə prəˈfɛsər ənd ˈɛkspərt ɔn steɪt tækˈseɪʃən. wɑz ə bæd ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzər ðə hoʊl ˈsɪstəm əv sˈleɪvəri wɑz ə bæd ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzər. ə ˈʃeɪmfəl stabilizer.”*.” ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ə ˈstimˌboʊt, ˈteɪkən bɪtˈwin 1850 ənd 1869 (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˌæləˈbæmə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈɑrˌkaɪvz ənd history/contributed*) ðə fruts əv ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ˈtæksɪz ɔn sleɪvz wərənt ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ˌæləˈbæmə. ɪn ə 2003 ˈɑrtɪkəl, ˈbɔstən ˌjunəˈvərsəti skul əv lɔ prəˈfɛsər ˈkɛvɪn roʊt ðət ðə sleɪv tæks brɔt ɪn ˈɛniˌwɛr frəm 30 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛvəˌnuz tɪ (ɪn saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə) 60 pərˈsɛnt. ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ˈlɛvid sleɪv ˈtæksɪz frəm 1798 tɪ 1802 ənd əˈgɛn frəm 1813 tɪ 1817 boʊθ taɪmz tɪ peɪ fər wɔr. kəˈloʊniəl taɪmz tɪ ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr, əˈmɛrɪkən ˈgəvərnmənts dəraɪvd mɔr ˈrɛvəˌnuz frəm sleɪv ˈtæksɪz ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər source,”*,” roʊt. əˈproʊʧɪz tɪ tækˈseɪʃən ˈdɪfərd. ɪn ˈʤɔrʤə, ðə tæks ɔn ə sleɪv wɑz ˈikwəl tɪ ðə tæks ɔn 100 ˈeɪkərz. steɪts laɪk luˌiziˈænə hæd ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ˈkætəˌgɔriz baɪ eɪʤ ənd sex,”*,” sɛd ˈrɑbɪn ˈaɪnˌhɔrn, ə ˈhɪstəri prəˈfɛsər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈbərkli. hæv ˈfiˌmeɪl sleɪvz bɪtˈwin ˈeɪʤɪz əv ɛks ənd waɪ. luˌiziˈænə hæd ə ˈvɛri ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt schedule.”*.” ˌæləˈbæmə ˈrɛzɪdənts peɪd ə sleɪv tæks waɪl pɑrt əv ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri. æt ˈsteɪˌthʊd ɪn 1819 ˌæləˈbæmə əˈbɑlɪʃt ðə tæks. ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ ˈbəʤɪt ˈʃɔrtˌfɔl lɛd tɪ ɪts swɪft rɪˈtərn ənd kɛpt ɪt ɪn pleɪs ənˈtɪl ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr. ðə steɪt juzd ə hɛd tæks. ənˈtɪl ðə ˈdɛkeɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr, ˌæləˈbæmə ˈʤɛnərəli hæd tu reɪts: wən fər ɛnsˈleɪvd ˈpipəl ˈəndər ðə eɪʤ əv 10 ənd wən ˈoʊvər ɪt. ðə reɪt əv tækˈseɪʃən ˈvɛrid, bət baɪ ðə hæd ˈsɛtəld ˈɪntu ə tæks fər ðoʊz ˈəndər ðə eɪʤ əv 10 ənd ə tæks fər ðoʊz bɪtˈwin ðə ˈeɪʤɪz əv 10 ənd 50 ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə reɪt, ə tæks bɪl wɑz ˈtaɪni kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə ˈvælju. ɪn 1860 ən ˌæləˈbæmə wʊd peɪ noʊ mɔr ðən ɪn ˈtæksɪz (əˈbaʊt 30 ɪn 2016 ˈdɔlərz) fər ə 15 tɪ fild hænd. ðə kʊd sɛl ðət seɪm ˈpərsən fər əp tɪ (ˈikwəl tɪ əˈbaʊt təˈdeɪ). ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈvælju əv sleɪvz ɪn ðə saʊθ ðət jɪr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ "ˌæləˈbæmə: ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ə dip saʊθ steɪt," wɑz 2 ˈbɪljən. ðə 1860 ˈsɛnsəs ðət həz ðə ˈsəməri ˈnəmbər ðət mɔr wɛlθ hɛld ɪn sleɪvz ðən ˈreɪˌlroʊd ənd ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈæˌsɛts combined,”*,” ˈaɪnˌhɔrn sɛd. ðə wɛlθ ðə sleɪvz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ˈlɑrʤli frəm ˈkəltɪˌveɪtɪŋ ˈkɔtən wɑz lɑrʤ. wɑz wən əv ðə ˈwɛlθiəst steɪts ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts æt ðə taɪm əv ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr, ənd soʊ wɑz ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi, ɪn pɑrt bɪˈkəz ˈoʊnli ˈkaʊntɪŋ waɪt people,”*,” sɛd ˈælfrɪd ˈbroʊfi, ə prəˈfɛsər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə skul əv lɔ. baɪ 1850 ˈkɔtən əˈkaʊntɪd fər 50 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd states’*’ ˈɛkspɔrts. 23 pərˈsɛnt əv ðət keɪm frəm ˌæləˈbæmə. waɪts meɪ nɑt hæv ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ðə wɛlθ, bət ˈbɛnəˌfɪtɪd frəm ðə ˈsɪstəm. ɪn ðə ˌæntɪˈbɛləm ˈɪrə, ˈθɔrntən ˈɛstəˌmeɪts, ðə θərd əv ðə ˈsɪtɪzənri peɪd æt list ˌtuˈθərdz əv ðə taxes.”*.” ðə frənt peɪʤ əv ə ˈboʊlɪŋ hɔl tæks rɪˈsit, ˈsərkə 1822 ˌɪnˈkludz ə ˈnoʊtɪs ðət hi peɪd ˈtæksɪz ɔn sleɪvz. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˌæləˈbæmə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈɑrˌkaɪvz ənd history/contributed*) əˈsaɪd ðə ˈmɔrəl dɪˈprævəti əv sˈleɪvəri, ənd aɪ ˌɪmˈplaɪ ˈəðərˌwaɪz, ðə ˌæntɪˈbɛləm tæks ˈstrəkʧər əv ˌæləˈbæmə wɑz prəˈgrɛsɪv ɪn ðə sɛns ðət ðə ˈbərdən fɛl mɔr ɔn ðoʊz ˈeɪbəl tɪ pay,”*,” ˈhæməl sɛd. ðə ˈpɑləˌtɪks hɛlpt səˈsteɪn ðət ˈsɪstəm. ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti, wɪʧ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd smɔl ˈfɑrmərz, ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ˌæntɪˈbɛləm ˌæləˈbæmə, bət moʊst hu ˈkləstərd ɪn ðə blæk bɛlt bɪˈlɔŋd tɪ ðə ˈraɪvəl wɪg ˈpɑrti. steɪt əˈpɔrʃənmənt ɪn ˌæləˈbæmə ˈoʊnli ˈkaʊntɪd waɪts. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, wɪgz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈnɛvər hɛld ə məˈʤɔrəti ɪn ˈiðər ˈʧeɪmbər əv ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər. ðɛr wər ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈəðər ˈtæksɪz, səʧ ɛz ˈtæksɪz ɔn merchants’*’ groʊs rɪˈsits, bət fər ðə moʊst pɑrt, ðeɪ meɪd ˈlɪtəl ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn waɪt alabamians*. hæv noʊ sɛns əv biɪŋ tækst, ənd ðeɪ fil ˈtæksɪz ər bɔrn baɪ, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli lɑrʤ slaveholders,”*,” ˈθɔrntən sɛd. əˈprɛsɪv lɔz; tæks ʃɪfts bət sˈleɪvəri rikˈwaɪərd fɔrs, ənd ðə ˈrɛkərdz əv ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ækts ɪn ðə ˌæntɪˈbɛləm lɪst ˈpɛrəˌnɔɪd ənd əˈprɛsɪv lɔz ɪn ˌæləˈbæmə. wɛr sleɪv ˈtæksɪz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ˈrɛvəˌnu fər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, ˈtæksɪz ɔn fri blæks eɪmd æt ˈpənɪʃmənt. ɪn 1862 ə fri blæk mæn peɪd 5 ɪn ˈtæksɪz, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ 75 sɛnts fər ə waɪt mæn. harassment,”*,” ˈaɪnˌhɔrn sɛd. list ɪn ˈθɪri, ju wʊd sɛl jʊr ˈæˌsɛts, ər ju kʊd luz jʊr fɑrm fər ˈfeɪljər tɪ peɪ taxes.”*.” ɪn 1839 ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər əˈpruvd ə lɔ ðət əˈlaʊd ˈɛni ˈpərsən tɪ siz ˈɛni fri blæk ˈpərsən hu hæd ˈɛnərd ðə steɪt sɪns 1832 ənd meɪk ðɛm ə sleɪv. ðə seɪm jɪr, ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər əˈpruvd ə ˈmɛʒər ðət rikˈwaɪərd ðə ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt əv fri blæks ˈsərvɪŋ ɔn ʃɪps ðət keɪm tɪ ˌæləˈbæmə ənˈtɪl ðə ʃɪp lɛft ðə ˈhɑrbər. ɪn 1843 ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv əˈpruvd 1 ənd 2 pərˈsɛnt ˈtæksɪz ɔn sleɪvz (beɪst ɔn eɪʤ) tɪ kriˈeɪt ə fənd tɪ ˈkɑmpənˌseɪt ɪf ðə steɪt ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd ðɛr sleɪvz fər ˈkæpɪtəl kraɪmz. baɪ 1860 ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər fərˈbeɪd ðə ɪˌmænsəˈpeɪʃən əv ˈɛni sleɪv ənd riˈmuvɪŋ ˈɛni sleɪv frəm ðə steɪt. ðə sleɪv tæks, ˈminˌwaɪl, rɪˈmeɪnd ə ˈpɪlər əv steɪt ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz. ðə tæks əˈkaʊntɪd fər 46 pərˈsɛnt əv ɔl steɪt ˈrɛvəˌnu ɪn ˌæləˈbæmə ɪn 1849 (ɪn ˈʤɔrʤə, ðə tæks wɑz mɔr ðən 49 pərˈsɛnt əv ɔl ˈrɛvəˌnuz ðət jɪr.) bət ðə tæks ˈsɪstəm ˌɪtˈsɛlf wɑz ˈʃɪftɪŋ, ɛz ˈwɛlθi bɪˈkeɪm mɔr ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər. hɛlpt ɪn pɑrt baɪ ə rɛr wɪg ˈvɪktəri ɪn 1849 ðə ˈpɑrti tʊk kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˌæləˈbæmə ˈsɛnɪt ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər hæd baɪ 1850 ʧeɪnʤd ðə ˈprɑpərti tæks ˈstrəkʧər. lænd wɑz ˈjuʒəwəli tækst ɪn fɔr ˈdɪfərənt ““quality”*” ˈkætəˌgɔriz, wɪʧ sɛt ə ˈdɔlər reɪt fər iʧ ˈeɪkər əv lænd əˈsɛst. baɪ 1850 ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər əˈpruvd ən æd reɪt əv ˈtæksɪz, wɪʧ tækst ɔl lænd æt ə fɪkst reɪt əv 20 sɛnts pər 100 əv ˈvælju. ðə ˈsɪstəm eɪmd tɪ rɪˈflɛkt lænd ˈvæljuz, bət ˈɔlsoʊ pʊld sˈmɔlər ˈfɑrmərz ˈɪntu ðə tæks ˈstrəkʧər. ɪkˈsɛpt fər ə prəˈvɪʒən fər ər dɪˈseɪbəld ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz, ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər dɪd nɑt ɪkˈstɛnd ðə æd ˈsɪstəm tɪ sleɪvz. wɪgz faɪt it,”*,” ˈθɔrntən sɛd. ðɛr rɪˈzɪstəns həz səm ˈifɛkt. wɪn ðə æd tæks wɑz əˈdɑptəd, ɪt wɑz ˈoʊnli əˈdɑptəd fər land.”*.” ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər əˈdɑptəd ə nu reɪnʤ əv eɪʤ ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃənz fər sleɪv ˈtæksɪz, ˈbrɔdli beɪst ɔn ðə ˈvælju ðə sleɪv kʊd kriˈeɪt. əˈkɔrdɪŋli, ˈtæksɪz ɔn sleɪvz bɪtˈwin 15 ənd 30 wər haɪəst; ðoʊz ɔn ˈʧɪldrən ənd ðə ˈɛldərli wər ðə loʊəst. ðə nu ˈsɪstəm dru ɪn fɑr mɔr ˈtækˌspeɪərz ðən ðə oʊld wən. baɪ 1860 ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈtæksɪz ˌriˈpleɪst ðə sleɪv tæks ɛz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst sɔrs əv ˈrɛvəˌnu, ðoʊ ðə sleɪv tæks rɪˈmeɪnd ə ˈmeɪʤər sɔrs əv ˈrɛvəˌnu fər ðə steɪt. ɪn 1862 əˈmɪd ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr, ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər ˈdəbəld ðə ˈtæksɪz ɔn sleɪvz, tɪ peɪ fər ðə wɔr ˈɛfərt. ðə ˈrɛkənɪŋ ðə sleɪv tæks wɛnt ˈæftər ðə wɔr, bət ðə ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪt peɪd fər dɪd nɑt. ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən, rɪˈpəblɪkənz traɪd tɪ meɪk əp ðə ˈdɪfərəns wɪθ ˈprɑpərti ˈtæksɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈmeɪʤər sɔrs əv ˈrɛvəˌnu lɛft wɪʧ ɛmˈbɪtərd ə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ðət hæd groʊn juzd tɪ peɪɪŋ moʊst ˈtæksɪz. ˈhɪstəri ɪz ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd, bət wi kən seɪ wɪθ səm ˈsərtənti ðət ðət ˈprɑbəˌbli hərt smɔl ˈlænˌdoʊnərz mɔr ðən bɪg ˈlænˌdoʊnərz, ənd fjuəld ðɛr resentment,”*,” ˈhæməl sɛd. wɪn ˈdɛməˌkræts rɪˈkəvərd kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər ɪn 1874 ðeɪ kɔld ə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl kənˈvɛnʃən. ðət kənˈvɛnʃən kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ðət bɪˈgæn ðə sloʊ dɪsɪnˈfrænˌʧaɪzmənt əv blæk ˈvoʊtərz. bət ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ pʊt kæps ɔn ˈprɑpərti ˈtæksɪz. ˈɛmənənt ˈsteɪtsmən həz sɛd, paʊər tɪ tæks ɪz ðə paʊər tɪ destroy,’”*,’” sɛd ˈliˌrɔɪ poʊp ˈwɔkər, ə kənˈfɛdərˌeɪt ˈʤɛnərəl hu sərvd ɛz ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə kənˈvɛnʃən. ʃʊd prəˈvaɪd əˈgɛnst ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz, ɛz ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz ˈɔfən bɪˈkəm facts.”*.” bət ðə ˈbərbən ˈdɛməˌkræts hu ruld ˌæləˈbæmə fər ˈdɛkeɪdz ənd ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ˈivɪn mɔr ˈstrɪnʤənt ˈprɑpərti tæks kæps ɪn ðə 1901 ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən ˈnɛvər kənˈsɪdərd ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈtæksɪz ðət maɪt traɪ tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðə lɔst sleɪv tæks. fər ðə moʊst pɑrt, əˈfɪʃəlz hæv əˈvɔɪdɪd ðə ˈɪʃu. ən ˈɪnˌkəm tæks əˈpruvd ɪn 1933 ɛnʃˈraɪnd tæks reɪts ɪn ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən; ðə steɪt ˈɪnˌkəm tæks reɪts stɪl rɪˈflɛkt greɪt ˈvæljuz. ɪn ðə 1970s*, ðə ʤɔrʤ ˈwɔlɪs ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ədˈvænst ðə bills,”*,” wɪʧ ˈfərðər riˈstrɪktɪd ðə ˈprɑpərti ˈtæksɪz ɪn ðə steɪt. ðoʊz ˈrɛvəˌnu ˈʃɔrtˌfɔlz ər wən əv ðə ˈlæstɪŋ ˈlɛgəsiz əv sˈleɪvəri: ə steɪt ˈgəvərnmənt ðət ˈstrəgəlz tɪ peɪ ɪts bɪlz. ˈpɑləsi ɪz ən ˈɑbviəs wund ðət festers,”*,” ˈθɔrntən sɛd. ˈpɑləsi ɪz məʧ lɛs soʊ, bət ɪt ɪz wən əv ðə ˈfɛstərɪŋ wundz əv slavery.”*.” rɛd ər ʃɛr ðɪs ˈstɔri:
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a permanent wound: how the slave tax warped alabama finances
close james marion sims was a 19th century doctor who performed dozens of experimental surgeries on slave women in a backyard montgomery hospital with no anesthesia. one slave alone endured 30 surgeries. wochit
in the late spring or early summer of 1822, a man named bolling hall made a list of all his property before taking it to the autauga county assessor and paying his taxes.
on the left side of a piece of parchment, hall listed hundreds of acres of land he’d acquired since leaving georgia four years before. he would pay between $2 and $8 an acre on it.
he listed a gold watch, as well as a coach, which he valued at $250. the state would collect about $2.50 on it.
and in the top right-hand corner, hall listed “15 negroes under 10 years” and “30 negroes over 10 years.”
an unidentified african-american girl, possibly a slave, circa 1856. (photo: alabama department of archives and history/contributed)
by law, hall would have paid 25 cents for every slave younger than 10, and a dollar for those older than 10 — $33.75 for the human beings whose unrequited toil allowed him to buy coaches and gold watches.
alabama tax assessments that year — and for more than four decades after — would include nameless columns of slaves whose existence was critical to the operations of state government. alabama’s compact with the institution was, for whites, very profitable, and nowhere more than in the state's slave tax.
“it holds the land tax to very low levels because most of the revenue comes from the slave tax,” said j. mills thornton, a retired university of michigan professor and historian of the south. “the result is that small farmers pay virtually no direct taxes.”
as slavery twisted politics and society in alabama and throughout the south, it also warped the state’s finances. for decades, the slave tax was a major pillar of the state’s tax system. historians estimate that at least through the mid-1850s, the tax on the wealth created by the men, women, and children suffering exploitation — and often, physical and sexual assaults — was the single biggest revenue source for state government.
like slavery, the slave tax would leave a permanent wound on the state. when slavery died, so did the tax. reconstruction-era efforts to replace the lost revenue with increased property taxes — the only major source left — sparked an angry reaction. legislators rushed to introduce tax restrictions after reconstruction without making serious efforts to find other sources of revenue.
that set in place decades-long policies that, to this day, make it difficult and sometimes impossible for alabama to generate enough revenue to pay for its state services.the $1.8 billion general fund, which pays for most noneducation services in the state, should grow no more than $25 million in 2018; the state’s medicaid agency alone has requested a $44 million increase for the year.
“the slave tax in a weird way was a stabilizer,” said susan pace hamill, a university of alabama professor and expert on state taxation. “it was a bad stabilizer — the whole system of slavery was a bad stabilizer. a shameful stabilizer.”
a photo of a steamboat, taken between 1850 and 1869. (photo: alabama department of archives and history/contributed)
the fruits of exploitation
taxes on slaves weren't limited to alabama. in a 2003 article, boston university school of law professor kevin outterson wrote that the slave tax brought in anywhere from 30 percent of public revenues to (in south carolina) 60 percent. the federal government levied slave taxes from 1798 to 1802, and again from 1813 to 1817, both times to pay for war.
“from colonial times to the civil war, american governments derived more revenues from slave taxes than any other source,” outterson wrote.
approaches to taxation differed. in georgia, the tax on a slave was equal to the tax on 100 acres.
“some states like louisiana had elaborate categories by age and sex,” said robin einhorn, a history professor at the university of california berkeley. “you’d have female slaves between ages of x and y. louisiana had a very elaborate schedule.”
alabama residents paid a slave tax while part of mississippi territory. at statehood in 1819, alabama abolished the tax. the resulting budget shortfall led to its swift return and kept it in place until the end of the civil war.
the state used a head tax. until the decade before the civil war, alabama generally had two rates: one for enslaved people under the age of 10, and one over it. the rate of taxation varied, but by the 1840s had settled into a 10-cent tax for those under the age of 10, and a 50-cent tax for those between the ages of 10 and 50.
whatever the rate, a slaveholder's tax bill was tiny compared to the slave's value. in 1860, an alabama slaveholder would pay no more than $1.10 in taxes (about $30 in 2016 dollars) for a 15- to 30-year field hand. the slaveholder could sell that same person for up to $1,600 (equal to about $43,000 today). the total value of slaves in the south that year, according to "alabama: the history of a deep south state," was $2 billion.
“it’s the 1860 census that has the summary number that there’s more wealth held in slaves than railroad and industrial assets combined,” einhorn said.
the wealth the slaves generated — largely from cultivating cotton — was large.
“alabama was one of the wealthiest states in the united states at the time of the civil war, and so was mississippi, in part because they’re only counting white people,” said alfred brophy, a professor at the university of north carolina school of law.
by 1850, cotton accounted for 50 percent of the united states’ exports. 23 percent of that came from alabama.
non-slaveholding whites may not have enjoyed the wealth, but benefited from the system. in the antebellum era, thornton estimates, the “wealthiest third of the citizenry paid at least two-thirds of the taxes.”
the front page of a bolling hall tax receipt, circa 1822, includes a notice that he paid taxes on slaves. (photo: alabama department of archives and history/contributed)
“putting aside the moral depravity of slavery, and i don’t imply otherwise, the antebellum tax structure of alabama was progressive in the sense that the burden fell more on those able to pay,” hamill said.
the state’s politics helped sustain that system. the democratic party, which represented small farmers, dominated antebellum alabama, but most slaveholders — who clustered in the black belt — belonged to the rival whig party. state apportionment in alabama only counted whites. as a result, whigs almost never held a majority in either chamber of the legislature.
there were a handful of other taxes, such as taxes on merchants’ gross receipts, but for the most part, they made little impact on white alabamians.
“they have no sense of being taxed, and they feel taxes are borne by slaveholders, particularly large slaveholders,” thornton said.
oppressive laws; tax shifts
but slavery required force, and the records of the legislative acts in the antebellum list ever-more paranoid and oppressive laws in alabama. where slave taxes generated revenue for the government, taxes on free blacks -- aimed at punishment. in 1862, a free black man paid $5 in taxes, compared to 75 cents for a white man.
“that’s harassment,” einhorn said. “at least in theory, you would sell your assets, or you could lose your farm for failure to pay taxes.”
in 1839, the legislature approved a law that allowed any person to seize any free black person who had entered the state since 1832 and make them a slave. the same year, the legislature approved a measure that required the imprisonment of free blacks serving on ships that came to alabama until the ship left the harbor. in 1843, the legislative approved 1 and 2 percent taxes on slaves (based on age) to create a fund to compensate slaveholders if the state executed their slaves for capital crimes.
by 1860, the legislature forbade the emancipation of any slave and removing any slave from the state.
the slave tax, meanwhile, remained a pillar of state finances. the tax accounted for 46 percent of all state revenue in alabama in 1849 (in georgia, the tax was more than 49 percent of all revenues that year.) but the tax system itself was shifting, as wealthy slaveholders became more involved in the legislature.
helped in part by a rare whig victory in 1849 — the party took control of the alabama senate — the legislature had by 1850 changed the state’s property tax structure. land was usually taxed in four different “quality” categories, which set a dollar rate for each acre of land assessed. by 1850, the legislature approved an ad valorem rate of taxes, which taxed all land at a fixed rate of 20 cents per $100 of value. the system aimed to reflect land values, but also pulled smaller farmers into the tax structure.
except for a provision for highly-skilled or disabled individuals, the legislature did not extend the ad valorem system to slaves.
“the whigs fight it,” thornton said. “and their resistance has some effect. when the ad valorem tax was adopted, it was only adopted for land.”
instead, the legislature adopted a new range of age classifications for slave taxes, broadly based on the value the slave could create. accordingly, taxes on slaves between 15 and 30 were highest; those on children and the elderly were the lowest.
the new system drew in far more taxpayers than the old one. by 1860, real estate taxes replaced the slave tax as the largest source of revenue, though the slave tax remained a major source of revenue for the state. in 1862, amid the civil war, the legislature doubled the taxes on slaves, to pay for the war effort.
the reckoning
the slave tax went after the war, but the services it paid for did not. during reconstruction, republicans tried to make up the difference with property taxes — the only major source of revenue left — which embittered a population that had grown used to slaveholders paying most taxes.
“the history is complicated, but we can say with some certainty that that probably hurt small landowners more than big landowners, and fueled their resentment,” hamill said.
when democrats recovered control of the legislature in 1874, they called a constitutional convention. that convention created a document that began the slow disenfranchisement of black voters. but it also put caps on property taxes.
“an eminent statesman has said, ‘the power to tax is the power to destroy,’” said leroy pope walker, a confederate general who served as president of the convention. “governments should provide against possibilities, as possibilities often become facts.”
but the bourbon democrats who ruled alabama for decades — and imposed even more stringent property tax caps in the still-operative 1901 constitution — never considered the possibility of taxes that might try to replace the lost slave tax. for the most part, officials have avoided the issue. an income tax approved in 1933 enshrined tax rates in the constitution; the state income tax rates still reflect great depression-era values. in the 1970s, the george wallace administration advanced the “lid bills,” which further restricted the property taxes in the state.
those revenue shortfalls are one of the lasting legacies of slavery: a state government that struggles to pay its bills.
“racial policy is an obvious wound that festers,” thornton said. “tax policy is much less so, but it is one of the festering wounds of slavery.”
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ðə ˈstrəgəl fər laɪt ənd ɛr ɪn ˈlɑrʤəst ˈsɪti ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ə mæp əv ɔl əv ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊz prəˈdust baɪ ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈbɪldɪŋz ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv wən deɪ. ðɪs ˌɪnˈvərtɪd vju tɛlz ðə ˈstɔri əv ðə ˈskaɪˌlaɪn æt ðə graʊnd ˈlɛvəl. frəm ðə lɔŋ ˈwɛstwərd ˈwɪntər ˈʃæˌdoʊz kæst ɔn ðə ˈhədsən frəm wən wərld treɪd wən wərld treɪd ˈævərɪʤ ˈʃæˌdoʊ ɪn ˈwɪntər wən wərld treɪd ˈsɛnər *ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈdætə nɑt əˈveɪləbəl fər 3 wərld treɪd ˈsɛnər ənd 4 wərld treɪd ˈsɛnər wən wərld treɪd ˈævərɪʤ ˈʃæˌdoʊ ɪn ˈwɪntər wən wərld treɪd ˈsɛnər *ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈdætə nɑt əˈveɪləbəl fər 3 wərld treɪd ˈsɛnər ənd 4 wərld treɪd ˈsɛnər tɪ ðə ənˈjuˌʒuəli braɪt, strit ˈkɔrnərz əv ˈmɪdˌtaʊn mænˈhætən ɪn spərɪŋ ˈævəˌnu wɛst st*. ˈævəˌnu wɛst st*. ˈævəˌnu wɛst st*. ˈævəˌnu wɛst st*. tɪ ðə dɑrk veɪn əv wɛst st*. ˈɑˌveɪ. ˈbrɔdˌweɪ braɪənt pɑrk ˈɑˌveɪ. ˈɑˌveɪ. wɛst st*. ˈɑˌveɪ. ˈbrɔdˌweɪ braɪənt pɑrk ˈɑˌveɪ. ˈɑˌveɪ. tɪ ðə ˈsəmərˌtaɪm ˈʃæˌdoʊz ðət fɔrm ˈkrɔsɪz ɪn ˈmædɪsən skwɛr pɑrk ist st*. ist st*. ˈmædɪsən skwɛr pɑrk ˈævəˌnu ˈbrɔdˌweɪ ist st*. ist st*. ist st*. ˈmædɪsən skwɛr pɑrk ˈævəˌnu ˈbrɔdˌweɪ ist st*. tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌlɑkɪŋ ˈpætərnz kæst baɪ ˈstaɪvəsənt taʊərz ɪn ðə pɑrk dɪˈzaɪn. ˈævəˌnu ˈstaɪvəsənt taʊn ist st*. ˈævəˌnu ˈstaɪvəsənt taʊn ist st*. ˈsənˌlaɪt ənd ˈʃæˌdoʊ ʃeɪp ðə ˈkɛrɪktər ənd ˈrɪðəm əv nu ˈpəblɪk ˈspeɪsɪz. ðeɪ hæv ðə paʊər tɪ kənˈtroʊl ðə floʊ əv fʊt ˈtræfɪk ɔn ɑr ˈsɪti strits ənd ˌdɪˈsaɪd wɪʧ ˈplɑzəz həm wɪθ ækˈtɪvɪti ənd ˈkɑmərs ənd wɪʧ steɪ ˈbɛrən ənd ˈdɛzələt. ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli moʊst ˈnoʊtɪsəbli, ðeɪ hæv ðə paʊər tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə rɛnt. ɪn moʊst pɑrts əv əˈmɛrɪkə, ˈsənˌlaɪt ɪz nɑt dəˈbeɪtɪd ðə weɪ ɪt ɪz ɪn nu jɔrk, wɛr ðə θərst fər ˈlɪvɪŋ speɪs, ˈwərkɪŋ speɪs ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ həz tərnd ðə sən ˈɪntu ə ˈvərʧuəl kəˈmɑdəti. soʊ təˈdeɪ, ɔn ðə ˈwɪntər ˈsɔlstɪs, wɪn ðə deɪ ɪz ˈʃɔrtɪst ənd ˈnunˌtaɪm ˈʃæˌdoʊz ər ˈlɔŋgɪst, wi juzd ðə bɛst tɛkˈnɑləʤi əˈveɪləbəl tɪ mæp ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈʃæˌdoʊz əv nu jɔrk. ˈsɛnsɪtɪv tɪ ðə ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃənz ə vju əv ˈmædɪsən skwɛr pɑrk. ʧæŋ ˈdəbəlju. nu jɔrk taɪmz tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ ˈʃæˌdoʊz ˈɔpərˌeɪt ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti, ɪt hɛlps tɪ bɪˈkəm mɔr ˈkɑnʃəs əv haʊ ðə ˈsɪti grɪd ɪz ˈɔriˌɛntɪd ˈrɛlətɪv tɪ ðə ˈkəmpəs pɔɪnts. ɪt ɪz sɛd ðət ðə sən ˈraɪzɪz ɪn ðə ist ənd sɛts ɪn ðə wɛst. bət æt nu ˈlætəˌtud, nɑt kwaɪt ðə keɪs. ɔn ðə ˈsəmər ˈsɔlstɪs, ðə sən ˈraɪzɪz ɪn ðə ˌnɔrˈθist ənd sɛts ɪn ðə ˌnɔrθˈwɛst, waɪl ɔn ðə ˈwɪntər ˈsɔlstɪs, ðə ˈæŋgəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ənd ðə sən ˈraɪzɪz ɪn ðə ˌsaʊˈθist ənd sɛts ɪn ðə ˌsaʊθˈwɛst. ðə ˈoʊnli taɪmz ðət ðə sən ˈraɪzɪz ənd sɛts ˈstrɪktli ɪn ðə ist ənd wɛst ər ɔn ðə equinoxes*, wɪn naɪt ənd deɪ ʃɛr ˈrəfli ðə seɪm ˈnəmbər əv ˈmɪnəts. ðɪs minz ðət ˈʃæˌdoʊz kæst ɪn ðə ˈwɪntər wɪl bi æt ˈwaɪldli ˈdɪfərənt ˈæŋgəlz ənd lɛŋθs ðən ðoʊz ɪn ðə ˈsəmər. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ minz ðət ɔn ðə fərst deɪ əv ˈsəmər, ðə sən ˈæˌkʧuəli sɛts əˈbaʊt 60 dɪˈgriz tɪ ðə wɛst əv nɔrθ, wɪʧ lidz tɪ lɔŋ, kərvd ˈʃæˌdoʊz frəm ðə ˈaɪlənd ˈɔntu ðə ist ˈrɪvər. ɪn ðə fɔl, ðə ˈæŋgəl əv ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊz ɔn ðə ist ˈrɪvər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɛz ðə sən reɪnʤ ˈnɛroʊz. əv ðə ˈbjutiz əv mænˈhætən, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn spərɪŋ ər fɔl, ɪz ðət ðə grɪd ɪz əˈbaʊt 30 dɪˈgriz ɔf tru north,”*,” sɛd ˈmaɪkəl, ən ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt ənd ə ˈʃæˌdoʊ kənˈsəltənt beɪst ɪn nu jɔrk. minz ðə ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃənz tɛnd tɪ bi ˈvɛri braɪt bɪˈkəz ðə sən ɪz goʊɪŋ daɪˈægənəli əˈkrɔs ðɛm æt lunchtime.”*.” ənd ðiz ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃənz, hi sɛd, tɪ bi ˈbraɪtər ðən ðə strits ɪn bɪtˈwin, soʊ ɪt kriˈeɪts ðɪs ˈrɪli ˈfæbjələs ˈrɪðəm ɪn ˈmɪdˌtaʊn əv light-dark*, light-dark.”*.” dɑrk blɑks ə vju frəm 3 ˈsidər strit, wən əv ðə strits ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti. ʧæŋ ˈdəbəlju. nu jɔrk taɪmz ɔn ðə ˈwɪntər ˈsɔlstɪs, ðə sən wɪl ʃaɪn ɪts reɪz ɔn nu jɔrk fər ʤɪst ə ˈlɪtəl ˈoʊvər naɪn aʊərz. bət ˈivɪn fər ðoʊz ˈprɛʃəs aʊərz, juʤ əv strits wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ðə dɑrk. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ən əˈnɑməli ðət əˈkərz ɔn ðə ˈʃɔrtɪst deɪ əv ðə jɪr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ nu ˈrisərʧ baɪ ˈklɔdiˌoʊ ˈsɪlvə ənd, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz æt nu jɔrk ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ðeɪ faʊnd ðət, ɔn ˈævərɪʤ, moʊst ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ɪn mænˈhætən ər ˈkəvərd ɪn ˈʃæˌdoʊ fər æt list hæf əv ˈdeɪˌlaɪt aʊərz. wən əv ðə strɪps ɪn ðə ˈsɪti ɪz ɪn ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈdɪstrɪkt, æt ˈsidər strit bɪtˈwin ˈwɪljəmz ənd pərl. ɪt rɪˈsivz noʊ dɪˈrɛkt ˈsənˌlaɪt ɔn ðə ˈwɪntər ˈsɔlstɪs, ðə ˈsəmər ˈsɔlstɪs ər ðə ɔˈtəmnəl ˈikwəˌnɑks. dɪˈvɛləpərz hir bɪlt ðə fərst ˈskaɪˌskreɪpərz ɔn plɑts ərˈɪʤənəli ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd fər dəʧ ˈvɪlɪʤərz. ðə rɪˈzəlt ɪz ə meɪz əv dɑrk ˈnɛroʊ ˈkɔrɪdərz fɔrmd baɪ tɔl strit wɔlz ðət blɑk aʊt məʧ əv ðə skaɪ. ˈwɪljəm st*. ʤɑn st*. ˈsidər st*. ˈmeɪdən leɪn. paɪn st*. wɔl st*. ˈwɔtər st*. frənt st*. pərl st*. ˈbivər st*. ˈwɪljəm st*. ˈsidər st*. wɔl st*. ˈwɔtər st*. frənt st*. wət meɪks ˈsidər strit ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈʃeɪdɪd ɪz ðət ɪt ɪz ˈnitli wɔld ɔf ɪn ðə ʃeɪp əv ə ti, wɪθ tɔl ˈbɪldɪŋz ˈblɑkɪŋ ˈsənˌlaɪt ɔn ðə ist, wɛst ənd saʊθ. ˈbɔrdərɪŋ ðə saʊθ saɪd əv ˈsidər strit ɪz ðə oʊld a.i.g*. ˈbɪldɪŋ, naʊ noʊn ɛz 70 paɪn. ˈmɑrtɪn wɛst wərks æt ðə frənt dɛsk əv ðə hoʊˈtɛl, wɪʧ ˈɑkjəˌpaɪz flɔrz 3 θru 6 əv ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ. ə ˈfɔrmər ˈrɛzɪdənt əv ˈsəni ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə, ənd ðə dɪˈgri əv ˈdɑrknəs ɪn ðə ˈɛriə keɪm ɛz ə juʤ ʃɑk tɪ ɪm: stɑrt æt 3 p.m*. ɪt ɔˈrɛdi filz laɪk ðə naɪt shift.”*.” wʊd bi ˈwərkɪŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ənd ʤɪst ɛz ðə sən keɪm aʊt, hɑp ˈaʊtˈsaɪd tɪ gɪt ðət wən bɪt əv sunlight,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈivɪn taɪmd ɪt wəns, ənd ɪt gɪt mɔr ðən 30 tɪ 40 ˈmɪnəts əv ˈsənˌlaɪt ə day.”*.” ˈmɪdˌtaʊn mænˈhætən ɪn ðə ˈwɪntər. ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈdɪstrɪkt ɪz nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli dɑrk pleɪs ɪn ðə ˈsɪti. ˈdəzənz əv strits nɔrθ əv strit ɪn ˈmɪdˌtaʊn ər ˈɔlsoʊ kæst ɪn ˈʃæˌdoʊ, wɪθ səm strit ˈkɔrnərz rɪˈsivɪŋ ˈoʊnli ə fju aʊərz əv dɪˈrɛkt ˈsənˌlaɪt ˈivɪn ɔn ðə ˈsəmər ˈsɔlstɪs. ˈbrɔdˌweɪ ɪz ˈnoʊtəbli dɑrk, ˈoʊvərˌteɪkən baɪ leɪt ˌæftərˈnun ˈʃæˌdoʊz ənd ðə kæˈskeɪd əv ˈoʊvərˌlæpɪŋ ˈʃæˌdoʊz ɛz ɪt kəts daɪˈægənəli θru ˈmɪdˌtaʊn. ˈjæŋki ˈsteɪdiəm ɪn ðə ˈwɪntər. ˈəðər pɑrts əv ðə ˈsɪti ɪkˈspɪriəns ə juʤ dɪˈskrɛpənsi əv laɪt bɪtˈwin ˈsəmər ənd ˈwɪntər. wən əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst rɪˈvərsəlz ɪz faʊnd ɪn bedford–stuyvesant*, ɪn ˈbrʊklɪn, wɛr ˈbəlki, ɔn ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈnɛroʊ strits kæst ˈʃæˌdoʊz ðət læst ɔl deɪ wɪn ðə ˈwɪntər sən ɪz loʊ. ðə seɪm ˈɛriə ɪz beɪðd ɪn ˈsənˌlaɪt ɪn ðə ˈsəmər, wɪn ðə sən ɪz haɪər ɪn ðə skaɪ. ðə seɪm ɪz tru əv ðə ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ˈsteɪdiəmz, wɛr ɪn ðə ˈwɪntər, hoʊm pleɪt æt boʊθ ˈsɪti fild ənd ˈjæŋki ˈsteɪdiəm ər ˈkəvərd ɪn ˈʃæˌdoʊ moʊst əv ðə deɪ. bət ˈfɔrʧənətli (ənd moʊst ˈlaɪkli baɪ dɪˈzaɪn), ðeɪ rɪˈsiv ə lɔt əv laɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ˈsizən. ˈstætən ˈaɪlənd ɪn ðə ˈwɪntər. fər ə ˈbeɪsˌlaɪn kəmˈpɛrəsən, ʤɪst lʊk æt ˈstætən ˈaɪlənd, wɪθ ɪts hoʊmz ənd ˈtaɪdi lɔnz. ˈʃæˌdoʊz rul ðə strits hir fər lɛs ðən ə θərd əv ðə deɪ. rulz rɪˈvil wət wi kɛr əˈbaʊt 70 paɪn strit, nu jɔrk ˈsɪti, ˈsərkə 1940 ɑnˈdreɪəs ˈɪmɪʤɪz laɪt ənd ɛr hæv bɪn pɑrt əv nu ˈsɪti ˈplænɪŋ frəm ðə ˈvɛri fərst deɪz əv ˈzoʊnɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈərli ˈsɛnʧəri. nu dɪˈvɛləpmənts ɪn stil ənd kənˈstrəkʃən əˈlaʊd dɪˈvɛləpərz tɪ bɪld ðə fərst tru ˈskaɪˌskreɪpərz. əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðoʊz ˈbɪldɪŋz keɪm ˈoʊvər ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊz ðət ðiz ˈstrəkʧərz wʊd kæst ˈɔntu ðə strits. pərˈhæps ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪz ðə ˈbəlki ˈɛkwɪtəbəl ˈbɪldɪŋ, kənˈstrəktɪd ɪn 1915 ɪt ˈboʊstɪd ən əˈstaʊndɪŋ ˈmɪljən skwɛr fit əv flɔr speɪs ənd roʊz mɔr ðən 500 fit, ˈkæstɪŋ ə ˈʃæˌdoʊ. bæk ðɛn, boʊθ ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ˈsɪti ˈplænərz sɔ hɛlθ ˈbɛnəfɪts ɪn ˈsənˌlaɪt. ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ əˈfɪʃəlz θɔt ˈsənˌlaɪt wɑz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tul fər ˈfaɪtɪŋ dɪˈzizɪz laɪk dɪfˈθɪriɑ ənd təˌbərkjəˈloʊsɪs. (ˈsənˌlaɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli ɪz ə ˈdisənt dɪsɪnˈfɛktənt, bət ˈoʊnli fər ˈwɔtərˌbɔrn ˈpæθəʤənz). ðə fərst əˈtɛmpt æt laɪt ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən wɑz θru ə ˈsɛtˌbæk rul. ɛz səkˈsɛsɪv ˈbɪldɪŋz gru ˈtɔlər, ðeɪ wʊd hæv tɪ bi kənˈtɪnjuəli sɛt bæk ə ˈkəpəl əv fit frəm ðə strit (laɪk ðə ˈɛmpaɪər steɪt ˈbɪldɪŋ), prəˈdusɪŋ ðə ˈklæsɪk staɪl əv ˈskaɪˌskreɪpər. ˈdɛkeɪdz ˈleɪtər, ɪn ðə 1960s*, ðə ˈsɪti ˈoʊvərˌhɔld ðɪs rul ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ə ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ ˈmɑdəl, wɪʧ ˈtɛndɪd tɪ ˈproʊdus tɔl, ˈnɛroʊ ˈstrəkʧərz wɪθ ˈoʊpən ˈplɑzəz æt ðə beɪs (laɪk ðə ˈsigrəm ˈbɪldɪŋ). ˈʤɛnərəl, ˈzoʊnɪŋ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ʃoʊ wət ðə ˈsɪti values,”*,” sɛd luk ˈwɪlsən, ən ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt æt kɑn ˈpɛdərsən fɑks. ˈʃæŋˈhaɪ, ðeɪ kɛr əˈbaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ laɪt tɪ ðə ˈbɪldɪŋz. ɪn nu jɔrk, ðeɪ kɛr əˈbaʊt prəˈtɛktɪŋ laɪt ənd ɛr ɪn ðə strits ənd parks.”*.” ˈɪŋglənd həz ə lɔ əv ˈeɪnʧənt laɪts, ə ˈdɔktərɪn ðət ˌgɛrənˈtiz ə ˈhoʊˌmoʊnər ðə raɪt tɪ laɪt ɪf hi ər ʃi həz hæd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ɪt fər 20 jɪrz. ə ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈwɪndoʊ həz hæd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ skaɪ fər ə ˈnəmbər əv years,”*,” ˈmɪstər. ˈwɪlsən sɛd, ˈsəmˌwən ɪz duɪŋ ə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ðət blɑks ðə skaɪ, ðeɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli hæv tɪ peɪ fər ðə raɪt tɪ blɑk ðət skaɪ. ðɛr ɪz noʊ reɪt; ðə dɪˈvɛləpər ʤɪst həz tɪ negotiate.”*.” waɪl ðɪs meɪ saʊnd ɪkˈstrim ɔn ðɪs saɪd əv ðə əˈtlæntɪk, ˈrisərʧ ɔn ðə ˈeɪnʧənt laɪt lɔ səˈʤɛsts ðət ðɪs wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli pɑrt əv əˈmɛrɪkən lɔ ənˈtɪl 1838 wɪn ɪt wɑz ˌoʊvərˈruld baɪ ən əˈmɛrɪkən dɪˈzaɪər fər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ ənd ə ˈdɛfərəns tɪ ˈpraɪvət ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp. ɑr pɑrks ˈsɛntrəl pɑrk ɪn ðə ˈwɪntər. ɪn 1987 ˈhənərdz əv ˈpipəl laɪnd əp frəm kəˈləmbəs ˈsərkəl ɔl ðə weɪ tɪ fɪθ ˈævəˌnu nɪr strit ənd ˈoʊpənd əmˈbrɛləz ɪn ˈsikwəns ˈstɑrtɪŋ æt p.m*. tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst ðə lɔŋ ˈʃæˌdoʊ ðət ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl dɪˈzaɪn əv taɪm ˈwɔrnər ˈsɛnər wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ kæst. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, wɪθ ə pʊʃ frəm ˈʤækəlɪn ˈkɛnədi oʊˈnɑsɪs, ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz wər muvd tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə dɪˈzaɪn. ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, ðə ˈɛriəz əraʊnd ˈsɛntrəl pɑrk hæv rɪˈvild ðə ˈtɛnʃən ðət pərˈsɪsts bɪtˈwin prɪˈzərvɪŋ ˈpəblɪk speɪs ənd ˈpraɪvət dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti. məʧ əv ðə ˈænɪməs ɪz dɪˈrɛktɪd təˈwɔrd ðə tɔl ˈbɪldɪŋz ˈraɪzɪŋ ʤɪst saʊθ əv ˈsɛntrəl pɑrk. dɪˈvɛləpərz ər əˈlaʊd tɪ bɪld ˈbɪldɪŋz ““as-of-right,”*,” wɪʧ ɛˈsɛnʃəli minz ðət ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈbɪldɪŋ fɪts wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈzoʊnɪŋ koʊd, ðə dɪˈvɛləpər kən goʊ əˈhɛd ənd bɪld wɪˈθaʊt ˈpəblɪk ˌrivˈju. soʊ wɪn nu ˈbɪldɪŋz ɔn strit wər biɪŋ bɪlt, səm nu ˈjɔrkərz wər ˈwərid ðət ðeɪ wʊd blɑk aʊt ðə sən ɪn pɑrts əv ðə pɑrk. ðiz ˈwəriz ənˈwɔrəntɪd. ðə sˈlɛndər (huz ˈʃæˌdoʊz ər ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ˌɪnərˈæktɪv mæp), laɪk 220 ˈsɛntrəl pɑrk saʊθ, ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd ðə ˈsɛntrəl pɑrk taʊər, du ˌɪnˈdid kæst ˈvɛri lɔŋ ˈʃæˌdoʊz ðət riʧ fɑr ˈɪntu ə θərd əv ðə pɑrk. bət bɪˈkəz ðə ˈbɪldɪŋz ər soʊ θɪn, ðiz ˈʃæˌdoʊz wɪl pæs θru ðə pɑrk æt ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli fæst peɪs, laɪk ə ˈmɪnət hænd ɔn ə klɑk. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz əv ˈmɪstər., ðə ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt, ə tɔl ˈskɪni taʊər ðət ɪz ˈrəfli fit fɔl wɪl kæst ə ˈʃæˌdoʊ ðət muvz æt ə reɪt əv fit pər ˈmɪnət æt ɪts moʊst ɪkˈstrim ɛnd. ðɪs minz ðət ðə ˈlæstɪŋ ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈkəvərɪʤ wɪl bi ˈrɛlətɪvli feɪnt. ɔn ðə ˈwɪntər ˈsɔlstɪs, ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst ɛʤ əv ðə ˈpæsɪŋ ˈʃæˌdoʊz kæst frəm ðiz ˈbɪldɪŋz ɪz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd tɪ læst wən aʊər. tɪ ˈmɪstər., ðə ril ˈkəlprɪts əv ˈwɪntər ˈdɑrknəs ɪn ˈsɛntrəl pɑrk ər ðə ˈʃɔrtər bət mɔr ˈrigəl ˈbɪldɪŋz ɔn ˈsɛntrəl pɑrk saʊθ, laɪk ðə ˈplɑzə, ritz-carlton*, ˈsɛntrəl pɑrk ənd ðə ˈhæmʃər haʊs. dɪˈspaɪt ˈreɪnʤɪŋ ˈoʊnli 200 tɪ 500 fit, ðiz ˈbɪldɪŋz kən kæst ˈʃæˌdoʊz ˈɔntu ˈsɛntrəl pɑrk ðət ər ˈsɛvərəl blɑks lɔŋ ənd ðət læst ðə ɪnˈtaɪər deɪ. lʊk æt ˈʃæˌdoʊz ɛz biɪŋ ˈstætɪk ənd nɑt dynamic,”*,” ˈmɪstər. sɛd. ðeɪ ʧeɪnʤ ɔl ðə taɪm. ˈrɪli əˈbaʊt ðə ˈdʊˈreɪʃən əv ðə shadow.”*.” ˈsənˌʃaɪn ˈæktɪvɪsts, laɪk ˈleɪlɑ law-gisiko*, ðə ˈʧɛrˌwʊmən əv ðə ˈsɛntrəl pɑrk ˈsənˌʃaɪn tæsk fɔrs, hæv noʊ əˈbʤɛkʃənz tɪ ɪn ˈprɪnsəpəl. bət ʃi ˈwəriz əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪmˈpækt ðət ðiz wɪl hæv ɛz ə hoʊl. wi hæv ə greɪv ˈɪʃu wɪθ ɪz ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈvɪʒən fər street,”*,” ʃi sɛd. həz bɪn noʊ ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˈpəblɪk ˌrivˈju ər input.”*.” bət ˈpəblɪk ˌrivˈju ɪz nɑt fri; kənˈsɛnsəs teɪks taɪm. ðə ˈsɪstəm hɛlps nu jɔrk ˈsɪti bɪld fæst. ðə ˈtreɪˌdɔf ɪz ðət nu jɔrk siz ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz dɪˈvɛləp wɪθ wət tɑm ˈdɛvəni, ˈsinjər ˈplænər æt ðə mjuˈnɪsəpəl ɑrt soʊˈsaɪɪti, dɪˈskraɪbz ɛz ˈsimɪŋ læk əv intentionality.”*.” ðɪs æmˈbɪvələns ɪz əˈpɛrənt ɪn ðɪs ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn laɪt frəm ðə ˈplænɪŋ dɪˈpɑrtmənt: laɪt ɪz wən əˈməŋ ˈmɛni praɪˈɔrətiz ɛz wi plæn fər ə ˈvaɪbrənt, dɪˈvərs ənd groʊɪŋ ˈsɪti ðət ˈæˈdrɛsɪz ðə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk nidz əv ɪts residents.”*.” bət ˈmɪstər. ˈdəzənt θɪŋk ðə səˈluʃən nidz tɪ bi soʊ ˈbaɪnəˌri. ˈsənˌlaɪt kən bi seɪvd ɪf dɪˈvɛləpərz ənd ˈplænərz groʊ mɔr ˈsɛnsɪtɪv tɪ haʊ ˈbɪldɪŋz ər ˈɔriˌɛntɪd. ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈɛnəmi əv pɑrks, ənd əˈspɛʃəli smɔl pɑrks nɪr nu dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ˈbrʊklɪn, sɪz ˈmɪstər., ɪz ˈbəlki ˈbɪldɪŋz tɪ ðə saʊθ ɛnd əv pɑrks. hi sɪz ðət məʧ əv ðə lɔs əv ˈsənˌlaɪt ɪn ɑr ˈpəblɪk pɑrks kʊd bi əˈvɔɪdɪd ɪf ɑr tɔl, ˈbəlki ˈbɪldɪŋz wər ˈsɪmpli pəˈzɪʃənd tɪ ðə nɔrθ, wɛst ər ist saɪd. animals,”*,” ˈmɪstər. sɛd. lɪv ɪn ðə sun.”*.” haʊ dɪd wi ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊz? ˈsənˌlaɪt ənd dɑrk ˈʃæˌdoʊz æt ðə ˈkɔrnər əv sɪksθ ˈævəˌnu ənd wɛst. ʧæŋ ˈdəbəlju. nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪŋ ðə lɛŋθ ənd ʃeɪp əv ə ˈʃæˌdoʊ kæst frəm ə ˈsɪmpəl ˈɑbʤɛkt kən bi ˈizəli dən wɪθ pɛn, ˈpeɪpər ənd səm ˈbeɪsɪk mæθ. bət ˈɑrkəˌtɛkts juz ə mɔr səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˈmɛθəd noʊn ɛz reɪ ˈtreɪsɪŋ; ɪt ˈsɪmjəˌleɪts ðə ˈifɛkts ə reɪ əv laɪt kən hæv ɔn ə ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd ɪts sərˈaʊndɪŋz. moʊst æˈnælɪˌsiz əv ˈʃæˌdoʊz ˈstədi ʤɪst ə fju ˈbɪldɪŋz æt ə taɪm. wət meɪd ɪt ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈprɑbləm fər ðə ˈrisərʧərz æt ðə ˈtændən skul əv ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ æt nu jɔrk ˌjunəˈvərsəti wɑz haʊ tɪ du ɪt æt ə skeɪl soʊ ju kʊd kˈwɪkli ˈstədi hoʊl ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz. ˈmɪstər. ˈsɪlvə ənd ˈmɪstər., tu ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ðɛr, wərkt aʊt ə ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˌkɑmpjəˈteɪʃən ðət ɪz 10 tɪ 15 taɪmz ˈfæstər ðən ˈoʊldər ˈmɛθədz. haʊ ˈʃæˌdoʊz ər ˈkaʊntɪd. ˈklɔdiˌoʊ ˈsɪlvə ənd tɪ ˈmɛʒər ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈkəvərɪʤ, ðeɪ juzd ə ˈmɛtrɪk noʊn ɛz ˈʃæˌdoʊ əˌkjumjəˈleɪʃən, wɪʧ ɪz ˈsɪmpli ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər əv ˈmɪnəts ðət ə ˈgɪvɪn pɔɪnt spɛnz ɪn ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv ə deɪ. pɔɪnt ə ɪz ˈdɑrkər ðən pɔɪnt bi bɪˈkəz ɪt həz bɪn ɪn ˈʃæˌdoʊ fər wən mɔr ˈmɪnət. bət pɔɪnt si wɪl əˈkjumjəˌleɪt ðə seɪm əˈmaʊnt əv ˈʃæˌdoʊ ɛz pɔɪnt bi, bɪˈkəz ɪt rɪˈsivz wən ˈmɪnət əv ˈʃæˌdoʊ frəm boʊθ ˈbɪldɪŋ 1 ənd ˈbɪldɪŋ 2
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the struggle for light and air in america’s largest city
you’re looking at a map of all of the shadows produced by thousands of buildings in new york city over the course of one day. this inverted view tells the story of the city’s skyline at the ground level.
from the long westward winter shadows cast on the hudson from one world trade ...
one world trade center’s average shadow in winter one world trade center *shadow data not available for 3 world trade center and 4 world trade center one world trade center’s average shadow in winter one world trade center *shadow data not available for 3 world trade center and 4 world trade center
… to the unusually bright, sun-dappled street corners of midtown manhattan in spring ...
10th avenue west 46th st. 9th avenue west 43rd st. 10th avenue west 46th st. 9th avenue west 43nd st.
… to the dark vein of broadway’s ridgeline ...
west 42nd st. 8th ave. broadway bryant park 6th ave. 7th ave. west 42nd st. 8th ave. broadway bryant park 7th ave. 5th ave.
… to the summertime shadows that form crosses in madison square park ...
east 27th st. east 26th st. madison square park 5th avenue broadway east 23rd st. east 27th st. east 26th st. madison square park 5th avenue broadway east 23rd st.
… to the interlocking patterns cast by stuyvesant town’s towers in the park design.
1st avenue stuyvesant town east 14th st. 1st avenue stuyvesant town east 14th st.
sunlight and shadow shape the character and rhythm of new york’s public spaces. they have the power to control the flow of foot traffic on our city streets and decide which plazas hum with activity and commerce and which stay barren and desolate. and probably most noticeably, they have the power to change the rent. in most parts of america, sunlight is not debated the way it is in new york, where the city’s thirst for living space, working space and economic growth has turned the sun into a virtual commodity.
so today, on the winter solstice, when the day is shortest and noontime shadows are longest, we used the best technology available to map the building shadows of new york.
sensitive to the orientations
a time-lapse view of madison square park. chang w. lee/the new york times
to understand how shadows operate in new york city, it helps to become more conscious of how the city grid is oriented relative to the compass points.
it is said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. but at new york’s latitude, that’s not quite the case. on the summer solstice, the sun rises in the northeast and sets in the northwest, while on the winter solstice, the angle changes and the sun rises in the southeast and sets in the southwest. the only times that the sun rises and sets strictly in the east and west are on the equinoxes, when night and day share roughly the same number of minutes.
this means that shadows cast in the winter will be at wildly different angles and lengths than those in the summer. it also means that on the first day of summer, the sun actually sets about 60 degrees to the west of north, which leads to long, curved shadows from the island onto the east river. in the fall, the angle of the shadows on the east river changes as the sun range narrows.
“one of the beauties of manhattan, particularly in spring or fall, is that the grid is about 30 degrees off true north,” said michael kwartler, an architect and a shadow consultant based in new york. “that means the intersections tend to be very bright because the sun is going diagonally across them at lunchtime.”
and these intersections, he said, “tend to be brighter than the streets in between, so it creates this really fabulous rhythm in midtown of light-dark, light-dark.”
dark blocks
a view from 3 cedar street, one of the shadiest streets in new york city. chang w. lee/the new york times
on the winter solstice, the sun will shine its rays on new york for just a little over nine hours. but even for those precious hours, huge swaths of manhattan’s streets will remain in the dark.
this is not an anomaly that occurs on the shortest day of the year, according to new research by claudio silva and harish doraiswamy, engineers at new york university. they found that, on average, most neighborhoods in manhattan are covered in shadow for at least half of daylight hours.
one of the shadiest strips in the city is in the financial district, at cedar street between williams and pearl. it receives no direct sunlight on the winter solstice, the summer solstice or the autumnal equinox. developers here built the city’s first skyscrapers on plots originally intended for dutch villagers. the result is a maze of dark narrow corridors formed by tall street walls that block out much of the sky.
william st. john st. cedar st. maiden ln. pine st. wall st. water st. front st. pearl st. beaver st. william st. cedar st. wall st. water st. front st.
what makes cedar street particularly shaded is that it is neatly walled off in the shape of a t, with tall buildings blocking sunlight on the east, west and south.
bordering the south side of cedar street is the old a.i.g. building, now known as 70 pine. martin west works at the front desk of the q&a hotel, which occupies floors 3 through 6 of the building. he’s a former resident of sunny arizona, and the degree of darkness in the area came as a huge shock to him: “you start at 3 p.m. it already feels like the night shift.”
“we would be working inside and just as the sun came out, we’d hop outside to get that one bit of sunlight,” he said. “we even timed it once, and it doesn’t get more than 30 to 40 minutes of sunlight a day.”
midtown manhattan in the winter.
the financial district is not the only dark place in the city. dozens of streets north of 42nd street in midtown are also cast in shadow, with some street corners receiving only a few hours of direct sunlight even on the summer solstice. broadway is notably dark, overtaken by late afternoon shadows and the cascade of overlapping shadows as it cuts diagonally through midtown.
yankee stadium in the winter.
other parts of the city experience a huge discrepancy of light between summer and winter. one of the largest reversals is found in bedford–stuyvesant, in brooklyn, where bulky, south-facing brownstones on relatively narrow streets cast shadows that last all day when the winter sun is low. the same area is bathed in sunlight in the summer, when the sun is higher in the sky. the same is true of the city’s baseball stadiums, where in the winter, home plate at both citi field and yankee stadium are covered in shadow most of the day. but fortunately (and most likely by design), they receive a lot of light during baseball season.
staten island in the winter.
for a baseline comparison, just look at staten island, with its single-family homes and tidy lawns. shadows rule the north-south streets here for less than a third of the day.
rules reveal what we care about
70 pine street, new york city, circa 1940. andreas feininger/getty images
light and air have been part of new york’s city planning from the very first days of zoning in the early 20th century. new developments in steel and construction allowed developers to build the city’s first true skyscrapers. along with those buildings came hand-wringing over the shadows that these structures would cast onto the streets. perhaps the best-known example is the bulky equitable building, constructed in 1915. it boasted an astounding 1.2 million square feet of floor space and rose more than 500 feet, casting a seven-acre shadow.
back then, both public health officials and city planners saw health benefits in sunlight. public health officials thought sunlight was an important tool for fighting diseases like diphtheria and tuberculosis. (sunlight actually is a decent disinfectant, but only for waterborne pathogens).
the city’s first attempt at light preservation was through a setback rule. as successive buildings grew taller, they would have to be continually set back a couple of feet from the street (like the empire state building), producing the classic wedding-cake style of skyscraper. decades later, in the 1960s, the city overhauled this rule in favor of a floor-area ratio model, which tended to produce tall, narrow structures with open plazas at the base (like the seagram building).
“in general, zoning regulations show what the city values,” said luc wilson, an architect at kohn pedersen fox. “in shanghai, they care about getting light to the buildings. in new york, they care about protecting light and air in the streets and parks.” england has a law of ancient lights, a common-law doctrine that guarantees a homeowner the right to light if he or she has had access to it for 20 years.
“if a residential window has had access to sky for a number of years,” mr. wilson said, “and someone is doing a development that blocks the sky, they actually have to pay for the right to block that sky. there is no rate; the developer just has to negotiate.” while this may sound extreme on this side of the atlantic, research on the ancient light law suggests that this was actually part of american law until 1838, when it was overruled by an american desire for economic growth and a deference to private ownership.
our parks
central park in the winter.
in 1987, hundreds of people lined up from columbus circle all the way to fifth avenue near 68th street and opened umbrellas in sequence starting at 1:30 p.m. to protest the long shadow that the initial design of time warner center was supposed to cast. eventually, with a push from jacqueline kennedy onassis, the developers were moved to change the design.
in recent years, the areas around central park have revealed the tension that persists between preserving public space and private development in new york city.
much of the animus is directed toward the tall buildings rising just south of central park. developers are allowed to build buildings “as-of-right,” which essentially means that as long as the proposed building fits within the city’s zoning code, the developer can go ahead and build without public review. so when new buildings on 57th street were being built, some new yorkers were worried that they would block out the sun in parts of the park.
these worries aren’t unwarranted. the slender supertalls (whose shadows are included in the interactive map), like 220 central park south, the one57 building and the central park tower, do indeed cast very long shadows that reach far into a third of the park. but because the buildings are so thin, these shadows will pass through the park at an incredibly fast pace, like a minute hand on a clock. according to the calculations of mr. kwartler, the architect, a tall skinny tower that is roughly 1,000 feet fall will cast a shadow that moves at a rate of 3.5 feet per minute at its most extreme end.
this means that the lasting shadow coverage will be relatively faint. on the winter solstice, the longest edge of the passing shadows cast from these buildings is estimated to last one hour.
to mr. kwartler, the real culprits of winter darkness in central park are the shorter but more regal buildings on central park south, like the plaza, ritz-carlton, central park and the hampshire house. despite ranging only 200 to 500 feet, these buildings can cast shadows onto central park that are several blocks long and that last the entire day.
“people look at shadows as being static and not dynamic,” mr. kwartler said. “but they change all the time. it’s really about the duration of the shadow.”
sunshine activists, like layla law-gisiko, the chairwoman of the central park sunshine task force, have no objections to supertalls in principle. but she worries about the impact that these supertalls will have as a whole. “what we have a grave issue with is that there is no vision for 57th street,” she said. “there has been no opportunity for public review or input.”
but public review is not free; consensus takes time. the as-of-right system helps new york city build fast. the trade-off is that new york sees neighborhoods develop with what tom devaney, senior planner at the municipal art society, describes as “a seeming lack of intentionality.”
this ambivalence is apparent in this statement on light from the city’s planning department: “maximizing light is one among many priorities as we plan for a vibrant, diverse and growing city that addresses the housing and economic needs of its residents.”
but mr. kwartler doesn't think the solution needs to be so binary. sunlight can be saved if developers and planners grow more sensitive to how buildings are oriented. the biggest enemy of parks, and especially small parks near new development in brooklyn, says mr. kwartler, is bulky buildings to the south end of parks. he says that much of the loss of sunlight in our public parks could be avoided if our tall, bulky buildings were simply positioned to the north, west or east side.
“we're animals,” mr. kwartler said. “we live in the sun.”
how did we calculate the shadows?
sunlight and dark shadows at the corner of sixth avenue and west 42nd. chang w. lee/the new york times
calculating the length and shape of a shadow cast from a simple object can be easily done with pen, paper and some basic math. but architects use a more sophisticated method known as ray tracing; it simulates the effects a ray of light can have on a building and its surroundings. most analyses of shadows study just a few buildings at a time. what made it an interesting problem for the researchers at the tandon school of engineering at new york university was how to do it at a scale so you could quickly study whole neighborhoods.
mr. silva and mr. doraiswamy, two engineers there, worked out a shadow computation that is 10 to 15 times faster than older methods.
how shadows are counted. claudio silva and harish doraiswamy
to measure shadow coverage, they used a metric known as shadow accumulation, which is simply the total number of minutes that a given point spends in shadow over the course of a day. point a is darker than point b because it has been in shadow for one more minute. but point c will accumulate the same amount of shadow as point b, because it receives one minute of shadow from both building 1 and building 2.
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ʤɑn stoʊnz wɪl bi fɪt fər ˈɛvərtən nɛkst ˈwiˌkɪnd dɪˈspaɪt bɪˈkəmɪŋ ðə ˈsɛkənd pleɪər ɪn ə ˈfɔrtˌnaɪt tɪ fɔl faʊl əv taɪt pərˈɪmətərz. ðə ˈsɛntrəl dɪˈfɛndər, hu hæd tˈwɪstɪd ən ˈæŋkəl ɪn ðə warm-up*, ˈlændɪd ˈɔkwərdli wɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðə ˈɪnfəməs ˈkæroʊ roʊd ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈkæmərə pɪt. ˈnɔrwɪʧ ˌɪnˈstɔld ˈɛkstrə ˈpædɪŋ əraʊnd ðə pɪt ˈæftər əˈlɛksɪs ˈsænʧɛz ˈtəmbəld ˈɪntu wən læst mənθ. ˈɛvərtən dɪˈfɛndər ʤɑn stoʊnz rɪˈsivz ˈtritmənt frəm ˈmɛdɪkəl stæf ˈæftər ˈlændɪŋ ˈɔkwərdli ðə ˈɪŋglənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl wɑz hərt ˈæftər əˈtɛmptɪŋ əˈvɔɪd ə kəˈlɪʒən wɪθ ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈkæmərə æt ˈkæroʊ roʊd stoʊnz hoʊldz hɪz ni ɪn peɪn ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə fɔl bət hi wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈkɛri ɔn pleɪɪŋ ə pleɪər ɪz laɪɪŋ ɔn ðə graʊnd ˈæftər ə kəˈlɪʒən ɪn ðət rɪˈspɛkt ɪt ˈwəriz you,’*,’ rəˈbɛrtoʊ mɑrˈtinɛz sɛd. ər ˈæθˌlits ənd ðə peɪs əv ðə geɪm ɪz soʊ fˈjʊriəs. ðeɪ nid tɪ hæv speɪs tɪ fɔl ˈɔntu ðə graʊnd. aɪ wɑz kənˈsərnd. əˈlɛksɪs ˈsænʧɛz fɛl faʊl tɪ ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈkæmərə ənd ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ bɔrdz æt ˈkæroʊ roʊd ˈæftər biɪŋ ʃəvd ðə ˈlɪgəmənt ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt ˈdæmɪʤd bət ɪt ʃʊd bi θri ər fɔr deɪz ənd bæk fər nɛkst week.’*.’ ðə lɛft ˈnɔrfək ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd ˈæftər ˈhævɪŋ ˈnumərəs ˈʧænsɪz tɪ si əv ˈnɔrwɪʧ ɪn ðə fərst hæf æt ˈkæroʊ roʊd. ˈoʊpənd ðə ˈskɔrɪŋ bət ˈɛvərtən wər pɛgd bæk baɪ wɛs hoolahan*, ɛz boʊθ saɪdz keɪm əˈweɪ wɪθ ə pɔɪnt.
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john stones will be fit for everton next weekend despite becoming the second player in a fortnight to fall foul of norwich’s tight perimeters.
the central defender, who had twisted an ankle in the warm-up, landed awkwardly when trying to avoid the infamous carrow road television camera pit.
norwich installed extra padding around the pit after arsenal's alexis sanchez tumbled into one last month.
everton defender john stones receives treatment from medical staff after landing awkwardly
the england international was hurt after attempting avoid a collision with the tv camera at carrow road
stones holds his knee in pain following the fall but he was able to carry on playing
‘when a player is lying on the ground after a collision in that respect it worries you,’ roberto martinez said.
‘footballers are athletes and the pace of the game is so furious. they need to have space to fall onto the ground. i was concerned.
alexis sanchez fell foul to the tv camera and advertising boards at carrow road after being shoved
‘structurally the ligament is a little bit damaged but it should be three or four days and back for next week.’
the toffees left norfolk disappointed after having numerous chances to see of norwich in the first half at carrow road.
romelu lukaku opened the scoring but everton were pegged back by wes hoolahan, as both sides came away with a point.
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mikkel* dɪˈskəvərd kræft bɪr waɪl ˈstədiɪŋ æt ˈkænzəs steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti, wɪʧ hi əˈtɛndəd ɔn ə ˈrənɪŋ ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp ənd wɛr hi tʊk ˈkɛmɪstri ənd ˈfɪzɪks ˈkɔrsɪz. hɪz fərst teɪst wɑz ə ˈbɑtəl əv dɛd gaɪ, frəm roʊg eɪlz. rɪˈmɛmbər ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪt wɑz interesting,”*,” hi sɛd, aɪ peɪ əˈtɛnʃən. aɪ wɛnt bæk tɪ kurz laɪt, ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ wət ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɛls dɪd. aɪ ləvd ðə ˈsɪlvər ˈbʊləts. rɪˈmɛmbər ðoʊz cans?”*?” ˈæftər ˈfrɛʃmən jɪr, hɪz ˈpæʃən fər ˈrənɪŋ weɪnd, ənd hi rɪˈtərnd tɪ ˈkoʊpənˌhɑgən, wɛr hi faʊnd bɪr revolution”*” ˌəndərˈweɪ, ˈɛkoʊɪŋ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən bum əv ðə 1980s*: hæd bɪn kəmˈplitli ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ carlsberg,”*,” sɪz, ənd gɑt taɪərd əv it.”*.” hi ʤɔɪnd ə bɪr kləb ˈstɑrtɪd baɪ, wɛr ðeɪ ənd ˈsɛvərəl əv ðɛr frɛndz dræŋk ənd dɪˈskəst ðə moʊst ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ bruz ðeɪ kʊd faɪnd. ɪn 2005 ˈoʊpənd ə bɪr stɔr kɔld, wɪʧ bɪˈkeɪm wɛl noʊn əˈməŋ bɪr ˈdrɪŋkərz., hu wərkt ɛz ə saɪəns ˈtiʧər, bɪˈgæn ɪn hɪz spɛr taɪm wɪθ ən oʊld ˈrənɪŋ pæl neɪmd ˈkɛlər. ˈfɔrmɪŋ ɪn ˈkɪʧən, ðeɪ faʊnd ən ˈərli hɪt ɪn bɪr gik ˈbrɛkfəst, ə staʊt brud wɪθ ˈkɔfi, wɪʧ əˈgrid tɪ stɑk. ə jɪr ər soʊ ˈleɪtər, ˈkɛlər lɛft ðə ˈbɪznɪs hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bi ə ˈraɪtər ənd tʊk kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. ðə ərˈeɪnʤmənt bɪtˈwin ənd wɑz ˌsɪmbiˈɑtɪk. ðə stɔr hɛlpt tɪ pʊt ɔn ðə bɪr mæp; bɪˈkeɪm mɑrˈki drɔ. ðɛr wɑz ən ˌɪmˈplɪsət pækt bɪtˈwin ðə bɔɪz: wən wʊd stɪk tɪ ˈsɛlɪŋ bɪr, ðə ˈəðər tɪ bruɪŋ ɪt. ɪn 2010 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈoʊpənd ə ˈflægˌʃɪp bɑr ə ʃɔrt wɔk frəm. ɪt wɑz nɑt ə ˈbɑtəl ʃɑp, bət ðə ˈbɪznɪs tɪ kriˈeɪt conflict”*” ˌnənðəˈlɛs, ʃɑn sɛd. əˈgrimənt ðət hæd fɛl apart.”*.” sun ˈæftər ðə bɑr ˈoʊpənd, ˈstɑrtɪd ˈivəl twɪn, ənd θɪŋz wɛnt ˈdaʊnˈhɪl. noʊ ðə ˈditeɪlz, bət haʊ wʊd ju fil ɪf jʊr ˈbrəðər ˈkɑpid jʊr ɪnˈtaɪər ˈbɪznɪs plan?”*?” ˈbɑgɪs sɛd. ʃɑn ˈriˌkɔlz biɪŋ wɪθ ðə twɪnz əraʊnd ðɪs taɪm. wʊd seɪ, maɪ ˈbrəðər this,’*,’ ənd wʊd rɪˈspɑnd, maɪ ˈbrəðər this,’*,’ ʃɑn sɛd. wər 10 fit əˈpɑrt, bət ðeɪ rɪfˈjuzd tɪ tɔk tɪ iʧ other.”*.” ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət wɪn ðə fərst bɑr ˈoʊpənd, ɪt fɛlt dɪˈvaɪsɪv: hæd ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn maɪ haʊs brænd, ənd wɪn ˈoʊpənd hɪz bɑr, aɪ sɛd, nɑt ˈgɑnə du ɪt fər mi, ʤɪst du ɪt myself.’*.’ bət sɛd ðət hɪz ril ˈæŋgər stɛmd frəm ə kˈwɔrəl ˈoʊvər ə 2009 ril ɛˈsteɪt trænˈzækʃən, wɪn traɪd, hi sɛd, tɪ bæk aʊt əv ə dil tɪ ˈpərʧəs əˈpɑrtmənt. mi, ɪt əˈbaʊt money,”*,” sɛd. wɑz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkoʊldnəs ɪn haʊ hi dɪd ɪt. hi wɑz laɪk, care.’*.’ aɪ fɛlt ə bɪˈtreɪəl, bɪg taɪm. wɛr ɪt ɔl wɛnt ˈrɪli rɔŋ. wi ˈɔlˌmoʊst gɑt ˈɪntu ˈfɪzɪkəl faɪts. wi, bət ˈɔlˌmoʊst. ðɪs ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd meɪd mi ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ʤɪst bɪˈkəz wi gru əp təˈgɛðər, ʤɪst bɪˈkəz twɪnz. treɪld ɔf, ðɛn dɪˈklɛrd: ʧuz jʊr siblings.”*.” dɪˈspjuts əˈkaʊnt.) aɪ æst ɪf hi hæd tɔkt θru ðiz ˈgrivənsɪz wɪθ. wɛnt tɪ ˈθɛrəpi raɪt ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ muvd tɪ ðə steɪts laɪk, couples’*’ therapy,”*,” sɛd. ðiz ˈvɪzɪts spænd ˈsɛvərəl mənθs, bət hi dimd ðɛm ˌənprəˈdəktɪv. wɑz kraɪɪŋ, aɪ pʊt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɔn ðə spɑt, ənd hi wɑz ˈprɪti koʊld, ʤɪst ˈsɪtɪŋ ðɛr ˈlʊkɪŋ æt me.”*.” ənd jɛt, hi sɛd, ðə ˈθɛrəpɪst hæd bɪn aɪˈdiə. ˈprɑbəˌbli filz ɪt somewhere,”*,” sɛd. hi ˈædɪd ðət, nɑt lɔŋ əˈgoʊ, iˈmeɪld ɪm, ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ riˈoʊpən ə ˈdaɪəˌlɔg, aɪ fil ˈwərθləs tɪ ˈivɪn traɪ anymore.”*.”, ɔn səm ˈlɛvəl, ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈɪnsəkjər ðən mikkel,”*,” sɪz ˈkɛlər, hu həz noʊn ðə twɪnz sɪns ˌædəˈlɛsəns. ˈɔlˌweɪz simz laɪk hi nidz tɪ pruv hɪmˈsɛlf mɔr. waɪ hi tɔks mɔr. wɛˈræz ɪz nɑt traɪɪŋ tɪ kənˈvɪns ju tɪ laɪk ɪm. soʊ hi kəmz ɔf mɔr rɪˈlækst ər ʃʊr əv hɪmˈsɛlf. nɑt ʃʊr hi ɪz, bət hi kəmz ɔf ðət way.”*.”
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mikkel discovered craft beer while studying at kansas state university, which he attended on a running scholarship and where he took chemistry and physics courses. his first taste was a bottle of dead guy, from oregon’s rogue ales. “i remember thinking it was interesting,” he said, “but i didn’t pay attention. i went back to coors light, drinking what everybody else did. i loved the silver bullets. remember those cans?” after freshman year, his passion for running waned, and he returned to copenhagen, where he found “a beer revolution” underway, echoing the american craft-beer boom of the 1980s: “we had been completely dominated by carlsberg,” mikkel says, and “people got tired of it.” he joined a beer club started by jeppe, where they and several of their friends drank and discussed the most interesting brews they could find. in 2005, jeppe opened a beer store called olbutikken, which became well known among beer drinkers. mikkel, who worked as a science teacher, began home-brewing in his spare time with an old running pal named kristian keller. forming mikkeller in mikkel’s kitchen, they found an early hit in beer geek breakfast, a stout brewed with french-press coffee, which jeppe agreed to stock. a year or so later, keller left the business — he wanted to be a writer — and mikkel took control of the company.
the arrangement between olbutikken and mikkeller was symbiotic. the store helped to put mikkeller on the beer map; mikkeller became olbutikken’s marquee draw. there was an implicit pact between the bjergso boys: one would stick to selling beer, the other to brewing it. in 2010, however, mikkel opened a flagship mikkeller bar a short walk from olbutikken. it was not a bottle shop, but the business “started to create conflict” nonetheless, schon said. “the agreement that they’d had fell apart.” soon after the bar opened, jeppe started evil twin, and things went downhill. “i don’t know the details, but how would you feel if your brother copied your entire business plan?” boggess said. schon recalls being with the twins around this time. “mikkel would say, ‘tell my brother this,’ and jeppe would respond, ‘tell my brother this,’ ” schon said. “they were 10 feet apart, but they refused to talk to each other.”
jeppe acknowledged that when the first mikkeller bar opened, it felt divisive: “mikkeller had always been my house brand, and when mikkel opened his bar, i said, ‘if he’s not gonna do it for me, i’ll just do it myself.’ ” but jeppe said that his real anger stemmed from a quarrel over a 2009 real estate transaction, when mikkel tried, he said, to back out of a deal to purchase jeppe’s apartment. “for me, it wasn’t about money,” jeppe said. “it was about the coldness in how he did it. he was like, ‘i don’t care.’ i felt a betrayal, big time. that’s where it all went really wrong. we almost got into physical fights. we didn’t, but almost. this episode made me realize that just because we grew up together, just because we’re twins. . . .” jeppe trailed off, then declared: “you don’t choose your siblings.” (mikkel disputes jeppe’s account.)
i asked jeppe if he had talked through these grievances with mikkel. “we went to therapy right before i moved to the states — like, couples’ therapy,” jeppe said. these visits spanned several months, but he deemed them unproductive. “i was crying, i put myself on the spot, and he was pretty cold, just sitting there looking at me.” and yet, he said, the therapist had been mikkel’s idea. “he probably feels it somewhere,” jeppe said. he added that, not long ago, mikkel emailed him, hoping to reopen a dialogue, “but i feel worthless to even try anymore.”
“jeppe, on some level, is a little more insecure than mikkel,” says keller, who has known the twins since adolescence. “jeppe always seems like he needs to prove himself more. that’s why he talks more. whereas mikkel is not trying to convince you to like him. so he comes off more relaxed or sure of himself. i’m not sure he is, but he comes off that way.”
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ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ əv meɪ 2017 ðə haʊs əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈhɪstəri fərst ˈoʊpənd ɪts dɔrz tɪ ˈvɪzɪtərz. ðɪs ˈmɪljən ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈwɪʃɪz tɪ ˈɔfər ə nu pərˈspɛktɪv ɔn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈkɑntənənt ənd əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən. ˈrəðər ðən goʊɪŋ θru ðə ˈhɪstəri əv iʧ ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈneɪʃən, ɪt ɪkˈsplɔrz wət həz ʃeɪpt ˈjʊrəp ɛz ə hoʊl. ˈæftər tɛn jɪrz əv kənˈstrəkʃən ənd əˈʤəstmənts, ðə mˈjuziəm ɪz naʊ ɪgˈzɪbɪtɪŋ ˈpisɪz frəm ˈoʊvər 300 mˈjuziəmz əˈkrɔs ˈjʊrəp ənd bɪɔnd. ðə sɪks flɔrz əv ðə mˈjuziəm ˈkəvər ˈtɑpɪks səʧ ɛz ˈjʊrəp ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri, ðə tu wərld wɔrz ənd ˌtoʊˌtæləˈtɛriəˌnɪzəm ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri, ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən. ðə ˌɛksəˈbɪʃən ɪz ə ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl səkˈsɛs: ðə ˈvɪzɪtər ɪz ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ juz ˈtæbləts ənd ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ ˈvɛriəs kəˈnɛktɪd dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ɔl əv wɪʧ prəˈvaɪd ˈjusfəl ˈkɑmɛnts ənd meɪk ðə ˈvɪzɪt ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ fər ɔl ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz. ˈɔlsoʊ ən ɑrˈtɪstɪk səkˈsɛs. θæŋks tɪ ðə dɪˈvərsɪti əv ðə ˈɑbʤɛkts ɪkˈspoʊzd, ðə ˈbælənst ənd ðə ɪnˈrɪʧɪŋ ˈgræfɪks, ðə ˈvɪzɪtər kən ˌɪˈmərs hɪmˈsɛlf ˈɪntu iʧ pərˈzɛnəd ˈɪrə. ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt əv ðə haʊs əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈhɪstəri wɑz lɔnʧt ɪn 2007 baɪ ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpɑrləmɛnt, ˈdɑktər, hu dɪˈklɛrd ɪn hɪz ˌɪˈnɔgərəl spiʧ ðət ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt eɪmz æt ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ əv ɔl ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz tɪ lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ðɛr oʊn ˈhɪstəri ənd, baɪ soʊ duɪŋ, tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ə ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈjʊrəp, naʊ ənd ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər hi ˌɪˈnɔgərˌeɪtɪd ðə mˈjuziəm wɪθ ænˈtoʊnioʊ, ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpɑrləmɛnt, ɔn meɪ 2017 tu deɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ɪts ˈoʊpənɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk. ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz spiʧ æt ðɪs ɪˈvɛnt, ænˈtoʊnioʊ dɪˈklɛrd ðət haʊs ɪz əˈbaʊt ðə θɪŋz wi hæv ɪn ˈkɑmən, ðə ɪˈvɛnts wi hæv lɪvd θru together”*”. ðə ˈpɑkət gaɪd əv ðə mˈjuziəm ˈstɪpjəˌleɪts ðət wɔnt tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr haʊ ˈhɪstəri həz ʃeɪpt ə sɛns əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈmɛməri ənd kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ˈɪnfluəns ɑr lɪvz təˈdeɪ ənd ɪn ðə future”*”. dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ə ˈkɑmən ˈmɛməri ɪz ðə fərst stɛp təˈwɔrdz ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə əˈwɛrnəs əv ə ˈkɑmən ˌjʊrəˈpiən aɪˈdɛntəˌti. ɛz ˈædəˌnaʊr wəns sɛd, wi wɔnt tɪ bɪld ə ˈdisənt ənd səˈsteɪnəbəl fˈjuʧər, wi məst nɑt ˈoʊnli bi əˈwɛr əv ðə pæst, ɪt məst bi æt ðə ˈfɔrˌfrənt əv ɑr maɪndz æt ɔl time.”*.” bɪɔnd ðɪs dɪˈzaɪər tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈkɑmən aɪˈdɛntəˌti, fərst ənd ˈfɔrˌmoʊst, ðə mˈjuziəm wɔnts ɪts ˈvɪzɪtərz tɪ æsk ðɛmˈsɛlvz kˈwɛsʧənz, kənˈsɑlɪˌdeɪt ðɛr ˈnɑlɪʤ, ənd ˈʧælənʤ ðɛr əˈpɪnjənz ɔn ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən. ðə mˈjuziəm, ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ˈliəˌpoʊld pɑrk, kloʊz tɪ ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz, wɑz ˈfɔrməli ə ˈdɛntəl ˈklɪnɪk. ðə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ənd ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˌɛksəˈbɪʃənz ər əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ɔl 24 ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz. ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˌɛksəˈbɪʃən wɪl rən ənˈtɪl əv meɪ 2018 ənd ɪz kɔld ˌɪnərˈækʃənz: ˈsɛnʧəriz əv ˈkɑmərs, ˈkɑmbæt ənd kriˈeɪʃən ɪt ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ˈrɛləvənt ˈmoʊmənts ənd kəˈnɛkts ðə ˈstɔriz əv ˈvɛriəs ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz tɪ iʧ ˈəðər. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ meɪk əp jʊr oʊn maɪnd əˈbaʊt ðə mˈjuziəm ənd ɪts ˌɛksəˈbɪʃənz, ðə bɛst weɪ ɪz jɛt tɪ ˈvɪzɪt ɪt. ðə mˈjuziəm ɪz ˈoʊpənd ˈɛvəri deɪ ənd ɪz fri. fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ˈvɪzɪt ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt əv ðə haʊs əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈhɪstəri: ˈsɔrsəz: ðə ˈbrəsəlz taɪm, haʊs əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈhɪstəri ˈoʊpənd ɪn ˈbrəsəlz ˈpəblɪʃt ɔn meɪ 5th*, 2017 url*: ˈɛkˌstrækt əv ðə ˌɪˈnɔgərəl ˈdɪskɔrs əv ˈdɑktər. ɛz ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpɑrləmɛnt: ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpɑrləmɛnt sɔrs: classé*é dans:breves*, fækt əv ðə deɪ tægd: ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈpɑrləmɛnt, factoftheday*, haʊs əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈhɪstəri, ˌɪˌnɔgjəˈreɪʃən 0 ˈgugəl+ 0 ˈɔθər
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on saturday 6th of may 2017, the house of european history first opened its doors to visitors. this €55.4 million project wishes to offer a new perspective on the history of the continent and of the european integration. rather than going through the history of each european nation, it explores what has shaped europe as a whole.
after ten years of construction and adjustments, the museum is now exhibiting pieces from over 300 museums across europe and beyond. the six floors of the museum cover topics such as europe in the 19th century, the two world wars and totalitarianism in the 20th century, the european integration.
the exhibition is a technological success: the visitor is encouraged to use tablets and interact with various connected devices, all of which provide useful comments and make the visit fascinating for all generations. it’s also an artistic success. thanks to the diversity of the objects exposed, the balanced colours and the enriching graphics, the visitor can immerse himself into each presented era.
the project of the house of european history was launched in 2007, by the former president of the european parliament, dr hans-gert pöttering, who declared in his inaugural speech that this project aims at enabling “europeans of all generations to learn more about their own history and, by so doing, to contribute to a better understanding of the development of europe, now and in the future ». he inaugurated the museum with antonio tajani, the current president of the european parliament, on may 4th 2017, two days before its opening to the public. during his speech at this event, antonio tajani declared that “this house is about the things we have in common, the events we have lived through together”.
the pocket guide of the museum stipulates that “we want to explore how history has shaped a sense of european memory and continues to influence our lives today and in the future”. developing a common memory is the first step towards raising the awareness of a common european identity. as adenauer once said, “if we want to build a decent and sustainable future, we must not only be aware of the past, it must be at the forefront of our minds at all time.” beyond this desire to create a common identity, first and foremost, the museum wants its visitors to ask themselves questions, consolidate their knowledge, and challenge their opinions on the european union.
the museum, located in leopold park, close to the eu institutions, was formally a dental clinic. the permanent and temporary exhibitions are available in all 24 languages. the current temporary exhibition will run until 31th of may 2018, and is called « interactions: centuries of commerce, combat and creation ». it highlights relevant moments and connects the stories of various individuals to each other.
if you want to make up your own mind about the museum and its exhibitions, the best way is yet to visit it. the museum is opened every day and is free.
for more information, visit the website of the house of european history:
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/visiting/en/brussels/house-of-european-history
sources:
the brussels time, « house of european history opened in brussels », published on may 5th, 2017, url: http://www.brusselstimes.com/eu-affairs/8157/house-of-european-history-opened-in-brussels
extract of the inaugural discourse of dr. hans-gert pöttering as the president of the european parliament: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2004_2009/documents/dv/745/745721/745721_en.pdf
photo credit: european parliament
source: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/visiting/en/brussels/house-of-european-history
classé dans:breves, fact of the day tagged: european parliament, factoftheday, house of european history, inauguration
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author : communicationeulogos@gmail.com
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ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ər ˌənəˈwɛr əv ðə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈbluˌtuθ ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz pəˈzɛst baɪ. wət ˈbɛtər weɪ tɪ lərn ðən baɪ ˈmɑdəˌfaɪɪŋ ən ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ rɪˈmoʊt kənˈtroʊl kɑr soʊ ðət ju kən kənˈtroʊl ɪt ˈjuzɪŋ jʊr ˈoʊvər ˈbluˌtuθ! æt ə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈlɛvəl ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt wərks ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈmoʊtər kənˈtroʊlər tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ðə tɪ hæv kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ðə rɪˈmoʊt kənˈtroʊl kɑrz ˈmoʊtərz. ə ˈbluˌtuθ ˈmɑʤul əˈlaʊz ðə tɪ rɪˈsiv ˈmɛsɪʤɪz frəm ən ˈænˌdrɔɪd foʊn ˈoʊvər ˈbluˌtuθ wɪʧ kən bi juzd tɪ kənˈtroʊl ðə kɑr. ˈvɛri kul! tɪ gɪt ˈstɑrtɪd ˈlərnɪŋ haʊ tɪ kənˈtroʊl jʊr oʊn rɪˈmoʊt kənˈtroʊl kɑr ˈjuzɪŋ jʊr ʧɛk aʊt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz priˈpɛrd baɪ herbaltea*. ɪf ju ər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə ˈbluˌtuθ ˈmɑʤul tɪ wərk ɔn ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt waɪ nɑt ʧɛk aʊt ðə ˈbluˌtuθ ʃild? ɑr ˈbluˌtuθ ʃild pləgz raɪt ɪn tɪ jʊr ənd lɛts ju sɛnd ənd rɪˈsiv ˈdætə ənd kəˈmændz frəm jʊr ˈskɛʧɪz. ju doʊnt ˈivɪn nid tɪ du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈfænsi ɪn jʊr ˈskɛʧɪz, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈbluˌtuθ lɪŋk ækts ɛz ə ˈsɪˌriəl pɔrt: ju ʤɪst pɛr ɪt wɪθ jʊr kəmˈpjutər, ðɛn ju kən ˈsɪmpli juz "serial.read*()" ənd "serial.write*()" ɛz ˈnɔrməl! ðə ˈbluˌtuθ kən ˈɔpərˌeɪt ɛz ə ˈbluˌtuθ ˈmæstər ər sleɪv ənd ɪz pækt fʊl əv ˈjusfəl ˈfiʧərz. tɪ faɪnd aʊt mɔr ʧɛk aʊt ðə ˈbluˌtuθ ʃild ˈprɑdəkt peɪʤ. wət dɪd ju θɪŋk əv ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt? lɛt ˈjuˈɛs noʊ ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts ˈsɛkʃən bɪˈloʊ ər ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd tˈwɪtər.
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many people are unaware of the powerful bluetooth capabilities possessed by arduino. what better way to learn than by modifying an existing remote control car so that you can control it using your smartphone over bluetooth! at a basic level this project works using a h-bridge motor controller to enable the arduino to have control over the remote control car's motors. a bluetooth module allows the arduino to receive messages from an android phone over bluetooth which can be used to control the car. very cool!
to get started learning how to control your own remote control car using your smartphone check out the following instructions prepared by herbaltea.
if you are looking for a bluetooth module to work on this project why not check out the freetronics bluetooth shield?
our bluetooth shield plugs right in to your arduino and lets you send and receive data and commands from your sketches. you don't even need to do anything fancy in your sketches, because the bluetooth link acts as a serial port: you just pair it with your computer, then you can simply use "serial.read()" and "serial.write()" as normal! the bluetooth sheild can operate as a bluetooth master or slave and is packed full of useful features. to find out more check out the freetronics bluetooth shield product page.
what did you think of this project? let us know in the comments section below or on facebook and twitter.
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soʊl (ˈjɑnˌhæp) saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə sɛd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ɪt wɪl ˈrɛzəˌmeɪ ə ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ səˈpɔrt nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈmɛdɪkəl doctors’*’ ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪn ˈʤərməni. ðə muv, ðə fərst əv ɪts kaɪnd ɪn ˈsɛvən jɪrz, ɪz ɪn laɪn wɪθ ðə pɑrk pʊʃ fər ɪkˈspændɪŋ ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən eɪd fər ðə ˌɪmˈpɑvrɪʃt ˈneɪbər. ðə ˌjunəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈmɪnɪstri plænz tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə nɔrθ grup wɪθ 90 ˈmɪljən wən frəm ðə kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən fənd. ɪt wɪl bi dɪˈlɪvərd θru ðə (saʊθ) ˌkɔˈriə faʊnˈdeɪʃən fər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈhɛlθˌkɛr. ɪn 2001 ðə nɔrθ ˈmɛdɪkəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən lɔnʧt ə ˈprɑʤɛkt tɪ hɛlp treɪn ðə ˈkɑmjənəst ˈdɑktərz. ə ˈnəmbər əv nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈdɑktərz wər ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd tɪ ˈʤərməni tɪ lərn ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈmɛdɪkəl tɛkˈniks fər ˈsɛvərəl mənθs æt ˈloʊkəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz. saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə ˈɔfərd fəndz fər ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn 2007 ənd 2008 bət kət ðə əˈsɪstəns əˈmɪd ˈwərsənd riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ˈpjɔŋˈjæŋ.
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seoul (yonhap) — south korea said wednesday it will resume a program to support north korean medical doctors’ training in germany.
the move, the first of its kind in seven years, is in line with the park geun-hye administration’s push for expanding humanitarian aid for the impoverished neighbor.
the unification ministry plans to provide a north korea-germany group with 90 million won (us$83,000) from the inter-korean cooperation fund. it will be delivered through the (south) korea foundation for international healthcare.
in 2001, the north korea-germany medical association launched a project to help train the communist nation’s doctors. a number of north korean doctors were invited to germany to learn the latest medical techniques for several months at local hospitals.
south korea offered funds for the program in 2007 and 2008, but cut the assistance amid worsened relations with pyongyang.
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wɪsp hæd ə ʧæns tɪ tɔk wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl prəˈfɛʃənəlz ənd æsk ðɛm əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈlɪtərəl ˈprɛfərənsɪz. təˈgɛðər kəmˈpaɪld ðə lɪst əv ˈθərˈtin bʊks wɪʧ kən hɛlp ˈɛniˌwən ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ˌpərsəˈnɛl tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈbɛtər ˈmænɪʤərz. ˈdɛnɪs ryazanov*, stæf dɪˈrɛktər əˈsɪstənt æt ““katek”*” ˈθɪriz: ˈbeɪsɪk əˈsəmpʃən, ˈrisərʧ ənd applications”*” baɪ ˈlɛri ə. ˈdænjəl ʤeɪ. ˈziglər ˈmænɪʤmənt həz ə lɔt əv gʊd ˈθɪriz ənd ˈhændˌfʊl tulz bət haʊ ɪgˈzæktli du ju ˈmænɪʤ ˈpipəl ɪf ju ˌəndərˈstænd ðɛm? wət draɪvz ˈpipəl ənd wət meɪks ðɛm hu ðeɪ ər? theories”*” prəˈvaɪdz ˈænsərz tɪ ˈmɛni kˈwɛsʧənz. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈbeɪsɪk saɪˈkɑləʤi bʊk aɪ wʊd ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd tɪ maɪ ˈjəŋgər ˈkɑligz tɪ rɛd ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ bɪˈgɪn tɪ ˈstədi bʊks ɔn ˈpipəl ˈmænɪʤmənt. theories”*” dɪˈskraɪbz haʊ saɪˈkɑləʤi kənˈsɪdərz ə ˈpərsən ɛz ə ˌpərsəˈnælɪti bət nɑt ɛz ə ˈjumən. rɛd ɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ maɪ fərst jɪr əv ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd ðɛn ɪt θri mɔr taɪmz ənd aɪ pərˈsivd ɪt ɪn ə nu weɪ ˈɛvəri taɪm, ˈteɪkɪŋ maɪ nu ˈnɑlɪʤ ənd ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt. ðə ki pɔɪnt əv ðɪs bʊk ɪz ðət ðə pɔɪnt əv ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃən əv ˌənˈkɑnʃəs ənd ɑr ɪz ɑr ˈlɛvəl əv ˈkɑnʃəsnəs, ðə weɪ wi lʊk æt ˌriˈæləˌti əraʊnd ˈjuˈɛs. ə ˈpərsən meɪ θɪŋk ðət hi kənˈtroʊlz hɪz laɪf hɪmˈsɛlf. bət, æt ðə seɪm taɪm, wi ər biɪŋ hɛld baɪ nɔrmz, rulz ənd ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ˈkəmɪŋ frəm; ɔn ˈəðər hænd, ɑr ˈkɑnʃəsnəs ɪz ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˈfərmli θru ˈɪnstɪŋkt ˈsɪstəmz ənd ˈæŋkərz. nən əv ɑr dɪˈsɪʒənz ɪz ˈteɪkən wɪˈθaʊt ðiz tu ˈfæktərz. waɪ wi məst lərn tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ɑr ˌənˈkɑnʃəsnɪs, ˈæŋkərz əv ðə pæst ðət stɑp ˈjuˈɛs frəm ˈmuvɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd, ɛz wɛl ɛz ɑr fɪrz ənd ˈɪnstɪŋkts, rulz ənd ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz baʊnd baɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti. ðɪs ɔl kən ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ə ˈpərsən siz waɪt ˈkələr ɛz waɪt, haʊ wi dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ bɪtˈwin gʊd ənd ˈivəl, ər wət rulz kən bi ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd waɪl ˈəðərz nɑt. haʊ kən ju ˈmænɪʤ jʊr stæf wɪˈθaʊt ðɪs ˈnɑlɪʤ? psychology”*” baɪ ˈdeɪvɪd maɪərz ðɪs wən ɪz əˈnəðər ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl bʊk wɪʧ ɪz ə məst fər saɪˈkɑləʤi ənd fəˈlɑsəfi ˈstudənts ɪn ˌjunəˈvərsətiz əraʊnd ðə wərld. ðɪs bʊk ˌənˈkəvərz ðə ʃraʊd ɔn ɑr, ɑr rulz ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz, ɑr ˈbeɪsɪk ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv intercommunication*. ˈjumənz ər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkriʧərz, ðɛr ˈkɑnˌtækts ər ˈwaɪdli ˈvɛrid bət nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ˌkɑmprɪˈhɛndɪd, kənˈtroʊld ər ˌəndərˈstʊd, waɪ wi hæv ˈɪʃuz wɪθ kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ˈsəmˌtaɪmz. dɪd ju ˈɛvər ˈwəndər waɪ ˈpipəl bɪˈheɪv ðɪs weɪ ənd nɑt əˈnəðər? ðɪs bʊk rɪˈvilz ˈænsərz ənd hɛlps tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈpætərnz əˈkərɪŋ ɪn grups əv ˈpipəl. aɪˈdil executive”*” baɪ aɪ θɪŋk ðət ˈɛni ˈpərsən, rəˈgɑrdləs əv laɪf goʊlz, hæd ə θɔt əv biɪŋ ə ˈlidər, ˈivɪn wəns. ˈivɪn ə ɪmˈplɔɪi ˌɪˈmæʤənz hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ə ˈmænɪʤər, kriˈeɪts səm kaɪnd əv ˈpɪkʧər əv haʊ lɛd ər meɪk dɪˈsɪʒənz. bət ˈæftər rɛd aɪˈdil executive”*”, kəmˈplitli ʧeɪnʤd maɪ ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv hu ˈmænɪʤərz ər, wət ɪz ðɛr roʊl ənd wət tulz ðeɪ juz fər stæf ˈmænɪʤmənt. ðɪs bʊk kəmˈbaɪnz tu aɪˈdiəz. ˈfərstli, tɔks əˈbaʊt timz wɪn ðeɪ ər ˌkɑmpləˈmɛntəri ənd wən ˈmɛmbər kəmˈplits əˈnəðər, ðɪs meɪks tim ˈvɛri ɪˈfɪʃənt. ˈæftər ɔl, ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz ˈdɪfərənt, ənd ˈɛvriˌwən həz ðə ˌpridɪspəˈzɪʃən fər ˈsərtən roʊlz: bi ɪt ðə ˈmænɪʤər, ˌɑntrəprəˈnʊr, ˈrisɔrsɪz ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər ər ˈɪnəˌgreɪtər. ˈsɛkənd pɔɪnt ɪz haʊ tɪ ˈmænɪʤ kəˈmændɪŋ roʊlz raɪt, ənd wət ˈmænɪʤmənt tulz kən ˈstrɛŋθən ðə tim ənd əˈʧiv ðə bɛst rɪˈzəlts. ðiz tu pɔɪnts meɪd mi θɪŋk əˈbaʊt wət ʃʊd bi ðə ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd wɪʧ tulz ər ðə moʊst ˈifɛktɪv wənz. ˈæftər ˈfɪnɪʃt aɪˈdil executive”*”, rɛd ˈəðər bʊks baɪ: ɔn ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən laɪf ˈsaɪkəl, ɔn laɪf ˈsteɪʤɪz, ɔn dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈstrætəʤi, ənd soʊ ɔn. aɪ min, aɪˈdil executive”*” ɪz ðə beɪs bʊk wɪʧ ju kən juz ɛz ə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt, ɪt gɪvz ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ju məst noʊ əˈbaʊt ˈmænɪʤmənt tɪ bɪˈkəm ðə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈlidər. nəˈtɑljə chailytko*, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈfaʊndər æt rɪˈkrutmənt center”*” ˈbrɪʤɪz əv ˈmædɪsən county”*” baɪ ˈrɑbərt ʤeɪmz ˈwɔlər fər mi, ðɪs bʊk ɪz nɑt laɪk ə ˈmuvi, ɪt ɪz ˈbɛtər. ju rɛd ɪt wəns, ənd ju ɪt ˈmɛni taɪmz ˈæftərwərdz ənd ˈɛvəri taɪm ju dɪˈskəvər ˈsəmθɪŋ nu, ˈsəmθɪŋ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ˈjɔrsɛlf. jɪrz goʊ baɪ, wi gɪt ˈoʊldər, wi liv ˈmɛni ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz ənd ɪˈvɛnts behind…*… θɪŋk ðət ðɪs bʊk ɪz ʤɪst ə ləv story…*… ðɪs ɪz ðə bʊk əˈbaʊt goʊlz, ənd ˈmuvɪŋ təˈwɔrdz ðɛm ɛz wɛl ɛz əˈweɪ frəm ðɛm. əˈbaʊt ðə ˈlɪvɪŋ speɪs, wɪʧ sɛndz ˈjuˈɛs ɪˈvɛnts ənd ˈpipəl wɪn wi ər ˈrɛdi fər ðɛm. əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈmɪʃən: biɪŋ ə ˈməðər, ə waɪf ər ən ɪmˈplɔɪi. ɪt ɪz əˈbaʊt wɛr wi ər ɔn ðə ˈtaɪmlaɪn ər wi stək ɪn ðə pæst ər ər wi əˈlaʊɪŋ ɑrˈsɛlvz ˈhæpi fˈjuʧər? ju ʃʊd fil ðɪs bʊk, ðɛn dɪˈskəvər ɪts rɪʧ, dip ˈminɪŋ ðə seɪm weɪ aɪ dɪd. nɑt ˈʤinjəs bʊk. ɪt ɪz nɑt ðə ˈmæstərˌpis. nɑt ðə ˈgreɪtəst wən. ʤɪst gʊd, ənd ðə hoʊl pɔɪnt əv ðɪs bʊk. ˈpipəl pleɪ: ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈhændˌbʊk əv analysis”*” baɪ ˈɛrɪk bərn ðɪs bʊk ɪz ə ˈstɔˌrhaʊs əv ɪgˈzæmpəlz, ɔl əv ðɛm ər ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ. ɪt ˈoʊpənz ðə dɔr tɪ ðə wərld əv saɪəns, ɔl truθ. ɛz sun ɛz ju rɪˈmɛmbər ənd ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈminɪŋ əv iʧ geɪm, lərn tɪ ˈnoʊtɪs ðɛm ɪn ril laɪf: frəm jʊr ˈrɛlətɪvz, ˈkɑligz ənd ˈmænɪʤərz. leɪ jʊr hænz ɔn ˈpaʊərfəl ˈwɛpən, ənd goʊɪŋ tɪ bi nuclear-powered*. gɪt tɪ noʊ ðə skrɪpt jʊr laɪf ɪz beɪst ɔn, ɛz wɛl ɛz lɪvz əv ˈəðərz. lərn wɪʧ bɪˈlifs ər ˈlidɪŋ jʊr laɪf. waɪ dɪz ɪt ˈhæpən ðə weɪ ɪt ˈhæpənz? wɪθ ðɪs bʊk, hæv ðə ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv goʊlz, praɪˈɔrətiz əv bɪˈheɪvjərz ənd, moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt əv ɔl, weɪz aʊt əv ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz, soʊ ju gɪt træpt. ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ rɛd ɪt ˈhoʊlhɑrtɪdli æt wəns, gɪt jʊr ˈpeɪʃəns təˈgɛðər. wərθ ɪt. ɑrt əv sɪˈdəkʃən: 48 lɔz əv power”*” baɪ ˈrɑbərt grin du ju laɪk ˈstrəkʧərd əˈproʊʧ? du ju hæv ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈɔrdərd raɪt? ðɛn ðɪs bʊk wɑz meɪd fər ju. fækts, hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ɪgˈzæmpəlz, neɪmz əv ˈfeɪməs ˈpipəl, ˈæfərˌɪzəmz, ˈfeɪbəlz, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz hir. lɔz? ðiz ər ˈsɔrtɪd frəm ˈbeɪsɪk (ˈkæʒəwəl ˈlɛvəl) tɪ ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd wənz (əˈθɔrəti ˈlɛvəl). ˈɛvəri lɔ həz ə beɪs, iʧ wən ɪz ˈklɪrli ˈrizənd. lərn haʊ tɪ ə frɛnd ənd ækt laɪk ə spy”*”, bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ plot”*” ənd ðə ˈmɛθəd əv horse”…*”… ɪf ju ʧoʊz ðə pæθ əv məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtər ənd ju ˈrɪli kɛr əˈbaʊt ˈmɔrəlz ər ˈɛθɪks, ðɪs bʊk wɪl pruv ˌɪtˈsɛlf mɔr ðən ə ˈhənərd pər sɛnt ˈprɑfətəbəl fər ju. ɪf ju hæv ðɪs goʊl, ʤɪst gɪt sˈmɑrtər ənd mɔr əˈtræktɪv tɪ ðoʊz əraʊnd ju, sɪns ju kən ʃoʊ ɔf səm nu ˈnɑlɪʤ ənd dɑʤ ə fju ˈbʊləts hir ənd ðɛr. oʊ, ənd ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls. ənˈlaɪk ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv bʊks, ju kən stɑrt ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs wən frəm ˈɛni ˈʧæptər, nɑt ʤɪst frəm ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ. nəˈtɑljə iskortseva*, stæf dɪˈrɛktər æt ““first*, breɪk ɔl ðə rulz: wət ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈmænɪʤərz do”*” baɪ ˈmɑrkəs ˈbəkɪŋˌhæm rɛd ðɪs bʊk waɪl aɪ wɑz sɛnt ɔn ˈbɪznɪs trɪps fər ““hilti”*” ɪn 2010 æt ðət taɪm, ðɛr wɑz noʊ trænzˈleɪtəd ˈvərʒən. aɪ ˈnoʊtɪd səm əv ðə kwoʊts tɪ maɪ ˈdaɪəri, bət ˈleɪtər aɪ faʊnd ɪt ɪn ˈrəʃən ənd bɔt ɛz ə gɪft fər maɪ ˈhəzbənd. ðɪs bʊk ɪz ə gʊd əˈdɪʃən fər gʊd tɪ great”*”, ðə ˈbaɪbəl əv ˈmænɪʤmənt, ˈminɪŋ ðət wɪθ ɔl væst vərˈaɪəti əv ˈbɪznɪsɪz ənd ˈkəlʧərz ðɛr ər ˈkɑmən pɔɪnts ðət ˈjuˌnaɪt tɔp ˈmænɪʤərz bət ˌdɪfərˈɛnʧiˌeɪt ðɛm frəm ðə ˈkɑmən gʊd ˈlidərz. wɪθ ɔl ðət ɪn maɪnd, ðə beɪs əv ðə bʊk ɪz bɪlt əˈpɑn nɑt wən əˈpɪnjən, ənd nɑt ˈivɪn wən pɔɪnt əv vju, bət dɪˈvɛləpmənts əv ˈgæləp ˌjunəˈvərsəti ðə wən ðət ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər 12 kˈwɛsʧənz fər ˈstədiz əv ɪmˈplɔɪi ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən ðət ɪz juzd baɪ ɪmˈplɔɪərz ɔl əraʊnd ðə gloʊb. wɪθ ɔl ðət, ðə bʊk ɪz ˈrɪtən ɪn səʧ ə weɪ ju wɔnt tɪ rɛd ɪt ənd stɑrt duɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ. ju wɔnt tɪ lərn ˈmɪdəl ˈmænɪʤmənt, fər ˈɪnstəns. ər ju wɔnt tɪ sərʧ fər ˈpipəl, əˈtrækt ˈtælənts ənd haɪər raɪt ˈpipəl, rɪˈmɛmbərɪŋ ðət ““who”*” ɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ““what”*”. ju ʃʊd wərk ɔn jʊr skɪlz ənd kip ɪn maɪnd ðət ju ər ɔn ðə steɪʤ ˈɛvəri deɪ ˈivɪn ɔn deɪz wɪn ju haɪd bɪˈhaɪnd jʊr ˈpiˈsi wɪθ ðə ˈhɛˌdeɪk, ˈivɪn ɪf ˈsəmθɪŋ goʊz rɔŋ. ju ʃʊd dɪˈvɛləp ðə bɛst wənz, beɪst ɔn ðɛr ædˈvæntɪʤɪz ənd strɔŋ kˈwɑlətiz. naʊ, ˈlʊkɪŋ bæk, aɪ gɛs ɪt wɑz ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt əv maɪ ˈkoʊʧɪŋ kərɪr: ɪt wɑz ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt fər groʊɪŋ ənd ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ˈfiʧərz ðət ðɪs ɪgˈzækt ˈpərsən həz. ɑrt əv ˈsɪstəmz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ: ɛˈsɛnʃəl skɪlz fər ˌkrieɪˈtɪvəti ənd ˈprɑbləm ˈsɑlvɪŋ paperback”*” baɪ ˈʤoʊzəf aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs bʊk ˈmoʊstli bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈɔθər: aɪ wɑz ˈstədiɪŋ hɪz ˈmɛθədz əv ˈkoʊʧɪŋ ɪn icc*. jɛs, nɑt ðə ˈsɪmpləst bʊk ənd, ˈprɑbəˌbli, nɑt fər ˈɛvriˌwən. aɪ rɪˈmɛmbərd maɪ faɪv jɪrz əv fəˈlɑsəfi skul: ju rɛd ənd fil haʊ jʊr breɪn gɪrz ər ˈwərkɪŋ. wət du tim ˈspɪrɪt, ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɔn bæŋk əˈkaʊnts ənd ɪmˈplɔɪi əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən hæv ɪn ˈkɑmən? wət dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃɪz ɔl əv ðə əˈbəv frəm ˈfɔrmɪŋ timz, ɛr kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ ˈsɪstəmz, ˈviɪkəl ˈdraɪvɪŋ, ˈkəstəmər kɛr ənd ˈlidərˌʃɪp? ənd ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈklɪrli steɪts ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ˈmɛntəl ˈmɑdəlz, ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ pis aɪ wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. lɔŋ ˈstɔri ʃɔrt: ðɪs bʊk ɪz ə bənʧ əv wərdz ənd skɪˈmætɪks ˈtɛlɪŋ ju ðət ˈsɪstəmz ər əraʊnd ˈjuˈɛs, wɪˈθɪn ˈjuˈɛs. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ tɛlz ˈjuˈɛs ðət ðə səˈluʃən ɪz ˈɔfən nɑt wɛr wi ɪkˈspɛkt ɪt tɪ bi ənd riˈmaɪndz ˈjuˈɛs əˈbaʊt weɪt əv dɪˈsɪʒənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz. ðə bʊk tɛlz ju ðət ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ˈsəmθɪŋ waɪ ɪt wərks ðɪs weɪ ənd nɑt əˈnəðər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ lʊk ˈɪntu nu dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. æt wərk: waɪ ðə moʊst ərˈɪʤənəl maɪndz ɪn ˈbɪznɪs wɪn paperback”*” baɪ ˈwɪljəm si. ˈteɪlər ənd ˈpɑli ʤi. lɑˈbɑreɪ wɪθ ðɪs bʊk, ˈædɪd wən mɔr wərd tɪ maɪ ˈpərsɪnəl voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛri ““maverick”*”. ənd, wɪθ ɪt, ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn sərk də soʊˈleɪl keɪm ˈɪntu maɪ laɪf: nɑt ɛz məʧ ɛz ““performance”*” bət mɔr ɛz wɪˈθaʊt compromise”*” ðət wən ki ˈfæktər ðət meɪks ðɪs ˈsərkəs soʊ ˈspɛʃəl ənd səkˈsɛsfəl. ˈkreɪˌniəm juˈnaɪtɪd ɔl maɪ ˈfæməli ənd frɛndz θru bɔrd geɪmz ðət fɪld maɪ hoʊm. ðɪs ˈkɔrpərət ˈprɪnsəpəl əv beyond”*” gɑt ˈtænʤəbəl, ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ənd ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli əˈdɪktɪv. waɪl aɪ wɑz ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs bʊk, aɪ ˈhənɪd ðə ˈwɔˌrlaɪk ˈspɪrɪt təˈgɛðər wɪθ ˌsaʊθˈwɛst; aɪ wɔkt ðə hall”*” əv sei*; aɪ ˈmɛʒərd ðə taɪm ˈbəʤɪt əv ðə wɪθ ˈstɪkərz aɪ hæd frəm frut aɪs krim; aɪ riʧt ðə ““otherworld”*” ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns təˈgɛðər wɪθ p&g*; aɪ sərʧt ðə ˈhɪdən ˈminɪŋz ɪn ˈeɪʧbiˈoʊ ʃoʊz ənd ˈmuviz; aɪ rɪˈplaɪd tɪ kˈwɛʃən ðɪs deɪ wərθ living?”*?” ˈlivɪŋ ˈɔfəs. jɪrz goʊ baɪ, ənd kip ˈæskɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ðɪs kˈwɛʃən wɪn aɪ gɪt bæk hoʊm frəm wərk. ˈdɛnɪs gurlenya*, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈfaʊndər æt fɑks hənt ˈlɛsənz əv ˌʤæpəˈniz koan”*” baɪ vˈlædəmɪr ðɛr ər ə lɔt əv bʊks aɪ wʊd ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd tɪ ˈkɑligz bət ðɪs wən ɪz ðə fərst ɪn ðə laɪn. ɪt həz ˈsɪriəsli əˈfɛktɪd maɪ vjuz ənd meɪd mi lʊk ˈdɪfərˈɛntli æt wərk, riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz, ˈpɑrtnərz; ɪt pʊʃt mi təˈwɔrdz ˈsərʧɪŋ ˈænsərz tɪ ˈmɛni kˈwɛsʧənz, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ˈlərnɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ nu. aɪ wʊd ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs bʊk tɪ ˈmænɪʤərz bɪˈkəz ɪt brɪŋz təˈgɛðər vjuz əv ˈjumən ˈrisɔrsɪz dɪˈrɛktərz, ˈlidərz, ɪmˈplɔɪərz ənd ɪmˈplɔɪiz. nɑt əˈbaʊt rɪˈkrutɪŋ, ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən, ər ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈfəŋkʃənz, bət əˈbaʊt ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd ˈbɪznɪs ɛz ə hoʊl. ðə θɪŋ ɪz ðət naʊ ˈspɛʃəlɪsts bɪˈgɪn tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ju nid tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə staɪl əv wərk tɪ gɪt ˈifɛktɪv rɪˈzəlts. ju nid tɪ bɪˈkəm səm kaɪnd əv kənˈdəktər fər ˈbɪznɪs ˈstrætəʤi rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ɪmˈplɔɪiz ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd ðɪs rikˈwaɪərz ðə ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə nidz ðət ˈsinjər ˈmænɪʤərz, ˈʃɛˌrhoʊldərz, ˈbɪznɪs ˈoʊnərz hæv. ðɛr ɪz ə lɔt əv tɔk ɔn ðɪs ˈsəbʤɪkt bət, ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ˈlɪtəl həz bɪn dən. ɪf ju æsk mi, ðɪs ʤɑb rikˈwaɪərz ˈfɔrmɪŋ raɪt ˈsɪstəm əv ˈvæljuz. tɪ læst: səkˈsɛsfəl ˈhæbəts əv visionary”*” baɪ ʤɪm ˈkɑlɪnz ənd ˈʤɛri ˈpɔrɑz ðɪs bʊk hæd ˈɪnfluəns ɔn ˈmɛni ˈwɛstərn ˌɑntrəprəˈnərz ənd ˈmænɪʤərz. əˈbaʊt haʊ səm gʊd ˈkəmpəˌniz bɪˈkəm greɪt ˈbɪznɪsɪz. aɪ kən səˈpɔrt ðə kleɪm ðət ɪt ˈsɪriəsli ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz. ðɛr ɪz əˈnəðər bʊk aɪ wʊd laɪk tɪ ˈmɛnʃən. ju kən seɪ ðə ˈklæsɪks əv ˈmænɪʤmənt bʊks rɛd wɪθ greɪt ˈɪntəˌrɛst. sərʧ əv ˈɛksələns: ˈlɛsənz frəm companies”*” baɪ ˈtɑməs ʤeɪ. ˈpitərz ənd ˈrɑbərt eɪʧ., jr*. ˈwɔtərmən ɪt ˈænəˌlaɪzɪz ðə ki ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv səkˈsɛs ənd ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈpræktɪsɪz juzd baɪ əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɑntrəprəˈnərz, ɛz wɛl ɛz eɪt ˈfæktərz əv səkˈsɛs ər ˈprɪnsəpəlz fər ˈbɪldɪŋ ðə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈbɪznɪsɪz. ðɪs bʊk ɪz ə must-read*, seɪm ɛz tɪ last”*”. adigova*, ˈbɪznɪs koʊʧ, ˈbɪznɪs ˈpɑrtnər æt geɪmz kərt ˈvɑnəgət wəns sɛd: aɪ kʊd ˈɔfər ju ˈoʊnli wən tɪp fər ðə fˈjuʧər, ˈsənskrin wʊd bi ɪt. ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈsənskrin hæv bɪn pruvd baɪ ˈsaɪəntɪsts, wɛˈræz ðə rɛst əv maɪ ədˈvaɪs həz noʊ ˈbeɪsɪs mɔr rɪˈlaɪəbəl ðən maɪ oʊn miˈændərɪŋ experience.”*.” æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ, ˈɛni bʊk ɪz ən ˈpraɪsləs ɪkˈspɪriəns ɔn haʊ tɪ bɪˈheɪv ɪn ˈdɪfərənt ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz ðət meɪ ˈnɛvər ˈhæpən əˈgɛn. ə lɔt wɑz ˈrɪtən əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪnəˈfɛktɪvnəs əv ðə ““contactless”*” ər ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ər ðət ˈmɛni skɪlz kən ˈoʊnli bi treɪnd θru ˈpræktɪs ənd ril ɪkˈspɪriəns. aɪ tɛnd tɪ əˈgri. mɔˈroʊvər, wi geɪn ˈoʊnli ˈnɑlɪʤ θru ˈrɛdɪŋ, bət ðə ril ɪkˈspɪriəns muvz frəm wən ˈpərsən tɪ əˈnəðər. ˈivɪn ðə lɪsts əv skills”*” ðət meɪ pruv ˈjusfəl ɪn nɛkst 5 jɪrz kənˈsɪst əv skɪlz ðət kən bi ˈlərnɪd ˈoʊnli θru ˌɪntərˈpərsənəl kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən. mɔr laɪk ɪt wɑz ˈmɛnʃənd baɪ ˈlaɪsəns ˈhoʊldər) ɪn hər ˈɑrtɪkəl kɔld ““survivors’*’ mistakes”*”: hɑrd tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðɪs ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl dɪˈzaɪər tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə səkˈsɛs baɪ ˈpisɪz, ənd, ʤɪst laɪk ə kroʊ, stil ðə ˈpisɪz bæk tɪ jʊr nɛst. ju lʊk æt braɪt saɪd əv jʊr səkˈsɛs, ˈlʊkɪŋ fər kluz. ˈɛvriˌwən ləvz wɪn ˈpipəl ər ˈspikɪŋ aʊt laʊd əˈbaʊt ðɛr mɪsˈfɔrʧənz, ənd haʊ ðeɪ sərˈvaɪvd ðɛm dɪˈspaɪt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. ə ˈpɪti ðət ju ˈrɛrli geɪn dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz ɔn wət nɑt tɪ du ər wət tɪ əˈvɔɪd. bɪˈkəz ðiz ˈpipəl ˌɑnˈsteɪʤ noʊ ðɪs ðɛmˈsɛlvz. səʧ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən gɪts lɔst əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈpipəl hu meɪk ɪt θru mɪsˈfɔrʧənz, hu gɪt tɪ ˈmægəˌzinz ˈkəvərz. ðiz ˈpipəl gɪt ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðə spiʧ ɔn ˌɪˌnɔgjəˈreɪʃənz, waɪl ðɛr ˈstudənts ər əbˈzɔrbɪŋ ðɛr wərdz ɛz ðə sɔrs əv ˈhoʊli wisdom.”*.” ɪn maɪ ənd ˈɑrtɪkəlz, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd tɪ wɔʧ ənd lərn haʊ ˈpipəl θɪŋk ənd meɪk dɪˈsɪʒənz, haʊ ðeɪ meɪk ə ʧɔɪs. noʊɪŋ ðɪs ˈbeɪsɪks, ju kən bɪld ðə səkˈsɛsfəl kərɪr ɪn ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛni fild. waɪ ˈɛvəri taɪm ˈɛniˌwən æsks mi tɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ə gʊd bʊk tɪ bɪˈkəm greɪt ˈmænɪʤər, lɛft ˈpəzəld. ðɪs ɪz bɪˈkəz ɪf ju ər ˈrɪli ˈtrəbəld baɪ səm kaɪnd əv ˈprɑbləm, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ əraʊnd ju bɪˈkəmz ðə səˈluʃən. wɪθ ɔl ðət, aɪ hæv ðə ˈɔθər aɪ kip ˈkəmɪŋ bæk tɪ. hɪz neɪm ɪz vˈlædəmɪr, hi ɪz ðə ˈfaʊndər əv ˈmænɪʤmənt skul ənd ˈɔθər əv ˈwɛlˈnoʊn fights”*”. aɪ gɪt ðə ʧæns tɪ kˈwɑpərˌeɪt wɪθ ɪm, hi wɑz ˈhɑrdər tɪ gɪt ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðət waɪ wi ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ɪm), bət aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd hɪz bʊks ˈɛniˌweɪ. ɑrt əv ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv struggle”*” gɑt kˈwoʊtɪd ˈmɛni taɪmz. ðə bʊk ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz bɪlt əˈpɑn ˈeɪnʧənt ʧaɪˈniz ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈtæktɪks. ju ˈhoʊldɪŋ jʊr brɛθ əˈfreɪd əv ˈlivɪŋ aʊt ə ˈsɪŋgəl piece”*”, bɪˈkəz ɪt kəmˈbaɪnz ˈloʊkəl ˈfiʧərz əv trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈməltəˌplaɪd baɪ juʤ ˈpərsɪnəl ɪkˈspɪriəns. wət ðɪs bʊk ɪz əˈbaʊt. əˈbaʊt ɑrt. nɑt əˈbaʊt ˈstrəgəl. ˈtɛlɪŋ haʊ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ groʊz ˈɪntu ˈnɑlɪʤ, ˈnɑlɪʤ groʊz ˈɪntu əˈbɪləˌti, ənd əˈbɪləˌti bɪˈkəmz skɪl. əˈbaʊt kənˈtroʊl wɪˈθaʊt kənˈtroʊl, bət mɔr ɔn ˈmuvɪŋ jʊr əˈpoʊnənt təˈwɔrdz dɪˈzaɪərd dɪˈsɪʒən. ˈtɛlɪŋ ju ðət ju ʤəmp ðə gæp ɔn 99 ˈtɛlɪŋ ju haʊ tɪ muv ðə faɪt fər roʊlz tɪ ðə dɪˈmɛnʃən əv ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər ˈrisɔrsɪz. ˈtɛlɪŋ ju ðət ðə moʊst ˈjusləs taɪp əv faɪt ɪz ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər pæst wɛr ju fɪks ˈɛniˌθɪŋ æt ɔl. ˈtɛlɪŋ ju ðət jʊr səˈluʃən ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈprɑbləm ˌɪtˈsɛlf. əˈbaʊt ˈbɪldɪŋ jʊr wərld ənd ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈəðərz tɪ bɪld wən fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ənd ˈtɛlɪŋ ju ðət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ɪˈskeɪp ɪz ðə bɛst ˈstrætəʤi. sɪz ðət ðɛr ər θri ˈsteɪʤɪz ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈlərnɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs:. tɪ gɪt ðə ˈdætə ɔn ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˈnɑlɪʤ, ju nid tɪ əˈproʊʧ ɪt wɪθ trəst. bɪˈkəm ɪts fæn! geɪn ðə ˈmɔrəl raɪt tɪ sprɛd ɪt ˈfərðər! ɔl əv ðoʊz ˈmɪsɪŋ ðə fərst steɪʤ, bɪˈkəm half-educated*. huˈɛvər gɪts stək ɪn ɪt bɪˈkəmz ðə ˈzɑmbi. structurally-critical*. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðə ˈlərnɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ, ju ʃʊd əˈproʊʧ ɪt kənˈstrəktɪvli ˈkrɪtɪkəl wɪθ ðə dɪˈzaɪər tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ɪt, tɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ɪts ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkʃənz ənd ˌɪŋˈkɑnsɪˌstɛnsiz fækts, tɪ gɪv ɪt ˈhɑrməni ənd ˈbjuti. huˈɛvər ˈpæsɪz ðɪs steɪʤ bɪˈkəm ðə dɪˈfɛktər, ənd ðə wən hu gɪts stək ɔn ɪt hi steɪz ðə ɪˈtərnəl ˈstudənt. destructive-critical*. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ lərn ɔn ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˈoʊvərˌkəmɪŋ, ju hæv tɪ faɪnd ðə ˈlɪmɪts əv ðɪs ˈlərnɪŋ, ɪts ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ˈfərðər wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈrædɪkəl ˈoʊvərˌhɔl. ju hæv tɪ reɪz ɪt tɪ ðə graʊnd ənd tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈjusfəl ˈɛləmənts fər ðə kənˈstrəkʃən əv ˈəðər, mɔr ədˈvænst ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz. huˈɛvər stɑrts frəm ðɪs steɪʤ, waɪl ˈskɪpɪŋ ðə fərst ənd ˈsɛkənd, ɪz ˈɪgnərənt wən. ˈɛniˌwən hu ˈpæsɪz ɔl θri ˈsteɪʤɪz wɪθ kənˈsɪstənsi bɪˈkəmz ə səkˈsɛsər. tərn ˈɪntu ˈzɑmbi, kip ˈlərnɪŋ ənd ˈmuvɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd. aɪ prɪˈfər tɪ θɪŋk əv bʊks ɛz ðə ˈəltəmət tulz fər ɪkˈspændɪŋ ðə ˈkɑnʃəsnəs, ənd aɪ ˈɛnvi ˈɛvriˌwən hu həz jɛt tɪ bi əkˈweɪnɪd wɪθ ˈɛni əv bʊks, ˈɔθərz, ˈɑrtɪkəlz, ˈkɑmɪk bʊks ənd ˈəðər ˈsɔrsəz ðət ər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ʤɪst gʊd ɛz ðə pæθ tɪ ““right”*” ˈænsərz. bət mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪz ðət ju kənˈtɪnju tɪ reɪz kˈwɛsʧənz.
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wisp had a chance to talk with several hr professionals and ask them about their literal preferences. together we’ve compiled the list of thirteen books which can help anyone working with personnel to become better managers.
denis ryazanov, staff director assistant at “katek”
“personality theories: basic assumption, research and applications” by larry a. & daniel j. ziegler
management has a lot of good theories and handful tools but how exactly do you manage people if you don’t understand them? what drives people and what makes them who they are? “personality theories” provides answers to many questions. this is the basic psychology book i would recommend to my younger colleagues to read before they begin to study books on people management.
“personality theories” describes how psychology considers a person as a personality but not as a human. i’ve read it during my first year of university and then re-read it three more times – and i perceived it in a new way every time, taking my new knowledge and experience into account.
the key point of this book is that the point of intersection of unconscious and our superego is our level of consciousness, the way we look at reality around us.
a person may think that he controls his life himself. but, at the same time, we are being held by norms, rules and regulations coming from superego; on other hand, our consciousness is holding us firmly through instinct systems and anchors. none of our decisions is taken without these two factors.
that’s why we must learn to understand our unconsciousness, anchors of the past that stop us from moving forward, as well as our fears and instincts, rules and regulations bound by society. this all can explain why a person sees white color as white, how we distinguish between good and evil, or what rules can be violated while others not. how can you manage your staff without this knowledge?
“social psychology” by david myers
this one is another fundamental book which is a must for psychology and philosophy students in universities around the world.
this book uncovers the shroud on our superego, our rules and social regulations, our basic principles of intercommunication. humans are social creatures, their contacts are widely varied but not always comprehended, controlled or understood, that’s why we have issues with communication sometimes. did you ever wonder why people behave this way and not another? this book reveals answers and helps to understand the behavioral patterns occurring in groups of people.
“the ideal executive” by ichak kalderon adizes
i think that any person, regardless of life goals, had a thought of being a leader, even once. even a low-class employee imagines himself as a manager, creates some kind of picture of how he’ll lead or make decisions. but after i’ve read “the ideal executive”, i’ve completely changed my definition of who managers are, what is their role and what tools they use for staff management.
this book combines two ideas. firstly, adizes talks about teams – when they are complimentary and one member completes another, this makes team very efficient. after all, everyone is different, and everyone has the predisposition for certain roles: be it the manager, entrepreneur, resources manufacturer or integrator. second point is how to manage commanding roles right, and what management tools can strengthen the team and achieve the best results.
these two points made me think about what should be the management and which tools are the most effective ones.
after i’ve finished “the ideal executive”, i’ve read other books by adizes: on organization life cycle, on organization’s life stages, on development strategy, and so on. i mean, “the ideal executive” is the base book which you can use as a starting point, it gives everything you must know about management to become the successful leader.
natalia chailytko, ceo / founder at “status recruitment center”
“the bridges of madison county” by robert james waller
for me, this book is not like a movie, it is better. you read it once, and you re-think it many times afterwards and every time you discover something new, something important for yourself. years go by, we get older, we leave many situations and events behind…
don’t think that this book is just a love story… this is the book about goals, and moving towards them as well as away from them. it’s about the living space, which sends us events and people when we are ready for them. it’s about our mission: being a mother, a wife or an employee. it is about where we are on the timeline – are we stuck in the past or are we allowing ourselves happy future?
you should feel this book, then you’ll discover its rich, deep meaning the same way i did. it’s not genius book. it is not the masterpiece. not the greatest one. it’s just good, and that’s the whole point of this book.
“games people play: the basic handbook of transactional analysis” by eric berne
this book is a storehouse of examples, all of them are fascinating. it opens the door to the world of science, it’s all truth. as soon as you remember and understand the meaning of each game, you’ll learn to notice them in real life: from your relatives, colleagues and managers. you’ll lay your hands on powerful weapon, and it’s going to be nuclear-powered.
you’ll get to know the script your life is based on, as well as lives of others. you’ll learn which beliefs are leading your life. why does it happen the way it happens? with this book, you’ll have the understanding of goals, priorities of behaviors and, most important of all, ways out of situations, so you won’t get trapped.
don’t expect to read it wholeheartedly at once, get your patience together. it’s worth it.
“the art of seduction: 48 laws of power” by robert green
do you like structured approach? do you have everything ordered right? then this book was made for you. facts, historical examples, names of famous people, aphorisms, fables, everything is here.
laws? these are sorted from basic (casual level) to complicated ones (authority level). every law has a base, each one is clearly reasoned. you’ll learn how to “be a friend and act like a spy”, “to be able to plot” and the method of “trojan horse”…
if you chose the path of manipulator and you don’t really care about morals or ethics, this book will prove itself more than a hundred per cent profitable for you. if you don’t have this goal, you’ll just get smarter and more attractive to those around you, since you can show off some new knowledge and dodge a few bullets here and there.
oh, and something else. unlike the majority of books, you can start reading this one from any chapter, not just from the beginning.
natalia iskortseva, staff director at tut.by
“first, break all the rules: what the world’s greatest managers do” by marcus buckingham
i’ve read this book while i was sent on business trips for “hilti” in 2010. at that time, there was no translated version. i noted some of the quotes to my diary, but later i found it in russian and bought as at for my husband.
this book is a good addition for “from good to great”, the bible of management, meaning that with all vast variety of businesses and cultures there are common points that unite top managers but differentiate them from the common good leaders. with all that in mind, the base of the book is built upon not one opinion, and not even one super-human point of view, but 25-year developments of gallup university – the one that is responsible for 12 questions for studies of employee satisfaction that is used by employers all around the globe.
with all that, the book is written in such a way you want to read it and start doing something. you want to learn middle management, for instance. or you want to search for people, attract talents and hire right people, remembering that “who” is before “what”.
you should work on your skills and keep in mind that you are on the stage every day – even on days when you hide behind your pc with the headache, even if something goes wrong. you should develop the best ones, based on their advantages and strong qualities.
now, looking back, i guess it was the starting point of my coaching career: it was the starting point for growing and establishing features that this exact person has.
“the art of systems thinking: essential skills for creativity and problem solving paperback” by joseph o’connor
i started reading this book mostly because of the author: i was studying his methods of coaching in icc. yes, it’s not the simplest book and, probably, not for everyone. i remembered my five years of philosophy school: you read and feel how your brain gears are working.
what do team spirit, interest on bank accounts and employee appreciation have in common? what distinguishes all of the above from forming teams, air conditioning systems, vehicle driving, customer care and leadership? and it also clearly states the differences between mental models, the missing piece i was looking for myself.
long story short: this book is a bunch of words and schematics telling you that systems are around us, within us. it also tells us that the solution is often not where we expect it to be and reminds us about weight of decisions, including consequences. the book tells you that in order to understand something – why it works this way and not another – it’s important to look into new direction.
“mavericks at work: why the most original minds in business win paperback” by william c. taylor and polly g. labarre
with this book, i’ve added one more word to my personal vocabulary – “maverick”. and, with it, the interest in cirque du soleil came into my life: not as much as “performance” but more as “creativity without compromise” – that one key factor that makes this circus so special and successful.
cranium united all my family and friends through board games that filled my home. this corporate principle of “going beyond” got tangible, necessary and incredibly addictive.
while i was reading this book, i hunted the warlike spirit together with southwest; i walked the “hot hall” of sei; i measured the time budget of the incredibles with stickers i had from fruit ice cream; i reached the “otherworld” intelligence together with p&g; i searched the hidden meanings in hbo shows and movies; i replied to question “was this day worth living?” leaving pakhius office. years go by, and keep asking myself this question when i get back home from work.
denis gurlenya, ceo / founder at fox hunt
“russian lessons of japanese koan” by vladimir tarasov
there are a lot of books i would recommend to colleagues but this one is the first in the line. it has seriously affected my views and made me look differently at work, responsibilities, partners; it pushed me towards searching answers to many questions, thereby learning something new.
i would recommend this book to hr managers because it brings together views of human resources directors, leaders, employers and employees. it’s not about recruiting, motivation, onboarding or any other hrm functions, but it’s about management and business as a whole.
the thing is that now hr specialists begin to realize that you need to change the style of work to get effective results. you need to become some kind of conductor for business strategy regarding employees management – and this requires the understanding of the needs that senior managers, shareholders, business owners have. there is a lot of talk on this subject but, unfortunately, little has been done. if you ask me, this job requires forming right system of values.
“built to last: successful habits of visionary” by jim collins and jerry porras
this book had influence on many western entrepreneurs and managers. it’s about how some good companies become great businesses. i can support the claim that it seriously executives.
there is another best-selling book i would like to mention.
you can say it’s the classics of management books i’ve read with great interest.
“in search of excellence: lessons from america’s best-run companies” by thomas j. peters and robert h., jr. waterman
it analyzes the key principles of success and management practices used by american entrepreneurs, as well as eight factors of success or principles for building the successful businesses.
this book is a must-read, same as “built to last”.
amina adigova, business coach, hr business partner at melesta games
kurt vonnegut once said: “if i could offer you only one tip for the future, sunscreen would be it. the long-term benefits of sunscreen have been proved by scientists, whereas the rest of my advice has no basis more reliable than my own meandering experience.” at the end of the day, any book is an author’s priceless experience on how to behave in different situations that may never happen again.
a lot was written about the ineffectiveness of the “contactless” or online education, or that many skills can only be trained through practice and real experience. i tend to agree. moreover, we gain only knowledge through reading, but the real experience moves from one person to another. even the lists of “soft skills” that may prove useful in next 5 years consist of skills that can be learned only through interpersonal communication.
it’s more like it was mentioned by inna karnei (tedxniamiha license holder) in her article called “survivors’ mistakes”:
“it’s hard to avoid this irresistible desire to understand the success by pieces, and, just like a crow, steal the shiniest pieces back to your nest. you look at bright side of your success, looking for clues. everyone loves when people are speaking out loud about their misfortunes, and how they survived them despite everything. it’s a pity that you rarely gain directions on what not to do or what to avoid. that’s because these people onstage don’t know this themselves. such information gets lost along with people who didn’t make it through misfortunes, who didn’t get to magazines covers. these people won’t get invited to address the speech on inaugurations, while their students are absorbing their words as the source of holy wisdom.”
in my trainings and articles, i recommend to watch and learn how people think and make decisions, how they make a choice. knowing this basics, you can build the successful career in almost any field.
that’s why every time anyone asks me to recommend a good book to become great hr manager, i’m left puzzled. this is because if you are really troubled by some kind of problem, everything around you becomes the solution.
with all that, i have the author i keep coming back to. his name is vladimir tarasov, he is the founder of tallin management school and author of well-known “executive fights”. i didn’t get the chance to cooperate with him, he was harder to get working with that adizes (that’s why we invited him), but i recommend his books anyway.
“the art of executive struggle” got quoted many times. the book itself is built upon ancient chinese military tactics. you “listen holding your breath afraid of leaving out a single piece”, because it combines local features of traditional management multiplied by author’s huge personal experience.
that’s what this book is about. about art. not about struggle. it’s telling how understanding grows into knowledge, knowledge grows into ability, and ability becomes skill. it’s about control without control, but more on moving your opponent towards desired decision. it’s telling you that you can’t jump the gap on 99%. it’s telling you how to move the fight for roles to the dimension of fighting for resources. it’s telling you that the most useless type of fight is fighting for past where you can’t fix anything at all. it’s telling you that your solution is always behind the problem itself. it’s about building your world and helping others to build one for themselves. and it’s telling you that sometimes escape is the best strategy.
tarasov says that there are three stages in every learning process:
non-critical. to get the data on the level of knowledge, you need to approach it with non-critical trust. become its sincerest fan! gain the moral right to spread it further! all of those missing the first stage, become half-educated. whoever gets stuck in it becomes the zombie.
structurally-critical. in order to accept the learning on the level of understanding, you should approach it constructively critical with the desire to improve it, to eliminate its internal contradictions and inconsistencies facts, to give it harmony and beauty. whoever passes this stage become the defector, and the one who gets stuck on it – he stays the eternal student.
destructive-critical. in order to learn on the level of overcoming, you have to find the limits of this learning, its inability to develop further without a radical overhaul. you have to raze it to the ground and to identify useful elements for the construction of other, more advanced exercises. whoever starts from this stage, while skipping the first and second, is ignorant one. anyone who passes all three stages with consistency becomes a successor.
don’t turn into zombie, keep learning and moving forward.
i prefer to think of books as the ultimate tools for expanding the consciousness, and i envy everyone who has yet to be acquainted with any of books, authors, articles, comic books and other sources that are sometimes just good as the path to “right” answers. but what’s more important is that you continue to raise questions.
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jʊr ˈbraʊzər dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ˈvɪdioʊ hir tɪ vju ərˈɪʤənəl ˈmɛni ɪkˈweɪt ðə ˈprɪnər ɛz biɪŋ ðə ˈərliəst fɔrm əv ə ˈriˌllaɪf trænˈspɔrtər, ɪf ju prɪˈfər tɪ gɪt jʊr saɪəns frəm stɑr trɛk. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət jʊr nɑt ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈmuvɪŋ ən ˈɑbʤɛkt frəm pɔɪnt ə tɪ pɔɪnt bi, jʊr ʤɪst kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈdupləˌkeɪt ˈsəmˌwɛr ɛls. soʊ "ˈskɑti" maɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli bi ðə nɛkst stɛp ɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ə ˈwərkɪŋ trænˈspɔrtər, sɪns ɪt goʊz ðə ˈɛkstrə maɪl tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɑbʤɛkt. dɪˈvɛləpt æt ðə hasso-plattner-institut*, ˈskɑti ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli meɪd frəm ə pɛr əv ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪtərs ðət hæv bɪn ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ə ˈmɪlɪŋ məˈʃin, ə ˈkæmərə, ənd ɛnˈkrɪpʃən ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ðət əˈlaʊz ðə pɛr əv ˈprɪnərz tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt sɪˈkjʊrli. ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt biɪŋ sɛnt ɪz pleɪst ɪn wən əv ðə ˈprɪnərz, wɪʧ ˈjuzɪz ɪts ˈkæmərə tɪ snæp ən ˈɪmɪʤ frəm ˈoʊvərˈhɛd. ðə ˈɪmɪʤ ɪz ˈænəˌlaɪzd ənd sɛnt tɪ ðə ˈəðər ˈprɪnər, wɪʧ kriˈeɪts ɪts fərst θɪn leɪər. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt wət meɪks ðiz ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd ˈprɪnərz juˈnik ɪz ðət ðə ˈsɛndər məˈʃin ðɛn ˈjuzɪz ə mɪl tɪ graɪnd əˈweɪ ə θɪn leɪər əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɑbʤɛkt biɪŋ sɛnt, wɪʧ ɪt ðɛn ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs ənd ˈænəˌlaɪzɪz əˈgɛn tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ðə ˈdætə fər ðə nɛkst leɪər tɪ bi ɔn ðə ˈəðər məˈʃin. ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs kənˈtɪnjuz ənˈtɪl ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪz kəmˈplitli mɪld əˈweɪ, ˈlivɪŋ ˈoʊnli ðə ˈkɑpi ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd məˈʃin. vˌwɑˈlɑ, ɪts bɪn teleported*. ðə kˈwɑləti əv ðə ˈkɑpi ˈɪzənt ˈpərˌfɪkt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər. ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈsɪmpli ˈfoʊtəˌgræfɪŋ ən ˈɑbʤɛkt, leɪər baɪ leɪər, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈskænɪŋ ɪt ɪn fərst, rɪˈzəlts ɪn ðə ˌriˈloʊkeɪtɪd ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈlʊkɪŋ kaɪnd əv laɪk ə ˈfoʊtoʊˌkɑpi əv ə ˈfoʊtoʊˌkɑpi. ðə ˈskɑti ˈsɪstəm wɪl nid tɪ bi ˈfərðər rɪˈfaɪnd wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ haʊ ɪt ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts ðə ˈkɑpi ɔn ðə ˈəðər ɛnd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛniˌwən ˈsɪriəsli ɛmˈbreɪsɪz ɪt. bət ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪz ˈdɛfənətli hir. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈskɑtiz kriˈeɪtərz ˌɪˈmæʤən ðə ˈsɛˌtəp biɪŋ ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt tul fər ˈpipəl baɪɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ɔn ˈiˌbeɪ, bət nɑt ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ weɪt ə wik fər ɪt tɪ əraɪv ɪn ðə meɪl. ðə ˈpərʧəst ˈɑbʤɛkt kʊd bi skænd ənd dɪˈstrɔɪd baɪ ðə ˈsɛlər, ˈlivɪŋ ʤɪst ðə ˈdupləˌkeɪt ðət ˌɪnstənˈtæniəsli əraɪvz ˈviə ðə baɪərz ˈprɪnər. ɪt kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlp sɑlv ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ənd kˈwɛsʧənz əv ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ðət hæv bɪn reɪzd wɪθ ðə ˈædˌvɛnt əv ˈprɪnərz. ðə mˈjuzɪk ˈɪndəstri wɑz əp ɪn ɑrmz wɪn ˈnæpstər əraɪvd, ɛz ɪt əˈlaʊd ˈjuzərz tɪ ʃɛr ˈɪnfənət ˈkɑpiz əv ə sɔŋ fər fri. ənd waɪl ju kænt ʤɪst ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ənd prɪnt ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ən ˈaɪˌfoʊn ʤɪst jɛt, ðɛr ər kənˈsərnz ðət ɛz ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi məˈʧʊrz, ðət kʊd wən deɪ bi ə ˌriˈæləˌti. bət wɪθ ðə ˈskɑti ˈsɪstəm ɪn pleɪs, ˈɛndləs ˈkɑpiz ˈɑrənt ə ˈprɑbləm. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ saɪəns ə ˌriˈæləˌti, ðə ˈskɑti ˈkɑnsɛpt saʊnz laɪk ɪts ə stɛp ɪn ðə raɪt dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. ənd waɪl ˈfɛˈdɛks ənd əps ˈprɑbəˌbli doʊnt hæv tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt biɪŋ səˈplæntəd jɛt, ɛz ðiz ˈrisərʧərz rɪˈfaɪn ðɛr kriˈeɪʃən, ðɛrz hoʊp ðət ˈfɪlɪŋ aʊt ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd maɪt wən deɪ bi ə θɪŋ əv ðə pæst. [ˈstɛfəni mˈjulər ˈskɑti]
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many equate the 3d printer as being the earliest form of a real-life teleporter—or transporter, if you prefer to get your science from star trek. the only problem is that you're not actually moving an object from point a to point b, you're just creating a duplicate somewhere else. so "scotty" might actually be the next step in developing a working transporter, since it goes the extra mile to destroy the original object.
developed at the hasso-plattner-institut, scotty is actually made from a pair of off-the-shelf makerbot replicators that have been modified to include a 3-axis milling machine, a camera, and encryption hardware that allows the pair of 3d printers to communicate securely.
the object being sent is placed in one of the 3d printers, which uses its camera to snap an image from overhead. the image is analyzed and sent to the other 3d printer, which creates its first thin layer.
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what makes these modified 3d printers unique is that the sender machine then uses a mill to grind away a thin layer of the original object being sent, which it then photographs and analyzes again to generate the data for the next layer to be 3d-printed on the other machine. this process continues until the original object is completely milled away, leaving only the 3d-printed copy in the second machine. voila, it's been teleported.
the quality of the copy isn't perfect, however. the process of simply photographing an object, layer by layer, instead of scanning it in 3d first, results in the relocated object looking kind of like a photocopy of a photocopy. the scotty system will need to be further refined when it comes to how it generates the copy on the other end before anyone seriously embraces it. but the potential is definitely here.
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scotty's creators imagine the setup being the perfect tool for people buying something on ebay, but not wanting to wait a week for it to arrive in the mail. the purchased object could be scanned and destroyed by the seller, leaving just the duplicate that instantaneously arrives via the buyer's 3d printer.
it could also help solve problems with copyright and questions of ownership that have been raised with the advent of 3d printers. the music industry was up in arms when napster arrived, as it allowed users to share infinite copies of a song for free. and while you can't just download and 3d print yourself something like an iphone just yet, there are concerns that as the technology matures, that could one day be a reality. but with the scotty system in place, endless copies aren't a problem.
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when it comes to making science fiction's teleporters a reality, the scotty concept sounds like it's a step in the right direction. and while fedex and ups probably don't have to worry about being supplanted yet, as these researchers refine their creation, there's hope that filling out complicated waybills might one day be a thing of the past. [stefanie mueller - scotty]
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ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈhɑki lig saʊnz ˈizi ɪˈnəf wɪn ju ər ə ˈhaɪli ˈlɔdɪd ˈprɑspɛkt wɪθ krəˈdɛnʃəlz aʊt ðə wazoo*. ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti, ðə ˈpæθˌweɪ fər ðiz pleɪərz ɪz peɪvd wɪθ hɑrd wərk ənd ənˈnoʊn ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈprɛʃər. kəˈləmbəs blu ˈʤækɪts 2016 fərst raʊnd pɪk duˈbɔɪs wɑz səˈlɛktɪd θərd ˈoʊvərˌɔl ɪn ðə dræft ənd wɑz kət æt ðə ɛnd əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmp. groʊɪŋ frəm pæst ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ɪz ki tɪ goʊɪŋ daʊn ðə raɪt dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛnəl pæθ. "aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ə lɔt əv gaɪz ər ˈhæpi wɪn ðeɪ gɪt kət," sɛd duˈbɔɪs. bət ɪt ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈlərnɪŋ. əm stɪl jəŋ ənd aɪ keɪm bæk tɪ ˈʤunjərz ənd hæd ə lɔt əv əps ənd daʊnz læst jɪr." duˈbɔɪs həz goʊlz fər ðɪs ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈsizən ənd nən əv ðɛm ər ˈsɛntərd əraʊnd goʊɪŋ bæk tɪ ðə əˈgɛn. "seɪm ɛz læst jɪr (maɪ goʊlz) ər tɪ meɪk ðə tim," duˈbɔɪs ɪkˈspleɪnd. "aɪ min ðɪs ˈsəmər ɪz ˈrɪli ˈdɪfərənt fər mi frəm læst ˈsəmər. aɪ doʊnt hæv ðə dræft, aɪ doʊnt hæv ðə ˈkɑmbaɪn, aɪ doʊnt hæv ɔl ðə stəf ðət kəmz wɪθ ðə dræft. ɪts goʊɪŋ tɪ bi mɔr əv ə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈsəmər, mɔr rɪˈlækst ənd gɪt ˈrɛdi fər kæmp." ɪt ʃʊd ˈoʊnli bi meɪd ˈiziər baɪ ðə fækt ðət ðə blu ˈʤækɪts lɔst ˈwɪljəm ˈkɑrlsən ɪn ðə ɪkˈspænʧən dræft ənd wɪl nid tɪ fɪl ðə spɑt wɪθ ə ˈsɛnər, ˈiðər ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ər aʊt əv ɪt. "ˈwɛðər ɪt wɑz ɪm (ˈkɑrlsən) ər ˈɛnibədi ɛls, aɪ θɪŋk tɪ meɪk ðə tim ju hæv tɪ meɪk jʊr weɪ ɪn," ˈnoʊtɪd duˈbɔɪs. "ˈwɛðər ɪts, aɪ doʊnt wɔnt tɪ bi min bət ˈpʊʃɪŋ ˈsəmˌbɑdi aʊt bət aɪ min ju hæv tɪ meɪk jʊr pleɪs." ˈhɑki ɪz ə təf ˈbɪznɪs ənd duˈbɔɪs ˈriəˌlaɪzɪz ɪt. ˈwɛðər ər nɑt hi meɪks ðə tim, wɪl bi ˈəndər hɪz kənˈtroʊl. hi ˈɪzənt ðə ˈoʊnli jəŋ pleɪər traɪɪŋ tɪ meɪk ən ˌɪmˈpækt kəm ɑkˈtoʊbər. ˈoʊnli θri mɔr mənθs ənˈtɪl ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ naɪt ˈrɑstər ɪz sɛt. ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən wɪl bi fɪrs ənd duˈbɔɪs ʃʊd bi raɪt ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ɪt ɔl.
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making the national hockey league sounds easy enough when you are a highly lauded prospect with credentials out the wazoo.
in reality, the pathway for these players is paved with hard work and unknown internal pressure.
columbus blue jackets 2016 first round pick pierre-luc dubois was selected third overall in the draft and was cut at the end of training camp.
growing from past experiences is key to going down the right developmental path.
"i don't think a lot of guys are happy when they get cut," said dubois. but it is all about learning. i'm still young and i came back to juniors and had a lot of ups and downs last year."
dubois has goals for this upcoming season and none of them are centered around going back to the qmjhl again.
"same as last year (my goals) are to make the team," dubois explained. "i mean this summer is really different for me from last summer. i don't have the draft, i don't have the combine, i don't have all the stuff that comes with the draft. it's going to be more of a training summer, more relaxed and get ready for camp."
it should only be made easier by the fact that the blue jackets lost william karlsson in the nhl expansion draft and will need to fill the spot with a center, either inside the organization or out of it.
"whether it was him (karlsson) or anybody else, i think to make the team you have to make your way in," noted dubois. "whether it's, i don't want to be mean but pushing somebody out but i mean you have to make your place."
hockey is a tough business and dubois realizes it. whether or not he makes the team, will be under his control. he isn't the only young player trying to make an impact come october.
only three more months until the opening night roster is set. competition will be fierce and dubois should be right in the middle of it all.
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ðə ˈsupər boʊl ɪz ʤɪst 48 deɪz əˈweɪ. lʊk æt ðə ˈsupər boʊl frəm 48 jɪrz əˈgoʊ tɪ ˈɑnər ðɪs nɑt ðət sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əˈkeɪʒən! nu ˌɔˈrlinz wɑz ðə hoʊm əv ˈsupər boʊl iv*. ðə geɪm wɑz pleɪd ɪn ˈeɪnʧənt tuˈleɪn ˈsteɪdiəm ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 11 1970 ðə geɪm ˈpɪtɪd ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈʧæmpiən ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ˈvaɪkɪŋz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti ʧifs əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfʊtˌbɔl lig. ðɪs geɪm wɑz hɪˈstɔrɪk fər ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈrizənz. bət, ɪt wɑz ə ˈlændˌmɑrk əˈfɛr du tɪ ɪt biɪŋ ðə læst geɪm ɪn ˈhɪstəri. ðə ˈmərʤər wɑz sɛt tɪ teɪk ˈifɛkt fər ðə 1970 ˈsizən. ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf ðə jets’*’ ˈvɪktəri ɪn ˈsupər boʊl iii*, ðə wɑz ˈkɑnfədənt waɪl ˈveɪgəs rɪˈmeɪnd ˈskɛptɪkəl. hɛns, ðə vaɪks wər ˌɪnˈstɔld ɛz ə ˈfeɪvərɪt. ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ˈvaɪkɪŋz 48 jɪrz əˈgoʊ bəd ˈvaɪkɪŋz wər ˈvərʧuəli ˌənˈbitəbəl ɪn ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl pleɪ ɪn 1969 ðeɪ ˈfɪnɪʃt ɪn əˈfɛns ənd dɪˈfɛns ənd ˈrætəld ɔf ə ˈwɪnɪŋ strik. ðə bɛst pleɪər ɪn ɔl əv ˈfʊtˌbɔl æt ðə taɪm, ˈælən peɪʤ, ˈæŋkərd ðɛr ˈpaʊərfəl dɪˈfɛnsɪv laɪn. ˈlɛʤəndz ʤɪm ˈmɑrʃəl, kɑrl ˈɛlər ənd pɔl krɔs ʤɔɪnd peɪʤ ɔn ðə dɪˈfɛns wɪʧ wɑz noʊn ɛz ðə people-eaters.”*.” ðeɪ ˈjildɪd ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 133 pɔɪnts ˈoʊvər 14 geɪmz. ðə əˈfɛns wɑz ʤɪst ɛz spɛkˈtækjələr ðət ˈsizən lɛd baɪ kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ʤoʊ kæp. kæp, ə cfl-transplant*, rɪˈkɔrdɪd baɪ fɑr hɪz bɛst kæmˈpeɪn ɪn ðə lig ɪn 1969 ənd wən ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl mvp*. ɔn əˈfɛns, ðə vaɪks pʊt əp ˈoʊvər 50 pɔɪnts ɔn θri ˈdɪfərənt ɔˈkeɪʒənz. bət, ðeɪ wər nɑt ˈflæʃi. ðeɪ wər ɔl əˈbaʊt brut fɔrs ənd paʊər. ðət staɪl wɑz ɔn dɪˈspleɪ ɪn ðɛr ˈfrɪʤəd hoʊm pleɪɔf geɪmz. ðeɪ sərˈvaɪvd dɪˈspaɪt ə ˈvæljənt ˈɛfərt baɪ ʤɑn ɪn ðə dɪˈvɪʒənəl raʊnd. ðɛn, ðeɪ krəʃt ðə braʊnz. ðəs, ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ərnd ðɛr fərst ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp. ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti ʧifs 48 jɪrz əˈgoʊ ðɛr əˈpoʊnənts frəm ðə wər ðə ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti ʧifs. ðə ʧifs ˈaʊˌtlæstɪd ðə dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ʤɛts ɪn ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp geɪm ˈæftər ˈhoʊldɪŋ ɔf ˈoʊklənd ɪn ðə ˈwɛstərn dɪˈvɪʒən. sɪns ðɛr əˈpɪrəns ɪn ˈsupər boʊl aɪ, ðeɪ hæd ˈædɪd ˈwɪli ləˈnɪr ənd ˈkərli kəlp. ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛntli, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðɛr waɪd ˈoʊpən əˈfɛns, ðeɪ naʊ pəˈzɛst pərˈhæps ðə ˈgreɪtəst dɪˈfɛns ɪn ˈhɪstəri. ʧifs ˈklɪrli suˈpɪriər boʊθ timz muvd ðə bɔl wɛl ˈərli ˈeɪdɪd baɪ ˈtərˌnoʊvərz ənd ˈpɛnəltiz. ɔn fərst pəˈzɛʃən, grænt ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd əˈgɛnst ə fild goʊl əˈtɛmpt. ðə ʧifs, ɔn ðɛr ˈɛnsuɪŋ draɪv, ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd fər əˈtɛmptɪŋ ə fild goʊl baɪ fˈjuʧər hɔl əv ˈfeɪmər ʤæn stenerud*. ənd, hi neɪld ɪt ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə lɛd. tu fild goʊlz ənd tu ˈfəmbəlz ˈleɪtər, ðə ʧifs wər ɪn praɪm pəˈzɪʃən tɪ teɪk ə kəˈmændɪŋ lɛd. ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl fɪlmz ˈfeɪməsli rɪˈkɔrdɪd chiefs’*’ koʊʧ hæŋk stræm kɔl ðə nɛkst pleɪ: tɔs paʊər trap!”*!” ðə pleɪ wərkt ɛz maɪk ˈgɛrɪt ræn θru ə ˈgeɪpɪŋ hoʊl fər ˈtəʧˌdaʊn ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə ʧifs ə lɛd. ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ˈfaɪnəli skɔrd ɔn ðɛr fərst draɪv əv ðə ˈsɛkənd hæf wɪn deɪv ˈɔzˌbɔrn paʊərd hoʊm frəm ðə fɔr. bət, ðə ʧifs rɪˈspɑndɪd. frəm ðə vikings’*’ forty-six*, lɛn ˈdɔsən hɪt ˈoʊtɪs ˈteɪlər ɔn ə ʃɔrt aʊt. hi broʊk ə ˈtækəl. ənd, ðə rɛst ɪz ˈhɪstəri. ˈskæmpər daʊn ðə nɪr ˈsaɪˌdlaɪn stændz ɛz wən əv ðə ˈvɪntɪʤ ˈmoʊmənts əv ˈərli ˈsupər boʊl ˈhɪstəri. ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz, ɪt pʊt ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz əˈweɪ fər gʊd. ðə taɪd ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl æt tu wɪnz əˈpis. hɛns, ðə chiefs’*’ ˌdɪsˈmæntlɪŋ əv ðə ˈmaɪti ˈvaɪkɪŋz pruvd ðət ðɛr ˈdɛfənətli wɑz ˈpɛrəti. 1970 wʊd ˈəʃər ɪn ə nu ˈɪrə əv proʊ ˈfʊtˌbɔl. ðɛr wər tu ˈkɑnfərənsəz fɔrmd: ðə nfc*. iʧ ˈkɑnfərəns hæd θri dɪˈvɪʒənz. soʊ, ðə koʊlts, braʊnz ənd ˈstilərz hæd tɪ muv frəm ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl tɪ ðə tɪ ˈivɪn θɪŋz aʊt. ðə ʧifs hæv nɑt rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðə ˈsupər boʊl sɪns ðət greɪt ˈvɪktəri. contrariwise*, ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə rɪˈtərnd θri taɪmz ˈoʊnli tɪ luz ɔl əv ðoʊz. təˈmɑˌroʊ, wi wɪl teɪk ə lʊk æt ˈsupər boʊl vi ˈɑkə ˈbləndər bowl.”*.” ˈbrændən ɪz ə ˈsupər boʊl
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the super bowl is just 48 days away. let’s look at the super bowl from 48 years ago to honor this not that significant occasion!
new orleans was the home of super bowl iv. the game was played in ancient tulaneadium on january 11, 1970. the game pitted the nfl champion minnesota vikings against the kansas city chiefs of the american football league. this game was historic for a number of reasons. but, it was a landmark affair due to it being the last game in afl history. the merger was set to take effect for the 1970 season. coming off the jets’ victory in super bowl iii, the afl was confident while vegas remained skeptical. hence, the vikes were installed as a double-digit favorite.
minnesota vikings 48 years ago
bud grant’s vikings were virtually unbeatable in nfl play in 1969. they finished 1st in offense and defense and rattled off a 12-game winningreak. the best player in all of football at the time, alan page, anchored their powerful defensive line. legends jim marshall, carl eller and paul krause joined page on the defense which was known as the “purple people-eaters.” they yielded a total of 133 points over 14 games.
the offense was just as spectacular that season led by quarterback joe kapp. kapp, a cfl-transplant, recorded by far his best campaign in the league in 1969 and won nfl mvp. on offense, the vikes put up over 50 points on three different occasions. but, they were not flashy. they were all about brute force and power. thatyle was on display in their frigid home playoff games. they survived despite a valiant effort by john brodie’s 49ers in the divisional round. then, they crushed the browns. thus, minnesota earned their first nfl championship.
kansas city chiefs 48 years ago
their opponents from the afl were the kansas city chiefs. the chiefs outlasted the defending world-champion jets in the afl championship game after holding off oakland in the western division. since their appearance in super bowl i, they had added willie lanier and curley culp. consequently, in addition to their wide open offense, they now possessed perhaps the greatest defense in afl history.
chiefs clearly superior
both teams moved the ball well early aided by turnovers and penalties. on minnesota’s first possession, grant decided against a 46-yard field goal attempt. the chiefs, on their ensuing drive, decided for attempting a 48-yard field goal by future hall of famer janenerud. and, he nailed it giving kc the 3-0 lead. two field goals and two fumbles later, the chiefs were in prime position to take a commanding lead. nfl films famously recorded chiefs’ coach hankram call the next play: “65 toss power trap!” the play worked as mike garrett ran through a gaping hole for touchdown giving the chiefs a 16-0 lead.
minnesota finally scored on their first drive of the second half when dave osborn powered home from the four. but, the chiefs responded. from the vikings’ forty-six, len dawson hit otis taylor on a short out. he broke a tackle. and, the rest is history. taylor’s scamper down the near sidelineands as one of the vintage moments of early super bowl history. likewise, it put the vikings away for good.
the afl tied the nfl at two wins apiece. hence, the chiefs’ dismantling of the mighty vikings proved that there definitely was league-wide parity.
1970 would usher in a new era of pro football. there were two conferences formed: the afc & nfc. each conference had three divisions. so, the colts, browns andeelers had to move from the nfl to the afc to even things out.
the chiefs have not returned to the super bowl since that great victory. contrariwise, minnesota returned three times only to lose all of those.
tomorrow, we will take a look at super bowl v aka “the blunder bowl.”
brandon fazzolari is a super bowl expert…@spot_bills
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fər ɔl ɪts bɪˈwɪldərɪŋ əreɪ əv ˈdætə, ˈkrɪkɪt stəˈtɪstɪks stɪl həz ə fju blaɪnd spɑts. wən əv ðə moʊst ˈɑbviəs ɪz ɪn ðə ˈɛriə əv mɪst ˈʧænsɪz, wɛr ðɛr hæv bɪn fju ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈstədiz. ˈʤɛrəld ɪn nɛkst mæn ɪn ˈmɛnʃənd ðət ˌstætəˈstɪʃən ˈkæmbəl ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət 30 əv ˈkæʧɪz wər mɪst ɪn tɛsts ɪn ðə 1920s*. aɪ hæv sin ə ˈfɪgjər əv mɔr ðən 30 drɑpt ˈkæʧɪz baɪ wɛst ˈɪndiz ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə ɪn ə tim pleɪgd baɪ pur ˈfildɪŋ. bət ˈrɪli ˈbeɪsɪk kˈwɛsʧənz laɪk "ˈoʊvərˌɔl, wət pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈʧænsɪz ər drɑpt?" læk ˈænsərz. fər ə ˈnəmbər əv jɪrz aɪ hæv kəˈlɛktəd ɔl ðə mɪst ˈʧænsɪz aɪ kʊd faɪnd ɪn tɛksts fər tɛst ˈmæʧɪz. sɪns ðə saɪt dɪz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz juz ˈstændərd tərmz tɪ dɪˈskraɪb mɪst ˈʧænsɪz, ənd ˈdɪfərənt ˈkɑmənˌteɪtərz hæv ðɛr oʊn weɪz əv ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz, aɪ sərʧt ðə tɛkst fər 40 ər mɔr wərdz ənd ˈfreɪzɪz ðət maɪt ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ə mɪs, frəm "drɔp" ənd "ˈdɑli" tɪ "ʃɛl", "græs" ənd "hæʃ". ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈʤɛnərəli flægd əˈbaʊt 100 tɪ 200 laɪnz ɪn ðə ˈkɑmənˌtɛri fər iʧ tɛst, wɪʧ aɪ ðɛn sərʧt ˈmænjuəli tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ril ˈʧænsɪz. fər səm tɛsts, aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈfərmd ˈdætə baɪ ˈʧɛkɪŋ mæʧ rɪˈpɔrts ənd ˈəðər ˈsɔrsəz. waɪl ðə ˈkɑmənˌtɛri goʊz bæk tɪ 1999 ðə ˈtɛksˌʧuəl ˈditeɪl kən bi ˈpæʧi ɪn ðə ˈərli jɪrz. aɪ lɔgd mɪst ˈʧænsɪz frəm leɪt 2000 ˈɑnwərdz, bət kənˈsɪdər ðət ˈdætə tɪ bi səbˈstænʃəli kəmˈplit ˈoʊnli frəm 2003 aɪ hæv kəmˈpaɪld ə lɪst əv ˈoʊvər 4000 mɪst ˈʧænsɪz ɪn tɛsts frəm ðɪs ˈsɛnʧəri; əˈbaʊt ə θərd əv ɔl tɛsts 635 ər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd. ˈgæðərɪŋ ˈdætə fər drɑpt ˈkæʧɪz ɪz ˈʧælənʤɪŋ sɪns ðɛr ər noʊ ˈstændərd ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃənz fər wət kən bi kənˈsɪdərd ə ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ʧæns əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs ˌənəˈvɔɪdəbli, ðɛr ər ˈkeɪviˌæts. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz əˈpɪnjənz meɪ ˈvɛri ɛz tɪ ˈwɛðər ə ʧæns ʃʊd bi kənˈsɪdərd ə mɪs. aɪ teɪk ə hɑrd laɪn: "hæf", "ˈtɛknɪkəl" ənd "ˌækəˈdɛmɪk" ˈʧænsɪz ər ˌɪnˈkludɪd, ənd aɪ traɪ tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ˈɛni ˈʧænsɪz wɛr ðə ˈfildər feɪld tɪ təʧ ðə bɔl bət ʃʊd hæv dən soʊ, ɪf ðeɪ kən bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd. ˈɛʤɪz ˈpæsɪŋ bɪtˈwin ðə ənd fərst slɪp ər kənˈsɪdərd ˈʧænsɪz ˈivɪn ɪf noʊ wən həz təʧt ðə bɔl. sɪns 2005 aɪ hæv dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈʧænsɪz ˈɪntu tu ˈkætəˌgɔriz, "ˈnɔrməl" ənd "ˈdɪfəkəlt", əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ haʊ ðeɪ ər dɪˈskraɪbd. əˈbaʊt hæf fɔl ˈɪntu iʧ ˈkætəˌgɔri. ðɛr wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ənˈsərtənti əˈbaʊt səm drɑpt ˈkæʧɪz, ɛz ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət səm ˈəðərz hæv bɪn ˈoʊvərˌlʊkt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðə kəˈlɛkʃən ˈmɛθəd ɪz ɛz kənˈsɪstənt ənd ɪgˈzɔstɪv ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl, aɪ wʊd ˈɑrgju ðət ə greɪt məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈmɪsɪz hæv bɪn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ənd ðət ðə ˈdætə kən bi ˈɪntu ˈjusfəl stəˈtɪstɪks. soʊ bæk tɪ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl kˈwɛʃən: haʊ ˈmɛni ˈʧænsɪz ər drɑpt? ðə ˈænsər ɪz əˈbaʊt one-quarter*; ˈtɪpɪkəli ˈsɛvən mɪst ˈʧænsɪz pər tɛst. hir ɪz ə ˈteɪbəl ʃoʊɪŋ mɪst ˈʧænsɪz baɪ ˈkəntri. pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈkæʧɪz ənd mɪst frəm 2003 tɪ 2015 ˈfildɪŋ tim nu ˈzilənd saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ ɔˈstreɪljə ˈɪŋglənd wɛst ˈɪndiz ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə ˈɪndiə ˈpækɪˌstæn zɪmˈbɑbweɪ ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə tɔp θri ˈkəntriz ɪn ðə læst faɪv jɪrz ɪz nɑt sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛr ər mɔr səbˈstænʃəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz daʊn ðə lɪst. ˈʤɛnərəli, ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ hæv hæd ðə ˈwikəst ˈkæʧɪŋ ˈrɛkərd sɪns ðeɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn tɛst ˈkrɪkɪt, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr ər ˈrisənt saɪnz əv ˌɪmˈpruvmənt. ˈəðər ˈkəntriz hæv hæd ˈfləkʧəˌweɪtɪŋ ˈfɔrʧənz. wɛst ˈɪndiz hæd ə mɪs reɪt əv ˈoʊvər 30 frəm 2003 tɪ 2009 bət hæv ˈtaɪtənd əp ðɛr geɪm ɪn ðə læst ˈkəpəl əv jɪrz. ˈɪndiə hæv sin ə reɪt əv 33 ɪn 2013 fɔl tɪ 23 ɪn 2015 ənd ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪmˈpruvd ðɛr ˈkæʧɪŋ sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ɪn ʤɪst ðə læst tu jɪrz. ɪn səm jɪrz, ˈkəntriz laɪk ɔˈstreɪljə, saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ ənd nu ˈzilənd hæv sin ðɛr reɪts drɔp bɪˈloʊ 20 ðə bɛst rɪˈzəlt wɑz baɪ saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ ɪn 2013 wɪn ðeɪ wər ðə noʊ. tim ɪn tɛsts. ɪn gʊd jɪrz, ðə prəˈpɔrʃən əv drɑpt ˈkæʧɪz ˈreɪtɪd ɛz "ˈdɪfəkəlt" ˈʤɛnərəli ˌɪnˈkrisɪz; gʊd timz stɪl mɪs ðə hɑrd wənz bət drɔp fjuər ˈizi wənz. ˈtɪpɪkəli, ˌtuˈθərdz əv ɔˈstreɪljəz mɪst ˈʧænsɪz ər ˈreɪtɪd ɛz ˈdɪfəkəlt, bət ðə seɪm əˈplaɪz tɪ ˈoʊnli ˌwənˈθərd əv ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃɪz mɪst ˈʧænsɪz. ðə ˈləki ɛz ə ˈɪnɪŋz ˈprɑˌgrɛsəz, ðə ɑdz əv ɪm ˈɔfərɪŋ ə ʧæns ˌɪnˈkris. əˈbaʊt 72 əv ˈriʧɪŋ 50 du soʊ wɪˈθaʊt ˈgɪvɪŋ ə ʧæns, bət ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ fər ɪz 56 ɪn ðə fərst 100 rənz. ˈoʊnli 33 əv ər ɪn ðə fərst 200 rənz. ðə haɪəst ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈɪnɪŋz ɪz 374 baɪ ɪn kəˈləmboʊ; 400 ɪn ænˈtigwə kənˈteɪnd ə ˈkəpəl əv "ˌækəˈdɛmɪk" ˈʧænsɪz. ɪts maɪ laɪf: geɪv ə lɔt əv ˈʧænsɪz waɪl ˈbætɪŋ bət ˈwəzənt ˈteɪkən əp ɔn ˈmɛni əv hɪz ˈɔfərz ðə moʊst ɪkˈspɛnsɪv mɪst ʧæns sɪns ðə stɑrt əv 2000 ɪz 297 rənz fər inzamam-ul-haq*, hu meɪd 329 ˈæftər biɪŋ mɪst ɔn 32 ɪn lɑˈhɔr ɪn 2002 hɪˈstɔrɪkəli ðɛr hæv bɪn mɔr ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈmɪsɪz: mɑrk ˈteɪlər 334 nɑt aʊt) wɑz drɑpt ɔn 18 ənd 27 baɪ sɑid ˈɑnwɑr, ənd ðɛr wɑz ə mɪst ˈstəmpɪŋ ɔn 40 fər lɛn ˈhətən 364 ɪn 1938 pərˈhæps ˈivɪn ˈləkiər wɑz kuˈmɑr sangakkara*, hu meɪd 270 ɪn ˈæftər biɪŋ drɑpt ɔn 0 ˈsæʧən wɑz drɑpt ɔn 0 wɪn hi meɪd hɪz haɪəst skɔr, 248 nɑt aʊt ɪn ˈdɑkə. maɪk ˈhəsi geɪv ə ˈpɑsəbəl ʧæns fərst bɔl æt ðə ɪn 2010 ənd wɛnt ɔn tɪ meɪk 195 græm guʧ wɑz ˈfeɪməsli drɑpt baɪ mɔr wɪn ɔn 36 æt lɔrdz ɪn 1990 hi wɛnt ɔn tɪ meɪk 333 ðə ˈdætə tərnz əp fɔr hu hæv bɪn drɑpt faɪv taɪmz ɪn ən ˈɪnɪŋz: wən wɑz ˈændi blignaut*, huz 84 nɑt aʊt ɪn hərˈɑri ɪn 2005 ˌɪnˈkludɪd ən ɪkˈstrimli rɛr əv drɑpt ˈkæʧɪz; kɑn wɑz ðə ənˈhæpi ˈboʊlər. (ðɛr wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə əv mɪst ˈʧænsɪz æt oʊld ˈtræfərd ɪn 1972 wɪn tu sərˈvaɪvd əˈgɛnst ʤɛf ˈɑrnəld.) ðə ˈəðərz hu hæv bɪn mɪst faɪv taɪmz ər ˈhæʃɪm 253 ɪn nagpur*, 2010 135 ɪn kɪts, 2011 ənd keɪn ˈwɪljəmsən 242 nɑt aʊt ɪn ˈwɛlɪŋtən, 2014 ˈnəθɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ˈsɛnʧəri kwaɪt ˈmæʧɪz ðə ˈsɛvən ər eɪt mɪst ˈkæʧɪz (rɪˈpɔrts ˈvɛri) ɔf ʤɔrʤ ˈbɑnər wɪn hi meɪd 87 ɪn ˈsɪdni ɪn 1883 ər sɪks ˈmɪsɪz ɔf bɪl ɪn hɪz 266 æt ðə ˈoʊvəl ɪn 1934 (ɛz rɪˈkɔrdɪd baɪ ˈvɛtərən ˈskɔrər bɪl ˈfərgəsən). haɪndz wɑz drɑpt twaɪs æt ðə ɪn 2000 ənd stɪl meɪd ə dək. ðə wɪθ moʊst ɪn ðə ˈstədi ˈpɪriəd ɪz, mɪst 68 taɪmz, ʤɪst wən əˈhɛd əv sangakkara*. əˈbaʊt 37 əv ðə ˈʧænsɪz ˈɔfərd wər drɑpt, wɪʧ ɪz wɛl əˈbəv ˈævərɪʤ ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli ə ˈtɛstəmənt tɪ ðə paʊər əv hɪz ˈhɪtɪŋ. ˈsæʧən ɪz drɑpt baɪ ˈsɑlɛh æt ˈsɪli ɪn ˈdɑkə, ɪn ðə ˈɪnɪŋz ɪn wɪʧ hi meɪd hɪz haɪəst tɛst skɔr, 248 ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz ðə ənˈləki ˈbrɔdli, spɪn ˈboʊlərz ˈsəfər mɔr frəm drɑpt ˈkæʧɪz ənd (əv kɔrs) mɪst. ˈʧænsɪz æt ʃɔrt lɛg, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ kɔt ənd boʊld, hæv ðə haɪəst mɪs reɪts əˈməŋ ˈfildɪŋ pəˈzɪʃənz, ənd ðiz pəˈzɪʃənz ˈhæpən tɪ ˈfiʧər mɔr ˈstrɔŋli əˈməŋ ˈspɪnərz' ˈwɪkəts ðən peɪs ˈboʊlərz'. ˈoʊvərˌɔl, 27 əv ˈʧænsɪz ɔf spɪn ˈboʊlərz ər mɪst, ɛz əˈgɛnst 23 əv ˈʧænsɪz ɔf peɪs ˈboʊlərz. ɪn ðə ˈstədi ˈpɪriəd, ðə ˈboʊlərz wɪθ ðə moʊst mɪst ˈʧænsɪz ɪn tɛsts ər sɪŋ 99 ənd ˈdeɪnɪʃ 93 həz hæd 26 ˈʧænsɪz mɪst æt ʃɔrt lɛg əˈloʊn. bɛr ɪn maɪnd ðət ðiz ˈboʊlərz' kərɪrz ər nɑt ˈfʊli ˈkəvərd; ðə ˈdætə fər əˈbaʊt 10 əv kərɪr ɪz nɑt əˈveɪləbəl tɪ analyse*. peɪs ˈboʊlərz wɪθ ðə moʊst ˈmɪsɪz, ɛz əv ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2016 ər ˈʤɪmi ˈændərsən 89 ənd stɔrt brɔd 85 spɛr ə θɔt fər ʤeɪmz tredwell*, hu həz pleɪd ˈoʊnli tu tɛsts bət ˈsəfərd tɛn mɪst ˈʧænsɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsɛvən ɔn ˈdeɪbju, ðə moʊst fər ˈɛni ˈboʊlər sɪns ðə stɑrt əv 2000 moʊst wər ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt, wɪθ θri əv ðɛm mɪst baɪ ðə ˈboʊlər hɪmˈsɛlf. ˈɔlsoʊ wərθ ˈmɛnʃənɪŋ ɪz ˌbɑˈbɑr, hu həz hæd 30 ˈʧænsɪz mɪst ɪn hɪz tɛst kərɪr ənd ˈoʊnli 28 ˈkæʧɪz (ənd) ˈteɪkən. æt ðə ˈəðər ɛnd əv ðə skeɪl, rəˈʃid həz hæd eɪt ˈkæʧɪz ˈteɪkən ɔf hɪz ˈboʊlɪŋ wɪθ noʊ ˈmɪsɪz (ɛz əv ˈɔgəst 2016 nil ˈwægnər əv nu ˈzilənd həz hæd ˈoʊnli ˈsɛvən ˈmɪsɪz aʊt əv 63 ˈʧænsɪz, ə reɪt əv 11 tu ˈboʊlərz hæv hæd ˈkæʧɪz mɪst ɔf ðɛr fərst bɔl ɪn tɛst ˈkrɪkɪt: ˈdeɪvɪd ˈwɔrnər (din ˈbraʊnli drɑpt baɪ ʤeɪmz ˈpætɪnsən, ˈbrɪzˌbeɪn, 2011 ənd sɪŋ ˈmælɪk drɑpt baɪ ˈkəmbəl,, 2006 ðɛr ɪz ən ˌɪnˈtrigɪŋ keɪs frəm 1990 əˈgɛnst wɛst ˈɪndiz ɪn lɑˈhɔr, tʊk fɔr ˈwɪkəts ɪn faɪv bɔlz: ˈdəbəlju, ˈdəbəlju, 1 ˈdəbəlju, ˈdəbəlju. ɪn ə sərˈvaɪvɪŋ scorebook*, ðə ˈsɪŋgəl, baɪ ˈiən ˈbɪʃəp, ɪz mɑrkt ɛz ə drɑpt kæʧ æt. ɪf soʊ, keɪm wɪˈθɪn ə hɛrz brɛdθ əv faɪv ˈwɪkəts ɪn faɪv bɔlz, sɪns ðə krɔst, ənd ˈbɪʃəp dɪd nɑt feɪs əˈgɛn. (wisden*, ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈnoʊtɪd, sɪz ðət ðə kæʧ wɑz aʊt əv riʧ.) ðə ˈgɪlti wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈkæʧɪŋ, səm pəˈzɪʃənz ər məʧ mɔr ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ðən ˈəðərz. ðət wɪl kəm ɛz noʊ səˈpraɪz, bət ˈpʊtɪŋ səm ˈnəmbərz tɪ ðɪs ɪz ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz. ðə ˈteɪbəl bɪˈloʊ ʃoʊz ðə mɪs reɪt fər ˈdɪfərənt fild pəˈzɪʃənz. ˈʧænsɪz baɪ pəˈzɪʃən (dɪˈsɛmbər 2008 tɪ ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2016 pəˈzɪʃən ˈʧænsɪz mɪst ˈkipər (kɔrt) 2188 15 ˈstəmpɪŋ 254 36 slɪp 2062 29 ˈgəli 404 30 θərd mæn 36 17 pɔɪnt 371 29 ˈkəvər 319 23 253 20 ˈboʊlər 378 47 340 22 455 23 ʃɔrt lɛg 518 38 skwɛr lɛg 286 19 faɪn lɛg 170 30 ðə haɪəst mɪs reɪts ər sin fər kɔt ənd boʊld, ənd fər ˈkæʧɪz æt ʃɔrt lɛg. ˈboʊlərz læk ðə ˈləgʒəri əv ˈsɛtɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz əp fər ˈkæʧɪz, waɪl ʃɔrt lɛg həz ðə list taɪm əv ˈɛni pəˈzɪʃən tɪ riækt tɪ ə bɔl hɪt wɛl. ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈʧænsɪz ðɛr ər dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ər ˈtɛknɪkəl. slɪps ˈkæʧɪz ər twaɪs ɛz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi drɑpt ɛz' ˈkæʧɪz, ə ˈmɛʒər əv ðə ædˈvæntɪʤ əv gləvz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt wʊd bi ənˈwaɪz tɪ rɛd tu məʧ ˈɪntu ðə ˈteɪbəl əˈbəv. slɪp ˈfildərz ər ˈfildərz ər nɑt ˌɪnˈfɪriər tɪ ðoʊz æt; ðeɪ gɪt məʧ mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈʧænsɪz. ɪn ðə ˈpɪriəd əv ðə ˈstədi, ˈæləˌstɛr kʊk mɪst mɔr ˈʧænsɪz ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər non-wicketkeeper*, səm 62 ˈmɪsɪz, bət sɪns ˈmɛni əv hɪz ˈmɪsɪz keɪm æt ʃɔrt lɛg, hɪz mɪs reɪt ˈdəzənt lʊk soʊ bæd. waɪl kəmˈpɛrɪŋ læps reɪts əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈfildərz ɪz ˈrɪski, ɪt ɪz wərθ ˈmɛnʃənɪŋ græm smɪθ, huz drɔp reɪt əv ˈoʊnli 14 ɪz ðə bɛst əˈməŋ pleɪərz baɪ ə kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈmɑrʤən. bɪtˈwin ˈɔgəst 2012 ənd ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2013 smɪθ tʊk 25 ˈkæʧɪz ənd rɪˈkɔrdɪd noʊ mɪst ˈʧænsɪz. ˈəðər slɪp ˈfildərz wɪθ ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ˈkæʧɪŋ ˈrɛkərdz ˌɪnˈklud ˈændru straʊs ənd rɔs ˈteɪlər ɔn 20 ˈmaɪkəl klɑrk ɔn 21 ənd ˈrɪˌki ɔn 22 ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ðə fild, ˈwɔrnər æt wən steɪʤ tʊk 20 kənˈsɛkjətɪv ˈʧænsɪz ðət keɪm tɪ ɪm. kɔt ənd boʊld ˈʧænsɪz ər mɪst ðə moʊst bɪˈkəz ðə ˈboʊlər həz ˈlɪtəl taɪm tɪ riækt ənd ɪz ˈɔfən aʊt əv pəˈzɪʃən ɪn hɪz ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ðoʊz hu hæv rɪˈkɔrdɪd mɔr drɑps ðən ˈkæʧɪz, gəl lidz ðə lɪst, wɪθ 11 ˈkæʧɪz ənd 14 ˈmɪsɪz. ɪn 2014 rəˈhim mɪst tɛn kənˈsɛkjətɪv ˈʧænsɪz ðət keɪm hɪz weɪ. ˈɑdli ɪˈnəf, hi kɔt hɪz nɛkst 13 ˈʧænsɪz. ˈkɛvɪn keɪm tɪ tɛst ˈkrɪkɪt wɪθ ə faɪn ˈkæʧɪŋ ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən, bət hi drɑpt ðə fərst ˈsɛvən ˈʧænsɪz ðət keɪm tɪ ɪm. hi ðɛn kɔt hɪz nɛkst 16 ˈʧænsɪz. ðə moʊst mɪst ˈʧænsɪz ɪn ə mæʧ fər wən tim, ɪn ðɪs ˈdætə sɛt, ɪz 12 baɪ ˈɪndiə əˈgɛnst ˈɪŋglənd ɪn ˌmʊmˈbaɪ ɪn 2006 ðə moʊst mɪst ˈʧænsɪz ɪn ən ˈɪnɪŋz ɪz naɪn baɪ ˈpækɪˌstæn əˈgɛnst ˈɪŋglənd ɪn ɪn 2005 ənd ˈɔlsoʊ baɪ ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ əˈgɛnst ˈpækɪˌstæn ɪn ˈdɑkə ɪn 2011 ɪn kɑˈrɑʧi ɪn 2009 240 wɑz drɑpt ɔn 17 ənd 43 231 wɑz drɑpt ɔn 73 ənd 77 ənd ˈjənɪs kɑn 313 wɑz drɑpt ɔn 92 ðə kəmˈbaɪnd kɔst əv ɔl ðə mɪst ˈʧænsɪz ɪn ðə mæʧ wɑz 1152 rənz, ər 684 rənz beɪst ɔn "fərst" drɑps ɔf iʧ əv ðə. ðɛr ɪz səm ˈɛvədəns əv "kənˈteɪʤəs" ɪn timz. ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd tɛst əv ðə 1985 ˈsɪriz ɪn kəˈləmboʊ, ˈɪndiə drɑpt ˈsɛvən ˈkæʧɪz əˈgɛnst ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə ɔn ðə fərst deɪ, ɔn wɪʧ ðə ˈoʊnli ˈwɪkət tɪ fɔl wɑz θæŋks tɪ ə run-out*. ˈɪndiə ˈɔlsoʊ drɑpt sɪks ˈkæʧɪz ɪn ðə speɪs əv tɛn ˈoʊvərz ɪn ˌræwɔlˈpɪndi ɪn 2004 faɪv əv ðɛm ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn ðə fərst aʊər əv ðə fɔrθ deɪ. ɪt ɪz rɛr ɪˈnəf fər sɪks ˈʧænsɪz tɪ bi ˈɔfərd æt ɔl ɪn ðə speɪs əv tɛn ˈoʊvərz æt ɔl, lɛt əˈloʊn tɪ si ɔl əv ðɛm mɪst. bɪˈhaɪnd ðə stəmps hir ɪz səm ˈdætə ɔn ðə mɪs reɪts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ, əv ˈvɛriəs əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri. nɑt ɔl ər ˈlɪstɪd, bət ðoʊz wɪθ ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli loʊ ər haɪ drɔp reɪts ər ˈgɪvɪn. mɪst ˈʧænsɪz baɪ ˈkipərz ˈʧænsɪz %mɪs mɑrk ˈbɔʧər 364 10 ˈwɔtəlɪŋ 119 11 57 11 æb də ˈvɪljərz 94 11 ˈædəm ˈgɪlkrɪst 357 12 ˈkæmrən 203 20 ˈɑmɛd 63 21 ˈdɪnɛʃ 50 22 ˈædnən 77 22 rəˈhim 86 32 ðə wɪθ ðə moʊst ˈmɪsɪz ɪz mɪz wɪθ 66 18 ɪn hɪz dɪˈfɛns, hæd tɪ dil wɪθ ə haɪ pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv spɪn ˈboʊlɪŋ, wɪʧ ˈprɛzənts ə məʧ ˈgreɪtər ˈʧælənʤ fər ˈkipərz. mɪs reɪts fər ˈlidɪŋ ɔf ˈspɪnərz ˈævərɪʤ əraʊnd 30 fər boʊθ ˈkæʧɪz ənd, bət ɪt ɪz ˈoʊnli 10 fər ˈkæʧɪz ɔf peɪs ˈboʊlərz. ɪt kən ˈsərtənli bi ˈɑrgjud ðət ˈkipɪŋ tɪ ˈspɪnərz ɪz ðə tru tɛst əv ə ˈkipər. mɪz həz mɪst 18 əv hɪz ˈʧænsɪz, wɪʧ ɪz ˌəndərˈstændəbəl kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈspɪnərz hi həz tɪ kip tɪ ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz ɪt ɪz nɑt ənˈkɑmən fər ˈkipərz tɪ stɑrt wɪθ ə bæŋ bət feɪd ˈleɪtər ɪn ðɛr kərɪrz. ˈbɔʧər, ˈwɔtəlɪŋ, ˈgɪlkrɪst ənd də ˈvɪljərz ɔl hæd mɪs reɪts ɪn ˈsɪŋgəl ˈdɪʤɪts ˈərliər ɪn ðɛr kərɪrz. mɪs reɪt roʊz ɪn ðə læst ˈkəpəl əv jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz rɪˈtaɪərmənt. ˈəðərz wɪθ ˈvɛri loʊ reɪts, hu dɪd nɑt kˈwɑləˌfaɪ fər ðə ˈteɪbəl, ˌɪnˈklud ˈpitər ˈnɛvɪl ənd krɪs rɛd, ɔn 7 rɛd, tɪ maɪ aɪ, wɑz wən əv ðə bɛst ˈmɑdərn, bət hi dɪd nɑt gɪt ˈvɛri ˈmɛni ˌɑpərˈtunətiz sɪns hi wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ skɔr ɪˈnəf rənz tɪ hoʊld hɪz pleɪs. ə ʃɔrt ˈhɪstəri əv drɑpt ˈkæʧɪz ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈdætə fər ðə ˈsɛnʧəri aɪ hæv ˈgæðərd ˈdætə frəm ˈəðər ˈpɪriədz əv tɛst ˈhɪstəri, ˈjuzɪŋ ðət rɪˈkɔrdɪd drɑpt ˈkæʧɪz. ðə bɛst ˈsɔrsəz ər baɪ bɪl ˈfərgəsən ɪn ðə ənd 1920s*, ənd baɪ bɪl frəm ðə ˈərli tɪ ðə leɪt 1990s*. aɪ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ juzd ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈnəmbər əv ˈəðər ˈsɔrsəz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ skɔrz baɪ ˈərvɪŋ ənd səm baɪ ˈpækɪˌstæn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈskɔrərz. aɪ hæv ɛkˈstræktɪd ˈdætə frəm əˈbaʊt 200 tɛst skɔrz ɪn ɔl, ˈdeɪtɪŋ frəm ˌbiˈfɔr 1999 əˈgɛn, ðɛr məst bi ˈkeɪviˌæts. wi ˈkænɑt bi ʃʊr ðət ðə ˈʤəʤɪŋ əv drɑpt ˈkæʧɪz wɑz ɔn ðə seɪm tərmz θruaʊt, ənd wi ˈkænɑt bi ʃʊr əv ðə ˈifɛkt əv ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən riˈpleɪz ɔn ðiz əˈsɛsmənts. aɪ wʊd seɪ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ɪn ðə keɪs əv wi hæv ə məˈtɪkjələs əbˈzərvər wɪθ ə ˈvɛri kənˈsɪstənt staɪl ˈoʊvər ˈməltəpəl ˈdɛkeɪdz. ˈɛlˈtiˈdi wəns əˈgɛn, ɪt wʊd bi ənˈwaɪz tɪ rɛd tu məʧ ˈɪntu iʧ ˈlɪtəl blɪp ɪn ðə ˈdætə, bət ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl ðɛr ɪz ə trɛnd təˈwɔrd loʊər reɪts əv mɪst ˈʧænsɪz. ðə trɛnd wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli bi ˈstipər ɪf ðə ˈdætə wɑz ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ɔˈstreɪljə ənd ˈɪŋglənd, ɛz ðə ˈrisənt ˈdætə ˌɪnˈkludz ˈkəntriz səʧ ɛz ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ ðət hæv hæd ˈlɪtəl ər noʊ ˈkəvərɪʤ ɪn ˈərliər ˈdɛkeɪdz. aɪ maɪt æd ən əˈpɪnjən frəm ˈdɛkeɪdz əv ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən: aɪ bɪˈliv ðət ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈɛriə əv ˌɪmˈpruvmənt həz bɪn wɪθ ˈwikər ˈfildərz. təˈdeɪ ˈɛvriˌwən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðoʊz wɪθ ˈlɪmɪtɪd skɪlz, həz tɪ du ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈfildɪŋ drɪlz ənd teɪk ðət pɑrt əv ðə geɪm ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəsli. ðɪs həz bɪn wən ˈifɛkt əv ðə geɪm. ɪn pæst ˈdɛkeɪdz ˈmɛni tʊk ˈfildɪŋ ˈsɪriəsli. ʤæk hɑbz, dɑn ənd nil ˈhɑrvi wərkt hɑrd æt ɪt, ənd aɪ daʊt ɪf ˈɛni pleɪər təˈdeɪ wərks ɛz hɑrd ɔn ˈfildɪŋ ɛz ˈkoʊlɪn blænd dɪd ɪn ðə (blænd wʊd spɛnd aʊərz ˈpɪkɪŋ əp ənd θroʊɪŋ ə bɔl æt ə ˈsɪŋgəl stəmp: hɪz ˈrɛkərd əv ɪz suˈpɪriər tɪ ðət əv ˈɛniˌwən təˈdeɪ). ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛr wər ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪərz hu dɪd məʧ lɛs wərk ɔn ðɛr ˈfildɪŋ skɪlz. ɪn ðə ˈmɑdərn geɪm ðɛr ɪz ˈnoʊˌwɛr tɪ haɪd, ənd ˈɛvriˌwən məst pʊt ɪn ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈɛfərt. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈstændərdz hæv ˈrɪzən. ˈʧɑrəlz ˈdeɪvɪs ɪz ə ˌstætəˈstɪʃən ənd ˈɔθər hu həz dɪˈvɛləpt ə lɑrʤ ˈdætəˌbeɪs fər tɛst ˈmæʧɪz. hi blɔgz hir spɔrts ˈmidiə ˈɛlˈtiˈdi.
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for all its bewildering array of data, cricket statistics still has a few blind spots. one of the most obvious is in the area of missed chances, where there have been few extensive studies. gerald brodribb in next man in mentioned that statistician rh campbell estimated that 30% of catches were missed in tests in the 1920s. i have seen a figure of more than 30 dropped catches by west indies in australia in 1968-69, a team plagued by poor fielding. but really basic questions like "overall, what percentage of chances are dropped?" lack answers.
for a number of years i have collected all the missed chances i could find in espncricinfo's ball-by-ball texts for test matches. since the site does not always use standard terms to describe missed chances, and different ball-by-ball commentators have their own ways of expressing themselves, i searched the text for 40 or more words and phrases that might indicate a miss, from "drop" and "dolly" to "shell", "grass" and "hash". the process generally flagged about 100 to 200 lines in the commentary for each test, which i then searched manually to identify real chances. for some tests, i also confirmed data by checking match reports and other ball-by-ball sources.
while the commentary goes back to 1999, the textual detail can be patchy in the early years. i logged missed chances from late 2000 onwards, but consider that data to be substantially complete only from 2003. i have compiled a list of over 4000 missed chances in tests from this century; about a third of all tests (635) are represented.
gathering data for dropped catches is challenging since there are no standard definitions for what can be considered a realistic chance © associated press
unavoidably, there are caveats. sometimes opinions may vary as to whether a chance should be considered a miss. i take a hard line: "half", "technical" and "academic" chances are included, and i try to include any chances where the fielder failed to touch the ball but should have done so, if they can be identified. edges passing between the wicketkeeper and first slip are considered chances even if no one has touched the ball. since 2005, i have divided chances into two categories, "normal" and "difficult", according to how they are described. about half fall into each category.
there will always be uncertainty about some dropped catches, as there is always the possibility that some others have been overlooked. however, as long as the collection method is as consistent and exhaustive as possible, i would argue that a great majority of misses have been identified and that the data can be collated into useful statistics.
so back to the original question: how many chances are dropped? the answer is about one-quarter; typically seven missed chances per test. here is a table showing missed chances by country.
percentage of catches and stumpings missed from 2003 to 2015 fielding team 2003-2009 2010-2015 new zealand 23.6% 21.4% south africa 20.9% 21.6% australia 23.2% 21.8% england 25.5% 24.8% west indies 30.5% 25.4% sri lanka 25.3% 26.8% india 24.6% 27.2% pakistan 30.8% 30.2% zimbabwe 27.1% 31.9% bangladesh 33.3% 33.1%
the difference between the top three countries in the last five years is not significant; however, there are more substantial differences down the list. generally, bangladesh have had the weakest catching record since they started in test cricket, although there are recent signs of improvement. other countries have had fluctuating fortunes. west indies had a miss rate of over 30% from 2003 to 2009, but have tightened up their game in the last couple of years. india have seen a rate of 33% in 2013 fall to 23% in 2015, and sri lanka have also improved their catching significantly in just the last two years.
in some years, countries like australia, south africa and new zealand have seen their rates drop below 20%; the best single-year result was 16.9% by south africa in 2013, when they were the no. 1-ranked team in tests. in good years, the proportion of dropped catches rated as "difficult" generally increases; good teams still miss the hard ones but drop fewer easy ones. typically, two-thirds of australia's missed chances are rated as difficult, but the same applies to only one-third of bangladesh's missed chances.
the lucky
as a batsman's innings progresses, the odds of him offering a chance increase. about 72% of batsmen reaching 50 do so without giving a chance, but the percentage for century-makers is 56% in the first 100 runs. only 33% of double-centuries are chanceless in the first 200 runs. the highest absolutely chanceless innings is 374 by mahela jayawardene in colombo; lara's 400 in antigua contained a couple of "academic" chances.
it's my life: virender sehwag gave a lot of chances while batting but wasn't taken up on many of his offers © afp
the most expensive missed chance since the start of 2000 is 297 runs for inzamam-ul-haq, who made 329 after being missed on 32 in lahore in 2002. historically there have been more expensive misses: mark taylor (334 not out) was dropped on 18 and 27 by saeed anwar, and there was a missed stumping on 40 for len hutton (364) in 1938. perhaps even luckier was kumar sangakkara, who made 270 in bulawayo after being dropped on 0. sachin tendulkar was dropped on 0 when he made his highest score, 248 not out in dhaka. mike hussey gave a possible chance first ball at the gabba in 2010, and went on to make 195. graham gooch was famously dropped by kiran more when on 36 at lord's in 1990. he went on to make 333.
the data turns up four batsmen who have been dropped five times in an innings: one was andy blignaut, whose 84 not out in harare in 2005 included an extremely rare hat-trick of dropped catches; zaheer khan was the unhappy bowler. (there was also a hat-trick of missed chances at old trafford in 1972, when two batsmen survived against geoff arnold.) the others who have been missed five times are hashim amla (253 in nagpur, 2010), taufeeq umar (135 in st kitts, 2011) and kane williamson (242 not out in wellington, 2014). nothing in this century quite matches the seven or eight missed catches (reports vary) off george bonnor when he made 87 in sydney in 1883, or six misses off bill ponsford in his 266 at the oval in 1934 (as recorded by veteran scorer bill ferguson). wavell hinds was dropped twice at the mcg in 2000, and still made a duck.
the batsman with most reprieves in the study period is virender sehwag, missed 68 times, just one ahead of sangakkara. about 37% of the chances sehwag offered were dropped, which is well above average and probably a testament to the power of his hitting.
sachin tendulkar is dropped by rajin saleh at silly mid-off in dhaka, in the innings in which he made his highest test score, 248 © getty images
the unlucky
broadly, spin bowlers suffer more from dropped catches and (of course) missed stumpings. chances at short leg, along with caught and bowled, have the highest miss rates among fielding positions, and these positions happen to feature more strongly among spinners' wickets than pace bowlers'. overall, 27% of chances off spin bowlers are missed, as against 23% of chances off pace bowlers.
in the study period, the bowlers with the most missed chances in tests are harbhajan singh (99) and danish kaneria (93). harbhajan has had 26 chances missed at short leg alone. bear in mind that these bowlers' careers are not fully covered; the data for about 10% of harbhajan's career is not available to analyse. pace bowlers with the most misses, as of january 2016, are jimmy anderson (89) and stuart broad (85).
spare a thought for james tredwell, who has played only two tests but suffered ten missed chances, including seven on debut, the most for any bowler since the start of 2000. most were very difficult, with three of them missed by the bowler himself. also worth mentioning is zulfiqar babar, who has had 30 chances missed in his test career and only 28 catches (and stumpings) taken.
at the other end of the scale, adil rashid has had eight catches taken off his bowling with no misses (as of august 2016). neil wagner of new zealand has had only seven misses out of 63 chances, a rate of 11%.
two bowlers have had catches missed off their first ball in test cricket: david warner (dean brownlie dropped by james pattinson, brisbane, 2011) and rp singh (shoaib malik dropped by anil kumble, faisalabad, 2006).
there is an intriguing case from 1990. against west indies in lahore, wasim akram took four wickets in five balls: w, w, 1, w, w. in a surviving scorebook, the single, by ian bishop, is marked as a dropped catch at mid-on. if so, akram came within a hair's breadth of five wickets in five balls, since the batsmen crossed, and bishop did not face again. (wisden, it should be noted, says that the catch was out of reach.)
the guilty
when it comes to catching, some positions are much more challenging than others. that will come as no surprise, but putting some numbers to this is an interesting exercise. the table below shows the miss rate for different field positions.
chances by position (december 2008 to january 2016) position chances % missed keeper (ct) 2188 15% stumping 254 36% slip 2062 29% gully 404 30% third man 36 17% point 371 29% cover 319 23% mid-off 253 20% bowler 378 47% mid-on 340 22% midwicket 455 23% short leg 518 38% square leg 286 19% fine leg 170 30%
the highest miss rates are seen for caught and bowled, and for catches at short leg. bowlers lack the luxury of setting themselves up for catches, while short leg has the least time of any position to react to a ball hit well. many of the chances there are described as half-chances or technical. slips catches are twice as likely to be dropped as wicketkeepers' catches, a measure of the advantage of gloves.
however, it would be unwise to read too much into the table above. slip fielders or short-leg fielders are not inferior to those at mid-off; they get much more difficult chances. in the period of the study, alastair cook missed more chances than any other non-wicketkeeper, some 62 misses, but since many of his misses came at short leg, his miss rate doesn't look so bad.
while comparing lapse rates of different fielders is risky, it is worth mentioning graeme smith, whose drop rate of only 14% is the best among long-serving players by a considerable margin. between august 2012 and february 2013, smith took 25 catches and recorded no missed chances. other slip fielders with outstanding catching records include andrew strauss and ross taylor on 20%, michael clarke on 21%, and ricky ponting on 22%. elsewhere in the field, warner at one stage took 20 consecutive chances that came to him.
caught and bowled chances are missed the most because the bowler has little time to react and is often out of position in his follow-through © getty images
of those who have recorded more drops than catches, umar gul leads the list, with 11 catches and 14 misses. in 2014, mushfiqur rahim missed ten consecutive chances that came his way. oddly enough, he caught his next 13 chances. kevin pietersen came to test cricket with a fine catching reputation, but he dropped the first seven chances that came to him. he then caught his next 16 chances. the most missed chances in a match for one team, in this data set, is 12 by india against england in mumbai in 2006. the most missed chances in an innings is nine by pakistan against england in faisalabad in 2005, and also by bangladesh against pakistan in dhaka in 2011. in karachi in 2009, mahela jayawardene (240) was dropped on 17 and 43, thilan samaraweera (231) was dropped on 73 and 77, and younis khan (313) was dropped on 92. the combined cost of all the missed chances in the match was 1152 runs, or 684 runs based on "first" drops off each of the batsmen.
there is some evidence of "contagious" butterfingers in teams. in the second test of the 1985 series in colombo, india dropped seven catches against sri lanka on the first day, on which the only wicket to fall was thanks to a run-out. india also dropped six catches in the space of ten overs in rawalpindi in 2004, five of them coming in the first hour of the fourth day. it is rare enough for six chances to be offered at all in the space of ten overs at all, let alone to see all of them missed.
behind the stumps
here is some data on the miss rates, including stumpings, of various wicketkeepers of the 21st century. not all are listed, but those with particularly low or high drop rates are given.
missed chances by keepers chances %miss mark boucher 364 10% bj watling 119 11% tatenda taibu 57 11% ab de villiers 94 11% adam gilchrist 357 12% kamran akmal 203 20% sarfraz ahmed 63 21% dinesh karthik 50 22% adnan akmal 77 22% mushfiqur rahim 86 32%
the wicketkeeper with the most misses is ms dhoni with 66 (18%). in his defence, dhoni had to deal with a high percentage of spin bowling, which presents a much greater challenge for keepers. miss rates for leading wicketkeepers off spinners average around 30%, for both catches and stumpings, but it is only 10% for catches off pace bowlers. it can certainly be argued that keeping to spinners is the true test of a keeper.
ms dhoni has missed 18% of his chances, which is understandable considering the number of spinners he has to keep to © getty images
it is not uncommon for keepers to start with a bang but fade later in their careers. boucher, watling, gilchrist and de villiers all had miss rates in single digits earlier in their careers. gilchrist's miss rate rose in the last couple of years before his retirement. others with very low rates, who did not qualify for the table, include peter nevill and chris read, on 7%. read, to my eye, was one of the best modern wicketkeepers, but he did not get very many opportunities since he was unable to score enough runs to hold his place.
a short history of dropped catches
in addition to the data for the 21st century i have gathered data from other periods of test history, using scorebooks that recorded dropped catches. the best sources are scorebooks by bill ferguson in the 1910s and 1920s, and by bill frindall from the early 1970s to the late 1990s. i have also used a limited number of other sources, including scores by irving rosenwater and some by pakistan tv scorers. i have extracted data from about 200 test scores in all, dating from before 1999.
again, there must be caveats. we cannot be sure that the judging of dropped catches was on the same terms throughout, and we cannot be sure of the effect of tv replays on these assessments. i would say, however, that in the case of frindall we have a meticulous observer with a very consistent style over multiple decades.
© espncricinfo ltd
once again, it would be unwise to read too much into each little blip in the data, but in general there is a trend toward lower rates of missed chances. the trend would probably be steeper if the data was limited to australia and england, as the recent data includes countries such as bangladesh that have had little or no coverage in earlier decades.
i might add an opinion from decades of observation: i believe that the greatest area of improvement has been with weaker fielders. today everyone, including those with limited skills, has to do extensive fielding drills and take that part of the game very seriously. this has been one effect of the one-day game. in past decades many took fielding seriously. jack hobbs, don bradman and neil harvey worked hard at it, and i doubt if any player today works as hard on fielding as colin bland did in the 1960s (bland would spend hours picking up and throwing a ball at a single stump: his record of run-outs is superior to that of anyone today). however, there were also players who did much less work on their fielding skills. in the modern game there is nowhere to hide, and everyone must put in the training effort. as a result, overall standards have risen.
charles davis is a melbourne-based statistician and author who has developed a large ball-by-ball database for test matches. he blogs here
© espn sports media ltd.
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ˈpəblɪk lændz ˈfɛdərəl ˈhaɪrɪŋ friz hɪts ˈwɛstərn lænd ˈeɪʤənsiz nɑt klɪr wət wɪl ˈhæpən wɪθ ˈsizənəl haɪərz səʧ ɛz ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtərz. ˈɛdɪtərz noʊt: ɔn ʤæn. 31 ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd ˈbəʤɪt riˈlist ə ˈmɛˌmoʊ fər guidance”*” ɔn ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈhaɪrɪŋ friz. ðə ˈmɛˌmoʊ ˈoʊnli ˈaʊˈtraɪt ɪgˈzɛmptɪd ðə juz. ˈpoʊstəl ˈsərvɪs, ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd siaɪeɪ, bət meɪd mɔr əˈlaʊənsɪz fər ˈsizənəl haɪərz. wɪˈθaʊt ˈmɛnʃənɪŋ spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈeɪʤənsiz, ðə ˈmɛˌmoʊ sɪz ˈsizənəl ənd ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ɪmˈplɔɪiz meɪ bi haɪərd tɪ trəˈdɪʃənəli əˈkərɪŋ ˈsizənəl workloads,”*,” bət rikˈwaɪərz ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈnidɪŋ ðoʊz ˈwərkərz tɪ ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪ əˈhɛd əv taɪm, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈhaɪrɪŋ. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp əˈnaʊnst ə friz ɔn ɔl ˈfɛdərəl ˈhaɪrɪŋ ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ˈɛni ˈveɪkənt pəˈzɪʃənz ənd proʊˈhɪbətɪŋ ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv nu pəˈzɪʃənz ɛz əv nun ɔn ʤæn. 22 ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˌmɛmərˈændəm wɪl əˈfɛkt ɔl ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənsiz ɪkˈsɛpt ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, ənd ˌɪnˈkludz lænd ˈmænɪʤmənt ɪmˈplɔɪiz. ɪt ˈfɑloʊz ɔn ðə hilz əv əˈnəðər əˈnaʊnsmɛnt ðət juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər ənd ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl prəˈtɛkʃən ˈeɪʤənsi grænts ənd ˈkɑnˌtrækts wɪl bi ˈfroʊzən. trəmps ˌmɛmərˈændəm siks tɪ kət bæk ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈfɛdərəl ɪmˈplɔɪiz baɪ ən ənˈspɛsəˌfaɪd əˈmaʊnt. ɪn 2015 ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˌɪnˈsaɪdər ˈænəˌlaɪzd ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˈleɪbər stəˈtɪstɪks ənd faʊnd ˈfɛdərəl ɪmˈplɔɪi ˈnəmbərz tɪ bi ðə loʊəst ɪn 54 jɪrz. ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ ðə ˌmɛmərˈændəm dɪd nɑt meɪk əˈlaʊənsɪz fər ˈsizənəl haɪərz, ə nəˈsɛsɪti fər ˈeɪʤənsiz laɪk ðə ˈnæʃənəl pɑrk ˈsərvɪs ənd ˈfɔrɪst ˈsərvɪs, wɪʧ haɪər ˈθaʊzənz əv ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ˈreɪnʤərz ənd ˈəðər ɪmˈplɔɪiz ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsəmər mənθs. ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ðə missoulian*, məˈlɪsə ˈbaʊmən, ˈkaʊnsəl ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən əv ˈfɛdərəl ɪmˈplɔɪiz, sɛd ʃi dɪd nɑt noʊ haʊ ðɪs wʊd ˌɪmˈpækt ðə ˈhaɪrɪŋ əv ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtərz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈbaʊmən, ðə ˈfɔrɪst ˈsərvɪs haɪərd ˈsizənəl ˈwərkərz ɪn 2015 ˈmɛni əv ðɛm tɪ faɪt ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈwaɪldˌfaɪərz ðət breɪk aʊt bɪtˈwin ʤun ənd sɛpˈtɛmbər. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈnæʃənəl pɑrks ˈtrævələr, ðə ˈnæʃənəl pɑrk ˈsərvɪs ɪz goʊɪŋ əˈhɛd wɪθ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ pəˈtɛnʃəl nu ˈsizənəl haɪərz ɪn hoʊps ðət ə ˈweɪvər wɪl bi ˈgrænɪd fər səm ˈwərkərz. ə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv fər ðə ˈfɔrɪst ˈsərvɪs sɛd, juz. ˈfɔrɪst ˈsərvɪs ɪz ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ˈfərðər ˌklɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən ənd dɪˈrɛkʃɪn frəm ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˌpərsəˈnɛl ˈmænɪʤmənt rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈhaɪrɪŋ friz. wi ˈkænɑt ˈspɛkjəˌleɪt ɔn ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə ˈhaɪrɪŋ freeze.”*.” hæv ju ɪkˈspɪriənst ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns ər ˌɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən? tɛl ˈjuˈɛs. ðə friz kəmz æt ə taɪm wɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl pɑrk ˈsərvɪs, ðə ˈfɔrɪst ˈsərvɪs, ˈnæʃənəl ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf ˈrɛfjuʤ ˈsɪstəm ənd ˈbjʊroʊ əv lænd ˈmænɪʤmənt ər siɪŋ ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈpəblɪk juz əv ðə ˈmɪljənz əv ˈeɪkərz ðeɪ ˈmænɪʤ, ənd ər ˈstrəgəlɪŋ tɪ kip əp. pɑrks) ˈkænɑt kənˈtɪnju tɪ bi ˈhæmpərd baɪ loʊ ˈstæfɪŋ, ənd ɪgˈzæktli wət wɪl ˈhæpən wɪθ ðɪs ˈhaɪrɪŋ freeze,”*,” sɪz tərˈisə pierno*, ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ˈnæʃənəl pɑrks ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ɪn ə prɛs riˈlis. ˈreɪnʤərz ər ɔˈrɛdi fɔrst tɪ du mɔr wɪθ lɛs bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæv ɪˈnəf stæf tɪ ˈhændəl crowds.”*.” ðə ˌmɛmərˈændəm meɪd əˈlaʊənsɪz wɪn ˈhaɪrɪŋ fər security,”*,” bət ɪt ɪz ənˈklɪr wət ðət wʊd min, ənd ɪf nidz laɪk ˈhaɪrɪŋ ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtərz fər ðə ˈmæsɪv ˈwaɪldˌfaɪərz ðət ər ʃʊr tɪ hɪt ðə wɛst wʊd kaʊnt. ɪt ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðət ˈkɑntræktɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wʊd nɑt bi əˈlaʊd. ðə ˈhaɪrɪŋ friz ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌæntəˈθɛtɪkəl tɪ kæmˈpeɪn goʊlz əv ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkən ʤɑbz ənd ˈɛnərʤi pərˈdəkʃən ɔn ˈpəblɪk lændz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər mɔr stæf, nɑt lɛs. ə ˈrisənt ˈsərˌveɪ frəm ˈpəblɪk ɪmˈplɔɪiz fər ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti ʃoʊd ðət ˈstæfərz æt ðə ˈbjʊroʊ əv lænd ˈmænɪʤmənt, wɛr ɔɪl ənd gæs ˌɛksplərˈeɪʃən praɪˈmɛrəli əˈkərz, ɔˈrɛdi kænt kip əp wɪθ ˈkɑrənt pərˈmɪtɪŋ riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz. ðə ˈhaɪrɪŋ friz kəmz ɛz pɑrt əv kæmˈpeɪn ˈprɑməs tɪ kət daʊn ɔn ˈfɛdərəl ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt. ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, prɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ʃɔn ˈspaɪsər freɪmd ɪt ɛz ə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈtækˌspeɪərz, seɪɪŋ si ˈməni gɪt ˈweɪstɪd ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ɔn ə ʤɑb ðət ɪz duˈplɪkətɪv, ɪz ˌɪnˈsəltɪŋ tɪ ðə hɑrd wərk ðət ðeɪ du tɪ peɪ ðɛr taxes.”*.” ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə əˈfɛktɪd pəˈzɪʃənz wʊd nɑt bi ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən d.c*. ə 1982 rɪˈpɔrt baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɔfəs əv əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti ðət rivˈjud fɔr ˈfɛdərəl ˈhaɪrɪŋ ˈfrizɪz ˈəndər ðə ˈkɑrtər ənd ˈrigən ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃənz, faʊnd ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈifɛktɪv æt rɪˈdusɪŋ ðə saɪz ənd kɔst əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl wərk fɔrs. ˌɪnˈstɛd ðeɪ ən ˌɪˈluʒən əv kənˈtroʊl ɔn ˈfɛdərəl ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ənd spending,”*,” bət ɛnd əp ˈsɛtɪŋ ˈeɪʤənsiz bæk, ɛz ðeɪ du nɑt əˈkaʊnt fər nidz ənd ˈwərˌkloʊd. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə rɪˈpɔrt faʊnd ðə 1980 friz ˈəndər ˈrigən ˈhæmpərd ðə əˈbɪləˌti əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər dɪˈpɑrtmənt tɪ ˈifɛktɪvli ˈmɑnətər ðə ˈpaɪˌplaɪn, ɛz tu ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pəˈzɪʃənz wɛnt ənˈfɪld. ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɔlsoʊ səˈʤɛstɪd ˈfaɪndɪŋ spɪˈsɪfɪk pɑrts əv ˈgəvərnmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz tɪ kət bæk, ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd friz. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd ˈbəʤɪt dɪd nɑt ˈæˌkʧuəli kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪ haʊ məʧ ˈməni, ɪf ˈɛni, wɑz seɪvd baɪ ðə ˈfrizɪz. ənˈnoʊn ɪgˈzæktli haʊ lɔŋ ðə friz wɪl læst, ər wət dɪˈrɛkt ˌripərˈkəʃənz ɪt wɪl hæv. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌmɛmərˈændəm, ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd ˈbəʤɪt wɪl kəm əp wɪθ ə ˈlɔŋˈtərm plæn wɪˈθɪn 90 deɪz tɪ kənˈtɪnju rɪˈdusɪŋ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈfɛdərəl ˈwərkərz. ˈænə vi. smɪθ ɪz ən ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl ˈfɛloʊ æt haɪ ˈkəntri nuz. ʃi
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public lands federal hiring freeze hits western land agencies it’s not clear what will happen with seasonal hires such as wildland firefighters.
editor's note: on jan. 31, the office of management and budget released a memo for “additional guidance” on the federal hiring freeze. the memo only outright exempted the u.s. postal service, military and cia, but made more allowances for seasonal hires. without mentioning specific agencies, the memo says seasonal and temporary employees may be hired to “meet traditionally occurring seasonal workloads,” but requires agencies needing those workers to notify omb ahead of time, before hiring.
president donald trump announced a freeze on all federal hiring on monday, eliminating any vacant positions and prohibiting the creation of new positions as of noon on jan. 22. the presidential memorandum will affect all federal agencies except the military, and includes land management employees. it follows on the heels of another announcement that u.s. department of agriculture and environmental protection agency grants and contracts will be frozen.
trump's memorandum seeks to cut back the number of federal employees by an unspecified amount. in 2015, the business insider analyzed bureau of labor statistics and found federal employee numbers to be the lowest in 54 years.
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the memorandum did not make allowances for seasonal hires, a necessity for agencies like the national park service and forest service, which hire thousands of short-term rangers and other employees nationwide during the summer months. in an interview with the missoulian, melissa baumann, council president of the national federation of federal employees, said she did not know how this would impact the hiring of wildland firefighters. according to baumann, the forest service hired 11,000 seasonal workers in 2015, many of them to fight the western wildfires that break out between june and september. according to national parks traveler, the national park service is going ahead with identifying potential new seasonal hires in hopes that a waiver will be granted for some workers. a representative for the forest service said, “the u.s. forest service is waiting for further clarification and direction from the office of personnel management related to the hiring freeze. we cannot speculate on the impact of the hiring freeze.”
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the freeze comes at a time when the national park service, the forest service, national wildlife refuge system and bureau of land management are seeing an increase in public use of the millions of acres they manage, and are struggling to keep up.
“(national parks) cannot continue to be hampered by low staffing, and that’s exactly what will happen with this hiring freeze,” says theresa pierno, president and ceo of national parks conservation association, in a press release. “park rangers are already forced to do more with less because they don’t have enough staff to handle record-breaking crowds.”
the memorandum made allowances when hiring for “national security,” but it is unclear what that would mean, and if needs like hiring firefighters for the massive wildfires that are sure to hit the west would count. it included that contracting outside the government would not be allowed.
the hiring freeze is also antithetical to trump’s campaign goals of increasing american jobs and energy production on public lands something that would require more staff, not less. a recent survey from public employees for environmental responsibility showed that staffers at the bureau of land management, where oil and gas exploration primarily occurs, already can't keep up with current permitting responsibilities.
the hiring freeze comes as part of trump’s campaign promise to cut down on federal oversight. on monday, press secretary sean spicer framed it as a responsibility to american taxpayers, saying “to see money get wasted in washington on a job that is duplicative, is insulting to the hard work that they do to pay their taxes.” the vast majority of the affected positions would not be in washington d.c. a 1982 report by the government office of accountability that reviewed four across-the-board federal hiring freezes under the carter and reagan administrations, found they are not effective at reducing the size and cost of the federal work force. instead they “provided an illusion of control on federal employment and spending,” but end up setting agencies back, as they do not account for agency-specific needs and workload. for example, the report found the 1980 freeze under reagan hampered the ability of the interior department to effectively monitor the trans-alaska pipeline, as two important positions went unfilled. the report also suggested finding specific parts of government agencies to cut back, rather than a widespread freeze. it also found the office of management and budget did not actually quantify how much money, if any, was saved by the freezes.
it’s unknown exactly how long the freeze will last, or what direct repercussions it will have. according to the memorandum, the office of management and budget will come up with a long-term plan within 90 days to continue reducing the number of federal workers.
anna v. smith is an editorial fellow at high country news. she tweets @annavtoriasmith
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ə ʃɛlf əv ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv bjʊr bʊk ˈstɔrɪʤ fəˈsɪlɪti kənˈteɪnz ˈsɪŋgəl moʊst ˈdeɪnʤərəs bʊk. ɪt ɪz wən əv ˈoʊnli tu noʊn ˈkɑpiz tɪ ɪgˈzɪst ɪn ðə steɪt. ɪf nɑt fər ɪts hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns, ˈivɪn ðə moʊst ˈfərvənt maɪt əˈgri: ðə fjuər ˈkɑpiz ɪn ðə wərld ðə ˈbɛtər. frəm ðə wɔlz əv death”*” ɪz ˈdeɪnʤərəs nɑt ɪn ðə sɛns əv ə bʊk kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈrædɪkəl aɪˈdiəz. nɔr ɪz ɪt ˈdeɪnʤərəs ɪn ðə weɪ ə ˈmænjuəl maɪt bi. ɪn fækt, ˈæftər ðə ˈtaɪtəl peɪʤ ənd ˈprɛfəs, ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ 86 ˈpeɪʤɪz, iʧ wən ˈmɛʒərɪŋ əˈbaʊt 22 baɪ 30 ˈɪnʧɪz, kənˈteɪn noʊ ˈprɪnɪd wərdz æt ɔl. ˈmɪʃɪgən steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti hoʊldz ðə ˈəðər ˈkɑpi əv ““shadows”*” ɪn ɪts ˈspɛʃəl kəˈlɛkʃənz ˈlaɪbrɛˌri dɪˈvɪʒən. ðə ˈvɑljum ɪz sild ɪn ə prəˈtɛktɪv kənˈteɪnər, ənd iʧ peɪʤ ɪz ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli ɛnˈkæpsəˌleɪtɪd. prəˈspɛktɪv ““readers”*” əv ““shadows”*” æt ðə bjʊr ˈbɪldɪŋ məst wɛr blu ˈplæstɪk prəˈtɛktɪv gləvz. ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ðə bjʊr səm deɪz əˈgoʊ, ðə bʊk wɑz wild aʊt sˈloʊli ɔn ɪts ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl kɑrt. ðə ˈmɑrbəld ˈpætərn ɔn ðə ˈkəvər ʃoʊd θru ə prəˈtɛktɪv ˈplæstɪk bæg. aɪ hɛld maɪ brɛθ ɛz aɪ ˈʤɪnʤərli izd ˈoʊpən ðə ˈkəvər, ənd waɪl ““reading”*” ðə ˈpeɪʤɪz aɪ wɑz ˈkɛrfəl tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈɛni skɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt. ““shadows”*” ɪz ˈsæʧərˌeɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈdɛdli əˈmaʊnt əv ˈɑrsənɪk. əm ˈæləm ˈrɑbərt kriˈeɪtɪd frəm ðə wɔlz əv death.”*.” ˈæftər rɪˈsivɪŋ hɪz dɪˈgri wɪθ ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl fərst ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪŋ klæs, ɪn 1851 ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈpræktɪs ɪn ˌkæləməˈzu ənd ˈleɪtər ˈitən vermontville*. hi lɛft hɪz ˈpræktɪs, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ hɪz waɪf ənd θri sənz, tɪ sərv ɛz ə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈsərʤɪn wɪθ ˈrɛʤəmənt. wɑz ˈkæpʧərd ənd ˌɪmˈprɪzənd æt ˈʃaɪloʊ, bət pəroʊld. ɪn 1863 hi rɪˈtərnd tɪ ˈmɪʃɪgən tɪ ʧɛr ˈmɪʃɪgən ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl (msu’s*) ˈkɛmɪstri dɪˈpɑrtmənt. səm θri ˈdɛkeɪdz ˈleɪtər, ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd paʊnz əv bit sidz frəm ˈjʊrəp ɪn ə kæmˈpeɪn tɪ əˈsɛs ðə ˌsutəˈbɪlɪti əv ˈmɪʃɪgən sɔɪl fər ˈʃʊgər bit pərˈdəkʃən. ðə sid wɑz sɛnt tɪ 400 loʊər pəˈnɪnsələ ˈfɑrmərz. əv ðoʊz, 228 rɪˈspɑndɪd ənd meɪld bits bæk tɪ ˈlænsɪŋ fər æˈnælɪsɪs. ðeɪ wər faʊnd tɪ kənˈteɪn 14 ˈʃʊgər. bit ˈʃʊgər ˈɪndəstri wɑz bɔrn. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈdɑnɪŋ ðə ˈmæntəl əv əv ðə ˈmɪʃɪgən bit ˈʃʊgər industry,”*,” wɑz ɪˈlɛktɪd tɪ sərv wɪθ ðə bɔrd əv hɛlθ wɪn ɪt fɔrmd ɪn 1873 hi ʧɛrd ðə kəˈmɪti ɔn ““poisons*, ˈspɛʃəl ˈsɔrsəz əv ˈdeɪnʤər tɪ laɪf ənd hɛlθ, &c.”*.” ˈweɪstɪd noʊ taɪm ɪn rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ hɪz ʧif kənˈsərn ɪn ən ˈɛˌseɪ, papers,”*,” ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə bɔrd əv ˌɪˈnɔgərəl 1874 rɪˈpɔrt. hi kɔld əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ə ˈprɑbləm reɪzd baɪ massachusetts’*’ bɔrd əv hɛlθ ɪn 1872 ðə ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd juz əv ˈwɔlˌpeɪpər ˈkələrd wɪθ ˈpɪgmɛnt. ðə ˈstɔri əv nəˈpoʊljən ˈpɔɪzənd baɪ ˈwɔlˌpeɪpər waɪl ˌɪmˈprɪzənd ɔn ðə ˈaɪlənd əv st*. ˈhɛlənə ɪn 1815 ɪz ə fəˈmɪljər ˈrumər. ˈlɑrʤli fərˈgɑtən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ðət ˈwɔlˌpeɪpər wɑz ˈkɑmən ənd ˈwaɪdli juzd ɪn ˈmɪʃɪgən, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts, ənd ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ɪn 1887 ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈmɛdɪkəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət bɪtˈwin 1879 ənd 1883 əv ɔl ˈwɔlˌpeɪpər soʊld ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts kənˈteɪnd ˈɑrsənɪk, ə θərd əv wɪʧ æt ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈlɛvəlz. ˈoʊvər taɪm, ðə ˈpɔɪzənəs ˈpɪgmɛnt kʊd fleɪk ər bi brəʃt ɔf ðə ˈwɔlˌpeɪpər ənd floʊt ɪn ðə ɛr ɛz ˌɪnˈheɪləbəl dəst ər ˈsɛtəl ɔn ˈfərnɪʧər ɪn ðə hoʊm. ˈsaɪtɪd ˈsɛvərəl ˈkeɪsɪz əv ˈwɔlˌpeɪpər ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ ɪn hɪz ˈɛˌseɪ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wən frəm ə ˈfæməli ɪn ˈmænˌʧɛstər ɪn ˈkaʊnti. ðə wɔlz əv wən wər ˈkəvərd wɪθ ə ˈpeɪpər ðə graʊnd wərk əv wɪʧ wɑz stoʊn ˈkələr wɪθ bændz əv braɪt grin ˈɔrnəˌmɛntɪd wɪθ gɪlt. ðə ˈdɔtər, ˈɛmə, ˈeɪʤɪd 9 ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd ðɪs rum fər ˈsɛvərəl mənθs. sun ˈæftər ˈɑkjəˌpaɪɪŋ ðə rum hər hɛlθ bɪˈgæn tɪ feɪl, ənd ʃi ɪgˈzɪbətəd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈsɪmptəmz: lameness*, rɪˈzɛmbəlɪŋ ˈruməˌtɪzəm, ˈdɑrtɪŋ peɪnz ɪn ˈvɛriəs ˈpɔrʃənz əv ðə ˈbɑdi; ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ, feverishness*, peɪnz ɪn ðə hɛd ənd əˈbaʊt ðə ˈfrəntəl ˈsaɪnəsəz, sɔrz ɪn ˈvɛriəs pɑrts əv ðə ˈbɑdi, feɪnt spɛlz, ˈtərnɪŋ waɪt əˈbaʊt ðə maʊθ, ənd greɪt lɔs əv flɛʃ. ðə bɛst ˈmɛdɪkəl ədˈvaɪs ðət kʊd bi proʊˈkjʊrd wɑz əbˈteɪnd, bət noʊ ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ˈfɑloʊd. wɛˈnɛvər ʃi lɛft hoʊm fər ə fju wiks hər hɛlθ ˌɪmˈpruvd; bət ʃi riˈlæpst ˈɪntu hər ˈfɔrmər kənˈdɪʃən ɔn rɪˈtərnɪŋ hoʊm. ˈtɛstɪd ðə ˈpeɪpər ənd faʊnd ɪt kənˈteɪnd ə haɪ ˈlɛvəl əv ˈɑrsənɪk. ˈɛmə wɑz riˈmuvd frəm ðə rum ənd riˈgeɪnd hər hɛlθ. ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkəl daɪ ərˈɪʤənəli ə ˈbaɪprɑdəkt əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈɪndəstri, ˈɑrsənɪk ˈɔfərd ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌniz ə minz əv ˈprɑfətɪŋ frəm ə weɪst ˈprɑdəkt, ənd ˈɔfərd ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ə minz əv əbˈteɪnɪŋ ə ʧip daɪ. ˈθaʊzənz əv tənz wər ˈænjuəli ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ðə ˈsəbstəns prəˈdust ˈləvli hjuz ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm dip ˈɛmərrəld tɪ peɪl sea-green*. ˈɑrsənɪk kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi mɪkst ˈɪntu ˈəðər ˈkələrz, ˈgɪvɪŋ ðɛm ə sɔft, əˈpilɪŋ pæˈstɛl əˈpɪrəns. ðə fərst ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ˈɑrsənɪk ɛz ə ˈpɪgmɛnt wɑz ɛz ə peɪnt daɪ. ðə peɪl grin ʃeɪd kɔt ɔn ɛz ə ““refined”*” ˈkələr. əˈmɛrɪkən ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz bɪˈgæn ˈjuzɪŋ ˈɑrsənɪk tɪ ˈkələr ə reɪnʤ əv kənˈsumər gʊdz. tɔɪz wər ˈpeɪnɪd wɪθ peɪnt. ˈpeɪpər wɑz juzd ɪn ˈgritɪŋ kɑrdz, ˈsteɪʃəˌnɛri, ˈkændi ˈbɑksɪz, ˈkɑnsərt ˈtɪkɪts, ˈpoʊstərz, fud kənˈteɪnər ˈleɪbəlz, ˈmeɪlɪŋ ˈleɪbəlz, ˈpæmfləts, pleɪɪŋ kɑrdz, book-bindings*, ənd ˈɛnvəˌloʊps ðə ˈsɛndər hæd tɪ lɪk. prəˈfɛsər æt ðə ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl college,”*,” roʊt ɪn papers,”*,” hoʊm ə ˈpækɪʤ əv lɛd ˈpɛnsəlz əraʊnd wɪʧ wɑz ə brɔd bænd əv ˈbjutəfəl grin ˈpeɪpər. hɪz ˈlɪtəl ˈʧɪldrən, əˈtræktəd baɪ ðə ˈbjutəfəl ˈkələr əv ðɪs ˈpeɪpər, ˈwɔntɪd ɪt tɪ pleɪ wɪθ, bət hi ˈhændɪd ɪt tɪ mi fər æˈnælɪsɪs, ənd aɪ faʊnd ɪt kənˈteɪnd ɪˈnəf ˈɑrsənɪk tɪ ˈpɔɪzən ɔl əv them.”*.” wɛnt ɔn tɪ saɪt ˈkeɪsɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ə tɔɪ bɑks ˈdɛkərˌeɪtɪd wɪθ grin ˈpeɪpər, ə juz. ɪkˈsprɛs koʊ. ˈpækɪʤ wɪθ ə grin ˈmeɪlɪŋ ˈleɪbəl, ənd grin stɔr praɪs tægz, ɔl əv wɪʧ ˈtɛstɪd ˈpɑzətɪv fər ˈɑrsənɪk. ˈɑrsənɪk ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ˈmɪʃɪgən, ˈɑrsənɪk sərvd ɛz ə hoʊm ræt ˈpɔɪzən ənd ˌɪnˈsɛktəˌsaɪd ˈivɪn childrens’*’ stəft ˈænəməlz wər ˈdəstɪd wɪθ ɪt baɪ ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˌɪnˈfɛˈsteɪʃən. ˈɑrsənɪk əˈpɪrd ɪn grin lampshades*, kɑzˈmɛtɪks, ənd ˈkɑpər ˈkʊkˌwɛr. ɪt wɑz juzd tɪ ˈkələr ˈkændi ənd gleɪz fəʤ. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz θru ə pɪnʧ ər tu ˈɪntu ðə væt ɪn ðə hoʊp əv ˈkɪlɪŋ ˈtoʊmeɪn. ˈɑrsənɪk wɑz ən ˌɪnˈgridiənt ɪn ˈmɛni ˈpætənt ˈmɛdəsənz. ɛz leɪt ɛz 1921 ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈmɛdɪkəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən wɑz stɪl ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈɑrsənɪk ɪn ˈpætənt ˈmɛdəsənz ðət ˌɪnˈkludɪd blu bɛl ˈkɪdni ˈtæbləts, bəˈtænɪk bləd bɑm, ˈdændrəf ˈrɛmədi, dander-off*, ˈdɑktər. miles’*’ rəˈstɔrətɪv nervine*, lɑ ˈfræŋkoʊ noʊ. 200 ənd ˈəðərz. ˈɑrsənɪk wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ juzd ɪn ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈmɛdəsən ɛz ə ˈtritmənt fər ˈsɪfəlɪs. ˈɑrsənɪk wɑz ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli juzd ɪn ˈmɪʃɪgən ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər ɛz ðə juˈbɪkwɪtəs ˌɪnˈsɛktəˌsaɪd green.”*.” ɪt wɑz ˈdəstɪd ɔn təˈmɑtoʊz, pəˈteɪˌtoʊ ˈfoʊlɪʤ, ˈkæbɪʤ, ˈkjukəmbərz, greɪps, ˈmɛlənz, ənd spreɪd ɔn frut triz. klɔθ lɛd tɪ ən fæd fər bɔl gaʊnz. ˈləkəli ðə trɛnd wɑz ˌʃɔrˈtlɪvd. ðə 1884 ˈænjuəl rɪˈpɔrt frəm massachusetts’*’ steɪt bɔrd əv hɛlθ, ˈlunəsi, ənd ˈʧɛrɪti sɛd, həz ˈvɛri ˈfrikwɛntli bɪn kɔld tɪ ðə ˈprɛzəns əv lɑrʤ əˈmaʊnts əv ˈɑrsənɪk ɪn grin, wɪʧ həz ˈgɪvɪn raɪz soʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz tɪ ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈsɪmptəmz əv ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ wɪn meɪd ˈɪntu ˈdrɛsɪz ənd wɔrn, soʊ ðət ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri rɛr naʊ tɪ si ə grin dress.”*.” ðə rɪˈpɔrt kənˈtɪnjud: ðɪs ˈfæbrɪk ɪz stɪl juzd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, tɪ ə ˈvɛri ˈdeɪnʤərəs ɪkˈstɛnt, ˈʧifli fər ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv ˌɔrnəmɛnˈteɪʃən, ənd meɪ ˈɔfən bi sin ɛmˈbɛlɪʃɪŋ ðə wɔlz ənd ˈteɪbəlz æt ʧərʧ ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti fɛrz, ənd ɪn kənˈfɛkʃəˌnɛri, tɔɪ ənd stɔrz. ðə ˈraɪtər həz rɪˈpitɪdli sin ðɪs ˈpɔɪzənəs ˈfæbrɪk juzd æt ʧərʧ fɛrz ənd ˈpɪkˌnɪks ɛz ə ˈkəvərɪŋ fər kənˈfɛkʃəˌnɛri ənd fud, tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈlætər frəm flaɪz. ɛz ɪz wɛl noʊn, ðə ˈpɪgmɛnt ɪz soʊ ˈlusli əˈplaɪd tɪ ðə klɔθ ðət ə ˈpɔrʃən əv ɪt ˈizəli ˈsɛpərˌeɪts əˈpɑn ðə sˈlaɪtəst ˈmoʊʃən. prof*. ˈhɔfmən ˈæftər ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv ˈspɛsəmənz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət tˈwɛnti ər ˈθərˌdi greɪnz əv ðə ˈpɪgmɛnt wʊd ˈsɛpərˌeɪt frəm ə drɛs pər aʊər, wɪn wɔrn ɪn ə ball-room*. tu tɪ θri greɪnz ˈmɪləˌgræmz) kʊd pruv ˈfeɪtəl ɪf ˌɪnˈʤɛstəd. ˈɑrsənɪk wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ juzd tɪ daɪ ˈstɑkɪŋz, ˈəndərˌwɛr, ˈkərtənz, ˌdɛkərˈeɪʃənz, ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl flaʊərz, ənd klɔθ ˈlaɪnɪŋz fər ənd krɪbz ɪn ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈkələrz. grin ˈflænəl but ˈlaɪnɪŋz ˌɪmˈprɛgˌneɪtəd wɪθ ˈɑrsənɪk əˈlɛʤədli kɪld ˈsɛvərəl ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈgrævəl ˈmaɪnərz ɪn 1875 ˈɑrsənɪk ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ ɪz stɪl ə kənˈsərn fər hu wɪʃ tɪ wɛr əˈθɛnɪk ˈkloʊðɪŋ. mɪˈstɪriəs ˈpɔɪzənɪŋz skɪn ˌəlsərˈeɪʃənz ər wən ˈsɪmptəm əv ˈɑrsənɪk ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ. ˈəðərz ˌɪnˈklud ˈhɛˌdeɪk, əbˈdɑmənəl peɪn, ˌdaɪərˈiə, ˈpæʧɪz əv skɪn dɪˌskələrˈeɪʃən, hɛr lɔs, ˈkɑfɪŋ, kənˈvəlʃənz, ənd ˌnʊˈrɔpəθi ɪn ðə hænz ənd fit. ɪn ˈmɪʃɪgən, ðoʊz ˈsɪmptəmz pərˈteɪnd tɪ ə reɪnʤ əv dɪˈzizɪz. ˈɑrsənɪk ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ wɑz ˈɔfən ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst ɛz kənˈdɪʃənz ðət ˌɪnˈkludɪd debility,”*,” neuralgia*, kənˈsəmʃən (təˌbərkjəˈloʊsɪs), ˈkɑlərə, ˈruməˌtɪzəm, gæˈstraɪtəs, ˈdɪsənˌtɛri, ər pərˈælɪsɪs ɔl əv wɪʧ ˈkɑmənli əˈpɪr ɛz ˈkɔzɪz əv dɛθ ɔn oʊld ˈmɪʃɪgən dɛθ sərˈtɪfɪkəts. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə ˈsɪmptəmz wər nɑt prəˈdust baɪ ə ˈkrɑnɪk kənˈdɪʃən kɔzd baɪ ˈlɔŋˈtərm ɪkˈspoʊʒər, bət baɪ əˈkjut kənˈdɪʃənz dɪˈlɪbərətli ənd məˈlɪʃɪsli kriˈeɪtɪd. ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz, əm sərvd ɛz ðə ˈrisɔrs fər ˌtɑksəkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃənz ɪn ˈɑrsənɪk ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ ˈkeɪsɪz. ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 1846 ðə ˈoʊklənd gəˈzɛt ˌriˈpɔrtəd səˈspɪʃən sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə dɛθ əv wən ˈhɛriət ˈrəsəl. hər rɪˈmeɪnz wər ənd hər ˈstəmək ənd ˌɪnˈtɛstənz sɛnt tɪ æn ˈɑrbər fər ˈtɛstɪŋ. ˈsaɪləs ˈdəgləs əv ðə ˈkɛmɪstri dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈtɛstɪd ðə ˈsæmpəlz ənd faʊnd ˈɑrsənɪk. ˈhəzbənd wɑz ˈteɪkən ˈɪntu ˈkəstədi. ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 1861 ðə grænd ˈtrævərs ˈhɛrəld ˌriˈpɔrtəd əˈnəðər səˈspɪʃəs dɛθ. ˈdəgləs ˈænəˌlaɪzd ðə ˈstəmək ˈkɑntɛnts əv wən ˈnɪkələs əv ˈtrævərs ˈsɪti, ˈfaɪndɪŋ ə lɑrʤ kˈwɑntəti əv ˈɑrsənɪk. douglas’*’ skɪlz wər ɪmˈplɔɪd əˈgɛn ɪn 1865 ɪn ðə noʊˈtɔriəs ˈbætəl krik ˈheɪvilənd ˈmərdər keɪs ɪn wɪʧ ˈsɛrə ˈheɪvilənd wɑz əˈkjuzd əv ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ θri ˈʧɪldrən. hɪz ˈfaɪndɪŋz lɛd tɪ hər kənˈvɪkʃən. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈdəgləs, ˈəðər əm ˌtɑksɪˈkɑləʤɪsts ənd pəˈθɑləʤəsts sərvd ɛz ˈænəlɪsts ənd ˈɛkspərt ˈwɪtnəsɪz ɪn ˈɑrsənɪk ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ ˈkeɪsɪz. ɛz ˈɑrsənɪk wɑz ə leɪt ˌɪnˈgridiənt ɪn ɛmˈbɑmɪŋ fluɪd, poʊstˈmɔrtɛm ɛmˈbɑmɪŋ kʊd haɪd ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ əˈtɛmpts. ɪn ðə spərɪŋ əv 1892 ðə waɪf əv ˈmæθju ˈmɪlərd, ə ˈlidɪŋ ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn əv ˈkaʊnti, tʊk ɪl ənd daɪd. hər ˈhəzbənd, ə ˈwənˈtaɪm ˈəndərˌteɪkər, ɛmˈbɑmd hər wɪθ ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃənz əv ˈɑrsənɪk ɪn hər maʊθ ənd ˈrɛktəm ənd hæd hər ˈbɛrid. du tɪ səˈspɪʃənz əv ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ, ˈmɪsɪz. ˈmɪlərd wɑz ɛksˈhjumd 105 deɪz ˈleɪtər ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈtɪʃu ˈsæmpəlz wər ˈænəˌlaɪzd. ˈmɪsɪz. ˈmɪlərd wɑz re-buried*, ðɛn əˈgɛn soʊ ðət mɔr ˈsæmpəlz kʊd bi ˈteɪkən. ˈɑrsənɪk wɑz faʊnd ɪn hər ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈɔrgənz. ðə keɪs wɛnt tɪ kɔrt. ðə ˈlidɪŋ ˌtɑksəkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈtɛkstˌbʊk əv ðə deɪ tɔt ðət ˈɑrsənɪk kʊd nɑt sprɛd tɪ ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈɔrgənz ˈæftər dɛθ; ˈðɛrˌfɔr, sɛd ðə ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən, ˈmɪsɪz. ˈhəzbənd məst hæv ˈpɔɪzənd hər. ˈrɑbərt ənd əm ˌtɑksɪˈkɑləʤɪst ˈvɪktər vɔn ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd fər ðə dɪˈfɛns, seɪɪŋ ðət ˈɑrsənɪk kʊd ˌɪnˈdid sprɛd θruaʊt ðə ˈbɑdi ˈæftər dɛθ; ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ðə ˈpɔɪzən ɪn ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈɔrgənz dɪd nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ. tɪ pruv ɪt, vɔn ˈduplɪˌkeɪtɪd ðə ˈɑrsənɪk ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃən prəˈsiʤər ɔn ə kɔrps ənd ˈbɛrid ɪt. wɪn ɛksˈhjumd, ɪt wɑz faʊnd ðət ðə ˈɑrsənɪk hæd sprɛd tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈɔrgənz. ˈmɪlərd wɑz ˈəltəmətli əkˈwɪtɪd. ɪn ðə ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd 1895 nu jɔrk keɪs əv ˈmɛri ˈælɪs əˈlɛʤd baɪ klæm ˈʧaʊdər, vɔn ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd fər ðə ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən. ““dr*. vɔn ɪz ðə dɪˈskəvərər əv tyrotoxicon*, ðə ˈtoʊmeɪn ˈpɔɪzən faʊnd ɪn steɪl mɪlk, ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪz ə səˈlɛbrɪti fər ərˈɪʤənəl ˈrisərʧ ɪn ˌtɑksɪˈkɑləʤi ənd ˌfɪziəˈlɑʤɪkəl chemistry,”*,” roʊt ðə ʤun 11 1896 nu jɔrk taɪmz. ðə ˈstɔri wɛnt ɔn tɪ seɪ ðət vɔn ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd əˈbaʊt ðə taɪps ənd ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃənz əv ˈpɔɪzənz ənd dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ˈditeɪl ðə ˈsɪmptəmz əv ˈɑrsənɪk ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ. hi əˈgrid ðət ɪt əˈpɪrd ðət ˈmɛri ˈməðər hæd əˈpɛrəntli daɪd əv ˈɑrsənɪk ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ. ðoʊ ðə keɪs wɑz strɔŋ, ˈpɑpjələr ˈsɛnəmənt əv ðə taɪm ræn əˈgɛnst ðə dɛθ ˈpɛnəlti fər ə ˈwʊmən, ənd ˈmɛri ˈælɪs wɑz əkˈwɪtɪd. vɔn, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ əm pəˈθɑləʤəst ˈælfrɪd ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪdɪd æˈnælɪˌsiz ɪn ðə ˈspɑrlɪŋ ˈfæməli ˈpɔɪzənɪŋz ɪn ubly*, nɪr bæd æks ɪn θəm ˈɛriə. ðə ˈfɑðər, ʤɑn ˈspɑrlɪŋ ənd θri əv hɪz fɔr sənz, ˈpitər, ˈælbərt, ənd scyrel*, daɪd frəm ˈɑrsənɪk ənd ˈstrɪkˌnaɪn ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ ɪn ə keɪs ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlvd əˈlɛʤd ˌɪmprəˈpraɪətiz bɪtˈwin ðə ˈməðər ənd ə ˈloʊkəl ˈdɔktər, ˈrɑbərt məˈgrɛgər. məˈgrɛgər ɪnˈkərəʤd hər tɪ teɪk aʊt laɪf ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈpɑləsiz ɔn hər ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz. vɔn ənd faʊnd ˈɛvədəns əv ˈɑrsənɪk ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ, ənd məˈgrɛgər wɛnt tɪ ˈʤæksən steɪt ˈprɪzən wɪθ ə laɪf ˈsɛntəns, ðoʊ hi wɑz ˈleɪtər ˈpɑrdənd baɪ ˈgəvərnər ˈfɛrɪs. ˈnɪrli fɔr ˈdɛkeɪdz ˈərliər, ˈrɑbərt hæd dɪˈlɪvərd hɪz oʊn ˈvərdɪkt: ˈwɔlˌpeɪpərz məst bi ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪd frəm ðə steɪt. ɪn 1874 hi kəˈlɛktəd ˈnumərəs ˈwɔlˌpeɪpər ˈsæmpəlz frəm ˈdiˌtrɔɪt, ˈlænsɪŋ, ənd ˈʤæksən stɔrz, kət ðɛm ˈɪntu ˈpeɪʤɪz, ənd hæd ðɛm baʊnd ˈɪntu 100 bʊks wɪʧ hi dɪˈstrɪbjətəd tɪ ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz əraʊnd ˈmɪʃɪgən. ðə ˈdeɪnti ənd ɑrˈtɪstɪk ˈwɔlˌpeɪpər ˈsæmpəlz stænd ɪn ˈkɑntræst tɪ ə daɪər ˈbɪblɪkəl kwoʊˈteɪʃən ɔn ðə ˈtaɪtəl peɪʤ əv əv ðə wɔlz əv death”*”: ənd bɪˈhoʊld, ɪf ðə pleɪg bi ɪn ðə wɔlz əv ðə haʊs, wɪθ ˈhɑloʊ strakes*, ˈgrinɪʃ ər ˈrɛdɪʃ, ðɛn ðə prist ʃæl goʊ aʊt əv ðə haʊs tɪ ðə dɔr əv ðə haʊs, ənd ʃət əp ðə haʊs ˈsɛvən deɪz. ənd hi ʃæl kɔz ðə haʊs tɪ bi skreɪpt wɪˈθɪn raʊnd əˈbaʊt, ənd ðeɪ ʃæl pɔr aʊt ðə dəst ðət ðeɪ skreɪp ɔf wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈsɪti ˈɪntu ən ənˈklin pleɪs. ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ kæmˈpeɪn wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ hæv ˈpɔɪzənd wən ˈleɪdi hu ɪgˈzæmənd ðə bʊk, bət ɪt ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈifɛktɪvli ˈpəblɪˌsaɪzd ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz əv ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ə haʊs ˈpeɪpərd ɪn ˈɑrsənɪk. skræps əv ˈwɔlˌpeɪpər meɪ stɪl bi faʊnd hir ənd ðɛr ɪn hɪˈstɔrɪkəl hoʊmz, naʊ ˈmɪrli ən ænˈtik ˌkjʊriˈɑsəti tɪ bi riˈmuvd fər seɪk. ɪt ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə ˈsaɪlənt ˈɛvriˈdeɪ θrɛt dɪsˈgaɪzd ɛz ˈbjutəfəl ˈpætərnz ɔn ðə wɔlz. ˈmɪstəri ˈɑrtəˌfækt læst mənθ, ʤɪm riz ənd kərˈɛktli gɛst ðət ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt wɑz ə ˈbloʊˌtɔrʧ (ˈɑnərəbəl ˈmɛnʃən goʊz tɪ aɪˈrin ˈhibər fər ˈgɛsɪŋ ðət ɪt wɑz ən əˈsɛtəˌlin tɔrʧ ju wər raɪt əˈbaʊt ðə tɔrʧ pɑrt). ðɪs ˈɑrtəˌfækt ɪz ə ˈrisənt ˌækwəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə kəˈlɛkʃən (trænzˈleɪʃən: frəm ə ˈkərbˌsaɪd paɪl əv ʤəŋk waɪl ˈwɔkɪŋ ðə dɔgz) ənd aɪ weɪt tɪ traɪ ɪt aʊt! ɔn ˈsɛkənd θɔt, aɪ θɪŋk aɪ kən weɪt. ðɪs ˈmɪstəri ˈɑrtəˌfækt deɪts frəm ən ˈɪrə əv mɔr ˈlizərli kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən. ðɪs ˈtaɪni ˈsɪlɪndər hæd ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈfəŋkʃən, bət wət wɑz ɪt? wɛr ɪn ðə haʊs kʊd ju faɪnd ɪt? wət dɪd ɪt du? teɪk jʊr bɛst gɛs ənd gʊd lək! ˈlɔrə bin ɪz ðə ˈɔθər əv frəm ðə ˌɪpsəˈlænti archives”*” ənd ˈhɪstəri əv ypsilanti.”*.” ˈkɑnˌtækt hər æt ypsidixit@gmail.com*. ðə ˈkrɑnɪkəl rɪˈlaɪz ɪn pɑrt ɔn ˈrɛgjələr ˈvɑləntɛri səbˈskrɪpʃənz tɪ səˈpɔrt ɑr ˈkɑləmnəsts laɪk ˈlɔrə bin ənd ˈəðər kənˈtrɪbjətərz. ɪf ɔˈrɛdi səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ˈkrɑnɪkəl (ˈɑrsənɪk fri!), pliz ɪnˈkərəʤ jʊr frɛndz, ˈneɪbərz ənd ˈkoʊˈwərkərz tɪ du ðə seɪm. klɪk ðɪs lɪŋk fər ˈditeɪlz: səbˈskraɪb tɪ ðə ˈkrɑnɪkəl.
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a second-floor shelf of university of michigan’s buhr book storage facility contains michigan’s single most dangerous book.
it is one of only two known copies to exist in the state. if not for its historical importance, even the most fervent bibliophile might agree: the fewer copies in the world the better.
“shadows from the walls of death” is dangerous not in the sense of a book containing radical ideas. nor is it dangerous in the way a bomb-building manual might be. in fact, after the title page and preface, the following 86 pages, each one measuring about 22 by 30 inches, contain no printed words at all.
michigan state university holds the other copy of “shadows” in its special collections library division. the volume is sealed in a protective container, and each page is individually encapsulated.
prospective “readers” of “shadows” at the buhr building must wear blue plastic protective gloves. during a visit to the buhr some days ago, the book was wheeled out slowly on its individual cart. the marbled pattern on the cover showed through a protective thick-gauge plastic bag.
i held my breath as i gingerly eased open the cover, and while “reading” the pages i was careful to avoid any skin contact. “shadows” is saturated with a deadly amount of arsenic.
um alum robert kedzie created “shadows from the walls of death.” after receiving his degree with the medical school’s first graduating class, in 1851, kedzie established a medical practice in kalamazoo and later eaton county’s vermontville. he left his practice, along with his wife and three sons, to serve as a civil war surgeon with michigan’s 12th regiment. kedzie was captured and imprisoned at shiloh, but paroled.
in 1863 he returned to michigan to chair michigan agricultural college’s (msu’s) chemistry department. some three decades later, kedzie imported 1,700 pounds of beet seeds from europe in a campaign to assess the suitability of michigan soil for sugar beet production. the seed was sent to 400 lower peninsula farmers. of those, 228 responded and mailed beets back to lansing for analysis. they were found to contain 14% sugar. michigan’s beet sugar industry was born.
before donning the mantle of “father of the michigan beet sugar industry,” kedzie was elected to serve with the state’s board of health when it formed in 1873. he chaired the committee on “poisons, special sources of danger to life and health, &c.” kedzie wasted no time in reporting his chief concern in an essay, “poisonous papers,” included in the board of health’s inaugural 1874 report.
he called attention to a problem raised by massachusetts’ board of health in 1872 – the widespread use of wallpaper colored with arsenical pigment.
the story of napoleon poisoned by arsenical wallpaper while imprisoned on the island of st. helena in 1815 is a familiar rumor. largely forgotten, however, is that arsenical wallpaper was common and widely used in michigan, massachusetts, and elsewhere in the 19th-century united states. in 1887, the american medical association estimated that between 1879 and 1883, 54–65% of all wallpaper sold in the united states contained arsenic, a third of which at dangerous levels. over time, the poisonous pigment could flake or be brushed off the wallpaper and float in the air as inhalable dust or settle on furniture in the home.
kedzie cited several cases of wallpaper poisoning in his essay, including one from a family in manchester in washtenaw county.
the walls of one bed-room were covered with a paper the ground work of which was stone color with bands of bright green ornamented with gilt. the daughter, emma, aged 9, occupied this room for several months. soon after occupying the room her health began to fail, and she exhibited the following symptoms: lameness, resembling rheumatism, darting pains in various portions of the body; languor in the morning, feverishness, pains in the head and about the frontal sinuses, sores in various parts of the body, faint spells, turning white about the mouth, and great loss of flesh. the best medical advice that could be procured was obtained, but no essential improvement followed. whenever she left home for a few weeks her health improved; but she relapsed into her former condition on returning home.
kedzie tested the paper and found it contained a high level of arsenic. emma was removed from the room and regained her health.
an economical dye
originally a byproduct of the european mining industry, arsenic offered mining companies a means of profiting from a waste product, and offered manufacturers a means of obtaining a cheap dye. thousands of tons were annually imported to the united states. the substance produced lovely hues ranging from deep emerald to pale sea-green. arsenic could also be mixed into other colors, giving them a soft, appealing pastel appearance.
the first application of arsenic as a pigment was as a paint dye. the pale green shade caught on as a “refined” color. american manufacturers began using arsenic to color a range of consumer goods. children’s toys were painted with arsenical paint. arsenic-dyed paper was used in greeting cards, stationery, candy boxes, concert tickets, posters, food container labels, mailing labels, pamphlets, playing cards, book-bindings, and envelopes –envelopes the sender had to lick.
“a professor at the agricultural college,” wrote kedzie in “poisonous papers,” “brought home a package of lead pencils around which was a broad band of beautiful green paper. his little children, attracted by the beautiful color of this paper, wanted it to play with, but he handed it to me for analysis, and i found it contained enough arsenic to poison all of them.” kedzie went on to cite cases involving a baby’s toy box decorated with green paper, a u.s. express co. package with a green mailing label, and green store price tags, all of which tested positive for arsenic.
arsenic elsewhere
in 19th-century michigan, arsenic served as a home rat poison and insecticide – even childrens’ stuffed animals were dusted with it by manufacturers to prevent infestation. arsenic appeared in green lampshades, cosmetics, and copper cookware. it was used to color candy and glaze fudge. cheesemakers sometimes threw a pinch or two into the cheesemaking vat in the hope of killing ptomaine.
arsenic was an ingredient in many patent medicines. as late as 1921 the american medical association was still finding arsenic in patent medicines that included blue bell kidney tablets, botanic blood balm, wildroot dandruff remedy, dander-off, dr. miles’ restorative nervine, la franco vitalizer no. 200, and others. arsenic was also used in mainstream medicine as a treatment for syphilis.
arsenic was extensively used in 19th-century michigan agriculture as the ubiquitous insecticide “paris green.” it was dusted on tomatoes, potato foliage, cabbage, cucumbers, grapes, melons, and sprayed on fruit trees.
arsenic-dyed cloth led to an 1860s fad for emerald-green tarlatan-fabric ball gowns. luckily the trend was short-lived. the 1884 annual report from massachusetts’ state board of health, lunacy, and charity said, “attention has very frequently been called to the presence of large amounts of arsenic in green tarlatan, which has given rise so many times to dangerous symptoms of poisoning when made into dresses and worn, so that it is very rare now to see a green tarlatan dress.” the report continued:
this fabric is still used, however, to a very dangerous extent, chiefly for the purposes of ornamentation, and may often be seen embellishing the walls and tables at church and society fairs, and in confectionery, toy and dry-goods stores. the writer has repeatedly seen this poisonous fabric used at church fairs and picnics as a covering for confectionery and food, to protect the latter from flies. as is well known, the arsenical pigment is so loosely applied to the cloth that a portion of it easily separates upon the slightest motion. prof. hoffmann after examining a large number of specimens estimated that twenty or thirty grains of the pigment would separate from a dress per hour, when worn in a ball-room.
two to three grains (130-195 milligrams) could prove fatal if ingested.
arsenic was also used to dye stockings, underwear, curtains, millinery decorations, artificial flowers, and cloth linings for bassinettes and cribs in a variety of colors. green flannel boot linings impregnated with arsenic allegedly killed several california gravel miners in 1875. arsenic poisoning is still a concern for modern-day reenactors who wish to wear authentic victorian-era clothing.
mysterious poisonings
skin ulcerations are one symptom of arsenic poisoning. others include headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, patches of skin discoloration, hair loss, coughing, convulsions, and neuropathy in the hands and feet.
in 19th-century michigan, those symptoms pertained to a range of diseases. arsenic poisoning was often diagnosed as conditions that included “general debility,” neuralgia, consumption (tuberculosis), cholera, rheumatism, gastritis, dysentery, or paralysis – all of which commonly appear as causes of death on old michigan death certificates.
sometimes the symptoms were not produced by a chronic condition caused by long-term exposure, but by acute conditions deliberately and maliciously created. over the years, um served as the state’s resource for toxicological examinations in arsenic poisoning cases.
in the summer of 1846, the oakland gazette reported suspicion surrounding the death of one harriet russell. her remains were disinterred and her stomach and intestines sent to ann arbor for testing. silas douglas of the chemistry department tested the samples and found arsenic. russell’s husband was taken into custody.
in the summer of 1861, the grand traverse herald reported another suspicious death. douglas analyzed the stomach contents of one nicholas frankinburger of traverse city, finding a large quantity of arsenic. douglas’ skills were employed again in 1865 in the notorious battle creek haviland murder case in which sarah haviland was accused of poisoning three children. his findings led to her conviction.
in addition to douglas, other um toxicologists and pathologists served as analysts and expert witnesses in arsenic poisoning cases. as arsenic was a late 19th-century ingredient in embalming fluid, post-mortem embalming could hide ante-mortem poisoning attempts. in the spring of 1892 the wife of matthew millard, a leading businessman of ionia county, took ill and died. her husband, a onetime undertaker, embalmed her with injections of arsenic in her mouth and rectum and had her buried.
due to suspicions of poisoning, mrs. millard was exhumed 105 days later and several tissue samples were analyzed. mrs. millard was re-buried, then re-exhumed again so that more samples could be taken. arsenic was found in her internal organs.
the case went to court. the leading toxicological textbook of the day taught that arsenic could not spread to internal organs after death; therefore, said the prosecution, mrs. millard’s husband must have poisoned her. robert kedzie and um toxicologist victor vaughn testified for the defense, saying that arsenic could indeed spread throughout the body after death; the presence of the poison in the internal organs did not necessarily indicate ante-mortem poisoning. to prove it, vaughn duplicated the arsenic injection procedure on a corpse and buried it. when exhumed, it was found that the arsenic had spread to the internal organs. millard was ultimately acquitted.
in the celebrated 1895 new york case of mary alice fleming’s alleged matricide by clam chowder, vaughn testified for the prosecution. “dr. vaughn is the discoverer of tyrotoxicon, the ptomaine poison found in stale milk, and enjoys a world-wide celebrity for original research in toxicology and physiological chemistry,” wrote the june 11, 1896 new york times. the story went on to say that vaughn testified about the types and classifications of poisons and described in detail the symptoms of arsenic poisoning. he agreed that it appeared that mary alice’s mother had apparently died of arsenic poisoning. though the prosecution’s case was strong, popular sentiment of the time ran against the death penalty for a woman, and mary alice was acquitted.
vaughn, along with um pathologist alfred warthin also provided analyses in the 1909-1911 sparling family poisonings in ubly, near bad axe in michigan’s thumb area. the father, john sparling and three of his four sons, peter, albert, and scyrel, died from arsenic and strychnine poisoning in a case that involved alleged improprieties between the mother and a local doctor, robert macgregor. macgregor encouraged her to take out life insurance policies on her family members. vaughn and warthin found evidence of arsenic poisoning, and macgregor went to jackson state prison with a life sentence, though he was later pardoned by governor ferris.
nearly four decades earlier, robert kedzie had delivered his own verdict: arsenical wallpapers must be eliminated from the state. in 1874 he collected numerous wallpaper samples from detroit, lansing, and jackson stores, cut them into pages, and had them bound into 100 books which he distributed to libraries around michigan.
the dainty and artistic wallpaper samples stand in contrast to a dire biblical quotation on the title page of “shadows of the walls of death”:
and behold, if the plague be in the walls of the house, with hollow strakes, greenish or reddish, … then the priest shall go out of the house to the door of the house, and shut up the house seven days. … and he shall cause the house to be scraped within round about, and they shall pour out the dust that they scrape off without the city into an unclean place.
kedzie’s public health campaign was reported to have poisoned one lady who examined the book, but it otherwise effectively publicized the dangers of living in a house papered in arsenic. scraps of arsenical wallpaper may still be found here and there in historical homes, now merely an antique curiosity to be removed for safety’s sake. it is no longer a silent everyday threat disguised as beautiful patterns on the walls.
mystery artifact
last month, jim rees and poohbah correctly guessed that the object was a blowtorch (honorable mention goes to irene hieber for guessing that it was an acetylene torch – you were right about the torch part).
this artifact is a recent acquisition to the author’s collection (translation: scavenged from a curbside pile of junk while walking the dogs) and i can’t wait to try it out!
on second thought, i think i can wait.
this month’s mystery artifact dates from an era of more leisurely communication. this tiny cylinder had a specific function, but what was it?
where in the house could you find it?
what did it do?
take your best guess and good luck!
laura bien is the author of “tales from the ypsilanti archives” and “hidden history of ypsilanti.” contact her at ypsidixit@gmail.com.
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ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈstɑrtɪd: wət ɪz ən? gɪˈtɑr ɪz ə mˈjuzɪkəl tɛkˈnik wɛr ðə noʊts əv ə kɔrd ər pleɪd wən baɪ wən ɪn ə kənˈtɪnjuəs prəˈgrɛʃən ənd nɑt ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli strək təˈgɛðər ɛz ə kɔrd. ðə wərd kəmz frəm ðə ˌɪˈtæljən wərd ““arpeggiare”*”, ˈminɪŋ pleɪ ɔn ə harp”*”. əˈnəðər weɪ ðət ðɪs tərm ɪz ˈɔfən trænzˈleɪtəd ɪz ɛz chord”*”. [ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ brəʃ əp ɔn kɔrdz, wi hæv ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt mˈjuzɪk ˈθɪri ˈsɪriz wɪθ ə poʊst ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ˈlərnɪŋ gɪˈtɑr kɔrdz] fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ə si ˈmeɪʤər kɔrd kənˈteɪnz ðə noʊts si, i ənd ʤi. ˈɛni ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ðiz θri noʊts pleɪd kənˈsɛkjətɪvli kən bi rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ə si ˈmeɪʤər. ɪn ðə si ˈmeɪʤər skeɪl (cdefgab*) ðə noʊts si, i ənd ʤi ər ðə 1st*, ənd noʊts əv ðə skeɪl. ðɪs gɪvz ˈjuˈɛs ðə kɔrd ənd ˈfɔrmjələ 1 3 5 ɔn ðə gɪˈtɑr, ə si kʊd bi pleɪd ˈfɪŋgər staɪl wɪθ ˈoʊpən strɪŋz, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl: ðə seɪm si ˈmeɪʤər gɪˈtɑr kən bi pleɪd ɪn ˈdɪfərənt kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃənz ənd ˈpætərnz. ən ɪgˈzæmpəl ɔn haɪər frɛts fər lɛd gɪˈtɑr: ˌgɪˈtɑrɪsts juz ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli ɪn ˈsərtən mˈjuzɪk staɪlz, səʧ ɛz fˈjuʒən (ˈɔfən rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz ““shred”*”), ˈɔfən ɪmˈplɔɪɪŋ ðə tɛkˈnik tɪ pərˈfɔrm ðɛm. ər ˈɔlsoʊ ən ˈɪnəgrəl pɑrt əv ðə ʤæz ənd ˈklæsɪkəl voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛri, bət ər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ɪn ɔl ˈʒɑnrəz əv mˈjuzɪk. haʊ tɪ juz gɪˈtɑr gɪˈtɑr kən bi pleɪd əˈloʊn ər ɪn ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən wɪθ skeɪl noʊts. sɪns ər kɔrdz ɪn ˈsɪŋgəl noʊt fɔrm, ən wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz saʊnd ˈplizɪŋ ˈoʊvər ɪts ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ kɔrd ɪn ðə prəˈgrɛʃən. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðeɪ ˈʤɛnərəli fɔrm ðə məˈlɑdɪk bases’*’ ənd seɪf noʊts fər ˈɪmprəˌvaɪzɪŋ ˌgɪˈtɑrɪsts. ðeɪ kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi juzd tɪ ˈaʊˌtlaɪn ðə ˈhɑrməni ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈsoʊˌloʊ gɪˈtɑr pərˈfɔrməns wɪˈθaʊt ðə nid əv ˈhævɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən pleɪ ðə əˈkəmpəniɪŋ kɔrdz. ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ swɪʧ tɪ ðə nɛkst ˈɛvəri taɪm ðə kɔrd ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. wɪʧ gɪˈtɑr tɪ lərn fərst aɪ wʊd ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd fərst ˈlərnɪŋ ðə ˈmeɪʤər traɪæd 1 3 5 ənd ðə ˈmaɪnər traɪæd 1 5, ðə moʊst ˈkɑmənli juzd ɪn mˈjuzɪk. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðət, lərn fər ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ kɔrdz (ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈɪmɪʤɪz ɪn si); 1 3 5 7 1 5 1 3 5 1 [noʊt: ðiz ˈɪmɪʤɪz ər wɪˈθɪn sərʧ ˈfəŋkʃən. ˈsɪmpli klɪk ɔn ðə finder”*” ˈbətən ɔn ðə ˈmɛnju ənd ˈizəli lʊk əp ˈɛni kɔrd baɪ ˈɛnərɪŋ ɪts neɪm, toʊnz ər ˈtɛnʧənz.] aɪ səˈʤɛst ˈlərnɪŋ tu ˈpætərnz; wən wɪθ ðə rut ɔn ðə i strɪŋ ənd ðə ˈəðər wɪθ ðə rut ɔn ðə ə strɪŋ. ðɪs meɪks trænˈzɪʃənɪŋ frəm kɔrd tɪ kɔrd ˈiziər wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ meɪk bɪg ʤəmps əˈkrɔs ðə fretboard*. ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ɛz ən ˈɛksərˌsaɪz, traɪ tɪ pleɪ ə bluz ɪn ə ˈjuzɪŋ ʤɪst kɔrd ənd rɪˈspɛktɪvli). ˈæftər ˈtreɪnɪŋ jʊr ɪr tɪ hir ðə kɔrd toʊnz, ˈnoʊtɪs ðət ju fil ˈkloʊzər kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ðə prəˈgrɛʃən. ˈhoʊpfəli ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ pleɪ fɑr mɔr ˈteɪstfəl ənd mˈjuzɪkəl aɪˈdiəz. wɪn ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ ənd ˈlərnɪŋ gɪˈtɑr ˈsoʊloʊz frəm jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt gɪˈtɑr pleɪərz, ju ʃʊd lʊk fər ðɛr juz əv kɔrd toʊnz ənd haʊ ənd wɛr pleɪd ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ðə kɔrd prəˈgrɛʃən. groʊ ə lɔt ˈfæstər ɛz ə gɪˈtɑr pleɪər ɛz ju bɪˈkəm mɔr fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv choice”*” ənd ˈðɛrˈbaɪ, məˈlɑdɪk kənˈtroʊl. ɪf ju faʊnd ðɪs poʊst ˈhɛlpfəl, ju maɪt ˈɔlsoʊ laɪk tɪ rɛd ˈθɪri fər bɪˈgɪnərz 2 invervals”*” ər weɪz tɪ ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪ ˈbɛri chords”*”.
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getting started: what is an arpeggio?
guitar arpeggios is a musical technique where the notes of a chord are played one by one in a continuous progression and not simultaneously struck together as a chord. the word comes from the italian word “arpeggiare”, meaning “to play on a harp”. another way that this term is often translated is as “broken chord”. [if you want to brush up on chords, we have a separate music theory series with a post dedicated to learning guitar chords]
for example, a c major chord contains the notes c, e and g. any combination of these three notes played consecutively can be regarded as a c major arpeggio. in the c major scale (cdefgab) the notes c, e and g are the 1st, 3rd and 5th notes of the scale. this gives us the chord and arpeggio formula 1 3 5.
on the guitar, a c arpeggio could be played finger style with open strings, for example:
the same c major guitar arpeggio can be played in different configurations and patterns. here’s an example on higher frets for lead guitar:
guitarists use arpeggios extensively in certain music styles, such as neo-classical fusion (often referred to as “shred”), often employing the sweep-picking technique to perform them. arpeggios are also an integral part of the jazz and classical vocabulary, but are represented in all genres of music.
how to use guitar arpeggios
guitar arpeggios can be played alone or in combination with scale notes. since arpeggios are chords in single note form, an arpeggio will always sound pleasing over its corresponding chord in the progression. as a result, they generally form the melodic ‘home bases’ and safe notes for improvising guitarists. they can also be used to outline the harmony during a solo guitar performance without the need of having someone play the accompanying chords. it’s important to switch to the next arpeggio every time the chord changes.
which guitar arpeggios to learn first
i would recommend first learning the major triad (1 3 5) and the minor triad (1 b3 5) arpeggios, the most commonly used arpeggios in music.
following that, learn arpeggios for the following chords (example images in c);
maj7 (1 3 5 7)
m7 (1 b3 5 b7)
dom7 (1 3 5 b7)
m7b5 (1 b3 b5 b7)
[note: these images are screenshots within uberchord app’s search function. simply click on the “chord finder” button on the menu and easily look up any chord by entering its name, tones or tensions.]
i suggest learning two patterns; one with the root on the e string and the other with the root on the a string. this makes transitioning from chord to chord easier without having to make big jumps across the fretboard.
application of arpeggios
as an exercise, try to play a i-iv-v blues in a using just chord arpeggios (a7, d7 and e7, respectively). after training your ear to hear the chord tones, you’ll notice that you feel closer connected to the progression. hopefully as a result, you’ll be able to play far more tasteful and musical ideas.
when analyzing and learning guitar solos from your favorite guitar players, you should look for their use of chord tones and how and where they’re played in relation to the chord progression. you’ll grow a lot faster as a guitar player as you become more familiar with the concept of “note choice” and thereby, melodic control.
if you found this post helpful, you might also like to read “music theory for beginners #2: invervals” or “3 ways to simplify barre chords”.
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wɪθ ˈmɪsəl tɛsts frəm nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə, ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ θrɛts əv ˈgloʊbəl ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ənd ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl ənˈsərtənti frəm æfˈgænəˌstæn tɪ ˈsɪriə ənd ˌɪˈrɑk, ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈɛkspərts ər siɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrist ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd dɪˈfɛns ˈsɛktər. ju ˈstəmbəl əˈkrɔs ə ˈsɛktər əv ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ðət ɪz ʤɪst ɪn ðə raɪt pleɪs æt ðə raɪt time,”*,” noʊts ˈdeɪvɪd ˈfeɪbiən, ˈməni ˈmænɪʤər ənd ˈɛdɪtər əv ðə ˈflɛksəbəl groʊθ ənd ˈɪnˌkəm rɪˈpɔrt. ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌʤioʊpəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, hi səˈʤɛsts, ɪz ðə ˈsɛnəmənt ˈdraɪvɪŋ strɔŋ praɪs ˈækʃən ɪn ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ənd dɪˈfɛns stɑks. ən ˈspɛʃəlɪst, ˈfeɪbiən pɔɪnts tɪ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst fənd ðət træks ðɪs juz. ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs dɪˈfɛns, ə ˈpæsɪvli ˈmænɪʤd ˈɪndɛks fənd həz ˈbɪljən ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ 39 stɑks səʧ ɛz boʊɪŋ, juˈnaɪtɪd tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ənd ˈlɑˌkhid ˈmɑrtɪn. əˈnəðər ɪˈstæblɪʃt fənd ɪn ðɪs klæs əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈfeɪbiən ɪz ðə ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ənd dɪˈfɛns pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ. ðɪs teɪks ə ˈbrɔdər əˈproʊʧ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ 52 dɪˈfɛns stɑks. ðə ˈʧipəst fənd ɪn ðɪs grup, hi noʊts, ɪz ðə ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs dɪˈfɛns, huz 38 ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˈhoʊldɪŋz ər əˈkrɔs ðə bɔrd. ðɪs əˈproʊʧ tɪ ˈweɪtɪŋ, hi ɪkˈspleɪnz, prəˈvaɪdz sˈmɔlər ˈkəmpəˌniz wɪθ ə ˈgreɪtər ʃɛr əv ðə ˈæˌsɛts ənd əˈlaʊz ðɛm tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut ˈminɪŋfəli tɪ pərˈfɔrməns. ðə fənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈʧɑrʤɪz ðə loʊəst ɪkˈspɛns ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ əv ɪts pɪrz æt ʤɪst ˈfeɪbiən ˈkɔʃənz ðət ðə dɪˈfɛns ˈsɛktər tɛndz tɪ bi mɔr əˈgrɛsɪv ənd pəˈtɛnʃəli mɔr ˈvɑlətəl ðən ðə ˈbrɔdər ˈmɑrkɪt beɪst ɔn ðɛr ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊz. ɛz səʧ, ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ʃʊd teɪk sˈmɔlər, ˈtæktɪkəl pəˈzɪʃənz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ə trəˈdɪʃənəl kɔr ˈhoʊldɪŋ. ʤɑn persinos*, ˈɛdɪtər əv ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ ˈpərsɪnəl ˈfaɪˌnæns, ˈɔlsoʊ lʊks æt ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs dɪˈfɛns fənd ɛz hɪz tɔp ʧɔɪs əˈməŋ dɪˈfɛns fəndz. hi kɔlz ðə tɔp ˈhoʊldɪŋz ə who”*” əv ˈmeɪʤər dɪˈfɛns ˈkɑnˌtræktərz, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət iʧ ɪz pɔɪzd fər ə bum ɛz ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli busts dɪˈfɛns ˈspɛndɪŋ. ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn ˈspɛndɪŋ tɛndz tɪ bi ˌriˈsɛʃən ənd ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən rɪˈzɪstənt, ðə fənd ɪz ə dɪˈfɛnsɪv groʊθ pleɪ ðət ˈɔlsoʊ sərvz ɛz ə hedge.”*.” əˈməŋ ðə ˈhoʊldɪŋz, hi pɔɪnts tɪ traɪəmf grup ɛz ə ““picks-and-shovels”*” pleɪ ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl fər dɪˈfɛns ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz; ˈlɑˌkhid ˈmɑrtɪn, ˈmeɪkər əv ðə ʤɔɪnt straɪk ˈfaɪtər ənd ðə ˈkɑmbæt ʤɛt ənd boʊɪŋ, huz ˈfaɪtər ʤɛts ənd droʊnz ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ kənˈsɪstənt dɪˈmænd frəm ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn ənd ˈfɔrən ˈneɪʃənz. ˈpitər, ˈməni ˈmænɪʤər ənd ˈɛdɪtər əv ˈloʊˌgoʊz ˈɛlˈpi blɔg, prɪˈfərz səˈlɛktɪŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl stɑks, ənd hɪz tɔp dɪˈfɛns ˈsɛktər pleɪ ɪz ˈhəntɪŋtən ˌɪŋˈgɔlz ˈɪndəstriz, ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈʃɪpˌbɪldər ɪn ðə juz., wɪθ ˈoʊvər 70 ˈmɑrkɪt ʃɛr ɪn ðə kənˈstrəkʃən ənd rɪˈpɛr əv ʃɪps ənd bəˈlɪstɪk ˈmɪsəl ˈsəbmərˌinz. sɪz ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ə strɔŋ ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈproʊˌfaɪl ˈoʊvər ðə pæst 7 jɪrz: groʊs ˈmɑrʤənz hæv groʊn ˈrəfli 53 fri kæʃ floʊ həz ˈnɪrli kwɑˈdrupəld, bʊk ˈvælju pər ʃɛr həz groʊn ˈoʊvər 50 ənd rɪˈtərn ɔn ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd ˈkæpɪtəl həz groʊn frəm ɪn 2012 tɪ ɪn 2017 wɪθ ðə læst ˈævərɪʤ biɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈdəbəl digits.”*.” ðə ˈvælju ˈmænɪʤər siz ðət hi bɪˈlivz ər kwaɪt sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu 2030 ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz ə ˈbæˌklɔg əv ˈoʊvər 20 ˈbɪljən ənd ʤɪst ˈrisəntli wən əˈnəðər 3 ˈbɪljən ˈneɪvi ˈkɑnˌtrækt. ðə ˈneɪvi nidz nu ʃɪps ənd ˈvɛsəlz. hi ˈkɔʃənz ðə rɪsks ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ biɪŋ taɪd tɪ juz. ˈgəvərnmənt ˈbəʤɪts bət kənˈkludz ðət ðə stɑk ˈɔfərz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt pəˈtɛnʃəl. bɑb, ˈɛdɪtər waɪət ˈdeɪli ˈprɑfɪt, bɪˈlivz ðət ˈʤɛnərəl daɪˈnæmɪks ənd ˈreɪθiɑn ər tɪ ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm prəˈpoʊzd ˈʤɛnərəs haɪks ɪn ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈspɛndɪŋ. ˈʤɛnərəl dynamics’*’ kɔr ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˌsɛgˈmɛnts, hi noʊts, ər ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs, ˈkɑmbæt ˈsɪstəmz, ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɪstəmz tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd mərˈin ˈsɪstəmz. ˈʤɛnərəl dynamics’*’ ˈərnɪŋz pər ʃɛr ˌɪnˈkrist 9 læst jɪr, ənd ɪkˈspɛkts ðɪs trɛnd tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ raɪz ɪn 2017 ðə stɑk, hi ædz, ɪz ə rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈdɪvɪˌdɛnd peɪər: ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz ˌɪnˈkrist ɪts ˈdɪvɪˌdɛnd fər 25 kənˈsɛkjətɪv jɪrz. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈreɪθiɑn ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪz ɪn dɪˈfɛns, ˈsɪvəl ˈgəvərnmənt ənd səˈluʃənz; ɔl ər ˈɪʃuz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ haɪ ˈɪntəˌrɛst, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ. ɪts ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ dɪˈvɪʒən læst jɪr, hi noʊts, wɑz ɪts ˈmɪsəl ˈsɪstəmz ˈbɪznɪs, du ˈlɑrʤli tɪ strɔŋ ˈɔrdərz fər ɪts bɔm ˈproʊˌgræm. ɪn 2017 ənd bɪɔnd, ðə ædˈvaɪzər səˈʤɛsts, ˈreɪθiɑn ɪz fər kənˈtɪnjud groʊθ əˈməŋ ˈəðər dɪˈfɛns stɑks. ˈprɑdəkt ənd ˈsərvɪs ˈlaɪˌnəp əv ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks, ˈmɪʃən ˈsɪstəmz ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən, ˈsɛnsɪŋ ənd ˈmɪʃən səˈpɔrt, hi əˈsərts, ʃʊd si dɪˈmænd ɪn taɪmz əv ˈgloʊbəl uncertainty.”*.” ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən əv trəmp, groʊθ stɑk ˈspɛʃəlɪst mɑrk ˈskusən lɔnʧt ə nu ædˈvaɪzəri service—*— ðə 1600 əˈlərt ɔn stɑks ðət wʊd ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ðə nu ˈpɑləsiz. əˈməŋ ðə ““trump-fueled”*” stɑks ɪn hɪz ˈmɑdəl pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ ɪz boʊɪŋ. ɪn meɪ, noʊts ˈskusən, ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn səkˈsɛsfəli ˈtɛstɪd ə dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈmɪsəl ɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn fər ə ˈproʊˌgræm eɪmd æt prəˈtɛktɪŋ juz. əˈgɛnst ə nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən θrɛt. boʊɪŋ ˈmænɪʤd ðə ˈsɪstəm. ðə ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ˈkəmpəˌni ˈɔlsoʊ hoʊldz dɪˈfɛns ˈkɑnˌtrækts ɪkˈsidɪŋ 28 ˈbɪljən ɪn 2015 boʊɪŋ ˈɔlsoʊ pɪkt əp ə ˈbɪljən ˈkɑnˌtrækt fər juz. ˈɑrmi əˈpæʧi ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz ənd ə ˈbɪljən ˈneɪvi ʤɛt dil. sɪz ˈskusən, ˈdɑnəld trəmp ɛz ˈprɛzɪdənt, ənd ɑrmz dilz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ əraʊnd ðə wərld, dɪˈfɛns ˈspɛndɪŋ kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ groʊ ˈgloʊbəli. ˈbʊlɪʃ fər boeing.”*.”
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with missile tests from north korea, ongoing threats of global terrorism and geopolitical uncertainty from afghanistan to syria and iraq, investment experts are seeing increased opportunities in the military and defense sector.
“sometimes you stumble across a sector of the market that is just in the right place at the right time,” notes david fabian, money manager and editor of the flexible growth and income report.
the current geopolitical environment, he suggests, is the sentiment driving strong price action in aerospace and defense stocks. an etf specialist, fabian points to the largest exchange-traded fund that tracks this group—ishares u.s. aerospace & defense etf, a passively managed index fund has $2.9 billion dedicated to 39 large-cap stocks such as boeing, united technologies and lockheed martin.
another established fund in this class according to fabian is the powershares aerospace and defense portfolio. this etf takes a broader approach, including 52 defense stocks. the cheapest fund in this group, he notes, is the spdr s&p aerospace & defense etf, whose 38 underlying holdings are equal-weighted across the board. this approach to weighting, he explains, provides smaller companies with a greater share of the fund’s assets and allows them to contribute meaningfully to performance.
the fund also charges the lowest expense ratio of its peers at just 0.35%. fabian cautions that the defense sector tends to be more aggressive and potentially more volatile than the broader market based on their concentrated portfolios. as such, investors should take smaller, tactical positions compared to a traditional core holding.
john persinos, editor of investing daily’s personal finance, also looks at spdr s&p aerospace & defense fund as his top choice among defense funds. he calls the fund’s top holdings a “who’s who” of major defense contractors, noting that each is poised for a multi-year boom as the trump administration significantly boosts defense spending. “because pentagon spending tends to be recession and inflation resistant, the fund is a defensive growth play that also serves double-duty as a hedge.”
among the fund’s holdings, he points to triumph group as a “picks-and-shovels” play that’s indispensable for blue-chip defense manufacturers; lockheed martin, maker of the f-35 joint strike fighter and the f-16 combat jet and boeing, whose fighter jets and drones enjoy consistent demand from the pentagon and foreign nations.
peter mantas, value-oriented money manager and editor of logos lp blog, prefers selecting individual stocks, and his top defense sector play is huntington ingalls industries, the largest military shipbuilder in the u.s., with over 70% market share in the construction and repair of nuclear-powered ships and ballistic missile submarines.
mantas says the company “has a strong operating profile over the past 7 years: gross margins have grown roughly 53%, free cash flow has nearly quadrupled, book value per share has grown over 50%, and return on invested capital has grown from 8.30% in 2012 to 21.35% in 2017, with the last 4-year average being in the mid-to-high double digits.”
the value manager sees tailwinds that he believes are quite significant going into 2030, noting that the company has a backlog of over $20 billion and just recently won another $3 billion navy contract. the navy needs new ships and vessels. he cautions the risks involved with being tied to u.s. government budgets but concludes that the stock offers significant potential.
bob ciura, editor wyatt research’s daily profit, believes that general dynamics and raytheon are well-positioned to benefit from proposed generous hikes in military spending. general dynamics’ core operating segments, he notes, are aerospace, combat systems, information systems technology and marine systems. general dynamics’ earnings per share increased 9% last year, and ciura expects this trend to continue to rise in 2017. the stock, he adds, is a reliable dividend payer: the company has increased its dividend for 25 consecutive years. meanwhile, raytheon specializes in defense, civil government and cybersecurity solutions; all are hot-button issues generating high interest, according to ciura. its best-performing operating division last year, he notes, was its missile systems business, due largely to strong orders for its paveway laser-guided bomb program.
in 2017 and beyond, the advisor suggests, raytheon is well-positioned for continued growth among other defense stocks. raytheon’s product and service lineup of electronics, mission systems integration, sensing and mission support, he asserts, should see “strong demand in times of global uncertainty.”
following the election of trump, growth stock specialist mark skousen launched a new advisory service— the 1600 alert —focused on stocks that would benefit from the new administration’s policies. among the “trump-fueled” stocks in his model portfolio is boeing. in may, notes skousen, the pentagon successfully tested a defensive missile in a major milestone for a program aimed at protecting u.s. against a north korean threat. boeing managed the system. the chicago-based aerospace company also holds defense contracts exceeding $28 billion in 2015. boeing also picked up a $3.4 billion contract for u.s. army apache helicopters and a $4.2 billion navy jet deal. says skousen, “with donald trump as president, and arms deals increasing around the world, defense spending continues to grow globally. that’s bullish for boeing.”
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ˌɪnˈgridiənts graʊnd bif (lin ər ˈrɛgjələr) 1 ˈjɛloʊ ˈənjən, ˈθɪnli slaɪst 1 lɑrʤ ˈgɑrlɪk, ˈfaɪnli slaɪst ˌhɪməˈleɪən ər faɪn si sɔlt ˈfrɛʃli krækt blæk ˈpɛpər 2 kəps ˈwɔtər 3 kəps bif brɔθ 2 ˈdiˌʒɑn ˈməstərd 1 frɛʃ ˈroʊzˌmɛri, ˈfaɪnli ʧɑpt 1 frɛʃ seɪʤ, ˈfaɪnli ʧɑpt ˈməʃrumz, slaɪst (əˈprɑksəmətli 8 ˈmidiəm ˈməʃrumz) 1 frɛʃ ˈpɑrsli, ˈfaɪnli ʧɑpt 1 kəp saʊər krim 1 ˈæmərˌænθ flaʊər ɪn 1 kəp əv ˈwɔtər 8 ˈjɛloʊ ənd grin zuˈkiniz ɪn ˈrɪbənz ər ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz ə lɑrʤ pæn ˈkoʊtɪd wɪθ ˈsənˌflaʊər ɔɪl ˈoʊvər haɪ hit ənd braʊn ənd sɪr ðə bif soʊ ɪts wɛl kʊkt ənd ɪf ju ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ krənʧ, tɪ fɔrm ə nis ˈgoʊldən krəst ɔn ɔl saɪdz. æd ˈənjənz, ˈgɑrlɪk, sɔlt, ˈpɛpər, loʊər hit tɪ ˈmidiəm ənd kənˈtɪnju ˈkʊkɪŋ ənˈtɪl ðə ˈənjənz ər ˈsɔfənd. æd 2 kəps əv bif brɔθ, ˈdiˌʒɑn ˈməstərd ənd frɛʃ ˈroʊzˌmɛri ənd seɪʤ ənd stər ənˈtɪl ðə ˈməstərd ɪz mɪkst ɪn. loʊər hit ənd ˈsɪmər ənˈtɪl ðə ˈlɪkwɪd ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst kəmˈplitli ɪˈvæpərˌeɪtɪd ðɛn æd 2 kəps əv ˈwɔtər ənd rɪˈpit ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt, ju wɔnt tɪ æd jʊr ˈməʃrumz, bif brɔθ ənd ˈæmərˌænθ flaʊər ɪn ˈwɔtər. brɪŋ bæk tɪ ə ˈsɪmər ənd kənˈtɪnju ˈkʊkɪŋ ənˈtɪl jʊr lɛft wɪθ ə nis, θɪk sɔs; tərn ɔf ðə hit. ɪn ə ˈmɪksɪŋ boʊl, æd saʊər krim, ənd əˈbaʊt ə kəp əv jʊr ˈkʊkɪŋ ˈlɪkwɪd. mɪks wɪθ ə wɪsk ənˈtɪl ˈfʊli kəmˈbaɪnd ənd æd ðət tɪ ðə pæn. æd frɛʃ ˈpɑrsli ənd stər ˈdɛləkətli ənˈtɪl ɔl ɪz wɛl kəmˈbaɪnd. sərv ˈoʊvər zuˈkini ˈnudəlz, ər ɔn ɪts oʊn! ðɪs ɪz ə greɪt bif ˈstroʊgəˌnɔf ˈrɛsəpi ə rɪʧ, ˈkrimi, ˈbifi ˈgreɪvi wɪθ tənz əv aɪ faʊnd ðɪs ˈrɛsəpi ɔn əˈnəðər blɔg ənd ɪt hæd soʊ məʧ ˈstɔri tɪ ɪt aɪ hæd tɪ raɪt maɪ oʊn. aɪ prɪˈfər ˈrɛsəpi blɔgz wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈgridiənts æt ðə tɔp, tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈiziər tɪ vju ɔn ˈmoʊbəl fər ˈʃɑpɪŋ ənd ˈrɛdɪŋ waɪl ˈkʊkɪŋ. soʊ bɛr wɪθ mi, aɪl raɪt ˈæftər.. ˈmeɪbi! ɛz ju kən si əm nɑt məʧ əv ə ˈraɪtər ʃɔrt ɔn wərdz, bɪg ɔn ɪz səʧ ə dɪˈlɪʃəs ˈrɛsəpi, meɪks fər 6 wɪθ ðə nuˈtrɪʃənəl fækts (wɪˈθaʊt zoodles*) ʤi fæt 0 ʤi nɛt ʤi kən rɪˈdus ðə ˈkælɔˌriz baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈlinər graʊnd bif ənd grik ˈjoʊgərt ər ˈhævɪŋ ðə saʊər krim. ɪf ju wɔnt ju kən juz ˌɪnˈsaɪd raʊnd steɪk kət ˈɪntu kjubz ər strɪps ənd pɑp ɪt ɪn ðə krɑk pɑt soʊ ɪts mɛlt ɪn jʊr maʊθ ˈbifi deliciousness*, bət əm ə graʊnd bif ˈkɪndə gal.enjoy*!
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ingredients
800g ground beef (lean or regular)
1 yellowon, thinly sliced
1 large clove garlic, finely sliced
½ tsp himalayan or fine sea salt
½ tsp freshly cracked black pepper
2 cups water
3 cups beef broth
2 tbsp dijon mustard
1 tbsp fresh rosemary, finely chopped
1 tsp fresh sage, finely chopped
450g crimini mushrooms, sliced (approximately 8 medium mushrooms)
1 tbsp fresh parsley, finely chopped
1 cup sour cream
1 tbsp amaranth flour in 1 cup of water
8 yellow and green zucchinis in ribbons or spirals*
instructions
preheat a large pan coated with sunflower oil over high heat and brown and sear the beef so it's well cooked and if you enjoy crunch, to form a nice golden crust on all sides. addons, garlic, salt, pepper, lower heat to medium and continue cooking until theons are softened. add 2 cups of beef broth, dijon mustard and fresh rosemary and sage and stir until the mustard is mixed in. lower heat and simmer until the liquid is almost completely evaporated then add 2 cups of water and repeat thes. at this point, you want to add your mushrooms, beef broth and amaranth flour in water. bring back to a simmer and continue cooking until you're left with a nice, thick sauce; turn off the heat. in a mixing bowl, add sour cream, and about a cup of your cooking liquid. mix with a whisk until fully combined and add that to the pan. add fresh parsley and stir delicately until all is well combined. serve over zucchini noodles, or on it's own!
this is a great beef stroganoff recipe - a rich, creamy, beefy gravy with tons of mushrooms!so i found this recipe on another blog and it had so much story to it i had to write my own. i prefer recipe blogs with the ingredients at the top, to make it easier to view on mobile for shopping and reading while cooking. so bear with me, i'll write after.. maybe! as you can see i'm not much of a writer ;) short on words, big on flavor!this is such a delicious recipe, makes for 6 with the nutritional facts (without zoodles) as:484 calories37 g fat (0 trans)8.3 g net carbs27.7 g proteinyou can reduce the calories by using a leaner ground beef and greek yogurt or halving the sour cream. if you want you can use inside round steak cut into cubes or strips and pop it in the crock pot so it's melt in your mouth beefy deliciousness, but i'm a ground beef kinda gal.enjoy!
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foto*: ˈɪndɛks peɪt, ə ni ɛs, osobe*. tɪ ʤi aɪ su općinski*, aɪ ˈsudə, aɪ. ʤi ni ju, ni njih*, ju 14 su ju kəˈjaɪmə su biografije*, aɪ ræd aɪ, ˈdiˈeɪ aɪ nɑ tɪ hrvatske*. su ju ni odredba*, baɪ ju nɑ aɪ osobe*, ju kolege*. ju aɪ seɪ ti nɑ, ni tzv*., iznosa*. ni ju, ˈsudə ti baɪ seɪ interesa*, seɪ ni nɑ nɑ ˈrɑdi, već*ć seɪ. primijetili*, ʤi ju ˈkoʊʤi ju, noʊ ni aɪ ni ju. ʤi teška*" poʊ ˈsudə seɪ aɪ tɪ ʤi tɑ teška*, ˈdiˈeɪ ʤi bɑl. poʊ su bɑl poʊ intenzitetu*, aɪ ju ju ʤi iznesena*, ə ju aɪ, aɪ", ju 14 su næm deɪn nɑ ə su aɪ. 50 ˈkjunə. ˈɑli aɪ seɪ aɪ ju presudama*, ju kəˈjaɪmə seɪ ˈdiˈeɪ aɪ ju ju nɑ. šštoviše*,, ˈdiˈeɪ ʤi sutkinju*,, ju ju, ə aɪ wən ʤi ˈdiˈeɪ ʤi. "sića*" mesić*ć ʤi nɑ 25 ˈkjunə ju ʤi ˈdiˈeɪ ʤi mesić*ć ju patria*. ni ju, ɔn ju ju 40 ˈkjunə. 70 ˈkjunə tɪ ʤi, su, ˈkoʊʤi. ju proučavali*, baɪoʊ ʤi 70 ˈkjunə. ˈkoʊʤi stɑr ʤi goʊˈdinə, ˈɑli seɪ ju vrijeme*. su seɪ ʤi ju seɪ goʊˈdinə, ˈsudə ju 80 ˈkjunə. ˈkoʊʤi seɪ ju ʤi tɪ ʤi,, keɪoʊ maneken*. ʤi aɪ tɪ ˈdiˈeɪ oʊ toʊm ˈmɔrə novinarima*. seɪ poʊ riječima*, ʤi ˈbilə razloga*, ˈɑli ʤi tɪ ˈdiˈeɪ su ju tɑm aɪ, ˈɑli aɪ sæm oʊ tɑm. oʊ toʊm ˈdiˈeɪ ni ɛs 90 ˈkjunə ʤi ʤi ˈsudə ʤi ˈdiˈeɪ ʤi "vukao*" ju zastaru*. ju ˈdiˈeɪ su ˈdiˈeɪ aɪ ɛs posla*". ˈkoʊʤi seɪ ˈdugoʊ "ju ladici*" su, ə ju aɪd ju aɪ seɪ tɪ ˈdiˈeɪ ni "materiju*", ˈdiˈeɪ ni jezikom*" ti ˈdiˈeɪ. oʊ aɪ 70 ˈkjunə ʤi ju ʤi ˈkoʊʤi 16 goʊˈdinə. ʤi 17 goʊˈdinə ju stana*, ə ʤi ti ti 50 ˈkjunə. ju ʤi seɪ ˈdiˈeɪ ˈdugoʊ sutkinju*. oʊ ˈsudə goʊˈdinə ˈdoʊˌbroʊ nɑ pɑ ʤi ju 250 ˈkjunə ˈkoʊʤi su biografiju*. ʤi bezbroj*, keɪoʊ ʤi ˈsudə ˈkoʊʤi ʤi 100 ˈkjunə aɪ tɪ ˈkoʊʤi ʤi silovatelja*. ju aɪ tɪ ˈdiˈeɪ su baɪ seɪ ˈsudə. ˈbilə ju keɪoʊ seɪ tɪ ˈdiˈeɪ ʤi ti ˈdiˈeɪ isprika*. aɪ, ju kəˈjaɪmə seɪ ˈdiˈeɪ ʤi kritiziraju*, ə peɪt nɑ ræd. ʤi 75 ˈkjunə ju seɪ glavaša*. ju ʤi baɪoʊ "istinit*, aɪ uvjerljiv*" keɪoʊ aɪ tɪ ˈdiˈeɪ. 50 ˈkjunə ʤi seɪ tɪ ʤi oʊ kartici*.
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foto: index
hrvatski suci najviše pate od duševnih boli, a razina njihove boli nije usporediva ni s institucijom hrvatskog predsjednika, premijera ili ikoje druge javne osobe.
to je zaključak istraživanja indexa i analize pravomoćnih presuda koje su općinski, županijski i suci vrhovnog suda dobili protiv medija, medijskih nakladnika i novinara.
ugled suca je neusporediv
ne ulazeći u moguću krivnju tih medija, odnosno ne osporavajući presude protiv njih, u analizi 14 presuda koje su nastale zbog novinskih članaka u kojima su novinari propitivali biografije, odluke i rad sutkinja i sudaca, otkrili smo da suci mogu računati i na triput veće novčane naknade za duševne boli nego što to mogu svi drugi građani
hrvatske.
suci su ipak drugačiji
iako u nijednom zakonu ne postoji nijedna odredba, niti postoji posebno zakonsko pravilo kojim bi suci tijekom sudskih postupaka bili privilegirani u odnosu na druge građane i javne osobe, suci u svojim odmjeravanjima konkretnih okolnosti slučaja itekako favoriziraju svoje kolege.
u obrazloženju takvih presuda protiv novinara i medija često se naglašava ugled sudačke profesije te utjecaj na buduće presude, iako zakon ne poznaje kategoriju tzv. kaznene odštete, odnosno posebno utvrđenog iznosa.
oni ne vole publicitet
u praksi kada sudac tuži novinara, nakladnika ili medij zbog nepristranosti suda te kako bi se izbjegao eventualni sukob interesa, proces se ne vodi na sudu na kojem radi, već se bira neki drugi sud.
kako smo primijetili, česti odabir je sud u zagrebu koji u pravilu dodjeljuje najviše naknade, no ni drugi sudovi i suci ne zaostaju kada treba suditi u korist svojih kolega.
povreda sudaca je "izuzetno teška"
"naknada nematerijalne štete za povredu prava osobnosti po pravnom stavu ovog suda priznaje se samo iznimno i to onda kada je ta povreda izuzetno teška, tako da je kod povrijeđenog mogla izazvati osobito intenzivnu duševnu bol. navedeni članci po svom sadržaju sadrže informacije koje su podobne kod tužitelja izazvati iznimno jaku duševnu bol koja po svom intenzitetu, trajanju i u sredini u kojoj je iznesena, a imajući u vidu zanimanje i zvanje tužitelja, kod istog uzrokovale jasno izraženu i manifestiranu povredu prava osobnosti", stoji u jednoj od 14 presuda koje su nam dane na uvid a koje su suci vodili protiv različitih medija i novinara.
dosuđeni iznos - 50 tisuća kuna.
ali upravo takva i slična obrazloženja spominju se i u drugim presudama, u kojima se upozorava da sutkinje i suci u sudskim procesima imaju poseban tretman u odnosu na druge građane.
štoviše, prema domaćoj sudskoj praksi, ako sud procijeni da je novinar uvrijedio sutkinju, suca ili predsjednika države, u velikoj većini slučajeva sud će presudi u korist suca, a odšteta će biti i dvaput veća od one kad je novinaru presuđeno da je uvrijedio predsjednika države.
"sića" za uvredu institucije predsjednika
bivši predsjednik države stjepan mesić dobio je nedavno na općinskom sudu 25 tisuća kuna za duševne boli zbog članka u kojem je novinar tvrdio da je mesić izravno primio mito u aferi patria. ne ulazeći u opravdanost takvih tužbi protiv bivšeg predsjednika, on u desetak presuda za naknadu štete u gotovo nijednom procesu nije dobio više od 40 tisuća kuna.
primjereni iznos od 70 tisuća kuna
to je, potvrdili su primjeri presuda koje smo analizirali, zapravo donji prag za bilo kojeg suca koji tuži pojedini medij. u većini slučajeva koje smo proučavali, najčešći iznos novčane odštete bio je 70 tisuća kuna.
najstariji slučaj koji smo analizirali star je deset godina, ali većina ih se dogodila u posljednje vrijeme.
stranke su se osokolile zbog članka
tako je zbog novinske kolumne u kojoj se problematizirala presuda piscu predragu matvejeviću prije nekoliko godina, glasnogovornik suda u pravomoćnoj presudi dobio 80 tisuća kuna.
visoka visina odštete za suce koji se nalaze uvrijeđenim
u kolumni je bilo posebno sporno to što je glasnogovornik, inače sudac, opisan kao - maneken. sudac je naveo i to da uvijek razmišlja o tome članku kada mora nešto službeno govoriti pred javnosti ili novinarima.
tekst se nastavlja ispod oglasa
manekeni za fensi izjave
po tužiteljevim riječima, kolumna je bila sporna zbog više razloga, ali nevjerojatno je to da su u tom slučaju i sudac, ali i sam tužitelj najviše govorili o tom dijelu slučaja – manekenskom ponašanju tužitelja.
skupa lekcija o tome da suce ne treba uspoređivati s manekenima
iznos od 90 tisuća kuna dobio je dobio je član vrhovnog suda kojeg je članak teretio da je slučaj supruge bivšeg predsjednika "vukao" u zastaru.
u obrazloženju presude stoji da su suca informacije teško pogodile "tako da osjeća intenzivnu nelagodu i neugodu zbog upita kolega s posla".
zastare nisu za širu javnost
novinarski tekstovi koji propituju zašto se neki sudski slučaj dugo nalazi "u ladici" vrlo često su predmet sudskih tužbi samih sudaca, a u obrazloženju odluka koje ide u korist sutkinjama i sucima gotovo uvijek se naglašava to da novinari zapravo ne poznaju dovoljno "materiju", da ne pišu "pravosudnim jezikom" te da pojedini slučajevi zastare jednostavno nisu tema za širu javnost.
o ovrhama i zastarama
iznos od 70 tisuća kuna dobila je tako sutkinja zbog članka u kojem je također problematiziran pravosudni slučaj koji nije riješila 16 godina. sutkinja je nakon 17 godina presudila u jednom pravosudnom procesu vezanom uz povrat stana, a onda je tužila medij zbog objave te informacije te dobila 50 tisuća kuna.
u obrazloženju je pisalo kako se spominjanjem činjenice da proces dugo traje zapravo vrijeđa sutkinju.
objektivno o evidentnom - zastarama
suci vrhovnog suda proteklih godina dobro prolaze na hrvatskim sudovima pa je tako jedna sutkinja u presudi za duševne boli dobila 250 tisuća kuna od zbog članaka koji su problematizirali njenu biografiju.
zaboravili navesti akademsku titulu
primjera visoke odštete je bezbroj, kao što je slučaj jednog suca vrhovnog suda koji je od jednog dnevnog lista dobio čak 100 tisuća kuna i to za članak koji je problematizirao smanjenje kazne za silovatelja.
u obrazloženju presude stoji i to da su članci iskorišteni kako bi se napala institucija vrhovnog suda.
kritika nije bila opravdana
u dijelu obrazloženja kao krimen spominje se to da je jednom od sudaca izostavljena njegova akademska titula te da nije objavljena isprika.
postoji i niz slučajeva, odnosno presuda u kojima se naglašava da je sucima osobito teško kada ih mediji kritiziraju, a posebno pate kada ukazuju na njihov rad.
tako je za duševne boli isplaćeno 75 tisuća kuna sucu zbog članka u kojem se analizirao slučaj branimira glavaša. u obrazloženju stoji kako je iskaz suca bio "istinit, životan i uvjerljiv" kao i to da sudac proživljava intenzivnu neugodu.
iznos od 50 tisuća kuna dobio je jedan sudac kojem se nije svidjelo to kako je jedan mediji pisao o njegovoj imovinskoj kartici.
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koʊld spərɪŋ, nu jɔrk, maɪ ˈləvli ˈhədsən ˈrɪvər hoʊm, həz lɔŋ bɪn ə ˈhɑtˌbɛd əv ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈæktɪˌvɪzəm. ɪn 1962 ðə juˈtɪləti kənˈsɑləˌdeɪtəd ˈɛdɪsən əˈnaʊnst plænz tɪ kɑrv ə paʊər plænt aʊt əv ˈsteɪtli stɔrm kɪŋ ˈmaʊntən, ʤɪst əˈkrɔs ðə ˈhədsən frəm koʊld spərɪŋ. ˈloʊkəlz faɪld ˈlɔˌsuts əˈgɛnst ðə plænt, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət ɪt wʊd ˈdɛvəˌsteɪt ðə ˈlænˌskeɪp. ɪn pɑrt bɪˈkəz əv ðə stɔrm kɪŋ keɪs, ɪn 1969 ˈkɑŋgrəs pæst ə lɔ rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈbɪldərz tɪ teɪk ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌɪmˈpækt ˈɪntu kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ˌbiˈfɔr bɪˈgɪnɪŋ lɑrʤ ˈprɑʤɛkts. ɪn 1980 kɑn ɛd ˈfaɪnəli əˈbændənd ɪts stɔrm kɪŋ plæn. ˈleɪtli, maɪ grin ˈneɪbərz hæv fɔt tu ˈəðər pərˈsivd θrɛts: ˈnukliər paʊər ənd. ˈpipəl ɪn ðɪs ˈɛriə hæv lɔŋ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ʃət daʊn ðə ˈɪndiən pɔɪnt ˈnukliər paʊər plænt, wɪʧ skwɑts ɔn ðə ˈhədsən ɪn bjuˈkænən, nu jɔrk, lɛs ðən 10 maɪəlz saʊθ əv koʊld spərɪŋ ənd ʤɪst 35 maɪəlz nɔrθ əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti. ɪn fækt, təˈdeɪ, ɑkˈtoʊbər 15 ðə ˈnukliər ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri kəˈmɪʃən ɪz ˈhoʊldɪŋ ə ˈhirɪŋ ɔn ˈwɛðər tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd ðə ˈlaɪsəns əv ˈɪndiən pɔɪnt fər 20 mɔr jɪrz. əˈməŋ ðə əˈpoʊnənts əv ðə ɪkˈstɛnʃən ɪz nu jɔrk ˈgəvərnər ˈændru kˈwoʊmoʊ. fər ə lɔŋ taɪm, aɪ ʃɛrd maɪ ˈneɪbərz' kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt ˈɪndiən pɔɪnt, əˈspɛʃəli ˈæftər sɛpˈtɛmbər 11 2001 wɪn ə ʤɛt flu raɪt ˈoʊvər ˈɪndiən pɔɪnt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈstraɪkɪŋ ðə wərld treɪd ˈsɛnər. wət wʊd hæv ˈhæpənd ɪf ðə ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts hæd floʊn ðə pleɪn ˈɪntu ˈɪndiən pɔɪnt? aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwərid ðət ˌproʊlɪfərˈeɪʃən əv ˈnukliər paʊər wʊd ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪt ˈɛfərts tɪ stɛm ðə ˌproʊlɪfərˈeɪʃən əv ˈnukliər ˈwɛpənz. ˈæftər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə əˈnaʊnst ə plæn ɪn 2010 tɪ səˈpɔrt kənˈstrəkʃən əv nu ˈnukliər plænts, aɪ slæmd ɪm ɪn ən ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈɛˌseɪ. aɪ ʧeɪnʤd maɪ maɪnd əˈbaʊt ðə rɪsks ənd ˈbɛnəfɪts əv nuks ˈæftər ˈhirɪŋ frəm ˈnukliər ˈædvəˌkeɪts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkreɪvənz, ˈɔθər əv paʊər tɪ seɪv ðə wərld (nɑpf, 2007 ˈkreɪvənz pərsˈweɪdɪd mi ðət wi nid ˈnukliər həz nɑt kɪld ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpərsən ɪn ðə hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs rɪˈdus ɑr rɪˈlaɪəns ɔn ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz, ənd əˈspɛʃəli koʊl. aɪ ˈsəmərˌaɪzd ə fju əv hər ˈfaɪndɪŋz ɪn ə 2010 poʊst: "ðə weɪst frəm plænts ɪz məʧ ˈgreɪtər ɪn ˈvɑljum ənd mɔr ˈhɑrmfəl ðən frəm ˈnukliər ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtərz. ɪf ju, ɛz ən ˈævərɪʤ əˈmɛrɪkən, gɑt ɔl jʊr ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti frəm ˈnukliər plænts, jʊd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt wən ˈkɪləˌgræm əv ˈnukliər weɪst ˈdʊrɪŋ jʊr ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm, ɪˈnəf tɪ fɪt ɪn ə ˈsoʊdə kən. ɪf ju gɑt ɔl jʊr ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti frəm koʊl, jʊd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ˈɔlˌmoʊst 70 tənz əv weɪst. koʊl plænts ɪˈmɪt fɑr mɔr ˌreɪdioʊˈæktɪv məˈtɪriəlz ðən ˈnukliər plænts du; iʧ jɪr ə koʊl plænt əˈbaʊt 27 ˈmɛtrɪk tənz əv jərˈeɪniəm, ˈθɑriəm ənd ˈəðər ˌreɪdioʊˈæktɪv ˈsəbstənsɪz. koʊlz plænts ˈɔlsoʊ ɪˈmɪt ˈmərkjəri ənd ˈəðər ˈtɑksənz, ɪn əˈdɪʃən əv kɔrs tɪ ˈkɑrbən daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd ənd ˈəðər ˈgrinˌhaʊs ˈgæsɪz. ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd əˈmɛrɪkənz daɪ ˌpriməˈʧʊrli pər ˈænəm bɪˈkəz əv pəˈluʃən frəm koʊl plænts; ɪn ˈʧaɪnə, ðə ˈnəmbər ɪz ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ənd tsuˈnɑmi ðət ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd ʤəˈpænz fukuˈʃimə plænts ɪn mɑrʧ 2011 rɑkt maɪ ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi. ðə dɪˈzæstər ʃoʊd ðət noʊ ˈmætər haʊ ˈsimɪŋli seɪf ˈnukliər paʊər bɪˈkəmz, wi kən ˈnɛvər ˈtoʊtəli rul aʊt ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk, blæk swɔn ɪˈvɛnts. bət ɛz aɪ ɪkˈspleɪnd ɪn ðə ˈkrɑnɪkəl əv haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən læst jɪr, əm stɪl ˈklɪŋɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈnukliər ˈbændˌwægən. ɪf wi ʃət daʊn ˈɪndiən pɔɪnt ənd ˈəðər ˈnukliər paʊər plænts, wi wɪl bɪˈkəm ˈivɪn mɔr list fər ðə fɔrˈsiəbəl ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz, wɪʧ, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ spjuɪŋ aʊt ˈtɑksɪk pəˈlutənts, ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ. ˈʤərməni ˈɪləˌstreɪts ðə ˈprɑbləm. ˈæftər fukuˈʃimə, ˈʤərmən əˈnaʊnst ðət ɪt wʊd kloʊz ɪts ˈnukliər paʊər plænts baɪ 2022 bət tɪ mit ɪts ˈɛnərʤi nidz, ˈʤərməni həz hæd tɪ bɪld nu plænts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wən əv ðə ˈbɪgəst koʊl fəˈsɪlɪtiz ɪn ðə wərld. ɛz ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst ˌriˈpɔrtəd, dɪˈlɛmə ʃoʊz haʊ ˈdɪfəkəlt ɪt ɪz tɪ ˈbæləns kəmˈpitɪŋ ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl praɪˈɔrətiz, ˈivɪn wɪθ væst ˈrisɔrsɪz ənd ˈpɑpjələr səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈɛfərts." ðət brɪŋz mi tɪ, ʃɔrt fər haɪˈdrɔlɪk ˈfrækʧərɪŋ, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˌɪnˈʤɛktɪŋ fluɪdz ˈɪntu dip rɑk dɪˈpɑzəts tɪ fɔrs ˈnæʧərəl gæs tɪ ðə ˈsərfəs. ɛnˈvaɪrənˌmɛnəlɪsts ɪn maɪ ˈhoʊmˌtaʊn ənd θruaʊt nu jɔrk ər ɛz ˈfɪrsli əˈpoʊzd tɪ ɛz ðeɪ ər tɪ ˈnukliər paʊər. nu jɔrk steɪt kənˈteɪnz əˈbəndənt ˈnæʧərəl gæs rɪˈzərvz, bət ɛnˈvaɪrənˌmɛnəlɪsts fɪr ðət wɪl ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli kənˈtæməˌneɪt ˈwɔtər ˈækwəfərz. ˈgəvərnər kˈwoʊmoʊ həz ʤɪst ɪkˈstɛndɪd ə ˌmɔrəˈtɔriəm ɔn waɪl ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz ˈgæðər mɔr ˈdætə ɔn ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi. əm ɛz kənˈflɪktɪd ˈoʊvər ɛz aɪ æm ˈoʊvər ˈnukliər ˈɛnərʤi. bət hɪrz ðə kˈwɑndəri. ɛz ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈdeɪvɪd pɔɪnts aʊt ɪn ə ˈpɔdˌkæst, "ɔl ˈpɑrtiz əˈgri" ðət ˈʃətɪŋ daʊn ˈɪndiən pɔɪnt wɪl lɛd tɪ "ən ˌɪnˈkrist roʊl fər ˈnæʧərəl gæs." ɪf ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ proʊˈhɪbətəd ər səˈvɪrli kərˈteɪld, wɪl bi ˈivɪn mɔr dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn koʊl. ɛz aɪ ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ɪn ə poʊst læst ʤun, kəmˈbəsʧən əv ˈnæʧərəl gæs rɪˈzəlts ɪn ˈnɛglɪʤəbəl ɪˈmɪʃənz əv ˈsəlfər daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd ənd ˈmərkjəri ˈkɑmpaʊndz, tu ˈmeɪʤər pəˈlutənts frəm koʊl plænts, ənd ˈoʊnli hæf ɛz məʧ ˈkɑrbən daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd ɛz koʊl. soʊ wət ʃʊd wi du? maɪ ˈfɛloʊ grinz, aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd jʊr kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt nuks ənd. bət ɪf ju ʃən boʊθ əv ðiz ˈɔpʃənz, wɪl bi səm ˈbreɪkθˌru ɪn ˈsoʊlər, wɪnd ər ˈəðər ˈɛnərʤi ðə wərst ɔlˈtərnətɪv əv ɔl: ˈdɛdli, ˈdərti koʊl. ˈʃʊrli ju doʊnt wɔnt ðət. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˌklɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən: maɪ poʊst kwoʊts ˈdeɪvɪd əv ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk əˈmɛrɪkən seɪɪŋ ðət "ɔl ˈpɑrtiz əˈgri" ðət ə ˈʃətˌdaʊn əv ˈɪndiən pɔɪnt wʊd lɛd tɪ "ən ˌɪnˈkrist roʊl fər ˈnæʧərəl gæs." keɪt slusark*, ə ˈspoʊkspərsən fər ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈrisɔrsɪz dɪˈfɛns ˈkaʊnsəl, iˈmeɪld mi ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn rɪˈmɑrk. "ðə ˈsteɪtmənt keɪm frəm pis əˈbaʊt ə ˈrisənt rɪˈpɔrt priˈpɛrd fər ənd [əˈnəðər ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən] baɪ sɪæps (ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks kənˈsəltɪŋ fərm), ˈtaɪtəld: "ˈɪndiən pɔɪnt rɪˈpleɪsmənt æˈnælɪsɪs: ə klin ˈɛnərʤi prəˈpoʊzəl fər rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ ðə ˈnukliər plænt wɪθ klin, səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈɛnərʤi ˈrisɔrsɪz." tɪ bi klɪr, ɑr rɪˈpɔrt ˌrɛkəˈmɛndz rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ 100 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈɪndiən paʊər wɪθ ˈɛnərʤi ɪˈfɪʃənsi ənd riˈnuəbəl paʊər ˈrisɔrsɪz, ənd prəˈvaɪdz ðə ˈpɑləsi fər haʊ tɪ du ðət. ɪt dɪz nɑt seɪ ðət ˌɪnˈkrist ˈnæʧərəl gæs ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən wɪl hæv ə roʊl; nɔr du wi bɪˈliv ðət ɪt məst." ju kən faɪnd ðə rɪˈpɔrt æt http://www.synapse-energy.com/downloads/synapsereport.2012-10.nrdc.indian-point-replacement-study.12-047.pdf*.
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cold spring, new york, my lovely hudson river home, has long been a hotbed of environmental activism. in 1962, the utility consolidated edison announced plans to carve a power plant out of stately storm king mountain, just across the hudson from cold spring. locals filed lawsuits against the plant, arguing that it would devastate the landscape. in part because of the storm king case, in 1969 congress passed a law requiring builders to take environmental impact into consideration before beginning large projects. in 1980 con ed finally abandoned its storm king plan.
lately, my green neighbors have fought two other perceived threats: nuclear power and fracking. people in this area have long wanted to shut down the indian point nuclear power plant, which squats on the hudson in buchanan, new york, less than 10 miles south of cold spring and just 35 miles north of downtown new york city. in fact, today, october 15, the nuclear regulatory commission is holding a hearing on whether to extend the license of indian point for 20 more years. among the opponents of the extension is new york governor andrew cuomo.
for a long time, i shared my neighbors' concerns about indian point, especially after september 11, 2001, when a jet flew right over indian point before striking the world trade center. what would have happened if the terrorists had flown the plane into indian point? i also worried that proliferation of nuclear power would complicate efforts to stem the proliferation of nuclear weapons. after president barack obama announced a plan in 2010 to support construction of new nuclear plants, i slammed him in an online essay.
i changed my mind about the risks and benefits of nukes after hearing from nuclear advocates, including gyneth cravens, author of power to save the world (knopf, 2007). cravens persuaded me that we need nuclear power—which has not killed a single person in the u.s.--to help us reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, and especially coal. i summarized a few of her findings in a 2010 post:
"the waste from coal-burning plants is much greater in volume and more harmful than from nuclear generators. if you, as an average american, got all your electricity from nuclear plants, you'd generate one kilogram of nuclear waste during your lifetime, enough to fit in a soda can. if you got all your electricity from coal, you'd generate almost 70 tons of waste. coal plants emit far more radioactive materials than nuclear plants do; each year a 1,000-megawatt coal plant disperses about 27 metric tons of uranium, thorium and other radioactive substances. coals plants also emit mercury and other toxins, in addition of course to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. an estimated 24,000 americans die prematurely per annum because of pollution from coal plants; in china, the number is 400,000."
the earthquake and tsunami that devastated japan's fukushima plants in march 2011 rocked my confidence in nuclear energy. the disaster showed that no matter how seemingly safe nuclear power becomes, we can never totally rule out the possibility of catastrophic, black swan events. but as i explained in the chronicle of higher education last year, i'm still clinging to the nuclear bandwagon. if we shut down indian point and other nuclear power plants, we will become even more dependent—at least for the foreseeable future--on fossil fuels, which, in addition to spewing out toxic pollutants, also contribute to global warming.
germany illustrates the problem. after fukushima, german announced that it would close its nuclear power plants by 2022. but to meet its energy needs, germany has had to build new fossil-fuel plants, including one of the biggest coal facilities in the world. as the washington post reported, "germany’s dilemma shows how difficult it is to balance competing environmental priorities, even with vast resources and popular support for the efforts."
that brings me to fracking, short for hydraulic fracturing, which involves injecting fluids into deep rock deposits to force natural gas to the surface. environmentalists in my hometown and throughout new york are as fiercely opposed to fracking as they are to nuclear power. new york state contains abundant natural gas reserves, but environmentalists fear that fracking will permanently contaminate water aquifers. governor cuomo has just extended a moratorium on fracking while regulators gather more data on the technology.
i'm as conflicted over fracking as i am over nuclear energy. but here's the quandary. as scientific american's david biello points out in a podcast, "all parties agree" that shutting down indian point will lead to "an increased role for natural gas." if fracking is also prohibited or severely curtailed, we'll be even more dependent on coal. as i pointed out in a post last june, combustion of natural gas results in negligible emissions of sulfur dioxide and mercury compounds, two major pollutants from coal plants, and only half as much carbon dioxide as coal.
so what should we do? my fellow greens, i understand your concerns about nukes and fracking. but if you shun both of these options, we'll be stuck—barring some breakthrough in solar, wind or other energy technologies--with the worst alternative of all: deadly, dirty coal. surely you don't want that.
photo: columbiaenvironmentallaw.org
clarification: my post quotes david biello of scientific american saying that "all parties agree" that a shutdown of indian point would lead to "an increased role for natural gas." kate slusark, a spokesperson for the natural resources defense council, emailed me the following comment on biello's remark. "the statement came from biello’s piece about a recent report prepared for nrdc and riverkeeper [another environmental organization] by synapse (an independent economics consulting firm), titled: "indian point replacement analysis: a clean energy roadmap--a proposal for replacing the nuclear plant with clean, sustainable energy resources." to be clear, our report recommends replacing 100 percent of indian point’s power with energy efficiency and renewable power resources, and provides the policy roadmap for how to do that. it does not say that increased natural gas generation will have a role; nor do we believe that it must." you can find the nrdc/riverkeeper report at http://www.synapse-energy.com/downloads/synapsereport.2012-10.nrdc.indian-point-replacement-study.12-047.pdf.
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ɪn ðɪs ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈteɪkən ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ɔkt. 13 2009 ɑrmd mɛn frəm ðə ˈmɪlətənt grup ər pərˈeɪdɪd æt ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈpæləs ɪn ˌmoʊgəˈdiˌʃu, səˈmɑljə ˈæftər dɪˈfɛktɪŋ frəm ðə lɪŋkt grup tɪ ʤɔɪn ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɔrsɪz. sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪn ˌmoʊgəˈdiˌʃu hæv sin ə nu weɪv əv dɪˈfɛkʃənz frəm ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ɪkˈstriməsts əv, mɛn hu kən prəˈvaɪd ˈvæljəbəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ər ˈskaʊtɪŋ ˈsərvɪsɪz fər ðə pəˈlis, ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈsərvɪs. (ˌeɪˈpi warsameh*) ˌmoʊgəˈdiˌʃu, səˈmɑljə (ˌeɪˈpi) mæskt ˈfaɪtərz riˈtrivd bɪts əv flɛʃ ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt frəm ə kɑr ðət hæd bɪn hɪt baɪ ə juz. ˈmɪsəl ənd ɪn wɪʧ ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ɑrmd ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk grups ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈjunɪt daɪd, ə kəˈmændər ɪn ðə grup sɛd ˈmənˌdeɪ. wɑz kɪld ɪn ˈsənˌdiz əˈtæk ənd wɑz wɪθ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈjunɪt, ˈhɛlpɪŋ ʧuz ˈtɑrgəts fər ˈbɑmɪŋz ənd tɪ plæn əˈtæks, ə kəˈmændər ɪn ðə grup toʊld ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs. ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ðət hæd bɪn ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈplænɪŋ ðə sɛpˈtɛmbər əˈtæk ɔn ən ˈəpˌskeɪl mɔl ɪn ˌnaɪˈroʊbi, ˈkɛnjə. hæd ˈpriviəsli bɪn ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋz əv ˈfɔrənərz ənd ˈrænsəm dilz fər ðə ˌɪnˈsərʤənt grup, sɛd ðə kəˈmændər, ˈæbu moʊˈhɑmɛd. wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈtrəstɪd frɛnd əv ðə grups ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ˈlidər ənd tɔp kəˈmændər, ˈɑmɛd godane*. səˈmɑli əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ðeɪ bɪˈliv ðə ˈmɪsəl wɑz faɪərd frəm ə droʊn. ðə juz. həz ˈkɛrid aʊt droʊn əˈtæks ɪn səˈmɑljə ˌbiˈfɔr, ðoʊ nɑt ˈnɪrli ɛz ˈfrikwɛntli ɛz ɪn ˈpækɪˌstæn ənd ə fju ˈəðər ˈpleɪsɪz. wʊd "rɪˈtæliˌeɪt wɪθ ə ˈbɪgər bloʊ ənd peɪn əˈgɛnst ðə ˈɛnəmi," moʊˈhɑmɛd sɛd. səm ˈfaɪtərz wɛnt tɪ ðə sin əv ðə ˈmɪsəl straɪk ɪn ˈvɪlɪʤ ənd ˈʧæntɪd "gɑd ɪz greɪt" ɛz ðeɪ pʊt ðə rɪˈmeɪnz ɪn sæks, moʊˈhɑmɛd sɛd. ðeɪ ðɛn spɛd əˈweɪ ɪn ˈpɪˌkəp trəks tɪ ˈbɛri ðə mɛn. moʊˈhɑmɛd, hu ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðə sin, sɛd baɪ foʊn ðət ˈdraɪvər wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ kɪld wɪn ə ˈmɪsəl hɪt ðɛr kɑr ɪn səˈmɑljəz loʊər ˈriʤən, ənd ðət ðə ˈbɑdiz wər ʧɑrd bɪɔnd ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən. tu juz. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈfɪʃəlz kənˈfərmd ðɛr wɑz ə ˈmɪsəl straɪk əˈgɛnst ə ˈsinjər ˈlidər ɪn səˈmɑljə ɔn ˈsənˌdi. ðə əˈfɪʃəlz ˈwʊdənt aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðə ˈtərgət ənd wən əv ðɛm sɛd juz. ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɪz stɪl "əˈsɛsɪŋ ðə ˈifɛktɪvnəs əv ðə straɪk." səˈmɑljəz ˈprɛzɪdənt sɛd ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ ɪz "əˈnəðər bloʊ" tɪ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈrɛbəlz hu hæv bɪn pʊʃt bæk baɪ ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈjunjən trups. ˈprɛzɪdənt həˈsɑn ʃik sɛd ɔn tˈwɪtər leɪt ˈsənˌdi ðət səˈmɑljəz ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ɪts ˈpɑrtnərz tɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ðə ˈmɪlətənts frəm səˈmɑljə. læst wik mɔr ðən trups frəm ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˌiθiˈoʊpiə əˈfɪʃəli ʤɔɪnd ə ˈpiˌskipɪŋ fɔrs ˈəndər ðə ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈjunjən ˈbænər, əˈtræktɪŋ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət kɔlz frəm fər ðə ˌiθiˈoʊpiənz tɪ bi rɪˈzɪstɪd. ˈmɛni səˈmɑliz rɪˈzɛnt ˌiθiˈoʊpiəz ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri bɪˈkəz əv əˈlɛʤd əˈbjuzɪz kəˈmɪtɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈpriviəs ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn səˈmɑljə. həz bɪn ɪn dɪˈklaɪn ɪn səˈmɑljə sɪns biɪŋ ˈaʊstɪd frəm ðə ˈkæpɪtəl, ˌmoʊgəˈdiˌʃu, baɪ ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈjunjən ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn 2011 ənd naʊ ðə grups ˈlidərz ˈɔlsoʊ ər biɪŋ ˈtɑrgətɪd baɪ ˈmɪsəlz faɪərd baɪ juz. droʊnz ðət ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli flaɪ ˈoʊvər ðə hɔrn əv ˈæfrɪkɑ ˈneɪʃən. læst ɑkˈtoʊbər ə juz. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri straɪk hɪt ə ˈviɪkəl ˈkɛriɪŋ ˈsinjər ˈmɛmbərz əv, ˈkɪlɪŋ ɪts tɔp ɪkˈsploʊsɪvz ˈɛkspərt. ˈərliər ðət mənθ, juz. ˈneɪvi silz hæd ˈreɪdɪd ə ˈkoʊstəl səˈmɑli taʊn tɪ teɪk daʊn ə ˈkɛnjən ˈmɛmbər. ðə silz wɪθˈdru ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkæpʧərɪŋ ər ˈkɪlɪŋ ðɛr ˈtərgət moʊˈhɑmɛd, noʊn ɛz hu wɑz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ðə lɛd ˈplænər əv ə plɑt baɪ tɪ əˈtæk ˈkɛnjəz ˈpɑrləmɛnt ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈɔfəs ɪn ˈkæpɪtəl, ˌnaɪˈroʊbi, ɪn 2011 ənd 2012 ˈæftər biɪŋ ˈaʊstɪd frəm səˈmɑljəz ˈkæpɪtəl baɪ ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈjunjən ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn 2011 ɪz naʊ ˈmoʊstli ˈæktɪv ɪn səˈmɑljəz ˈrʊrəl ˈriʤənz. ɪt ɪz stɪl ˈeɪbəl tɪ lɔnʧ ˈliθəl əˈtæks ˈɔfən ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈmɪlətənts ɔn ˈsuɪˌsaɪd ˈmɪʃənz ɪn ˌmoʊgəˈdiˌʃu ɛz wɛl ɛz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈbɔrdər. ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˈkɛnjə, wɪʧ həz trups əˈməŋ ðə ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈjunjən fɔrs ɪn səˈmɑljə, wɑz ðə sin əv ən əˈtæk ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər wɪn ˈgənˌmɛn əˈtækt ˈəpˌskeɪl ˈwɛstˌgeɪt mɔl wɪθ gənz ənd grəˈneɪdz, ˈkɪlɪŋ æt list 67 ˈpipəl.
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in this photo taken tuesday, oct. 13, 2009, armed men from the al-shabab militant group are paraded at the presidential palace in mogadishu, somalia after defecting from the al-qaida linked group to join government forces. security services in mogadishu have seen a new wave of defections from the islamic extremists of al-shabab, men who can provide valuable information or scouting services for the police, military and intelligence service. (ap photo/farah abdi warsameh)
mogadishu, somalia (ap) — masked al-shabab fighters retrieved bits of flesh overnight from a burned-out car that had been hit by a u.s. missile and in which a member of the armed islamic group's intelligence unit died, a commander in the group said monday.
sahal iskudhuq was killed in sunday's attack and was with al-shabab's intelligence unit, helping choose targets for bombings and to plan attacks, a commander in the al-qaida-linked group told the associated press. there was no immediate indication that iskudhuq had been involved in planning the september attack on an upscale mall in nairobi, kenya.
iskudhuq had previously been in charge of kidnappings of foreigners and ransom deals for the al-qaida-linked insurgent group, said the al-shabab commander, abu mohamed. iskudhuq was also a trusted friend of the group's spiritual leader and top commander, ahmed abdi godane.
somali officials said they believe the missile was fired from a drone. the u.s. has carried out drone attacks in somalia before, though not nearly as frequently as in pakistan and a few other places. al-shabab would "retaliate with a bigger blow and pain against the enemy," mohamed said.
some al-shabab fighters went to the scene of the missile strike in hawai village and chanted "god is great" as they put the remains in sacks, mohamed said. they then sped away in pickup trucks to bury the men. mohamed, who visited the scene, said by phone that iskudhuq's driver was also killed when a missile hit their car in somalia's lower shabelle region, and that the bodies were charred beyond recognition.
two u.s. military officials confirmed there was a missile strike against a senior al-shabab leader in somalia on sunday. the officials wouldn't identify the target and one of them said u.s. intelligence is still "assessing the effectiveness of the strike."
somalia's president said the killing is "another blow" to the islamic rebels who have been pushed back by african union troops. president hassan sheik mohamud said on twitter late sunday that somalia's government is working with its partners to eliminate the al-qaida-linked militants from somalia.
last week more than 4,000 troops from neighboring ethiopia officially joined a peacekeeping force under the african union banner, attracting immediate calls from al-shabab for the ethiopians to be resisted. many somalis resent ethiopia's military because of alleged abuses committed during previous operations in somalia.
al-shabab has been in decline in somalia since being ousted from the capital, mogadishu, by african union forces in 2011, and now the group's leaders also are being targeted by missiles fired by u.s. drones that occasionally fly over the horn of africa nation.
last october a u.s. military strike hit a vehicle carrying senior members of al-shabab, killing its top explosives expert. earlier that month, u.s. navy seals had raided a coastal somali town to take down a kenyan al-shabab member. the seals withdrew before capturing or killing their target — abdulkadir mohamed abdulkadir, known as ikrima — who was identified as the lead planner of a plot by al-shabab to attack kenya's parliament building and the united nations office in capital, nairobi, in 2011 and 2012.
after being ousted from somalia's capital by african union forces in 2011, al-shabab is now mostly active in somalia's rural regions. it is still able to launch lethal attacks — often involving militants on suicide missions — in mogadishu as well as across the border.
neighboring kenya, which has troops among the african union force in somalia, was the scene of an attack in september when gunmen attacked nairobi's upscale westgate mall with guns and grenades, killing at least 67 people.
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ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈgəvərnmənt ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt ɔn ə ˈʃuˌstrɪŋ ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli wɛnt ˈbæŋkrəpt. tɪ faɪt ɪts wɔr əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns frəm ˈbrɪtən, ɪt ˈbɑˌroʊd frəm bæŋks ɪn ˈhɑlənd ənd lɑrʤ səmz frəm fræns, greɪt ˈraɪvəl. ðə ˌkɑntəˈnɛnəl ˈkɑŋgrəs kənˈtɪnjuəli æst ðə nu steɪt ˈgəvərnmənts fər fəndz bət ˈnɛvər rɪˈsivd mɔr ðən ə ˈfrækʃən əv wət ɪt ˈnidɪd. ˈdɛspərɪt fər kæʃ, ˈkɑŋgrəs meɪd ɛkˈstrævəgənt juz əv ðə ˈprɪnɪŋ ˈprɛsɪz, ˈʧərnɪŋ aʊt stæks əv ˈpeɪpər ˈməni. ðə kwɪk dɪˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən əv ðɪs ˈkərənsi geɪv raɪz tɪ ðə freɪz wərθ ə continental.”*.” ðə wɔr əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns nɑt ˈoʊnli ˌɪmˈpɑvrɪʃt ðə ˈkəntri, bət ˈɔlsoʊ lɛft ɪt ˈbərdənd wɪθ ðə haɪəst ˈpəblɪk dɛt ɪt həz ˈɛvər ɪkˈspɪriənst, ˈmɛʒərd əˈgɛnst ðə ˈɪnˌkəm əv ɪts ˈgəvərnmənt. ənˈpeɪd ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɔn ðə dɛt gru ˈlɑrʤər jɪr baɪ jɪr, ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə dip dɪˈprɛʃən ðət pərˈsɪstɪd θruaʊt ðə 1780s*. ðɛr simd tɪ bi noʊ weɪ mɔr soʊ bɪˈkəz juˈnaɪtɪd colonies,”*,” ɛz ðə ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns kɔld ðɛm, wər naʊ ənd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt states.”*.” frəm ˌmæsəˈʧusəts, nu jɔrk, ənd ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ɪn ðə nɔrθ tɪ vərˈʤɪnjə, ðə ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnəz, ənd ˈʤɔrʤə ɪn ðə saʊθ, ðə ˈθərˈtin steɪts ˈdɪfərd ɪn ˈmɛni əv ðɛr ˈbeɪsɪk ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪntərɪsts ənd səm əv ðɛr kɔr aɪˈdiəz. nɑt ənˈtɪl ðə leɪt 1860s*, ˈæftər ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr, dɪd ˈpipəl spik əv ðə ˈneɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈsɪŋgjələr: juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts is”*” ˈrəðər ðən juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts are.”*.” ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst ˈfɔrti jɪrz ˈæftər 1776 ðə nu ˈkəntri kʊd hæv ˈbroʊkən əˈpɑrt bɪˈkəz əv ɪts ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈprɑbləmz, wɪʧ wər rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈsɛkʃənəl dɪˈspjuts ənd ˈivɪn mɔr tɪ ˈfɔrən əˈfɛrz. ɪt ˈhæpənd tɪ bi blɛst, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪθ ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈpipəl hu ˌəndərˈstʊd ˈfaɪˌnæns ənd ˈɔlsoʊ græspt ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk pəˈtɛnʃəl əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈnæʃənəl fˈjuʧər. ə ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt ˈnəmbər əv ðɛm wər ˈrisənt ərˈaɪvəlz frəm ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə ˈdəzən ˈdɪfərənt ˈpleɪsɪz ˈoʊvərˈsiz. ðɪs bʊk ʃoʊz haʊ ðeɪ pʊt ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɔn ə saʊnd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl ˈfʊtɪŋ tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ɪts ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz, ənd haʊ səm əv ðɛr aɪˈdiəz gru aʊt əv ðɛr ɪkˈspɪriəns ɛz ˈɪməgrənts. ɪt ˈhaɪˌlaɪts wət ðeɪ dɪd mɔr ðən wət ðeɪ roʊt ənd sɛd. ðə əˈʧivmənts əv wən əv ðɛm, ˌælɪgˈzændər keɪm frəm st*. krɔɪ ɪn ðə ˈdeɪnɪʃ wɛst wɛl noʊn. bət ə greɪt dil əv frɛʃ ˈrisərʧ ɔn ˈhæməltən ənd ə mɔr θəroʊ lʊk æt haʊ hi wɛnt əˈbaʊt hɪz wərk ˌəndərˈskɔr ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv hɪz ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈɔrəʤɪnz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ə ˈkloʊzər æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə pɑrts ˈəðər ˈɪməgrənts pleɪd ɪn ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl əˈfɛrz əv ðə ˈərli riˈpəblɪk rɪˈvilz ə məʧ ˈlɑrʤər roʊl ðən ðeɪ hæv ˈjuʒəwəli bɪn əˈkɔrdɪd. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪˈluməˌneɪts ðə strɛŋθs ənd ˈwiknəsɪz əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈfaʊndərz hu hæd bɪn bɔrn ɪn nɔrθ waɪ ðeɪ dɪˈpɛndɪd ɔn ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈpɑləsiz dɪˈzaɪnd baɪ ˈrisənt ərˈaɪvəlz. dɪd ˈəðər ˈæˌspɛkts əv ˈgəvərnɪŋ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ˈɪməgrənts tɪ ðə seɪm ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ˈfaɪˌnæns dɪd? noʊ. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst ˈfɪfti jɪrz ˈəndər ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən, ˈoʊnli sɪks əv ðə ˈsɪksti ˈpərsənz əˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkæbənəts hæd bɪn bɔrn əˈbrɔd. faɪv əv ðoʊz sɪks bɪˈkeɪm ˈsɛkrəˌtɛriz əv ðə ˈtrɛʒəri. wɪn ʤɔrʤ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən wɑz ˌɪˈnɔgərˌeɪtɪd ɛz ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪn 1789 wən əv ðə fərst tæsks hi feɪst ˈəndər ðə nu ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən wɑz tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə ˈnæʃənəl ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˌɪˈmɛns dɛt lɛft ˈoʊvər frəm ðə wɔr əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns, ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl əˈfɛrz wʊd bi əˈməŋ ðə moʊst ˈkrɪtɪkəl kənˈsərnz. ðə ˈkænədɪts ˈwɔʃɪŋtən kənˈsɪdərd fər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv ðə ˈtrɛʒəri wər ˈrɑbərt ˈmɔrɪs, hu hæd kəm frəm ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ pɔrt əv ˈlɪvərˌpul, ənd ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈhæməltən, hu hæd ˈɛməˌgreɪtɪd frəm ðə ˌkɛrɪˈbiən. twɛlv jɪrz ˈleɪtər, wɪn ˈtɑməs ˈʤɛfərsən tʊk ˈɔfəs ɪn 1801 ɛz ðə fərst rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈprɛzɪdənt (noʊ riˈleɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈpɑrti əv ðət neɪm), hi, tu, əˈpɔɪntɪd ə ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri: ˈælbərt ˈgælətɪn, hu hæd kəm frəm ʤəˈnivə; ənd hi ˌriəˈpɔɪnɪd ɪm ɪn 1805 səkˈsɛsər, ʤeɪmz ˈmædɪsən, ˈɔlsoʊ əˈpɔɪntɪd 1809 ənd əˈgɛn ɪn 1813 ˈleɪtər, wɪn ˈgælətɪn lɛft ˈɔfəs tɪ nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt ðə ɛnd əv ðə wɔr wɪθ ˈbrɪtən ðət hæd ˈbeɪgən ɪn 1812 ˈmædɪsən əˈpɔɪntɪd, ɪn ˈsikwəns, tu mɔr ˈɪməgrənts: ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. ˈkæmbəl (frəm ˈskɑtlənd) ənd ˌælɪgˈzændər ʤeɪmz ˈdæləs (frəm ʤəˈmeɪkə). ðəs, fɔr əv ðə fərst sɪks ˈsɛkrəˌtɛriz əv ðə ˈtrɛʒəri wər bɔrn ˈoʊvərˈsiz. ðeɪ sərvd fər tˈwɛntiˌwɔn əv ðə fərst jɪrz ˈəndər ðə pərˈsɛnt əv ðət ˈpɪriəd. wɑz ðɪs ə rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˈsərkəmˌstæns? kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈleɪtər ˈpætərnz əv əˈpɔɪntmənt, ɪkˈsidɪŋli soʊ. əv ðə nɛkst ˈsɛkrəˌtɛriz, ˈsərvɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə tˈwɛntiˌfərst ˈsɛnʧəri, ˈoʊnli tu wər bɔrn əˈbrɔd, ənd ðɛr kəmˈbaɪnd ˈsərvɪs ˈlæstɪd lɛs ðən tu jɪrz aʊt əv ˈɔlˌmoʊst tu ˈhənərd. waɪ wʊd ˈɪməgrənts ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ səʧ ə ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ˈɔfəs 78 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə taɪm frəm 1789 θru 1816 ˈvərsəz 1 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə taɪm sɪns? dɪd ðə ˈkɑnstəˌtut ə ˈgreɪtər prəˈpɔrʃən əv ðə juz. ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈərli jɪrz? noʊ. ðə reɪt əv ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən hæd bɪn sˈləgɪʃ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri wɔr, ənd ə ˈvɛri haɪ pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən wɑz. ðə juz. ˈsɛnsəs dɪd nɑt bɪˈgɪn tɪ ˈrɛkərd ˈfɔrən bərθs ənˈtɪl 1850 bət ˈəðər ˈdætə səˈʤɛst ðət ɪn 1775 ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpərsənz bɔrn əˈbrɔd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðoʊz frəm ˈæfrɪkɑ, wɑz noʊ mɔr ðən əˈbaʊt 8 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, ənd ˈlaɪkli lɛs. ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ðɛn drɑpt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ əv ənd ˈdʊrɪŋ moʊst jɪrz əv ðə nəˌpoʊliˈɑnɪk wɔrz ənd ðə wɔr əv 1812 ɪn 1816 ðə prəˈpɔrʃən əv wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli noʊ mɔr ðən əˈbaʊt 4 pərˈsɛnt, əˈməŋ ðə loʊəst ɪn juz. ˈhɪstəri. wɪn ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri wɔr bɪˈgæn ɪn 1775 ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈkɑləniz hæd ɪkˈspɪriənst æt list 125 jɪrz əv ˈsɛtəlmənt. ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈfaʊndərz keɪm frəm ˈfæməliz lɔŋ ˈrɛzɪdənt ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə. ʤɑn fərst əˈmɛrɪkən ˈænˌsɛstər əraɪvd ɪn 1620 əˈbɔrd ðə ˈmeɪˌflaʊər; ˈbɛnʤəmən franklin’s*, ɪn 1635 ʤeɪmz madison’s*, ɪn 1653 ʤɔrʤ washington’s*, ɪn 1659 ənd ˈtɑməs, ɪn 1672 baɪ ˈkɑntræst, ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈhæməltən keɪm ɪn 1772 ənd ˈælbərt ˈgælətɪn ɪn 1780 məʧ əv ðɪs bʊk ɪz əˈbaʊt ˈhæməltən ənd ˈgælətɪn, hum moʊst ˈɛkspərts rɪˈgɑrd ɛz ðə tu ˈgreɪtəst ˈsɛkrəˌtɛriz əv ðə ˈtrɛʒəri. bət ðeɪ wər ˈoʊnli tu əv əˈbaʊt tɛn ˈnuˌkəmərz hu ʃeɪpt ðə ˈərli ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkɑnˌtʊrz əv ðə ˈkəntri. ðə neɪmz əv səm ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðɪs grup meɪ bi ˌrɛkəgˈnaɪzəbəl, ɪf ˈoʊnli ˈveɪgli: ˈrɑbərt ˈmɔrɪs, ˈsɑləmən, ʤɑn ˈʤeɪkəb ˈæstər, ˈstivən ʤərɑrd. bət ˈivɪn ˈgælətɪn, hu sərvd ɛz ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈlɔŋgər ðən ˈɛniˌwən ɛls ˈɛvər həz, ɪz ˌənfəˈmɪljər tɪ moʊst ˈpipəl. dɪd ɪt meɪk ə ˈdɪfərəns ðət ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɑrkəˌtɛkts əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ɪˈkɑnəmi wər ˈɪməgrənts? ðɪs ɪz laɪk ˈæskɪŋ ˈwɛðər ɪt meɪd ə ˈdɪfərəns ðət fɔr əv ðə fərst faɪv ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts, hu sərvd fər əv ðə fərst jɪrz ˈəndər ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən, wər vərˈʤɪnjə ˈplæntərz. ˈsərtənli ðeɪ wər ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ˈfɪgjərz: ʤɔrʤ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ˈtɑməs ˈʤɛfərsən, ʤeɪmz ˈmædɪsən, ənd ʤeɪmz mənˈroʊ. jɛt ðeɪ, laɪk moʊst ˈpipəl ˈɛvriˌwɛr, ˈtɛndɪd tɪ lʊk æt ðə wərld θru ðə lɛnz əv ðɛr ˈneɪtɪv ðɛr keɪs, ðə ˈlændɪd klæs əv kəˈloʊniəl vərˈʤɪnjə. ɛz ˈædəlts, iʧ ðiz fɔr ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts keɪm tɪ oʊn ˈvɛri lɑrʤ ˌplænˈteɪʃənz. ðɛr ˈhoʊldɪŋz ɪn vərˈʤɪnjə ˈtoʊtəld əˈbaʊt ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv ˈɔlˌmoʊst skwɛr maɪəlz. ɛz ˈɛmərsən roʊt ɪn 1860 ə mæn oʊnz lænd, ðə lænd oʊnz him.”*.” ðə ɪkˈstɛnt tɪ wɪʧ lænd (ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈlɪkwɪd ˈkæpɪtəl) ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ˈkəlʧər ɪz rɪˈflɛktɪd ɪn ðə ˈnəmbər əv bæŋks ˈʧɑrtərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst ˈdɛkeɪdz. ɪn 1781 wɪn vərˈʤɪnjə wɑz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ənd moʊst ˈpɑpjələs steɪt, nɑt ə ˈsɪŋgəl bæŋk ɪgˈzɪstəd ˈɛniˌwɛr ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. baɪ 1837 ðɛr wər 627 əv ðiz, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts hæd 123 bæŋks, nu jɔrk 98 ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə 49 bət vərˈʤɪnjə ˈoʊnli 6 iʧ bæŋk ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ˈməni səˈplaɪ ɪn ðə steɪt wɛr ɪt wɑz ˈkɑmərs, ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ, ənd ˈfæstər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ. ˈrɑbərt ˈmɔrɪs pleɪd ðə ˈmeɪʤər roʊl ɪn sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ ə ˈʧɑrtər fər ðə fərst bæŋk, wɪʧ ˈoʊpənd ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ɪn 1782 ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈhæməltən ˈdræftɪd ðə ˈʧɑrtər fər ɪts ˈsɛkənd, ˈfaʊndɪd ɪn nu jɔrk ɪn 1784 ðeɪ ənd ˈəðər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈɪnəˌveɪtərz frəm ˈoʊvərˈsiz tʊk ə mɔr kəˈmərʃəl ənd ˌkɑzməˈpɑlətən pərˈspɛktɪv ðən ðə ˈlænˌdoʊnərz ɪn vərˈʤɪnjə ənd moʊst ˈəðər steɪts, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ðə saʊθ. ðə ˈstɔriz toʊld hir səˈʤɛst ðət ðɛr biɪŋ ˈɪməgrənts ˈbrɔdənd ðɛr ˈɪnˌsaɪts ənd ʃeɪpt ðɛr bɪˈheɪvjər. ðeɪ dɪd nɑt fɪt ðə ˈɪmɪʤ əv ˈɪməgrənts ˈpɑpjələrˌaɪzd ɪn ðə ˈfeɪməs poʊəm ˈrɪtən baɪ ˈɛmə ˈlæzərəs ɪn 1883 ənd ɛʧt ɔn ðə ˈstæˌʧu əv ˈlɪbərˌti. ðeɪ wər nɑt taɪərd, ər ˈrɛʧɪd ˈrɛfˌjuz, ər ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈhədəld ˈmæsɪz. ˈnɪrli ɔl əv ðɛm keɪm əˈloʊn ənd fʊl əv ˈvɪgər. ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk faʊnˈdeɪʃənz ðeɪ leɪd wər ə ˈvaɪtəl pɑrt əv ðə ˈprɑməs ðət dru ðə ˈmɪljənz əv ˈɪməgrənts hu ˈfɑloʊd ðɛm. ˈivɪn ɪn ðə ˈeɪˈtinθ ˈsɛnʧəri, əˈbəndənt lænd əˈtræktəd mɔr ˈnuˌkəmərz ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər ɛnˈdaʊmənt əv nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə. bət ɪt dɪd nɑt əˈtrækt moʊst əv ðə proʊˈtægənəsts əv ðɪs bʊk. ˈrəðər, ðiz ˈeɪʤənts əv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ʧeɪnʤ əraɪvd wɪθ ə mɛnˈtælɪti əˈbaʊt kæʃ ənd ˈkrɛdɪt ˈdɪfərənt frəm ðət əv moʊst ˈpipəl bɔrn ɪn ðə ˈθərˈtin ˈkɑləniz, ənd frəm ðət əv ˈəðər ˈɪməgrənts ɛz wɛl. ðə ˈɪnəˌveɪtərz ˈænəˌlaɪzd hir wər nonfarming*, ˈərbən ˈpipəl ˈkəmfərtəbəl wɪθ ðə tulz əv ˈpəblɪk ˈməni, tækˈseɪʃən, ˈgəvərnmənt ˈspɛndɪŋ, ənd ˈəðər minz əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts fərst ˈsɑlvənt ənd ðɛn ˈprɑspərəs. ɛz ðə ʧif ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈɔfɪsərz, ðeɪ muvd ˈməni əˈkrɔs ˈoʊʃənz ənd əˈkrɔs ˈnæʃənəl, steɪt, ˈkaʊnti, ənd ˈsɪti ˈbɔrdərz. ˈdilɪŋ boʊθ dəˈmɛstɪkli ənd wɪθ ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈbæŋkərz ənd ˈgəvərnmənts, ðeɪ θrəst ðɛr ˈkəntri ˈɪntu ə nu ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə əˈtlæntɪk wərld. ɪn ðɪs sɛns, ðɛr ˈwɑndərˌləst ənd ˈrɛdinəs fər boʊld ˈækʃən ˈnɛvər daɪd. kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈəðər ˈfaʊndərz səʧ ɛz ðə fɔr vərˈʤɪnjə ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts, ðeɪ rɪˈmeɪnd ˈpərsənəli ˈrutləs. ðeɪ sɔ ˈkæpɪtəl ɛz ˈrutləs, too—movable*, ˈpɔrtəbəl, ˈmaɪgrəˌtɔri ɪn ðə seɪm sɛns ðət ðeɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz wər. ðɛrz wɑz ən əˈgrɛriən eɪʤ, ənd moʊst ˈpipəl θruaʊt ðə wərld wər ˈfɑrmərz taɪd tɪ ðə sleɪvz, sərfs, ˈrɛntərz, ər ˈoʊnərz. bət ðə ˈɪməgrənts ɪn ðɪs bʊk wər nɑt. ðeɪ hæd noʊ ˌplænˈteɪʃənz tɪ ˌɪnˈhɛrət ər ˈəðər ˈbɪznɪsɪz bɪlt əp baɪ ðɛr ˈpɛrənts ənd ˈgrændˌpɛrənts. ðɛr taɪz tɪ ˈɛni steɪt ər kəmˈjunɪti ræn lɛs dip ðən ðoʊz əv ˈsɛtələrz. ðeɪ hæd noʊ nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˌʤiniˈɑləʤi, noʊ ænˈsɛstrəl fɑrmz ər ˈmænərz. bət ˈniðər dɪd ðeɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnd tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə ˈhoʊmˌlændz ðeɪ hæd lɛft. biɪŋ ˈrutləs ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðeɪ wər ˈbɛtər ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðə ˌɪnˈtrɪnsɪk əv haʊ ɪts moʊˈbɪlɪti kʊd sərv ðə ˈpəblɪk gʊd. ɛz ə ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn wən əv ˈwɪljəm ˈnɑvəlz ɪkˈsprɛsɪz ɪt, wər ˈfɔrənərz, ˈstreɪnʤərz, ðət θɔt ˈdɪfərˈɛntli frəm ðə ˈpipəl huz ˈkəntri wi hæd kəm ˈɪntu wɪˈθaʊt biɪŋ æst ər wanted.”*.” jɛt ðɪs seɪm ˈkɛrɪktər əv ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ən ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən nɑt tɪ dɪˈmin ˈloʊkəl ˈkəstəmz bət ˌɪnˈstɛd rɪˈspɛkt ləv fər ðə lænd wɛr hi ənd hɪz ˈpipəl wər bɔrn ənd tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ə mæn wʊd hæv tɪ ækt ɛz ðə lænd wɛr hi wɑz bɔrn hæd treɪnd ɪm tɪ act.”*.” ðə ˈɪməgrənt ˌfɪnənˈsɪrz wər ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ə ˈkɑnstənt tæsk əv ˈrɛkənˌsaɪlɪŋ wət ðeɪ nu əˈbaʊt ˈməni ənd ˈkrɛdɪt wɪθ wət ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz hu əˈpɔɪntɪd ðɛm bɪˈlivd. ˈmɔrɪs, ˈhæməltən, ənd ˈgælətɪn hæd ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ənd ˈhæbəts əv θɔt ˈdɪfərənt frəm ðoʊz əv ðə ˈplæntərz ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ˈʤɛfərsən, ənd ˈmædɪsən. ˈivɪn ɛz ˈtiˌneɪʤərz, ˈmɔrɪs ənd ˈhæməltən hæd wərkt lɔŋ aʊərz ɪn ˈmərʧənt ˈhaʊsɪz. ˈgælətɪn hæd bɪn ðə bɛst ˈstudənt ɪn hɪz ˌmæθəˈmætɪks ˈklæsɪz æt ɪˈlit əˈkædəmiz ɪn ʤəˈnivə. ɔl θri hæd groʊn əp ɪn ˈsɪtiz ˈrəðər ðən ɔn fɑrmz ər ˌplænˈteɪʃənz. ðeɪ dɛlt mɔr wɪθ ˈmuvəbəl ˈkæpɪtəl ðən wɪθ ˌɪˈmuvəbəl lænd, ənd ðeɪ ˈtrəstɪd ðɛr oʊn əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈmænɪʤ boʊθ ˈpəblɪk ənd ˈpraɪvət ˈfaɪˌnæns. fər ðə fərst tu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz əv juz. ˈhɪstəri, ðiz θri ˈɪməgrənts ənd ˈəðərz laɪk ðɛm ˈɪnfluənst ˈnæʃənəl ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈpɑləsiz mɔr ˈpaʊərfli ðən dɪd ˈsɪtɪzənz bɔrn ɪn ðə ˈθərˈtin ˈkɑləniz. ənd ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst tu ˈhənərd jɪrz, ðɛr aɪˈdiəz fɔrmd məʧ əv ðə ˈfreɪmˌwərk fər əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt. təˈdeɪ, ðə juz. ˈtrɛʒəri ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*., stændz raɪt nɛkst tɪ ðə waɪt haʊs. ɪts faɪv ˈeɪkərz əv speɪs ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ θri ˈsɪti blɑks. ɔn ðə ˈɑpəzɪt saɪdz əv ɪts lɛŋθ ər tu ˈpɪlərd façades*, iʧ ˈoʊvərˌlʊkɪŋ ə ˈspeɪʃəs ˈplɑzə. ə lɑrʤ brɑnz ˈstæˌʧu əv ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈhæməltən ˈdɑməˌneɪts wən ˈplɑzə. ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd ɪz ə ˈsɪmələr ˈstæˌʧu əv ˈælbərt ˈgælətɪn. ðɛr ər noʊ ˈəðər ˈstæˌʧuz. nɔr du ˈmɑnjəmənts tɪ ˈoʊnli ˈsteɪtsmɪn əˈdɔrn ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ, frɛnʧ, ˈʤərmən, brəˈzɪljən, ʧaɪˈniz, ˈɪndiən, ər ˌʤæpəˈniz ɪkˈwɪvələnts əv ðə juz. ˈtrɛʒəri. ðət aɪˈdiə simz ˈludəkrəs ɔn ɪts feɪs. ˈhæməltən ənd ˈgælətɪn wər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈɛnəmiz wɪθ ˈpɑrtli kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈvɪʒənz əv ðə fˈjuʧər ənd əv ðə bɛst weɪz tɪ fʊlˈfɪl ɪt. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə tu ˈsɛnʧəriz sɪns ðeɪ lɛft ˈɔfəs, ˈmɛni əv ðɛr ˈdɪfərɪŋ aɪˈdiəz hæv sərˈvaɪvd, vaɪɪŋ fər ˈdɑmənəns. ˈhæməltən ɪgˈzɛmpləˌfaɪz ˌɛnərˈʤɛtɪk ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈvɪgərəs ˈfɛdərəl ˈproʊˌgræmz fər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ. ˈgælətɪn ˈsɪmbəˌlaɪzɪz loʊ ˈtæksɪz ənd lɛs ˌɪnˈtruʒən baɪ ˈgəvərnmənt. ðɛr vjuz stɪl ˌəndərˈlaɪ dəˈbeɪts ˈoʊvər ðə ˈprɑpər roʊlz əv ðə ˈpəblɪk ənd ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktərz, ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈlɛvəl əv tækˈseɪʃən, ənd ðə ˈkɛrɪktər əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl dɛt. əv kɔrs, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts həz ʧeɪnʤd ˈdræstɪkli sɪns ðɛr fɔt ə ˈsɪvəl wɔr, ˈɛndɪd sˈleɪvəri, sprɛd ðə riˈpəblɪk əˈkrɔs ðə nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkɑntənənt ənd bɪɔnd, ˈməltəˌplaɪd ɪts ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən mɔr ðən ə ˈhənərd taɪmz ˈoʊvər, ənd bɪˈkəm ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ɪˈkɑnəmi. bət ðə ˈkɑntɛst ˈoʊvər ðɛr aɪˈdiəz həz ɪnˈdʊrd. ðə ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪz ənd rɪˈkərənt əv ənd aɪˈdiəz hæv ˈsəmˌtaɪmz prəˈdust bɪˈzɑr ənd ˈivɪn ˈhɑrmfəl rɪˈzəlts. ɪn ðə lɔŋ rən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðeɪ hæv ˈjildɪd ˈaʊtˌkəmz əv ˌɪˈmɛʒərˌæbəl ˈbɛnəfɪt tɪ ðə ˈkəntri. ðɪs bʊk ʃoʊz haʊ ðoʊz aɪˈdiəz ɪˈvɑlvd ənd wər fərst pʊt ˈɪntu ˈpræktɪs.
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the united states government started out on a shoestring and almost immediately went bankrupt. to fight its war of independence from britain, it borrowed from banks in holland and wheedled large sums from france, britain’s great rival. the continental congress continually asked the new state governments for funds but never received more than a fraction of what it needed. desperate for cash, congress made extravagant use of the printing presses, churning out stacks of paper money. the quick depreciation of this currency gave rise to the phrase “not worth a continental.” the war of independence not only impoverished the country, but also left it burdened with the highest public debt it has ever experienced, measured against the income of its government. unpaid interest on the debt grew larger year by year, during the deep depression that persisted throughout the 1780s. there seemed to be no way out—the more so because “these united colonies,” as the declaration of independence called them, were now “free and independent states.” from massachusetts, new york, and pennsylvania in the north to virginia, the carolinas, and georgia in the south, the thirteen states differed in many of their basic economic interests and some of their core ideas. not until the late 1860s, after the civil war, did people speak of the nation in the singular: “the united states is” rather than “the united states are.” during the first forty years after 1776, the new country could have broken apart because of its financial problems, which were related to sectional disputes and even more to foreign affairs. it happened to be blessed, however, with a handful of people who understood finance and also grasped the economic potential of the american national future. a disproportionate number of them were recent arrivals from almost a dozen different places overseas. this book shows how they put the united states on a sound institutional footing to manage its finances, and how some of their ideas grew out of their experience as immigrants. it highlights what they did more than what they wrote and said. the achievements of one of them, alexander hamilton—who came from st. croix in the danish west indies—are well known. but a great deal of fresh research on hamilton and a more thorough look at how he went about his work underscore the influence of his overseas origins. in addition, a closer analysis of the parts other immigrants played in the financial affairs of the early republic reveals a much larger role than they have usually been accorded. it also illuminates the strengths and weaknesses of the major founders who had been born in north america—and why they depended on financial policies designed by recent arrivals. did other aspects of governing rely on immigrants to the same extent that finance did? no. during the first fifty years under the constitution, only six of the sixty persons appointed to presidential cabinets had been born abroad. five of those six became secretaries of theeasury. when george washington was inaugurated as president in 1789, one of the first tasks he faced under the new constitution was to establish a national executive administration. because of the immense debt left over from the war of independence, financial affairs would be among the most critical concerns. the candidates washington considered for secretary of theeasury were robert morris, who had come from the english port of liverpool, and alexander hamilton, who had emigrated from the caribbean. twelve years later, when thomas jefferson took office in 1801 as the first republican president (no relation to the present-day party of that name), he, too, appointed a foreign-born secretary: albert gallatin, who had come from geneva; and he reappointed him in 1805. jefferson’s successor, james madison, also appointed gallatin—in 1809 and again in 1813. later, when gallatin left office to negotiate the end of the war with britain that had begun in 1812, madison appointed, in sequence, two more immigrants: george w. campbell (from scotland) and alexander james dallas (from jamaica). thus, four of the first six secretaries of theeasury were born overseas. they served for twenty-one of the first twenty-seven years under the constitution—78 percent of that period. was this a remarkable circumstance? compared to later patterns of appointment, exceedingly so. of the next sixty-seven secretaries, serving into the twenty-first century, only two were born abroad, and their combined service lasted less than two years out of almost two hundred. why would immigrants occupy such a sensitive office 78 percent of the time from 1789 through 1816, versus 1 percent of the time since? did the foreign-born constitute a greater proportion of the u.s. population during the early years? no. the rate of immigration had been sluggish before the revolutionary war, and a very high percentage of the population was native-born. the u.s. census did not begin to record foreign births until 1850. but other data suggest that in 1775 the number of persons born abroad, including those from africa, was no more than about 8 percent of the population, and likely less. immigration then dropped during the fighting of 1775–1783, and during most years of the napoleonic wars and the war of 1812. in 1816 the proportion of foreign-born was probably no more than about 4 percent, among the lowest in u.s. history. when the revolutionary war began in 1775, many of the colonies had experienced at least 125 years of settlement. almost all of the major founders came from families long resident in north america. john adams’s first american ancestor arrived in 1620 aboard the mayflower; benjamin franklin’s, in 1635; james madison’s, in 1653; george washington’s, in 1659; and thomas jefferson’s, in 1672. by contrast, alexander hamilton came in 1772 and albert gallatin in 1780. much of this book is about hamilton and gallatin, whom most experts regard as the two greatest secretaries of theeasury. but they were only two of about ten newcomers who shaped the early financial contours of the country. the names of some other members of this group may be recognizable, if only vaguely: robert morris, haym solomon, john jacob astor, stephen girard. but even gallatin, who served as secretary longer than anyone else ever has, is unfamiliar to most people. did it make a difference that the most important architects of the american economy were immigrants? this is like asking whether it made a difference that four of the first five presidents, who served for thirty-two of the first thirty-six years under the constitution, were slaveholding virginia planters. certainly they were iconic figures: george washington, thomas jefferson, james madison, and james monroe. yet they, like most people everywhere, tended to look at the world through the lens of their native milieu—in their case, the landed class of colonial virginia. as adults, each these four presidents came to own very large plantations. their holdings in virginia totaled about 23,000 acres—the equivalent of almost thirty-six square miles. as emerson wrote in 1860, “if a man owns land, the land owns him.” the extent to which land (as opposed to liquid capital) dominated virginia’s culture is reflected in the number of banks chartered during the nation’s first decades. in 1781, when virginia was the largest and most populous state, not a single bank existed anywhere in the country. by 1837, there were 627. of these, massachusetts had 123 banks, new york 98, pennsylvania 49, but virginia only 6. each bank increased the money supply in the state where it was chartered—promoting commerce, manufacturing, and faster economic growth. robert morris played the major role in securing a charter for the nation’s first bank, which opened in philadelphia in 1782. alexander hamilton drafted the charter for its second, founded in new york in 1784. they and other financial innovators from overseas took a more commercial and cosmopolitan perspective than the landowners in virginia and most other states, especially in the south. the stories told here suggest that their being immigrants broadened their insights and shaped their behavior. they did not fit the image of immigrants popularized in the famous poem written by emma lazarus in 1883 and etched on the statue of liberty. they were not tired, or wretched refuse, or members of huddled masses. nearly all of them came alone and full of vigor. the economic foundations they laid were a vital part of the promise that drew the millions of immigrants who followed them. even in the eighteenth century, abundant land attracted more newcomers than any other endowment of north america. but it did not attract most of the protagonists of this book. rather, these agents of financial change arrived with a mentality about cash and credit different from that of most people born in the thirteen colonies, and from that of other immigrants as well. the innovators analyzed here were nonfarming, urban people comfortable with the tools of public finance—with money, taxation, government spending, and other means of making the united states first solvent and then prosperous. as the nation’s chief financial officers, they moved money across oceans and across national, state, county, and city borders. dealing both domestically and with european bankers and governments, they thrust their country into a new economic relationship with the atlantic world. in this sense, their wanderlust and readiness for bold action never died. compared to other founders such as the four virginia presidents, they remained personally rootless. they saw capital as rootless, too—movable, portable, migratory in the same sense that they themselves were. theirs was an agrarian age, and most people throughout the world were farmers tied to the land—as slaves, serfs, renters, or owners. but the immigrants in this book were not. they had no plantations to inherit or other businesses built up by their parents and grandparents. their ties to any state or community ran less deep than those of native-born settlers. they had no north american genealogy, no ancestral farms or manors. but neither did they intend to return to the homelands they had left. being rootless themselves, they were better able to appreciate the intrinsic rootlessness of money—and how its mobility could serve the public good. as a character in one of william faulkner’s novels expresses it, “we were foreigners, strangers, that thought differently from the people whose country we had come into without being asked or wanted.” yet this same character of faulkner’s recognizes an obligation not to demean local customs but instead “to respect anybody’s love for the land where he and his people were born and to understand that a man would have to act as the land where he was born hadained him to act.” the immigrant financiers were engaged in a constant task of reconciling what they knew about money and credit with what the executives who appointed them believed. morris, hamilton, and gallatin had experiences and habits of thought different from those of the native-born planters washington, jefferson, and madison. even as teenagers, morris and hamilton had worked long hours in merchant houses. gallatin had been the best student in his mathematics classes at elite academies in geneva. all three had grown up in cities rather than on farms or plantations. they dealt more with movable capital than with immovable land, and theyusted their
own ability to manage both public and private finance. for the first two generations of u.s. history, these three immigrants and others like them influenced national financial policies more powerfully than did citizens born in the thirteen colonies. and over the next two hundred years, their ideas formed much of the framework for american economic development. today, the u.s.easury building in washington, d.c., stands right next to the white house. its five acres of space occupy three city blocks. on the opposite sides of its 466-foot length are two pillared façades, each overlooking a spacious plaza. a large bronze statue of alexander hamilton dominates one plaza. on the other side is a similar statue of albert gallatin. there are no other statues. nor do monuments to only foreign-born statesmen adorn the british, french, german, brazilian, chinese, indian, or japanese equivalents of the u.s.easury. that idea seems ludicrous on its face. hamilton and gallatin were political enemies with partly competitive visions of the nation’s future and of the best ways to fulfill it. during the two centuries since they left office, many of their differing ideas have survived, vying for dominance. hamilton exemplifies energetic government and vigorous federal programs for economic growth. gallatin symbolizes low taxes and less intrusion by government. their views still underlie debates over the proper roles of the public and private sectors, the appropriate level of taxation, and the character of the national debt. of course, the united states has changed drastically since their time—having fought a civil war, ended slavery, spread the republic across the north american continent and beyond, multiplied its population more than a hundred times over, and become the world’s largest economy. but the contest over their ideas has endured. the frequent compromises and recurrent fusions of hamilton’s and gallatin’s ideas have sometimes produced bizarre and even harmful results. in the long run, however, they have yielded outcomes of immeasurable benefit to the country. this book shows how those ideas evolved and were first put into practice.
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bæk ɪn 2000 wɪn ˈlɛri smær lɛft hɪz ʤɑb ɛz hɛd əv ə ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd ˌsupərkəmˈpjutər ˈsɛnər ɪn ˌɪləˈnɔɪz tɪ stɑrt ə nu ˈɪnstɪˌtut æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, sæn diˈeɪgoʊ, ənd ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˈərvaɪn, hi ˈrɛrli peɪd əˈtɛnʃən tɪ hɪz ˈbæθˌrum skeɪl. hi ˈrɛgjələrli dræŋk koʊk, ˈædɪd ˈʃʊgər tɪ hɪz ˈkɔfi, ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd bɪg mæk ˈkɑmˌboʊ milz wɪθ hɪz kɪdz æt mcdonald’s*. ˈɛksərˌsaɪz kənˈsɪstɪd əv ən ɔˈkeɪʒənəl haɪk ər ə raɪd ɔn ə ˈsteɪʃəˌnɛri baɪk. ˌɪləˈnɔɪz ðeɪ sɛd, noʊ goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən wɪn ju goʊ aʊt tɪ ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. goʊɪŋ tɪ stɑrt ˈitɪŋ ɔrˈgænɪk fud ənd gɪt ə blɑnd ˈtreɪnər ənd gɪt ə hɑt tub,’*,’ ˈriˌkɔlz smær, hu læft ɔf ðə priˈdɪkʃənz. kɔrs, aɪ dɪd ɔl three.”*.” smær, hu dɪˈrɛkts ðə ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ənd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪn lɑ ˈʤoʊlə, drɑpt frəm 205 tɪ 184 paʊnz ənd ɪz naʊ ə fɪt 63-year-old*. bət hɪz ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən trænˈsɛndz hɪz ˈrɛgjələr ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ˈproʊˌgræm ənd ˈkɛrfəli ˈmænɪʤd daɪət: hi həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈpoʊstər mæn fər ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈstrætəʤi əv ðə fˈjuʧər. ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈdɛkeɪd, hi həz ˈgæðərd ɛz məʧ ˈdætə ɛz hi kən əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈbɑdi ənd ðɛn juzd ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv hɪz hɛlθ. ənd hi həz əˈkɑmplɪʃt ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət fju ˈpipəl æt ðə ˈfɔrˌfrənt əv ðə self”*” ˈmuvmənt hæv hæd ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ du: hi hɛlpt ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊs ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ə ˈkrɑnɪk dɪˈziz ɪn hɪz ˈbɑdi. laɪk ˈmɛni ““self-quanters,”*,” smær wɛrz ə tɪ kaʊnt hɪz ˈɛvəri stɛp, ə tɪ træk hɪz slip ˈpætərnz, ənd ə ˈpoʊlər ðət lɛts ɪm ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt hɪz ˈmæksəməm hɑrt reɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz. hi peɪd tɪ ˈænəˌlaɪz hɪz ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ fər dɪˈziz səˌsɛptəˈbɪləti. hi ˈrɛgjələrli ˈjuzɪz ə ˈsərvɪs prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ jʊr fˈjuʧər hɛlθ tɪ hæv bləd ənd stul ˈsæmpəlz ˈænəˌlaɪzd fər ðət moʊst ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪm. bət ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl skɪl ˈsɛpərˌeɪts smær frəm ðə groʊɪŋ pæk əv ˈdɪʤəˌtaɪzd ˈpeɪʃənz hu ʃoʊ əp æt ðə ˈɔfəs wɪθ ˈmɛgəˌbaɪts əv ðɛr oʊn biofluctuations*: hi həz ən ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri əˈbɪləˌti tɪ fɪʃ ˈsɪgnəl frəm nɔɪz ɪn ˈkɑmplɛks ˈdætə sɛts. ɔn tɔp əv hɪz ˌpaɪəˈnɪrɪŋ kəmˈpjutər saɪəns ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd fər ðə əˈdɑpʃən əv ˈɑrpəˌnɛt, ən ˈərli ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt, ənd ˈstudənts æt hɪz ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌɪləˈnɔɪz ˈsɛnər dɪˈvɛləpt moʊˈzeɪɪk, ðə fərst ˈwaɪdli juzd spɛnt 25 jɪrz ɛz ən ˌæstroʊˈfɪsɪsɪst ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˌrɛləˈtɪvəti ˈθɪri. ðət geɪv ɪm ðə ˌɛkspərˈtiz tɪ ʧɑrt ˈsɛvərəl əv hɪz ˈoʊvər taɪm ənd ðɛn ˈoʊvərˌleɪ ðə ˌlɑnʤəˈtudənəl græfs tɪ ˈmɑnətər ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm ðə ˌɪmˈjun ˈstætəs əv hɪz gət ənd bləd tɪ ðə ˈfəŋkʃən əv hɪz hɑrt ənd ðə ˈθɪknəs əv hɪz ˈɑrtəriz. hɪz məˈtɪkjələsli kəˈlɛktəd ənd ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˈdætə hɛlpt ˈdɑktərz dɪˈskəvər ðət hi həz, ən ɪnˈflæməˌtɔri baʊəl dɪˈziz. aɪ hæv, ə ˈkəzən əv, ənd aɪ æm ˌɪnˈtrigd baɪ wət smær kɔlz hɪz story.”*.” hɪz ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əv hɪz ˈbɑdi həz ɪˈvɑlvd ˈɪntu ə ˈnɑvəl kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ə ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstænd ənd trit hɪz dɪˈziz, ənd ˈmeɪbi ˈivɪn tɪ hɛlp ˈəðərz laɪk mi. bət aɪ æm ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈskɛptɪk. ˈæftər 22 jɪrz əv siɪŋ ˈspɛʃəlɪsts, ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈbætəri əv tɛsts, ðə ˈkɑmplɛks ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈlɪtərəʧər, ənd traɪɪŋ ə ˈhɑʤˌpɑʤ əv ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃənz, aɪ hæv hæd noʊ lək ˈsteɪvɪŋ ɔf flɛrz ənd ˈoʊnli ˈmɑdəst səkˈsɛs kənˈtroʊlɪŋ ðɛm wɪθ drəgz. laɪk ˈəðərz hu hæv ˈkrɑnɪk ˈɪlnəsɪz, aɪ æm əˈkjutli ˈsɛnsɪtɪv tɪ fɔls hoʊp. aɪ hæv bɪn rɪˈpitɪdli ˈbæfəld baɪ ðə kɔrs maɪ dɪˈziz teɪks ənd ˈθəroʊli kənfˈjuzd baɪ tɛsts mɛnt tɪ ˈklɛrəˌfaɪ maɪ kənˈdɪʃən. wɪn aɪ fərst mit smær ənd hi gɪvz mi ə tʊr əv hɪz ˈɪnstɪˌtut, ˈkɑmənli noʊn ɛz aɪ tɛl ɪm ðət aɪ faɪnd ɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈprɑməs frəm haɪp, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət hɪz ɪnˈdɛvər həz ɔl ðə ˈpɪtˌfɔlz əv ˈɛni tɛst ɪn wɪʧ ˈoʊnli wən ˈpərsən ɪz ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt. dɪsˈrəpʃən bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ ən ɛn əv hi rɪˈplaɪz. smær həz ə ˈɔfəs ɔn ðə saɪd əv ə slik ˈbɪldɪŋ, bət məʧ əv hɪz flɔr rɪˈzɛmbəlz ə hɪp ˌɑrkəˈtɛkʧərəl fərm. ˈwərkˌsteɪʃənz ˈzɪgzæg əˈkrɔs ə væst speɪs ðət ˈfiʧərz ɪkˈspoʊzd ˈvɛntɪŋ paɪps ənd ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ˈkɑndwəts ɔn ðə ˈneɪkəd ˈsilɪŋ. hɪz ʧif əˈsɪstənt, hu lɪvz nɪr sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, tɔks tɪ ˈkoʊˈwərkərz ˈviə skaɪp ənd ə ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd kəmˈpjutər ˈmɑnətər. əˈkrɔs ðə rum, ʧɛrz ər əreɪnʤd ˌbiˈfɔr ə wɔl əv dɪˈspleɪz stækt faɪv haɪ ənd 14 waɪd, wɪθ ə ˈtoʊtəl əv ˈmɪljən ˈpɪksəlz ðət kən ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli ʃoʊ ˈdəzənz əv breɪn skænz ər ðə stɑrz ɪn ə ˈgæləksi. ðoʊ hi həz noʊ ˈlæbrəˌtɔri əv hɪz oʊn, hi ʃoʊz ɔf ðə ˈprɑʤɛkts æt ɛz ðoʊ iʧ wər wən əv hɪz ˈʧɪldrən. ðə læbz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm məˈʃin pərˈsɛpʃən ənd geɪm ˈkəlʧər tɪ ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ənd ˈvərʧuəl ˌriˈæləˌti. wən, wɪʧ smær ˈrisəntli tæpt tɪ dɪˈtərmən hɪz pik ˈɑksɪʤən kənˈsəmʃən ənd ˈmæksəməm hɑrt reɪt, ˈstədiz weɪz tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ənd ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən hɛlθ. əˈnəðər riˈsərʧɪz ˈdɪʤətəli ɪˈneɪbəld blɛnd əv dɪˈvaɪsɪz wɪθ ˈwaɪrlɪs tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ ˈdætə. ðə pleɪs meɪks maɪ ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən dæns. soʊ, tu, dɪz ˈmɛdɪkəl sˈluθɪŋ əv hɪz oʊn ˈbɑdi. nɑt ˈoʊnli dɪz hi wɔnt tɪ kənˈvɪns ˈəðərz ðət ðeɪ kən ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli ˈɔltər ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ənd ˈtrænsfɔrm fɪˈzɪʃənz ˈɪntu ˈpɑrtnərz, bət ˈɔlsoʊ goʊɪŋ ˈpəblɪk wɪθ hɪz biodata*, ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət wɪl lɛd tɪ nu ˈɪnˌsaɪts əˈbaʊt ðə ɪˈlusɪv lɪŋks bɪtˈwin ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ ˈsikwənsɪz,, ənd dɪˈziz. aɪ sun baɪ ˈɪntu hɪz ˈvɪʒən, ɛmˈbɑrkɪŋ ɔn ə ˈkloʊzər ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən əv maɪ oʊn dɪˈziz ðət, æt ðə ˈvɛri list, maɪ ˌrɛzɪgˈneɪʃən tɪ ɪt. ˈmɪstəri sɑlvd ˈlɛri smær ˈstəmbəld ˈɪntu hɪz roʊl ɛz ə fər ˈdɪʤəˌtaɪzɪŋ ənd ðɛn ˈmɛdəsən; hi ˈstrɛsɪz ðət baɪ ˈneɪʧər hi ɪz ə rɪˈzərvd ənd ˈpraɪvət ˈpərsən. hi wɑz bɔrn ənd reɪzd ɪn kəˈləmbiə, məˈzʊri, wɛr hɪz ˈpɛrənts ræn ə flaʊər ʃɑp frəm ðə hoʊm ˈbeɪsmənt. wən əv hɪz ˈgreɪtəst ˈpæʃənz ɪz ðə kwaɪət, ˈsɑləˌtɛri ˌkəltɪˈveɪʃən əv ðət moʊst ˈfɪnəki ənd ˈdɛləkət əv plænts, ðə ˈɔrkəd. jɛt hi həz noʊ rɪˈgrɛts əˈbaʊt goʊɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ɪn ˈraɪtɪŋz ənd tɔks wɪθ ɪkˈstrimli ˈɪnɪmət ˈditeɪlz əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈbɑdi. ˈpipəl θɪŋk crazy,”*,” hi sɪz. bət ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv hɪz ˈkændər, ˈmɛni ˈpipəl hæv ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ɪm, hi sɪz, ənd hi ʃoʊz mi haʊ ə ˈgugəl sərʧ ɔn hɪz neɪm naʊ pʊlz əp ˈɑrtɪkəlz əˈbaʊt hɪz kwɛst ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls hi həz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn hɪz dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt kərɪr. smær sɪz hi ˈaʊtəd ɛz ə kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪd self”*” ˈæftər hi spoʊk æt ə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈsəmɪt ɪn meɪ 2010 ə ˈsɛʃən ˈtaɪtəld tɛkˈnɑləʤi: ðə bɪg challenges”*” ˈfiʧərd ɪm ɔn ə ˈpænəl wɪθ ˈliˌrɔɪ hʊd, ə ˈkoʊˈfaʊndər əv ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈsɪstəmz baɪˈɑləʤi ɪn siˈætəl ənd wən əv ðə ˌɪnˈvɛntərz əv ðə fərst ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ sequencer*. hʊd dɪˈskəst hɪz pʊʃ fər tɛkˈnɑləʤi ðət hi hoʊps wɪl ˌɪntrəˈdus ən ˈɪrə əv ˈmɛdəsən hi kɔlz prɪˈdɪktɪv, prɪˈvɛnɪv, ˈpərsənəˌlaɪzd, ənd ˌpɑrˈtɪsəpəˌtɔri. smær toʊld hɪz oʊn ˈstɔri əv ˈjuzɪŋ tɪ luz weɪt. ə rɪˈpɔrtər ˈɪntərvˌjud ɪm ˈæftər ðə ˈsɛʃən, ˈsikɪŋ mɔr ˈditeɪlz, ənd ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðət ˈɑrtɪkəl, ˈspikɪŋ rɪkˈwɛsts ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ pɔr ɪn. hʊd ɛnˈvɪʒənz ə deɪ wɪn dɪˈvaɪsɪz ˈjuzɪŋ ˌnænoʊˌtɛkˈnɑləˌʤi wɪl ˈmɛʒər ˈmɑrkərz ɪn bləd tɪ træk ˌfləkʧuˈeɪʃənz ɪn wət hi ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ər əˈbaʊt 50 ˈproʊˌtinz ɪn 50 əv ðə ˈɔrgənz. bət ðət ɪz nɑt jɛt ˈpræktɪkəl, soʊ smær ˈsɛtəld ɔn əˈbaʊt 100 tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ hɪz ˈdaɪəˌtɛri ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wər əˈfɛktɪŋ hɪz ˈbɑdi. ˈlɛvəlz əv wən əv ðə ˈmɑrkərz, ˈproʊˌtin, ər, stʊd aʊt ɛz haɪər ðən ˈnɔrməl. ˈtrɪgərz ən ˌɪmˈjun rɪˈspɑns baɪ ˈbaɪndɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsərfəs əv ˈeɪlɪŋ sɛlz, ənd ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ɪt ʃʊd bi lɛs ðən wən ˈmɪləˌgræm pər ˈlitər əv bləd. ˈlɛvəl ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 2007 wɑz mɔr əˈlɑrmɪŋ stɪl, ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst ˈsɛvən mənθs ɪt ˈstɛdəli klaɪmd tɪ hi fɛlt faɪn, bət hi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ sik ə ədˈvaɪs, ˈwərid ðət ˈsəmθɪŋ wɑz əˈmɪs. ðə ˈdɔktər dɪsˈmɪst ˌlɑnʤəˈtudənəl ˈdætə, ˈtɛlɪŋ ɪm tɪ rɪˈtərn ɪf hi hæd ˈsɪmptəmz. ər ðə ˈgeɪtˌkipərz, ənd ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ disintermediated,”*,” hi sɪz, kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ðə bæŋk ˈtɛlərz hu ˌɪˈnɪʃəli atms*. wɪˈθɪn ə fju mənθs, ə ʃɑrp, pərˈsɪstənt peɪn ɪn ðə lɛft saɪd əv hɪz ˈæbdəmən sɛnt ɪm tɪ ðə ˈɔfəs, ənd hi wɑz ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst wɪθ əˈkjut, ən ˌɪnˈfɛkʃən əv ˈpɑkəts ɪn ðə wɔl əv ðə ˈkoʊlən. ə bləd tɛst ʃoʊd ðət hɪz hæd klaɪmd tɪ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə əˈtæk. hi tʊk ˌæntibaɪˈɑtɪks, ðə ˈsɪmptəmz riˈzɑlvd, ənd hɪz drɑpt tɪ ðət wɑz stɪl ənˈjuˌʒuəli haɪ. kənˈsərnd ðət ðiz ˈridɪŋz maɪt, ɛz hi hæd rɛd, ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ə plæk ˈbɪlˌdəp ðət kʊd lɛd tɪ ə hɑrt əˈtæk, hi hæd ˈdɑktərz du əv hɪz kərˈɑtɪd ˈɑrtəri ənd faʊnd ðət ɪt wɑz ˌɪnˈdid ˈθɪkənɪŋ. tɪ ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstænd ðə əˈtæk, hi hæd hɪz stul ˈænəˌlaɪzd fər, əˈməŋ ˈəðər θɪŋz,, ə ˈmɑrkər əv ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən. hɪz, tu, roʊz ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz tɪ wɛˈræz ðə ˈnɔrməl kaʊnt ɪz lɛs ðən wɪn hi ˈoʊvərˌleɪd hɪz rɪˈzəlts ɔn ə græf wɪθ hɪz ˌfləkʧuˈeɪʃənz, hi ˈnoʊtɪst ðət ðə tu ɪn ˈtændəm. ə ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2010 rɪˈvild ɪkˈstɛnsɪv, bət smær, hu hæd ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈlɪtərəʧər ˈɔnˌlaɪn, rɪˈmeɪnd ˌənkənˈvɪnst ðət ðɪs wɑz hɪz ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ dɪˈsɔrdər. hi bɪˈkeɪm ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˌɪnˈtrigd baɪ ˈstədiz ðət lɪŋkt haɪ ˈlɛvəlz tɪ ɪnˈflæməˌtɔri baʊəl dɪˈziz. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt, smær dɪˈskəvərd ðət hæd ˈrisəntli haɪərd ə nu hɛd əv gastroenterology*, ˈwɪljəm, hu hæd ˈpəblɪʃt ə kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ˈstədi ðət ˈʧɑrtɪd ˈraɪzɪz ɪn ˈlɛvəlz ˈdʊrɪŋ flɛrz əv ɪnˈflæməˌtɔri baʊəl dɪˈziz. ðə tu mɛt ənd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ du jɛt əˈnəðər. baɪ ðɛn, ˈlɛvəl hæd ˈrɪzən tɪ ə ˈwɑpɪŋ 900 rivˈjud ðə rɪˈzəlts ənd kənˈkludɪd ðət hɪz nu ˈpeɪʃənt maɪt hæv dɪˈziz. smær naʊ θɪŋks hɪz əˈtæk wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ə flɛr. ə ˈpɛrəˌdaɪm fər wət wɪl ˈhæpən ɪn ðə future,”*,” hʊd sɪz əv ˈstɔri. ˈmɛdəsən, kənˈsumərz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ðə ˈdraɪvɪŋ goʊɪŋ tɪ bi fɪˈzɪʃənz. goʊɪŋ tɪ dɪˈmænd tɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz əˈbaʊt ðɛr oʊn ˈwɛlnəs ənd wət kən bi done.”*.” ˌkɑrdiˈɑləʤɪst ˈɛrɪk ˈtoʊpɑl, ˈɔθər əv ðə kriˈeɪtɪv dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ˈmɛdəsən (si healing”*” ənd hɛd əv ðə skrɪps saɪəns ˈɪnstɪˌtut daʊn ðə strit frəm, səˈpɔrts ðə ˈmuvmənt bət sɪz ɪt həz ðə moʊst tɪ ˈɔfər ˈpipəl hu, laɪk smær, zum ɪn ɔn spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɪʃuz. ˈkɑligz hæv ə attitude,”*,” sɪz ˈtoʊpɑl. laɪk ˈlɛri hæv məʧ mɔr ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd hir, ənd goʊɪŋ tɪ pʊt ɪn taɪm ənd ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ ˈgæðər ɛz məʧ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ðoʊz klɪˈnɪʃənz hu hæv ðə tɪ əˈdæpt tɪ ðɪs wɪl bi ˈbɛtər ˈdɑktərz ɪn ðə future.”*.” smær ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ðət ˈmɛni ˈpipəl du nɑt hæv hɪz skɪlz æt əˈmæsɪŋ ənd ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈdætə, nɔr du ðeɪ hæv hɪz ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət hɪz rate”*” fər tɛsts ənd ˈəðər ɪkˈspɛnsɪz hɪz hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns wʊd nɑt peɪ fər həz reɪnʤd frəm tɪ pər jɪr. stɪl, hi θɪŋks ˈmɛdɪkəl kwɛsts laɪk hɪz wɪl bɪˈkəm mɔr ˈkɑmən wɪθ ðə ˈimərʤəns əv tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ðət mɔr ˈizəli ənd ˈʧipli tɛst ənd ˈsikwəns ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ. ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈstɔri ɪz ə gʊd ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ən ˈərli victory,”*,” hi sɪz. nɑt seɪɪŋ wi nid tɪ gɪt rɪd əv ˈdɑktərz. bət ˌɪˈmæʤən ɪf ju goʊ ɪn tɪ ðə ˈdɔktər ənd ˈlɪtəl ˈwɪʤɪts hæv bɪn rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ˈdætə tɪ ðə klaʊd ənd ðə ˈdɔktər kən lʊk æt ɪt. goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə ˈvæstli mɔr pərˈdəktɪv ˈvɪzɪt. bi ə ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈifɛkt ɔn them.”*.” gət ʧɛk ənˈlaɪk ðə ˈdɑktərz hu dimd ˈdætə ˈmaɪnɪŋ ə ˈklɪnɪkəli ˈjusləs ““academic”*” ˈɛksərˌsaɪz baɪ ən ˈæməˌʧər, ˈwɛlkəmz hɪz ˈɪnˌpʊt. ˈlərnɪd ən ɪˈnɔrmɪs əˈmaʊnt frəm ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ˈpeɪʃənz ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz ənd ʤɪst biɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈʤərni ðət ðeɪ goʊ θru wɪθ ðɛr illness,”*,” sɪz ðə. jɛt ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˈprɑʤɛkt ənd ˌpərsəˈnælɪti hæv ˈklɪrli ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp əv ə kaɪnd hi maɪt hæv əˈvɔɪdɪd wɪθ ˈəðərz. noʊts ðət ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz, weɪsts ˈməni, sɛndz ˈpeɪʃənz ɔn ˈtænʤənts, ənd kən lɛd tɪ fɔls ˈpɑzətɪv rɪˈzəlts ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli kɔz hɑrm. əv ðoʊz θɪŋz əˈplaɪ ɪn case,”*,” hi sɪz. həz əˈgrid tɪ əˈkəmpəni smær ɔn ən ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən ˈɪntu əˈnəðər ˈmɛdɪkəl frənˈtɪr: ðə. ɪn 2010 ˈneɪʧər ˈpəblɪʃt ə ˈstədi ðət ˈsɪftɪd θru ˈfikəl ˈsæmpəlz frəm 124 ˈpipəl, ˈpləkɪŋ aʊt ðə maɪˈkroʊbiəl ʤinz ɪn ˈhɛlθi ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ənd ðoʊz wɪθ ər. ɪn ðə ˈhɛlθi grup, ðə ˈrisərʧərz faʊnd ən ˈævərɪʤ əv ˈmɪljən maɪˈkroʊbiəl 150 taɪmz ðə ˈnəmbər əv ʤinz ɪn ðə ˈjumən ˈʤiˌnoʊm. ˈpipəl hu hæd ən ɪnˈflæməˌtɔri baʊəl dɪˈziz ˈhɑrbərd 25 pərˈsɛnt fjuər maɪˈkroʊbiəl ʤinz, ənd ðə ˈspiʃiz əv bækˈtɪriə ðət wər dɪˈplitɪd ˈdɪfərd ɪn ˈpipəl wɪθ ənd ðoʊz wɪθ. smær biɪŋ smær, hi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ hæv hɪz æt ðə ʤeɪ. kreɪg ˈvɛntər ˈɪnstɪˌtut., ɪn tərn, plænz tɪ wərk wɪθ ˈrisərʧərz æt ðə ˈvɛntər ˈɪnstɪˌtut tɪ əˈsɛs ˈwɛðər ðeɪ kən pʊl ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈminɪŋfəl aʊt əv ðɪs moʊst ˈbeɪsɪk ˈdætə, ˈkəpəld wɪθ ənd ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv hɪz dɪˈziz. fˈjuʧər ˈtritmənts, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, maɪt spəˈsɪfɪkli ðə gət wɪθ ðə bækˈtɪriə ðət ˈpipəl wɪθ ðə dɪˈziz ər ˈlækɪŋ. smær ˈɔlsoʊ plænz tɪ hæv hɪz ɪnˈtaɪər ˈʤiˌnoʊm baɪ ʤɔrʤ ʧərʧ, ðə ˈhɑrvərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti ʤəˈnɛtəsəst huz ˈpərsɪnəl ˈʤiˌnoʊm ˈprɑʤɛkt rɪˈkruts ˈpipəl ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ʃɛr ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈrɛkərdz ənd ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ ˈsikwənsɪz. ənd ə fju ˈəðərz ər bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈvɛri individuals,”*,” sɪz ʧərʧ. traɪɪŋ tɪ du ɪz ˈgæðər təˈgɛðər səʧ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ənd tərn ɪt ˈɪntu mɔr əv ə kəˈlɛktɪv ˈprɔˌsɛs. ɪf ju kip ˈdætə tɪ ˈjɔrsɛlf, hɑrd tɪ interpret.”*.” ˈlɛri smær həz nɑt kənˈvɪnst mi ðət aɪ kən ˈmænɪʤ maɪ mɔr ˈifɛktɪvli baɪ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ hɪz lɛd. bət hɪz ɪkˈspɪriəns həz ˈprɑdɪd mi tɪ kənˈsɪdər ˈɔpʃənz aɪ ˈpriviəsli ˈdɪˌskaʊnɪd ər noʊ əˈbaʊt. aɪ hæd ˈænəˌlaɪz maɪ polymorphisms*, wɪʧ ˈspɑˌtlaɪtɪd ə mˈjutənt ʤin aɪ ˈkɛri ðət ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈdəbəlz maɪ rɪsk fər. aɪ ʤɔɪnd ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈʤiˌnoʊm wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsikwəns maɪ əˈgrid tɪ meɪk ɔl maɪ ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈrɛkərdz ˈpəblɪk. aɪ sɔ ɛz ə ˈpeɪʃənt, ənd wi plæn tɪ ˈmɑnətər maɪ ənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə flɛr ənd ɔn ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən. ɪf aɪ kən faɪnd drəgz ɔn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ðət spəˈsɪfɪkli ˈkaʊntərˌækt ðə ˈifɛkts əv maɪ mˈjutənt ʤin ənd du nɑt hæv ˈsɪriəs saɪd ˈifɛkts, sɪz, ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ traɪ ðoʊz ɔn mi tu. æt ðə ɛnd əv maɪ ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən wɪθ, ɪt bɪˈkəmz klɪr ðət wi ʃɛr ə sɛns əv ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm ənd hoʊp əˈbaʊt ðə nu ˈmɛdɪkəl wərld ðət ˈlɛri smær həz ɪnˈkərəʤd iʧ əv ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈɛnər. hæv noʊ daʊt ðɪs ɪz ðə fˈjuʧər əv ˈmɛdəsən, bət aɪ hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə haʊ tɪ gɪt ðɛr frəm here,”*,” hi sɪz. əˈgɛn, wɪn ju faɪnd ðə raɪt ˈpeɪʃənz, ju kən stɑrt tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt haʊ tɪ muv forward.”*.” kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ ˈɛdɪtər ʤɑn koʊən ɪz ə ˌkɔrəˈspɑndənt wɪθ saɪəns. hɪz ˈleɪtəst bʊk ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ʧɪmˈpænzi: riˈdrɔɪŋ ðə laɪnz ðət ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈjuˈɛs frəm ðɛm.
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back in 2000, when larry smarr left his job as head of a celebrated supercomputer center in illinois to start a new institute at the university of california, san diego, and the university of california, irvine, he rarely paid attention to his bathroom scale. he regularly drank coke, added sugar to his coffee, and enjoyed big mac combo meals with his kids at mcdonald’s. exercise consisted of an occasional hike or a ride on a stationary bike. “in illinois they said, ‘we know what’s going to happen when you go out to california. you’re going to start eating organic food and get a blonde trainer and get a hot tub,’ ” recalls smarr, who laughed off the predictions. “of course, i did all three.”
smarr, who directs the california institute for telecommunications and information technology in la jolla, dropped from 205 to 184 pounds and is now a fit 63-year-old. but his transformation transcends his regular exercise program and carefully managed diet: he has become a poster man for the medical strategy of the future. over the past decade, he has gathered as much data as he can about his body and then used that information to improve his health. and he has accomplished something that few people at the forefront of the “quantified self” movement have had the opportunity to do: he helped diagnose the emergence of a chronic disease in his body.
like many “self-quanters,” smarr wears a fitbit to count his every step, a zeo to track his sleep patterns, and a polar wearlink that lets him regulate his maximum heart rate during exercise. he paid 23andme to analyze his dna for disease susceptibility. he regularly uses a service provided by your future health to have blood and stool samples analyzed for biochemicals that most interest him. but a critical skill separates smarr from the growing pack of digitized patients who show up at the doctor’s office with megabytes of their own biofluctuations: he has an extraordinary ability to fish signal from noise in complex data sets.
on top of his pioneering computer science work—he advocated for the adoption of arpanet, an early version of the internet, and students at his university of illinois center developed mosaic, the first widely used browser—smarr spent 25 years as an astrophysicist focused on relativity theory. that gave him the expertise to chart several of his biomarkers over time and then overlay the longitudinal graphs to monitor everything from the immune status of his gut and blood to the function of his heart and the thickness of his arteries. his meticulously collected and organized data helped doctors discover that he has crohn’s, an inflammatory bowel disease.
i have ulcerative colitis, a cousin of crohn’s, and i am intrigued by what smarr calls his “detective story.” his investigation of his body has evolved into a novel collaboration with a leading gastroenterologist to better understand and treat his disease, and maybe even to help others like me. but i am also a disease-weary skeptic. after 22 years of seeing specialists, enduring a battery of tests, unscrambling the complex medical literature, and trying a hodgepodge of interventions, i have had no luck staving off flares and only modest success controlling them with blunt-force drugs. like others who have chronic illnesses, i am acutely sensitive to false hope. i have been repeatedly baffled by the course my disease takes and thoroughly confused by tests meant to clarify my condition.
when i first meet smarr and he gives me a tour of his institute, commonly known as calit2, i tell him that i find it difficult to separate promise from hype, noting that his endeavor has all the pitfalls of any “n = 1” experiment—a test in which only one person is the subject. “every disruption begins with an n of 1,” he replies.
smarr has a standard-issue office on the side of a sleek six-story building, but much of his floor resembles a hip architectural firm. workstations zigzag across a vast space that features exposed venting pipes and electrical conduits on the naked ceiling. his chief assistant, who lives near san francisco, talks to coworkers via skype and a dedicated computer monitor. across the room, chairs are arranged before a wall of 30-inch displays stacked five high and 14 wide, with a total of 286.7 million pixels that can simultaneously show dozens of brain scans or the stars in a galaxy.
though he has no laboratory of his own, he shows off the projects at calit2 as though each were one of his children. the labs investigate everything from machine perception and game culture to integrated nanosensors and 3-d virtual reality. one, which smarr recently tapped to determine his peak oxygen consumption and maximum heart rate, studies ways to improve individual and population health. another researches digitally enabled genomic medicine—a blend of self-quantification devices with wireless technology and dna data.
the place makes my imagination dance. so, too, does smarr’s medical sleuthing of his own body. not only does he want to convince others that they can fundamentally alter the patient-doctor relationship and transform physicians into partners, but he’s also going public with his biodata, hoping to crowdsource information that will lead to new insights about the elusive links between dna sequences, biomarkers, and disease. i soon buy into his vision, embarking on a closer examination of my own disease that, at the very least, scuttles my resignation to it.
mystery solved
larry smarr stumbled into his role as a proselytizer for digitizing and then crowdsourcing medicine; he stresses that by nature he is a reserved and private person. he was born and raised in columbia, missouri, where his parents ran a flower shop from the home basement. one of his greatest passions is the quiet, solitary cultivation of that most finicky and delicate of plants, the orchid. yet he has no regrets about going public in writings and talks with extremely intimate details about his body. “most people think i’m crazy,” he says. but as a result of his candor, many people have contacted him, he says, and he shows me how a google search on his name now pulls up articles about his quantified-health quest before everything else he has published in his distinguished career.
smarr says he “got outed as a quantified self” after he spoke at a technology summit in may 2010. a session titled “bionanoinfo technology: the big challenges” featured him on a panel with leroy hood, a cofounder of the institute for systems biology in seattle and one of the inventors of the first automated dna sequencer. hood discussed his push for technology that he hopes will introduce an era of medicine he calls p4: predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory. smarr told his own story of using self-quantification to lose weight. a reporter interviewed him after the session, seeking more details, and in the wake of that article, speaking requests started to pour in.
hood envisions a day when devices using nanotechnology will measure 2,500 markers in blood to track fluctuations in what he estimates are about 50 proteins in 50 of the body’s organs. but that is not yet practical, so smarr settled on about 100 biomarkers to understand how his dietary changes were affecting his body. levels of one of the markers, c-reactive protein, or crp, stood out as higher than normal.
crp triggers an immune response by binding to the surface of ailing cells, and the level of it should be less than one milligram per liter of blood. smarr’s level in november 2007 was 6.1. more alarming still, over the next seven months it steadily climbed to 11.8. he felt fine, but he decided to seek a doctor’s advice, worried that something was amiss. the doctor dismissed smarr’s self-charted longitudinal crp data, telling him to return if he had symptoms. “doctors are the gatekeepers, and they’re worried about getting disintermediated,” he says, comparing them to the bank tellers who initially bad-mouthed atms.
within a few months, a sharp, persistent pain in the left side of his abdomen sent him to the doctor’s office, and he was diagnosed with acute diverticulitis, an infection of pockets in the wall of the colon. a blood test showed that his crp had climbed to 14.5 during the attack. he took antibiotics, the symptoms resolved, and his crp dropped to 4.9—but that was still unusually high. concerned that these readings might, as he had read, indicate a plaque buildup that could lead to a heart attack, he had doctors do ultrasounds of his carotid artery and found that it was indeed thickening.
to better understand the attack, he had his stool analyzed for, among other things, lactoferrin, a marker of inflammation. his lactoferrin, too, rose several times to sky-high levels—200, whereas the normal count is less than 7.3. when he overlaid his results on a graph with his crp fluctuations, he noticed that the two roller-coastered in tandem. a colonoscopy in december 2010 revealed extensive diverticulitis, but smarr, who had trolled the medical literature online, remained unconvinced that this was his underlying disorder. he became particularly intrigued by studies that linked high lactoferrin levels to inflammatory bowel disease.
at this point, smarr discovered that ucsd had recently hired a new head of gastroenterology, william sandborn, who had published a compelling study that charted rises in lactoferrin levels during flares of inflammatory bowel disease. the two met and decided to do yet another colonoscopy. by then, smarr’s lactoferrin level had risen to a whopping 900. sandborn reviewed the results and concluded that his new patient might have crohn’s disease. smarr now thinks his diverticulitis attack was actually a crohn’s flare.
“it’s a paradigm for what will happen in the future,” hood says of smarr’s story. “with p4 medicine, consumers are going to be the driving force—it isn’t going to be physicians. they’re going to demand to quantize themselves about their own wellness and what can be done.”
cardiologist eric topol, author of the creative destruction of medicine (see “technological healing” ) and head of the scripps translational science institute down the street from ucsd, supports the self-quantification movement but says it has the most to offer people who, like smarr, zoom in on specific issues. “my colleagues have a doctors-know-best attitude,” says topol. “individuals like larry have much more invested here, and they’re going to put in time and resources to gather as much information as possible. those clinicians who have the plasticity to adapt to this will be better doctors in the future.”
smarr recognizes that many people do not have his skills at amassing and analyzing data, nor do they have his resources—he estimates that his “burn rate” for tests and other expenses his health insurance would not pay for has ranged from $5,000 to $10,000 per year. still, he thinks medical quests like his will become more common with the emergence of technologies that more easily and cheaply test biomarkers and sequence dna. “my particular story is a good example of an early victory,” he says. “i’m not saying we need to get rid of doctors. but imagine if you go in to the doctor and little widgets have been recording data to the cloud and the doctor can look at it. that’s going to be a vastly more productive visit. there’ll be a liberating effect on them.”
gut check
unlike the doctors who deemed smarr’s data mining a clinically useless “academic” exercise by an amateur, sandborn welcomes his input. “i’ve learned an enormous amount from listening to patients over the years and just being open-minded about the journey that they go through with their illness,” says the gastroenterologist. yet smarr’s unusual project and personality have clearly encouraged sandborn to explore a patient-doctor relationship of a kind he might have avoided with others. sandborn notes that in many cases, overtesting wastes money, sends patients on tangents, and can lead to false positive results that actually cause harm. “none of those things apply in larry’s case,” he says.
sandborn has agreed to accompany smarr on an expedition into another medical frontier: the microbiome. in 2010, nature published a study that sifted through fecal samples from 124 people, plucking out the microbial genes in healthy individuals and those with crohn’s or ulcerative colitis. in the healthy group, the researchers found an average of 3.3 million microbial genes—about 150 times the number of genes in the human genome. people who had an inflammatory bowel disease harbored 25 percent fewer microbial genes, and the species of bacteria that were depleted differed in people with crohn’s and those with ulcerative colitis.
smarr being smarr, he decided to have his microbiome sequenced at the j. craig venter institute. sandborn, in turn, plans to work with researchers at the venter institute to assess whether they can pull something meaningful out of this most basic data, coupled with smarr’s biomarkers and the evolution of his disease. future treatments, for example, might specifically repopulate the gut with the bacteria that people with the disease are lacking. smarr also plans to have his entire genome sequenced by george church, the harvard university geneticist whose personal genome project recruits people willing to share medical records and dna sequences. “larry and a few others are becoming very well-measured individuals,” says church. “what we’re trying to do is gather together such individuals and turn it into more of a collective process. if you keep data to yourself, it’s hard to interpret.”
larry smarr has not convinced me that i can manage my ulcerative colitis more effectively by following his lead. but his experience has prodded me to consider options i previously discounted or didn’t know about. i had 23andme analyze my single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which spotlighted a mutant immune-system gene i carry that almost doubles my risk for ulcerative colitis. i joined the personal genome project—which will also sequence my microbiome—and agreed to make all my dna and medical records public. i saw sandborn as a patient, and we plan to monitor my crp and lactoferrin during a flare and on medication. if i can find immune-modulating drugs on the market that specifically counteract the effects of my mutant gene and do not have serious side effects, sandborn says, he’s willing to try those on me too.
at the end of my consultation with sandborn, it becomes clear that we share a sense of skepticism and hope about the new medical world that larry smarr has encouraged each of us to enter. “i have no doubt this is the future of medicine, but i have no idea how to get there from here,” he says. “then again, when you find the right patients, you can start to figure out how to move forward.”
tr contributing editor jon cohen is a correspondent with science. his latest book is almost chimpanzee: redrawing the lines that separate us from them.
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əˈbaʊt prɛs haɪ kickstarter*, wi ər ˈgræspɪŋ hænd, ə kəˈlɛktɪv əv jəŋ dɪˈzaɪnərz, ənd ðɪs ɪz. ɪz ə keɪs fər ðə ˈræzˌbɛri paɪ ənˈlaɪk ˈɛni ˈəðər ənd wi nid jʊr səˈpɔrt ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ meɪk ən ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃən moʊld ənd lɔnʧ ɪts mæs pərˈdəkʃən. bət first…*… ðə ˈræzˌbɛri paɪ ɪz ə kəmˈpjutər ðət pləgz ˈɪntu jʊr skrin ər ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ənd ə ˈkiˌbɔrd. ɪt wɑz dɪˈvɛləpt ɪn ðə uk*, baɪ ðə ˈræzˌbɛri paɪ faʊnˈdeɪʃən, wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən əv ˈstɪmjəˌleɪtɪŋ ðə ˈtiʧɪŋ əv ˈbeɪsɪk kəmˈpjutər saɪəns ɪn skulz. ɪt rənz ˈlɪnəks ənd sun ˈænˌdrɔɪd. ɪt kɔsts ˈoʊnli 25 paʊnz ənd ɪz ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈprɑdəkt ənd ə juʤ səkˈsɛs. ɪt həz ən ˈvɪdioʊ ˈaʊtˌpʊt, ˈiθərˌnɛt, rca*, 2 pɔrts, ə saʊnd kɑrd, ənd ən kɑrd slɑt tɪ rən ðə ˈsɪstəm. ju kən juz ɪt fər ˈmɛni əv ðə θɪŋz ðət jʊr ˈdɛskˌtɑp ˈpiˈsi dɪz səʧ ɛz ˈsərfɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt, pleɪɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ ənd geɪmz, ənd ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ. ˈmeɪbi ju hæv wən ɔˈrɛdi ər ˌɪnˈtɛnd tɪ gɪt wən sun. ˈiðər weɪ, ðɛr ɪz ə lɔt əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ɪt ɔn ðə wɛb. ˈræzˌbɛri paɪ ɪz greɪt, bət ɪt nidz ə gʊd keɪs tɪ kəmˈplit ɪt, ðət ɪz waɪ wi hæv dɪˈzaɪnd ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt wən:. wət ɪz ðə? wi hæd ðə aɪˈdiə əv ə keɪs fər ðə ˈræzˌbɛri paɪ ðət wʊd bi laɪk ə skɪn, ˈræpɪŋ ðə kəmˈpoʊnənts. wi ˈwɔntɪd ɪt tɪ bi ˈizi tɪ græb ənd tɪ ˈhændəl, ˈsəmθɪŋ mɔr ðən ə ˈbəlki bɑks, ə smɔl ənd ˈɛləgənt ˈɑbʤɛkt. wi səbˈmɪtəd ɪt tɪ ɔl sɔrts əv tɛsts tɪ meɪk ɪt rɪˈzɪstənt tɪ ðə ˈfɔrsɪz əv ˈneɪʧər. wi ʧoʊz ə ˈstərdi, trænsˈlusənt ˌpɑˌliˈæˌmaɪd məˈtɪriəl tɪ ˈproʊdus ðɪs ““frozen”*” ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə kəmˈpoʊnənts ənd gɪv ɪt ə sɔft ˈtɛksʧər. ɪts ˈkloʊzɪŋ ɪz ˈsɪmpəl, ˈsɑləd ənd ˌɪnˈtuətɪv, tu ˈpisɪz ˈklɪpɪŋ təˈgɛðər ˈpərfəktli ɪn wən ˈizi muv. wi hæv kriˈeɪtɪd ə dɪˈvaɪs ðət lʊks laɪk noʊ ˈəðər, ɪts ˈdɪfərənt ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈstrəkʧərəl strɛŋθ tɪ ðə keɪs ənd sˈlaɪtli rɪˈvilɪŋ ɪts ˈkɑntɛnts. ðə ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ɪmˈbreɪs ðə ˈræzˌbɛri paɪ ˈrəðər ðən tɪ haɪd ɪt. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, wi ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd θri ˈkɑpər ðət ju kən ˈizəli maʊnt ɔn jʊr, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kip ðə ˈræzˌbɛri ʧɪld ənd ɪkˈstɛnd ɪts ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm. ʧuz wɪθ ər wɪˈθaʊt ˈækˌsɛs frəm naʊ wən, ɔl kən bi wɪθ ər wɪˈθaʊt ˈækˌsɛs jʊr ˈkɑmɛnts aɪˈdiəz ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ˈjuˈɛs ə lɔt ənd hir ɪz ðə səˈluʃən wi bɪˈliv ɪz ðə moʊst ˈpræktɪkəl ənd ˈflɛksəbəl fər ðə. ðə aɪˈdiə ɪz tɪ meɪk ə smɔl rɛkˈtæŋgjələr ˈrəbər pis wɪθ 2 slɪts, ðət kʊd bi θˈrɛdɪd ɔn ðə pɪn ənd ˈteɪkən ɔf kˈwɪkli wɪˈθaʊt ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə keɪs wɪn ju nid ˈditeɪl əv ˈækˌsɛs wi hæd tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈlætərəl saɪd tu, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈlaʊ 26 pɪn kəˈnɛktərz tɪ bi pləgd. ˈəðərˌwaɪz ɪt wʊd hæv mɛnt tɪ ɪkˈspænd ðə ˈvɑljum əv ðə keɪs, wɪʧ wɑz nɑt ɪn ɑr əˈpɪnjən ə gʊd ˈɔpʃən speɪs 100 paʊnz ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪˈdɪʃən ˈæstrəˌnɑt ˈɔrɪnʤ hir ər səm ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ðə əˈmeɪzɪŋ ənd ˌflʊˈrɛsənt speɪs ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪp ðə ˈkələr ɪz ˈlɪtərəli ðə speɪs əraʊnd ɪt (noʊ ˈfoʊˌtoʊˌʃɑp) wi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ rɪˈdus ðə praɪs əv ðɪs rɪˈwɔrd frəm 150 paʊnz tɪ 100 paʊnz ʃeɪdz 30 paʊnz ɪˈdɪʃən voʊt fər jʊr ˈkələr bɪtˈwin 99 ʃeɪdz əv greɪ waɪ du wi nid jʊr səˈpɔrt? wi hæv bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt sɪns læst spərɪŋ, wɪn ðə ˈræzˌbɛri paɪ wɑz fərst riˈlist. wi hæv dɪˈzaɪnd ˈɛvəri kərv, ˈæŋgəl, slɑt əv ðə keɪs ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ faɪnd ðə ˈɑptɪməl ʃeɪp. wi hæv meɪd ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪps tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd əˈpɑn ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt fɔrm, məˈtɪriəl, ˈkələr ənd oʊˈpæsəti. wi hæv spɛnt ə trɪˈmɛndəs əˈmaʊnt əv taɪm əˈʤəstɪŋ ˈɛvəri ˈæˌspɛkt əv ðə, ˈɛvəri ˈditeɪl. wi hæv ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃən ˈmoʊldɪŋ tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ pərˈsid ənd priˈpɛrd ə dɪˈteɪld ˈbɪznɪs plæn ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ kɔsts əv ˈmoʊldɪŋ (sweetbox*, ˈpənʧɪŋ stæmp fər), məˈtɪriəl (ˌpɑˌliˈæˌmaɪd, ˈkɑpər pleɪts wɪθ ˈθərməl peɪst), ˈʃɪpɪŋ (uk*, ˈjʊrəp, ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ, rɛst əv ðə wərld), ˈtæksɪz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. naʊ wi ər ˈrɛdi tɪ lɔnʧ ðə. wi ər ˈreɪzɪŋ fəndz soʊ ɛz tɪ meɪk ən ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃən moʊld ənd goʊ frəm ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪpɪŋ tɪ mæs pərˈdəkʃən. wɪˈθaʊt ju, ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt rɪˈmeɪnz ən aɪˈdiə soʊ wi ər ˈæskɪŋ fər jʊr səˈpɔrt ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ meɪk ɪt flɛʃ ənd boʊn. θæŋk ju, ˈgræspɪŋ hænd
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about
press
hi kickstarter, we are grasping hand, a collective of young designers, and this is sweetbox.
sweetbox is a case for the raspberry pi unlike any other and we need your support in order to make an injection mold and launch its mass production. but first…
the raspberry pi is a credit-card-sized single-board computer that plugs into your screen or tv and a keyboard. it was developed in the uk, by the raspberry pi foundation, with the intention of stimulating the teaching of basic computer science in schools. it runs linux and soon android. it costs only 25 pounds and is a revolutionary product and a huge success. it has an hdmi video output, ethernet, rca, 2 usb ports, a sound card, and an sd card slot to run the system. you can use it for many of the things that your desktop pc does such as surfing on the internet, playing hd video and 3d games, word-processing and programming. maybe you have one already or intend to get one soon. either way, there is a lot of information about it on the web.
raspberry pi is great, but it needs a good case to complete it, that is why we have designed the perfect one: sweetbox.
what is the sweetbox?
we had the idea of a case for the raspberry pi that would be like a skin, wrapping the components.
we wanted it to be easy to grab and to handle, something more than a bulky box, a small and elegant object.
we submitted it to all sorts of tests to make it resistant to the forces of nature.
we chose a sturdy, translucent polyamide material to produce this “frozen” effect on the components and give it a soft texture.
its closing is simple, solid and intuitive, two pieces clipping together perfectly in one easy move.
we have created a device that looks like no other, its different thicknesses giving structural strength to the case and slightly revealing its contents.
the sweetbox is designed to embrace the raspberry pi rather than to hide it.
furthermore, we integrated three tailor-made copper heatsinks that you can easily mount on your sweetbox, in order to keep the raspberry chilled and extend its lifetime.
choose with or without gpio access
/ from now one, all sweetboxes can be with or without gpio access !
your comments ideas inspired us a lot and here is the solution we believe is the most practical and flexible for the sweetbox. the idea is to make a small rectangular rubber piece with 2 slits, that could be threaded on the pin and taken off quickly without opening the case when you need
detail of gpio access
we had to extend the opening to the lateral side too, in order to allow 26 pin connectors to be plugged. otherwise it would have meant to expand the volume of the case, which was not in our opinion a good option
space / 100 pounds limited edition
astronaut orange
here are some photos of the amazing and fluorescent space sweetbox prototype
the color is literally irradiating the space around it ! (no photoshop)
we decided to reduce the price of this reward from 150 pounds to 100 pounds
shades / 30 pounds edition
vote for your sweetbox color between 99 shades of grey
why do we need your support?
we have been working on this project since last spring, when the raspberry pi was first released.
we have designed every curve, angle, slot of the case over and over in order to find the optimal shape.
we have made a series of prototypes to decide upon the perfect form, material, color and opacity.
we have spent a tremendous amount of time adjusting every aspect of the sweetbox, fine-tuning every detail.
we have contacted a variety of companies working on injection molding to figure out the best way to proceed and prepared a detailed business plan including costs of molding (sweetbox, punching stamp for heatsinks), material (polyamide, copper plates with thermal paste), shipping (uk, europe, usa, rest of the world), taxes, etc.
now we are ready to launch the sweetbox. we are raising funds so as to make an injection mould and go from prototyping to mass production.
without you, this project remains an idea so we are asking for your support in order to make it flesh and bone.
thank you,
grasping hand
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ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd æt p.m*. ɛt ˈrəʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt vˈlædəmɪr ˈputɪn sɪz ˈrəʃə woʊnt bi ɪkˈspɛlɪŋ juz. ˈdɪpləˌmæts ɪn ə ˈtɪtˌfɔrˈtæt rɪˈspɑns tɪ juz. ˈsæŋkʃənz, ɛz hɪz ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər hæd səˈʤɛstɪd ˈərliər ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ˌɪnˈstɛd, hi sɪz hi wɪl ˌdɪˈsaɪd haʊ tɪ muv ˈfɔrwərd dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈækʃənz əv ˈdɑnəld trəmps ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. trəmp tʊk tɪ tˈwɪtər ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun tɪ preɪz dɪˈsɪʒən, ˈkɔlɪŋ ɪt ə "greɪt muv." ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ðə waɪt haʊs əˈnaʊnst ˈsæŋkʃənz əˈgɛnst ˈrəʃə ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ wət ɪt kɔld "ə kæmˈpeɪn əv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz" əˈgɛnst ðə juz. ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈækʃənz mɛnt tɪ ˌɪnərˈfɪr wɪθ ðə juz. ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən. ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈrəʃən ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər ˈsɛrʤi wɛnt ɔn steɪt ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ənd kɔld ðə ˈsæŋkʃənz "ˈæntɪks" ðət ˈrəʃə kænt liv ˌəˈnænsərd. hi sɛd ðə juz. prəˈvaɪdɪd noʊ ˈɛvədəns fər ɪts kleɪmz əv ˈrəʃən ˈsaɪbər ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ˈɛnˈpiˈɑrz ˈluʃən kɪm rɪˈpɔrts. "ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn həz kənˈsɪstəntli dɪˈnaɪd ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz ðət ɪts ˈhækərz hæd ˈbroʊkən ˈɪntu ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈnæʃənəl kəˈmɪti ər traɪd tɪ sweɪ ðə juz. ɪˈlɛkʃən," ˈluʃən noʊts. ənd hi prəˈpoʊzd spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈrəʃə kʊd teɪk. ɛz wi ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑməz ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər kɔlz fər 35 ˈrəʃən ˈdɪpləˌmæts dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ ðə waɪt haʊs ɛz "ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈɑpərətɪvz" tɪ bi ɪkˈspɛld frəm ðə juz. ənd fər tu ˈrəʃən fəˈsɪlɪtiz ɪn ðə juz. tɪ bi kloʊzd. ˈsæŋkʃənz wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ɔn ˈsɛvərəl ˈrəʃən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ənd ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz, ənd ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈsteɪtmənt sɪz mɔr ˈækʃənz wɪl bi ˈteɪkən, "səm əv wɪʧ wɪl nɑt bi ˈpəblɪˌsaɪzd." əˈnaʊnst plænz fər ˈrəʃə tɪ rɪˈspɑnd ɪn kaɪnd, ɛz ˈluʃən ˌriˈpɔrtəd frəm ˈmɔˌskaʊ. plæn, wɪʧ ˈnidɪd əˈpruvəl, kɔld fər 35 əˈmɛrɪkən ˈdɪpləˌmæts tɪ bi ɪkˈspɛld ənd fər juz. ˈdɪpləˌmæts tɪ "luz ˈækˌsɛs tɪ tu ˈbɪldɪŋz, ʤɪst ɛz ˈrəʃən ˈdɪpləˌmæts wɪl noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ juz tu riˈtrits ɪn ˈmɛrələnd ənd nu jɔrk," ˈluʃən rɪˈpɔrts. bət ʤɪst tu aʊərz ˈæftər ˈkɑmɛnts, ˈputɪn əˈnaʊnst ðət ˈnəθɪŋ əv ðə sɔrt wɑz ˈhæpənɪŋ. ˈputɪn kɔld ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃənz ˈækʃənz proʊˈvɑkətɪv ənd sɛd ˈrəʃə hæd graʊnz fər ə rɪˈspɑns. hi sɛd ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn wʊd rɪˈzərv ðə raɪt tɪ ə ˈkaʊntərˌmɛʒər bət ðət ɪt wʊd nɑt "stup tɪ ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˌɪrəˈspɑnsəbəl dɪˈploʊməsi," ɛz ˈluʃən trænzˈleɪtəd ɪt. æt list fər naʊ, noʊ ˈdɪpləˌmæts wɪl bi ɪkˈspɛld ər bɑrd frəm ˈjuzɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪtiz ɪn ˈmɔˌskaʊ, hi sɛd. ˈɛni ˈækʃənz wɪl weɪt ənˈtɪl trəmp teɪks ˈɔfəs. "ɪt ɪz rɪˈgrɛtəbəl ðət ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz ˈɛndɪŋ ɪts tərm ɪn ðɪs ˈmænər," ˈputɪn sɛd. "ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, aɪ ˈɔfər maɪ nu jɪr ˈgritɪŋz tɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd hɪz ˈfæməli. "maɪ ˈsizənz ˈgritɪŋz ˈɔlsoʊ tɪ ˈdɑnəld trəmp ənd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl. aɪ wɪʃ ɔl əv ju ˈhæpinəs ənd prɑˈspɛrəti."
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updated at 2:50 p.m. et
russian president vladimir putin says russia won't be expelling u.s. diplomats in a tit-for-tat response to u.s. sanctions, as his foreign minister had suggested earlier friday.
instead, he says he will decide how to move forward depending on the actions of president-elect donald trump's administration.
trump took to twitter on friday afternoon to praise putin's decision, calling it a "great move."
on thursday, the white house announced sanctions against russia in response to what it called "a decade-long campaign of cyber-enabled operations" against the u.s. including actions meant to interfere with the u.s. presidential election.
on friday, russian foreign minister sergey lavrov went on state tv and called the sanctions "antics" that russia can't leave unanswered.
he said the u.s. provided no evidence for its claims of russian cyber operations, npr's lucian kim reports.
"the kremlin has consistently denied accusations that its hackers had broken into the democratic national committee or tried to sway the u.s. election," lucian notes.
and he proposed specific counteractions russia could take.
as we reported thursday, president obama's executive order calls for 35 russian diplomats described by the white house as "intelligence operatives" to be expelled from the u.s. and for two russian facilities in the u.s. to be closed. sanctions will also be imposed on several russian individuals and organizations, and obama's statement says more actions will be taken, "some of which will not be publicized."
lavrov announced plans for russia to respond in kind, as lucian reported from moscow. lavrov's plan, which needed putin's approval, called for 35 american diplomats to be expelled and for u.s. diplomats to "lose access to two buildings, just as russian diplomats will no longer be able to use two retreats in maryland and new york," lucian reports.
but just two hours after lavrov's comments, putin announced that nothing of the sort was happening.
putin called the obama administration's actions provocative and said russia had grounds for a response. he said the kremlin would reserve the right to a countermeasure but that it would not "stoop to the level of irresponsible diplomacy," as lucian translated it.
at least for now, no diplomats will be expelled or barred from using facilities in moscow, he said. any actions will wait until trump takes office.
"it is regrettable that the obama administration is ending its term in this manner," putin said. "nevertheless, i offer my new year greetings to president obama and his family.
"my season's greetings also to president-elect donald trump and the american people. i wish all of you happiness and prosperity."
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klɪk tɪ ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈviə kət ðə keɪk ˈbeɪkəri ə ˈsæmpəl əv ə keɪk frəm kət ðə keɪk ˈbeɪkəri ɪn ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ ə ˈbeɪkəri dɪd nɑt dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪt əˈgɛnst ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈkəstəmər wɪn ðə ˈoʊnərz rɪfˈjuzd tɪ meɪk ə keɪk wɪθ ən sˈloʊgən, ən ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv lɔ ʤəʤ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðɪs lɔ ʤəʤ ʤeɪ. brus ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ˈɔrdər ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv kət ðə keɪk kəmz ˈnɪrli tu jɪrz ˈæftər ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈflɔrɪdə ˈbeɪkəri wɑz ˈtɑrgətɪd baɪ ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ɪˈvænʤəlɪst ˈʤɑˌʃuə fˈjuərˌstin fər rɪfˈjuzɪŋ tɪ meɪk ə keɪk wɪθ ən ˈmɛrɪʤ ðə ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˈʧælənʤ, pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈkəstəmər ˈrɑbərt ˈmænərinoʊ əˈkjuzd kət ðə keɪk baɪ ˈʃɛrən ˈhɔlər ənd hər ˈdɔtər, nær əv rɪˈlɪʤəs dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən wɪn ðə ˈwɪmən rɪfˈjuzd tɪ meɪk ə keɪk wɪθ ðə wərdz "ˌhoʊmoʊˌsɛkʃuˈæləˌti ɪz ən əˌbɑməˈneɪʃən ˈəntu ðə tərnd tɪ ðə ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv kɔrt ˈæftər ðə ˈflɔrɪdə kəˈmɪʃən ɔn ˈjumən riˈleɪʃənz læst ˈsəmər toʊld ðə pɪˈnɛləs pɑrk ˈrɛzɪdənt ðə kəˈmɪʃən dɪd nɑt hæv ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən tɪ kənˈsɪdər hɪz kəmˈpleɪnt bɪˈkəz ðə ˈlɔŋˌwʊd ˈbeɪkəri wɪʧ həz sɪns muvd tɪ ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ wɑz nɑt ə pleɪs əv "ˈpəblɪk əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən," wɪʧ minz ˈpɑləsiz wʊd nɑt toʊld ðə ʤəʤ ðət hər ˈdɔtər bɪˈlivd wɑz əˈməŋ ðə ˈθaʊzənz əv "hərˈæsɪŋ, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz θˈrɛtənɪŋ" kɔlz ðeɪ rɪˈsivd ɪn 2015 ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər fˈjuərˌstin ˈpoʊstɪd ə ˈvɪdioʊ əv hɪz ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɪθ hər ɔn ˈjuˌtub ənd ərʤd ˈəðərz tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ðə rɪkˈwɛst fər ə keɪk tɪ bi ə præŋk, nær sɑrˈkæstɪkli kˈwoʊtɪd ə praɪs əv 150 pər ˈlɛtər, ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ðə kɔst əv ðə kənˈfɛkʃən tɪ ˈnɪrli ʃi həŋ əp wɪn ˈmænərinoʊ toʊld hər hi wɑz rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ðə ðə ˈhirɪŋ, ˈmænərinoʊ meɪnˈteɪnd ðət hi wɑz ə dɪˈvaʊt ˈkrɪsʧɪn ənd "ridz ðə ˈbaɪbəl ˈɔfən," əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈrulɪŋ ˈɪʃud ˈθərzˌdeɪ. bət, ðə ʤəʤ ˈnoʊtɪd, ˈmænərinoʊ wɑz "əˈneɪbəl tɪ prəˈvaɪd əˈnəðər ˈbɪblɪkəl vərs frəm ˈmɛməri" wɪn prɛst æt ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈhirɪŋ ɪn ˈbeɪkəri ˈoʊnərz ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd ðət ðeɪ ər ˈkrɪsʧɪnz ənd ˈfrikwɛntli meɪk keɪks wɪθ rɪˈlɪʤəs θimz ənd ˈbɪblɪkəl ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃənz bət ðeɪ ˌɪgˈnɔrd rɪkˈwɛst bɪˈkəz əv ðə "min" ənd "ˈəgli" ˈmɛsɪʤ hi ˈwɔntɪd ɔn ðə ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv lɔ ʤəʤ əˈgrid wɪθ ðə kəˈmɪʃən ðət ðə ˈbeɪkəri ɪz nɑt ə pleɪs əv "ˈpəblɪk əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən" bɪˈkəz, ənˈlaɪk ˈrɛˌstrɑnts ər ˌkæfəˈtɪriəz, kət ðə keɪk ɪz nɑt ə fəˈsɪlɪti ˈprɪnsɪpli ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈsɛlɪŋ fud fər kənˈsəmʃən ˈkəlpɪpər wɛnt məʧ ˈfərðər ɪn hɪz ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ˈɔrdər, rɪˈʤɛktɪŋ ˌæləˈgeɪʃən ðət ðə ˈbeɪkəri ˈoʊnərz hæd dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪtɪd əˈgɛnst "pərˈzɛnəd noʊ dɪˈrɛkt ər stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˈɛvədəns əv rɪˈlɪʤəs dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən," ˈkəlpɪpər dɪd nɑt ˈɔfər ˈɛvədəns ər ɪˈlɪsɪt ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni ðət kət ðə keɪk rɪfˈjuzd tɪ prəˈvaɪd ɪm ə beɪkt gʊd spəˈsɪfɪkli bɪˈkəz hi wɑz ə ˈkrɪsʧɪn. (ɪn fækt, ɔl kət ðə keɪk dɪd wɑz kwoʊt ə praɪs fər ðə keɪk, ðɛn hæŋ əp ðə foʊn wɪˈθaʊt kəmˈplitɪŋ hɪz ˈɔrdər)," hi ˈnoʊtɪd ðət kleɪm ðət hi ɪz ə ˈkrɪsʧɪn "həz ˈsɛvərəl ˈwiknəsɪz" bɪˈkəz hi dɪz nɑt ˈrɛgjələrli əˈtɛnd ʧərʧ ər bɪˈlɔŋ tɪ ə spɪˈsɪfɪk dɪˌnɔməˈneɪʃən. ənd ˈmænərinoʊ "dɪˈspleɪd kˈwɛsʧənəbəl ˈnɑlɪʤ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈbaɪbəl," ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə kwoʊt æt ðə hɑrt əv ðə dɪˈspjut, ðə ʤəʤ "ɛmˈfætɪkəli dɪˈklɛrd" ðət ðə kwoʊt wɑz "ə dɪˈrɛkt kwoʊt" frəm ðə ˈbaɪbəl, "ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə faɪndz ðət ɪt ɪz nɑt," ˈkəlpɪpər ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ˈɔrdər ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈsɛvərəl ˈfʊtˌnoʊts æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə ˈtiʧɪŋz əv ˈʤizəs ənd ðə ˈbaɪbəl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ʃɔrt ˌɪnvənˈtɔri əv ˈvərsɪz ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ðət ðə kəˈmɪʃən ɔn ˈjumən riˈleɪʃənz ˈɪʃu ə ˈfaɪnəl ˈɔrdər ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðət kət ðə keɪk ɪz nɑt ə pleɪs əv "ˈpəblɪk əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən," ər, ɔlˈtərnətɪvli, faɪnd ðət ðə ˈbeɪkəri dɪd nɑt dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪt əˈgɛnst ə ˈtɛləˌfoʊn ˈɪntərvˌju ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, nær toʊld ðə nuz ˈsərvɪs əv ˈflɔrɪdə ɪt wɑz "rɪˈdɪkjələs ðət wi gɑt ˈsɪŋgəld aʊt ənd ɔl ðət ˈhæpənd ˈoʊvər ˈsəmθɪŋ wi θɔt ˈwəzənt ˈivɪn ə ril foʊn kɔl," rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ðə kɔl baɪ ʤɪst ˈrɛdi fər ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ tɪ bi ˈoʊvər wɪθ, ˈɑnəstli," ʃi sɛd. "wi ʤɪst wɔnt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ tɪ goʊ bæk tɪ sɛd ðə əˈtɛnʃən həz hæd ə ˈnɛgətɪv ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn hər ˈbɪznɪs, wɪʧ reɪzd əraʊnd ɔn ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə saɪt ˈæftər biɪŋ ˈtɑrgətɪd baɪ ðə ˈeɪprəl 2015 ˈtɛləˌfoʊn kɔl, fˈjuərˌstin toʊld ðə ˈbeɪkəri hi ˈnidɪd ə keɪk "ənd aɪ nid ɪt tɪ seɪ 'wi du nɑt səˈpɔrt geɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ.' ˈhɔlər fərst æst fˈjuərˌstin ɪf ɪt wɑz ə præŋk, ðɛn sɛd ðət wɑz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðə ˈbeɪkəri ˈwʊdənt hu ˈleɪtər ðət jɪr kriˈeɪtɪd ə fˈjʊrɔr ˈoʊvər ðə pleɪn rɛd kəps juzd baɪ ˈstɑrˌbəks ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈsizən ðɛn ˈpoʊstɪd ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ɔn hɪz ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ, ˈæskɪŋ səˈpɔrtərz tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ðə kɔlz wər soʊ ˈvɛnəməs ðət ˈhɔlər ənd nær fɪrd ðɛr lɪvz wər ɪn hərt ɑr ˈbɪznɪs nɑt ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəz əv wət ðeɪv dən bət bɪˈkəz əv ˈpipəl ˈraɪtɪŋ fɔls rəvˈjuz ɔn ˈgugəl ənd jɛlp," nær ˈbeɪkəri ˈoʊnərz' əˈbʤɛkʃənz tɪ freɪz hæd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤ, nær wʊd ˈpipəl wɔnt ˈsəmθɪŋ soʊ ˈheɪtfəl ɔn ə keɪk ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs? ɪf ˈsəmˌwən æst ˈjuˈɛs tɪ raɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls ðət wɑz ˈheɪtfəl ɔn ə keɪk, wi ˈwʊdənt," ʃi sɛd.
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click to enlarge photo via cut the cake bakery
a sample of a cake from cut the cake bakery in orlando
a mother-and-daughter bakery did not discriminate against a potential customer when the owners refused to make a cake with an anti-gay slogan, an administrative law judge decided this week.administrative law judge j. bruce culpepper's recommended order in favor of cut the cake comes nearly two years after the central florida bakery was targeted by arizona evangelist joshua feuerstein for refusing to make a cake with an anti-gay marriage message.in the administrative challenge, potential customer robert mannarino accused cut the cake- co-owned by sharon haller and her daughter, cyndol knarr- of religious discrimination when the women refused to make a cake with the words "homosexuality is an abomination unto the lord."mannarino turned to the administrative court after the florida commission on human relations last summer told the pinellas park resident the commission did not have jurisdiction to consider his complaint because the longwood bakery- which has since moved to orlando- was not a place of "public accommodation," which means anti-discrimination policies would not apply.haller told the judge that her daughter believed mannarino's was among the thousands of "harassing, sometimes threatening" calls they received in 2015 shortly after feuerstein posted a video of his conversation with her on youtube and urged others to contact the bakery.believing mannarino's request for a cake to be a prank, knarr sarcastically quoted a price of $150 per letter, bringing the cost of the confection to nearly $6,000. she hung up when mannarino told her he was recording the call.during the hearing, mannarino maintained that he was a devout christian and "reads the bible often," according to the ruling issued thursday. but, the judge noted, mannarino was "unable to provide another biblical verse from memory" when pressed at the final hearing in october.the bakery owners testified that they are christians and frequently make cakes with religious themes and biblical inscriptions but they ignored mannarino's request because of the "mean" and "ugly" message he wanted on the cake.the administrative law judge agreed with the commission that the bakery is not a place of "public accommodation" because, unlike restaurants or cafeterias, cut the cake is not a facility principally engaged in selling food for consumption onsite.but culpepper went much further in his 28-page recommended order, rejecting mannarino's allegation that the bakery owners had discriminated against him.mannarino "presented no direct or statistical evidence of religious discrimination," culpepper wrote."petitioner did not offer evidence or elicit testimony that cut the cake refused to provide him a baked good specifically because he was a christian. (in fact, all cut the cake did was quote a price for the cake, then hang up the phone without completing his order)," he wrote.culpepper noted that mannarino's claim that he is a christian "has several weaknesses" because he does not regularly attend church or belong to a specific denomination. and mannarino "displayed questionable knowledge about the bible," including the quote at the heart of the dispute, the judge found.mannarino "emphatically declared" that the quote was "a direct quote" from the bible, "however, the undersigned finds that it is not," culpepper wrote.culpepper's recommended order included several footnotes addressing the teachings of jesus and the bible, including a short inventory of verses dealing with homosexuality.culpepper recommended that the commission on human relations issue a final order finding that cut the cake is not a place of "public accommodation," or, alternatively, find that the bakery did not discriminate against mannarino.in a telephone interview friday, knarr told the news service of florida it was "ridiculous that we got singled out and all that happened over something we thought wasn't even a real phone call," referring to the call by feuerstein."i'm just ready for everything to be over with, honestly," she said. "we just want everything to go back to normal."she said the attention has had a negative impact on her business, which raised around $14,000 on the gofundme.com social media site after being targeted by feuerstein.in the april 2015 telephone call, feuerstein told the bakery he needed a cake "and i need it to say 'we do not support gay marriage.' " haller first asked feuerstein if it was a prank, then said that was something the bakery wouldn't do.feuerstein- who later that year created a furor over the plain red cups used by starbucks during the holiday season- then posted the video on his facebook page, asking supporters to contact the bakery.the calls were so venomous that haller and knarr feared their lives were in danger."it's hurt our business not only because of what they've done but because of people writing false reviews on google and yelp," knarr said.the bakery owners' objections to mannarino's phrase had nothing to do with same-sex marriage, knarr said."why would people want something so hateful on a cake in the first place? if someone asked us to write something else that was hateful on a cake, we wouldn't," she said.
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(rns*) ˈmeɪbi ˈeɪθiəsts ʃʊd ʤɪst ɪmˈbreɪs ɪt ɛz ə sˈloʊgən: ““atheists*: ðə grup əˈmɛrɪkənz ləv tɪ hate.”*.” əˈbaʊt 40 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz seɪ ˈeɪθiəsts nɑt æt ɔl agree”*” wɪθ ðɛr ˈvɪʒən əv əˈmɛrɪkə, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə nu ˈstədi frəm ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪsts æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə hu kəmˈpɛrd americans’*’ pərˈsɛpʃənz əv məˈnɔrəti feɪθ ənd ˈreɪʃəl grups. bət ðə ˈstədi mɑrks ə ˈgrɪmər ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn americans’*’ dɪsəˈpruvəl əv ˈməzlɪmz həz ʤəmpt tɪ pərˈsɛnt frəm ʤɪst ˈoʊvər 26 pərˈsɛnt 10 jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ðə læst taɪm ðə kˈwɛʃən wɑz æst. ənd ““nones”*” ðoʊz hu seɪ ðeɪ hæv noʊ rɪˈlɪʤəs əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən, bət meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ər rɪˈlɪʤəs bɪˈlifs ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˌənˈpɑpjələr. ðɪs ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt bɪˈkəz naʊ meɪk əp ˌwənˈθərd əv ðə juz. ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ðə ˈstədi faʊnd: ˈɔlˌmoʊst hæf əv ðoʊz ˈsərˌveɪd pərˈsɛnt sɛd ðeɪ wʊd ˌdɪsəˈpruv əv ðɛr ʧaɪld ˈmɛriɪŋ ə ˈməzlɪm, əp frəm pərˈsɛnt ɪn 2006 ðə ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl bət nɑt rɪˈlɪʤəs ər mɪˈstrəstɪd baɪ 12 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz, waɪl ˈɔlˌmoʊst 40 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz seɪ ðə raɪz əv ðə ““nones”*” ɪz ə gʊd thing.”*.” dɪsəˈpruvəl reɪts fər ˈsɛvərəl məˈnɔrəti grups hæv groʊn ʤuz, lɑˈtinoʊs ənd ɪkˈspɪriənst ʤəmps ɪn dɪsəˈpruvəl, waɪl ˈrisənt ˈɪməgrənts, kənˈsərvətɪv ˈkrɪsʧɪnz ənd ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkənz gru əˈbaʊt 13 pərˈsɛnt iʧ. ðə nu ˈstədi ˈɔlsoʊ əˈtɛmpts tɪ faɪnd aʊt waɪ ˈeɪθiəsts ər soʊ riˈvaɪld baɪ wət ɪts ˈɔθərz kɔl grup members”*” ˈɑkə rɪˈlɪʤəs əˈmɛrɪkənz. ðə ˈfaɪndɪŋz ˈpɪnˌpɔɪnt θri θɪŋz: rɪˈlɪʤəs əˈmɛrɪkənz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt ˈeɪθiəsts wɪθ ““criminality,”*,” məˈtɪriəˌlɪzəm ənd læk əv accountability.”*.” ðə ˈɔθərz ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪsts ˈpɛni ˈɛʤəl, ˈdəgləs ˈhɑrtmən, ˈɛvən stuərt ənd ˈʤoʊzəf dɪˈskraɪb ðə ʤəmp ɪn dɪsəˈpruvəl əv ˈməzlɪmz ɛz ə ˈmeɪʤər ʧeɪnʤ ənd ər ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ naʊ ɔn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈrizənz fər ɪt. bɪˈkəmz ə ˈsɪgnəl ənd ə ˈmɑrkər, ən ˈizi ˈʃɔrˌthænd fər americans’*’ ˈmɔrəl judgment,”*,” ˈhɑrtmən sɛd. ðət ɪz nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ goʊɪŋ ɔn wɪθ ˈməzlɪmz. mɔr complicated.”*.” bət huˈseɪn rəˈʃid, ən ˈæˌʤəŋkt prəˈfɛsər æt ˈbɑrnɑrd ˈkɑlɪʤ hu ˈfrikwɛntli raɪts ənd kənˈsəlts əˈbaʊt ˌɪsˈlɑm ɪn ðə juz., sɛd ðə ʤəmp ɪn ˈsɛnəmənt ðə ˈstədi ˈpɪnˌpɔɪnts ɪz rɪˈflɛktɪd ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈrɛtərɪk. ˈdætə frəm ðɪs ˈsərˌveɪ ʃoʊz ðət ðɛr ɪz ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ pʊl əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈprɑməs əv america,”*,” hi sɛd ɪn ən iˈmeɪl. 10 jɪrz, ˈpipəl hæv ə mɔr ˈnɛgətɪv pərˈsɛpʃən əv ˈməzlɪmz, ʤuz, geɪz, lɑˈtinoʊs, ənd blæks. ɛz ə nu əˈmɛrɪkə ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ ʃeɪp, wɪθ ɔl ɪts dɪˈvərsɪti, ðɛr ɪz ə riˈækʃəˌnɛri rɪˈspɑns ðət wɔnts ə ˈmɪθɪk əˈmɛrɪkə əv ˈɛvriˌwən biɪŋ ɪgˈzæktli ðə same.”*.” ðə ˈstədi həz mɔr bæd nuz fər ˈeɪθiəsts dɪˈspaɪt ə ˈdɛkeɪd əv ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˈɛfərt frəm grups səʧ ɛz əˈmɛrɪkən ˈeɪθiəsts, ðə ˈsɛkjələr ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən fər əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ˈoʊpənli ˈsɛkjələr tɪ ˈnɔrməˌlaɪz nonbelief*, əˈmɛrɪkənz ər nɑt baɪɪŋ ɪt rɪˈlɪʤəs bɪˈlif rɪˈmeɪnz ə ˈmɛʒər əv ˈtrəstˌwərðinəs ənd bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ, ðə ˈstədi faʊnd. ““overall*, wi faɪnd noʊ səˈpɔrt fər ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti əv ˌnɑnrɪˈlɪʤəs ˈpərsənz, grups, ənd ˈmuvmənts ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən laɪf həz rɪˈdust ˈsɛnəmənt ɪn ˈɛni sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt way,”*,” ðə ˈɔθərz raɪt. ə smɔl bɪt əv gʊd nuz fər ˌnɑnbɪˈlivərz: ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpipəl hu seɪ ðeɪ wʊd ˌdɪsəˈpruv əv ðɛr ʧaɪld ˈmɛriɪŋ ən ˈeɪθiəst həz drɑpt sˈlaɪtli, tɪ 44 pərˈsɛnt, daʊn frəm 48 pərˈsɛnt ɪn 2006 ðə ˈstədi wɑz ˈrɪtən frəm ˈdætə kəˈlɛktəd ɪn 2014 frəm pɑrˈtɪsəpənts. ɪt wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈɪʃu əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈfɔrsɪz ˈʤərnəl. ðə ˈpriviəs ˈstədi wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 2006 baɪ θri əv ðə seɪm ˈɔθərz.
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(rns) maybe atheists should just embrace it as a slogan: “atheists: the group americans love to hate.”
about 40 percent of americans say atheists “do not at all agree” with their vision of america, according to a new study from sociologists at the university of minnesota who compared americans’ perceptions of minority faith and racial groups.
but the study marks a grimmer milestone — americans’ disapproval of muslims has jumped to 45.5 percent from just over 26 percent 10 years ago, the last time the question was asked.
and “nones” — those who say they have no religious affiliation, but may also have spiritual or religious beliefs — are also unpopular. this is significant because nones now make up one-third of the u.s. population.
the study found:
almost half of those surveyed — 48.9 percent — said they would disapprove of their child marrying a muslim, up from 33.5 percent in 2006.
the spiritual but not religious are mistrusted by 12 percent of americans, while almost 40 percent of americans say the rise of the “nones” is “not a good thing.”
disapproval rates for several minority groups have grown — jews, latinos and asian-americans experienced 10-point jumps in disapproval, while recent immigrants, conservative christians and african-americans grew about 13 percent each.
the new study also attempts to find out why atheists are so reviled by what its authors call “dominant group members” — aka religious americans. the findings pinpoint three things: religious americans associate atheists with “criminality,” materialism and “a lack of accountability.”
the study’s authors — sociologists penny edgell, douglas hartmann, evan stewart and joseph gerteis — describe the jump in disapproval of muslims as a major change and are focusing now on identifying reasons for it.
“religion becomes a signal and a marker, an easy shorthand for americans’ moral judgment,” hartmann said. “but that is not the only thing going on with muslims. it’s more complicated.”
but hussein rashid, an adjunct professor at barnard college who frequently writes and consults about islam in the u.s., said the jump in anti-islamic sentiment the study pinpoints is reflected in the current political rhetoric.
“the data from this survey shows that there is an increasing pull away from the promise of america,” he said in an email. “in 10 years, people have a more negative perception of muslims, jews, gays, latinos, and blacks. as a new america is taking shape, with all its diversity, there is a reactionary response that wants a mythic america of everyone being exactly the same.”
the study has more bad news for atheists — despite a decade of organized effort from groups such as american atheists, the secular coalition for america and openly secular to normalize nonbelief, americans are not buying it — religious belief remains a measure of trustworthiness and belonging, the study found.
“overall, we find no support for the idea that the increasing visibility of non-religious persons, groups, and movements in american life has reduced anti-atheist sentiment in any significant way,” the study’s authors write.
a small bit of good news for nonbelievers: the number of people who say they would disapprove of their child marrying an atheist has dropped slightly, to 44 percent, down from 48 percent in 2006.
the study was written from data collected in 2014 from 2,500 participants. it was published in the current issue of social forces journal. the previous study was published in 2006 by three of the same authors.
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ˈmidiə ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪz ənsəˈpɔrtɪd ɔn jʊr dɪˈvaɪs ˈmidiə ˈkæpʃən ˈgɔrdən corera*: ə juˈnik ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˈɪntu ɪz ðə neɪmz əv θri əv ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈtækərz əˈpɪr ɪn faɪlz likt frəm ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈmɪlətənt grup, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈʤərmən ˈmidiə rɪˈpɔrts. ðə θri ər bɪˈlivd tɪ hæv ˈkɛrid aʊt ðə wərst əˈtæk, æt ðə ˈθiətər, wɛr 90 ˈpipəl daɪd. ðə ɪz faɪlz, əbˈteɪnd baɪ ˈʤərmən, ənd ˈsɪriən ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈmidiə, ər sɛd tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈθaʊzənz əv ʤiˈhɑˌdɪst rɪˈkruts frəm æt list 40 ˈkəntriz. ˈʤərmən əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ðə faɪlz kʊd bi əˈsumd tɪ bi ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn. ˈrəfli ˈfaɪtərz ər rɪˈpɔrtədli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd baɪ ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts, wɪθ wən faɪl fər iʧ rɪˈkrut ˈlɪstɪŋ ə neɪm, ˈæˌdrɛs ənd ˈəðər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈmɛni əv ðə neɪmz ˈgɪvɪn meɪ bi ˈdjupləˌkeɪts. əˈməŋ ðɛm ər, ənd ˈoʊmɑr ˈɪsmeɪl, ðə θri mɛn hu əˈtækt ðə ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈkɑnsərt baɪ ˈigəlz əv dɛθ ˈmɛtəl, ˈkɪlɪŋ 90 ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ˈoʊmɑr ˈɪsmeɪl ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts hæv bɪn əbˈteɪnd baɪ ˈʤərmən ˈpəblɪk ˈbrɔdˌkæstərz ənd ndr*, ənd ðə ˈdeɪli ˈzaɪtəŋ. sɛd ðə faɪlz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðə θri mɛn ˈɛnərd ɪz ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ɪn 2013 ənd 2014 ˈʤərməniz ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈmɪnɪstər ˈtɑməs də ˈmeɪˌzɪr ˈərliər sɛd ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən kənˈteɪnd ɪn ðə faɪlz kʊd hɛlp tɪ ˈprɑsəˌkjut ɪz ˈfaɪtərz, ənd hɛlp prɪˈvɛnt fˈjuʧər rɪˈkrutmənt. faɪlz wər fərst ˈpəblɪʃt ˈɔnˌlaɪn (ˈdɑkjəmənts ɪn ˈɛrəbɪk) baɪ ˈzeɪmən al-wasl*, ə ˈsɪriən nuz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ˈsɪkˈstin ˈbrɪtənz rɪˈpɔrtədli əˈpɪr ɪn ðə faɪlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ huˈseɪn ənd kɑn, hu wər kɪld ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər ɪn ˈsɪriə baɪ ən ræf droʊn straɪk. tu ˈəðərz ˈlɪstɪd, mɑrk bi ənd bi, ər ˈkərəntli ɔn traɪəl ˈsɛpərətli ɪn ˈʤərməni, waɪl əˈnəðər tu ˈʤərmənz ɔn ðə lɪst, sɑl ˈjæsɪn oussaiffi*, hæv əˈpɪrd ɪn ɪz ˈvɪdioʊz dəʧ ˈmidiə aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈæbu ˈʤihɑd frəm ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts ɛz ˈæmstərˌdæm ˈtiˌneɪʤər bouamran*, hu wɑz kɪld ɪn ə ˈjuˈɛs ɛr straɪk ɔn ðə ˈsɪriən ɪz ˈstrɔŋˌhoʊld əv ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2015 hɪz faɪl ridz: "bɔrn 1997 mərˈɑkən ˈɔrəʤən. wɔnts tɪ bi ə ˈfaɪtər." mɔr ɔn ðɪs ˈstɔri: pəˈlis ɪn ˈʤərməni ər ˈstədiɪŋ ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts. "ðə ˈʤərmən ˈfɛdərəl ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ækts ɔn ðə əˈsəmpʃən ðət ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts ər əˈθɛnɪk," ˈmɪstər də ˈmeɪˌzɪr sɛd. hɪz ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt ɪn ðə, hoʊm ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri tərˈisə meɪ, sɛd ʃi kʊd nɑt ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn "spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈmætərz". ɪz "ˈpoʊzɪz ə səˈvɪr θrɛt... ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ wərk təˈgɛðər tɪ ˈkaʊntər ðɪs θrɛt", ʃi sɛd. frɛnʧ ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈmɪnɪstər ˈbərnərd sɛd: "wi ər ɪkˈstrimli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɪʧ wʊd əˈlaʊ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ... ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts, bət səʧ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən həz tɪ bi ɔˈθɛntəˌkeɪtəd." skaɪ nuz sɛd ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts keɪm frəm ə mæn kɔld ˈæbu hæmd, ən ɪz ˈfaɪtər hu sɛd hi hæd bɪˈkəm ˌdɪsɪˈluʒənd wɪθ ðə grups ˈlidərˌʃɪp ənd ˈstoʊlən ə ˈmɛməri stɪk frəm ðə hɛd əv ðə ɪz ˌɪnˈtərnəl sɪˈkjʊrəti fɔrs ˌbiˈfɔr ˈhændɪŋ ɪt ˈoʊvər ɪn ˈtərki. ˈstɛfɑn kornelius*, ˈfɔrən ˈɛdɪtər əv ˈʤərməniz ˈzaɪtəŋ ˈnuzˌpeɪpər, toʊld ðə ˌbibiˈsi ðə ˈpeɪpər hæd əbˈteɪnd ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts frəm ə "ˈtrəstɪd sɔrs". "ɪt gɪvz səm pruf ɔn ðə steɪt əv ˈaɪsəs [ɪz] raɪt naʊ, sɪns ˈmɛni əv ðoʊz ˈmɛmbərz ənd ðoʊz biɪŋ kloʊz tɪ ðə ˈtɛrərɪst grup ər traɪɪŋ tɪ meɪk ˈməni, kwaɪt ˈɑnəstli, bɪˈkəz ˈɑbviəsli ðə ˈaɪsəs ɪz ɪn ə ˈdɛspərɪt ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl steɪt," hi sɛd. ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈdɑkjəmənts faɪlz əbˈteɪnd baɪ ˈsɪriən ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈzeɪmən æl wasl*. ɪf əˈθɛnɪk, ðeɪ səˈʤɛst: 40 ˈkəntriz frəm wɛr ɪz rɪˈkrutɪd ʤiˈhɑˌdɪsts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈrəʃə ənd ˌɪˈrɑn 72 əv ðə ˈfaɪtərz ər ˈærəb meɪn ˌnæʃəˈnælɪtiz: ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiən, ˌtuˈniʒən, mərˈɑkən, ɪˈʤɪpʃən 25 ər ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiənz ər ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn? æˈnælɪsɪs baɪ ˌbibiˈsi ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ʤiˈhɑˌdɪst ˈmidiə ˈɛkspərt ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈrɔɪtərz səm ˈænəlɪsts hæv reɪzd kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɔθənˈtɪsɪti əv ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ˌɪŋˈkɑnsɪˌstɛnsiz ɪn ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ənd ˈəðər ˈɑdətiz ɪn ðə rɪˈkrutmənt kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛrz səʧ ɛz: ðə oʊld neɪm fər ɪz ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk ənd ðə ləˈvænt (isil*) ɪz ˈrɛndərd ɪn tu sˈlaɪtli ˈdɪfərənt weɪz ɔn ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts ən ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˈloʊgoʊ ɪz juzd æt ðə ˈbɑtəm seɪɪŋ "ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ɪz hir tɪ steɪ" ðə kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr həz ə ˈsɛkʃən fər rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ wɪn ənd wɛr ə ˈfaɪtər wɑz "kɪld" ˈrəðər ðən "ˈmɑrtərd" ʤiˈhɑˌdɪsts' prɪˈfərd ˌtərmɪˈnɑləʤi bət nən əv ðət ɪz kənˈklusɪv. ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts wər ˈklɪrli nɑt ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd fər ˈpəblɪk kənˈsəmʃən, soʊ ðoʊz hu ˈdræftɪd ðə kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr meɪ nɑt hæv peɪd ɛz məʧ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ˈditeɪl ɛz fər ˈpəblɪk ˈdɑkjəmənts. ənd ðeɪ ʃʊd bi kəmˈpɛrd nɑt wɪθ ɪz ˈdɑkjəmənts əv təˈdeɪ, bət əv əraʊnd tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ, wɪn ðeɪ əˈpɪr tɪ ərˈɪʤəˌneɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə grups ˈræpɪd lænd græb əˈkrɔs ˈnɔrðərn ˌɪˈrɑk ənd ˈsɪriə, wɪn ɪts bjʊˈrɑkrəsi ənd ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz wər lɛs wɛl dɪˈvɛləpt.
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media playback is unsupported on your device media caption gordon corera: a unique insight into is
the names of three of the paris attackers appear in files leaked from the islamic state militant group, according to german media reports.
the three are believed to have carried out the worst attack, at the bataclan theatre, where 90 people died.
the is files, obtained by german, uk and syrian opposition media, are said to identify thousands of jihadist recruits from at least 40 countries.
german officials said the files could be assumed to be genuine.
roughly 22,000 fighters are reportedly identified by the documents, with one file for each recruit listing a name, address and other information. however, many of the names given may be duplicates.
among them are samy amimour, foued mohamed-aggad and omar ismail mostefai, the three men who attacked the bataclan during a concert by eagles of death metal, killing 90.
image copyright afp image caption foued mohamed-aggad
image copyright getty images image caption omar ismail mostefai
image copyright afp image caption samy amimour
the documents have been obtained by german public broadcasters wdr and ndr, and the daily sueddeutsche zeitung.
wdr said the files indicate that the three men entered is territory in 2013 and 2014.
germany's interior minister thomas de maiziere earlier said the information contained in the files could help to prosecute is fighters, and help prevent future recruitment.
files were first published online (documents in arabic) by zaman al-wasl, a qatari-based syrian news website.
sixteen britons reportedly appear in the files, including junaid hussain and reyaad khan, who were killed in september in syria by an raf drone strike.
two others listed, kerim marc b and abdelkarim b, are currently on trial separately in germany, while another two germans on the list, farid saal yassin oussaiffi, have appeared in is videos
dutch media identified abu jihad al-hollandi from the documents as amsterdam teenager achraf bouamran, who was killed in a us air strike on the syrian is stronghold of raqqa in january 2015. his file reads: "born 1997. moroccan origin. wants to be a fighter."
more on this story:
counter-terrorism police in germany are studying the documents.
"the german federal bureau of investigation acts on the assumption that the documents are authentic," mr de maiziere said.
his counterpart in the uk, home secretary theresa may, said she could not comment on "specific national security matters".
is "poses a severe threat... it is important for us to work together to counter this threat", she said.
french interior minister bernard cazeneuve said: "we are extremely interested in information which would allow us to... neutralise terrorists, but such information has to be authenticated."
sky news said the documents came from a man called abu hamed, an is fighter who said he had become disillusioned with the group's leadership and stolen a memory stick from the head of the is internal security force before handing it over in turkey.
stefan kornelius, foreign editor of germany's sueddeutsche zeitung newspaper, told the bbc the paper had obtained the documents from a "trusted source".
"it gives some proof on the state of isis [is] right now, since many of those members and those being close to the terrorist group are trying to make money, quite honestly, because obviously the isis is in a desperate financial state," he said.
islamic state documents 1,700 files obtained by syrian opposition website zaman al wasl. if authentic, they suggest: 40 countries from where is recruited jihadists, including russia and iran
72% of the fighters are arab
main nationalities: saudi arabian, tunisian, moroccan, egyptian
25% are saudi arabians afp
are the documents genuine? analysis by bbc monitoring jihadist media expert
image copyright reuters
some analysts have raised questions about the authenticity of the documents, noting inconsistencies in language and other oddities in the recruitment questionnaires such as:
the old name for is - islamic state in iraq and the levant (isil) - is rendered in two slightly different ways on the documents
an unusual logo is used at the bottom saying "islamic state is here to stay"
the questionnaire has a section for recording when and where a fighter was "killed" rather than "martyred" - jihadists' preferred terminology
but none of that is conclusive. the documents were clearly not intended for public consumption, so those who drafted the questionnaire may not have paid as much attention to detail as for public documents.
and they should be compared not with is documents of today, but of around two years ago, when they appear to originate - before the group's rapid land grab across northern iraq and syria, when its bureaucracy and administrative capabilities were less well developed.
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ɪn prəˈpoʊzd ˈtɔkɪŋ points”*” meɪd ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˈsɛnɪt rɪˈpɔrt ɔn siaɪeɪ ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən ənd dɪˈtɛnʃən ˈpɑləsiz, ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt rɪˈpɔrtədli sɪz, rɪˈpɔrt tɛlz ə ˈstɔri əv wɪʧ noʊ əˈmɛrɪkən ɪz proud.”*.” ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt, wɪʧ wɑz ˌæksəˈdɛnəli iˈmeɪld tɪ ən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs rɪˈpɔrtər, wɑz pʊt təˈgɛðər baɪ ðə waɪt haʊs ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə rɪˈpɔrt ðət sɪz ðə ˈeɪʤənsi ˈtritɪd ˈsəˌspɛkts mɔr ˈbrutəli ðən wɑz ˌəndərˈstʊd, ðət ðə ˈtæktɪks ˈproʊdus ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, ənd ðət ðə siaɪeɪ mɪsˈlɛd ˈkɑŋgrəs. ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt prəˈpoʊzd tɪ seɪ ðət ðə ˈsɛnɪt rɪˈpɔrt noʊ daʊt ðət ðə ˈmɛθədz juzd tɪ ˈɛkˌstrækt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm səm ˈtɛrərɪst ˈsəˌspɛkts kɔzd proʊˈfaʊnd peɪn, ˈsəfərɪŋ, ənd hjuˌmɪliˈeɪʃən. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ livz noʊ daʊt ðət ðə hɑrm kɔzd baɪ ðə juz əv ðiz tɛkˈniks aʊtˈweɪd ˈɛni pəˈtɛnʃəl benefit.”*.”
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in “preliminary proposed talking points” made in response to a classified senate report on post-9/11 cia interrogation and detention policies, the state department reportedly says, “this report tells a story of which no american is proud.” the document, which was accidentally emailed to an associated press reporter, was put together by the white house in response to a report that says the agency treated suspects more brutally than was understood, that the tactics didn’t produce life-saving intelligence, and that the cia misled congress. the state department proposed to say that the senate report “leaves no doubt that the methods used to extract information from some terrorist suspects caused profound pain, suffering, and humiliation. it also leaves no doubt that the harm caused by the use of these techniques outweighed any potential benefit.”
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ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz bæk wɪn ðə ˈɛfərt tɪ ˈjunjəˌnaɪz ˌnɔrθˈwɛstərn ˈkæpʧərd ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz ənd spɑrkt dəˈbeɪts rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈwɛðər ˈkɑlɪʤ pleɪərz ʃʊd ər bi peɪd, ə məʧ mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɛfərt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈsɪstəm θru ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən wɑz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ ˈpərkəˌleɪt. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, ɪt kʊd bɔɪl. ɛz ˈrisəntli ɪkˈspleɪnd baɪ lɪz ˈmələn ənd ˈmaɪkəl smɪθ əv ˈʤərnəl, ðə foʊks hu rən ˈkɑlɪʤ spɔrts ˈproʊˌgræmz hæv fɑr ˈgreɪtər kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt ˈpɛndɪŋ ˌæntaɪˈtrəst ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən ðən ðeɪ du əˈbaʊt ðə ˌjunjənəˈzeɪʃən pʊʃ ər ðə ɛd ˈlɔˌsut rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə juz əv pleɪər ˈlaɪknəsɪz wɪˈθaʊt ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən. lʊk bæk ɔn [pleɪər ˈɪmɪʤ juz] ənd ðə əˈtɛmpts æt ˌjunjənəˈzeɪʃən ɛz insignificant,”*,” ˈnoʊtər deɪm a.d*. ʤæk ˈrisəntli sɛd æt ə kənˈvɛnʃən ɪn ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ. ɛz tɪ ðə ˌæntaɪˈtrəst ˈlɔˌsuts, sɛd, bi ðə game-changer.”*.” ðə ˈɛfərt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə geɪm kəmz frəm ən ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət ðə ˈpleɪsmənt baɪ ðə əv ˈlɪmɪts ɔn wət pleɪərz kən bi ˈgɪvɪn ˈvaɪəleɪts ˌæntaɪˈtrəst lɔz. keɪs ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ riˈmuv ðə riˈstrɪkʃənz frəm ˈbæskətˌbɔl ənd ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɪn dɪˈvɪʒən aɪ ɪn ɔl ðə skulz soʊ ðeɪ kən ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ə fri ˈmɑrkɪt tɪ meɪk ðɛr oʊn dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən issues,”*,” ˈkɛslər toʊld ˈmələn ənd smɪθ. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, skulz bi əˈlaʊd tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ haɪd bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ruˈtin, wɪʧ meɪks ˈleɪbər məʧ mɔr əˈfɔrdəbəl ðən ɪf ˈkɑlɪʤɪz wər kəmˈpitɪŋ wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər nɑt baɪ ˈpʊtɪŋ ðə raɪt wərdz ɪn ə ɪr bət ðə raɪt ˈnəmbər əv ˈdɔlərz ɪn hɪz ˈpɑkət. ˈəltəmətli, ɪt wʊd fɔrs ə ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ðə ˈmæsɪv ˈrɛvəˌnuz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈproʊˌgræmz ɪn ə weɪ ðət wʊd trɪm ðə fæt ðət ˈkərəntli goʊz tɪ ˈkoʊʧɪz ənd ædˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtərz ənd ˈprɪti məʧ ˈɛvriˌwən bət ðə ˈpipəl dɪˈrɛkli riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈtɪkɪt seɪlz ənd raɪts fiz. ənd waɪl ðə geɪm wʊd ˈʃʊrli ʧeɪnʤ, ðə geɪmz ˈivɪn mɔr ˈʃʊrli ɛnd. ənd ðə nu ˈsɪstəm wʊd bi fɑr mɔr fɛr tɪ ðə kɪdz hu ər prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ðə ˈsərvɪsɪz fər wɪʧ fænz ənd ˈnɛtˌwərks ər peɪɪŋ bɪg ˈməni. ənd wi kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðɪs frəm taɪm tɪ taɪm bɪˈkəz ˈmæsɪv ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə fri fɑrm ˈsɪstəm wɪl hæv ən ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl. wɪʧ wʊd ˈəltəmətli rɪˈzəlt ɪn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl kriˈeɪtɪŋ ɪts oʊn fɑrm ˈsɪstəm.
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getty images
back when the effort to unionize northwestern captured headlines and sparked debates regarding whether college players should or shouldn’t be paid, a much more important effort to change the system through litigation was beginning to percolate.
eventually, it could boil.
as recently explained by liz mullen and michael smith of sportsbusiness journal, the folks who run college sports programs have far greater concerns about pending antitrust litigation than they do about the unionization push or the ed o’bannon lawsuit regarding the use of player likenesses without compensation.
“we’ll look back on o’bannon [player image use] and the attempts at unionization as insignificant,” notre dame a.d. jack swarbrick recently said at a convention in orlando. as to the antitrust lawsuits, swarbrick said, “that’ll be the game-changer.”
the effort to change the game comes from an argument that the placement by the ncaa of limits on what players can be given violates antitrust laws.
“our case is designed to remove the restrictions from men’s basketball and football in division i in all the schools so they can enjoy a free market to make their own decisions about compensation issues,” kessler told mullen and smith.
in other words, schools wouldn’t be allowed to continue to hide behind the tuition/room/board routine, which makes labor much more affordable than if colleges were competing with each other not by putting the right words in a recruit’s ear but the right number of dollars in his pocket.
ultimately, it would force a redistribution of the massive revenues generated by college programs in a way that would trim the fat that currently goes to coaches and administrators and pretty much everyone but the people directly responsible for ticket sales and rights fees. and while the game would surely change, the games even more surely wouldn’t end. and the new system would be far more fair to the kids who are providing the services for which fans and networks are paying big money.
and we continue to mention this from time to time because massive changes to the nfl’s free farm system will have an impact on the nfl. which would ultimately result in the nfl creating its own farm system.
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æt 2015 ˈdɑktər. heɪɪk kˈwaɪətli lɛt ɪt bi noʊn ðət ən ˈoʊpəs 14 ɪz ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ. sɪns ʤun əv 2010 heɪɪk həz bɪn ðə ʧɛr əv ðə swɑʧ bɔrd əv dɪˈrɛktərz. ʃi bɪˈkeɪm ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2013 ˈæftər swɑʧ grup əkˈwaɪərd ðə brænd. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə swɑʧ ˈteɪˌkoʊvər, ə kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈoʊpəs ˈsɪriz simd ɪn daʊt tɪ mi, ðoʊ ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju æt 2014 mɑrk heɪɪk dɪd rɪˈvil ðət hi ənd hɪz ˈfæməli ləvd ðə ˈoʊpəs ˈsɪriz ənd ðət hi ˌfɔrˈsɔ ə kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃən. ðoʊ siɪŋ ɪz bɪˈlivɪŋ, ʤɪst ðə ˈglɪmər əv hoʊp prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ əˈnaʊnsmɛnt ɪz ə greɪt ˈrizən tɪ teɪk ə lʊk bæk æt ðə əv ðə ˈoʊpəs ˈsɪriz, wɪʧ rɪˈmeɪn ðə ənd moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈaʊtˌpʊt əv wət wɑz ˈpriviəsli noʊn ɛz ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən rɛr (ənd ɪz naʊ ʤɪst ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən). ənd ɛz ju kən ˈprɑbəˌbli gɛs, aɪ ˌæbsəˈlutli ləv ðət ðə ˈprɛmɪs əv ðə ˈoʊpəs ˈsɪriz ɪz ɪts kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪv ˈneɪʧər wɪθ səm əv ðə wɔʧ ˈlidɪŋ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt. ə ““friendly”*” bɪˈgɪnɪŋ laɪk ˈmɛni gʊd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈstɔriz ɪn ðə ˈmɑdərn ˈɪrə, ðɪs wən ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈgæn wɪθ ˌmæksɪˈmɪliən. wi noʊ naʊ ɛz ðə ˈfaʊndər əv. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˌbiˈfɔr ðət, æt ðə eɪʤ əv 31 hi bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ðə ˈbərʤənɪŋ ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən rɛr. hæd ˈɛnərʤi, aɪˈdiəz, ənd ə ˈpæʃən fər ənˈjuˌʒuəl hət treɪts hi tʊk wɪθ ɪm wɪn hi ˈfaʊndɪd hɪz oʊn ˈkəmpəˌni, (ˌmæksɪˈmɪliən frɛndz) ɪn 2005 ðə aɪˈdiə əv ðə ““concept”*” wɔʧ ɪz wən ðət pərˈfɛktəd fər ˈhɛri ˈoʊpəs ˈsɪriz. ðə ˈænjuəl ɪˈdɪʃən riˈvɑlvd əraʊnd koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ən ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt iʧ jɪr tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈsɪgnəʧər ɪˈdɪʃən əv. wən ˈæˌspɛkt əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl aɪˈdiə wɑz ðət ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənts wʊd geɪn frəm ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˈpəblɪk ɪkˈspoʊʒər ðət ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən wʊd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt, waɪl ðə brænd wʊd geɪn ˈsɪriəs ˈkudoʊs frəm əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wɪθ ˈwərldˌklæs. ðə ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən rɛr ʧoʊz tɪ wərk wɪθ ɔl hæv hæd ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃənz fər ənˈjuˌʒuəl ənd ˌhaɪkˈwɑləti. əˈpɑn ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ iʧ ˈoʊpəs, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌɪnˈvɑlvd (ˈmɛni əv wɪʧ wər ˈpræktɪkəli ənˈnoʊn ˈaʊtˈsaɪd collectors’*’ ˈsərkəlz) bɪˈkeɪm noʊn tɪ ə ˈbrɔdər reɪnʤ əv ˈpipəl ˈsədənli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ðɛr ˈprɑdəkts ənd ˈkɑgnəzənt əv ðɛr neɪmz. hæts ɔf tɪ ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən fər ˈrɪŋɪŋ ɪn ə mɔr trænˈspɛrənt ˈætəˌtud: waɪl moʊst ˈkəmpəˌniz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ðə ˈərli deɪz əv ðiz koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪv ˈmæstərˌpisɪz kɛpt ðə neɪmz əv ðə ˈmeɪkərz əv ðɛr ˈmuvmənts fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən meɪd ɪt ə pɔɪnt tɪ ˈpraʊdli kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt ðə ˈɔrəʤɪnz əv iʧ juˈnik, kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪv ˈoʊpəs ˈtaɪmˌpis. ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə brænd noʊn praɪˈmɛrəli fər ɪts ˌhaɪkˈwɑləti ˈdaɪməndz həz hæd tu nu dɪˈrɛktərz bɪtˈwin dɪˈpɑrʧər ənd ðə swɑʧ grup ˈteɪˌkoʊvər, naʊ ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv luɪs wɔʧ ənd ˈʤuəlri dɪˈvɪʒən ənd də narp*, hu wɛnt ɔn tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ˈbæli grup ðə juˈnik ˈoʊpəs ˈsɪriz rɪˈmeɪnd ðə ˈhaɪˌlaɪt əv ðə ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən wɔʧ kəˈlɛkʃən θruaʊt ənd həz pleɪd ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt roʊl ɪn ədˈvænsɪŋ ðə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən. aɪ æm kwaɪt ɪkˈsaɪtɪd ðət ðə ˈsɪriz ɪz sɛt tɪ kənˈtɪnju ənd ˈigərli lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ðə lɔnʧ əv ˈoʊpəs 14 wɛˈnɛvər ðət meɪ bi. ˈoʊpəs 1 ˈkɪkɪŋ ɔf ðə ˈoʊpəs ˈsɪriz ɪn 2001 ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ʧæns ɪnˈkaʊnər wɪθ hɪz frɛnd ɔn ən ˈɛskəˌleɪtər æt wɑz, hu æt ðə taɪm wɑz ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ moʊst əv hɪz ˈɛnərʤiz ɔn ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl fəˈnɑməˌnɑn əv ˈrɛzənəns. ˈrɛzənəns, ɪn ə ˈnətˌʃɛl, ɪz ðə ˌsɪŋkrənəˈzeɪʃən əv ˈfrikwənsiz. ɪt ɪz ðɪs taɪp əv ˈmuvmənt ðət ˈjutəˌlaɪzd fər hɪz ʤɔɪnt ˈprɑʤɛkt wɪθ ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən. ˈsimɪŋli kəˈnɛktɪd baɪ ən ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl weɪv, ðə duəl ˈbæləns wilz əv ðɪs tu ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈmuvmənts ər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ prəˈvaɪd priˈsɪʒən ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə dɪˈspleɪ əv tu ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt taɪm zoʊnz. ðə kraʊn wɪndz ənd sɛts boʊθ ˈmuvmənts ənd boʊθ taɪm zoʊn dɪˈspleɪz. sɪks ˈdɪfərənt ˈvərʒənz wər kriˈeɪtɪd, tu əv wɪʧ wər sɛt wɪθ ˈɛkskwəzət ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən ˈdaɪməndz. əˈnəðər əv ˈfoʊkɪsɪz æt ðə taɪm wɑz ðə, ənd ðəs əˈnəðər sɪks juˈnik ˈoʊpəs 1 ˈmɑdəlz haʊzd ɪn ˈplætənəm wər kriˈeɪtɪd wɪθ ə ənd ə d’égalité*é ˈkɑnstənt fɔrs ɪˈskeɪpmənt. kriˈeɪtɪd ðə ˈfaɪnəl sɪks ˈoʊpəs 1 ˈmɑdəlz tɪ bi paʊərd baɪ ðə fərst ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˈmuvmənt ˈaʊtˌfɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈfaɪvˌdeɪ paʊər rɪˈzərv ðɪs ˈkæləbər ɪn daɪˈæmətər ənd haɪ) əˈʧivd ɪt wɪθ ʤɪst wən spərɪŋ ˈbɛrəl. kwɪk fækts ˈoʊpəs wən ˈvərʒən) keɪs: 38, ˈplætənəm, (ɔlˈtərnətɪvli sɛt wɪθ 51 ˈdaɪməndz weɪɪŋ ɪn æt kɔrt) ˈmuvmənt: ˈmænjuəli wund ˈmuvmənt wɪθ tu ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt gɪr treɪnz, escapements*, ənd ˈbælənsɪz ˈfəŋkʃənz: taɪm dɪˈspleɪz (aʊərz, ˈmɪnəts, ˈsɛkəndz) fər tu taɪm zoʊnz; paʊər rɪˈzərv ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən 42 aʊərz) ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən: 6 ˈpisɪz əv ðə ˈvərʒən dɪˈskraɪbd hir, iʧ wən juˈnik ɪn səm weɪ; sɪks ɪˈdɪʃənz; sɪks ˈvərʒənz wɪθ ˈfaɪvˌdeɪ paʊər rɪˈzərv praɪs: moʊst ˈrisənt ˈɔkʃən ˈhæmər praɪs wɑz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈwɑʧɪz hɔŋ kɔŋg, ʤun 2015 ˈoʊpəs 2 waɪl ðə ˈoʊpəs 1 peɪd ˈɑməʤ tɪ ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk saɪd əv watchmaking*, ðə ˈoʊpəs 2 ˈsərtənli ɪmˈbɑdid ɪts ˈbitɪŋ hɑrt. ɑntˈwɑn, ə ˈneɪtɪv wɪθ ˌɪˈtæljən ˈpɛrəntəʤ, wərks baɪ hɪz oʊn ədˈmɪʃən ˈʧifli ɔn ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən. ənd ðə ˈstɔri əv haʊ ðɪs ˈtaɪmˌpis keɪm tɪ bi ɪz ˌɪnˈdɪkətɪv əv ðət: ðə ˈlɔdɪd series’*’ ˈsɛkənd ˈɑrtɪst wɑz ˈkɑntræktəd tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈklæsɪk fər ˈhɛri ˈfrɛʃli ˈfaʊndɪd ˈtaɪmˌpis dɪˈvɪʒən. wɪn hi əraɪvd æt ðə ˈfæktəri tɪ ˈprɛzənt ðə ˈfɪnɪʃt ˈprɑdəkt, hi wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ əˈnəðər ˈmɑdəl əv hɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ. ɪts waɪt goʊld daɪəl wɑz ɛmˈbɛlɪʃt wɪθ ə ˈrɛndərɪŋ əv ðə ɑrʧt ˈɛntrəns tɪ ðə fɪθ ˈævəˌnu stɔr. ðɪs meɪd səʧ ən ˌɪmˈprɛʃən ɔn ðət hi bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈnæʧərəl ʧɔɪs fər ðə nɛkst ˌɪnˈstɔlmənt. ənd kənˈsivd ə double-faced*, ““back-to-back”*” ˈtaɪmˌpis ˈfiʧərɪŋ ə ɔn ðə frənt ənd ə fʊl pərˈpɛʧuəl ˈkæləndər ɔn ðə bæk, ðə ˈlætər ˈoʊnli rɪˈvild baɪ ˈoʊpənɪŋ ə hɪnʤd ˈkəvər. kriˈeɪtɪd 23 juˈnik, ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪn hɪz ˈwərkˌʃɑp fər ðə ˈoʊpəs ˈprɑʤɛkt. ˈilɛvən əv ðiz ˈkɑnstəˌtut ðə ənd pərˈpɛʧuəl ˈkæləndər ˈmɑdəl; ˈilɛvən ər ˈaʊtˌfɪtɪd ˈoʊnli wɪθ ðə; ənd wən ˈləki ˈoʊnər wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈpərʧəs ə ˈmɑdəl ˈfiʧərɪŋ ə ˈmuvmənt huz ənd ˈpɑlɪʃt ˈbrɪʤɪz wər sɛt wɪθ 158 ənd 16 ˈdaɪməndz. ðə 38 keɪs əv ðə ˈlætər wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ sɛt wɪθ 62 ˈdaɪməndz. kwɪk fækts ˈoʊpəs tu ˈvərʒən) keɪs: 38, ˈplætənəm, sˈwɪvəlɪŋ keɪs soʊ ˈiðər saɪd kən bi wɔrn feɪs əp ˈmuvmənt: ˈmænjuəli wund ˈmuvmənt wɪθ mɪˈstɪriəs ˈwaɪndɪŋ ənd ənd 110 aʊərz əv paʊər rɪˈzərv ˈfəŋkʃənz: aʊərz, ˈmɪnəts ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən: 11 ˈpisɪz əv ðə ˈvərʒən dɪˈskraɪbd hir; 24 ˈpisɪz ˈtoʊtəl əv ðə ˈoʊpəs 2 praɪs: moʊst ˈrisənt ˈɔkʃən ˈhæmər praɪs wɑz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈwɑʧɪz hɔŋ kɔŋg, ʤun 2015 ˈoʊpəs 3 ɪn ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ðə ˈoʊpəs 3 tɪ fruˈɪʃən, ˈrɑnəld ɪkˈsprɛs goʊl wɑz tɪ kənˈtɪnju ðə ˌpaɪəˈnɪrɪŋ roʊl fər ðə fərm hɪz ˈfɑðər ˈfaʊndɪd tɪ lɪv ɔn ðə kriˈeɪtɪv ɛʤ, soʊ tɪ spik. ˈwɪnstən həz ˈɔfən sɛd, ə ˈtaɪmˌpis tɪ bɛr ðə ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən neɪm, ɪt həz tɪ bi exceptional.”*.” ənd ðə ˈkəmpəˌni tʊk kwaɪt ə rɪsk wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈoʊpəs 3 1999 ˈmɑdəl ɪz wən ðət breɪks ˈmɛni kənˈvɛnʃənz ɪn watchmaking*. tʊk wən lʊk æt ɪt ənd fɛl ɪn ləv. ðə ˈikwəli ˌnɑnkənˈfɔrmɪst ˈoʊpəs 3 dɪz more”*” ðən dɪˈspleɪ aʊərz, ˈmɪnəts, ˈsɛkəndz, ənd deɪt: tɛn ˈlɪtəl dɪsks ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ˈɪntu ðə ˈʤərmən ˈsɪlvər beɪs pleɪt ʃoʊ ðiz ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ʤəmp aʊərz ənd ə ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn əv ðə ˈfaɪnəl fɔr ˈsɛkəndz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈmɪnət ʤəmps tɪ ðə nɛkst. tɪ meɪk ɔl ðɪs ˈtɛknɪkəli ˈpɑsəbəl, ðə ˈmuvmənt kənˈteɪnz tu ˈsɛpərˌeɪt gɪr treɪnz ənd twɪn spərɪŋ ˈbɛrəlz. ðə ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl nɑʧt kraʊn ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪts fɔr ˈsɛtɪŋ pəˈzɪʃənz ɛz wɛl ɛz ə ˈwaɪndɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən. ðə ˈoʊpəs 3 ˈkɑnstəˌtutəd ə dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt breɪk wɪθ ˈhɛri ˈjuʒəwəl ˈmɑdərn, jɛt ˈəndərˌsteɪtɪd, weɪ əv dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ ɪts ˈprɑdəkts. ðɪs ˈtaɪmˌpis wɑz nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli kənˈsivd tɪ bi ˈtaɪmləs, ðoʊ ɪt həz ˈsərtənli bɪˈkəm ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri θæŋks tɪ ɪts lɔŋ roʊd tɪ məˈʧʊrəti ənd ðə ˈfaɪnəli pərˈfɛktəd ˈgraʊnˌbreɪkɪŋ məˈkænɪks. ˈoʊnli ɪn 2010 dɪd ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən bɪˈgɪn dɪˈlɪvəri əv ðɪs ˈtaɪmˌpis, θæŋks ɪn pɑrt tɪ (hu wɛnt ɔn tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ðə ˈoʊpəs 8 wɪn hi wɑz stɪl æt rɪˈnoʊ ɛt papi*. kwɪk fækts ˈoʊpəs θri keɪs: 36 ɛks ɛks, ˈplætənəm ər pɪŋk goʊld 25 ˈpisɪz iʧ), 5 ˈpisɪz ɪn ˈplætənəm sɛt wɪθ ˌbæˈgɛt- ənd ˈdaɪməndz kɔrt) ˈmuvmənt: ˈmænjuəli wund ˈmuvmənt wɪθ tu ˈsɛpərˌeɪt gɪr treɪnz ənd twɪn spərɪŋ ˈbɛrəlz ˈfəŋkʃənz: ˈdɪʤɪtəl dɪˈspleɪ əv aʊərz, ˈmɪnəts (ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn əv læst fɔr ˈsɛkəndz tɪ ʤəmp), ˈsɛkəndz; deɪt (ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn əv læst fɔr ˈsɛkəndz tɪ ʤəmp), ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən: 55 ˈpisɪz praɪs: ərˈɪʤənəl ˈriˌteɪl praɪs moʊst ˈrisənt ˈɔkʃən ˈhæmər praɪs wɑz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈwɑʧɪz hɔŋ kɔŋg, ʤun 2015 ˈoʊpəs 4 ˈhɛdɪŋ bæk ˈɪntu ““known”*” ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən ˈɛnərd ə mɔr trəˈdɪʃənəl koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪv steɪt wɪθ krɪˈstɔf, hu wɑz ɔˈrɛdi ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd ɔn ˈəðər ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd səʧ ɛz ðə də. ənˈlaɪk ɔl ðə ˈəðər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənts ðət ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən həz wərkt wɪθ ɔn ðə ˈoʊpəs ədˈvɛnʧər, oʊnd ə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪmˈplɔɪɪŋ kloʊz tɪ 100 tɛkˈnɪʃənz,, ənd ˈɑrtəzənz. ðə ˈəðər kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪv meɪnˈteɪnd məʧ sˈmɔlər ˈwərkˌʃɑps. ɛz ˈspɛʃəlti ɪz ðə ˈmɪnət rɪˈpitər, ðə ˈoʊpəs 4 ˈnæʧərəli ˈfiʧərz ən ˌənfərˈgɛtəbəl ɪgˈzæmpəl wɪθ kəˈθidrəl gɔŋz ənd mɔr: ɪt ɪz dɪˈspleɪd təˈgɛðər wɪθ ə ˈmænjuəli wund ɔn ðə frənt, waɪl ðə bæk kəmˈpraɪzɪz ə ˈstraɪkɪŋli lɑrʤ mun feɪz dɪˈspleɪ wɪθ deɪt. tɪ tɔp ɪt ɔl ɔf, ðə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪˈdɪʃən ˈtaɪmˌpis wɪθ ə paʊər rɪˈzərv ɪz haʊzd ɪn ə kəmˈplitli rɪˈvərsəbəl keɪs soʊ ɪts ˈoʊnər kən wɛr ðə ˈtaɪmˌpis ˈiðər weɪ əp ɛz ðə mud straɪks. ˈeɪˈtin wər kəmˈplitɪd ɪn 44 ˈplætənəm ˈkeɪsɪz, waɪl tu juˈnik ˈpisɪz wər ˈɔfərd sɛt wɪθ ˌbæˈgɛt- ər ˈdaɪməndz. kwɪk fækts ˈoʊpəs fɔr keɪs: 44, ˈplætənəm, sˈwɪvəlɪŋ keɪs soʊ ˈiðər saɪd kən bi wɔrn feɪs əp (aʊərz ənd ˈmɪnəts ər ʃoʊn ɔn boʊθ saɪdz) ˈmuvmənt: ˈmænjuəli wund ˈmuvmənt wɪθ ənd 53 aʊərz paʊər rɪˈzərv ˈfəŋkʃənz: aʊərz, ˈmɪnəts (ʃoʊn ɔn boʊθ bæk ənd frənt), ˈsɛkəndz; deɪt; mun feɪz dɪˈspleɪ; ˈmɪnət rɪˈpitər (kəˈθidrəl gɔŋ) ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən: 18 ˈpisɪz ɪn ˈplætənəm ənd tu ˈpisɪz sɛt wɪθ ˌbæˈgɛt- ər ˈdaɪməndz fər ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 20 ˈpisɪz ˈoʊpəs 5 ˈoʊpəs vi ðə 2005 ɪˈdɪʃən əv ðə ˈoʊpəs lɛd ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən bæk ˈɪntu ðə ˈfɪkʃən rɛlm ðət bɪˈgæn wɪθ ˈoʊpəs 3 koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪŋ wɪθ əv ðə ˈduoʊ noʊn ɛz, ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən ənd ˈfilɪks ˈbɑmˌgɑrtnər pərˈzɛnəd ə ˈsætəˌlaɪt aʊər wɔʧ ˌrɛməˈnɪsənt əv ðə ˈnɑvəl ðət prəˈdusɪz. ðə ˈsikrɪt əv ðɪs wɔʧ dɪˈspleɪ laɪz ɪn θri smɔl kjubz əreɪnʤd laɪk ˈsætəˌlaɪts ðət tərn ənd ˈroʊˌteɪt ɛz ˈnidɪd tɪ ʃoʊ ðə ˈkɑrənt aʊər. ðə ˈnumərəl ˈkərəntli ɪn juz ɪz faʊnd æt ðə lɔŋ ɛnd əv ən ˈɛroʊ ðət pɔɪnts tɪ ðə ˈmɪnəts ɔn ə skeɪl ɑrʧt əˈlɔŋ ðə lɛft saɪd əv ðə keɪs. tu ˈmeɪʤər ˈɛləmənts kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi faʊnd ɔn ðə bæk əv ðə keɪs: ən ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ˈsərvɪs ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər tɪ lɛt ðə ˈwɛrər noʊ wɪn ɪt ɪz taɪm sɛnd ðə wɔʧ ɪn fər ˈmeɪntənəns ənd ə faɪn əˈʤəstmənt skru ðət ðə ˈwɛrər kən juz tɪ əˈʤəst ðə reɪt baɪ pləs ər ˈmaɪnəs ˈθərˌdi ˈsɛkəndz. kwɪk fækts ˈoʊpəs faɪv keɪs: 50, pɪŋk goʊld, ˈplætənəm ˈmuvmənt: ˈmænjuəli wund ˈmuvmənt wɪθ 122 aʊərz paʊər rɪˈzərv ˈfəŋkʃənz: aʊərz (ˈsætəˌlaɪt), ˈmɪnəts (ˈrɛtrəˌgreɪd) ɔn frənt; paʊər rɪˈzərv ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən, ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən, ˈfaɪvˌjɪr ˈsərvɪs ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ɔn bæk ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən: 45 ˈpisɪz (pɪŋk goʊld), 45 ˈpisɪz (ˈplætənəm), 7 ˈpisɪz ɪn ˈplætənəm sɛt wɪθ ˈdaɪməndz, 3 ˈpisɪz ɪn ˈplætənəm sɛt wɪθ ˈdaɪməndz fər 100 ˈtoʊtəl ˈpisɪz praɪs: moʊst ˈrisənt ˈɔkʃən ˈhæmər praɪs wɑz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈwɑʧɪz hɔŋ kɔŋg, ʤun 2015 ˈoʊpəs 6 ðoʊ rɪˈzaɪnd frəm ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən ɪn 2005 tɪ stɑrt, hɪz səkˈsɛsər ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ kənˈtɪnju ðə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈsɪriz əv juˈnik ˈwɑʧɪz. ˈoʊpəs 6 wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd wɪθ ˈspɛʃəlɪsts ˈgrɔɪbəl, æt ðə taɪm ə smɔl ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt brænd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə neɪm fər ˌɪtˈsɛlf wɪθ ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd,. wət ˈrɑbərt ˈgrɔɪbəl həz tərmd ˈbjutəfəl adventure”*” ɪz ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti ə wɔʧ ðə ˈduoʊ ˈaʊtˌfɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm ðeɪ neɪmd ðə ˈiˌmoʊʃən ðɪs wɑz ə ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈmuvmənt ˌɪnˈklaɪnd baɪ ˈθərˌdi dɪˈgriz ðət ðiz hæd lɔŋ bɪn ɛkˈspɛrəˌmɛntɪŋ wɪθ, ənd ɪt meɪd ðə ˈoʊpəs ˈvɪʒwəlz sim mɔr laɪk ə bæˈleɪ ˈkɔriəˌgræft fər ɪts ˈwɛrər ðən ə ˈtænʤəbəl ˈtaɪmˌpis. ðoʊ ɪt wɑz ˈnæʧərəli ðə ˈlætər ɛz wɛl. ˈtrænsˌleɪtɪŋ kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈɪntu məˈkænɪkəl ˈbjuti, ðə ˈoʊpəs 6 wɑz əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ən ɪkˈstrimli ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪˈdɪʃən əv ˈoʊnli sɪks ˈpisɪz nɑt ənˈlaɪk ˈgrɔɪbəl oʊn ˈaʊtˌpʊt: ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt 100 ˈləki kəˈlɛktərz kən kɔl ə ˈgrɔɪbəl ðɛr oʊn iʧ jɪr. ənd ɪn 2006 ˈgrɔɪbəl wɑz ˈoʊnli ˈmeɪkɪŋ pərˈhæps 30 ˈænjuəli. kwɪk fækts ˈoʊpəs sɪks keɪs: 46, waɪt goʊld ˈmuvmənt: ˈmænjuəli wund ˈiˌmoʊʃən ˈmuvmənt wɪθ tu (ðə ˈlɑrʤər riˈvɑlvz ɪn 4 ˈmɪnəts; ðə sˈmɔlər ˌɪnˈsaɪd ɪt æt ə spid əv wən ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ɪn wən ˈmɪnət) ˌɪnˈklaɪnd æt wɪθ 72 aʊərz əv paʊər rɪˈzərv ˈfəŋkʃənz: aʊərz (dɪsk), ˈmɪnəts (dɪsk), ˈsɛkəndz (dɪsk) ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən: 6 ˈpisɪz praɪs: moʊst ˈrisənt ˈɔkʃən ˈhæmər praɪs wɑz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈwɑʧɪz hɔŋ kɔŋg, meɪ 2012 ˈoʊpəs 7 ˈləki ˈnəmbər ˈsɛvən wɑz ɑnˈdreɪəs ˈvɛnʧər ˈɪntu ˈhɛri wərld. ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈmuvmənt dɪˈzaɪnər wɔʧ fænz meɪ rɪˈmɛmbər frəm hɪz wərk wɪθ ənd fərst pərˈpɛʧuəl ˈkæləndər, wərkt ɔn hɪz ˈoʊpəs ˈəndər ðə ˈmɑtoʊ, ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd tɪ bi simple.”*.” wət ˈimərʤd wɑz ən ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ˈtaɪmˌpis wɪθ ən ˈɔltərˌneɪtɪŋ dɪˈspleɪ ʃoʊɪŋ ˈiðər aʊərz ənd ˈmɪnəts ər ə paʊər rɪˈzərv ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər. ɔl ðə ˈwɛrər həz tɪ du ɪz prɛs ðə kraʊn tɪ ˈtrænsfɔrm ðə dɪˈspleɪ. ləv əv hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ɑrˈtɪstɪk ˈmuvmənts əv ɑrt ˌnuˈvoʊ ənd ɑrt ˈdɛkoʊ ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən ər əˈpɛrənt ɪn ðə ˈbrɪʤɪz əv ðə ˈsɪmpəl ˈmuvmənt laɪk hɪz oʊn papillon*. ˈfɔrʧənətli, ðɪs ˈmuvmənt ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈvɪzəbəl ɛz ɪt ˈpræktɪkəli ɪnˈvɛləps ðə smɔl daɪəl ˌɪnˈsaɪd ɪts 45 waɪt goʊld keɪs. ðə ˈoʊpəs 7 wɑz ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪˈdɪʃən əv 50 ˈpisɪz. kwɪk fækts ˈoʊpəs ˈsɛvən keɪs: 45, waɪt goʊld ˈmuvmənt: ˈmænjuəli wund ˈmuvmənt wɪθ ˈbrɪʤɪz ðət kən ˈtrænsfɔrm ðə ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ʃoʊn baɪ ˈprɛsɪŋ ə ˈbətən ˈfəŋkʃənz: aʊərz, ˈmɪnəts; paʊər rɪˈzərv ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən: 50 ˈpisɪz praɪs: moʊst ˈrisənt ˈɔkʃən ˈhæmər praɪs wɑz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈwɑʧɪz hɔŋ kɔŋg, ʤun 2015 ˈoʊpəs 8 hæd ən aɪˈdiə: ə ˈhaɪbrɪd ˈtaɪmˌpis ðət wʊd brɪŋ təˈgɛðər ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd məˈkænɪks ənd ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks., ˌhaʊˈɛvər, əˈpɑn ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ɪn ˈərli 2007 pərˈzɛnəd ɪm wɪθ ə nu ˈʧælənʤ: waɪ nɑt ˈtrænsfɔrm ðə ˈhaɪbrɪd dɪˈspleɪ ˈɪntu ə ˈdɪʤɪtəl dɪˈspleɪ? soʊ wət ənd hɪz dɪ horlogères*) ˈbeɪsɪkli kriˈeɪtɪd wɑz ə ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd məˈkænɪkəl ˈtaɪmˌpis wɪθ ðə lʊk əv kwɔrts. ʤuəlz ənd 437 kəmˈpoʊnənts əˈtɛst tɪ ɪts kəmˈplɛksɪti ɛz du ˈfəŋkʃənz səʧ ɛz ˈdɪʤɪtəl aʊər) ənd ˈmɪnət dɪˈspleɪz (ɪn ˌsɛgˈmɛnts əv faɪv ˈmɪnəts) ɔn ðə frənt ənd ə ˈsɛkənd taɪm zoʊn ʃoʊn baɪ dɪsk aʊər ənd ˌsɛgˈmɛnts) ɛz wɛl ɛz ə paʊər rɪˈzərv ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ɔn ðə bæk. lɔnʧt ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ðə greɪt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk kræʃ əv 2008 ðɪs wən wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˈoʊpəs ˈtaɪmˌpis, bət ɪt ˈsərtənli spɑrkt ə greɪt dil əv ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən æt ɪts ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən. kwɪk fækts ˈoʊpəs eɪt keɪs: ɛks, waɪt goʊld ˈmuvmənt: ˈmænjuəli wund ˈmuvmənt wɪθ ˈdɪʤɪtəl dɪˈspleɪ ˈmɑʤul ənd 48 aʊərz paʊər rɪˈzərv kəmˈpraɪzɪŋ 437 kəmˈpoʊnənts ˈfəŋkʃənz: ˈdɪʤɪtəl aʊərz ənd ˈmɪnəts (ʃoʊn ɪn ˈɪŋkrəˌmɛnts); ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən; paʊər rɪˈzərv dɪˈspleɪ ɔn bæk ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən: 50 ˈpisɪz ˈoʊpəs 9 ən ˈoʊpəs ɛz ˈdɪfərənt frəm ðə ˈəðərz ɛz deɪ ɪz tɪ naɪt, ðə naɪnθ ɪn ðə ˈsɪriz wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ənd dɪˈzaɪnər ˈɛrɪk ə ˈduoʊ ðət ˈɔfən kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ wərk wɪθ ɛz wɛl. ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ə ˈmuvmənt, kriˈeɪtɪd tu ˈpaʊərfəl ʧeɪnz sɛt wɪθ ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən ˈʤɛmˌstoʊnz tɪ ʃoʊ ðə aʊərz ənd ðə ˈmɪnəts ɪn ˈlɪniər ˈfæʃən ðə ʧeɪn ɔn ðə raɪt sɛt wɪθ ˈdaɪməndz ənd ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈgɑrnət dɪˈspleɪz ðə aʊərz, waɪl ðə ʧeɪn ɔn ðə lɛft sɛt wɪθ ðə seɪm ˌkɑnstəˈleɪʃən əv ˈprɛʃəs stoʊnz dɪˈspleɪz ðə ˈmɪnəts. ðə ˈifɛkt ɪz ɛz klin ɛz ə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər. pækt ðɪs ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ɪn ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ənd ˈlævɪʃ waɪt goʊld keɪs ɛnˈvɛləpt ɪn kərvd ˈsæfaɪər ˈkrɪstəl. æt ðə 2009 ɪˈdɪʃən əv ðə grænd pri də genève*, ðɪs wɔʧ tʊk hoʊm ðə watch”*” praɪz. kwɪk fækts ˈoʊpəs naɪn keɪs: 56 ɛks 48 ɛks 20, waɪt goʊld ˈmuvmənt: ˌɔtəˈmætɪk beɪs ˈmuvmənt ˈgreɪtli ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd baɪ wɪθ 72 aʊərz paʊər rɪˈzərv ˈfəŋkʃənz: ˈlɪniər aʊər ənd ˈmɪnəts ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən: 100 ˈpisɪz praɪs: moʊst ˈrisənt ˈɔkʃən ˈhæmər praɪs wɑz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈwɑʧɪz hɔŋ kɔŋg, ʤun 2015 ˈoʊpəs 10 ˈoʊpəs ɛks ðə tɛnθ ˌænəˈvərsəri əv ˈhɛri ˈoʊpəs ˈsɪriz wɑz ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd baɪ ə kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ə huz neɪm æt ðə taɪm wɑz nɑt jɛt ˈkɑmən ɪn ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ əv watchmaking*: ənd hɪz ˈkəmpəˌni wərk bɪˈhaɪnd ðə sinz ɛz ə ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃən dɪˈvɛləpər. mɔˈroʊvər, ðə ˈoʊpəs ɛks wɑz ˈrɪli ə ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃən ənˈtɪl wən siz ɪt ɪn ˈækʃən, ðət ɪz. ˈsɪŋkrəˌnaɪzd roʊˈteɪʃənəl ˈmoʊʃən əv dɪsks rɪˈpleɪsɪz ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl fɪkst hænz. ˈmaʊnɪd ɔn ə riˈvɑlvɪŋ freɪm ðət kəmˈplits wən fʊl roʊˈteɪʃən ɪn ə ˈpɪriəd, iʧ əv ðə sˈlaɪtli ˌɪnˈklaɪnd (aʊərz, ˈmɪnəts, ˈsɛkəndz, ˈsɛkənd taɪm dɪˈspleɪ) tərnz wɪˈθɪn ɪts oʊn sfɪr tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən rɪˈmeɪnz ˈkɑnstənt ɪn ˈɛni pəˈzɪʃən. ˈsimɪŋ ˈɔlˌmoʊst laɪk ə ˈsoʊlər ˈsɪstəm, ðə ˈmuvmənt ɪz ˈaʊtˌfɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈplænəˌtɛri gɪr treɪn: ðə dɪˈspleɪz ər ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɔn ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈsætəˌlaɪt gɪr wilz ðət ““orbit”*” əraʊnd ə ˈsɛntrəl wil. kwɪk fækts ˈoʊpəs tɛn keɪs: 46, waɪt goʊld ˈmuvmənt: ˈmænjuəli wund ˈmuvmənt wɪθ 72 aʊərz paʊər rɪˈzərv ˈfəŋkʃənz: aʊərz, ˈmɪnəts, ˈsɛkəndz ˈmaʊnɪd ɔn ə riˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrm; ˈsɛkənd taɪm dɪˈspleɪ, ˈlɪniər paʊər rɪˈzərv ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ɔn bæk ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən: 100 ˈpisɪz praɪs: moʊst ˈrisənt ˈɔkʃən ˈhæmər praɪs wɑz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈwɑʧɪz hɔŋ kɔŋg, ʤun 2015 ˈoʊpəs 11 ðə ˈoʊpəs 11 wɑz ˈigərli əˈweɪtɪd: baɪ ðɪs taɪm ðə ˈoʊpəs wɑz soʊ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəˌlaɪzd ðət ɪt wɑz ˈkɑmən fər kəˈlɛktərz ənd ril ɛnˈθuziˌæsts tɪ rən tɪ ðə ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən buθ streɪt ɔf əˈpɑn ərˈaɪvɪŋ æt ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ si ðə nɛkst ˌɪnˈstɔlmənt. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən hæd steɪʤd ə lɑrʤ səˈlɛbrəˌtɔri ˈpɑrti æt ɪts ʤəˈnivə ˈfæktəri ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2010 ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪŋ ə fʊl ˈdɛkeɪd əv ðə ˈoʊpəs ˈsɪriz. ɔl əv ðə ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə laɪn wər ˈprɛzənt ɛz wɑz də narp*, ˈvɛriəs ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz frəm ˈhɛri ˈwɪnstən, ənd ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈriˌteɪlərz ənd wɔʧ prɛs ɪn ðə wərld. ðə mud wɑz ˈtruli səˈlɛbrəˌtɔri, ənd aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər æt səm pɔɪnt ɪn ðə ˈivnɪŋ ðət ɪf ə ˈtɛrərɪst hæd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ bloʊ ðət ˈbjutəfəl ˈfæktəri əp ɔn ðət deɪ, ɪt wʊd hæv ˈteɪkən hæf ðə ˈləgʒəri wɔʧ ˈɪndəstri wɪθ ɪt!
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at baselworld 2015, dr. nayla hayek quietly let it be known that an opus 14 is forthcoming.
since june of 2010, hayek has been the chair of the swatch group’s board of directors. she became ceo of harry winston in january 2013, after swatch group acquired the brand.
following the swatch group’s takeover, a continuation of the opus series seemed in doubt to me, though in an interview at baselworld 2014, marc hayek did reveal that he and his family loved the opus series and that he foresaw a continuation.
though seeing is believing, just the glimmer of hope provided by nayla hayek’s announcement is a great reason to take a look back at the history-making timepieces of the opus series, which remain the best-known and most important horological output of what was previously known as harry winston rare timepieces (and is now just harry winston).
and as you can probably guess, i absolutely love that the premise of the opus series is its collaborative nature with some of the watch world’s leading independent watchmakers.
a “friendly” beginning
like many good independent watchmaker stories in the modern era, this one also began with maximilian büsser. we know büsser now as the founder of mb&f. however, before that, at the age of 31, he became the ceo of the burgeoning harry winston rare timepieces.
büsser had energy, ideas, and a deep-seated passion for unusual haute horlogerie – traits he took with him when he founded his own company, mb&f (maximilian büsser & friends) in 2005.
the idea of the “concept” watch is one that büsser perfected for harry winston’s opus series. the ultra-limited annual edition revolved around cooperating with an outstanding independent watchmaker each year to create a signature edition of timepieces. one aspect of the original idea was that the independents would gain from the larger public exposure that harry winston would generate, while the diamond-centric brand would gain serious horological kudos from associations with world-class watchmakers.
the watchmakers harry winston rare timepieces chose to work with all have had reputations for unusual and high-quality timepieces. upon introducing each opus, however, the independent watchmakers involved (many of which were practically unknown outside collectors’ circles) became known to a broader range of people suddenly interested in their products and cognizant of their names.
hats off to harry winston for ringing in a more transparent attitude: while most companies – particularly in the early days of these cooperative masterpieces – kept the names of the makers of their movements for themselves, harry winston made it a point to proudly communicate the origins of each unique, collaborative opus timepiece.
even though the brand known primarily for its high-quality diamonds has had two new directors between büsser’s departure and the swatch group takeover – hamdi chatti, now ceo of louis vuitton’s watch and jewelry division and frédéric de narp, who went on to become ceo of bally group – the unique opus series remained the highlight of the harry winston watch collection throughout and has played a significant role in advancing the brand’s horological reputation.
i am quite excited that the series is set to continue and eagerly look forward to the launch of opus 14 – whenever that may be.
opus 1
kicking off the opus series in 2001 following a chance encounter with his friend büsser on an escalator at baselworld was françois-paul journe, who at the time was focusing most of his energies on the physical phenomenon of resonance. resonance, in a nutshell, is the synchronization of frequencies.
it is this type of movement that journe utilized for his joint project with harry winston. seemingly connected by an invisible wave, the dual balance wheels of this wristwatch’s two independent movements are designed to provide precision as well as the display of two independent time zones. the crown winds and sets both movements and both time zone displays. six different versions were created, two of which were set with exquisite harry winston diamonds.
another of journe’s focuses at the time was the tourbillon, and thus another six unique opus 1 models housed in platinum were created with a tourbillon and a remontoir d’égalité constant force escapement.
journe created the final six opus 1 models to be powered by the world’s first automatic movement outfitted with a five-day power reserve – this normal-sized caliber (30.5 mm in diameter and 5.7 mm high) achieved it with just one spring barrel.
quick facts opus one (chronometer version)
case: 38 mm, platinum, (alternatively set with 51 baguette-cut diamonds weighing in at 4.85 ct)
movement: manually wound movement with two independent resonance-controlled gear trains, escapements, and balances
functions: time displays (hours, minutes, seconds) for two time zones; power reserve indication (42 hours)
limitation: 6 pieces of the chronometer version described here, each one unique in some way; six tourbillon editions; six versions with five-day power reserve
price: most recent auction hammer price was $176,147 (christie’s important watches hong kong, june 2015)
opus 2
while the opus 1 paid homage to the scientific side of watchmaking, the opus 2 certainly embodied its beating heart.
antoine preziuso, a native genevan with italian parentage, works by his own admission chiefly on inspiration. and the story of how this timepiece came to be is indicative of that: the lauded series’ second artist was contracted to create a classic tourbillon for harry winston’s freshly founded timepiece division. when he arrived at the factory to present the finished product, he was wearing another model of his making. its white gold dial was embellished with a hand-engraved rendering of the arched entrance to the firm’s fifth avenue store. this made such an impression on büsser that he became a natural choice for the next installment.
büsser and preziuso conceived a double-faced, “back-to-back” timepiece featuring a tourbillon on the front and a full perpetual calendar on the back, the latter only revealed by opening a hinged cover.
preziuso created 23 unique, limited timepieces in his workshop for the opus project. eleven of these constitute the back-to-back tourbillon and perpetual calendar model; eleven are outfitted only with the tourbillon; and one lucky owner was able to purchase a tourbillon model featuring a skeletonized movement whose beveled and polished bridges were set with 158 brilliant-cut and 16 baguette-cut diamonds. the 38 mm case of the latter was also set with 62 baguette-cut diamonds.
quick facts opus two (tourbillon version)
case: 38 mm, platinum, swiveling case so either side can be worn face up
movement: manually wound skeletonized movement with mysterious winding and one-minute tourbillon and 110 hours of power reserve
functions: hours, minutes
limitation: 11 pieces of the version described here; 24 pieces total of the opus 2
price: most recent auction hammer price was $378,199 (christie’s important watches hong kong, june 2015)
opus 3
in bringing the opus 3 to fruition, ronald winston’s express goal was to continue the pioneering role for the firm his father founded – to live on the creative edge, so to speak. winston has often said, “for a timepiece to bear the harry winston name, it has to be exceptional.” and the company took quite a risk with the exceptional opus 3.
parisian-born vianney halter’s 1999 antiqua model is one that breaks many conventions in watchmaking. büsser took one look at it and fell in love.
the equally non-conformist opus 3 does “nothing more” than display hours, minutes, seconds, and date: ten little disks incorporated into the movement’s german silver base plate show these indications, including jump hours and a countdown of the final four seconds before the current minute jumps to the next. to make all this technically possible, the 53-jewel movement contains two separate gear trains and twin spring barrels. the horizontal notched crown incorporates four setting positions as well as a winding position.
the opus 3 constituted a deliberate break with harry winston’s usual modern, yet understated, way of designing its products. this timepiece was not necessarily conceived to be timeless, though it has certainly become legendary thanks to its long road to maturity and the – finally perfected – groundbreaking mechanics.
only in 2010 did harry winston begin delivery of this timepiece, thanks in part to frédéric garinaud (who went on to develop the opus 8) when he was still at renaud et papi.
quick facts opus three
case: 36 x 52.5 x 13.7 mm, platinum or pink gold (25 pieces each), 5 pieces in platinum set with baguette- and brilliant-cut diamonds (4.44 ct)
movement: manually wound movement with two separate gear trains and twin spring barrels
functions: digital display of hours, minutes (countdown of last four seconds to jump), seconds; date (countdown of last four seconds to jump), day/night indication
limitation: 55 pieces
price: original retail price $80,000; most recent auction hammer price was $238,317 (christie’s important watches hong kong, june 2015)
opus 4
heading back into “known” territory, harry winston entered a more traditional cooperative state with christophe claret, who was already working collaboratively in the background on other complicated timepieces such as the histoire de tourbillon. unlike all the other independents that harry winston has worked with on the opus adventure, claret owned a mid-sized company employing close to 100 technicians, watchmakers, and artisans. the other collaborative watchmakers maintained much smaller workshops.
as claret’s specialty is the minute repeater, the opus 4 naturally features an unforgettable example with cathedral gongs – and more: it is displayed together with a manually wound tourbillon on the front, while the back comprises a strikingly large moon phase display with date. to top it all off, the limited edition timepiece with a 53-hour power reserve is housed in a completely reversible case so its owner can wear the timepiece either way up as the mood strikes. eighteen were completed in 44 mm platinum cases, while two unique pieces were offered set with baguette- or princess-cut diamonds.
quick facts opus four
case: 44 mm, platinum, swiveling case so either side can be worn face up (hours and minutes are shown on both sides)
movement: manually wound movement with one-minute tourbillon and 53 hours power reserve
functions: hours, minutes (shown on both back and front), seconds; date; moon phase display; minute repeater (cathedral gong)
limitation: 18 pieces in platinum and two pieces set with baguette- or princess-cut diamonds for a total of 20 pieces
opus 5 / opus v
the 2005 edition of the opus led harry winston back into the quasi-science fiction realm that began with halter’s opus 3. cooperating with one-half of the duo known as urwerk, harry winston and felix baumgartner presented a satellite hour watch reminiscent of the novel timepieces that urwerk produces.
the secret of this watch display lies in three small cubes arranged like satellites that turn and rotate as needed to show the current hour. the numeral currently in use is found at the long end of an arrow that points to the minutes on a scale arched along the left side of the case.
two major elements can also be found on the back of the case: an integrated service indicator to let the wearer know when it is time send the watch in for maintenance and a fine adjustment screw that the wearer can use to adjust the rate by plus or minus thirty seconds.
quick facts opus five
case: 50 mm, pink gold, platinum
movement: manually wound movement with 122 hours power reserve
functions: hours (satellite), minutes (retrograde) on front; power reserve indication, day/night indication, five-year service indication on back
limitation: 45 pieces (pink gold), 45 pieces (platinum), 7 pieces in platinum set with diamonds, 3 pieces in platinum set with baguette-cut diamonds for 100 total pieces
price: most recent auction hammer price was $253,859 (christie’s important watches hong kong, june 2015)
opus 6
though büsser resigned from harry winston in 2005 to start mb&f, his successor hamdi chatti decided to continue the successful series of unique collector’s watches.
opus 6 was created with french-english tourbillon specialists greubel forsey, at the time a small independent brand making a name for itself with complicated, ultra-luxurious timepieces.
what robert greubel has termed “a beautiful adventure” is in reality a watch the duo outfitted with a mechanism they named the emotion 30°. this was a version of the tourbillon movement inclined by thirty degrees that these watchmaker-inventors had long been experimenting with, and it made the opus 6’s visuals seem more like a horological ballet choreographed for its wearer than a tangible timepiece. though it was naturally the latter as well.
translating complexity into mechanical beauty, the opus 6 was available in an extremely limited edition of only six pieces – not unlike greubel forsey’s own output: only about 100 lucky collectors can call a greubel forsey their own each year. and in 2006, greubel forsey was only making perhaps 30 timepieces annually.
quick facts opus six
case: 46 mm, white gold
movement: manually wound emotion 30° movement with two tourbillons (the larger tourbillon revolves in 4 minutes; the smaller tourbillon inside it at a speed of one revolution in one minute) inclined at 30° with 72 hours of power reserve
functions: hours (disc), minutes (disc), seconds (disc)
limitation: 6 pieces
price: most recent auction hammer price was $375,313 (christie’s important watches hong kong, may 2012)
opus 7
lucky number seven was andreas strehler’s venture into harry winston’s world. an independent movement designer watch fans may remember from his work with chronoswiss’s chronoscope and moser’s first perpetual calendar, strehler worked on his opus under the motto, “it’s complicated to be simple.”
what emerged was an unprecedented timepiece with an alternating display showing either hours and minutes or a power reserve indicator. all the wearer has to do is press the crown to transform the display.
strehler’s love of historical artistic movements of art nouveau and art deco inspiration are apparent in the butterfly-shaped bridges of the simple movement – like his own papillon. fortunately, this movement is almost entirely visible as it practically envelops the small dial inside its 45 mm white gold case. the opus 7 was a limited edition of 50 pieces.
quick facts opus seven
case: 45 mm, white gold
movement: manually wound movement with butterfly-shaped skeletonized bridges that can transform the indication shown by pressing a button
functions: hours, minutes; power reserve indication
limitation: 50 pieces
price: most recent auction hammer price was $176,147 (christie’s important watches hong kong, june 2015)
opus 8
frédéric garinaud had an idea: a hybrid timepiece that would bring together complicated mechanics and digital electronics. chatti, however, upon meeting with garinaud in early 2007 presented him with a new challenge: why not transform the hybrid display into a digital display? so what garinaud and his csh (cellule des spécialités horlogères) basically created was a complicated hand-wound mechanical timepiece with the look of circuit-controlled quartz.
forty-four jewels and 437 components attest to its complexity as do functions such as digital hour (am/pm) and minute displays (in segments of five minutes) on the front and a second time zone shown by disc (am/pm hour and five-minute segments) as well as a power reserve indication on the back.
launched just before the great economic crash of 2008, this one was probably not the most popular opus timepiece, but it certainly sparked a great deal of conversation at its introduction.
quick facts opus eight
case: 45.8 x 33.5 mm, white gold
movement: manually wound movement with digital display module and 48 hours power reserve comprising 437 components
functions: digital hours and minutes (shown in 5-minute increments); am/pm indication; power reserve display on back
limitation: 50 pieces
opus 9
an opus as different from the others as day is to night, the ninth in the series was created by watchmaker jean-marc wiederrecht and designer eric giroud – a duo that often continues to work with büsser as well.
on the basis of a hand-wound frédéric piguet movement, wiederrecht created two powerful chains set with harry winston gemstones to show the hours and the minutes in linear fashion – the chain on the right set with baguette-cut diamonds and a single garnet displays the hours, while the chain on the left set with the same constellation of precious stones displays the minutes. the effect is as clean as a regulator.
giroud packed this innovation in an interesting and lavish white gold case enveloped in curved sapphire crystal.
at the 2009 edition of the grand prix d’horlogerie de genève, this watch took home the “design watch” prize.
quick facts opus nine
case: 56 x 48 x 20 mm, white gold
movement: automatic frédéric piguet base movement greatly modified by wiederrecht with 72 hours power reserve
functions: linear hour and minutes
limitation: 100 pieces
price: most recent auction hammer price was $145,063 (christie’s important watches hong kong, june 2015)
opus 10 / opus x
the tenth anniversary of harry winston’s opus series was celebrated by a collaboration with a watchmaker whose name at the time was not yet common in the language of watchmaking: jean-françois mojon and his company chronode work behind the scenes as a complication developer.
moreover, the opus x was really a non-spectacular complication – until one sees it in action, that is.
synchronized rotational motion of disks replaces the traditional fixed hands. mounted on a revolving frame that completes one full rotation in a 24-hour period, each of the slightly inclined subdials (hours, minutes, seconds, second time zone/24-hour display) turns within its own sphere to ensure that orientation remains constant in any position.
seeming almost like a microcosmical solar system, the hand-wound movement is outfitted with a planetary gear train: the displays are located on individual satellite gear wheels that “orbit” around a central wheel.
quick facts opus ten
case: 46 mm, white gold
movement: manually wound movement with 72 hours power reserve
functions: hours, minutes, seconds mounted on a revolving platform; second time zone/24-hour display, linear power reserve indication on back
limitation: 100 pieces
price: most recent auction hammer price was $160,605 (christie’s important watches hong kong, june 2015)
opus 11
the opus 11 was eagerly awaited: by this time the opus was so institutionalized that it was common for collectors and real enthusiasts to run to the harry winston booth straight off upon arriving at baselworld in order to see the next installment.
additionally, harry winston had staged a large celebratory party at its geneva factory in september 2010 celebrating a full decade of the opus series. all of the watchmakers involved in the line were present as was frédéric de narp, various executives from harry winston, and the most important retailers and watch press in the world. the mood was truly celebratory, and i remember quipping at some point in the evening that if a terrorist had decided to blow that beautiful factory up on that day, it would have taken half the luxury watch industry with it!
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əv ɔl ðə θɪŋz tɪ ˌɪnˈsaɪt ðə ˈæŋgər frəm ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈkɑmɛntərz, aɪ θɪŋk stɑrt ðə jɪr wɪθ haɪ skul ˈmæˌskɑt hɑt teɪks. ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ nu ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈdəgləs haɪ skul meɪd ə fju bɪg əˈnaʊnsmɛnts əˈbaʊt ɪts æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈpɑrtmənt. kˈwɑləti kənˈtroʊl koʊʧ braɪən ˈlændɪs wɑz neɪmd ðə hɛd ˈfʊtˌbɔl koʊʧ ənd ðə ˈmæˌskɑt ənd ˈkələr skim wər rɪˈvild. ðə ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈdəgləs ˈstæljənz wɪl wɛr ˈkinələnd grin ənd ˈɔrɪnʤ. ˈɪnstənt riˈækʃən frəm ə ˈnɔrməl ˈpərsən: kɔrs ðeɪ hæd tɪ goʊ wɪθ ðə ˈkinələnd hɔrs θim. ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ ˈmɪsɪŋ ɪz ðə checkerboard.”*.” ˈpipəl ər nɑt ˈhæpi əˈbaʊt ðə ˈnɪkˌneɪm ““stallions,”*,” bət fər ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈrizən. ˈtɔkɪŋ ɪn ˈtɛknɪkəl tərmz, ə ˈstæljən ɪz ən meɪl hɔrs. ðə haɪ skul plænz tɪ juz ˈstæljənz fər ɔl timz, ˈminɪŋ ðə girls’*’ ˈproʊˌgræmz wɪl bi ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd baɪ ə meɪl ˈmæˌskɑt, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ə ˈfiˌmeɪl ɔlˈtərnətɪv laɪk ““fillies”*” ər ““mares.”*.” aɪ ˈkænɑt ˈivɪn bɪˈgɪn tɪ ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnd ðə pərˈspɛktɪv əv ə ˈtiˌneɪʤ gərl, bət aɪ bɛt moʊst ˈtiˌneɪʤ gərlz wʊd prɪˈfər nɑt tɪ bi rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz meɪl horses.”*.” ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈstæljən ɪz ə juˈbɪkwɪtəs, ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪtɪŋ tərm, aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈəˌprɔr. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ˈsəmˌwən wʊd ʧuz ˈstæljən ˈoʊvər mɛr. fju ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈɛriə noʊ wət ə mɛr ɪz. ˌbiˈsaɪdz, wɪn ˈmæˌskɑts ər ˈdɪfərənt fər ənd spɔrts, stəf gɪts ˈstupɪd. ðə ˈbətlər ʃʊd ˈsɪmpli bi ðə bɛrz, nɑt ə meɪd əp wərd ðət saʊnz laɪk ˈsəmθɪŋ ju pʊt ɪn jʊr hɛr. noʊ seɪf səˈluʃən, soʊ aɪ æsk wən ˈsɪmpəl kˈwɛʃən: kən wi stɑp wɪθ ðə hɔrs stəf?
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of all the things to incite the anger from internet commenters, i think we’d start the year with high school mascot hot takes.
yesterday lexington’s new frederick douglass high school made a few big announcements about its athletic department. uk quality control coach brian landis was named the head football coach and the school’s mascot and color scheme were revealed. the frederick douglass stallions will wear keeneland green and orange.
instant reaction from a normal person:of course they had to go with the keeneland horse theme. the only thing missing is the checkerboard.” people are not happy about the nicknamestallions,” but for a different reason.
talking in technical terms, a stallion is an uncastrated male horse. the high school plans to use stallions for all teams, meaning the girls’ programs will be represented by a male mascot, instead of a female alternative likefillies” ormares.”
i cannot even begin to comprehend the perspective of a teenage girl, but i bet most teenage girls would prefer not to be referred to asuncastrated male horses.” even though stallion is a ubiquitous, intimidating term, i understand the uproar.
i also understand why someone would choose stallion over mare. few outside of the area know what a mare is. besides, when mascots are different for men’s and women’s sports, stuff gets stupid. the butler bearettes should simply be the bears, not a made up word that sounds like something you put in your hair.
there’s no safe solution, so i ask one simple question: can we stop with the horse stuff?
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wət du ju nid tɪ du ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ bi rɪʧ ənd səkˈsɛsfəl? ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ hɑrd ɔn ə ˈdeɪli ˈbeɪsɪs ɪˈnəf? wət ɛls kən wi du tɪ lɪv ə ˈwɛlθi laɪf? ˈɛvriˌwən wɔnts tɪ bi ˈwɛlθi, bət nɑt ˈɛvriˌwən noʊ haʊ tɪ bi. səm əv ˈjuˈɛs meɪ bi ˈigər tɪ wərk hɑrd ˈɛvriˈdeɪ, jɛt wi stɪl du nɑt gɪt ɑr ˈlɛvəl əv dɪˈzaɪərd wɛlθ. ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ɪz əˈbaʊt ˈməni, bət hæv ju ˈɛvər kənˈsɪdərd wət wealth”*” ɪz. ðət ɪz ˈlɪvɪŋ ə ˈwɛlθi laɪf. ðɛr ɪz ə ˈmæsɪv dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪtˈwin biɪŋ rɪʧ ənd ˈmɪzərəbəl ənd nɑt soʊ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli strɔŋ jɛt biɪŋ ˈhæpi. tru wɛlθ ɪz mɔr ðən ʤɪst groʊɪŋ jʊr nɛt wərθ. ɪt ɪz ə fækt ðət ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈməni, bət biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ lɪv ə ˈwɛlθi laɪf. ðə dɪˈstɪŋkʃən ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈkrɪtɪkəl. sin rɪʧ ˈpipəl hu ər ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈmɪzərəbli, ənd ðɛn səm pur ˈpipəl hu ər stɪl ˈhæpi. ˈrisərʧ ʃoʊz ðət ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈməni ənd ˈhæpinəs ɪz smɔl. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ər ðə tɛn rulz ðət wɪl hɛlp ju əˈʧiv tru wɛlθ boʊθ ˈpərsənəli ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli. wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ rul 1 gɪt ˈdipli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪz nɑt ˈizi. soʊ fər ðɪs ˈrizən ɪt bɪˈkəmz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ hæv ə bɪg ˈrizən waɪ ju wɔnt tɪ kriˈeɪt wɛlθ. ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn θɪŋz laɪk kɑz, ˈhɑləˌdeɪz, bɪg ˈhaʊsɪz ˌɛtˈsɛtərə ɛz ðɛr motivators*, bət ðiz θɪŋz ər ɪkˈstərnəl tɪ ju ɛz ə ˈpərsən. wəns ðeɪ hæv bɪn əˈteɪnd, wət ɪz lɛft tɪ draɪv ju ˈfɔrwərd. tɪ səkˈsid ɪn ˈbɪldɪŋ wɛlθ, ju ʃʊd bi ˈdrɪvən wɪθ jʊr ˌɪnˈtərnəl goʊlz ənd dɪg ˈdipər ðən ʤɪst ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə ɪkˈstərnəl ˈtræpɪŋz əv wɛlθ. ju wɔnt ə kɔz ðət wɪl brɪŋ ə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən tɪ jʊr laɪf ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər ənd draɪv ju dip ɪˈnəf tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ɔl ðə ˈɑbstəkəlz ðət stænd bɪtˈwin ju ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈfridəm. səm ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv ˌɪnˈtərnəl goʊlz meɪ bi θɪŋz laɪk:- ˈfridəm frəm ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈprɛʃərz ənd ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ du wət ˈɛvər ju wɔnt wɪn ˈɛvər ju wɔnt ˈpərsɪnəl groʊθ, ʤɪm rɑn sɛd ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈvælju ɪn laɪf ɪz nɑt wət ju gɪt. ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈvælju ɪn laɪf ɪz wət ju bɪˈkəm. bi ðə taɪp əv ˈpərsən ðət noʊz haʊ tɪ kriˈeɪt greɪt wɛlθ ˈizəli. ðɛn ju ˈrɪli hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ. bi ðə taɪp əv ˈpərsən ðət noʊz haʊ tɪ kriˈeɪt greɪt wɛlθ ˈizəli. ðɛn ju ˈrɪli hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ. kriˈeɪt ju oʊn ˈʧɛrɪti, ðə mɔr ðət ju hæv ðə mɔr ðət ju ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ gɪv. wət ˈbɛtər weɪ tɪ juz wɛlθ ðən tɪ juz ɪt fər ðə ˈkɔzɪz ðət ju fil ˈpæʃənətli əˈbaʊt. ju wɪl ˈʃʊrli ɪnˈkaʊnər ə lɔt əv ˈprɑbləmz ðət ju məst ˈoʊvərˌkəm əˈlɔŋ jʊr ˈʤərni tɪ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl wɛlθ ənd ˈfridəm. ju wɪl peɪ ˈʃʊrli peɪ ðə praɪs wəns ju riʧ jʊr goʊl. tɪ steɪ ðə kɔrs lɔŋ ɪˈnəf tɪ səkˈsid, ju məst bi ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd baɪ ə kəˈmɪtmənt ðət rənz ˈdipər ðən ʤɪst ðə ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl ðət ˈməni kən baɪ. wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ rul 2 lɪv wɪθ 100 ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ju hæv tɪ lɪv wɪθ ˈjɔrsɛlf æt ɔl taɪmz. ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈʃɔrtˌkəts ər ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ˈəðərz meɪ muv ju əˈhɛd ɪn ðə ʃɔrt tərm, bət jʊr səbˈkɑnʃəs wɪl ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ lɛt ɪt goʊ. əˈspɛʃəli ɪf ju noʊ ðət ju dɪd ðə rɔŋ θɪŋ. ðɪs ˈkɑnstənt maɪnd ˈʧætər wɪl wɛr ju daʊn ˈoʊvər taɪm ənd meɪ kɔz ju tɪ ɛnd əp biɪŋ ɪn ə wərs pleɪs ðən ˌbiˈfɔr ju ˈstɑrtɪd. kɔz hɑrm, ɪnˈkroʊʧ ɔn ˈprɑpərti, ˈvaɪəleɪt ˈmɔrəl lɔ, ər ˈdæmɪʤ ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. laɪ, ˌɪnˈsəlt, ər ʧit ɪn pərˈsut əv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl wɛlθ. ðə rul ɪz ˈsɪmpəl: ɪf ɪt fil raɪt ðɛn ɪt ˈprɑbəˌbli. ɪf ju fil ˈkəmfərtəbəl ˈtɛlɪŋ jʊr spaʊs, ˈʧɪldrən, ənd ˈpɛrənts wət ju ər duɪŋ, ðɛn ju ˈprɑbəˌbli du ɪt. ˈnɛvər du ər seɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət meɪk jʊr ˈməðər ənd ˈfɑðər praʊd. wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ rul 3 bi kərˈeɪʤəs ənˈfɔrʧənətli moʊst ˈpipəl du nɑt əˈteɪn greɪt wɛlθ. soʊ ðɛr ɪz ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl tɪ bi geɪn baɪ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə pæk. tru wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ stɑrts wɪn ju ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ə ˈdɪfərənt pæθ ənd tɪ du ɪt wɪθ kənˈvɪkʃən. ɪt teɪks kərɪʤ tɪ bi ə ənd bi self-responsible*. ɪt teɪks kərɪʤ tɪ wɔk nu pæθs ənd dɪˈvɛləp nu skɪlz. ɪt teɪks kərɪʤ tɪ stænd aʊt frəm ðə kraʊd. ɪt teɪks kərɪʤ tɪ pʊt aʊt ðə ˈɛkstrə ˈɛfərt wɪn ˈəðərz. ɪn ʃɔrt, ɪt teɪks kərɪʤ tɪ bɪld wɛlθ. ɪt meɪ bi tru ðət ðə neɪl ðət stændz əp ɪz ðə neɪl ðət gɪts ˈhæmərd daʊn, bət ɪt ɪz ˈikwəli tru ðət ðə neɪl ðət ˈnɛvər gɑt ˈdrɪvən ɪz ðə neɪl ðət fʊlˈfɪl ɪts ˈpərpəs. lɪv wɪθ kərɪʤ soʊ ju kən lɪv ˈfʊli ənd ɪkˈspɪriəns tru wɛlθ. wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ rul 4 gɪv mɔr ˈvælju ðən ju teɪk ˈædɪŋ ˈvælju tɪ ðə wərld baɪ ˈgɪvɪŋ mɔr ðən ju rɪˈsiv meɪks ˈɛvriˌwən ˈbɛtər ɔf. ðət ɪz haʊ ju bɪld tru wɛlθ. ju ˌɪmˈpruv lɪvz baɪ ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ jʊr oʊn. ɪt meɪks sɛns, ɪf ju ər ɪn ˈbɪznɪs ənd sɛl ə ˈprɑdəkt ðət kriˈeɪts ˈmæsɪv ˈvælju fər ðə ˈpərʧəsər, ðeɪ ər goʊɪŋ tɪ wɔnt tɪ baɪ mɔr ənd tɪ rɪˈfər ˈəðər ˈpipəl tɪ ju. ɪn ˈsɪmpəl tərmz ðə mɔr ju kən sɛl ðə mɔr wɛlθ ju kən kriˈeɪt. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd ɪf ju du nɑt kriˈeɪt mɔr ˈvælju fər ðə ˈpərʧəsər ðɛn ðeɪ wɪl nɑt baɪ əˈgɛn ənd wɪl nɑt rɪˈfər ˈəðərz tɪ ju. ðɪs wɪl rɪˈdus ðə wɛlθ ðət ju wɪl əˈkjumjəˌleɪt. ðə seɪm əˈplaɪz ɪn ə ʤɑb ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɛz wɛl ɛz moʊst ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn laɪf. baɪ ˈgɪvɪŋ mɔr ˈvælju ðən ju rɪˈsiv, səkˈsɛs bɪˈkəmz ə ˈmɛʒər əv haʊ məʧ ju hæv ˈgɪvɪn. ðə ˈwɛlθiər ju bɪˈkəm, ðə mɔr ju ər ˈgɪvɪŋ tɪ ˈəðərz. ɪt ɪz ə rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ weɪ tɪ lɪv. wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ rul 5 əˈvɔɪd kənˈspɪkjuəs kənˈsəmʃən ju ˈɔlˌweɪz hæv ˈʧɔɪsɪz, kənˈsəmʃən təˈdeɪ ər ˈbɪldɪŋ wɛlθ fər jʊr fˈjuʧər ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl. ðə ˌriˈæləˌti ɪz ðət wɛlθ ɪz ən ˈækʧəwəl fɔrm əv dɪˈleɪ ɪn ˌgrætəfəˈkeɪʃən. tru wɛlθ ˈbɪldərz tɛnd tɪ lɪv ˈmɑdəstli ənd ˈhəmbli baɪ ˈspɛndɪŋ lɛs ðən ðeɪ kən ˈrɪli əˈfɔrd, soʊ ðət ðeɪ kən ˌɪnˈvɛst ðə ˈdɪfərəns fər ˈgreɪtər ˈvælju ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. ðeɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ˈhæpinəs rɪˈzəlt frəm məˈtɪriəl ˈtræpɪŋz əv wɛlθ, bɪˈkəz ðət wʊd ˈoʊnli kip ðɛm frəm fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ ðə ˈdipər kɔz ðət draɪvz ðɛm tɪ səkˈsɛs. ðiz tru wɛlθ ˈbɪldərz hæv faʊnd əˈweɪ tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ðɛr ˈgreɪtəst ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən ɪz ðət əv ˈbɪldɪŋ wɛlθ ˈɛvəri deɪ ju meɪk ə ʧɔɪs bɪtˈwin kənˈsəmʃən təˈdeɪ ər wɛlθ fər təˈmɑˌroʊ. wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ rul 6 bi ˈdɪsəplənd ðɛr ɪt ɪz ðət wərd ““discipline”*”, fər ˈmɛni ɪt həz ˈnɛgətɪv ˌkɑnəˈteɪʃənz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər fər ðoʊz ðət hæv ˈmæstərd ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd kriˈeɪtɪd ˈpɑzətɪv ˈhæbəts ðeɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ““discipline”*” ˈæˌkʧuəli sɛts ðɛm fri. wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈbɪldɪŋ greɪt wɛlθ, ˈseɪvɪŋ, ˌriɪnˈvɛstɪŋ, ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ, ənd groʊɪŋ jʊr ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ənd ˈbɪznɪs ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ər ɔl ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈhæbəts əv wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ ðət ʃʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər jʊr kənˈsɪstənt ənd pərˈsɪstənt ˈɛfərt. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ dɪz ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈdɪsəplən. ɪt ɪz ðə ˈsɪmpəl ˈdeɪli ˈhæbəts ðət ju əˈdɑpt ðət wɪl dɪˈtərmən jʊr ˈlɛvəl əv səkˈsɛs. ðoʊz smɔl ækts ðət ər kənˈsɪstəntli dən ðət kip ˈædɪŋ əp soʊ ðət ˈoʊvər taɪm ðeɪ ˈkɑmpaʊnd ˈɪntu ˈsəmθɪŋ mægˈnɪfɪsənt. ðə greɪt nuz ɪz ðət ju kən stɑrt raɪt naʊ. ɪt dɪz teɪk ˈdɪsəplən tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm prəˌkræstəˈneɪʃən baɪ ˈstɑrtɪŋ təˈdeɪ ənd pərˈsɪstɪŋ təˈmɑˌroʊ. soʊ hir ɪz jʊr ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ teɪk ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈækʃən. wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ rul 7 bɪld səˈpɔrtɪv ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts ˈmɛni ˈpipəl straɪv tɪ əˈʧiv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns, jɛt moʊst feɪl tɪ gɪt ðɛr ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪz ˈvɛri pərˈsɪstənt, kənˈsɪstənt, ənd ˈfoʊkɪst ˈækʃən. ɑr laɪf prəˈvaɪdz ən ˈɛndləs strim əv dɪˈstrækʃənz tɪ saɪd træk jʊr laɪf plænz ənd plænz fər wɛlθ (ˈɛvər hərd əv ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən). ðə ˈoʊnli səˈluʃən ɪz tɪ kriˈeɪt ə səˈpɔrt ˈsɪstəm ðət wɪl hɛlp kip ju ˈfoʊkɪst, kip ju ɔn træk, ənd wɪl ˈlɪtərəli drɔ ju təˈwɔrdz ðə wɛlθ ju dɪˈzaɪər. jʊr ˈfæməli riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, wərk ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, ˈmærətəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps, ˈdeɪli ˈrɪʧuəlz, ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈhæbəts nid tɪ bi dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ pʊl ju təˈwɔrdz wɛlθ baɪ ˌriɪnˈfɔrsɪŋ ənd səˈpɔrtɪŋ jʊr plænz. ju ʃʊd ˈstrəkʧər jʊr laɪf tɪ səˈpɔrt ə ˈwɛlθi ˈaʊtˌkəm. ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðət wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ bɪˈkəmz ðə pæθ əv list rɪˈzɪstəns. wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ rul 8 əˈplaɪ ˈlɛvərɪʤ tɪ bɪld wɛlθ ˈlɛvərɪʤ ɪz ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl ðət wɪl ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ðoʊz hu kən səkˈsɛsfəli əˈteɪn wɛlθ frəm ðoʊz hu. ɪf ju ər nɑt ˈjuzɪŋ ˈlɛvərɪʤ, ðɛn ˈmeɪbi ˈwərkɪŋ ˈhɑrdər ðən ju ʃʊd bi, tɪ ərn lɛs ðən ju ˈrɪli dɪˈzərv ənd ðət ˈrɪli goʊɪŋ tɪ meɪk ju ˈwɛlθi æt ɔl. ˈbɪldɪŋ jʊr wɛlθ rikˈwaɪərz ju tɪ wərk sˈmɑrtər, ˈrəðər ðən ˈwərkɪŋ ˈhɑrdər baɪ əˈplaɪɪŋ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv ˈlɛvərɪʤ: ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈlɛvərɪʤ: ˈəðər ˈməni soʊ ðət ju ər nɑt ˈlɪmɪtɪd baɪ jʊr oʊn ˈrisɔrsɪz. ɔˈstreɪljən bæŋks ər ˈhæpi tɪ lɛnd ju ˈməni ɪf ju kən ʃoʊ ðɛm waɪ ɪt ɪz wərθ waɪl. taɪm ˈlɛvərɪʤ: ˈəðər taɪm soʊ ðət ju ər nɑt ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ 24 aʊərz ɪn ə deɪ. ˈbɪznɪs ˈoʊnərz noʊ ðə ˈvælju əv ðɪs, ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈoʊnər ˈsɪmpli du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ hæv ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈɔpərˌeɪt ˈifɛktɪvli. ˈsɪstəmz ənd tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈlɛvərɪʤ: ju kən ˈəðər ˈsɪstəmz ənd tɛkˈnɑləʤi soʊ ðət ju kən gɪt mɔr dən wɪθ lɛs ˈɛfərt. ðɪs ɪz kɔld ɔn ðə ˈʃoʊldərz əv giants”*”. ˈmɑrkɪt ˈlɛvərɪʤ: ðɪs ɪz ˈəðər ˈmægəˌzinz, ˈnuzˌlɛtərz, ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ʃoʊz, ənd ˈdætəˌbeɪsɪz soʊ ðət ju kən kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt tɪ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl wɪθ noʊ mɔr ˈɛfərt ðən ɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt ˌwənɔnˈwən. ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈlɛvərɪʤ: ˈəðər ˈpipəl meɪ hæv ˈrisɔrsɪz ənd kəˈnɛkʃənz ðət ju hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ. baɪ ˈtæpɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈnɛtˌwərk ju kən ɪkˈspænd bɪɔnd jʊr oʊn. ˈnɑlɪʤ ˈlɛvərɪʤ: ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ noʊ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈɛni ˈtɑpɪk lɛt əˈloʊn ˈɛvəri ˈtɑpɪk. ˈəðər ˈtælənts, ˌɛkspərˈtiz, ənd ɪkˈspɪriəns kən bi ˈækˌsɛst soʊ ðət ju kən ˈgreɪtər ˈnɑlɪʤ ðən ju wɪl ˈɛvər pəˈzɛs. ˈlɛvərɪʤ əˈlaʊz ju tɪ bɪld mɔr wɛlθ ðən ju kʊd ˈɛvər əˈʧiv əˈloʊn baɪ ˈrisɔrsɪz ðət ɪkˈstɛnd bɪɔnd jʊr oʊn. ɪt əˈlaʊz ju tɪ groʊ wɛlθ wɪˈθaʊt biɪŋ riˈstrɪktɪd baɪ jʊr ˈpərsɪnəl ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz. ɛz ə ˈprɑpərti ˌɪnˈvɛstər ju gɪt ðɪs. fər ˈoʊnli ə smɔl dɪˈpɑzət ər ˈivɪn noʊ kæʃ daʊn ju kən oʊn ən ˈæˌsɛt wərθ ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈdɔlərz. wɪn ɪt ˈraɪzɪz ɪn ˈvælju, ðət ˈkæpɪtəl groʊθ ɪz jʊrz. wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ rul 9 trit jʊr wɛlθ laɪk ə ˈbɪznɪs (bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz) dɪˈzaɪn ə wɛlθ plæn beɪst ɔn jʊr ˈpruvən wɛlθ ˈprɪnsəpəlz ðət lɛd tɪ səkˈsɛs. ðiz ˈprɪnsəpəlz meɪ ˌɪnˈklud ˈlɛvərɪʤ, kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ædˈvæntɪʤ, ˈækjərət ˈrɛkərd ˈkipɪŋ, ənd accountability–*– ʤɪst tɪ neɪm ə fju. ʤɪst laɪk ə ˈbɪznɪs ju ʃʊd ˈoʊnli ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðoʊz θɪŋz ðət ju laɪk ənd ər gʊd æt, ju kən gɪt ˈəðər ˈpipəl tɪ hɛlp ju lʊk ˈæftər ɔl əv ðət stəf ðət ju greɪt æt. rən jʊr kæʃ laɪk ə ˈbɪznɪs, bɪˈkəz ðət ɪz ɪgˈzæktli wət ɪt ɪz: jʊr ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈmænɪʤmənt business”*”. wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ rul 10 stuərd jʊr wɛlθ ðə wən ˈtruɪzəm əv ˈməni ənd wɛlθ ɪz ðət ɪt ɪz ˈoʊnli ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri θɪŋ. ʤɪst laɪk ju ər ˈoʊnli ɔn ðɪs ərθ fər ə ʃɔrt ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm, jʊr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ kənˈtroʊl jʊr wɛlθ ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd, ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt məst bi pæst ɔn fər ˈəðərz tɪ juz. ðə fækt ðət ju ˈsɪmpli teɪk ɪt wɪθ ju minz ðət ˈɛni wɛlθ ðət ju kriˈeɪt ɪz ə gɪft tɪ bi ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ˈəðərz. ðə bɛst pɑrt ɪz ðət ju gɪt tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd wət wɪl ˈhæpən tɪ jʊr wɛlθ. θru ðə ˈlɛgəsi əv jʊr wɛlθ, ju hæv ə greɪt ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ blɛs jʊr laɪf ənd jʊr oʊn laɪf naʊ ənd ˈɪntu ðə fˈjuʧər. ju wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ səˈpɔrt ˈʧɛrɪtiz ənd ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz ðət ju bɪˈliv wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ du gʊd wɛl ˈɪntu ðə fˈjuʧər. wət ə ˈwəndərfəl θɔt. ðə ˈbɪgəst mɪˈsteɪk əˈkərz wɪn ə ˈpərsən həz feɪld tɪ əreɪnʤ ðɛmˈsɛlvz soʊ ðət ðɛr wɛlθ ɪz nɑt pæst tɪ ðə ˈpipəl ənd ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz ðət wɪl ˈbɛnəfɪt moʊst frəm ðə wɛlθ ðeɪ hæv bɪlt. ɪn summary…*… ðɛr ər tɛn ki wɛlθ ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈprɪnsəpəlz ðət lɛd tɪ tru wɛlθ, nɑt ʤɪst ˈmɑnəˌtɛri wɛlθ. ðə əˈbʤɛktɪv ɪz nɑt ʤɪst tɪ bɪˈkəm rɪʧ, bət tɪ bɪld ə ˈbælənst, fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ, ˈhɛlθi laɪf. ðiz tɛn ki ˈprɪnsəpəlz wɪl hɛlp kip ju ɔn træk: bɪld wɛlθ fər ə dip kɔz: ˈməni əˈloʊn ɪz tu ˈʃæloʊ ə goʊl tɪ ˈmoʊtəˌveɪt ju tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ɔl ðə ˈɑbstəkəlz ðət stænd bɪtˈwin ju ənd wɛlθ. wɪn ju faɪnd ə ˈdipər goʊl laɪk ˈfridəm, groʊθ, ˌkrieɪˈtɪvəti, ər ˈʧɛrɪti, ðɛn ju wɪl hæv ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən tɪ pərˈsɪst ənd səkˈsid. lɪv wɪθ 100 ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti: ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti ɪz ˌnɑnəˈgoʊʃəbəl bɪˈkəz noʊ əˈmaʊnt əv ˈməni kən ˌriˈpleɪs ə gʊd slip, ə klɪr ˈkɑnʃəns, ənd ə ˈpisfəl maɪnd. bi kərˈeɪʤəs: wɛlθ rɪˈzəlts frəm duɪŋ wət ˈəðərz soʊ ju kən hæv wət ˈəðərz ˈnɛvər wɪl. gɪv mɔr ˈvælju ðən ju teɪk: wɪn ju gɪv ˈvælju ðən jʊr ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl səkˈsɛs bɪˈkəmz ə ˈmɛʒər əv haʊ məʧ ju hæv ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðə wərld. ɪt ɪz ə ˈsætɪsˌfaɪɪŋ weɪ tɪ lɪv. əˈvɔɪd kənˈspɪkjuəs kənˈsəmʃən: ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ˈɛvər spɛnt ðɛr weɪ tɪ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈfridəm. ˈɛvəri deɪ ju meɪk ə ʧɔɪs bɪtˈwin kənˈsəmʃən təˈdeɪ ər wɛlθ fər təˈmɑˌroʊ. bi ˈdɪsəplənd: laɪf wɪl kənˈspaɪər tɪ dɪˈstrækt ju frəm əˈʧivɪŋ jʊr goʊl soʊ ðət ˈoʊnli ðə ˈdɪsəplənd wɪl steɪ ðə kɔrs wɪθ ə kənˈsɪstənt ɪˈnəf ˈækʃən tɪ gɪt rɪˈzəlts. bɪld səˈpɔrtɪv ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts: ðə pæθ əv list rɪˈzɪstəns tɪ wɛlθ ɪz peɪvd baɪ səˈpɔrtɪv ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts ðət ˈlɪtərəli pʊl ju təˈwɔrd ðə goʊl. əˈplaɪ ˈlɛvərɪʤ: ˈlɛvərɪʤ ɪz wət ˈsɛpərˌeɪts ðoʊz hu əˈʧiv wɛlθ frəm ðoʊz hu bɪˈkəz ju riʧ ðə goʊl baɪ ˈtreɪdɪŋ taɪm fər ˈməni ənd ju du ɪt ɔl ˈjɔrsɛlf. ju nid ˈlɛvərɪʤ. trit jʊr wɛlθ laɪk ə ˈbɪznɪs: ɛz ə wɛlθ ˈbɪldər ju ər ɪn ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈmænɪʤmənt, ˈbɪznɪs ənd məst ˈmænɪʤ jʊr nɛt wərθ, ʤɪst laɪk ən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈmænɪʤɪz ə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈbɪznɪs. stuərd jʊr wɛlθ: ˈməni ɪz ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ə tul ðət kəmz wɪθ ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ juz ɪt ˈwaɪzli. ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ ju pəˈzɛs, bət ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ˈpæsɪz θru ju ənd məst bi ˈgɪvɪn bæk. ˈfɑloʊ ðiz tɛn səkˈsɛs ˈprɪnsəpəlz ənd ju wɪl bi ɔn ðə pæθ tɪ tru wɛlθ. aɪ wʊd laɪk tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ tɑd frəm ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈmɛnˌtɔr fər hɪz ˈpaʊərfəl ˈɪnˌsaɪts.
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what do you need to do in order to be rich and successful? is working hard on a daily basis enough? what else can we do to live a wealthy life?
everyone wants to be wealthy, but not everyone know how to be. some of us may be eager to work hard everyday, yet we still do not get our level of desired wealth. financial independence is about money, but have you ever considered what “true wealth” is. that is living a wealthy life.
there is a massive distinction between being rich and miserable and not so financially strong yet being happy.
true wealth is more than just growing your net worth. it is a fact that financial independence will always be all about money, but being able to live a wealthy life isn’t. the distinction is always critical.
we’ve seen rich people who are living miserably, and then some poor people who are still happy. research shows that the relationship between money and happiness is small.
following are the ten rules that will help you achieve true wealth both personally and financially.
wealth building rule 1: get deeply motivated
wealth building is not easy. so for this reason it becomes important to have a big reason why you want to create wealth.
many people focus on things like cars, holidays, big houses etc as their motivators, but these things are external to you as a person. once they have been attained, what is left to drive you forward.
to succeed in building wealth, you should be driven with your internal goals and dig deeper than just enjoy the external trappings of wealth. you want a cause that will bring a transformation to your life in the future and drive you deep enough to overcome all the obstacles that stand between you and financial freedom.
some examples of internal goals may be things like:-
freedom from financialessures and the ability to do what ever you want when ever you want
personal growth, jim rohn said “ the major value in life is not what you get. the major value in life is what you become. ” be the type of person that knows how to create great wealth easily. then you really have something.
” be the type of person that knows how to create great wealth easily. then you really have something. create you own charity, the more that you have the more that you are able to give. what better way to use wealth than to use it for the causes that you feel passionately about.
you will surely encounter a lot ofoblems that you must overcome along your journey to financial wealth and freedom. you will pay surely pay theice once you reach your goal.
to stay the course long enough to succeed, you must be motivated by a commitment that runs deeper than just the lifestyle that money can buy.
wealth building rule 2: live with 100% integrity
remember that you have to live with yourself at all times. taking shortcuts or advantage of others may move you ahead in the short term, but your subconscious will refuse to let it go. especially if you know that you did the wrong thing. this constant mind chatter will wear you down over time and may cause you to end up being in a worse place than before you started.
don’t cause harm, encroach on other’soperty, violate moral law, or damage the environment. don’t lie, insult, or cheat in pursuit of financial wealth.
the rule is simple: if it doesn’t feel right then itobably isn’t. if you don’t feel comfortable telling your spouse, children, and parents what you are doing, then youobably shouldn’t do it.
never do or say anything that wouldn’t make your mother and fatheroud.
wealth building rule 3: be courageous
unfortunately most people do not attain great wealth. so there is very little to be gain by following the pack. true wealth building starts when you decide to follow a different path and to do it with conviction.
it takes courage to be a self-starter and be self-responsible. it takes courage to walk new paths and develop new skills. it takes courage to stand out from the crowd. it takes courage to put out the extra effort when others don’t. in short, it takes courage to build wealth.
it may be true that the nail that stands up is the nail that gets hammered down, but it is equally true that the nail that never got driven is the nail that didn’t fulfill its purpose. live with courage so you can live fully and experience true wealth.
wealth building rule 4: give more value than you take
adding value to the world by giving more than you receive makes everyone better off. that is how you build true wealth. you improve other’s lives by improving your own.
it makes sense, if you are in business and sell aoduct that creates massive value for the purchaser, they are going to want to buy more and to refer other people to you. in simple terms the more you can sell the more wealth you can create. on the other hand if you do not create more value for the purchaser then they will not buy again and will not refer others to you. this will reduce the wealth that you will accumulate.
the same applies in a job situation as well as most situation in life.
by giving more value than you receive, success becomes a measure of how much you have given. the wealthier you become, the more you are giving to others. it is a rewarding way to live.
wealth building rule 5: avoid conspicuous consumption
you always have choices, consumption today or building wealth for your future lifestyle. the reality is that wealth is an actual form of delay in gratification.
true wealth builders tend to live modestly and humbly by spending less than they can really afford, so that they can invest the difference for greater value in the future. they understand that happiness doesn’t result from material trappings of wealth, because that would only keep them from fulfilling the deeper cause that drives them to success.
these true wealth builders have found away to ensure that their greatest motivation is that of building wealth
every day you make a choice between consumption today or wealth for tomorrow.
wealth building rule 6: be disciplined
there it is that word “discipline”, for many it has negative connotations. however for those that have mastered themselves and created positive habits they understand that “discipline” actually sets them free.
when it comes to building great wealth, saving, reinvesting, investing, and growing your financial and business intelligence are all necessary habits of wealth building that should require your consistent and persistent effort.
in other words, wealth building does require discipline.
it is the simple daily habits that you adopt that will determine your level of success. those small acts that are consistently done that keep adding up so that over time they compound into something magnificent.
the great news is that you can start right now. it does take discipline to overcomeocrastination by starting today and persisting tomorrow. so here is your opportunity to take immediate action.
wealth building rule 7: build supportive environments
many people strive to achieve financial independence, yet most fail to get there
the difference is very persistent, consistent, and focused action. our lifeovides an endless stream of distractions to side track your life plans and plans for wealth (ever heard of tv). the only solution is to create a support system that will help keep you focused, keep you on track, and will literally draw you towards the wealth you desire.
your family relationship, work environment, marital relationships, daily rituals, financial habits need to beo-actively designed to pull you towards wealth by reinforcing and supporting your plans.
you should structure your life to support a wealthy outcome. ensuring that wealth building becomes the path of least resistance.
wealth building rule 8: apply leverage to build wealth
leverage is theinciple that will separate those who can successfully attain wealth from those who don’t. if you are not using leverage, then you’re maybe working harder than you should be, to earn less than you really deserve and that really isn’t going to make you wealthy at all.
building your wealth requires you to work smarter, rather than working harder by applying the followinginciples of leverage:
financial leverage: other people’s money so that you are not limited by your own resources. australian banks are happy to lend you money if you can show them why it is worth while.
time leverage: other people’s time so that you are not limited to 24 hours in a day. business owners know the value of this, a restaurant owner simply can’t do everything necessary to have the restaurant operate effectively.
systems and technology leverage: you can utilise other people’s systems and technology so that you can get more done with less effort. this is called “standing on the shoulders of giants”.
market leverage: this is utilising other people’s magazines, newsletters, radio shows, and databases so that you can communicate to many people with no more effort than is required to communicate one-on-one.
network leverage: other people may have resources and connections that you don’t have access to. by tapping into another’s network you can expand beyond your own.
knowledge leverage: it is not possible to know everything about any topic let alone every topic. other people’s talents, expertise, and experience can be accessed so that you can utilise greater knowledge than you will ever possess.
leverage allows you to build more wealth than you could ever achieve alone by utilising resources that extend beyond your own. it allows you to grow wealth without being restricted by your personal limitations.
as aoperty investor you get this. for only a small deposit or even no cash down you can own an asset worth hundreds of thousands of dollars. when it rises in value, that capital growth is yours.
wealth building rule 9: treat your wealth like a business (because it is)
design a wealth plan based on youroven wealthinciples that lead to success.
theseinciples may include leverage, competitive advantage, accurate record keeping, and accountability– just to name a few. just like a business you should only focus on those things that you like and are good at, you can get other people to help you look after all of that stuff that you aren’t great at.
run your cash like a business, because that is exactly what it is: your “personal financial management business”.
wealth building rule 10: steward your wealth
the one truism of money and wealth is that it is only a temporary thing. just like you are only on this earth for a short period of time, your ability to control your wealth is limited, before it must be passed on for others to use.
the fact that you simply can’t take it with you means that any wealth that you create is a gift to be given to others.
the best part is that you get to decide what will happen to your wealth. through the legacy of your wealth, you have a great opportunity to bless your family’s life and your own life now and into the future. you will also be able to support charities and organisations that you believe will be able to do good well into the future. what a wonderful thought.
the biggest mistake occurs when a person has failed to arrange themselves so that their wealth is not passed to the people and organisations that will benefit most from the wealth they have built.
in summary…
there are ten key wealth buildinginciples that lead to true wealth, not just monetary wealth. the objective is not just to become rich, but to build a balanced, fulfilling, healthy life.
these ten keyinciples will help keep you on track:
build wealth for a deep cause: money alone is too shallow a goal to motivate you to overcome all the obstacles that stand between you and wealth. when you find a deeper goal like freedom, growth, creativity, or charity, then you will have the internal motivation to persist and succeed. live with 100% integrity: integrity is non-negotiable because no amount of money can replace a good night’s sleep, a clear conscience, and a peaceful mind. be courageous: wealth results from doing what others won’t so you can have what others never will. give more value than you take: when you give value than your financial success becomes a measure of how much you have given to the world. it is a satisfying way to live. avoid conspicuous consumption: nobody ever spent their way to financial freedom. every day you make a choice between consumption today or wealth for tomorrow. be disciplined: life will conspire to distract you from achieving your goal so that only the disciplined will stay the course with a consistent enough action to get results. build supportive environments: the path of least resistance to wealth is paved by supportive environments that literally pull you toward the goal. apply leverage: leverage is what separates those who achieve wealth from those who don’t because you can’t reach the goal by trading time for money and you can’t do it all yourself. you need leverage. treat your wealth like a business: as a wealth builder you are in the personal financial management, business and must manage your net worth, just like an executive manages a successful business. steward your wealth: money is little more than a tool that comes with the responsibility to use it wisely. it is not something you possess, but something that passes through you and must be given back. follow these ten successinciples and you will be on the path to true wealth.
i would like to acknowledge todd tresidder from financial mentor for his powerful insights.
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ðɪs taɪm læst jɪr, krɪs wɑz ˈklaɪmɪŋ haɪ., ˈkjʊrətər əv ˈmæməlz æt ðə smɪθˈsoʊniən ˈnæʃənəl mˈjuziəm əv ˈnæʧərəl ˈhɪstəri (nmnh*) ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ˌdiˈsi, wɑz əˈbaʊt tɪ lɛd ə tim əv ˈsaɪəntɪsts əp ˈɛmˈti. ˈkɛnjə, ðə ˈsɛkənd haɪəst ˈmaʊntən ɪn ˈæfrɪkɑ ˈæftər ˌkɪləmənˈʤɑroʊ. ðə tim wɑz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈfʊtˌstɛps əv ˈθiəˌdɔr ˈruzəˌvɛlt, huz greɪt ist ˈæfrɪkɑ ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən əv baɪ ðə smɪθˈsoʊniən, ˈgæðərd səm ˈnæʧərəl ˈhɪstəri ˈspɛsəmənz fər ðə mˈjuziəm. ɪt wɑz ən æmˈbɪʃəs, səm seɪ ɑˈdeɪʃəs, ˈprɑʤɛkt. bət təˈdeɪ, hu wɑz wən əv ðə ˈfæstəst ˈraɪzɪŋ jəŋ stɑrz ɪn mammalogy*, ɪz ɪn ˈdeɪnʤər əv ˈluzɪŋ hɪz ʤɑb. ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1st*, ˈæftər ə ˈlɛŋθi ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ˈʧɑrʤɪz ðət hi hæd ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈrisərʧ mɪˈskɑndəkt waɪl ɪn ˈkɛnjə, dɪˈpɑrtmənt ʧɛr ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ðət hi bi faɪərd. tɪ səm ˈrisərʧərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ səm wɪˈθɪn ðə mˈjuziəm, ðɪs ˈdræstɪk kənˈkluʒən məst min ðət dɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈsɪriəsli rɔŋ. bət tɪ ˈəðərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ hɪz ˈmɛni dɪˈfɛndərz, ðə əˈfɛr ɪz ən ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈlɛsən ɪn wət ˈhæpənz wɪn ə braɪt jəŋ ˈpərsən ɪn ˈɛni prəˈfɛʃən ˈraɪzɪz tu fæst ənd ˈʧælənʤɪz ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz wɪθ ɪnˈtrɛnʧt ˈbjʊrəˌkræts, laɪk ðə smɪθˈsoʊniən ənd ðə. "wət ˈhæpənz wɪn ðə ˈjəŋgər ˈsaɪəntɪst ɔˈrɛdi həz mɔr əˈkɑmplɪʃmənts ðən hɪz məʧ ˈoʊldər ˈsinjərz?" æsks wən ˈsaɪəntɪst hu æst nɑt tɪ bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd. "ðə mˈjuziəm həz ˈətərli feɪld krɪs." ˈsərtənli, ðæts nɑt haʊ ənd hɪz ˈmɛni ədˈmaɪrərz ɪkˈspɛktɪd θɪŋz tɪ tərn aʊt. ðə jəŋ ˈrisərʧər wɑz ɔˈrɛdi wɛl noʊn fər ˈnumərəs ˈmæməl dɪˈskəvəriz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl frəm saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə, ənd wɑz ə ˈvɛtərən əv ˈmɛni ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃənz. ənd hɪz əˈmɛrɪkən ənd ˈkɛnjən kəˈlæbərˌeɪtərz hæd spɛnt tu jɪrz ˈplænɪŋ ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈruzəˌvɛlt resurvey*, nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ ə ˈθɪkɪt əv ˈkɛnjən lɔz ənd ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə kəˈlɛkʃən ənd ˈɛkspɔrt əv ˈspɛsəmənz frəm ðə ˈkəntri. ðə tim wʊd ɪmˈplɔɪ ˈmɑdərn ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈmɛθədz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ ˈsikwənsɪŋ, tɪ si haʊ ðə ɪˈkɑləʤi, ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvərsəti, ənd ˈklaɪmɪt ɔn ˈɛmˈti. ˈkɛnjə hæd ʧeɪnʤd ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈsɛnʧəri. ˈsərtənli, ðæts nɑt haʊ ənd hɪz ˈmɛni ədˈmaɪrərz ɪkˈspɛktɪd θɪŋz tɪ tərn aʊt. ðə jəŋ ˈrisərʧər wɑz ɔˈrɛdi wɛl noʊn fər ˈnumərəs ˈmæməl dɪˈskəvəriz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl frəm saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə, ənd wɑz ə ˈvɛtərən əv ˈmɛni ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃənz. ənd hɪz əˈmɛrɪkən ənd ˈkɛnjən kəˈlæbərˌeɪtərz hæd spɛnt tu jɪrz ˈplænɪŋ ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈruzəˌvɛlt resurvey*, nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ ə ˈθɪkɪt əv ˈkɛnjən lɔz ənd ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə kəˈlɛkʃən ənd ˈɛkspɔrt əv ˈspɛsəmənz frəm ðə ˈkəntri. ðə tim wʊd ɪmˈplɔɪ ˈmɑdərn ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈmɛθədz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ ˈsikwənsɪŋ, tɪ si haʊ ðə ɪˈkɑləʤi, ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvərsəti, ənd ˈklaɪmɪt ɔn ˈɛmˈti. ˈkɛnjə hæd ʧeɪnʤd ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈsɛnʧəri. bət sun ˈæftər ðə ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən wɑz ˈoʊvər, wɑz əˈkjuzd baɪ hɪz stæf əv traɪɪŋ tɪ ˌɪˈligəli ˈɛkspɔrt ˈænəməl ˈspɛsəmənz frəm ˈkɛnjə. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ðə ʧɑrʤ ʃit ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ðət hi hæd ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd hɪz ɪmˈplɔɪiz tɪ haɪd ˈsæmpəlz frəm ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf ˌɪnˈspɛktərz, ənd ðət hi hæd ˈkɑpid ə ˈsɪgnəʧər ˈɔntu ə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈɔθərˌaɪzɪŋ ˈɛkspɔrt əv ˈspɛsəmənz wɪˈθaʊt hər ˈnɑlɪʤ ər pərˈmɪʃən. ənd hɪz əˈtərni ər kənˈtɛstɪŋ ɔl əv ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz, ənd ə dɪˈsɪʒən əˈbaʊt hɪz feɪt kʊd kəm ˈleɪtər ðɪs mənθ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈstrɔŋli səˈʤɛsts ðət ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wɑz ˈsɪriəsli flɔd, fər ˈsɛvərəl ˈrizənz. ɪt ˌɪgˈnɔrd ki ˈɛvədəns ənˈkəvərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˈərliər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ smɪθˈsoʊniən ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz, wɪʧ klɪrd əv ˈmɛni əv ðə seɪm ˈʧɑrʤɪz. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, wɪn, fər ˈrizənz ðət rɪˈmeɪn ˈmərki, ə nu ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wɑz lɔnʧt, ɪt əˈpɪrd tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri ˈɛvədəns ðət kʊd hæv ɪgˈzɑnərˌeɪtɪd. pərˈhæps moʊst ˈsɪriəsli, ðə ʧif ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtər ðə ʧɛr əv dɪˈpɑrtmənt ənd hɪz ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈsupərˌvaɪzər dɪd nɑt ˈɪntərvˌju ðə θri ˈəðər əv ðə ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɛr ˈsteɪtmənts tɪ ðə vərʤ. wən əv ðə θri ɪz ə ˈkɛnjən ˈsaɪəntɪst hu wɑz ˈɪntɪmətli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ərˈeɪnʤɪŋ ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈpərˌmɪts ənd pərˈmɪʃənz. ðə mjuˈziəmz ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wɑz ˈsɪriəsli flɔd ˈminˌwaɪl, plaɪt həz bɪˈkəm ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈgɑsəp. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl, səˈpoʊzədli tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə əˈkjuzd ɪmˈplɔɪi, ˈrumərz ˈmɛni əv ðɛm ˈwaɪldli ˌɪnkərˈɛkt hæv sprɛd θruaʊt ðə mˈjuziəm ənd ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk kəmˈjunɪti. ðeɪ ˌɪnˈklud fɔls səˈʤɛsʧənz ðət ənd hɪz tim wər kɔt baɪ ˈkəstəmz ˌɪnˈspɛktərz traɪɪŋ tɪ sˈməgəl ˈænəməl ˈspɛsəmənz aʊt əv ˈkɛnjə. ðə ˈrumərz hæv lɛd ˈivɪn ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ədˈmaɪrərz tɪ ˈwəndər ɪf hi maɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli bi ˈgɪlti. ˈminˌwaɪl, plaɪt həz bɪˈkəm ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈgɑsəp. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl, səˈpoʊzədli tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə əˈkjuzd ɪmˈplɔɪi, ˈrumərz ˈmɛni əv ðɛm ˈwaɪldli ˌɪnkərˈɛkt hæv sprɛd θruaʊt ðə mˈjuziəm ənd ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk kəmˈjunɪti. ðeɪ ˌɪnˈklud fɔls səˈʤɛsʧənz ðət ənd hɪz tim wər kɔt baɪ ˈkəstəmz ˌɪnˈspɛktərz traɪɪŋ tɪ sˈməgəl ˈænəməl ˈspɛsəmənz aʊt əv ˈkɛnjə. ðə ˈrumərz hæv lɛd ˈivɪn ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ədˈmaɪrərz tɪ ˈwəndər ɪf hi maɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli bi ˈgɪlti. "krɪs ˈpəblɪʃt wərk ɪz ɪgˈzɛmpləri fər ɪts ˈækjərəsi ənd comprehensiveness*," sɪz rɔs məkˈfi, ə ˈmæməl ˈɛkspərt æt ðə əˈmɛrɪkən mˈjuziəm əv ˈnæʧərəl ˈhɪstəri (amnh*) ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti. "ðɛr kən bi noʊ kˈwɛʃən əˈbaʊt ðə kˈwɑləti əv hɪz ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp. wət ɪz ɪn kˈwɛʃən ɪz hɪz ˈkɑndəkt. aɪ hæv hərd soʊ ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt ˈvərʒənz əv ðə truθ rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈɪnsədənts ɪn ˈkɛnjə ðət aɪ du nɑt noʊ wət tɪ θɪŋk. ˈklɪrli, ˈsəmˌwən ɪz ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli laɪɪŋ, ənd ɪt ɪz ðə ʤɑb əv ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən tɪ sɔrt ðɪs aʊt, ɪf ɪt kən bi ˈsɔrtɪd aʊt, ənd meɪk ɔl ðə fækts ˈpəblɪk." haʊ kʊd wən əv ðə greɪt mˈjuziəmz bi əˈbaʊt tɪ ˈʤɛtɪsən wən əv ɪts moʊst ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk stɑrz? ðə neɪmz əv əˈkjuzərz ər wɛl noʊn wɪˈθɪn ðə; ðə vərʤ həz rɪˈpitɪdli əˈtɛmptəd tɪ tɔk tɪ ðɛm, bət ðeɪ hæv dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt. ˈəðər ˈsaɪəntɪsts, hu dɪd spik, səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ən ˈætməsˌfɪr əv ˈraɪvəlriz, ˈʤɛləsiz, ənd ˈkɑnflɪkts ðət ˈpriˈdeɪtɪd ðə ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən meɪ hæv ˈgɪvɪn raɪz tɪ ˌmɪsəndərˈstændɪŋz ənd əv wət wɛnt ɔn ɪn ˈkɛnjə. saɪəns ˈrisərʧ, laɪk ˈɛni ʤɑb, həz ə fɛr əˈmaʊnt əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈɪnˌfaɪtɪŋ, ˈivɪn æt ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl. ɪn ðə keɪs əv ðɪs ˈraɪzɪŋ stɑr, ðə rulz səm ˈkəntriz pʊt ɪn pleɪs tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðɛmˈsɛlvz frəm θɛft əv ˈrisɔrsɪz meɪ hæv bɪn juzd tɪ kət daʊn tɪ saɪz. dɪˈfɛndərz ˌɪnˈsɪst nɑt ˈgɪlti, bət ˈivɪn ɪf hi ɪz, ðə hæˈphæzərd ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən meɪ ˈdæmɪʤ ðə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən. ɪz ɪn ˈmɛni weɪz pɑrt əv ə nu gɑrd əv ˈsaɪəntɪsts: mɔr ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ tɔk tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk, ˈrɪgərəs ənd ˈdɪlɪʤənt ɪn hɪz ˈrisərʧ ənd ðət əˈproʊʧ simz tɪ bi θˈrɛtənɪŋ tɪ səm ˈoʊldər ˈsaɪəntɪsts hu trəˈdɪʃənəli ʃaɪ əˈweɪ frəm ðə nuz ˈmidiə. waɪl ðə ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri prəˈsidɪŋz kənˈtɪnju, ˈkænɑt spik ɪn hɪz oʊn dɪˈfɛns, sɪz hɪz əˈtərni, ˈmaɪkəl əv, pɑrks, ˈwaɪsər ˈhɛrɪs. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, sɪz, "krɪs ɪz ə ˈsizənd ˈlidər əv ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃənz ənd wɑz nɑt ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈɛni mɪˈskɑndəkt ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər. wi ər əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ juz ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈprɑsɛsəz tɪ hæv ðiz ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz dɪsˈmɪst, ənd ˈkænɑt ˈkɑmɛnt ˈfərðər waɪl ðət ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz goʊɪŋ ɔn." əˈfɪʃəlz æt ðə smɪθˈsoʊniən ənd ðə rɪfˈjuzd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt, seɪɪŋ ðət ˌpərsəˈnɛl ˈmætərz æt ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ər ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl. rɪkˈwɛsts fər ˈɪntərvˌjuz wɪθ dɪˈrɛktər kərk ˈʤɑnsən ənd ðə ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv ðə smɪθˈsoʊniən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən, ˈdeɪvɪd skorton*, wər ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈklaɪnd. tɪ ˈmɛni ˈrisərʧərz, ðɛr ɪz noʊ kˈwɛʃən ðət ɪz ˈɪnəsənt bət tɪ ˈmɛni ˈrisərʧərz, ðɛr ɪz noʊ kˈwɛʃən ðət ɪz ˈɪnəsənt. ðəs mɔr ðən 50 ˈsaɪəntɪsts frəm əraʊnd ðə wərld hæv ˈrɪtən tɪ ˈʤɑnsən, skorton*, ənd ˈəðər ənd smɪθˈsoʊniən əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs ðɛr dɪsˈmeɪ ðət maɪt bi faɪərd; ˈmɛni hæv ˈsteɪtɪd ðət hi ɪz ˈsɪmpli nɑt ˈkeɪpəbəl əv biɪŋ əˈnɛθɪkəl. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, 35 əv ˈfɔrmər ˈɪntərnz, ˈstudənts ənd ˌpoʊstˈdɑkˌtərəl ˈrisərʧərz, aʊt əv mɔr ðən 40 hi həz hæd ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ʃɔrt kərɪr, saɪnd ə ˈpæʃənət ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə seɪm əˈfɪʃəlz, ˈpreɪzɪŋ roʊl ɛz ə ˈmɛnˌtɔr ənd ðə "taɪm, ˈɛnərʤi, ənd dɪˈvoʊʃən" hi həz ʃoʊn tɪ "iʧ əv hɪz ˈstudənts, rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðɛr ˈʤɛndər ər ɛθˈnɪsɪti." bət tɪ ˈmɛni ˈrisərʧərz, ðɛr ɪz noʊ kˈwɛʃən ðət ɪz ˈɪnəsənt. ðəs mɔr ðən 50 ˈsaɪəntɪsts frəm əraʊnd ðə wərld hæv ˈrɪtən tɪ ˈʤɑnsən, skorton*, ənd ˈəðər ənd smɪθˈsoʊniən əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs ðɛr dɪsˈmeɪ ðət maɪt bi faɪərd; ˈmɛni hæv ˈsteɪtɪd ðət hi ɪz ˈsɪmpli nɑt ˈkeɪpəbəl əv biɪŋ əˈnɛθɪkəl. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, 35 əv ˈfɔrmər ˈɪntərnz, ˈstudənts ənd ˌpoʊstˈdɑkˌtərəl ˈrisərʧərz, aʊt əv mɔr ðən 40 hi həz hæd ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ʃɔrt kərɪr, saɪnd ə ˈpæʃənət ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə seɪm əˈfɪʃəlz, ˈpreɪzɪŋ roʊl ɛz ə ˈmɛnˌtɔr ənd ðə "taɪm, ˈɛnərʤi, ənd dɪˈvoʊʃən" hi həz ʃoʊn tɪ "iʧ əv hɪz ˈstudənts, rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðɛr ˈʤɛndər ər ɛθˈnɪsɪti." əˈməŋ ˈɑrdənt səˈpɔrtərz ɪz hɪz ˈfɔrmər ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi ˈsupərˌvaɪzər, ðə ˈnoʊtɪd ɔˈstreɪljən ənd ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ ˈæktɪvɪst tɪm ˈflænəri. "krɪs wɑz fɑr ənd əˈweɪ ðə bɛst ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi ˈstudənt aɪ ˈɛvər hæd," ˈflænəri sɪz. "hi ɪz ɪkˈsɛpʃənəli ˈgɪftɪd ɛz ə ˈsaɪəntɪst. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ɪn ðə smɔl wərld əv mˈjuziəm saɪəns, ˈpipəl laɪk krɪs əˈtrækt ˈɛnvi." ˈflænəri ædz ðət həz ən "ˌɪˈmækjulɪt" ˈrɛkərd frəm pæst ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃənz ənd "ɪz ˈskrupjələs əˈbaʊt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən. aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ɪm ˈlivɪŋ ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈmæməlz bɪˈhaɪnd ɪn ˈpæpjuə nu ˈgɪni bɪˈkəz hi kʊd nɑt əbˈteɪn ə ˈpərˌmɪt [tɪ ˈɛkspɔrt ðɛm] ɪn taɪm." dɑn ˈwɪlsən, ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər ɛz ˈkjʊrətər əv ˈmæməlz æt ðə, kɔlz ɪm "wɪˈθaʊt ə daʊt ðə moʊst səkˈsɛsfəl ənd kriˈeɪtɪv jəŋ ɪn ðə wərld." ɛz fər ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz, ˈwɪlsən ædz, "aɪ hæv noʊ daʊt ðət ˈɛni dɪˈsɪʒənz meɪd baɪ krɪs wər dən soʊ wɪθ ðə ˈvɛri bɛst əv ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz." raɪz ɛz ə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˌsupərˈstɑr wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɛz prɪˈsɪpɪtəs ɛz hɪz fɔl frəm greɪs æt ðə. hi bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ ə nu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv mammalogists*, hu faɪnd nu ˈspiʃiz baɪ ˈkoʊmɪŋ θru ˈdəsti mˈjuziəm kəˈlɛkʃənz, ˈsikwənsɪŋ ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ, ənd ˈmaʊntɪŋ ˈrəgəd ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃənz tɪ ˈæfrɪkɑ, ˈeɪʒə, ənd saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə. bɔrn ənd reɪzd ɪn ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə, dɪˈvɛləpt ən ˈərli ˈpæʃən fər ˈnæʧərəl ˈhɪstəri, ənd wɛnt ɔn tɪ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt kəm lɔd frəm ˈhɑrvərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn 2001 ˈæftər duɪŋ hɪz ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi wɪθ ˈflænəri, hi ˈlændɪd ə ˌpoʊstˈdɑkˌtərəl ˈfɛloʊˌʃɪp æt ðə smɪθˈsoʊniən. baɪ 2009 wɪn wɑz ˈoʊnli 29 ðə hæd əˈpɔɪntɪd ɪm ɛz ɪts ˈkjʊrətər ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈmæməl dɪˈvɪʒən. hɪz lɪsts mɔr ðən 100 pɪr rivˈjud ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz, ənd hi ɪz ˈkrɛdɪtɪd wɪθ dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ faɪv nu ˈmæməl ˈʤɛnərə ənd mɔr ðən tu ˈdəzən ˈspiʃiz ənd subspecies*; hi rɪˈpɔrtədli həz ˈmɛni mɔr ˈspiʃiz ˈweɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə wɪŋz. wən əv meɪn kleɪmz tɪ feɪm wɑz dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ə nu ˈspiʃiz əv olingo*, ə smɔl ˈmæməl rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ræˈkun, wɪʧ ənd hɪz kəˈlæbərˌeɪtərz kɔld ðə. wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ðə ˌfɔrˈmɪdəbəl məˈʃin, ðə ɪkˈstrimli kjut wɪʧ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ saɪəns ˈraɪtər ɛd jɔŋ, "lʊks laɪk ˈsəmˌwən dɪˈzaɪnd ðə ˈkjutɪst stəft tɔɪ ənd ðɛn ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ɪt" gɑt ˈwərldˈwaɪd ˈmidiə əˈtɛnʃən wɪn ɪt wɑz əˈnaʊnst ɪn 2013 ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ jɪr, ənd hɪz ˈkoʊˈwərkərz juzd ˈeɪnʧənt ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd oʊld ˈfæʃənd əˈnætəmi tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt ðət tu ˈspiʃiz əv məŋk silz, wən ˈrisəntli ɪkˈstɪŋkt ənd ðə ˈəðər ən ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd ˈspiʃiz, dɪˈzərvd tɪ bi pʊt ɪn ðɛr oʊn ˈʤinəs kɔld neomonachus*, ðə fərst taɪm ɪn 140 jɪrz ðət ə nu sil ˈʤinəs hæd bɪn ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd. ɛz ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ənd ˈmidiə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən gru, səm ˈrisərʧərz ənd ˈəðər ˈkɑligz seɪ, soʊ dɪd hɪz ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ðə oʊld gɑrd. ə ˈpɪvətəl ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd keɪm ɪn ˈərli 2012 ˌɪnˈsaɪdərz seɪ, wɪn bɪˈgæn ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə əˈlɑrm əˈbaʊt ðə pur kənˈdɪʃənz ˈəndər wɪʧ ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈmæməl ˈspɛsəmənz wər biɪŋ stɔrd æt ðə mˈjuziəm. ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ˈmɛni əv ðɛm hæd ˈnɛvər bɪn ˈprɑpərli ˈɛnərd ˈɪntu ˈdætəˌbeɪsɪz, ˈkɔzɪŋ səm tɪ bi ˈmɪsɪŋ ər lɔst ɪnˈtaɪərli, waɪl ˈəðər rɛr ənd ˈprɛʃəs ˈspɛsəmənz wər ˈdæmɪʤd ənd dɪˈtɪriərˌeɪtɪŋ. wən ˈsaɪəntɪst toʊld ðə vərʤ ðət ˈmɛni ˈkjʊrətərz wər "ˈdipli ɪmˈbɛrəst" baɪ ðə ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz, ənd ˈæŋgri æt fər ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ðə əˈtɛnʃən əv mˈjuziəm əˈfɪʃəlz. ki ˈælaɪ ɪn ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ðə ˈprɑbləmz tɪ laɪt wɑz ˈdærɪn lənd, ðə ˈmæməl kəˈlɛkʃən ˈmænɪʤər, hum hæd haɪərd frəm ðə ɪn 2010 lənd, dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ ðoʊz hu noʊ ɪm ɛz rɪˈzərvd, ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ hɪz wərk, ənd ˈsəmˈwət ˈskɛptɪkəl əˈbaʊt ðə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz əv ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈsaɪəntɪsts, hæd ə ˈpæʃən əv hɪz oʊn: ˈθiəˌdɔr ˈruzəˌvɛlt, hu, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ biɪŋ wən əv ðə moʊst ˈkələrfəl ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts, wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ wən əv ðə moʊst ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd ˈnæʧərəlɪsts. lənd hæd bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə bʊk əˈbaʊt ˈruzəˌvɛlt fər ˈmɛni jɪrz, hɪz ˈkɑligz seɪ, ənd soʊ hi wɑz ən ˈigər pɑrˈtɪsəpənt ɪn ðə nu ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈkɛnjə wɪn ɪt bɪˈgæn ɪn ˈɔgəst 2015 soʊ wər tu ˈəðər ˈmæməl kəˈlɛkʃən stæf hu wərkt wɪθ lənd, ˈɛstər ˈlæŋgən ənd nɪˈkoʊl ˈɛdmɪsən. ˈkɑligz seɪ ðət ðə θri, ɔl əv hum ər ˈsupərˌvaɪzd baɪ, fɔrm ə ˈfɛrli taɪt grup. ˈlæŋgən wɑz ɪn ˈkɛnjə ənˈtɪl ðə ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən ˈɛndɪd ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈɛdmɪsən wɑz ˈoʊnli ˈprɛzənt fər ə ˈkəpəl əv wiks æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ, ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən ˈmɛmbərz seɪ. baɪ ðə taɪm ðə ədˈvɛnʧər wɑz ˈoʊvər, lənd, ˈlæŋgən, ənd ˈɛdmɪsən wər əˈkjuzɪŋ əv mɪˈskɑndəkt, ənd ðɛr ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni wʊd goʊ ɔn tɪ kəmˈpraɪz ə ˈmeɪʤər pɑrt əv ðə ˈɛvədəns əˈgɛnst ɪm. ˈəðər ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən ˈmɛmbərz, hu æst nɑt tɪ bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd, toʊld ðə vərʤ ðət lənd ənd ˈlæŋgən ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr bɪˈgæn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈnɛgətɪv ˈkɑmɛnts əˈbaʊt frəm ðə ˈvɛri bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən. səm əv ðiz ˈkɑmɛnts, ðə ˈsɔrsəz seɪ, əˈpɪrd tɪ ˌɪnˈvɑlv dɪsˈgrəntəlmənt ˈdeɪtɪŋ frəm ˌbiˈfɔr ðə trɛk, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəmz əv dɪˈmændɪŋ ˈmænɪʤmənt staɪl bæk æt ðə mˈjuziəm; ˈrisərʧərz hu noʊ əˈgri ðət hi həz ˈvɛri haɪ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz əv hɪz stæf. ɪn ˈkɛnjə, lənd naʊ bɪˈgæn ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪzɪŋ ˈmænɪʤmənt əv ðə ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət ɪt wɑz ˈbædli ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd. (ɪn ˈkɑntræst, səm ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈvɪzɪtərz tɪ ðə ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən toʊld ðə vərʤ ðət ɪt wɑz wən əv ðə bɛst ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃənz ðeɪ hæd sin.) ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən ˈsɔrsəz seɪ ðət lənd simd ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ərkt ðət wɑz ˈgɪtɪŋ ɔl ðə ˈmidiə əˈtɛnʃən fər ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt, əˈspɛʃəli sɪns bʊk əˈbaʊt ˈruzəˌvɛlt wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ɪkˈstɛnsɪv məˈtɪriəl əˈbaʊt ðə ˈərliər ˈɛmˈti. ˈkɛnjə ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən wɑz sun ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt. ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃən rɪˈpɔrtədli riʧt ə pik wɪn ən ˈɛdɪtər ənd fəˈtɑgrəfər frəm ˈnæʃənəl ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ʃoʊd əp ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər tɪ ˈkrɑnɪkəl ɪˈvɛnts, ɛz pɑrt əv ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ðə ˈmægəˌzin wɑz ˈplænɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. ɛz ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən ˈlidər, rɪˈsivd ðə ʃɛr əv əˈtɛnʃən. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɔrsəz wɪˈθɪn, ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl həz bɪn poʊstˈpoʊnd ˈpɛndɪŋ ðə prəˈsidɪŋz əˈgɛnst; ə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv fər ðə ˈmægəˌzin dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ɪts plænz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ, ðə ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən hæd θri ˈəðər: ˈhɪləri jəŋ, ən ɪˈkɑləʤɪst ənd ˈfɔrmər ˌpoʊstˈdɑkˌtərəl ˈstudənt əv, hu ɪz naʊ æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˈsænə ˈbɑrbərə (ucsb*); ˈroʊlənd keɪz, ə zoʊˈɑləʤəst æt ðə nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə mˈjuziəm əv ˈnæʧərəl ˈsaɪənsɪz ɪn ˈrɔli; ənd ˈbərnərd, ə æt ðə ˈnæʃənəl mˈjuziəmz əv ˈkɛnjə (nmk*) ɪn ˌnaɪˈroʊbi. toʊld ðə vərʤ ðət hæd tɪ ʤəmp θru ˈmɛni hups tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ðə ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən. "ɪn 20 jɪrz əv kənˈdəktɪŋ ˈsərˌveɪz, ðɪs ɪz ðə moʊst ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ˈrisərʧ ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən aɪ hæv ˈɛvər sin," sɪz. "ɪn ˈkɛnjə ðɛr ər ən əˈbəndəns əv lɔz ənd ˈdɪfərənt ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz," ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ənd ðə ˈkɛnjə ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf ˈsərvɪs (kws*), ðət məst bi kənˈsəltɪd ənd gɪv əˈpruvəl ˌbiˈfɔr səʧ ə ˈprɑʤɛkt kən pərˈsid. "krɪs wɛnt bɪɔnd wət ðə lɔ rikˈwaɪərd," ædz. "hi toʊld ˈjuˈɛs ðət nɑt goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə fild ənˈtɪl ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz ˈfʊli ˈligəl." ˌɪnˈdid, ˈsɔrsəz seɪ, dɪˈleɪd ðə stɑrt əv ðə ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən ə fʊl jɪr ənˈtɪl hi wɑz ˈkɑnfədənt ðət ɪt wɑz. ɛz ðə ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən dru tɪ ə kloʊz ɪn leɪt sɛpˈtɛmbər 2015 ðə fɔr ˈlidərz priˈpɛrd tɪ dɪˈpɑrt frəm ˈkɛnjə fər ˈəðər ɪnˈgeɪʤmənts, ˈlivɪŋ lənd, ˈlæŋgən, ənd ə sˈmɔlər ˈnəmbər əv ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən ˈmɛmbərz tɪ sɔrt θru ðə ˈspɛsəmənz ənd ˈsæmpəlz kəˈlɛktəd ənd priˈpɛr ðɛm fər ˈɛkspɔrt tɪ ðə smɪθˈsoʊniən ər ðə ucsb*; səm ˈspɛsəmənz wʊd steɪ ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ənd bi sɛnt tɪ ðə. ðə ˈsæmpəl ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ tʊk pleɪs æt ðə ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər ɪn nanyuki*, ʤɪst ˌnɔrθˈwɛst əv ˈɛmˈti. ˈkɛnjə, wɪʧ hæd bɪn ðə ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈwɪtnəsɪz, lənd ənd ˈlægən əˈpɛrəntli bɪˈgæn tɪ θɪŋk ənd jəŋ wər traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈɛkspɔrt waɪld dɔg ˈspɛsəmənz ˌɪˈligəli wɪn ðə ˈtrəbəl ˈrɪli bɪˈgæn. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈwɪtnəsɪz, lənd ənd ˈlæŋgən əˈpɛrəntli bɪˈgæn tɪ θɪŋk ðət boʊθ ənd jəŋ wər traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈɛkspɔrt ˈspɛsəmənz ˌɪˈligəli. ðə ˈspɛsəmənz wər bləd ənd ˈəðər ˈtɪʃu ˈsæmpəlz ðət tim hæd əbˈteɪnd frəm ðə ˈæfrɪkɑn waɪld dɔg, pictus*, ən ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd ɪgˈzækt ʧeɪn əv ɪˈvɛnts ɪz nɑt klɪr, bət ˈiðər ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr ər ˈæftər rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ðə ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, lənd ənd ˈlæŋgən ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðɛr kənˈsərnz tɪ mˈjuziəm əˈθɔrətiz. ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 2nd*, ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈʤɛnərəl (oig*) ˈoʊpənd ə ˈfɔrməl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz. ðə vərʤ həz əbˈteɪnd ə ˈkɑpi əv ðə ˈfaɪnəl kənˈkluʒənz, ˈdeɪtɪd dɪˈsɛmbər 1st*. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɔrsəz, ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri wɑz beɪst ɔn ˈɪntərvˌjuz wɪθ lənd, ˈlæŋgən,, ənd ˈəðərz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ə ˌrivˈju əv ɔl ðə iˈmeɪlz bɪtˈwin ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən ˈmɛmbərz ənd əˈfɪʃəlz əv ðə, wɪʧ wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər əˈpruvɪŋ ˈspɛsəmən ˈɛkspɔrts. ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət ə ˌrivˈju əv iˈmeɪlz bɪtˈwin tim ənd ðə ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd kənfˈjuʒən bɪtˈwin ðə tu grups, wɪʧ wɑz ɪgˈzæsərˌbeɪtɪd baɪ ðə "fækt ðət wɑz ˈrɛlətɪvli nu tɪ ɪts roʊl ɛz ðə əˈpruvɪŋ ˈeɪʤənsi tɪ ˈɔθərˌaɪz ˈspɛsəmən ˈɛkspɔrts." ðɛr wər kənˈflɪktɪŋ əˈpɪnjənz əˈməŋ stæf əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ˈprɑpər əˈpruvəl hæd bɪn ˈgɪvɪn fər ðə ˈɛkspɔrt əv ˈsərtən ˈspɛsəmənz. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, kənˈkludɪd ðət ɪt "dɪd nɑt faɪnd ðət ˈɛni juz. lɔz ər smɪθˈsoʊniən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən dɪˈrɛktɪvz wər ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd du tɪ ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrt əv ðə ˈspɛsəmənz æt ˈɪʃu." ðət maɪt hæv ˈɛndɪd ðə əˈfɛr, bət ɪt dɪd nɑt. fər ˈrizənz ðət ər ənˈklɪr, ˈsəmˌtaɪm ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2015 ər ˈərli ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2016 mˈjuziəm əˈfɪʃəlz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ə ˈsɛkənd ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ðeɪ əˈpɔɪntɪd ˈgɛri greɪvz, ən ənd ʧɛr əv ðə ˈvərtəˌbreɪt zoʊˈɑləʤi dɪˈpɑrtmənt dɪˈrɛkt ˈsupərˌvaɪzər tɪ ˈkɛri ɪt aʊt. tɪ səm ˈrisərʧərz hu noʊ boʊθ mɛn, greɪvz wɑz ðə rɔŋ ˈpərsən tɪ du ɪt. fər wən θɪŋ, greɪvz, hu ɪz ˈrəfli 25 jɪrz ˈoʊldər ðən, wɑz wɛl noʊn tɪ bi ˈskɛptɪkəl əˈbaʊt up-and-coming*, ˈsaɪəntɪsts, əˈspɛʃəli jəŋ wənz. "ðɪs hoʊl ˈprɔˌsɛs əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ˌɔnˈfɛr ənd ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt" "ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˌænəˈmɑsəti bɪtˈwin ˈgɛri greɪvz ənd krɪs ʃʊd ˈklɪrli hæv mɛnt ðət [greɪvz] ruld hɪmˈsɛlf aʊt əv ˈæktɪŋ ɛz ə ˈsinjər ˈɑrbɪtər ɪn ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs," sɪz ˈælən ˈkupər, ən ˈeɪnʧənt ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ ˈɛkspərt æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈædəˌleɪd ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə hu wərkt æt ðə smɪθˈsoʊniən ˈərliər ɪn hɪz kərɪr. "ðɪs hoʊl ˈprɔˌsɛs əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ˌɔnˈfɛr ənd ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt, ənd rɪsks duɪŋ kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ðə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən əv ðə smɪθˈsoʊniən." "ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˌænəˈmɑsəti bɪtˈwin ˈgɛri greɪvz ənd krɪs ʃʊd ˈklɪrli hæv mɛnt ðət [greɪvz] ruld hɪmˈsɛlf aʊt əv ˈæktɪŋ ɛz ə ˈsinjər ˈɑrbɪtər ɪn ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs," sɪz ˈælən ˈkupər, ən ˈeɪnʧənt ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ ˈɛkspərt æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈædəˌleɪd ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə hu wərkt æt ðə smɪθˈsoʊniən ˈərliər ɪn hɪz kərɪr. "ðɪs hoʊl ˈprɔˌsɛs əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ˌɔnˈfɛr ənd ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt, ənd rɪsks duɪŋ kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ðə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən əv ðə smɪθˈsoʊniən." greɪvz dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ bi ˈɪntərvˌjud fər ðɪs ˈstɔri, seɪɪŋ ðət tɪ du soʊ wʊd "ˈvaɪəleɪt ðə ˈpraɪvəsi raɪts əv ðə ɪmˈplɔɪi." ˈæftər ə ˈsɛkənd ənd læst əˈpil tɪ greɪvz tɪ dɪˈskəs ðə keɪs, ˈpɑsəbli ɔf ðə ˈrɛkərd, hi əˈkjuzd ðə rɪˈpɔrtər əv "cyberstalking*" ənd θˈrɛtənd tɪ hæv ɪm ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪd baɪ ˈjuˈɛs əˈθɔrətiz. jɛt əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈwɪtnəsɪz æt ðə mˈjuziəm, greɪvz hɪmˈsɛlf wɑz ðə ˈɔrəʤən əv æt list səm əv ðə ˈrumərz əˈbaʊt ðət sprɛd wɪˈθɪn ðə ənd bɪɔnd. ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1st*, greɪvz əˈnaʊnst hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðət bi faɪərd. ðə ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɔrsəz, wɑz leɪd aʊt ɪn ə ˈfɔrməl prəˈpoʊzəl tɪ riˈmuv, ə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt rikˈwaɪərd wɪn ˈfɛdərəl ɪmˈplɔɪiz ər ˈfeɪsɪŋ tərməˈneɪʃən. ˈsɔrsəz fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt seɪ ðət ɪt leɪz aʊt θri ˈfɔrməl ˈʧɑrʤɪz: ðət ˈkɑpid ðə ˈsɪgnəʧər əv mɔˈrin ˈkərni, ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt dɪˈrɛktər fər saɪəns, ˈɔntu ə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ðət wʊd hæv əˈlaʊd ðə ˈtrænsfər əv ˈspɛsəmənz frəm ˈkɛnjə tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs, wɪˈθaʊt pərˈmɪʃən. ðət əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ʃɪp waɪld dɔg ˈspɛsəmənz tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ənd ðɛn ˈleɪtər traɪd tɪ gɪt hɪz stæf tɪ du ðə seɪm, wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈprɑpər ˈpərˌmɪts. ðət ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd hɪz stæf tɪ haɪd waɪld dɔg ˈspɛsəmənz wɪʧ hæd bɪn stɔrd ɪn ˈlɪkwɪd ˈnaɪtrəʤən frəm ə ˌɪnˈspɛktər.
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this time last year, kris helgen was climbing high. helgen, curator of mammals at the smithsonian institution’s national museum of natural history (nmnh) in washington, dc, was about to lead a team of scientists up mt. kenya, the second highest mountain in africa after kilimanjaro. the team was following in the footsteps of theodore roosevelt, whose great east africa expedition of 1909–1910, co-sponsored by the smithsonian, gathered some 23,000 natural history specimens for the museum. it was an ambitious, some say audacious, project. but today 36-year-old helgen, who was one of the fastest rising young stars in mammalogy, is in danger of losing his job. on july 1st, after a lengthy investigation into charges that he had engaged in research misconduct while in kenya, helgen’s department chair recommended that he be fired. to some researchers, including some within the museum, this drastic conclusion must mean that helgen did something seriously wrong. but to others, including his many defenders, the affair is an object lesson in what happens when a bright young person — in any profession — rises too fast and challenges slow-changing institutions with entrenched bureaucrats, like the smithsonian and the nmnh. "what happens when the younger scientist already has more accomplishments than his much older seniors?" asks one nmnh scientist who asked not to be identified. "the museum has utterly failed kris."
certainly, that's not how helgen and his many admirers expected things to turn out. the young researcher was already well known for numerous mammal discoveries, including the irresistible olinguito from south america, and was a veteran of many expeditions. helgen and his american and kenyan collaborators had spent two years planning the so-called roosevelt resurvey, negotiating a thicket of kenyan laws and regulations regarding the collection and export of specimens from the country. the team would employ modern scientific methods, including dna sequencing, to see how the ecology, biodiversity, and climate on mt. kenya had changed over the last century. certainly, that's not how helgen and his many admirers expected things to turn out. the young researcher was already well known for numerous mammal discoveries, including the irresistible olinguito from south america, and was a veteran of many expeditions. helgen and his american and kenyan collaborators had spent two years planning the so-called roosevelt resurvey, negotiating a thicket of kenyan laws and regulations regarding the collection and export of specimens from the country. the team would employ modern scientific methods, including dna sequencing, to see how the ecology, biodiversity, and climate on mt. kenya had changed over the last century. but soon after the expedition was over, helgen was accused by his staff of trying to illegally export animal specimens from kenya. eventually the charge sheet included allegations that he had instructed his employees to hide samples from wildlife inspectors, and that he had copied a supervisor’s signature onto a document authorizing export of specimens without her knowledge or permission. helgen and his attorney are contesting all of the charges, and a decision about his fate could come later this month. however, the verge’s reporting strongly suggests that the museum’s investigation was seriously flawed, for several reasons. it ignored key evidence uncovered during an earlier investigation by smithsonian investigators, which cleared helgen of many of the same charges. nevertheless, when, for reasons that remain murky, a new investigation was launched, it appeared to ignore documentary evidence that could have exonerated helgen. perhaps most seriously, the chief investigator — the chair of helgen’s department and his immediate supervisor — did not interview the three other co-leaders of the expedition, according to their statements to the verge. one of the three is a kenyan scientist who was intimately involved in arranging the necessary permits and permissions. the museum's investigation was seriously flawed
meanwhile, helgen’s plight has become the subject of extensive gossip. although the disciplinary process is supposed to be confidential, supposedly to protect the accused employee, rumors — many of them wildly incorrect — have spread throughout the museum and the larger scientific community. they include false suggestions that helgen and his team were caught by customs inspectors trying to smuggle animal specimens out of kenya. the rumors have led even helgen’s scientific admirers to wonder if he might actually be guilty. meanwhile, helgen’s plight has become the subject of extensive gossip. although the disciplinary process is supposed to be confidential, supposedly to protect the accused employee, rumors — many of them wildly incorrect — have spread throughout the museum and the larger scientific community. they include false suggestions that helgen and his team were caught by customs inspectors trying to smuggle animal specimens out of kenya. the rumors have led even helgen’s scientific admirers to wonder if he might actually be guilty. "kris helgen’s published work is exemplary for its accuracy and comprehensiveness," says ross macphee, a mammal expert at the american museum of natural history (amnh) in new york city. "there can be no question about the quality of his scholarship. what is in question is his conduct. i have heard so many different versions of the truth regarding incidents in kenya that i do not know what to think. clearly, someone is systematically lying, and it is the job of the smithsonian’s administration to sort this out, if it can be sorted out, and make all the properly-ascertained facts public." how could one of the world’s great museums be about to jettison one of its most mediagenic scientific stars? the names of helgen’s accusers are well known within the nmnh; the verge has repeatedly attempted to talk to them, but they have declined to comment. other scientists, who did speak, suggested that an atmosphere of rivalries, jealousies, and conflicts that predated the expedition may have given rise to misunderstandings and misinterpretations of what went on in kenya. science research, like any job, has a fair amount of political infighting, even at the highest level. in the case of this rising star, the rules some countries put in place to protect themselves from colonialist-style theft of resources may have been used to cut helgen down to size. helgen’s defenders insist he’s not guilty, but even if he is, the haphazard investigation may damage the smithsonian’s reputation. helgen is in many ways part of a new guard of scientists: more willing to talk to the public, rigorous and diligent in his research — and that approach seems to be threatening to some older scientists who traditionally shy away from the news media. while the disciplinary proceedings continue, helgen cannot speak in his own defense, says his dc-based attorney, michael kator of kator, parks, weiser & harris. however, kator says, "kris helgen is a seasoned leader of expeditions and was not involved in any misconduct whatsoever. we are attempting to use the smithsonian’s internal processes to have these allegations dismissed, and cannot comment further while that process is going on." officials at the smithsonian and the nmnh refused to comment, saying that personnel matters at the institutions are confidential. requests for interviews with nmnh director kirk johnson and the secretary of the smithsonian institution, david skorton, were also declined. to many researchers, there is no question that helgen is innocent but to many researchers, there is no question that helgen is innocent. thus more than 50 scientists from around the world have written to johnson, skorton, and other nmnh and smithsonian officials to express their dismay that helgen might be fired; many have stated that he is simply not capable of being unethical. at the same time, 35 of helgen’s former interns, students and postdoctoral researchers, out of more than 40 he has had during his short career, signed a passionate letter to the same officials, praising helgen’s role as a mentor and the "time, energy, and devotion" he has shown to "each of his students, regardless of their gender or ethnicity." but to many researchers, there is no question that helgen is innocent. thus more than 50 scientists from around the world have written to johnson, skorton, and other nmnh and smithsonian officials to express their dismay that helgen might be fired; many have stated that he is simply not capable of being unethical. at the same time, 35 of helgen’s former interns, students and postdoctoral researchers, out of more than 40 he has had during his short career, signed a passionate letter to the same officials, praising helgen’s role as a mentor and the "time, energy, and devotion" he has shown to "each of his students, regardless of their gender or ethnicity." among helgen’s ardent supporters is his former phd supervisor, the noted australian mammalogist and global warming activist tim flannery. "kris was far and away the best phd student i ever had," flannery says. "he is exceptionally gifted as a scientist. unfortunately, in the small world of museum science, people like kris attract envy." flannery adds that helgen has an "immaculate" record from past expeditions and "is scrupulous about regulation. i remember him leaving an important collection of mammals behind in papua new guinea because he could not obtain a permit [to export them] in time." don wilson, helgen’s predecessor as curator of mammals at the nmnh, calls him "without a doubt the most successful and creative young mammalogist in the world." as for the allegations, wilson adds, "i have no doubt that any decisions made by kris were done so with the very best of intentions."
helgen’s rise as a scientific superstar was almost as precipitous as his fall from grace at the nmnh. he belongs to a new generation of mammalogists, who find new species by combing through dusty museum collections, sequencing dna, and mounting rugged expeditions to africa, asia, and south america. born and raised in minnesota, helgen developed an early passion for natural history, and went on to graduate cum laude from harvard university in 2001. after doing his phd with flannery, he landed a postdoctoral fellowship at the smithsonian. by 2009, when helgen was only 29, the nmnh had appointed him as its curator in charge of the entire mammal division. his cv lists more than 100 peer reviewed publications, and he is credited with describing five new mammal genera and more than two dozen species and subspecies; he reportedly has many more species waiting in the wings. one of helgen’s main claims to fame was describing a new species of olingo, a small mammal related to the raccoon, which helgen and his collaborators called the olinguito. with the help of the smithsonian’s formidable pr machine, the extremely cute olinguito — which, according to science writer ed yong, "looks like someone designed the world’s cutest stuffed toy and then animated it" — got worldwide media attention when it was announced in 2013. the following year, helgen and his coworkers used ancient dna technology and old fashioned anatomy to figure out that two species of monk seals, one recently extinct and the other an endangered species, deserved to be put in their own genus called neomonachus, the first time in 140 years that a new seal genus had been recognized. as helgen’s scientific and media reputation grew, some nmnh researchers and other colleagues say, so did his willingness to challenge the museum’s old guard. a pivotal episode came in early 2012, insiders say, when helgen began raising the alarm about the poor conditions under which thousands of mammal specimens were being stored at the museum. helgen pointed out that many of them had never been properly entered into databases, causing some to be missing or lost entirely, while other rare and precious specimens were damaged and deteriorating. one nmnh scientist told the verge that many curators were "deeply embarrassed" by the revelations, and angry at helgen for bringing them to the attention of museum officials. helgen’s key ally in bringing the problems to light was darrin lunde, the mammal division’s collection manager, whom helgen had hired from the amnh in 2010. lunde, described by those who know him as reserved, dedicated to his work, and somewhat skeptical about the contributions of academic scientists, had a passion of his own: theodore roosevelt, who, in addition to being one of the us’s most colorful presidents, was also one of the nation’s most celebrated naturalists. lunde had been working on a book about roosevelt for many years, his colleagues say, and so he was an eager participant in the new expedition to kenya when it began in august 2015. so were two other mammal collection staff who worked with lunde, esther langan and nicole edmison. colleagues say that the three, all of whom are supervised by helgen, form a fairly tight group. langan was in kenya until the expedition ended in october, although edmison was only present for a couple of weeks at the beginning, expedition members say. by the time the adventure was over, lunde, langan, and edmison were accusing helgen of misconduct, and their testimony would go on to comprise a major part of the evidence against him. other expedition members, who asked not to be identified, told the verge that lunde and langan in particular began making negative comments about helgen from the very beginning of the expedition. some of these comments, the sources say, appeared to involve disgruntlement dating from before the trek, including criticisms of helgen’s demanding management style back at the museum; nmnh researchers who know helgen agree that he has very high expectations of his staff. in kenya, lunde now began criticizing helgen’s management of the expedition, arguing that it was badly organized. (in contrast, some outside visitors to the expedition told the verge that it was one of the best organized expeditions they had seen.) expedition sources say that lunde seemed particularly irked that helgen was getting all the media attention for the project, especially since lunde’s book about roosevelt — which includes extensive material about the earlier mt. kenya expedition — was soon coming out. lunde’s irritation reportedly reached a peak when an editor and photographer from national geographic showed up in september to chronicle events, as part of an article the magazine was planning on the project. as expedition leader, helgen received the lion’s share of attention. according to sources within nmnh, the article has been postponed pending the proceedings against helgen; a representative for the magazine declined to comment on its plans.
in addition to helgen, the expedition had three other co-leaders: hillary young, an ecologist and former postdoctoral student of helgen’s, who is now at the university of california, santa barbara (ucsb); roland kays, a zoologist at the north carolina museum of natural sciences in raleigh; and bernard agwanda, a mammalogist at the national museums of kenya (nmk) in nairobi. agwanda told the verge that helgen had to jump through many hoops to organize the expedition. "in 20 years of conducting surveys, this is the most elaborate research expedition i have ever seen," agwanda says. "in kenya there are an abundance of laws and different institutions," including the nmk and the kenya wildlife service (kws), that must be consulted and give approval before such a project can proceed. "kris went beyond what the law required," agwanda adds. "he told us that not going into the field until everything is fully legal." indeed, sources say, helgen delayed the start of the expedition a full year until he was confident that it was. as the expedition drew to a close in late september 2015, the four leaders prepared to depart from kenya for other engagements, leaving lunde, langan, and a smaller number of expedition members to sort through the specimens and samples collected and prepare them for export to the smithsonian or the ucsb; some specimens would stay in the country and be sent to the nmk. the sample processing took place at the mpala research center in nanyuki, just northwest of mt. kenya, which had been the expedition’s headquarters. according to several witnesses, lunde and lagan apparently began to think helgen and young were trying to export wild dog specimens illegally that’s when the trouble really began. according to several witnesses, lunde and langan apparently began to think that both helgen and young were trying to export specimens illegally. the specimens were blood and other tissue samples that young’s team had obtained from the african wild dog, lycaon pictus, an endangered species.the exact chain of events is not clear, but either shortly before or after returning to the nmnh in washington, lunde and langan reported their concerns to museum authorities. on november 2nd, the smithsonian’s office of the inspector general (oig) opened a formal investigation into the allegations. the verge has obtained a copy of the investigation’s final conclusions, dated december 1st. according to sources, the inquiry was based on interviews with lunde, langan, helgen, and others, as well as a review of all the emails between expedition members and officials of the kws, which was responsible for approving specimen exports. the oig report indicated that a review of emails between helgen’s team and the kws demonstrated confusion between the two groups, which was exacerbated by the "fact that kws was relatively new to its role as the approving agency to authorize specimen exports." there were conflicting opinions among kws staff about whether proper approval had been given for the export of certain specimens. nevertheless, oig concluded that it "did not find that any u.s. laws or smithsonian institution directives were violated due to the import of the specimens at issue." that might have ended the affair, but it did not. for reasons that are unclear, sometime in december 2015 or early january 2016, museum officials decided to conduct a second investigation. they appointed gary graves, an ornithologist and chair of the museum’s vertebrate zoology department — helgen’s direct supervisor — to carry it out. to some researchers who know both men, graves was the wrong person to do it. for one thing, graves, who is roughly 25 years older than helgen, was well known to be skeptical about up-and-coming, media-friendly scientists, especially young ones. "this whole process appears to be unfair and inappropriate" "the personal animosity between gary graves and kris should clearly have meant that [graves] ruled himself out of acting as a senior arbiter in this process," says alan cooper, an ancient dna expert at the university of adelaide in australia who worked at the smithsonian earlier in his career. "this whole process appears to be unfair and inappropriate, and risks doing considerable damage to the reputation of the smithsonian." "the personal animosity between gary graves and kris should clearly have meant that [graves] ruled himself out of acting as a senior arbiter in this process," says alan cooper, an ancient dna expert at the university of adelaide in australia who worked at the smithsonian earlier in his career. "this whole process appears to be unfair and inappropriate, and risks doing considerable damage to the reputation of the smithsonian." graves declined to be interviewed for this story, saying that to do so would "violate the privacy rights of the employee." after a second and last appeal to graves to discuss the case, possibly off the record, he accused the verge’s reporter of "cyberstalking" and threatened to have him prosecuted by us authorities. yet according to witnesses at the museum, graves himself was the origin of at least some of the rumors about helgen that spread within the nmnh and beyond. on july 1st, graves announced his decision to recommend that helgen be fired. the recommendation, according to sources, was laid out in a formal proposal to remove, a document required when federal employees are facing termination. sources familiar with the document say that it lays out three formal charges: that helgen copied the signature of maureen kearney, the nmnh’s associate director for science, onto a document that would have allowed the transfer of specimens from kenya to the us, without kearney’s permission. that helgen attempted to ship wild dog specimens to the us, and then later tried to get his staff to do the same, without the proper permits. that helgen instructed his staff to hide wild dog specimens which had been stored in liquid nitrogen from a kws inspector.
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wət əˈbaʊt ðoʊz ˈklæsɪz ðət ʤɪst wərk fər ˈjuˈɛs? ju roʊl aʊt əv ˈfilɪŋ æt pis, open-hearted*, wən wɪθ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ənd ˈɛvriˌwən, ənd ðɛn ˈsəmˌwən ɔn ðə nɛkst mæt sɪz, laɪk ðət class.”*.” ər ˈmeɪbi ˈsəmθɪŋ mɔr wɑz əp wɪθ ðət playlist?”*?” ər dɪz ʃi ɪkˈspɛkt ˈjuˈɛs tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ðət way?”*?” ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈivɪn ju think?”*?” ɪz ɪˈnəf tɪ hɑrʃ jʊr ˈmɛloʊ ənd brɪŋ ju bæk tɪ monkeymind*. ʤɪst bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ fər 60 ər 75 ər 90 ˈmɪnəts tɪ stɑp ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, ənd hir ju ər biɪŋ æst tɪ θɪŋk. ˈtiʧərz ˈɔfən riˈmaɪnd ˈjuˈɛs nɑt tɪ ʤəʤ ɑrˈsɛlvz ər ðə əraʊnd ˈjuˈɛs. ə ˈklæsɪk ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðət riˈmaɪndər frəm aɪˈidə əv hɛlθ, ˈjoʊgə laɪf ˈstudiˌoʊ: ðɪs: ju ər ɔn jʊr ˈjoʊgə mæt ɪn ˈwɔrjər ənd ju lʊk ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə mæt nɛkst tɪ jʊrz. siɪŋ ðət ˈstudənt, ju ʧɛk aʊt ðɛr ˈpɑsʧər, ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst səbˈkɑnʃəsli, ju hir ə vɔɪs ˈʤəʤɪŋ ðət ˈpərsən nɛkst tɪ ju. ðət vɔɪs ɪz jʊr ˌɪnˈtərnəl wən. ðət vɔɪs ɪz ʤəʤˈmɛnəl. ðə ˈʤəʤmənt kʊd bi ˈnɛgətɪv: ‘‘wow*, ðət mæn həz ə ˈmeɪʤər bɪr belly!’*!’ ər ˈivɪn mɔr ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ɪz biɪŋ ˈpɑzətɪv təˈwɔrd ˈsəmˌwən ɛls ənd ˈnɛgətɪv təˈwɔrd ˈjɔrsɛlf: ‘‘gosh*, ʃi ɪz soʊ gʊd æt ðɪs ənd aɪ æm ˈhɔrəbəl æt it!’*!’ ju ər ɪn ðət ˈmoʊmənt əv ˈʤəʤmənt nɑt ˈoʊnli ər ju ˈʤəʤɪŋ, bət mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli ju ər nɑt ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ˈjoʊgə. ˈjoʊgə ənd ˈʤəʤmənt ər laɪk ɔɪl ənd ˈwɔtər ðeɪ ˈnɛvər ənd ˈʤəʤmənt ər mˈjuʧuəli ɪkˈsklusɪv; ju ˈkænɑt ˈtruli bi ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ˈjoʊgə ənd ˈʤəʤɪŋ people.”*.” ɪf bɪn ˈpræktɪsɪŋ fər ə waɪl ˈgɔtən ðɪs ˈmɛsɪʤ: wi ʃʊd nɑt bi ˈʤəʤɪŋ ˈəðər ˈstudənts ər ɑrˈsɛlvz. bət hu əˈməŋ ˈjuˈɛs dɪz nɑt ʤəʤ ðə ˈtiʧər? hər ˈklæsɪz ər tu ˈklæsɪz ər tu goʊz tu goʊz tu ˈhərtɪŋ maɪ traɪɪŋ tɪ kɪl us…*… ɛz aɪˈidə sɪz, ˈjoʊgə ənd ˈʤəʤmənt du nɑt mɪks. ɪf ˈʤəʤɪŋ ðə ˈtiʧər, nɑt ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ˈjoʊgə. soʊ ɪf nɑt ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ˈjoʊgə, wət ər wi ˈʤəʤɪŋ, ɪgˈzæktli? ə ˈwərˌkaʊt, ə pərˈfɔrməns, ɑr oʊn ˈpərsɪnəl ɪkˈspɪriəns? ənd wət sɛns dɪz ɪt meɪk tɪ əˈtæʧ səʧ ˈʤəʤmənts tɪ ə ˈjoʊgə ˈtiʧər? ˈprɑbəˌbli hæd ə gʊd ˈrizən fər ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪŋ ðə ɛz ðə fərst lɪm əv ˈjoʊgə ənd ɛz ðə fərst əv ðə. neɪm əv ðə fərst lɪm əv ðə pæθ, yama*, ərˈɪʤənəli mɛnt ˈbraɪdəl ər rein,”*,” tɛlz ˈjuˈɛs. juzd ɪt tɪ dɪˈskraɪb ə rɪˈstreɪnt ðət wi ˈwɪlɪŋli ənd ˈʤɔɪfəli pleɪs ɔn ɑrˈsɛlvz tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɑr ˈɛfərts, ðə weɪ ə reɪn əˈlaʊz ə ˈraɪdər tɪ gaɪd hɪz hɔrs ɪn ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn hi wʊd laɪk tɪ goʊ. ɪn ðɪs sɛns, kən bi ə ˈpɑzətɪv fɔrs ɪn ɑr lɪvz, ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ðət əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ hɛd təˈwɔrd ðə fʊlˈfɪlmənt əv ɑr ˈdɑrmə, ər laɪf purpose.”*.” ðə ər nɑt ʤɪst ˈmɔrəl ˌɪmˈpɛrətɪvz, ðeɪ ər ˈpræktɪkəl stɛps tɪ klɪr ɑr maɪndz fər ˈjoʊgə. nɑt ˈoʊnli nɑnˈvaɪələns bət ˈɔlsoʊ. ɪn ˈjoʊgə, ɪz stɛp wən. tɪ ˈpræktɪs ˈjoʊgə, fərst wi məst hɔlt ðə ˈʤəʤɪŋ maɪnd. bət gɪts ˈkɑmplɛks wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈtiʧərz, bɪˈkəz səm ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər səˈlɛktɪŋ ənd ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈtiʧərz, fər ˈkipɪŋ ˈstudənts seɪf. wɪn ðə ˈsɪstəm wərks, ðət ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən ɪz kənˈdəktəd baɪ ˈmæstər ˈtiʧərz soʊ ˈstudənts hæv tɪ du ɪt ðɛmˈsɛlvz. bət ˈivɪn ˈmæstər ˈtiʧərz ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðət ˈstudənts hæv tɪ bi səˈlɛktɪv: ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən ɛz ə ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ˈmæstər ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn ɪm ər hər, æsk ˈəðərz əˈbaʊt ðət ˈpərsən, ənd ɪgˈzæmɪn yourself,”*,” raɪts gyatso*, ðə ˈdɔˌlaɪ ˈlɑmə, ɪn hɪz bʊk ðə weɪ tɪ ˈfridəm. ʃʊd ˈænəˌlaɪz hɪz ər hər wərdz ənd actions.”*.” kloʊz æˈnælɪsɪs əv ə ˈtiʧər wɪl lɛd tɪ admiration,”*,” ðə ˈdɔˌlaɪ ˈlɑmə prɪˈdɪkts, ənd ðɛn, hi sɪz, ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ drɔp ˈʤəʤmənt əv ðə ˈtiʧər ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ rɪˈsiv ðə ˈtiʧɪŋ. ʃʊd nɑt bi ˈspɛndɪŋ taɪm rɪˈflɛktɪŋ əˈpɑn ðə fɔlts əv ðə master,”*,” hi sɪz. ˈbudə sɛd ðət wən ʃʊd nɑt rɪˈlaɪ əˈpɑn ðə ˈpərsən əv ðə ˈmæstər bət ˈrəðər rɪˈlaɪ əˈpɑn ðə ˈtiʧɪŋ, ðə ˈsəbstəns əv hɪz ər hər ˈtiʧɪŋ, ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ əv ðə ˈbudə. ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ rɪˈspɛkt ðə ˈtiʧər frəm ðə vˈjuˌpɔɪnt əv ðə ˈseɪkrɪdnɪs əv ðə ˈtiʧɪŋ itself.”*.” ðə ˈdɔˌlaɪ ˈlɑmə rɪˈgɑrdz ðə ˈstudənt ɛz ən ˈɛmti vɑz, ˈrɛdi tɪ kəˈlɛkt ˈwɪzdəm. ðə vɑz ɪz ˈəpˈsaɪd daʊn, ðoʊ ðə gɑdz maɪt reɪn daʊn ˈnɛktər, ɪt wʊd ˈmɪrli dreɪn daʊn ðə saɪdz əv ðə vase.”*.” ðə ˈpræktɪs əv brɪŋz ðə maɪnd ˈkloʊzər tɪ sərˈɛnəti wɛr ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈʤəʤmənt, noʊ ˈæŋgər, noʊ ˈʤɛləsi, bɪˈkəz ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən bɪtˈwin ˈjuˈɛs. ɪt kips ðə vɑz raɪt saɪd əp. aɪˈidə bielkus*: ˈjoʊgə wi kəm ˈɪntu ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈmoʊmənt baɪ ˈmuvmənt wɪθ ˈkɑnʃəs brɛθ. wi ˈkɑnʃəsli əbˈzərv ənd riˈlis ˈfilɪŋz ənd fɪrz əv ðə pæst ənd fˈjuʧər. ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl vɔɪs kwaɪəts ənd ˈoʊnli ɪz ˌriˈpleɪst wɪθ ən ˈɪnər ˈguˌru. ɪn ðɪs speɪs ju ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ əbˈzərv ˈjɔrsɛlf, ˈnutrəli ækˈnɑlɪʤ ənd əkˈsɛpt wət ɪz, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ˈkəmɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈbæləns. ɪn ðə ˈsaɪləns əv ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈmoʊmənt wi faɪnd ə dip əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən fər ɔl ðət ɪz. ɑr hɑrt smaɪlz frəm wɪˈθɪn. wɪˈθɪn ðɪs ʤɔɪ ðɛr ɪz noʊ rum fər judgment.”*.” bət wət əˈbaʊt ðoʊz ˈklæsɪz ðət ʤɪst wərk fər ˈjuˈɛs? ðə vɔɪs ˈbɑðərz ˈjuˈɛs ər hər ər hər mˈjuzɪk ər əˈnəðər ˈmoʊnɪŋ ər sˈnɔrɪŋ ər ðə dæm hit draɪvz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ dɪˈstrækʃən, ənd wi faɪnd ɑrˈsɛlvz əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈsɛtəl ðə maɪnd. wɪn ˈfilɪŋ ˈɪrəˌteɪtəd, sɪz chödrön*, kənˈsɪdər ˈwɛðər ðə raɪt rɪˈspɑns ɪz tɪ əˈtæʧ ɪt tɪ ˈsəmθɪŋ, laɪk ðə ˈtiʧər, ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ɑrˈsɛlvz: ˈlaʊzi wərld, ðiz ˈlaʊzi ˈpipəl, ðɪs ˈlaʊzi ˈgəvərnmənt, ðɪs ˈlaʊzi ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. ˈlaʊzi ˈwɛðər, ˈlaʊzi blɑ blɑ blɑ blɑ. pɪst ɔf, ju noʊ, tu hɑt ɪn hir, tu koʊld, aɪ laɪk ðə smɛl, ənd ðə ˈpərsən ɪz tu tɔl ɪn frənt, ənd tu fæt nɛkst tɪ mi, ənd ˈwɛrɪŋ pərfˈjum, ənd əˈlərʤɪk, ənd just—unnnh*! əˈnæləʤi ɪz ðət, laɪk biɪŋ ənd ˈwɔkɪŋ əˈkrɔs sænd ər əˈkrɔs kət glæs. ər ɪn ə fild wɪθ θɔrnz. ənd jʊr fit ər bɛr, ənd ju seɪ, ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst, ju noʊ, ˈrɪli ˈhərtɪŋ, ˈtɛrəbəl, tu ʃɑrp, tu ˈpeɪnfəl, tu hɑt. aɪ hæv ə greɪt aɪˈdiə! aɪ æm ʤɪst goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈkəvər ðə hoʊl wərld, ˈɛvriˌwɛr aɪ goʊ, goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈkəvər ɪt wɪθ ˈlɛðər. ənd ðɛn ɪt hərt maɪ fit anymore.”*.” wi kən ˈloʊˌkeɪt ɑr frəˈstreɪʃən ɪkˈstərnəli, ɪn ˈtiʧər ər ˈstudiˌoʊ ər ˈfɛloʊ ˈstudənts, ər wi kən ˈloʊˌkeɪt ɪt ɪn ðə ˈoʊnli pleɪs wɛr ɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli ɪgˈzɪsts, ðə ˈoʊnli pleɪs wɛr wi kən əˈliviˌeɪt ɪt: ɪn ɑr oʊn maɪnd. maɪ ˈtiʧər kɛnt bɑnd səˈʤɛsts ðət wɪn ə klæs ʤɪst ˈwərkɪŋ, wi kən ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈtrænsfɔrm ɪt baɪ ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn bandha*. tərn ˈɛni klæs ˈɪntu ən klæs! ənd wɪn aɪ hæv hæd ðə ˈdɪsəplən, səˈʤɛsʧən həz wərkt fər mi. wɪn aɪ hæv ðə ˈdɪsəplən, nɑt ðə fɔlt. haʊ ɛls kən wi ˈtrænsfɔrm ˈklæsɪz? baɪ ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ðə brɛθ, ɔn ˌrilækˈseɪʃən, ɔn loving-kindness*, ɔn ahimsa…*… wət ɪf ɑr ˈʤəʤmənt əv ə ˈtiʧər ɪz ˈpɑzətɪv? rɪˈmɛmbər ðət proʊˈhɪbəts hɑrm, nɑt ˈgrætəˌtud. ənd ɪf wi ɪkˈspɪriəns blɪs ɪn ə ˈjoʊgə klæs, ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ɪt θru ðə ˈʤəʤɪŋ maɪnd ˈɛniˌweɪ. nɛkst taɪm ju gɪt blissed*, ˈnoʊtɪs: ðə blɪs kəm fərst, ənd ðɛn ðə maɪnd sik ˈrizənz fər ɪt? hər ˈsikwəns! hər peɪs! hər əˈlaɪnmənt kjuz! ðət ˈmæʤɪkəl əˈsɪst! ɪf wi faɪnd ðət ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr staɪl brɪŋz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ blɪs əˈgɛn ənd əˈgɛn, ðə hɑrm ɪn ˈsikɪŋ ðət ˈtiʧər əˈgɛn ənd əˈgɛn, ɪn ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ər ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ˈgrætəˌtud ənd əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən? ənd ˈfaɪnəli, ˈwɛðər ə klæs wərks fər ˈjuˈɛs ər nɑt, ɪt kən ˈɔlˌweɪz hɛlp tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər waɪ ðə ˈtiʧər ɪz ɪn ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ. ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt ˈtiʧɪŋ ˈjoʊgə tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈwɛlθi. ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn hər laɪf, ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn hər biɪŋ, həz ˌɪnˈspaɪərd hər tɪ ˈhɑrnɪs hər hoʊl self—body*, maɪnd, ənd brɪŋ hɛlθ, pis, ənd ˈhæpinəs tɪ ˈəðərz. gɪft əv ˈdɑrmə ɪkˈsidz ɔl gifts,”*,” ðə ˈbudə sɪz. ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs hər gɪft. laɪk ˈɛləfənt ˈjoʊgə ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk. əˈsɪstənt ɛd: ˈʤudɪθ ˈændərsən ɛd: ˈkæθərɪn {ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: krɪs ˈʧæˌvɛz.}
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what about those classes that just don’t work for us?
you roll out of savasana feeling at peace, open-hearted, one with everything and everyone, and then someone on the next mat says, “i didn’t like that class.”
or maybe something more subtle—”what was up with that playlist?” or “how does she expect us to get into trikonasana that way?”
sometimes even “what’d you think?” is enough to harsh your mellow and bring you back to monkeymind. you’ve just been working for 60 or 75 or 90 minutes to stop thinking, and here you are being asked to think.
teachers often remind us not to judge ourselves or the yogis around us. here’s a classic example of that reminder from aida beilkus of boston’s health, yoga life studio:
“picture this: you are on your yoga mat in warrior ii and you look over to the mat next to yours. seeing that student, you check out their posture, and almost subconsciously, you hear a voice judging that person next to you. that voice is your internal one. that voice is judgmental. the judgment could be negative: ‘wow, that man has a major beer belly!’ or even more complicated is being positive toward someone else and negative toward yourself: ‘gosh, she is so good at this and i am horrible at it!’ “when you are in that moment of judgment not only are you judging, but more importantly you are not practicing yoga. yoga and judgment are like oil and water they never mix.yoga and judgment are mutually exclusive; you cannot truly be practicing yoga and judging people.”
if we’ve been practicing for a while we’ve gotten this message: we should not be judging other students or ourselves.
but who among us does not judge the teacher?
her classes are too hot/her classes are too cold/she goes too fast/she goes too slow/she’s hurting my back/she’s trying to kill us…
as aida says, yoga and judgment do not mix. if we’re judging the teacher, we’re not practicing yoga. so if we’re not practicing yoga, what are we judging, exactly? a workout, a performance, our own personal experience?
and what sense does it make to attach such judgments to a yoga teacher?
patanjali probably had a good reason for emphasizing the yamas as the first limb of yoga and ahimsa as the first of the yamas.
“the name of the first limb of the eighfold path, yama, originally meant bridle or rein,” aadil palkhivala tells us. “patanjali used it to describe a restraint that we willingly and joyfully place on ourselves to focus our efforts, the way a rein allows a rider to guide his horse in the direction he would like to go. in this sense, self-restraint can be a positive force in our lives, the necessary self-discipline that allows us to head toward the fulfillment of our dharma, or life purpose.”
the yamas are not just moral imperatives, they are practical steps to clear our minds for yoga. ahimsa—non harming—encompasses not only non-violence but also non-judgment. in patanjali’s yoga, ahimsa is step one.
to practice yoga, first we must halt the judging mind.
but non-judgment gets complex when it comes to teachers, because some evaluation is necessary for selecting and training teachers, for keeping students safe. when the system works, that evaluation is conducted by master teachers so students don’t have to do it themselves. but even master teachers acknowledge that students have to be selective:
“before actually taking someone as a spiritual master it is important to examine him or her, ask others about that person, and examine yourself,” writes tenzin gyatso, the 14th dalai lama, in his book the way to freedom. “you should analyze his or her words and actions.”
close analysis of a teacher will lead to “deep admiration,” the dalai lama predicts, and then, he says, necessary to drop judgment of the teacher in order to receive the teaching.
“listeners should not be spending time reflecting upon the faults of the master,” he says. “the buddha said that one should not rely upon the person of the master but rather rely upon the teaching, the substance of his or her teaching, the message of the buddha. it is very important to respect the teacher from the viewpoint of the sacredness of the teaching itself.”
the dalai lama regards the student as an empty vase, ready to collect wisdom. “if the vase is upside down, though the gods might rain down nectar, it would merely drain down the sides of the vase.”
the practice of ahimsa brings the mind closer to yoga’s destination—that serenity where there is no judgment, no anger, no jealousy, because there is no separation between us. it keeps the vase right side up. aida bielkus:
“in yoga we come into the present moment by yoking movement with conscious breath. we consciously observe and release feelings and fears of the past and future. the internal voice quiets and only is replaced with an inner guru. in this space you are able to observe yourself, neutrally acknowledge and accept what is, thereby coming into balance. in the silence of the present moment we find a deep appreciation for all that is. our heart smiles from within. within this joy there is no room for judgment.”
but what about those classes that just don’t work for us? the teacher’s voice bothers us or her cueing or her music or another student’s moaning or snoring or the damn heat drives us to distraction, and we find ourselves unable to settle the mind.
when feeling irritated, says pema chödrön, consider whether the right response is to attach it to something, like the teacher, outside of ourselves:
“this lousy world, these lousy people, this lousy government, this lousy everything. lousy weather, lousy blah blah blah blah. pissed off, you know, too hot in here, too cold, i don’t like the smell, and the person is too tall in front, and too fat next to me, and they’re wearing perfume, and i’m allergic, and just—unnnh! “the analogy is that you’re barefooted, like being barefooted and walking across blazing-hot sand or across cut glass. or in a field with thorns. and your feet are bare, and you say, this is just, you know, really hurting, terrible, too sharp, too painful, too hot. “do i have a great idea! i am just going to cover the whole world, everywhere i go, i’m going to cover it with leather. and then it won’t hurt my feet anymore.”
we can locate our frustration externally, in teacher or studio or fellow students, or we can locate it in the only place where it actually exists, the only place where we can alleviate it: in our own mind.
my teacher kent bond suggests that when a class just isn’t working, we can always transform it by working on uddiyana bandha. turn any class into an uddiyana-bandha class! and when i have had the discipline, kent’s suggestion has worked for me. when i don’t have the discipline, not the teacher’s fault.
how else can we transform classes? by focusing on the breath, on relaxation, on loving-kindness, on ahimsa…
what if our judgment of a teacher is positive?
remember that ahimsa prohibits harm, not gratitude. and if we experience bliss in a yoga class, we’re probably not experiencing it through the judging mind anyway. next time you get blissed, notice: doesn’t the bliss come first, and then the mind seek reasons for it? her sequence! her pace! her alignment cues! that magical assist!
if we find that a teacher’s particular style brings us to bliss again and again, what’s the harm in seeking that teacher again and again, in experiencing or expressing gratitude and appreciation?
and finally, whether a class works for us or not, it can always help to remember why the teacher is in the studio.
she’s probably not teaching yoga to become wealthy. something in her life, something in her being, has inspired her to harness her whole self—body, mind, and spirit—to bring health, peace, and happiness to others.
“the gift of dharma exceeds all gifts,” the buddha says.
she’s offering us her gift.
like elephant yoga on facebook.
assistant ed: judith andersson / ed: catherine monkman
{photo: chris chavez.}
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ʧɪp wɑz ə ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪnli ˈbjutəfəl soʊl. hi hæd ə juʤ smaɪl, ənd ə hɑrt əv goʊld. hi wɑz ə tru frɛnd. aɪ hæv soʊ ˈmɛni ˈmɛməriz əv ˈwɔkɪŋ əraʊnd ðə ˈkɔrnər ɔn ðə weɪ tɪ ðə steɪʤ, ənd ðɛr wʊd bi ʧɪp, ənd ˈsədənli bi ˈkrækɪŋ əp əˈbaʊt səm rɪˈdɪkjələs θɪŋ ənd ˈɛvriˌwən wʊd hæv tɪ weɪt ə ˈkəpəl ˈmɪnəts tɪ goʊ tɪ ðə steɪʤ. hi wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈfæməli ər hɪz wərk wɪθ səʧ praɪd. hi kɛrd. ɪt ˈrɪli hərts ðət wi lɔst ɪm. ˈivɪn æt ðə ˈvɛri ɛnd, ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ wɪθ ɪm ɪn ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, bi ˈlæfɪŋ ənd kəˈmændɪŋ ðə rum wɪθ hɪz juʤ ʤɔɪəs ˈprɛzəns. ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ˈoʊvərˌsteɪt ðə ˈifɛkt ðət ʧɪp hæd ɔn ˈʤərni, ənd ˈsəbsəkwəntli ɔn ðə ˈʤərniz əv ˈɛvəri fɪʃ fæn. hi wɑz ðɛr ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl stɛp əv ðə weɪ. hi fɛlt mɔr laɪk ə ˈbrəðər ðən ə ˈbʊkɪŋ ˈeɪʤənt. wi ər ˈrɪli goʊɪŋ tɪ mɪs ɪm. treɪ ˌænəˈstɑsioʊ (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ʧɪp ənd treɪ ˈbækˈsteɪʤ ˈdʊrɪŋ fɔl tʊr 1994
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chip was a genuinely beautiful soul. he had a huge smile, and a heart of gold. he was a true friend. i have so many memories of walking around the corner on the way to the stage, and there would be chip, and suddenly we’d be cracking up about some ridiculous thing and everyone would have to wait a couple minutes to go to the stage. he was always talking about his family or his work with such pride. he cared. it really hurts that we lost him. even at the very end, visiting with him in the hospital, he’d be laughing and commanding the room with his huge joyous presence.
it’s impossible to overstate the effect that chip had on phish’s journey, and subsequently on the journeys of every phish fan. he was there every single step of the way. he felt more like a brother than a booking agent. we are really going to miss him. – trey anastasio
(photo: chip and trey backstage during fall tour 1994)
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ˈæŋkərɪʤ, əˈlæskə tɪ ˌɪnˈstɔl lɛd ˌʤuˈlaɪ 30th*, 2008 baɪ ˈɛriəl ʃwɔrts əˈnəðər wɪn fər lɛd bəlbz: ˈæŋkərɪʤ, əˈlæskə plænz tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs kˈwɔrtər əv ɔl ðə ˈfɪksʧərz ɪn ðə leds*. ðə nu wɪl juz 50 lɛs ˈɛnərʤi ðən ˈkɑrənt ˈfɪksʧərz, ˈlidɪŋ ˈæŋkərɪʤ tɪ pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈseɪvɪŋz əv iʧ jɪr. ðə ˈsɪti həz ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd ˈmɪljən ɪn ðə plæn. sɪns ˈæŋkərɪʤ həz 85 deɪz ə jɪr wɪθ lɛs ðən 8 aʊərz əv ˈsənˌlaɪt, ˈɛnərʤi ɪˈfɪʃənsi ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz ər ˈkrɪtɪkəl tɪ ðə sərˈvaɪvəl. wɪθ ˈəðər ˈproʊˌgræmz ˈkərəntli ɪn ðə wərks, ɔn ðə raɪt træk. kri, ə lɛd kəmˈpoʊnənt ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər, ˈstɑrtɪd ðə lɛd ˈsɪti ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn 2007 ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ tɛst ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl, ənd ˈjusɪʤ ˈbɛnəfɪts əv lɛd ˈlaɪtɪŋ ɪn ˈsɪtiz əraʊnd ðə wərld. ˈəðər ˈsɪtiz ðət hæv ɔˈrɛdi kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ðə lɛd ˈsɪti ˈproʊˌgræm ˌɪnˈklud ˈrɔli, nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə; tərˈɑntoʊ, ɑnˈtɛrioʊ; tiˈænʤɪn, ˈʧaɪnə, ənd torraca*, ˈɪtəli. poʊsts rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈlaɪtɪŋ:
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anchorage, alaska to install 16,000 led streetlights
july 30th, 2008 by ariel schwartz
another win for led bulbs: anchorage, alaska plans to replace 16,000 streetlight fixtures—a quarter of all the streetlight fixtures in the city—with leds. the new streetlights will use 50% less energy than current fixtures, leading anchorage to potential savings of $360,000 each year. the city has invested $2.2 million in the plan.
since anchorage has 85 days a year with less than 8 hours of sunlight, energy efficiency initiatives are critical to the city’s survival. with other programs currently in the works, they’re on the right track.
cree, a us-based led component manufacturer, started the led city program in 2007. the initiative is designed to test the economic, environmental, and usage benefits of led lighting in cities around the world.
other cities that have already committed to the led city program include raleigh, north carolina; toronto, ontario; tianjin, china, and torraca, italy.
posts related to lighting:
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blɛr spɛnt ˈnɪrli θri jɪrz riˈsərʧɪŋ ənd ˈraɪtɪŋ ðə seɪnt sˈwɪndəl: ðə ˈmɔrmən skæm. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ə prəˈfɛʃənəl wərk əv nɑnˈfɪkʃən, hi wʊd ˈɔfən bərst ˈɪntu ˈlæftər æt ðə əv ðə fækts ðət hi ənˈkəvərd. hi hoʊpt ðət əˈlɔŋ wɪθ biɪŋ ˌɪnˈfɔrmd, ˈridərz wʊd bi ˈikwəli ˌɛnərˈteɪnd. blɛr ənˈkəvərd kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ˈɛvədəns əv ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk dɪˈsɛpʃən baɪ ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp bət hi hɛld noʊ grəʤ əˈgɛnst ˈkɑmən ˈmɛmbərz. laɪk ðoʊz əv ˈəðər riˈlɪʤənz, blɛr sɔ ðət ðeɪ ər gʊd ˈpipəl. ɪt wɑz fər ðɛm, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ hɪz nis ənd ˈnɛfjuz, ðət ðɪs ˈproʊbɪŋ æˈnælɪsɪs wɑz ˈrɪtən. hi ˈrɛʤɪstərd ən ˈkɑpiˌraɪt fər ðɪs bʊk ənd wɑz ˈsɛlɪŋ ðə. naʊ ðət hi həz pæst, ˈərnɪŋ ə ˈlɪvɪŋ frəm hɪz bʊk ɪz nɑt ə kənˈsərn. hɪz wərk ɪz biɪŋ ʃɛrd hir fər fri tɪ ˈɑnər hɪz ˈmɛməri. hi wɑz ə ˈwəndərfəl ˈpərsən hu ˈtruli ˈwɔntɪd tɪ si ˈpipəl bi ˈhæpi ənd fʊlˈfɪld. pliz pæs ɪt ɔn. ɪf ju ʃɛr ər kwoʊt ðɪs bʊk, du ɪm ðə ˈɑnər əv ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪm ə ˈkrɛdɪt. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ə fri ˈvərʒən əv seɪnt sˈwɪndəl: ðə ˈmɔrmən skæm ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl fər fri: ˈkɪndəl ˈvərʒən (faɪl ˈfɔrˌmæt .azw*) ˈɛksərpt: "ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2012 ˈpəblɪʃt ən rɪˈpɔrt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈmɔrmən ʧərʧ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ɪts ˈmɛni ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz, læk əv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl trænˈspɛrənsi, ənd juʤ ˈænjuəl ˈɪnˌkəm.... ə ˈrisənt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ ˈrɔɪtərz ɪn kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən wɪθ [ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtæmpə] ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi prəˈfɛsər [raɪən] ˈkrægən ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət ðə ʧərʧ ɪz ˈlaɪkli wərθ 40 ˈbɪljən təˈdeɪ ənd kəˈlɛkts əp tɪ 8 ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈtaɪðɪŋ iʧ year.”*.” blɛr ˈɔlsoʊ kriˈeɪtɪd ə tɪ ʃɛr hɪz ˈɪnˌsaɪts ˈɪntu ðə saɪˈkɑləʤi əv ˈmɔrmənɪzəm æt ðə 2006 ˈkɑnfərəns ɪn ˈjuˌtɔ, blɛr wɑz ə gɛst ˈspikər. hɪz ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən wɑz ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ˈjuˌtub: pɑrt 1 pɑrt 2 pɑrt 3 pɑrt 4 pɑrt 5 pɑrt 6 pɑrt 7 ənd pɑrt 8 blɛr, ju wɪl bi mɪst ˈɔlˌweɪz baɪ soʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl hu ju təʧt ɪn jʊr ʃɔrt laɪf. meɪ jʊr wərdz kənˈtɪnju tɪ təʧ ˈmɛni mɔr.
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blair spent nearly three years researching and writing the latter-day saint swindle: the mormon church’s $200-billion scam. although a professional work of non-fiction, he would often burst into laughter at the ridiculousness of the facts that he uncovered. he hoped that along with being informed, readers would be equally entertained.
blair uncovered compelling evidence of systematic deception by the church’s leadership but he held no grudge against common members. like those of other religions, blair saw that they are good people. it was for them, including his niece and nephews, that this probing analysis was written.
he registered an isbn copyright for this book and was selling the ebook. now that he has passed, earning a living from his book is not a concern. his work is being shared here for free to honour his memory. he was a wonderful person who truly wanted to see people be happy and fulfilled. please pass it on. if you share or quote this book, do him the honour of giving him a writer’s credit.
download a free pdf version of latter-day saint swindle: the mormon church’s $200-billion scam
also available for free: kindle ebook version (file format .azw)
excerpt: "in july 2012, businessweek published an in-depth report about the mormon church, including information about its many corporations, lack of financial transparency, and huge annual income.... a recent investigation by reuters in collaboration with [university of tampa] sociology professor [ryan] cragun estimates that the lds church is likely worth $40 billion today and collects up to $8 billion in tithing each year.”
blair also created a webpage to share his insights into the psychology of mormonism
at the 2006 exmormon conference in utah, blair was a guest speaker. his presentation was posted on youtube: part 1, part 2, part 3, part 4, part 5, part 6, part 7, and part 8.
blair, you will be missed always by so many people who you touched in your short life.
may your words continue to touch many more.
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signup* tɪ rɪˈsiv ə ˈdeɪli ˈraʊnˌdəp əv ðə tɔp lgbt*+ nuz ˈstɔriz frəm əraʊnd ðə wərld ə saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈkɑrdɪnəl həz rɪˈʤɛktɪd ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz ðət hi ɪz ˌhoʊməˈfoʊbɪk, seɪɪŋ ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl bɪˈkəz hi noʊz noʊ geɪ ˈpipəl. ðə ˈkæθlɪk ˈɑrʧˈbɪʃəp əv ˈdərbən, ˈwɪlfrɪd fɑks ˈneɪpiər, wɑz əˈməŋ ðə 115 ˈkɑrdɪnəlz hu ɪˈlɛktɪd poʊp ˈfrænsɪs ɛz hɛd əv ðə ˈroʊmən ˈkæθlɪk ʧərʧ ɪn mɑrʧ. bi əˈkjuzd əv homophobia,”*,” ˈkɑrdɪnəl ˈneɪpiər toʊld ðə saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑn meɪl ˈgɑrdiən ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, aɪ noʊ ˈɛni homosexuals”*”. hi ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈskraɪbd ðə pərˈmoʊʃən əv geɪ raɪts baɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɛz nu kaɪnd əv slavery”*”. ðə ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤɪz, wi ər ˈkɛriɪŋ aʊt ˈsəmˌwən əˈʤɛndə, ə nu kaɪnd əv sˈleɪvəri, wɪθ əˈmɛrɪkə seɪɪŋ ju gɪt eɪd ənˈlɛs ju dɪˈstrɪbjut ˈkɑndəmz, homosexuality,”*,” ðə ˈkɑrdɪnəl sɛd. saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈneɪʃən tɪ hæv ˈikwəl ˈmɛrɪʤ. læst mənθ, ˈkɑrdɪnəl ˈneɪpiər wɑz fɔrst tɪ əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz fər dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ɛz ə ˈsɪknəs ənd nɑt ə kraɪm. ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ən ˈɪlnəs ɪt ɪz nɑt ə ˈkrɪmənəl condition,”*,” hi toʊld ðə ˈstivən ˈnoʊlən ðə ˈkɑrdɪnəl həz sɪns əˈpɑləˌʤaɪzd tɪ ˈvɪktɪmz əv ʧaɪld əˈbjuz, seɪɪŋ wɑz ə ˈmɛdɪkəl kənˈdɪʃən ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈbjuz əv ˈʧɪldrən wɑz ə kraɪm.
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a south african cardinal has rejected accusations that he is homophobic, saying it is impossible because he knows no gay people.
the catholic archbishop of durban, wilfrid fox napier, was among the 115 cardinals who elected pope francis as head of the roman catholic church in march.
“i can’t be accused of homophobia,” cardinal napier told the south african mail & guardian newspaper on friday, “because i don’t know any homosexuals”.
he also described the promotion of gay rights by the us as “a new kind of slavery”.
“with the same-sex marriages, we are carrying out someone else’s agenda, it’s a new kind of slavery, with america saying you won’t get aid unless you distribute condoms, legalise homosexuality,” the cardinal said.
south africa is the only african nation to have legalised equal marriage.
last month, cardinal napier was forced to apologise for describing paedophilia as a sickness and not a crime.
“paedophilia is actually an illness – it is not a criminal condition,” he told the bbc’s stephen nolan .
the 72-year-old cardinal has since apologised to victims of child abuse, saying paedophilia was a medical condition and sexual abuse of children was a crime.
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pit ˈkæstər ˈsteɪsi braʊn, ðɛn ˈɛvərˌgrin steɪt pəˈlis ʧif, ədˈvaɪzd ɪts ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪn ʤun ðət ðə ˈkæmpəs hæd bɪˈkəm ənˈseɪf ənd ʃʊd bi ʃət daʊn fər ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðə ˌækəˈdɛmɪk jɪr. ˈkæmpəs pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz ər səˈpoʊzd tɪ meɪk ˈstudənts fil seɪf. læst spərɪŋ, əˈmɪd ˈproʊˌtɛsts, ˈstudənts æt ˈɛvərˌgrin steɪt ˈkɑlɪʤ bɪˈgæn tɪ si ðə ðə pəˈlis ɛz ə θrɛt. ənd ʤɔrʤ ɛs. ˈbrɪʤɪz, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt, simd tɪ ˈsɪmpəˌθaɪz wɪθ ðɛm. ðə ˈklæʃɪz æt ˈɛvərˌgrin steɪt, wɪʧ meɪd ˈnæʃənəl nuz, mɑrkt ðə kənˈvərʤəns əv ˈmɛni ˈkɑrənt θimz ɪn haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli rɪˈleɪtɪŋ tɪ haʊ ˈkɑlɪʤɪz ˈstrəgəl tɪ meɪk ˈstudənts əv ˈkələr fil ˈwɛlkəm ənd səˈpɔrtɪd. dɪz ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈseɪfti ˈmætər ɛz məʧ ɛz ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈseɪfti? hu gɪts tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd wɪʧ ɪz mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt? wɪn maɪt ðə praɪˈɔrətiz əv lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt bi aʊt əv stɛp wɪθ ðə ˈvæljuz əv ə ˈkɑlɪʤ? ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə spərɪŋ, ə rɪft bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈoʊpən bɪtˈwin ˈmɪstər. ˈbrɪʤɪz ənd ˈsteɪsi braʊn, ðə ˈkæmpəs pəˈlis ʧif. ə sɛt əv ˈdɑkjəmənts ənd ˈvɪdioʊ klɪps ðət ʃoʊ haʊ ˈtɛnʃən bɪlt bɪtˈwin ðə tu əˈfɪʃəlz ɛz ðə ˈkæmpəs fɛl ˈdipər ˈɪntu ˌdɪsəˈreɪ. 1 ɔn meɪ 23 mɪz. braʊn ənd əˈnəðər ˈɔfɪsər, ˈtɪməθi, rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ ə tɪp ðət ə prəˈfɛsər hæd bɪn ““cornered”*” baɪ ˈstudənt ˈæktɪvɪsts ɪn ən ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈbɪldɪŋ. ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ, ðeɪ ɪnˈkaʊnərd ə wɔl əv ˈstudənt ˈproʊˌtɛstərz hu rɪfˈjuzd tɪ lɛt ðɛm pæs. 2 ˈleɪtər ðət deɪ, ˈmɪstər. ˈbrɪʤɪz ˈsəmənd mɪz. braʊn tɪ ən ˌɪmˈprɑmptu ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ˈstudənt ˈæktɪvɪsts. hi toʊld hər tɪ kəm ɪn strit kloʊðz, wɪˈθaʊt hər gən. ˈstudənts ˌɪntərˈəptɪd, mɑkt, ənd bɪˈreɪtɪd ðə pəˈlis ʧif. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt 3 wɪn ˈmɪstər. faɪld hɪz rɪˈpɔrt ɔn wət ˈhæpənd ðət deɪ, hi ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt hæd ““ordered”*” ðə pəˈlis ʧif tɪ əˈgɛnst ˈkɑmən practice”*” ɪn ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈstudənts əˈnɑrmd ənd aʊt əv ˈjunəˌfɔrm. 4 ðə nɛkst deɪ, ˈæktɪvɪsts ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd ðə ˈɔfəs, ˈpɑrtli ˈkəvərɪŋ ðə ˈwɪndoʊz ənd səm əv ðə dɔrz tɪ ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ wɪθ ˈfərnɪʧər. ˈmɪstər. ˈbrɪʤɪz toʊld mɪz. braʊn tɪ kip hər ˈɔfɪsərz bæk. hi sɛd hi fɛlt seɪf əˈməŋ ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstərz, ənd hi simd tɪ si ðə pəˈlis ɛz ɛz ə ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti. lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt wər tɪ kəm in,”*,” ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈleɪtər sɛd, wʊd bi pərˈhæps ˈvaɪələns, pərˈhæps ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ˈprɑpərti, ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ðə students.”*.” 5 ˈvɪdioʊz əv ðə ˈproʊˌtɛsts meɪd ˈnæʃənəl nuz, ənd mɪz. braʊn feɪst ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm fər əˈlaʊɪŋ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən tɪ gɪt aʊt əv kənˈtroʊl. ʃi ˈplidɪd wɪθ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbrɪʤɪz tɪ vɔɪs hɪz səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈkæmpəs pəˈlis. 6 ˈfaɪnəli, ɪn ˈərli ʤun, mɪz. braʊn roʊt ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbrɪʤɪz ə lɔŋ ˈlɛtər ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðət ʃi kʊd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˌgɛrənˈti ðə ˈseɪfti əv ˈpipəl ɔn ðə ˈkæmpəs. ʃi səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ˈɛvərˌgrin steɪt kloʊz fər ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðə ˌækəˈdɛmɪk kˈwɔrtər. 7 ˈsɛvərəl wiks ˈæftər ðət, mɪz. braʊn ənd ˈmɪstər. ˈbrɪʤɪz wər kɔld tɪ ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ ˌbiˈfɔr steɪt ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz. ðə pəˈlis ʧif sɛd ʃi wʊd hæv ˈhændəld θɪŋz ˈdɪfərˈɛntli ðən ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt dɪd. ˈleɪtər ɪn ðə ˈsəmər, ʃi rɪˈzaɪnd. fər ðə fʊl ˈstɔri ɔn ˈɛvərˌgrin ˈmɛltˌdaʊn, rɛd ɑr ˈɑrtɪkəl. stiv ˈkɑləwɪʧ raɪts əˈbaʊt raɪts əˈbaʊt ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈpipəl ɪn ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri taɪmz, ənd ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈpipəl ɪn ˈɔrdəˌnɛri taɪmz. ˈfɑloʊ ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər @stevekolowich*, ər raɪt tɪ ɪm æt steve.kolowich@chronicle.com*.
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pete caster stacy brown, then evergreen state college’s police chief, advised its president in june that the campus had become unsafe and should be shut down for the remainder of the academic year.
campus police officers are supposed to make students feel safe. last spring, amid protests, students at evergreen state college began to see the the police as a threat. and george s. bridges, the president, seemed to sympathize with them.
the clashes at evergreen state, which made national news, marked the convergence of many current themes in higher education — particularly relating to how colleges struggle to make students of color feel welcome and supported. does emotional safety matter as much as physical safety? who gets to decide which is more important? when might the priorities of law enforcement be out of step with the values of a liberal-arts college?
during the spring, a rift began to open between mr. bridges and stacy brown, the campus police chief. here’s a set of documents and video clips that show how tension built between the two officials as the campus fell deeper into disarray.
1. on may 23, ms. brown and another officer, timothy o’dell, responded to a tip that a professor had been “cornered” by student activists in an academic building. outside the building, they encountered a wall of student protesters who refused to let them pass.
2. later that day, mr. bridges summoned ms. brown to an impromptu meeting with student activists. he told her to come in street clothes, without her gun. students interrupted, mocked, and berated the police chief.
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3. when mr. o’dell filed his report on what happened that day, he noted that the president had “ordered” the police chief to “go against common practice” in meeting with the students unarmed and out of uniform.
4. the next day, activists occupied the president’s office, partly covering the windows and barricading some of the doors to the building with furniture. mr. bridges told ms. brown to keep her officers back. he said he felt safe among the protesters, and he seemed to see the police as as a liability. “if law enforcement were to come in,” the president later said, “there would be perhaps violence, perhaps damage to property, damage to the students.”
5. videos of the protests made national news, and ms. brown faced criticism for allowing the situation to get out of control. she pleaded with president bridges to voice his support for the campus police.
6. finally, in early june, ms. brown wrote president bridges a long letter explaining that she could no longer guarantee the safety of people on the campus. she suggested that evergreen state close for the remainder of the academic quarter.
7. several weeks after that, ms. brown and mr. bridges were called to testify before state lawmakers. the police chief said she would have handled things differently than the president did. later in the summer, she resigned.
for the full story on evergreen state’s meltdown, read our article.
steve kolowich writes about writes about ordinary people in extraordinary times, and extraordinary people in ordinary times. follow him on twitter @stevekolowich, or write to him at steve.kolowich@chronicle.com.
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dɪˈspaɪt ðə ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ɪkˈstɛnt əv ˈkɔrəl ˈbliʧɪŋ əraʊnd ðə wərld, ə ˈmeɪʤər nu ˈstədi həz ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd "braɪt spɑts" wɛr ˈkɔrəlz ər duɪŋ sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈbɛtər ðən ˈɛniˌwən ɪkˈspɛktɪd. ənd ðə ˈrizən fər ðə ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪz ˈsɪmpəl: ɪt kəmz daʊn tɪ haʊ məʧ ðə ˈkɔrəl rifs ər fɪʃt baɪ ˈpipəl. ðɪs rɪˈzəlt həz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər haʊ rifs ər prəˈtɛktɪd, sɪz ʤæk ˈkɪtɪŋər əv ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl, wən əv ðə ˈstədiz ˈɔθərz. "moʊst rif ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən tɪ deɪt həz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn prəˈtɛktɪŋ ˈprɪstin rifs ɪn mərˈin prəˈtɛktɪd ˈɛriəz, bət wɪr ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðæts nɑt ɪˈnəf," sɪz ˈkɪtɪŋər. "wi hæv tɪ ˈɔlsoʊ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt kəˈnɛkʃənz tɪ wərld ˈmɑrkɪts." ðə nu ˈstədi wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ˈneɪʧər ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ənd wɑz ˈrɪtən baɪ 39 ˈsaɪəntɪsts frəm 34 ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz, frəm ˌjunəˈvərsətiz tɪ ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən grups tɪ ˈnæʃənəl ˌʤiəˈgræfɪks ˈprɪstin siz ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv. ðə rɪˈpɔrt wɑz taɪmd tɪ reɪz əˈwɛrnəs əˈhɛd əv ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkɔrəl rif sɪmˈpoʊziəm ɪn həˈwaɪˌi ʤun ən ɪˈvɛnt ðət ˈhæpənz ˈɛvəri fɔr jɪrz ənd brɪŋz ˈlidɪŋ ˈsaɪəntɪsts təˈgɛðər. ˈkɔrəl rifs hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈdæmɪʤd baɪ ˈwɔrmɪŋ ˈtɛmpərəʧərz ənd ˈraɪzɪŋ siz, θæŋks tɪ ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. ˈmeɪkɪŋ θɪŋz wərs ðɪs jɪr ɪz ə ˈwɔrmər ˈoʊʃən, θæŋks tɪ ə ˈsɪklɪkəl ɛl niño*. ənd əv fɪʃ kən bi laɪk ðə ˈfaɪnəl strɔ ðət breɪks ðə ˈkæməlz bæk. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ðoʊz rifs ðət ər mɔr ˈmænɪʤd hæv ə ˈbɛtər ʃɑt æt əˈʤəstɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌɪmˈpækts əv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ˈoʊvər taɪm, ˈkɪtɪŋər sɪz. əˈnætəmi əv ə braɪt spɑt tɪ ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstænd ðiz ˌɪmˈpækts ɪn ˈditeɪl, ðə tim kənˈdəktəd mɔr ðən ˈsərˌveɪz əv rifs ɪn 46 ˈkəntriz. ðə ˈsaɪəntɪsts faʊnd ðət ˈɛriəz ðət ɪkˈspɪriənst ðə moʊst ˈhɑrvəstɪŋ fər ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈmɑrkɪtˌpleɪs ʃoʊd ðə ˈbɪgəst lɔs əv fɪʃ ənd ˈəðər ˈspiʃiz, ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðə moʊst dɪˈklaɪn. ðoʊz dɪˈnudɪd 35 "dɑrk tɪ bi ˈskætərd əraʊnd ðə wərld, bət ˌɪnˈklud ˈmɛni ɪgˈzæmpəlz ɪn ðə ˌkɛrɪˈbiən, ɔf ˈæfrɪkɑ, ənd nɪr ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd pɑrts əv ðə indo-pacific*. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, rifs ðət ɪkˈspɪriənst mɔr səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈjuzɪz wər ɪn ðə bɛst ʃeɪp, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn 15 "braɪt spɑts." ðiz wər moʊst ˈkɑmən ɪn ðə ˈsɑləmən ˈaɪləndz, pɑrts əv ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə, ˈpæpjuə nu ˈgɪni, ənd ˌkɪˈrɪˈbɑti. (lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ɪn ˌkɪˈrɪˈbɑti.) wəts mɔr, ðə tim drɪld daʊn ɔn ðə braɪt spɑts ðeɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ənd faʊnd ə fju klɪr ˈpætərnz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt səˈpraɪz. wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt wɑz ðət ðoʊz ˈɛriəz wɪθ trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈtɛnjər raɪts ˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi ðə ˈhɛlθiɪst. ˈəndər ðɪs ˈsɪstəm, ˈloʊkəl ˈpipəl ər əˈlaʊd tɪ ˈhɑrvəst fɪʃ ənd ˌɪnˈvərtəˌbreɪts bət aʊtˈsaɪdərz ər nɑt. ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts wər moʊst prəˈnaʊnst wɪn ðə ˈpipəl wər moʊst dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn ðɪs ˈrisɔrs fər ðɛr ˈlaɪvliˌhʊdz. "wi θɔt ðɪs wɑz counterintuitive*," sɪz ˈkɪtɪŋər. "ju maɪt ɪkˈspɛkt ə haɪ dɪˈpɛndənsi ɔn ðə rifs tɪ min haɪ ˈhɑrvəstɪŋ ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ə dɑrk spɑt, bət wi faʊnd ðə ˈkɑnvərs ɪz tru. wət wi sɔ ɪz ðət ˈpipəl hu ər dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn ɪt ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈbɛtər stuərdz, pərˈhæps bɪˈkəz ɪf ðeɪ kræʃ ðət ˈrisɔrs ðeɪ ər ˈrɪli ɪn ˈtrəbəl." ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ˈɛriəz wɛr ˈfɪʃərmɪn kən kəm frəm ɔl ˈoʊvər ˈtɛndɪd tɪ ˈsəfər frəm ðə "ˈtræʤədi əv ðə ˈkɑmənz." ˈsɪmələrli, ˈɛriəz wɪθ lus ˈmænɪʤmənt əv ˈfɪʃɪŋ ˈtɛndɪd tɪ si mɔr rif ˈdæmɪʤ ðən ˈɛriəz wɪθ ˈbɛtər ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt. vju ˈɪmɪʤɪz fɪʃ ənd ˈkɔrəl goʊ hænd ɪn hænd, ɛz sin ɔn ðɪs rif ɪn ˈbɑli. ˈfoʊtəˌgræf baɪ tɪm ˈleɪmən, næt ˈʤioʊ ˈɪmɪʤ kəˈlɛkʃən ðə kəˈnɛkʃən bɪtˈwin fɪʃ ənd rifs ɪz ˌɪˈnɛkstrɪˌkəbəl, noʊts ˈkɪtɪŋər. fɪʃ kip ˈælʤi ɪn ʧɛk baɪ ˈkɑnstəntli ˈfistɪŋ ɔn ðɛr groʊθ. ɪf tu ˈmɛni əv ðə fɪʃ ər riˈmuvd baɪ ˈpipəl, ˈælʤi groʊ tu θɪk ənd sˈməðər ðə ˈkɔrəlz. əˈnəðər ˈfæktər ðət ˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi sin ɪn braɪt spɑts ɪz ə ˈrɛzəvˌwɑr əv dip ˈwɔtər nɪr ðə rifs, wɛr fɪʃ kʊd groʊ ənd hæv ə ˈbɛtər ʧæns əv ɪˈludɪŋ ˈkæpʧər. ˈseɪvɪŋ mɔr rifs? goʊɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd, ˈgəvərnmənts ʃʊd ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ˈmɑrkɪts tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈbɛtər ˈstuərdˌʃɪp əv ðə ˈoʊʃən, ðə ˈɔθərz ˈɑrgju. ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd kənˈsumərz kən ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪ ə roʊl baɪ dɪˈmændɪŋ mɔr səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈsiˌfud, rɪˈʤɛktɪŋ ənˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪd ənd ˈpaɪrət ˈfɪʃɪŋ, ənd ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ ðət ˈloʊkəl ˈpipəlz raɪts ər rɪˈspɛktɪd. "rif ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən kən bi dɪˈprɛsɪŋ, tɪ ɪt wɑz greɪt ðət wi faʊnd səm sidz əv səkˈsɛs wɛr θɪŋz ər ˈwərkɪŋ," sɪz ˈkɪtɪŋər. "wi nid tɪ ˈdəbəl daʊn ɔn ðoʊz." bət ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈræpɪd dɪˈklaɪn əv ˈkɔrəl rifs əraʊnd ðə wərld, "wi ˈrɪli doʊnt hæv məʧ taɪm tɪ gɪt ɪt raɪt," hi sɪz.
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despite the unprecedented extent of coral bleaching around the world, a major new study has also found "bright spots" where corals are doing significantly better than anyone expected. and the reason for the improvement is simple: it comes down to how much the coral reefs are fished by people.
this result has important implications for how reefs are protected, says jack kittinger of conservation international, one of the study's authors.
"most reef conservation to date has focused on protecting pristine reefs in marine protected areas, but we're finding that's not enough," says kittinger. "we have to also think about connections to world markets."
the new study was published in nature wednesday and was written by 39 scientists from 34 institutions, from universities to conservation groups to national geographic's pristine seas initiative. the report was timed to raise awareness ahead of the international coral reef symposium in hawaii june 19-24, an event that happens every four years and brings leading scientists together.
coral reefs have been increasingly damaged by warming temperatures and rising seas, thanks to climate change. making things worse this year is a warmer ocean, thanks to a cyclical el niño. and overharvesting of fish can be like the final straw that breaks the camel's back.
on the other hand, those reefs that are more sustainably managed have a better shot at adjusting to the impacts of climate change over time, kittinger says.
anatomy of a bright spot
to better understand these impacts in detail, the team conducted more than 6,000 surveys of reefs in 46 countries. the scientists found that areas that experienced the most harvesting for the global marketplace showed the biggest loss of fish and other species, and therefore the most decline. those denuded reefs—in 35 "dark spots"—tended to be scattered around the world, but include many examples in the caribbean, off africa, and near populated parts of the indo-pacific.
on the other hand, reefs that experienced more sustainable uses were in the best shape, resulting in 15 "bright spots." these were most common in the solomon islands, parts of indonesia, papua new guinea, and kiribati. (learn more about conservation in kiribati.)
what's more, the team drilled down on the bright spots they identified and found a few clear patterns, including a significant surprise. one of the most important was that those areas with traditional tenure rights tended to be the healthiest. under this system, local people are allowed to harvest fish and invertebrates but outsiders are not. the benefits were most pronounced when the people were most dependent on this resource for their livelihoods.
"we thought this was counterintuitive," says kittinger. "you might expect a high dependency on the reefs to mean high harvesting and therefore a dark spot, but we found the converse is true. what we saw is that people who are dependent on it are more likely to be better stewards, perhaps because if they crash that resource they are really in trouble."
on the other hand, areas where fishermen can come from all over tended to suffer from the "tragedy of the commons." similarly, areas with loose management of fishing tended to see more reef damage than areas with better oversight.
view images fish and coral go hand in hand, as seen on this reef in bali. photograph by tim laman, nat geo image collection
the connection between fish and reefs is inextricable, notes kittinger. fish keep algae in check by constantly feasting on their growth. if too many of the fish are removed by people, algae grow too thick and smother the corals.
another factor that tended to be seen in bright spots is a reservoir of deep water near the reefs, where fish could grow and have a better chance of eluding capture.
saving more reefs?
going forward, governments should regulate markets to encourage better stewardship of the ocean, the authors argue. companies and consumers can also play a role by demanding more sustainable seafood, rejecting unregulated and pirate fishing, and insisting that local people's rights are respected.
"reef conservation can be depressing, to it was great that we found some seeds of success where things are working," says kittinger. "we need to double down on those."
but given the rapid decline of coral reefs around the world, "we really don't have much time to get it right," he says.
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ðə ˈsɛˌtəp ˈlɪtərəli jɪrz ɪn ðə ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪn ˈeɪprəl əv 2012 aɪ bɔt ən ˈaɪˌfoʊn ðɪs foʊn stɪl wərks tɪ ðɪs deɪ (ˌʤuˈlaɪ 9th*, 2015 ɪt wərkt ˈpərˌfɪkt ɪn ˈtændəm wɪθ maɪ mæk ˈmɪni 2010 ənd maɪ ˈaɪˌpæd 2 frəm wɪn aɪ wɑz ɪn greɪd ˈilɛvən aɪ hæd plænd aʊt maɪ aɪˈdil ˈæpəl ˈɑrsənəl; ðə ˈaɪˌpæd wɑz ðə ˈəltəmət ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪs, ənd ðə ˈmɪni wɑz ðə bɛst ˈdɛskˌtɑp ˈæpəl kəmˈpjutər fər wət aɪ kʊd əˈfɔrd æt ðə taɪm, aɪ ˈfaɪnəli ˈfɪnɪʃt ɔf maɪ ˈfæməli wɪθ ən ˈaɪˌfoʊn. aɪ juzd ðɪs ˈtriˌoʊ fər ˈmɛni jɪrz tɪ kəm ənd ɪt wɑz ʤɪst ənˈtɪl ˈrisəntli aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ dɪˈvɔrs ənd ˈdɪstəns ˌmaɪˈsɛlf frəm ˈæpəl. ðə ˈprɪzən breɪk ðə græs ɪz ˈgrinər ðə ˈsəmər əv 2014 ɪz wɪn aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ʧeɪnʤ maɪ dɪˈvaɪsɪz ˌɪnˈtərnəli. naɪt ˈæftər naɪt aɪ lʊk æt maɪ seɪm oʊld ˈaɪˌkɑnz ənd kreɪvd ʧeɪnʤ. ju hæv gɑt tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd maɪ ˈmaɪndˌsɛt, aɪ ləv ɛsˈθɛtɪks ənd fɔrm, aɪ ˈwɔntɪd maɪ foʊn tɪ bi ən ɪkˈstɛnʃən əv ðət. bət aɪ wɑz lɑkt ɪn ðə ˈæpəl keɪʤ, ðeɪ ʧoʊz haʊ maɪ foʊn lʊkt, ənd ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ aɪ kʊd ʧeɪnʤ wɑz ðə ˈwɔlˌpeɪpər. soʊ aɪ jailbroke*. wət ɪz? ɪt ɪz ˈsɪmpli ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv riˈmuvɪŋ ˈhɑrdˌwɛr riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn ˈioʊs, sɔrt əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ju bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ənd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɔn jʊr ˈaɪˌfoʊn tɪ ə ˈdeɪnʤərəs ɪkˈstɛnt. ʤɪst stɑp æt ðə ɛsˈθɛtɪk ˈprɑpərti, ju kən ʧeɪnʤ ðə weɪ ðə foʊn bɪˈheɪvz; frəm ˈstɑrtɪŋ ðə mˈjuzɪk ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən wɪn ju ˌɪnˈsərt ˈhɛdˌfoʊnz ər ˌdɪˈseɪblɪŋ ðə foʊn frəm ˈɛvər ˈvaɪbreɪtɪŋ. ðə ˈɔpʃənz wər ˈlɪmətləs ər soʊ aɪ θɔt wɪn aɪ ˈpræktɪkəli ˈrɛndərd maɪ foʊn ˈjusləs baɪ ˈbɔgɪŋ ɪt daʊn wɪθ soʊ ˈmɛni twiks. aɪ ˈɛndɪd əp ˈklinɪŋ əp maɪ foʊn ənd ˈkipɪŋ ʤɪst wət aɪ ˈnidɪd, ənd kɛpt ɪt ˈprɪti sˈnæpi. wət aɪ noʊ wɑz ðət maɪ foʊn wɑz waɪ aɪ goʊ bæk tɪ ˈæpəl (ɪf aɪ bɔt ə nu ˈaɪˌfoʊn ɪt wʊd bi ˈrənɪŋ ðə nuəst riˈlis əv ˈioʊs wɪʧ hæv fər ə waɪl [ˈjuʒəwəli ə lɔŋ sɪks mənθ tɪ ə jɪr weɪt]). kju ɑr nɛkst ˈsɛkʃən (ðə dɪˈvɔrs). frəm maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn frəm maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn ðə dɪˈvɔrs ðə ˈpæsɪŋ əv ən ˈaɪˌfoʊn ənd nu ˈprɑdɪgəl sən wən ˈfeɪtfəl ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr maɪ ˌmækroʊɛkəˈnɑmɪks klæs maɪ ˈtrəsti ˈaɪˌfoʊn woʊk mi əp æt æm raɪt əˈweɪ aɪ ˈnoʊtɪst ðət maɪ ˈbætəri laɪf wɑz dˈwɪndəlɪŋ, wɪʧ wɑz ˈkjʊriəs du tɪ ɪt biɪŋ pləgd ɪn ɔl naɪt. ɛz aɪ ˈkɑmli traɪd ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ˈdɪfərənt kɔrdz, ˈʧɑrʤərz, ənd aɪ keɪm tɪ ðə ˈriləˈzeɪʃən ðət maɪ foʊn ˈɛvər goʊɪŋ tɪ ʧɑrʤ əˈgɛn. aɪ wɑz sɔrt əv raɪt, aɪ pləgd ɪt ɪn ˈrisəntli ənd lɛt ɪt ʧɑrʤ ˈəndər maɪ bɛd fər ə wik ənd naʊ ɪt ˈmæʤɪkəli wərks. bət ɪn ˈeɪprəl əv 2015 aɪ θɔt ʃi hæd bɪt ðə ˈbʊlət. ɛz aɪ lʊkt fər nu foʊnz aɪ tɔɪd wɪθ ðə aɪˈdiə əv baɪɪŋ ən ˈænˌdrɔɪd bət ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli kənˈsɪdərd ɪt. biɪŋ wɑz lɛs ˈkəmbərsəm ənd ˌɪnkənˈvinjənt ðɛn aɪ θɔt ɪt wʊd bi ənd gɑt əˈlɔŋ faɪn ənˈtɪl wən əv maɪ frɛndz hæd ən oʊld bæŋd əp ˈsæmˌsəŋ ˈgæləksi ˈnɛksəs ðət hi ˈɔfərd mi. aɪ ˈgreɪtfəli tʊk ðə fri foʊn ənd juzd ɪt ˈspɛrɪŋli (ɪt wɑz sloʊ ənd hæd ˈbætəri ˈprɑbləmz, bət aɪ kɛpt ɪt kloʊz fər ˈimərʤənsi ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz). aɪ ðɛn faʊnd aʊt əˈbaʊt ðə wən (ˈænˌdrɔɪd foʊn) ənd ˈɪnstəntli fɛl ɪn ləv wɪθ ɪt. ðə wən wɑz ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ aɪ ˈwɔntɪd ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv 350 juˈnik (ˈkəstəm ˈænˌdrɔɪd rɑm), fænˈtæstɪk frənt ənd bæk ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈkæmərə 5 13 megapixels*) juʤ ˈbætəri 3100 mɑ) ˈbjutəfəl bɪld kˈwɑləti. aɪ ˈfaɪnəli ˈɔrdərd maɪ nu drim foʊn ənd hæv naʊ hæd ɪt fər əˈbaʊt ə mənθ. wən fər ʃʊr, aɪ bi rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ən ˈaɪˌfoʊn ˈɛniˌtaɪm sun. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪŋ ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˌɪnəˈveɪtɪŋ naʊ sɪns greɪd ˈilɛvən aɪ hæv ʧeɪnʤd maɪ ˈsɛˌtəp sˈlaɪtli aɪ æm ˈkərəntli ˈtaɪpɪŋ ðɪs ɔn ə 2009 proʊ ðət aɪ snægd fər ən ˈizi 200 ənd ɪz ˈrənɪŋ ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈvərʒən əv joʊˈsɛmɪti. aɪ pɪkt əp maɪ proʊ fər ðə kənˈvinjəns əv skul ənd aɪ ləv ɪt mɔr ðən aɪ θɔt aɪ wʊd. tɔk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ðət pʊt ðət kəmˈpjutər təˈgɛðər, ˈæpəl. stiv ʤɑbz, dɪˈspaɪt hɪz ˈmɛni ˈʃɔrtˌkəmɪŋz θruaʊt hɪz laɪf, ðə mæn nu haʊ tɪ ˈɪnəˌveɪt ənd pʊʃ ðə ˈɛnvəˌloʊp wɪn ɪt keɪm tɪ dɪˈzaɪn. ʤɑbz ˈɔlsoʊ brɔt əˈbaʊt ə nu ˈprɑdəkt ˌrɛvəˈluʃən (ˈaɪˌpæd) ðət lɛft ˈsɪləkən ˈvæli maɪəlz bɪˈhaɪnd ɪn ðə ˈtæblət ˈmɑrkɪt. naʊ ðɪs ɪz ɪnˈtaɪərli maɪ əˈpɪnjən ənd aɪ fil ɛz ðoʊ ˈæpəl həz dən lɛs ˌɪnəˈveɪtɪŋ ənd mɔr ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪŋ. ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪŋ ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli ə tərm juzd ɪn ðə ˈsɛtəlmənt əv ə dɪˈspjut, bət aɪ juz ðə tərm fər ˈæpəl ɪn ðə pərˈspɛktɪv ðət ɪt ɪz ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪŋ bɪtˈwin ˈteɪkɪŋ rɪsks ənd biɪŋ ˈstægnənt. ˈæpəl ɪz ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə ˈjuzərz wət ðeɪ wɔnt ənd ˈbɪgər skrinz) ˈpipəl ˈɔlˌweɪz noʊ wət ðeɪ wɔnt, ənd ɪf ðeɪ du noʊ, ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪt tɪ ðɛm kən bi ə bæd aɪˈdiə. ˈhɛnri fɔrd hæd ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ seɪ əˈbaʊt ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən: aɪ hæd æst ˈpipəl wət ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd, ðeɪ wʊd hæv sɛd ˈfæstər horses.”*.” ˈhɛnri fɔrd ˈθɪnər, ˈlaɪtər, ˈfæstər. ˈleɪtli, ˈæpəl həz bɪn ˈæftər ðə pərˈsut əv ðiz, ðeɪ hæv meɪd ˈaɪˌpæd skrinz sˈmɔlər (ˈaɪˌpæd ˈmɪni) ər ˈaɪˌfoʊnz ˈbɪgər (ˈaɪˌfoʊn 6 ðeɪ hæv ˈædɪd ˈfɪŋgərˌprɪnt ˈskænərz tɪ səm bət ənd pʊt ˈrɛtənə dɪˈspleɪz ɔn ˈəðərz. naʊ aɪ heɪt ðə ər ðə skrin ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə nu ˈaɪˌfoʊnz bət aɪ æm ˈʤəmpɪŋ ʃɪp, ənd ˈlivɪŋ maɪ ˈæpəl ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm bɪˈhaɪnd. bɪˈkəz fər mi ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈprɑdəkt minz səˈpɔrtɪŋ ə ˈkəmpəˌni, ənd səˈpɔrtɪŋ ə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz sɔrt əv ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, ðəs ðə ““divorce”*”. səˈpɔrtɪŋ foʊn ˈmɑrkɪt ɪz ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ðɛm tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ bi ˈstægnənt wɪθ ðɛr kriˈeɪtɪvnəs wɪθ ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt dɪz nɑt ɛnd ðɛr. aɪ wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ juz maɪ kəmˈpjutərz bɪˈkəz ˈmækənˌtɔʃ ɪz ˈəltəmətli wət brɔt mi tɪ ˈæpəl ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. ənd maɪ ˈkɑmˌboʊ suts maɪ nidz ˈvɛri wɛl, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə bɪld kˈwɑləti ɔn ðiz məˈʃinz ɪz ənˈmæʧt baɪ ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈkəmpəˌni (ðɪs ˈlæpˌtɑp ɪz frəm 2009 ənd wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli lɪv fərˈɛvər).
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the setup – literally years in the making
in april of 2012 i bought an iphone 4s this phone still works to this day (july 9th, 2015), it worked perfect in tandem with my mac mini (2010) and my ipad 2. from when i was in grade eleven i had planned out my ideal apple arsenal; the ipad was the ultimate mobile device, and the mini was the best desktop apple computer for what i could afford at the time, i finally finished off my family with an iphone 4s. i used this trio for many years to come and it was just until recently i decided to divorce and distance myself from apple.
the prison break – the grass is greener
the summer of 2014 is when i decided to change my devices internally. night after night i look at my same old icons and craved change. you have got to understand my mindset, i love aesthetics and form, i wanted my phone to be an extension of that. but i was locked in the apple cage, they chose how my phone looked, and the only thing i could change was the wallpaper. so i jailbroke.
what is jailbreaking? it is simply the process of removing hardware restrictions on ios, sort of making you be able to change everything and anything on your iphone to a dangerous extent. jailbreaking doesn’t just stop at the aesthetic property, you can change the way the phone behaves; from starting the music application when you insert headphones or disabling the phone from ever vibrating. the options were limitless or so i thought when i practically rendered my phone useless by bogging it down with so many tweaks. i ended up cleaning up my phone and keeping just what i needed, and kept it pretty snappy. what i didn’t know was that jailbreaking my phone was why i couldn’t go back to apple (if i bought a new iphone it would be running the newest release of ios which doesn’t have jailbreak for a while [usually a long six month to a year wait]). cue our next section (the divorce).
screenshot from my iphone 4s screenshot from my iphone 4s
the divorce – the passing of an iphone and new prodigal son
one fateful morning, just before my 8:15 macroeconomics class my trusty iphone woke me up at 7:00 am right away i noticed that my battery life was dwindling, which was curious due to it being plugged in all night. as i calmly tried a combination of different cords, chargers, and plugins i came to the realization that my phone wasn’t ever going to charge again. i was sort of right, i plugged it in recently and let it charge under my bed for a week and now it magically works. but in april of 2015, i thought she had bit the bullet. as i looked for new phones i toyed with the idea of buying an android but never really considered it. being phoneless was less cumbersome and inconvenient then i thought it would be and got along fine until one of my friends had an old banged up samsung galaxy nexus that he offered me. i gratefully took the free loaner phone and used it sparingly (it was slow and had battery problems, but i kept it close for emergency situations). i then found out about the oneplus one (android phone) and instantly fell in love with it. the one was everything i wanted inexpensive ($350), unique (custom android rom), fantastic front and back facing camera (5 & 13 megapixels) huge battery (3100 ma) & beautiful build quality. i finally ordered my new dream phone and have now had it for about a month. one thing’s for sure, i won’t be returning to an iphone anytime soon.
the company – compromising instead of innovating
now since grade eleven i have changed my setup slightly i am currently typing this on a 2009 15’ macbook pro that i snagged for an easy $200 and is running the latest version of yosemite. i picked up my pro for the convenience of school and i love it more than i thought i would. let’s talk about the company that put that computer together, apple. steve jobs, despite his many shortcomings throughout his life, the man knew how to innovate and push the envelope when it came to design. jobs also brought about a new product revolution (ipad) that left silicon valley miles behind in the tablet market. now this is entirely my opinion and i feel as though apple has done less innovating and more compromising. compromising is usually a term used in the settlement of a dispute, but i use the term for apple in the perspective that it is compromising between taking risks and being stagnant. apple is giving the users what they want (wearables and bigger screens) people don’t always know what they want, and if they do know, giving it to them can be a bad idea. henry ford had something to say about innovation:
“if i had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses.” ― henry ford
thinner, lighter, faster. lately, apple has been after the pursuit of these, they have made ipad screens smaller (ipad mini) or iphones bigger (iphone 6+), they have added fingerprint scanners to some but and put retina displays on others.
now i don’t hate the iwatch or the screen variation in the new iphones but i am jumping ship, and leaving my apple ecosystem behind. because for me having a product means i’m supporting a company, and supporting a company is sort of a relationship, thus the “divorce”. supporting apple’s phone market is enabling them to continue to be stagnant with their creativeness with mobile devices.
however, it does not end there. i will continue to use my computers because macintosh is ultimately what brought me to apple in the first place. and my macbook/mini combo suits my needs very well, as well as the build quality on these machines is unmatched by any other company (this laptop is from 2009 and will probably live forever).
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ðɛr ɪz ə groʊɪŋ gæp bɪtˈwin gərlz ənd bɔɪz ənd noʊ, nɑt ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə weɪʤ gæp. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz, ˈmɛni ˈstədiz hæv ʃoʊn ðət bɔɪz ər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt frəm haɪ skul ənd əˈtɛnd ˈkɑlɪʤ ðən gərlz. ðeɪ ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ gɪt ɪn ˈtrəbəl ɛz wɛl, wɪʧ kən ˈlɪmət ðɛr pəˈtɛnʃəl kərɪrz. ɪt ɪz ˈizi tɪ seɪ ðət wɪl bi boys.”*.” ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə ˈrisənt ˈstədi simz tɪ pɔɪnt tɪ əˈnəðər kɔz: ər mɔr ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ðən gərlz tɪ disadvantage.”*.” ˌdɛtrəˈmɛnəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts səʧ ɛz groʊɪŋ əp ɪn ˈpɑvərti, ɪn ə bæd ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ər wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈfɑðər ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈnɛgətɪvli əˈfɛkt bɔɪz. ˈkɑnvərsli, ðə ˈstədi ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ðət bɔɪz wər məʧ mɔr rɪˈspɑnsɪv tɪ pərˈɛntəl ˌɪnərˈækʃən. ðɪs ˈʤɛndər gæp ˈɔlsoʊ əˈfɛkts blæk, ləˈtinoʊ ənd ˈɪməgrənt ˈʧɪldrən mɔr ðən ðɛr waɪt ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts. ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin bɔɪz ənd gərlz kən bi əbˈzərvd ɛz ˈərli ɛz ˈkɪndərˌgɑrtən wɛr bɔɪz ɔˈrɛdi lɛs priˈpɛrd ðən ðɛr sister,”*,” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz. ðə ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl bɔrd bɪˈlivz ðiz ˈifɛkts əv ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤz ɔn bɔɪz ɪz ˈtɛrəbəl ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli stɛm frəm ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈfæktərz. ˈmɛni ˌloʊˈɪnkəm ˈfæməliz ər lɛd baɪ ˈsɪŋgəl ˈməðərz, wɪʧ ˈstədiz hæv ʃoʊn tɪ əˈfɛkt bɔɪz ˈdɪfərˈɛntli ðən gərlz. ə læk əv ˈpɑzətɪv meɪl roʊl ˈmɑdəlz kʊd hɛlp bɔɪz kənˈklud ðət ˈmɛni əv ðə mɛn əraʊnd ðɛm ˈwərkɪŋ ər gʊd ˈfɑðərz, əˈfɛktɪŋ ðɛr ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən tɪ səkˈsid. ˈstændərdz əv ˌmæskjəˈlɪnəti ər ə ˈfərðər ˈhɪndrəns tɪ ðə ˈpərsɪnəl groʊθ əv bɔɪz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɛz ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ, wi bɪˈliv, ɛz ðə əv ˈwɪmən ənd ˈsoʊʃəl nɔrmz fər ˈwɪmən. frəm ə jəŋ eɪʤ, bɔɪz ər toʊld tɪ bi ““tough”*” ənd sˈwɔloʊ ðɛr ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz. ˈmɛni bɔɪz ˈsəfər tɪ ˈrɛkənˌsaɪl ðɪs ˈɪmɪʤ əv ˌmæskjəˈlɪnəti wɪθ ðɛr oʊn ˈfilɪŋz, ənd ðə ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl bɔrd filz ðɪs ˈɔfən lidz tɪ əˈgrɛsɪv bɪˈheɪvjərz ənd ˈvaɪələnt ˈaʊtˌbərsts. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðiz ˈstədiz, ə bæd stɑrt ˈərli ɪn ə ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl kərɪr wɪˈθaʊt ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən kən lɛd tɪ ˈfərðər ˈɪʃuz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ biɪŋ səˈspɛndɪd, pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ˈpurli ɔn ˈstændərˌdaɪzd tɛsts, ˈdrɑpɪŋ aʊt əv haɪ skul, kəˈmɪtɪŋ kraɪmz ɛz ˈʤuvəˌnaɪlz ənd dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ bɪˈheɪvjərəl ər ˈlərnɪŋ dɪsəˈbɪlɪtiz. mɛn ɪn ɑr soʊˈsaɪɪti ər ˈɔfən rɪˈfərd tɪ mɔr ˈfeɪvərəbli ɪf ðeɪ ər sin ɛz səkˈsɛsfəl ɪn ðɛr kərɪrz, ɛz wɛl ɛz wɪn ðeɪ ər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli səkˈsɛsfəl. wɪn ə ˈfæməli ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli ˈsteɪbəl ər well-off*, ðeɪ maɪt fil ðət ˈhɑrdʃɪp mɔr əˈkjutli bɪˈkəz əv ðiz səˈsaɪɪtəl ˈprɛʃərz. ðə ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl bɔrd bɪˈlivz wən weɪ tɪ ˈkɑmbæt ðɪs ˈʤɛndər gæp ɪz tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ bɔɪz, ɛz wɛl ɛz gərlz, tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs ðɛr ˈfilɪŋz ɪn ˈhɛlθi, ˈpɑzətɪv weɪz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv rɪˈzɔrtɪŋ tɪ ˈvaɪələns ər əˈgrɛʃən. ˈrisərʧ ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət ˈərli ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃənz θru ˈproʊˌgræmz səʧ ɛz ˌhaɪkˈwɑləti ˈpriˌskul ənd prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈmɛnˌtɔrz fər bɔɪz goʊ ə lɔŋ weɪ tɪ ˈhɛlpɪŋ bɔɪz səkˈsid ˈleɪtər ɔn ɪn laɪf. ˈfaɪnəli, ðə ˈdætə ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðɛr ɪz ə juʤ rɪˈwɔrd wɪn ˈpɛrənts spɛnd mɔr taɪm wɪθ ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən əv ɔl ˈʤɛndərz, bət əˈspɛʃəli ðɛr sənz. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈpɑsəbəl, əˈspɛʃəli fər ðoʊz ˈwərkɪŋ ˈfʊlˌtaɪm ər mɔr tɪ meɪk ɛndz mit, bət ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ meɪk ə kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ traɪ. ˈəltəmətli, rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈɪnˌkəm ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti ənd ðə gæps ðət ɪgˈzɪst bɪtˈwin ˈʤɛndərz, ˈreɪsɪz ənd soʊˌsiˌoʊˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈklæsɪz wɪl ˈbɛnəfɪt səm əv ðə moʊst ˈvəlnərəbəl, ˈjəŋgəst ˈmɛmbərz əv ɑr soʊˈsaɪɪti. laɪk wət jʊr ˈrɛdɪŋ? səˈpɔrt ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt, ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm ɔn ðɪs saɪt. ˈdoʊˌneɪt hir.
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there is a growing gap between girls and boys — and no, we’re not talking about the wage gap.
according to the new york times, many studies have shown that boys are less likely to graduate from high school and attend college than girls. they are more likely to get in trouble as well, which can limit their potential careers.
it is easy to say that “boys will be boys.” however, a recent study seems to point to another cause: “boys are more sensitive than girls to disadvantage.”
detrimental environments such as growing up in poverty, in a bad neighborhood or without a father are more likely to negatively affect boys. conversely, the study also found that boys were much more responsive to parental interaction.
this gender gap also affects black, latino and immigrant children more than their white counterparts. the differences between boys and girls can be observed as early as kindergarten where boys “are already less prepared than their sister,” according to the new york times.
the editorial board believes these effects of disadvantages on boys is terrible and probably stem from a variety of factors. many low-income families are led by single mothers, which studies have shown to affect boys differently than girls. a lack of positive male role models could help boys conclude that many of the men around them aren’t working or good fathers, affecting their motivation to succeed.
standards of masculinity are a further hindrance to the personal growth of boys in the united states, almost as damaging, we believe, as the objectification of women and social norms for women. from a young age, boys are told to be “tough” and swallow their emotions. many boys suffer to reconcile this image of masculinity with their own feelings, and the editorial board feels this often leads to aggressive behaviors and violent outbursts.
according to these studies, a bad start early in a child’s educational career without intervention can lead to further issues including being suspended, performing poorly on standardized tests, dropping out of high school, committing crimes as juveniles and developing behavioral or learning disabilities.
men in our society are often referred to more favorably if they are seen as successful in their careers, as well as when they are financially successful. when a boy’s family isn’t financially stable or well-off, they might feel that hardship more acutely because of these societal pressures.
the editorial board believes one way to combat this gender gap is to encourage boys, as well as girls, to express their feelings in healthy, positive ways instead of resorting to violence or aggression.
research indicates that early interventions through programs such as high-quality preschool and providing mentors for at-risk boys go a long way to helping boys succeed later on in life.
finally, the data indicates there is a huge reward when parents spend more time with their children of all genders, but especially their sons. this is not always possible, especially for those working full-time or more to make ends meet, but it’s important to make a commitment to try.
ultimately, reducing income inequality and the gaps that exist between genders, races and socioeconomic classes will benefit some of the most vulnerable, youngest members of our society.
like what you're reading? support independent, award-winning college journalism on this site. donate here.
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ˈfɪfˈtin ˈrɛbəlz hæv bɪn kɪld ɪn ˈklæʃɪz wɪθ ˈgəvərnmənt trups æt ə ˈbɔrdər ˈkrɔsɪŋ wɪθ ˈrəʃə, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ən eɪd tɪ ðə juˈkreɪniən ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈmɪnɪstər. ˈspikɪŋ ɔn ə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈproʊˌgræm leɪt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ˈænˌtɔn sɛd juˈkreɪniən ˈbɔrdər gɑrdz klæʃt ˈərliər ɪn ðə deɪ wɪθ ɑrmd mɛn hu keɪm frəm ˈrəʃə ɪn trəks ənd ən ˈɪnfəntri ˈviɪkəl, ənd traɪd tɪ krɔs ðə ˈbɔrdər æt ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ əv ɪn ˈistərn juˈkreɪn. sɛd ðə əˈtækərz wər səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ əˈbaʊt 100 ˈrɛbəlz hu keɪm frəm ðə juˈkreɪniən saɪd əv ðə ˈbɔrdər. hi sɛd faɪv juˈkreɪniən trups wər ˈɪnʤərd ənd 15 ˈrɛbəlz wər kɪld. ðɛr ˈbɑdiz wər ˈteɪkən tɪ ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ taʊn. ˈgəvərnmənt trups hæv fər wiks bɪn ˈklæʃɪŋ wɪθ ˈrɛbəlz hu dɪsˈmɪs ðə kiɛv ˈgəvərnmənt ɛz ˌɪlɪˈʤɪtəmɪt. ˈwɔrnɪŋ ɪn ə dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ɔˈstreɪljən praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈtoʊni ˈæbət sɛd ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ðət hi ɪkˈspɛktɪd vˈlædəmɪr ˈputɪn tɪ əˈtɛnd ðə grup əv tˈwɛnti ˈsəmɪt ðɪs jɪr ɪn ˈbrɪzˌbeɪn, dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈrəʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt biɪŋ bænd frəm ðɪs wiks grup əv ˈsɛvən ˈmitɪŋ. ˈrəʃə wɑz ækst frəm ðə ˈmitɪŋ ɪn ˈbrəsəlz ˈoʊvər ɪts ˌænɛkˈseɪʃən əv kraɪˈmiə, wɪθ ˈputɪn baɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ɪts ˈælaɪz sɪns ðə mɑrʧ ˈsiʒər əv ðə pəˈnɪnsələ. ɔˈstreɪljə ɪz ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈhoʊldər əv ðə ˈroʊˌteɪtɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənsi ənd hoʊsts ðə ˈlidərz' ˈsəmɪt ɪn ˈbrɪzˌbeɪn ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər. ˈæbət sɛd ðət waɪl hi ʃɛrd ˈsɪriəs kənˈsərnz ˈoʊvər ˈrəʃəz roʊl ɪn juˈkreɪn, ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ˈputɪn wʊd nɑt bi ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd. "ðə ɪz ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈmitɪŋ wɛˈræz ðə ər ðə həz ˈtɛndɪd tɪ hæv ə ˈvɛri strɔŋ sɪˈkjʊrəti kəmˈpoʊnənt," hi toʊld ɔˈstreɪljən ˈmidiə ɪn fræns leɪt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, wɛr hi wɪl əˈtɛnd ðə kəˌmɛmərˈeɪʃənz, əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ˈputɪn. "ˈɑbviəsli ðɛr ər ˈvɛri greɪv kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt ðə bɪˈheɪvjər əv ˈrəʃə ɪn juˈkreɪn ənd aɪ kən ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ðə ˈlidərz wər rɪˈləktənt tɪ sɪt daʊn wɪθ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈputɪn æt ðɪs taɪm." ðə grup ɪz kəmˈpraɪzd əv ˈbrɪtən, fræns, ˈʤərməni, ˈɪtəli, ʤəˈpæn, ˈkænədə ənd ðə ˈjuˈɛs. ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə sɛd ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ðət ˈrəʃə hæd tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz juˈkreɪnz ˈpɛtroʊ poroshenko*. hi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ˈmɔˌskaʊ məst wɪθˈdrɔ trups frəm juˈkreɪniən ˈbɔrdərz ənd stɑp ˈbækɪŋ ðə ˈrɛbəlz ˈistərn juˈkreɪn. ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈæftər ðɛr ˈsəmɪt, ˈlidərz wɔrnd əv ˈtəfər ˈsæŋkʃənz ɪf ðə kənˈdɪʃənz sɛt aʊt baɪ ˌoʊˈbɑmə wər nɑt mɛt.
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fifteen pro-russian rebels have been killed in clashes with government troops at a border crossing with russia, according to an aide to the ukrainian interior minister.
speaking on a television programme late on thursday, anton herashchenko said ukrainian border guards clashed earlier in the day with armed men who came from russia in trucks and an infantry vehicle, and tried to cross the border at the village of marynivka in eastern ukraine.
herashenko said the attackers were supported by about 100 rebels who came from the ukrainian side of the border.
he said five ukrainian troops were injured and 15 rebels were killed. their bodies were taken to a nearby town.
government troops have for weeks been clashing with pro-russian rebels who dismiss the kiev government as illegitimate.
g7 warning
in a seperate development, australian prime minister tony abbott said on thursday that he expected vladimir putin to attend the group of twenty (g20) summit this year in brisbane, despite the russian president being banned from this week's group of seven (g7) meeting.
russia was axed from the g7 meeting in brussels over its annexation of crimea, with putin cold-shouldered by the united states and its allies since the march seizure of the peninsula.
australia is the current holder of the rotating g20 presidency and hosts the leaders' summit in brisbane in november.
abbott said that while he shared serious concerns over russia's role in ukraine, there was no indication putin would not be invited.
"the g20 is an economic meeting whereas the g7 or the g8 has tended to have a very strong security component," he told australian media in france late on thursday, where he will attend the 70th d-day commemorations, alongside putin.
"obviously there are very grave concerns about the behaviour of russia in ukraine and i can understand why the g7 leaders were reluctant to sit down with president putin at this time."
the g7 group is comprised of britain, france, germany, italy, japan, canada and the us.
us president barack obama said on thursday that russia had to recognise ukraine's president-elect petro poroshenko.
he also said moscow must withdraw troops from ukrainian borders and stop backing the pro-moscow rebels destabilising eastern ukraine.
in a statement after their summit, g7 leaders warned of tougher sanctions if the conditions set out by obama were not met.
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ðə lædz rɪˈtərn tɪ waɪt hɑrt leɪn fər ɑr pərˈstiʤəs ˈfrɛndli əˈgɛnst ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ɪf ju kænt bi wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs, ju kən wɔʧ ə lɪv strim əv ðə mæʧ fri ɔn spərz ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən. ðə ʤaɪənts hu ˌɪnˈklud wərld kəp ˈwɪnərz ˈʤuljən ənd ˈbɛnədɪkt ɪn ðɛr skwɑd əraɪv æt ðə leɪn fər ə kick-off*. ɪts ðə fərst taɪm wiv stɛpt aʊt ɔn hoʊm tərf sɪns meɪ ənd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə fərst hoʊm mæʧ fər ɑr nu ˈkoʊʧɪŋ tim əv maʊˈrisioʊ pochettino*, ˈʤizəs ˈpɛrɛz, mɪˈgɛl ˌdægəˈstinoʊ ənd ˈtoʊni ˌhɪˈmɛˌnɛz. ɔl ju hæv tɪ du tɪ wɔʧ ðə strim əv ðə mæʧ ɔn spərz ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ɪz ˈrɛʤɪstər fri fər ənd ðɛn saɪn ɪn ɔn ðə deɪ. ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp həz ə hoʊst əv ˈbɛnəfɪts ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ spərz ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən naʊ wɪθ ɑr ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈvɪdioʊ vɔlt pləs ˈmægəˌzin ənd ɪkˈsklusɪv ˈwɔlˌpeɪpərz.
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the lads return to white hart lane for our prestigious friendly against schalke on saturday - if you can't be with us, you can watch a live stream of the match free on spurs tv.
the bundesliga giants who include world cup winners julian draxler and benedikt howedes in their squad arrive at the lane for a 5.30pm kick-off.
it's the first time we've stepped out on home turf since may and represents a first home match for our new coaching team of mauricio pochettino, jesus perez, miguel d'agostino and toni jimenez.
all you have to do to watch the stream of the match on spurs tv is register free for e-hotspur and then sign in on the day.
e-hotspur membership has a host of benefits including access to spurs tv - now with our improved video vault - plus e-hotspur magazine and exclusive wallpapers.
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ənˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈɔlˌweɪz kəmz wɪθ ən ˈæstərɪsk. təˈdeɪ sprɪnt həz əˈnaʊnst ðət ɪt wɪl bɪˈgɪn ˈkəstəmərz hu juz ˈoʊvər ə mənθ ɪn ə muv tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ə ˈbɛtər ˈnɛtˌwərk fər ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ɪts ˈjuzərz. ðə ˈkɛriər sɪz ɪt wɪl ˈoʊnli sloʊ daʊn ˈjuzərz hu ər ɪn kənˈʤɛstɪd ˈɛriəz ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈbɪzi taɪmz əv deɪ. əˈfɛktɪd ˈkəstəmərz ʃʊd ðɛn hæv ðɛr spidz rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈnɔrməl wəns ðə ˈtræfɪk æt ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr sɛl saɪt goʊz bæk daʊn ər ðə ˈjuzər kəˈnɛkts ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt loʊˈkeɪʃən ðət ɪz lɛs bɔgd daʊn. ðɪs ʧeɪnʤ wɪl teɪk ˈifɛkt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli, əˈfɛktɪŋ ˈkəstəmərz hu saɪn əp fər ə nu ˈdætə plæn təˈdeɪ ənd səbˈskraɪbərz hu ʧuz tɪ ˈəpˈgreɪd ðɛr ˈhændˌsɛt waɪl steɪɪŋ ɔn ən ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ənˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈdætə plæn. ðɪs taɪp əv ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈmænɪʤmənt ɪz ˈhɑrdli juˈnik tɪ sprɪnt. ˈəðər ˈkɛriərz hæv lɔŋ hæd ˈsɪmələr ər mɔr riˈstrɪktɪv ˈpɑləsiz, wɪθ ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr drɔɪŋ aɪr fər ðə weɪ ɪt θˈrɑtəld ˈjuzərz ɔn ɪts oʊld ənˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈdætə plænz. sɔrs: sprɪnt
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unlimited always comes with an asterisk. today sprint has announced that it will begin deprioritizing customers who use over 23gb a month in a move to maintain a better network for the majority of its users.
the carrier says it will only slow down users who are in congested areas during busy times of day. affected customers should then have their speeds return to normal once the traffic at a particular cell site goes back down or the user connects in a different location that is less bogged down.
this change will take effect immediately, affecting customers who sign up for a new data plan today and subscribers who choose to upgrade their handset while staying on an existing unlimited data plan.
this type of network management is hardly unique to sprint. other carriers have long had similar or more restrictive policies, with at&t in particular drawing ire for the way it throttled users on its old unlimited data plans.
source:
sprint
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ðə moʊst ənˈkəmfərtəbəl kˈwɛʃən ɪn ˈɛvəri riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp: wəts jʊr ˈnəmbər? ɛz ɪn, haʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl hæv ju slɛpt wɪθ? tɪ faɪnd aʊt ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈnəmbər əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈpɑrtnərz ə ˈpərsən həz hæd ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈfilɪŋz sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt, ə ˈrisənt ˈstədi ˈsərˌveɪd ˈoʊvər ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd ˈjʊrəp. tərnz aʊt, ðə ˈævərɪʤ əˈmɛrɪkən həz hæd ˈpɑrtnərz waɪl ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˌjʊrəˈpiən həz hæd ɔn tɔp əv ðə ˈmidiən kaʊnts, əˈmɛrɪkəz haɪz ənd loʊz reɪnʤd æt məʧ mɔr ˈdræstɪk ɪkˈstrimz, frəm (ˈjuˌtɔ) tɪ (luˌiziˈænə), ˈvərsəz. ˈjʊrəps (ˈɪtəli) tɪ (uk*). ðə ˈsərˌveɪ ˈɔlsoʊ æst ðə pɑrˈtɪsəpənts æt wət ˈnəmbər ðeɪ kənˈsɪdərd ˈsəmˌwən tɪ bi "tu ˈproʊmɪskwəs." ˈwɪmən ˈænsərd waɪl mɛn sɛd 14 boʊθ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈkloʊsli əˈgrid ɔn ðə "aɪˈdil ˈnəmbər" əv ˈpɑrtnərz fər ˈsəmˌwən tɪ hæv ɪn ðɛr ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm æt (ˈwɪmən) ənd (mɛn). ˈlæstli, wɪn æst wət kaʊnt ðeɪ θɔt əv ɛz "tu ˈsɛkʃuəli kənˈsərvətɪv," fræns, ˈpɔrʧəgəl, ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ðə uk*, ənd ˈɪtəli ɔl ˌriˈpɔrtəd tu. ˈɔstriə wɑz ðə klɪr ˈaʊtlaɪər, seɪɪŋ ðət ˈsɛvən ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈpɑrtnərz wɑz ˈprudɪʃ. ˈoʊˈkeɪ, ˈɔstriə! wɛr dɪz jʊr ˈnəmbər fɔl? rɪˈleɪtɪd ɪz ˈkɪsɪŋ kənˈsɪdərd ˈʧitɪŋ? 44 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈsərˌveɪ rɪˈspɑndənts seɪ "ɪt dɪˈpɛndz"
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the most uncomfortable question in every relationship: what's your number? as in, how many people have you slept with? to find out the average number of sexual partners a person has had as well as the feelings surrounding the subject, a recent study surveyed over 2,000 people in the us and europe. turns out, the average american has had 7.2 partners while the average european has had 6.2. on top of the median counts, america's highs and lows ranged at much more drastic extremes, from 2.6 (utah) to 15.7 (louisiana), vs. europe's 5.4 (italy) to 7.0 (uk).
the survey also asked the participants at what number they considered someone to be "too promiscuous." women answered 15.2 while men said 14; both, however, closely agreed on the "ideal number" of partners for someone to have in their lifetime at 7.5 (women) and 7.5 (men). lastly, when asked what count they thought of as "too sexually conservative," france, portugal, the us, the uk, and italy all reported two. austria was the clear outlier, saying that seven sexual partners was prudish. ok, austria!
where does your number fall?
related
is kissing considered cheating? 44 percent of survey respondents say "it depends"
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there’s* bɪn ə speɪs reɪs ɪn ðə ˈsərfɪŋ wərld ˈoʊvər ðə læst fju jɪrz. ðə ˈrəʃənz hæv ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ɪt, ðoʊ (ɛz fɑr ɛz aɪ noʊ). ə reɪs fər ə ˈfʊli ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ ˈpəblɪk weɪv pul, ənd wən wɪθ ˈdisənt weɪvz. ðə wɪʧ, soʊ fɑr, ɪz ðə moʊst ˈprɑməsɪŋ. ðə weɪvz wərk. waɪl nɑt juʤ, mɔr laɪk weɪvz ðən ˈnɪrli ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls aʊt ðɛr, əˈpɑrt frəm ˈækʧəwəl weɪvz. ˈkɛli weɪv ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz tɔkt əˈbaʊt, bət ðə ˈtɔkɪŋ ənd ə fju ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪps ər əˈbaʊt ɔl sin. əˈmɛrɪkən weɪv məˈʃinz ɪz duɪŋ ə ˈprɪti bæŋ əp ʤɑb, ənd əv kɔrs, ˈwɛbər weɪv pulz ɪz ˈrumərd tɪ hæv sɪˈkjʊrd ə loʊˈkeɪʃən fər ə ˈsənˌʃaɪn koʊst rɪˈzɔrt ˈoʊpənɪŋ ɪn 2016 bət wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈwərkəbəl weɪv pulz, noʊ ˈkaʊntɪŋ ðɛr ˈʧɪkənz ənˈtɪl ðeɪ hæʧ. wɪθ ə ˈrisənt dɪˈvɛləpmənt, wən mɔr ɛg ɪn ðə ˈbæskət. ən ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ fərm kɔld ərup həz pərˈzɛnəd ə prəˈpoʊzəl tɪ bɪld ə ˈmæsɪv ˈfloʊtɪŋ biʧ ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv vɪkˈtɔriə ˈhɑrbər. dɪˈzaɪnərz seɪ ðət ðə weɪvz wʊd ˈtrævəl fər əraʊnd 500 fit, ənd wʊd bi ˈnɪrli 100 fit waɪd. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə weɪvz, ðə ˈfloʊtɪŋ pɑrk wʊd ˌɪnˈklud ə ˈsændi biʧ, ə lɔn ˈɛriə, ənd ə pul. ˈfɪltərd ˈsiˌwɔtər wʊd bi drɔn ɪn frəm ðə ˈhɑrbər ənd ˈhitɪd ɔl jɪr. ərup prəˈpoʊzd ðə aɪˈdiə ˈæftər ə ˈmɛlbərn ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt neɪmd ˈdeɪmiən ˈrɑʤərz əˈproʊʧt ðɛm wɪθ ɪt. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə eɪʤ, ðə fəˈsɪlɪti wʊd kɔst ˈəpwərdz əv 8 ˈmɪljən tɪ bɪld, ənd ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ˈsikɪŋ ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfəndɪŋ, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈsɪti əv ˈmɛlbərn wʊd stɪl nid tɪ əˈpruv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ˌbiˈfɔr kənˈstrəkʃən bɪˈgɪnz. ˈsərfərz wʊd bi ʧɑrʤd ə fi tɪ juz ðə pɑrk, bət biʧ ˈækˌsɛs wʊd bi fri.
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there’s been a space race in the surfing world over the last few years. the russians have nothing to do with it, though (as far as i know). it’s a race for a fully functioning public wave pool, and one with decent waves. there’s the wavegarden which, so far, is the most promising. the waves work. while they’re not huge, they’re more like waves than nearly anything else out there, apart from actual waves. kelly slater’s wave company is always talked about, but the talking and a few prototypes are about all we’ve seen. american wave machines is doing a pretty bang up job, and of course, webber wave pools is rumored to have secured a location for a sunshine coast resort opening in 2016. but when it comes to workable wave pools, no one’s counting their chickens until they hatch.
with a recent development, there’s one more egg in the basket. an engineering firm called arup has presented a proposal to build a massive floating beach in the middle of melbourne’s victoria harbor. designers say that the waves would travel for around 500 feet, and would be nearly 100 feet wide. in addition to the waves, the floating park would include a sandy beach, a lawn area, and a pool. filtered seawater would be drawn in from the harbor and heated all year.
arup proposed the idea after a melbourne architect named damian rogers approached them with it. according to the age, the facility would cost upwards of $8 million to build, and the company is seeking private investors as opposed to government funding, although the city of melbourne would still need to approve the project before construction begins. surfers would be charged a fee to use the park, but beach access would be free.
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pɑrˈtɪsəpənts wər rɪˈkrutɪd ˈviə ˈɔnˌlaɪn kəmˈjunɪtiz sɛks, ər tɔk əv ɪt, ɪz ˈɛvriˌwɛr, ˈwɛðər ˈfɪlɪŋ ɑr ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən skrinz ər ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz æt ðə bɑr ˈæftər wərk. ˌɪˈmæʤən ðɛn ðət wən əv ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd wən pər sɛnt əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən hu ˈæˌkʧuəli hæv ˈɛni ˈsɛkʃuəl dɪˈzaɪər ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ˈstætəs ˈjuʒəwəli rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz biɪŋ ““asexual”*”. wət ɪz ɪt laɪk fər səʧ ˈpipəl tɪ out”*” ənd tɛl ðə wərld ðət ðɪs ɪz ðə weɪ ðeɪ ər? fər ə nu ˈstədi ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈɑrˌkaɪvz əv ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər, ˌnɪkəˈlɛt ˈrɑbɪnz æt jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd hər ˈkɑligz æst 169 eɪˈsɛksjuəl ˈpipəl tɪ raɪt ən ˈoʊpəˌnɛndəd əˈkaʊnt əv ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ðɛr eɪˈsɛksjuəl aɪˈdɛntəˌti ənd ðə dɪˈskloʊʒər əv ðət aɪˈdɛntəˌti tɪ ˈəðərz. ðə pɑrˈtɪsəpənts wər ˌprɪˈdɑmənənˌtli, bət nɑt ɪkˈsklusɪvli, jəŋ ˈwɪmən ənd ðeɪ wər rɪˈkrutɪd θru θri ˈɔnˌlaɪn eɪˈsɛksjuəl kəmˈjunɪtiz: ɑˈveɪn, ənd livejournal*. ðɛr ˈænsərz gɪv ˈɪnˌsaɪts ˈɪntu ðɛr ˈmoʊtɪvz fər ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt, ðɛr ˈfrikˌwɛnt rɪˈlif æt ˈfaɪndɪŋ ənd ˈʃɛrɪŋ ðɛr aɪˈdɛntəˌti, ənd ðeɪ prəˈvaɪd ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv haʊ ðɛr dɪˈskloʊʒərz wər rɪˈsivd, boʊθ ˈpɑzətɪvli ənd ˈnɛgətɪvli. ðə pɑrˈtɪsəpənts roʊt əˈbaʊt strɔŋ ˈfilɪŋz əv ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən ənd ˌlɪˌbərˈeɪʃən əˈpɑn dɪˈskəvərɪŋ ˈɔnˌlaɪn eɪˈsɛksjuəl kəmˈjunɪtiz. ˈmɛni sɛd ðeɪ ˈsəbsəkwəntli ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ kəm aʊt ɛz eɪˈsɛksjuəl soʊ ðət ðɛr frɛndz ənd ˈfæməli kʊd ˌəndərˈstænd ðɛm ˈbɛtər, ənd tɪ ˈkaʊntər ðə ˈprɛʃər tɪ mit ˈkəlʧərəl ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ˈsɛkʃuəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps. ˈəðər pɑrˈtɪsəpənts hæd ˈoʊnli dɪˈskloʊzd tɪ ðɛr roʊˈmæntɪk ˈpɑrtnərz, ɛz ə weɪ tɪ nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt ðə tərmz əv ðɛr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp. waɪl ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈmɛsɪʤ frəm ðə ˈstədi ɪz əv ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt ɛz ə ˈpɑzətɪv, ɪmˈpaʊərɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns, ˈmɛni pɑrˈtɪsəpənts dɪˈskraɪbd ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ˈnɛgətɪv riˈækʃənz frəm ˈəðərz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wən ˈwʊmən sɛd: frɛndz bɪˈliv mi. wən ɪgˈzækt rɪˈspɑns wɑz nɑt ə tree'”*'”. ˈəðərz spoʊk əv ðə weɪ ˈpipəl ˈfrikwɛntli toʊld ðɛm ɪt wɑz ə phase”*” ənd ðət fil ˈdɪfərˈɛntli wəns ðeɪ mɛt ðə person”*”. səm pɑrˈtɪsəpənts hæd sɔt səˈpɔrt frəm ˈlɛzbiən ər geɪ frɛndz, nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz wɪθ məʧ səkˈsɛs: keɪm aʊt tɪ maɪ ˈlɛzbiən frɛnd. ʃi læft æt mi ənd toʊld mi ðət aɪ wɑz biɪŋ rɪˈdɪkjələs maɪ ˈloʊkəl geɪ sˈwɪʧˌbɔrd toʊld mi ðət ɪgˈzɪst ənd ðət ˈɛvriˌwən wɔnts tɪ someone.”*.” ˈəðər pɑrˈtɪsəpənts sɛd bɪn pathologised*: bɪn kɔld ənˈnæʧərəl, ənd hæd ˈpipəl əˈtɛmpt tɪ fɪks mi baɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ mi tɪ saɪˈkɑləʤəsts ənd ˈθɛrəpɪsts wɪˈθaʊt maɪ consent.”*.” bət ðɛr wər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈkaʊnts əv ˈpɑzətɪv riˈækʃənz: aɪ toʊld maɪ ˈpɛrənts, maɪ mɑm wɑz ɛkˈstætɪk. ʃi nu ðət aɪ hæd ˈlɪtəl tɪ noʊ ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈfilɪŋz groʊɪŋ əp, soʊ ʃi θɔt ɪt wɑz greɪt ðət aɪ faʊnd ðə tərm eɪˈsɛksjuəl tɪ myself.”*.” əˈnəðər pɑrˈtɪsəpənt sɛd: aɪ toʊld maɪ frɛndz nən əv ðɛm wər ˈrɪli ʃɑkt. ðeɪ hæd ˈfɪgjərd ɪt aʊt lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ did.”*.” nɑt ɔl ðə pɑrˈtɪsəpənts hæd ˈʧoʊzən tɪ kəm aʊt, ˈmeɪnli bɪˈkəz səm ʤɪst si ðɛr eɪˈsɛksjuəl ˈstætəs ɛz ə bɪg dil: ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən ɪz nɑt ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪˈnəf pɑrt əv maɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌti fər mi tɪ nid tɪ ʃɛr ɪt wɪθ others.”*.” beɪst ɔn ðɛr participants’*’ əˈkaʊnts, ðə ˈrisərʧərz hæv prəˈpoʊzd ə ˈmɑdəl əv ðə eɪˈsɛksjuəl ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪθ sɪks ˈsteɪʤɪz frəm confusion”*” ɔl ðə weɪ tɪ integration”*” wɪθ ˈmɛni əv ðə aɪˈdiəz rɪˈzɛmbəlɪŋ ˈsɪmələr ˈθɪriz prəˈpoʊzd fər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv geɪ ənd ˈlɛzbiən aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz. bət ˈrɑbɪnz ənd hər tim ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðɪs ɪz ɔl ˈvɛri prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈæftər ɔl, ðɛr ˈsæmpəl wɑz kənˈfaɪnd tɪ ˈpipəl hu hæv pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈfɔrəmz ənd ðeɪ du nɑt mɛnt tɪ ˌɪmˈpoʊz ər səˈʤɛst ðɛr ɪz ə ˈnɔrməl weɪ fər eɪˈsɛksjuəl aɪˈdɛntəˌti tɪ ˈimərʤ. ˈrisərʧ ɔn ɪz ˈnidɪd ˌbiˈfɔr kənˈkluʒənz kən bi drɔn əˈbaʊt haʊ aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz ˈimərʤ wɪˈθɪn ðɪs community,”*,” ðeɪ sɛd. ˈrɑbɪnz, ɛn., loʊ, keɪ., kˈwiri, ə. 2016 ə kˈwɑləˌteɪtɪv ˌɛksplərˈeɪʃən əv ðə out”*” ˈprɔˌsɛs fər eɪˈsɛksjuəl ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ˈɑrˌkaɪvz əv ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər, 45 3 dɔɪ: reading—*— ɑˈveɪn ðə eɪˈsɛksjuəl ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈnɛtˌwərk out”*” ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ər rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðɛr ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ jɪrz ˈleɪtər poʊst ˈrɪtən baɪ ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈʤɛrət (@psych_writer*) fər ðə ˈrisərʧ ˈdaɪʤɛst. ɑr fri ˈfɔrtˌnaɪtli iˈmeɪl wɪl kip ju wɪθ ɔl ðə saɪˈkɑləʤi ˈrisərʧ wi ˈdaɪʤɛst: saɪn əp!
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participants were recruited via online asexuality communities
sex, or talk of it, is everywhere, whether filling our tv screens or the conversations at the bar after work. imagine then that you’re one of the estimated one per cent of the population who actually don’t have any sexual desire – an increasingly recognised status usually referred to as being “asexual”. what is it like for such people to “come out” and tell the world that this is the way they are?
for a new study published in the archives of sexual behavior, nicolette robbins at yale university and her colleagues asked 169 self-identified asexual people to write an open-ended account of the development of their asexual identity and the disclosure of that identity to others. the participants were predominantly, but not exclusively, young women and they were recruited through three online asexual communities: aven, apositive.org and asexuality livejournal.
their answers give insights into their motives for coming out, their frequent relief at finding and sharing their identity, and they provide examples of how their disclosures were received, both positively and negatively.
the participants wrote about strong feelings of validation and liberation upon discovering online asexual communities. many said they subsequently decided to come out as asexual so that their friends and family could understand them better, and to counter the pressure to meet cultural expectations to engage in sexual relationships. other participants had only disclosed to their romantic partners, as a way to negotiate the terms of their relationship.
while the overall message from the study is of coming out as a positive, empowering experience, many participants described experiencing negative reactions from others. for example, one woman said: “my friends believe me. one friend’s exact response was ‘you’re not a tree'”. others spoke of the way people frequently told them it was “just a phase” and that feel differently once they met the “right person”.
some participants had sought support from lesbian or gay friends, not always with much success: “i came out to my lesbian friend. she laughed at me and told me that i was being ridiculous … my local gay switchboard told me that asexuality doesn’t exist and that everyone wants to f*** someone.”
other participants said been pathologised: “i’ve been called unnatural, and had people attempt to fix me by taking me to psychologists and therapists without my consent.”
but there were also accounts of positive reactions: “when i told my parents, my mom was ecstatic. she knew that i had little to no sexual feelings growing up, so she thought it was great that i found the term asexual to legitimise myself.” another participant said: “when i told my friends none of them were really shocked. they had figured it out long before i did.”
not all the participants had chosen to come out, mainly because some just see their asexual status as a big deal: “my orientation is not an important enough part of my identity for me to need to share it with others.”
based on their participants’ accounts, the researchers have proposed a model of the asexual coming out experience with six stages from “identity confusion” all the way to “identity integration” with many of the ideas resembling similar theories proposed for the emergence of gay and lesbian identities. but robbins and her team acknowledge this is all very preliminary – after all, their sample was confined to people who have participated in online forums – and they do not meant to impose or suggest there is a normal way for asexual identity to emerge. “additional research on asexuality is needed before conclusions can be drawn about how identities emerge within this community,” they said.
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robbins, n., low, k., & query, a. (2016). a qualitative exploration of the “coming out” process for asexual individuals archives of sexual behavior, 45 (3), 751-760 doi: 10.1007/s10508-015-0561-x
—further reading—
aven – the asexual visibility and education network
people’s “coming out” experiences are related to their psychological wellbeing years later
post written by christian jarrett (@psych_writer) for the bps research digest.
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ɪn əˈkjuzɪŋ ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl prəˈtɛkʃən ˈeɪʤənsi əv traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz ə pollutant,”*,” vərˈʤɪnjə əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl kɛn ɪz nɑt ʃoʊɪŋ ən ˈɛkˌsɛs əv ɪgˈzæktəˌtud. bət hɪz ɪz rɪˈtɔrɪkəl ənd ˈhɑrmləs. ðə ɪz ˈniðər. læst wik ˈfɛdərəl ʤəʤ ˈliəm ˈsaɪdɪd wɪθ wɪn hi ruld ðət ðə hæd ˈoʊvərˌstɛpt ɪts baʊndz. ɛz ə ˈmɛʒər əv ʤɪst haʊ fɑr ðə hæd ˈoʊvərˌriʧt, noʊt ðət sut əˈgɛnst ðə wɑz ʤɔɪnd baɪ ˈfɛrˌfæks ˈkaʊnti, lɛd baɪ bɔrd əv ˌsupərˈvaɪzərz ˈʧɛrmən ˈʃɛrən bjuˈloʊvə. bjuˈloʊvə, ə ˈdɛməˌkræt, ɪz aɪˈdiə əv ən ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈmɛnɪs. ə ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm ˈædvəˌkeɪt fər kəmˈjutər reɪl ənd mæs ˈtrænzɪt, ʃi ˈstɑrtɪd ə ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktər ˈɛnərʤi tæsk fɔrs tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˈɛnərʤi ɪˈfɪʃənsi, səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti, ənd ““green-collar”*” ʤɑbz ɪn ðə ˈkaʊnti. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, ʃi ənd ˈəðər ˈkaʊnti ˈlidərz əˈbʤɛktəd wɪn ðə traɪd tɪ ˈlɪmət ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈrəˌnɔf ˈɪntu ðə krik, wɪʧ ˈɛmtiz ˈɪntu ðə pəˈtoʊmək. ˈpipəl tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈrənɪŋ əˈmək, ðɪs ɪz ɪgˈzæktli wət [ðət] lʊks like,”*,” sɛd ˈsupərˌvaɪzər ʤɑn si. kʊk ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ. ˈoʊvərˌriʧ ɪz soʊ ɪkˈstrim ðət ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts ɔn ðə bɔrd ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət, ˈivɪn ɪn ən ɪˈlɛkʃən jɪr, ðeɪ hæd tɪ du ðɪs fər ðə county.”*.” kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ˈsɛdəmənt ɪn ðə, ðə hæd sɔt tɪ kət ˈrəˌnɔf ˈnɪrli ɪn prəˈpoʊzəl ðət wʊd hæv ˈædɪd pərˈhæps 200 ˈmɪljən tɪ ðə ˈrəfli 300 ˈmɪljən kɔst əv æˈdrɛsɪŋ ˈsɛdəmənt ˌɪtˈsɛlf. bət ɛz ˈnoʊtɪd, waɪl ðə kən ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ˈsɛdəmənt, wɪʧ ɪz kənˈsɪdərd ə pəˈlutənt, ɪt həz noʊ əˈθɔrəti tɪ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ɪz nɑt. ðə claimed—notably*, ðə səˈpɔrt əv dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ɪt kʊd ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ɛz ə ˈprɑksi fər ˈsɛdəmənt ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ɪt hæd noʊ ˈligəl əˈθɔrəti tɪ du soʊ, bɪˈkəz ˈnəθɪŋ ɪkˈsplɪsətli fərˈbɪdz ɪt tɪ du soʊ. ɛz sɛd, laɪk ðət wʊd lɛd ðə tɪ kənˈklud ðət ɪf ˈkɑŋgrəs proʊˈhɪbət ɪt frəm ˌɪnˈveɪdɪŋ ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ɪt hæd ðə əˈθɔrəti tɪ ˌɪnˈveɪd mexico.”*.” waɪ wʊd ðə ˌɪnˈsɪst ɔn ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪŋ, wɪʧ ɪt həz noʊ əˈθɔrəti ˈoʊvər, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈsɪmpli ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪŋ ˈsɛdəmənt? ˈæftər ɔl, ɪt həz ˈrɪtən rulz fər ˈsɛdəmənt ˈlɪtərəli ˈθaʊzənz əv taɪmz. ðət ˌɪnˈsɪstəns meɪks noʊ sɛns. bət ɪt dɪz lʊk laɪk pɑrt əv ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈpætərn. læst spərɪŋ, ðə səˈprim kɔrt ruld əˈgɛnst ðə ˈeɪʤənsi ɪn ðə keɪs əv maɪk ənd ˈsækɪt. ðə oʊnd ə pis əv lænd, ə ˈlɪtəl ˈlɑrʤər ðən hæf ən ˈeɪkər, ɪn ə groʊɪŋ ˈleɪkˌfrənt dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ˈaɪdəˌhoʊ. ðeɪ wər ˈbɪldɪŋ ə veɪˈkeɪʃən hoʊm ɔn ðə spɑt wɪn ðə dɪˈklɛrd ɪt maɪt bi ə ˈwɛˌtlænd ənd ˈɔrdərd ðɛm tɪ sis kənˈstrəkʃən, ənd rɪˈstɔr ðə lænd tɪ ɪts praɪər steɪt ər feɪs faɪnz əv əp tɪ ə deɪ. ðə ˈeɪʤənsi dɪˈkrid ðət ðə noʊ raɪt tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ðə ˈɔrdər ɪn kɔrt. ðə səˈprim kɔrt juˈnænəməsli kɔl ðət bəŋk. nɑt ˈizi tɪ gɪt ˈʤəstɪsɪz ˈæntənɪn ˈskɑljə ənd ruθ ˈbædər ˈgɪnsbərg ɔn ðə seɪm peɪʤ, bət ðə ˈmænɪʤd tɪ du soʊ. ðə ˈeɪʤənsi ˈɔlsoʊ dru ðə ræθ əv ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst, wɪʧ ˌɛdəˈtɔriəˌlaɪzd ðət ɪz ˈərnɪŋ ə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən fər abuse.”*.” ðə ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl bɪˈgæn baɪ kənˈdɛmɪŋ ðə rɪˈmɑrks əv ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər æl ɑrmeɪnˈdɑriz, hu kəmˈpɛrd hɪz ɛnˈfɔrsmənt fəˈlɑsəfi tɪ ˈroʊmən crucifixions*: faɪnd ðə fərst faɪv gaɪz ðeɪ sɔ ənd ˈkrusəˌfaɪ ðɛm. ənd ðɛn, ju noʊ, ðət taʊn wɑz ˈrɪli ˈizi tɪ ˈmænɪʤ fər ðə nɛkst fju years.”*.” ˈtrəbəlɪŋ ˈstɔriz əˈbaʊt ðə ʤɪst kip ˈpaɪlɪŋ əp. ɪn ˈtɛksəs, ðə ˈeɪʤənsi wɛnt ˈæftər reɪnʤ ˈrisɔrsɪz ˈkɔrpərˈeɪʃən. fər əˈlɛʤədli pəˈlutɪŋ tu wɛlz. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni rækt əp mɔr ðən 4 ˈmɪljən ɪn fiz dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈgrəʤɪŋli ədˈmɪtəd ɪt hæd noʊ pruf reɪnʤ ˈrisɔrsɪz hæd kənˈtæməˌneɪtɪd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt ɪn d.c*. ruld ðət ðə hæd ˈoʊvərˌstɛpt ɪts baʊndz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˌæpəˈlæʧən koʊl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. ðət ˈrulɪŋ ˈfɑloʊd əˈnəðər kənˈkludɪŋ ðə hæd noʊ ˈbɪznɪs rɪˈvoʊkɪŋ ə ˈpərˌmɪt, ˈɪʃud baɪ ðə bʊʃ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, fər ə wɛst vərˈʤɪnjə maɪn. ʤəʤ ˈeɪmi ˈbərmən ˌoʊˈbɑmə ðə ˈækʃən ˈstənɪŋ paʊər fər ðə tɪ ˈæroʊˌgeɪt tɪ itself,”*,” ənd əˈkjuzd ðə ˈeɪʤənsi əv thinking.”*.” wɪθ ðə ˈpɑsəbəl ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv ə fju ˈænərˌkɪst sɛlz, ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi kˈwɛsʧənz ðə nid fər ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ðə əˈθɔrəti tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl lɔz. bət ðoʊz əˈbʤɛktɪŋ tɪ ðə abuses—bulova*, ˈgɪnsbərg, ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst, ʤəʤ ˈhɑrdli ˈænərˌkɪsts. ðeɪ ˈivɪn rɪˈpəblɪkənz. ðət ɔt tɪ rɪŋ ˈwɔrnɪŋ bɛlz; ðɪs ʤɪst ə ˈpɑrtəzən vɛnˈdɛtə. ðə lɔŋ treɪn əv əˈbjuzɪz ənd səˈʤɛsts ən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl ˈkəlʧər ðət siz ðə lɔ ɛz ən ˌɪmˈpɛdəmənt, ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈgɑrˌdreɪl. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔfərz ə riˈmaɪndər ðət ðoʊz hu wild paʊər tɛnd tɪ pʊʃ ðə ˈbaʊndəriz əv ðɛr əˈθɔrəti. ðeɪ wɪl səkˈsid, ˈəðərz pʊʃ bæk.
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in accusing the environmental protection agency of trying to regulate “water itself as a pollutant,” virginia attorney general ken cuccinelli is not showing an excess of exactitude. but his looseness is rhetorical and harmless. the epa’s is neither.
last week federal judge liam o’grady sided with cuccinelli when he ruled that the epa had overstepped its bounds. as a measure of just how far the epa had overreached, note that cuccinelli’s suit against the epa was joined by fairfax county, led by board of supervisors chairman sharon bulova.
bulova, a democrat, is nobody’s idea of an environmental menace. a longtime advocate for commuter rail and mass transit, she started a private sector energy task force to increase energy efficiency, sustainability, and “green-collar” jobs in the county. nevertheless, she and other county leaders objected when the epa tried to limit the amount of stormwater runoff into the 25-mile-long accotink creek, which empties into the potomac. “when people talk about federal agencies running amok, this is exactly what [that] looks like,” said gop supervisor john c. cook in july. “the epa’s overreach is so extreme that the democrats on the board realized that, even in an election year, they had to do this for the county.”
concerned about sediment in the accotink, the epa had sought to cut stormwater runoff nearly in half—a proposal that would have added perhaps $200 million to the roughly $300 million cost of addressing sediment itself.
but as o’grady noted, while the epa can regulate sediment, which is considered a pollutant, it has no authority to regulate stormwater—which is not.
the epa claimed—notably, “with the support of virginia[‘s department of environmental quality]”—that it could regulate stormwater as a proxy for sediment itself, even though it had no legal authority to do so, because nothing explicitly forbids it to do so. as cuccinelli said, “logic like that would lead the epa to conclude that if congress didn’t prohibit it from invading mexico, it had the authority to invade mexico.”
why would the epa insist on regulating stormwater, which it has no authority over, instead of simply regulating sediment? after all, it has written rules for sediment literally thousands of times. that insistence makes no sense. but it does look like part of a larger pattern.
last spring, the supreme court ruled against the agency in the case of mike and chantell sackett. the sacketts owned a piece of land, a little larger than half an acre, in a growing lakefront development in idaho. they were building a vacation home on the spot when the epa declared it might be a wetland and ordered them to cease construction, and restore the land to its prior state or face fines of up to $75,000 a day. the agency decreed that the sackettshad no right to challenge the order in court.
the supreme court unanimously call that bunk. not easy to get justices antonin scalia and ruth bader ginsberg on the same page, but the epa managed to do so. the agency also drew the wrath of the washington post, which editorialized that “the epa is earning a reputation for abuse.” the editorial began by condemning the now-infamous remarks of now-former epa administrator al armendariz, who compared his enforcement philosophy to roman crucifixions: “they’d find the first five guys they saw and they’d crucify them. and then, you know, that town was really easy to manage for the next few years.”
troubling stories about the epa just keep piling up. in texas, the agency went after range resources corp. for allegedly polluting two wells. the company racked up more than $4 million in fees defending itself before the epa grudgingly admitted it had no proof range resources had contaminated anything.
in july, the federal district court in d.c. ruled that the epa had overstepped its bounds regarding appalachian coal operations. that ruling followed another concluding the epa had no business revoking a waste-disposal permit, issued by the bush administration, for a west virginia mine. judge amy berman jackson—an obama appointee—called the agency’s action “a stunning power for the epa to arrogate to itself,” and accused the agency of “magical thinking.”
with the possible exception of a few anarchist cells, nobody questions the need for environmental regulation—or the epa’s authority to enforce environmental laws. but those objecting to the agency’s abuses—bulova, ginsberg, the washington post, judge jackson—are hardly anarchists. they aren’t even republicans. that ought to ring warning bells; this isn’t just a partisan vendetta. the epa’s long train of abuses and usurpations suggests an institutional culture that sees the law as an impediment, rather than a guardrail. it also offers a reminder that those who wield power tend to push the boundaries of their authority. they will succeed, too—unless others push back.
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int*. deɪ. ə jəŋ ˈɪntərn ˈɛnərz ə ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈɔfəs ˈkɛriɪŋ ə treɪ əv koʊˈkeɪn ənd ˈmɪnɪˌʧʊr ˈprɑstəˌtuts. ðə wɔlz ənd ˈfərnɪʃɪŋz ər meɪd əv ɪkˈspɛnsɪv məˈhɑgəni. ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv prəˈdusər ɪz laɪɪŋ ˌəndərˈniθ hɪz ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈlɛðər ʧɛr. ən əˈnoʊpənd ˈbɑtəl əv ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən laɪz ɔn ðə dɛsk. ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv: (ˈskrimɪŋ) ɑrg! məˈdusə! məˈdusə həz ˈrɪzən! ˈɪntərn: mi, sər. ju kɔld fər mi θri ˈmɪnəts əˈgoʊ. ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv: soʊ ɪt ɪz. ju noʊ kɪd, ju riˈmaɪnd mi əv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf wɪn aɪ hæd sneɪks fər hɛr. (roʊlz ˈoʊvər ənd ˈɛmtiz ə ˈmaʊθˌfʊl əv ˈvɑmət ˈɔntu ˈpraɪsləs ˈkɑrpətɪŋ) ˈɪntərn: kən aɪ liv? ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv: ʤɪst ə ˈmɪnət, ʤɪst ə ˈmɪnət. (tɪps koʊˈkeɪn ˈɪntu ˈnɑstrəlz) ˈgɑnə lɛt ju ɪn ɔn ə ˈlɪtəl ˈsikrɪt. bɪtˈwin ju ənd mi. ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈmuvi. ˈɪntərn: ər ju ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈmuvi ər ɪz ðɪs əˈnəðər əv jʊr ˈoʊpiəm drimz? exectuve*: boʊθ. goʊɪŋ tɪ meɪk ə ˈmuvi əˈbaʊt ə blik, wɪθ ə kərəpt ˈdɪkteɪtər ˈrulɪŋ ˈoʊvər ə ʃæm əv ə dɪˈmɑkrəsi. ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən wɪl bi ˈfeɪsɪŋ ə ˈdɛspərɪt ˈrisɔrs ˈʃɔrtɪʤ, waɪlst ðə ˈhɔntɪŋ ˈprɛzəns əv ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈgəvərnmənt sˈloʊli ðə ˈsɪti. ˈɪntərn: ðət ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli saʊnz gʊd. ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv: ˈstɑrɪŋ ðə ˈsupər ˈmɑrioʊ ˈbrəðərz. ˈɪntərn: wət? ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv: ənd ˈdaɪnəˌsɔrz. ˈɪntərn: fək. ənd soʊ ðə ˈwɪrdəst pis əv ˈfɪkʃən wɑz bɔrn. ðə ˈsupər ˈmɑrioʊ bros*. ˈmuvi hæd ˈsɛvərəl aɪˈdiəz ðət kʊd hæv meɪd fər ə ˈdisənt muv, bət wɪʧ wər ðɛn bækt əp baɪ səʧ rɪˈlɛntlɪs, ˈludəkrəs ˌɪnˈsænɪti ðət əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ dɪˈskraɪb ðə plɑt həz ðə seɪm ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə ˈjumən breɪn ɛz ə ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈsætəˌlaɪt. ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ. gʊd aɪˈdiə: ən ˌoʊvərˈpɑpjəleɪtɪd ˈsɪti steɪt ˈrənɪŋ ɔn ˈɔlˌmoʊst noʊ resources…*… fju ˈmɪzərəbəl strits ənd ən ˈɛndləs desert.”*.” ðə dɪˈskrɪpʃən frəm ðə oʊn ˈrulər. nɑt soʊ ˈəpˌbit, bət ðɛn hi həz noʊ ˈrizən tɪ bi: ðə wərld əv ðə ˈsupər ˈmɑrioʊ bros*. ˈmuvi ɪz ə ˈʃɪˌthoʊl. əˈsaɪd fɔrm ðə əˈblɪgəˌtɔri grəˈfiti ənd wɪrd hairstyles*, frəm ðə ˈvɛri ˈaʊtˌsɛt wi si strits wɪʧ ər ɪkˈstrimli ˈkraʊdɪd, ˈsəfərɪŋ frəm ˈmeɪʤər ˈwɔtər ənd fud ˈʃɔrtɪʤɪz tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ˈvɛndərz ər ˈsərvɪŋ ˈɪnˌsɛkts ənd smɔl ˈlɪzərdz ənd ðə ˈoʊnli kəˈmɑdətiz ɪn əˈbəndəns sim tɪ bi ˈlɛðər ˈʤækɪts. ðə ˈaʊtˌskərts əv ðə ˈsɪti hæv bɪn tərnd ˈɪntu ə ʤaɪənt ˈlændˌfɪl. weɪt haʊ ər ðeɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ soʊ məʧ ˈgɑrbɪʤ wɪn ðeɪ hæv noʊ ˈrisɔrsɪz? pləs, ˈsəmˌhaʊ ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət ðiz ˈprɑbləmz ər ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌɪˈnɛpt ˈlidərˌʃɪp ə ˈlidərˌʃɪp soʊ bæd ðət ˈmænɪʤd tɪ tərn ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə ˈplænət ˈɪntu ə ˈdɛzərt ɪn ʤɪst 20 jɪrz (ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪm ɔn ə ˈlɛvəl əv ˌmænɪˈʤɪriəl ˌɪnˈkɑmpətəns). ənd waɪl ɔn ðə subject…*… gʊd aɪˈdiə: ə kərəpt, əˌθɔrəˈtɛriən rəˈʒim frəm ɪts ˈpipəl laɪk ə parasite…*… raɪt əˈweɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðət ðə ˈsɪti ɪz rən baɪ ən ˈivəl ˈdɛnɪs ˈhɑpər. ənd bɪˈliv mi, ðɛr ɪz ˈnoʊwən aɪ wʊd ˈrəðər si pleɪ ə kərəpt ˈdɛspət ðən ˈdɛnɪs ˈhɑpər (əˈsaɪd frəm ˈiən mckellen*, bət ðət goʊz wɪˈθaʊt seɪɪŋ). ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz rɪˈvild ɪn ðə ˈvɛri fərst fju ʃɑts əv ðə ˈsɪti: ˌprɑpəˈgændə ˈpoʊstərz əˈbaʊnd, ˈpleɪsɪz ənd ˈkərənsi ər neɪmd ˈæftər ðə ˈlidər, ˈɔrdərz ər ˈgɪvɪn ˈoʊvər ˈlaʊdˌspikər, pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈprɪzənərz ər kɛpt ɪn ˈtaɪni ˈbætər ˈkeɪʤɪz ðɛn juzd fər ˈmɛdɪkəl ɪkˈspɛrəmənts, ənd ˈpipəl ər ərˈɛstɪd fər ˈsɪŋɪŋ sɔŋz wɪʧ ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈstændərd stəf. əv kɔrs ˈɛvəri məˈnaɪəkəl ˈdɪkteɪtər nidz ə ˈpæləs: ˈprɛzɪdənt lʊks laɪk ə ˈnaɪtˌkləb frəm ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd, ənd frəm ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əˈpɪrz tɪ be…*… ə kərˈəptɪd ˈvərʒən əv ðə wərld treɪd ˈsɛntər. (ðɪs ˈeɪʤɪd well…*…) laɪk ɔl gʊd ˈpɛˌti dɪkˈteɪtərˌʃɪps, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt kips əp ə əv dɪˈmɑkrəsi ˌprɑpəˈgændə ˈpoʊstərz tɛl ðə ˈpɑpjələs tɪ koopa’*’, ənd ˈivɪn ðə ˈvɛri ˈtaɪtəl əv ‘‘president’*’ həz ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk prəˈtɛnʃənz. bət waɪ dɪz nid tɪ kip əp ðə əv ɪˈlɛkʃənz? ðə ˈpriviəs ˈgəvərnmənt wɑz ən ˈæbsəˌlut ˈmɑnɑrki ɛz fɑr ɛz wi noʊ ðə ˈpɑpjələs hæv ˌæbsəˈlutli noʊ ˈkɑnsɛpt əv dɪˈmɑkrəsi. soʊ waɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðə ʃəreɪd? mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, waɪ du ðeɪ hæv ðɛr oʊn ˈstæˌʧu əv ˈlɪbərˌti wɪn ðə ˈoʊnli ˈgəvərnmənts ˈɛvər noʊn ər ˈæbsəˌlut ˈmɑnɑrki ənd ðɛn dɪkˈteɪtərˌʃɪp? səˈpoʊzd tɪ prɪˈzum ðə læst ˈmɑˌnɑrk wɑz bəˈnɛvələnt ənd waɪz, bət hɪmˈsɛlf steɪts ðət kɪŋ] ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bi everywhere’*’, soʊ ɪt saʊnz laɪk hi hæd səm kənˈtroʊl ˈɪʃuz. ˈnɛvər maɪnd, baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðə fɪlm ðə ˈdɪkteɪtər ɪz dɪˈpoʊzd ənd ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk, ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈgəvərnmənt brɔt tɪ ɔl. ʤɪst ˈkɪdɪŋ, ðeɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ɪm wɪθ ðə ˈfɔrmər kɪŋ. nɑt ˈsərtən haʊ ˈɛni ˈbɛtər ðən ə president-for-life*, bət baɪ ðɪs pɔɪnt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ drɪŋk glu tɪ ðə vərʤ əv ˌənˈkɑnʃəsnɪs ʤɪst tɪ kip ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə plɑt. gʊd aɪˈdiə: ə kruəl ənd æˈnɑrkɪk ˈpɑpjələs wɪθ noʊ ˈkɑnsɛpt əv kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən noʊ ˈwəndər ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp ɪz ˈɔfəl, bɪˈkəz dæm ðə ˈpəblɪk ər ənˈplɛzənt. ˈmɑrioʊ ənd luˈiʤi ər məgd ˈæftər ˈspɛndɪŋ ɔl əv 5 ˈmɪnəts ɪn ðə ˈsɪti, ðɛn ðə fækt ðət ˈmoʊtərɪsts sim tɪ hæv ˌæbsəˈlutli noʊ ˈprɑbləm kəˈmɪtɪŋ viˈhɪkjələr ˈhɑməˌsaɪd əˈgɛnst ˈɪnəsənt ˈsaɪkəlɪsts ənd ðɛn ˈkipɪŋ ðə kɔrps ɔn ðə ˈbɑnət əv ðə kɑr, prɪˈzuməbli ɛz səm sɔrt əv dɛθ ˈtroʊfi. ɔl wɛl ənd gʊd ɪt bi ˈvɛri ɪf ˈɛvriˌwən wɑz ˈplɛzənt ənd ˈfrɛndli. pləs, ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ədˈvænst ðən ɑrz wɑz ɪn ðə jɪr ðɪs ˈhɔrəˌfaɪɪŋ əˌbɑməˈneɪʃən əv ə fɪlm wɑz riˈlist 1993 ɪn ə ˈleɪtər sin ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ðə ˈnaɪtˌkləb, wi si ˈwɪmən ˈhoʊldɪŋ hænz ənd wət əˈpɪr tɪ bi tu mɛn ˈdænsɪŋ təˈgɛðər. ɪf ˈoʊnli ðeɪ ɔl ˈlɪzərdz. ðət həz tɪ bi ðə ˈdəməst plɑt pɔɪnt əv ˈɛni fɪlm ˈɛvər sin, ənd aɪ stɪl gɪt naɪt ˈtɛrərz frəm deɪ aʊt. waɪ dɪz ə ˈsupər ˈmɑrioʊ fɪlm nid ˈɛvriˌwən tɪ bi dɪˈsɛndɪd frəm ˈdaɪnəˌsɔrz? waɪ dɪz ən ˈərbən nid ðə ˈsupər ˈmɑrioʊ ˈbrəðərz? waɪ, ˈæftər ˈdaʊnɪŋ ɪˈnəf glu tɪ kɪl ə hɔrs, kən aɪ stɪl fil maɪ θəmz? ˈɛniˌweɪ, æt list ðə fɪlm həz ə ˈdaʊnər ˈɛndɪŋ ðə ˈpɔrtəl bɪtˈwin ɑr wərld ənd ðə ˈsɪti ɪz kloʊzd, prɪˈzuməbli kənˈdɛmɪŋ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən tɪ stɑrv tɪ dɛθ. ər daɪ əv θərst. teɪk jʊr pɪk. bət æt list ðə treɪd taʊərz ər fi- oʊ.
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int. day. a young intern enters a hollywood executive’s office carrying a tray of cocaine and miniature prostitutes. the walls and furnishings are made of expensive mahogany. the executive producer is lying underneath his expensive leather chair. an unopened bottle of anti-psychotic medication lies on the desk.
executive: (screaming) argh! medusa! medusa has risen! intern: it’s me, sir. you called for me three minutes ago. executive: so it is. you know kid, you remind me of myself when i had snakes for hair. (rolls over and empties a mouthful of vomit onto priceless carpeting) intern: can i leave? executive: just a minute, just a minute. (tips cocaine into nostrils) i’m gonna let you in on a little secret. between you and me. i’m making a movie. intern: are you actually making a movie or is this another of your opium dreams? exectuve: both. i’m going to make a movie about a bleak cyberpunk dystopia, with a corrupt dictator ruling over a thinly-disguised sham of a democracy. the population will be facing a desperate resource shortage, whilst the haunting presence of the former government slowly strangles the city. intern: that – that actually sounds good. executive: starring the super mario brothers. intern: what? executive: and dinosaurs. intern: fuck.
and so the world’s weirdest piece of dystopian fiction was born. the super mario bros. movie had several ideas that could have made for a decent cyberpunk move, but which were then backed up by such relentless, ludicrous insanity that attempting to describe the plot has the same impact on the human brain as head-butting a falling satellite. enjoy.
good idea: an overpopulated city state running on almost no resources…
“a few miserable streets and an endless desert.” that’s the description from the city’s own ruler. it’s not so upbeat, but then he has no reason to be: the world of the super mario bros. movie is a shithole. aside form the obligatory graffiti and weird hairstyles, from the very outset we see streets which are extremely crowded, suffering from major water and food shortages – to the extent that vendors are serving insects and small lizards – and the only commodities in abundance seem to be leather jackets. the outskirts of the city have been turned into a giant landfill.
wait – how are they generating so much garbage when they have no resources? plus, somehow it’s indicated that these problems are the result of president koopa’s inept leadership – a leadership so bad that he’s managed to turn the majority of the planet into a desert in just 20 years (putting him on a scar-from-the-lion-king level of managerial incompetence). and while we’re on the subject…
good idea: a corrupt, authoritarian regime leeching from its people like a parasite…
right away it’s established that the city is run by an evil dennis hopper. and believe me, there is no-one i would rather see play a corrupt despot than dennis hopper (aside from ian mckellen, but that goes without saying). the nature of the government is revealed in the very first few shots of the city: propaganda posters abound, places and currency are named after the leader, orders are given over loudspeaker, political prisoners are kept in tiny batter hen-type cages then used for medical experiments, and people are arrested for singing songs which criticize the government. standard stuff.
of course every maniacal dictator needs a palace: president koopa’s looks like a small-town 90s nightclub from the inside, and from the outside appears to be… a corrupted version of the world trade centre.
(this hasn’t aged well…)
like all good petty dictatorships, the government keeps up a pretence of democracy – propaganda posters tell the populace to ‘vote koopa’, and even the very title of ‘president’ has democratic pretensions.
but why does koopa need to keep up the pretence of elections? the previous government was an absolute monarchy – as far as we know the populace have absolutely no concept of democracy. so why maintain the charade? more importantly, why do they have their own statue of liberty when the only governments they’ve ever known are absolute monarchy and then dictatorship?
we’re supposed to presume the last monarch was benevolent and wise, but koopa himself states that ‘[the king] always wanted to be everywhere’, so it sounds like he had some control issues.
never mind, by the end of the film the dictator is deposed and democratic, liberal government brought to all. just kidding, they replace him with the former king. i’m not certain how that’s any better than a president-for-life, but by this point i’m having to drink modelling glue to the verge of gut-wrenching unconsciousness just to keep following the plot.
good idea: a cruel and anarchic populace with no concept of cooperation
no wonder the leadership is awful, because damn the public are unpleasant. mario and luigi are mugged after spending all of 5 minutes in the city, then there’s the fact that motorists seem to have absolutely no problem committing vehicular homicide against innocent cyclists – and then keeping the corpse on the bonnet of the car, presumably as some sort of death trophy.
all well and good – it wouldn’t be very dystopian if everyone was pleasant and friendly. plus, the population appears to be a little more advanced than ours was in the year this horrifying abomination of a film was released (1993) – in a later scene involving the world’s blandest nightclub, we see women holding hands and what appear to be two men dancing together.
if only they weren’t all lizards. that has to be the dumbest plot point of any film i’ve ever seen, and i still get night terrors from baby’s day out. why does a super mario film need everyone to be descended from dinosaurs? why does an urban dystopia need the super mario brothers? why, after downing enough modelling glue to kill a cannibalistic horse, can i still feel my thumbs?
anyway, at least the film has a downer ending – the portal between our world and the city is closed, presumably condemning the entire resource-deprived population to starve to death. or die of thirst. take your pick.
but at least the trade towers are fi- oh.
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ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ ˈʤɛrət ˈrɪzli "ju wɔnt tɪ it ˈloʊkəl fud?" sɛd fərˈnɑndɛs, hu rənz ðə ˈbjutəfəl haʊs, wɛr aɪ ˈrisəntli steɪd. "jɛs, pliz. aɪ wɔnt tɪ it wɛr ju it." ðə ˈkɔrnər ðɛr ɪz ə pleɪs," ʃi sɛd ˈʃipɪʃli, "ɪts kɔld ðə hoʊˈtɛl ʤæk ɪn. ju kən traɪ ðɛr ðeɪ hæv ˈvɛri gʊd ˈsɔsɪʤ..." ɪn ˈɪndiə, ˈrɛˌstrɑnts hæv ə streɪnʤ ˈhæbət əv ˈkɔlɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz hoʊˈtɛlz wɪn ðɛr nɑt. əm nɑt ˈrɪli ʃʊr waɪ, aɪ ʃʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli lʊk ˈɪntu ðət. ˈɛniˌweɪ, ðə hoʊˈtɛl ʤæk ɪn ɪz ə smɔl, spɑt ʤɪst ˈɑpəzɪt ðə kəˈθidrəl ɪn, goʊə (ðoʊz wər maɪ veɪg dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz, ənd naʊ ðeɪ ər jʊrz). ðɪs ˈvɪlɪʤ ɪz kloʊz ɪˈnəf tɪ ðə ˈbiʧɪz ðət ju ˈfrikwɛntli si ðə ˈneɪkəd rɛd skɪn əv well-fed*, ˈɛldərli ˈtʊrɪsts ˈwɪzɪŋ baɪ ɔn ˈɛnfild ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪkəlz. ðət, ənd ðə pɪˈkjuljər traɪb əv ˈpipəl hu, rəˈgɑrdləs əv ˈʤɛndər, ɔl sim tɪ hæv dreadlocks*, sliv ˌtæˈtuz, ˈlɪnən ˈsɪnˌbæd pænts, ənd raɪd ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkəl ˈskutər. waɪl ˈwɔkɪŋ tɪ ðə hoʊˈtɛl ʤæk ɪn, aɪ sɔ ən ˌɪˈnɛbriˌeɪtəd, ˈrəʃən smæk ˈɪntu ən ˈɪndiən mænz pɑrkt ˈmoʊtərˌbaɪk, ˈpʊʃɪŋ ɪt əˈbaʊt 15 fit daʊn ðə strit. "haʊ məʧ du ju wɔnt, ˈbəbə?" hi slərd, dɪˈspleɪɪŋ hɪz kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈkəlʧərəl ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɔfərɪŋ ɪm 200 ˈrupiz (ðæts 4 ɑ, ðə ʤɔɪz əv ˈwɛstərn ˈtʊˌrɪzəm.
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photo by jarrett wrisley
"you want to eat local food?" said annetta fernandes, who runs the beautiful siolim house, where i recently stayed.
"yes, please. i want to eat where you eat."
"ok...around the corner there is a place," she said sheepishly, "it's called the hotel jack inn. you can try there -- they have very good sausage..."
in india, restaurants have a strange habit of calling themselves hotels when they're not. i'm not really sure why, i should probably look into that. anyway, the hotel jack inn is a small, five-table spot just opposite the cathedral in siolim, goa (those were my vague directions, and now they are yours).
this village is close enough to the beaches that you frequently see the naked red skin of well-fed, elderly tourists whizzing by on enfield motorcycles. that, and the peculiar tribe of people who, regardless of gender, all seem to have dreadlocks, sleeve tattoos, linen sinbad pants, and ride the economical scooter.
while walking to the hotel jack inn, i saw an inebriated, cycle-riding russian smack into an indian man's parked motorbike, pushing it about 15 feet down the street. "how much do you want, baba?" he slurred, displaying his considerable cultural insight before offering him 200 rupees (that's $4). ah, the joys of western tourism.
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ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ wɪl nɑt əˈpil ðə səˈspɛnʃən əv koʊʧ wɑn ˈkɑrloʊs oʊˈsɔrioʊ, ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən əˈnaʊnst ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. bænd oʊˈsɔrioʊ læst wik fər ˈproʊˌtɛstɪŋ ə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˌrɛfərˈi dɪˈsɪʒən ɪn ðə geɪm əv ðə kəp, ˈlivɪŋ ðə koʊʧ tɪ wɔʧ ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ goʊld kəp frəm ə ˈsteɪdiəm swit. bət ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, wɪʧ wɪl pleɪ ðə kəmˈplit sɪks geɪmz æt ðə goʊld kəp ɪf ɪt ˈriʧɪz ðə ˈfaɪnəl, wɪl nɑt pʊʃ bæk əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpənɪʃmənt. ðə ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən ˈsteɪtmənt sɛd: "ˈæftər ˈhævɪŋ rɪˈsivd kəmˈplit ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɪnsədənts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə mæʧ fər fɔrθ pleɪs ɪn ðə 2017 kəp bɪtˈwin ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ənd ˈpɔrʧəgəl ənd ˈhævɪŋ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ˈkɛrfəli, ɪt həz bɪn ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ nɑt əˈpil ðə ˈsæŋkʃənz ˌɪmˈpoʊzd əˈpɑn wɑn ˈkɑrloʊs oʊˈsɔrioʊ, ˈmænɪʤər əv ðə ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈnæʃənəl tim." wɑn ˈkɑrloʊs oʊˈsɔrioʊ wɪl nɑt rɪˈtərn ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɛnd əv ðə goʊld kəp. ˈmɛksəˌkoʊz goʊld kəp skwɑd, kənˈsɪstɪŋ ˈmoʊstli əv pleɪərz hu dɪd nɑt pleɪ æt ðə kəp, wɑz bud ɔf ðə pɪʧ ˈæftər ə drɔ wɪθ ʤəˈmeɪkə ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ naɪt. əˈsɪstənt koʊʧ luis poʊmˈpilioʊ paɪɛz, ˈoʊvərˌsiɪŋ ðə tim ɪn ˈæbsəns, sɛd hi ækˈsɛptɪd ðə ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm. "ðə fænz bɔt ðə ˈtɪkɪts, ðeɪ keɪm aʊt tɪ wɔʧ ə tim wɪn ənd pərˈfɔrm wɛl, soʊ wi ˌəndərˈstænd ðɛr frəˈstreɪʃən," hi sɛd. "wi ˈdɪdənt pərˈfɔrm ɛz wi ʃʊd hæv. ðə rɪˈzəlt ˈwəzənt gʊd ɪˈnəf. "wi kriˈeɪtɪd səm ˈʧænsɪz wɪθ ðə ˈhɛdər frəm [ˈʤizəs] məˈlinə ɪn ðə fərst hæf, wi hæd ðə bɔl, wi hæd ðə pəˈzɛʃən, wi ʤɪst ˈdɪdənt kriˈeɪt ɪˈnəf ˌɑpərˈtunətiz. "ʤəˈmeɪkə keɪm aʊt wɪθ θri pleɪərz ɔn ðə əˈtæk, ðeɪ əˈtækt wɪθ tu pleɪərz ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd hæf ənd ɪn ðə ɛnd ðeɪ əˈtækt wɪθ wən pleɪər.'' ˈfɑloʊ ɔn tˈwɪtər tɪ kip əp wɪθ ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈəpˌdeɪts.
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mexico will not appeal the six-game suspension of coach juan carlos osorio, the national federation announced on friday.
fifa banned osorio last week for protesting a controversial referee decision in the third-place game of the confederations cup, leaving the coach to watch the ongoing concacaf gold cup from a stadium suite.
but mexico, which will play the complete six games at the gold cup if it reaches the final, will not push back against the punishment.
the mexico football federation statement said: "after having received complete documentation about the incidents during the match for fourth place in the 2017 fifa confederations cup between mexico and portugal and having analysed the situation carefully, it has been decided to not appeal the sanctions imposed upon juan carlos osorio, manager of the mexico national team."
juan carlos osorio will not return before the end of the gold cup.
mexico's gold cup squad, consisting mostly of second-choice players who did not play at the confederations cup, was booed off the pitch after a 0-0 draw with jamaica on thursday night.
assistant coach luis pompilio paez, overseeing the team in osorio's absence, said he accepted the criticism.
"the fans bought the tickets, they came out to watch a team win and perform well, so we understand their frustration," he said. "we didn't perform as we should have. the result wasn't good enough.
"we created some chances with the header from [jesus] molina in the first half, we had the ball, we had the possession, we just didn't create enough opportunities.
"jamaica came out with three players on the attack, they attacked with two players in the second half and in the end they attacked with one player.''
follow @espnfc on twitter to keep up with the latest football updates.
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ɪf ju mɪst ðə ʃoʊ ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ʤɪst əˈmeɪzd baɪ ðɪs ˈstɔri. ɛs ˈdɪstrɪkt stæf [ɪn ˈgɪlbərt, ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə] wɪl ““edit”*” ə ˈhaɪˌskul ˈɑnərz baɪˈɑləʤi ˈtɛkstˌbʊk ˈæftər bɔrd ˈmɛmbərz əˈgrid ðət ɪt dɪz nɑt əˈlaɪn wɪθ steɪt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ɔn haʊ əˈbɔrʃən ɪz tɪ bi pərˈzɛnəd tɪ ˈstudənts. ˈgɪlbərt ˈpəblɪk skulz bɔrd ˈmɛmbərz, bækt baɪ ə kənˈsərvətɪv rɪˈlɪʤəs grup, ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ meɪk ðə ʧeɪnʤ, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət ðeɪ ər kəmˈplaɪɪŋ wɪθ ə steɪt lɔ ðət rikˈwaɪərz ˈpəblɪk skulz tɪ ˈʧaɪldˌbərθ ənd əˈdɑpʃən ɛz prɪˈfərd ˈɔpʃənz tɪ ɪˈlɛktɪv abortion.”*.” ðə bɔrd meɪd ɪts dɪˈsɪʒən ˈæftər ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ə ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən frəm ˈnætəli ˈdɛkər, ə ˈlɔjər fər əˈlaɪəns dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ˈfridəm. ðə ˈædvəkəsi grup brɔt ðə ˈʧæptər tɪ bɔrd members’*’ əˈtɛnʃən. əˈpɛrəntli, ɪn 2012 ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə gəv. ʤæn bruər (ɑr) saɪnd ˈɪntu ə lɔ ə ˈmɛʒər ðət rikˈwaɪərz ˈpəblɪk skulz tɪ ˈprɛzənt ˈʧaɪldˌbərθ ənd əˈdɑpʃən ɛz prɪˈfərd ˈɔpʃənz tɪ ɪˈlɛktɪv əˈbɔrʃən. rɔŋ wɪθ ðət? ɪn ˈgɪlbərt, ðə ˈɑnərz baɪˈɑləʤi klæs ˈjuzɪz ə ˈtɛkstˌbʊk wɪθ ə peɪʤ ðət toʊld ˈstudənts, ˈæbstənəns, əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ˈɪnərˌkɔrs, ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈtoʊtəli ˈifɛktɪv ˈmɛθəd əv bərθ control.”*.” ðə seɪm peɪʤ ˌɪnˈkludz ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈrəðər ˈklɪnɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə pɪl ənd əˈbɔrʃən. ðə prəˈsiʤər, ðə tɛkst sɪz, ə prəˈskrɪpʃən ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈvɪzɪts tɪ ə ˈmɛdɪkəl facility.”*.” ðə steɪt bɔrd əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd ɪts ˈlɔjər sɛd ðə ˈpɛrəˌgræf ɪn kˈwɛʃən ə ˈprɑbləm ɪt ˈædvəˌkeɪt ər ɪnˈkərəʤ əˈbɔrʃən bət əˈpɛrəntli ðət ˈmætər. kənˈsərvətɪv ˈæktɪvɪsts ənd ˈloʊkəl rɪˈpəblɪkən əˈfɪʃəlz ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðə ˈtɛkstˌbʊk ɪz ˌɪˈligəl ˈəndər ðə lɔ kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ bruər tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ɛz ə ˈpræktɪkəl ˈmætər, ðeɪ kənˈsidɪd ðət ðə ˈtɛkstˌbʊk ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ˈstæʧut, ənd ðət ðə skul ˈdɪstrɪkt ʤɪst goʊ aʊt ənd baɪ nu ˈtɛkstˌbʊks bɪˈkəz əv wən ˈpɛrəˌgræf ðə raɪt faɪndz əˈbʤɛkʃənəbəl, soʊ ɪn ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst əv ɪkˈspidiənsi, kənˈsərvətɪvz wɔnt tɪ ““excise”*” ðə əˈfɛndɪŋ peɪʤ wɪʧ ɪz tɪ seɪ, ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ ˈlɪtərəli tɪr aʊt ðə peɪʤ ðət ˈmɛnʃənz əˈbɔrʃən frəm ðə bʊk. ənd wɛr ˈreɪʧəl show”*” ˈɛnərz ðə ˈpɪkʧər. ʤɪst kwoʊt ˈreɪʧəl dɪˈrɛkli fər ðoʊz hu mɪst ðə ˌsɛgˈmɛnt: ““so*, dɪr ˈɑnərz baɪˈɑləʤi ˈstudənts əv ˈgɪlbərt, ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə, aɪ naʊ ˈæˌdrɛs jʊr dɪˈrɛkli. ju meɪ sun faɪnd ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈhoʊldɪŋ ə baɪˈɑləʤi ˈtɛkstˌbʊk wɪθ ə hoʊl wɛr səm tru fækts juzd tɪ bi. dɪˈspɛr. wi hir æt ˈreɪʧəl show’*’ hæv prɪˈzərvd ðə pɑrt əv jʊr baɪˈɑləʤi ˈtɛkstˌbʊk ðət ðə kruˈseɪdɪŋ rɪˈlɪʤəs grup ənd ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən steɪt ˈsɛnətərz ənd ðə kənˈsərvətɪv məˈʤɔrəti ɔn jʊr skul bɔrd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər wɔnts tɪ əˈlaʊ ju tɪ si. goʊɪŋ tɪ kip ɪt ˈpoʊstɪd fər ju ɪn ˌpərpɪˈtjuɪti æt arizonahonorsbiology.com*, wɪʧ wi bɔt təˈdeɪ soʊ ðət wi kʊd poʊst ðə peɪʤ ðət ˈkətɪŋ aʊt əv jʊr ˈtɛkstˌbʊk. ju kən gɪt ɪt ðɛr. arizonahonorsbiology.com.”*.” ʃi ˈkɪdɪŋ; ðə lɪŋk wərks ɪf ju ˈhæpən tɪ hæv ðət ˈtɛkstˌbʊk, ənd ˈnoʊtɪst ðət ə peɪʤ ˈmɪsɪŋ, wi hæv ju ˈkəvərd. ɪf ju hæv ðə bʊk ənd ðət peɪʤ ɪz stɪl ðɛr, ju ʃʊd lɛt ˈjuˈɛs noʊ ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðə bæk əv ðə peɪʤ.
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if you missed the show on friday, i’m just amazed by this story.
s chool district staff [in gilbert, arizona] will “edit” a high-school honors biology textbook after board members agreed that it does not align with state regulations on how abortion is to be presented to public-school students. gilbert public schools board members, backed by a conservative religious group, voted 3-2 to make the change, arguing that they are complying with a 2-year-old state law that requires public schools to “present childbirth and adoption as preferred options to elective abortion.” […] the board made its decision after listening to a presentation from natalie decker, a lawyer for scottsdale-based alliance defending freedom. the advocacy group brought the chapter to board members’ attention.
apparently, in 2012, arizona gov. jan brewer (r) signed into a law a measure that requires public schools to present childbirth and adoption as preferred options to elective abortion.
what’s wrong with that? in gilbert, the honors biology class uses a textbook with a page that told students, “[c]omplete abstinence, avoiding intercourse, is the only totally effective method of birth control.” the same page includes information – rather clinic information – about the morning-after pill and medically-induced abortion. the procedure, the text says, “requires a doctor’s prescription and several visits to a medical facility.”
the state board of education and its lawyer said the paragraph in question isn’t a problem – it doesn’t advocate or encourage abortion – but apparently that didn’t matter. conservative activists and local republican officials insisted the textbook is illegal under the law created by brewer two years ago.
as a practical matter, they conceded that the textbook pre-dates the arizona statute, and that the school district can’t just go out and buy new textbooks because of one paragraph the right finds objectionable, so in the interest of expediency, conservatives want to “excise” the offending page – which is to say, they want to literally tear out the page that mentions abortion from the book.
and that’s where “the rachel maddow show” enters the picture.
i’ll just quote rachel directly for those who missed the segment:
“so, dear honors biology students of gilbert, arizona, i now address your directly. you may soon find yourself holding a biology textbook with a hole where some true facts used to be. don’t despair. we here at ‘the rachel maddow show’ have preserved the part of your biology textbook that the crusading religious group and the republican state senators and the conservative majority on your school board no longer wants to allow you to see. “we’re going to keep it posted for you in perpetuity at arizonahonorsbiology.com, which we bought today so that we could post the page that they’re cutting out of your textbook. you can get it there. arizonahonorsbiology.com.”
she wasn’t kidding; the link works . if you happen to have that textbook, and you’ve noticed that there’s a page missing, we have you covered. if you have the book and that page is still there, you should let us know – we’re looking for the back of the page.
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ˈsænə ˈklɛrə ə ˈsænə ˈklɛrə ˈkaʊnti ˈdɛpjəti ɪz ɔn ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv liv ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈwiˌkɪnd ərˈɛst ɪn ˈsænə ˈklɛrə wɛr pəˈlis seɪ hi droʊv ˈɪntu ə ʤæk ɪn ðə bɑks ˈdraɪvθˈru leɪn waɪl ˈbrændɪʃɪŋ ə gən. ˈbɛnʤəmən li, 33 wɑz ərˈɛstɪd əˈbaʊt a.m*. ˈsənˌdi æt ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪn ðə 900 blɑk əv ɛl kəˈminoʊ ril, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsænə ˈklɛrə pəˈlis. lt*. kərt klɑrk sɛd li wɑz ərˈɛstɪd wɪˈθaʊt ˈɪnsədənt ənd bʊkt ɔn səˈspɪʃən əv ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ ənd ˈbrændɪʃɪŋ ə ˈwɛpən. li ɪz ˈkərəntli aʊt əv ˈkəstədi. ðə ˈɔfəs riˈlist ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət li wɑz nɑt ɔn ˈduti wɪn ðə ərˈɛst əˈkərd, ənd ðət hi həz bɪn pleɪst ɔn ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv liv ˈpɛndɪŋ ðə rɪˈzəlts əv boʊθ ən ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ənd ðə ˈkrɪmənəl proʊb baɪ ˈsænə ˈklɛrə pəˈlis. ərˈɛst ædz tɪ ə groʊɪŋ lɪst əv traɪəlz ənd ˌtrɪbjəˈleɪʃənz feɪst baɪ ðə ˈɔfəs, wɪʧ ɪz ɛmˈbrɔɪld ɪn ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈskrutəni ˈoʊvər ɪts ˌsupərˈvɪʒən əv ðə ˈkaʊnti ʤeɪlz, ˈmægnəˌfaɪd baɪ ðə ˈɔgəst ˈbitɪŋ dɛθ əv ə ˈmɛnəli ɪl ˈɪnˌmeɪt əˈlɛʤədli æt ðə hænz əv θri kərˈɛkʃənəl ˈdɛpjətiz. ˈrɑʤər ˈwɪnzloʊ, vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈdɛpjəti sheriffs’*’ əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, wɪʧ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈdɛpjətiz ɪn ðə ˈkaʊnti laɪk li, sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ðət ðə ˈjunjən ɪz ““saddened”*” baɪ ðə ərˈɛst ˈdɛpjətiz meɪk ərˈɛsts fər ðiz kraɪmz ˈrɛgjələrli. ðeɪ si ˈfərsthænd ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz kɔzd baɪ ˌɪmˈpɛrd drivers,”*,” ˈwɪnzloʊ sɛd. baɪ ˈɛniˌwən ɪz ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl; ˈdəbli soʊ wɪn ɪt ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ə ˈdɛpjəti ˈʃɛrɪf. wi ər hɛld tɪ ə haɪər ˈstændərd ənd ˈraɪtli so.”*.” ˈwɪnzloʊ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkɔʃənd əˈgɛnst ə rəʃ tɪ ˈʤəʤmənt ɪn ðə keɪs. ˈfʊli ɪkˈspɛkt ðət əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈækʃən wɪl bi ˈteɪkən ˈæftər ɔl ðə fækts ər determined,”*,” hi sɛd.
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santa clara — a santa clara county sheriff’s deputy is on administrative leave following a weekend arrest in santa clara where police say he drunkenly drove into a jack in the box drive-thru lane while brandishing a gun.
benjamin lee, 33, was arrested about 2:40 a.m. sunday at the fast-food chain’s location in the 900 block of el camino real, according to santa clara police.
lt. kurt clarke said lee was arrested without incident and booked on suspicion of dui and brandishing a weapon. lee is currently out of custody.
the sheriff’s office released a statement noting that lee was not on duty when the arrest occurred, and that he has been placed on administrative leave pending the results of both an internal investigation and the criminal probe by santa clara police.
lee’s arrest adds to a growing list of trials and tribulations faced by the sheriff’s office, which is embroiled in ongoing controversy and public scrutiny over its supervision of the county jails, magnified by the august beating death of a mentally ill inmate allegedly at the hands of three correctional deputies.
roger winslow, vice president of the deputy sheriffs’ association, which represents enforcement deputies in the county like lee, said in a statement that the union is “saddened” by the arrest
“our deputies make arrests for these crimes regularly. they see firsthand the consequences caused by impaired drivers,” winslow said. “dui by anyone is unacceptable; doubly so when it involves a deputy sheriff. we are held to a higher standard and rightly so.”
winslow also cautioned against a rush to judgment in the case.
“we fully expect that appropriate action will be taken after all the facts are determined,” he said.
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dɪˈskrɪpʃən ðə dɪˈzaɪnd ənd bɪlt baɪ fərˈɑri tɪ teɪk pɑrt ɪn ðə ˈfɔrmjələ 1 wərld ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ɪz bɔrn aʊt əv ə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ʧeɪnʤ ðət ɪz wɪˈθaʊt ˈprɛsɪdənt ɪn ðɪs ˈkætəˌgɔri əv ˈmoʊtər spɔrt. ˈʤɛnərəli, ɪn ðə pæst, ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz wɛnt ɪn ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv sloʊɪŋ daʊn ðə kɑz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs jɪr, ðə rul ˈʧeɪnʤɪz goʊ ɪn ðə ˈɑpəzɪt dɪˈrɛkʃɪn, ˈminɪŋ ðə kɑz hæv mɔr ˌɛroʊdaɪˈnæmɪk ənd mɔr məˈkænɪkəl grɪp. ˌɛroʊdaɪˈnæmɪk ˈkɑnsɛpt ɔn ðɪs ˈtɑpɪk, ðə grup həz ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd ɪts ˈɛfərts ɔn ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðə raɪt ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz bɪtˈwin ənd ˌɛroʊdaɪˈnæmɪk rɪˈzɪstəns, ər dræg. ðə nu pɪˈrɛli taɪərz ər məʧ ˈwaɪdər ðən ɪn ðə pæst, baɪ 6 ˈsɛntəˌmitərz iʧ æt ðə frənt ənd 8 æt ðə rɪr. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkrist ˈfrəntəl ˈɛriə ˈkɑnstəˌtuts ə ““brake”*” ɔn ˈfɔrwərd ˈmoʊʃən ɛz dɪz ðə ˌɪnˈkrist ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ðə 2017 ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən frənt wɪŋ, flɔr ənd diffuser*. ˈkaʊnərɪŋ ðɪs ˈifɛkt, ðə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ənd ðə ˈbɪgər ˈfʊtˌprɪnt frəm ðə taɪərz ˈtrænsˌleɪts ˈɪntu ˌɪnˈkrist grɪp, ˈlidɪŋ tɪ haɪər ˈkɔrnərɪŋ spidz. ˈʧæsi ðɛr ər ˈsɛvərəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ðə 668 ˈprɑʤɛkt ənd fərˈɑrɪs frəm ðə ˈrisənt pæst: ðə ˈlɛŋθənd noʊz ənd ðə wɪŋ ər ə ˈkɑnsəkwəns əv ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz, ɛz ɪz ðə ˈɑbviəs fɪn ɔn ðə ˈɪnʤən ˈkəvər ənd ðə mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ˈɛroʊ əˈpɛndɪʤɪz əˈhɛd əv ðə ɛr ɔn ðə sidepods*, huz ənˈjuˌʒuəl ʃeɪp wɑz dɪˈzaɪnd ɪn ˈhɑrməni wɪθ ðə frənt kræʃ ˈstrəkʧər. ˈvɪzəbəl æt ðə frənt ɪz ə dəkt ðət həz ən ˌɛroʊdaɪˈnæmɪk roʊl, waɪl bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈdraɪvər, ðə roll-hoop*, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪts ðə ˈɪnʤən ɛr ˈɪnˌteɪk həz bɪn kəmˈplitli ˌridɪˈzaɪnd. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ɪz ðə səˈspɛnʃən leɪaʊt, wɪʧ stɪl rɪˈteɪnz ə pʊʃ rɑd dɪˈzaɪn æt ðə frənt wɪθ pʊl rɑdz æt ðə rɪr. ðə həbz ənd wil nəts hæv bɪn ˌridɪˈzaɪnd tɪ fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ðə wərk əv ðə məˈkænɪks wɪn ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ wilz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə pɪt stɑps. ˈfaɪnəli, ˈɔlsoʊ ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv ðə ɪkˈspɛktɪd ˌɪnˈkris ɪn pərˈfɔrməns ðɪs jɪr, ðə ənd ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈsɪstəmz hæv bɪn upsized*. paʊər ˈjunɪt ɪn ˈkɑntræst tɪ ðə ˌɛroʊdaɪˈnæmɪks, wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ðə paʊər ˈjunɪt, ðɛr hæv bɪn fju ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz. ðə meɪn wən kənˈsərnz ðə əˈmaʊnt əv fjuəl ðət kən bi juzd baɪ iʧ kɑr ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə reɪs: wɪθ ðə prɪˈdɪktɪd ˌɪnˈkris ɪn pərˈfɔrməns, wɪθ ə ˈbɪgər pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv iʧ læp spɛnt æt fʊl rɛvz, ðə pərˈmɪtɪd əˈmaʊnt əv fjuəl həz ˌɪnˈkrist frəm 100 tɪ 105 kg*, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə floʊ reɪt ɪz stɪl fɪkst æt 100 kg/hour*. ðə 062 ˈɪnʤən ɪz ə ˈdɛfənət stɛp ˈfɔrwərd kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ɪts ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər, wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈʧeɪsɪŋ pərˈfɔrməns. ðə leɪaʊt əv səm əv ðə məˈkænɪkəl kəmˈpoʊnənts ɔn ðə ˈhaɪbrɪd paʊər ˈjunɪt həz bɪn rɪˈvaɪzd, waɪl ˈəðər ˈɛriəz meɪnˈteɪn ə ˈsɪmələr leɪaʊt tɪ ðə 2016 kɑr. ɔn ðə ˈspɔrtɪŋ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən frənt, ðə ˌæbəˈlɪʃən əv ðə ““token”*” ˈsɪstəm əˈlaʊz ðə timz mɔr rum fər dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv ðə ˈsizən.
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