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the poorest section of irish society suffered the largest contraction in income as a result of the recession, according to one of the most comprehensive studies of income distribution in ireland during the crash.
the finding contained in a report by the economic and social research institute (esri) runs counter to the so-called “squeezed middle” narrative which suggests those on middle incomes bore the brunt of the downturn.
it found the poorest 10 per cent of the population suffered an income contraction of 22 per cent between 2008 and 2013 when the impact of the crisis was at its strongest.
this compared with an average fall in income of 13 per cent across the economy as a whole, and a decline of 14.4 per cent for those on middle incomes.
the gap was even greater when measuring incomes after housing costs with the poorest group suffering an income contraction of 27 per cent compared to a 15 per cent national average.
the esri’s crisis, austerity, recovery: income distribution through the great recession in ireland report is based on data from the central statistics office’s survey on income and living conditions.
its central findings come with a number of caveats, however.
the fall in incomes among those in the bottom 10 per cent did not arise from falling incomes of those already in this cohort, but from declines in the income of those entering the lowest group, the composition of which changed from year to year.
the study suggests most of those entering the bottom group came from the bottom one-third of the income distribution scale, rather than from the middle or upper echelons.
the rapid acceleration in unemployment from 2009 onwards was chief explanation given for this phenomenon.
significantly, the study also pinpointed 2009 as the year when income inequality in ireland was at its lowest level on record. this was put down to the government’s decision to bring forward december’s budget by two months and to increase welfare payments.
the latter decision would almost certainly not have been taken if the jump in unemployment, the collapse in tax revenue and the fall-off in inflation – all of which occurred in the final quarter of 2009 – had been predicted.
apart from 2009, the report said that the level of inequality in ireland – as measured by the gini coefficient, a standard economic measure – remained stable during the recession and the subsequent adoption of austerity policies by the then government.
however, the institute noted that discretionary changes in budgetary policy gave rise to complex effects, with the greatest reduction in income being that for the top cohort, and the next greatest for those on the very bottom.
“in assessing the impact of recession and austerity on income inequality, ireland provides a case study of particular interest, in light of the extent and nature of the crisis faced – not only deep recession but the inter-related banking crisis of unprecedented proportions and bursting of a housing bubble – and the scale of the fiscal adjustment then undertaken,” the report’s authors, michael savage, tim callan, brian nolan and brian colgan, said.
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ðə kˈwɛʃən əˈbaʊt ðə "ˈraɪtnəs" əv ˌvɪʤəˈlænti riˈvɛnʤ ˈdɛfənətli kəmz əp ˈæftər ə ˈfɑðər, ən ˈæfrɪkɑ ˈrəgbi stɑr, wɛnt ɔn wət lʊks tɪ bi ə riˈvɛnʤ ˈkɪlɪŋ spri, ˈjuzɪŋ ən æks tɪ ˈmərdər θri mɛn hi bɪˈlivz gæŋ reɪpt hɪz ˈdɔtər ənd geɪv hər hiv*. wən əv ðə ˈvɪktɪmz' hɛdz wɑz faʊnd ə maɪl əˈweɪ frəm hɪz ˈbɑdi. wən əv ðə tu ˈəðər mɛn, ˈɔlsoʊ kɪld baɪ æks, wɑz ˈnɪrli diˈkæpəˌteɪtɪd ɛz wɛl. fər ˈɛniˌwən hu həz ə ˈdɔtər ər ə ʧaɪld, ɪt simz ə ˈraɪtli sərvd fɔrm əv ˈʤəstɪs ɔn mɛn hu wʊd kəˈmɪt ə ˈheɪnəs ənd ˈvaɪələnt kraɪm əˈgɛnst ə jəŋ gərl, əˈspɛʃəli ˈlivɪŋ hər tɪ faɪt ə ˈdɛdli ˈvaɪrəs fər laɪf; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs strɪŋ əv ˈvaɪələns æt ðə hænz əv ə ˈfɑðər ˈɔlsoʊ riˈmaɪndz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ kənˈsɪdər ðət ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə lɔ ˈɪntu ɑr oʊn hænz maɪt nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz wərk aʊt haʊ ɪt ʃʊd. fərst əv ɔl, ðɛr ɪz ðə ˈmætər əv ðə gæŋ reɪp, wɪʧ ɪz stɪl əˈlɛʤd. ɪt ˈdəzənt saʊnd laɪk ˈɛniˌwən wɑz pɪkt əp, ərˈɛstɪd, ər ʧɑrʤd fər ðə kraɪm. nɑt səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðə reɪp ˈdɪdənt ˈhæpən. nɑt æt ɔl. ɪf ɪt wɑz maɪ kɪd hu wɑz reɪpt, aɪd hæv noʊ ˈprɑbləm ˈteɪkɪŋ hər wərd fər ɪt. aɪ kʊd si ˈmɛni, ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli goʊɪŋ ˈæftər ðə ˈreɪpɪsts neɪmd baɪ ðɛr oʊn ˈdɔtər. bət wət ɪf ðɪs ˈfɑðər kɪld ðə rɔŋ gaɪz? wət ɪf, ɪn ən ˌɪmˈpæʃənd ənd ˈmərdərəs ˈræmˌpeɪʤ, hi hækt əp ˈsəmˌwən hi θɔt tɪ bi wən əv ðə ˈreɪpɪsts, ənd wət ɪf hi wɑz rɔŋ? ðɛn ðə ˈstɔri ˈɪzənt soʊ hɪˈroʊɪk ˌɛniˈmɔr, ɪz ɪt? ðæts ðə ˈpərpəs ðə kɔrts ənd ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ tɛsts ənd ˈfɪŋgər ˈpɔɪntɪŋ ɪn ə ˈkɔrˌtrum sərv. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls əˈsaɪd, ju wɔnt tɪ gɪt ðə raɪt gaɪz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ɪz wət wi doʊnt noʊ wɪn ə ˈpərsən goʊz ˈæftər ˈpipəl wɪˈθaʊt ðə lɔ bɪˈhaɪnd ɪm. ðə ˈfɑðər ɪz du ɪn kɔrt təˈmɑˌroʊ, wɛr hi wɪl feɪs θri ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv ˈmərdər ənd wən əv əˈtɛmptəd ˈmərdər fər ə fɔrθ əˈlɛʤd ˈvɪktɪm hu ɪˈskeɪpt. hi ɪz əˈkjuzd əv ˈstɔkɪŋ hɪz ˈvɪktɪmz ˈoʊvər ˈsɛvərəl deɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈhækɪŋ ðɛm tɪ dɛθ wɪθ ən æks. du ju θɪŋk ðɪs dæd dɪd ðə raɪt θɪŋ ər ʃʊd hi hæv steɪd ɔn ðə saɪd əv ðə lɔ? ˈɛdɪtɪd ɔn mɔr fækts əˈbaʊt ðɪs keɪs hæv sɪns bɪn riˈlist, rɪˈvilɪŋ ə ˈhɔrəˌfaɪɪŋ twɪst. rɛd ɑr ˈfɑloʊˌəp ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt ðɪs mæn, naʊ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ˈʤoʊzəf ntshongwana*, ənd hɪz kraɪmz. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈviə ˈædəm
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the question about the "rightness" of vigilante revenge definitely comes up after a father, an ex-south africa rugby star, went on what looks to be a revenge killing spree, using an axe to murder three men he believes gang raped his daughter and gave her hiv. one of the victims' heads was found a mile away from his body. one of the two other men, also killed by axe, was nearly decapitated as well.
for anyone who has a daughter or a child, it seems a rightly served form of justice on men who would commit a heinous and violent crime against a young girl, especially leaving her to fight a deadly virus for life; however, this string of violence at the hands of a rage-filled father also reminds us to consider that taking the law into our own hands might not always work out how it should.
first of all, there is the matter of the gang rape, which is still alleged. it doesn't sound like anyone was picked up, arrested, or charged for the crime. not suggesting the rape didn't happen. not at all. if it was my kid who was raped, i'd have no problem taking her word for it. i could see many, many people immediately going after the rapists named by their own daughter.
but what if this father killed the wrong guys? what if, in an impassioned and murderous rampage, he hacked up someone he thought to be one of the rapists, and what if he was wrong? then the story isn't so heroic anymore, is it? that's the purpose the courts and dna tests and finger pointing in a courtroom serve. everything else aside, you want to get the right guys. however, this is what we don't know when a person goes after people without the law behind him.
the father is due in court tomorrow, where he will face three charges of murder and one of attempted murder for a fourth alleged victim who escaped. he is accused of stalking his victims over several days before hacking them to death with an axe.
do you think this dad did the right thing or should he have stayed on the side of the law?
edited on 4/1/11: more facts about this case have since been released, revealing a horrifying twist. read our follow-up story about this man, now identified as joseph ntshongwana, and his crimes.
image via alphatangobravo / adam baker/flickr
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ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn ðə nɛkst ˈəpˌdeɪt... snik pik 1 nu ərˈinə! ˈʤəŋgəl ərˈinə: æt 2600 ˈtroʊfiz (ˈkəmɪŋ ɔn ʤæn 13 æt 2600 ˈtroʊfiz (ˈkəmɪŋ ɔn ʤæn 13 ˈvɪdioʊz: ʧɛk aʊt səm ˈʤəŋgəl ərˈinə ˈgeɪmˌpleɪ! ʧɛk aʊt səm ˈʤəŋgəl ərˈinə ˈgeɪmˌpleɪ! ˈboʊnəs ˈɪnfoʊ: ðɛrz ə frɛʃ nu lʊk ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə (kɔld: "nuz rɔɪæl") snik pik 2 fɔr nu kɑrdz! dɑrt ˈgɑblɪn: əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ʤæn 13 əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ʤæn 13 ˈɛvəri tu wiks: wən nu kɑrd wɪl bi riˈlist wən nu kɑrd wɪl bi riˈlist ˈvɪdioʊz: teɪk ə fərst lʊk æt ðə nu kɑrdz! snik pik 3 mɔr epicness*! ˈɛpɪk ˈsənˌdi: rɪkˈwɛst ənd ˈdoʊˌneɪt ˈɛpɪk kɑrdz ˈɛvəri ˈsənˌdi rɪkˈwɛst ənd ˈdoʊˌneɪt ˈɛpɪk kɑrdz ˈɛvəri ˈsənˌdi ʃɑp ˈɛpɪks: hæf praɪs! ˈstɑrtɪŋ æt goʊld (frəm goʊld) hæf praɪs! ˈstɑrtɪŋ æt goʊld (frəm goʊld) ˈɛpɪk ʧɛsts: gɪv mɔr kɑrdz ənd skeɪl wɪθ jʊr ˈkɑrənt ərˈinə gɪv mɔr kɑrdz ənd skeɪl wɪθ jʊr ˈkɑrənt ərˈinə ˈvɪdioʊz: ʧɛk aʊt ðə epicness*! snik pik 4 nu klæn ʧɛst! ɪˈvɛnt stɑrts ɔn dɛk 19 ənd læsts wən wik kəˈlɛkt kraʊnz wɪθ jʊr klæn tɪ ənˈlɑk ðə klæn ʧɛst ˈvɪdioʊz: faɪnd aʊt mɔr! snik pik 5 nu ˈspɛʃəl ɪˈvɛnt ˈʧælənʤ!
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coming in the next update...
sneak peek #1 - new arena!
jungle arena: unlocks at 2600 trophies (coming on jan 13)
unlocks at 2600 trophies (coming on jan 13) videos: check out some jungle arena gameplay!
check out some jungle arena gameplay! bonus info: there's a fresh new look coming to the inbox (called: "news royale")
sneak peek #2 - four new cards!
dart goblin: available on jan 13
available on jan 13 every two weeks: one new card will be released
one new card will be released videos: take a first look at the new cards!
sneak peek #3 - more epicness!
epic sunday: request and donate epic cards every sunday
request and donate epic cards every sunday shop epics: half price! starting at 1,000 gold (from 2,000 gold)
half price! starting at 1,000 gold (from 2,000 gold) epic chests: give more cards and scale with your current arena
give more cards and scale with your current arena videos: check out the epicness!
sneak peek #4 - new clan chest!
event starts on dec 19 and lasts one week
collect crowns with your clan to unlock the clan chest
videos: find out more!
sneak peek #5 - new special event challenge!
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ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈmaɪlˌstoʊnz deɪt ˈprɔˌsɛs rɪˈzəlt ˈɑrtɪkəlz fər dɪˈliʃən kɛpt pɪr ˌrivˈju rivˈjud ˈɑrˌkaɪvz ˈɑrˌkaɪvz ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈpɪkʧərz ˈɛdət ər ðiz səbˈmɪtəd baɪ ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə ˈjuzərz? æt list poʊst səm ðət ər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈfəni, ðeɪ ər ɔl ˈtɛrəbəl ənd meɪks ðə mim lʊk rɪˈtɑrdɪd. ənˈsaɪnd ˈkɑmɛnt ˈædɪd baɪ (tɔk) 6 ˈeɪprəl 2011 (utc*) ɔn ðə læst ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈpɪkʧər, ðə ˈkæpʃən sɪz "ə saɪn ðə saɪt aɪ kən həz ˈʧizbərgər?" ðə saɪt neɪm ʃʊd bi ˈlɪstɪd ɛz "aɪ kən həz cheezeburger*" wɪθ ə "zi" ɪn ðə pleɪs əv ðə "ɛs", ɛz ðɪs ɪz ðə əˈfɪʃəl neɪm əv ðə saɪt ˈrɛfərənst. (tɔk) 8 ʤun 2011 (utc*) aɪ əˈgri ðət ðə "ɛs" ʃʊd bi ˌriˈpleɪst wɪθ ə "zi." aɪ wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ laɪk tɪ pɔɪnt aʊt ðət ðə "i" ˈæftər ðə "zi" ɪn ðə səˈʤɛstɪd ˈspɛlɪŋ ju ˈɔfərd ɪn jʊr ˈkɑmɛnt ʃʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi dɪˈlitəd. aɪ hæv meɪd ðə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ðə ˈkæpʃən ˈəndər ðə ˈpɪkʧər. (tɔk) 11 meɪ 2012 (utc*) ɪt nidz mɔr ˈmɛnʃən əv ɪt. "lolcats*" ər ʤɪst ə ˈstoʊlən mim. ɪt wɑz caturday*. gɪt ɪt raɪt wikipedians*! ənˈsaɪnd ˈkɑmɛnt ˈædɪd baɪ (tɔk contribs*) 26 mɑrʧ 2010 (utc*) ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ˈsilɪŋ kæt ˈpriˈdeɪts baɪ mɔr ðən 3 jɪrz. ənˈsaɪnd ˈkɑmɛnt ˈædɪd baɪ tɔk 29 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2010 (utc*) fark*! (tɔk) 13 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2013 (utc*) ðə ˈɔrəʤən deɪt kən bi ˈsaɪtɪd frəm ˈɛni ˈlʊkəp. aɪv ˌɪnˈkludɪd wən hir fər ˈrɛfərəns: 1 kən ˈsəmˌwən pliz æd ðə saɪˈteɪʃən? priˈsidɪŋ ənˈsaɪnd ˈkɑmɛnt ˈædɪd baɪ (tɔk) 1 ʤun 2013 (utc*) ˈsɑri fər nɑt loling*, bət ɪz ðə rɪˈdɪkjələs ˈspɛlɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz əˈblɪgəˌtɔri? dixit*. (ɛm 3 meɪ 2010 (utc*) mɔr ər lɛs, si lolcat#format*. ˈkæpʃənz ər sɛd tɪ bi ˈrɪtən ɪn "ˈkɪti", wɪθ ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˈgræmər ənd ˈɔfən nɑnˈstændərd ˈspɛlɪŋ. ˈsaɪbər ˈkoʊbrə (tɔk) 3 meɪ 2010 (utc*) aɪ si, θæŋks. wʊd bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ noʊ ɪf ðɛr ər "ˈdaɪəˌlɛkts" əv lolspeech*... aɪl rɛd səm ˈfərðər ˈɑrtɪkəlz. dixit*. ɛm 3 meɪ 2010 (utc*) ðə ˈwaɪdər səkˈsɛs əv meɪ dəraɪv frəm spiʧ əˈpɪrɪŋ tɪ bi ˈkɪti (ər ˈbeɪbi tɔk, ɛz ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈrɔŋli kleɪmz ˈviə ə rɔŋ sɔrs), bət aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ɪt wʊd bi ən ɪgˌzæʤərˈeɪʃən tɪ seɪ ðət ðə ˈɔrəʤɪnz hæv ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ kæts, ənd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ə ˈpɛrədi əv ðə weɪ, səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈjuzərz ʧuz tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər ˈɔnˌlaɪn (ɪm ɪn ər beɪs ˈkɪlɪn ər doodz*). ðət ɪz nɑt ə ˈfæktər ɪn naʊ ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈhaɪˌʤækɪŋ baɪ ˈɔfəl kæt ˈpipəl hu ʤɪst gɪt ɪt, bət ðət ɪz wɛr ɪt ərˈɪʤənəli keɪm frəm. ɪm ɪn ər ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə citationz*. (tɔk) 11 meɪ 2011 (utc*) ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈdəzənt kleɪm ˈɛniˌwɛr ðət spiʧ "əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ˈbeɪbi tɔk". ɪt ˈmɪrli ˈmɛnʃənz ðət ˈsəmˌwən həz kəmˈpɛrd ðə tu. ˈɔlsoʊ, ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ ʃaʊt ɪn ɔl kæps. ɑr anaɢ*ɢ (tɔk) 12 meɪ 2011 (utc*) aɪ θɪŋk jʊr "ˈsəmˌwən" ʃʊd hæv ðə wərdz "frəm ə ˈmidiə sɔrs" ˈæftər ɪt. ðə "ˈmɛnʃən" ˈjuzɪz ə səˈpoʊzədli ˈrɛpjətəbəl sɔrs ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ fɪl aʊt ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl, wɪʧ baɪ ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈækjərətli dɪˈskraɪb ðə ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks, ənd ɪkˈspleɪn ðə sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns, əv ɪts ˈsəbʤɪkt. ðə ˈrizən ðɛr ɪz ə "ˈmɛnʃən" əv ən təˈdeɪ ɪz bɪˈkəz ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ təˈdeɪ ɪz ə (ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈrɛpjətəbəl ənd ˈtrəstˌwərði!) ˈmidiə sɔrs wɪʧ həz ˈrɪtən əˈbaʊt; ɪt həz ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ðə ˈækjərəsi (ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈfəŋkʃən) əv wət ðeɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli roʊt. haʊ ˌɪˈnækjərət, aɪ æsk, wʊd ˈsəmθɪŋ frəm ðə ˌeɪˈpi hæv tɪ bi ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt wʊd bi rɪˈʤɛktɪd fər juz baɪ ə ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə ˈɑrtɪkəl? ˈmidiə æt ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ðə ˌeɪˈpi hæv nɑt ˈrɪtən ˈækjərətli əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɔrəʤɪnz əv bɪˈkəz ðeɪ doʊnt noʊ ðɛm. naʊ, aɪ məst bi ɔf: əm goʊɪŋ tɪ pɑp ˈoʊvər tɪ ˈprɪnsɪz ˈɑrtɪkəl ənd æd ðə ˈsɛntəns "ʃɪˈnid oʊˈkɑnər həz ˈlaɪkənd prɪns tɪ ə ˈmɪʤət." (tɔk) 15 meɪ 2011 (utc*) ˈəðər ˈɛdət aɪ voʊt fər ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə ˈlaʊzi ˈkɑrənt fərst ˈɪmɪʤ wɪθ ðɪs wən, wɪʧ ɪz ˈɑbviəsli mɔr əˈproʊpriˌeɪt: də (tɔk) 23 ʤun 2010 (utc*) ðɪs həz ɔˈrɛdi bɪn dɪˈskəst ˈməltəpəl taɪmz. ɑr anaɢ*ɢ (tɔk) 8 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2010 (utc*) wɪʧ ˈdəzənt ɪn ˈɛni ʃeɪp, ˈmænər ər fɔrm meɪk ðə əˈpɪnjən əv rɪkˈwaɪrmənt, ər səˈʤɛsʧən əv ə ˈbɛtər ˈɪmɪʤ ˌɪnˈvæləd. ənˈsaɪnd ˈkɑmɛnt ˈædɪd baɪ (tɔk) noʊ wən sɛd hɪz əˈpɪnjən wɑz "ˌɪnˈvæləd" (ðæts wət meɪks ɪt ən əˈpɪnjən). ɪts ʤɪst ən əˈpɪnjən ðət wɪl nɑt bi ˈæktɪd ɔn. pərˈhæps ju ʃʊd rɛd əp ɔn wp:consensus*. ɑr anaɢ*ɢ (tɔk) 29 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2010 (utc*) ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt ɪz ɪn ə ˈmænər, kwaɪt əmˈjuzɪŋ. ðə riˈækʃən fər ðə ʧiz ˈbərgər həz ʃɑkt ˈmɛni ɛz ɪt ɪz kul. priˈsidɪŋ ənˈsaɪnd ˈkɑmɛnt ˈædɪd baɪ (tɔk contribs*) 24 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2011 (utc*) riˈvɪʒən əv əv ˌʤuˈlaɪ, 2010 ˈɛdɪts æt ˈɛdət ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ aɪ ˈəˌploʊdɪd ðət ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ ˈhɛri ˈpɔɪntər juzd tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðə kæt ˈmækroʊ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ ˈhɛri friz. aɪ ˈædɪd ðə ˈpɔɪntər ˈfoʊˌtoʊ tɪ ðə kɑrt də ˈɑrtɪkəl, wɪʧ aɪ tɪ frəm ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ lɛft ðə friz ˈfoʊˌtoʊ hir ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈivɪn ðoʊ ɪt wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd ˈleɪtər, bɪˈkəz ə: aɪ θɔt wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ðə ˈkjutər əv ðə tu. bi: aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ˈvæljəbəl tɪ liv ðə ˈleɪtər friz ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈɪləˌstreɪt ðət ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ˈərli kæt wɑz mɔr ðən ʤɪst ə ˌwəˈnɔf fəˈnɑməˌnɑn ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ə ˈsɪŋgəl (ˈpɔɪntər ɪn ˈɪŋglənd). ɪf ðə friz ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɪz riˈmuvd, ðə hi ʃʊd æt list bi ˈmɛnʃənd fər ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl fər hɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns, ənd tɪ frəm ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈsəmˌwɛr. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, əm stɪl fər ˈlivɪŋ friz' ˈpɪkʧər əv ðə ˈkɪtən ɪn ðə drɛs ənd haɪ ʧɛr. (tɔk) 8 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2010 (utc*) aɪ əˈgri. məˈkeɪl (tɔk) 8 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2010 (utc*) muv ðə "ɪm ɪn ər bɛd zleeping*" ˈɪmɪʤ tɪ ðə tɔp? ˈɛdət aɪd ʤɪst goʊ əˈhɛd ənd du ɪt, bət ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz ər ʧɑpt ənd ʧeɪnʤd soʊ məʧ aɪ θɔt ɪt wɑz wərθ ə noʊt hir fərst. ðə "ɪm ɪn ər..." ˈfɔrˌmæt ɪz ˈtɪpɪkəl fər, ɛz dɪˈskəst ɪn ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl, waɪl ðə ˈəðər ˈɪmɪʤ, aɪd bi ˌɪnˈklaɪnd tɪ seɪ, ɪz ˈsɪmpli nɑt. aɪ θɪŋk ðə ɪz ˈrəðər un-lolcat-esque*. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə meɪn ðɪs ðæts ʧeɪnʤd ɪz ɪgˈzæktli ðət ˈkæpʃən wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn ə ˈvɛri rɪˈlaɪəbəl sɔrs. ʤeɪ ˈmɪlˌbərn (tɔk) 31 ˈɔgəst 2010 (utc*) ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət ɪn ə ˈrisənt ˈmægəˌzin, aɪ sɔ ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ɛnˈtaɪtəld: ər ɪt rɔŋ". kʊd ðət bi ə ˈrɛfərəns, ər ɪz 'ər ɪt wwrong*' juzd fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls? ˈɔlsoʊ, ən æd ˈhæzbroʊ hæd fər stɑr wɔrz ˈfɪgjərz hæd ðə freɪz: ɑr ɪn ər beɪs, ˈtreɪnɪŋ doodz*". kˈwɛʃən. (tɔk) 16 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2010 (utc*) ðə "jʊr' ɪt ɪt wrong/et.c*. misspellings*" ˈpriˈdeɪts ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl baɪ ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz. ɪt spɔnd ɪn ɛz ə seɪɪŋ ðət stək əraʊnd tɪ ðɪs deɪ. "əm ɪn ər beɪs, ˈkɪlɪŋ ər doods*", ˈɔlsoʊ dɪz. ɪts ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt seɪɪŋ. ɪt ɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈərli jɪrz. ənˈsaɪnd ˈkɑmɛnt ˈædɪd baɪ (tɔk) 29 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2010 (utc*) ʤɪst ə hɛdz əp ˈɛdət aɪ meɪd ə lɪŋk tɪ frəm ðə sərʧ (tɔk) 25 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2010 (utc*) ərˈɪʤənəl ˈʧizbərgər kæt ˈɛdət ðɛr nidz tɪ bi ə ˈmɛnʃən ɔn ðɪs peɪʤ əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈʧizbərgər kæt ɪt hæd ɪts ˈkæpʃən. aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ˈhævɪŋ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl kæt ɔn maɪ kəmˈpjutər fər ə lɔŋ taɪm, ənd ɪt wɑz ˈoʊnli jɪrz ˈleɪtər ðət aɪ hərd əˈbaʊt "aɪ kən həz cheezeburger*" tɪ mi, ɪt wɑz ʤɪst ə kæt ʃəvd ɪn bɪtˈwin ə ˈbərgər. wɛr ɪz ðə ˈɪmɪʤ əv ðə kæt? ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɑrt əv ðə ˈhɪstəri, tɪ bi ʃʊr. θæŋks fər ɔl ðə hɑrd wərk ju du, maɪ ˈdɑrlɪŋ ˈwɪˌki noʊmz. 3 ənˈsaɪnd ˈkɑmɛnt ˈædɪd baɪ (tɔk) 24 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2011 (utc*) ˈdɑrlɪŋ ˈwɪˌki noʊmz? ˈmɪstər. unknownwikipediauser*, aɪ bɪˈliv ðə əˈfɪʃəl tərm ɪz ə "wikipedian*". ˈɛniˌweɪz, ðə "aɪ kən cheezburger*?" ˈɪmɪʤ ɪz ˈəndər ˈkɑpiˌraɪt. ðət ˈɪmɪʤ (tɪ maɪ knowlege*) həz bɪn ˈædɪd tɪ ðə peɪʤ əˈwaɪl əˈgoʊ, ənd həz bɪn riˈmuvd bɪˈkəz ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈhoʊldər rɪkˈwɛstɪd ɪt tɪ bi riˈmuvd. ðɪs prəˈpoʊzəl həz bɪn brɔt əp ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz sɪns ðɛn, ənd iʧ taɪm həz bɪn tərnd daʊn, tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt əv maɪ knowlege*. bty*, fər ˈɛni wərk tɪ bɪˈkəm 100 ˈpəblɪk doʊˈmeɪn, ðə kriˈeɪtər, ˈpəblɪʃər, ˈɛdɪtər, ənd ˈɛniˌwən ɛls ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈmeɪkɪŋ əv ðə wərk məst bi dɛd fər 75 jɪrz, ənˈlɛs ɪf ðə kriˈeɪtər kənˈsɛnts tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ɪn ˈpəblɪk doʊˈmeɪn. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt məst bi fər 75 jɪrz (ðɪs ɪz waɪ ðə "ˈhæpi ˈbərθˌdeɪ" sɔŋ ɪz ˈtɛknɪkəli ˈəndər ˈkɑpiˌraɪt. ˈsəmˌwən stɪl oʊnz ɪt). ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, kən ju pliz brɪŋ ðɪs prəˈpoʊzəl əp ɪn 75 jɪrz frəm naʊ? wups. fərˈgɑt tɪ saɪn ɪt. ˈsɑri. (tɔk) 23 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2012 (utc*) "kæt hæv ɪgˈzɪstəd sɪns æt list ðə 1870s*" ˈɛdət {{ˈɛdət semi-protected*}} aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðɪs həz bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ˈvɛri rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈsɔrsəz, bət kən ˈsəmˌwən ʧeɪnʤ ɪt? ɪt ʃʊd seɪ "priˈkərsərz" ər ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈsɪmələr. nɑt dən: pliz prəˈvaɪd rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈsɔrsəz ðət səˈpɔrt ðə ʧeɪnʤ ju wɔnt tɪ bi meɪd. kən ju gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ðə 'ˈvɛri rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈsɔrsəz' ðɪs ɪz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn? ˈæmˌweɪ izardway*. 13 mɑrʧ 2011 (utc*) aɪ wɑz rɪkˈwɛstɪŋ ðə ˈvændəlɪzəm bi ˈteɪkən aʊt əv ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl. (tɔk) 13 mɑrʧ 2011 (utc*) nɑt dən: pliz prəˈvaɪd rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈsɔrsəz ðət səˈpɔrt ðə ʧeɪnʤ ju wɔnt tɪ bi meɪd. ðɛr ɪz ə sɔrs ˈsaɪtɪd æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈpɛrəˌgræf. ðə fækt ðət ju doʊnt laɪk ɪt ˈdəzənt meɪk ɪt ˈvændəlɪzəm. kən ju prəˈvaɪd rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈɛvədəns ðət ðɪs ɪz nɑt ˈækjərət? ɑr anaɢ*ɢ (tɔk) 13 mɑrʧ 2011 (utc*) ðɪs ˈpərsən həz ə pɔɪnt ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ kʊd hæv bɪn ˈklɪrər. ðə ˌɛtɪˈmɑləʤi ˈsɛkʃən əv ˈɪmɪʤ ˈmækroʊ meɪks ɪt klɪr ðət ˈjuzɪŋ ðə tərm tɪ dɪˈskraɪb ðə ˈsɛnʧəri ɪz əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk. aɪl ˈɔltər ðə peɪʤ. (tɔk) 14 mɑrʧ 2011 (utc*) ˈbrɛdɪŋ kæt ˈɛdət kʊd ˈmeɪbi juz ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ə ˈbrɛdɪd kæt? (tɔk) 24 ˈeɪprəl 2012 (utc*) ðət wʊd bi asesome*!!!! ɪf aɪ nu haʊ tɪ du ɪt aɪ wʊd. ˈbrɛdɪŋ həz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈgɔtən ˈrɪli ˈpɑpjələr (tɔk) 1 meɪ 2012 (utc*) aɪ gɛs ðɛr ˈɪzənt ə lɔt əv rum wɪθ səm ˈmɛni ˈpɪkʧərz ɔˈrɛdi. bət ðɛrz mɔr ðən wən əv ʤɪst 'ʤəˈnɛrɪk' wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni spɪˈsɪfɪk pɔɪnt, soʊ ˈmeɪbi wən əv ðoʊz kʊd bi ˌriˈpleɪst wɪθ ə ˈbrɛdɪd kæt nɛkst tɪ ðə ˈbrɛdɪŋ kæt ˈsɛkʃən? bət aɪ ˈwʊdənt wɔnt tɪ du ðət wɪˈθaʊt səm əˈgrimənt, ˈivɪn ɪf aɪ dɪd noʊ haʊ. (tɔk) 5 meɪ 2012 (utc*) fil fri tɪ goʊ fər ɪt ˈiðər əv ju. ɪts əp tɪ ju bət ɪf ɪt wər mi aɪd riˈmuv "aɪ wɔnt ər nɑ". ðɛrz ɔˈrɛdi ən ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈpɪkʧər ɪn ðə lɛd, tu ɪz ˈklətər ənd ðə ˈəðər ˈbɛtər dɪˈpɪkts "lolspeak*". aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ju ˈrɪli nid əˈgrimənt, ɪts ˌənˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl. ðɛrz bɪn dɪˈskəʃən əˈbaʊt ˈpleɪsmənt əv "ɪn ər bɛd zleeping*" ˌbiˈfɔr bət sɪns wɪr nɑt ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ðət ɪt ˈdəzənt ˈmætər. ðə ˈpɪkʧər nidz tɪ bi "fri". ɛz ðɛr sim tɪ nən ˈsutəbəl ɔn ˈkɑmənz, haʊ əˈbaʊt ˈəˌploʊdɪŋ wən? ˈæftər ə sərʧ aɪ faʊnd ðɪs 2 ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli, jʊd wɔnt ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈvərʒən. ɪts ˈəndər wɪʧ minz ɪts faɪn tɪ ˈəˌploʊd. ɛz juv nu əˈkaʊnts ju kən lɔg ˈɪntu ˈkɑmənz ənd ɪt ʃʊd ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli kriˈeɪt ən əˈkaʊnt fər ju. ˈəˌploʊd ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈstreɪtˈfɔrwərd. wəns ɪts ðɛr ju ˈoʊnli nid tɪ lɪŋk ɪt hir. frəm ə mɔs pɔɪnt əv vju jʊd pʊt ɪt ɔn ðə lɛft, ˈfeɪsɪŋ ðə tɛkst. ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk [[file:nameyougaveimage.jpg|thumb|left|optionalcaption*]] (tɔk) 11 meɪ 2012 (utc*) aɪv riˈmuvd 'aɪ wɔnt ər nɑ' ənd pʊt ðə ˈpɪkʧər ju səˈʤɛstɪd ɪn. tʊk mi ə ˈkəpəl əv goʊz tɪ gɪt ɪt pleɪst: əm nɑt ʃʊr ɪts raɪt haʊ ɪt ɪz naʊ bət ɪts ðə bɛst aɪ kən du. ɪf ˈɛniˌwən θɪŋks ðeɪ kən gɪt ɪt ɪn ə ˈbɛtər pliz du. (tɔk) 13 meɪ 2012 (utc*) ðə pɪk ɪz ˈɔsəm, fər ˈædɪŋ ɪt. ðə pəˈzɪʃən ɪz ə bɪt ˈfəŋki, bət aɪ θɪŋk ɪt lʊks ˈoʊˈkeɪ. aɪ noʊ wət ju min. (tɔk) 15 meɪ 2012 (utc*) ʧɪrz. ɪt wɑz hu faʊnd ðə pɪk, nɑt mi: aɪ ʤɪst ˈfɑloʊd ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz. ənd pliz du muv ɪt ɪf ju noʊ haʊ tɪ du ɪt ˈbɛtər. (tɔk) 15 meɪ 2012 (utc*) wɛl dən! aɪ θɪŋk ju dɪd ə fænˈtæstɪk ʤɑb. tɪ du ɔl ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈtɛmplət stəf kərˈɛktli ɔn jʊr fərst ˈɛvər ˈkɑmənz ˈɛdət ɪz ˈprɪti ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv, ˈkɛri. aɪ θɪŋk ɪt lʊks ˈoʊˈkeɪ tu. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ twik ðə ˈpleɪsmənt, aɪ θɪŋk ðɛrz ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈɔpʃənz. ɪf jʊr ˈædɪŋ ðə pɪk ˈəndər ðə ˈbrɛdɪŋ kæt ˈsɛkʃən ˈhɛdər ju kən æd {{clr*}} æt ðə ɛnd əv ðət ˈsəbsɛkʃən tɪ ˌɪnˈsərt whitespace*, ər ju kən æd ðə ˈɪmɪʤ ˈəndər ðə ˈɔfˌʃuts ənd ˈpɛrədiz ˈhɛdər. tɪ pʊt ɪt ɪn ə ˈsɪmələr pəˈzɪʃən tɪ wɛr ɪt ɪz naʊ, ju kən pʊt tu əv ðə ˈəðər ˈlɪstɪd æt ðə tɔp ˌɪnˈsaɪd ə {{ˈməltəpəl ˈɪmɪʤ}} ˈtɛmplət laɪk ðɪs: {{ˈməltəpəl ˈɪmɪʤ dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ˈvərtɪkəl wɪdθ 200 ə ˈɪmɪʤ ˈjuzɪŋ ðə "əm ɪn ər..." ˈfɔrˌmæt aɪ kən fɪr ˈræli tɪ rɪˈstɔr ə saɪn ðə saɪt aɪ kən həz cheezburger*? æt ðə ˈræli tɪ rɪˈstɔr ˈsænəti fɪr, ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˌdiˈsi 2010 ðɛn ju kən ˌɪnˈsərt 'ˈbrɛdɪd kæt']] wɛˈrɛvər ju laɪk, ˌəndərˈniθ ðə ˈfɔrˌmæt ˈhɛdər, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ˈiðər weɪ, ɪt lʊks gʊd θæŋk ju fər ˈædɪŋ ɪt. (tɔk) 11 ʤun 2012 (utc*) kul! (tɔk) 30 meɪ 2013 (utc*) ˈwɪtiər friz wəts dɪˈleɪɪŋ maɪ ˈɛdət kən ˈsəmˌwən fɪks ðɪs ˈɪmɪʤ lɪŋk? aɪ ˈkʊdənt ˈfɪgjər ɪt aʊt, keɪ...! (tɔk) 1 meɪ 2012 (utc*) lɛts əˈsum wi ər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə faɪl (ənd nɑt ðə faɪl) wən faɪndz wɪn ˈsərʧɪŋ ˈkɑmənz nɑt ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə). ɪt ðət ɪz soʊ, goʊ hir. ɪf aɪ æm kərˈɛkt ðɛn ðə faɪl əˈpɪrz ðɛr wɪθ ðə ˈtaɪtəl: faɪl: wɪn ju faɪnd ðə ˈɪmɪʤ ðɛr ɔn ˈkɑmənz, ju kən faɪnd ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt lɪŋk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. (tɔk) 2 ɑkˈtoʊbər 2012 (utc*) ˈpɑsəbəl ˈsɔrsəz ˈɛdət aɪ keɪm əˈkrɔs tu prɛs ˈaɪtəmz təˈdeɪ ðət maɪt pruv ˈjusfəl fər ɪkˈspændɪŋ ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl. ɪt simz ˈsəmˌbɑdi roʊt ə ˈmæstərz ˌdɪsərˈteɪʃən ɔn ðə ˈkəlʧərəl fəˈnɑməˌnɑn. ðə ˈsɛkənd ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr kənˈteɪnz ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˌsɛgmənˈteɪʃən əv kənˈsumərz. (tɔk) 9 meɪ 2012 (utc*) ˈɛdət hir ənd ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈmɛnʃən əv ɪt ɔn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər peɪʤ. ˈʃʊrli ˈsəmθɪŋ kən bi dən tɪ ˈrɛktəˌfaɪ ðɪs ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ (tɔk) 21 meɪ 2012 (utc*) ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ? ˈsɑri aɪ dɪsəˈgri, respectfuly*. (tɔk) 30 meɪ 2013 (utc*) ɪz ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈrisərʧ ˈbænər stɪl ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd? ˈɛdət wɪθ 33 ˈfʊtˌnoʊts ənd əˈdɪʃənəl ˈrɛfərənsɪz ənd ɪkˈstərnəl lɪŋks, ɪz ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈrisərʧ ˈbænər stɪl ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd? ɪf soʊ, haʊ soʊ? (tɔk) 26 ˈɔgəst 2012 (utc*) ˈvərsəz ˈɛdət ɪn ˈkɑmən ˈjusɪʤ, ðə ˌkæpɪtəlɪˈzeɪʃən fər ðə ˈrɛfərənst mim ɪz æt list ənd pərˈhæps mɔr ˈɔfən ˈrɛndərd ɛz "lolcat*" ˌɪnˈstɛd əv "lolcat*". ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəktəri ˈsɛntəns əv ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl ʃʊd æt list ˌɪnˈklud boʊθ ɔlˈtərnətɪvz. priˈsidɪŋ ənˈsaɪnd ˈkɑmɛnt ˈædɪd baɪ (tɔk) 29 noʊˈvɛmbər 2012 (utc*) ˈfəni. (tɔk) 11 ʤun 2013 (utc*) noʊ, ðɪs ɪz nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ hæv sin. (tɔk) 9 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2013 (utc*) aɪ ləv haʊ ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl həz ðə prəˌnənsiˈeɪʃən ki fər 'lolcat*', həz ˈɛniˌwən ˈɛvər ˈæˌkʧuəli hərd ðə wərd juzd, ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt? jɛs. ˈɔfən. 1 jɛs, əv kɔrs. ðɪs ɪz ə tərm ˈmɛni ˈpipəl juz. ər ju prəˈpoʊzɪŋ ɪt bi ʧeɪnʤd? (tɔk) 18 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2014 (utc*) ˈrɛfərənsɪz aɪ juz ɪt. vi.? ˈɛdət ɪn maɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns, juz, bət ðət ˈdəzənt min ðeɪ ər! ðæts laɪk ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə peɪʤ ɔn mi, ənd sɪns aɪ spik ˈɪŋlɪʃ, ˌridərˈɛktɪŋ ˈɪŋlɪʃ tɪ mi! wət??? (tɔk) 9 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2013 (utc*) dɪˈspjut: ˈɛdət ɔn ˈɛˈsiˈpi 14 dɪˈlitəd ðə ˈsɛkʃən dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ðə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr kənˈsərnd wɪθ. ðə ˈrizən ˈsteɪtɪd wɑz ən "ˌənrɪˈlaɪəbəl" ˈrɛfərəns, bət wɪˈθaʊt prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈɛni ˈædəkˌweɪt ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən əv wət meɪks ðɪs ˈrɛfərəns ˌənrɪˈlaɪəbəl. ˈniðər dɪd əˈtɛmpt tɪ dɪˈskəs kənˈsərnz ɔn ðə tɔk peɪʤ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd ˈækʃən praɪər tɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə dɪˈliʃən. boʊθ ðə dɪˈliʃən ənd ðə ˈrizən fər ɪt ər ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl, ɛz ðə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən ɪz ɪn ˈkipɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl peɪʤ, ənd ðə ˈrɛfərəns prəˈvaɪdɪd ɪz səˈfɪʃəntli roʊˈbəst tɪ stɑrt wɪθ. maɪ səˈʤɛsʧən tɪ ɪz tɪ goʊ ənd faɪnd ˈrɛfərənsɪz faɪndz əkˈsɛptəbəl ənd bɪld ɔn wət həz bɪn kənˈtrɪbjutɪd, ˈrəðər ðən əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ waɪp aʊt ðə ˈpərfəktli ˈrizənəbəl wərk əv əˈnəðər ˈɛdɪtər fər səʧ ˈətərli ˈpɛˌti ˈrizənz. ðɪs taɪp əv bɪˈheɪvjər dɪz nɑt ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt gʊd feɪθ ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd əv, bət ˈrəðər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ən ˈɪnstəns əv wikibullying*. pliz dɪˈskəs ðə ˈmætər hir praɪər tɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈɛni ˈfərðər ˈsɛkʃən dɪˈliʃənz. ɪf ə kənˈsɛnsəs əv ˈæktɪv əˈgriz wɪθ ðə kəmˈplit dɪˈliʃən əv ðə ˈsɛkʃən, aɪ wɪl əˈbaɪd baɪ ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm, ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, aɪ hæv rɪˈvərtɪd ðə dɪˈliʃən. ˈpitər bi. (tɔk) 18 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2014 (utc*) pliz stɑp ˈædɪŋ ˈkɑntɛnt, ɛz ju dɪd tɪ. ðɪs ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiəz ˈpɑləsi ɔn verifiability*. ɪf ju kənˈtɪnju tɪ du soʊ, ju meɪ bi blɑkt frəm ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə. geɪn kənˈsɛnsəs æt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈjuzɪŋ ˈɛniˌwɛr, ɪts ɔˈrɛdi bɪn dɪsˈmɪst ɛz ə rs*. wikipedia:reliable_sources/noticeboard/archive_152#know_your_meme_on_asmr*, wikipedia:reliable_sources/noticeboard/archive_61#is_know_your_meme_a_reliable_source_on_viral_videos.3f*, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə... (tɔk) 20 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2014 (utc*) hɛˈloʊ ˈfɛloʊ wikipedians*, aɪ hæv ʤɪst ˈædɪd ˈɑrˌkaɪv lɪŋks tɪ wən ɪkˈstərnəl lɪŋk ɔn. pliz teɪk ə ˈmoʊmənt tɪ ˌrivˈju maɪ ˈɛdət. ɪf ˈnɛsəˌsɛri, æd {{cbignore*}} ˈæftər ðə lɪŋk tɪ kip mi frəm ˈmɑdəˌfaɪɪŋ ɪt. ɔlˈtərnətɪvli, ju kən æd {{nobots|deny=internetarchivebot*}} tɪ kip mi ɔf ðə peɪʤ ˌɔltəˈgɛðər. aɪ meɪd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz: ˈædɪd ˈɑrˌkaɪv tɪ wɪn ju hæv ˈfɪnɪʃt rivˈjuɪŋ maɪ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, pliz sɛt ðə ʧɛkt pərˈæmətər bɪˈloʊ tɪ tru tɪ lɛt ˈəðərz noʊ. ɛz əv ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2018 "ɪkˈstərnəl lɪŋks ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd" tɔk peɪʤ ˈsɛkʃənz ər noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ər ˈmɑnətərd baɪ internetarchivebot*. noʊ ˈspɛʃəl ˈækʃən ɪz rikˈwaɪərd rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðiz tɔk peɪʤ ˈnoʊtɪsɪz, ˈəðər ðən ˈrɛgjələr ˌvɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈɑrˌkaɪv tul ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz bɪˈloʊ. ˈɛdɪtərz hæv pərˈmɪʃən tɪ dɪˈlit ðə "ɪkˈstərnəl lɪŋks ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd" ˈsɛkʃənz ɪf ðeɪ wɔnt, bət si ðə ˌbiˈfɔr duɪŋ mæs ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk rɪˈmuvəlz. ðɪs ˈmɛsɪʤ ɪz ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd θru ðə ˈtɛmplət {{sourcecheck*}} (læst ˈəpˌdeɪt: 15 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2018 ɪf ju hæv dɪˈskəvərd wɪʧ wər ɛˈroʊniəsli kənˈsɪdərd dɛd baɪ ðə, ju kən rɪˈpɔrt ðɛm wɪθ ðɪs tul. ɪf ju faʊnd ən ˈɛrər wɪθ ˈɛni ˈɑrˌkaɪvz ər ðə ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ju kən fɪks ðɛm wɪθ ðɪs tul. tɔk tɪ maɪ 22 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2016 (utc*) hɛˈloʊ ˈfɛloʊ wikipedians*, aɪ hæv ʤɪst ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd wən ɪkˈstərnəl lɪŋk ɔn. pliz teɪk ə ˈmoʊmənt tɪ ˌrivˈju maɪ ˈɛdət. ɪf ju hæv ˈɛni kˈwɛsʧənz, ər nid ðə tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr ðə lɪŋks, ər ðə peɪʤ ˌɔltəˈgɛðər, pliz ˈvɪzɪt ðɪs ˈsɪmpəl fər əˈdɪʃənəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. aɪ meɪd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz: ˈædɪd ˈɑrˌkaɪv tɪ wɪn ju hæv ˈfɪnɪʃt rivˈjuɪŋ maɪ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, ju meɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðə ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz ɔn ðə ˈtɛmplət bɪˈloʊ tɪ fɪks ˈɛni ˈɪʃuz wɪθ ðə. ɛz əv ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2018 "ɪkˈstərnəl lɪŋks ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd" tɔk peɪʤ ˈsɛkʃənz ər noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ər ˈmɑnətərd baɪ internetarchivebot*. noʊ ˈspɛʃəl ˈækʃən ɪz rikˈwaɪərd rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðiz tɔk peɪʤ ˈnoʊtɪsɪz, ˈəðər ðən ˈrɛgjələr ˌvɛrəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈɑrˌkaɪv tul ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz bɪˈloʊ. ˈɛdɪtərz hæv pərˈmɪʃən tɪ dɪˈlit ðə "ɪkˈstərnəl lɪŋks ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd" ˈsɛkʃənz ɪf ðeɪ wɔnt, bət si ðə ˌbiˈfɔr duɪŋ mæs ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk rɪˈmuvəlz. ðɪs ˈmɛsɪʤ ɪz ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd θru ðə ˈtɛmplət {{sourcecheck*}} (læst ˈəpˌdeɪt: 15 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2018 ɪf ju hæv dɪˈskəvərd wɪʧ wər ɛˈroʊniəsli kənˈsɪdərd dɛd baɪ ðə, ju kən rɪˈpɔrt ðɛm wɪθ ðɪs tul. ɪf ju faʊnd ən ˈɛrər wɪθ ˈɛni ˈɑrˌkaɪvz ər ðə ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ju kən fɪks ðɛm wɪθ ðɪs tul. (rɪˈpɔrt bəg) 5 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2018 (utc*)
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article milestones date process result articles for deletion kept peer review reviewed
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article pictures [ edit ]
are these submitted by wikipedia users? at least post some that are actually funny, they are all terrible and makes the meme look retarded. —preceding unsigned comment added by 81.100.244.77 (talk) 17:56, 6 april 2011 (utc)
on the last example picture, the caption says "a sign parodying the lolcat site i can has cheeseburger?" . the site name should be listed as "i can has cheezeburger" , with a "z" in the place of the "s", as this is the official name of the site referenced. renaface (talk) 05:40, 8 june 2011 (utc)
i agree that the "s" should be replaced with a "z." i would also like to point out that the "e" after the "z" in the suggested spelling you offered in your comment should also be deleted. i have made the change in the caption under the picture. northcoastreader (talk) 00:16, 11 may 2012 (utc)
it needs more mention of it. "lolcats" are just a stolen meme. it was orginally caturday. get it right wikipedians! —preceding unsigned comment added by zzzzac1v4 (talk • contribs) 10:45, 26 march 2010 (utc)
in addition, ceiling cat predates lolcats by more than 3 years. —preceding unsigned comment added by 88.148.219.124 talk ) 14:12, 29 september 2010 (utc)
fark! --moeburn (talk) 03:05, 13 january 2013 (utc)
the caturday.com origin date can be cited from any whois lookup. i've included one here for reference: [1] - can someone please add the citation? — preceding unsigned comment added by 108.182.22.239 (talk) 19:58, 1 june 2013 (utc)
sorry for not loling, but is the ridiculous spelling in the images obligatory? rursus dixit. (m bork3 !) 12:10, 3 may 2010 (utc)
more or less, see lolcat#format. lolcat captions are said to be written in "kitty pidgin", with unusual grammar and often nonstandard spelling. -- cyber cobra (talk) 12:18, 3 may 2010 (utc)
i see, thanks. would be interesting to know if there are "dialects" of lolspeech... i'll read some further articles. rursus dixit. ( m bork3 !) 12:21, 3 may 2010 (utc)
the wider success of lolcats may derive from lolcat speech appearing to be kitty pidgin (or baby talk, as the article wrongly claims via a wrong source), but i don't think it would be an exaggeration to say that the meme's origins have nothing to do with cats, and everything to do with a parody of the way, uh...less sophisticated internet users choose to communicate with each other online (im in ur base killin ur doodz). that is not a factor in now probably the majority of lolcats given the meme's hijacking by awful cat people who just dont get it, but that is where it originally came from. im in ur wikipedia needin citationz. --jamieli (talk) 17:20, 11 may 2011 (utc)
this article doesn't claim anywhere that lolcat speech "appears to be baby talk". it merely mentions that someone has compared the two. also, it is not necessary to shout in all caps. r ʨ anaɢ (talk) 20:43, 12 may 2011 (utc)
i think your "someone" should have the words "from a widely-read media source" after it. the "mention" uses a supposedly reputable source in order to fill out the article, which by definition is supposed to accurately describe the characteristics, and explain the significance, of its subject. the reason there is a "mention" of an ap/usa today is because usa today is a widely-read (and therefore reputable and trustworthy!) media source which has written about lolcats; it has nothing to do with the accuracy (and therefore function) of what they actually wrote. how inaccurate, i ask, would something from the ap have to be before it would be rejected for use by a wikipedia article? media at the level of the ap have not written accurately about the origins of lolcats because they don't know them. now, i must be off: i'm going to pop over to prince's article and add the sentence "sinead o'connor has likened prince to a midget." --jamieli (talk) 22:47, 15 may 2011 (utc)
other lolcat [ edit ]
i vote for changing the lousy current first image with this one, which is obviously more appropriate: http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/yuanting/images/wikipedia-lolcat.jpg
-- jeroen de dauw (talk) 19:35, 23 june 2010 (utc)
this has already been discussed multiple times. r ʨ anaɢ (talk) 23:23, 8 july 2010 (utc)
which doesn't in any shape, manner or form make the opinion of requirement, or suggestion of a better image invalid. —preceding unsigned comment added by 88.148.219.124 (talk)
no one said his opinion was "invalid" (that's what makes it an opinion). it's just an opinion that will not be acted on. perhaps you should read up on wp:consensus. r ʨ anaɢ (talk) 14:18, 29 september 2010 (utc)
although it is in a predicious manner, quite amusing. the reaction for the cheese burger has shocked many as it is cool. — preceding unsigned comment added by dude98f (talk • contribs) 18:18, 24 january 2011 (utc)
revision of 8th of july, 2010 edits at 4:31 & 9:20 [ edit ]
yesterday i uploaded that photo by harry pointer used to replace the cat macro photo by harry whitier frees. i added the pointer photo to the carte de visite article, which i wikilinked to from this article. however, i left the frees photo here in this article even though it was created later, because
a: i thought frees's was actually the cuter of the two.
b: i think it's valuable to leave the later frees photo in order to illustrate that the creation of early cat macros was more than just a one-off phenomenon limited to a single place/person (pointer in england). if the frees photo is removed, the he should at least be mentioned for in this article for his significance, and wikilinked to from this article somewhere.
however, i'm still for leaving frees' picture of the kitten in the dress and high chair. adrigon (talk) 19:10, 8 july 2010 (utc)
i agree. mikael häggström (talk) 21:22, 8 july 2010 (utc)
move the "im in ur bed zleeping" image to the top? [ edit ]
i'd just go ahead and do it, but the images are chopped and changed so much i thought it was worth a note here first. the "im in ur..." format is typical for lolcats, as discussed in the article, while the other image, i'd be inclined to say, is simply not. i think the meta-humour is rather un-lolcat-esque. however, the main this that's changed is exactly that caption was actually mentioned in a very reliable source. j milburn (talk) 16:30, 31 august 2010 (utc)
references [ edit ]
in a recent boxoffice magazine, i saw an article entitled: "3d - ur doin it wrong". could that be a lolcat reference, or is 'ur doin it wwrong' used for anything else? also, an ad hasbro had for star wars figures had the phrase: "mandalarians r in ur base, training yur doodz". ssame question. 67.206.161.22 (talk) 08:38, 16 september 2010 (utc)
the "you're doin' it wrong/ur doin it wrong/et.c. misspellings" predates lolcats in general by several years. it spawned in 5chan as a pseudo-meme saying that stuck around to this day.
"i'm in ur base, killing ur doods", also does. it's a separate pseudo-meme saying. it is related to starcraft's early years. —preceding unsigned comment added by 88.148.219.124 (talk) 14:16, 29 september 2010 (utc)
just a heads up [ edit ]
i made a link to lolcats from the search bar.--cymbelmineer (talk) 16:17, 25 september 2010 (utc)
original cheeseburger cat [ edit ]
there needs to be a mention on this page of the original cheeseburger cat *before* it had its caption. i remember having the original cat on my computer for a long time, and it was only years later that i heard about "i can has cheezeburger" - to me, it was just a cat shoved in between a burger. where is the image of the captionless cat? an important part of the lolcat history, to be sure. thanks for all the hard work you do, my darling wiki gnomes. <3 —preceding unsigned comment added by 99.157.211.102 (talk) 04:24, 24 january 2011 (utc)
darling wiki gnomes? mr. unknownwikipediauser, i believe the official term is a "wikipedian". anyways, the "i can haz cheezburger?" image is under copyright. that image (to my knowlege) has been added to the page awhile ago, and has been removed because the origional copyright holder requested it to be removed. this proposal has been brought up several times since then, and each time has been turned down, to the extent of my knowlege. bty, for any work to become 100% public domain, the origional creator, publisher, editor, and anyone else involved in the making of the work must be dead for 75 years, unless if the creator consents to make it permanently in public domain. furthermore, the copyright must be unbought for 75 years (this is why the "happy birthday" song is technically under copyright. someone still legaly owns it). in other words, can you please bring this proposal up in 75 years from now? whoops. forgot to sign it. sorry. theapplepi (talk) 02:08, 23 january 2012 (utc)
"cat macros have existed since at least the 1870s" [ edit ]
{{edit semi-protected}}
i understand this has been reported in very reliable sources, but can someone change it? it should say "precursors" or something similar.
not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. can you give us the 'very reliable sources' this is reported in? -- ) iway amway imagineway izardway. 14:43, 13 march 2011 (utc)
i was requesting the vandalism be taken out of the article. alikash (talk) 18:35, 13 march 2011 (utc)
not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. there is a source cited at the end of the paragraph. the fact that you don't like it doesn't make it vandalism. can you provide reliable evidence that this is not accurate? r ʨ anaɢ (talk) 18:40, 13 march 2011 (utc)
this person has a point even if they could have been clearer. the etymology section of image macro makes it clear that using the term to describe the 19th century is anachronistic. i'll alter the page. gonfaloniere (talk) 00:11, 14 march 2011 (utc)
breading cat [ edit ]
could maybe use a picture of a breaded cat? carrievs (talk) 21:04, 24 april 2012 (utc)
omg that would be asesome!!!! if i knew how to do it i would. breading has actually gotten really popular latelyreginaldtq (talk) 06:48, 1 may 2012 (utc)
i guess there isn't a lot of room with some many pictures already. but there's more than one of just 'generic' lolcats without any specific point, so maybe one of those could be replaced with a breaded cat next to the breading cat section? but i wouldn't want to do that without some agreement, even if i did know how. carrievs (talk) 22:14, 5 may 2012 (utc) feel free to go for it either of you.
it's up to you but if it were me i'd remove "i want ur luv naw". there's already an example picture in the lead, two is clutter and the other better depicts "lolspeak". i don't think you really need agreement, it's uncontroversial. there's been discussion about placement of "in ur bed zleeping" before but since we're not dealing with that it doesn't matter. the picture needs to be "free". as there seem to none suitable on commons, how about uploading one? after a search i found this [2]. incidentally, you'd want the largest version. it's freely-licensed under cc‑by‑2.0 , which means it's fine to upload. as you've new accounts you can log into commons and it should automatically create an account for you. upload is probably straightforward. once it's there you only need to link it here. from a mos point of view you'd put it on the left, facing the text. something like [[file:nameyougaveimage.jpg|thumb|left|optionalcaption]] . --92.6.211.228 (talk) 13:49, 11 may 2012 (utc)
i've removed 'i want ur luv naw' and put the picture you suggested in. took me a couple of goes to get it placed: i'm not sure it's right how it is now but it's the best i can do. if anyone thinks they can get it in a better plosition please do. carrievs (talk) 21:45, 13 may 2012 (utc)
the pic is awesome carrievs, thx for adding it. the position is a bit funky, but i think it looks ok. i know what you mean. reginaldtq (talk) 19:01, 15 may 2012 (utc)
cheers. it was 92.6... who found the pic, not me: i just followed instructions. and please do move it if you know how to do it better. carrievs (talk) 19:31, 15 may 2012 (utc)
well done! i think you did a fantastic job. to do all the copyright template stuff correctly on your first ever commons edit is pretty impressive, carrie. i think it looks ok too. if you want to tweak the placement, i think there's a couple of options.
if you're adding the pic under the breading cat section header you can add {{clr}} at the end of that subsection to insert whitespace, or you can add the image under the offshoots and parodies header. to put it in a similar position to where it is now, you can put two of the other pics listed at the top inside a {{multiple image}} template like this:
{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| width = 200
| image1 = lolcat.jpg
| caption1 = a lolcat image using the "i'm in ur..." format
| image2 = i can haz fear lolcat rally to restore sanity.jpg
| caption2 = a sign parodying the lolcat site i can has cheezburger? at the rally to restore sanity and/or fear, washington dc (2010).
}}
then you can insert [[file:breaded cat.jpg|thumb|left|a 'breaded cat']] wherever you like, underneath the format header, etc. either way, it looks good – thank you for adding it. --92.6.195.203 (talk) 16:37, 11 june 2012 (utc)
cool! reginaldtq (talk) 21:13, 30 may 2013 (utc)
file:harry whittier frees \u2014 what's delaying my dinner.jpg [ edit ]
can someone fix this image link? i couldn't figure it out, k thx...! reginaldtq (talk) 06:38, 1 may 2012 (utc)
let's assume we are talking about the .jpg file (and not the .png file) one finds when searching wikimedia commons ( not wikipedia). it that is so, go here. if i am correct then the file appears there with the title: file: harry_whittier_frees_-_what's_delaying_my_dinner.jpg . when you find the image there on commons, you can find the appropriate link information. northcoastreader (talk) 22:52, 2 october 2012 (utc)
possible sources [ edit ]
i came across two press items today that might prove useful for expanding the article. it seems somebody wrote a masters dissertation on the cultural phenomenon.
the second in particular contains information on segmentation of lolcats consumers. --92.6.211.228 (talk) 15:28, 9 may 2012 (utc)
lolrus [ edit ]
lolrus redirects here and there is no mention of it on the entire page. surely something can be done to rectify this terrifying situation.72.184.235.243 (talk) 13:27, 21 may 2012 (utc)
haha rofl terrifying? sorry i disagree, respectfuly. reginaldtq (talk) 21:14, 30 may 2013 (utc)
is the original research banner still justified? [ edit ]
with 33 footnotes and additional references and external links, is the original research banner still justified? if so, how so? northcoastreader (talk) 22:29, 26 august 2012 (utc)
lolcat vs lolcat [ edit ]
in common usage, the capitalization for the referenced meme is at least and perhaps more often rendered as "lolcat" instead of "lolcat". the introductory sentence of the article should at least include both alternatives. — preceding unsigned comment added by 108.79.228.156 (talk) 22:39, 29 november 2012 (utc)
funny. reginaldtq (talk) 20:31, 11 june 2013 (utc)
no, this is not something i have seen. 75.185.176.214 (talk) 17:26, 9 july 2013 (utc)
i love how this article has the pronunciation key for 'lolcat', has anyone ever actually heard the word used, outside of the internet?
yes. often. [1]
yes, of course. this is a term many people use. are you proposing it be changed? reginaldtq (talk) 04:30, 18 september 2014 (utc)
references ^ i use it.
lolspeak v. lolcat? [ edit ]
in my experience, lolcats use lolspeak, but that doesn't mean they are lolspeak! that's like making a page on me, and since i speak english, redirecting english to me! what??? 75.185.176.214 (talk) 17:24, 9 july 2013 (utc)
dispute: longcat / tacgnol [ edit ]
on sep 14, wikiuser:otterathome deleted the section describing the particular lolcat sub-genre concerned with longcat. the reason stated was an "unreliable" reference, but without providing any adequate explanation of what makes this reference unreliable. neither did otterathome attempt to discuss his/her concerns on the talk page justifying the intended action prior to making the deletion. both the deletion and the reason for it are unacceptable, as the contribution is in keeping with the article page, and the reference provided is sufficiently robust to start with. my suggestion to otterathome is to go and find references he/she finds acceptable and build on what has been contributed, rather than attempting to thuggishly wipe out the perfectly reasonable work of another editor for such utterly petty reasons. this type of behaviour does not demonstrate good faith as expected of wikieditors, but rather represents an instance of wikibullying. please discuss the matter here prior to making any further section deletions. if a consensus of active wikieditors agrees with the complete deletion of the section, i will abide by the outcome, in the meantime, i have reverted the deletion. peter b. (talk) 22:55, 18 september 2014 (utc)
please stop adding unsourced content, as you did to lolcat. this contravenes wikipedia's policy on verifiability. if you continue to do so, you may be blocked from editing wikipedia. gain consensus at wp:rsn before using kymm anywhere, it's already been dismissed as a rs. wikipedia:reliable_sources/noticeboard/archive_152#know_your_meme_on_asmr, wikipedia:reliable_sources/noticeboard/archive_61#is_know_your_meme_a_reliable_source_on_viral_videos.3f, wikipedia:wikiproject_articles_for_creation/help_desk/archives/2014_august_14#22:26:47.2c_14_august_2014_review_of_submission_by_eventhorizon51 etc... otterathome (talk) 11:21, 20 september 2014 (utc)
hello fellow wikipedians,
i have just added archive links to one external link on lolcat. please take a moment to review my edit. if necessary, add {{cbignore}} after the link to keep me from modifying it. alternatively, you can add {{nobots|deny=internetarchivebot}} to keep me off the page altogether. i made the following changes:
added archive https://web.archive.org/20071117142809/http://media.www.dailypennsylvanian.com:80/media/storage/paper882/news/2007/11/14/news/iz.not.cats.everywhere.online.trend.spreads.across.campus-3099929.shtml to http://media.www.dailypennsylvanian.com/media/storage/paper882/news/2007/11/14/news/iz.not.cats.everywhere.online.trend.spreads.across.campus-3099929.shtml
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cheers.—cyberbot ii talk to my owner:online 19:03, 22 february 2016 (utc)
hello fellow wikipedians,
i have just modified one external link on lolcat. please take a moment to review my edit. if you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple faq for additional information. i made the following changes:
added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070928004547/http://www.gazette.com/articles/cat_25284___article.html/sites_web.html to http://www.gazette.com/articles/cat_25284___article.html/sites_web.html
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as of february 2018, "external links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by internetarchivebot. no special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. editors have permission to delete the "external links modified" sections if they want, but see the rfc before doing mass systematic removals. this message is updated dynamically through the template {{sourcecheck}} (last update: 15 july 2018) .
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wən əv ðə ˈfeɪvərɪt ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈmɪstəriz həz bɪn sɑlvd: haʊ ˈmɛni stækt əˈtɑp wən əˈnəðər wʊd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ɪˈnəf fɔrs tɪ krəʃ ðə wən æt ðə ˈbɑtəm? ˈænsər: ˈmɛni, ˈmɛni. ə ˈrisərʧ tim ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˌbibiˈsi həz dɪˈtərmənd ɪt wʊd teɪk ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈlɛgoʊ brɪks tɪ krəʃ ðə ənˈləki wən ɔn ðə ˈbɑtəm. ðət wʊd min ə ˈlɛgoʊ taʊər maɪəlz ˈnɪrli fit haɪər ðən maʊnt oʊˈlɪmpəs. ðə ˈrisərʧərz juzd ə haɪˈdrɔlɪk ˈtɛstɪŋ məˈʃin tɪ ˈsɪmjəˌleɪt ðə ˈprɛʃər ðə ˈlɛgoʊ taʊər wʊd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt. ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈsætɪsˌfaɪɪŋ ɪkˈsploʊʒən wɪn ðə ˈprɛʃər bɪˈkeɪm tu greɪt, ðə ˈbɑtəm ˈlɛgoʊ ˈsɪmpli ðə ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ biɪŋ plastic.”*.” tɪ ðə ɪˈtərnəl ˈhɑrtˌbreɪk əv ˈlɛgoʊ ˈɛvriˌwɛr, ðə tim sɛd ɪt wʊd bi ˈstrəkʧərəli impossible”*” tɪ ˈrɛkriˌeɪt ðə ˈkrəʃɪŋ taʊər ɪn ril laɪf.
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one of the internet’s favorite scientific mysteries has been solved: how many legos stacked atop one another would generate enough force to crush the one at the bottom?
answer: many, many legos. a research team working with the bbc has determined it would take 375,000 individual lego bricks to crush the unlucky one on the bottom. that would mean a lego tower 2.2 miles tall—or nearly 2,000 feet higher than mount olympus.
the researchers used a hydraulic testing machine to simulate the pressure the lego tower would generate. rather than a satisfying explosion when the pressure became too great, the bottom lego simply melted—an anticlimax the engineers attributed to “plastic being plastic.”
to the eternal heartbreak of lego fanboys everywhere, the team said it would be “totally structurally impossible” to recreate the crushing tower in real life.
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əˈtɛnʃən! ðɪs nuz wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɔn ðə oʊld ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ðɛr meɪ bi səm ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ nuz dɪˈspleɪ ɪn spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈbraʊzər ˈvərʒənz. taɪp 3 ˈkraʊʧɪŋ ˈtaɪgər ˈæftər ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ˌʤæpəˈniz graʊnd ˈfɔrsɪz wɪθ ðə ˈrisənt riˈlis əv ðə ˈəpˌdeɪt, pleɪərz wɪl ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈnoʊtɪs ðɪs tæŋk ɛz ðə səkˈsɛsər. ðə wɑz əˈtɛmpt tɪ mæs ˈproʊdus ə tæŋk wɪθ ðə ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti tɪ wɪθˈstænd ðə ˈɪmənənt ərˈaɪvəl əv ən əˈmɛrɪkənz θru ðə ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈhoʊmˌlænd. ɪn 1942 ʤəˈpæn hæd ˈbeɪgən dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv nu tæŋks tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ ˈɔntu ðə ˈbætəlˌfild. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðiz nu tæŋks wʊd teɪk kənˈsɪdərəbəl taɪm tɪ ˈproʊdus, ənd ʤəˈpæn ˈnidɪd ə kˈwɪkər səˈluʃən. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðə wʊd ˌəndərˈgoʊ ˈmɛni dɪˈzaɪn ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ɔl əv ðiz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz hæd ðə ˈsɪŋgəl goʊl əv ˈmaʊntɪŋ ðə taɪp 5 ˈkænən ɔn ə ˈʧæsi ðət wɑz ˈizəli ənd wɪʧ wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈlɪtəl ər noʊ ʧeɪnʤ əv ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ pərˈdəkʃən ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti. ðə taɪp 3 wɑz dɪˈzaɪnd wɪθ ə taɪp 3 tæŋk ˈkænən, dəraɪvd frəm ðə ˈdeɪtɪd taɪp 90 fild ɑrˈtɪləri. waɪl ɪt pruvd səˈfɪʃənt əˈgɛnst ˈtɑrgəts səʧ ɛz ðə ˈɛmˈfɔr ˈʃərmən, ɪt wɑz ˈbɛrli əkˈsɛptəbəl ənd ˈnidɪd tɪ bi ˌriˈpleɪst. æt ðə taɪm, tæŋks səʧ ɛz ðə ənd, boʊθ əv wɪʧ pleɪərz hæv rɪˈsivd ə teɪst əv, wər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ juz ə nu, lɔŋ gən: ðə taɪp 5 ʤəˈpæn ˌɪnˈstɔld ə ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪp tərət frəm ðə ˈɔntu ðə ˈʧæsi əv ðə fər ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈpərpəsɪz, ˈleɪbəlɪŋ ɪt ðə kaɪ, wɪθ ðə tæŋk pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ə ˈsɪriz əv tæsks æt ðə leɪk ˈʃutɪŋ graʊnz ɪn ʤəˈpæn. ðə ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪp pruvd səkˈsɛsfəl ɪn ðiz traɪəlz ənd wɑz ækˈsɛptɪd fər juz. ðə tərət wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ fər ðə taɪp 5 gən, ənd ðɪs ˈvɛriənt wʊd bɪˈkəm ðə. ˈoʊnli ə fju ˈjunɪts wɪθ ðə gən hæd bɪn prəˈdust baɪ ðə taɪm ðə wɔr ˈɛndɪd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, nən sɔ ˈsərvɪs. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈwɔlˌpeɪpər: ɪn wɔr ˈθəndər, pleɪərz wɪl bi ˈvɛri fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ðə ˈæftər ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ðə ɪn ðə ˈrisərʧ tri. ðə ˈɑrmər ɪz θɪn, steɪɪŋ ðə seɪm ɛz ðə, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ənˈlaɪk ðə ˈstændərd tæŋk, ðɪs ˈprimiəm ɪz ˈgɪvɪn ðə taɪp 5 tæŋk gən. ðɪs gən ɪz ɪkˈsidɪŋli ˈdɛdli ɪn ðə fild, kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈkəstəm əv ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈɑrmər ˈpɪrsɪŋ ʃɛlz ə lɑrʤ ɪkˈsploʊsɪv ˈfɪlər. ðɪs kən gɪv ˈɛni ˌənsəˈspɛktɪŋ ˈtərgət ə ˈnæsti səˈpraɪz wɪθ ɪts greɪt ɪkˈsploʊsɪv ˈifɛkt. ðə ˈstrætəʤi fər ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs ˈdɛdli tæŋk ɪn ˈkɑmbæt ɪz tɪ bi ˈstɛlθi. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ juz ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ˈhævɪŋ səʧ ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈkænən ju ʃʊd səˈpɔrt ˈtimˌmeɪts frəm ðə rɪr baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈækjərəsi ənd ˈdɛdli haɪ ɪkˈsploʊsɪv ʃɛlz tɪ ðə bɛst əˈbɪləˌti. ðə tæŋk həz ˈfɛrli ˈdisənt moʊˈbɪlɪti, wɪʧ wɪl əˈlaʊ pleɪərz tɪ pərˈfɔrm ˈflæŋkɪŋ məˈnuvərz ɪn ˈkɑmbæt. ən ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl tərət trəˈvərsɪŋ gɪr, əˈdæptɪd frəm ðə, ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊz fər ˈræpɪd ˈtɑrgətɪŋ. pleɪərz wɪl faɪnd ðɪs ˈfiʧər ˈhɛlpfəl ɛz ˈmɛni loʊ tir tæŋks hæv sloʊ, ˈmænjuəli ˈtrævərst tərəts. ðə taɪp 3 wɪl bi ən ˈɛksələnt əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈprimiəm ˈlaɪˌnəp ɪn ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz graʊnd ˈfɔrsɪz tri. ɪt wɪl bi əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈpərʧəs wɪθ ˈgoʊldən ˈigəlz wɪn ræŋk 3 əv ˌʤæpəˈniz graʊnd ˈfɔrsɪz ɪz ənˈlɑkt fər ˈɛvriˌwən. ˈpriviəs dɪˈvɛləpmənt blɔgz:
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type 3 chi-nu ii - crouching tiger
after experiencing japanese ground forces with the recent release of the 1.65 update, players will immediately notice this tank as the chi-nu’s successor. the chi-nu ii was japan’s attempt to mass produce a tank with the capability to withstand the imminent arrival of an americans through the invasion of the japanese homeland.
in 1942, japan had begun development of new tanks to deploy onto the battlefield. however, these new tanks would take considerable time to produce, and japan needed a quicker solution. as a result, the chi-nu would undergo many design changes. all of these changes had the single goal of mounting the type 5 75mm cannon on a chassis that was easily mass-produced and which would require little or no change of existing production capability.
the type 3 chi-nu was designed with a type 3 75mm tank cannon, derived from the dated type 90 field artillery. while it proved sufficient against armoured targets such as the m4 sherman, it was barely acceptable and needed to be replaced. at the time, tanks such as the chi-to and chi-ri ii, both of which players have received a taste of, were designed to use a new, long barrelled 75mm gun: the type 5. japan installed a prototype turret from the chi-to onto the chassis of the chi-nu for testing purposes, labeling it the chi-nu kai, with the tank performing a series of tasks at the iyo lake shooting grounds in japan. the prototype proved successful in these trials and was accepted for use. the chi-nu turret was also re-designed for the type 5 75mm gun, and this variant would become the chi-nu ii. only a few units with the gun had been produced by the time the war ended, however, none saw service.
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in war thunder, players will be very familiar with the chi-nu ii after experiencing the chi-nu in the research tree. the armour is thin, staying the same as the chi-nu, however, unlike the standard tank, this premium is given the type 5 75mm tank gun. this gun is exceedingly deadly in the field, continuing the japanese custom of giving armour piercing shells a large explosive filler. this can give any unsuspecting target a nasty surprise with its great post-penetration explosive effect.
the strategy for using this deadly tank in combat is to be stealthy. in order to use the benefit of having such a powerful cannon you should support teammates from the rear by using the gun’s accuracy and deadly armour-piercing high explosive shells to the best ability. the tank has fairly decent mobility, which will allow players to perform flanking maneuvers in combat. an electrical turret traversing gear, adapted from the chi-nu, also allows for rapid targeting. players will find this feature helpful as many low tier tanks have slow, manually traversed turrets.
the type 3 chi-nu ii will be an excellent addition to the premium line-up in the japanese ground forces tree. it will be available for purchase with golden eagles when rank 3 of japanese ground forces is unlocked for everyone.
previous development blogs:
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nu ˈziləndərz ər nɑt æt rɪsk əv bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈtɛnənts ɪn ðɛr oʊn lænd, ðə ˈgəvərnmənts ˈmɪnɪstər fər lænd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən sɛd ˈsənˌdi. ˈspikɪŋ tɪ ˈʤɛsɪkə məʧ ɔn ˈproʊˌgræm, mɑrk ˈmɪʧəl (hu ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ stəˈtɪstɪks ˈmɪnɪstər), dɪˈfɛndɪd nu ˈziləndz ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt rəˈʒim. wən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ rɪˈmɑrk rɪˈgɑrdɪd lænd seɪlz tɪ ˈfɔrənərz ðət wər nɑt ˈkæpʧərd ˈəndər ðə ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈɔfəsɪz ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən. ˈmɪʧəl səˈʤɛstɪd wərk wɑz biɪŋ dən ɪn ðət ˈɛriə: ˈʤɛsɪkə ɪz ɪt roʊˈbəst, ðoʊ, ˈmɪnɪstər? bɪˈkəz wi kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪ haʊ məʧ əv nu ˈzilənd lænd ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli foreign-owned*. ðə lʊks æt ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ənd ˈspɛʃəl lænd, bət ə pis əv lænd oʊnd baɪ ə ʧaɪˈniz baɪər ər ə ˈrəʃən baɪər ðət maɪt bi kwaɪt ˈbjutəfəl bət mit ðət ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ˈstætəs, nɑt ˈkæpʧərd ɪn ðoʊz ˈfɪgjərz. mɑrk aɪ θɪŋk ðət stəˈtɪstɪks nu ˈzilənd ˈæˌkʧuəli ɪz dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈprɑsɛsəz ðət əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈkæpʧər ə lɔt mɔr əv ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ˈəðər ˈkɑmɛnts meɪd baɪ ˈmɪʧəl ˌɪnˈkludɪd: "ðə nɛt lænd ˈæˌkʧuəli gɔn ˈɪntu ˈfɔrən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ɪz ðə seɪm, ənd bɪn kənˈsɪstənt ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈdɛkeɪd" ə dɪˈfɛns əv ðə əˈpruvəl əv ðə seɪl əv ˈhəntər ˈvæli ˈsteɪʃən tɪ ən əˈmɛrɪkən baɪər, seɪɪŋ ðə ˈoʊnərz hæd bɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ sɛl ðə ˈprɑpərti tɪ ˈloʊkəlz fər faɪv jɪrz wɪˈθaʊt məʧ lək ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɪntəˌrɛst "ˈæˌkʧuəli, səm ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈɪntu ðə ˈkəntri ɪz ˈrɪli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt bɪˈkəz, ɛz ˈkiwiz, wi laɪk tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ənd ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn ˈəðər pɑrts əv ðə wərld ɛz wɛl, ənd ən ˈoʊpən ɪˈkɑnəmi" ˈrɪli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊt ðət wɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈɔfˈʃɔr ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ənd ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈkæpɪtəl, wɪʧ ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈrɪli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli, tɪ ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi, ɪz ðət wi hæv gɑt ə ˈvɛri ɪkˈstrimli roʊˈbəst ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət ðeɪ hæv tɪ goʊ θru ˌbiˈfɔr ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli gɪts saɪnd ɔf. ənd ˌbiˈfɔr saɪnd ɔf, gɑt tɪ bi ˈklɪrli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪəbəl ˈbɛnəfɪts ðət goʊ ɪn ɛz pɑrt əv ðə kənˈdɪʃənz ˌbiˈfɔr ðət ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈhæpənz ənd goʊz ˈfɔrwərd." ðət ðə kʊd dɪˈmænd ən ˈæˌsɛt bi daɪˈvɛstɪd ɪf ə ˈfɔrən baɪər dɪz nɑt kip tɪ kənˈdɪʃənz ˌɪmˈpoʊzd æt taɪm əv ˈpərʧəs ˈmɪʧəlz ˈɪntərvˌju wɑz ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə ˈpænəl dɪˈskəʃən ɔn ˈfɔrən lænd ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ɪn nu ˈzilənd. rɛd ðə ˈtrænˌskrɪpt əv ðə hoʊl ˈɪntərvˌju bɪˈloʊ, ɛz sɛnt aʊt baɪ: mɑrk wɛl ðə ˈpərpəs əv ðə ˈɔfəs ɪz tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət ˈɛvəri ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪn nu bɛst ˈɪntərɪsts. ənd aɪ θɪŋk ðət soʊ ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈhəntər ˈvæli, ʤɪst ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv ˈkɑntɛkst əraʊnd ðət, ˈʤɛsɪkə, wɑz ðət ðə seɪm ˈfæməli həz bɪn ˈfeɪθfəli ˈfɑrmɪŋ ˈhəntər ˈvæli fər ˈdɛkeɪdz. ˈoʊldər naʊ; ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ ˌriˈtaɪər. hæd ðə ˈsteɪʃən ɔn ɑr ˈloʊkəl ˈmɑrkɪt naʊ fər faɪv jɪrz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə ˈloʊkəl ər ˈkiwi baɪər. ðeɪ hæd məʧ lək. ənd, əv kɔrs, hæd ˈvɛri strɔŋ ˈɪntəˌrɛst frəm ən ˈɔfˈʃɔr baɪər ˈɑbviəsli gɑt ə ril ˈpæʃən fər ðə ˈɛriə. ɪn tərmz əv ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈækˌsɛs, ˈæˌkʧuəli, ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈækˌsɛs ðət greɪt. ɪt ɪz ən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl fɑrm, ənd əv kɔrs, wɪn ən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl fɑrm, gɑt tɪ bi ˈkɛrfəl əraʊnd ˈmuvɪŋ əˈkrɔs, əˈspɛʃəli wɪθ ˈoʊpən ˈækˌsɛs. bət ˈəndər ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən, ˈæˌkʧuəli wi hæv ˌɪnˈkrist ˈpəblɪk ˈækˌsɛs. ˈʤɛsɪkə bət ɪn ðɪs spɪˈsɪfɪk keɪs, ðoʊ, ðeɪ ɔˈrɛdi nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈkaʊnsəl tɪ traɪ ənd gɪt ˈækˌsɛs θru tɪ ðət dɑk ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˈɛriə ənd θru tɪ ðə leɪk əv ðɪs ˈvɛri ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ˈprɑpərti. ðeɪ naʊ, ənd ðoʊz ˈloʊkəlz ðɛr fil ɛz ðoʊ ˈmɪsɪŋ aʊt bɪˈkəz əv ðɪs əˈmɛrɪkən baɪər. mɑrk ðoʊz ər tu ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈɪʃuz ɪz ðət ˈpipəl kən ˈæˌkʧuəli əˈplaɪ tɪ ðə ˈkaʊnsəl tɪ gɪt ˈækˌsɛs ər ˈivɪn θru ðə kəˈmɪʃənər fər kraʊn lændz. bət wət ðə həz dən ɪz meɪd ʃʊr, θru ðɛr ˈprɔˌsɛs, wɪʧ ɪz kwaɪt ˈsɛpərˌeɪt, ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈpəblɪk ˈækˌsɛs ɪz prɪˈzərvd ənd ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli biɪŋ ˈstrɛŋθənd. ˈʤɛsɪkə pɑrt əv ðə ækt, əv kɔrs, ɛz ju noʊ ðət ju hæv tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðət. bət ɪn ðɪs keɪs, wɑz du kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ˈgɪvɪn? bɪˈkəz ə lɔt əv ðə ˈloʊkəlz fil ɛz ðoʊ ðɪs həz bɪn dən baɪ stɛlθ, ənd ˈmɪsɪŋ aʊt ɔn goʊɪŋ fər ə wɔk ɪn ˈsəmˌwɛr ðət wɔkt ɪn fər ˈdɛkeɪdz. mɑrk noʊ, aɪ kən əˈʃʊr ju ðət nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ mɪs aʊt ɔn goʊɪŋ fər ə wɔk. ɪn fækt, ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈækˌsɛs həz bɪn ˌɪnˈkrist ɛz pɑrt əv ðət ˈprɔˌsɛs. ənd, əv kɔrs, ðə ˈɔfəs ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈfoʊkɪst ðɛr ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈfoʊkɪs ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr ðət ðɛr ər ˈtænʤəbəl ˈbɛnəfɪts əˈbəv ənd bɪɔnd wət wʊd hæv ˈəðərˌwaɪz bɪn ə ˈloʊkəl seɪl. ˈʤɛsɪkə bət ʤɪst nɑt ˈwɔkɪŋ ˈækˌsɛs, ɪn ðɪs keɪs. mɑrk noʊ, ˈwɔkɪŋ ˈækˌsɛs həz bɪn ˌɪnˈkrist tu. ˈʤɛsɪkə bət ə goʊt træk, ðoʊ; ju hæv tɪ bi ə ˈvɛri ɪkˈspɪriənst ər ˈklaɪmər. bɪn toʊld ðət ɪf ʤɪst ə ˈrɛgjələr ˈwɔkər laɪk ju ər aɪ, ju wʊd ˈstrəgəl tɪ gɪt əˈkrɔs ðɛr. mɑrk bɪn toʊld ðət aɪ kʊd gɪt əˈkrɔs ðɛr. ˈʤɛsɪkə ˈmeɪbi ʤɪst mi, ðɛn. mɑrk soʊ noʊ, ðə ˈækˌsɛs ɪz ˈvɛri gʊd. gɑt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə kæmp ðɛr. gɑt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ən əˈdɪʃənəl hət ɔn ðə ˈsteɪʃən. ˈdɛfənətli bɪn ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn tərmz əv ˈpəblɪk ˈækˌsɛs. ənd səm əv ðiz ˈwɔkɪŋ grups ˈæˌkʧuəli hæv gɑt ˈəðər ˈɔpʃənz ˈoʊpən tɪ ðɛm tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ lʊk æt ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðət ˈækˌsɛs, ɛz wɛl. ˈʤɛsɪkə ˈbɪgər ˈpɪkʧər, ðoʊ ər ju kənˈsərnd ðət ðɪs ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ mɔr ˈfrikwɛntli? ˈhævɪŋ ə bɪg əv nu ˈzilənd lænd, ənd ə lɔt əv nu ˈziləndərz ər ˈrɪli kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ɪt. kən ju si ðɛr pɔɪnt? mɑrk noʊ, aɪ əkˈsɛpt ðət ə bɪg əv nu ˈzilənd lænd æt ɔl. aɪ think—*— ˈʤɛsɪkə ðɛr wər 466 ˈhɛkˌtɑrz gɑt ðoʊz ˈnəmbərz frəm ðə ənd ðət wɑz faɪv taɪmz mɔr ðən 2015 soʊ 466 ˈhɛkˌtɑrz ɪn 2016 ˈrəðər. mɑrk ðə weɪ ðət ˈkæpʧərd ɪz ˈtɛknɪkəl, bət wət aɪ kən əˈʃʊr ju əv ɪz ðət ɪn tərmz əv ðə nɛt seɪlz, ˈprɪti kənˈsɪstənt ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈdɛkeɪd. ənd ˈvɛri ˈkɑnʃəs əv ðət. wi lʊk ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈkloʊsli æt ðət. ənd ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz ɪkˈstrimli roʊˈbəst ɪn tərmz əv-- ˈʤɛsɪkə ðiz ər ˈfɪgjərz, ðoʊ, ˈmɪnɪstər, ɪn ˈfɛrnəs, frəm ðə ənd ʃoʊ ðət ˈnɪrli faɪv taɪmz mɔr ɪn 2016 ðən ɪt wɑz ɪn 2015 mɑrk aɪ θɪŋk, ˈʤɛsɪkə, ðə weɪ ðət bɪn ˌɪnˈtərprətəd. səm əv ðoʊz ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ðət goʊ θru ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlv lænd ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈkiwiz. ˈʤɛsɪkə bət ˈfɔrənərz ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈfɪŋgər ɪn ɔl ðiz ˈdɪfərənt paɪz. mɑrk ðə ˈækʧəwəl soʊ ðə nɛt lænd ˈæˌkʧuəli gɔn ˈɪntu ˈfɔrən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ɪz ðə seɪm, ənd bɪn kənˈsɪstənt ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈdɛkeɪd. ˈʤɛsɪkə nu ˈzilənd fərst wɔnts ə ˈrɛʤɪstər. waɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt du ðət? mɑrk nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt nu ˈzilənd fərst ˈpɑləsi. ʤɪst seɪ-- ˈʤɛsɪkə waɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt du ə ˈrɛʤɪstər, ðɛn? mɑrk soʊ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, ɪn tərmz frəm maɪ ˈɔfəs ɪn ðə, wi ər ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈkɛrfəli, ənd wi hæv gɑt ə ˈvɛri roʊˈbəst ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət ɪz ˈfoʊkɪst ˈsoʊəli ɔn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr ðət ˈɛni ˈfɔrən investment—actually*, səm ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈɪntu ðə ˈkəntri ɪz ˈrɪli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt bɪˈkəz, ɛz ˈkiwiz, wi laɪk tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ənd ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn ˈəðər pɑrts əv ðə wərld ɛz wɛl, ənd ən ˈoʊpən ɪˈkɑnəmi, ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ɛz biɪŋ ə ˈvɛri strɔŋ ˈoʊpən ɪˈkɑnəmi, soʊ gʊd ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪz gʊd. ˈʤɛsɪkə ɪz ɪt roʊˈbəst, ðoʊ, ˈmɪnɪstər? bɪˈkəz wi kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪ haʊ məʧ əv nu ˈzilənd lænd ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli foreign-owned*. ðə lʊks æt ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ənd ˈspɛʃəl lænd, bət ə pis əv lænd oʊnd baɪ ə ʧaɪˈniz baɪər ər ə ˈrəʃən baɪər ðət maɪt bi kwaɪt ˈbjutəfəl bət mit ðət ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ˈstætəs, nɑt ˈkæpʧərd ɪn ðoʊz ˈfɪgjərz. mɑrk aɪ θɪŋk ðət stəˈtɪstɪks nu ˈzilənd ˈæˌkʧuəli ɪz dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈprɑsɛsəz ðət əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈkæpʧər ə lɔt mɔr əv ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ˈʤɛsɪkə bət nɑt roʊˈbəst naʊ, ɪz ɪt? mɑrk ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈbɛtər ənd ˈbɛtər. ənd ɪn tərmz əv ðə, wi ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈmɑnətər ənd wɔʧ ˈvɛri ˈkɛrfəli, ɪn tərmz əv ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ðət ər ˈkəmɪŋ θru ðə ˈɔfəs. ˈʤɛsɪkə bət kən nu ˈziləndərz faɪnd aʊt ɪgˈzæktli haʊ məʧ nu ˈzilənd lænd ɪz oʊnd baɪ ə ˈfɔrən baɪər? mɑrk wɛl aɪ noʊ ˈsərtənli, θru ðə, ʤɪst kˈwoʊtɪd səm ˈfɪgjərz ənd ˈnəmbərz ðɛr, soʊ wi kən ˈklɪrli ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ənd ʃoʊ wət ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ. ˈʤɛsɪkə soʊ jɛs, ju kən tɛl ˈjuˈɛs ɪgˈzæktli haʊ məʧ lænd? mɑrk ˈsərtənli frəm ðə pərˈspɛktɪv, ənd ðə pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ ðət riˈspɑnsəbəl fər, soʊ ðə ˈænsər ɪz jɛs. bət aɪ θɪŋk ðət ˈrɪli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊt ðət wɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈɔfˈʃɔr ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ənd ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈkæpɪtəl, wɪʧ ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈrɪli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli, tɪ ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi, ɪz ðət wi hæv gɑt ə ˈvɛri ɪkˈstrimli roʊˈbəst ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət ðeɪ hæv tɪ goʊ θru ˌbiˈfɔr ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli gɪts saɪnd ɔf. ənd ˌbiˈfɔr saɪnd ɔf, gɑt tɪ bi ˈklɪrli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪəbəl ˈbɛnəfɪts ðət goʊ ɪn ɛz pɑrt əv ðə kənˈdɪʃənz ˌbiˈfɔr ðət ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈhæpənz ənd goʊz ˈfɔrwərd. ˈʤɛsɪkə tɔk əˈbaʊt ðət ˈprɔˌsɛs, ðɛn, bɪˈkəz əˈnəðər kənˈsərn ðət keɪm əp wɪθ ˈpipəl ðət wi spoʊk tɪ ɪz ðeɪ fil laɪk ðeɪ hæv ə seɪ ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs; ðeɪ noʊ wɪn ə trænˈzækʃən ɪz ˈɪmənənt, wɪn ə ˈfɔrən baɪər ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn, ənd fil laɪk ðeɪ hæv ə ʧæns tɪ seɪ, ‘‘hey*, ðɪs ɪz haʊ goʊɪŋ tɪ əˈfɛkt us.’*.’ wət du ju seɪ tɪ ðət? mɑrk aɪ θɪŋk, ɪn tərmz wi teɪk ˈhəntər ˈvæli ˈsteɪʃən, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðət wɑz ɔn ðə ˈoʊpən ˈmɑrkɪt fər faɪv jɪrz, soʊ ˈpipəl wər əˈwɛr ðət ðə ˈoʊnərz wər traɪɪŋ tɪ sɛl ɪt. ˈæˌkʧuəli ə ˈlisˌhoʊld ˈsteɪʃən, soʊ traɪɪŋ tɪ sɛl ðə ˈlisˌhoʊld. ənd ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈəndər ðə, ðɛr ɪz ə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛni trænˈzækʃən goʊz θru ɪn tərmz əv ˈfɔrən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ðət ɪt ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli gɔn aʊt ənd ˌædvərˈtaɪzd ɪn ðə ˈoʊpən ˈmɑrkɪt soʊ ˈpipəl ər əˈwɛr əv ɪt. ˈʤɛsɪkə bət ˈpipəl laɪk fɪʃ geɪm seɪ ʤɪst nɑt biɪŋ kənˈsəltɪd. mɑrk wɛl ðeɪ, ˈpipəl ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ wɪθ ðə ɪf ðeɪ hæv gɑt ə vju ər gɑt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ ʃɛr əraʊnd ðə trænˈzækʃən. ˈʤɛsɪkə ɪn tərmz əv ðə dil, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðət ˈpipəl maɪt ˈprɑməs ðət ðeɪ wɪl klin əp ə ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˈɛriə ər bɪld ə ˈwɔkˌweɪ, ənd pɑrt əv ðə seɪl əˈgrimənt, du ju ʧɛk əp ɔn ˈwɛðər ðeɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli du ɪt? ənd haʊ fɑr du ju teɪk ɪt? du ju ˈæˌkʧuəli seɪ tɪ ðɛm, ‘‘look*, ɪf ju mɛt ðɪs rɪkˈwaɪrmənt baɪ ðɪs time…’*…’? haʊ dɪz ðət wərk? mɑrk soʊ pɑrt əv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs, ðɛr ər ə sɛt əv kənˈdɪʃənz ðət hæv tɪ bi mɛt, ənd ðə wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈmɑnətər ðoʊz. ˈʤɛsɪkə du ju ˈfɑloʊ əp, ðoʊ? ənd wət ˈhæpənz? kʊd ju rɪˈvərs ðə seɪl? mɑrk jɛs. ˌæbsəˈlutli ɪt kʊd rɪˈvərs. ðɛr kʊd bi ə dɪˈspoʊzəl əv ðə ˈæˌsɛt. ðət wʊd bi ðə ˈfaɪnəl stɛp. ˌbiˈfɔr ðət, ə hoʊl reɪnʤ əv ˈɔpʃənz, ˈstɑrtɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈrɪtən ˈwɔrnɪŋ θru tɪ faɪnz ənd ðɛn, ˈpɑsəbli, ðə dɪˈspoʊzəl əv ðə ˈæˌsɛt. ˈʤɛsɪkə du ju ˌrikˈwaɪər ðə ˈpəblɪk tɪ ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪ ju əˈbaʊt ðət, ər du ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə goʊ aʊt ənd ˈmɑnətər ənd ʧɛk? mɑrk noʊ, ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən. ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈsərtənli kən ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪ ˈjuˈɛs, ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˌɪnˈvɛstər ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪ ˈjuˈɛs ɪf ðeɪ fil laɪk ðeɪ mit wən əv ðə kənˈdɪʃənz əˈtæʧt tɪ ðə əˈpruvəl, ənd, əv kɔrs, wi ˈɔlsoʊ goʊ aʊt ənd ɛnˈfɔrs ɑrˈsɛlvz. ˈʤɛsɪkə haʊ ˈmɛni ˈbriʧɪz hæv ðɛr bɪn, ˈmɪnɪstər? mɑrk ðɛr hæv bɪn ˈsɛvərəl ˈbriʧɪz ðət wi hæv ˈteɪkən ˈækʃən ɔn. ˈʤɛsɪkə kən ju gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ə ˈbɔlˌpɑrk ˈfɪgjər? mɑrk aɪ gɪv ju ə ˈbɔlˌpɑrk ˈfɪgjər. ɔl aɪ kən seɪ ɪz ðət ðɛr hæv bɪn ˈbriʧɪz ənd wi hæv ˈæktɪd ɔn ðɛm. ˈʤɛsɪkə ɪn tərmz əv ðɪs hoʊl ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, ðə ˈloʊkəlz ənd səm nu ˈziləndərz ɪn ðiz ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz du fil ˈnərvəs. ðeɪ du fil laɪk ðɪs ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ðɛm noʊɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪt. ɪz ɪt taɪm fər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ sɪt bæk, teɪk ə brɛθ, pərˈhæps hæv ə ˈrɛʤɪstər, hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ wɛr ðə ˈpəblɪk fil ɛz ðoʊ mɔr trænˈspɛrənt? du ju fil laɪk ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ʃʊd bi duɪŋ ðət? mɑrk aɪ θɪŋk ðət wi ʃʊd bi ˈlɪsənɪŋ ɔl ðə taɪm ɪn tərmz əv ɪf ə weɪ tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ə ˈprɔˌsɛs. ənd ˈæˌkʧuəli, mi ɛz ˈmɪnɪstər, ˈwɛlkəm ðət sɔrt əv ˈɪnˌpʊt, ənd hæd ˈmitɪŋz laɪk ðət sɪns ˈteɪkən ˈoʊvər ðə pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ. naʊ ˈkiwiz, ənd wi ləv ˈoʊnɪŋ ˈprɑpərti, ənd wi hæv ə kin ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈprɑpərti, soʊ ˈoʊnli ˈnæʧərəl ðət wi hæv ə ril ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn haʊ ˈæˌkʧuəli managing—*— ˈʤɛsɪkə du wi rɪsk, ðoʊ, bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈtɛnənts ɪn ɑr oʊn ˈkəntri ɪf wi kənˈtɪnju tɪ lɛt ðɪs ˈhæpən? mɑrk noʊ, aɪ θɪŋk wi du. aɪ θɪŋk ðət ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv lænd ðət goʊz ˈɪntu ˈfɔrən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ənd əˈtrækts ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈvɛri smɔl, ɪn tərmz əv ju noʊ ðə pərˈdəktɪv lænd ðət wi hæv ɪn nu ˈzilənd, soʊ aɪ fil laɪk ˈɛni rɪsk əv ðət æt ɔl. ənd ðə fækt ðət ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ɪt ənd ˈwɑʧɪŋ ɪt ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈkloʊsli ˈɔlsoʊ ˌriɪnˈfɔrsɪz ðət. ˈʤɛsɪkə dɪz ɪt ˈmætər tɪ ju hu oʊnz ðə lænd? mɑrk əm, ɪt ˈmætərz tɪ mi ɪn ðə sɛns ðət ɪf goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv səm ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt, wi ʃʊd ˈwɛlkəm ðət. wi ər ən ˈoʊpən ɪˈkɑnəmi. ʤɪst bɪn əp tɪ ˈɪndiə wɪθ ə ˈbɪznɪs ˌdɛləˈgeɪʃən wɛr gɑt ˈkiwiz ðət ər duɪŋ ˈvɛri gʊd ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts əp there—*— ˈʤɛsɪkə bət dɪz ɪt ˈmætər tɪ ju hu oʊnz ɑr lænd? mɑrk ɪt ˈmætərz tɪ mi ðət huˈɛvər ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ kəm ənd wɔnt tɪ oʊn ə pis əv nu ˈzilənd ɪz ðət ˈpæʃənət əˈbaʊt nu ˈzilənd, ɪz ðət ðeɪ hæv ə ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈjuˈɛs ənd wɔnt tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn ˈjuˈɛs, ənd ðət ðeɪ ər ˈæˌkʧuəli goʊɪŋ tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ril ˈbɛnəfɪts tɪ ˈjuˈɛs. ənd wət ˈmætərz.
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new zealanders are not at risk of becoming tenants in their own land, the government's minister for land information said sunday.
speaking to jessica mutch on tvnz's q&a programme, mark mitchell (who is also statistics minister), defended new zealand's overseas investment regime.
one interesting remark regarded land sales to foreigners that were not captured under the overseas investment office's legislation. mitchell suggested work was being done in that area:
jessica is it robust, though, minister? because we can’t quantify how much of new zealand land is actually foreign-owned. the oio looks at iconic and special land, but a piece of land that’s owned by a chinese buyer or a russian buyer that might be quite beautiful but doesn’t meet that iconic status, that’s not captured in those figures. mark i think that statistics new zealand actually is developing processes that allows us to capture a lot more of that information.
other comments made by mitchell included:
"the net land that’s actually gone into foreign ownership is the same, and it’s been consistent over the last decade"
a defense of the oio's approval of the sale of hunter valley station to an american buyer, saying the owners had been trying to sell the property to locals for five years without much luck before the international interest
"actually, some foreign investment into the country is really important because, as kiwis, we like to engage and invest in other parts of the world as well, and we’re an open economy"
"it’s really important to note that when we’re talking about offshore investment and overseas capital, which is actually really important, fundamentally, to our economy, is that we have got a very extremely robust process that they have to go through before that actually gets signed off. and before it’s signed off, there’s got to be clearly identifiable benefits that go in as part of the conditions before that investment happens and goes forward."
that the oio could demand an asset be divested if a foreign buyer does not keep to conditions imposed at time of purchase
mitchell's interview was followed by a panel discussion on foreign land ownership in new zealand.
read the transcript of the whole interview below, as sent out by q&a:
mark well the purpose of the oio office is to make sure that every application is always in new zealand’s best interests. and i think that – so in relation to hunter valley, just a little bit of context around that, jessica, was that the same family has been faithfully farming hunter valley for decades. they’re older now; they want to retire. they’ve had the station on our local market now for five years looking for a local or kiwi buyer. they haven’t had much luck. and, of course, they’ve had very strong interest from an offshore buyer that’s obviously got a real passion for the area. in terms of the public access, actually, the public access wasn’t that great. it is an operational farm, and of course, when it’s an operational farm, you’ve got to be careful around who’s moving across, especially with open access. but under the oio application, actually we have increased public access.
jessica but in this specific case, though, they weren’t already negotiating with the council to try and get access through to that doc conservation area and through to the lake of this very iconic property. they now don’t, and those locals there feel as though they’re missing out because of this american buyer.
mark those are two separate issues is that people can actually apply to the council to get access – or even through the commissioner for crown lands. but what the oio has done is they’ve made sure, through their process, which is quite separate, that actually public access is preserved and is actually being strengthened.
jessica that’s part of the act, of course, as you know – that you have to think about that. but in this case, was due consideration given? because a lot of the locals feel as though this has been done by stealth, and they’re missing out on going for a walk in somewhere that they’ve walked in for decades.
mark no, i can assure you that they’re not going to miss out on going for a walk. in fact, the public access has been increased as part of that oio process. and, of course, the oio office is always focused -- their primary focus is making sure that there are tangible benefits above and beyond what would have otherwise been a local sale.
jessica but just not walking access, in this case.
mark no, walking access has been increased too.
jessica but it’s a goat track, though; you have to be a very experienced tramper or climber. we’ve been told that if you’re just a regular walker like you or i, you would struggle to get across there.
mark i’ve been told that i could get across there.
jessica maybe just me, then.
mark so no, the access is very good. they’ve got access to the camp there. they’ve got access to an additional hut that’s on the station. there’s definitely been an increase in terms of public access. and some of these walking groups actually have got other options open to them to continue to look at increasing that access, as well.
jessica bigger picture, though – are you concerned that this is happening more frequently? we’re having a big buy-up of new zealand land, and a lot of new zealanders are really concerned about it. can you see their point?
mark no, i don’t accept that there’s a big buy-up of new zealand land at all. i think—
jessica there were 466 hectares – we’ve got those numbers from the oio – and that was five times more than 2015, so 466 hectares in 2015—in 2016, rather.
mark the way that that’s captured is technical, but what i can assure you of is that in terms of the net sales, they’re pretty consistent over the last decade. and we’re very conscious of that. we look very, very closely at that. and the oio process is extremely robust in terms of--
jessica these are figures, though, minister, in fairness, from the oio and show that it’s nearly five times more in 2016 than it was in 2015.
mark i think, jessica, it’s the way that number’s been interpreted. some of those oio applications that go through that involve land also involve kiwis.
jessica but it’s foreigners having a finger in all these different pies.
mark the actual — so the net land that’s actually gone into foreign ownership is the same, and it’s been consistent over the last decade.
jessica new zealand first wants a register. why won’t the government do that?
mark i’m not going to talk about new zealand first policy. i’ll just say--
jessica why won’t the government do a register, then?
mark so the government, in terms of—certainly from my office in the oio, we are watching very, very carefully, and we have got a very robust process that is focused solely on making sure that any foreign investment—actually, some foreign investment into the country is really important because, as kiwis, we like to engage and invest in other parts of the world as well, and we’re an open economy, we’re recognised as being a very strong open economy, so good investment is good.
jessica is it robust, though, minister? because we can’t quantify how much of new zealand land is actually foreign-owned. the oio looks at iconic and special land, but a piece of land that’s owned by a chinese buyer or a russian buyer that might be quite beautiful but doesn’t meet that iconic status, that’s not captured in those figures.
mark i think that statistics new zealand actually is developing processes that allows us to capture a lot more of that information.
jessica but it’s not robust now, is it?
mark it’s getting better and better. and in terms of the oio, we are able to monitor and watch very carefully, in terms of the applications that are coming through the office.
jessica but can new zealanders find out exactly how much new zealand land is owned by a foreign buyer?
mark well i know certainly, through the oio, you’ve just quoted some figures and numbers there, so we can clearly demonstrate and show what applications we’re dealing with.
jessica so yes, you can tell us exactly how much land?
mark certainly from the oio’s perspective, and that’s the portfolio that i’m responsible for, so the answer is yes. but i think that it’s really important to note that when we’re talking about offshore investment and overseas capital, which is actually really important, fundamentally, to our economy, is that we have got a very extremely robust process that they have to go through before that actually gets signed off. and before it’s signed off, there’s got to be clearly identifiable benefits that go in as part of the conditions before that investment happens and goes forward.
jessica let’s talk about that process, then, because another concern that came up with people that we spoke to is they feel like they don’t have a say in the process; they don’t know when a transaction is imminent, when a foreign buyer is coming in, and feel like they don’t have a chance to say, ‘hey, this is how it’s going to affect us.’ what do you say to that?
mark i think, in terms of—if we take hunter valley station, for example, that was on the open market for five years, so people were aware that the owners were trying to sell it. it’s actually a leasehold station, so they’re trying to sell the leasehold. and actually under the oio, there is a requirement before any transaction goes through in terms of foreign ownership that it is actually gone out and advertised in the open market so people are aware of it.
jessica but people like fish & game say they’re just not being consulted.
mark well they, people are able to engage with the oio if they have got a view or they’ve got information that they want to share around the transaction.
jessica in terms of the deal, for example, that people might promise that they will clean up a conservation area or build a walkway, and that’s part of the sale agreement, do you check up on whether they actually do it? and how far do you take it? do you actually say to them, ‘look, if you haven’t met this requirement by this time…’? how does that work?
mark so part of the oio process, there are a set of conditions that have to be met, and the oio will continue to monitor those.
jessica do you follow up, though? and what happens? could you reverse the sale?
mark yes. absolutely it could reverse. there could be a disposal of the asset. that would be the final step. before that, there’s a whole range of options, starting with a written warning through to fines and then, possibly, the disposal of the asset.
jessica do you require the public to notify you about that, or do members of the oio go out and monitor and check?
mark no, it’s a combination. the public certainly can notify us, the actual investor themselves is required to notify us if they feel like they can’t meet one of the conditions attached to the oio approval, and, of course, we also go out and enforce ourselves.
jessica how many breaches have there been, minister?
mark there have been several breaches that we have taken action on.
jessica can you give us a ballpark figure?
mark i can’t give you a ballpark figure. all i can say is that there have been breaches and we have acted on them.
jessica in terms of this whole situation, the locals and some new zealanders in these situations do feel nervous. they do feel like this is happening without them knowing about it. is it time for the government to sit back, take a breath, perhaps have a register, have something where the public feel as though it’s more transparent? do you feel like the government should be doing that?
mark i think that we should be listening all the time in terms of if there’s a way to improve a process. and actually, me as minister, welcome that sort of input, and i’ve had meetings like that since i’ve taken over the portfolio. now we’re kiwis, and we love owning property, and we have a keen interest in property, so it’s only natural that we have a real interest in how we’re actually managing—
jessica do we risk, though, becoming tenants in our own country if we continue to let this happen?
mark no, i don’t think we do. i think that the percentage of land that goes into foreign ownership and attracts foreign investment is actually very small, in terms of you know the productive land that we have in new zealand, so i don’t feel like there’s any risk of that at all. and the fact that we’re monitoring it and watching it very, very closely also reinforces that.
jessica does it matter to you who owns the land?
mark um, it matters to me in the sense that if we’re going to have some foreign investment, we should welcome that. we are an open economy. i’ve just been up to india with a business delegation where we’ve got kiwis that are doing very good investments up there—
jessica but does it matter to you who owns our land?
mark it matters to me that whoever is going to come and want to own a piece of new zealand is that they’re passionate about new zealand, is that they have a genuine interest in us and want to invest in us, and that they are actually going to deliver real benefits to us. and that’s what matters.
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llvm* ˈwikli 43 ɔkt 2014 ˈwɛlkəm tɪ ðə ˈɪʃu əv ˈwikli, ə ˈwikli ˈnuzˌlɛtər (ˈpəblɪʃt ˈɛvəri ˈmənˌdeɪ) ˈkəvərɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpmənts ɪn, klæŋ, ənd rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈprɑʤɛkts. ˈwikli ɪz brɔt tɪ ju baɪ ˈæləks ˈbrædˌbɛri. səbˈskraɪb tɪ fˈjuʧər ˈɪʃuz æt ənd pæs ɪt ɔn tɪ ˈɛniˌwən ɛls ju θɪŋk meɪ bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd. pliz sɛnd ˈɛni tɪps ər ˈfidˌbæk tɪ asb@asbradbury.org*, ər ər ɔn tˈwɪtər. ðɪs wik ɪts ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz' ˈmitɪŋ ɪn sæn ˌhoʊˈzeɪ. ʧɛk aʊt ðə ˈskɛʤʊl. ənˈfɔrʧənətli aɪ woʊnt bi ðɛr, soʊ əm ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ðə slaɪdz ənd ˈvɪdioʊz goʊɪŋ ˈɔnˌlaɪn. nuz ənd ˈɑrtɪkəlz frəm əraʊnd ðə wɛb ˈfɪlɪp rimz həz ˈrɪtən əp ə dɪˈteɪld dɪˈskəʃən əv ˈvərsəz fər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ kɔl safepoints*. ðə eɪm ɪz tɪ ˈklɪrli ɪkˈspleɪn haʊ ðə ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə ˈpæʧɪz ˈkərəntli əp fər ˌrivˈju ˈdɪfər tɪ ðə ˈkɑrənt səˈpɔrt. ðə ˈhæskəl kəmˈjunɪti hæv pʊt təˈgɛðər ə prəˈpoʊzəl fər ən ˌɪmˈpruvd ˌbæˈkɛnd tɪ. ðeɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnd tɪ ʃɪp wɪθ ɪts oʊn ˈloʊkəl bɪld. hæv ˈpəblɪʃt ə blɔg poʊst əˈbaʊt ˈjuzɪŋ klæŋ tɪ gɪt ˈbɛtər ˈwɔrnɪŋz ɪn ˈvɪʒəwəl si++ ˈprɑʤɛkts. ðɛr ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd æt 2015 hir ɪz ðə kɔl fər ˈspikərz ənd pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən. ɔn ðə ˈmeɪlɪŋ lɪsts kəˈmɪts ðə həz bɪn ˌɪntrəˈdust fər loʊd ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz. ənd hæv bɪn ˈædɪd. ðə ˈhɛksəˌgɑn ˌbæˈkɛnd geɪnd ə ˈbeɪsɪk disassembler*. geɪnd tɪ tɛl ɪf ðə dɪˈfɔlt ˈrɛʤɪstər ˈæləˌkeɪtər ɪz biɪŋ juzd. ən tul həz bɪn ˈædɪd. ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi juzd tɪ bɪld kəmˈpoʊnənts səʧ ɛz ðə goʊ in-tree*. klæŋ kəˈmɪts si ˌkɑmpəˈleɪʃən dɪˈfɔlts tɪ baɪ dɪˈfɔlt, ˈmæʧɪŋ ðə bɪˈheɪvjər əv klæŋ ʃʊd naʊ bi ˈbɛtər æt ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ɪn nɑnˈstændərd ˈsɛˌtəps. ðə ˈwɪndoʊz ɪz naʊ noʊn ɛz msvctoolchain*, tɪ əˈlaʊ ðə əˈdɪʃən ə wɪʧ wɪl juz clang/libc++/lld*. ˈəðər ˈprɑʤɛkt kəˈmɪts
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llvm weekly - #43, oct 27th 2014
welcome to the forty-third issue of llvm weekly, a weekly newsletter (published every monday) covering developments in llvm, clang, and related projects. llvm weekly is brought to you by alex bradbury. subscribe to future issues at http://llvmweekly.org and pass it on to anyone else you think may be interested. please send any tips or feedback to asb@asbradbury.org, or @llvmweekly or @asbradbury on twitter.
this week it's the llvm developers' meeting in san jose. check out the schedule. unfortunately i won't be there, so i'm looking forward to the slides and videos going online.
news and articles from around the web
philip reames has written up a detailed discussion of statepoints vs gcroot for representing call safepoints. the aim is to clearly explain how the safepoint functionality provided by the patches currently up for review differ to the current gc.root support.
the haskell community have put together a proposal for an improved llvm backend to ghc. they intend to ship ghc with its own local llvm build.
codergears have published a blog post about using clang to get better warnings in visual c++ projects.
there is going to be a dedicated llvm devroom at fosdem 2015. here is the call for speakers and participation.
on the mailing lists
llvm commits
the nonnull metadata has been introduced for load instructions. r220240.
minnum and maxnum intrinsics have been added. r220341, r220342.
the hexagon backend gained a basic disassembler. r220393.
passconfig gained usingdefaultregalloc to tell if the default register allocator is being used. r220321.
an llvm-go tool has been added. it is intended to be used to build components such as the go frontend in-tree. r220462.
clang commits
c compilation defaults to c11 by default, matching the behaviour of gcc 5.0. r220244.
clang should now be better at finding visual studio in non-standard setups. r220226.
the windows toolchain is now known as msvctoolchain, to allow the addition a crosswindowstoolchain which will use clang/libc++/lld. r220362, r220546.
other project commits
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9k* ʃɛrz ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər ˈgugəl prɪnt meɪl ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ʤɪst kət haʊs rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɔf æt ðə ni ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ prəˈtɛkt əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwɪmən frəm ðə ɪˈgriʤəs bɪl ðeɪ wər traɪɪŋ tɪ pæs ðət wʊd fɔrs ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt reɪp ˈvɪktɪmz. noʊ, nɑt ə ʤoʊk. ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈstrɔŋli əˈpoʊzɪz ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən bɪl ðət ˈfɔrsɪz ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt reɪp ˈvɪktɪmz. ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt wər pərˈzɛnəd wɪθ h.r*. 7 hɪz ˈsinjər ædˈvaɪzərz wʊd ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðət hi ˈviˌtoʊ ðə bill.”*.” ðə waɪt haʊs ˈɪʃud ə ˈsteɪtmənt təˈdeɪ ɔn h.r*. 7 ðə ˌɔrˈwɛliən ˈtækˌspeɪər ˈfəndɪŋ fər əˈbɔrʃən act”*” (rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. smɪθ, ˈʤərzi, ənd 164 ˌkoʊˈspɔnsərz) ðət ˌɪnˈkludɪd, ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈstrɔŋli əˈpoʊzɪz h.r*. ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən laɪk ðə ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt əˈpɑn ˈfridəm ər ðə θɛft əv hoʊm rul ˌɪnˈhɛrənt ɪn ðə bɪl, ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən wʊd ˌɪnˈtrud ɔn ˌriprəˈdəktɪv ˈfridəm ənd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ hɛlθ kɛr; ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈbərdən ɔn ˈmɛni əˈmɛrɪkənz; ənˈnɛsəˌsɛrəli riˈstrɪkt ðə ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈʧɔɪsɪz ðət kənˈsumərz hæv təˈdeɪ; ənd riˈstrɪkt ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt əv juz əv ˈloʊkəl fəndz, wɪʧ ˌəndərˈmaɪnz hoʊm rule.”*.” ðɪs bɪl əˈfɪʃəli meɪks ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti ðə ˈpɑrti əv bɪg ˈgəvərnmənt. ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət ɪt ɪz ɔˈrɛdi lɔ ðət wi du nɑt juz tæks ˈməni fər əˈbɔrʃənz kɔld ðə haɪd əˈmɛndmənt), ˈfɛdərəl ˈpɑləsi proʊˈhɪbəts ðə juz əv ˈfɛdərəl fəndz fər əˈbɔrʃənz, ɪkˈsɛpt ɪn ˈkeɪsɪz əv reɪp ər ˈɪnˌsɛst, ər wɪn ðə laɪf əv ðə ˈwʊmən wʊd bi ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd. ðɪs ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən ɪz meɪnˈteɪnd ɪn ðə əˈfɔrdəbəl kɛr ækt ənd ˌriɪnˈfɔrst θru ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər əv kɔrs, ðɪs bɪl ˈrɪli əˈbaʊt ˈtækˌspeɪər fəndz. əˈbaʊt kənˈtroʊlɪŋ ˈwɪmən ənd kriˈeɪtɪŋ ən ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt əv fɪr ənd ˌɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən əraʊnd hɛlθ. ðə waɪt haʊs kənˈtɪnjud, ““h.r*. 7 wʊd goʊ wɛl bɪɔnd ðiz ˈseɪfˌgɑrdz baɪ ˌɪnərˈfɪrɪŋ wɪθ consumers’*’ ˈpraɪvət hɛlθ kɛr ˈʧɔɪsɪz. ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈstrɔŋli əˈpoʊzɪz ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ðət ənˈnɛsəˌsɛrəli riˈstrɪkts ˌriprəˈdəktɪv ˈfridəmz ənd consumers’*’ ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns options.”*.” ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz ər traɪɪŋ tɪ pæs ɪt ɔf ɛz ðə ˈtækˌspeɪər ˈfəndɪŋ fər əˈbɔrʃən act”*”, bət ðɛr ɪz ɔˈrɛdi noʊ ˈtækˌspeɪər ˈfəndɪŋ fər əˈbɔrʃən. nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪz ðət ə lɔ, bət tʊk ˈspɛʃəl peɪnz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðɪs. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈivɪn ˈɪʃud ən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈivɪn mɔr klɪr, fər ðoʊz hu hæv ə hɑrd taɪm ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈækʧəwəl ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ðət ðeɪ voʊt ɔn. prɪˈdɪktəbli, ɪt ɪz rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑləsiz ðət lɛd tɪ əˈbɔrʃənz. ˈstədi ˈæftər ˈstədi ʃoʊz ðət ˈækˌsɛs tɪ bərθ kənˈtroʊl ənd sɛks ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli rɪˈdus ðə ənˈwɔntɪd ˈprɛgnənsi reɪt, wɪʧ rɪˈdusɪz ðə əˈbɔrʃən reɪt. ðiz ər ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑləsiz. ɪn 2010 ˈpəblɪkli ˈfəndɪd ˈfæməli ˈplænɪŋ əˈvərtəd əˈbɔrʃənz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈgətˌmɑkər ˈɪnstɪˌtut rɪˈpɔrt nidz ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz riˈlist ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ əv 2013 rɪˈpəblɪkənz ər æt rɪsk əv ˈkɔzɪŋ mɔr əˈbɔrʃənz pər jɪr baɪ diˈfəndɪŋ ˈfæməli ˈplænɪŋ. soʊ ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈhævɪŋ ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt reɪp ˈvɪktɪmz, ɪf ðeɪ ˈrɪli kɛr əˈbaʊt əˈbɔrʃən, ðeɪ wʊd ˈriˌfənd plænd ˈpɛrənˌthʊd ənd ˈəðər ˈfæməli ˈplænɪŋ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz. ənˈlaɪk ˈmɛni ɪn ðə haʊs, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪz nɑt ə niˈændərˌθɔl ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ˈwɪmən ɛz ˈikwəlz. ɪn fækt, ðɪs waɪt haʊs həz bɪn ðə moʊst ˈpɑləsi ˈɔriˌɛntɪd ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪn ˈhɪstəri. ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts ər ðə spid bəmps əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkreɪzi rɪˈpəblɪkən treɪn ðət kips ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ˈfridəm. rɪˈpəblɪkənz ər traɪɪŋ tɪ kleɪm ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ ɔn women”*”. ɪf ˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈwɪmən tɪ səbˈmɪt tɪ ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs fər ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈoʊvər hɛlθ ˈmætərz ə wɔr ɔn ˈwɪmən, əˈfreɪd tɪ æsk wət wʊd ˈkɑnstəˌtut ə wɔr ɔn ˈwɪmən. ɪf ˈrɛdi tɪ rɛd mɔr frəm ðə ənd tim, saɪn əp fər ɑr ˈnuzˌlɛtər hir! iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs: liv ðɪs fild ˈɛmti ɪf jʊr ˈjumən:
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the obama administration just cut house republicans off at the knee in order to protect american women from the egregious bill they were trying to pass that would force the irs to investigate rape victims. no, that’s not a joke.
the obama administration strongly opposes the republican bill that forces the irs to investigate rape victims. “if the president were presented with h.r. 7, his senior advisors would recommend that he veto the bill.”
the white house issued a statement today on h.r. 7 – the orwellian “no taxpayer funding for abortion act” (rep. smith, r-new jersey, and 164 cosponsors) – that included, “the administration strongly opposes h.r. 7.”
the obama administration doesn’t like the infringement upon women’s freedom or the theft of home rule inherent in the gop bill, “the legislation would intrude on women’s reproductive freedom and access to health care; increase the financial burden on many americans; unnecessarily restrict the private insurance choices that consumers have today; and restrict the district of columbia’s use of local funds, which undermines home rule.”
this bill officially makes the republican party the party of big government.
the obama administration explained that it is already law that we do not use tax money for abortions (it’s called the hyde amendment), “longstanding federal policy prohibits the use of federal funds for abortions, except in cases of rape or incest, or when the life of the woman would be endangered. this prohibition is maintained in the affordable care act and reinforced through the president’s executive order 13535.”
of course, this bill isn’t really about taxpayer funds. it’s about controlling women and creating an environment of fear and intimidation around women’s health. the white house continued, “h.r. 7 would go well beyond these safeguards by interfering with consumers’ private health care choices. the administration strongly opposes legislation that unnecessarily restricts women’s reproductive freedoms and consumers’ private insurance options.”
the republicans are trying to pass it off as the “no taxpayer funding for abortion act”, but there is already no taxpayer funding for abortion. not only is that a law, but obamacare took special pains to ensure this. furthermore, the president even issued an executive order to make it even more clear, for those who have a hard time reading actual legislation that they vote on.
predictably, it is republican policies that lead to abortions. study after study shows that access to birth control and sex education significantly reduce the unwanted pregnancy rate, which reduces the abortion rate. these are democratic policies.
in 2010, publicly funded family planning averted 760,000 abortions, according to a guttmacher institute report “contraceptive needs and services 2010″ released in july of 2013.
republicans are at risk of causing 760,000 more abortions per year by defunding family planning. so instead of having the irs investigate rape victims, if they really care about abortion, they would refund planned parenthood and other family planning organizations.
unlike many in the house gop, the president is not a knuckle-dragging neanderthal incapable of dealing with women as equals. in fact, this white house has been the most pro-women policy oriented administration in history. obama and the democrats are the speed bumps against the crazy republican train that keeps coming from women’s freedom.
republicans are trying to claim that there is no “war on women”. if forcing women to submit to the irs for an investigation over health matters isn’t a war on women, i’m afraid to ask what would constitute a war on women.
if you’re ready to read more from the unbossed and unbought politicus team, sign up for our newsletter here! email address: leave this field empty if you're human:
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ɪmˈbɛd >mɔr nuz ˈvɪdioʊz kɔrt ˈrɛkərdz ʃoʊ mæn ˈwəzənt drəŋk wɪn hi hɪt ˈɔfɪsər wɪθ hɪz ˌɛsˌjuˈvi. ɪf ju ˈdoʊˌneɪt bləd ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ˈɔfɪsər ˈnɛstər ˌgɑrˈsiə pliz rɪˈfər tɪ koʊd θæŋks fər jʊr səˈpɔrt. ʧif ɑrt æsəˈveɪdoʊ (@artacevedo*) sɛpˈtɛmbər 28 2017 ðə mæn əˈkjuzd əv plaʊɪŋ θru ə ˈtræfɪk stɑp ənd ˈrənɪŋ ˈoʊvər ə ˈhjustən pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər meɪd hɪz fərst kɔrt əˈpɪrəns ˈzɪmərmən ɪz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˌɪnˌtɑksəˈkeɪʃən əˈsɔlt əv ə ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvənt fər əˈlɛʤədli ˈhɪtɪŋ ˈɔfɪsər ˈnɛstər tɪ kɔrt ˈdɑkjəmənts, ˈzɪmərmən toʊld ˈɔfɪsərz hi dræŋk wən bɪr əraʊnd p.m*. ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ, əraʊnd ðə seɪm taɪm hi hæd ˈdɑkjəmənts ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊ ˈzɪmərmən kleɪmz hi teɪks ə hɑrt ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən ənd ə sˈlipɪŋ pɪl bət wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ðə neɪmz. hi ˈɔlsoʊ toʊld ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz hi ˈhædənt ˈteɪkən ðə sˈlipɪŋ ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən sɪns ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə kræʃ ˈhæpənd ʤɪst ˈæftər 2 a.m*. ər ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ˌtɑksɪˈkɑləʤi rɪˈzəlts tɪ dɪˈtərmən ˈwɛðər hi wɑz ˌɪmˈpɛrd æt ðə taɪm əv ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər hu ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪz ɪn viˈhɪkjələr kraɪmz sɛd ˈzɪmərmən wɑz slərɪŋ hɪz spiʧ ənd simd "dɪˈtæʧt" frəm ðə hoʊl seɪ ˈzɪmərmən pæst hɪz tɛst bət feɪld ˈəðər fild soʊˈbraɪəti æst ɪf ˈzɪmərmən ˈivɪn ˈriəˌlaɪzd hi hɪt ˈsəmˌwən ənd ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər ʃɔn tir sɛd ðæts ɪts prəˈskrɪpʃən ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən, ˈwɛðər ɪts ˌɪˈlɪsət drəgz, wi ʤɪst doʊnt noʊ jɛt. wi hæv tɪ weɪt ɔn ðə ˌtɑksɪˈkɑləʤi tɪ dɪˈtərmən ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk taɪp. ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl ðoʊ, ɪt dɪz nɑt ˈmætər ˈwɛðər ɪts ə prəˈskrɪpʃən drəg, ˌɪˈlɪsət drəg, ˈælkəˌhɑl, ɪf ju ər ˌɪnˈtɑksɪˌkeɪtɪd ənd ju gɪt bɪˈhaɪnd ðə wil, wɪr goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈprɑsəˌkjut ju," sɛd ˈrɛkərdz seɪ ˈzɪmərmən bɪˈlivd pəˈlis kɑz pæst ɪm wɪn ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz seɪ ˈɔfɪsər ˌgɑrˈsiə ənd tu ˈəðər pəˈtroʊl ˈjunɪts wər həz ˈpoʊstɪd bɑnd ənd ɪz biɪŋ ˈprɑsɛst raɪt naʊ ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ hæv pəˈtɪʃənd fər ðə ʤəʤ tɪ reɪz ɪt tɪ ˌgɑrˈsiə ɪz ɪn ˈkrɪtɪkəl, bət ˈsteɪbəl pəˈlis ʧif ɑrt æsəˈveɪdoʊ ɪz ˈərʤɪŋ ˈɛniˌwən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪŋ bləd tɪ hɛlp ˈɔfɪsər ˌgɑrˈsiə tɪ du soʊ ˈjuzɪŋ ðə koʊd
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embed >more news videos court records show man wasn't drunk when he hit officer with his suv.
if you donate blood @commitforlife on behalf of @houstonpolice officer nestor garcia please refer to code 1879ch31. thanks for your support. — chief art acevedo (@artacevedo) september 28, 2017
the 79-year-old man accused of plowing through a traffic stop and running over a houston police officer made his first court appearance thursday.robert zimmerman is charged with intoxication assault of a public servant for allegedly hitting officer nestor garcia.according to court documents, zimmerman told officers he drank one 24-ounce beer around 5:00 p.m. tuesday evening, around the same time he had dinner.the documents also show zimmerman claims he takes a heart medication and a sleeping pill but was unable to remember the names. he also told investigators he hadn't taken the sleeping medication since monday night, according to the report.the crash happened just after 2 a.m. wednesday.investigators are waiting for toxicology results to determine whether he was impaired at the time of the crash.a prosecutor who specializes in vehicular crimes said zimmerman was slurring his speech and seemed "detached" from the whole situation.prosecutors say zimmerman passed his breathalyzer test but failed other field sobriety tests.abc13 asked if zimmerman even realized he hit someone and prosecutor sean teare said that's unclear."whether it's prescription medication, whether it's illicit drugs, we just don't know yet. we have to wait on the toxicology to determine the specific type. in general though, it does not matter whether it's a prescription drug, illicit drug, alcohol, if you are intoxicated and you get behind the wheel, we're going to prosecute you," said teare.court records say zimmerman believed police cars passed him when investigators say officer garcia and two other patrol units were stopped.zimmerman has posted $30,000 bond and is being processed right now before being released.prosecutors have petitioned for the judge to raise it to $100,000.officer garcia is in critical, but stable condition.houston police chief art acevedo is urging anyone interested in donating blood to help officer garcia to do so using the code 1879ch31.
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ˈæləks sɔŋ həz kɔzd ˌɪrɪˈteɪʃən æt ˈɑrsənəl wɪθ hɪz dɪˈzaɪər tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr hɪz ˈtrænsfər ˈmɑrkɪt ˈɔpʃənz ɪn ðə feɪs əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst frəm ə kləʧ əv ˈlidɪŋ kləbz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə. ðə həz bɪn meɪd əˈwɛr ðət hi ɪz ɪn dɪˈmænd ˈæftər ə ˈpɑzətɪv ˈsizən læst taɪm aʊt ənd hi wɔnts tɪ ˈlɪsən tɪ wət ɪz ɔn ˈɔfər. bət hɪz stæns həz gɔn daʊn ˈbædli wɪθ ðə ˈmænɪʤər, ˈwɛŋər, ənd ðə bɔrd, hu fil ðət sɔŋ ɔt ˈmɪrli tɪ hæv ˌɪgˈnɔrd ðə əˈproʊʧɪz tɪ hɪz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ənd kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ʃoʊ ˈgrætəˌtud fər wət ðə kləb həz dən fər ɪm. ˈwɛŋər tʊk sɔŋ ɛz ə ˈtiˌneɪʤər frəm ɪn ə dil ðət wɑz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli wərθ ənd həz dɪˈvɛləpt ɪm ˈɪntu ə dɪˈfɛnsɪv əv riˈpjut. ðə ˈfrɪkʃən həz bɪlt tɪ ðə pɔɪnt wɛr ˈwɛŋər həz kˈwɛsʧənd sɔŋz wərθ tɪ ðə tim ənd ˈivɪn ˈwəndərd ˈwɛðər hi meɪ sɛl ɪm ɪf ə lɑrʤ ˈɔfər wər tɪ kəm ɪn. ˈɑrsənəl hæv nɑt jɛt rɪˈsivd ˈɛni əˈfɪʃəl bɪdz. ðə kləbz muv fər ril həz bɪn ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd, ɪn pɑrt, baɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɪθ sɔŋ. ˈwɛŋər wɔnts, ðə ˈtərki, ɔn ə loʊn wɪθ ðə ˈɔpʃən tɪ meɪk ðə ˈtrænsfər ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt. sɔŋ ɪz ˈəndər ˈkɑnˌtrækt ənˈtɪl 2015 ˈwɛŋər əraɪvd ɪn ˈʤərməni ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ fər ə ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmp wɪθ ə skwɑd wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈsænti ənd ˈrɑbɪn væn. hi həz bɪn ˈgɪvɪn ˈspɛʃəl ˌdɪspənˈseɪʃən baɪ tɪ ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪt ɪn hɪz ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃənz ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ˈtrænsfər frəm ðə ˈspænɪʃ kləb həz stɪl nɑt bɪn əˈnaʊnst. pæst hɪz ˈmɛdɪkəl æt ˈɑrsənəl læst ˈθərzˌdeɪ, wɪθ hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl tərmz ənd ðə ˈbeɪsɪk fi əv ˈhævɪŋ bɪn əˈgrid. ðə ˈfrɛndli wɪθ ɔn ˈsənˌdi stændz tɪ ˈfiʧər ˈsɛvərəl ˈstɔriˌlaɪnz. ðɛr wɪl bi ðə ˈɑrsənəl ˈdeɪbju əv ˈlukəz pəˈdoʊlski əˈgɛnst ðə kləb hi lɛft æt ðə ɛnd əv læst ˈsizən fər £10.9m*, waɪl ˌoʊˈlɪˌviˌeɪ giroud*, ðə ˈsaɪnɪŋ frəm ənd, ˈpɑsəbli, wɪl pleɪ ðɛr fərst ˈmɪnəts ɪn ˈɑrsənəl colours*. ɪt wʊd bi ə saɪt fər səm sɔr aɪz ɪf væn wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. ˈændri arshavin*, hu həz ˈtrævəld tɪ ˈʤərməni wɪθ ðə skwɑd, ɪz ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ə bɪd frəm galatasaray*. ðə ˈwɪŋər, hu ɪz aʊt əv ˈkɑnˌtrækt nɛkst ˈsəmər, ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst tɪ kwinz pɑrk ˈreɪnʤərz ənd kləbz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist.
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alex song has caused irritation at arsenal with his desire to explore his transfer market options in the face of interest from a clutch of leading clubs, including barcelona. the midfielder has been made aware that he is in demand after a positive season last time out and he wants to listen to what is on offer.
but his stance has gone down badly with the manager, arsène wenger, and the board, who feel that song ought merely to have ignored the approaches to his representatives and continued to show gratitude for what the club has done for him. wenger took song as a teenager from bastia in a deal that was initially worth £350,000 and has developed him into a defensive midfielder of repute.
the friction has built to the point where wenger has questioned song's worth to the team and even wondered whether he may sell him if a large offer were to come in. arsenal have not yet received any official bids.
the club's move for real madrid's nuri sahin has been motivated, in part, by the developing situation with song. wenger wants sahin, the 23-year-old turkey midfielder, on a season-long loan with the option to make the transfer permanent. song is under contract until 2015.
wenger arrived in germany on monday for a training camp with a 24-man squad which included santi cazorla and robin van persie. he has been given special dispensation by málaga to incorporate cazorla in his preparations even though the midfielder's transfer from the spanish club has still not been announced. cazorla passed his medical at arsenal last thursday, with his personal terms and the basic fee of £16m having been agreed.
the friendly with fc köln on sunday stands to feature several eye-catching storylines. there will be the arsenal debut of lukas podolski against the club he left at the end of last season for £10.9m, while olivier giroud, the £13m signing from montpellier and, possibly, cazorla will play their first minutes in arsenal colours. it would be a sight for some sore eyes if van persie were also involved.
andrey arshavin, who has travelled to germany with the squad, is the subject of a £4m bid from galatasaray. the winger, who is out of contract next summer, is also of interest to queens park rangers and clubs in the middle east.
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aɪ ˈwɑndərd əˈloʊn daʊn ə ˈʃeɪdi saɪd leɪn æt ˈoʊklənd ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri ɪn æˈtlæntə, ə ˈsteɪpəl ˈtʊrɪst stɑp wɛr səm əv ðə ˈfeɪvərɪt sənz ənd ˈdɔtərz hæv bɪn ˈbɛrid fər mɔr ðən 150 jɪrz. ˈmɑrgərɪt ˈmɪʧəl wɛnt ðɛr ˈæftər ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə saʊθ səm ˈkərənsi wɪθ gɔn wɪθ ðə wɪnd. soʊ dɪd ˈfɔrmər meɪər ˈmeɪnərd ˈʤæksən, hu wɑz pərˈmɪtɪd tɪ bi ˈbɛrid ɪn ðə waɪt ˈsɛkʃən ə ə fju skænt jɪrz ˈæftər ˌdisɛgrəˈgeɪʃən. ˈɔfən æt ðiz ˈsɛməˌtɛriz, ju si lɑts əv grænd greɪvz ðət bɪˈlɔŋ tɪ ˈpipəl hu ər əv noʊ ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt dɪˈstɪŋkʃən, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt kɑrvd vɔlts traɪ ɪn veɪn tɪ ˈɑrgju ðə ˈɑpəzɪt. ˈmeɪbi ə ˈsəðərnər frəm 100 jɪrz əˈgoʊ wʊd hæv noʊn ðə neɪmz əraʊnd mi, bət moʊst əv ðɛm mɛnt ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ mi. ðə mɑrʧ əv stoʊnz ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ məˈmɔriəˌlaɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli əbˈzɔrbd ðə aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz əv ðə ˈθaʊzənz əv ðɛr ˈɑkjəpənts. ˈbraʊzɪŋ ðə neɪmz ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈnəθɪŋ, laɪk ˈskænɪŋ ə bɑks əv ənd ˈpɔɪntləs juzd bʊks ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈdɛspərɪt ˈmoʊmənts əv ə gərɑʒ seɪl. ʤɪst ɛz ðə məˈnɑtəni əv ˈrɛdɪŋ neɪmz wɑz dɪˈmɪnɪʃɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈtrig əv ə ˈvɪzɪt, ə plɑt kɔt maɪ aɪ. ɪt wɑz ˈpurli ˈtɛndɪd, ɛˈsɛnʃəli ə fju ˈpæʧɪz əv dɪˈgreɪdɪd græs ˈstrəgəlɪŋ θru sænd. ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ wən əv ðə ˈoʊnli greɪvz æt ˈoʊklənd ðət geɪv ə ˌbaɪəˈgræfɪkəl hɪnt əv ɪts ˈkɑntɛnts bɪɔnd neɪmz ənd deɪts. ɔˈrɛliə ki bɛl poʊət ˈeɪprəl 8 1864 ʤun 2 1959 hu? ðɪs məst bi əˈnəðər wən əv dɛd səˈlɛbrɪtiz. aɪ wɪpt aʊt maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn tɪ si ɪf ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt hæd ˈɛvər hərd əv hər. ðɛr məʧ ˈəðər ðən ə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri əv ˈkɑŋgrəs ˈdaʊnˌloʊd əv poʊəmz əv ɔˈrɛliə ki bɛl, ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 1895 wɪn ʃi jɛt 30 jɪrz oʊld. aɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪd ə ənd bɪˈgæn ˈrɛdɪŋ raɪt ðɛr ɪt æt ðə fʊt əv hər greɪv. aɪ wɑz ˈfʊli əˈwɛr ðət biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ du ðɪs ɪz ə ˈmɪrəkəl əv ɑr eɪʤ ənd ɪt ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈgrætəˌfaɪd hər goʊst. aɪ hoʊp nɑt ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛktfəl tɪ seɪ ˈlɪtəl ˈwəndər waɪ hər stəf ˈpəblɪʃt təˈdeɪ. hər staɪl əv ˈraɪtɪŋ fɔl aʊt əv ˈfæʃən soʊ məʧ ɛz ɪt wɑz jæŋkt daʊn ənd kləbd tɪ dɛθ baɪ ˈtɑməs ˈɛdɪsən. ɔˈrɛliə wɑz ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ˈsɑgi, ˌoʊvərˈrɔt ˈklæsɪˌsɪzəm ˈsædəld wɪθ prɛp skul əv daɪˈænə ənd kəˈlaɪəˌpi ənd ˈlɛbənən. wən poʊəm bɪˈgæn hɛld ˈdəlsɪmər, ənd ˈkɛrlɛsli brəʃt ɪts diapason.”*.” ə ˈsɛnʧəri ənd tu laɪnz ɔn, ənd hər ˈpoʊətri stɪl hæd ðə paʊər tɪ bɔr. tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈsəmθɪŋ? ɪf ðə ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz hæd stɑpt ðɛr, ɪt wʊd hæv bɪn ə stərɪŋ ˈmoʊmənt: ə fərˈgɑtən poʊət wɑz ˌrɛzərˈɛktɪd baɪ at&t*, wɪʧ ˈnɔrməli reɪz ə ˈsɪgnəl məʧ lɛs ðə dɛd. bət aɪ kɛpt ˈrɛdɪŋ. nɪr ðə frənt əv ðə wɑz ə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf əv ɔˈrɛliə hərˈsɛlf. hir ʃi wɑz, jəŋ ənd ˈbjutəfəl wɪθ laɪt aɪz, ˈglænsɪŋ bæk æt mi əˈkrɔs ðə jɪrz frəm hər lɛft ˈʃoʊldər. aɪ kʊd si ðə əv hər ˈprɪti nɛk. ðə ænˈtik ˈkɑpi ðə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri skænd fər ðə wɑz ˌɪnˈskraɪbd: ˈtruli, ɔˈrɛliə ki bell”*”, ənd ðət tʊk maɪ brɛθ əˈweɪ. ðət ˈækʧəwəl nɛk, ðə hænd ðət dru aʊt ðət skrɪpt, wər laɪɪŋ hir ˈəndər maɪ ʃuz. ðeɪ wʊd bi wɪˈθɪn riʧ ɪf ɪt fər ðə dɪˈtərənts əv faɪər ænts ənd ə əv ˌdikəmpəˈzɪʃən. aɪ faʊnd ə kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˌrivˈju əv ɔˈrɛliə baɪ ə ˈdɔti oʊld saʊθ kəmˈjunɪti ˈæktɪvɪst hu dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ə ˈhændˌbʊk tɪ ðə greɪt ˈlɪtərˌɛri ˈtælənts, ˈsərkə 1906 “[“[she*] ɪz ðə ˈdɔtər əv ˈmɑrkəs ə. bɛl, ə mæn əv ˈstərlɪŋ wərθ ənd ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti əv ˈʤɛnərəl ˈʃərmən wɑz ɪn æˈtlæntə hi juzd hər hoʊm ɔn wit strit fər ə ˈsteɪbəl ənd hɪz ˈhɔrsɪz eɪt kɔrn frəm hər cradle…*… ʃi ɪz ˈtruli ˈpræktɪkəl ənd ˈrɪli ˌɛnˈʤɔɪz ə ˈsɑnɪt ˈɪntu ə bonnet’…*’… mɪs poʊəmz wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt riʧ ðə hɑrt əv ðə ˈməltəˌtud, fər ðeɪ ər tu ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl, tu ideal.’”*.’” ˈivɪn ɪn hər taɪm, ə ˈdubiəs ˌrivˈju. bʊk hæd ðət rɛd ə lɔt laɪk ðə ˈgreɪvˌstoʊnz aɪ wɑz ˈstændɪŋ əˈməŋ. ðə fərst wɑz ðə ˈmɛməri əv maɪ ˈfɑðər, ˈmɑrkəs ə. bɛl, ɪn ˈləvɪŋ reverence.”*.” ənd ðɛr wɑz ˈmɑrkəs, tu spɑts tɪ ðə lɛft əv hər. bət ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst ənd ðə moʊst ˈɛfjusɪv ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃən wɛnt tɪ ˈsəmˌwən ɛls: æʃ, huz əˈfɛkʃən ənd ɛnˈkərɪʤmənt hæv bɪn əˈməŋ ðə ʧif ˈsɔrsəz əv maɪ inspiration.”*.” ʃʊr ɪˈnəf, ðɛr wɑz ˈaɪdə ʤeɪn æʃ, laɪɪŋ ɪgˈzæktli ˌbiˈsaɪd maɪ ˈʤəstli ˌɪgˈnɔrd ɔˈrɛliə. ˈaɪdə daɪd ɪn 1948 səm 53 jɪrz ˈæftər ðɪs ˌdɛdəˈkeɪʃən. ðə lɔnˈʤɛvəti əv ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɑz ˈhɑrtˌwɔrmɪŋ. ðɛn ɪt klɪkt. ɔˈrɛliə ki bɛl ənd ˈaɪdə æʃ, hər mjuz, məst hæv bɪn ˈlɛzbiənz. ðə aɪˈdiə əv ə gʊd oʊld ˈbɔstən ˈmɛrɪʤ hir ɪn ˈrɛbəl æˈtlæntə wɑz ˈskændələs! ˈrɛdɪŋ ɔn, aɪ faʊnd ə poʊəm ˈtaɪtəld wərd fər sappho.”*.” (əv kɔrs.) ɪt wɛnt, wərd fər. nɑt tɪ ˈpiən hər ˈsuɪˌsaɪd fər ləv əv ə sˈlændərəs mɪθ! ˈrisərʧ wɪl prove—*— nɑt bət swit daɪd əv ləv, bət daɪd ɛz ˈjugoʊ sɪz tɪ du ɪt: daɪ əv ləv ɪz tɪ lɪv tho’*’ it.’”*.’” trænzˈleɪʃən: ɪf ju daɪ frəm ðə ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti əv ləv, ju hæv ˈtruli lɪvd. ðət ʤɪst ðə sɔrt əv slaɪ ˈsɛlfəˈgrænˌdaɪzɪŋ θɪŋ ə ˈklɑzətɪd ˈlɛzbiən wʊd seɪ ɪf ʃi lɪvd ɪn oʊld æˈtlæntə? (ənd ˌɪnˈdid, ɛz aɪ dɪˈskəvərd wɪn aɪ gɑt hoʊm ənd lʊkt əp ˈsɛnsəs ˈrɛkərdz, ʃi ənd ˈaɪdə hæd muvd əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri, fɑr frəm riʧ, ənd ˈsɛtəld ɪn ˌpæsəˈdinər, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, wɛr ðeɪ lɪvd aʊt ðə rɛst əv ðɛr deɪz ɪn ðə seɪm hoʊm.) wɪθ ə ˈlɪtəl gumshoeing*, aɪ hæd dɪˈsaɪfərd ən ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ˈhɪdən ɪn pleɪn saɪt ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ˈstɔnʧəst ˈrɛbəl ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri. ɪt wɑz laɪk ə geɪ ˈdiˈeɪ ˈvɪnʧi koʊd! aɪ ræn ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə stuərd ɪn ðə gɪft ʃɑp tɪ æsk ɪm ɪf hi nu. ˈivɪn ðə ˈpipəl hu ræn ˈoʊklənd hæd ˈnɛvər hərd əv ɔˈrɛliə. hi ˈraɪfəld θru hɪz gaɪd tɪ ˈfeɪməs interments*. ““no*. noʊ. nɑt hir. wɛr dɪd ju seɪ hər greɪv wɑz again?”*?” hər ˌænəˈnɪmɪti nu noʊ baʊndz. ˈprɪti ʃʊr ʃi wɑz ə lesbian!”*!” aɪ əˈnaʊnst ɪkˈsaɪtədli. ə ˈwʊmən ˈsæmplɪŋ ðə gɪft soʊps simd tɪ pərk əp bət ðɛn, biɪŋ ə ˈsəðərn ˈleɪdi, pəˈlaɪtli priˈtɛndɪd nɑt tɪ hæv hərd waɪl ʃi ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈsaɪləntli reɪʤd wɪθ ˈʤəʤmənt. pərˈhæps ɔˈrɛliə ənd səbˈvərsɪv ˈlɪtəl ərˈeɪnʤmənt hæd ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ waɪ ðə ˈsɪtɪzənri əv ˈoʊklənd hæd soʊ sun ˈbænɪʃt ðɛm frəm ˈmɛməri. ɔˈrɛliə maɪt hæv bɪn fərˈɛvər fərˈgɑtən, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ hər ləv fər ˈaɪdə, bət ˈsəmˌwən hu kɛrd əˈbaʊt hər lɔŋ əˈgoʊ hæd θɔt tɪ kɑrv fɔr ˈlɪtəl ˈlɛtərz ɔn hər stoʊn: poʊət. ɪt wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli klu aɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ gɪv mi ðə ˌɪmˈpəls tɪ ənˈkəvər ə ˈsikrɪt ˈstɔri ɪn pleɪn vju. ʃʊr, ˈmeɪbi aɪ wɑz mɪsɪnˈtərprətɪŋ ðə kluz. kəˈnɛktɪŋ ðə rɔŋ dɑts ɪz ðə ˈklæsɪk mɪˈsteɪk əv ðə hɪˈstɔriən, bət ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ðə ˈklæsɪk səˈluʃən fər ˈɛvəri ˈsaɪəntɪst ɪz ˈreɪzər, wɪʧ sɪz ðə ˈsɪmpləst ˈænsər ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli tru. ər ˈmeɪbi nɑt. haʊ kʊd aɪ tɛl? ɔˈrɛliə hərˈsɛlf hæd ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ seɪ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈdeɪnʤər əv mɪsˈridɪŋ kluz. wən əv hər poʊəmz (wən əv ðə list soporific*, ənd wən əv ðə læst wənz aɪ kʊd ˈfɪnɪʃ wɪˈθaʊt ˈnæpɪŋ), wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri ˈmægəˌzin ɪn 1891 ɪn ðə ˈpɔzɪz əv hər sɔŋ ə ˈsɪŋər hu lɪvd ɪn ə ˈsəni lænd pɔrd fɔrθ ə sɔŋ soʊ fʊl əv ʧɪr, ðə murmurer*, ˈlɪsənɪŋ, fərˈgɑt hɪz plaint*, ðə ˈmɔrnər, tɪ ʃɛd hɪz tɪr. oʊ, wət ə ˈhæpi lɔt ɪz hərz, sɛd ðə ˈtɔɪlɪŋ wərld ɛz ɪt hərd, tɪ pɔr fɔrθ sɔŋz ɛz ˈkɛrlɛsli ɛz ʤɔɪ frəm ðə θroʊt əv ə bərd. əˈlæs, aɪ sɛd (fər ɑrt ɪz lɔŋ: aɪ hæv ˈtrɑdən ɪts ˈwɪri weɪ, ənd noʊ) kʊd ju bət drim əv ðə ˈstrəgəl ənd woʊ ðət kəm ɪn ðə ˈpɔzɪz əv hər sɔŋ! ðiz twɛlv ˈvərʧuəli ˌɪmˈpɛnətrəbəl laɪnz kʊd ˈvɛri wɛl hæv bɪn ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ əˈgɛnst maɪ əˈsəmpʃənz frəm bɪɔnd ðə greɪv: ju kən ˈnɛvər əˈsum ðə ˈkɛrɪktər əv ðə ˈsɪŋər ʤɪst ˈhirɪŋ hər sɔŋ. ˈgreɪvˌstoʊn wɑz ɛz dɪˈsɛptɪv ɛz hər sɔŋ, bət aɪ kʊd bi ˈsərtən əv wən θɪŋ: ʃi wʊd hæv rɪˈmeɪnd mjut ɪf aɪ ˈhæpənd tɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn hər bæk tɪ laɪf fər ə ˈmoʊmənt. ˈəpˌdeɪt, 6 ʤun 2014 stɪl ə ˈsikrɪt ˈlɛzbiən. wɪn æst wɛr ðə ˈfeɪməs ˈlɛzbiən poʊət ɪz, ðə stæf ʃrəgd ənd æst fər ə neɪm. ɪn ðə ˈvɪzɪtər ˈsɛnər lɔg, hər ˈɛntri ridz ““ophelia.”*.” ɪn: blɔg tægz: ˈɑrˌkaɪvz, ˈhɪstəri, ˈlaɪbrɛˌri əv ˈkɑŋgrəs, necrotourism*, ˈtʊˌrɪzəm, ˈraɪtɪŋ
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i wandered alone down a shady side lane at oakland cemetery in atlanta, a staple tourist stop where some 70,000 of the city’s favorite sons and daughters have been buried for more than 150 years. margaret mitchell went there after giving the south some currency with gone with the wind. so did former mayor maynard jackson, who was permitted to be buried in the white section a a few scant years after desegregation.
often at these cemeteries, you see lots of grand graves that belong to people who are of no permanent distinction, although their elaborate carved vaults try in vain to argue the opposite. maybe a southerner from 100 years ago would have known the names around me, but most of them meant nothing to me. the march of stones intended to memorialize actually absorbed the identities of the thousands of their occupants. browsing the names registered nothing, like scanning a box of yellowed and pointless used books in the final desperate moments of a picked-over garage sale.
just as the monotony of reading non-famous names was diminishing the intrigue of a visit, a plot caught my eye.
it was poorly tended, essentially a few patches of degraded grass struggling through worn-out sand.
it was also one of the only graves at oakland that gave a biographical hint of its contents beyond names and dates.
orelia key bell
poet
april 8, 1864
june 2, 1959
who? this must be another one of oakland’s dead celebrities.
i whipped out my iphone to see if the internet had ever heard of her. there wasn’t much other than a library of congress download of poems of orelia key bell, published in 1895, when she wasn’t yet 30 years old.
i downloaded a pdf and began reading right there it at the foot of her grave. i was fully aware that being able to do this is a miracle of our age and it probably gratified her ghost.
i hope it’s not disrespectful to say there’s little wonder why her stuff isn’t published today. her style of writing didn’t fall out of fashion so much as it was yanked down and clubbed to death by thomas edison. orelia was given to soggy, overwrought classicism saddled with prep school invocations of diana and calliope and lebanon.
one poem began “she held life’s dulcimer, and carelessly / brushed ‘er its diapason.” a century and two lines on, and her poetry still had the power to bore. isn’t technology something?
if the revelations had stopped there, it would have been a stirring moment: a forgotten poet was resurrected by at&t, which normally can’t raise a signal much less the dead. but i kept reading. near the front of the book’s pdf was a photograph of orelia herself. here she was, young and beautiful with light eyes, coquettishly glancing back at me across the years from her left shoulder. i could see the nape of her pretty neck. the antique copy the library scanned for the e-book was inscribed: “yours truly, orelia key bell”, and that took my breath away. that actual neck, the hand that drew out that script, were lying here under my shoes. they would be within reach if it weren’t for the deterrents of fire ants and a half-century of decomposition.
i found a contemporary review of orelia by a doughty old south community activist who distributed a handbook to the south’s great literary talents, circa 1906. “[she] is the daughter of marcus a. bell, a man of sterling worth and integrity of character…when general sherman was in atlanta he used her father’s home on wheat street for a stable and his horses ate corn from her cradle… she is truly practical and really enjoys ‘turning a sonnet into a bonnet’… miss bell’s poems will probably not reach the heart of the multitude, for they are too spiritual, too ideal.’” even in her time, a dubious review.
orelia’s book had acknowledgments that read a lot like the gravestones i was standing among. the first was “to the memory of my father, marcus a. bell, in loving reverence.” and there was marcus, two spots to the left of her.
but the longest and the most effusive inscription went to someone else: “ida ash, whose affection and encouragement have been among the chief sources of my inspiration.”
sure enough, there was ida jane ash, lying exactly beside my justly ignored orelia. ida died in 1948, some 53 years after this book’s dedication. the longevity of the relationship was heartwarming.
then it clicked. orelia key bell and ida ash, her muse, must have been lesbians. the idea of a good old boston marriage here in rebel atlanta was scandalous! reading on, i found a poem titled “a word for sappho.” (of course.) it went, “a word for sappho. not to paean / her suicide for love of phaon — . a slanderous myth! research will prove— / not but sweet sappho died of love, / but died as hugo says to do it: / ‘to die of love is to live tho’ it.’” translation: if you die from the difficulty of love, you have truly lived. isn’t that just the sort of sly self-aggrandizing thing a closeted lesbian would say if she lived in old atlanta?
(and indeed, as i discovered when i got home and looked up census records, she and ida had moved across the country, far from georgia’s reach, and settled in pasadena, california, where they lived out the rest of their days in the same home.)
with a little smartphone gumshoeing, i had deciphered an enduring lesbionic relationship hidden in plain sight in the middle of atlanta’s staunchest rebel cemetery. it was like a gay da vinci code! i ran over to the steward in the gift shop to ask him if he knew. even the people who ran oakland had never heard of orelia. he rifled through his guide to oakland’s famous interments. “no. no. she’s not here. where did you say her grave was again?” her anonymity knew no bounds.
“and i’m pretty sure she was a lesbian!” i announced excitedly. a woman sampling the gift soaps seemed to perk up but then, being a southern lady, politely pretended not to have heard while she probably silently raged with judgment. perhaps orelia and ida’s subversive little arrangement had something to do with why the blue-blood citizenry of mid-century oakland had so soon banished them from memory.
orelia might have been forever forgotten, along with her six-decade love for ida, but someone who cared about her long ago had thought to carve four little letters on her stone: poet.
it was the only clue i needed to give me the impulse to uncover a secret story in plain view. sure, maybe i was misinterpreting the clues. connecting the wrong dots is the classic mistake of the historian, but on the other hand, the classic solution for every scientist is occam’s razor, which says the simplest answer is probably true.
or maybe not. how could i tell? orelia herself had something to say about the danger of misreading clues. one of her poems (one of the least soporific, and one of the last ones i could finish without napping), was published in the century magazine in 1891:
in the pauses of her song a singer who lived in a sunny land poured forth a song so full of cheer, the murmurer, listening, forgot his plaint, the mourner, to shed his tear. oh, what a happy lot is hers, said the toiling world as it heard, to pour forth songs as carelessly as joy from the throat of a bird. alas, i said (for art is long: i have trodden its weary way, and know) could you but dream of the struggle and woe that come in the pauses of her song!
these twelve virtually impenetrable lines could very well have been a warning against my assumptions from beyond the grave: you can never assume the character of the singer just hearing her song.
orelia’s gravestone was as deceptive as her singer’s song, but i could be certain of one thing: she would have remained mute if i hadn’t happened to iphone her back to life for a moment.
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update, 6 june 2014: she’s still a secret lesbian. when asked where the famous lesbian poet is, the staff shrugged and asked for a name. in the visitor center log, her entry reads “ophelia.”
categorised in: blog
tags: archives, history, library of congress, necrotourism, tourism, writing
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ˈdeɪvɪd ruθ maɪk ˈwɪljəmz ˈhjustən (ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 27 2013 ˈrisərʧərz æt raɪs ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd ˈsændiə ˈnæʃənəl ˈlæbrəˌtɔriz hæv meɪd ə ðət ˈgæðərz laɪt ɪn ənd bɪɔnd ˈvɪzəbəl ˈweɪvˌlɛŋθs. ɪt ˈprɑməsəz tɪ meɪk ˈpɑsəbəl ə juˈnik sɛt əv dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ˈsoʊlər sɛlz ənd pərˈhæps ˈivɪn ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ˈkæmərəz. ə trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈkæmərə ɪz ə laɪt dɪˈtɛktər ðət ˈkæpʧərz ə ˈrɛkərd, ɪn ˈkɛmɪkəlz, əv wət ɪt siz. ˈmɑdərn ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkæmərəz ˌriˈpleɪst fɪlm wɪθ dɪˈtɛktərz. bət ðə raɪs dɪˈtɛktər, ðə ˈfoʊkɪs əv ə ˈpeɪpər ðət əˈpɪrd təˈdeɪ ɪn ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈneɪʧər ˈʤərnəl ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk rɪˈpɔrts, ɪz beɪst ɔn ˈkɑrbən. æt 300 maɪˈkrɑmətərz, ðə ər stɪl ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt əv ən ɪnʧ lɔŋ, bət iʧ tub ɪz ˈθaʊzənz əv taɪmz ˈlɔŋgər ðən ɪt ɪz waɪd. ðət buts ðə ˈbrɔdˌbænd dɪˈtɛktər ˈɪntu wət raɪs ˈfɪzɪsɪst ˈkoʊnoʊ kənˈsɪdərz ə dɪˈvaɪs, ˈizəli əˈtæʧt tɪ ˌɪˈlɛktroʊdz fər ˈtɛstɪŋ. ðə ər groʊn ɛz ə ˈvɛri θɪn ““carpet”*” baɪ ðə læb əv raɪs ˈkɛmɪst ˈrɑbərt hɔʤ ənd prɛst ˌhɔrɪˈzɑntəli tɪ tərn ðɛm ˈɪntu ə θɪn ʃit əv ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv tubz. ɔl ðə seɪm lɛŋθ, ˈkoʊnoʊ sɛd, bət ðə hæv ˈdɪfərənt wɪdθs ənd ər ə mɪks əv kənˈdəktərz ənd ˌsɛmɪkənˈdəktərz, iʧ əv wɪʧ ɪz ˈsɛnsɪtɪv tɪ ˈdɪfərənt ˈweɪvˌlɛŋθs əv laɪt. dɪˈvaɪsɪz wər ˈiðər ə ˈsɪŋgəl, wɪʧ ər ˈsɛnsɪtɪv tɪ ˈoʊnli ˈlɪmɪtɪd wavelengths,”*,” hi sɛd. ðeɪ wər ˈrændəm ˈnɛtˌwərks əv ðət wərkt, bət ɪt wɑz ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd why.”*.” dɪˈvaɪs kəmˈbaɪnz ðə tu techniques,”*,” sɛd nanot*, ə ˈfɔrmər ˌpoʊstˈdɑkˌtərəl ˈrisərʧər ɪn grup ənd fərst ˈɔθər əv ðə ˈpeɪpər. ˈsɪmpəl ɪn ðə sɛns ðət iʧ ɪz kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ boʊθ ˌɪˈlɛktroʊdz, laɪk ɪn ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənts. bət wi hæv ˈmɛni, wɪʧ gɪvz ˈjuˈɛs ðə kˈwɑləti əv ə device.”*.” wɪθ soʊ ˈmɛni əv soʊ ˈmɛni taɪps, ðə əreɪ kən dɪˈtɛkt laɪt frəm ðə ˌɪnfrərˈɛd (ir*) tɪ ðə ˌəltrəˈvaɪəlɪt, ənd ɔl ðə ˈvɪzəbəl ˈweɪvˌlɛŋθs ɪn bɪtˈwin. ðət ɪt kən əbˈzɔrb laɪt əˈkrɔs ðə ˈspɛktrəm ʃʊd meɪk ðə dɪˈtɛktər əv greɪt ˈɪntəˌrɛst fər ˈsoʊlər ˈɛnərʤi, ənd ɪts ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz meɪ meɪk ɪt ˈsutəbəl fər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, ˈkoʊnoʊ sɛd. ðə ˈvɪzəbəl reɪnʤ, ðɛr ər ˈmɛni gʊd dɪˈtɛktərz already,”*,” hi sɛd. ɪn ðə, ˈoʊnli dɪˈtɛktərz ɪgˈzɪst ənd ðeɪ ər nɑt kənˈvinjənt fər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈpərpəsɪz. ɑr dɪˈtɛktər wərks æt rum ˈtɛmpərəʧər ənd nid tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt ɪn ə ˈspɛʃəl vacuum.”*.” ðə dɪˈtɛktər ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsɛnsɪtɪv tɪ ˈpoʊlərˌaɪzd laɪt ənd əbˈzɔrbz laɪt ðət hɪts ɪt ˈpɛrəˌlɛl tɪ ðə, bət nɑt ɪf ðə dɪˈvaɪs ɪz tərnd 90 dɪˈgriz. ðə wərk ɪz ðə fərst səkˈsɛsfəl ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ə kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən bɪtˈwin raɪs ənd ˈsændiə ˈəndər ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈnɑnoʊ ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm ˈfəndɪd baɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈɛnərʤi. grup æt ˈsændiə dɪˈvɛləpt ə ˈnɑvəl ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈmɑdəl ðət kərˈɛktli ənd kˌwɑntɪˈteɪtəvli ɪkˈspleɪnd ɔl ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks əv ðə. ðə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈprɪnsəpəlz ðət ˈgəvərn ðiz ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ˈɑptɪˌmaɪz ðɛr dɪˈzaɪn ənd performance,”*,” sɛd. ˈkoʊnoʊ ɪkˈspɛkts ˈmɛni mɔr ˈpeɪpərz tɪ spərɪŋ frəm ðə kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən. ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl dɪˈvaɪs, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ˈmɪrli ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər. ðeɪ plæn tɪ bɪld nu kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃənz ðət ɪkˈstɛnd ðɛr reɪnʤ tɪ ðə ənd tɪ tɛst ðɛr əˈbɪləˌtiz ɛz ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ dɪˈvaɪsɪz. ɪz pəˈtɛnʃəl hir tɪ meɪk ril ənd ˈjusfəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz frəm ðɪs ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl research,”*,” ˈkoʊnoʊ sɛd. ər ˈɛrən ˈkəmɪŋz, ə ˌpoʊstˈdɑkˌtərəl ˈfɛloʊ ɪn ənd grup æt ˈsændiə; raɪs əˈləmnəs ˈkɛri paɪnt, ən əˈsɪstənt prəˈfɛsər əv məˈkænɪkəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ æt ˈvændərbɪlt ˌjunəˈvərsəti; sueoka*, ə prəˈfɛsər æt hoʊˈkaɪdoʊ ˌjunəˈvərsəti; ənd əˈkirə iˈkuʧi ənd akiho*, hoʊˈkaɪdoʊ ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts hu wərkt ɪn læb ɛz pɑrt əv ˈproʊˌgræm. hɔʤ ɪz ə dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ˈfækəlti ˈfɛloʊ ɪn ˈkɛmɪstri. ˈkoʊnoʊ ɪz ə prəˈfɛsər əv ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ənd kəmˈpjutər ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ənd əv ˈfɪzɪks ənd əˈstrɑnəmi. ðə juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈɛnərʤi, ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈnɑnoʊ ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ æt ˈsændiə ˈnæʃənəl ˈlæbrəˌtɔriz, ðə ˈlɑˌkhid ˈmɑrtɪn ədˈvænst ˌnænoʊˌtɛkˈnɑləˌʤi ˈsɛnər əv ˈɛksələns æt raɪs ˌjunəˈvərsəti, ðə ˈnæʃənəl saɪəns faʊnˈdeɪʃən ənd ðə ˈrɑbərt ə. wɛlʧ faʊnˈdeɪʃən səˈpɔrtɪd ðə ˈrisərʧ. 30 rɛd ðə ˈæbˌstrækt æt ˈfɑloʊ raɪs nuz ənd ˈmidiə riˈleɪʃənz ˈviə tˈwɪtər rɪˈleɪtɪd məˈtɪriəlz: ˈkoʊnoʊ grup: http://www.ece.rice.edu/%7eirlabs*/ ˈrɑbərt hɔʤ:: grup: ˈprɑpərtiz əv ˈkɑrbən: ˈɪmɪʤɪz fər ˈdaʊnˌloʊd: ðɪs ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən ʃoʊz ən əreɪ əv ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ˈkɑrbən 300 maɪˈkrɑmətərz lɔŋ ðət ər əˈtæʧt tɪ ˌɪˈlɛktroʊdz ənd dɪˈspleɪ juˈnik kˈwɑlətiz ɛz ə, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈrisərʧərz æt raɪs ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd ˈsændiə ˈnæʃənəl ˈlæbrəˌtɔriz. (ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈsændiə ˈnæʃənəl ˈlæbrəˌtɔriz) ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɔn ə ˈfɔrəstəd ˈkæmpəs ɪn ˈhjustən, raɪs ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪz kənˈsɪstəntli ræŋkt əˈməŋ ðə tɔp 20 ˌjunəˈvərsətiz baɪ juz. nuz wərld rɪˈpɔrt. raɪs həz ˈhaɪli rɪˈspɛktɪd skulz əv ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər, ˈbɪznɪs, kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ˈstədiz, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ, juˈmænɪtiz, mˈjuzɪk, ˈnæʧərəl ˈsaɪənsɪz ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪənsɪz ənd ɪz hoʊm tɪ ðə ˈbeɪkər ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈpəblɪk ˈpɑləsi. wɪθ ˌəndərˈgræʤəwəts ənd ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts, ˌəndərˈgræʤəwət ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ ɪz ɪts ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈsɪstəm bɪldz kəmˈjunɪtiz ənd ˈlaɪˈflɔŋ ˈfrɛndʃɪps, ʤɪst wən ˈrizən waɪ raɪs həz bɪn ræŋkt noʊ. 1 fər bɛst kˈwɑləti əv laɪf ˈməltəpəl taɪmz baɪ ðə ˈprɪnstən ˌrivˈju ənd noʊ. 2 fər value”*” əˈməŋ ˈpraɪvət ˌjunəˈvərsətiz baɪ ˈpərsɪnəl ˈfaɪˌnæns. tɪ rɛd seɪɪŋ əˈbaʊt rice,”*,” goʊ tɪ http://tinyurl.com/aboutriceu*. ɪf ju du nɑt wɪʃ tɪ rɪˈsiv nuz rɪˈlisɪz frəm raɪs ˌjunəˈvərsəti, rɪˈplaɪ tɪ ðɪs iˈmeɪl ənd raɪt ““unsubscribe”*” ɪn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt laɪn. ˈɔfəs əv nuz ənd ˈmidiə riˈleɪʃənz mɪz 300 raɪs ˌjunəˈvərsəti, 6100 meɪn st*., ˈhjustən, 77005
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david ruth
713-348-6327
david@rice.edu
mike williams
713-348-6728
mikewilliams@rice.edu
houston – (feb. 27, 2013) – researchers at rice university and sandia national laboratories have made a nanotube-based photodetector that gathers light in and beyond visible wavelengths. it promises to make possible a unique set of optoelectronic devices, solar cells and perhaps even specialized cameras.
a traditional camera is a light detector that captures a record, in chemicals, of what it sees. modern digital cameras replaced film with semiconductor-based detectors.
but the rice detector, the focus of a paper that appeared today in the online nature journal scientific reports, is based on extra-long carbon nanotubes. at 300 micrometers, the nanotubes are still only about 100th of an inch long, but each tube is thousands of times longer than it is wide.
that boots the broadband detector into what rice physicist junichiro kono considers a macroscopic device, easily attached to electrodes for testing. the nanotubes are grown as a very thin “carpet” by the lab of rice chemist robert hauge and pressed horizontally to turn them into a thin sheet of hundreds of thousands of well-aligned tubes.
they’re all the same length, kono said, but the nanotubes have different widths and are a mix of conductors and semiconductors, each of which is sensitive to different wavelengths of light. “earlier devices were either a single nanotube, which are sensitive to only limited wavelengths,” he said. “or they were random networks of nanotubes that worked, but it was very difficult to understand why.”
“our device combines the two techniques,” said sébastien nanot, a former postdoctoral researcher in kono’s group and first author of the paper. “it’s simple in the sense that each nanotube is connected to both electrodes, like in the single-nanotube experiments. but we have many nanotubes, which gives us the quality of a macroscopic device.”
with so many nanotubes of so many types, the array can detect light from the infrared (ir) to the ultraviolet, and all the visible wavelengths in between. that it can absorb light across the spectrum should make the detector of great interest for solar energy, and its ir capabilities may make it suitable for military imaging applications, kono said. “in the visible range, there are many good detectors already,” he said. “but in the ir, only low-temperature detectors exist and they are not convenient for military purposes. our detector works at room temperature and doesn’t need to operate in a special vacuum.”
the detector is also sensitive to polarized light and absorbs light that hits it parallel to the nanotubes, but not if the device is turned 90 degrees.
the work is the first successful outcome of a collaboration between rice and sandia under sandia’s national institute for nano engineering program funded by the department of energy. françois léonard’s group at sandia developed a novel theoretical model that correctly and quantitatively explained all characteristics of the nanotube photodetector. “understanding the fundamental principles that govern these photodetectors is important to optimize their design and performance,” léonard said.
kono expects many more papers to spring from the collaboration. the initial device, according to léonard, merely demonstrates the potential for nanotube photodetectors. they plan to build new configurations that extend their range to the terahertz and to test their abilities as imaging devices. “there is potential here to make real and useful devices from this fundamental research,” kono said.
co-authors are aron cummings, a postdoctoral fellow in léonard’s nanoelectronics and nanophotonics group at sandia; rice alumnus cary pint, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at vanderbilt university; kazuhisa sueoka, a professor at hokkaido university; and akira ikeuchi and takafumi akiho, hokkaido university graduate students who worked in kono’s lab as part of rice’s nanojapan program. hauge is a distinguished faculty fellow in chemistry. kono is a professor of electrical and computer engineering and of physics and astronomy.
the u.s. department of energy, the national institute for nano engineering at sandia national laboratories, the lockheed martin advanced nanotechnology center of excellence at rice university, the national science foundation and the robert a. welch foundation supported the research.
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read the abstract at http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/130226/srep01335/full/srep01335.html
follow rice news and media relations via twitter @riceunews
related materials:
kono group: http://www.ece.rice.edu/%7eirlabs/
robert hauge: http://chemistry.rice.edu/facultydetail.aspx?riceid=605
nanojapan: http://nanojapan.rice.edu
françois léonard’s group: http://www.sandia.gov/nanocarb
optoelectronic properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes: http://www.ece.rice.edu/~kono/seb-am2012.pdf
images for download:
http://news.rice.edu/files/2013/02/02xx_photodetector-web.jpg
this illustration shows an array of parallel carbon nanotubes 300 micrometers long that are attached to electrodes and display unique qualities as a photodetector, according to researchers at rice university and sandia national laboratories. (credit: sandia national laboratories)
located on a 300-acre forested campus in houston, rice university is consistently ranked among the nation’s top 20 universities by u.s. news & world report. rice has highly respected schools of architecture, business, continuing studies, engineering, humanities, music, natural sciences and social sciences and is home to the baker institute for public policy. with 3,708 undergraduates and 2,374 graduate students, rice’s undergraduate student-to-faculty ratio is 6-to-1. its residential college system builds close-knit communities and lifelong friendships, just one reason why rice has been ranked no. 1 for best quality of life multiple times by the princeton review and no. 2 for “best value” among private universities by kiplinger’s personal finance. to read “what they’re saying about rice,” go to http://tinyurl.com/aboutriceu.
if you do not wish to receive news releases from rice university, reply to this email and write “unsubscribe” in the subject line. office of news and media relations – ms 300, rice university, 6100 main st., houston, tx 77005
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kwɪk: ˈkərəntli ˈoʊvər ðə kæp ənd tæks θˈrɛˌʃoʊld. ˈsæləri kæp: ˈləgʒəri tæks θˈrɛˌʃoʊld: prɑˈʤɛktəd kæp speɪs 109 ˈmɪljən kæp): əp tɪ ˈmɪljən, nən wɪθ ðə raɪts tɪ ˈkɛvɪn ˈdʊrənt, kleɪ ˈtɑmsən, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ˈrɑstər kaʊnt: ˈθərˈtin ˌgɛrənˈtid, wən, tu dɛpθ pg*: ˈstivən ˈkəri, ʃɔn ˈlɪvɪŋstən, kwɪn kʊk sg*: kleɪ ˈtɑmsən, ˈɑnˌdreɪ iguodala*, ˈʤeɪkəb ˈɛvənz sf*: ˈkɛvɪn ˈdʊrənt, ˌælˈfɑnzoʊ məˈkɪni, li (ˈtuˌweɪ) pf*: grin, ˈʤoʊnəs jerebko*, ˈmɑrkəs ˈdɛrɪksən (ˈtuˌweɪ) si: ˈdɛmɑrkɪs ˈkəzənz, ˈluni, ˈʤɔrdən bɛl, ˈdeɪmiən ʤoʊnz (ˈɪnʤərd) *noʊt: timz ˈɔfən əˈʤəst ðɛr dɛpθ ʧɑrt θruaʊt ðə ˈsizən, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz geɪm baɪ geɪm. ɪkˈsɛpʃənz ˈtækˌspeɪər ɪkˈsɛpʃən: 0 (ˈdɛmɑrkɪs ˈkəzənz) weɪvd pleɪərz: krɪs ˈbɔʧər (ˈtuˌweɪ), wɪl ˈʧɛri, ˈtaɪlər (kleɪmd baɪ ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bʊlz), ˈdeɪvɪs, haʊs, ˈkɛndrɪk nən ˈtreɪdɪd pleɪərz: nən əˈfɪliˌeɪt: ˈsænə kruz ˈwɔrjərz (ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər kɛnt, koʊʧ ˈɛrən maɪəlz) ˈtuˌweɪ ˈkɑnˌtrækts: li, ˈmɑrkəs ˈdɛrɪksən ˈtuˌweɪ ˈdeɪli reɪt ɪn nba/g-league*: ˈkoʊʧɪŋ stæf hɛd koʊʧ: stiv kər (ˈfaɪvˌjɪr, 25 ˈmɪljən ˈkɑnˌtrækt ˈstɑrtɪŋ fər ˈsizən). əˈsɪstənts: maɪk braʊn, rɑn ˈædəmz, ˈkɑlɪnz, brus ˈfreɪzər), ˈwɪli grin (əˈsɪstənt dɪˈvɛləpmənt), brus ˈfreɪzər, krɪs dɪˈmɑrkoʊ (əˈsɪstənt əv pleɪər dɪˈvɛləpmənt) ˈtreɪnər: dru ˈjoʊdər (hɛd æθˈlɛtɪk ˈtreɪnər), rɪk (dɪˈrɛktər əv spɔrts ˈmɛdəsən ənd pərˈfɔrməns) ˈʧɛlsi leɪn (hɛd əv ˈfɪzɪkəl pərˈfɔrməns ənd spɔrts ˈmɛdəsən), ˈrɑʤər ˈsɑnkoʊ (əˈsɪstənt ˈtreɪnər) ˈbæskətˌbɔl ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz rɪk ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ʧif ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈɔfɪsər bɑb maɪərz ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˈmænɪʤər kərk vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv spɔrts ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər ˈlɛri ˈhɛrɪs əˈsɪstənt ˈʤɛnərəl əv pleɪər ˌpərsəˈnɛl ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkɛli ʧif ˈligəl ˈɔfɪsər, ˈbɪznɪs ənd ˈbæskətˌbɔl nɪk dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz wɛst dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz pɪk swɑps 2019 oʊd prəˈtɛktɪd, ˌənprəˈtɛktɪd ɪn 2020 frəm ˈdæləs ˈmævərɪks (ˈændru bogut*). 2020 oʊ tɪ ˈhjustən ˈrɑkəts ər ˈdæləs ˈmævərɪks (ˈændru bogut*, onuaku*). kæʃ peɪd mæks): 0 kæʃ rɪˈsivd mæks): 0 ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ ˈɔfər ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz fər ˈʤɔrdən bɛl, ˌælˈfɑnzoʊ məˈkɪni ənd kwɪn kʊk. ʃɔn ˌgɛrənˈtiz fər ˌbiˈfɔr ðə fərst deɪ əv ðə 2019 ˈsizən ɪkˈstɛnʃən ˈdɛˌdlaɪn fər ˈdeɪmiən ʤoʊnz. tim ˈɔpʃən ɔn ˈʤeɪkəb ˈɛvənz. ˌælˈfɑnzoʊ ˌgɛrənˈtiz fər kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ ˈɔfər ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz fər ˈdeɪmiən ʤoʊnz ənd ˌælˈfɑnzoʊ məˈkɪni. tim ˈɔpʃən ɔn ˈʤeɪkəb ˈɛvənz. ˌbiˈfɔr ðə fərst deɪ əv ðə 2021 ˈsizən ɪkˈstɛnʃən ˈdɛˌdlaɪn fər ˈʤeɪkəb ˈɛvənz. kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ ˈɔfər ˈdɛˌdlaɪn fər ˈʤeɪkəb ˈɛvənz. timz ənd pleɪərz kən ˌrinɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt ˌgɛrənˈti deɪts. ðə ˈʤɛnərəl deɪt ɪz əˈprɑksəmətli ˈʤænjuˌɛri 10 ˌækwəˈzɪʃənz ˈdræftɪd ˈʤeɪkəb ˈɛvənz 28th*). ˈɪʃud kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ ˈɔfər tɪ pæt məˈkɔ. ˈkɛvɪn ˈdʊrənt ˈɑptɪd aʊt əv ðə ˈfaɪnəl jɪr əv hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt. saɪnd ˈʤeɪkəb ˈɛvənz 2018-28th*) tɪ ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt. saɪnd ˈdɛmɑrkɪs ˈkəzənz tɪ ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈwənˌjɪr ˈkɑnˌtrækt. ˈkɛvɪn ˈdʊrənt tɪ ə ˈmɪljən ˈkɑnˌtrækt, pleɪər ˈɔpʃən ɔn ˈfaɪnəl ˈsizən. ˈluni tɪ ə ˈwənˌjɪr ˈkɑnˌtrækt. saɪnd li tɪ ə ˈtuˌweɪ ˈkɑnˌtrækt. saɪnd ˈkɛndrɪk nən tɪ ən ˈsəmər ˈkɑnˌtrækt. saɪnd koʊʧ stiv kər tɪ ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɪkˈstɛnʃən. saɪnd ˈmɑrkəs ˈdɛrɪksən tɪ ə ˈwənˌjɪr ˈmɪnəməm ˈsəmər ˈkɑnˌtrækt. saɪnd haʊs tɪ ə ˈwənˌjɪr ˈmɪnəməm ˈsəmər ˈkɑnˌtrækt. saɪnd əˈlɑnzoʊ məˈkɪni tɪ ə ˈwənˌjɪr ˈmɪnəməm ˈsəmər ˈkɑnˌtrækt. saɪnd ˈtaɪlər tɪ ə ˈwənˌjɪr ˈmɪnəməm ˈsəmər ˈkɑnˌtrækt. saɪnd wɪl ˈʧɛri tɪ ə ˈwənˌjɪr ˈmɪnəməm ˈsəmər ˈkɑnˌtrækt. kənˈvərtɪd ˌælˈfɑnzoʊ məˈkɪni tɪ ə ˈtuˌweɪ ˈkɑnˌtrækt. saɪnd ˌælˈfɑnzoʊ məˈkɪni tɪ ə ˈmɪnəməm ˈkɑnˌtrækt. kənˈvərtɪd ˈmɑrkəs ˈdɛrɪksən tɪ ə ˈtuˌweɪ ˈkɑnˌtrækt. pɪkt əp ðə tim ˈɔpʃən ɔn ˈdeɪmiən ʤoʊnz. ˌælˈfɑnzoʊ ˌgɛrənˈtid fər ɪkˈspaɪrd ˈkɑnˌtrækts: nən ənˈsaɪnd dræft pɪks first-rounders*: nən second-rounders*: 2002-55th*) ˈsæləriz nən fri ˈeɪʤənts (wɪθ kæp hoʊldz) ˈdeɪvɪd wɛst ˈərli bərd) mæt non-bird*) *dɪd nɑt pleɪ ɪn ðə moʊst ˈrisənt ˈsizən, ˈkænɑt bi ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ə sign-and-trade*. treɪd ˈkɪkərz ˈstivən ˈkəri 15 pərˈsɛnt ˈkɛvɪn ˈdʊrənt 15 pərˈsɛnt noʊt: pleɪərz kən weɪv ðɛr treɪd ˈboʊnəsɪz. no-trade*: nən ərˈinə: ˈɔrəkəl ərˈinə ˈɑrˌkaɪvz kæp hoʊldz fər noʊts ɔn səm əv ðə rulz ənd ən ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən əv kæp hoʊldz, pliz rɪˈfər tɪ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈsæləri noʊts. ˈsæləri ənd tim ˈdætə ʧeɪnʤ kwaɪt ˈɔfən. ɪf ju ˈnoʊtɪs ə dɪˈskrɛpənsi, pliz ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪ ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˌɪnˈsaɪdərz ˈsinjər ˈraɪtər ˈɛrɪk ˈpɪŋkəs. (ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ɔn
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quick: currently over the cap and tax threshold.
salary cap: $101,869,000
luxury tax threshold: $123,733,000
projected 2019-20 cap space ($109 million cap): up to $20.8 million, none with the rights to kevin durant, klay thompson, etc.
roster count: thirteen guaranteed, one non-guaranteed, two two-ways
depth chart*
pg: stephen curry, shaun livingston, quinn cook
sg: klay thompson, andre iguodala, jacob evans
sf: kevin durant, alfonzo mckinnie, damion lee (two-way)
pf: draymond green, jonas jerebko, marcus derrickson (two-way)
c: demarcus cousins, kevon looney, jordan bell, damian jones (injured)
*note: teams often adjust their depth chart throughout the season, sometimes game by game.
exceptions
taxpayer mid-level exception: $0 (demarcus cousins)
waived players: chris boucher (two-way), will cherry, tyler ulis (claimed by chicago bulls), deyonta davis, danuel house, kendrick nunn
traded players: none
g-league affiliate: santa cruz warriors (general manager kent lacob, coach aaron miles)
two-way contracts: damion lee, marcus derrickson
two-way daily rate in nba/g-league: $4,737/$544
coaching staff
head coach: steve kerr (five-year, $25 million contract starting for 2014/15 season).
assistants: mike brown, ron adams, jarron collins, bruce fraser), willie green (assistant coach/player development), bruce fraser, chris demarco (assistant coach/director of player development)
trainer: drew yoder (head athletic trainer), rick celebrini (director of sports medicine and performance) chelsea lane (head of physical performance and sports medicine), roger sancho (assistant trainer)
basketball executives
rick welts — president and chief operating officer
bob myers — president of basketball operations/general manager
kirk lacob — vice president of gsw sports ventures/assistant general manager
larry harris — assistant general manager/director of player personnel
david kelly — chief legal officer, business and basketball
nick u’ren — director of basketball operations
jonnie west — director of basketball operations
pick swaps
2019 — owed second-rounder (top-55 protected, unprotected in 2020) from dallas mavericks (andrew bogut).
2020 — owe second-rounder to houston rockets or dallas mavericks (andrew bogut, chinanu onuaku).
cash paid ($5,243,000 max): $0
cash received ($5,243,000 max): $0
deadlines
6/29/19 — qualifying offer deadlines for jordan bell, alfonzo mckinnie and quinn cook.
6/30/19 — shaun livingston’s $7,692,308 guarantees for 2019-20.
before the first day of the 2019 season — extension deadline for damian jones.
10/31/19 — team option on jacob evans.
1/10/20 — alfonzo mckinnie’s $1,588,231 guarantees for 2019-20.
6/29/20 — qualifying offer deadlines for damian jones and alfonzo mckinnie.
10/31/20 — team option on jacob evans.
before the first day of the 2021 season — extension deadline for jacob evans.
6/29/22 — qualifying offer deadline for jacob evans.
teams and players can renegotiate guarantee dates. the nba’s general cut-down date is approximately january 10.
acquisitions
6/21/18 — drafted jacob evans (28th).
6/26/18 — issued qualifying offer to pat mccaw.
6/30/18 — kevin durant opted out of the final year of his contract.
7/1/18 — signed jacob evans (2018-28th) to a $9,228,703 rookie-scale contract.
7/6/18 — signed demarcus cousins to an estimated one-year $5,337,000 contract.
7/7/18 — re-signed kevin durant to a two-year $61.5 million contract, player option on final season.
7/10/18 — re-signed kevon looney to a one-year $1,567,007 contract.
7/13/18 — signed damion lee to a two-way contract.
7/13/18 — signed kendrick nunn to an $838,464 summer contract.
7/17/18 — signed coach steve kerr to a contract extension.
8/13/18 — signed marcus derrickson to a non-guaranteed one-year $838,464 minimum summer contract.
8/20/18 — signed danuel house to a non-guaranteed one-year $1,512,601 minimum summer contract.
9/5/18 — signed alonzo mckinnie to a non-guaranteed one-year $1,349,383 minimum summer contract.
9/24/18 — signed tyler ulis to a non-guaranteed one-year $1,512,601 minimum summer contract.
10/8/18 — signed will cherry to a non-guaranteed one-year $1,349,383 minimum summer contract.
10/11/18 — converted alfonzo mckinnie to a two-way contract.
10/12/18 — signed alfonzo mckinnie to a non-guaranteed $2,937,614 minimum contract.
10/13/18 — converted marcus derrickson to a two-way contract.
10/30/18 — picked up the team option on damian jones.
1/10/19 — alfonzo mckinnie’s $1,349,383 guaranteed for 2018-19.
expired 10-day contracts: none
unsigned draft picks
first-rounders: none
second-rounders: mladen sekularac (2002-55th)
non-guaranteed salaries
none
free agents (with cap holds)
david west ($1,499,698, early bird)
matt barnes* ($1,499,698, non-bird)
*did not play in the most recent season, cannot be included in a sign-and-trade.
trade kickers
stephen curry — 15 percent
kevin durant — 15 percent
note: players can waive their trade bonuses.
no-trade: none
arena: oracle arena
archives
2017-18
2016-17
2015-16
2014-15
2013-14
2012-13
cap holds
for notes on some of the rules and an explanation of cap holds, please refer to the following salary notes.
salary and team data change quite often. if you notice a discrepancy, please notify basketball insiders senior writer eric pincus.
(updated on 2/8/19)
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ˈdɛkeɪdz əv dəd ˈgaɪdəns sɛnt ðə ˈhəmbəl ɛg ˈɪntu nuˈtrɪʃənəl ˈɛkˌsaɪl. bət wɪθ nu ədˈvaɪs əˈbaʊt ˈrəni joʊks səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ˌsælməˈnɛlə ɪn rɑ ɛgz ɪz ə θɪŋ əv ðə pæst, taɪm tɪ lɪk ðə keɪk boʊl əˈgɛn ˈɛvəri ˈmɔrnɪŋ fər ˈbrɛkfəst aɪ it ə ɛg, ˈɔfən bɔɪld, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz poʊʧt, ər frid. ɪn ˈɛni ˈgɪvɪn wik kənˈsum ɛgz ɪn ˈəðər milz frittata*, suˈfleɪ, ɛz ə ˈbaɪndər fər fɪʃ, ɪn ˈbeɪkɪŋ, kiʃ, kedgeree*, frɛʃ ˈpɑstə, pərˈhæps. aɪ ˈrɛkən ðət aɪ ˈpərsənəli gɪt θru ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bɪtˈwin 10 ənd 15 ɛgz ˈwikli. aɪ du ɪt nɑt ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəz aɪ ˈʧɛrɪʃ ðɛr ˈkʊkɪŋ ˈprɑpərtiz, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɛz ə səˈlut tɪ ə dɔgˈmætɪk ˈgəvərnmənt ˌdaɪəˈtɛtɪk ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt ðət həz pəmpt taxpayers’*’ ˈməni ˈɪntu kənˈvɪnsɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ðət ðɪs moʊst ˈpərˌfɪkt əv ˈnæʧərəl fudz ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ wi ʃʊd riˈstrɪkt, ˈivɪn fɪr. gɛs wət? meɪnˈteɪnd ə ˈhɛlθi, ˈnɔrməl ˈbɑdi weɪt, ənd lɪvd tɪ tɛl ðə teɪl. soʊ fərˈgɪv mi ɪf aɪ əˈplɔd ðə ˈleɪtəst fud ˈstændərdz ˈeɪʤənsi (fsa*) ˈidɪkt ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ðət ˈprɛgnənt ˈwɪmən, ˈbeɪbiz ənd ˈɛldərli ˈpipəl kən naʊ it ɛgz rɑ ər wɪˈθaʊt kəˈlæmətəs ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz, ɛz ɪf ðɪs wɑz səm sɔrt əv ˈθəndərˌbɔlt ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən, ə ˈrisənt əˈʧivmənt. mɔr ə keɪs əv: 30 jɪrz tu leɪt gaɪz, bət ˈbɛtər leɪt ðən never.”*.” ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər fər ˈdɛkeɪdz, wi wər toʊld tɪ it noʊ mɔr ðən tu ɛgz ə wik. ˈfoʊtəˌgræf: ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, ˈæftər ɛgz fər ə kˈwɔrtər əv ə ˈsɛnʧəri ər mɔr, ðə ˈɔθərz əv ɑr ɛg skrɪpt ðət ɛgz kʊd klɑg jʊr ˈɑrtəriz ənd ˈpɔɪzən ju ər ˌdɪsˈmæntlɪŋ ðə ˈflæʃɪŋ rɛd laɪts ðeɪ hæv pʊt əraʊnd ðɪs ˌɛləˈmɛnəl fud ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk maɪnd. naʊ, laɪk əˈfɛndərz pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɪn rəˈstɔrətɪv ˈʤəstɪs skimz, wi nid ðə ˈsɪvəl ˈsərvənts ənd ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ædˈvaɪzərz hu ənˈnərvd ˈjuˈɛs əˈbaʊt ɛgz tɪ seɪ mi ˈkəlpə, ənd rɪˈflɛkt ɔn haʊ ðɛr əˈdhɪrəns tɪ ˈbæŋkrəpt eating”*” ˈɔrθəˌdɑksi sɛnt wən əv fud ˈpækɪʤɪz ˈɪntu nuˈtrɪʃənəl ˈɛkˌsaɪl. hɑrd tɪ θɪŋk əv ˈɛni fud ðət kən kəmˈpit wɪθ ɛgz ɪn ˈoʊvərˌɔl hɛlθ tərmz. ðeɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ ˌhaɪkˈwɑləti ˈproʊˌtin ðət kənˈteɪnz ɔl naɪn ɛˈsɛnʃəl əˈminoʊ ˈæsədz ɪn ðə prɪˈsaɪs prəˈpɔrʃənz rikˈwaɪərd baɪ ðə ˈbɑdi fər ˈɑptɪməm groʊθ ənd ˈmeɪntənəns. ɛgz ˈaʊtpərˌfɔrm ɔl ˈəðər ˈproʊˌtinz frəm boʊθ ˈænəməl ənd plænt ˈsɔrsəz. ˈproʊˌtin ɪz ðə ðət moʊst ɪˈfɪʃəntli ˈsætɪsˌfaɪz ˈæpəˌtaɪt. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈdusɪz ðə səˈkriʃən əv ghrelin*, ðə ˈhɔrˌmoʊn ðət ˈstɪmjəˌleɪts ˈhəŋgər. ə ˈbɑdi əv ˈrisərʧ səˈʤɛsts ðət ɛgz maɪt hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs steɪ slɪm. fər ˈɪnstəns, wən traɪəl faʊnd ðət ˈwɪmən hu eɪt ɛgz fər ˈbrɛkfəst fɛlt mɔr fʊl ənd kənˈsumd fjuər ˈkælɔˌriz fər ðə rɛst əv ðə deɪ ənd fər ðə nɛkst 36 aʊərz. ˈsərtənli maɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns. ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər hɛnz ˈfɔrɪʤɪŋ fər fud ɪn ðə leɪk ˈdɪstrɪkt. ˈfoʊtəˌgræf: ɛgz ər ˈɔfən rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz ˌməltiˈvaɪˌtəmən pill”*”, wɪθ ˈæmpəl ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ kənˈteɪn ˈvaɪtəmənz ə, di, i, ənd ə reɪnʤ əv bi ˈvaɪtəmənz, ɪn sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əˈmaʊnts. ðeɪ ər ˈɔlsoʊ ən ˈoʊvəl ˈtrɛʒər troʊv əv ˈmɪnərəlz, 10 əv ðɛm ˈkælsiəm, ˈfɑsfərəs, zɪŋk, səˈliniəm, pəˈtæsiəm, ˈsoʊdiəm, ˈkɑpər, ˈaɪəˌdaɪn, mægˈniziəm ənd aɪərn; ənd mɔr əbˈskjʊr, bət ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs ˈvaɪtəl micronutrients*, choline*, ˈlɛsɪθɪn, ənd zeaxanthin*. ɪf ˈɛvər ðɛr wɑz ə ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ““superfood”*”, ðə ɛg ɪz ɪt. ənd jɛt ˈmɛni ˈbrɪtənz frɛt əˈbaʊt ˈitɪŋ ɛgz bɪˈkəz bɪn fɪr əv ðɪs moʊst ˈvərsətəl fud, ənd laɪk ˈbɪdəbəl ˈsɪtɪzənz, ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs hæv sˈwɑloʊd ɪt. fər ˈdɛkeɪdz, ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ ˈgɔspəl wɑz ðət wi ʃʊd it noʊ mɔr ðən tu ɛgz ə wik. ðə ɛg wɑz ən ˈərli ˈvɪktɪm əv ðə leɪt fɪkˈseɪʃən wɪθ kəˈlɛstərˌɔl; joʊks kənˈteɪn ɪt. ðɪs ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, proʊˈʤɛnɪtər əv ðə səˈpoʊzədli ˈhɛlθiər ɛg waɪt ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, wɑz ðət ðə kəˈlɛstərˌɔl ðət ˈnæʧərəli əˈkərz ɪn fud ˈkɔzɪz hɑrt dɪˈziz ənd stroʊk. ɪt. ˈæˌkʧuəli, kəˈlɛstərˌɔl ɪz ə ˈvaɪtəl kəmˈpoʊnənt əv sɛl ˈmɛmˌbreɪnz. əˈməŋ ˈəðər θɪŋz, ɪt hilz ənd rɪˈpɛrz ðə ˈbɑdi, səˈpɔrts ɑr ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ˈfəŋkʃən, ənd hɛlps ɑr ˈbɑdiz meɪk ˈvaɪtəmən di ənd ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz. bɪˈleɪtədli, wɪn ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈrisərʧ meɪd ɪt tu ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋli əˈpɛrənt ðət kəˈlɛstərˌɔl ɪn ɛgz hæd ˈɔlˌmoʊst noʊ ˈifɛkt ɔn bləd kəˈlɛstərˌɔl ˈproʊˌfaɪlz, əˈfɪʃəl nuˈtrɪʃənəl ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz wər kˈwaɪətli ˈɔltərd. naʊ ˈʧɔɪsɪz sɪz: ɪz noʊ ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ˈlɪmət ɔn haʊ ˈmɛni ɛgz ˈpipəl ʃʊd eat.”*.” bət ˈɛni ˈdɪlɪʤənt ˈsɪtɪzən hu peɪz əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə plate”–*”– ɪts pɪkˈtɔriəl ˈɪmɪʤ əv ɪts ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ˈhɛlθi daɪət, wɪʧ ɪz ˈhɛvəli ˈweɪtɪd təˈwɔrdz ˈprɑsɛst ˌkɑrboʊˈhaɪˌdreɪt fudz maɪt ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs kənˈklud ðət ə boʊl əv ɪz stɪl nuˈtrɪʃənəli ˈprɛfərəbəl tɪ ən ɛg. ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər ɛdˈwinə ˈkəri, ðə hu ˈstɑrtɪd ðə ˌsælməˈnɛlə ɪn ɛgz skɛr ɪn 1988 ˈfoʊtəˌgræf: braɪən nuˈtrɪʃən əˈpɑrt, ðə ˈleɪtəst prəˈnaʊnsmənt ɪz ðət wi kən naʊ it rɑ ər ˈrəni ɛgz wɪˈθaʊt ˈkɔrtɪŋ fud ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ. ˈmeɪʤər rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn ðə rɪsk əv ˌsælməˈnɛlə ɪn laɪən ɛgz ɪz ˈtɛstəmənt tɪ ðə wərk ˈkɛrid aʊt baɪ ɛg prəˈdusərz. ðə ˈmɛʒərz ˈteɪkən, frəm væksəˈneɪʃən əv hɛnz θru tɪ ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ˈhaɪˌʤin ɔn fɑrmz ənd ˈbɛtər ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən, hæv drəˈmætɪkəli rɪˈdust ˌsælməˈnɛlə ˈlɛvəlz ɪn hens,”*,” sɪz ˈʧɛrmən ˈhɛðər ˈhænˌkɑk. bət wər ɛgz ˈrɪli ˈɛvər ə ˈmeɪʤər, ər ˈivɪn ə ˈmaɪnər, sɔrs əv fud ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ ɪn ðə? ɛdˈwinə ˈkəri ˈstɑrtɪd ðə hoʊl ˌsælməˈnɛlə ˌɛntərˈɪtɪdɪs ənd ɛgz ˈsɑgə ɪn 1988 wɪθ wən ˈsɛntəns: əv ðə ɛg pərˈdəkʃən ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri, ˈsædli, ɪz naʊ əˈfɛktɪd wɪθ salmonella”*”, ˈtrɪgərɪŋ ˈiðər fərst ˈmeɪʤər fud skɛr, ər ɪts fərst ˈmɔrəl ˈpænɪk ˈoʊvər fud, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn haʊ ju si ɪt. æt ðət taɪm, ɛg prəˈdusərz ˈlaʊdli kənˈtɛstəd hər əˈsərʃən ənd ðə ˈpjutətɪv ˈlɪŋkɪʤ əv ɛgz wɪθ fud ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ, ənd tɪ ðɪs deɪ, ˈmɛni ˌmaɪkroʊbiˈɑləʤɪsts əˈgri wɪθ ðɛm. ˈdɑktər ˈrɪʧərd nɔrθ, ə ˈlidɪŋ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt fud ˈseɪfti kənˈsəltənt hu həz kənˈdəktəd læb tɛsts ɔn ˌsælməˈnɛlə ɪn ɛgz, ənd ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtəd 60 ˌsælməˈnɛlə ˈaʊtˌbreɪks ɪn ðə, ɪz ə keɪs ɪn pɔɪnt. wən, ər æt moʊst tu əv ðə ˈaʊtˌbreɪks aɪ ˈstədid ˈkrɛdəbli hæd ɛg ɛz ə source.”*.” hi əˈtrɪˌbjuts ðə raɪz ɪn ˌsælməˈnɛlə fud ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ ˈkeɪsɪz ɪn ðə leɪt tɪ tu ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈkɔzɪz. fərst, ə sərʤ əv ˌsælməˈnɛlə ˌɪnˈfɛkʃən, nɑt ɪn hɛnz, bət ɪn ˈfæktəri fɑrmd ““broilers”*” (ˈʧɪkənz rɪrd ɪn ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪv ˈsɪstəmz fər ðɛr mit). ˌsælməˈnɛlə ɪz wən əv ðə ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd əv intensification”*” ðət dɔg ðɪs taɪp əv pərˈdəkʃən. ˈsɛkənd, nɔrθ pɔɪnts tɪ ðə ˈfæʃən əˈməŋ fud ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz, æt ðə supermarkets’*’ bɪˈhɛst, fər ə ˈblændər, ˈmeɪəˌneɪz: ˈklæsɪk ˈmeɪəˌneɪz ˈrɛsəpi wɑz ˈæktɪvli bactericidal.”*.” ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər fri reɪnʤ hens’*’ ɛgz. ˈfoʊtəˌgræf: ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ ðə laɪn ðət ˌvækˈsinz dɛlt wɪθ ə ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˈprɑbləm, nɔrθ meɪnˈteɪnz ðət ðə hoʊl ˌsælməˈnɛlə ənd ɛgz dəˈbɑkəl wɑz ə ˈklæsɪk fud skɛr beɪst ɔn mɪθs ənd saɪəns. ənd wən əv ðoʊz dəˈbeɪts ˈɛniˌweɪ, naʊ ðət ðə həz ˈgɪvɪn ɛgz ɪts ˈblɛsɪŋ. fil fri tɪ lɪk ðə keɪk boʊl wəns əˈgɛn. ˈivɪn ˈkəri naʊ sɪz: ju baɪ ɛgz ɪn ðə ju kən bi ˈprɪti ʃʊr safe.”*.” aɪ baɪ ɔrˈgænɪk ɛgz ˈɛvəri wik frəm ə ˈloʊkəl prəˈdusər. aɪ noʊ ɪm baɪ neɪm ənd kən lʊk ˈɪntu hɪz aɪz. hɪz ɛgz hæv ðə laɪən stæmp ər nid ɪt. hi həz ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn ðə ˈklɛnlinɪs ənd ˈseɪfti əv hɪz pərˈdəkʃən ˈmɛθədz ənd ˈæftər jɪrz əv ˈitɪŋ ðɛm, soʊ du aɪ. hɪz smɔl flɑk əv grass-fed*, hɛnz ər nɑt kɛpt ɪn kloʊz kənˈfaɪnmənt ənd soʊ ər məʧ lɛs səˈsɛptəbəl tɪ dɪˈziz əv ɔl sɔrts. ˈsupərˌmɑrkɪts ləv ə ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd ˈproʊtəˌkɔl, səʧ ɛz ðə laɪən stæmp, tɪ ˌriəˈʃʊr ˈkəstəmərz əv ˈseɪfti, bət ðɪs min ðət ˈɛni ɛgz ðət bɛr ðɪs stæmp ər ˈrɪski. wɪˈʧɛvər ˌrɛtrəˈspɛktɪv ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv ðə ˌsælməˈnɛlə ənd ɛg ˈsɑgə ju bɪˈliv, noʊ daʊt ðət ɛgz ər mɔr gʊd nuz ðiz deɪz ðən bæd. bæk ɪn taɪm, 92 əv hɛnz wər kɛpt ɪn kruəl ˈbætəri ˈkeɪʤɪz. ˈnaʊəˌdeɪz, θæŋks tɪ kənˈsərtɪd kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ frəm ˈænəməl ˈwɛlˌfɛr grups, səʧ ɛz kəmˈpæʃən ɪn wərld ˈfɑrmɪŋ, ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˈfɪgjər həz ˈɔlˌmoʊst hævd ənd ˈkeɪʤɪz hæv bɪn ˈmɑrʤənəli ˌɪmˈpruvd ər ““enriched”*” wɪθ ˈwɛlˌfɛr ɪn maɪnd. ɔl ðə ki ˈsupərˌmɑrkɪt ʧeɪnz ər plɛʤd tɪ feɪz aʊt ʃɛl ɛgz frəm keɪʤd hɛnz baɪ 2025 ɪn ˈpræktɪkəl tərmz, kəmˈpæʃən ɪn wərld ˈfɑrmɪŋ ˌrɛkəˈmɛndz sɔɪl ɔrˈgænɪk ɛgz fər ðə haɪəst ˈwɛlˌfɛr ðeɪ məst bi ənd noʊ ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl trimming”*” ɪz pərˈmɪtɪd ənd ˈfeɪlɪŋ ðət, ɛgz frəm mɔr trəˈdɪʃənəl bridz əv hɛn, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər pʊt ˈəndər lɛs ˈprɛʃər tɪ ˈproʊdus. keɪʤd ɛgz ər stɪl ruˈtinli juzd ɪn fud ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ənd ˈkeɪtərɪŋ, bət ə groʊɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv ˈkəmpəˌniz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌjunɪˈlivər, ənd nestlé*é, hæv ˈɔlsoʊ kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈsɔrsɪŋ ˈoʊnli ɛgz ɪn ðɛr ˈgloʊbəl səˈplaɪ ʧeɪnz, əˈgɛn baɪ 2025 ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər ˈsupərˌmɑrkɪt ʧeɪnz ər plɛʤd tɪ feɪz aʊt ʃɛl ɛgz frəm keɪʤd hɛnz baɪ 2025 ˈfoʊtəˌgræf: wərθ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ðə ɛg ˈskændəl, wɪʧ broʊk ɪn ˈɔgəst, wɛr ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd ɛg ˈprɑdəkts wər kənˈtæməˌneɪtɪd wɪθ ən ˌɪnˈsɛktəˌsaɪd ˈɔfən juzd ɛz fli ˈkɪlər əˈfɛktɪd ˈoʊnli ɛgz juzd ɪn fud ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ənd ˈkeɪtərɪŋ. keɪk ˈmɪksɪz juzd baɪ ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈbeɪkəriz wər wɪθˈdrɔn, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈlɪkwɪd ɛgz bɔt baɪ ʃɛfs, ənd pre-cooked*, ˈsupərˌmɑrkɪt kənˈvinjəns fudz: ˈsərtən ˈsælədz frəm ˈæsdə ənd sainsbury’s*, səm ɛg ˈsænwɪʧɪz, ənd ˈdɛli ˈfɪlər wər əˈfɛktɪd. ðə ˈmɔrəl əv ðə ˈstɔri hir ɪz: ɪf ðɛr ər ɛgz tɪ bi offloaded*, nɑt ˈlaɪkli tɪ stɪl bi ˌɪnˈtækt ɪn ðɛr ʃɛlz, bət ɪn səm weɪ. ɛgz ər ˈdɛfənətli pɔɪzd fər ə ˈkəmˌbæk, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt həz tɪ bi sɛd ðət θruaʊt ɔl ðə jɪrz ðət ɛgz wər dɪˈspæʧt tɪ ðə nuˈtrɪʃənəl ˈwɪldərnəs, ˈmɛni ˈpipəl, əˈbaʊt ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ ədˈvaɪs, ˈnɛvər stɑpt ˈitɪŋ ðɛm. ɪn ðə wi it ɔn ˈævərɪʤ bɪtˈwin θri ənd fɔr ɛgz ə wik. ɪn ðə 1960s*, ɑr ˈnæʃənəl ˈævərɪʤ ɛg kənˈsəmʃən wɑz faɪv. bət ˈoʊvər ðə pæst 12 mənθs, ˈriˌteɪl ɛg seɪlz hæv ˈrɪzən baɪ 4 ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt grɪm ˈlænˌskeɪp, wɛr mɔr ənd mɔr ˈsɪtɪzənz nid tɪ juz fud bæŋks ʤɪst tɪ pʊt ə mil ɔn ðə ˈteɪbəl, ɛgz, wɪʧ ər soʊ əˈfɔrdəbəl ənd ˈɔfər səʧ ˌənˈbitəbəl nuˈtrɪʃən ənd ˈsəstənəns, ˈnɛvər mɔr dɪˈzərvd ə pleɪs ɔn ɑr pleɪts. ʤɪst θɪŋk əv ðə ˈkɛrɪktər əv ˈkeɪti ɪn ðə fɪlm aɪ, ˈdænjəl bleɪk. ʃi ˈʃʊrli ˈnidɪd ən ɛg, nɑt ə kən əv swit beɪkt binz, jɛt ˈmɛni fud bæŋks hæv noʊ frɛʃ fud tɪ ˈɔfər, ˈɔfən fər reasons”*”. ˈsɪmələrli, ˈwəri əˈbaʊt ˈseɪfti həz dɪˈpraɪvd hoʊl ˌdɛməˈgræfɪks ðə ˈɛldərli, ˈʧɪldrən, ˈpipəl ɪn kɛr hoʊmz ənd ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz əv ðə ˈplɛʒər ənd ˌɪnˈkɑmpərəbəl nuˈtrɪʃən əv ˈprɑpərli kʊkt, ðət ɪz nɑt ˌoʊvərˈkʊkt, ɛgz. ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər ˈkeɪti, ðə ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn aɪ, ˈdænjəl bleɪk, wʊd hæv ˈbɛnəˌfɪtɪd frəm ən ɛg frəm ðə fud bæŋk. ˈfoʊtəˌgræf: fɪlmz læst wik ɪn ˈgɑlweɪ, æt ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl fud ɔn ðə ɛʤ ʃɛf sɪmˈpoʊziəm, saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑn ʃɛf ˈmɑrgoʊ spoʊk əˈbaʊt haʊ hər ˈʧɛrɪti ɪn naʊ fidz ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤd ənd ˈpraɪˌmɛri skul ˈʧɪldrən ˈɛvəri deɪ, ˈɔfən ðə ˈoʊnli ˈhɛlθi mil ðeɪ rɪˈsiv. ʃi ˈstɑrtɪd baɪ ˈgɪvɪŋ aʊt ˈməfənz, wɪθ mɪkst rɪˈzəlts. səm ˈʧɪldrən faɪnd ðɛm swit ɪˈnəf. bət ɪt wɑz bɔɪld ɛgz ðət ðə kɪdz ˈrɪli ləvd ənd ðət gru fʊl əˈtɛndəns æt skul. ər lɑts əv hɑrts əv goʊld ðət kɛr [əˈbaʊt ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈpɑvərti] bət ən ɛg ˈɔlsoʊ həz ə hɑrt əv goʊld ənd ɪz ə lɔt mɔr practical,”*,” ʃi kənˈkludɪd. ˌwəˈtɛvər jʊr ˈkɑrənt ˈstætəs ˈstɑrvɪŋ, peckish*, ˈdaɪətɪŋ, ˈfistɪŋ, economising*, ˈwərkɪŋ, ˈtrævəlɪŋ, convalescing*, ər ʤɪst goʊɪŋ əˈbaʊt jʊr ˈdeɪli ˈbɪznɪs hɑrd tɪ bit ən ɛg.
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decades of dud healthy-eating guidance sent the humble egg into nutritional exile. but with new advice about runny yolks suggesting that salmonella in raw eggs is a thing of the past, time to lick the cake bowl again
every morning for breakfast i eat a runny-yolked egg, often boiled, sometimes poached, or fried. in any given week i’ll consume eggs in other meals frittata, souffle, as a binder for breadcrumbed fish, in baking, quiche, kedgeree, fresh pasta, perhaps. i reckon that i personally get through anything between 10 and 15 eggs weekly. i do it not only because i cherish their near-magical cooking properties, but also as a two-fingered salute to a dogmatic government dietetic establishment that has pumped taxpayers’ money into convincing us that this most perfect of natural foods is something we should restrict, even fear. guess what? i’ve maintained a healthy, normal body weight, and lived to tell the tale.
so forgive me if i don’t applaud the latest food standards agency (fsa) edict telling us that pregnant women, babies and elderly people can now eat eggs raw or soft-cooked without calamitous consequences, as if this was some sort of thunderbolt revelation, a recent achievement. more a case of: “you’re 30 years too late guys, but better late than never.”
facebook twitter pinterest for decades, we were told to eat no more than two eggs a week. photograph: alamy
eventually, after demonising eggs for a quarter of a century or more, the authors of our government’s egg script that eggs could clog your arteries and poison you are stealthily dismantling the flashing red lights they have put around this elemental food in the public mind. now, like offenders participating in restorative justice schemes, we need the civil servants and scientific advisers who unnerved us about eggs to say mea culpa, and reflect on how their adherence to bankrupt “healthy eating” orthodoxy sent one of nature’s cleverest food packages into nutritional exile.
it’s hard to think of any food that can compete with eggs in overall health terms. they provide us with high-quality protein that contains all nine essential amino acids in the precise proportions required by the body for optimum growth and maintenance. eggs outperform all other proteins from both animal and plant sources. protein is the macronutrient that most efficiently satisfies appetite. it also reduces the secretion of ghrelin, the hormone that stimulates hunger. a body of research suggests that eggs might help us stay slim. for instance, one trial found that women who ate eggs for breakfast felt more full and consumed fewer calories for the rest of the day and for the next 36 hours. that’s certainly my experience.
facebook twitter pinterest free-range hens foraging for food in the lake district. photograph: rex/shutterstock
eggs are often referred to as “nature’s multivitamin pill”, with ample justification, because they contain vitamins a, d, e, and a range of b vitamins, in significant amounts. they are also an oval treasure trove of minerals, 10 of them calcium, phosphorus, zinc, selenium, potassium, sodium, copper, iodine, magnesium and iron; and more obscure, but nevertheless vital micronutrients, choline, lecithin, lutein and zeaxanthin. if ever there was a genuine “superfood”, the egg is it.
and yet many britons fret about eating eggs because we’ve been drip-fed fear of this most versatile food, and like biddable citizens, many of us have swallowed it.
for decades, public health gospel was that we should eat no more than two eggs a week. the egg was an early victim of the late 20th-century fixation with cholesterol; yolks contain it. this thinking, progenitor of the supposedly healthier egg white omelette in the us, was that the cholesterol that naturally occurs in food causes heart disease and stroke. it doesn’t. actually, cholesterol is a vital component of cell membranes. among other things, it heals and repairs the body, supports our cognitive function, and helps our bodies make vitamin d and hormones.
belatedly, when scientific research made it too embarrassingly apparent that cholesterol in eggs had almost no effect on blood cholesterol profiles, official uk nutritional guidelines were quietly altered. now nhs choices says: “there is no recommended limit on how many eggs people should eat.” but any diligent citizen who pays attention to the government’s “eatwell plate”– its pictorial image of its recommended healthy diet, which is heavily weighted towards processed carbohydrate foods might nevertheless conclude that a bowl of cornflakes is still nutritionally preferable to an egg.
facebook twitter pinterest edwina currie, the mp who started the salmonella in eggs scare in 1988. photograph: brian bould/anl/rex/shutterstock
nutrition apart, the fsa’s latest pronouncement is that we can now eat raw or runny lion-stamped eggs without courting food poisoning. “the major reduction in the risk of salmonella in lion eggs is testament to the work carried out by egg producers. the measures they’ve taken, from vaccination of hens through to improving hygiene on farms and better transportation, have dramatically reduced salmonella levels in uk hens,” says fsa chairman heather hancock. but were eggs really ever a major, or even a minor, source of food poisoning in the uk?
edwina currie started the whole salmonella enteritidis and eggs saga in 1988 with one sentence: “most of the egg production in this country, sadly, is now affected with salmonella”, triggering either britain’s first major food scare, or its first mass-media moral panic over food, depending on how you see it. at that time, egg producers loudly contested her assertion and the putative linkage of eggs with food poisoning, and to this day, many microbiologists agree with them. dr richard north, a leading independent food safety consultant who has conducted lab tests on salmonella in eggs, and evaluated 60 salmonella outbreaks in the uk, is a case in point. “only one, or at most two of the outbreaks i studied credibly had egg as a source.” he attributes the rise in salmonella food poisoning cases in the late 1980s to two alternative causes. first, a surge of salmonella infection, not in egg-laying hens, but in factory farmed “broilers” (chickens reared in intensive systems for their meat). salmonella is one of the recognised “diseases of intensification” that dog this type of production. second, north points to the 1980s fashion among food manufacturers, at the supermarkets’ behest, for a blander, lower-vinegar mayonnaise: “mrs beeton’s classic mayonnaise recipe was actively bactericidal.”
facebook twitter pinterest lion-stamped free range hens’ eggs. photograph: alamy
contrary to the fsa’s line that vaccines dealt with a genuine problem, north maintains that the whole salmonella and eggs debacle was a classic food scare based on myths and dodgy science. and one of those never-to-be-resolved debates anyway, now that the fsa has given eggs its blessing. feel free to lick the cake bowl once again. even currie now says: “if you buy eggs in the uk you can be pretty sure they’re safe.”
i buy free-range organic eggs every week from a local producer. i know him by name and can look into his eyes. his eggs don’t have the lion stamp or need it. he has confidence in the cleanliness and safety of his production methods and after years of eating them, so do i. his small flock of grass-fed, free-ranging hens are not kept in close confinement and so are much less susceptible to disease of all sorts. supermarkets love a nationwide protocol, such as the lion stamp, to reassure customers of safety, but this doesn’t mean that any eggs that don’t bear this stamp are risky.
whichever retrospective interpretation of the salmonella and egg saga you believe, there’s no doubt that eggs are more good news these days than bad. back in currie’s time, 92% of hens were kept in cruel battery cages. nowadays, thanks to concerted campaigning from animal welfare groups, such as compassion in world farming, the equivalent figure has almost halved and cages have been marginally improved or “enriched” with welfare in mind. all the key supermarket chains are pledged to phase out shell eggs from caged hens by 2025. in practical terms, compassion in world farming recommends soil association-certified organic eggs for the highest welfare they must be free-range and no controversial “beak trimming” is permitted and failing that, free-range eggs from more traditional breeds of hen, because they are put under less pressure to produce. caged eggs are still routinely used in food manufacturing and catering, but a growing number of companies, including unilever, sodexo and nestlé, have also committed to sourcing only cage-free eggs in their global supply chains, again by 2025.
facebook twitter pinterest supermarket chains are pledged to phase out shell eggs from caged hens by 2025. photograph: alamy
it’s worth noting that the fipronil egg scandal, which broke in august, where imported egg products were contaminated with an insecticide often used as flea killer affected only pre-prepared eggs used in food manufacturing and catering. cake mixes used by industrial bakeries were withdrawn, along with liquid pasteurised eggs bought by chefs, and pre-cooked, factory-made supermarket convenience foods: certain salads from asda and sainsbury’s, some morrisons egg sandwiches, and waitrose deli filler were affected. the moral of the story here is: if there are dodgy eggs to be offloaded, they’re not likely to still be intact in their shells, but pre-processed in some way.
eggs are definitely poised for a comeback, although it has to be said that throughout all the years that eggs were dispatched to the nutritional wilderness, many people, sceptical about public health advice, never stopped eating them. in the uk we eat on average between three and four eggs a week. in the 1960s, our national average egg consumption was five. but over the past 12 months, retail egg sales have risen by 4%. in the current grim landscape, where more and more citizens need to use food banks just to put a meal on the table, eggs, which are so affordable and offer such unbeatable nutrition and sustenance, never more deserved a place on our plates. just think of the character of katie in the film i, daniel blake. she surely needed an egg, not a can of sweet baked beans, yet many food banks have no fresh food to offer, often for “safety reasons”. similarly, government-stoked worry about safety has deprived whole demographics the elderly, children, people in care homes and hospitals of the pleasure and incomparable nutrition of properly cooked, that is not overcooked, eggs.
facebook twitter pinterest katie, the character in i, daniel blake, would have benefited from an egg from the food bank. photograph: allstar/eone films
last week in galway, at the international food on the edge chef symposium, south african chef margot janse spoke about how her isabelo charity in franschhoek now feeds 1,400 disadvantaged pre-school and primary school children every day, often the only healthy meal they receive. she started by giving out home-baked muffins, with mixed results. some children didn’t find them sweet enough. but it was boiled eggs that the kids really loved and that grew full attendance at school. “there are lots of hearts of gold that care [about fighting poverty] but an egg also has a heart of gold and is a lot more practical,” she concluded.
whatever your current status starving, peckish, dieting, feasting, economising, working, travelling, convalescing, or just going about your daily business hard to beat an egg.
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dɪˈspaɪt biɪŋ ə ˈtɛrəbəl ˈpiˈsi pɔrt, ˈhævɪŋ bɪn ərˈɪʤənəli dɪˈzaɪnd fər ðə ˈioʊs, ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz ən ˈɪnˌsaɪtfəl ənd ˈvɛri ˌɪnərˈæktɪv ˈɑrtɪkəl əv sɔrts; ənd ˈhoʊpɪŋ vælv wɪl brɪŋ ʤɛf bæk ɪn fər ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈfaɪnəl aʊərz əv (mɔr ˈrisəntli, hi ˈæˌkʧuəli dɪd ˈfaɪnəl aʊərz əv mæs ˈifɛkt bət weɪt ə ˈmɪnət ðɪs? ʤɛf ˈfaɪnəl aʊərz əv ˈpɔrtəl ɪz ən ˌɪnərˈæktɪv ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈstɔri ðət ˈkrɑnɪkəlz ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈpɔrtəl 2 frəm ɪts ˌɪnˈsɛpʃən ɪn leɪt 2007 tɪ ɪts riˈlis ɪn ˈərli 2011 ə ˈfɑloʊˌəp tɪ ˈpriviəs ˈfaɪnəl hours”*” ˈɑrtɪkəlz, wɪʧ hi kriˈeɪtɪd ɛz pɑrt əv ðə games”*” ˈsɪriz. ðə fərst wən hi ˈɛvər roʊt wɑz ˈfaɪnəl aʊərz əv half-life“*“, ənd ɪf nɑt mɪˈsteɪkən, ðə læst wən wɑz ˈfaɪnəl aʊərz əv ɪt wʊd əˈpɪr ðət, ˈfɛrli ˈrisəntli, səm məˈlɪʃəs koʊd wɑz ˌɪnˈʤɛktɪd ɪn ˈfaɪnəl aʊərz əv ˈpɔrtəl ˈdætəˌbeɪs. ju si, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɔl ðə ˈæˌsɛts ənd faɪlz ðət ɪt rikˈwaɪərz, ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən kəˈnɛkts tɪ ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, sɪns ˈfaɪnəl aʊərz wɑz nɑt kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ vælv, ðiz ər nɑt ˈsərvərz, ənd ɛz səʧ, ðeɪ ər kəmˈplitli aʊt əv ðɛr kənˈtroʊl. soʊ, fər ɔl ˌɪnˈtɛnts ənd ˈpərpəsɪz, ɪz ə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən, wɪθ ˈlɪtəl tɪ noʊ əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən wɪθ vælv ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər. æt list θri əv ɪts faɪl lɪŋks ˈæˌkʧuəli sɛnd ju streɪt tɪ ə məˈlɪʃəs ðət ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli stɑrts ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ˈmælˌwɛr tɪ jʊr ˈpiˈsi. ju kən faɪnd aʊt mɔr æt ðə stim ˈfɔrəm θrɛd ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt, ˈpoʊstɪd baɪ potcfdk*, hu əˈpɪrz tɪ hæv fərst dɪˈskəvərd ðə ˈɪʃu ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ (ˌɔlˈðoʊ maɪ ˈhɪstəri ʃoʊz ɪt dɪˈtɛktɪd θri ˈtroʊʤən skrɪpts wɪˈθɪn ˈfaɪnəl aʊərz, æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv mɑrʧ). soʊ, ɪf ju lɔnʧt ɪt nɑt tu lɔŋ əˈgoʊ, səˈʤɛst ju rən ə θəroʊ kəmˈpjutər skæn ˈjuzɪŋ jʊr. waɪl æt fərst, vælv ˈsteɪtɪd (θru stim səˈpɔrt) ðət ˈɛni ˈɪnstənsɪz əv ˈmælˌwɛr rɪˈpɔrts wər ˈsɪmpli fɔls ˈpɑzətɪvz ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtɪŋ frəm users’*’ ˈsɔfˌwɛr, ðeɪ hæv sɪns ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət ðɪs ɪz ə bɪt mɔr ˈdeɪnʤərəs ðən ðət. soʊ, ɪn rɪˈspɑns, vælv hæv kəmˈplitli pʊld frəm ðə stim stɔr, ənd ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˌɪtˈsɛlf həz bɪn meɪd ˌənəˈveɪləbəl, ɔlˈbiɪt ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli, waɪl ðeɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðə ˈɪʃu. əˈpɛrəntli, ðə saɪt ˈoʊnər həz ɔˈrɛdi bɪn ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd, soʊ ˈhoʊpfəli vælv wɪl kip ˈjuˈɛs ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ˈɛni nu dɪˈvɛləpmənts. ˈhoʊpɪŋ ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən wɪl bi klin, ənd bæk ˈɔnˌlaɪn ɪn du taɪm.
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despite being a terrible pc port, having been originally designed for the ios, it remains an insightful and very well-done interactive article of sorts; and i’m hoping valve will bring geoff back in for a possible “the final hours of half-life 3” (more recently, he actually did “the final hours of mass effect 3“). but wait a minute – what’s this?
geoff keighley’s “the final hours of portal 2” is an interactive digital story that chronicles the development of portal 2, from its inception in late 2007 to its release in early 2011. it’s a follow-up to geoff’s previous “the final hours” articles, which he created as part of gamespot’s “behind the games” series. the first one he ever wrote was “the final hours of half-life“, and if i’m not mistaken, the last one was “the final hours of half-life 2“.
it would appear that, fairly recently, some malicious code was injected in final hours of portal 2’s database. you see, in order to download all the assets and files that it requires, the application connects to the official tfhop2 website. however, since final hours was not created by valve, these are not valve’s servers, and as such, they are completely out of their control. so, for all intents and purposes, tfhop2 is a third-party application, with little to no association with valve whatsoever.
at least three of its file links actually send you straight to a malicious webserver that immediately starts downloading malware to your pc. you can find out more at the steam forum thread on the subject, posted by potcfdk, who appears to have first discovered the issue earlier this month (although my anti-virus history shows it detected three trojan scripts within final hours, at the beginning of march). so, if you launched it not too long ago, i’d suggest you run a thorough computer scan using your anti-virus.
while at first, valve stated (through steam support) that any instances of malware reports were simply false positives originating from users’ anti-virus software, they have since realized that this is a bit more dangerous than that. so, in response, valve have completely pulled tfhop2 from the steam store, and the application itself has been made unavailable, albeit temporarily, while they investigate the issue. apparently, the site owner has already been notified, so hopefully valve will keep us posted on any new developments. here’s hoping the application will be clean, and back online in due time.
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ɪn ɪts əˈfɪʃəl rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən ɔn ˈikwəl ˈmɛrɪʤ, ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə ʧif ˈræˌbaɪ həz səbˈmɪtəd ðət ʤuɪʃ lɔ proʊˈhɪbətəd ˈpræktɪs əv homosexuality,’*,’ ənd ˈɑrgjuz əˈgɛnst ɔl ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈjunjənz, boʊθ ˈsɪvəl ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪps ənd ˈmɛrɪʤ. ðə ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən, wɪʧ kloʊzd læst ˈθərzˌdeɪ, wɑz eɪmd æt səˈlɪsətɪŋ rɪˈspɑnsɪz frəm ˈpipəl ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ənd weɪlz ɛz tɪ haʊ (ˈrəðər ðən ˈwɛðər) tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ˈikwəl ˈmɛrɪʤ fər geɪ ˈkəpəlz, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ æst ɪf rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈsɛrəˌmoʊniz fər geɪ ˈkəpəlz məst kənˈtɪnju tɪ bi ˌdɪsəˈlaʊd. waɪl kənˈsərvətɪv rɪˈlɪʤəs grups, əˈspɛʃəli ðə ˈkæθlɪk ʧərʧ, ənd ðə ʧərʧ əv ˈɪŋglənd, hæv ɪkˈsprɛst strɔŋ ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə muv, ˈlɪˌbərəl rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfækʃənz, səʧ ɛz ˈlɪˌbərəl ənd rɪˈfɔrm ˈʤudiˌɪzəm, ðə ənd ðə kˈweɪkərz, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ dɪˈsɛnɪŋ ˈvɔɪsɪz frəm ðə ʧərʧ əv ˈɪŋglənd, hæv ˈɑrgjud ˈstrɔŋli boʊθ fər ˈikwəl ˈsɪvəl ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd fər ðə raɪt tɪ hoʊld rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈsɛrəˌmoʊniz fər geɪ ˈkəpəlz. ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt səbˈmɪtəd baɪ ðə ˈləndən bɛθ dɪn (kɔrt əv ðə ʧif ˈræˌbaɪ) ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən, sin baɪ pinknews.co.uk*, bɪˈgɪnz baɪ seɪɪŋ ðət ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz, ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən ɪn ʤuɪʃ (ˈbɪblɪkəl) law…*… ðə ˈjunjən əv ə meɪl ənd ə female.’*.’ ðə ʧif ˈræˌbaɪ, lɔrd (ˈʤɑnəθən) sɑks wɪl hæv ə voʊt ɔn ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ɛz ə laɪf pɪr ɪn ðə haʊs əv lɔrdz. ɪt ædz: ˈʤudiˌɪzəm ˈtiʧɪz rɪˈspɛkt fər ˈəðərz ənd kənˈdɛmz ɔl taɪps əv dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən, wi əˈpoʊz ə ʧeɪnʤ tɪ ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ˌseɪmˈsɛks riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps. ʤuɪʃ (ˈbɪblɪkəl) lɔ proʊˈhɪbəts ðə ˈpræktɪs əv ˌhoʊmoʊˌsɛkʃuˈæləˌti. ɪt ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈfɑloʊz ðət ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈjunjənz ər əˈgɛnst ʤuɪʃ law.”*.” ɔn waɪ ɪt dɪsəˈgriz wɪθ ə ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ˈmɛrɪʤ, ðə ˈsteɪtmənt baɪ ðə rəˈbɪnɪkəl ˈkaʊnsəl əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈsɪnəˌgɔg (əv ˈləndən), ˈɛkoʊɪŋ ðə ˈrisənt səbˈmɪʃən baɪ ðə ʧərʧ əv ˈɪŋglənd, ˌsəbˈmɪts: ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ˈmɛrɪʤ frəm taɪm ˌɪməˈmɔriəl həz bɪn ðət əv ə ˈjunjən bɪtˈwin ə mæn ənd ə ˈwʊmən. ˈɛni əˈtɛmpt tɪ ridɪˈfaɪn ðɪs ˈseɪkrɪd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən wʊd bi tɪ ˈəndərˌmaɪn ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv marriage.”*.” wət ɪz pərˈhæps moʊst ˈstraɪkɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ɪz ðət ðə bɛθ dɪn ˈɔlsoʊ əˈpoʊzɪz ˈsɪvəl ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪps fər geɪ ˈkəpəlz. soʊ, ðə səbˈmɪʃən ˈɑrgjuz əˈgɛnst ɔl fɔrmz əv rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈblɛsɪŋz fər ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈkəpəlz. ““furthermore,”*,” ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ædz, ər kənˈsərnd ðət ɪf ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wər tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤ θru ə ˈsɪvəl ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni, ˈɛni əˈtɛmpt tɪ ɪkˈsklud ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni fər səʧ ˈkəpəlz, wʊd bi ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈʧælənʤ tɪ ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kɔrt əv ˈjumən raɪts, ɔn ðə graʊnz əv discrimination.”*.” ʤɪst ə ˈfɔrtˌnaɪt əˈgoʊ, ə ˈprɑmənənt ˈræˌbaɪ, ˈʤɑnəθən roʊˈmeɪn, ʧæˈstaɪzd ðoʊz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈikwəl ˈmɛrɪʤ ɔn rɪˈlɪʤəs graʊnz ɔn əˈdɑptɪŋ ə ənd mix’*’ əˈproʊʧ tɪ ðə ˈskrɪpʧərz, ˈpʊtɪŋ ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ɔn pɑr wɪθ ɛnˈdɔrsɪŋ sˈleɪvəri ər ˈstoʊnɪŋ.
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in its official response to the government consultation on equal marriage, the office of the chief rabbi has submitted that jewish law prohibited ‘the practice of homosexuality,’ and argues against all same-sex unions, both civil partnerships and marriage.
the consultation, which closed last thursday, was aimed at soliciting responses from people in england and wales as to how (rather than whether) to implement equal marriage for gay couples, and also asked if religious ceremonies for gay couples must continue to be disallowed.
while conservative religious groups, especially the catholic church, and the church of england, have expressed strong opposition to the move, liberal religious factions, such as liberal and reform judaism, the unitarians and the quakers, in addition to dissenting voices from the church of england, have argued strongly both for equal civil marriage and for the right to hold religious ceremonies for gay couples.
the document submitted by the london beth din (court of the chief rabbi) in response to the government consultation, seen by pinknews.co.uk, begins by saying that marriage is, ‘by definition in jewish (biblical) law… the union of a male and a female.’ the chief rabbi, lord (jonathan) sachs will have a vote on the legislation as a cross-bench life peer in the house of lords.
it adds: “while judaism teaches respect for others and condemns all types of discrimination, we oppose a change to the definition of marriage that includes same-sex relationships. jewish (biblical) law prohibits the practice of homosexuality. it therefore follows that same-sex unions are against jewish law.”
on why it disagrees with a gender-neutral understanding of marriage, the statement by the rabbinical council of the united synagogue (of london), echoing the recent submission by the church of england, submits: “our understanding of marriage from time immemorial has been that of a union between a man and a woman. any attempt to redefine this sacred institution would be to undermine the concept of marriage.”
what is perhaps most striking in the document is that the beth din also opposes civil partnerships for gay couples. so, the submission argues against all forms of religious blessings for same-sex couples.
“furthermore,” the document adds, “we are concerned that if the government were to introduce same-sex marriage through a civil ceremony, any attempt to exclude the possibility of a religious ceremony for such couples, would be subject to challenge to the european court of human rights, on the grounds of discrimination.”
just a fortnight ago, a prominent rabbi, jonathan romain, chastised those opposed to equal marriage on religious grounds on adopting a ‘pick and mix’ approach to the scriptures, putting the opposition on par with endorsing slavery or stoning.
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ˈgreɪtər noida*: ˈɪndiə həz noʊ ˈrizən tɪ dɪˈstrəst ˈpækɪˌstænz əˈʃʊrəns ðət ɪt wɪl teɪk ˈifɛktɪv ˈækʃən ɔn ˈɪnˌpʊts ˈgɪvɪn əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz əv ðə ˈtɛrər əˈtæk, ˈjunjən hoʊm ˈmɪnɪstər sɪŋ sɛd ˈgəvərnmənt həz sɛd ɪt wɪl teɪk ˈifɛktɪv ˈækʃən. aɪ θɪŋk wi ʃʊd weɪt," sɪŋ toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz ɔn ðə ˈsaɪˌdlaɪnz əv ə ˈfəŋkʃən sɛd sɪns ˈpækɪˌstæn həz ˈgɪvɪn ðə əˈʃʊrəns tɪ ðə ˈɪndiən ˈgəvərnmənt, ðɛr ʃʊd bi noʊ ˈrizən tɪ dɪsbɪˈliv ðɛm soʊ ɪz noʊ ˈrizən tɪ dɪˈstrəst (avishvaas*) ðɛm (ˈpækɪˌstæn) soʊ ˈərli," hi ðə əˈtæk, ˈɪndiə hæd sɛd ɪt həz prəˈvaɪdɪd tɪ ˈpækɪˌstæn ˈækʃənəbəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ ækt əˈpɑn ðə ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz əv ðə ˈtɛrərɪst ə ˈpoʊstəˈtæk ˌtɛləˈfɑnɪk ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən bɪtˈwin praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈmoʊdi ənd hɪz ˌpækɪˈstæni ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt ʃərˈif ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæd sɛd ðət "ɑr praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈvɛri ˈstrɔŋli ərʤd ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər əv ˈpækɪˌstæn tɪ teɪk ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɪn rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ðə ˈtɛrərɪst əˈtæk ənd ðə lɪŋks wɪθ ðə ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz ɪn ˈpækɪˌstæn wər prəˈvaɪdɪd tɪ ðə ˌpækɪˈstæni saɪd. ðə ˈpækɪˌstæn praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈprɑməst ˈjuˈɛs prɑmpt ənd dɪˈsaɪsɪv ˈækʃən. wi naʊ weɪt ðət prɑmpt ənd dɪˈsaɪsɪv ˈækʃən," ɪt hæd frəm ˈpækɪˌstæn ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ sɛd lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz hæv pɪkt əp "səm ˈsəˌspɛkts" kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ˈɛrˌbeɪs əˈtæk frəm ˈdɪstrɪkt, ðə ˈhoʊmˌtaʊn əv məˈsud əˈzɑr, ʧif əv bænd ˈtɛrər ˈaʊtˌfɪt ˈɪndiə həz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd məˈsud əˈzɑr ɛz ˈmæstərˌmaɪnd əv ðə əˈtæk. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ bleɪmd hɪz ˈbrəðər ənd faɪv ˈəðərz fər ˈkɛriɪŋ aʊt ðə əˈtæk ðət lɛft ɔl sɪks ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts ənd ˈsɛvən ˈɪndiən ˈsoʊlʤərz dɛd ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri həz prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈtɛləˌfoʊn ˈnəmbər ɪn ˈpækɪˌstæn ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd baɪ ðə ˈɛrˌbeɪs əˈtækərz ənd ˈgɪvɪn ˈəðər həz kɔld ɔn ˌɪsˈlæməbæd tɪ ækt ɔn ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪf ðə ˈfɔrən tɔks ər tɪ teɪk pleɪs ɛz ˈskɛʤʊld ɔn 15 ˈʤænjuˌɛri.
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greater noida: india has no reason to distrust pakistan's assurance that it will take effective action on inputs given about the perpetrators of the pathankot terror attack, union home minister rajnath singh said today."pakistan government has said it will take effective action. i think we should wait," singh told reporters on the sidelines of a function here.singh said since pakistan has given the assurance to the indian government, there should be no reason to disbelieve them so early."there is no reason to distrust (avishvaas) them (pakistan) so early," he said.after the attack, india had said it has provided to pakistan actionable intelligence to act upon the perpetrators of the terrorist act.during a post-attack telephonic conversation between prime minister narendra modi and his pakistani counterpart nawaz sharif , the government had said that "our prime minister very strongly urged the prime minister of pakistan to take action."actionable intelligence in regard to the terrorist attack and the links with the perpetrators in pakistan were provided to the pakistani side. the pakistan prime minister promised us prompt and decisive action. we now wait that prompt and decisive action," it had said.reports from pakistan yesterday said law enforcement agencies have picked up "some suspects" connected to pathankot airbase attack from bahwalapur district, the hometown of maulana masood azhar, chief of banned terror outfit jaish-e-mohammed india has identified masood azhar as mastermind of the attack. it also blamed his brother rauf and five others for carrying out the attack that left all six terrorists and seven indian soldiers dead on january 2.it has provided telephone number in pakistan contacted by the airbase attackers and given other inputs.india has called on islamabad to act on the information if the foreign secretary-level talks are to take place as scheduled on 15 january.
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ju kən baɪ ə məˈkænɪkəl ˈkiˌbɔrd raɪt naʊ ðət həz ˈfænsi leds*, ˈvɛriəs ˈkəstəm ki sˈwɪʧɪz, ənd ˈwaɪrlɪs kənɛkˈtɪvɪti. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, səm ˈkiˌbɔrd ɛnˈθuziˌæsts wʊd tɛl ju ðət ðə məˈkænɪkəl ˈkiˌbɔrd ˈæˌkʧuəli riʧt pərˈfɛkʃən ɪn ðə ˈərli 1980s*. wɪn ˈstɑrtɪd prəˈdusɪŋ ðə ˈmɑdəl ɛf ˈkiˌbɔrd. ˈɛni ˈjunɪts ðət hæv sərˈvaɪvd ˈæftər ˈoʊvər 30 jɪrz ər ˈhaɪli sɔt ˈæftər, bət əˈnəðər ˈɔpʃən. ə ˌwəˈmæn ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən həz ˈstɑrtɪd prəˈdusɪŋ brænd nu ˈmɑdəl ɛf ˈkiˌbɔrdz, ənd ju kən ˈɔrdər wən naʊ. prəˈdust ˈmɑdəl ɛf ˈkiˌbɔrdz ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn 1981 bət ʤɪst ə fju jɪrz ˈleɪtər ɪt hæd ˈmoʊstli swɪʧt tɪ ðə ˈʧipər ˈmɑdəl ɛm. æt ðə hɑrt əv ˈɛni məˈkænɪkəl ˈkiˌbɔrd ɪz ðə ki swɪʧ, ənd ðə ˈmɑdəl ɛf ˌɪntrəˈdust ðə wərld tɪ ðə ˈbəklɪŋ spərɪŋ dɪˈzaɪn. ðə nu ˈmɑdəl ɛf ˈkiˌbɔrdz ər biɪŋ prəˈdust baɪ wən ʤoʊ ˈstrændbərg, hu spɛnt əˈbaʊt ˈsɛtɪŋ əp ə ˈfæktəri ɪn ˈʧaɪnə tɪ ˈproʊdus ðə ˈkiˌbɔrdz. ðeɪ hæv ðə seɪm dɪˈzaɪn ɛz ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈmɑdəl ɛf, raɪt daʊn tɪ ðə ˈbəklɪŋ spərɪŋ swɪʧ dɪˈzaɪn. ðə ˈbəklɪŋ spərɪŋ wɑz ə rɪˈpleɪsmənt fər ˈoʊldər bim spərɪŋ ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm, wɪʧ wɑz proʊn tɪ ˈfeɪljər frəm dəst ənd dəˈbri ˌɪnfɪlˈtreɪʃən. ðə ˈbəklɪŋ spərɪŋ sˈwɪʧɪz kənˈsɪstɪd əv ˈmɛtəl spərɪŋ ˈbɛrəlz ˌɪnˈsərtɪd ˈɪntu ə ˈmɛtəl pleɪt. bɪˈniθ ðət wɑz ə ðət ˈrɛʤɪstərd ðə prɛs. ðə ˈleɪtər ˈmɑdəl ɛm, wɪʧ ɪz ə məʧ mɔr ˈkɑmən faɪnd ɪn θrɪft stɔrz ənd ðə ˈklɑzəts əv ˈeɪʤɪŋ ˈrɛlətɪvz, juzd ə ˈplæstɪk ˈmɛmˌbreɪn ˈəndər ðə spərɪŋz tɪ ˈrɛʤɪstər ðə prɛs. ɪts ˈkeɪsɪŋ ənd pleɪt wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃən ˈmoʊldɪd ˈplæstɪk, wɪʧ səm ˈpipəl si ɛz ə stɛp daʊn frəm ðə ˈmɑdəl ɛf. ˈtaɪpɪŋ ɔn ə ˈbəklɪŋ spərɪŋ ˈkiˌbɔrd ɪz ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt frəm ˈɛni ˈmɑdərn swɪʧ. ˈhɛviər ənd ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˈtækˌtaɪl ðə spərɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈbɛrəl ˈkɑmprɛsəz, ənd ðɛn ˈbəkəlz tɪ ˈproʊdus ə ʃɑrp (ənd laʊd) klæk saʊnd. ðə spərɪŋ ˈpɪvəts ə ˈhæmər ˈəndər ðə pleɪt, wɪʧ hɪts ðə ˈkɑnˌtækt ɔn ðə. ən ˈɛləgənt ənd ˈsɪmpəl swɪʧ ðət ˈbeɪsɪkli ˈnɛvər wɛrz aʊt. ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈmɑdəl ɛf keɪm ɪn ˈsɛvərəl leɪaʊts, ɔl əv wɪʧ ər ˈrəðər lɑrʤ ənd ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt baɪ ˈstændərdz. ðə nu ˈmɑdəl ɛf ˈprɑʤɛkt eɪmz tɪ ˈɔfərz səm mɔr ˈkɑmpækt fɔrm ˈfæktərz waɪl rɪˈteɪnɪŋ ðə dɪˈzaɪn staɪl əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl. ðə tu meɪn ˈɔpʃənz ər ðə ənd ðə ““kishsaver.”*.” ðə həz ə ˈnəmbər pæd ənd ˈɛroʊ kiz, ənd ðə ɪz ə mɔr ˈkɑmpækt ˈkiˌbɔrd. ðə nu ˈmɑdəl ɛf stɑrts əraʊnd 325 wɪʧ simz laɪk ə lɔt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ, ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈmɑdəl ɛf kɔst 600 ɪn 1981 ðɪs ɪz ə ˈbɑrgɪn baɪ kəmˈpɛrəsən. ðə fərst raʊnd əv ər ˈoʊpən raɪt naʊ ənd wɪl kloʊz ˈleɪtər ðɪs mənθ. ðə ˈkiˌbɔrdz wɪl ʃɪp ˈsɛvərəl mənθs ˈæftər ðət. ɪf ju mɪs aʊt ɔn ðɪs wən, hæv tɪ weɪt ənˈtɪl nɛkst jɪr fər əˈnəðər raʊnd. naʊ rɛd: ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈkiˌbɔrd ˈbɪgər, ˈbɛtər,
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you can buy a mechanical keyboard right now that has fancy leds, various custom key switches, and wireless connectivity. however, some keyboard enthusiasts would tell you that the mechanical keyboard actually reached perfection in the early 1980s. when ibm started producing the model f keyboard. any units that have survived after over 30 years are highly sought after, but there’s another option. a one-man operation has started producing brand new model f keyboards, and you can order one now.
ibm produced model f keyboards starting in 1981, but just a few years later it had mostly switched to the cheaper model m. at the heart of any mechanical keyboard is the key switch, and the model f introduced the world to the buckling spring design. the new model f keyboards are being produced by one joe strandberg, who spent about $100,000 setting up a factory in china to produce the keyboards. they have the same design as the original model f, right down to the buckling spring switch design.
the buckling spring was a replacement for ibms older beam spring mechanism, which was prone to failure from dust and debris infiltration. the buckling spring switches consisted of metal spring barrels inserted into a metal plate. beneath that was a capacitive pcb that registered the press. the later model m, which is a much more common find in thrift stores and the closets of aging relatives, used a plastic membrane under the springs to register the press. its casing and plate were also injection molded plastic, which some people see as a step down from the model f.
typing on a buckling spring keyboard is very different from any modern cherry-style switch. they’re heavier and incredibly tactile — the spring in the barrel compresses, and then buckles to produce a sharp (and loud) clack sound. the spring pivots a hammer under the plate, which hits the capacitive contact on the pcb. an elegant and simple switch that basically never wears out.
the original model f came in several layouts, all of which are rather large and inefficient by standards. the new model f project aims to offers some more compact form factors while retaining the design style of the original. the two main options are the f77 and the f62 “kishsaver.” the f77 has a number pad and arrow keys, and the f62 is a more compact 60-percent keyboard.
the new model f starts around $325, which seems like a lot. although, the original model f cost $600 in 1981. this is a bargain by comparison. the first round of pre-orders are open right now and will close later this month. the keyboards will ship several months after that. if you miss out on this one, you’ll have to wait until next year for another round.
now read: building gaming keyboard 2.0: bigger, better, oranger
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ˌɪnˈtɛl ˌrivˈju ft*. 5 ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz əv ˌɪnˈtɛl sɪnˈθɛtɪks ˌɪnˈtɛl wɔʧ dɔgz, ˈæʃɪz ðə leɪk lɔnʧt tɪ ðə ˈjuʒəwəl ˌrivˈju ˈvərdɪkt fər ˌɪnˈtɛl: nɑt ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈwərθˈwaɪl fər ˈoʊnərz əv ˈrisənt ˌɪnˈtɛl, bət pərˈhæps wərθ kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən fər ˈoʊnərz əv ˈsændi brɪʤ ənd (ˈmeɪbi) ˈaɪvi brɪʤ. ðə geɪv ən ˈɛkstrə ˈgeɪmɪŋ pərˈfɔrməns ˈoʊvər ðə ənd ˈrəfli 7 pərˈfɔrməns ɪn ˈrɛndər ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. ðə ˈsəˌspɛkt wʊd bi ˈsɪmələr ɪn ɪts ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənəl ˈstɛpɪŋ, bət wərθ ˈprɑpərli benchmarking*. ɑr 240 ˌrivˈju ənd ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk ˌɪnˈkludz ˈdeɪtɪŋ bæk tɪ ðə (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ oc*) ənd i5-3570k*, ðoʊ ˈɔlsoʊ gɑt ə ˈsɪmələr əˈmaʊnt əv ɔn ðə bɛnʧ. ʤɪst ˈfɪnɪʃt səm əv ɑr ˈeɪˌɛmˈdi fər səm ˈɑrtɪkəlz, tu, bət ti hoʊz meɪk ɪt ɔn ʧɑrts. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈstɑrtɪŋ, ə kwɪk rɪˈfrɛʃər ɔn ˌɪnˈtɛl leɪk ˌspɛsəfəˈkeɪʃənz (riˈprɪntɪd frəm ɑr ˌɪnˈtɛl ˌrivˈju): ˌɪnˈtɛl kɔr ˈvərsəz., spɛks ˌɪnˈtɛl leɪk kɔrz ˈfrikwənsi jɛs jɛs jɛs 630 630 630 daɪˈnæmɪk ˈfrikwənsi ˌɪnˈtɛl smɑrt kæˈʃeɪ ˈmɛməri ˈʧænəlz duəl duəl duəl ˈprɔˌsɛs tɛkˈnɑləʤi+++ praɪs 339 242 168 ˌɪnˈtɛl ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk [ˈvɪdioʊ ˈvərʒən] riˈmaɪndər ɔn leɪk ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər əˈgɛn, ʧɛk ðə ˌrivˈju fər ðə leɪk ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər ˈəpˌdeɪts, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ peɪʤ 2 fər ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz, bət kˈwɪkli ˈəpˌdeɪt hir. leɪk ɪz bɪlt ɔn “14nm+”*+” ˈprɔˌsɛs, wɪʧ ɪz weɪ əv ˈmɑrkətɪŋ faɪn ˈtunɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈpriviəs ˈprɔˌsɛs. fər leɪk, ˈəpˌdeɪts praɪˈmɛrəli kənˈsɪst əv ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə geɪts ənd fɪnz (ˈwaɪdənd geɪt pɪʧ, sˈlaɪtli ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd fɪn haɪt), ˈəltəmətli rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ə klɑk ˈfrikwənsi ˌɪnˈkris. ðət ʧeɪnʤ gɪts ˈjuˈɛs ən ˈɛkstrə ˈkəpəl ˈhənərd ɪn stɑk klɑks ˈoʊvər ðə ˈpriviəs ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən, ðə ˈɔrəʤən əv ˈnɪrli ɔl pərˈfɔrməns geɪnz wɪθ leɪk. ˈkæʃɪŋ ənd ˈfiʧərz ər ˈifɛktɪvli aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ, ɛz ər moʊst əv ðə ˈfiʧərz. wi si səm əˈdɪʃənz ɪn ˌɪnˈtɛl səˈpɔrt (lərn wət ðət ɪz hir) ənd leɪnz fər chipsets*, bət əˈbaʊt ðə stɑrt ənd ðə ɛnd əv ɪt. laɪk ˈəðər, ðə ɪz ˈfʊli ˈviə ənd pɛrz bɛst wɪθ ðə motherboards*. ɛz fər ˈəðər spɛks, ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ə rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn ˈtoʊtəl kæˈʃeɪ frəm ðə ˈdrɑpɪŋ tɪ (ˈvərsəz. 8mb*), bət ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈkipɪŋ ˈlɑrʤli ðə seɪm spɛks ənd compatibilities*. ðə ˈbɪgəst ʧeɪnʤ, ɛz ˈɔlˌweɪz, ɪz ðə hævd θrɛd kaʊnt ənd rɪˈdust ˈfrikwənsi. geɪm tɛst ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi ˈdraɪvərz wər juzd fər benchmarking*. geɪm ˈsɛtɪŋz wər ˈmænjuəli kənˈtroʊld fər ðə dut*. ɔl geɪmz wər rən æt dɪˈfaɪnd ɪn ðɛr rɪˈspɛktɪv ʧɑrts. ɔl ˈəðər geɪm ˈsɛtɪŋz ər dɪˈfaɪnd ɪn rɪˈspɛktɪv geɪm ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrks, wɪʧ wi ˈpəblɪʃ ˈsɛpərətli frəm ənd rəvˈjuz. ɑr tɛst ˈkɔrsɪz, ɪn ðə ɪˈvɛnt ˈmænjuəl ˈtɛstɪŋ ɪz ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd, ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈəˌploʊdɪd wɪˈθɪn ðət ˈkɑntɛnt. ðɪs əˈlaʊz ˈəðərz tɪ ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt ɑr rɪˈzəlts baɪ ˈstədiɪŋ ɑr bɛnʧ ˈkɔrsɪz. ˈwɪndoʊz bɪld 10586 wɑz juzd fər ˈtɛstɪŋ. iʧ geɪm wɑz ˈtɛstɪd fər 30 ˈsɛkəndz ɪn ən aɪˈdɛntɪkəl sɪˈnɛrioʊ, ðɛn rɪˈpitɪd θri taɪmz fər ˈpɛrəti. səm ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrks dɪˈseɪbəl eist*, ˈtərboʊ, ənd ˈəðər ˈfiʧərz pliz ʧɛk iʧ ˈsɛkʃən tɪ lərn ɪf ðət ɪz ðə keɪs. ˈəðərˌwaɪz, fər geɪm ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrks, əˈsum stɑk ˈsɛtɪŋz (ˈtərboʊ ɪˈneɪbəld). wi ˈɔlˌweɪz dɪˈseɪbəl c-states*. ˈævərɪʤ, 1 loʊ, ənd loʊ taɪmz ər ˈmɛʒərd. wi du nɑt ˈmɛʒər ˈmæksəməm ər ˈmɪnəməm rɪˈzəlts ɛz wi kənˈsɪdər ðiz ˈnəmbərz tɪ bi pjʊr ˈaʊtlaɪərz. ˌɪnˈstɛd, wi teɪk ən ˈævərɪʤ əv ðə loʊəst 1 əv rɪˈzəlts 1 loʊ) tɪ ʃoʊ ˈrilˌwərld, ˈnoʊtəsəbəl dɪps; wi ðɛn teɪk ən ˈævərɪʤ əv ðə loʊəst əv rɪˈzəlts fər səˈvɪr spaɪks. kɔr kəmˈpoʊnənts (ənˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ) fər ˈplætˌfɔrmz: ˈkɔrsɛr ˈvɛnʤəns fər ˈplætˌfɔrmz: ˈsævɪʤ ˌɪnˈtɛl 730 ˈoʊpən ɛr tɛst bɛnʧ ˈkulər 1 (ɛr): bi kwaɪət! dɑrk rɑk 3 ˈkulər 2 (ʧip ˈlɪkwɪd): ˈdəbəlju/ ˈʤɛnəl ˌtaɪˈfun fæn ˈkulər 3 (haɪɛnd):: 1080 (evga*) noʊt: fæn ənd pəmp ˈsɛtɪŋz ər kənˈfɪgjərd ɔn ə ˈbeɪsɪs. ˈplætˌfɔrmz: ˈgɪgəˌbaɪt ˈgeɪmɪŋ 7 (ˈpraɪˌmɛri) ˈgeɪmɪŋ proʊ ˈkɑrbən (ˈsɛkənˌdɛri fər ˈθərməl ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən) ˈsæmpəlz frəm ˈvɛndərz boʊθ juzd fər ðə 7700k*. ˈplætˌfɔrm: ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈriˌteɪl ˈplætˌfɔrm: ˈgɪgəˌbaɪt ˈplætˌfɔrm: geɪmz ər ˈjuzɪŋ onpresent*, wɪθ ˈfərðər ˈdætə æˈnælɪsɪs frəm tulz. noʊt: wid laɪk tɪ æd ðə ənd, bət ðɪs wɑz ɪˈnəf fər naʊ. wɪl æd ðoʊz ɛz wi ɪkˈspænd ˈɪntu ˈkəvərɪʤ əv zɛn ər leɪk ˈprɑdəkts. ˈθərməl tɛst ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi wi ˈstrɔŋli bɪˈliv ðət ɑr ˈθərməl ˈtɛstɪŋ ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi ɪz əˈməŋ ðə bɛst ɔn ðɪs saɪd əv ðə ˈɪndəstri. wiv ˈvælədeɪtəd ɑr ˈtɛstɪŋ ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi wɪθ ˈθərməl ˈʧeɪmbərz ənd hæv ˈpruvən ˈækjərəsi əv rɪˈzəlts. kənˈdəktɪŋ ˈθərməl tɛsts rikˈwaɪərz ˈkɛrfəl ˈmɛʒərmənt əv ˈtɛmpərəʧərz ɪn ðə sərˈaʊndɪŋ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. wi kənˈtroʊl fər ˈæmbiənt baɪ ˈkɑnstəntli ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ˈtɛmpərəʧərz wɪθ ənd ˌɪnfrərˈɛd ˈridərz. wi ðɛn ˈproʊdus ʧɑrts ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈdɛltə t(emperature*) ˈoʊvər ˈæmbiənt ˈvælju wɛr notated*, ˈəðərˌwaɪz, wɪl juz ðə daɪoʊd ənd ˈsɛnsər ˈmɛʒərmənts tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə ˈbeɪsˌlaɪn pərˈfɔrməns ˈmɛtrɪk. ˌɪnˈtɛl ˈtunɪŋ juˈtɪləti, ənd ˈmɑnətər) ər ɔl juzd tɪ ˈmɑnətər. ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət ənd ˈmɑnətər mæʧ ɪn ðɛr ˈmɛʒərmənt əv fər leɪk. ɔl ˈoʊpən bɛnʧ fænz ər kənˈfɪgjərd tɪ ðɛr ˈmæksəməm spid ənd kəˈnɛktɪd streɪt tɪ ðə psu*. ðɪs ɪnˈʃʊrz ˈmɪnəməl ˈvɛriəns wɪn ˈtɛstɪŋ, ɛz ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli kənˈtroʊld fæn spidz wɪl rɪˈdus riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti əv benchmarking*. ðə fæn ɪz sɛt tɪ ˈmæksəməm fæn spid, ənˈlɛs ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈsteɪtɪd. wi juz ən ˈridər tɪ lɔg ˈæmbiənt ˈæktɪvli. ðɪs ˈæmbiənt ˈmɛʒərmənt ɪz juzd tɪ ˈmɑnətər ˌfləkʧuˈeɪʃənz ənd ɪz səbˈtræktɪd frəm ˈæbsəˌlut daɪoʊd ˈridɪŋz tɪ ˈproʊdus ə ˈdɛltə ˈvælju. fər ðiz tɛsts, wi kənˈfɪgjərd ðə ˈridərz ˈlɔgɪŋ ˈɪntərvəl tɪ 1s*, ˈmæʧɪŋ ðə ˈlɔgɪŋ ˈɪntərvəl əv ˈmɑnətər, ənd ˈəðər tulz. ˈdætə ɪz ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈkəstəm, ˌɪnˈhaʊs ˈsprɛdˌʃit ənd ˈsɔfˌwɛr səˈluʃən.
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intel i5-7600k review ft. 5 generations of i5 & i7 cpus p2: intel i5-7600k thermals & synthetics p3: intel i5-7600k watch dogs, bf1, ashes
the kaby lake i7-7700k launched to the usual review verdict for intel cpus: not particularly worthwhile for owners of recent intel i7 cpus, but perhaps worth consideration for owners of sandy bridge and (maybe) ivy bridge. the cpu gave an extra 1.5-3% gaming performance over the i7-6700k and roughly ~+7% performance in render applications. the i5-7600k we’d suspect would be similar in its generational stepping, but worth properly benchmarking. our i5-7600k ($240) review and benchmark includes cpus dating back to the i5-2500k (including oc) and i5-3570k, though also got a similar amount of i7 cpus on the bench. just finished re-benching some of our amd cpus for some near-future articles, too, but t hose won’t make it on today’s charts.
before starting, a quick refresher on intel kaby lake cpu specifications (reprinted from our intel i7-7700k review):
intel core i7-7700k vs. i5-7600k, i3-7350k specs
intel kaby lake k-sku cpus gamersnexus.net i7-7700k i5-7600k i3-7350k cores 4c/8t 4c/4t 2c/4t frequency 4.2/4.5ghz 3.8/4.2ghz 4.2ghz overclocking yes yes yes igp hd 630 hd 630 hd 630 dynamic frequency 1150mhz 1150mhz 1150mhz ddr4/ddr3l mhz 2400/1600 2400/1600 2400/1600 intel smart cache 8m 6m 4m memory channels dual dual dual tdp 91w 91w 60w process technology 14nm+ 14nm+ 14nm+ 1ku price $339 $242 $168
intel i5-7600k benchmark [video version]
reminder on kaby lake architecture
again, check the i7-7700k review for the kaby lake architecture updates, along with page 2 for the chipset differences, but we’ll quickly update here.
kaby lake is built on “14nm+” process, which is intel’s way of marketing fine tuning over the previous 14nmylake process. for kaby lake, updates primarily consist of changes to the gates and fins (widened gate pitch, slightly modified fin height), ultimately resulting in a clock frequency increase. that change gets us an extra couple hundred mhz in stock clocks over the previous generation, the origin of nearly all performance gains with kaby lake.
caching and features are effectively identical toylake, as are most of the chipset features. we see some additions in intel optane support (learn what that is here) and hsio lanes for lower-end chipsets, but that’s about the start and the end of it.
like other k-sku cpus, the 7600k is fully overclockable via bclk + multipliers and pairs best with the z-series motherboards. as for other 7600k specs, we’re looking at a 2mb reduction in total cache from the i7, dropping to 6mb (vs. 8mb), but otherwise keeping largely the same specs and compatibilities. the biggest change, as always, is the halved thread count and reduced frequency.
game test methodology
nvidia 376.33 drivers were used for benchmarking. game settings were manually controlled for the dut. all games were run at presets defined in their respective charts. all other game settings are defined in respective game benchmarks, which we publish separately from gpu and cpu reviews. our test courses, in the event manual testing is executed, are also uploaded within that content. this allows others to replicate our results by studying our bench courses.
windows 10-64 build 10586 was used for testing.
each game was tested for 30 seconds in an identical scenario, then repeated three times for parity.
some benchmarks disable eist, turbo, and other features -- please check each section to learn if that is the case. otherwise, for game benchmarks, assume stock settings (turbo enabled). we always disable c-states.
average fps, 1% low, and 0.1% low times are measured. we do not measure maximum or minimum fps results as we consider these numbers to be pure outliers. instead, we take an average of the lowest 1% of results (1% low) to show real-world, noticeable dips; we then take an average of the lowest 0.1% of results for severe spikes.
core components (unchanging)
nzxt 1200w hale90v2
for ddr4 platforms: corsair vengeance lpx 32gb 3200mhz
for ddr3 platforms: hyperx savage 32gb 2400mhz
intel 730 480gb ssd
open air test bench
cooler #1 (air): be quiet! dark rock 3
cooler #2 (cheap liquid): asetek 570lc w/ gentle typhoon fan
cooler #3 (high-end): kraken x62
gpu: gtx 1080 ftw (evga)
note: fan and pump settings are configured on a per-test basis.
z270 platforms:
- gigabyte aorus gaming 7 (primary)
- msi gaming pro carbon (secondary - for thermal validation)
- i7-7700k (x2) samples from motherboard vendors
both used for the 7700k.
z170 platform:
- msi gaming m7
- i7-6700k retail
z97 platform:
- gigabyte z97x g1 wifi-bk
- i7-4790k
z77 platform:
- msi gd65 z77
- i7-2600k
dx12 games are benchmarked using presentmon onpresent, with further data analysis from gn-made tools.
note: we'd like to add the i5, i3, and fx cpus, but this was enough for now. we'll add those as we expand into coverage of zen or i5 kaby lake products.
thermal test methodology
we strongly believe that our thermal testing methodology is among the best on this side of the tech-media industry. we've validated our testing methodology with thermal chambers and have proven near-perfect accuracy of results.
conducting thermal tests requires careful measurement of temperatures in the surrounding environment. we control for ambient by constantly measuring temperatures with k-type thermocouples and infrared readers. we then produce charts using a delta t(emperature) over ambient value where notated, otherwise, we'll use the diode and sensor measurements to provide a baseline performance metric. aida64, intel xtreme tuning utility, and hw monitor (cpu pkg) are all used to monitor thermals. it appears that xtu and hw monitor match in their measurement of cpu pkg for kaby lake.
all open bench fans are configured to their maximum speed and connected straight to the psu. this ensures minimal variance when testing, as automatically controlled fan speeds will reduce reliability of benchmarking. the cpu fan is set to maximum fan speed, unless otherwise stated.
we use an amprobe multi-diode thermocouple reader to log ambient actively. this ambient measurement is used to monitor fluctuations and is subtracted from absolute gpu diode readings to produce a delta value. for these tests, we configured the thermocouple reader's logging interval to 1s, matching the logging interval of aida64, hw monitor, and other tools. data is calculated using a custom, in-house spreadsheet and software solution.
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ə ʤaɪˈgænɪk nu pæʧ wɑz ʤɪst riˈlist, ðə 2017 plænz wər ʤɪst riˈlist, ənd ˈmɛni əv ðə bɛst pleɪərz ər ˈstrimɪŋ ˈrɛgjələrli! ə greɪt taɪm tɪ bi ə ˈstɑrˌkræft fæn. ðə 2017 ˈsizən, ɑd ɛz ɪt ɪz, stɑrts ðɪs wik, wɪθ gyeonggi*. ðɪs ɪˈvɛnt, beɪst ɪn ə ˈsɪti ʤɪst nɔrθ əv soʊl, saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə, ɪz ə ˈmeɪʤər ɪˈvɛnt fər ðə ˌkɔˈriən saɪd əv, ənd ðəs həz brɔt aʊt ðə ˈvɛri bɛst pleɪərz ɪn ðə sin tɪ kəmˈpit ɪn ə rəˈdɪkjələsli ɪˈvɛnt. wɪθ ðə ˈrisənt ˌdɪsəˈluʃən əv ðə timz ənd ðə əˈfɔrˌmɛnʃənd ʤaɪənt pæʧ boʊθ ˈʃeɪkɪŋ əp ðə sin, ˈrɪli hɑrd tɪ geɪʤ wɛr ðə pleɪərz ər æt ˈkəmɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə fərst bɪg ɪˈvɛnt sɪns, bət ˈləkəli hæd ˈsɛvərəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈtərnəmənts wɛr pleɪərz ʃoʊd ɔf ðɛr ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə nu ənd ðɛr ˈkɑrənt skɪl ˈæftər ˈhævɪŋ lɔst ðɛr timz. teɪk ə lʊk æt ðə grups: grup ə, ˈəðərˌwaɪz noʊn ɛz ðə grup əv dɛθ stæts ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ˈhɪroʊ stɑrt aʊt wɪθ ðə wik link…*… wən əv ðə moʊst kənˈsɪstənt pleɪərz ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə geɪm,. ryung*, ˈpeɪʃəns ənd roʊg ɔl fɛl ɪn ðə pæθ əv ə ˈræmˌpeɪʤɪŋ ɛz hi kruzd ˈɪntu ɔn hɪz ˈvɛri fərst traɪ. sɪns ðɛn hi pɑpt əp tu məʧ ɪn ˈɔnˌlaɪn ligz, ˈoʊnli ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə ərˈinə (ˈteɪkɪŋ daʊn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈʤəgərˌnɔt nib ɔn ðə weɪ) ənd ˈluzɪŋ tɪ ˈfɛloʊ grup əv dɛθ ˈmɛmbər ˈhɪroʊ ɪn ðə gæn lɪn ˈtʊrnəmənt. ɪf ðət ɪz ðə wik lɪŋk ɪn ə grup, ðɛn ju noʊ ðət stækt. ˈhɪroʊ smæʃt θru ðə fərst kˈwɑləˌfaɪər. ˈbəni, ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən,. ɪn fækt, hɪz pleɪ wɑz soʊ strɔŋ ðət naɪt, ðət ðə nɛkst deɪ ðə ˌkɔˈriən ˈlædər wɑz ˈsɪmpli ˌɪnˈfɛstɪd wɪθ hɪz ˈstrætəʤiz. ðɛn hi dɪd səm wərk ɪn ðə kəp ənd gæn lɪŋ, ˈkɪlɪŋ ɔf kriˈeɪtər,, stæts, kin, həʃ, 2016 ˈrənərˌəp dɑrk twaɪs, ənd ˈsoʊlər. hɪz wən roʊd blɑk? ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən. ðiz tu hæv mɛt ɪn 4 bɛst əv ɪn ðə pæst ˈkəpəl əv wiks, wɪθ ˈhɪroʊ ˈwɪnɪŋ 2 ənd ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ˈwɪnɪŋ 2 ˈhɪroʊ ɪz ˈklɪrli ɪn tɔp fɔrm æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt. ðət biɪŋ sɛd, hi maɪt nɑt ˈivɪn meɪk ɪt aʊt əv ðɪs grup. stæts həz bɪn ˈbɪldɪŋ moʊˈmɛntəm ənd ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti təˈwɔrdz ðə kleɪmz əv səm ɛz biɪŋ ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst pleɪər ɪn ðə wərld. wɪθ ˈkaʊntləs tɔp tɪ hɪz neɪm, ˈivɪn ə grup ɛz ˈdɛdli ɛz ðɪs bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ stænd ɪn hɪz way…*… ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ ðət stɑps ɪm ɪz ðə ˈprɛʃər æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt. waɪl ə fju proʊz hæv ˈteɪkən səm ˈvɪktəriz ˈvərsəz stæts ɔn ðə nu pæʧ, ˈvərsəz ˈəðərz laɪk dɑrk, nib, ənd (ɔl ɪn kɪŋz), hi pʊt ɔn ə ˈklɪnɪk əˈgɛnst, wɪθ dɪˈspleɪz əv ə dip ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ɔn haʊ tɪ hɪz əˈpoʊnənts. ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ɪz ɪn gɑd moʊd raɪt naʊ. ɛz ˈmɛnʃənd əˈbəv, ˈhɪroʊ ɪz ˈkipɪŋ əp wɪθ ɪm. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈəðər pleɪər hum wi kən seɪ ðət əˈbaʊt ɪz ðə ˈgreɪtəst, dɑrk. ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ɪz ðə ˈmɑnstər əv ðɪs ˈtʊrnəmənt, meɪk noʊ daʊt əˈbaʊt ɪt. tɪ ədˈvæns: ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən, stæts. ˈɑnəstli, ðɪs grup ɪz ˈnɪrli ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ prɪˈdɪkt. ɪt ɪz ə ˈmægnəˌtud ˈhɑrdər ðən ˈɛvəri ˈəðər grup ɪn ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt, ənd ju kən ˈizəli ɪkˈspɛkt fər boʊθ ðə pleɪərz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt aʊt tɪ meɪk ɪt tɪ æt list ðə semi-finals*. grup bi zɛst trəst su ðɪs grup lʊks streɪt ˈfɔrwərd ɪˈnəf, ənd ɪt ɪz. zɛst həz bɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ kwaɪt strɔŋ soʊ fɑr ɔn ðə nu pæʧ, ˈmɪksɪŋ əp hɪz pleɪ ə fɛr əˈmaʊnt ənd ʃoʊɪŋ hɪz ˈstændərd krɪsp ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən ɪn ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ hi dɪz. hɪz ˈvərsəz lʊks əˈspɛʃəli on-point*, ˈhævɪŋ pleɪd ə ˈkəpəl əv fænˈtæstɪk geɪmz ˈdʊrɪŋ ɪˈdɪʃən əv kɪŋz əˈgɛnst tru ənd elazer*. su, ðə 4 taɪm koʊd ɛs ˈrənərˌəp, ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ ɪn tɔp fɔrm ɛz wɛl. hi həz ˈstɑrtɪd ˈstrimɪŋ ˈrɛgjələrli sɪns hɪz tim, ˈtɛləkɑm dɪsˈbændɪd, ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ hi həz ˈrɪli bɪn ʃoʊɪŋ haʊ ɪt ɪz ðət hi həz gɔn soʊ dip soʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz ɪn ðə ˈhɑrdəst ˈtʊrnəmənt. hi hæv ðə ˈiziəst ˈʤərni θru ðə kˈwɑləˌfaɪərz, ˈhævɪŋ tɪ pleɪ ɔl 3 deɪz tɪ ɛnd əp kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ fər ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt, bət hi stɪl lʊkt ɛz strɔŋ ɛz kən bi ɪn ðə geɪmz broadcasted*. trəst hæd ə strɔŋ kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃən mæʧ, ˈbitɪŋ taɪ tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈɪntu ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt, bət lʊkt tu hɑt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðət wən naɪt. bɪn ˈrækɪŋ əp ˈlɔsɪz əˈgɛnst ˈlɛsər proʊz, ənd lʊkt kwaɪt ɛz strɔŋ ɪn kəmˈpɛrəsən tɪ ðə rɛst əv ðə fild ɛz hi dɪd ˈɔlˌmoʊst jɪr əˈgoʊ. lʊkt ʤɪst fænˈtæstɪk ɔn ðə fərst kˈwɑləˌfaɪər deɪ əv, ˈbitɪŋ ðə laɪks əv taɪ ənd drim, ˌbiˈfɔr daɪɪŋ tɪ səm ʃɑrp ˈtaɪmɪŋ əˈtæks frəm ðə hɪmˈsɛlf, ˈklæsɪk. ɔn hɪz ˈsɛkənd traɪ meɪd ɪt ðoʊ, ˈbitɪŋ, ˈskɑrlɪt ənd ˈfɔrteɪ ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəlz. tɪ ədˈvæns: zɛst, su lʊkt gʊd, ʃʊr, bət su simz ˈhaɪli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt. wɪn ər luz, su ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ fænˈtæstɪk. wɪn hi hɪts ðət ˈɔˌflaɪn ərˈinə ənd taɪm tɪ preform*, ɪts hɑrd tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ɪm ˈluzɪŋ 2 ˈmæʧɪz ɪn ðɪs grup. grup si dɑrk ˈklæsɪk dɑrk, ˈæftər ə ˈdɑməˌneɪtɪŋ 2016 rɪˈmeɪnz ɔn tɔp əv ðə reɪs. ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən, ˈhɪroʊ ənd ˈpərsɪnəl ˈvərsəz ˈnɛməsɪs ˈsoʊlər ər ðə ˈoʊnli pleɪərz hu sim ɛz ɪf ðeɪ kən faɪt ˈvərsəz hɪz pleɪ æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt. ɛz wɪθ ˈɛni ˈtʊrnəmənt ðət hi ˈɛnərz, dɑrk ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli ə ˈfeɪvərɪt tɪ teɪk ɪt daʊn. ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈʧæmpiən həz hæd ə ˈrɪli rəf taɪm ɪn 2016 ʤɪst ˈgɪtɪŋ sˈlɔtərd wɪn ðə ˈprɛʃər ɪz ɔn. tɪ bi ˈɑnəst, aɪ θɔt hi wʊd ˌriˈtaɪər sun ˈæftər hɪz ˈfaɪnəlz əv ə ˈnɪrli 100 wən geɪm əˈgɛnst ðə 2 taɪm wərld ˈʧæmpiən ɛoʊɛs. ɪt wɑz wən əv ðə moʊst ˈkrəʃɪŋ dɪˈfits ðət aɪ hæv ˈɛvər ˈwɪtnəst, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈfrəˌstreɪtɪŋ jɪr əv nɑt ˈrɪli ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ dən. ɔn ðoʊ, ənd həz pʊt aʊt səm kənˈvɪnsɪŋli strɔŋ pleɪ sɪns ðə nu pæʧ həz ˈəʃərd ɪn ðə 2017 ˈsizən. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpərsən ɪn weɪ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kˈwɑləˌfaɪərz wɑz, ɪn fækt, ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən, hum ɔˈrɛdi ˈmɛnʃənd ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə bɛst pleɪər ɪn ðə wərld raɪt naʊ. ɔn ðə fərst deɪ hi hɪt ɪm ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd, goʊɪŋ daʊn ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɛkənd kˈwɑləˌfaɪər ˈizəli dɪˈspæʧt ðə strəˈtiʤɪk frənt laɪn əv ɪn həʃ ənd ˈpeɪʃəns, ə ˈdɛstɪnd tɪ bi ɔn tɔp əv ðə wərld wɪθ hɪz ˈkɑrənt moʊˈmɛntəm ˌbiˈfɔr wəns əˈgɛn ˈhɪtɪŋ ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ənd goʊɪŋ daʊn ˈləkəli fər, ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ wɪn ən əˈdɪʃənəl raʊnd ˈæftər hɪz dɪˈfit ənd kˈwɑləˌfaɪ θru. wɪˈθaʊt ðɪs ˈroʊdˌblɑk, ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd hɪz nɛkst deɪ əv pleɪ ˈluzɪŋ ˈoʊnli ə ˈsɪŋgəl geɪm ɔn hɪz weɪ tɪ. ɛz lɔŋ ɛz əˈvɔɪdz ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ə ril ʧæns ðət hi kʊd meɪk ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈhæpən. həz bɪn ɪkˈstrimli kwaɪət ˈrisəntli. hɪz 2016 wɑz nɑt ɪn ðə seɪm ˈjunəˌvərs ɛz hɪz 2015 ˈrɪli ˈhævɪŋ dən ˈnəθɪŋ əv noʊt. hi kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ flaɪ ˈəndər ðə ˈreɪˌdɑr goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu gyeonggi*, ˈhævɪŋ ˈoʊnli pleɪd ðə kˈwɑləˌfaɪərz ənd nɑt məʧ ɛls. ˈrɪli hɑrd tɪ pʊt ˈɛni ril ˈreɪtɪŋ ər ˈvælju ɔn raɪt naʊ, ɛz hi ʤɪst ʃoʊn ðət məʧ. ˈklæsɪk, ɛz ˈɔlˌweɪz, ɪz biɪŋ hɪz kwaɪət ənd ˈdɑməˌneɪtɪŋ sɛlf. bɪn duɪŋ ˈprɪti wɛl əˈgɛnst ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ənd ˈhɪroʊ, ənd luz ə geɪm sˈmæʃɪŋ θru ðə fərst kˈwɑləˌfaɪər. ðə wən θɪŋ ðət meɪks mi ˈnərvəs əˈbaʊt ɪm ɪz ðət hi ʃoʊd əp ɪn kɪŋz əˈgɛnst ˈsoʊlər, dɪˈspleɪɪŋ ə ˈkɛriər bɪld ðət ˈsərtənli wʊd hæv bɪn strɔŋ ə wik tɪ 10 deɪz praɪər, bət wɑz wik wɪn hi pleɪd ɪt. stɪl, hi ɪz ðə fər ə ˈrizən. tɪ ədˈvæns: dɑrk, ˈizəli. ˈklæsɪk ɪn pleɪs. həz bɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈvɛri strɔŋ, bət ˈklæsɪk ˈnɔrməli ˈivɪn sloʊ hɪz peɪs ənˈtɪl æt list tɔp 4 ɪn ə ˈtʊrnəmənt. ɪz ə waɪld ənˈnoʊn; wɪl hi kəm bæk ɪn ˈbrɛθˌteɪkɪŋ ˈfæʃən? ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ɪt, bət həz ʃoʊn noʊ ˈɛvədəns əv ə traɪˈəmfənt rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈstætəs. grup di bjən ˈsoʊlər əˈnəðər ˈkreɪzəli stækt grup ɪn ə ˈtʊrnəmənt əv ˈkreɪzəli stækt grups. tɪ stɑrt ɔf wi hæv ðə 2016 wərld ˈʧæmpiən ənd ˈækʧəwəl pleɪər əv ðə jɪr bjən. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈrizən tɪ θɪŋk ðət bjən wɪl nɑt kənˈtɪnju tɪ pʊt aʊt hɪz tɔp ɛnd pleɪ ənd bi ə ril kənˈtɛndər tɪ wɪn ðɪs ˈtʊrnəmənt. ʤɪst ðɪs wik hi tʊk daʊn ðə wərld ˈsaɪbər ərˈinə, ənd kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ˈdɑməˌneɪt ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn kəps ðət hi ˈɛnərz. bjən ɪz ˈtərnɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ril stɑk ɛz fɑr ɛz ˈstɑrˌkræft proʊz goʊ. ˈmɛni fænz ˈprɑbəˌbli noʊ ðə list əˈbaʊt, ə ʧaɪˈniz hu ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ raɪz tɪ ˈprɑmənəns ɪn 2014 hi həz ə lɔŋ strɪŋ əv wɪnz ənd haɪ ˈfɪnɪʃɪz ɪn ˈtərnəmənts wɪʧ ər nɑt ˈnɔrməli peɪd ˈɛni əˈtɛnʃən tɪ baɪ ðə wɛst, bət ˌnənðəˈlɛs ʃoʊ ə lɔt əv skɪl ɔn pɑrt. ˈæˌkʧuəli ə ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈəndərˌdɔg ɪn ðɪs grup, pleɪɪŋ ə ˈdɪfərənt staɪl ðən moʊst ɪn ˈvərsəz. dɪˈfitɪd ˈbəni ˈhændəli ˈkrəʃɪŋ hɪz 3 ˈbɛrəks ˈripər ˈrəʃɪz (ə ˈstrætəʤi ðət bjən ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli noʊn fər), ˈfɑloʊɪŋ əp wɪθ lɑts əv ˈəpˌgreɪdɪd ˈroʊʧɪz ənd ravagers*. ðɪs taɪp əv staɪl kʊd hæv səm səkˈsɛs ˈvərsəz ðə əˈgrɛsɪv, ˈduoʊ əv bjən ənd. rəˈgɑrdləs, ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvɛri təf grup, ənd ɪt wʊd bi ə juʤ dil ɪf wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈɪntu ðə raʊnd əv 8 hæd ə təf 2016 dɪˈspaɪt ˈreɪnɪŋ ɛz ðə kɪŋ əv, wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ meɪk ɪt dip ɪn ˈɛni əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈtərnəmənts, ənd ðəs mɪst aʊt ɔn hɪz ʧæns tɪ pleɪ æt. biɪŋ ɔn ðə læst rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˌkɔˈriən tim, ʤɪn ɛr greenwings*, wi prɪˈdɪktəbli sin bɪˈgɪn ˈstrimɪŋ ər ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ əˈdɪʃənəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn ligz laɪk ðə rɛst əv hɪz pɪrz. ɔl wi hæv tɪ goʊ ɔf əv fər raɪt naʊ ɪz hɪz kˈwɑləˌfaɪər rən, wɪʧ wɑz wən əv ðə list ˈprɪti əv ˈɛni hu kˈwɑləˌfaɪd tɪ pleɪ ɪn ðɪs. ɪt tʊk ɔl 3 kˈwɑləˌfaɪərz, ˈluzɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈtaɪwɑˈniz pleɪər sɛl ɪn raʊnd 1 əv ðə noʊˈvɛmbər kwɑl, ənd tɪ ˈfɔrteɪ, ə ˈrɛgjələrli kənˈsɪdərd fɑr bɪˈloʊ ɪn ðə raʊnd əv ðə noʊˈvɛmbər kwɑl. ɪn ðə ˈvɛri læst wən, ˈfaɪnəli meɪd ɪt tɪ ðə kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ mæʧ, wɛr hi feɪst ɔf əv ðə 1 ˈʧizər ɪn ðə wərld, həz. ɪn ə waɪld ˈsɪriz wɪʧ ˈstɑrtɪd ɔf wɪθ ən ˈækʧəwəl drɔ ɪn geɪm ˈnəmbər 1 həz kəmˈplitli aʊt ɪn ðɛr ˈfaɪnəl geɪm, ˈlʊkɪŋ laɪk hi wʊd ˈʃʊrli wɪn hɪz ˈbrækɪt. ˈsəmˌhaʊ həz meɪd ðə ˈbɪgəst θroʊ əv 2016 ənd θru. frəm wət sin (wɪʧ, ædˈmɪtɪdli məʧ), ə bɪg kənˈtɛndər fər ðɪs ˈtʊrnəmənt. ˈsoʊlər ɪz ɔn ə ˈhitər. pleɪs ɪn ˌkɔˈriə 2016 wɑz ˈoʊnli sloʊd baɪ hɪz pur ʃoʊɪŋ, bət sɪns ðə nu pæʧ lʊkt tɪ bi ɪn tɔp fɔrm. ˈluzɪŋ ʤɪst wən mæp (ɪn ə zvz*, ˌnənðəˈlɛs) ɪn ðə fərst kˈwɑləˌfaɪər, ˈsoʊlər həz ˈrisəntli ˈbitən ðə ˈoʊnli ˈklɪrli əˈbəv ɪm ɪn dɑrk, ənd wɛnt ɔn ə 5 wɪn strik ˈʃoʊkeɪsɪŋ ˌɪˈmɛns skɪl ɪn kɪŋz dɪˈsɛmbər. aɪ ˈrɪli θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz ðə jɪr wɛr ˈsoʊlər ˈtruli ˈsɛpərˌeɪts hɪmˈsɛlf frəm ðə kraʊd ənd gɪts ˈmɛnʃənd əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ðə laɪks əv zɛst, dɑrk, ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ənd taɪ. tɪ ədˈvæns: bjən, ˈsoʊlər. ʤɪst sim ə bɪt bɪˈloʊ ðiz tu æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt. ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ˌkɔˈriə ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt aʊt əv ðɪs grup wʊd bi ə ˈwəndərfəl ˈəpˌsɛt tɪ stɑrt ɔf ðə 2017 ˈsizən wɪθ, bət nɑt wən ðət wi ʃʊd ɪkˈspɛkt. ɔl ɪn ɔl, ðɪs ˈtʊrnəmənt ɪz əˈbaʊt ɛz haɪ ɛnd ɛz ju kʊd hoʊp fər. wɪθ 5 deɪz əv ˈækʃən ˈkəmɪŋ əp, gɛs hu wɪl wɪn. maɪ ɔn ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən.
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a gigantic new patch was just released, the wcs 2017 plans were just released, and many of the world’s best players are streaming regularly! it’s a great time to be a starcraft ii fan. the 2017 season, odd as it is, starts this week, with iem gyeonggi. this event, based in a city just north of seoul, south korea, is a major event for the korean side of wcs, and thus has brought out the very best players in the scene to compete in a ridiculously star-studded event. with the recent dissolution of the kespa teams and the aforementioned giant patch both shaking up the scene, it’s really hard to gauge where the players are at coming into the first big event since blizzcon, but luckily we’ve had several online tournaments where players showed off their understanding of the new metagame and their current skill after having lost their teams. let’s take a look at the groups:
group a, otherwise known as the group of death
stats
innovation
losira
hero
let’s start out with the weak link… one of the most consistent players in the history of the game, losira. ryung, patience and rogue all fell in the path of a rampaging losira as he cruised into iem on his very first try. since then he hasn’t popped up too much in online leagues, only winning the streamme arena (taking down american juggernaut neeb 3-0 on the way) , and losing to fellow group of death member hero 1-2 in the shang gan lin tournament. if that is the weak link in a group, then you know that it’s stacked.
hero smashed through the first iem qualifier. 2-1 bunny, 2-0 innovation, 2-1 byul. in fact, his play was so strong that night, that the next day the korean ladder was simply infested with his strategies. then he did some work in the leifeng cup and shang gan ling, killing off creator, leenock, stats, keen, hush, 2016 blizzcon runner-up dark twice, and solar. his one road block? innovation. these two have met in 4 best of 3’s in the past couple of weeks, with hero winning 2 and innovation winning 2. hero is clearly in top form at the moment. that being said, he might not even make it out of this group.
stats has been building momentum and credibility towards the claims of some as being the strongest protoss player in the world. with countless top 4’s to his name, even a group as deadly as this shouldn’t be able to stand in his way… the only thing that stops him is the pressure at the end of the tournament. while a few top-end pros have taken some victories vs stats on the new patch, vs others like dark, neeb, snute and gumiho (all in shoutcraft kings), he put on a clinic against, with displays of a deep fundamental understanding on how to out-play his opponents.
innovation is in god mode right now. as mentioned above, hero is keeping up with him. the only other player whom we can say that about is the world’s greatest zerg, dark. innovation is the monster of this tournament, make no doubt about it.
to advance:
innovation, stats. honestly, this group is nearly impossible to predict. it is a magnitude harder than every other group in the tournament, and you can easily expect for both the players making it out to make it to at least the semi-finals.
group b
zest
leenock
trust
soo
this group looks straight forward enough, and it is. zest has been looking quite strong so far on the new patch, mixing up his play a fair amount and showing his standard crisp execution in everything he does. his protoss vs zerg looks especially on-point, having played a couple of fantastic games during december’s edition of shoutcraft kings against true and elazer.
soo, the 4 time gsl code s runner-up, is looking in top form as well. he has started streaming regularly since his team, sk telecom t1 disbanded, during which he has really been showing how it is that he has gone so deep so many times in the world’s hardest tournament. he didn’t have the easiest journey through the iem qualifiers, having to play all 3 days to end up qualifying for the tournament, but he still looked as strong as can be in the games broadcasted.
trust had a strong qualification match, beating ty to make it into the tournament, but hasn’t looked too hot outside of that one night. he’s been wracking up losses against lesser pros, and hasn’t looked quite as strong in comparison to the rest of the field as he did almost year ago.
leenock looked just fantastic on the first qualifier day of iem, beating the likes of ty and dream, before dying to some sharp timing attacks from the wintoss himself, classic. on his second try leenock made it though, beating gumiho, scarlett and forte in the finals.
to advance:
zest, soo
leenock looked good, sure, but soo seems highly motivated at the moment. win or lose, soo is looking fantastic. when he hits that offline arena and it’s time to preform, its hard to imagine him losing 2 matches in this group.
group c
dark
jjakji
byul
classic
dark, after a dominating 2016, remains on top of the zerg race. innovation, hero and dark’s personal zerg vs zerg nemesis solar are the only players who seem as if they can fight vs his monsterous play at the moment. as with any tournament that he enters, dark is absolutely a favorite to take it down.
the former gsl champion has had a really rough time in 2016, just getting slaughtered when the pressure is on. to be honest, i thought he would retire soon after his proleague finals bungle of a nearly 100% won game against the 2 time world champion sos. it was one of the most crushing defeats that i have ever witnessed, following a frustrating year of not really getting anything done. jjakji soldiered on though, and has put out some convincingly strong play since the new patch has ushered in the 2017 wcs season. the only person in jjakji’s way during the iem qualifiers was, in fact, innovation, whom i’ve already mentioned is probably the best player in the world right now. on the first day he unluckily hit him in the first round, going down 0-2. during the second qualifier jjakji easily dispatched the strategic front line of protoss in hush and patience, a protoss destined to be on top of the world with his current momentum before once again hitting innovation and going down 0-2. luckily for jjakji, innovation was able to win an additional round after his defeat and qualify through. without this god-tier roadblock, jjakji dominated his next day of play losing only a single game on his way to iem. as long as jjakji avoids innovation there’s a real chance that he could make something happen.
byul has been extremely quiet recently. his 2016 was not in the same universe as his record-breaking 2015, really having done nothing of note. he continues to fly under the radar going into gyeonggi, having only played the qualifiers and not much else. it’s really hard to put any real rating or value on byul right now, as he just hasn’t shown that much.
classic, as always, is being his quiet and dominating self. he’s been doing pretty well against innovation and hero, and didn’t lose a game smashing through the first iem qualifier. the one thing that makes me nervous about him is that he showed up in shoutcraft kings against solar, displaying a carrier build that certainly would have been strong a week to 10 days prior, but was insanely week when he played it. still, he is the wintoss for a reason.
to advance:
dark, easily. classic in 2nd place.
jjakji has been looking very strong, but classic normally doesn’t even slow his pace until at least top 4 in a tournament. byul is a wild unknown; will he come back in breathtaking fashion? he’s capable of it, but has shown no evidence of a triumphant return to top-zerg status.
group d
byun
iasonu
maru
solar
another crazily stacked group in a tournament of crazily stacked groups. to start off we have the 2016 world champion and actual esports player of the year byun. there is no reason to think that byun will not continue to put out his top end play and be a real contender to win this tournament. just this week he took down the world cyber arena, and continues to dominate the online cups that he enters. byun is turning into a real blue-chip stock as far as starcraft pros go.
many fans probably know the least about iasonu, a chinese zerg who started to rise to prominence in 2014. he has a long string of wins and high finishes in tournaments which are not normally paid any attention to by the west, but nonetheless show a lot of skill on iasonu’s part. he’s actually a dangerous underdog in this group, playing a different style than most in zerg vs terran. iasonu defeated bunny handily 2-0, crushing his 3 barracks reaper rushes (a strategy that byun is particularly known for), following up with lots of upgraded roaches and ravagers. this type of style could have some success vs the aggressive, micro-intensive terran duo of byun and maru. regardless, this is a very tough group, and it would be a huge deal if iasonu was able to make it into the round of 8.
maru had a tough 2016. despite reigning as the king of proleague, maru was unable to make it deep in any of the major individual tournaments, and thus missed out on his chance to play at blizzcon. being on the last remaining korean team, jin air greenwings, we predictably haven’t seen maru begin streaming or joining additional online leagues like the rest of his teamless peers. all we have to go off of for maru right now is his qualifier run, which was one of the least pretty of any who qualified to play in this iem. it took maru all 3 qualifiers, losing to the near-unknown taiwanese player cell in round 1 of the november 26th qual, and 0-2 to forte, a terran regularly considered far below maru in the 3rd round of the november 27th qual. in the very last one, maru finally made it to the qualifying match, where he faced off of the #1 cheeser in the world, has. in a wild series which started off with an actual draw in game number 1, has completely out mind-gamed maru in their final game, looking like he would surely win his bracket. somehow has made the biggest throw of 2016, and maru squeeked through. from what we’ve seen (which, admittedly isn’t much), maru isn’t a big contender for this tournament.
solar is on a heater. 2nd place in wcs korea 2016 was only slowed by his poor blizzcon showing, but since the new patch he’s looked to be in top form. losing just one map (in a zvz, nonetheless) in the first iem qualifier, solar has recently beaten the only zerg clearly above him in dark, and went on a 5 win streak showcasing immense skill in shoutcraft kings december. i really think this is the year where solar truly separates himself from the crowd and gets mentioned alongside the likes of zest, dark, innovation and ty.
to advance:
byun, solar.
maru just seem a bit below these two at the moment. iasonu coming to korea and making it out of this group would be a wonderful upset to start off the 2017 season with, but not one that we should expect.
all in all, this tournament is about as high end as you could hope for. with 5 days of action coming up, it’s anyone’s guess who will win. my money’s on innovation.
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ˈbərni ˈsændərz həz ˈkɔrnərd æt list wən ˌdɛməˈgræfɪk əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈvoʊtərz, ɪf ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ɪz ˈɛni ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən. ɪts ʤɪst ə ʃeɪm ðɛr tu jəŋ tɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli kæst ə ˈbælət. ɪz ðə ˈleɪtəst trɛnd tɪ teɪk ˈoʊvər tˈwɪtər ənd instagram*, wɪθ mɑmz θruaʊt ðə juz. ˈpoʊstɪŋ ˈpɪkʧərz əv ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən drɛst ɛz ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt. ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˈjuʒəwəli kənˈsɪst əv ə jəŋ ʧaɪld ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈglæsɪz ənd ˈspɔrtɪŋ greɪ hɛr. ɪt ɔl bɪˈgæn wɪn ə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs mɑm, ˈsigəl, ˈkʊdənt əˈtɛnd ə ˈræli fər ˈsændərz bɪˈkəz ʃi hæd tɪ steɪ hoʊm wɪθ hər sən, ˈneɪtən. ə frɛnd meɪd ə aʊt əv ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ˈneɪtən, ənd ɪt tʊk ɔf frəm ðɛr. ˈdɪdənt hæv ən əˈʤɛndə. aɪ meɪd ðə mim ənd wɑz ˈprɪti shocked,”*,” ˈsigəl toʊld ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn. hæd bɪn ə bɪt ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd wɪθ ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈnubɔrn ənd lɑkt ɔn ðə kaʊʧ, soʊ ɪt wɑz kaɪnd əv ə nis weɪ tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ənd səˈpɔrt waɪl stɪl biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ bi wɪθ maɪ son.”*.” ˈsigəl kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, babiesforbernie2016.com*, tɪ sɛl ʃərts ənd sɛd ʃi plænz tɪ ˈdoʊˌneɪt ɔl prəˈsidz tɪ ðə ˈsændərz kæmˈpeɪn. ðɛrz ˈɔlsoʊ ən əˈfɪʃəl ˈfeɪsˌbʊk grup wɛr səˈpɔrtərz əv ðə vərˈmɑnt ˈsɛnətər hæv ˈkɑŋgrɪˌgeɪtɪd tɪ ʃɛr ˈɑrtɪkəlz ənd nuz ˈaɪtəmz əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈkænədɪt. ðə ril ˈhaɪˌlaɪt əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə kæmˈpeɪn, ðoʊ, həz bɪn ɪkˈsploʊʒən ɪn ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ˈbeɪbiz hu lʊk laɪk ə mæn frəm ˈbrʊklɪn. ʤeɪmz ɪz ˈrɛdi tɪ teɪk ɔn ðə ˌbɪljəˈnɛr klæs ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈpoʊstɪd baɪ ˈælɪsən (@awolally*) ɔn ɔkt 16 2015 æt jəp əm soʊld! ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈpoʊstɪd baɪ sɪˈmoʊn ˈnɔrmən (@simone__y*) ɔn ɔkt 16 2015 æt
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bernie sanders has cornered at least one demographic of american voters, if social media is any indication. it's just a shame they're too young to actually cast a ballot.
#babiesforbernie is the latest trend to take over twitter and instagram, with moms throughout the u.s. posting pictures of their children dressed as the democratic presidential candidate. the photos usually consist of a young child wearing glasses and sporting photoshopped gray hair. it all began when a los angeles mom, ashia siegel, couldn't attend a rally for sanders because she had to stay home with her son, natan. a friend made a #babyforbernie out of a picture of natan, and it took off from there.
“i didn't have an agenda. i made the meme and was pretty shocked,” siegel told cnn. “i had been a bit frustrated with having a newborn and locked on the couch, so it was kind of a nice way to be able to participate in the conversation and support while still being able to be with my son.”
siegel created a website, babiesforbernie2016.com, to sell shirts and said she plans to donate all proceeds to the sanders campaign. there's also an official facebook group where supporters of the vermont senator have congregated to share articles and news items about their favorite candidate. the real highlight of the social media campaign, though, has been explosion in the number of images of babies who look like a 74-year-old man from brooklyn.
james is ready to take on the billionaire class #babiesforbernie #feelthebern a photo posted by allison (@awolally) on oct 16, 2015 at 7:08pm pdt
yup i'm sold! #babiesforbernie a photo posted by simone norman _ (@simone__y) on oct 16, 2015 at 10:23am pdt
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wəns ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɑz ɪˈlɛktɪd, əˈmɛrɪkən bɪˈkeɪm ɛz ˈpælɪn hæd dɪˈfaɪnd ˈprɑksi fər ðə ˈpeɪtriəˌtɪzəm ðət ðə nu ˈprɛzɪdənt lækt. frəm ðɛr, ɪt tʊk ʤɪst ə rɪˈtɔrɪkəl tɪ lɪŋk dɪˈfɪʃənsi əv əˈmɛrɪkəˌnɪzəm tɪ ədˈvænsɪŋ dɪˈklaɪn. ðə kənˈfleɪʃən wɑz ˈkɑnsəˌmeɪtəd baɪ ˈʧɑrəlz ˈkraʊˌthæmər ɪn ən ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ɑkˈtoʊbər 2009 ˈɑrtɪkəl fər ðə ˈwikli ˈstændərd ˈtaɪtəld ɪz ə ʧɔɪs: ðə nu ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ənd ðə ɛnd əv əˈmɛrɪkən ascendancy.*. tɪ meɪk hɪz keɪs, hi lind ɔn ən ˌoʊˈbɑmə kwoʊt frəm ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns æt ə ˈneɪtoʊ ˈkɑnfərəns ɪn ˈstræsˌbɔrg, fræns, ðət spərɪŋ. ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə kˈwɛʃən frəm ˈɛdwərd lus, ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl taɪmz rɪˈpɔrtər (ənd hɪmˈsɛlf ðə ˈɔθər əv ə ˈsəbsəkwənt toʊm ˈsəbˌtaɪtəld əˈmɛrɪkə ɪn ðə eɪʤ əv dɪˈsɛnt), ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt hæd ˈænsərd, bɪˈliv ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən, ʤɪst ɛz aɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt ðət ðə brɪts bɪˈliv ɪn ˈbrɪtɪʃ ənd ðə griks bɪˈliv ɪn grik exceptionalism.*. ɪn vju, ðɪs wɑz pruf ðət ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɑz ɛnˈdɔrsɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkən dɪˈklaɪn, fər ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl, noʊ wən is.*. sɪns ðɛn bɪn taɪm ɔn ðə raɪt, ˈjuʒəwəli wɪθ ðət wən ˌoʊˈbɑmə kwoʊt ˈbrændɪʃt ɛz ðə sˈmoʊkɪŋ gən. ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪz ˈkɑnstəntli biɪŋ læʃt fər hɪz læk əv kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ əˈmɛrɪkən, məʧ ɛz hi wɑz slæpt əraʊnd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 2008 kæmˈpeɪn fər nɑt æt fərst sˈlævɪʃli ˈdɑnɪŋ ə flæg ləˈpɛl pɪn. nut ˈgɪŋgrɪʧ hɛlpt lɛd ðə weɪ wɪθ ə kæmˈpeɪn bʊk ˈtaɪtəld ə ˈneɪʃən laɪk noʊ ˈəðər: waɪ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈmætərz; hi ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət hi ɪz ən exceptionalist* bɪˈkəz hi bɪˈlivz ɪn riˈbɪldɪŋ ðə əˈmɛrɪkə wi inherited,*, ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˌoʊˈbɑmə, hu ɪn ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli ˈəndərˌmaɪnɪŋ ðə əˈmɛrɪkə wi inherited.*. mɪt ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ðə ˈʒɑnrə, noʊ əˈpɑləˌʤi, ɪz wən lɔŋ dərʤ fər haʊ əˈmɛrɪkə həz lɔst ɪts ˈgreɪtnəs ɪn ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈbæŋkrəpt əˈweɪ frəm ə ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən əv əˈmɛrɪkən exceptionalism.*. ðə raɪt, ðə wərd həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈlɪtməs test* ɪz haʊ ðə ˈkɑləmnəst kæθˈlin ˈpɑrkər ˈækjərətli ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzd hər ˈfɛloʊ kənˈsərvətɪvz læst jɪr wɪn ʧæˈstaɪzɪŋ ˌoʊˈbɑmə fər nɑt oʊˈbidjəntli seɪɪŋ wərd exceptional’*’ ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz 2011 steɪt əv ðə ˈjunjən ˈæˌdrɛs ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd studiously* əˈvɔɪdɪŋ wərd kənˈsərvətɪvz lɔŋ tɪ hear.*. ðə ˈoʊnli flɔ ɪn hər ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz ðət noʊ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈprɛzɪdənt həz ˈɛvər ˈpəblɪkli rɪˈfərd tɪ exceptionalism* ɪn ðə mɔr ðən eɪt ˈdɛkeɪdz sɪns ˈstɑlən kɔɪnd ðə soʊl ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv ˌoʊˈbɑmə. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈprɛzɪdənsi ˈprɑʤɛkt æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˈsænə riˈpɑzəˌtɔri əv ɔl ðə presidents’*’ ˈpəblɪk wərdz, ˈigərli maɪnd baɪ ˈblɔgərz ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˈfɛtɪʃɪsts laɪk ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ dɪd æt list juz ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ɪn ˈɔfəs, ɔlˈbiɪt twaɪs ɪn ˈrɛfərəns tɪ hɪz tɔrˈpiˌdoʊd səˈprim kɔrt ˌnɑməˈni, ˈhɛriət maɪərz. ɪt teɪk məʧ ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ˌoʊˈbɑmə, ˈbrændɪd ɛz ən ˈaʊtlaɪər tɪ ðə america* baɪ ˈpælɪn ɪn 2008 wʊd bi hɛld tɪ ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈstændərd ðən hɪz ˈprɛdəˌsɛsərz baɪ ə ˈmɑdərn ðət ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɛz ɛz ˈmeɪˌbɛri. bət nɑt ˈnɔrməli ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn kənˈsərvətɪv ˈpɑrtəzən ˈpɑləˌtɪks hæv ˈfɑlən ˈɪntu ðə træp ɛz wɛl baɪ baɪɪŋ ˈhoʊlhɑrtɪdli ˈɪntu ðə ˌɛləˈveɪʃən əv ˈkɔɪnɪʤ frəm nɪr əbˈskjʊrəti tɪ ə ʤɪŋgoʊˈɪstɪk bəz tərm. ˈməri raɪts ðət ðə ˈkəntri wɪl bi ɔn ðə raɪt træk wɪn wi ər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈgɛn əˈbaʊt waɪ əˈmɛrɪkə ɪz ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ənd waɪ ɪt ɪz soʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət əˈmɛrɪkə rɪˈmeɪn exceptional.*. ˈfridmən ənd ˈmændəlˌbaʊm ˈsɛkənd ðə ˈmoʊʃən: əˈmɛrɪkən tɪ bi ərnd continually* ənd naʊ ɪn play.*. ðɛr ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən meɪ nɑt bi tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə raɪt ɪn ˈtɑrɪŋ ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɪθ kəˈlæps, bət ɪn ðɪs ˈhɑˌthaʊs pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈklaɪmɪt ðət ɪz ðə ˈpræktɪkəl ˈifɛkt. ðət ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈprɑbləmz ˈsaɪtɪd baɪ ɑr ər ril ɪz bɪɔnd dəˈbeɪt, ˈstɑrtɪŋ, ɪn maɪ vju, wɪθ ðə kəˈlæps əv ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈfɛrnəs bɪn ˈʧɑrtɪd baɪ ˈtɪməθi noʊə, ˈʤoʊzəf ˈstɪglɪts, ˈʤeɪkəb ˈhækər, pɔl ˈpɪrsən, ənd ˈəðərz. wi ər ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈkəntri rən baɪ ðə rɪʧ, fər ðə rich,*, ɪn ðə səkˈsɪŋkt səˈmeɪʃən əv ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈblɔgər ˈfilɪks ˈsæmən. moʊst əv ðə ˈɔθərz hæv ˈəðər ˈwərði krɪˈtiks əv əˈmɛrɪkə tɪ ˈɔfər ɛz wɛl, ənd wɪθ gʊd ˈrizən. ˈhɑrdli ə wik goʊz baɪ wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈtɑrnɪʃɪŋ əv əˈnəðər ˈmeɪʤər əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən, frəm tɪ pɛn steɪt, ər ə ˈrændəm kəˈlæmɪti laɪk ðə ˈkɑrnɪʤ ɪn ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ. nən əv ðɪs meɪks ˈjuˈɛs noʊ. 2 tɪ ˈʧaɪnə, ən ɔˈtɑkrəsi ˈrɪdəld wɪθ steɪt ənd ˈbɪznɪs kərˈəpʃən ənd ˈɔfən əˈbrɪʤɪŋ ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈjumən raɪts ðət, fər ɔl ɑr ˈlæpsɪz, ər mɔr ˈɔfən ˈɑnərd ðən nɑt ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. nɑt gris. nɑt ˈivɪn england*. bət ɪf wi wər tɪ slɪp ˈɪntu soʊ məʧ ɛz ə taɪ fər noʊ. 1 ðət wʊd draɪv ˈmɛni əˈmɛrɪkənz nəts, bɪˈkəz ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪz beɪkt ˈɪntu ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈkɛrɪktər, ɪt ɪz ðət wi məst bi ðə ˈælfə dɔg, ðə ˈlidər əv ðə pæk, ðə ˌəndɪˈspjutɪd wərld ˈʧæmpiən. jɛt ðə ˈælfə dɔgz əv ɑr oʊn ɪˈkɑnəmi naʊ ˌɪnˈhæbət ə rɛlm soʊ fɑr riˈmuvd frəm moʊst əv ðɛr ˈfɛloʊ ˈkəntrimɪn ðət ðə hoʊl aɪˈdiə əv noʊ. 1 ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ən ˌənəˈteɪnəbəl æbˈstrækʃən tɪ ðoʊz bɪˈloʊ. ðɪs ɪz waɪ ðə ˈplætɪˌtudz tɪ bi faʊnd ɪn səm əv ðə bʊks fɔl ˈflætər ðən ˈjuʒəwəl. wɪn ˈməri kɔlz fər ˈsɪvɪk greɪt awakening* ənd ə rɪˈtərn tɪ virtues,*, ər wɪn ˈfridmən ənd ˈmændəlˌbaʊm ərʤ ˈjuˈɛs rikəˈnɛkt wɪθ ðə ˈvæljuz ənd aɪˈdilz ðət meɪd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən drim soʊ compelling,*, ðə wərdz hæv əˈbaʊt ɛz məʧ ˈvælju ɛz ə ˈmɔrgɪʤ ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ɑr ˈkɑrənt ˈgɪldɪd eɪʤ.
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once obama was elected, american exceptionalism became as palin had defined ita proxy for the patriotism that the new president lacked. from there, it took just a rhetorical sleight-of-hand to link obama’s deficiency of americanism to america’s advancing decline. the conflation was consummated by charles krauthammer in an influential october 2009 article for the weekly standard titled decline is a choice: the new liberalism and the end of american ascendancy. to make his case, he leaned on an obama quote from a press conference at a nato conference in strasbourg, france, that spring. in response to a question from edward luce, a financial times reporter (and himself the author of a subsequent declinist tome subtitled america in the age of descent), the president had answered, i believe in american exceptionalism, just as i suspect that the brits believe in british exceptionalism and the greeks believe in greek exceptionalism. in krauthammer’s view, this was proof that obama was endorsing american decline, for if everyone is exceptional, no one is.
since then it’s been pile-on time on the right, usually with that one obama quote brandished as the smoking gun. the president is constantly being lashed for his lack of commitment to american exceptionalism, much as he was slapped around during the 2008 campaign for not at first slavishly donning a flag lapel pin. newt gingrich helped lead the way with a campaign book titled a nation like no other: why american exceptionalism matters; he explained that he is an american exceptionalist because he believes in fundamentally rebuilding the america we inherited, as opposed to obama, who believes in fundamentally undermining the america we inherited. mitt romney’s contribution to the genre, no apology, is one long dirge for how america has lost its greatness in the obama era’s bankrupt reorientation away from a celebration of american exceptionalism.
on the right, the word exceptional’or exceptionalism’lately has become a litmus test is how the columnist kathleen parker accurately characterized her fellow conservatives last year when chastising obama for not obediently saying that word exceptional’ during his 2011 state of the union address and instead studiously avoiding the word conservatives long to hear. the only flaw in her argument is that no american president has ever publicly referred to american exceptionalism in the more than eight decades since stalin coined itwith the sole exception of obama. according to the american presidency project at the university of california, santa barbaraa repository of all the presidents’ public words, eagerly mined by fact-checking bloggers in response to exceptionalism fetishists like parkergeorge w. bush did at least use exceptional in office, albeit twice in reference to his torpedoed supreme court nominee, harriet miers.
it doesn’t take much imagination to understand why obama, branded as an outlier to the real america by palin in 2008, would be held to a different standard than his predecessors by a modern gop that is almost as lily-white as mayberry. but declinists not normally engaged in conservative partisan politics have fallen into the american-exceptionalism trap as well by buying wholeheartedly into the right’s elevation of stalin’s coinage from near obscurity to a jingoistic buzz term. murray writes that the country will be on the right track only when we are talking again about why america is exceptional and why it is so important that america remain exceptional. friedman and mandelbaum second the motion: american exceptionalism has to be earned continually and is now in play. their intention may not be to join the right in tarring obama with america’s collapse, but in this hothouse political climate that is the practical effect.
that many of the problems cited by our declinists are real is beyond debate, starting, in my view, with the three-decade-long collapse of fundamental economic fairness that’s been charted by timothy noah, joseph stiglitz, jacob hacker, paul pierson, and others. we are living in a country run by the rich, for the rich, in the succinct summation of the financial blogger felix salmon. most of the declinist authors have other worthy critiques of present-day america to offer as well, and with good reason. hardly a week goes by without the tarnishing of another major american institution, from jpmorgan to penn state, or a random calamity like the carnage in colorado.
none of this makes us no. 2 to china, an autocracy riddled with state and business corruption and often abridging the basic human rights that, for all our lapses, are more often honored than not in 21st-century america. we’re not greece. we’re not even post-empire england. but if we were to slip into so much as a tie for no. 1, that would drive many americans nuts, because if anything is baked into the national character, it is that we must be the alpha dog, the leader of the pack, the undisputed world champion. yet the alpha dogs of our own economy now inhabit a realm so far removed from most of their fellow countrymen that the whole idea of no. 1 is becoming an unattainable abstraction to those below. this is why the platitudes to be found in some of the declinist books fall flatter than usual. when murray airily calls for a civic great awakening and a return to founding virtues, or when friedman and mandelbaum urge us to reconnect with the values and ideals that made the american dream so compelling, the words have about as much value as a subprime mortgage in the context of our current gilded age.
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ˈɛnərˌʤaɪzər tɪ riˈlis ˈpɔrtəbəl ˈsoʊlər ˈbætəri ˈʧɑrʤər dɪˈsɛmbər 19th*, 2008 baɪ ˈɛriəl ʃwɔrts rɪˈpɔrts ðət ˈɛnərˌʤaɪzər plænz ɔn deɪˈbjutɪŋ ɪts ˈpɔrtəbəl eɪeɪ ənd ˌtrɪpəˈleɪ ˈbætəri ˈʧɑrʤər æt kənˈsumər ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks ʃoʊ ɪn ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs. ðə ˈgæʤət ɪz kəmˈplitli ˈwɛðərˌpruf ənd kəmz wɪθ ə pɔrt tɪ paʊər ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks. dɪˈvaɪs kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi ʧɑrʤd frəm ən ˈeɪˈsi ˈaʊˌtlɛt ʤɪst ɪn keɪs ðə sən lɛts ju daʊn. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni plænz ɔn riˈlisɪŋ ðə ˈʧɑrʤər ðɪs ˈsəmər fər nɑt ə bæd praɪs fər ˈfridəm frəm wɔl ˈaʊˌtlɛts. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈkrɛdɪt: əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɔθər ˈɛriəl ʃwɔrts wɑz ˈfɔrmərli ðə ˈɛdɪtər əv ənd ɪz ə ˈsinjər ˈɛdɪtər æt co.exist*. ʃi həz kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ˈwikli, ˈpɑpjələr saɪəns, inhabitat*, greenbiz*, ˈɛnˌbiˈsi beɪ ˈɛriə, gʊd ˈmægəˌzin, ənd mɔr. ə ˈgræʤəˌweɪt əv ˈvæsər ˈkɑlɪʤ, ʃi həz ˈpriviəsli wərkt ɪn ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ, ɔrˈgænɪk ˈfɑrmɪŋ, ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri fɪlm, ənd ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm. hər ˈɪntərɪsts ˌɪnˈklud permaculture*, ˈhaɪkɪŋ, skiɪŋ, mˈjuzɪk, relocalization*, ənd kɑb (ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ məˈtɪriəl). ʃi ˈkərəntli rɪˈzaɪdz ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, ˈsiˈeɪ.
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energizer to release portable solar battery charger
december 19th, 2008 by ariel schwartz
goodcleantech reports that energizer plans on debuting its portable solar-powered aa and aaa battery charger at january’s consumer electronics show in las vegas. the slick-looking gadget is completely weatherproof and comes with a usb port to power electronics.
energizer’s device can also be charged from an ac outlet just in case the sun lets you down.
the company plans on releasing the charger this summer for $49.99— not a bad price for freedom from wall outlets.
photo credit: goodcleantech
about the author ariel schwartz was formerly the editor of cleantechnica and is a senior editor at co.exist. she has contributed to sf weekly, popular science, inhabitat, greenbiz, nbc bay area, good magazine, and more. a graduate of vassar college, she has previously worked in publishing, organic farming, documentary film, and newspaper journalism. her interests include permaculture, hiking, skiing, music, relocalization, and cob (the building material). she currently resides in san francisco, ca.
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poʊp ˈbɛnəˌdɪkt sɛd ɪn hɪz ˈkrɪsməs iv mæs ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ðət rɪˈlɪʤən kən bi kərˈəptɪd, ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ˈvaɪələns ənd wɔrz, bət rɪfˈjutɪd ˈkrɪtɪks hu kleɪm ðət dɪˈnaɪɪŋ ɪgˈzɪstəns wʊd lɛd tɪ pis. ɪz tru ðət rɪˈlɪʤən kən bɪˈkəm corrupted…*… wɪn ˈpipəl θɪŋk ðeɪ hæv tɪ teɪk kɔz ˈɪntu ðɛr oʊn hænz, ˈmeɪkɪŋ gɑd ˈɪntu ðɛr ˈpraɪvət property,”*,” ðə poʊp toʊld ˈθaʊzənz ˈgæðərd ɪn seɪnt bəˈzɪləkə. ““monotheism*, bɪˈlif ɪn wən gɑd, ɪz sɛd tɪ bi ˈɛrəgəns, ə kɔz əv ˌɪnˈtɑlərəns, bɪˈkəz baɪ ɪts ˈneɪʧər, wɪθ ɪts kleɪm tɪ pəˈzɛs ðə soʊl truθ, ɪt siks tɪ ˌɪmˈpoʊz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɔn everyone,”*,” ˈbɛnəˌdɪkt sɛd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛr ɪz noʊ dɪˈnaɪɪŋ ə ˈsərtən mɪsˈjuz əv rɪˈlɪʤən ɪn ˈhɪstəri, jɛt ɪt ɪz nɑt tru ðət dɪˈnaɪəl əv gɑd wʊd lɛd tɪ peace,”*,” hi ˈædɪd. ðə ˈsɛnʧəriz, waɪl ðɛr həz bɪn mɪsˈjuz əv rɪˈlɪʤən, ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ tru ðət ˈfɔrsɪz əv ˌrɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃən ənd ˈgʊdnɪs hæv ˈkɑnstəntli sprəŋ əp frəm feɪθ ɪn ðə god,”*,” sɛd ˈbɛnəˌdɪkt, huz kæmˈpeɪn əˈgɛnst rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈvaɪələns ɪz wən əv ðə ˈkɔrnərˌstoʊnz əv hɪz ˈpeɪpəsi. ðə ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ˈlidər əv ðə ˈbɪljən ˈroʊmən ˈkæθlɪks ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðət ðə spid əv ˈmɑdərn laɪf lɛft noʊ taɪm fər gɑd, ənd kɔld ɔn ðə ˈfeɪθfəl tɪ meɪk æt ðə inn”*” fər ðə pur ənd ˈsəfərɪŋ. æm rɪˈpitɪdli strək baɪ ðə ˈgɔspəl ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈkæʒəwəl rɪˈmɑrk ðət ðɛr wɑz noʊ rum fər ðɛm æt ðə inn,”*,” hi sɛd ɪn ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ðə ˈstɔri əv bərθ ɪn ə ˈsteɪbəl bɪˈkəz ˈmɛri ənd ˈʤoʊzəf kʊd faɪnd noʊ ˈəðər ˈrɛfjuʤ. ðə kˈwɛʃən ərˈaɪzɪz, wət wʊd ˈhæpən ɪf ˈmɛri ənd ˈʤoʊzəf wər tɪ nɑk æt maɪ dɔr. wʊd ðɛr bi rum fər them?”*?” ðə sɛd. wi nɑt ˈæˌkʧuəli tərn əˈweɪ gɑd hɪmˈsɛlf? ðɛr ɪz noʊ rum fər ɪm. nɑt ˈivɪn ɪn ɑr ˈfilɪŋz ənd dɪˈzaɪərz ɪz ðɛr ˈɛni rum fər him,”*,” hi sɛd, ˈbleɪmɪŋ ˈmɑdərn əbˈsɛʃən wɪθ spid ənd ˈpərsɪnəl æmˈbɪʃən. ˈfæstər wi kən muv, ðə mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt ɑr əˈplaɪənsɪz bɪˈkəm, ðə lɛs taɪm wi hæv. ənd gɑd? ðə kˈwɛʃən əv gɑd ˈnɛvər simz ˈərʤənt. ɑr taɪm ɪz ɔˈrɛdi kəmˈplitli full,”*,” ðə ˈbɛnəˌdɪkt sɛd. wɔnt ɑrˈsɛlvz. wi wɔnt wət wi kən siz hoʊld əv, wi wɔnt ˈhæpinəs ðət ɪz wɪˈθɪn ɑr riʧ, wi wɔnt ɑr plænz ənd ˈpərpəsɪz tɪ səkˈsid. ər soʊ ‘‘full’*’ əv ɑrˈsɛlvz ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ rum lɛft fər gɑd. ənd ðət minz ðɛr ɪz noʊ rum fər ˈəðərz ˈiðər, fər ˈʧɪldrən, fər ðə pur, fər ðə stranger,”*,” hi ˈædɪd, ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ˈpipəl tɪ ˈɔlsoʊ riˈθɪŋk ðɛr ˈætəˌtudz təˈwɔrdz ˈhoʊmləs, təˈwɔrdz ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ənd migrants.”*.” ˈbɛnəˌdɪkt kɔld fər pis ɪn ðə taʊn əv bərθ, ˈbɛθlɪˌhɛm, ɔl ðoʊz ˈpleɪsɪz wɛr ðə lɔrd lɪvd, ənd suffered.”*.” ˈjuˈɛs preɪ æt ðɪs taɪm fər ðə ˈpipəl hu lɪv ənd ˈsəfər ðɛr təˈdeɪ. lɛt ˈjuˈɛs preɪ ðət ðɛr meɪ bi pis ɪn ðət land,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈjuˈɛs preɪ ðət ˌɪzˈreɪliz ənd ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz meɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ lɪv ðɛr lɪvz ɪn ðə pis əv ðə wən gɑd ənd ɪn freedom,”*,” hi ˈædɪd. ðə ˈpɑntɪf preɪd fər ˈlɛbənən, ˈsɪriə, ˌɪˈrɑk ənd ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˈkəntriz, ðɛr meɪ bi pis ðɛr, ðət ˈkrɪsʧɪnz ɪn ðoʊz lændz wɛr ɑr feɪθ wɑz bɔrn meɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈlɪvɪŋ ðɛr, ðət ˈkrɪsʧɪnz ənd ˈməzlɪmz meɪ bɪld əp ðɛr ˈkəntriz saɪd baɪ saɪd ɪn pis. [ˈɪmɪʤ ˈviə ˈæʤəns france-presse*]
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pope benedict xvi said in his christmas eve mass on monday that religion can be corrupted, leading to violence and wars, but refuted critics who claim that denying god’s existence would lead to peace.
“it is true that religion can become corrupted… when people think they have to take god?s cause into their own hands, making god into their private property,” the pope told thousands gathered in saint peter’s basilica.
“monotheism, belief in one god, is said to be arrogance, a cause of intolerance, because by its nature, with its claim to possess the sole truth, it seeks to impose itself on everyone,” benedict said.
however, “while there is no denying a certain misuse of religion in history, yet it is not true that denial of god would lead to peace,” he added.
“down the centuries, while there has been misuse of religion, it is also true that forces of reconciliation and goodness have constantly sprung up from faith in the god,” said benedict, whose campaign against religious violence is one of the cornerstones of his papacy.
the spiritual leader of the world’s 1.1 billion roman catholics also said that the speed of modern life left no time for god, and called on the faithful to make “room at the inn” for the world’s poor and suffering.
“i am repeatedly struck by the gospel writer’s almost casual remark that there was no room for them at the inn,” he said in reference to the story of christ’s birth in a stable because mary and joseph could find no other refuge.
“inevitably the question arises, what would happen if mary and joseph were to knock at my door. would there be room for them?” the 85-year-old said.
“do we not actually turn away god himself? there is no room for him. not even in our feelings and desires is there any room for him,” he said, blaming modern society’s obsession with speed and personal ambition.
“the faster we can move, the more efficient our time-saving appliances become, the less time we have. and god? the question of god never seems urgent. our time is already completely full,” the german-born benedict said.
“we want ourselves. we want what we can seize hold of, we want happiness that is within our reach, we want our plans and purposes to succeed.
“we are so ‘full’ of ourselves that there is no room left for god. and that means there is no room for others either, for children, for the poor, for the stranger,” he added, calling for people to also rethink their attitudes towards “the homeless, towards refugees and migrants.”
benedict called for peace in the town of christ’s birth, bethlehem, “and all those places where the lord lived, ministered and suffered.”
“let us pray at this time for the people who live and suffer there today. let us pray that there may be peace in that land,” he said.
“let us pray that israelis and palestinians may be able to live their lives in the peace of the one god and in freedom,” he added.
the pontiff prayed for lebanon, syria, iraq and neighbouring countries, “that there may be peace there, that christians in those lands where our faith was born may be able to continue living there, that christians and muslims may build up their countries side by side in god?s peace.
[image via agence france-presse]
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ðə ɛr kæmˈpeɪn əˈgɛnst ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts ɪn ˈsɪriə əˈmaʊnts tɪ ə wɔr əˈgɛnst ˌɪsˈlɑm, frənt grup həz kleɪmd, ˈprɑməsɪŋ riˌtæliˈeɪʃən əˈgɛnst ðoʊz steɪts ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈbɑmɪŋ əv ðə ‘‘caliphate’*’ ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈtɑrgətɪŋ əˈsɑd ˈfɔrsɪz. ər ɪn ə lɔŋ wɔr. ðɪs wɔr wɪl nɑt ɛnd ɪn mənθs nɔr years,”*,” grup ˈspoʊksmən ˈæbu sɛd ɛz ˈsaɪtɪd baɪ ˈrɔɪtərz. nɑt ə wɔr əˈgɛnst frənt, ɪts ə wɔr əˈgɛnst islam.”*.” ˈdəzənz əv frənt ˈfaɪtərz wər rɪˈpɔrtədli kɪld ˈæftər ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən lɔnʧt ðə fərst raʊnd əv ɪts ˈɛrˌstraɪks ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ənd ðə ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈmɛsɪʤ riˈlist ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ɪz ðə fərst riˈækʃən tɪ əˈtæks. ˈkəntriz hæv dən ə dɪˈspɪkəbəl ækt ðət wɪl pʊt ðɛm ɔn ðə lɪst əv ðoʊz ˈtɑrgətɪd baɪ ʤiˈhɑˌdɪst ˈfɔrsɪz ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə world,”*,” ðə ˈspoʊksmən ˈædɪd. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ɪts faɪv ˈærəb ˈælaɪz ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə, ˌkəˈtɑr, ˈʤɔrdən, bɑˈreɪn ənd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈærəb ˈɛmərˌeɪts ɔl pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ðə kæmˈpeɪn ɪn ˈsɪriə waɪl ˈoʊvər 50 steɪts ɪkˈsprɛst ðɛr ˈʤɛnərəl səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃənz faɪt əˈgɛnst ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt θrɛt. soʊ fɑr ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈælaɪz hæv bɪn mɔr ˈkɔʃəs ðən ðə ˈjuˈɛs, wɪθ ðə ənd fræns ˈoʊnli ˈbɑmɪŋ ˈtɑrgəts ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk, wɪʧ ˈæˌkʧuəli rɪkˈwɛstɪd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən, ənˈlaɪk ˈsɪriə wɪʧ həz ˈoʊnli bɪn ““informed”*” əˈbaʊt ðə ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ɔn ɪts sɔɪl. ˌbiˈsaɪdz ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ʤiˈhɑˌdɪst ˈfaɪtərz, ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛrˌstraɪks hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsɛpərətli ˈtɑrgətɪd ən ˈtɛrər grup ðət ˈjuˈɛs əˈfɪʃəlz fɪr ɪz ˈplɑtɪŋ əˈtæks ɔn ðə wɛst. waɪl ˈrɛgjələrli rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ɪts ˈprɑˌgrɛs æt ənd destroying”*” ðə ˈmɪlətənts, ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈfɪʃəlz dɪˈnaɪ ðət ˈɛni səˈvɪljən ˈkæʒəwəltiz tʊk pleɪs soʊ fɑr, dɪˈspaɪt ˈnumərəs rɪˈpɔrts frəm ˈæktɪvɪsts ɔn ðə graʊnd. ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈnɔrðərn ˈprɑvənsəz ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm hæv bɪn ˈproʊˌtɛstɪŋ ˈmæsɪvli əˈgɛnst ðə ðeɪ kleɪm ər ˈkɪlɪŋ nɑt ˈoʊnli ðə ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts bət səˈvɪljənz tu, waɪl kəmˈplitli ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ ðə ˈtɑrgəts əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə ˈsɪriən ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈnumərəs ˈvɪdioʊz əv səʧ ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz hɛld ˈæftər ˈfraɪˌdeɪ prɛrz əˈpɪrd ɔn ˈjuˌtub, wɪθ səm ˈpipəl kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛrˌstraɪk ˈstrætəʤi wɪʧ soʊ fɑr feɪld tɪ ˈkrɪpəl əˈsɑdz ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri paʊər, waɪl ˈəðərz wər ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ səˈpɔrt fər ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk caliphate*. wɪθ america!”*!” ˈʃaʊtɪd ˈhənərdz əv mɛn səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ lɪŋkt grup ɪn ðə ˈsɪti əv al-numan*, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə wɔl strit ˈʤərnəl. ɑr soʊl ənd bləd wi dɪˈfɛnd ju, nusra!”*!” bət ˌbiˈsaɪdz ðə grups ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɛz ˈtɛrərɪst ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz baɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ðə ˈrɛbəl grup ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ðə straɪks ˈərliər ðɪs wik. soʊl ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃiˌɛri əv ðɪs ˈfɔrən ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns ɪn ˈsɪriə ɪz ðə [ˈprɛzɪdənt bəˈʃɑr] əˈsɑd rəˈʒim, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ðə ˈæbsəns əv ˈɛni ril ˈstrætəʤi tɪ ˈtɑpəl him,”*,” sɛd ðə grup əv ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈfaɪtərz, dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ðə straɪks ɛz əˈtæk ɔn ˈnæʃənəl ˈsɑvrənti ðət ˌəndərˈmaɪnz ðə ˈsɪriən revolution.”*.” ˈminˌwaɪl ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈfɪʃəlz əˈnaʊnst ðət ɛr əˈtæks ɔn ɪz ˈstrɔŋˌhoʊldz ɪn ˈsɪriə wɑz nɑt ɪˈnəf ənd ə graʊnd kæmˈpeɪn wɑz ˈnidɪd tɪ krəʃ ðə ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts. ənd səʧ fɔrs wʊd bi ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld "ˈmɑdərˌeɪt ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən" treɪnd ənd ɪkˈwɪpt baɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs. rɛd ˈrɛdi tɪ treɪn əp tɪ ˈsɪriən ˈrɛbəlz ““yes*, ðɛr həz tɪ bi ə graʊnd kəmˈpoʊnənt tɪ ðə kæmˈpeɪn əˈgɛnst ɪn syria,”*,” ʤɔɪnt ʧifs əv stæf ˈʧɛrmən ʤɛn. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈdɛmpsi sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət ˈərliər ˈfɪgjərz pərˈteɪnɪŋ tɪ ə grup əv prəˈspɛktɪv ˈfɔrsɪz meɪ bi bət ə ˈfrækʃən əv wət ɪz ˈtruli rikˈwaɪərd tɪ dɪˈgreɪd ənd dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt.
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the us-led air campaign against terrorists in syria amounts to a war against islam, al-qaeda-linked nusra front group has claimed, promising retaliation against those states involved in the bombing of the ‘caliphate’ instead of targeting assad forces.
“we are in a long war. this war will not end in months nor years,” group spokesman abu firas al-suri said as cited by reuters. “it's not a war against nusra front, it's a war against islam.”
dozens of al-nusra front fighters were reportedly killed after the anti-isis coalition launched the first round of its airstrikes on tuesday, and the audio message released on saturday is the group’s first reaction to attacks.
“these countries have done a despicable act that will put them on the list of those targeted by jihadist forces all over the world,” the spokesman added.
the united states and its five arab allies saudi arabia, qatar, jordan, bahrain and the united arab emirates all participated in the campaign in syria while over 50 states expressed their general support for the coalition's fight against the islamic state threat. so far european allies have been more cautious than the us, with the uk and france only bombing targets in iraq, which actually requested international intervention, unlike syria which has only been “informed” about the forthcoming operation on its soil.
besides the islamic state jihadist fighters, the us airstrikes have also separately targeted an al-qaeda-affiliated terror group that us officials fear is plotting attacks on the west. while regularly reporting its progress at “degrading and destroying” the militants, the us military officials deny that any civilian casualties took place so far, despite numerous reports from activists on the ground.
people in the rebel-held northern provinces in the meantime have been protesting massively against the us-strikes they claim are killing not only the terrorists but civilians too, while completely ignoring the targets associated with the syrian government.
numerous videos of such demonstrations held after friday prayers appeared on youtube, with some people questioning the us airstrike strategy which so far failed to cripple assad's military power, while others were expressing support for the creation of the islamic caliphate.
“down with america!” shouted hundreds of men supporting the al-qaeda linked group in the city of maaret al-numan, according to the wall street journal. “with our soul and blood we defend you, nusra!”
but besides the groups classified as terrorist organizations by the us, the west-backed harakat hazm rebel group also criticized the strikes earlier this week.
“the sole beneficiary of this foreign interference in syria is the [president bashar] assad regime, especially in the absence of any real strategy to topple him,” said the group of an estimated 7,000 fighters, describing the strikes as “an attack on national sovereignty that undermines the syrian revolution.”
meanwhile us military officials announced that air attacks on is strongholds in syria was not enough and a ground campaign was needed to crush the terrorists. and such force would be the so-called "moderate opposition" trained and equipped by the us.
read more:pentagon ready to train up to 15,000 syrian rebels
“yes, there has to be a ground component to the campaign against isil in syria,” joint chiefs of staff chairman gen. martin dempsey said, adding that earlier figures pertaining to a group of 5,000 prospective us-trained forces may be but a fraction of what is truly required to degrade and destroy the islamic state.
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ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈkərtəsi əv [noʊt: ðɪs ɪz ə ˈspɛʃəl ɪˈdɪʃən əv ˈnoʊtˌbʊk. ðə vænˈkuvər ɪˈdɪʃən wɪl əˈpɪr ˈleɪtər ðɪs wik.] ˈɪntroʊ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈmæsɪv dɪˈspjuts ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈmæsɪv əˌʤudəˈkeɪʃən. səʧ ɪz ðə keɪs wɪθ ˈmɑfət vi. ˈgeɪvən, ə bɪrd ˌɪmˈbroʊˌljoʊ ðət həz fɔrst ðə ˌɪˈnɔgərəl kənˈvinɪŋ əv ə ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈɛntɪti əv ənkˈwɛsʧənəbəl ˈpɛdəgri: ðə ˈmæsɪv kɔrt. ðə keɪs ˈdʊrɪŋ ɔn ˈeɪprəl 21 ˈhjustən ˈdaɪnəˌmoʊ ˈædəm ˈmɑfət ˈwɑndərd ˈoʊvər wɪθ hɪz θɪk, ˈskɑtɪʃ bɪrd. gru ðɪs ʤɪst fər ˈɛdi gaven,”*,” ˈmɑfət sɛd. ʤɪst ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ʃoʊ ɪm haʊ done.”*.” ðoʊz ər ˈfaɪtɪŋ wərdz ɪn kəˈləmbəs, wɛr ˈɛdi bɪrd ɪz rɪˈvɪrd ɛz ə ˈtæŋgəl əv təfts ðət brɪŋz ˈhæpinəs ənd gʊd ˈfɔrʧən tɪ ɔl ɪt ɪnˈkaʊnərz. ˈmɑfət hɛld fərm, ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ ðət hɪz bɪrd wɑz məʧ ˈbɛtər. ənd wɪθ ðət, ðə bɪrd dɪˈspjut wɑz ˌəndərˈweɪ. ðɛr kʊd bi noʊ ˈtərnɪŋ bæk. ˈmɑfət poʊzd fər ən əˈfɪʃəl bɪrd ˈfoʊˌtoʊ. ˈæftər aɪ snæpt ðə ˈpɪkʧər, hi ˈkɑnfədəntli rɪˈmɑrkt, stænd ə chance.”*.” ˌɪnˈfɔrmd əv kleɪmz, ˈgeɪvən ˈɔlsoʊ poʊzd fər ə bɪrd ˈfoʊˌtoʊ. ðə əˈfɪʃəl bɪrd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ər bɪˈloʊ: ˈæftər ðə geɪm, ɪn wɪʧ ˈgeɪvən skɔrd twaɪs fər kəˈləmbəs ənd ˈmɑfət əˈsɪstɪd wəns fər ˈhjustən ɪn ə drɔ, iʧ ˈlɪtɪgənt rivˈjud ðə ˈpɪkʧərz. gɑt tɪ goʊ wɪθ moffat,”*,” ˈmɑfət sɛd, ˈuzɪŋ wɪθ soʊ məʧ ˈkɑnfədɛns ðət hi rɪˈfərd tɪ hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn ðə θərd ˈpərsən. min, meɪd ə gʊd ˈlɪtəl ˈɛfərt, ənd hi skɔrd ə nis goʊl təˈnaɪt, but….neither*? kən aɪ ʧeɪnʤ maɪ voʊt tɪ ər greɪt photos’*’ naʊ ðət ʃoʊn mi? ˈθɪŋkɪŋ naʊ ˈmeɪbi aɪ ʃʊd gɪt rɪd əv ɪt ˈæftər siɪŋ ðət photo.”*.” tu leɪt naʊ. ðə kleɪmz əv ˌsupɪriˈɔrɪti hæd bɪn meɪd. ðə wilz əv ˈʤəstɪs wər ɔˈrɛdi ˈtərnɪŋ. ˈminˌwaɪl, ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd, ˈgeɪvən wɑz mægˈnænəməs təˈwɔrd hɪz ˈboʊstfəl ˈædvərˌsɛri, ˈivɪn ɛz ˈmɑfət gɑt koʊld fit. əˈgri wɪθ ˈædəm ðət ˈniðər ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈrɪli lʊks good,”*,” ˈgeɪvən sɛd. kɔl ɪt ə drɔ fər now.”*.” bət æt ðət pɔɪnt, ɪt wɑz aʊt əv hɪz hænz. ˈmɑfət vi. ˈgeɪvən wʊd bi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd baɪ ðə kɔrts. loʊər kɔrt ˈrulɪŋ ðət naɪt, ɪn ˈmoʊstli ˈɛmti ˈlɑkər rum, aɪ səbˈmɪtəd ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz fər ə ˈrulɪŋ. ər səʧ kloʊz beards,”*,” sɛd kru ˈrʊki ˈiθən ˈfɪnli. ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈskrægli. aɪ ʤɪst ləv ðə rɛd. ju si ɪt ˈɔfən. aɪ laɪk ðə rɛd. aɪ θɪŋk ɪt gɪvz ɪt ðət ˈlɪtəl bɪt extra.”*.” kru ɪkˈwɪpmənt ˈmænɪʤər ˈrəsti wɑz tɔrn. tɛl ju what,”*,” hi sɛd. hæv tɪ gɪv ðɛm ə taɪ, honestly.”*.” ˈnɑnkəˈmɪtəl prəˈdust ən ˈaʊtˌbərst frəm tim ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz mæn ˈtəkər ˈwɔlθər, hu ˈblərtɪd, ju goʊ (ˈblipɪŋ) wərk fər ˈhjustən then?”*?” ˈæftər ˈɔrdər wɑz rɪˈstɔrd, kru ˈtreɪnər deɪv ˈlægoʊ rivˈjud ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz. my!”*!” hi sɛd əˈpɑn ˈsoʊkɪŋ əp ðə ˈvɪʒwəlz. wi ʤɪst ˈlʊkɪŋ bɪrd? aɪ min, ˈɛdi ɪz ˈklɪrli mɔr ˈhænsəm ðən ˈmɑfət. bət ɪf ju lʊk æt ðə ˈkɑnˌtʊr, aɪ θɪŋk ɪz ˈvɛri wɛl dɪˈfaɪnd. wɛr ˈɛdi ˈluzɪz ɪt ɪz lʊk æt ðə pæʧ. fər mi, ənd aɪ heɪt tɪ seɪ ɪt, bɪˈkəz ˈɑbviəsli ə kru gaɪ, bət ˈgɑtə gɪv ɪt tɪ moffat.”*.” ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ sweɪ dɪˈsɪʒən, dɪˈgri əv ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti wɑz brɔt ˈɪntu ðə mɪks. ɪn laɪt əv ðɪs nu laɪn əv kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ, ˈlægoʊ wɪθˈdru hɪz ˈvərdɪkt ənd kənˈsɪdərd ðə nu ˈʤərzi ˈvərsəz. ˈskɑtlənd daɪˈnæmɪk. frəm jersey,”*,” ˈlægoʊ sɛd, bɪrd ʃʊd ˈnæʧərəli bi ʃeɪvd ˈɪntu ə ənd ə θɪn ˈlɪtəl ˈməˌstæʃ, ənd hɪz hɛr ʃʊd bi spaɪkt. wɛˈræz bɪˈkəz ˈskɑtɪʃ, aɪ θɪŋk ɪf wi hɛld ˈædəm daʊn ənd ʃeɪvd ɪm, aɪ θɪŋk ðət ˌɪnˈsaɪd əv ən aʊər, hi wʊd lʊk laɪk ðət əˈgɛn. ɪt wʊd teɪk ˈɛdi ə hoʊl deɪ tɪ gɪt bæk tɪ hɪz ˈfoʊˌtoʊ. aɪ heɪt tɪ du ðɪs, bət ðə fækt ɪz ðət ˈɛdi həz ə hoʊl ənd ˈmɑfət, soʊ aɪ hæv tɪ goʊ wɪθ moffat.”*.” ðə dɪˈsɪʒən wɑz ˈdɛˌdlɑkt æt məʧ tɪ ðə dɪsˈmeɪ əv ðə ˈɔnˌlʊkərz ɪn ðə ˈkɔrˌtrum. ˈtəkər wɑz əˈgæst, waɪl əˈsɪstənt, ˈkæptən rɑn, rɪˈmɑrkt ðət bɪrdz ər ɛkˈstrævəgənt, bət ˈɛdi həz mɔr length.”*.” əˈlæs, ˈmɑfət vi. ˈgeɪvən ˈnidɪd tɪ bi kɪkt əp tɪ ə haɪər kɔrt. ɪt fər læk əv ˈɛfərt. ˈlægoʊ ˈægəˌnaɪzd ˈoʊvər hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən, ənd ˈfɪnli ˈstədid ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz soʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz ðət ˈtəkər əˈkjuzd ɪm əv ˈɛvəri (ˈblipɪŋ) hɛr ɪn iʧ picture”*” ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmeɪkɪŋ hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən. bət wɪn ɔl wɑz sɛd ənd dən, ˈmɑfət ənd ˈgeɪvən wər ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ ə dɪˈsɪʒən baɪ ə ˈʤʊri əv ðɛr pɪrz. ðɛr mˈjuʧuəl ɪz ən ɪkˈsklusɪv kəˈlɛkʃən əv mɛn noʊn ɛz ˈmæsɪv ˈʧæmpiənz. ənd soʊ, aʊt əv ðɪs nəˈsɛsɪti, ðə ˈmæsɪv kɔrt wɑz brɔt ˈɪntu ɪgˈzɪstəns. ðə ˈmæsɪv kɔrt ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kənˈvin ðə ˈmæsɪv kɔrt, aɪ skaʊərd ðə gloʊb tɪ træk daʊn ɛz ˈmɛni ˈmæsɪv ˈʧæmpiənz frəm ðə 2008 kəˈləmbəs kru ɛz aɪ kʊd ɔn ʃɔrt ˈnoʊtɪs. ðə rɪˈspɑns reɪt ɪkˈsidɪd maɪ ˈwaɪldɪst ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz, bət səʧ ɪz ðɛr ənˈweɪvərɪŋ kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ truθ ənd ˈʤəstɪs. ɪn ðə keɪs əv ˈmɑfət vi. ˈgeɪvən, iʧ ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈmæsɪv kɔrt wɑz ʃoʊn ðə tu əˈfɪʃəl bɪrd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz, ənd ðɛn æst ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz: 1 hu həz ðə ˈbɛtər bɪrd, ˈgeɪvən ər ˈmɑfət? 2 waɪ? hir ər ðɛr ˈrulɪŋz. wi wɪl stɑrt wɪθ ðə mæn hu wɛrz ðə ˈɑrmˌbænd ɔn hɪz robe…*… ʧif ˈʤəstɪs, ˈfræŋki: dɪˈpɛndz ɪf ju laɪk braveheart!!!’*!!!’ wɛl, ðət ˈrɪli ə dɪˈsɪʒən. pərˈhæps, ɛz ðə ˈkæptən, ɔl əv hɪz teammates’*’ bɪrdz ər ˈikwəl ɪn hɪz aɪz. muv ɔn tɪ ðə ˈəðər ˈʤəstɪsɪz. ˈʃʊrli ðeɪ wɪl bi mɔr dɪˈsaɪsɪv. ˈændi gruenebaum*: ˈgeɪvən. ɪf ju kən groʊ ɪt ðət θɪk ənd nɑt bi əv ˈskɑtɪʃ dɪˈsɛnt, ju wɪn. ɛz ˈsɪmpəl ɛz ðət. ju ɪkˈspɛkt ðət frəm ˈmɑfət. bɪrd ɪz talent.”*.” ˈrɑbi ˈrɑʤərz: əv ðiz gaɪz hæv strɔŋ bɪrdz. aɪ fil laɪk ɪf aɪ ʧuz wən əv ðɛm ðɛn aɪ æm əˈtækɪŋ ðə ˈmænˌhʊd. ˈɛˌdiz ɪz ˈprɪti red/orange*, ˈɔlˌmoʊst laɪk wən əv ðə əˈdidəs bɪbz. ənd lʊks laɪk hi həz gɑt səm bərdz ˈnɛstɪŋ ɪn ðət gaɪ. aɪd seɪ ˈmɑfət wɪnz ʤɪst bɪˈkəz hi həz hæd ðət bɪrd sɪns hi wɑz ˈstivən ˈlɛnˌhɑrt: voʊt həz tɪ goʊ tɪ ˈɛdi bɪˈkəz ðət bɪrd ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli hɪz ˈoʊnli frɛnd. ˈɛdi ɪz kaɪnd əv ə ˈloʊnər, soʊ aɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ɪm ənd ðə bɪrd hæv səm gʊd hæŋ outs.”*.” ˈdæni o’rourke*: ““gaven*, fər ʃʊr. ˈɛdi ˈgeɪvən ˈvərsəz ˈɛnibədi ɪn ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ðə ˈwɪnər ɪz ˈɛdi gaven.”*.” ɪˈmænjuəl ekpo*: θɪŋk ˈmɑfət. ɪt lʊks ˈrɪli θɪk ənd ˈʃægi. ɪt meɪks ɪm lʊk laɪk ˈmoʊzɪs frəm ðə bible.”*.” ɑleɪˈjɑndroʊ mɔˈrinoʊ: ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈænsər jʊr kˈwɛʃən, aɪ məst goʊ bæk tɪ 2008 ənd ðə pleɪɔf bɪrdz wi gru ɔn ɑr weɪ tɪ ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp. tu θɪŋz stək fər mi: haʊ ˈɪʧi bɪrdz kən bi ənd haʊ məʧ fud ˈɛdi træps ɪn hɪz ˈʤɪnʤər meɪn. ðoʊ ˈædəm həz ə ˈnæʧərəl ənd θəroʊ groʊθ, ˈɛdi gɪts maɪ voʊt. hɪz bɪrd ɪz ənˈkɛmpt, ˈkɛrlɛs, fri, ˌɪˈrɛvərənt, ənd ðə ˈklɪnʧər ənˈdaʊtɪdli ˈʤɪnʤər. ə pɑrt əv mi ˈsɪmpli wɔnts ˈɛdi tɪ bi ɪn ðə ˈspɑˌtlaɪt bɪˈkəz aɪ noʊ hi ˌɛnˈʤɔɪz ɪt ˈθəroʊli... nɑt ˈrɪli! ɪt wʊd bi fən tɪ si maɪ oʊld ˈruˌmeɪt traɪ tɪ skwərm əˈweɪ frəm ðə attention.”*.” ˈʤinoʊ pɑˈdulə: "aɪ laɪk ˈɛˌdiz bɪrd ˈbɛtər. ˈmɑfət lʊks laɪk hiz 55 jɪrz oʊld. hi lʊks laɪk maɪ ˈgrænˌfɑðər." braɪən ˈkɛrəl: ““wow*! boʊθ ər ˈɛksələnt bɪrdz. aɪ wɪl hæv tɪ ʧuz ˈmɪstər. bɪˈkəz aɪ θɪŋk ɪt teɪks ˈɛkstrə ˈkɑnfədɛns tɪ spɔrt ə rɛd bɪrd tɪ wərk. ju ʤɪst doʊnt si ə fʊl rɛd bɪrd məʧ ðiz deɪz ənd aɪ θɪŋk ɪts awesome.”*.” bræd ˈɛvənz: ðə weɪ, sərk ɔn maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn ɪz dork*. ˈɛniˌweɪ, aɪl kip ɪt ʃɔrt ənd ˈsɪmpəl. ʧɔk wən əp fər ɛd bɪˈkəz ˈnəθɪŋ lʊks gʊd ɔn ˈɛdi, ɪkˈsɛpt hɪz beard.”*.” ʤɛd zayner*: "ˈbɛtər bɪrd ɪn tərmz əv wət? hu lʊks mɔr ˈhoʊmləs? ðæts ˈdɛfənətli ˈɛdi ˈgeɪvən. wɪʧ bɪrd lʊks mɔr laɪk ðə kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃən əv ə sˈwɛtər? ðɛn, jɛs, ðæts ˈædəm ˈmɑfət. "fər wən, ˈɛdi lʊks ˈhoʊmləs ə lɔt, soʊ ðɪs fɪts hɪz staɪl. tu, ˈædəm ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈhɛri gaɪ. hi həz ə ˈbɑdi sut əv hɛr." pæt ˈnunən: ʧɛkt aʊt ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz, ənd ɛz məʧ ɛz aɪ laɪk bɪrd, aɪ hæv tɪ goʊ wɪθ ˈɛdi. ˈrizən: nɑt ˈɔfən du ju kəm əˈkrɔs ə nis ˈʤɪnʤər bɪrd. pləs, ˈɛˌdiz soʊ fɑr frəm təf ðət ɪt ʤɪst meɪks mi laugh.”*.” ˈʤeɪsən ˈgæri: boʊθ wɪn. ˈædəm wɪnz fər ðə ˈprɑpərli staɪld ənd trɪmd tru ˈskɑtɪʃ bɪrd. ˈɛdi wɪnz fər ðə ˈdərtiəst, rattiest*, bɪrd, wɪʧ ɪz ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əˈʧivmənt əˈwɔrd fər him.”*.” ˈstɛfəni miglioranzi*: ɔf, aɪ doʊnt noʊ haʊ ðiz tu gaɪz ər ˈmɛrid ənd haʊ ðɛr waɪvz hæv lɛt ðɪs ˈhæpən. aɪ wʊd hæv noʊ kɪdz ɪf aɪ hæd ə bɪrd laɪk ðət bɪˈkəz maɪ waɪf ˈwʊdənt goʊ nɪr mi. ˈsɛkəndli, boʊθ ər ˈtɛrəbəl! soʊ baɪ dɪˈfɔlt, ðə list ˈtɛrəbəl bɪrd wɪl wɪn maɪ voʊt ɛz ðə bɛst wən. wɪnz ðə list ˈtɛrəbəl bɪrd əˈwɔrd baɪ ə ˈlænsˌlaɪd. ˈsɑri ˈɛdi! ˌɔlˈðoʊ jʊrz ɪz lɔŋ, ɪt ɪz stɪl ˈvɛri ˈpæʧi. ˈædəm ɪz ə ˈhaɪˌlændər ˈæftər ɔl, ənd ˈwɪljəm ˈwɔlɪs wʊd bi ˈvɛri praʊd tɪ faɪt əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ɪm, əˈspɛʃəli sɪns sɔrdz ər nɑt ðə ˈiziəst ˈʃeɪvɪŋ ˈɪnstrəmənts tɪ juz. ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ ˈɛdi ˈrɪli həz goʊɪŋ fər ɪm ɪz ðə ˈkələr. rɛd bɪrd ɪˈvoʊks greɪt ˈpaɪrət ˈlɛʤəndz, bət ənˈlɛs ju wɪl rɑb, ˈpləndər ənd ˈpɪlɪʤ ˈəðərz, ɪt ɪz nɑt bɪˈfɪtɪŋ. aɪ noʊ ˈɛdi woʊnt du ˈɛni əv ðoʊz θɪŋz. hi ɪz ðə ˈkaɪndəst ˈpərsən aɪ hæv ˈɛvər mɛt! boʊθ əv ju, pliz ʃeɪv. aɪ wɪl peɪ fər iʧ əv ju tɪ goʊ tɪ ə ˈbɑrbər ənd hæv ðət removed.”*.” ˈwɪljəm hesmer*:. ɛz fər pruf əv hɪz bɪrd ˌsupɪriˈɔrɪti, hɪz sən, zæk, ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈgɪvɪŋ hɪz mɑm ə ʧɛst ræʃ frəm hɪz ˈwɪskərz. pləs, ˈɛˌdiz maɪ ˈtiˌmeɪt ənd hiz nɑt scottish.”*.” gwɪˈljɛrmoʊ ˈbɑroʊz schelotto*: θɪŋk ɪt ɪz taɪ. ˈmɑfət həz mɔr ðən ˈɛdi, bət bɪrd ɪz ə brænd frəm kəˈləmbəs crew.”*.” ˈdəŋkən oughton*: bɪrd wʊd wɪn ɪf ju wər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðə bɪrd əv ə ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈbækˈwʊdz ˈbreɪvhɑrt ˈwɑnəˌbi. bɪrd wʊd wɪn ɪf ju wər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðə bɪrd əv ə ˈsɪˌriəl ˈkɪlər. aɪ æm ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈniðər əv ðoʊz tu θɪŋz, soʊ aɪ gɪv ɪt tɪ ˈɛdi bɪˈkəz hi bæŋd ɪn tu goʊlz fər ðə crew.”*.” ðə ˈvərdɪkt baɪ ə ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈrɛkərd əv ðə ɛˈstimd ənd ˈɑnərəbəl ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈmæsɪv kɔrt, ɪn ðə keɪs əv ˈmɑfət vi. ˈgeɪvən, hæv ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋli ruld ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ðə dɪˈfɛndənt. ɪt ɪz hɪrˈbaɪ əˈfərmd ðət ˈɛdwərd ˈgeɪvən həz groʊn ðə moʊst ˈmæsɪv bɪrd ɪn ɔl ðə lænd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈskɑtlənd. kɔrt ɪz əˈʤərnd. kˈwɛsʧənz? ˈkɑmɛnts? θɪŋk ʧif ˈʤəstɪs ʃʊd neɪm hɪz ˈgævəl gavel”*” ənd pʊt ə bɪrd ɔn ɪt? fil fri tɪ raɪt æt ər ˈviə tˈwɪtər
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photo courtesy of @massivecityffc
[note: this is a special edition of sirk’s notebook. the vancouver edition will appear later this week.]
intro
sometimes massive disputes require massive adjudication. such is the case with moffat v. gaven, a beard imbroglio that has forced the inaugural convening of a judicial entity of unquestionable pedigree: the massive court.
***
the case
during pregame warm-ups on april 21, houston dynamo midfielder adam moffat wandered over with his thick, scottish beard.
“i grew this just for eddie gaven,” moffat said. “i just wanted to show him how done.”
those are fighting words in columbus, where eddie gaven’s beard is revered as a talismanic tangle of rust-colored tufts that brings happiness and good fortune to all it encounters. moffat held firm, insisting that his beard was much better. and with that, the beard dispute was underway. there could be no turning back.
moffat posed for an official beard photo. after i snapped the picture, he confidently remarked, “eddie doesn’t stand a chance.” informed of moffat’s claims, gaven also posed for a beard photo.
the official beard photos are below:
after the game, in which gaven scored twice for columbus and moffat assisted once for houston in a 2-2 draw, each litigant reviewed the pictures.
“i’ve got to go with moffat,” moffat said, oozing with so much confidence that he referred to himself in the third person. “i mean, eddie’s made a good little effort, and he scored a nice goal tonight, but….neither? can i change my vote to ‘neither are great photos’ now that you’ve shown me? i’m thinking now maybe i should get rid of it after seeing that photo.”
too late now. the claims of face-bush superiority had been made. the wheels of justice were already turning.
meanwhile, as expected, gaven was magnanimous toward his boastful adversary, even as moffat got cold feet.
“i agree with adam that neither photo really looks good,” gaven said. “i'll call it a draw for now.”
but at that point, it was out of his hands. moffat v. gaven would be decided by the courts.
***
lower court ruling
that night, in mostly empty locker room, i submitted the photos for a ruling.
“those are such close beards,” said crew rookie ethan finlay. “eddie’s is a little more scraggly. i just love the red. you don’t see it often. i like the red. i think it gives it that little bit extra.”
crew equipment manager rusty wummel was torn. “i’ll tell you what,” he said. “i’d have to give them a tie, honestly.”
wummel’s non-committal produced an outburst from team operations man tucker walther, who blurted, “why don’t you go (bleeping) work for houston then?”
after order was restored, crew trainer dave lagow reviewed the photos.
“oh my!” he said upon soaking up the visuals. “are we just looking beard? i mean, eddie is clearly more handsome than moffat. but if you look at the contour, i think moffat’s is very well defined. where eddie loses it is look at the patch. for me, and i hate to say it, because obviously i’m a crew guy, but i’ve gotta give it to moffat.”
in an effort to sway lagow’s decision, degree of difficulty was brought into the mix. in light of this new line of questioning, lagow withdrew his verdict and considered the new jersey vs. scotland dynamic.
“because eddie’s from jersey,” lagow said, “his beard should naturally be shaved into a chinstrap and a thin little mustache, and his hair should be spiked. whereas because moffat’s scottish, i think if we held adam down and shaved him, i think that inside of an hour, he would look like that again. it would take eddie a whole day to get back to his photo. i hate to do this, but the fact is that eddie has a hole and moffat doesn’t, so i have to go with moffat.”
the decision was deadlocked at 1-1-1, much to the dismay of the onlookers in the courtroom. tucker was aghast, while wummel’s assistant, captain ron, remarked that “both beards are extravagant, but eddie has more length.”
alas, moffat v. gaven needed to be kicked up to a higher court. it wasn’t for lack of effort. lagow agonized over his decision, and finlay studied the photos so many times that tucker accused him of “counting every (bleeping) hair in each picture” before making his decision.
but when all was said and done, moffat and gaven were entitled to a decision by a jury of their peers. their mutual peer-base is an exclusive collection of men known as massive champions.
and so, out of this necessity, the massive court was brought into existence.
***
the massive court
in order to convene the massive court, i scoured the globe to track down as many massive champions from the 2008 columbus crew as i could on short notice. the response rate exceeded my wildest expectations, but such is their unwavering commitment to truth and justice. in the case of moffat v. gaven, each member of the massive court was shown the two official beard photos, and then asked the following questions:
1. who has the better beard, gaven or moffat?
2. why?
here are their rulings. we will start with the man who wears the armband on his judge’s robe…
chief justice, frankie hejduk: “it depends if you like braveheart!!!’
well, that wasn’t really a decision. perhaps, as the captain, all of his teammates’ beards are equal in his eyes. let’s move on to the other justices. surely they will be more decisive.
andy gruenebaum: “eddie gaven. if you can grow it that thick and not be of scottish descent, you win. as simple as that. you expect that from moffat. eddie’s beard is talent.”
robbie rogers: “both of these guys have strong beards. i feel like if i choose one of them then i am attacking the other’s manhood. eddie's is pretty red/orange, almost like one of the adidas bibs. and adam’s looks like he has got some birds nesting in that guy. i'd say moffat wins just because he has had that beard since he was 14.”
steven lenhart: “my vote has to go to eddie because that beard is probably his only friend. eddie is kind of a loner, so i imagine him and the beard have some good hang outs.”
danny o’rourke: “gaven, for sure. eddie gaven versus anybody in anything, the winner is eddie gaven.”
emmanuel ekpo: “i think moffat. it looks really thick and shaggy. it makes him look like moses from the bible.”
alejandro moreno: “in order to answer your question, i must go back to 2008 and the playoff beards we grew on our way to the championship. two things stuck for me: how itchy beards can be and how much food eddie traps in his ginger mane.
“even though adam has a natural and thorough growth, eddie gets my vote. his beard is unkempt, careless, free, irreverent, and – the clincher – undoubtedly ginger. a part of me simply wants eddie to be in the spotlight because i know he enjoys it thoroughly... not really! it would be fun to see my old roommate try to squirm away from the attention.”
gino padula: "i like eddie's beard better. moffat looks like he's 55 years old. he looks like my grandfather."
brian carroll: “wow! both are excellent beards. i will have to choose mr. gaven's because i think it takes extra confidence to sport a red beard to work. you just don't see a full red beard much these days and i think it's awesome.”
brad evans: “by the way, sirk autocorrected on my iphone is dork. anyway, i'll keep it short and simple. chalk one up for ed because nothing looks good on eddie, except his beard.”
jed zayner: "better beard in terms of what? who looks more homeless? that's definitely eddie gaven. which beard looks more like the continuation of a sweater? then, yes, that's adam moffat.
"for one, eddie looks homeless a lot, so this fits his style. two, adam is a very hairy guy. he has a body suit of hair."
pat noonan: “i checked out the photos, and as much as i like adam’s beard, i have to go with eddie. reason: not often do you come across a nice ginger beard. plus, eddie's so far from tough that it just makes me laugh.”
jason garey: “they both win. adam wins for the properly styled and trimmed true scottish beard. eddie wins for the dirtiest, rattiest, scariest-to-little-children beard, which is a lifetime achievement award for him.”
stefani miglioranzi: “first off, i don't know how these two guys are married and how their wives have let this happen. i would have no kids if i had a beard like that because my wife wouldn't go near me. secondly, both are terrible! so by default, the least terrible beard will win my vote as the best one.
“adam wins the least terrible beard award by a landslide. sorry eddie! although yours is long, it is still very patchy. adam is a highlander after all, and william wallace would be very proud to fight alongside him, especially since swords are not the easiest shaving instruments to use. the only thing eddie really has going for him is the color. red beard evokes great pirate legends, but unless you will rob, plunder and pillage others, it is not befitting. i know eddie won't do any of those things. he is the kindest person i have ever met!
“so both of you, please shave. i will pay for each of you to go to a barber and have that removed.”
william hesmer: “eddie. as for proof of his beard superiority, his one-year-old son, zach, is already giving his mom a chest rash from his whiskers. plus, eddie's my teammate and he's not scottish.”
guillermo barros schelotto: “i think it is tie. moffat has more than eddie, but gaven's beard is a brand from columbus crew.”
duncan oughton: “moffat’s beard would win if you were looking for the beard of a scottish backwoods braveheart wannabe. eddie’s beard would win if you were looking for the beard of a serial killer. i am looking for neither of those two things, so i give it to eddie because he banged in two goals for the crew.”
***
the verdict
by a voting record of 10-3-4, the esteemed and honorable members of the massive court, in the case of moffat v. gaven, have overwhelmingly ruled in favor of the defendant. it is hereby affirmed that edward gaven has grown the most massive beard in all the land, including scotland.
court is adjourned.
questions? comments? think chief justice hejduk should name his gavel “eddie gavel” and put a beard on it? feel free to write at sirk65@yahoo.com or via twitter @stevesirk
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ə ˈhɪstəri baɪ ˈændru kɔrˈnɛl əv ˈvænˌgɑrd, ən ˈænərˌkɪst ˈʤərnəl prəˈdust ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ɪn nu jɔrk. ˈteɪkən frəm kɔrˈnɛlz ˈɛksələnt ə wərld wɪˈθaʊt əˈprɛsərz: juz. frəm ðə ˈpɑmər reɪdz tɪ ðə ˈsɪkstiz" ɪn 1932 ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup fɔrmd. ɪt wʊd bɪˈkəm ðə ˈlidɪŋ vɔɪs əv ɪn ðə ˈpɪriəd. ˈvænˌgɑrd bɪˈgæn ɛz ə ˈsərkəl əv ə ˈænərˌkɪsts ɪn ðɛr tˈwɛntiz ənd ˈərli ˈθərtiz hu mɛt ˈəndər ðə ˈɔspɪsɪz əv ðə roʊd tɪ ˈfridəm grup ənd θru ðɛr parents’*’ ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn nu ʤuɪʃ ˈænərˌkɪst mɪˈljʊ. ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ðə grup wɑz ʃeɪpt praɪˈmɛrəli baɪ eɪb ˈblʊstin ənd hɪz frɛnd sæm, ˈwərkɪŋ ˈəndər ðə ˈtjutɪlɪʤ əv ən ˈoʊldər ˈæktɪvɪst, mɑrk ʃmɪt. ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup ənd lɔnʧt ɪts ˈɔrgən, ˈvænˌgɑrd: ə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˈkɑmjənəst ˈʤərnəl, ˈpɑrʃəli tɪ ˈkaʊntərˌækt ənd ˈtɛndənsiz ɪn. ˈklɛrə ˈfridmən, ə ˈfaʊndɪŋ ˈmɛmbər, ɪkˈspleɪnd, ˈpərpəs wɑz tɪ wərk aʊt ə ˈpɑzətɪv ˈproʊˌgræm, tɪ dil wɪθ ɪn lɛs əˈmɔrfəs ənd mɔr ˈkɑnkrit tərmz, tɪ ʃoʊ ɪt wɑz ə ˈvaɪəbəl ˈsoʊʃəl philosophy.”*.” ɪˈlæbəreɪtəd: wi ˈwɔntɪd ə ˈpeɪpər wɪʧ wʊd əˈpil tɪ ˈpipəl hu hæv ə ˈmɑdɪkəm əv ˈkɑmən sɛns ənd hu ˈæˌkʧuəli wɔnt tɪ rɛd ən ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən əv goʊɪŋ ɔn ðət wɪl gɪv ə ˈfizəbəl ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəbəl əˈproʊʧ tɪ ðə ˈprɑbləm əv ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm. tɪ ˈprɛzənt ðə ˈklæsɪk əv ənd bakunin*, ənd tɪ səm ɪkˈstɛnt prodhoun*, ənd ðə ril ˈænərˌkɪst ˈmuvmənts ðət hæv ruts əˈməŋ ðə ˈpipəl, əˈməŋ ðə ˈmæsɪz ənd ðə ˈleɪbər ˈmuvmənt, ənd ðət pʊts ɪn ðə pərˈspɛktɪv ɛz ə pɑrt ənd ˈpɑrsəl əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈmuvmənt. wi kənˈsɪdərd ɑrˈsɛlvz tɪ bi ðə lɛft wɪŋ əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈmuvmənt. wi wər ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈænərˌkɪsts, wi wər nɑt ˌɪndəˈvɪʤuəlɪsts, ər ɔl sɔrts əv θɪŋz. soʊ wi kɔld ɑrˈsɛlvz ən ˈʤərnəl tɪ ˌdɪfərˈɛnʧiˌeɪt ɑrˈsɛlvz frəm ðə ˈəðərz. ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludɪd waɪf, ˈɛstər, ənd hɪz ˈjəŋgər ˈbrəðər, ˈtɑmi. waɪf ˈsɛlmə, ənd hɪz ˈsɪti ˈkɑlɪʤ frɛndz ˈsɪdni soʊloʊˈmæn ənd ˈroʊmən pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈfaʊndɪŋ ˈmitɪŋ, wɪʧ tʊk pleɪs ɪn ðə hoʊm əv ˈklɛrə ˈfridmən. ˈfɑðər wɑz ən ˈɔfɪsər ɪn ðə ənd sərvd, fər ə taɪm, ɛz ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv ðə ʤuɪʃ ˈænərˌkɪst ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən. ˈfridmən sərvd ɛz ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri, ənd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ əˈnəðər ˈmɛmbər, faɪvz taɪmz ɛz məʧ wərk ɛz ˈɛnibədi ɛls: ˌkɔrəˈspɑndəns, ˈsɛlɪŋ ˈpeɪpərz, ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈmitɪŋz, dəˈbeɪts, ənd lectures.”*.” ðoʊ ðə grup wɑz fɔrmd baɪ ðə ˈʧɪldrən əv ʤuɪʃ ˈɪməgrənts, ɪt ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli əˈtræktəd səm ˈmɛmbərz wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt ˈɛθnɪk ənd ˈreɪʃəl ˈbækˌgraʊndz. ˈɛdi wɔŋ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈblʊstin, wɑz ˈænərˌkɪst frəm ˈʧaɪnə. hi hæd tɪ ɪˈskeɪp frəm ˈʧaɪnə bɪˈkəz ˈəðərˌwaɪz hi wʊd hæv bɪn ɪn nu jɔrk, wɔŋ ʤɔɪnd ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup ənd trænzˈleɪtəd wərks baɪ ˈɪntu hɪz ˈneɪtɪv ˈlæŋgwɪʤ. təˈgɛðər wɪθ ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈmɛmbər toʊn ənd ˈəðər ʧaɪˈniz ˈænərˌkɪsts, wɔŋ ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə ʧaɪˈniz ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd nɪr ˈjunjən skwɛr ðət ˈhoʊstɪd ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ ˈdɪnərz fər ðə ˈmuvmənt. ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup ˈɔlsoʊ kleɪmd ə fju ˌɪˈtæljənz, ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv irishmen*, ənd ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈæfrɪkɑn- əˈmɛrɪkən ˈmɛmbər, glɛn ˈkɛrɪŋtən. ˈkɛrɪŋtən, hu wɑz geɪ, wərkt ɛz ə pəroʊl ˈɔfɪsər, ənd ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli roʊt ʃɔrt ˈɑrtɪkəlz fər ˈvænˌgɑrd ɔn ˈnigroʊ question”*” ˈəndər ðə neɪm ʤɔrʤ ˈkreɪtən. eɪb ˈblʊstin rɪˈkɔld, hæd wən ˈgaɪdɪŋ ˈtiʧər, ju maɪt seɪ, hu wɑz ˈoʊldər ðən ˈjuˈɛs, ə ˈvɛri ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt, ˈvɛri man.”*.” mɑrk ʃmɪt hæd lɪvd ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts fər jɪrz, bət hæd rɪˈtərnd tɪ ˈrəʃə wɪn ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən broʊk aʊt, ˈoʊnli tɪ seɪl wɛst əˈgɛn ˈæftər bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˌdɪsɪˈluʒənd wɪθ ðə ˈboʊlʃəˌvɪk rəˈʒim. ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət ““erudition*, hɪz ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ˈænərˌkɪst aɪˈdiəz ənd ˈhɪstəri, hɪz ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ɪkˈspɪriəns, ɔl hɛlpt tɪ ˈklɛrəˌfaɪ ənd wərk aʊt ðə ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən əv vanguard.”*.” mɔˈroʊvər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈblʊstin, hi greɪt ˈɛnərʤi ənd draɪv ənd kɛpt ˈjuˈɛs təˈgɛðər ɛz ə grup mɔr ðən wi wʊd hæv bɪn ɪf lɛft tɪ ourselves.”*.” ʃmɪt, ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈəndər ðə senex*, kənˈtrɪbjutɪd səm əv ðə moʊst ərˈɪʤənəl ənd ˈʃɑrpli ˈɑrgjud ˈɑrtɪkəlz ðət ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈprɪnɪd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, səm əv hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl treɪts ˈɔlsoʊ pruvd tɪ bi ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪtiz fər ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən. luɪs sˈleɪtər rɪˈmɛmbərd, ˈsəmˌwən meɪd ə mɪˈsteɪk, hi læft mockingly.”*.” ˈklɛrə ˈfridmən (soʊloʊˈmæn) ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz faʊnd ɪm [pəft əp], tɪ juz ə ˈjɪdɪʃ ɪkˈsprɛʃən, unapproachable.”*.” ʃi rɪˈkɔld ðət wʊd wərk ɔn wən ˈpərsən æt ə taɪm ənd geɪn kənˈtroʊl əv tʊk ə dɪsˈlaɪk tɪ ˈsərtən ˈpipəl, ənd hi hæd kənˈtɛmpt fər ˈwɪmən, hum hi kənˈsɪdərd inferior.”*.” ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl wərk əv ðə grup wɑz ðə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən əv ˈvænˌgɑrd: ən ˈænərˌkɪst ˈkɑmjənəst ˈʤərnəl, wɪʧ ɪt ˈɪʃud ˈmənθli wɪn fəndz əˈlaʊd. ðə ˈpeɪpər riʧt ə pik ˈsərkjəˌleɪʃən əv tɪ səbˈskraɪbərz, ˈmɛni əv ðɛm əˈbrɔd. rɪˈkɔld ðət ɪt meɪnˈteɪnd gʊd ˈsərkjəˌleɪʃən ənd ə gʊd ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən. wi hæd ə ˈvɛri gʊd stæf əv ˈfɔrən correspondents.”*.” ˌɪnˈdid, ðə ˈʤərnəl ˈkɛrid ˈrɛgjələr ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz frəm ðə laɪks əv ˈɛmə ˈgoʊldmən, ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈbərkmən, ðə ˈʤərmən ˈruˌdɑlf ˈrɑkər, ənd ˈɔfɪsərz əv ðə frɛnʧ ənd ˈspænɪʃ ˈleɪbər ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃənz, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz. ˈvænˌgɑrd wɑz mɔr əv ə ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈʤərnəl ðən ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz laɪk ðə roʊd tɪ ˈfridəm ər mæn!; waɪl mæn! ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd ə anarchism”*” ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup lɔnʧt ɪts ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən wɪθ ə ˈvɪʒən əv soʊ dɪˈteɪld ɪt spænd θri ˈɪʃuz. ˈvænˌgɑrd bɪˈlivd ɪn ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈwərkɪŋ ˈpipəl tɪ ˈstrəgəl fər ˌɪˈmiˌdiət dɪˈmændz ɪn ðə ʃɔrt tərm ənd tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ə ˈʤɛnərəl straɪk ər ˌɪnsərˈɛkʃən ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈɪnstɪˌtutɪŋ ə ˈkɑmjənəst soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɪdni soʊloʊˈmæn, ˈvænˌgɑrd wi meɪd noʊ hɑrd ənd fæst dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪtˈwin ənd, bət wi wər nɑt anarchist-individualists.”*.” laɪk, ðə grup dɪˈzaɪərd ə soʊˈsaɪɪti ðət prəˈvaɪdɪd fər iʧ əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɛr nidz, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɛr ˈleɪbər ˈɪnˌpʊt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈvænˌgɑrd bɪˈlivd, əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ˈfɪgjərz laɪk ˈruˌdɑlf ˈrɑkər ənd g.p*. maximoff*, ðət ðə ˈʃʊrɪst rut tɪ səʧ ə ɛnd goʊl ˈəndər kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri kənˈdɪʃənz wɑz ðə ˈviə ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ˈpaʊərfəl, ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈleɪbər ˈjunjənz. waɪl mæn! pɔrˈtreɪd ˈleɪbər ˈjunjənz ɛz ə minz əv kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈwərkɪŋ spɑnˈteɪniəs rɪˈbɛljənz, ˈvænˌgɑrd sɔ ˈrædɪkəl ˈjunjənz ɛz ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈɪnstrəmənts tɪ ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪt ə ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈɔrdər. ˈvænˌgɑrd dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈklɪrli, ðɛn, frəm əˈvaʊədli ˌɪndɪvɪˈduəlɪst ˈænərˌkɪsts hu ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ɔn ðə raɪt tɪ ˈpraɪvət ˈprɑpərti, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðoʊz ðət sɔt tɪ ˈstrædəl ər ˈsɪnθəˌsaɪz ˌɪndɪvɪˈduəlɪst ənd ˈsoʊʃəlɪst pərˈspɛktɪvz. waɪl ðɪs ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə ˈklɛrɪti əv ˈvɪʒən, ðə editors’*’ ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv wət ˈɪʃuz smækt əv ˌɪndɪvɪˈduəˌlɪzəm lɛft ðə ˈkɑntɛnts ˈnɛroʊli ˈfoʊkɪst: ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ““bohemian,”*,” səʧ ɛz kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən əv ˈmɑdərn ɑrt, ər ðə pərˈmoʊʃən əv prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈʤɛndər roʊlz, wɑz aʊt. ðə ˈɛdɪtərz əv ˈvænˌgɑrd ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ɔn prɪˈzɛntɪŋ ə mɔr ˈklɪrli dɪˈfaɪnd ˈvɪʒən fər haʊ tɪ kriˈeɪt ʧeɪnʤ ðən ðɛr ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts æt roʊd tɪ ˈfridəm ər mæn!. tɪ bi ˈifɛktɪv, ðeɪ bɪˈlivd, ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈænərˌkɪst grups məst goʊ bɪɔnd əˈdhɪrəns tɪ ˌɛləˈmɛnʧri generalities”*” ənd ʃɛr ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt dɪˈgri əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈjunɪti. ˈmɛmbərz əv səʧ ə grup məst əˈgri əˈpɑn ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈtɛnəts əv ɪts ˈænərˌkɪst fəˈlɑsəfi ɛz wɛl ɛz əˈpɑn ɪts ˈkɑnkrit fɔrm əv ɪkˈsprɛʃən ɪn ðə fild əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈækʃən; əˈpɑn ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈtæktɪkəl laɪn ˈkəmɪŋ ɛz ðə ˈkrɪstəˌlaɪzd ɪkˈspɪriəns əv ðə ˈænərˌkɪst ˈmuvmənt ɛz ə hoʊl, ɛz wɛl ɛz əˈpɑn ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈstrætəʤi, ɪˈvɑlvd ɪn əˈkɔrdəns wɪθ ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk nidz əv iʧ ənd ˈɛvəri pleɪs ənd hɪˈstɔrɪkəl moment.”*.” dɪˈspaɪt ˈaʊtˈspoʊkən ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ənd prəˈvaɪd ˈlidərˌʃɪp ɪn ðə ˈmuvmənt, ðə grup wɑz ˈkɑnʃəs ðət ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə neɪm ““vanguard”*” wʊd bi kənˈtɛnʃəs, əˈspɛʃəli ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈpɪriəd wɪn ˈkɑmjənəsts wər soʊ ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɔn ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðət ˈmæntəl. ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ə klɪr græsp əv ˈmɑrksɪst fəˈlɑsəfi, ðə grup ɪkˈspleɪnd: wi wɔnt tɪ rɪˈvaɪv hir, ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə, ðə greɪt ˈænərˌkɪst aɪˈdiə əv ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈvænˌgɑrd, ðə məˈnɔrəti ɪn ðə greɪt mæs ˈstrəgəlz əv təˈdeɪ ənd ðə nɪr fˈjuʧər. ðə aɪˈdiə əv ən ˈæktɪv ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈvænˌgɑrd ɪz nɑt ə spəˈsɪfɪkli ˈkɑmjənəst aɪˈdiə. ðə ˈkɑmjənəsts dɪˈstɔrtɪd ɪt, dɪˈgreɪdɪd ɪt tɪ ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ə ˌhaɪˈrɑrkəkəl ˌæpərˈætəs. wi ˈænərˌkɪsts ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈliv ɪn ðə aɪˈdiə əv ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈvænˌgɑrd, bət wi du nɑt kleɪm ˈɛni dɪˈvaɪn raɪts. wi du nɑt kleɪm tɪ bi ðə ˈoʊnli tru ˈmaʊθˌpis əv ðə ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈhɪstəri, ər ðə vaɪˈkɛriəs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz əv ðə wɪl əv ðə ˌproʊləˈtɛriət. ˈvænˌgɑrd ədˈmɪtəd ɪt dɪd nɑt jɛt hæv ə ˈfʊli koʊˈhɪrənt ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ ˈprɛzənt, bət ɪt dɪd nɑt dɪsˈmɪs kˈwɛsʧənz əv ˈvɪʒən ənd ˈstrætəʤi ɛz ənɪmˈpɔrtənt ər ən ˌɪmpəˈzɪʃən ɔn fˈjuʧər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz. ˈrəðər, kənˈtrɪbjətərz sɔt tɪ ʧɪp əˈweɪ æt hɑrd kˈwɛsʧənz ɪn ə ˈpræktɪkəl ˈmænər. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, grup ˈmɛmbərz ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈɑrtɪkəlz tɪ ˈθiərˌaɪzɪŋ ən ˈænərˌkɪst ˈkɑnsɛpt ˈlaɪkli tɪ rik əv ˈboʊlʃəˌvɪzəm tɪ ˈmɛni əv ðɛr kənˈtɛmpərˌɛriz. ðə grup ˈɔlsoʊ krɪˈtikt ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈænərˌkɪst ˈkɑləniz ɛz ə səˈfɪʃənt minz əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʧeɪnʤ, ənd ˈblæstɪd ˈænərˌkɪsts ˈkɑntɛnt tɪ spɛnd ðɛr laɪf kənˈdəktɪŋ səʧ ““experiments.”*.” əˈnɑnəməs kənˈtrɪbjətər roʊt: ən bi ˌɪnˈdɛfənətli pərˈsud, wɪˈθaʊt ˈteɪkɪŋ stɑk əv ɔl ˈpriviəs ˈfeɪljərz ənd wɪˈθaʊt ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ ə ˈsərtən ˈvɛriənt ɪn iʧ ənd ˈɛvəri ˈhɪstəri əv səʧ əˈtɛmpts, fər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə ˈsɛnʧəri, tɪ sɑlv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈprɑbləm ˈviə ˈkɑləni ˈbɪldɪŋ həz ˈklɪrli ʃoʊn ðə fjuˈtɪləti əv səʧ ə ˈmɛθəd. tɪ kip ɔn rɪˈpitɪŋ ðə seɪm əˈtɛmpts, wɪˈθaʊt ən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt əˈpreɪzəl əv ɔl ðə ˈnumərəs ˈfeɪljərz ɪn ðə pæst ɪz nɑt tɪ əˈphoʊld ðə raɪt tɪ ɪkˈspɛrəmənt, bət tɪ ˌɪnˈsɪst əˈpɑn raɪt tɪ ɪˈskeɪp frəm ðə hɑrd fækts əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈstrəgəl ˈɪntu ðə wərld əv ˈwɪʃfəl bɪˈlif. əˈgɛnst səʧ strəˈtiʤɪk complaisance*, ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd ə əˈproʊʧ ənd əˈsərtəd ðə nid fər waɪd skeɪl ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ. ɛz ˈmoʊstli ˈsɛkənd ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ˈɪməgrənts, hu gru əp ˈspikɪŋ ˈɪŋlɪʃ ənd əˈtɛndɪŋ ˈpəblɪk skul ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup pərˈzɛnəd ə ˈbədɪŋ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə toʊl ðə proʊˈfaʊnd ʃɪft ɪn ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə riˈstrɪktɪv ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən lɔz əv 1924 wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈænərˌkɪst ˈmuvmənt. ðeɪ dɪˈklɛrd ðɛmˈsɛlvz ə group,”*,” nɑt bɪˈkəz ðeɪ riˈstrɪktɪd ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp beɪst ɔn eɪʤ, bət bɪˈkəz ðeɪ bɪˈlivd ðət ðɛr wɑz ə strəˈtiʤɪk nəˈsɛsɪti fər ðə ˈmuvmənt tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈbrɪŋɪŋ jəŋ ˈpipəl ˈɪntu ðə foʊld. wi ər əv ðə əˈpɪnjən ðət ðə ˈænərˌkɪst ˈmuvmənt əv əˈmɛrɪkə həz ˈwoʊfəli nɪˈglɛktɪd ðə ˌɛləˈmɛnʧri tæsk əv ˈbɪldɪŋ əp ə juθ ˈmuvmənt. kupt əp wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈkɑnˌfaɪnz əv ˈlɪtəl ˈnæʃənəl ˈkɑləniz, ˈbroʊkən əp ənd ˈfrægməntɪd ˈɪntu kəmˈpɑrtmənts əv ˈnæʃənəl ˈmuvmənts, ɪt ˈnɛvər roʊz tɪ ðə ˈriləˈzeɪʃən əv ðə ˈərʤənsi əv ðə juθ ˈmuvmənt. ɪt kʊd nɑt θɪŋk ɪn tərmz əv əˈmɛrɪkən laɪf, ɪts fˈjuʧər ənd ðə pleɪs əv ðə ˈænərˌkɪst ˈmuvmənt ɪn ɪt. fər ɔl ɪts ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ən ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ˈdeɪli lɪvz əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈɪməgrənt ˈɛnˌkleɪvz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə grup dɪˈvoʊtɪd ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ əˈmaʊnts əv speɪs tɪ ðə kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən əv ɪˈvɛnts trænˈspaɪərɪŋ ɪn ˈjʊrəp. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ɪnˈtaɪərli səˈpraɪzɪŋ, ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkɛrɪktər əv ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈprɛʃən ənd, əˈspɛʃəli, ðə sprɛd əv ˈfæˌʃɪzəm ənd ðə ˈdipənɪŋ hoʊld əv ˈstælɪˌnɪzəm əˈfɛktɪŋ ˈjʊrəp ənd ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən. ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈkəvərd ɔl ðiz dɪˈvɛləpmənts frəm ən pərˈspɛktɪv. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈɛdɪtərz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd ˈhənərdz əv ˈkɑləm ˈɪnʧɪz iʧ jɪr tɪ ðə ækˈtɪvɪtiz əv ˈænərˌkɪsts ˈjunjənz ɪn fræns, speɪn, ənd ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ˈjʊrəp, ˈivɪn ˈfaɪndɪŋ hoʊp æt wən pɔɪnt ɪn ðə ˈbərʤənɪŋ bəlˈgɛriən ˈmuvmənt. ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup meɪnˈteɪnd ə hɔl ɪn ðə vɪˈsɪnɪti əv ˈjunjən skwɛr. ɪt hæd ɪts oʊn ˈstədi ənd dɪˈskəʃən ˈsərkəlz, dəˈbeɪtɪd ˈəðər nu jɔrk jəŋ lɛft grups, ənd hɛld ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ɪˈvɛnts ɛz ˈfənˌdreɪzərz. ˈmɛmbərz tʊk ʃɔrt trɪps θruaʊt ðə ˌnɔrˈθist ˈsikɪŋ tɪ rɪˈkrut nu ˈmɛmbərz ənd prɪˈzɛntɪŋ ˈlɛkʧərz ɔn tɪ ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənts. ˈblʊstin rɪˈkɔld, əˈdɪʃən tɪ ɑr ˈmægəˌzin, wi kənˈdəktəd ˈfɔrəmz ənd ˈlɛkʧərz ənd meɪd ˈsoʊpˌbɑks ˈspiʧɪz ɔn strit ˈkɔrnərz, ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu faɪts wɪθ ðə ˈkɑmjənəsts ɔl ðə taɪm, prəˈtɛktɪd baɪ wɪθ aɪərn paɪps ræpt wɪθ hankerchiefs.”*.” ˈvænˌgɑrd sɔt tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ə ˈnɛtˌwərk əv jəŋ ˈænərˌkɪst grups əraʊnd ðə ˈkəntri ɛz ə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ə ˈbrɔdər riˈsərʤəns, bət wɑz ˈʤɛnərəli ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəl ɪn ˈlɔnʧɪŋ grups wɪθ məʧ steɪɪŋ paʊər ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə nu jɔrk ˈriʤən. ɪn 1933 ˈruˌdɑlf ˈrɑkər wɑz fɔrst tɪ fli ˈʤərməni ˈəndər θrɛt frəm ðə ˈnɑtsiz. ˈəðər ˈænərˌkɪsts rɪˈzaɪdɪŋ ðɛr ˈɔlsoʊ lɛft əˈbrəptli əˈpɑn raɪz tɪ paʊər. ˈmɑli ˈstaɪmər ənd hər ˈpɑrtnər ˌriˈloʊkeɪtɪd tɪ ˈpɛrɪs. ˈrɑkər ˈɛməˌgreɪtɪd tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈsɛtəld æt ðə ˈkɑləni. ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup wɑz ˈɑnərd tɪ hoʊst ə ˈlɛkʧər fər ɪm ɪn nu fərst ˈpəblɪk ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən ɪn tɪ hɛlp ɪm əreɪnʤ ə ˈspikɪŋ tʊr tɪ əˈlərt əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwərkərz tɪ ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz əv ˈnæzɪzəm. ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈgæn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ə kloʊz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˌɪˈtæljən ˈænərˌkɪst, ˈleɪbər ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzər, ənd, ˈkɑrloʊ, wɪn ɪt ˈrɛntɪd speɪs ɪn ðə seɪm ˈbɪldɪŋ ɛz ðə ˈɔfəsɪz əv hɪz ˈnuzˌpeɪpər, ɪl mɑrˈtɛloʊ. (ðə ˈɔlsoʊ meɪnˈteɪnd ən ˈɔfəs ɪn ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ, 94 fɪθ ˈævəˌnu.) wɪn ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈfəndɪŋ ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən əv ɪts ˌpɪriˈɑdɪkəl ɪn 1934 ˈɔfərd ðə grup wən peɪʤ ɪn iʧ ˈɪʃu əv hɪz ˌɪˈtæljən ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈnuzˌpeɪpər, ɪl mɑrˈtɛloʊ (ðə ˈhæmər). ˈvænˌgɑrd prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈkɑntɛnt fər ðɪs ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ peɪʤ ənˈtɪl ɪt wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ɪˈnəf fəndz tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈprɪnɪŋ ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˈʤərnəl ɪn mɑrʧ əv 1935 ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈmɛmbərz, moʊst ˈnoʊtəbli ˈroʊmən weinrebe*, kənˈtrɪbjutɪd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əˈmaʊnts əv taɪm tɪ ðə ˈligəl dɪˈfɛns əv ˈmɪlətənts ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈfɪzɪkəl ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃənz wɪθ ˌɪˈtæljən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfæʃɪsts. ðɪs ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp wɪθ ɪnˈʃʊrd ðət ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈvænˌgɑrd wʊd bi ˈtritɪd wɪθ hɑˈstɪləti baɪ ðə ˌɪˈtæljən ˈænərˌkɪsts grupt əraʊnd ənd mæn!. ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup sɔ ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz ə juθ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən, ɪn 1933 ɪt ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðə ˈrɛbəl juθ, ə ˈsərkəl əv ˈænərˌkɪsts younger”*” ðən ðə ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp əv ˈvænˌgɑrd ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz ðə juniors.”*.” ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈvænˌgɑrd hɛlpt ˈrɛbəl juθ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ˈstədi grups ənd ˈlɛkʧərd tɪ ðɛm ɔn ənd kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ɪˈvɛnts. ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ɪn 1932 baɪ ˈərvɪŋ ˈstərlɪŋ, ðə ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈrɛbəl juθ wər ˈʤunjər ənd ˈsinjər haɪ skul ˈstudənts, ˈmɛni ðə ˈʧɪldrən əv ˈænərˌkɪsts ənd ˈəðər ˈrædɪkəlz. ˈstərlɪŋ, ə haɪ skul ˈstudənt ɪn ˈbraʊnzvɪl, ˈbrʊklɪn, hæd bɪn reɪzd ɪn ðə ˈænərˌkɪst ˈmuvmənt. hi gru əp əˈtɛndɪŋ shtime[/i*] ˈdɪnərz ənd pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɪn meɪ deɪ pəreɪdz. əˈməŋ əˈprɑksəmətli tˈwɛnti ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz, ðə grup ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkoʊvən, hu wʊd hɛlp lɛd ɪn nu dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ənd 1950s*. ə ˈsɛkənd ˈsərkəl əv ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈʤunjərz dɪˈvɛləpt ɪn ðə brɑŋks æt əˈbaʊt ðə seɪm taɪm. ˈɔdri ˈgʊdˌfrɛnd, ə ˈdɔtər əv ʤuɪʃ ˈænərˌkɪsts ˈæktɪv ɪn ˈɑrbaɪtər ˈsərkəlz, lɔnʧt ðə jəŋ ˈigəlz wɪθ θri frɛndz wɪn ʃi wɑz ˌfɔrˈtin. sun eɪb ˈblʊstin, hu lɪvd ɪn ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈhaʊzɪŋ koʊɑp, bɪˈgæn ə ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈstədi grup wɪθ ðə jəŋ ˈigəlz wɪʧ ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli əˈtræktəd ˈəðər ˈneɪbərˌhʊd haɪ skul ˈrædɪkəlz, səʧ ɛz ˈdeɪvɪd θəroʊ wik. ðə jəŋ ˈigəlz ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli bɪˈkeɪm ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ˈɪntu ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈnɛtˌwərk. ˈgʊdˌfrɛnd rɪˈmɛmbərz, wʊd rɛd [berkman’s*] ðə ˈeɪˌbiˌsi əv; wi wʊd rɛd ən ˈɑrtɪkəl frəm ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd ənd dɪˈskəs. ənd wi rɛd səm ər tɔkt əˈbaʊt kropotkin.”*.” ˈrɛbəl juθ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˈfənˌdreɪzərz ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ɪˈvɛnts wɪθ ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup ˈprɑpər. ðə ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1933 ˈɪʃu əv ðə ˈʤərnəl, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˌædvərˈtaɪzd ə ənd entertainment”*” ɪn wɪʧ ˈrɛbəl juθ wɑz tɪ ˈprɛzənt tu pleɪz ənd ən ˌɪnˈtərprətɪv dæns. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli səm əv ðə ˈmɛmbərz ʤɔɪnd ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈsinjərz, waɪl ˈəðərz kənˈtɪnjud tɪ əˈtɛnd ðə ɪˈvɛnts ənd ˈɔpərˌeɪt ɔn ðə pərˈɪfəri. ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈʤunjər grups wər ˈlaɪkli moʊst səkˈsɛsfəl ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈɛfərt. ɪn ˈprɪnsəpəl, ðə ðə grup meɪnˈteɪnd ə kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ ɔn tu frənts ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli. ɪt bɪˈlivd, fərst, ɪn ˈbɪldɪŋ ðə paʊər əv ðə ˈleɪbər ˈmuvmənt baɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ ɔl ˈwərkɪŋ ˈpipəl ˈɪntu ˈrædɪkəl ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈjunjənz. ˈsɛkəndli ɪt sɔt tɪ ɪkˈspænd ðə ræŋks əv ðə ˈænərˌkɪst ˈmuvmənt ˌɪtˈsɛlf, soʊ ðət ˈænərˌkɪsts maɪt ˌɪntərˈvin mɔr ˈifɛktɪvli ɪn ɔl ðə prəˈgrɛsɪv mæs ˈmuvmənts əv ðə deɪ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə grup meɪd ˈsərtən dɪˈsɪʒənz ðət ˈstaɪmid ðət kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ ɪn ˈpræktɪs. ɪn 1933 ðə nu grup wɑz ˈhændɪd ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ teɪk pɑrt ɪn ə kæmˈpeɪn tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈnəmbər əv nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ˈgɑrmənt ˈwərkərz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd baɪ ðə. ˈæftər ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪv ““war”*” bɪtˈwin ˈkɑmjənəsts ənd ˈsoʊʃəlɪsts ɪn ðə mid-1920s*, ðə ˈjunjən hæd ˈbeɪgən tɪ fɔl ˈəndər ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd kraɪm. ɪn 1933 ˈdeɪvɪd dəˈbɪnski, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt, lɔnʧt ən ˈɛfərt riˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ðə ˈjunjən ə nu, klin basis”*” waɪl riˈvaɪtəˌlaɪzɪŋ ɪt θru ə ˈmæsɪv ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp draɪv. ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪŋ ɪts kɔr əv ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz tɪ bi ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt fər ðə tæsk, ðə ˈlidərz rɪkˈwɛstɪd ðə əˈsɪstəns əv faɪv ˈlɛftɪst juθ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz frəm ðə ˈsɪti. ðə jəŋ ˈsoʊʃəlɪst lig (juθ grup əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈpɑrti), ðə lig fər ˌɪnˈdəstriəl dɪˈmɑkrəsi (əˈnəðər ˈsoʊʃəl ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən), ðə jəŋ ˈsərkəl leauge*, ðə juθ ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə ˈkɑmjənəst ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən (ˈfɔrmər ˈkɑmjənəst ˈpɑrti ˈlidər ʤeɪ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən), ənd ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup wər ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd tɪ ə ʤɔɪnt ˈmitɪŋ ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri. ðə juθ grups əv ðə ˈkɑmjənəst ˈpɑrti ənd ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈwərkərz ˈpɑrti wər nɑt ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd. dəˈbɪnski ənd hɪz ˈkɑligz əˈpild tɪ ðə əˈsɛmbəld ˈrædɪkəl juθ tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ðə ˈmɛmbərz əv ðɛr rɪˈspɛktɪv ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz tɪ sərv ɛz ˌvɑlənˈtɪr ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz ɪn ðə kæmˈpeɪn. ðə nɛkst ˈɪʃu əv ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈkɛrid ə rɪˈpɔrt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈmitɪŋ saɪnd ɛs. ˈmɔrɪsən, ðə pɛn neɪm əv ˈsɪdni soʊloʊˈmæn: æt ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkɑnfərəns ɔn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 3rd*, ɔl ðə pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ grups, ɪkˈsɛpt ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd, plɛʤd ðɛr səˈpɔrt ɪn ðə kæmˈpeɪn, ɪn straɪks, ɪn ˈpɪkətɪŋ, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ðɛr ˈætəˌtud wɑz əˈpɛrəntli wən əv kəmˈplit əkˈsɛptəns əv ðə a.f*. əv ɛl. ˈprɪnsəpəlz ənd ˈvænˌgɑrd grup, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɑz əv ðə əˈpɪnjən ðət ən ənkˈwɑlɪˌfaɪd əkˈsɛptəns əv ðət wɪʧ ɪz ˈhændɪd daʊn baɪ ðə a.f*. əv ɛl. wʊd hæv rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ən ˈətər weɪst əv ɪts ˈɛfərts, ənd ðə əˈsɪstəns ɪn ðə kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃən əv ðə seɪm ˈjusləs ənd ˈnɑkʃəs wərk əv ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈlɪmɪtɪd, ˌɪnɪˈfɛktɪv, ˈplɪtɪkli kənˈtroʊld kræft ˈjunjənz. ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈmɛmbərz ˈprɛzənt dɪˈklɛrd ðɛr əˈpruvəl əv ðə aɪˈdiə əv ðə ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ draɪv ɪn ˈprɪnsəpəl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðeɪ dɪˈmændɪd ðət ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp fərst kriˈeɪt ə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt kəˈmɪtɪŋ ðə ˈjunjən tɪ dɪˈmɑkrəsi wɪˈθɪn ðə union,”*,” ˈtoʊtəl rɪˈʤɛkʃən əv ˈjuzɪŋ ˈgæŋstərz, dɪˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən frəm ˈɛni pəˈlɪtɪkəl clique,”*,” kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ɔn ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈrəðər ðən kræft laɪnz, ənd ə kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri goʊlz. nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋli ðə ˈjunjən ˈlidərz æt ðə ˈteɪbəl dɪd nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli əˈdɑpt ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd ˌrɛzəˈluʃən, bət əˈgrid tɪ gɪv ɪt consideration.”*.” ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɛndɪd wɪθ ə noʊt əv ˈkɑnfədɛns ðət ðə ˈɪʃuz ˈmɛmbərz reɪzd wʊd bi ˈfərðər dəˈbeɪtɪd æt dɪˈskəʃən conferences,”*,” ənd wʊd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli stɪr ðə kæmˈpeɪn ɪn ə mɔr ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. əˈpɛrəntli, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, noʊ ˈfərðər ˈkɑnfərənsəz wər hɛld. faɪv jɪrz ˈleɪtər, ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˈəpˌtɪk ɪn səˈpɔrt fər ɔˈkeɪʒənd baɪ ðə ˈspænɪʃ ˈsɪvəl wɔr, ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup hɛld ə ˈmitɪŋ tɪ ˈstrætəʤaɪz əˈbaʊt ɪkˈspændɪŋ ɪts oʊn ræŋks. ðə əˈsɛmbəld ˈkɑmˌrædz əˈgrid ðət ɪt wɑz ənˈwaɪz tɪ ˈəndərˌteɪk work”*” ənˈtɪl ðeɪ hæd ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ənd mɔr ˈrisɔrsɪz æt ðɛr dɪˈspoʊzəl. ˈðɛrˌfɔr praɪˈɔrəti wɑz pleɪst ɔn ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə kəmˈbaɪnd ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp əv ðə grups tɪ æt list wən ˈhənərd ˈmɛmbərz ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ mənθs. ðə ˈgæðərd ˈkɑmˌrædz əˈgrid ðət ˈɛfərts məst bi dɪˈrɛktɪd təˈwɔrd, ˈmeɪnli ðoʊ nɑt ɪkˈsklusɪvli, ðoʊz ˈɛləmənts hu ər ɔˈrɛdi səˈfɪʃəntli. wi du nɑt hæv ðə fəˈsɪlɪtiz æt ˈprɛzənt tɪ ˈəndərˌteɪk mæs ˌprɑpəˈgændə ər mæs ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl wərk əˈməŋ tɪ ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri arena.”*.” ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðeɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðət ˈɛfərts ʃʊd bi eɪmd æt ˈmɛni sɪnˈsɪr ənd ˌrɛvəˈluʃənɪsts hu ər təˈdeɪ ˌdɪsɪˈluʒənd wɪθ ðə ˈmɑrksɪst ˈmuvmənts ənd hu hæv ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən tendencies.”*.” ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup, ðɛn, əˈdɑptəd ə ˈstrætəʤi əv ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ɪts ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp baɪ ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈmɛmbərz ənd ˈsɪmpəˌθaɪzərz əv ˈəðər ˈrædɪkəl ˈtɛndənsiz, baɪ prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ɪts ˈlɪtərəʧər, ˈhoʊstɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ɪˈvɛnts, ənd ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈstədi grups. ðə ˈmɛmbərz bɪˈlivd, tɪ ˈpɛrəˌfreɪz proudhon*, ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp wɑz ðə ˈməðər, nɑt ðə ˈdɔtər, əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt. rɪˈflɛktɪŋ bæk ɔn hɪz ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ɪn ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈfɔrti jɪrz ˈleɪtər, ˈsɪdni əv ðə rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ðə ðɪs əˈproʊʧ ˈvænˌgɑrd tʊk tɪ kæmˈpeɪn wərk tɪ bi ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈɛrər. soʊloʊˈmæn bɪˈlivd ðə grup rɪˈfreɪnd frəm ˈækʃən ˈlɑrʤli bɪˈkəz mɑrk ʃmɪt dɪˈskərɪʤd ɪt. wi wər ˈvɪgərəs ənd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ du things…[schmidt*] ˈnɛvər ˈæˌkʧuəli dɪd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. mɔr ðən ðət, hi prɪˈvɛnɪd ˈjuˈɛs frəm duɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. hi fɛlt wi wər ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəli ˌənpriˈpɛrd fər ˈækʃən, səʧ ɛz ər ˈfɔrmɪŋ koʊˈɑprətɪvz. hi stɑpt ˈjuˈɛs frəm ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ fər ðə gɑt ˈjuˈɛs tɪ dɪˈklaɪn. ðə ækˈsɛptɪd ənd dɪd ˈjusfəl wərk; hɛns ðɛr bɪg ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən təˈdeɪ. ɪt wɑz ðɪs ˈfeɪljər tɪ ækt ðət lɛd tɪ ðə kəˈlæps əv ɑr grup ənd əv ðə ˈænərˌkɪst ˈmuvmənt ɪn nu jɔrk. ɪn ˈrɛtrəˌspɛkt, ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈmɛmbərz ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət ðeɪ hæd pʊt ðə hɔrs ˌbiˈfɔr ðə kɑrt ɪn ə ˈnəmbər əv rɪˈspɛkts. fərst, ðeɪ əˈsumd ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈækʃən rikˈwaɪərd ə pərˈfɛktəd ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl æˈnælɪsɪs, ˈrəðər ðən ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪŋ ðət ækˈtɪvɪti ənd ˈθɪri wər mˈjuʧuəli pɑrts əv ˈrædɪkəl ækˈtɪvɪti ðət məst ˈkɑnstəntli ˌɪnˈfɔrm wən əˈnəðər ɪn ə ˈsərkjələr ˈprɔˌsɛs. ˈsɛkəndli, ðə jəŋ ˈænərˌkɪsts mɪˈstʊk ðɛr goʊlz fər ˌprikənˈdɪʃənz əv pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən. ˈrəðər ðən vjuɪŋ ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ðə ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ draɪv ɛz ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˈænərˌkɪsts tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈʃeɪpɪŋ ðə ˈjunjən ɪn əˈkɔrdəns wɪθ ðɛr ˈvɪʒən, ðeɪ rɪˈʤɛktɪd ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti ɛz tu ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪŋ tɪ ðɛr ˈprɪnsəpəlz. wɪn ðə ˈspænɪʃ ˈsɪvəl wɔr broʊk aʊt ɪn 1936 juz. ˈænərˌkɪsts wər nɑt ɪn ə gʊd pəˈzɪʃən tɪ eɪd ðɛr aɪˈbɪriən ˈkɑmˌrædz. ˈfridəm hæd sist ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən fɔr jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr, ˈlivɪŋ mæn! ənd ˈvænˌgɑrd ɛz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈænərˌkɪst ˌpɪriˈɑdɪkəlz ˈpəblɪʃt ɔn ə kənˈsɪstənt ˈbeɪsɪs. ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz ɪn ˈjɪdɪʃ, ˈspænɪʃ, ˌɪˈtæljən, ənd ˈrəʃən stɪl ˈkeɪtərd tɪ ˈɪməgrənt ˈænərˌkɪst ˈsərkəlz ðət wər ˈeɪʤɪŋ ənd dˈwɪndəlɪŋ ɪn saɪz. stɪl, ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪŋ ðət ðə ˈspænjərdz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ðə ˈgreɪtəst hoʊp fər ˈfaʊndɪŋ ə nu soʊˈsaɪɪti beɪst ɔn ˈprɪnsəpəlz, juz. ˈænərˌkɪsts ˈməstərd wət ˈɛnərʤi ðeɪ hæd tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə rɪˈzɪstəns tɪ ˈʤɛnərəl frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈfræŋkoʊ ənd ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ənˈfoʊldɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd ðə frənt. ɪn ˈərli 1937 eɪb ənd ˈsɛlmə ˈblʊstin dɪˈtərmənd ðət ðeɪ wʊd ˈtrævəl tɪ speɪn tɪ prəˈvaɪd əˈsɪstəns tɪ ðə. eɪb ˈblʊstin meɪd ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðə ˈspænɪʃ ˈænərˌkɪsts ˈviə mɑrk, ðə ˈɛdɪtər æt ðət taɪm əv ðə ˈɑrbaɪtər., ə ˈrəʃən ʤu dɪˈpɔrtəd frəm ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən ɪn 1922 əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd maximoff*, wɑz ˈpərsənəli əkˈweɪnɪd wɪθ ki pleɪərz ɪn ðə ˈspænɪʃ ˈmuvmənt. sɛnt ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ʧɛr aʊguˈstin souchy*, ˈvaʊʧɪŋ fər ðə bluesteins’*’ kəˈmɪtmənt ənd əˈbɪləˌtiz. eɪb ənd ˈsɛlmə sɛt seɪl fər fræns ɪn ˈeɪprəl əv 1937 ənd ˈɛnərd speɪn θru ə ˈbɔrdər ˈʧɛkˌpɔɪnt stæft baɪ ˈlɔɪəlɪsts ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛr weɪ tɪ ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə. ðeɪ wər ˈwɛlkəmd æt ðə ˈkɑsə də haʊs) ənd ˈgɪvɪn əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃənz ɪn ən hoʊˈtɛl ˈnɪrˈbaɪ. eɪb wɑz ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli əˈsaɪnd tɪ wərk ɛz ən ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈreɪdiˌoʊ əˈnaʊnsər fər pəˈzɪʃən hi hæd noʊ praɪər ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪθ. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ hɪz ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈbrɔdˌkæsts, wɪʧ ˈlɪsənərz wɪθ ˈreɪdiˌoʊz θruaʊt ˈjʊrəp tund ɪn tɪ, eɪb sɛnt ˈrɪtən dɪˈspæʧɪz ɪn ˈɪŋlɪʃ ənd ˈjɪdɪʃ tɪ ðə ˈɑrbaɪtər ənd ˈspænɪʃ ˌrɛvəˈluʃən, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ɪkˈwɪvələnt, speɪn ənd ðə wərld. ðə ˌɛkˈsɪʤənsiz əv ðə dɪˈprɛʃən, ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt ɪn speɪn, ənd ðə ˈəpsˌwɪŋ ɪn ˈrædɪkəl ækˈtɪvɪti ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈpɑpjələr frənt ˈpɪriəd ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts kriˈeɪtɪd ˌkɑntrəˈdɪktəri ˈtɛndənsiz fər ðə ˈænərˌkɪst ˈmuvmənt. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə leɪt, ðə məræl əv ðə juz. ˈmuvmənt ˈfləkʧəˌweɪtɪd ɪn ˈrɪðəm wɪθ ðə ˈfɔrʧənz əv ðə ˈænərˌkɪsts əv speɪn. ðə əˈʧivmənts əv ðə ˈrɛbəlz ənd ðə ˌdɛprəˈdeɪʃənz əv ðə ˈfæʃɪsts ˈprɑmptɪd mɔr ˈɪntəˌrɛst ənd ˈsɪmpəθi fər ðən ˈæktɪvɪsts hæd sin ɪn ˈmɛni jɪrz. æt ən ˈɔgəst 1938 ˈmitɪŋ, ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup ˈnoʊtɪd ˈprɛzənt ˌriəˈweɪkənɪŋ wɪˈθɪn ɑr oʊn movement,”*,” ənd ˈɪnˌfləks əv nu ˈmɛmbərz ˈɪntu ɑr ranks.”*.” jɛt baɪ ðə spərɪŋ əv ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ jɪr ɪt hæd dɪˈsɪntəˌgreɪtɪd kəmˈplitli. ɪn leɪt 1938 ˈvænˌgɑrd splɪt ˈɪntu tu grups. ˈmɛni ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup ˈdeɪtɪd wən əˈnəðər. wɪn ˈkəpəlz splɪt ənd ðɛn bɪˈgæn ˈdeɪtɪŋ ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə grup, ˈʤɛləsi ənd rɪˈzɛntmənt flɛrd. soʊloʊˈmæn noʊts ðət ˈtɛnʧənz ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈvɛləpt wɪn ðə wɪθ ɪl mɑrˈtɛloʊ wɑz əˈpoʊzd baɪ ə fju hu prɪˈfərd l’adunata.”*.” ˈɔdri ˈgʊdˌfrɛnd, hu keɪm tɪ ˈvænˌgɑrd frəm ðə brɑŋks ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈʤunjərz, wɑz ˈlaɪkli wən səʧ ˈmɛmbər, ɛz wi wɪl si ɪn ðə nɛkst ˈʧæptər. ˈfaɪnəli, ðə ˈjəŋgər ˈmɛmbərz rɪˈspɛkt fər mɑrk ʃmɪt bɪˈgæn tɪ feɪd baɪ ðə leɪt- ɔn graʊnz boʊθ ˈpərsɪnəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ hɪz məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪv bɪˈheɪvjər, ʃmɪt wɑz ˈdrɪftɪŋ təˈwɔrdz səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈkɑmjənəst ˈpɑrti. hi ərʤd ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup tɪ ʤɔɪn juˈnaɪtɪd frənt ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz, wɪʧ ðeɪ rɪfˈjuzd tɪ du. ðə θrɛt əv ə ˈfæʃɪst ˈvɪktəri ɪn ˈjʊrəp ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli muvd ʃmɪt ˈfʊli ˈɪntu ðə ˈkɑmjənəst kæmp. ˈleɪtər, ʃmɪt ɪkˈspleɪnd, ðə ˈræpɪd ˌɪnˌdəstriəlɪˈzeɪʃən əv ðə ˈθərtiz, ənd ˈivɪn wɪˈθaʊt kəˌlɛktɪvɪˈzeɪʃən, ˈrəʃə kʊd nɑt hæv dɪˈfitɪd wɑz ˈstrəgəl əˈgɛnst ˈhɪtlər ənd ˈfæˌʃɪzəm ðət lɛd mi tɪ səˈpɔrt it.”*.” eɪb ənd ˈsɛlmə ˈblʊstin hæd rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. sɪk əv ðə ˈpɛˌti kˈwɔrəlz, eɪb ənd lu sˈleɪtər lɔnʧt ə nu grup wɪθ ɪts oʊn ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən, ə ˈwikli ˈnuzˌpeɪpər kɔld ˈʧælənʤ. ˈblʊstin ˈriˌkɔlz, tu ˈpeɪpərz dɪsəˈgri ər faɪt wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər, wi wər ʤɪst ˈrənɪŋ ɪn ˈdɪfərənt weɪz. ðə meɪn ˈdɪfərəns wɑz ðət wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ wərk wɪθ ðə ˈjunjənz, ənd əˈpil tɪ ðə ˈjunjənz, wɛˈræz ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd wɑz ə ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈʤərnəl exclusively.”*.” ðə ˈʧælənʤ grup sɔt tɪ kriˈeɪt ən ˈwikli ðət sɔ ˈjunjən ˈmɛmbərz ɛz ə pəˈtɛnʃəl beɪs tɪ rɪˈkrut mɔr ˈæktɪv ˈmɪlətənts frəm. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɑˈstɛnsəbli ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti əv ə kəˈlɛktɪv, riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz fər ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ðə nu ˈpeɪpər kˈwɪkli fɛl ˈlɑrʤli ˈɪntu hænz. ˈwərkɪŋ baɪ deɪ ɛz ə ˈʃɪpɪŋ klərk ɪn ðə ˈgɑrmənt ˈɪndəstri, ənd ˈpɑrʃəli səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ʤɑb ɛz ə ˈpeɪnər ˈəndər ðə ˈɔspɪsɪz əv ðə wərks ˈprɑˌgrɛs ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, eɪb wərkt ˈɪntu ðə naɪt tɪ tərn aʊt ən ɪˈdɪʃən əv ˈʧælənʤ ˈɛvəri wik. ðə ˈpeɪpər wɑz ˈfoʊkɪst, mɔr ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈænərˌkɪst ˈpeɪpər sɪns wərld wɔr aɪ, ɔn biɪŋ ˈrɛləvənt tɪ lɛft ˈlinɪŋ ˈwərkɪŋ ˈpipəl. ɪt wɑz ˈpɑrʃəli ˈsəbsɪˌdaɪzd baɪ ˈloʊkəlz əv ðə ənd ðə əˈmælgəˌmeɪtɪd ˈkloʊðɪŋ ˈwərkərz, wɪʧ, ˈivɪn ɪn 1938 rɪˈteɪnd ə ˈkoʊtəri ˈænərˌkɪsts ɪn ðɛr ræŋks. ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈɪʃu əv ˈvænˌgɑrd wɑz dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1939 lɛs ðən tu mənθs ˈæftər ðə dɪˈmaɪz əv ˈvænˌgɑrd, ˈʧælənʤ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfoʊldɪd du tɪ ˈmaʊntɪŋ dɛts wɪθ ɪts ˈprɪnər. ˈɔlˌweɪz ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli ˈtɛnjəwəs ˈprɑʤɛkts, ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz fɛl tɪ ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈnəθɪŋ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə dɪˈfit əv ðə ˈspænɪʃ ˈænərˌkɪsts. ˈfæʃɪst ˈvɪktəri dɪˈzæstrəsli ˌəndərˈmaɪnd nɑt ˈoʊnli ðə məræl əv ðə ˈridərz bət ðə məræl əv ðə ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈvænˌgɑrd grup itself,”*,” ədˈmɪtəd. dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈnɑlɪʤ ðət ðə ˈænərˌkɪst ˈmuvmənt wɑz ən ˌɪnsɪgnˈjɪfɪkənt fɔrs ɪn juz. ˈsoʊʃəl laɪf, ˈmɛmbərz hæd ˈmænɪʤd tɪ kənˈtɪnju ðɛr wərk θru ə feɪθ bɪlt ɔn hoʊps fər ðə ˈmuvmənt əˈbrɔd. ðə dɪˈfit əv ðə ˈspænɪʃ ˈænərˌkɪsts baɪ ˈfræŋkoʊ ənd hɪz ˈfæʃɪst ˈælaɪz, ðɛn, dɛlt ə ˈliθəl bloʊ. ˈɛdɪtɪd tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˈɑrtɪkəl
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a history by andrew cornell of vanguard, an anarchist journal produced during the 1930s in new york. taken from cornell's excellent “for a world without oppressors: u.s. anarchism from the palmer raids to the sixties"
in 1932, the vanguard group formed. it would become the leading english-language voice of anarcho-syndicalism in the interwar period. vanguard began as a circle of a halfdozen anarchists in their twenties and early thirties who met under the auspices of the road to freedom group and through their parents’ involvement in new york’s jewish anarchist milieu. the political direction of the group was shaped primarily by abe bluestein and his friend sam dolgoff, working under the tutelage of an older activist, mark schmidt.
the vanguard group and launched its organ, vanguard: a libertarian communist journal, partially to counteract anti-organizationalist and commune-building tendencies in anarchism. clara freidman, a founding member, explained, “our purpose was to work out a positive program, to deal with anarchism in less amorphous and more concrete terms, to show it was a viable social philosophy.” dolgoff elaborated:
we wanted a paper which would appeal to people who have a modicum of common sense and who actually want to read an explanation of what’s going on that will give a feasible and intelligible approach to the problem of socialism. to present the classic anarchism of kropotkin and bakunin, and to some extent prodhoun, and the real anarchist movements that have roots among the people, among the masses and the labor movement, and that puts anarchism in the perspective as a part and parcel of the socialist movement. we considered ourselves to be the left wing of the socialist movement. we were socialist anarchists, we were not individualists, or all sorts of things. so we called ourselves an anarchist-communist journal to differentiate ourselves from the others.
the vanguard group also included dolgoff’s wife, esther, and his younger brother, tommy. bluestein’s wife selma, and his city college friends sidney soloman and roman weinrob participated in the founding meeting, which took place in the home of clara friedman. freidman’s father was an officer in the ilgwu and served, for a time, as secretary of the jewish anarchist federation. freedman served as the vanguard group’s secretary, and, according to another member, “did fives times as much work as anybody else: correspondence, selling papers, organizing meetings, debates, and lectures.” though the group was formed by the children of jewish immigrants, it eventually attracted some members with different ethnic and racial backgrounds. eddie wong, according to bluestein, was “an anarchist from china. he had to escape from china because otherwise he would have been executed.”72 in new york, wong joined the vanguard group and translated works by kropotkin into his native language. together with vanguard member yat tone and other chinese anarchists, wong established a cooperatively-owned chinese restaurant located near union square that hosted fundraising dinners for the movement. the vanguard group also claimed a few italians, a handful of irishmen, and a single african- american member, glenn carrington. carrington, who was gay, worked as a parole officer, and occasionally wrote short articles for vanguard on “the negro question” under the name george creighton.
abe bluestein recalled, “we had one guiding teacher, you might say, who was older than us, a very intelligent, very well-read man.” mark schmidt had lived in the united states for years, but had returned to russia when the revolution broke out, only to sail west again after becoming disillusioned with the bolshevik regime. dolgoff acknowledged that schmidt’s “erudition, his knowledge of anarchist ideas and history, his revolutionary experience, all helped to clarify and work out the orientation of vanguard.” moreover, according to bluestein, he “had great energy and drive and kept us together as a group more than we would have been if left to ourselves.” schmidt, writing under the pen-name senex, contributed some of the most original and sharply argued articles that vanguard printed. however, some of his personal traits also proved to be liabilities for the organization. louis slater remembered, “when someone made a mistake, he laughed mockingly.” clara freidman (soloman) likewise found him “ungeblozn [puffed up], to use a yiddish expression, unapproachable.” she recalled that “he would work on one person at a time and gain control of them…he took a dislike to certain people, and he had contempt for women, whom he considered inferior.”
the principle work of the group was the publication of vanguard: an anarchist communist journal, which it issued monthly when funds allowed. the paper reached a peak circulation of 3,000 to 4,000 subscribers, many of them abroad. dolgoff recalled that it maintained “a good circulation and a good reputation. we had a very good staff of foreign correspondents.” indeed, the journal carried regular contributions from the likes of emma goldman, alexander berkman, the german anarcho-syndicalist rudolf rocker, and officers of the french and spanish syndicalist labor federations, among others. vanguard was more of a theoretical journal than newspapers like the road to freedom or man!; while man! advocated a “planless anarchism” the vanguard group launched its publication with a vision of anarchist-communism so detailed it spanned three issues.
vanguard believed in organizing working people to struggle for immediate demands in the short term and to organize a general strike or insurrection capable of instituting a self-managed communist society in the future. according to sidney soloman, “in vanguard we made no hard and fast distinction between anarchist-communism and anarcho-syndicalism, but we were not anarchist-individualists.” like kropotkin, the group desired a society that provided for each according to their needs, instead of according to their labor input. however, vanguard believed, alongside figures like rudolf rocker and g.p. maximoff, that the surest route to such a end goal under contemporary conditions was the via the creation of powerful, revolutionary labor unions. while man! portrayed labor unions as a means of containing working people’s spontaneous rebellions, vanguard saw radical unions as the primary instruments to initiate a self-managed industrial order. vanguard distinguished itself clearly, then, from avowedly individualist anarchists who insisted on the right to private property, as well as those that sought to straddle or synthesize individualist and socialist perspectives. while this established a clarity of vision, the editors’ interpretation of what issues smacked of individualism left the contents narrowly focused: anything “bohemian,” such as consideration of modern art, or the promotion of progressive gender roles, was out.
the editors of vanguard insisted on presenting a more clearly defined vision for how to create change than their counterparts at road to freedom or man!. to be effective, they believed, members of anarchist groups must go beyond “vague adherence to elementary generalities” and share a significant degree of political unity. “the members of such a group must agree upon the general tenets of its anarchist philosophy as well as upon its concrete form of expression in the field of social action; upon the general tactical line coming as the crystallized experience of the anarchist movement as a whole, as well as upon the local strategy, evolved in accordance with the specific needs of each and every place and historical moment.”
despite it’s outspoken intention to organize and provide leadership in the movement, the group was conscious that taking the name “vanguard” would be contentious, especially during a period when communists were so intent on claiming that mantle. demonstrating a clear grasp of marxist philosophy, the group explained:
we want to revive here, in america, the great anarchist idea of a revolutionary vanguard, the minority in the great mass struggles of today and the near future. the idea of an active revolutionary vanguard is not a specifically communist idea. the communists distorted it, degraded it to the level of a hierarchical apparatus. we anarchists also believe in the idea of a revolutionary vanguard, but we do not claim any divine rights. we do not claim to be the only true mouthpiece of the dialectical process of history, or the vicarious representatives of the will of the proletariat.
vanguard admitted it did not yet have a fully coherent program to present, but it did not dismiss questions of vision and strategy as unimportant or an imposition on future generations. rather, contributors sought to chip away at hard questions in a practical manner. for example, group members dedicated a series of articles to theorizing an anarchist “transition program”—a concept likely to reek of bolshevism to many of their contemporaries. the group also critiqued the idea of building anarchist colonies as a sufficient means of making change, and blasted anarchists content to spend their life conducting such “experiments.” anonymous contributor wrote:
an experiment…cannot be indefinitely pursued, without taking stock of all previous failures and without introducing a certain variant in each and every attempt…the history of such attempts, for almost a century, to solve the social problem via colony building has clearly shown the futility of such a method. to keep on repeating the same attempts, without an intelligent appraisal of all the numerous failures in the past is not to uphold the right to experiment, but to insist upon one’s right to escape from the hard facts of social struggle into the world of wishful belief.
against such strategic complaisance, vanguard advocated a hard-nosed anarcho-syndicalist approach and asserted the need for wide scale organizing. as mostly second generation immigrants, who grew up speaking english and attending public school in the united states, the vanguard group presented a budding understanding of the toll the profound shift in the population of the united states, following the restrictive immigration laws of 1924, was taking on the anarchist movement. they declared themselves a “youth group,” not because they restricted membership based on age, but because they believed that their was a strategic necessity for the movement to focus on bringing young people into the fold.
we are of the opinion that the anarchist movement of america has woefully neglected the elementary task of building up a youth movement. cooped up within the confines of little national colonies, broken up and fragmented into water-tight compartments of national movements, it never rose to the realization of the urgency of the youth movement. it could not think in terms of american life, its future and the place of the anarchist movement in it.
for all its intention to develop an anarchism relevant to daily lives of americans living outside of european immigrant enclaves, however, the group devoted increasing amounts of space to the consideration of events transpiring in europe. this is not entirely surprising, given the international character of the economic depression and, especially, the spread of fascism and the deepening hold of stalinism affecting europe and the soviet union. vanguard covered all these developments from an anti-authoritarian perspective. however, the editors also dedicated hundreds of column inches each year to the activities of anarchists syndicalist unions in france, spain, and elsewhere in europe, even finding hope at one point in the burgeoning bulgarian movement.
the vanguard group maintained a hall in the vicinity of union square. it had its own study and discussion circles, debated other new york city-based young left groups, and held entertainment events as fundraisers. members took short trips throughout the northeast seeking to recruit new members and presenting lectures on anarchism to college students. bluestein recalled, “in addition to our magazine, we conducted forums and lectures and made soapbox speeches on street corners, getting into fights with the communists all the time, protected by wobblies with iron pipes wrapped with hankerchiefs.” vanguard sought to develop a network of young anarchist groups around the country as a contribution to a broader resurgence, but was generally unsuccessful in launching groups with much staying power outside of the new york region.
in 1933 rudolf rocker was forced to flee germany under threat from the nazis. other anarchists residing there also left abruptly upon hitler’s rise to power. mollie steimer and her partner senya fleshin relocated to paris. rocker emigrated to the united states and settled at the mohegan colony. the vanguard group was honored to host a lecture for him in new york—rocker’s first public presentation in english—and to help him arrange a speaking tour to alert american workers to the dangers of nazism. the vanguard group also began developing a close relationship with the legendary italian anarchist, labor organizer, and anti-fascist, carlo tresca, when it rented space in the same building as the offices of his newspaper, il martello. (the iww also maintained an office in the building, 94 fifth avenue.) when the vanguard group was unable to continue funding publication of its periodical in 1934, tresca offered the group one page in each issue of his italian language newspaper, il martello (the hammer). vanguard provided content for this english language page until it was able to secure enough funds to return to printing an entire journal in march of 1935.
vanguard members, most notably roman weinrebe, contributed significant amounts of time to the legal defense of anti-fascist militants engaged in physical confrontations with italian american fascists. this partnership with tresca ensured that members of vanguard would be treated with hostility by the italian anarchists grouped around l’adunata dei refretari and man!.
even though the vanguard group saw itself as a youth organization, in 1933 it established the rebel youth, a circle of anarchists “even younger” than the membership of vanguard itself, sometimes also referred to as the “vanguard juniors.” members of vanguard helped rebel youth establish study groups and lectured to them on anarchism and contemporary events. initiated in 1932 by irving sterling, the members of rebel youth were junior and senior high school students, many the children of anarchists and other radicals. sterling, a high school student in brownsville, brooklyn, had been raised in the anarchist movement. he grew up attending [/i]freie arbeter shtime[/i] dinners and participating in may day parades. among approximately twenty other members, the group also included david koven, who would help lead anarchism in new directions during the 1940s and 1950s.
a second circle of vanguard juniors developed in the bronx at about the same time. audrey goodfriend, a daughter of jewish anarchists active in freie arbeiter shtimme circles, launched the young eagles with three friends when she was fourteen. soon abe bluestein, who lived in a nearby housing co-op, began a saturday morning study group with the young eagles which eventually attracted other neighborhood high school radicals, such as david thoreau wieck. the young eagles eventually became incorporated into the vanguard network. goodfriend remembers, “we would read [berkman’s] the abc of anarchism; we would read an article from the vanguard and discuss. and we read some kropotkin or talked about kropotkin.” rebel youth organized fundraisers and social events with the vanguard group proper. the february 1933 issue of the journal, for example, advertised a “dance and entertainment” in which rebel youth was to present two one-act plays and an interpretive dance. eventually some of the members joined the vanguard seniors, while others continued to attend the group’s events and operate on the periphery.
the creation of the vanguard junior groups were likely vanguard’s most successful organizing effort. in principle, the the group maintained a commitment to organizing on two fronts simultaneously. it believed, first, in building the power of the labor movement by organizing all working people into radical industrial unions. secondly it sought to expand the ranks of the anarchist movement itself, so that anarchists might intervene more effectively in all the progressive mass movements of the day. however, the group made certain decisions that stymied that commitment to organizing in practice.
in 1933 the new group was handed an opportunity to take part in a campaign to increase the number of new york city garment workers represented by the ilgwu. after the divisive “war” between communists and socialists in the mid-1920s, the union had begun to fall under the influence of organized crime. in 1933, david dubinsky, the union’s president, launched an effort reorganize the union “on a new, clean basis” while revitalizing it through a massive membership drive. recognizing its core of organizers to be insufficient for the task, the union’s leaders requested the assistance of five leftist youth organizations from the city. the young people’s socialist league (youth group of the socialist party), the league for industrial democracy (another social democratic organization), the young circle leauge, the youth section of the communist opposition (former communist party leader jay lovestone’s organization), and the vanguard group were invited to a joint meeting in february. the youth groups of the communist party and the trotskyist socialist workers party were not invited. dubinsky and his colleagues appealed to the assembled radical youth to encourage the members of their respective organizations to serve as volunteer organizers in the campaign.
the next issue of vanguard carried a report about the meeting signed s. morrison, the pen name of sidney soloman:
at the general conference on february 3rd, all the participating groups, except the vanguard, pledged their support in the campaign, in strikes, in picketing, etc. their attitude was apparently one of complete acceptance of the a.f. of l. principles and tactics…the vanguard group, however, was of the opinion that an unqualified acceptance of that which is handed down by the a.f. of l. would have resulted in an utter waste of its efforts, and the assistance in the continuation of the same useless and noxious work of organizing limited, ineffective, politically controlled craft unions.
the vanguard members present declared their approval of the idea of the organizing drive in principle. however, they demanded that the ilgwu leadership first create a document committing the union to “full worker’s democracy within the union,” total rejection of using gangsters, “complete dissociation from any political clique,” commitment to organize on industrial rather than craft lines, and a commitment to revolutionary anti-capitalist goals. not surprisingly the union leaders at the table did not immediately adopt the vanguard group’s resolution, but agreed to give it “careful consideration.” the report ended with a note of confidence that the issues members raised would be further debated at “subsequent discussion conferences,” and would eventually steer the campaign in a more revolutionary direction. apparently, however, no further conferences were held.
five years later, during an uptick in support for anarchism occasioned by the spanish civil war, the vanguard group held a meeting to strategize about expanding its own ranks. the assembled comrades agreed that it was unwise to undertake “practical work” until they had a larger membership and more resources at their disposal. therefore priority was placed on increasing the combined membership of the groups to at least one hundred members in the coming months. the gathered comrades agreed that “our efforts must be directed toward, mainly though not exclusively, those elements who are already sufficiently class-conscious. we do not have the facilities at present to undertake mass propaganda or mass educational work among new-comers to the revolutionary arena.” instead, they decided that efforts should be aimed at “the many sincere and class-conscious revolutionists who are today disillusioned with the marxist movements and who have libertarian tendencies.” the vanguard group, then, adopted a strategy of increasing its membership by winning over members and sympathizers of other radical tendencies, by promoting its literature, hosting public events, and organizing study groups. the members believed, to paraphrase proudhon, membership was the mother, not the daughter, of political engagement.
reflecting back on his experiences in vanguard forty years later, sidney soloman—author of the report on the ilgwu meeting—considered this approach vanguard took to campaign work to be the group’s biggest error. soloman believed the group refrained from action largely because mark schmidt discouraged it.
we were vigorous and wanted to do things…[schmidt] never actually did anything. more than that, he prevented us from doing anything. he felt we were theoretically unprepared for action, such as labororganizing or forming cooperatives. he stopped us from organizing for the ilgwu…schmidt got us to decline. the ypsl accepted and did useful work; hence their big reputation today. it was this failure to act that led to the collapse of our group and of the anarchist movement in new york.
in retrospect, vanguard members realized that they had put the horse before the cart in a number of respects. first, they assumed taking action required a perfected theoretical analysis, rather than recognizing that activity and theory were mutually constitutive parts of radical activity that must constantly inform one another in a circular process. secondly, the young anarchists mistook their goals for preconditions of participation. rather than viewing the opportunity to participate in the ilgwu organizing drive as an opportunity for anarchists to continue shaping the union in accordance with their vision, they rejected the opportunity as too compromising to their principles.
when the spanish civil war broke out in 1936, u.s. anarchists were not in a good position to aid their iberian comrades. freedom had ceased publication four years before, leaving man! and vanguard as the only english language anarchist periodicals published on a consistent basis. newspapers in yiddish, spanish, italian, and russian still catered to immigrant anarchist circles that were aging and dwindling in size. still, recognizing that the spaniards represented the movement’s greatest hope for founding a new society based on anti-authoritarian principles, u.s. anarchists mustered what energy they had to support the resistance to general francisco franco and the social revolution unfolding behind the front.
in early 1937 abe and selma bluestein determined that they would travel to spain to provide assistance to the cnt. abe bluestein made contact with the spanish anarchists via mark mrachney, the editor at that time of the freie arbeiter shtimme. mrachney, a russian jew deported from the soviet union in 1922 alongside maximoff, was personally acquainted with key players in the spanish movement. mrachney sent a letter to cnt chair augustin souchy, vouching for the bluesteins’ commitment and abilities. abe and selma set sail for france in april of 1937 and entered spain through a border checkpoint staffed by loyalists before making their way to barcelona. they were welcomed at the cnt casa de trabajo (worker’s house) and given accommodations in an anarchist-controlled hotel nearby. abe was immediately assigned to work as an english radio announcer for cnt radio—a position he had no prior experience with. in addition to his radio broadcasts, which listeners with short-wave radios throughout europe tuned in to, abe sent written dispatches in english and yiddish to the freie arbeiter shtimme and spanish revolution, as well as the latter’s british equivalent, spain and the world.
the exigencies of the depression, the conflict in spain, and the upswing in radical activity during the popular front period in the united states created contradictory tendencies for the anarchist movement. during the late 1930s, the morale of the u.s. movement fluctuated in rhythm with the fortunes of the anarchists of spain. the achievements of the rebels and the depredations of the fascists prompted more interest and sympathy for anarchism than activists had seen in many years. at an august 1938 meeting, the vanguard group noted “the present reawakening within our own movement,” and “an influx of new members into our ranks.” yet by the spring of the following year it had disintegrated completely.
in late 1938, vanguard split into two groups. many members of the vanguard group dated one another. when couples split and then began dating other members of the group, jealousy and resentment flared. soloman notes that tensions also developed when the group’s “association with il martello was opposed by a few who preferred l’adunata.” audrey goodfriend, who came to vanguard from the bronx vanguard juniors, was likely one such member, as we will see in the next chapter. finally, the younger members respect for mark schmidt began to fade by the late- 1930s on grounds both personal and political. in addition to his manipulative behavior, schmidt was drifting towards support for the communist party. he urged the vanguard group to join united front organizations, which they refused to do. the threat of a fascist victory in europe eventually moved schmidt fully into the communist camp. later, schmidt explained, “without the rapid industrialization of the thirties, and even without collectivization, russia could not have defeated fascism….it was russia’s struggle against hitler and fascism that led me to support it.”
abe and selma bluestein had returned to the united states in january. sick of the petty quarrels, abe and lou slater launched a new group with its own publication, a weekly newspaper called challenge. bluestein recalls, “the two papers didn’t disagree or fight with each other, we were just running in different ways. the main difference was that we wanted to work with the unions, and appeal to the unions, whereas the vanguard was a theoretical journal exclusively.” the challenge group sought to create an agitational weekly that saw union members as a potential base to recruit more active militants from. although ostensibly the responsibility of a collective, responsibilities for editing the new paper quickly fell largely into bluestein’s hands. working by day as a shipping clerk in the garment industry, and partially supported by selma’s job as a painter under the auspices of the works progress administration, abe worked into the night to turn out an edition of challenge every week. the paper was focused, more than any other anarchist paper since world war i, on being relevant to left leaning working people. it was partially subsidized by locals of the ilgwu and the amalgamated clothing workers, which, even in 1938, retained a coterie anarchists in their ranks.
the final issue of vanguard was distributed in february 1939. less than two months after the demise of vanguard, challenge also folded due to mounting debts with its printer. always financially tenuous projects, contributions fell to almost nothing following the defeat of the spanish anarchists. “the fascist victory disastrously undermined not only the morale of the readers but the morale of the members of the vanguard group itself,” dolgoff admitted. despite the knowledge that the anarchist movement was an insignificant force in u.s. social life, members had managed to continue their work through a faith built on hopes for the movement abroad. the defeat of the spanish anarchists by franco and his fascist allies, then, dealt a lethal blow.
edited to become a stand-alone libcom.org article
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ə nərs ɪn ˌɪndiˈænə ɪz aʊt əv ə ʤɑb ˈæftər səˈʤɛstɪŋ ɔn tˈwɪtər ðət ðə sənz əv waɪt ˈwɪmən ˈsækrəˌfaɪst tɪ ðə wolves,”*,” ˈhɑˌspɪtəl əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd. ˌɪndiˈænə ˌjunəˈvərsəti hɛlθ kənˈfərmd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ˈsənˌdi ðət ə ˈrisəntli haɪərd ɪmˈplɔɪi tɪ ˈtrəbəlɪŋ poʊsts ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl media”*” ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd wɑz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ɪmˈplɔɪd baɪ ðə hɛlθ kɛr ˈsɪstəm, ðə ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs stɑr ˌriˈpɔrtəd. ðə əˈfɛndɪŋ twit, wɪʧ wɑz ˈpoʊstɪd frəm ən əˈkaʊnt neɪmd naɪt nərs, hæd bɪn lɪŋkt tɪ ən ɪmˈplɔɪi neɪmd ˈbeɪkər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər. waɪt ˈwʊmən ˈreɪzɪz ə ˈdɛtrəmənt tɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti wɪn ðeɪ reɪz ə son,”*,” ðə poʊst rɛd. wɪθ ðə haɪəst prəˈpɛnsɪti tɪ bi ə ˈtɛrərɪst, ˈreɪpɪst, ˈreɪsɪst, ənd dəˈmɛstɪk ˈvaɪələns ɔl stɑr. hɪˈstɔrɪkəli ˈɛvəri sən ju hæd ʃʊd bi ˈsækrəˌfaɪst tɪ ðə wʊlvz b-tch.”*.” ˈbeɪkər wɑz nɑt əˈfɪʃəli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd, bət ə ˈspoʊksmən fər hɛlθ kənˈfərmd ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ðət ˈbeɪkər wərkt fər ðə hɛlθ kɛr ˈsɪstəm wɪn ðə twit wɑz ˈpoʊstɪd. hɛlθ ɪz əˈwɛr əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈtrəbəlɪŋ poʊsts ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə wɪʧ əˈpɪr tɪ bi frəm ə ˈrisəntli haɪərd hɛlθ employee,”*,” hɛlθ ˈspoʊksmən ˈʤeɪsən ˈfɛknər toʊld ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər. dɪˈpɑrtmənt kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ənd ðə ˌɔθənˈtɪsɪti əv ðə poʊsts. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ðət ɪmˈplɔɪi (hu dɪz nɑt wərk fər ˈraɪli ˈhɑˌspɪtəl fər ˈʧɪldrən) wɪl hæv noʊ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈpeɪʃənt care.”*.” ˈfɛknər dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ɪf ˈbeɪkər wɑz faɪərd ər rɪˈzaɪnd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə poʊsts, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌni ˈpɑləsi. ˈbeɪkər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ steɪt ˈrɛkərdz, wɑz ˈlaɪsənst ɛz ə ˈrɛʤɪstərd nərs ɔn ɔkt. 30 ənd kleɪmd tɪ hæv wərkt ɪn ˌpidiˈætrɪks, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ dɪˈlitəd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə poʊsts ˈsaɪtɪd baɪ wxin*. bət ˈfɛknər toʊld ðə poʊst ˈərli ˈmənˌdeɪ ðət ʃi ʤɔɪnd ðə hɛlθ kɛr ˈsɪstəm lɛs ðən ə mənθ əˈgoʊ. wɑz stɪl goʊɪŋ θru ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən ənd ˈkɛrɪŋ fər patients,”*,” ˈfɛknər toʊld ðə poʊst ɪn ən iˈmeɪl. hæd noʊ ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈɪʃuz praɪər tɪ ðɪs matter.”*.” əˈkaʊnt wɑz dɪˈlitəd ənd həz əˈpɛrəntli bɪn ˈrɛkriˌeɪtɪd baɪ ə nu ˈjuzər hu ˈpoʊstɪd ə ˈsɪriz əv ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈlaɪknəs əv ˈpɛpi ðə frɑg ɛz ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp.
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a nurse in indiana is out of a job after suggesting on twitter that the sons of white women “be sacrificed to the wolves,” hospital officials said.
indiana university health confirmed in a statement on sunday that a recently hired employee “tied to troubling posts on social media” over the weekend was no longer employed by the health care system, the indianapolis star reported.
the offending tweet, which was posted from an account named night nurse, had been linked to an employee named taiyesha baker, according to the newspaper.
“every white woman raises a detriment to society when they raise a son,” the since-deleted post read. “someone with the highest propensity to be a terrorist, rapist, racist, and domestic violence all star. historically every son you had should be sacrificed to the wolves b-tch.”
baker was not officially identified, but a spokesman for iu health confirmed on saturday that baker worked for the health care system when the tweet was posted.
“iu health is aware of several troubling posts on social media which appear to be from a recently hired iu health employee,” iu health spokesman jason fechner told the newspaper. “our hr department continues to investigate the situation and the authenticity of the posts. during the investigation, that employee (who does not work for riley hospital for children) will have no access to patient care.”
fechner declined to indicate if baker was fired or resigned during the investigation into the posts, citing company policy.
baker, according to state records, was licensed as a registered nurse on oct. 30 and claimed to have worked in pediatrics, according to deleted social media posts cited by wxin. but fechner told the post early monday that she joined the health care system less than a month ago.
“she was still going through orientation and wasn’t caring for patients,” fechner told the post in an email. “she had no disciplinary issues prior to this matter.”
baker’s account — @tai_fieri — was deleted and has apparently been recreated by a new user who posted a series of tweets on saturday, including a likeness of pepe the frog as president donald trump.
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du tɪ ˈkɑnflɪkts wɪθ ˈmɪdˌtərmz, ðə ˌlɔɪˈoʊlə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ʧɪr skwɑd wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ sɛnd ˈoʊnli wən ˈʧɪˌrlidər, ˈsɑfˌmɔr ˈmædi ˈkɛni, tɪ ðɪs məˈzʊri ˈvæli ˈkɑnfərəns ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˈtʊrnəmənt ɪn st*. ˈʧɑrəlz. wɪn ðə ˈwɪʧəˌtɔ steɪt skwɑd, wɪʧ hæd ə fʊl ˈkɑmpləmənt əv ˈʧɪˌrlidərz ənd jɛl ˈlidərz, faʊnd aʊt ˌbiˈfɔr ðɛr timz mɛt ɪn ə ˈʃɑkər ˈvɪktəri ðeɪ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ˈkɛni tɪ ʧɪr wɪθ ðɛm ˈdʊrɪŋ timeouts*. ˈtoʊtəli θɔt ðeɪ wər ˈkɪdɪŋ æt first,”*,” ˈkɛni sɛd. θɪŋ aɪ nu, aɪ wɑz ɪn ən extension.”*.” ˈkɛni toʊld ðɛm hər ˈstɔri ənd haʊ ʃi hæd nɑt ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪn ɪn ðə ɛr sɪns haɪ skul. ˈwɪʧəˌtɔ steɪt əˈblaɪʤd ənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈtaɪˌmaʊt ɪn ðə fərst hæf, ˈkɛni wɑz reɪzd ɪn ðə ɛr əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈwɪʧəˌtɔ steɪt ˈʧɪˌrlidərz. saɪn əp ənd seɪv gɪt sɪks mənθs əv fri ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈwɪʧəˌtɔ ˈigəl ðə ˈwɪʧəˌtɔ steɪt kraʊd rɔrd ɪts əˈpruvəl æt ðə dɪˈspleɪ əv ˈspɔrtsmənˌʃɪp. ju gɪt ə bənʧ əv ˈʧɪˌrlidərz ɪn ðə seɪm rum təˈgɛðər, ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈsəmˌbɑdi ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi flaɪɪŋ θru ðə air,”*,” ˈwɪʧəˌtɔ steɪt ʧɪr koʊʧ ˈkɛli sɛd. wɑz ˈrɪli kul tɪ si ðə riˈækʃən. ɪt wɑz soʊ sweet.”*.” fər ˈkɛni, ɪt wɑz ə ˈmoʊmənt ʃi sɛd ʃi wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz rɪˈmɛmbər. wɑz ˌæbsəˈlutli ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ənd ɪt ˈrɪli mɛnt ə lɔt tɪ si ðə ˈspɔrtsmənˌʃɪp ˈwɪʧəˌtɔ steɪt displayed,”*,” ˈkɛni sɛd. ɑr ʤɑb ɛz ˈʧɪˌrlidərz tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ənd sprɛd tim ˈspɪrɪt, soʊ ˈrɪli ˈɔsəm wi hæd ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ du ɪt together.”*.”
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due to conflicts with midterms, the loyola university cheer squad was able to send only one cheerleader, sophomore maddie kenney, to this week’s missouri valley conference women’s basketball tournament in st. charles.
when the wichita state squad, which had a full complement of cheerleaders and yell leaders, found out before their teams met in friday’s quarterfinals – a 59-42 shocker victory – they immediately invited kenney to cheer with them during timeouts.
“i totally thought they were kidding at first,” kenney said. “next thing i knew, i was in an extension.”
kenney told them her story and how she had not actually been in the air since high school. wichita state obliged and during a timeout in the first half, kenney was raised in the air along with the rest of the wichita state cheerleaders.
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the wichita state crowd roared its approval at the display of sportsmanship.
“if you get a bunch of cheerleaders in the same room together, eventually somebody is going to be flying through the air,” wichita state cheer coach kelli rappard said. “that was really cool to see the crowd’s reaction. it was so sweet.”
for kenney, it was a moment she said she will always remember.
“it was absolutely incredible and it really meant a lot to see the sportsmanship wichita state displayed,” kenney said. “it’s our job as cheerleaders to encourage and spread team spirit, so really awesome we had the opportunity to do it together.”
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ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 2008 ə juˈnik haɪ skul ˈfʊtˌbɔl geɪm tʊk pleɪs bɪtˈwin ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl steɪt skul ənd ˈgreɪpˌvaɪn feɪθ ɪn ˈgreɪpˌvaɪn, ˈtɛksəs. ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ɪˈvɛnt tʊk pleɪs θri jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ðə ˈstɔri əv ðə geɪm ɪz ˈsədənli goʊɪŋ ˈvaɪrəl. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈmægəˌzin, ðə ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl steɪt tɔrˈneɪdoʊz riʧt ðə ˈgreɪpˌvaɪn feɪθ fild ɔn ə ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt, ənd wər ˈgritɪd baɪ ən ənˈjuˌʒuəl sin. ðə ˈgreɪpˌvaɪn fænz wər ˈʧɪrɪŋ fər ðɛm ðə ˈraɪvəl tim ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðɛr hoʊm tim. ðə fænz ðɛn fɔrmd ə ˈspɪrɪt laɪn fər ðə tɔrˈneɪdoʊz tɪ rən θru wɪθ ə ˈbænər ˈpeɪnɪd wɪθ "goʊ tɔrˈneɪdoʊz" ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ðɛm æt ðə ɛnd. pləs, hæf əv ˈʧɪˌrlidərz ˈrutɪŋ fər ðə əˈpoʊzɪŋ tim. "aɪ ˈnɛvər ɪn maɪ laɪf θɔt aɪd hir ˈpipəl ˈʧɪrɪŋ fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ hɪt ðɛr kɪdz," ənd ˈmɪdəl ˈlaɪnˌbækər, ˌaɪˈzeɪə toʊld. "aɪ ˈwʊdənt ɪkˈspɛkt əˈnəðər ˈpɛrənt tɪ tɛl ˈsəmˌbɑdi tɪ hɪt ðɛr kɪdz. bət ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ!" ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə tɔrˈneɪdoʊz ˈəltəmətli lɔst ðət geɪm, ðə ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl pleɪərz wər soʊ pəmpt əp ðət ðeɪ geɪv hɛd koʊʧ mɑrk ˈwɪljəmz ə ˈsaɪˌdlaɪn ʃaʊər laɪk hid ʤɪst wən ðə ˈsupərˌboʊl. soʊ waɪ ɔl ðə ˈɛfərt fər ə ˈraɪvəl skul wɪθ ə ˈrɛkərd? ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl ɪz ə kərˈɛkʃənəl fəˈsɪlɪti 75 maɪəlz nɔrθ əv ˈdæləs. ˈɛvəri geɪm ðeɪ pleɪ ɪz ɔn ðə roʊd ənd ðə pleɪərz ər ɛˈskɔrtɪd tɪ ənd frəm ðə fild baɪ 12 ˈjunəˌfɔrmd gɑrdz wɪθ ˈhændˌkəfs ɪn ðɛr bæk ˈpɑkəts. hɛd koʊʧ, krɪs ˈhoʊˌgɑn, ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðət hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ kaɪnd fər ðə ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl tim ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɛr ˈfʊtˌbɔl mæʧ, ˌriˈpɔrtəd. feɪθ hæd ˈnɛvər pleɪd ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl ˌbiˈfɔr bət ˈhoʊˌgɑn nu ðə ɑdz əv ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl ˈwɪnɪŋ wər slɪm. feɪθ hæd ə ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈrɛkərd ənd ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl hæd ˈoʊnli skɔrd tu ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz ɔl jɪr. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, feɪθ həz 70 kɪdz, 11 ˈkoʊʧɪz, ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɪkˈwɪpmənt ənd ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˈpɛrənts. ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl, ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, həz ˈtiˌneɪʤərz wɪθ kənˈvɪkʃənz fər drəgz, əˈsɔlt ənd ˈrɑbəri ɔl ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈʃoʊldər pædz ənd ˈaʊtˌdeɪtɪd ˈhɛlməts. soʊ, ˈhoʊˌgɑn sɛnt ə ˈmɛsɪʤ tɪ ðə feɪθ kəmˈjunɪti. hi æst ðət hæf əv hɪz fænz ʧɪr fər ðə tɔrˈneɪˌdoʊz, hæf əv ðə ˈʧɪˌrlidərz rut fər ðɛm, ənd ˈɛvriˌwən noʊ ðə ˈraɪvəl tim ˈmɛmbərz baɪ neɪm. nɑt ˈɛvriˌwən wɑz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt ðə aɪˈdiə. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, wən feɪθ pleɪər wɔkt ˈɪntu ˈhoʊˌgɑnz ˈɔfəs ənd æst, "koʊʧ, waɪ ər wi duɪŋ ðɪs?" ˈhoʊˌgɑn rɪˈplaɪd, "ˌɪˈmæʤən ɪf ju ˈdɪdənt hæv ə hoʊm laɪf. ˌɪˈmæʤən ɪf ˈɛvriˌbɑdi hæd ˈprɪti məʧ ˈgɪvɪn əp ɔn ju. naʊ ˌɪˈmæʤən wət ɪt wʊd min fər ˈhənərdz əv ˈpipəl tɪ ˈsədənli bɪˈliv ɪn ju." "hɪrz ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ aɪ wɔnt ju tɪ sɛnd," ˈhoʊˌgɑn sɛd. "ju ər ʤɪst ɛz ˈvæljəbəl ɛz ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈpərsən ɔn ˈplænət ərθ." ɪt wɑz ə streɪnʤ ɪkˈspɪriəns fər ðə bɔɪz frəm ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl. "aɪ θɔt ˈmeɪbi ðeɪ wər kənfˈjuzd," ˈæləks, ə ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl ˈlaɪnmən toʊld. "ðeɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈjɛlɪŋ 'dee-fense*!' wɪn ðɛr tim hæd ðə bɔl. aɪ sɛd, 'wət? waɪ ðeɪ cheerin*' fər ˈjuˈɛs?'" "wi kən tɛl ˈpipəl ər ə ˈlɪtəl əˈfreɪd əv ˈjuˈɛs wɪn wi kəm tɪ ðə geɪmz," ˈædɪd ˈʤɛrəld, əˈnəðər ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl pleɪər. "ju kən si ɪt ɪn ðɛr aɪz. ðɛr lookin*' æt ˈjuˈɛs laɪk wɪr ˈkrɪmənəlz. bət ðiz ˈpipəl, ðeɪ wər ˈjɛlɪn' fər ˈjuˈɛs! baɪ ɑr neɪmz!" ðət naɪt, ðə ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl pleɪərz pleɪd ðə bɛst geɪm əv ðɛr lɪvz, ˈskɔrɪŋ tu ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz. ˈæftər ðə geɪm, boʊθ timz ˈgæðərd ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə fild tɪ preɪ ənd ðæts wɪn ˌaɪˈzeɪə səˈpraɪzd ˈɛvriˌbɑdi baɪ ˈæskɪŋ tɪ lɛd. "wi hæd noʊ aɪˈdiə wət ðə kɪd wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ seɪ," rɪˈmɛmbərz koʊʧ ˈhoʊˌgɑn. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ˌaɪˈzeɪə sɛd, "lɔrd, aɪ doʊnt noʊ haʊ ðɪs ˈhæpənd, soʊ aɪ doʊnt noʊ haʊ tɪ seɪ θæŋk ju, bət aɪ ˈnɛvər ˈwʊdəv noʊn ðɛr wɑz soʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ɪn ðə wərld ðət kɛrd əˈbaʊt ˈjuˈɛs." ɛz ðə tɔrˈneɪdoʊz wɔkt bæk tɪ ðɛr bəs, ðeɪ wər iʧ ˈhændɪd ə bæg fər ðə raɪd hoʊm ə ˈbərgər, səm fraɪz, ə ˈsoʊdə, səm ˈkændi, ə ˈbaɪbəl, ənd ən ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ˈlɛtər frəm ə ˈgreɪpˌvaɪn feɪθ pleɪər. ðə ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl koʊʧ ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ˈhoʊˌgɑn ˈæftər ðə geɪm ənd græbd ɪm baɪ ðə ˈʃoʊldərz ənd sɛd, "jul ˈnɛvər noʊ wət jʊr ˈpipəl dɪd fər ðiz kɪdz təˈnaɪt. jul ˈnɛvər, ˈɛvər noʊ." ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðə geɪm, ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl ɪz ə ˈdɪfərənt pleɪs, rɪˈpɔrts rɛf straɪps. laɪk hɑrts ˈrɪli hæv ʧeɪnʤd," ˌsupərɪnˈtɛndənt ˈhɔθɔrn sɛd. "ðə bɔɪz, ə lɔt əv ðɛm, ʤɪst hæd ˈɛnibədi kɛr əˈbaʊt ðɛm," staɪlz, hu həz tɔt æt ðə skul fər faɪv jɪrz, toʊld rɛf straɪps. "wɪn ðeɪ sɔ ðət, ðeɪ brɔt ðət bæk. ənd ðɛn ðɛr pɪrz hərd ðət ðiz ˈpipəl kɛrd əˈbaʊt ðɛm ˈrɪli kɛrd əˈbaʊt ðɛm, nɑt ʤɪst θroʊɪŋ ˈməni æt ðɛm ər θroʊɪŋ ə bæg əv stəf æt ðɛm." boʊθ timz hæv sɪns ˈgɑrnərd ˈnæʃənəl əˈtɛnʃən. ðə ˈstɔri ˈivɪn kɔt ðə əˈtɛnʃən əv ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl kəˈmɪʃənər ˈrɑʤər ˈgʊdɛl, hu wɑz soʊ muvd ðət hi ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ˈhoʊˌgɑn ənd hɪz waɪf tɪ bi hɪz gɛsts æt ˈsupər boʊl xliii*. "ðeɪ ʃoʊd ðət ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɪz mɔr ðən ə geɪm, ðət ðɛr ər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt θɪŋz ˈəðər ðən ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm ər ðə skɔr," koʊʧ deɪl ˈmaɪnɪki əv prɛp, əˈnəðər skul ɪn ðə ˈɛriə, sɛd. əˈbaʊt ˈpipəl, əˈbaʊt riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps." waɪl ˈhoʊˌgɑn ənd hɪz ˈfʊtˌbɔl tim hæv kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ʃoʊ səˈpɔrt fər ɔl ðɛr ˈraɪvəl timz ðeɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz rɪˈmɛmbər ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl steɪt fərst, rɪˈpɔrts ˈpɛgəsəs nuz. ðə ˈænjuəl geɪm bɪtˈwin ˈgreɪpˌvaɪn feɪθ ənd ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl steɪt ɪz noʊn ɛz ðə wən hɑrt boʊl. ˈɛvəri jɪr, fænz ər splɪt bɪtˈwin ðə tu timz, ənd, ɛz pɑrt əv ədˈmɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈfʊtˌbɔl geɪm, ðeɪ ər ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ brɪŋ ˈæŋkəl sɑks ənd gləvz fər ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl ˈstudənts, hu ər ɪn nid əv ˈbeɪsɪk ˈaɪtəmz. ðə wən hɑrt boʊl həz ˈɔlsoʊ lɛnt ɪts neɪm tɪ ə nu ˈmuvi əˈbaʊt ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl ˈvərsəz feɪθ geɪm. stɪl ɪn pre-production*, ðə ˈmuvi boʊsts əˈkleɪmd dɪˈrɛktər mɑrk ˈɛlɪs ənd ɪz biɪŋ prəˈdust baɪ eterné*é fɪlmz ɪn əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən wɪθ ˈpɪkʧərz. h/t*: ˈəˌplɪftɪŋ nuz
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in november 2008, a unique high school football game took place between gainesville state school and grapevine faith in grapevine, texas.
even though the event took place three years ago, the story of the game is suddenly going viral.
according to espn magazine, the gainesville state tornadoes reached the grapevine faith field on a friday night, and were greeted by an unusual scene. the grapevine fans were cheering for them -- the rival team -- instead of their home team.
the fans then formed a 40-yard spirit line for the tornadoes to run through with a banner painted with "go tornadoes" waiting for them at the end. plus, half of faith's cheerleaders rooting for the opposing team.
"i never in my life thought i'd hear people cheering for us to hit their kids," gainesville's qb and middle linebacker, isaiah told espn. "i wouldn't expect another parent to tell somebody to hit their kids. but they wanted us to!"
even though the tornadoes ultimately lost that game, 33-14, the gainesville players were so pumped up that they gave head coach mark williams a sideline squirt-bottle shower like he'd just won the superbowl.
so why all the effort for a rival school with a 0-9 record?
gainesville is a maximum-security correctional facility 75 miles north of dallas. every game they play is on the road and the players are escorted to and from the field by 12 uniformed guards with handcuffs in their back pockets.
faith's head coach, kris hogan, decided that he wanted to do something kind for the gainesville team during their football match, reported espn.
faith had never played gainesville before but hogan knew the odds of gainesville winning were slim. faith had a 7-2 winning record and gainesville had only scored two touchdowns all year. according to espn, faith has 70 kids, 11 coaches, the latest football equipment and involved parents. gainesville, on the other hand, has teenagers with convictions for drugs, assault and robbery -- all wearing 7-year-old shoulder pads and outdated helmets.
so, hogan sent a message to the faith community. he asked that half of his fans cheer for the tornados, half of the cheerleaders root for them, and everyone know the rival team members by name.
not everyone was initially excited about the idea. according to espn, one faith player walked into hogan's office and asked, "coach, why are we doing this?"
hogan replied, "imagine if you didn't have a home life. imagine if everybody had pretty much given up on you. now imagine what it would mean for hundreds of people to suddenly believe in you."
"here's the message i want you to send," hogan said. "you are just as valuable as any other person on planet earth."
it was a strange experience for the boys from gainesville.
"i thought maybe they were confused," alex, a gainesville lineman told espn. "they started yelling 'dee-fense!' when their team had the ball. i said, 'what? why they cheerin' for us?'"
"we can tell people are a little afraid of us when we come to the games," added gerald, another gainesville player. "you can see it in their eyes. they're lookin' at us like we're criminals. but these people, they were yellin' for us! by our names!"
that night, the gainesville players played the best game of their lives, scoring two touchdowns.
after the game, both teams gathered in the middle of the field to pray and that's when isaiah surprised everybody by asking to lead.
"we had no idea what the kid was going to say," remembers coach hogan.
according to espn, isaiah said, "lord, i don't know how this happened, so i don't know how to say thank you, but i never would've known there was so many people in the world that cared about us."
as the tornadoes walked back to their bus, they were each handed a bag for the ride home -- a burger, some fries, a soda, some candy, a bible, and an encouraging letter from a grapevine faith player.
the gainesville coach also found hogan after the game and grabbed him by the shoulders and said, "you'll never know what your people did for these kids tonight. you'll never, ever know."
in the wake of the game, gainesville is a different place, reports ref stripes.
"it’s like people’s hearts really have changed," superintendent gwan hawthorne said.
"the boys, a lot of them, just hadn’t had anybody care about them," styles, who has taught at the school for five years, told ref stripes. "when they saw that, they brought that back. and then their peers heard that these people cared about them -- really cared about them, not just throwing money at them or throwing a bag of stuff at them."
both teams have since garnered national attention.
the story even caught the attention of nfl commissioner roger goodell, who was so moved that he invited hogan and his wife to be his guests at super bowl xliii.
"they showed that football is more than a game, that there are important things other than the outcome or the score," coach dale meinecke of garce prep, another school in the area, said. "it’s about people, it’s about relationships."
while hogan and his football team have continued to show support for all their rival teams they always remember gainesville state first, reports pegasus news. the annual game between grapevine faith and gainesville state is known as the one heart bowl. every year, fans are split between the two teams, and, as part of admission to the football game, they are encouraged to bring ankle socks and gloves for gainesville students, who are in need of basic items.
the one heart bowl has also lent its name to a new movie about the original gainesville vs faith game. still in pre-production, the movie boasts acclaimed director mark ellis and is being produced by eterné films in association with birchwood pictures.
h/t: reddit uplifting news
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tɪ ˈtruli ˌəndərˈstænd ʤɪst haʊ ˈrɪgərəs ənd ˌɪnˈtrusɪv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs tɪ gɪt sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈklɪrəns fər ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz, teɪk ə lʊk ə ˈstændərd fɔrm 86 ˈfɔrməli noʊn ɛz ðə kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr fər ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti pəˈzɪʃənz, ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt rikˈwaɪərz ðət ən ˈæplɪkənt dɪˈskloʊz ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm ˈmɛntəl ˈɪlnəsɪz, ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈɪntərɪsts, ənd ˈbæŋkrəptsi ˈɪʃuz tɪ ˈɛni brəʃ wɪθ ðə lɔ ənd ˈmeɪʤər ər ˈmaɪnər drəg ənd ˈælkəˌhɑl juz. ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ rikˈwaɪərz ə θəroʊ ˈlɪstɪŋ əv ən ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz, əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts, ər ˈfɔrmər ˈruˌmeɪts. æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv iʧ peɪʤ, ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪmˈplɔɪi məst səbˈmɪt hɪz ər hər ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈnəmbər. ˈgɪvɪn ðə lɛŋθ, ðət minz ɪf ˈfɪlɪŋ aʊt ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt, ju wɪl raɪt jʊr ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈnəmbər ˈoʊvər 115 taɪmz. ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ɪt wɑz rɪˈvild ðət ɔl əv ðə ˈdætə ɔn ˈstændərd fɔrm fɪld aʊt baɪ ˈmɪljənz əv ˈkɑrənt ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns workers—*— ɪz naʊ bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ɪn ðə hænz əv ʧaɪˈniz ˈhækərz. ðɪs nɑt ˈoʊnli minz ðət ðə ˈhækərz meɪ hæv əv ˈpərsɪnəl ˈdætə əˈbaʊt əˈmɛrɪkənz wɪθ ˈhaɪli ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ʤɑbz, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ðət ˈkɑnˌtækts ər ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɪmˈplɔɪiz ˈlɪvɪŋ əˈbrɔd kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli bi ˈtɑrgətɪd fər koʊəˈrʃən. æt ɪts wərst, ðɪs ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪdz ə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈrɑstər əv ˈɛvəri əˈmɛrɪkən wɪθ ə sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈklɪrəns.
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to truly understand just how rigorous and intrusive the process to get security clearance for the federal government is, take a look a standard form 86.
formally known as the questionnaire for national security positions, the document requires that an applicant disclose everything from mental illnesses, financial interests, and bankruptcy issues to any brush with the law and major or minor drug and alcohol use. the application also requires a thorough listing of an applicant’s family members, associates, or former roommates. at the bottom of each page, a potential employee must submit his or her social security number. given the questionnaire’s length, that means if you’re filling out this document, you will write your social security number over 115 times.
on friday, it was revealed that all of the data on standard form 86— filled out by millions of current and former military and intelligence workers— is now believed to be in the hands of chinese hackers.
this not only means that the hackers may have troves of personal data about americans with highly sensitive jobs, but also that contacts or family members of american intelligence employees living abroad could potentially be targeted for coercion. at its worst, this cyberbreach also provides a basic roster of every american with a security clearance.
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wən əv ðə ˈbɪgəst dɪˈsɪʒənz ə nu pleɪər tɪ iv wɪl hæv tɪ meɪk ɪz haʊ ðeɪ əˈproʊʧ ˈtreɪnɪŋ skɪlz. æt ə ˈvɛri haɪ ˈlɛvəl, ju ˈiðər treɪn fər naʊ, ər treɪn fər ˈleɪtər. ˈtreɪnɪŋ fər naʊ gɪts ju goʊɪŋ ˈfæstər, bət rɪˈzəlts ɪn fjuər ˈtoʊtəl skɪl pɔɪnts, waɪl ˈtreɪnɪŋ fər ˈleɪtər rikˈwaɪərz bət ɪz mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt ˈlɔŋˈtərm. ˈɔlˌweɪz gɔn wɪθ ˈtreɪnɪŋ fər naʊ, ˈivɪn ɛz aɪ sɪt æt 35m*+ wɪθ tu ˈdɪfərənt ˈpaɪləts. ɔl fər səm min/maxing*, bət ˈweɪtɪŋ 6 mənθs tɪ treɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ bɪˈkəz ɪt dɪz nɑt fɪt ˈɪntu maɪ ˈkɑrənt ɪz nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ du, ənd aɪ faɪnd ðə hoʊl ʧeɪs ˈsəmˈwət leɪm. əv kɔrs æt 35m*+, aɪ kən ɔˈrɛdi du ə hoʊl lɔt. aɪ kən flaɪ ə fɪt ˈbætəlˌʃɪp, aɪ kən flaɪ ə tengu*, aɪ kən juz moʊst ˈfɪtɪŋz, ənd aɪ hæv ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈfɪtɪŋ skɪlz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ɪf aɪ pʊʃ ˈsəmθɪŋ bæk, ˈiðər səm ˈmaɪnər ˈfɪtɪŋ twik, ər səm ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ʃɪp fər ə spɪˈsɪfɪk roʊl. bət ˈivɪn soʊ, aɪ wɔnt tɪ du ɪt, bi dæmd. ðə ɪˈfɪʃənsi træp ɪz fɑr mɔr ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ tɪ nu pleɪərz, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ˈtruli ər ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪn wət ðeɪ kən du. ˈsɛtɪŋ ə plæn tɪ flaɪ ə fɪt maɪt saʊnd gʊd, bət nɑt biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ flaɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ mɔr ðən ə fər sɪks mənθs waɪl ju weɪt ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈprɪti ˈpeɪnfəl. nɑt ˈoʊnli wɪl ju ˈjɔrsɛlf bi ˈlɪmɪtɪd, bət ju bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut ər riækt tɪ wət jʊr ˈkɔrpərˈeɪʃən nidz, wɪʧ ɪz ˈfrəˌstreɪtɪŋ fər ə ˈsiˌiˈoʊ. ə ˈsəmˈwət rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈɪʃu ɪz ðə pərˈsɛpʃən əv ˈhævɪŋ skɪl pɔɪnts. ɪf aɪ si ˈsəmˌwən ɪn ə ˈhərəˌkeɪnz, aɪ əˈsum ðeɪ ər flaɪɪŋ ɪt wɪθ ənd ɪn ə weɪ ðət meɪks sɛns ˈrəðər ðən ɪn ə weɪ ðət fɪts wɪθ ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈfɪtɪŋ skɪlz. ðə pərˈfɔrməns ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə tu kən bi ˈstægərˌɪŋ. fɪts wɪˈθaʊt ˈsɑləd səˈpɔrt skɪlz ʤɪst æd əp. ɔl ðoʊz skɪlz ðət æd 2 3 5 ˌɛtˈsɛtərə ɪn wən ˈɛriə ər əˈnəðər maɪt nɑt sim sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əˈloʊn, bət æd ə bənʧ əv ðɛm əp, ənd ˈsədənli ə ʃɪp ðət ʃʊd hæv ənd ɪz ˈhɪtɪŋ fər 150dps*, flaɪz sloʊər, ɪz lɛs ˈæʤəl, web/scram*, ənd pɑps kˈwɪkli bɪˈkəz ɪt həz. maɪ ˈpərsɪnəl ədˈvaɪs tɪ ɔl ˈbədɪŋ iv ˈpaɪləts wʊd bi tɪ fərst ənd ˈfɔrˌmoʊst du wət meɪks ðə geɪm ˌɛnˈʤɔɪəbəl fər ju. ɪf ju ər nɑt ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn flaɪɪŋ, treɪn tɪ ʤɪst bɪˈkəz ju hæv hərd ðeɪ ər ˈjusfəl. seɪm goʊz fər lɔŋ skɪl plænz; ˈoʊnli baɪ ˈɪntu wən ɪf ju ˌæbsəˈlutli noʊ wət ju ər kəˈmɪtɪŋ tɪ. ˈæftər ðət, treɪn tɪ ˈfʊli flaɪ ə ʃɪp. ʤɪst ʤəmp ˈɪntu ðə həl wɪθ fɪts ənd loʊ səˈpɔrt skɪlz ənd kənˈsɪdər ˈjɔrsɛlf dən. ˈkərəntli ər ðə moʊst ˈflɛksəbəl ʃɪps, ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈhændəl moʊst ənd pərˈfɔrm wɛl ɪn wɪθ ˈoʊvərˌlæpɪŋ skɪl ˈtreɪnɪŋ. ɪf ju hæv ə dɪˈrɛkt goʊl ɔˈrɛdi, kənˈsɪdər ˈtreɪnɪŋ təˈwɔrdz ə ənd flaɪɪŋ ɪt ˈfʊli ˈfɪtɪd. skɪmp ɔn ðə gənz ˈiðər; gənz maɪt bi ə lɔŋ treɪn, bət ðeɪ ər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ənd wɪl əˈlaʊ ju tɪ hɪt ˈhɑrdər fər ə lɔt lɛs gənz ər ə lɔt ˈʧipər ðən ˈmitə 4 gənz ˈkərəntli). wəns ju ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ fɪt ɪt, raʊnd aʊt ðə ʃɪp wɪθ moʊst əv ðə səˈpɔrt skɪlz fər guns/tank*. pərˈhæps nɑt ɔl tɪ vi, bət wɪl jild gʊd rɪˈzəlts, ənd ðoʊz skɪlz wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ hɛlp aʊt wɪn ju swɪʧ tɪ ə ˈdɪfərənt həl. məʧ ˈrəðər flaɪ wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən hu kən du wən θɪŋ ˈvɛri wɛl, ðən ˈsəmˌwən hu kən du faɪv ʤɪst ˈoʊˈkeɪ. ˈhævɪŋ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðoʊz faɪv θɪŋz ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, bət peɪs ˈjɔrsɛlf ənd sɛt ˈrizənəbəl goʊlz. nɑt ˈoʊnli wɪl ju ˈbɛnəfɪt, bət ɔl ðoʊz əraʊnd ju wɪl ɛz wɛl.
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one of the biggest decisions a new player to eve will have to make is how they approach training skills. at a very high level, you either train for now, or train for later. training for now gets you going faster, but year-over-year results in fewer total skill points, while training for later requires patience/waiting but is more efficient long-term.
i’ve always gone with training for now, even as i sit at 35m+ sp with two different pilots. all for some min/maxing, but waiting 6 months to train something because it does not fit into my current plan/remap is not something willing to do, and i find the whole sp/hr chase somewhat lame. of course at 35m+ sp, i can already do a whole lot. i can fly a t2 fit battleship, i can fly a tengu, i can use most t2 fittings, and i have almost perfect fitting skills, etc. if i push something back, either some minor fitting tweak, or some specialized ship for a specific role. but even so, i don’t want to do it, sp/hr be damned.
the efficiency trap is far more damaging to new players, because they truly are limited in what they can do. setting a plan to fly a t2 fit bs might sound good, but not being able to fly anything more than a frig for six months while you wait is going to be pretty painful. not only will you yourself be limited, but you be able to contribute or react to what your corp needs, which is frustrating for a ceo.
a somewhat related issue is the perception of having skill points. if i see someone in a hurricane, i assume they are flying it with t2 mods and in a way that makes sense rather than in a way that fits with the pilot’s current fitting skills. the performance difference between the two can be staggering. t1 fits without solid support skills just don’t add up. all those skills that add 2%, 3%, 5%, etc in one area or another might not seem significant alone, but add a bunch of them up, and suddenly a ship that should have 400dps and 60k ehp is hitting for 150dps, flies slower, is less agile, can’t web/scram, and pops quickly because it has 25k ehp.
my personal advice to all budding eve pilots would be to first and foremost do what makes the game enjoyable for you. if you are not interested in flying bs, don’t train to bs just because you have heard they are useful. same goes for long skill plans; only buy into one if you absolutely know what you are committing to. after that, train to fully fly a ship. don’t just jump into the hull with t1 fits and low support skills and consider yourself done.
currently battlecruisers are the most flexible ships, able to handle most pve and perform well in pvp with overlapping skill training. if you don’t have a direct goal already, consider training towards a bc and flying it fully t2 fitted. don’t skimp on the guns either; t2 guns might be a long train, but they are important and will allow you to hit harder for a lot less (t2 guns are a lot cheaper than meta 4 guns currently). once you are able to t2 fit it, round out the ship with most of the support skills for guns/tank. perhaps not all to v, but iv will yield good results, and those skills will continue to help out when you switch to a different hull.
i’d much rather fly with someone who can do one thing very well, than someone who can do five just ok. having access to those five things is also important, but pace yourself and set reasonable goals. not only will you benefit, but all those around you will as well.
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ə lɔt əv poʊlz hæv kəm aʊt ɪn ðə pæst ˈkəpəl deɪz ʃoʊɪŋ skɑt ˈraɪzɪŋ ɪn wɪˈskɑnsən. bət ˈwɔkər bi ɔn ðə ˈbælət ˈɛniˌtaɪm sun. ʤɪst ə wik frəm təˈmɑˌroʊ, wɪˈskɑnsən ˈvoʊtərz wɪl goʊ tɪ ðə poʊlz ɪn əˈnəðər ˈsteɪtˌwaɪd reɪs fər ðə steɪt səˈprim kɔrt. ənd bɪn ˈprɛʃəs ˈlɪtəl ˈpoʊlɪŋ əv ðət reɪs bɪtˈwin ˌɪnˈkəmbənt ˈʤəstɪs ˈdeɪvɪd ˈprɔsər, ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈfɔrmər ˈlidər əv ðə steɪt əˈsɛmbli, ənd ˈdɛməˌkræt ʤoʊæn ˈklɑpənbərg, ən əˈsɪstənt ˈjuˈɛs əˈtərni. bət ɪf tɪ bɪˈliv ˈrɑbərt ˈkɔstɑ æt ˈnæʃənəl ˌrivˈju, ðət reɪs ɪz ə dead-heat*, ə bæd saɪn fər ðə ˌɪnˈkəmbənt. tu ˈsɔrsəz wɪθ ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈpoʊlɪŋ tɛl ˈjuˈɛs ðət ˈprɔsər ənd ˈklɑpənbərg ər nɪr ˈivɪn, ə bæd saɪn fər ðə ˌɪnˈkəmbənt. həz ˈdrɪvən hɪz ˈnɛgətɪvz up,”*,” wən sɔrs sɪz. wɪl bi hɑrd tɪ draɪv hərz əp. hər læk əv ʤuˈdɪʃəl ɪkˈspɪriəns ʃʊd hərt hər, bət ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ meɪks hər ˈhɑrdər tɪ pɪn daʊn. ðə kˈwɛʃən naʊ ɪz: dɪz ðə raɪt hæv ɪˈnəf ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ ˈkaʊntər ðə ˈgreɪtər wɪˈskɑnsən ˈmɪljənz? ənd ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ du, ɪz ɪt tu leɪt? ɪt ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi fər ðiz læst fju days.”*.” ðɪs ɪz ˈprɪti bæd fər ˈprɔsər, ɛz ðiz ɪˈlɛkʃənz ər ˈtɪpɪkəli fər ðə ˌɪnˈkəmbənt. əmˈjuzɪŋ ðət ðə ˈgreɪtər wɪˈskɑnsən kəˈmɪti, ə prəˈgrɛsɪv grup wɪʧ həz dən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ɪn ðə reɪs, ɪz dɪˈpɪktɪd ɛz səm kaɪnd əv ˈbihəməθ. wi noʊ ðət ðə ˈlɑbiɪŋ grup wɪˈskɑnsən ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ənd ˈkɑmərs ər səˈlɪsətɪŋ ənd ˌəndɪˈskloʊzd donations”*” ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ˈwɔkər. ðə wɪˈskɑnsən kləb fər groʊθ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪntərˈvinɪŋ ɔn bɪˈhæf. ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli, wɪˈθaʊt ˈsɪtɪzənz juˈnaɪtɪd, səʧ ˌəndɪˈskloʊzd ˈkɔrpərət doʊˈneɪʃənz wʊd hæv bɪn ˌɪˈligəl. ɪt həz bɪn noʊn fər səm taɪm ðət boʊθ saɪdz wʊd spɛnd ə lɔt əv ˈməni ɔn ðɪs reɪs ɪn ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ɪkˈspɛndɪʧərz (ðə ˈkænədɪts ðɛmˈsɛlvz ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ˈfəndɪŋ). ˈniðər ˈkænədɪt læks fər ˈrisɔrsɪz spɛnt ɔn ðɛr bɪˈhæf. ʤɪst ðət ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ kəˈnɛktɪŋ ˈprɔsər tɪ ˈwɔkər, wən wɪʧ ənˈtɪl ə fju wiks əˈgoʊ ˈprɔsər wɑz praʊd tɪ oʊn, ɪz ˈstɪkɪŋ. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈspɛʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ənd ðə steɪt səˈprim kɔrt reɪs ɪz ˈpræktɪkəli ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈbælət ɪn moʊst ˈdɪstrɪkts. ˈtərˌnaʊt, ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi æt ˈoʊnli əraʊnd 20 wɪl bi ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈfæktər, ənd ðə ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm gæp lʊks tɪ ˈfeɪvər ðə anti-walker*, kraʊd. ðə reɪs həz bɪˈkəm pɑrt əv ðə ˈnɛrətɪv fər rɪˈfɔrmərz ɪn wɪˈskɑnsən, ənd ðə fækt ðət ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz ər ˈθəmɪŋ ðɛr noʊz æt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈligəl ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈkænɑt hɛlp ˈprɔsər. ˈfaɪnəli, aɪ ˈnoʊtɪs səm dɪˈskəmfərt wɪθ ə steɪt səˈprim kɔrt reɪs biɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈbælət æt ɔl. bət ðɪs ɪz ˈstændərd ˈpræktɪs ɪn wɪˈskɑnsən, ənd nɑt əˈbaʊt tɪ ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz ə ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət həz ɪgˈzɪstəd ɪn ðə steɪt wɛl ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛniˌwən hərd əv skɑt ˈwɔkər.
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a lot of polls have come out in the past couple days showing scott walker’s rising unfavorables in wisconsin. but walker won’t be on the ballot anytime soon. just a week from tomorrow, wisconsin voters will go to the polls in another statewide race for the state supreme court. and there’s been precious little polling of that race between incumbent justice david prosser, the republican former leader of the state assembly, and democrat joann kloppenburg, an assistant us attorney. but if we’re to believe robert costa at national review, that race is a dead-heat, a bad sign for the incumbent.
two sources with knowledge of internal gop polling tell us that prosser and kloppenburg are near even, a bad sign for the incumbent. “she has driven his negatives up,” one source says. “it will be hard to drive hers up. her lack of judicial experience should hurt her, but it also makes her harder to pin down. the question now is: does the right have enough resources to counter the greater wisconsin committee’s millions? and even if they do, is it too late? it is going to be touch-and-go for these last few days.”
this is pretty bad for prosser, as these elections are typically rubber-stamps for the incumbent.
it’s amusing that the greater wisconsin committee, a progressive group which has done independent advertising in the race, is depicted as some kind of behemoth. we know that the lobbying group wisconsin manufacturers and commerce are soliciting “unlimited and undisclosed donations” in support of walker. the wisconsin club for growth is also intervening on prosser’s behalf. incidentally, without citizens united, such undisclosed corporate donations would have been illegal.
it has been known for some time that both sides would spend a lot of money on this race in independent expenditures (the candidates themselves are taking public funding). neither candidate lacks for resources spent on their behalf. just that the message connecting prosser to walker, one which until a few weeks ago prosser was proud to own, is sticking.
this is a special election and the state supreme court race is practically the only thing on the ballot in most districts. turnout, expected to be at only around 20%, will be a major factor, and the enthusiasm gap looks to favor the anti-walker, anti-prosser crowd. the race has become part of the narrative for reformers in wisconsin, and the fact that the republicans are thumbing their nose at the entire legal process cannot help prosser.
finally, i notice some discomfort with a state supreme court race being on the ballot at all. but this is standard practice in wisconsin, and not about to criticize a process that has existed in the state well before anyone heard of scott walker.
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ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ɪz noʊ mɪr kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈsaɪkoʊˌpæθs. ɪt ɪz ə rɪˈlɪʤəs grup wɪθ ˈkɛrfəli kənˈsɪdərd bɪˈlifs, əˈməŋ ðɛm ðət ɪt ɪz ə ki ˈeɪʤənt əv ðə ˈkəmɪŋ əˈpɑkəˌlɪps. wət ðət minz fər ɪts fər haʊ tɪ stɑp ɪt. wət ɪz ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt? wɛr dɪd ɪt kəm frəm, ənd wət ər ɪts ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz? ðə sɪmˈplɪsɪti əv ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz kən bi dɪˈsivɪŋ, ənd fju ˈwɛstərn ˈlidərz sim tɪ noʊ ðə ˈænsərz. ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər, ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈpəblɪʃt ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl ˈkɑmɛnts baɪ ˈmeɪʤər ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmaɪkəl keɪ. nɑˈgɑtə, ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz kəˈmændər fər ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist, ədˈmɪtɪŋ ðət hi hæd ˈhɑrdli ˈbeɪgən ˈfɪgjərɪŋ aʊt ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk əˈpil. hæv nɑt dɪˈfitɪd ðə idea,”*,” hi sɛd. du nɑt ˈivɪn ˌəndərˈstænd ðə idea.”*.” ɪn ðə pæst jɪr, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə həz rɪˈfərd tɪ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt, ˈvɛriəsli, ɛz islamic”*” ənd ɛz team,”*,” ˈsteɪtmənts ðət rɪˈflɛktɪd kənfˈjuʒən əˈbaʊt ðə grup, ənd meɪ hæv kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt strəˈtiʤɪk ˈɛrərz. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔri wət tɪ du əˈbaʊt ˈaɪsəs? ðə grup sizd ˈmoʊsəl, ˌɪˈrɑk, læst ʤun, ənd ɔˈrɛdi rulz ən ˈɛriə ˈlɑrʤər ðən ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm. ˈæbu həz bɪn ɪts ˈlidər sɪns meɪ 2010 bət ənˈtɪl læst ˈsəmər, hɪz moʊst ˈrisənt noʊn əˈpɪrəns ɔn fɪlm wɑz ə ˈgreɪni məg ʃɑt frəm ə steɪ ɪn juz. kæpˈtɪvəti æt kæmp ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən əv ˌɪˈrɑk. ðɛn, ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 5 əv læst jɪr, hi stɛpt ˈɪntu ðə ˈpʊlpɪt əv ðə greɪt mɔsk əv ɪn ˈmoʊsəl, tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ə ˈrɑməˌdɑn ˈsərmən ɛz ðə fərst ˈkæləf ɪn hɪz ˌrɛzəˈluʃən frəm ˈgreɪni tɪ high-definition*, ənd hɪz pəˈzɪʃən frəm ˈhənɪd gərˈɪlə tɪ kəˈmændər əv ɔl ˈməzlɪmz. ðə ˈɪnˌfloʊ əv ʤiˈhɑˌdɪsts ðət ˈfɑloʊd, frəm əraʊnd ðə wərld, wɑz ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ɪn ɪts peɪs ənd ˈvɑljum, ənd ɪz kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ. ɑr ˈɪgnərəns əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ɪz ɪn səm weɪz ˌəndərˈstændəbəl: ɪt ɪz ə ˈhərmət ˈkɪŋdəm; fju hæv gɔn ðɛr ənd rɪˈtərnd. həz ˈspoʊkən ɔn ˈkæmərə ˈoʊnli wəns. bət hɪz ˈæˌdrɛs, ənd ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈkaʊntləs ˈəðər ˌprɑpəˈgændə ˈvɪdioʊz ənd ɛnˈsɪklɪkəlz, ər ˈɔnˌlaɪn, ənd ðə səˈpɔrtərz hæv tɔɪld ˈmaɪtəli tɪ meɪk ðɛr ˈprɑʤɛkt knowable*. wi kən ˈgæðər ðət ðɛr steɪt ˈriʤɛkts pis ɛz ə ˈmætər əv ˈprɪnsəpəl; ðət ɪt fər ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd; ðət ɪts rɪˈlɪʤəs vjuz meɪk ɪt ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəli ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈsərtən taɪps əv ʧeɪnʤ, ˈivɪn ɪf ðət ʧeɪnʤ maɪt ɪnˈʃʊr ɪts sərˈvaɪvəl; ənd ðət ɪt kənˈsɪdərz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ə ˈhɑrbɪnʤər ˈhɛˌdlaɪn pleɪər ˈɪmənənt ɛnd əv ðə wərld. ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt, ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt əv ˌɪˈrɑk ənd (ˈaɪsəs), ˈfɑloʊz ə dɪˈstɪŋktɪv vərˈaɪəti əv ˌɪsˈlɑm huz bɪˈlifs əˈbaʊt ðə pæθ tɪ ðə deɪ əv ˈʤəʤmənt ˈmætər tɪ ɪts ˈstrætəʤi, ənd kən hɛlp ðə wɛst noʊ ɪts ˈɛnəmi ənd prɪˈdɪkt ɪts bɪˈheɪvjər. ɪts raɪz tɪ paʊər ɪz lɛs laɪk ðə traɪəmf əv ðə ˈməzlɪm ˈbrəðərˌhʊd ɪn ˈiʤɪpt (ə grup huz ˈlidərz ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt kənˈsɪdərz) ðən laɪk ðə ˈriləˈzeɪʃən əv ə ˈɔltərˌneɪt ˌriˈæləˌti ɪn wɪʧ ˈdeɪvɪd ˌkɔˈrɛʃ ər ʤɪm ʤoʊnz sərˈvaɪvd tɪ wild ˈæbsəˌlut paʊər ˈoʊvər nɑt ʤɪst ə fju ˈhənərd ˈpipəl, bət səm 8 ˈmɪljən. ə ˈkætəˌlɔg əv səm əv ðə ˈmægəˌzinz moʊst moʊˈmɛntəs wərk. rɛd mɔr wi hæv ˌmɪsəndərˈstʊd ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ɪn æt list tu weɪz. fərst, wi tɛnd tɪ si ɛz ˌmɑnəˈlɪθɪk, ənd tɪ əˈplaɪ ðə ˈlɑʤɪk əv ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ tɪ ən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ðət həz dɪˈsaɪsɪvli ɪˈklɪpst ɪt. ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt səˈpɔrtərz aɪ spoʊk wɪθ stɪl rɪˈfər tɪ oʊˈsɑmə bɪn ˈleɪdən ɛz osama,”*,” ə ˈtaɪtəl əv ˈɑnər. bət həz ɪˈvɑlvd sɪns ˈheɪˌdeɪ, frəm əˈbaʊt 1998 tɪ 2003 ənd ˈmɛni ʤiˈhɑˌdɪsts dɪsˈdeɪn ðə praɪˈɔrətiz ənd ˈkɑrənt ˈlidərˌʃɪp. bɪn ˈleɪdən vjud hɪz ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ɛz ə ˈproʊlɑg tɪ ə hi dɪd nɑt ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ si ɪn hɪz ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm. hɪz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən wɑz ˈflɛksəbəl, ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɛz ə ˌʤiəˈgræfɪkəli dɪfˈjuz ˈnɛtˌwərk əv ɔˈtɑnəməs sɛlz. ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt, baɪ ˈkɑntræst, rikˈwaɪərz ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ləˈʤɪtəmət, ənd ə ˈtɔpˌdaʊn ˈstrəkʧər tɪ rul ɪt. (ɪts bjʊˈrɑkrəsi ɪz dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntu ˈsɪvəl ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɑrmz, ənd ɪts ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ˈɪntu ˈprɑvənsəz.) rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔri ðə ruts əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk əˈpil wi ər mɪsˈlɛd ɪn ə ˈsɛkənd weɪ, baɪ ə bət dɪˈsɑnəst kæmˈpeɪn tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk mɪˈdjivəl rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈneɪʧər. ˈpitər ˈbərgən, hu prəˈdust ðə fərst ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ bɪn ˈleɪdən ɪn 1997 ˈtaɪtəld hɪz fərst bʊk ˈhoʊli wɔr, ɪŋk. ɪn pɑrt tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ bɪn ˈleɪdən ɛz ə ˈkriʧər əv ðə ˈmɑdərn ˈsɛkjələr wərld. bɪn ˈleɪdən ˈtɛrər ənd ˈfrænʧaɪzd ɪt aʊt. hi rɪkˈwɛstɪd spɪˈsɪfɪk pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsɛʃənz, səʧ ɛz ðə wɪθˈdrɔəl əv juz. ˈfɔrsɪz frəm ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə. hɪz fʊt ˈsoʊlʤərz ˈnævəˌgeɪtɪd ðə ˈmɑdərn wərld ˈkɑnfədəntli. ɔn moʊˈhɑmɛd læst fʊl deɪ əv laɪf, hi ʃɑpt æt ˈwɔlˌmɑrt ənd eɪt ˈdɪnər æt ˈpitsə hət. ðɛr ɪz ə tɛmˈteɪʃən tɪ riˈhərs ðɪs ʤiˈhɑˌdɪsts ər ˈmɑdərn ˈsɛkjələr ˈpipəl, wɪθ ˈmɑdərn pəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈsərnz, ˈwɛrɪŋ mɪˈdjivəl rɪˈlɪʤəs meɪk ɪt fɪt ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt. ɪn fækt, məʧ əv wət ðə grup dɪz lʊks nɑnˈsɛnsɪkəl ɪkˈsɛpt ɪn laɪt əv ə sɪnˈsɪr, ˈkɛrfəli kənˈsɪdərd kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ rɪˈtərnɪŋ ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən tɪ ə ˈligəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, ənd ˈəltəmətli tɪ ˈbrɪŋɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə əˈpɑkəˌlɪps. ðə ˈspoʊksmɪn fər ðət pəˈzɪʃən ər ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk əˈfɪʃəlz ənd səˈpɔrtərz ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ðeɪ rɪˈfər dərˈɪsɪvli tɪ ““moderns.”*.” ɪn ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən, ðeɪ ˌɪnˈsɪst ðət ðeɪ wɪl frəm ˈgəvərnɪŋ ˈpriˌsɛpts ðət wər ɛmˈbɛdɪd ɪn ˌɪsˈlɑm baɪ ðə ˈprɑfət mʊˈhɑməd ənd hɪz ˈərliəst ˈfɑloʊərz. ðeɪ ˈɔfən spik ɪn koʊdz ənd əˈluʒənz ðət saʊnd ɑd ər ˌoʊldˈfæʃənd tɪ, bət rɪˈfər tɪ spɪˈsɪfɪk trəˈdɪʃənz ənd tɛksts əv ˈərli ˌɪsˈlɑm. tɪ teɪk wən ɪgˈzæmpəl: ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, ʃik ˈæbu mʊˈhɑməd al-adnani*, ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ʧif ˈspoʊksmən, kɔld ɔn ˈməzlɪmz ɪn ˈwɛstərn ˈkəntriz səʧ ɛz fræns ənd ˈkænədə tɪ faɪnd ən ˈɪnfɪˌdɛl ənd hɪz hɛd wɪθ ə rock,”*,” ˈpɔɪzən ɪm, rən ɪm ˈoʊvər wɪθ ə kɑr, ər hɪz crops.”*.” tɪ ˈwɛstərn ɪrz, ðə ˈstoʊnɪŋ ənd krɑp ˈstreɪnʤli wɪθ hɪz mɔr kɔl tɪ viˈhɪkjələr ˈhɑməˌsaɪd. (ɛz ɪf tɪ ʃoʊ ðət hi kʊd ˈtɛrəˌraɪz baɪ ˈɪmɪʤri əˈloʊn, ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈfərd tɪ ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ʤɑn ˈkɛri ɛz ən geezer.”*.”) bət wɑz nɑt ˈmɪrli ˈtɔkɪŋ træʃ. hɪz spiʧ wɑz leɪst wɪθ ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ənd ˈligəl dɪˈskəʃən, ənd hɪz ˌɛgˌzɔrˈteɪʃən tɪ əˈtæk krɑps dɪˈrɛkli ˈɛkoʊd ˈɔrdərz frəm mʊˈhɑməd tɪ liv wɛl ˈwɔtər ənd krɑps ðə ˈɑrmiz əv ˌɪsˈlɑm wər ɪn ə dɪˈfɛnsɪv pəˈzɪʃən, ɪn wɪʧ keɪs ˈməzlɪmz ɪn ðə lændz əv, ər ˈɪnfɪdɛlz, ʃʊd bi ənˈmərsɪfəl, ənd ˈpɔɪzən əˈweɪ. ðə ˌriˈæləˌti ɪz ðət ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ɪz ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk. ˈvɛri ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk. jɛs, ɪt həz əˈtræktəd ˈsaɪkoʊˌpæθs ənd ədˈvɛnʧər ˈsikərz, drɔn ˈlɑrʤli frəm ðə ˌdɪsəˈfɛktɪd ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz əv ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ənd ˈjʊrəp. bət ðə rɪˈlɪʤən priʧt baɪ ɪts moʊst ˈɑrdənt ˈfɑloʊərz dɪˈraɪvz frəm koʊˈhɪrənt ənd ˈivɪn ˈlərnɪd ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃənz əv ˌɪsˈlɑm. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔri kʊd ˈaɪsəs ɪgˈzɪst wɪˈθaʊt ˌɪsˈlɑm? ˈvərʧuəli ˈɛvəri ˈmeɪʤər dɪˈsɪʒən ənd lɔ ˈprɑməlˌgeɪtəd baɪ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt əˈdhɪrz tɪ wət ɪt kɔlz, ɪn ɪts prɛs ənd prəˈnaʊnsmənts, ənd ɔn ɪts ˈbɪlˌbɔrdz, ˈlaɪsəns pleɪts, ˈsteɪʃəˌnɛri, ənd kɔɪnz, prəˈfɛtɪk methodology,”*,” wɪʧ minz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈprɑfəsi ənd ɪgˈzæmpəl əv mʊˈhɑməd, ɪn pəŋkˈtɪliəs ˈditeɪl. ˈməzlɪmz kən ˈriʤɛkt ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt; ˈnɪrli ɔl du. bət priˈtɛndɪŋ ðət ɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli ə rɪˈlɪʤəs, grup, wɪθ θiˈɑləʤi ðət məst bi ˌəndərˈstʊd tɪ bi combatted*, həz ɔˈrɛdi lɛd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts tɪ ˈəndərˈɛstəˌmeɪt ɪt ənd bæk ˈfulɪʃ skimz tɪ ˈkaʊntər ɪt. nid tɪ gɪt əkˈweɪnɪd wɪθ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˌʤiniˈɑləʤi ɪf wi ər tɪ riækt ɪn ə weɪ ðət wɪl nɑt ˈstrɛŋθən ɪt, bət ˌɪnˈstɛd hɛlp ɪt ɪn ɪts oʊn ɪkˈsɛsɪv zil. aɪ. dɪˈvoʊʃən ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər, ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt riˈlist ən ˈvɪdioʊ ˈtreɪsɪŋ ɪts ˈɔrəʤɪnz tɪ bɪn ˈleɪdən. ɪt ækˈnɑlɪʤd ˈæbu æl, ðə ˈbrutəl hɛd əv ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk frəm ˈrəfli 2003 ənˈtɪl hɪz ˈkɪlɪŋ ɪn 2006 ɛz ə mɔr ˌɪˈmiˌdiət proʊˈʤɛnɪtər, ˈfɑloʊd səkˈwɛnʃəli baɪ tu ˈəðər gərˈɪlə ˈlidərz ˌbiˈfɔr, ðə ˈkæləf. ˈnoʊtəbli ənˈmɛnʧənd: bɪn səkˈsɛsər, æl, ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃən aɪ ˈsərʤɪn hu ˈkərəntli hɛdz. həz nɑt plɛʤd əˈliʤəns tɪ, ənd hi ɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈheɪtɪd baɪ hɪz ˈfɛloʊ ʤiˈhɑˌdɪsts. hɪz ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən ɪz nɑt hɛlpt baɪ hɪz læk əv kərˈɪzmə; ɪn ˈvɪdioʊz hi kəmz əˈkrɔs ɛz ənd əˈnɔɪd. bət ðə splɪt bɪtˈwin ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ ənd ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt həz bɪn lɔŋ ɪn ðə ˈmeɪkɪŋ, ənd bɪˈgɪnz tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn, æt list ɪn pɑrt, ðə ˈaʊtˌsaɪz əv ðə ˈlætər. kəmˈpænjən ɪn ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən ɪz ə ˌʤɔrˈdeɪniən ˈklɛrɪk neɪmd ˈæbu mʊˈhɑməd æl, 55 hu həz ə fɛr kleɪm tɪ biɪŋ ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt ənd ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ʤiˈhɑˌdɪst ənˈnoʊn tɪ ðə ˈævərɪʤ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˈridər. ɔn moʊst ˈmætərz əv ˈdɔktərɪn, ənd ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt əˈgri. boʊθ ər ˈkloʊsli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd wɪθ ðə ʤiˈhɑˌdɪst wɪŋ əv ə brænʧ əv kɔld salafism*, ˈæftər ðə ˈɛrəbɪk æl æl salih*, ðə forefathers.”*.” ðiz ˈfɔrˌfɑðərz ər ðə ˈprɑfət hɪmˈsɛlf ənd hɪz ˈərliəst æˈdhɪrənts, hum ˈɑnər ənd ˈɛmjəˌleɪt ɛz ðə ˈmɑdəlz fər ɔl bɪˈheɪvjər, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈwɔrˌfɛr, kuˈtʊr, ˈfæməli laɪf, ˈivɪn ˈdɛntɪstri. ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt əˈweɪts ðə ˈɑrmi əv ““rome,”*,” huz dɪˈfit æt, ˈsɪriə, wɪl ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪt ðə ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn tɪ ðə əˈpɑkəˌlɪps. tɔt, hu wɛnt tɪ wɔr ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk wɪθ ðə ˈoʊldər ədˈvaɪs ɪn maɪnd. ɪn taɪm, ðoʊ, sərˈpæst hɪz ˈmɛnˌtɔr ɪn fəˈnætəˌsɪzəm, ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ərnd hɪz rɪˈbjuk. æt ˈɪʃu wɑz ˈpɛnʧənt fər ˈblədi spectacle—and*, ɛz ə ˈmætər əv ˈdɔktərɪn, hɪz ˈheɪtrəd əv ˈəðər ˈməzlɪmz, tɪ ðə pɔɪnt əv ənd ˈkɪlɪŋ ðɛm. ɪn ˌɪsˈlɑm, ðə ˈpræktɪs əv takfir*, ər ˌɛkskəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən, ɪz ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkli ˈpɛrələs. ə mæn sɪz tɪ hɪz ˈbrəðər, ər ən infidel,’*,’ ðə ˈprɑfət sɛd, wən əv ðɛm ɪz right.”*.” ɪf ðə əˈkjuzər ɪz rɔŋ, hi hɪmˈsɛlf həz kəˈmɪtɪd baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə fɔls ˌækjəˈzeɪʃən. ðə ˈpənɪʃmənt fər ɪz dɛθ. ənd jɛt ɪkˈspændɪd ðə reɪnʤ əv bɪˈheɪvjər ðət kʊd meɪk ˈməzlɪmz ˈɪnfɪdɛlz. roʊt tɪ hɪz ˈfɔrmər ˈpjupəl ðət hi ˈnidɪd tɪ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ˈkɔʃən ənd ˈɪʃu sˈwipɪŋ ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃənz əv takfir”*” ər ˈpipəl tɪ bi bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr sins.”*.” ðə dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪtˈwin əˈpɔsteɪt ənd ˈsɪnər meɪ əˈpɪr ˈsətəl, bət ɪt ɪz ə ki pɔɪnt əv kənˈtɛnʃən bɪtˈwin ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ ənd ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔri wət ˈmoʊtəˌveɪts ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts? dɪˈnaɪɪŋ ðə ˈhoʊlinəs əv ðə kɔˈrɑn ər ðə ˈprɑfəsiz əv mʊˈhɑməd ɪz ˈstreɪtˈfɔrwərd. bət ənd ðə steɪt hi spɔnd teɪk ðə pəˈzɪʃən ðət ˈmɛni ˈəðər ækts kən riˈmuv ə ˈməzlɪm frəm ˌɪsˈlɑm. ðiz ˌɪnˈklud, ɪn ˈsərtən ˈkeɪsɪz, ˈsɛlɪŋ ˈælkəˌhɑl ər drəgz, ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈwɛstərn kloʊðz ər ˈʃeɪvɪŋ bɪrd, ˈvoʊtɪŋ ɪn ən fər ə ˈməzlɪm biɪŋ læks əˈbaʊt ˈkɔlɪŋ ˈəðər ˈpipəl. biɪŋ ə ʃiaɪt, ɛz moʊst ˌɪˈræki ˈærəbz ər, mits ðə ˈstændərd ɛz wɛl, bɪˈkəz ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt rɪˈgɑrdz ɛz ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən, ənd tɪ ˈɪnəˌveɪt ɔn ðə kɔˈrɑn ɪz tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ɪts ˌɪˈnɪʃəl pərˈfɛkʃən. (ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt kleɪmz ðət ˈkɑmən ʃiaɪt ˈpræktɪsɪz, səʧ ɛz ˈwərʃɪp æt ðə greɪvz əv ənd ˈpəblɪk self-flagellation*, hæv noʊ ˈbeɪsɪs ɪn ðə kɔˈrɑn ər ɪn ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðə ˈprɑfət.) ðət minz ˈrəfli 200 ˈmɪljən ˈʃiə ər mɑrkt fər dɛθ. soʊ tu ər ðə hɛdz əv steɪt əv ˈɛvəri ˈməzlɪm ˈkəntri, hu hæv ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd ˈmænˌmeɪd lɔ əˈbəv ˈʃɑriə baɪ ˈrənɪŋ fər ˈɔfəs ər ɛnˈfɔrsɪŋ lɔz nɑt meɪd baɪ gɑd. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈdɔktərɪn, ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ɪz kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈpjʊrəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə wərld baɪ ˈkɪlɪŋ væst ˈnəmbərz əv ˈpipəl. ðə læk əv əˈbʤɛktɪv rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ frəm ɪts ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri meɪks ðə tru ɪkˈstɛnt əv ðə sˈlɔtər ənˈnoʊəbəl, bət poʊsts frəm ðə ˈriʤən səˈʤɛst ðət ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˌɛksəˈkjuʃənz ˈhæpən mɔr ər lɛs kənˈtɪnjuəli, ənd mæs ˌɛksəˈkjuʃənz ˈɛvəri fju wiks. ˈməzlɪm ““apostates”*” ər ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən ˈvɪktɪmz. ɪgˈzɛmptɪd frəm ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən, ɪt əˈpɪrz, ər ˈkrɪsʧɪnz hu du nɑt rɪˈzɪst ðɛr nu ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈpərˌmɪts ðɛm tɪ lɪv, ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðeɪ peɪ ə ˈspɛʃəl tæks, noʊn ɛz ðə, ənd ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðɛr subjugation*. ðə kɔˈrænɪk əˈθɔrəti fər ðɪs ˈpræktɪs ɪz nɑt ɪn dɪˈspjut. ˈsɛnʧəriz hæv pæst sɪns ðə wɔrz əv rɪˈlɪʤən sist ɪn ˈjʊrəp, ənd sɪns mɛn stɑpt daɪɪŋ ɪn lɑrʤ ˈnəmbərz bɪˈkəz əv ˌɑrˈkeɪn ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkəl dɪˈspjuts. hɛns, pərˈhæps, ðə ˌɪnkrəˈdulɪti ənd dɪˈnaɪəl wɪθ wɪʧ ˈwɛstərnərz hæv ˈgritɪd nuz əv ðə θiˈɑləʤi ənd ˈpræktɪsɪz əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt. ˈmɛni ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ bɪˈliv ðət ðɪs grup ɪz ɛz dɪˈvaʊt ɛz ɪt kleɪmz tɪ bi, ər ɛz ər əˌpɑkəˈlɪptɪk ɛz ɪts ˈækʃənz ənd ˈsteɪtmənts səˈʤɛst. ðɛr ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm ɪz ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsəbəl. ɪn ðə pæst, ˈwɛstərnərz hu əˈkjuzd ˈməzlɪmz əv ˈblaɪndli ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈeɪnʧənt ˈskrɪpʧərz keɪm tɪ dɪˈzərvd grif frəm ðə leɪt ˈɛdwərd ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ˈkɔlɪŋ ˈməzlɪmz ““ancient”*” wɑz ˈjuʒəwəli ʤɪst əˈnəðər weɪ tɪ ˈdɛnəˌgreɪt ðɛm. lʊk ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðiz ˈskɑlərz ərʤd, tɪ ðə kənˈdɪʃənz ɪn wɪʧ ðiz ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤiz bæd ˈgəvərnəns, ðə ˈʃɪftɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmɔˌriz, ðə hjuˌmɪliˈeɪʃən əv ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn lændz ˈvæljud ˈoʊnli fər ðɛr ɔɪl. wɪˈθaʊt ækˈnɑlɪʤmənt əv ðiz ˈfæktərz, noʊ ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən əv ðə raɪz əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt kʊd bi kəmˈplit. bət ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ðɛm tɪ ðə ɪkˈskluʒən əv ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi rɪˈflɛkts əˈnəðər kaɪnd əv ˈwɛstərn baɪəs: ðət ɪf rɪˈlɪʤəs ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ˈmætər məʧ ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ər bərˈlɪn, ˈʃʊrli ɪt məst bi ˈikwəli ˌɪˈrɛləvənt ɪn ər ˈmoʊsəl. wɪn ə mæskt ˌɛksəˈkjuʃənər sɪz ˈɑkˌbɑr waɪl bɪˈhɛdɪŋ ən əˈpɔsteɪt, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz duɪŋ soʊ fər rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈrizənz. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔri ðə ˈfoʊni ˌɪsˈlɑm əv ˈaɪsəs ˈmɛni ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈməzlɪm ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz hæv gɔn soʊ fɑr ɛz tɪ seɪ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ɪz, ɪn fækt,. ɪt ɪz, əv kɔrs, ˌriəˈʃʊrɪŋ tɪ noʊ ðət ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈməzlɪmz hæv ˈziroʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈmuviz wɪθ ˈpəblɪk ˌɛksəˈkjuʃənz ɛz ˈivnɪŋ ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt. bət ˈməzlɪmz hu kɔl ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ər ˈtɪpɪkəli, ɛz ðə ˈprɪnstən ˈskɑlər ˈbərnərd, ðə ˈlidɪŋ ˈɛkspərt ɔn ðə θiˈɑləʤi, toʊld mi, ənd ˈplɪtɪkli kərˈɛkt, wɪθ ə vju əv ðɛr oʊn religion”*” ðət nɪˈglɛkts ðɛr rɪˈlɪʤən həz hɪˈstɔrɪkəli ənd ˈligəli required.”*.” ˈmɛni dɪˈnaɪəlz əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈneɪʧər, hi sɛd, ər ˈrutɪd ɪn ən tradition.”*.” ˈɛvəri ˌækəˈdɛmɪk aɪ æst əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi sɛnt mi tɪ. əv ˈpɑrʃəl ˈlɛbəˌniz dɪˈsɛnt, gru əp ɪn ˈlɛbənən ənd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ənd wɪn hi tɔks θru hɪz ˈgoʊˈti, ðɛr ɪz ə hɪnt əv ən ˈfɔrən ˈækˌsɛnt. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ðə ræŋks əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ər ˈdipli ˌɪnfˈjuzd wɪθ rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈvɪgər. kɔˈrænɪk kwoʊˈteɪʃənz ər juˈbɪkwɪtəs. ðə fʊt ˈsoʊlʤərz spaʊt ðɪs stəf constantly,”*,” sɛd. məg fər ðɛr ˈkæmərəz ənd rɪˈpit ðɛr ˈbeɪsɪk ˈdɑktrənz ɪn ˌfɔrmjəˈleɪɪk ˈfæʃən, ənd ðeɪ du ɪt ɔl ðə time.”*.” hi rɪˈgɑrdz ðə kleɪm ðət ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt həz dɪˈstɔrtɪd ðə tɛksts əv ˌɪsˈlɑm ɛz prɪˈpɑstərəs, səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈoʊnli θru ˈwɪlfəl ˈɪgnərəns. wɔnt tɪ əbˈzɑlv islam,”*,” hi sɛd. ðɪs ɪz ə rɪˈlɪʤən əv peace’*’ ˈmæntrə. ɛz ɪf ðɛr ɪz səʧ ə θɪŋ ɛz ‘‘islam’*’! wət ˈməzlɪmz du, ənd haʊ ðeɪ ˌɪnˈtərprət ðɛr texts.”*.” ðoʊz tɛksts ər ʃɛrd baɪ ɔl ˈsuni ˈməzlɪmz, nɑt ʤɪst ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt. ðiz gaɪz hæv ʤɪst ɛz məʧ lɪˈʤɪtəməsi ɛz ˈɛniˌwən else.”*.” ɔl ˈməzlɪmz ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðət ˈərliəst ˈkɑnkˌwɛsts wər nɑt ˈtaɪdi əˈfɛrz, ənd ðət ðə lɔz əv wɔr pæst daʊn ɪn ðə kɔˈrɑn ənd ɪn ðə əv ðə rul wər ˈkæləˌbreɪtəd tɪ fɪt ə ˈtərbjələnt ənd ˈvaɪələnt taɪm. ɪn ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃən, ðə ˈfaɪtərz əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ər əˈθɛnɪk tɪ ˈərli ˌɪsˈlɑm ənd ər ˈfeɪθfəli ˌriprəˈdusɪŋ ɪts nɔrmz əv wɔr. ðɪs bɪˈheɪvjər ˌɪnˈkludz ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpræktɪsɪz ðət ˈmɑdərn ˈməzlɪmz tɛnd tɪ prɪˈfər nɑt tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ ɛz ˈɪnəgrəl tɪ ðɛr ˈseɪkrɪd tɛksts. ““slavery*, ˌkrusɪˈfɪkʃən, ənd bɪˈhɛdɪŋz ər nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət [ʤiˈhɑˌdɪsts] ər frəm ðə mɪˈdjivəl tradition,”*,” sɛd. ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈfaɪtərz smæk ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə mɪˈdjivəl trəˈdɪʃən ənd ər ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪt ˈhoʊlˌseɪl ˈɪntu ðə ˈprɛzənt day.”*.” ɑr ˈfeɪljər tɪ əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðə ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ˈaɪsəs ənd ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ həz lɛd tɪ ˈdeɪnʤərəs dɪˈsɪʒənz. ðə kɔˈrɑn ˈspɛsəˌfaɪz ˌkrusɪˈfɪkʃən ɛz wən əv ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpənɪʃmənts pərˈmɪtɪd fər ˈɛnəmiz əv ˌɪsˈlɑm. ðə tæks ɔn ˈkrɪsʧɪnz faɪndz klɪr ɛnˈdɔrsmənt ɪn ðə al-tawba*, ðə naɪnθ ˈʧæptər, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈstrəkts ˈməzlɪmz tɪ faɪt ˈkrɪsʧɪnz ənd ʤuz ðeɪ peɪ ðə wɪθ ˈwɪlɪŋ səbˈmɪʃən, ənd fil ðɛmˈsɛlvz subdued.”*.” ðə ˈprɑfət, hum ɔl ˈməzlɪmz kənˈsɪdər ɪgˈzɛmpləri, ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ðiz rulz ənd oʊnd sleɪvz. ˈlidərz əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt hæv ˈteɪkən ˌɛmjəˈleɪʃən əv mʊˈhɑməd ɛz strɪkt ˈduti, ənd hæv rɪˈvaɪvd trəˈdɪʃənz ðət hæv bɪn ˈdɔrmənt fər ˈhənərdz əv jɪrz. ˈstraɪkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɛm ɪz nɑt ʤɪst ðə literalism*, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈsɪriəsnəs wɪθ wɪʧ ðeɪ rɛd ðiz texts,”*,” sɛd. ɪz ən əˈsɪdwəs, əbˈsɛsɪv ˈsɪriəsnəs ðət ˈməzlɪmz ˈnɔrməli have.”*.” ˌbiˈfɔr ðə raɪz əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt, noʊ grup ɪn ðə pæst fju ˈsɛnʧəriz hæd əˈtɛmptəd ˌfaɪˈdɛləti tɪ ðə prəˈfɛtɪk ˈmɑdəl ðən ðə əv əˈreɪbiə. ðeɪ ˈkɑŋkərd moʊst əv wət ɪz naʊ ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə, ənd ðɛr strɪkt ˈpræktɪsɪz sərˈvaɪv ɪn ə dɪˈlutəd ˈvərʒən əv ˈʃɑriə ðɛr. siz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪtˈwin ðə grups, ðoʊ: wər nɑt ˈwɔntən ɪn ðɛr violence.”*.” ðeɪ wər sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˈməzlɪmz, ənd ðeɪ ˈkɑŋkərd lændz ðət wər ɔˈrɛdi ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk; ðɪs steɪd ðɛr hænd. ““isis*, baɪ ˈkɑntræst, ɪz ˈrɪli riˈlɪvɪŋ ðə ˈərli period.”*.” ˈərli ˈməzlɪmz wər sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ, ənd ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt, bɪˈkəz əv ɪts ˈtɛndənsiz, kənˈsɪdərz ˌɪtˈsɛlf tɪ bi ɪn ðə seɪm ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔri ðə ˈθɪri əv ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ɪf ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ rɪˈvaɪv sˈleɪvəri, ɪt ˈnɛvər sɛd soʊ. ənd waɪ wʊd ɪt? ˈsaɪləns ɔn sˈleɪvəri ˈprɑbəˌbli rɪˈflɛktɪd strəˈtiʤɪk ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, wɪθ ˈpəblɪk ˈsɪmpəθiz ɪn maɪnd: wɪn ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt bɪˈgæn ˈpipəl, ˈivɪn səm əv ɪts səˈpɔrtərz bɔkt. ˌnənðəˈlɛs, ðə həz kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ɪmˈbreɪs sˈleɪvəri ənd ˌkrusɪˈfɪkʃən wɪˈθaʊt əˈpɑləˌʤi. wɪl ˈkɑŋkər jʊr roʊm, breɪk jʊr ˈkrɔsɪz, ənd ɛnsˈleɪv jʊr women,”*,”, ðə ˈspoʊksmən, ˈprɑməst ɪn wən əv hɪz ˌpɪriˈɑdɪk ˈvælənˌtaɪnz tɪ ðə wɛst. wi du nɑt riʧ ðət taɪm, ðɛn ɑr ˈʧɪldrən ənd ˈgrænˌʧɪldrən wɪl riʧ ɪt, ənd ðeɪ wɪl sɛl jʊr sənz ɛz sleɪvz æt ðə sleɪv market.”*.” ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər,, ðə ˈmægəˌzin əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt, ˈpəblɪʃt rɪˈvaɪvəl əv sˈleɪvəri ˌbiˈfɔr ðə hour,”*,” ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ðət tʊk əp ðə kˈwɛʃən əv ˈwɛðər (ðə ˈmɛmbərz əv ən ˈeɪnʧənt ˈkərdɪʃ sɛkt ðət ˈbɑroʊz ˈɛləmənts əv ˌɪsˈlɑm, ənd hæd kəm ˈəndər əˈtæk frəm ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˌɪˈrɑk) ər læpst ˈməzlɪmz, ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr mɑrkt fər dɛθ, ər ˈmɪrli ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr fɛr geɪm fər ɛnsˈleɪvmənt. ə ˈstədi grup əv ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈskɑlərz hæd kənˈvind, ɔn ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɔrdərz, tɪ riˈzɑlv ðɪs ˈɪʃu. ɪf ðeɪ ər, ðə əˈnɑnəməs ˈɔθər roʊt, ˈwɪmən ənd ˈʧɪldrən [ər tɪ bi] dɪˈvaɪdɪd əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈməŋst ðə ˈfaɪtərz əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt hu pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz [ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˌɪˈrɑk] ðə ˈfæməliz əv ðə [ˈɪnfɪdɛlz] ənd ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛr ˈwɪmən ɛz ˈkɑnkjəˌbaɪnz ɪz ə ˈfərmli ɪˈstæblɪʃt ˈæˌspɛkt əv ðə ðət ɪf wən wər tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ər mɑk, hi wʊd bi dɪˈnaɪɪŋ ər ˈmɑkɪŋ ðə ˈvərsɪz əv ðə kɔˈrɑn ənd ðə əv ðə ˈprɑfət ənd ˈðɛrˈbaɪ frəm ˌɪsˈlɑm. ii*. ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈfɔrən ˈməzlɪmz ər θɔt tɪ hæv ˈɪməˌgreɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt. rɪˈkruts heɪl frəm fræns, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm, ˈbɛlʤəm, ˈʤərməni, ˈhɑlənd, ɔˈstreɪljə, ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈpleɪsɪz. ˈmɛni hæv kəm tɪ faɪt, ənd ˈmɛni ˌɪnˈtɛnd tɪ daɪ. ˈpitər ɑr. ˈnumən, ə prəˈfɛsər æt ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈləndən, toʊld mi ðət ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈvɔɪsɪz hæv bɪn ɛˈsɛnʃəl tɪ ˈsprɛdɪŋ ˌprɑpəˈgændə ənd ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðət ˈnuˌkəmərz noʊ wət tɪ bɪˈliv. ˈɔnˌlaɪn rɪˈkrutmənt həz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwaɪdənd ðə ˌdɛməˈgræfɪks əv ðə ʤiˈhɑˌdɪst kəmˈjunɪti, baɪ əˈlaʊɪŋ kənˈsərvətɪv ˈməzlɪm ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ɪn ðɛr riʧ aʊt tɪ rɪˈkrutərz, ˈrædɪkəˌlaɪz, ənd əreɪnʤ ˈpæsɪʤ tɪ ˈsɪriə. θru ɪts əˈpilz tɪ boʊθ ˈʤɛndərz, ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt hoʊps tɪ bɪld ə kəmˈplit soʊˈsaɪɪti. ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər, aɪ ˈtrævəld tɪ ɔˈstreɪljə tɪ mit mˈjusə, ə mæn hum ˈnumən ənd ˈəðər ˈrisərʧərz hæd aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz wən əv ðə tu moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl authorities”*” ˈgaɪdɪŋ ˈfɔrənərz tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt. fər θri jɪrz hi wɑz ə ˌtɛləˈvænʤələst ɔn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ɪn ˈkaɪroʊ, bət hi lɛft ˈæftər ðə ˈsteɪʃən əˈbʤɛktəd tɪ hɪz ˈfrikˌwɛnt kɔlz tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə. naʊ hi ˈpriʧɪz ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd tˈwɪtər. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔri ˈpɪlgrəmz tɪ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt bɪg, ˈfrɛndli mæn wɪθ ə ˈbʊkɪʃ mi hi æt bɪˈhɛdɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊz. hi heɪts siɪŋ ðə ˈvaɪələns, ˈivɪn ðoʊ səˈpɔrtərz əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ ɛnˈdɔrs ɪt. (hi spiks aʊt, əˈməŋ ʤiˈhɑˌdɪsts, əˈgɛnst ˈsuɪˌsaɪd ˈbɑmɪŋ, ɔn ðə graʊnz ðət gɑd fərˈbɪdz ˈsuɪˌsaɪd; hi ˈdɪfərz frəm ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ɔn ə fju ˈəðər pɔɪnts ɛz wɛl.) hi həz ðə kaɪnd əv ənˈkɛmpt ˈfeɪʃəl hɛr wən siz ɔn ˈsərtən ˌoʊvərˈgroʊn fænz əv ðə lɔrd əv ðə rɪŋz, ənd hɪz əbˈsɛʃən wɪθ ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk fɛlt fəˈmɪljər. hi simd tɪ bi ˈlɪvɪŋ aʊt ə ˈdrɑmə ðət lʊks, frəm ən pərˈspɛktɪv, laɪk ə mɪˈdjivəl ˈfænəsi ˈnɑvəl, ˈoʊnli wɪθ ril bləd. læst ʤun, ənd hɪz waɪf traɪd tɪ seɪ tɪ wɛr ˌɪˈligəl tɪ goʊ tɪ syria,”*,” hi sɛd ðeɪ wər kɔt ɛn rut, ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz, ənd hi wɑz dɪˈpɔrtəd bæk tɪ ɔˈstreɪljə fər hɪz ˈvizə. ɔˈstreɪljə həz ˈkrɪmənəˌlaɪzd əˈtɛmpts tɪ ʤɔɪn ər ˈtrævəl tɪ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt, ənd həz ˈkɑnfəˌskeɪtəd ˈpæˌspɔrt. hi ɪz stək ɪn ˈmɛlbərn, wɛr hi ɪz wɛl noʊn tɪ ðə ˈloʊkəl kənˈstæbjəˌlɛri. ɪf wər kɔt fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪŋ ðə ˈmuvmənt əv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz tɪ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt, hi wʊd bi ˌɪmˈprɪzənd. soʊ fɑr, ðoʊ, hi ɪz ˈtɛknɪkəli ənəˈfɪliˌeɪtɪd ˈaɪdiəloʊg hu ˌnənðəˈlɛs spiks wɪθ wət ˈəðər ʤiˈhɑˌdɪsts hæv ˈteɪkən tɪ bi ə rɪˈlaɪəbəl vɔɪs ɔn ˈmætərz əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈdɔktərɪn. wi mɛt fər lənʧ ɪn footscray*, ə dɛns, ˌməltiˈkəlʧərəl ˈmɛlbərn ˈsəbərb hoʊm tɪ ˈloʊnli ˈplænət, ðə ˈpəblɪʃər. gru əp ðɛr ɪn ə half-irish*, ˈfæməli. ɔn ə ˈtɪpɪkəl strit wən kən faɪnd ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈrɛˌstrɑnts, viˌɛtnɑˈmis ʃɑps, ənd jəŋ ˈærəbz ˈwɔkɪŋ əraʊnd ɪn ðə ˈjunəˌfɔrm əv ˈskrægli bɪrd, lɔŋ ʃərt, ənd ˈtraʊzərz ˈɛndɪŋ ˈhæfˈweɪ daʊn ðə kævz. ɪkˈspleɪnd ðə ʤɔɪ hi fɛlt wɪn wɑz dɪˈklɛrd ðə ˈkæləf ɔn ʤun ðə ˈsədən, mægˈnɛtɪk əˈtrækʃən ðət ˌmɛsəpəˈteɪmiə bɪˈgæn tɪ ɪgˈzərt ɔn ɪm ənd hɪz frɛndz. wɑz ɪn ə hoʊˈtɛl [ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz], ənd aɪ sɔ ðə ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən ɔn television,”*,” hi toʊld mi. aɪ wɑz ʤɪst əˈmeɪzd, ənd laɪk, waɪ æm aɪ stək hir ɪn ðɪs ˈblədi room?”*?” ðə læst wɑz ðə ˈɑtəmən ˈɛmpaɪər, wɪʧ riʧt ɪts pik ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri ənd ðɛn ɪkˈspɪriənst ə lɔŋ dɪˈklaɪn, ənˈtɪl ðə ˈfaʊndər əv ðə riˈpəblɪk əv ˈtərki, muˈstɑfə kəˈmɑl atatürk*, ɪt ɪn 1924 bət, laɪk ˈmɛni səˈpɔrtərz əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt, ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðət ɛz ləˈʤɪtəmət, bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈfʊli ɛnˈfɔrs ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ, wɪʧ rikˈwaɪərz ənd sˈleɪvəri ənd ˌæmpjuˈteɪʃənz, ənd bɪˈkəz ɪts wər nɑt dɪˈsɛndɪd frəm ðə traɪb əv ðə ˈprɑfət, ðə. spoʊk æt lɛŋθ əv ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ðə ɪn hɪz ˈmoʊsəl ˈsərmən. hi sɛd ðət tɪ rɪˈvaɪv ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən əv ðə hæd nɑt ˈfəŋkʃənd ɪkˈsɛpt ɪn neɪm fər əˈbaʊt ə kəmˈjunəl ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən. hi ənd hɪz ˈlɔɪəlɪsts hæd tɪ dɪˈklɛr ðə ənd pleɪs ən imam”*” æt ɪts hɛd, hi sɛd. ɪz ə ˈduti əˈpɑn ðə ˈduti ðət həz bɪn lɔst fər ˈsɛnʧəriz ðə ˈməzlɪmz sɪn baɪ ˈluzɪŋ ɪt, ənd ðeɪ məst ˈɔlˌweɪz sik tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ it.”*.” laɪk bɪn ˈleɪdən ˌbiˈfɔr ɪm, spoʊk floridly*, wɪθ ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈskrɪpʧərəl əˈluʒən ənd kəˈmænd əv ˈklæsɪkəl ˈrɛtərɪk. ənˈlaɪk bɪn ˈleɪdən, ənd ənˈlaɪk ðoʊz fɔls əv ðə ˈɑtəmən ˈɛmpaɪər, hi ɪz qurayshi*. ðə, toʊld mi, ɪz nɑt ʤɪst ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈɛntɪti bət ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈviɪkəl fər sælˈveɪʃən. ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˌprɑpəˈgændə ˈrɛgjələrli rɪˈpɔrts ðə ˈplɛʤɪz əv (əˈliʤəns) ˈroʊlɪŋ ɪn frəm ʤiˈhɑˌdɪst grups əˈkrɔs ðə ˈməzlɪm wərld. kˈwoʊtɪd ə prəˈfɛtɪk seɪɪŋ, ðət tɪ daɪ wɪˈθaʊt ˈplɛʤɪŋ əˈliʤəns ɪz tɪ daɪ (ˈɪgnərənt) ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr daɪ ə əv disbelief.”*.” kənˈsɪdər haʊ ˈməzlɪmz (ər, fər ðət ˈmætər, ˈkrɪsʧɪnz) ˌɪˈmæʤən gɑd dilz wɪθ ðə soʊlz əv ˈpipəl hu daɪ wɪˈθaʊt ˈlərnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə wən tru rɪˈlɪʤən. ðeɪ ər ˈniðər ˈɑbviəsli seɪvd nɔr dɪˈfɪnɪtɪvli kənˈdɛmd. ˈsɪmələrli, sɛd, ðə ˈməzlɪm hu ækˈnɑlɪʤɪz wən ɑmˈnɪpətənt gɑd ənd preɪz, bət hu daɪz wɪˈθaʊt ˈplɛʤɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ ə ˈvælɪd ˈkæləf ənd ˌɪnˈkərɪŋ ðə ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃənz əv ðət oʊθ, həz feɪld tɪ lɪv ə ˈfʊli ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk laɪf. aɪ ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ðɪs minz ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈməzlɪmz ɪn ˈhɪstəri, ənd ɔl hu pæst əˈweɪ bɪtˈwin 1924 ənd 2014 daɪd ə dɛθ əv ˌdɪsbɪˈlif. ˈnɑdɪd ˈgreɪvli. wʊd goʊ soʊ fɑr ɛz tɪ seɪ ðət ˌɪsˈlɑm həz bɪn reestablished”*” baɪ ðə. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔri ˈaɪsəs ənd ðə fəˈnɑməˌnɑn aɪ æst ɪm əˈbaʊt hɪz oʊn, ənd hi kˈwɪkli kərˈɛktɪd mi: seɪ ðət plɛʤd allegiance.”*.” ˈəndər ɔˈstreɪljən lɔ, hi riˈmaɪndɪd mi, ˈgɪvɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt wɑz ˌɪˈligəl. aɪ əˈgri ðət [baghdadi*] fʊlˈfɪlz ðə requirements,”*,” hi kənˈtɪnjud. ʤɪst goʊɪŋ tɪ wɪŋk æt ju, ənd ju teɪk ðət tɪ min ˌwəˈtɛvər ju want.”*.” tɪ bi ðə ˈkæləf, wən məst mit kənˈdɪʃənz ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd ɪn ˈsuni ə ˈməzlɪm ˈædəlt mæn əv dɪˈsɛnt; ɪgˈzɪbɪtɪŋ ˈmɔrəl ˈproʊbəti ənd ˈfɪzɪkəl ənd ˈmɛntəl ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti; ənd ˈhævɪŋ ’’amr*, ər əˈθɔrəti. ðɪs læst kraɪˈtɪriən, sɛd, ɪz ðə ˈhɑrdəst tɪ fʊlˈfɪl, ənd rikˈwaɪərz ðət ðə ˈkæləf hæv ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ɪn wɪʧ hi kən ɛnˈfɔrs ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ. ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt əˈʧivd ðət lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ʤun 29 sɛd, ənd ɛz sun ɛz ɪt dɪd, ə ˈwɛstərn ˈkɑnvərt wɪˈθɪn ðə dɪˈskraɪbd ɪm ɛz əv ə ˈmərmərɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən tɪ dɪˈklɛr ə. hi ənd ˈəðərz spoʊk kˈwaɪətli tɪ ðoʊz ɪn paʊər ənd toʊld ðɛm ðət ˈfərðər dɪˈleɪ wʊd bi ˈsɪnfəl. poʊsts frəm ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt səˈʤɛst ðət ˌɛksəˈkjuʃənz ˈhæpən mɔr ər lɛs kənˈtɪnjuəli. sɛd ə ˈfækʃən əroʊz ðət wɑz priˈpɛrd tɪ meɪk wɔr ɔn grup ɪf ɪt dɪˈleɪd ˈɛni ˈfərðər. ðeɪ priˈpɛrd ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈvɛriəs ˈpaʊərfəl ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈaɪsəs, ˈɛrɪŋ ðɛr dɪˈsplɛʒər æt ðə ˈfeɪljər tɪ əˈpɔɪnt ə ˈkæləf, bət wər ˈpæsəˌfaɪd baɪ, ðə ˈspoʊksmən, hu lɛt ðɛm ɪn ɔn ə ə hæd ɔˈrɛdi bɪn dɪˈklɛrd, lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈpəblɪk əˈnaʊnsmɛnt. ðeɪ hæd ðɛr ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈkæləf, ənd æt ðət pɔɪnt ðɛr wɑz ˈoʊnli wən ˈɔpʃən. legitimate,”*,” sɛd, məst gɪv ɪm ðə baya’a.”*.” rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔri haʊ ˈaɪsəs ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri həz ʧeɪnʤd sɪns ðə juz. ˈbɑmɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn bɪˈgæn ˈæftər ˌʤuˈlaɪ ˈsərmən, ə strim əv ʤiˈhɑˌdɪsts bɪˈgæn floʊɪŋ ˈdeɪli ˈɪntu ˈsɪriə wɪθ rɪˈnud ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən. todenhöfer*, ə ˈʤərmən ˈɔθər ənd ˈfɔrmər ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən hu ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər, ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðə ərˈaɪvəl əv 100 ˈfaɪtərz æt wən rɪˈkrutmənt ˈsteɪʃən ɪn ʤɪst tu deɪz. hɪz rɪˈpɔrt, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz, səˈʤɛsts ə ˈɪnˌfloʊ əv ˈfɔrənərz, ˈrɛdi tɪ gɪv əp ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ æt hoʊm fər ə ʃɑt æt ˈpɛrəˌdaɪs ɪn ðə wərst pleɪs ɔn ərθ. ɪn ˈləndən, ə wik ˌbiˈfɔr maɪ mil wɪθ, aɪ mɛt wɪθ θri əv ə bænd ˈɪsləmɪst grup kɔld æl (ðə ˈɛməgrənts):, ˈæbu, ənd æbˈdul muhid*. ðeɪ ɔl ɪkˈsprɛst dɪˈzaɪər tɪ ˈɛməˌgreɪt tɪ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt, ɛz ˈmɛni əv ðɛr ˈkɑligz ɔˈrɛdi hæd, bət ðə əˈθɔrətiz hæd ˈkɑnfəˌskeɪtəd ðɛr ˈpæˌspɔrts. laɪk, ðeɪ rɪˈgɑrdɪd ðə ɛz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈraɪʧəs ˈgəvərnmənt ɔn ərθ, ðoʊ nən wʊd kənˈfɛs ˈhævɪŋ plɛʤd əˈliʤəns. ðɛr ˈprɪnsəpəl goʊl ɪn ˈmitɪŋ mi wɑz tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn wət ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt stændz fər, ənd haʊ ɪts ˈpɑləsiz rɪˈflɛkt lɔ., 48 ɪz ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈlidər. hi ˈfrikwɛntli əˈpɪrz ɔn ˈkeɪbəl nuz, ɛz wən əv ðə fju ˈpipəl prəˈdusərz kən bʊk hu wɪl dɪˈfɛnd ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt vəˈsɪfərəsli, ənˈtɪl hɪz maɪk ɪz kət. hi həz ə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm ɛz ə ˈloʊθsəm ˈbloʊˌhɑrd, bət hi ənd hɪz dɪˈsaɪpəlz sɪnˈsɪrli bɪˈliv ɪn ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ənd, ɔn ˈmætərz əv ˈdɔktərɪn, spik ɪn ɪts vɔɪs. ənd ðə ˈəðərz ˈfiʧər ˈprɑmənəntli ɪn ðə tˈwɪtər fidz əv ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈrɛzɪdənts, ənd ˈæbu meɪnˈteɪnz ə ˈjuˌtub ˈʧænəl tɪ ˈænsər kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ˈʃɑriə. sɪns sɛpˈtɛmbər, əˈθɔrətiz hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðə θri mɛn ɔn səˈspɪʃən əv səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm. bɪˈkəz əv ðɪs ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ðeɪ hæd tɪ mit mi ˈsɛpərətli: kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən əˈməŋ ðɛm wʊd hæv ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ðə tərmz əv ðɛr beɪl. bət ˈspikɪŋ wɪθ ðɛm fɛlt laɪk ˈspikɪŋ wɪθ ðə seɪm ˈpərsən ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt mæsks. mɛt mi ɪn ə ˈkændi ʃɑp ɪn ðə ist ˈləndən ˈsəbərb əv ilford*. hi wɑz drɛst sˈmɑrtli, ɪn ə krɪsp blu ˈtunɪk ˈriʧɪŋ ˈnɪrli tɪ hɪz ˈæŋkəlz, ənd sɪpt ə rɛd bʊl waɪl wi tɔkt. ˌbiˈfɔr ðə, 85 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈʃɑriə wɑz ˈæbsənt frəm ɑr lives,”*,” toʊld mi. lɔz ər ɪn əˈbeɪəns ənˈtɪl wi hæv naʊ wi hæv one.”*.” wɪˈθaʊt ə, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˌvɪʤəˈlæntiz ər nɑt əˈblaɪʤd tɪ ˈæmpjəˌteɪt ðə hænz əv θivz ðeɪ kæʧ ɪn ðə ækt. bət kriˈeɪt ə, ənd ðɪs lɔ, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə juʤ ˈbɑdi əv ˈəðər ˌʤʊrəˈsprudəns, ˈsədənli əˈweɪkənz. ɪn ˈθɪri, ɔl ˈməzlɪmz ər əˈblaɪʤd tɪ ˈɪməˌgreɪt tɪ ðə ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri wɛr ðə ˈkæləf ɪz əˈplaɪɪŋ ðiz lɔz. wən əv praɪz ˈstudənts, ə ˈkɑnvərt frəm ˈhɪnʤuˌɪzəm neɪmd ˈæbu, ɪˈveɪdɪd pəˈlis tɪ brɪŋ hɪz ˈfæməli əv faɪv frəm ˈləndən tɪ ˈsɪriə ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər. ɔn ðə deɪ aɪ mɛt, ˈæbu aʊt ə ˈpɪkʧər əv hɪmˈsɛlf wɪθ ə kəˈlæʃnɪˌkɑv ɪn wən ɑrm ənd hɪz ˈnubɔrn sən ɪn ðə ˈəðər. ˈhæʃˌtæg: #generationkhilafah*. ðə ˈkæləf ɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ˈʃɑriə. ˈɛni ˌdiviˈeɪʃən wɪl kəmˈpɛl ðoʊz hu hæv plɛʤd əˈliʤəns tɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrm ðə ˈkæləf ɪn ˈpraɪvət əv hɪz ˈɛrər ənd, ɪn ɪkˈstrim ˈkeɪsɪz, tɪ ˌɛkskəmˈjunəˌkeɪt ənd ˌriˈpleɪs ɪm ɪf hi pərˈsɪsts. hæv bɪn pleɪgd wɪθ ðɪs greɪt ˈmætər, pleɪgd wɪθ ðɪs riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti, ənd ɪt ɪz ə ˈhɛvi responsibility,”*,” sɛd ɪn hɪz ˈsərmən.) ɪn rɪˈtərn, ðə ˈkæləf kəˈmændz ðoʊz hu pərˈsɪst ɪn səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈgəvərnmənts, ˈæftər biɪŋ ˈduli wɔrnd ənd ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd əˈbaʊt ðɛr sɪn, ər kənˈsɪdərd. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔri haʊ ˈaɪsəs gɑt ɪts flæg sɛd ˈʃɑriə həz bɪn ˌmɪsəndərˈstʊd bɪˈkəz əv ɪts ˌɪnkəmˈplit ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən baɪ rəˈʒimz səʧ ɛz ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə, wɪʧ dɪz bɪˈhɛd ˈmərdərərz ənd kət ɔf thieves’*’ hænz. problem,”*,” hi ɪkˈspleɪnd, ðət wɪn ˈpleɪsɪz laɪk ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ʤɪst ˈɪmpləmənt ðə ˈpinəl koʊd, ənd prəˈvaɪd ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈʤəstɪs əv ðə hoʊl ˈsɪmpli ɪnˈʤɛndər ˈheɪtrəd təˈwɔrd ðə sharia.”*.” ðət hoʊl ˈpækɪʤ, hi sɛd, wʊd ˌɪnˈklud fri ˈhaʊzɪŋ, fud, ənd ˈkloʊðɪŋ fər ɔl, ðoʊ əv kɔrs ˈɛniˌwən hu wɪʃt tɪ ɪnˈrɪʧ hɪmˈsɛlf wɪθ wərk kʊd du soʊ. æbˈdul muhid*, 32 kənˈtɪnjud əˈlɔŋ ðiz laɪnz. hi wɑz drɛst ɪn ˌmuʤəhɛˈdin ʃik wɪn aɪ mɛt ɪm æt ə ˈloʊkəl ˈrɛˌstrɑnt: ˈskrəfi bɪrd, ˈæfˌgæn kæp, ənd ə ˈwɔlət ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv hɪz kloʊðz, əˈtæʧt wɪθ wət lʊkt laɪk ə ˈʃoʊldər ˈhoʊlstər. wɪn wi sæt daʊn, hi wɑz ˈigər tɪ dɪˈskəs ˈwɛlˌfɛr. ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt meɪ hæv ˈpənɪʃmənts fər ˈmɔrəl kraɪmz (ˈlæʃɪz fər ˈbuzɪŋ ər fornication*, ˈstoʊnɪŋ fər əˈdəltəri), bət ɪts ˈproʊˌgræm ɪz, æt list ɪn səm ˈæˌspɛkts, prəˈgrɛsɪv tɪ ə dɪˈgri ðət wʊd pliz ən ˈpəndət. hɛlθ kɛr, hi sɛd, ɪz fri. ɪt fri ɪn ˈbrɪtən, too?,”*?,” aɪ æst. really,”*,” hi sɛd. prəˈsiʤərz ˈkəvərd, səʧ ɛz vision.”*.”) ðɪs prəˈvɪʒən əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈwɛlˌfɛr wɑz nɑt, hi sɛd, ə ˈpɑləsi ʧɔɪs əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt, bət ə ˈpɑləsi ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən ˌɪnˈhɛrənt ɪn lɔ. iii*. ðə əˈpɑkəˌlɪps ɔl ˈməzlɪmz ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðət gɑd ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli wən hu noʊz ðə fˈjuʧər. bət ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ əˈgri ðət hi həz ˈɔfərd ˈjuˈɛs ə pik æt ɪt, ɪn ðə kɔˈrɑn ənd ɪn əv ðə ˈprɑfət. ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈdɪfərz frəm ˈnɪrli ˈɛvəri ˈəðər ˈkɑrənt ʤiˈhɑˌdɪst ˈmuvmənt ɪn bɪˈlivɪŋ ðət ɪt ɪz ˈrɪtən ˈɪntu skrɪpt ɛz ə ˈsɛntrəl ˈkɛrɪktər. ɪt ɪz ɪn ðɪs ˈkæstɪŋ ðət ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ɪz moʊst ˈboʊldli dɪˈstɪŋktɪv frəm ɪts ˈprɛdəˌsɛsərz, ənd ˈklɪrɪst ɪn ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈneɪʧər əv ɪts ˈmɪʃən. ɪn brɔd stroʊks, ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ ækts laɪk ən ˈəndərˌgraʊnd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈmuvmənt, wɪθ ˈwərldli goʊlz ɪn saɪt æt ɔl ɪkˈspəlʃən əv frəm ðə əˈreɪbiən pəˈnɪnsələ, ðə əv ðə steɪt əv ˈɪzriəl, ðə ɛnd əv səˈpɔrt fər dɪkˈteɪtərˌʃɪps ɪn ˈməzlɪm lændz. ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt həz ɪts ʃɛr əv ˈwərldli kənˈsərnz (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ, ɪn ðə ˈpleɪsɪz ɪt kənˈtroʊlz, kəˈlɛktɪŋ ˈgɑrbɪʤ ənd ˈkipɪŋ ðə ˈwɔtər ˈrənɪŋ), bət ðə ɛnd əv deɪz ɪz ə ˈlaɪtmoʊˌtif əv ɪts ˌprɑpəˈgændə. bɪn ˈleɪdən ˈrɛrli ˈmɛnʃənd ðə əˈpɑkəˌlɪps, ənd wɪn hi dɪd, hi simd tɪ prɪˈzum ðət hi wʊd bi lɔŋ dɛd wɪn ðə ˈglɔriəs ˈmoʊmənt əv dɪˈvaɪn ˌkəˈməpəns ˈfaɪnəli əraɪvd. ˈleɪdən ənd ər frəm ɪˈlit ˈsuni ˈfæməliz hu lʊk daʊn ɔn ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən ənd θɪŋk ˈsəmθɪŋ ðə ˈmæsɪz ɪnˈgeɪʤ in,”*,” sɪz wɪl məˈkænts əv ðə ˈbrʊkɪŋz ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən, hu ɪz ˈraɪtɪŋ ə bʊk əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk əˌpɑkəˈlɪptɪk θɔt. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst jɪrz əv ðə juz. ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən əv ˌɪˈrɑk, ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈfaʊndɪŋ ˈfɑðərz, baɪ ˈkɑntræst, sɔ saɪnz əv ðə ɛnd taɪmz ˈɛvriˌwɛr. ðeɪ wər ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ, wɪˈθɪn ə jɪr, ðə ərˈaɪvəl əv ðə ˌmɛsiˈænɪk ˈfɪgjər ˈdɛstɪnd tɪ lɛd ðə ˈməzlɪmz tɪ ˈvɪktəri ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɛnd əv ðə wərld. məˈkænts sɪz ə ˈprɑmənənt ˈɪsləmɪst ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk əˈproʊʧt bɪn ˈleɪdən ɪn 2008 tɪ wɔrn ɪm ðət ðə grup wɑz biɪŋ lɛd baɪ hu wər ɔl ðə taɪm əˈbaʊt ðə ˈmɑdi ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ strəˈtiʤɪk decisions”*” beɪst ɔn wɪn ðeɪ θɔt ðə ˈmɑdi wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ əraɪv. hæd tɪ raɪt tɪ [ðiz ˈlidərz] tɪ seɪ ɪt out.’*.’ fər ˈsərtən tru kaɪnd hu lɔŋ fər ˈɛpɪk əv əˌpɑkəˈlɪptɪk fʊlˈfɪl ə dip ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl nid. əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt səˈpɔrtərz aɪ mɛt, mˈjusə, ðə ɔˈstreɪljən, ɪkˈsprɛst ðə ˈdipəst ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðə əˈpɑkəˌlɪps ənd haʊ ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ deɪz əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ðə lʊk. pɑrts əv ðət priˈdɪkʃən ər ərˈɪʤənəl tɪ ɪm, ənd du nɑt jɛt hæv ðə ˈstætəs əv ˈdɔktərɪn. bət ˈəðər pɑrts ər beɪst ɔn ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈsuni ˈsɔrsəz ənd əˈpɪr ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˌprɑpəˈgændə. ðiz ˌɪnˈklud ðə bɪˈlif ðət ðɛr wɪl bi ˈoʊnli 12 ləˈʤɪtəmət, ənd ɪz ðə eɪθ; ðət ðə ˈɑrmiz əv roʊm wɪl mæs tɪ mit ðə ˈɑrmiz əv ˌɪsˈlɑm ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈsɪriə; ənd ðət ˈfaɪnəl ˈʃoʊˌdaʊn wɪθ ən wɪl əˈkər ɪn ʤərˈusələm ˈæftər ə ˈpɪriəd əv rɪˈnud ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈkɑŋkwɛst. ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt həz əˈtæʧt greɪt ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns tɪ ðə ˈsɪriən ˈsɪti əv, nɪr aleppo*. ɪt neɪmd ɪts ˌprɑpəˈgændə ˈmægəˌzin ˈæftər ðə taʊn, ənd ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd ˈmædli wɪn (æt greɪt kɔst) ɪt ˈkɑŋkərd strəˈtiʤɪkli ənɪmˈpɔrtənt pleɪnz. ɪt ɪz hir, ðə ˈprɑfət rɪˈpɔrtədli sɛd, ðət ðə ˈɑrmiz əv roʊm wɪl sɛt əp ðɛr kæmp. ðə ˈɑrmiz əv ˌɪsˈlɑm wɪl mit ðɛm, ənd wɪl bi ˈwɔtərˌlu ər ɪts ˌænˈtitəm. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔri ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt əv ˌɪˈrɑk ənd ˈsɪriə həz ə kənˈsumər prəˈtɛkʃən ˈɔfəs ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli ɔl farmland,”*,” wən ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt səˈpɔrtər ˈrisəntli. kʊd ˌɪˈmæʤən lɑrʤ ˈbætəlz ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs there.”*.” ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˌprɑpəˈgændəsts drul wɪθ ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən əv ðɪs ɪˈvɛnt, ənd ˈkɑnstəntli ˌɪmˈplaɪ ðət ɪt wɪl kəm sun. ðə ˈmægəˌzin kwoʊts ɛz seɪɪŋ, spɑrk həz bɪn lɪt hir ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk, ənd ɪts hit wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪ ənˈtɪl ɪt bərnz ðə kruˈseɪdər ˈɑrmiz ɪn dabiq.”*.” ə ˈrisənt ˌprɑpəˈgændə ˈvɪdioʊ ʃoʊz klɪps frəm ˈhɑliˌwʊd wɔr ˈmuviz sɛt ɪn mɪˈdjivəl bɪˈkəz ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈprɑfəsiz ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ðət ðə ˈɑrmiz wɪl bi ɔn ˈhɔrsˌbæk ər ˈkɛriɪŋ ˈeɪnʧənt ˈwɛpənz. naʊ ðət ɪt həz ˈteɪkən, ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt əˈweɪts ðə ərˈaɪvəl əv ən ˈɛnəmi ˈɑrmi ðɛr, huz dɪˈfit wɪl ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪt ðə ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn tɪ ðə əˈpɑkəˌlɪps. ˈwɛstərn ˈmidiə ˈfrikwɛntli mɪs ˈrɛfərənsɪz tɪ ɪn ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈvɪdioʊz, ənd ˈfoʊkɪs ˌɪnˈstɛd ɔn ˈlʊrəd sinz əv bɪˈhɛdɪŋ. wi ər, ˈbɛriɪŋ ðə fərst əˈmɛrɪkən kruˈseɪdər ɪn, ˈigərli ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv jʊr ˈɑrmiz tɪ arrive,”*,” sɛd ə mæskt ˌɛksəˈkjuʃənər ɪn ə noʊˈvɛmbər ˈvɪdioʊ, ʃoʊɪŋ ðə ˈsɛvərd hɛd əv ˈpitər (æbˈdul ˈrɑmən) kassig*, ðə eɪd ˈwərkər bɪn hɛld ˈkæptɪv fər mɔr ðən ə jɪr. ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər, ˈæftər ˌmuʤəhɛˈdin (pərˈhæps ˌɪˈnækjərətli) ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈhævɪŋ sin əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsoʊlʤərz ɪn ˈbætəl, ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnts ˌɪˈrəptɪd ɪn ˈspæzəmz əv ˈplɛʒər, laɪk hoʊsts ər ˈhoʊstəsɪz əˈpɑn ðə ərˈaɪvəl əv ðə fərst gɛsts æt ə ˈpɑrti. ðə prəˈfɛtɪk nɛˈreɪʃən ðət ðə ˈbætəl rɪˈfərz tɪ ðə ˈɛnəmi ɛz roʊm. hu ““rome”*” ɪz, naʊ ðət ðə poʊp həz noʊ ˈɑrmi, rɪˈmeɪnz ə ˈmætər əv dəˈbeɪt. bət meɪks ə keɪs ðət roʊm mɛnt ðə ˈistərn ˈroʊmən ˈɛmpaɪər, wɪʧ hæd ɪts ˈkæpɪtəl ɪn wət ɪz naʊ ˌɪstɑnˈbul. wi ʃʊd θɪŋk əv roʊm ɛz ðə riˈpəblɪk əv seɪm riˈpəblɪk ðət ˈɛndɪd ðə læst, 90 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ˈəðər ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈsɔrsəz səˈʤɛst ðət roʊm maɪt min ˈɛni ˈɪnfɪˌdɛl ˈɑrmi, ənd ðə əˈmɛrɪkənz wɪl du ˈnaɪsli. ˈæftər ˌmuʤəhɛˈdin ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈhævɪŋ sin əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsoʊlʤərz ɪn ˈbætəl, ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnts ˌɪˈrəptɪd ɪn ˈspæzəmz əv ˈplɛʒər, laɪk hoʊsts əˈpɑn ðə ərˈaɪvəl əv ðə fərst gɛsts æt ə ˈpɑrti. ˈæftər ɪts ˈbætəl ɪn, sɛd, ðə wɪl ɪkˈspænd ənd sæk ˌɪstɑnˈbul. səm bɪˈliv ɪt wɪl ðɛn ˈkəvər ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ərθ, bət səˈʤɛstɪd ɪts taɪd meɪ ˈnɛvər riʧ bɪɔnd ðə bosporus*. ən, noʊn ɪn ˈməzlɪm əˌpɑkəˈlɪptɪk ˈlɪtərəʧər ɛz, wɪl kəm frəm ðə ˈriʤən əv ˈistərn ˌɪˈrɑn ənd kɪl ə væst ˈnəmbər əv ðə ˈfaɪtərz, ənˈtɪl ʤɪst rɪˈmeɪn, ˈkɔrnərd ɪn ʤərˈusələm. ʤɪst ɛz pərˈpɛrz tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ ðɛm ɔf, ˈprɑfət ɪn rɪˈtərn tɪ ərθ, spɪr, ənd lɛd ðə ˈməzlɪmz tɪ ˈvɪktəri.
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the islamic state is no mere collection of psychopaths. it is a religious group with carefully considered beliefs, among them that it is a key agent of the coming apocalypse. here’s what that means for its strategy—and for how to stop it.
what is the islamic state? where did it come from, and what are its intentions? the simplicity of these questions can be deceiving, and few western leaders seem to know the answers. in december, the new york times published confidential comments by major general michael k. nagata, the special operations commander for the united states in the middle east, admitting that he had hardly begun figuring out the islamic state’s appeal. “we have not defeated the idea,” he said. “we do not even understand the idea.” in the past year, president obama has referred to the islamic state, variously, as “not islamic” and as al-qaeda’s “jayvee team,” statements that reflected confusion about the group, and may have contributed to significant strategic errors. related story what to do about isis? the group seized mosul, iraq, last june, and already rules an area larger than the united kingdom. abu bakr al-baghdadi has been its leader since may 2010, but until last summer, his most recent known appearance on film was a grainy mug shot from a stay in u.s. captivity at camp bucca during the occupation of iraq. then, on july 5 of last year, he stepped into the pulpit of the great mosque of al-nuri in mosul, to deliver a ramadan sermon as the first caliph in generations—upgrading his resolution from grainy to high-definition, and his position from hunted guerrilla to commander of all muslims. the inflow of jihadists that followed, from around the world, was unprecedented in its pace and volume, and is continuing. our ignorance of the islamic state is in some ways understandable: it is a hermit kingdom; few have gone there and returned. baghdadi has spoken on camera only once. but his address, and the islamic state’s countless other propaganda videos and encyclicals, are online, and the caliphate’s supporters have toiled mightily to make their project knowable. we can gather that their state rejects peace as a matter of principle; that it hungers for genocide; that its religious views make it constitutionally incapable of certain types of change, even if that change might ensure its survival; and that it considers itself a harbinger of—and headline player in—the imminent end of the world.
the islamic state, also known as the islamic state of iraq and al-sham (isis), follows a distinctive variety of islam whose beliefs about the path to the day of judgment matter to its strategy, and can help the west know its enemy and predict its behavior. its rise to power is less like the triumph of the muslim brotherhood in egypt (a group whose leaders the islamic state considers apostates) than like the realization of a dystopian alternate reality in which david koresh or jim jones survived to wield absolute power over not just a few hundred people, but some 8 million. a year-by-year catalogue of some of the magazine's most momentous work.
read more we have misunderstood the nature of the islamic state in at least two ways. first, we tend to see jihadism as monolithic, and to apply the logic of al-qaeda to an organization that has decisively eclipsed it. the islamic state supporters i spoke with still refer to osama bin laden as “sheikh osama,” a title of honor. but jihadism has evolved since al-qaeda’s heyday, from about 1998 to 2003, and many jihadists disdain the group’s priorities and current leadership. bin laden viewed his terrorism as a prologue to a caliphate he did not expect to see in his lifetime. his organization was flexible, operating as a geographically diffuse network of autonomous cells. the islamic state, by contrast, requires territory to remain legitimate, and a top-down structure to rule it. (its bureaucracy is divided into civil and military arms, and its territory into provinces.) related story the roots of the islamic state’s appeal we are misled in a second way, by a well-intentioned but dishonest campaign to deny the islamic state’s medieval religious nature. peter bergen, who produced the first interview with bin laden in 1997, titled his first book holy war, inc. in part to acknowledge bin laden as a creature of the modern secular world. bin laden corporatized terror and franchised it out. he requested specific political concessions, such as the withdrawal of u.s. forces from saudi arabia. his foot soldiers navigated the modern world confidently. on mohamed atta’s last full day of life, he shopped at walmart and ate dinner at pizza hut.
there is a temptation to rehearse this observation—that jihadists are modern secular people, with modern political concerns, wearing medieval religious disguise—and make it fit the islamic state. in fact, much of what the group does looks nonsensical except in light of a sincere, carefully considered commitment to returning civilization to a seventh-century legal environment, and ultimately to bringing about the apocalypse.
the most-articulate spokesmen for that position are the islamic state’s officials and supporters themselves. they refer derisively to “moderns.” in conversation, they insist that they will not—cannot—waver from governing precepts that were embedded in islam by the prophet muhammad and his earliest followers. they often speak in codes and allusions that sound odd or old-fashioned to non-muslims, but refer to specific traditions and texts of early islam. to take one example: in september, sheikh abu muhammad al-adnani, the islamic state’s chief spokesman, called on muslims in western countries such as france and canada to find an infidel and “smash his head with a rock,” poison him, run him over with a car, or “destroy his crops.” to western ears, the biblical-sounding punishments—the stoning and crop destruction—juxtaposed strangely with his more modern-sounding call to vehicular homicide. (as if to show that he could terrorize by imagery alone, adnani also referred to secretary of state john kerry as an “uncircumcised geezer.”) but adnani was not merely talking trash. his speech was laced with theological and legal discussion, and his exhortation to attack crops directly echoed orders from muhammad to leave well water and crops alone—unless the armies of islam were in a defensive position, in which case muslims in the lands of kuffar, or infidels, should be unmerciful, and poison away.
the reality is that the islamic state is islamic. very islamic. yes, it has attracted psychopaths and adventure seekers, drawn largely from the disaffected populations of the middle east and europe. but the religion preached by its most ardent followers derives from coherent and even learned interpretations of islam. related story could isis exist without islam? virtually every major decision and law promulgated by the islamic state adheres to what it calls, in its press and pronouncements, and on its billboards, license plates, stationery, and coins, “the prophetic methodology,” which means following the prophecy and example of muhammad, in punctilious detail. muslims can reject the islamic state; nearly all do. but pretending that it isn’t actually a religious, millenarian group, with theology that must be understood to be combatted, has already led the united states to underestimate it and back foolish schemes to counter it. we’ll need to get acquainted with the islamic state’s intellectual genealogy if we are to react in a way that will not strengthen it, but instead help it self-immolate in its own excessive zeal.
i. devotion in november, the islamic state released an infomercial-like video tracing its origins to bin laden. it acknowledged abu musa’b al zarqawi, the brutal head of al‑qaeda in iraq from roughly 2003 until his killing in 2006, as a more immediate progenitor, followed sequentially by two other guerrilla leaders before baghdadi, the caliph. notably unmentioned: bin laden’s successor, ayman al zawahiri, the owlish egyptian eye surgeon who currently heads al‑qaeda. zawahiri has not pledged allegiance to baghdadi, and he is increasingly hated by his fellow jihadists. his isolation is not helped by his lack of charisma; in videos he comes across as squinty and annoyed. but the split between al-qaeda and the islamic state has been long in the making, and begins to explain, at least in part, the outsize bloodlust of the latter.
zawahiri’s companion in isolation is a jordanian cleric named abu muhammad al maqdisi, 55, who has a fair claim to being al-qaeda’s intellectual architect and the most important jihadist unknown to the average american newspaper reader. on most matters of doctrine, maqdisi and the islamic state agree. both are closely identified with the jihadist wing of a branch of sunnism called salafism, after the arabic al salaf al salih, the “pious forefathers.” these forefathers are the prophet himself and his earliest adherents, whom salafis honor and emulate as the models for all behavior, including warfare, couture, family life, even dentistry. the islamic state awaits the army of “rome,” whose defeat at dabiq, syria, will initiate the countdown to the apocalypse. maqdisi taught zarqawi, who went to war in iraq with the older man’s advice in mind. in time, though, zarqawi surpassed his mentor in fanaticism, and eventually earned his rebuke. at issue was zarqawi’s penchant for bloody spectacle—and, as a matter of doctrine, his hatred of other muslims, to the point of excommunicating and killing them. in islam, the practice of takfir, or excommunication, is theologically perilous. “if a man says to his brother, ‘you are an infidel,’ ” the prophet said, “then one of them is right.” if the accuser is wrong, he himself has committed apostasy by making a false accusation. the punishment for apostasy is death. and yet zarqawi heedlessly expanded the range of behavior that could make muslims infidels.
maqdisi wrote to his former pupil that he needed to exercise caution and “not issue sweeping proclamations of takfir” or “proclaim people to be apostates because of their sins.” the distinction between apostate and sinner may appear subtle, but it is a key point of contention between al-qaeda and the islamic state. related story what motivates terrorists? denying the holiness of the koran or the prophecies of muhammad is straightforward apostasy. but zarqawi and the state he spawned take the position that many other acts can remove a muslim from islam. these include, in certain cases, selling alcohol or drugs, wearing western clothes or shaving one’s beard, voting in an election—even for a muslim candidate—and being lax about calling other people apostates. being a shiite, as most iraqi arabs are, meets the standard as well, because the islamic state regards shiism as innovation, and to innovate on the koran is to deny its initial perfection. (the islamic state claims that common shiite practices, such as worship at the graves of imams and public self-flagellation, have no basis in the koran or in the example of the prophet.) that means roughly 200 million shia are marked for death. so too are the heads of state of every muslim country, who have elevated man-made law above sharia by running for office or enforcing laws not made by god.
following takfiri doctrine, the islamic state is committed to purifying the world by killing vast numbers of people. the lack of objective reporting from its territory makes the true extent of the slaughter unknowable, but social-media posts from the region suggest that individual executions happen more or less continually, and mass executions every few weeks. muslim “apostates” are the most common victims. exempted from automatic execution, it appears, are christians who do not resist their new government. baghdadi permits them to live, as long as they pay a special tax, known as the jizya, and acknowledge their subjugation. the koranic authority for this practice is not in dispute.
centuries have passed since the wars of religion ceased in europe, and since men stopped dying in large numbers because of arcane theological disputes. hence, perhaps, the incredulity and denial with which westerners have greeted news of the theology and practices of the islamic state. many refuse to believe that this group is as devout as it claims to be, or as backward-looking or apocalyptic as its actions and statements suggest.
their skepticism is comprehensible. in the past, westerners who accused muslims of blindly following ancient scriptures came to deserved grief from academics—notably the late edward said—who pointed out that calling muslims “ancient” was usually just another way to denigrate them. look instead, these scholars urged, to the conditions in which these ideologies arose—the bad governance, the shifting social mores, the humiliation of living in lands valued only for their oil. without acknowledgment of these factors, no explanation of the rise of the islamic state could be complete. but focusing on them to the exclusion of ideology reflects another kind of western bias: that if religious ideology doesn’t matter much in washington or berlin, surely it must be equally irrelevant in raqqa or mosul. when a masked executioner says allahu akbar while beheading an apostate, sometimes he’s doing so for religious reasons. related story the phony islam of isis many mainstream muslim organizations have gone so far as to say the islamic state is, in fact, un-islamic. it is, of course, reassuring to know that the vast majority of muslims have zero interest in replacing hollywood movies with public executions as evening entertainment. but muslims who call the islamic state un-islamic are typically, as the princeton scholar bernard haykel, the leading expert on the group’s theology, told me, “embarrassed and politically correct, with a cotton-candy view of their own religion” that neglects “what their religion has historically and legally required.” many denials of the islamic state’s religious nature, he said, are rooted in an “interfaith-christian-nonsense tradition.”
every academic i asked about the islamic state’s ideology sent me to haykel. of partial lebanese descent, haykel grew up in lebanon and the united states, and when he talks through his mephistophelian goatee, there is a hint of an unplaceable foreign accent. according to haykel, the ranks of the islamic state are deeply infused with religious vigor. koranic quotations are ubiquitous. “even the foot soldiers spout this stuff constantly,” haykel said. “they mug for their cameras and repeat their basic doctrines in formulaic fashion, and they do it all the time.” he regards the claim that the islamic state has distorted the texts of islam as preposterous, sustainable only through willful ignorance. “people want to absolve islam,” he said. “it’s this ‘islam is a religion of peace’ mantra. as if there is such a thing as ‘islam’! it’s what muslims do, and how they interpret their texts.” those texts are shared by all sunni muslims, not just the islamic state. “and these guys have just as much legitimacy as anyone else.” all muslims acknowledge that muhammad’s earliest conquests were not tidy affairs, and that the laws of war passed down in the koran and in the narrations of the prophet’s rule were calibrated to fit a turbulent and violent time. in haykel’s estimation, the fighters of the islamic state are authentic throwbacks to early islam and are faithfully reproducing its norms of war. this behavior includes a number of practices that modern muslims tend to prefer not to acknowledge as integral to their sacred texts. “slavery, crucifixion, and beheadings are not something that freakish [jihadists] are cherry-picking from the medieval tradition,” haykel said. islamic state fighters “are smack in the middle of the medieval tradition and are bringing it wholesale into the present day.” our failure to appreciate the essential differences between isis and al-qaeda has led to dangerous decisions. the koran specifies crucifixion as one of the only punishments permitted for enemies of islam. the tax on christians finds clear endorsement in the surah al-tawba, the koran’s ninth chapter, which instructs muslims to fight christians and jews “until they pay the jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.” the prophet, whom all muslims consider exemplary, imposed these rules and owned slaves.
leaders of the islamic state have taken emulation of muhammad as strict duty, and have revived traditions that have been dormant for hundreds of years. “what’s striking about them is not just the literalism, but also the seriousness with which they read these texts,” haykel said. “there is an assiduous, obsessive seriousness that muslims normally have.” before the rise of the islamic state, no group in the past few centuries had attempted more-radical fidelity to the prophetic model than the wahhabis of 18th‑century arabia. they conquered most of what is now saudi arabia, and their strict practices survive in a diluted version of sharia there. haykel sees an important distinction between the groups, though: “the wahhabis were not wanton in their violence.” they were surrounded by muslims, and they conquered lands that were already islamic; this stayed their hand. “isis, by contrast, is really reliving the early period.” early muslims were surrounded by non-muslims, and the islamic state, because of its takfiri tendencies, considers itself to be in the same situation. related story the zoolander theory of terrorism if al-qaeda wanted to revive slavery, it never said so. and why would it? silence on slavery probably reflected strategic thinking, with public sympathies in mind: when the islamic state began enslaving people, even some of its supporters balked. nonetheless, the caliphate has continued to embrace slavery and crucifixion without apology. “we will conquer your rome, break your crosses, and enslave your women,” adnani, the spokesman, promised in one of his periodic valentines to the west. “if we do not reach that time, then our children and grandchildren will reach it, and they will sell your sons as slaves at the slave market.”
in october, dabiq, the magazine of the islamic state, published “the revival of slavery before the hour,” an article that took up the question of whether yazidis (the members of an ancient kurdish sect that borrows elements of islam, and had come under attack from islamic state forces in northern iraq) are lapsed muslims, and therefore marked for death, or merely pagans and therefore fair game for enslavement. a study group of islamic state scholars had convened, on government orders, to resolve this issue. if they are pagans, the article’s anonymous author wrote, yazidi women and children [are to be] divided according to the shariah amongst the fighters of the islamic state who participated in the sinjar operations [in northern iraq] … enslaving the families of the kuffar [infidels] and taking their women as concubines is a firmly established aspect of the shariah that if one were to deny or mock, he would be denying or mocking the verses of the koran and the narrations of the prophet … and thereby apostatizing from islam. ii. territory tens of thousands of foreign muslims are thought to have immigrated to the islamic state. recruits hail from france, the united kingdom, belgium, germany, holland, australia, indonesia, the united states, and many other places. many have come to fight, and many intend to die. peter r. neumann, a professor at king’s college london, told me that online voices have been essential to spreading propaganda and ensuring that newcomers know what to believe. online recruitment has also widened the demographics of the jihadist community, by allowing conservative muslim women—physically isolated in their homes—to reach out to recruiters, radicalize, and arrange passage to syria. through its appeals to both genders, the islamic state hopes to build a complete society.
in november, i traveled to australia to meet musa cerantonio, a 30-year-old man whom neumann and other researchers had identified as one of the two most important “new spiritual authorities” guiding foreigners to join the islamic state. for three years he was a televangelist on iqraa tv in cairo, but he left after the station objected to his frequent calls to establish a caliphate. now he preaches on facebook and twitter. related story pilgrims to the islamic state cerantonio—a big, friendly man with a bookish demeanor—told me he blanches at beheading videos. he hates seeing the violence, even though supporters of the islamic state are required to endorse it. (he speaks out, controversially among jihadists, against suicide bombing, on the grounds that god forbids suicide; he differs from the islamic state on a few other points as well.) he has the kind of unkempt facial hair one sees on certain overgrown fans of the lord of the rings, and his obsession with islamic apocalypticism felt familiar. he seemed to be living out a drama that looks, from an outsider’s perspective, like a medieval fantasy novel, only with real blood. last june, cerantonio and his wife tried to emigrate—he wouldn’t say to where (“it’s illegal to go to syria,” he said cagily)—but they were caught en route, in the philippines, and he was deported back to australia for overstaying his visa. australia has criminalized attempts to join or travel to the islamic state, and has confiscated cerantonio’s passport. he is stuck in melbourne, where he is well known to the local constabulary. if cerantonio were caught facilitating the movement of individuals to the islamic state, he would be imprisoned. so far, though, he is free—a technically unaffiliated ideologue who nonetheless speaks with what other jihadists have taken to be a reliable voice on matters of the islamic state’s doctrine.
we met for lunch in footscray, a dense, multicultural melbourne suburb that’s home to lonely planet, the travel-guide publisher. cerantonio grew up there in a half-irish, half-calabrian family. on a typical street one can find african restaurants, vietnamese shops, and young arabs walking around in the salafi uniform of scraggly beard, long shirt, and trousers ending halfway down the calves. cerantonio explained the joy he felt when baghdadi was declared the caliph on june 29—and the sudden, magnetic attraction that mesopotamia began to exert on him and his friends. “i was in a hotel [in the philippines], and i saw the declaration on television,” he told me. “and i was just amazed, and i’m like, why am i stuck here in this bloody room?” the last caliphate was the ottoman empire, which reached its peak in the 16th century and then experienced a long decline, until the founder of the republic of turkey, mustafa kemal atatürk, euthanized it in 1924. but cerantonio, like many supporters of the islamic state, doesn’t acknowledge that caliphate as legitimate, because it didn’t fully enforce islamic law, which requires stonings and slavery and amputations, and because its caliphs were not descended from the tribe of the prophet, the quraysh. baghdadi spoke at length of the importance of the caliphate in his mosul sermon. he said that to revive the institution of the caliphate—which had not functioned except in name for about 1,000 years—was a communal obligation. he and his loyalists had “hastened to declare the caliphate and place an imam” at its head, he said. “this is a duty upon the muslims—a duty that has been lost for centuries … the muslims sin by losing it, and they must always seek to establish it.” like bin laden before him, baghdadi spoke floridly, with frequent scriptural allusion and command of classical rhetoric. unlike bin laden, and unlike those false caliphs of the ottoman empire, he is qurayshi.
the caliphate, cerantonio told me, is not just a political entity but also a vehicle for salvation. islamic state propaganda regularly reports the pledges of baya’a (allegiance) rolling in from jihadist groups across the muslim world. cerantonio quoted a prophetic saying, that to die without pledging allegiance is to die jahil (ignorant) and therefore die a “death of disbelief.” consider how muslims (or, for that matter, christians) imagine god deals with the souls of people who die without learning about the one true religion. they are neither obviously saved nor definitively condemned. similarly, cerantonio said, the muslim who acknowledges one omnipotent god and prays, but who dies without pledging himself to a valid caliph and incurring the obligations of that oath, has failed to live a fully islamic life. i pointed out that this means the vast majority of muslims in history, and all who passed away between 1924 and 2014, died a death of disbelief. cerantonio nodded gravely. “i would go so far as to say that islam has been reestablished” by the caliphate. related story isis and the foreign-fighter phenomenon i asked him about his own baya’a, and he quickly corrected me: “i didn’t say that i’d pledged allegiance.” under australian law, he reminded me, giving baya’a to the islamic state was illegal. “but i agree that [baghdadi] fulfills the requirements,” he continued. “i’m just going to wink at you, and you take that to mean whatever you want.”
to be the caliph, one must meet conditions outlined in sunni law—being a muslim adult man of quraysh descent; exhibiting moral probity and physical and mental integrity; and having ’amr, or authority. this last criterion, cerantonio said, is the hardest to fulfill, and requires that the caliph have territory in which he can enforce islamic law. baghdadi’s islamic state achieved that long before june 29, cerantonio said, and as soon as it did, a western convert within the group’s ranks—cerantonio described him as “something of a leader”—began murmuring about the religious obligation to declare a caliphate. he and others spoke quietly to those in power and told them that further delay would be sinful. social-media posts from the islamic state suggest that executions happen more or less continually. cerantonio said a faction arose that was prepared to make war on baghdadi’s group if it delayed any further. they prepared a letter to various powerful members of isis, airing their displeasure at the failure to appoint a caliph, but were pacified by adnani, the spokesman, who let them in on a secret—that a caliphate had already been declared, long before the public announcement. they had their legitimate caliph, and at that point there was only one option. “if he’s legitimate,” cerantonio said, “you must give him the baya’a.” related story how isis territory has changed since the u.s. bombing campaign began after baghdadi’s july sermon, a stream of jihadists began flowing daily into syria with renewed motivation. jürgen todenhöfer, a german author and former politician who visited the islamic state in december, reported the arrival of 100 fighters at one turkish-border recruitment station in just two days. his report, among others, suggests a still-steady inflow of foreigners, ready to give up everything at home for a shot at paradise in the worst place on earth.
in london, a week before my meal with cerantonio, i met with three ex-members of a banned islamist group called al muhajiroun (the emigrants): anjem choudary, abu baraa, and abdul muhid. they all expressed desire to emigrate to the islamic state, as many of their colleagues already had, but the authorities had confiscated their passports. like cerantonio, they regarded the caliphate as the only righteous government on earth, though none would confess having pledged allegiance. their principal goal in meeting me was to explain what the islamic state stands for, and how its policies reflect god’s law.
choudary, 48, is the group’s former leader. he frequently appears on cable news, as one of the few people producers can book who will defend the islamic state vociferously, until his mike is cut. he has a reputation in the united kingdom as a loathsome blowhard, but he and his disciples sincerely believe in the islamic state and, on matters of doctrine, speak in its voice. choudary and the others feature prominently in the twitter feeds of islamic state residents, and abu baraa maintains a youtube channel to answer questions about sharia. since september, authorities have been investigating the three men on suspicion of supporting terrorism. because of this investigation, they had to meet me separately: communication among them would have violated the terms of their bail. but speaking with them felt like speaking with the same person wearing different masks. choudary met me in a candy shop in the east london suburb of ilford. he was dressed smartly, in a crisp blue tunic reaching nearly to his ankles, and sipped a red bull while we talked. before the caliphate, “maybe 85 percent of the sharia was absent from our lives,” choudary told me. “these laws are in abeyance until we have khilafa”—a caliphate—“and now we have one.” without a caliphate, for example, individual vigilantes are not obliged to amputate the hands of thieves they catch in the act. but create a caliphate, and this law, along with a huge body of other jurisprudence, suddenly awakens. in theory, all muslims are obliged to immigrate to the territory where the caliph is applying these laws. one of choudary’s prize students, a convert from hinduism named abu rumaysah, evaded police to bring his family of five from london to syria in november. on the day i met choudary, abu rumaysah tweeted out a picture of himself with a kalashnikov in one arm and his newborn son in the other. hashtag: #generationkhilafah.
the caliph is required to implement sharia. any deviation will compel those who have pledged allegiance to inform the caliph in private of his error and, in extreme cases, to excommunicate and replace him if he persists. (“i have been plagued with this great matter, plagued with this responsibility, and it is a heavy responsibility,” baghdadi said in his sermon.) in return, the caliph commands obedience—and those who persist in supporting non-muslim governments, after being duly warned and educated about their sin, are considered apostates. related story how isis got its flag choudary said sharia has been misunderstood because of its incomplete application by regimes such as saudi arabia, which does behead murderers and cut off thieves’ hands. “the problem,” he explained, “is that when places like saudi arabia just implement the penal code, and provide the social and economic justice of the sharia—the whole package—they simply engender hatred toward the sharia.” that whole package, he said, would include free housing, food, and clothing for all, though of course anyone who wished to enrich himself with work could do so. abdul muhid, 32, continued along these lines. he was dressed in mujahideen chic when i met him at a local restaurant: scruffy beard, afghan cap, and a wallet outside of his clothes, attached with what looked like a shoulder holster. when we sat down, he was eager to discuss welfare. the islamic state may have medieval-style punishments for moral crimes (lashes for boozing or fornication, stoning for adultery), but its social-welfare program is, at least in some aspects, progressive to a degree that would please an msnbc pundit. health care, he said, is free. (“isn’t it free in britain, too?,” i asked. “not really,” he said. “some procedures aren’t covered, such as vision.”) this provision of social welfare was not, he said, a policy choice of the islamic state, but a policy obligation inherent in god’s law.
iii. the apocalypse all muslims acknowledge that god is the only one who knows the future. but they also agree that he has offered us a peek at it, in the koran and in narrations of the prophet. the islamic state differs from nearly every other current jihadist movement in believing that it is written into god’s script as a central character. it is in this casting that the islamic state is most boldly distinctive from its predecessors, and clearest in the religious nature of its mission.
in broad strokes, al-qaeda acts like an underground political movement, with worldly goals in sight at all times—the expulsion of non-muslims from the arabian peninsula, the abolishment of the state of israel, the end of support for dictatorships in muslim lands. the islamic state has its share of worldly concerns (including, in the places it controls, collecting garbage and keeping the water running), but the end of days is a leitmotif of its propaganda. bin laden rarely mentioned the apocalypse, and when he did, he seemed to presume that he would be long dead when the glorious moment of divine comeuppance finally arrived. “bin laden and zawahiri are from elite sunni families who look down on this kind of speculation and think it’s something the masses engage in,” says will mccants of the brookings institution, who is writing a book about the islamic state’s apocalyptic thought. during the last years of the u.s. occupation of iraq, the islamic state’s immediate founding fathers, by contrast, saw signs of the end times everywhere. they were anticipating, within a year, the arrival of the mahdi—a messianic figure destined to lead the muslims to victory before the end of the world. mccants says a prominent islamist in iraq approached bin laden in 2008 to warn him that the group was being led by millenarians who were “talking all the time about the mahdi and making strategic decisions” based on when they thought the mahdi was going to arrive. “al-qaeda had to write to [these leaders] to say ‘cut it out.’ ”
for certain true believers—the kind who long for epic good-versus-evil battles—visions of apocalyptic bloodbaths fulfill a deep psychological need. of the islamic state supporters i met, musa cerantonio, the australian, expressed the deepest interest in the apocalypse and how the remaining days of the islamic state—and the world—might look. parts of that prediction are original to him, and do not yet have the status of doctrine. but other parts are based on mainstream sunni sources and appear all over the islamic state’s propaganda. these include the belief that there will be only 12 legitimate caliphs, and baghdadi is the eighth; that the armies of rome will mass to meet the armies of islam in northern syria; and that islam’s final showdown with an anti-messiah will occur in jerusalem after a period of renewed islamic conquest. the islamic state has attached great importance to the syrian city of dabiq, near aleppo. it named its propaganda magazine after the town, and celebrated madly when (at great cost) it conquered dabiq’s strategically unimportant plains. it is here, the prophet reportedly said, that the armies of rome will set up their camp. the armies of islam will meet them, and dabiq will be rome’s waterloo or its antietam. related story the islamic state of iraq and syria has a consumer protection office “dabiq is basically all farmland,” one islamic state supporter recently tweeted. “you could imagine large battles taking place there.” the islamic state’s propagandists drool with anticipation of this event, and constantly imply that it will come soon. the state’s magazine quotes zarqawi as saying, “the spark has been lit here in iraq, and its heat will continue to intensify … until it burns the crusader armies in dabiq.” a recent propaganda video shows clips from hollywood war movies set in medieval times—perhaps because many of the prophecies specify that the armies will be on horseback or carrying ancient weapons.
now that it has taken dabiq, the islamic state awaits the arrival of an enemy army there, whose defeat will initiate the countdown to the apocalypse. western media frequently miss references to dabiq in the islamic state’s videos, and focus instead on lurid scenes of beheading. “here we are, burying the first american crusader in dabiq, eagerly waiting for the remainder of your armies to arrive,” said a masked executioner in a november video, showing the severed head of peter (abdul rahman) kassig, the aid worker who’d been held captive for more than a year. during fighting in iraq in december, after mujahideen (perhaps inaccurately) reported having seen american soldiers in battle, islamic state twitter accounts erupted in spasms of pleasure, like overenthusiastic hosts or hostesses upon the arrival of the first guests at a party. the prophetic narration that foretells the dabiq battle refers to the enemy as rome. who “rome” is, now that the pope has no army, remains a matter of debate. but cerantonio makes a case that rome meant the eastern roman empire, which had its capital in what is now istanbul. we should think of rome as the republic of turkey—the same republic that ended the last self-identified caliphate, 90 years ago. other islamic state sources suggest that rome might mean any infidel army, and the americans will do nicely. after mujahideen reported having seen american soldiers in battle, islamic state twitter accounts erupted in spasms of pleasure, like overenthusiastic hosts upon the arrival of the first guests at a party. after its battle in dabiq, cerantonio said, the caliphate will expand and sack istanbul. some believe it will then cover the entire earth, but cerantonio suggested its tide may never reach beyond the bosporus. an anti-messiah, known in muslim apocalyptic literature as dajjal, will come from the khorasan region of eastern iran and kill a vast number of the caliphate’s fighters, until just 5,000 remain, cornered in jerusalem. just as dajjal prepares to finish them off, jesus—the second-most-revered prophet in islam—will return to earth, spear dajjal, and lead the muslims to victory.
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ˈspikɪŋ frəm ðə ˈpʊlpɪt æt mægˈnoʊljə spərɪŋz ˈbæptɪst ʧərʧ ɪn ˌæləˈbæmə ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt, rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈsɛnɪt ˈkænədɪt rɔɪ mʊr əˈkjuzd ˈlɪˌbərəlz, geɪz, ˌbaɪˈsɛkʃuəlz, ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈpipəl, ənd ˈsoʊʃəlɪsts əv ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈsɛkʃuəl hərˈæsmənt ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ɪm ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ kip hɪz kənˈsərvətɪv ˈkrɪsʧɪn vjuz aʊt əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. ðə ˌæləˈbæmə rɪˈpəblɪkən həz rɪˈpitɪdli ənd ɛmˈfætɪkəli dɪˈnaɪd ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz ðət hi ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ə ˈsɛkʃuəl ɪnˈkaʊnər wɪθ ə ˈwʊmən wɪn ʃi wɑz 14 ənd hi wɑz 32 ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə əˈkaʊnts əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðər ˈwɪmən hu hæv sɛd mʊr ˌɪnəˈprɑpriətli pərˈsud ðɛm wɪn ðeɪ wər ˈtiˌneɪʤərz. ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz spiʧ ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt, mʊr əˈgɛn dɪsˈmɪst ðə ˈwɪmənz kleɪmz ɛz "fɔls ənd məˈlɪʃəs," ˈbleɪmɪŋ ðə ræft əv ˈstɔriz əˈbaʊt hɪz əˈlɛʤd mɪˈskɑndəkt ɔn ə "kənˈspɪrəsi" kʊkt əp baɪ "ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈpʊʃɪŋ ə ˈlɪˌbərəl əˈʤɛndə" hu hæv "traɪd ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəli" tɪ ruɪn hɪz kæmˈpeɪn. "wɪn aɪ seɪ ðeɪ hu ər 'ðeɪ?'" hi toʊld ðə ˈklæpɪŋ ˌkɑŋgrəˈgeɪʃən. ˈlɪˌbərəlz. ðeɪ hoʊld kənˈsərvətɪv ˈvæljuz. ðeɪ ər ðə ˈlɛzbiən, geɪ, ˌbaɪˈsɛkʃuəl, ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər hu wɔnt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ɑr ˈkəlʧər. ðeɪ ər ˈsoʊʃəlɪsts hu wɔnt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ɑr weɪ əv laɪf ənd pʊt mæn əˈbəv gɑd ənd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ɑr gɑd. ðɛr ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən doʊnt wɔnt tɪ luz ðɛr paʊər."
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speaking from the pulpit at magnolia springs baptist church in alabama wednesday night, republican senate candidate roy moore accused liberals, gays, bisexuals, transgender people, and socialists of fabricating sexual harassment allegations against him in an effort to keep his conservative christian views out of washington.
the alabama republican has repeatedly and emphatically denied accusations that he initiated a sexual encounter with a woman when she was 14 and he was 32, as well as the accounts of several other women who have said moore inappropriately pursued them when they were teenagers.
during his sermon-like speech wednesday night, moore again dismissed the women's claims as "false and malicious," blaming the raft of stories about his alleged misconduct on a "conspiracy" cooked up by "democrats pushing a liberal agenda" who have "tried unsuccessfully" to ruin his campaign.
"when i say they who are 'they?'" he told the clapping congregation. "they’re liberals. they don’t hold conservative values. they are the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender who want to change our culture. they are socialists who want to change our way of life and put man above god and the government is our god. they're the washington establishment...who don't want to lose their power."
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ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju ˈθərzˌdeɪ ɔn, ˈdɑnəld trəmp broʊk wɪθ taɪərd əˈbaʊt ðə ˈivəlz əv ˈfɛdərəl dɛt əˌkjumjəˈleɪʃən. "aɪ æm ðə kɪŋ əv dɛt," hi sɛd. "aɪ ləv dɛt. aɪ ləv pleɪɪŋ wɪθ ɪt." bət hi ˌriˈpleɪst əˈbaʊt dɛt wɪθ ən ˈivɪn mɔr əˈlɑrmɪŋ ˈnoʊʃən ə ˈbæŋkrəptsi əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ðət wʊd ˌɪnˈsɪnərˌeɪt ðə wərld ɪˈkɑnəmi. "aɪ wʊd ˈbɑˌroʊ, noʊɪŋ ðət ɪf ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi kræʃt, ju kʊd meɪk ə dil," trəmp sɛd. "ənd ɪf ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi wɑz gʊd, ɪt wɑz gʊd. soʊ ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ju kænt luz." wɪθ hɪz ˈsteɪtmənt, trəmp nɑt ˈoʊnli rɪˈvild ə ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈɪgnərəns əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈmɑnəˌtɛri ˈsɪstəm ənd ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɔrdər, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔfərd ə ˈbrɪljənt keɪs ˈstədi ɪn ðə proʊˈfaʊnd rɪsks əv əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ əˈplaɪ ðə ˈlɑʤɪk əv ə ˈpraɪvət ˈbɪznɪs ˈɛnərˌpraɪz tɪ ðə tæsk əv ˈrənɪŋ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əv əˈmɛrɪkə. trəmps ˈbɪznɪs ˈlɑʤɪk meɪks sɛns trəmp ɪz ə ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn, ənd ɪn tərmz əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ laɪk ə ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn hɪz aɪˈdiə meɪks sɛns. ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪt ðət ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ˈkərəntli ʧɑrʤ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈbɑˌroʊ ˈməni ɪz ˈvɛri loʊ. ə smɑrt ˈbɪznɪs ˈstrætəʤi ˈəndər ðoʊz ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz wʊd bi tɪ ˈbɑˌroʊ ə bənʧ əv ˈməni ənd ˈəndərˌteɪk ə bənʧ əv bɪg ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈprɑʤɛkts ðət ər ˈsəmˈwət ˈrɪski bət ʤəʤd tɪ ˈpɑsəbli hæv ə juʤ peɪɔf. ju naʊ hæv tu ˈpɑsəbəl sɪˈnɛrioʊz. ɪn wən sɪˈnɛrioʊ, ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts wərk aʊt ənd ju meɪk ə tən əv ˈməni. ɪn ðət keɪs, ju kən ˈizəli peɪ bæk ðə loʊn ənd ˈɛvriˌwən wɪnz. ɪn əˈnəðər sɪˈnɛrioʊ, ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts doʊnt wərk aʊt ənd ju doʊnt meɪk məʧ ˈməni. ɪn ðət keɪs, ju ɑˈbʤɛktɪvli kænt peɪ bæk ðə loʊn. ju ˈiðər wərk aʊt ə dil wɪθ ðə ˈpipəl ju oʊ ˈməni tɪ ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ əkˈsɛpt lɛs ðən 100 pərˈsɛnt əv wət ju oʊ ðɛm (ðɪs ɪz kɔld ə "ˈhɛrˌkət") ər ɛls ju goʊ tɪ ˈbæŋkrəptsi kɔrt ənd ə ʤəʤ wɪl fɔrs ðɛm tɪ əkˈsɛpt lɛs ðən 100 pərˈsɛnt. ðɪs ɪz haʊ ˈbɪznəˈspipəl θɪŋk əˈspɛʃəli ðoʊz hu wərk ɪn ˈɪndəstriz laɪk ril ɛˈsteɪt. ənd fər gʊd ˈrizən. ðɪs ɪz ðə raɪt weɪ tɪ rən ə ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈkəmpəˌni. əˈplaɪɪŋ ðɪs aɪˈdiə tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wʊd dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əv əˈmɛrɪkə, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz nɑt ə ril ɛˈsteɪt dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈkəmpəˌni. ɪf ə ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈkəmpəˌni dɪˈfɔlts ɔn ɪts dɛts ənd ɪts ˈkrɛdɪtərz luz ˈməni, ðæts ðɛr ˈprɑbləm. ɪf ə bæŋk feɪlz ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðɛn ɪts ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ klin ɪt əp. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈdəzənt wərk laɪk ðət. raɪt naʊ, ˈpipəl ənd ˈkəmpəˌniz ɔl əraʊnd ðə wərld trit ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt bɑndz ɛz ðə list ˈrɪski ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈæˌsɛt ɪn ðə ˈjunəˌvərs. ɪf ðə ˈgəvərnmənt dɪˈfɔlts ənd bæŋks feɪl ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt nidz tɪ klin əp ðə mɛs. ənd ɪf ˈfɛdərəl bɑndz tərn aʊt tɪ bi ˈrɪski, ðɛn ˈɛvəri ˈəðər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈæˌsɛt bɪˈkəmz ˈrɪskiər. ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪt ʧɑrʤd ɔn steɪt ənd ˈloʊkəl ˈgəvərnmənt dɛt, ɔn ˈkɔrpərət dɛt, ənd ɔn hoʊm loʊnz wɪl spaɪk. ˈseɪvɪŋz wɪl ɪˈvæpərˌeɪt, ənd lɪkˈwɪdɪti wɪl ˈvænɪʃ ɛz ˈɛvriˌwən traɪz tɪ hoʊld ɔn tɪ ðɛr kæʃ ənˈtɪl ðeɪ kən ˈfɪgjər aʊt wəts goʊɪŋ ɔn. ˈɛvəri əˈsɛsmənt əv rɪsk ɪn ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsɪstəm ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ðə list ˈrɪski θɪŋ ɪz ˈlɛndɪŋ ˈməni tɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt. ɪf ðət tərnz aʊt tɪ bi məʧ ˈrɪskiər ðən ˈpriviəsli θɔt, ðɛn ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls bɪˈkəmz məʧ ˈrɪskiər tu. ˈbɪznɪs ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt wɪl kəˈlæps, steɪt ənd ˈloʊkəl ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz wɪl bi krəʃt, ənd ˈʃɑkˌweɪvz wɪl ˈɛməˌneɪt tɪ ə hoʊl reɪnʤ əv ˈfɔrən ˈkəntriz ðət ˈbɑˌroʊ ˈdɔlərz. rɪˈmɛmbər 2008 wɪn ðə ˈmɑrkɪts wɛnt frəm ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ˈhaʊzɪŋ dɛt wɑz tɪ ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪt wɑz high-risk*, ənd ə ˈgloʊbəl ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkraɪsəs wɑz ðə rɪˈzəlt? ðɪs wʊd bi laɪk ðət, bət məʧ wərs ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt dɛt ɪz ðə ˈvɛri faʊnˈdeɪʃən əv ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts. wəts əˈspɛʃəli ˈtrəbəlɪŋ əˈbaʊt trəmps prəˈpoʊzəl ɪz ðət ðɛr ɪz ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪnli noʊ kənˈsivəbəl ˈsərkəmˌstæns ˈəndər wɪʧ ðɪs kaɪnd əv dɪˈfɔlt wʊd bi ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. ðə dɛt əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt kənˈsɪsts ɪnˈtaɪərli əv ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃənz tɪ peɪ ˈjuˈɛs ˈdɔlərz tɪ ˈvɛriəs ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ənd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz. ˈjuˈɛs ˈdɔlərz ər, kənˈvinjəntli, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt kən kriˈeɪt ˈɪnstəntli ənd ɪn ˈɪnfənət kˈwɑntətiz æt ˈɛni taɪm. əv kɔrs, ɪt maɪt bi ˌəndɪˈzaɪrəbəl tɪ ˈfaɪˌnæns dɛts baɪ ˈprɪnɪŋ ˈməni ˈrəðər ðən ˈreɪzɪŋ ˈtæksɪz ər ˈkətɪŋ ˈspɛndɪŋ. ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ðət kaɪnd əv ˈməni ˈprɪnɪŋ kʊd lɛd tɪ ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən, ənd ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən ɪz ˈvɛri loʊ raɪt naʊ ðɛrz noʊ ˌgɛrənˈti ðət ɪt wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi loʊ. bət ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈstrɪktli ˈprɛfərəbəl tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ðə hoʊl əˈmɛrɪkən ɪˈkɑnəmi, əˈspɛʃəli bɪˈkəz ə dɛt dɪˈfɔlt wʊd kɔz ə kræʃ ɪn ðə ˈvælju əv ðə ˈdɔlər ənd spɑrk ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən ˈɛniˌweɪ. trəmp ˈdəzənt noʊ wət hiz ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈsɛkənd taɪm ðɪs wik ðət trəmp həz rɪˈvild ə proʊˈfaʊnd ˈɪgnərəns əv ən ˈɪʃu rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈgəvərnmənt dɛts. ðə ˈərli ˈɪnstəns ɪn wɪʧ hi kɛpt prəˈpoʊzɪŋ ðət ˈpɔrtər ˈrikoʊ dɪˈklɛr ˈbæŋkrəptsi ˈivɪn ðoʊ duɪŋ soʊ ɪz ˌɪˈligəl wɑz ɔn ə kˈwɛʃən ðæts ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ˈpɔrtər ˈrɪkənz bət nɑt soʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls. ɪt ɪz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ peɪ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ haʊ ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪts əˈproʊʧ ˈɪʃuz əˈkrɔs ðə bɔrd ənd wət wi sɔ wɪθ ˈpɔrtər ˈrikoʊ ɪz ðət trəmp əˈproʊʧt ðə ˈɪʃu baɪ əˈplaɪɪŋ ˈbɪznɪs ˈlɑʤɪk wɪˈθaʊt ˈbɑðərɪŋ tɪ ʧɛk ˈwɛðər ɪt əˈplaɪz tɪ ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. naʊ ɪn ðə ˈɪntərvˌju hiz dən ðə ɪgˈzækt seɪm θɪŋ ɔn ə ˈmætər əv mɔr ˈkɑnsəkwəns ðə dɛts əv ˈpɔrtər ˈrikoʊ bət ðə dɛts əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əv əˈmɛrɪkə. ɪts ˌəndərˈstændəbəl ðət ə ril ɛˈsteɪt dɪˈvɛləpər maɪt əˈsum ðət wət wərks ɪn ril ɛˈsteɪt wʊd wərk ɪn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsi, bət ɪts nɑt tru. ənd trəmp ˈhæzənt ˈbɑðərd tɪ ʧɛk ər æsk ˈɛniˌwən əˈbaʊt ɪt. waɪ ˈdɑnəld trəmp kænt bɪˈkəm "ˈmɑdərˌeɪt"
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in an interview thursday on cnbc, donald trump broke with tired clichés about the evils of federal debt accumulation. "i am the king of debt," he said. "i love debt. i love playing with it."
but he replaced fearmongering about debt with an even more alarming notion — a bankruptcy of the united states federal government that would incinerate the world economy.
"i would borrow, knowing that if the economy crashed, you could make a deal," trump said. "and if the economy was good, it was good. so therefore, you can't lose."
with his statement, trump not only revealed a dangerous ignorance about the operation of the national monetary system and the global economic order, but also offered a brilliant case study in the profound risks of attempting to apply the logic of a private business enterprise to the task of running the united states of america.
trump's business logic makes sense
trump is a businessman, and in terms of thinking like a businessman his idea makes sense.
the interest rate that investors currently charge the united states in order to borrow money is very low. a smart business strategy under those circumstances would be to borrow a bunch of money and undertake a bunch of big investment projects that are somewhat risky but judged to possibly have a huge payoff.
you now have two possible scenarios.
in one scenario, the investments work out and you make a ton of money. in that case, you can easily pay back the loan and everyone wins.
in another scenario, the investments don't work out and you don't make much money. in that case, you objectively can't pay back the loan. you either work out a deal with the people you owe money to in which they accept less than 100 percent of what you owe them (this is called a "haircut") or else you go to bankruptcy court and a judge will force them to accept less than 100 percent.
this is how businesspeople think — especially those who work in capital-intensive industries like real estate. and for good reason. this is the right way to run a real estate company.
applying this idea to the united states would destroy the economy
the united states of america, however, is not a real estate development company. if a real estate company defaults on its debts and its creditors lose money, that's their problem. if a bank fails as a result, then it's the fdic's responsibility to clean it up.
the government doesn't work like that. right now, people and companies all around the world treat us government bonds as the least risky financial asset in the universe. if the government defaults and banks fail as a result, the government needs to clean up the mess. and if risk-free federal bonds turn out to be risky, then every other financial asset becomes riskier. the interest rate charged on state and local government debt, on corporate debt, and on home loans will spike. savings will evaporate, and liquidity will vanish as everyone tries to hold on to their cash until they can figure out what's going on.
every assessment of risk in the financial system is based on the idea that the least risky thing is lending money to the federal government. if that turns out to be much riskier than previously thought, then everything else becomes much riskier too. business investment will collapse, state and local finances will be crushed, and shockwaves will emanate to a whole range of foreign countries that borrow dollars.
remember 2008, when the markets went from thinking housing debt was low-risk to thinking it was high-risk, and a global financial crisis was the result? this would be like that, but much worse — us government debt is the very foundation of low-risk investments.
what's especially troubling about trump's proposal is that there is genuinely no conceivable circumstance under which this kind of default would be necessary. the debt of the federal government consists entirely of obligations to pay us dollars to various individuals and institutions. us dollars are, conveniently, something the us government can create instantly and in infinite quantities at any time.
of course, it might be undesirable to finance debts by printing money rather than raising taxes or cutting spending. in particular, that kind of money printing could lead to inflation, and even though inflation is very low right now there's no guarantee that it will always be low.
but a little bit of inflation is always going to be strictly preferable to destroying the whole american economy, especially because a debt default would cause a crash in the value of the dollar and spark inflation anyway.
trump doesn't know what he's talking about
this is the second time this week that trump has revealed a profound ignorance of an issue related to government debts.
the early instance in which he kept proposing that puerto rico declare bankruptcy even though doing so is illegal was on a question that's very important to puerto ricans but not so important to everyone else. it is, however, important to pay attention to how presidential candidates approach issues across the board — and what we saw with puerto rico is that trump approached the issue by simplistically applying business logic without bothering to check whether it applies to the actual situation.
now in the cnbc interview he's done the exact same thing on a matter of more consequence —not the debts of puerto rico but the debts of the united states of america. it's understandable that a real estate developer might assume that what works in real estate would work in economic policy, but it's not true. and trump hasn't bothered to check or ask anyone about it.
why donald trump can't become "moderate"
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ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd æt p.m*. ɛst, ʤæn. 28 2008 faɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsoʊlʤərz wər kɪld ˈdʊrɪŋ ə kəmˈbaɪnd əˈtæk təˈdeɪ ɪn ˈmoʊsəl. ˈoʊvərˌɔl, 21 ˌɪˈrækiz wər kɪld ənd əˈnəðər 17 wər ˈwundɪd əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri. ɪn ˈbɑsrɑ, tu ˈærəb ˈnæʃənəlz wər kɪld ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈbɑmɪŋ ɛz wɛl. ˈɔlsoʊ, ər ˈərʤɪŋ ðɛr ˈlidər nɑt tɪ rɪˈnu ə ˈsisˈfaɪər ðət ɛndz nɛkst mənθ. ɪn ˈmoʊsəl, faɪv juz. ˈsoʊlʤərz wər kɪld daɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə kəmˈbaɪnd ˈroʊdˌsaɪd bɔm ənd smɔl ɑrmz əˈtæk. ðɪs kəmz ɛz ˌɪˈræki trups əraɪv ðɛr tɪ ˈbætəl ɪn bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ læst ˈərbən ˈstrɔŋˌhoʊld ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. ðɪs kəmz ʤɪst deɪz ˈæftər ə ˈmæsɪv ɪkˈsploʊʒən lɛft 60 dɛd ənd 280 ˈwundɪd. ɪn ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈɪnsədənt ɪn ˈneɪbərˌhʊd, θri səˈvɪljənz wər ˈwundɪd. ˈminˌwaɪl ˈklæʃɪz ənd ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər əˈtæks pɪkt əp ɪn ðə ˈsɪti təˈdeɪ ɛz ˌɪˈræki trups dɪˈsɛnd ɔn ˈmoʊsəl tɪ ɪˈrædəˌkeɪt səˈspɛktɪd ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ ˈtɑrgəts ðɛr. saʊθ əv taʊn, tu pəˈlismɪn wər kɪld ənd tu mɔr wər ˈwundɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ɑrmd əˈtæk. ɪn ˈbægdæd, tu dəmpt ˈbɑdiz wər faʊnd. ə ˈmɪniˌbəs ˈkɛriɪŋ ə fˈjunərəl prəˈsɛʃən strək ə ˈroʊdˌsaɪd bɔm, wɪʧ ðɛn kɪld θri ˈpipəl ənd ˈwundɪd 10 ɪn ðə nu ˈbægdæd ˈdɪstrɪkt. tu ˌɪˈræki ˈsoʊlʤərz wər ˈwundɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. ən əˈweɪkənɪŋ ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmɛmbər wɑz kɪld baɪ ə bɔm lɛft ɪn hɪz kɑr. faɪər ɪnˈgəlft ðə ˈsɛntrəl bæŋk ˈbɪldɪŋ, bət noʊ ˈkæʒəwəltiz wər ˌriˈpɔrtəd. ˈɔlsoʊ, ə ˈproʊˌtɛst dɪˈmændɪŋ ˈbɛtər ˈhaʊzɪŋ wɑz hɛld ɪn frənt əv ðə grin zoʊn. ðə meɪər əv wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ˈəndər səˈspɪʃən fər ˈeɪdɪŋ ɑrmd grups. ən əˈweɪkənɪŋ ˈkaʊnsəl ˈlidər wɑz riˈlist ɪn ˈæftər hi pruvd hi wɑz ˈɪnəsənt əv ˈʧɑrʤɪz ˈlɛvəld əˈgɛnst ɪm. ə ˈwɛpənz kæˈʃeɪ wɑz faʊnd ɪn tɑl əˈfɑr. ərʤd nɑt tɪ rɪˈnu ə ˈsisˈfaɪər ðət ɛndz nɛkst mənθ. ðə ˈsisˈfaɪər ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ hæv rɪˈdust ðə ˈnəmbər əv dɛθs ɪn ðə ˈkəntri sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli. ˈkɑmbaɪn ˈfɔrsɪz kɪld 13 ˈsəˌspɛkts ɪn zelig*. juz. ˈfɔrsɪz dɪˈteɪnd 18 ˈsəˌspɛkts nɔrθ əv ˈbægdæd. əˈnəðər 15 wər ˈkæpʧərd ɪn diwaniya*. ˈɔlsoʊ, 40 ˈsəˌspɛkts wər ərˈɛstɪd ɪn ˈbægdæd. kəmˈpaɪld baɪ ˈmɑrgərɪt ˈgrɪfɪs rɛd mɔr baɪ ˈmɑrgərɪt ˈgrɪfɪs
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updated at 6:40 p.m. est, jan. 28, 2008
five american soldiers were killed during a combined attack today in mosul. overall, 21 iraqis were killed and another 17 were wounded across the country. in basra, two arab nationals were killed during a bombing as well. also, sadrists are urging their leader muqtada al-sadr not to renew a cease-fire that ends next month.
in mosul, five u.s. soldiers were killed died during a combined roadside bomb and small arms attack. this comes as iraqi troops arrive there to battle in what’s believed to be al-qaeda last urban stronghold in the country. this comes just days after a massive explosion left 60 dead and 280 wounded.
in a separate incident in mosul’s sumar neighborhood, three civilians were wounded. meanwhile clashes and helicopter attacks picked up in the city today as iraqi troops descend on mosul to eradicate suspected al-qaeda targets there. south of town, two policemen were killed and two more were wounded during an armed attack.
in baghdad, two dumped bodies were found. a minibus carrying a funeral procession struck a roadside bomb, which then killed three people and wounded 10 in the new baghdad district. two iraqi soldiers were wounded during security operations. an awakening council member was killed by a bomb left in his car. fire engulfed the central bank building, but no casualties were reported. also, a protest demanding better housing was held in front of the green zone.
the mayor of samarra was arrested under suspicion for aiding armed groups.
an awakening council leader was released in muqdadiyah after he proved he was innocent of charges leveled against him.
a weapons cache was found in tal afar.
sadrists urged muqtada al-sadr not to renew a ceasefire that ends next month. the ceasefire is believed to have reduced the number of deaths in the country significantly.
combine u.s.-iraqi forces killed 13 suspects in zelig. u.s. forces detained 18 suspects north of baghdad. another 15 were captured in diwaniya. also, 40 suspects were arrested in baghdad.
compiled by margaret griffis
read more by margaret griffis
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ə ˈfɔrmər kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈɪntərn rɪˈpɔrtədli sɪz ʃi, tu, wɑz ə ˈvɪktɪm əv ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈkɑnˌtækt baɪ rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ʤɑn ˈkɑnjərz, seɪɪŋ ˈkɑnjərz ˈivɪn kleɪmd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðət ɪnˈkaʊnər tɪ hæv information”*” ɔn ˈfɛdərəl ˈɪntərn ˈʧændrə ˈlɛvi. ˈkɔrtni mɔrs, 36 dɪˈskraɪbd ðə ˈɪnsədənt frəm 16 jɪrz əˈgoʊ tɪ ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst. ʃi sɛd ˈkɑnjərz, d-mich*., ˈmɛnʃənd ðə ˈlɛvi keɪs wɪn mɔrs wɑz ə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈɪntərn fər ɪm ənd ðə ˈkɑŋgrəsmən droʊv hər hoʊm wən naɪt. mɔrs sɛd ˈkɑnjərz ræpt hɪz hænd əraʊnd hərz waɪl ɪt wɑz ɪn hər læp ənd sɛd hi wɑz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ə ˈsɛkʃuəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˌriˈpɔrtəd. ˈlɛvi wɛnt ˈmɪsɪŋ ɪn 2001 ə pəˈlis ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən rɪˈvild ʃi wɑz ˈhævɪŋ ən əˈfɛr wɪθ ˈmɛrid ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ˈgɛri ˈkɑndɪt. ˈkɑnjərz "sɛd hi hæd ˌɪnˈsaɪdər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðə keɪs. aɪ noʊ ɪf hi mɛnt ɪt tɪ bi θˈrɛtənɪŋ, bət aɪ tʊk ɪt ðət way,”*,” mɔrs toʊld ðə poʊst. gɑt aʊt əv ðə kɑr ənd ran.”*.” fɑks nuz meɪd ˈsɛvərəl əˈtɛmpts ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈkɑnjərz ˈlɔjər ˈɑrnəld rid fər ˈkɑmɛnts. mɔrs sɛd ˈnəθɪŋ ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt ˈhæpənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst mənθs əv hər ˈɪntərnˌʃɪp ənd ðət ʃi ækˈsɛptɪd conyers’*’ ˈɔfər fər ə peɪd ˈsəmər ˈɪntərnˌʃɪp. ðɛn hi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈgɪvɪŋ hər gɪfts ənd æst hər tɪ daɪn wɪθ ɪm ənd ˈleɪtər ˈɔfərd hər ðə raɪd hoʊm, wɪʧ ʃi ækˈsɛptɪd. mɔrs kwɪt hər ˈɪntərnˌʃɪp ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðə ˈɪnsədənt ənd rɪˈtərnd tɪ oʊˈhaɪoʊ. rɪˈmeɪnz wər faʊnd əˈbaʊt ə jɪr ˈleɪtər ɪn ə pɑrk. ˈmɛmbər ˈɪŋmɑr wɑz faʊnd ˈgɪlti əv ˈmərdər, bət ðə keɪs wɑz ˈifɛktɪvli drɑpt ˈoʊvər ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk ˈwɪtnəs ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni ənd wɑz dɪˈpɔrtəd. ˈkɑndɪt lɔst riɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn 2002 əˈmɪd ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən əˈbaʊt hɪz roʊl, bət hɪz ˈlɔjər ˈleɪtər dɪˈskraɪbd ðə ˈvərdɪkt ɛz vɪndəˈkeɪʃən fər hɪz klaɪənt. ðə ˈkɑnjərz ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ ˌriˈtaɪər ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, tu wiks ˈæftər ðə fərst ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ˈsərfɪst ənd ˈæftər rɪˈtərnɪŋ læst wik tɪ hɪz ˈdɪstrɪkt tɪ dɪˈskəs hɪz pəˈlɪtɪkəl fˈjuʧər wɪθ ˈfæməli ənd ædˈvaɪzərz. ðə nuz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ɔn noʊv. 20 ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðə fərst ˌæləˈgeɪʃən: ˈkɑnjərz' ˈɔfəs peɪd ə ˈwʊmən mɔr ðən ˈəndər ə ˌkɑnfəˌdɛnʃiˈæləti əˈgrimənt tɪ ˈsɛtəl ə kəmˈpleɪnt ɪn 2015 ðət ʃi wɑz faɪərd frəm hɪz ˈwɔʃɪŋtən stæf bɪˈkəz ʃi rɪˈʤɛktɪd hɪz ˈsɛkʃuəl ədˈvænsɪz. ðə haʊs ˈɛθɪks kəˈmɪti əˈnaʊnst ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ deɪ ðət ɪt hæd ˈbeɪgən ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ˈkɑnjərz, ˈæftər rɪˈsivɪŋ ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv ˈsɛkʃuəl hərˈæsmənt ənd eɪʤ dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ stæf ˈmɛmbərz ənd əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkɑŋgrəsmən ˈjuzɪŋ "əˈfɪʃəl ˈrisɔrsɪz fər ˌɪmpərˈmɪsɪbəl ˈpərsɪnəl ˈpərpəsɪz." ðə kəˈmɪti wɪl rɪˈpɔrtədli kənˈtɪnju wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, dɪˈspaɪt conyers’*’ ˌrɛzɪgˈneɪʃən. əˈdɪʃənəl ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz hæv sɪns ˈsərfɪst əv ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt ˈkɑndəkt. əˈlis grəbz, ə ˈkəzən əv əˈnəðər əˈkjuzər, ˈmɛriən braʊn, ˈərliər ðɪs wik əˈlɛʤd ðət ˈkɑnjərz mɔr ðən ə ˈdɛkeɪd əˈgoʊ slɪd hɪz hænd əp hər skərt ənd rəbd hər θaɪz waɪl ðeɪ sæt nɛkst tɪ iʧ ˈəðər ɪn ʧərʧ. grəbz sɛd ɪn ən ˌæfəˈdeɪvət meɪd ˈpəblɪk ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkɑnjərz rɪˈzaɪnd ðət ʃi wərkt fər ðə ˈkɑŋgrəsmən frəm əˈbaʊt 2001 tɪ əˈbaʊt 2013 ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðət ʃi sɔ ˈkɑnjərz ˈtəʧɪŋ ənd ˈstroʊkɪŋ ðə lɛgz ənd ˈbətəks əv braʊn ənd ˈəðər ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈstæfərz ɔn "ˈməltəpəl ɔˈkeɪʒənz." ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt.
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a former congressional intern reportedly says she, too, was a victim of inappropriate sexual contact by now-retired rep. john conyers, saying conyers even claimed during that encounter to have “inside information” on then-missing federal intern chandra levy.
courtney morse, 36, described the incident from 16 years ago to the washington post. she said conyers, d-mich., mentioned the levy case when morse was a college intern for him and the congressman drove her home one night.
morse said conyers wrapped his hand around hers while it was in her lap and said he was interested in a sexual relationship, the newspaper reported.
levy went missing in 2001. a police investigation revealed she was having an affair with married california democratic rep. gary condit.
conyers "said he had insider information on the case. i don’t know if he meant it to be threatening, but i took it that way,” morse told the post. “i got out of the car and ran.”
fox news made several attempts wednesday to contact conyers lawyer arnold reed for comments.
morse said nothing inappropriate happened during the first months of her internship and that she accepted conyers’ offer for a paid summer internship.
then he started giving her gifts and asked her to dine with him -- and later offered her the ride home, which she accepted. morse quit her internship shortly after the incident and returned to ohio.
levy’s remains were found about a year later in a park. ms-13 member ingmar guandique was found guilty of murder, but the case was effectively dropped over problematic witness testimony and guandique was deported. condit lost reelection in 2002 amid speculation about his role, but his lawyer later described the guandique verdict as vindication for his client.
the 88-year-old conyers decide to retire on tuesday, two weeks after the first sexual-harassment allegations surfaced and after returning last week to his detroit-area district to discuss his political future with family and advisers.
the news website buzzfeed on nov. 20 reported the first allegation: conyers' office paid a woman more than $27,000 under a confidentiality agreement to settle a complaint in 2015 that she was fired from his washington staff because she rejected his sexual advances.
the house ethics committee announced the following day that it had begun an investigation into conyers, after receiving allegations of sexual harassment and age discrimination involving staff members and about the congressman using "official resources for impermissible personal purposes."
the committee will reportedly continue with the investigation, despite conyers’ resignation.
additional allegations have since surfaced of inappropriate conduct.
elise grubbs, a cousin of another accuser, marion brown, earlier this week alleged that conyers more than a decade ago slid his hand up her skirt and rubbed her thighs while they sat next to each other in church.
grubbs said in an affidavit made public before conyers resigned that she worked for the congressman from about 2001 to about 2013. she also said that she saw conyers touching and stroking the legs and buttocks of brown and other female staffers on "multiple occasions."
the associated press contributed to this report.
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ən oʊˈbɪʧuˌɛri fər, ˈnoʊtɪd ˈɔθər ɔn ʧaɪˈniz hu pæst əˈweɪ ɔn 1 dɪˈsɛmbər, ˈrɪtən baɪ rəˈbɛkə kɑrl, wən əv hɪz ˈfɔrmər ˈpjupəlz. aɪ mɛt ɪn 1989 ðə fɔl əv 1989 tɪ bi ɪgˈzækt, æt ə ˈdɪnər ˈbæŋkwət ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ɪn hɪz ˈɑnər baɪ ðə ˈhɪstəri dɪˈpɑrtmənt æt ˈnænʤɪŋ ˌjunəˈvərsəti. aɪ hæd bɪn brɔt ðɛr baɪ ə frɛnd, hu θɔt aɪ wʊd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˈmitɪŋ ðɪs prəˈfɛsər frəm duk ˌjunəˈvərsəti. aɪ hæd ˌlɑrɪnˈʤaɪtəs ənd kʊd ˈbɛrli kroʊk. ˈsəmˌhaʊ, ənd aɪ ˈmænɪʤd tɪ hæv ə dip ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ðət ˈivnɪŋ, bɪtˈwin maɪ ˈhɔrsnəs ənd ðə kənˈtɪnjuəl dɪˈmændz tɪ daʊn mɔr ʃɑts əv baijiu*. aɪ hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɪθ ˈɛvər sɪns. wɑz maɪ ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi ædˈvaɪzər æt duk ˌjunəˈvərsəti. hi wɑz ə ˈmɑrvələs ædˈvaɪzər. hi tɔt mi ˈmɛni θɪŋz. moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, aɪ θɪŋk, ɪz ðət hi tɔt mi haʊ tɪ bi ˈrædɪkəl ənd ˈrædɪkli ˈfɪrləs ɪn maɪ ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl wərk, maɪ ˈpərsɪnəl laɪf, ənd maɪ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl ˈpræktɪs. ɛz ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs noʊ, wɑz nɑt ən ˈizi ˈpərsən tɪ gɪt əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, ənd hi ʃʊr dɪd noʊ haʊ tɪ ˌɪnˈsəlt foʊks ənd hoʊld ˈgrəʤɪz. bət hi wɑz ə ˈsɪriəs ˈθɪŋkər ənd ə ˈsɪriəs ˈskɑlər ənd ˈdipli kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈrædɪkəl ˌprɑpəˈzɪʃən əv ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti. wən kʊd fərˈgɪv ɪm məʧ bɪˈkəz əv ðət. keɪm tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɔn ə ˈfʊlˌbraɪt frəm ˈtərki, tɪ ˈstədi saɪəns æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈrɑˌʧɛstər. hi gɑt sɪˈdust baɪ ˌrɛvəˈluʃən, ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ʧaɪˈniz ˌrɛvəˈluʃən əv ðə 1960s*. nɑt roʊˈmæntɪkəli, bət ɛz ə fɔrm əv ðə ˈrædɪkəˌlɪzəm əv ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti. hi muvd tɪ ðə ˈhɪstəri dɪˈpɑrtmənt ənd kriˈeɪtɪd hɪz nu kɔrs əv ˈstədi stɪl ˈfəndɪd baɪ ˈfʊlˌbraɪt! wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ˈhɛri ənd ˈəðərz, huz oʊn ˈmɑdəst klæs ˈbækˌgraʊndz lɛnt ðɛr ˈmɛntərɪŋ ə ˈrædɪkəl ˈoʊpənəs tɪ unconventionality*. ˈɔlˌweɪz ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ðə ˈkɑnʤərd ˈɪmɪʤ əv ðə ɑrˈminiən ənd ðə tərk ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ səm ənˈspikəbəl ˈspɪrɪts ɪn ˈəpˈsteɪt nu jɔrk, ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ðɛr ˈɪnəˌlɛkts ənd ə ˈfrɛndʃɪp ðət kʊd brɪʤ wən əv ðə moʊst ˈmərdərəs ənd stɪl ˈlɑrʤli ˌdɪsəˈvaʊd dɪˈvaɪdz ɪn wərld ˈhɪstəri. ə ˈfrɛndʃɪp ənd ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ðət ɪnˈdʊrd ˈdɛkeɪdz: ənd ˈhɛri, ˈhɛri ənd. ənd soʊ ˈmɛni ˈəðər ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ ɪnˈkaʊnərz ðət ðɛr kriˈeɪtɪd speɪs ɪˈneɪbəld fər ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs. ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ənd ˈhɪstəri, fərst bʊk, ˈsɪriəsli ˈʧælənʤd ðə hɪˌstɔriˈɑgrəfi əv ʧaɪˈniz ˈhɪstəri ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ɪt tʊk ˈsɪriəsli ðə ˈmɑrksɪst dəˈbeɪts əv ðə 1930s*, ənd ɪt tʊk ˈsɪriəsli ðə əˈtɛmpts əv ʧaɪˈniz ˈmɑrksɪsts əv ðət taɪm tɪ θɪŋk ʧaɪˈniz ˈhɪstəri θru ðə ˈmɑrksɪst ˌænəˈlɪtɪk. bɪˈkəz tʊk ˈmɑrksɪzəm ˈsɪriəsli ɪn ə taɪm wɪn wɑz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ɪts ˌfʊlˈskeɪl riˈtrit; bɪˈkəz rɪfˈjuzd tɪ riˈpjudiˌeɪt hɪz ˈrædɪkəˌlɪzəm, ˈivɪn wɪn soʊ ˈmɛni ˈʧaɪnə ˈskɑlərz wər dɪsəˈvaʊɪŋ ðɛr ˈpriviəs kəˈmɪtmənts tɪ ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˌrɛvəˈluʃən; bɪˈkəz hæd ə ˈpɑləˌtɪks ənd nɑt ˈmɪrli ə position…*… wɑz nɑt ɪn ðə ˈɪnər əv ðə ˈʧaɪnə ˈstədiz fild ɛz ɪt wɑz ðɛn biɪŋ ˌrikənˈfɪgjərd əraʊnd ðə ˌɪmˈpɛrətɪvz əv ənd ðə dɪˈzaɪər fər ðə ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən əv ˈpɑləˌtɪks frəm ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp. ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈsɛvərəl bʊks ðə ˈɔrəʤɪnz əv ʧaɪˈniz ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm ənd ɪn ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ænˈθɔləˌʤi ˈmɑrksɪzəm ənd ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪθ hɪz frɛnd ənd ˈælaɪ, ˈmɑrɪs ˈmaɪsnər kən bi sin ɛz ən ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈwərkɪŋ aʊt əv ðə ˈlɑʤɪk əv ðə fərst bʊk: wət dɪd ˈrædɪkəˌlɪzəm ənd ˈmɑrksɪzəm hæv tɪ seɪ tɪ ʧaɪˈniz, ənd wət dɪd ʧaɪˈniz hæv tɪ seɪ tɪ ˈmɑrksɪzəm ənd ˈrædɪkəˌlɪzəm? ɪnˈgeɪʤmənts wɪθ ðiz ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl hɪˈstɔrɪkəl kˈwɛsʧənz pəˈzɛs ən ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti ənd dɛpθ ðət fju ˈskɑlərz kən kleɪm ər ˈriəˌlaɪz. wɪn aɪ mɛt ɪn 1989 hi hæd ʤɪst ˈpəblɪʃt ˈɔrəʤɪnz ənd wɑz ɪn dræft ˈmænjəˌskrɪpt fɔrm. hi ˈhændɪd mi ðə bʊk ənd ðə ˈmænjəˌskrɪpt æt ə ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈmitɪŋ ˈæftər ðət fərst hɔrs ˈdɪnər, ənd hi æst mi tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ðɛm wɪn wi nɛkst gɑt təˈgɛðər. aɪ wɑz ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd baɪ ðə tæsk, ənd ˈmɪstəˌfaɪd baɪ hɪz læk əv ˈhaɪˌrɑrki. aɪ ˈɑnəstli hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə wət aɪ sɛd tɪ ɪm əˈbaʊt ˈɛni əv ɪt wɪn aɪ sɔ ɪm nɛkst, bət aɪ du noʊ aɪ spɛnt aʊərz ˈrɛdɪŋ boʊθ bʊks ənd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ ðət aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˈstədi wɪθ ɪm. ˈsəbsəkwənt ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz wər ˈliʤən. hu kən fərˈgɛt hɪz ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ˈɪntu ðə dəˈbeɪts ɔn post-colonialism*? ər ðoʊz ɔn post-modernism*? ər θərd worldism*? or…*… soʊ ˈmɛni əv ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃənz wər ˈhjuʤli ˌkɑnsəkˈwɛnʃəl ɪn ðə fild əv ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl wərk ˈgloʊbəli, ənd ˈmɛni wər ˈwaɪdli rɛd ɪn trænzˈleɪʃənz. aɪ wɪl nɑt seɪ ðət wərks wər ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl, ɛz aɪ noʊ ðət hi ˈheɪtɪd ðə aɪˈdiə əv ““influence.”*.” ɛz hi ˈnɛvər sist tɪ riˈmaɪnd ˈjuˈɛs, ““influence”*” ɪz ən ˌæstrəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈkɑnsɛpt, nɑt ən hɪˈstɔrɪkəl wən. ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti wɑz ˈskɛri; hɪz kəˈpæsɪti fər wərk wɑz ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri. hi rɛd ənd əˈkrɔs ˈmɛni wərldz əv ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri; hi roʊt kˈwɪkli ənd ˈʃʊrli, wɪθ ˈnɛri ə ˈweɪstɪd wərd ər ə ˈweɪstɪd θɔt; hi ˈpəblɪʃt ˈkɑnstəntli ɪn bɪg ənd smɔl ˈvɛnuz, ənd wəns ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt bɪˈkeɪm juˈbɪkwɪtəs, hi ˈpəblɪʃt ˈɔnˌlaɪn ɛz wɛl. ənd jɛt hi ˈɔlˌweɪz hæd taɪm tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ˈθəroʊli ɔn ˈəðər wərk; tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn students’*’ ˈtreɪnɪŋ; tɪ rɛd dræfts ənd ˈθisiz; tɪ ˈtrævəl tɪ ˈkɑnfərənsəz ənd tɪ ˈtiʧɪŋ stɪnts əˈbrɔd; tɪ drɪŋk ənd smoʊk ənd it ənd kʊk ənd ˌɛnərˈteɪn ɛz ɪf hi hæd ˈnəθɪŋ ˈbɛtər tɪ du ðən sɪt əraʊnd ənd ʃut ðə briz. ənd tɪ bi ə ˈpɑrtnər tɪ ənd ə ˈfɑðər tɪ hɪz kɪdz ənd hər sən. aɪ wɪl liv ɪt tɪ ˈəðərz tɪ raɪt ə ˈprɑpər əˈsɛsmənt əv hɪz wərk; aɪ kən ˈoʊnli ˈmænɪʤ ðɪs brif ˈpərsɪnəl ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt. aɪ wɪl mɪs noʊɪŋ ðət ˌɪnˈhæbɪts ðɪs wərld wɪθ hɪz rɛr pəˈlɪtɪkəl staunchness*, hɪz ˈɑnəsti, ənd hɪz ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl fɔrs. hi ˈnɛvər gɑt ðə ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən ɪn ðə fild hi ɔt tɪ hæv hæd, bət hi wɑz ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd əˈkrɔs fildz ðət hi ˈəltəmətli kɛrd əˈbaʊt mɔr. hi wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ən əˈnɑməli. ðət ɪz haʊ ɪt ʃʊd bi. rəˈbɛkə i. kɑrl ˈhɪstəri, ərˈɪʤənəli əˈpɪrd:
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an obituary for arif dirlik, noted author on chinese anarchism who passed away on 1 december, written by rebecca karl, one of his former pupils.
i met arif dirlik in 1989, the fall of 1989 to be exact, at a dinner banquet organized in his honor by the history department at nanjing university. i had been brought there by a friend, who thought i would enjoy meeting this professor from duke university. i had laryngitis and could barely croak. somehow, arif and i managed to have a deep conversation that evening, between my hoarseness and the continual demands to down more shots of baijiu. i have been involved in a conversation with arif ever since.
arif was my phd advisor at duke university. he was a marvelous advisor. he taught me many things. most important, i think, is that he taught me how to be fearlessly radical and radically fearless in my intellectual work, my personal life, and my institutional practice. as many of us know, arif was not an easy person to get along with sometimes, and he sure did know how to insult folks and hold grudges. but he was a serious thinker and a serious scholar and deeply committed to the radical proposition of possibility. one could forgive him much because of that.
arif came to the us on a fulbright from turkey, to study science at the university of rochester. he got seduced by revolution, the ongoing chinese revolution of the 1960s. not romantically, but as a form of the radicalism of possibility. he moved to the history department and created his new course of study – still funded by fulbright! -- with the help of harry harootunian and others, whose own modest class backgrounds lent their mentoring a radical openness to unconventionality. i’ve always enjoyed the conjured image of the armenian and the turk drinking some unspeakable spirits in upstate new york, engaging their intellects and actualizing a friendship that could bridge one of the most murderous and still largely disavowed divides in world history. a friendship and intellectual comradeship that endured decades: arif and harry, harry and arif. and so many other enduring encounters that their created space enabled for the rest of us.
revolution and history, arif’s first book, seriously challenged the historiography of chinese history in the united states. it took seriously the marxist historiographical debates of the 1930s, and it took seriously the attempts of chinese marxists of that time to think chinese history through the marxist analytic. because arif took marxism seriously in a time when maoism was beginning its full-scale retreat; because arif refused to repudiate his radicalism, even when so many china scholars were disavowing their previous full-throated commitments to the chinese revolution; because arif had a politics and not merely a position… arif was not well-received in the inner sanctums of the china studies field as it was then being reconfigured around the imperatives of anti-radicalism and the desire for the evacuation of politics from scholarship.
arif’s subsequent several books – the origins of chinese communism and anarchism in the chinese revolution as well as the anthology marxism and the chinese revolutionary experience co-edited with his long-time friend and ally, maurice meisner – can be seen as an extended working out of the logic of the first book: what did radicalism and marxism have to say to chinese, and what did chinese have to say to marxism and radicalism? arif’s engagements with these fundamental historical questions possess an intensity and depth that few scholars can claim or realize.
when i met arif in 1989, he had just published origins and anarchism was in draft manuscript form. he handed me the book and the manuscript at a subsequent meeting after that first hoarse croaky dinner, and he asked me to comment on them when we next got together. i was terrified by the task, and mystified by his lack of hierarchy. i honestly have no idea what i said to him about any of it when i saw him next, but i do know i spent hours reading both books and deciding that i wanted to study with him.
arif’s subsequent publications were legion. who can forget his intervention into the early-1990s debates on post-colonialism? or those on post-modernism? or third worldism? or… so many of arif’s interventions were hugely consequential in the field of intellectual and political work globally, and many were widely read in translations. i will not say that arif’s works were influential, as i know that he hated the idea of “influence.” as he never ceased to remind us, “influence” is an astrological concept, not an historical one.
arif’s productivity was scary; his capacity for work was extraordinary. he read voraciously and across many worlds of inquiry; he wrote quickly and surely, with nary a wasted word or a wasted thought; he published constantly in big and small venues, and once the internet became ubiquitous, he published online as well. and yet he always had time to comment thoroughly on other people’s work; to participate in students’ training; to read people’s drafts and theses; to travel to conferences and to teaching stints abroad; to drink and smoke and eat and cook and entertain as if he had nothing better to do than sit around and shoot the breeze. and to be a partner to roxann prazniak and a father to his kids and her son.
i will leave it to others to write a proper assessment of his work; i can only manage this brief personal testimony at the moment. i will miss knowing that arif inhabits this world with his rare political staunchness, his honesty, and his intellectual force. he never got the recognition in the field he ought to have had, but he was recognized across fields that he ultimately cared about more. he was always an anomaly. that is how it should be.
rebecca e. karl
history, nyu
originally appeared: https://networks.h-net.org/node/3544/discussions/1000288/memoriam-arif-dirlik-1940-2017
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ðə ˈfɑðər əv ˈwɛstərn ˈmɛdəsən, ˈhɪpəˌkreɪts, hæd səm ədˈvaɪs ɪn 400 ðət həz bɪn pæst daʊn tɪ təˈdeɪ: "ɪkˈstrim ˈrɛmədiz ər ˈvɛri əˈproʊpriˌeɪt fər ɪkˈstrim dɪˈzizɪz." ɛz ðə wərld rɪˈspɑndz tɪ ðɪs wiks ɪkˈstrim ənd ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd ˌdivæljuˈeɪʃən baɪ ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˈsɛntrəl bæŋk, ɪt saʊnz ɛz ɪf ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə gʊd ˈdɑktərz ədˈvaɪs. ənd waɪl ðə ˈɑbviəs ˌɪnˈtɛnt wɑz tɪ snæp ðə ʧaɪˈniz ɪˈkɑnəmi bæk tɪ hɛlθ, ðə ˈfraɪtənɪŋ θɪŋ ɪz ðət ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋz muv smæks əv ˌdɛspərˈeɪʃɪn. ðə ˈmɑdərn ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv ðət hɪpəˈkrætɪk ˈmæksəm ɪz: "ˈdɛspərɪt taɪmz kɔl fər ˈdɛspərɪt ˈmɛʒərz." ɛz ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˈkərənsi ənd wərld ˈmɑrkɪts tʊk ə daɪv, ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ənd treɪd ˈpɑrtnərz əraʊnd ðə wərld wər ˈæskɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz: "wət dɪz ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ noʊ ðət wi doʊnt?" ˈfɑlɪŋ ɔf ə klɪf. ʧaɪˈniz ˈkərənsi sɔ ˈbɪgəst wən deɪ dɪˈklaɪn ɪn ˈdɛkeɪdz. (ˈsiˌbiˈsi nuz) ɪts nɑt ðə fərst taɪm ðɪs jɪr ðət ˈʧaɪnə həz juzd strɔŋ ˈgəvərnmənt ˈækʃən tɪ traɪ tɪ ˈkaʊntərˌækt ˌɪˈnɪmɪkəl ˈmɑrkɪt ˈfɔrsɪz. ðɪs spərɪŋ, ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ ˌɪntərˈvind, wəns tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ stɑk ˈmɑrkɪts tɪ ɪnˈfleɪt, ənd ðɛn rɪˈpitɪdli ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ stɑp ðə ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl plənʤ wɪn ˈsævi ˈtreɪdərz ˈriəˌlaɪzd stɑks hæd bɪˈkəm ənˌriəˈlɪstɪkli haɪ. ðə ˈtrəbəl ɪz ðət ˈmɑrkɪts du nɑt laɪk waɪld swɪŋz. ənd ən ɪˈkɑnəmi ðət rikˈwaɪərz rɪˈpitɪd ˈrædɪkəl ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪz wən, laɪk ˈrəʃə, wɛr noʊ wən noʊz wət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt maɪt du nɛkst. ənˈtɪl ˈrisəntli, ðə fækt ðət ˈʧaɪnə wɑz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ bæk ɪts oʊn ɪˈkɑnəmi meɪd ɪt sim laɪk ə ʤaɪənt ˈaɪlənd əv stəˈbɪlɪti ɪn ə ˈvɑlətəl wərld. ɪn ðə ˈdɑrkəst deɪz əv ðə greɪt ˌriˈsɛʃən ˈæftər 2007 ˈʧaɪnə pəmpt ˈməni ˈɪntu ɪts ɪˈkɑnəmi baɪ ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ˈbɑroʊɪŋ ənd ˈkipɪŋ ðə rɛnˈmɪnbi ˈəndərˌvæljud. (ðə rɛnˈmɪnbi ɪz ðə əˈfɪʃəl neɪm əv ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˈkərənsi, ˈminɪŋ "ðə ˈpipəlz ˈkərənsi." juɑn ɪz ðə neɪm əv ə ˈjunɪt əv ðə rɛnˈmɪnbi.) ðə ˈwərldˈwaɪd dɪˈmænd fər kəˈmɑdətiz sɔrd ɛz ɪt simd ˈʧaɪnəz ˈbɪldɪŋ bum wʊd ˈnɛvər gɪt ɪˈnəf ˈkɑpər ər aɪərn. ɪts θərst fər ɔɪl simd unquenchable*. ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˈkərənsi bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈstrɛŋθən. bət naʊ ɔl ðət həz ʧeɪnʤd. ˈʧaɪnə həz bɪˈkəm ˈwərid ðət ɪts ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd ˈsɪtɪzənz meɪ hæv ˈbɑˌroʊd tu məʧ, ˈpʊʃɪŋ ˈprɑpərti ˈpraɪsɪz ˈɪntu ðə ˈstrætəsˌfɪr. naʊ ɪt sɪz ɪts ˈkərənsi ɪz tu haɪ. wɪθ ðɪs ˈleɪtəst ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən, ˈrəðər ðən ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪts ʧɪr, kəˈmɑdətiz sləmpt ˈivɪn ˈfərðər. ɔɪl, wɪʧ fər ə waɪl ðɪs wik simd tɪ bi rɪˈkəvərɪŋ əˈgɛn, hɪt frɛʃ loʊz fər ðə jɪr. wərld ˈmɑrkɪts fɛl, wɪθ ðə daʊ ənd ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈtrɪpəl- ər dɪˈklaɪnz ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ. ˈkænədəz fɛl. pɑrt əv ðə ˈtrəbəl ðɪs taɪm ɪz ðət ˈkɑnʃəsli jʊr ˈkərənsi ɪz ə ˈziroʊ səm geɪm. ə ˈʧipər ʧaɪˈniz juɑn meɪks ðə ˈkəntriz ˈɛkspɔrts ˈʧipər. bət ɪt hərts ɔl əv ˈʧaɪnəz treɪd ˈpɑrtnərz ənd kəmˈpɛtɪtərz. ənd ðɛr ər weɪz fər ˈpɑrtnərz ənd kəmˈpɛtɪtərz tɪ rɪˈtæliˌeɪt, ˈreɪzɪŋ fɪrz əv ə nu ˈkərənsi wɔr. ˈæftər jɪrz əv groʊθ, ˈʧaɪnəz ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪz ˈbɪgər ðən ɔl ˈəðər ˈkəntriz ɪkˈsɛpt fər ðə juz. noʊ ˈwəndər ɪts ˈækʃən kəmz ɛz ə ʃɑk tɪ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər wərld ɪˈkɑnəmi. ðɛr ər ˈsɪriəs kənˈsərnz ðə ˈsədən muv kʊd spɑrk ə nu ˈgloʊbəl raʊnd əv dɪˈfleɪʃən. ɛz ɪts ˈstæʧər gru ənd ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ əˈdɑptəd ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz əv ə ˈmɑrkɪt ɪˈkɑnəmi, ðə wərld əˈsumd ˈʧaɪnə wʊd traɪ tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl fɔrs. ðə ˈleɪtəst muv meɪ min ˈʧaɪnə ɪz nɑt ˈrɛdi fər ðət roʊl. səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ədˈvaɪs ənd ðə ˈifɛkt ɪz nɑt ʤɪst ɔn ˈgəvərnmənts. ɪn ðə wərld əv treɪd, wɛr ˈprɑfɪt ˈmɑrʤənz ər ˈnɛroʊ ənd dilz ər meɪd mənθs ɪn ədˈvæns, ə tu pər sɛnt ʃɪft ɪn ˈkərənsi ɪz ɪˈnəf tɪ teɪk ə ˈkəmpəˌni frəm ˈprɑfɪt tɪ lɔs. ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd ðə ˈkərənsi ʃɪft baɪ seɪɪŋ ðət ɪt wɔnts ðə fri ˈmɑrkɪt tɪ hæv ˈgreɪtər ˈɪnfluəns ɪn ˈsɛtɪŋ ðə praɪs əv ðə rɛnˈmɪnbi. sɪns ˈʧaɪnəz ˈsɛntrəl bæŋk sɛts ə ˈlɪmət əv ə tu pər sɛnt ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ðə ˈvælju əv ðə ˈkərənsi ɔn ˈɛni ˈtreɪdɪŋ deɪ, ɪf ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ ɪz ˈsɪriəs əˈbaʊt ˈlɛtɪŋ ðə ˈmɑrkɪt sɛt ˈkərənsi ˈpraɪsɪz, ðə plənʤ meɪ nɑt bi ˈoʊvər jɛt. moʊst ˈwəriɪŋ ɪz ðət ˈʧaɪnəz ˈlidərz hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ səm ˈvɛri səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ədˈvaɪs. sˈwɔrmɪŋ wɪθ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli treɪnd ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts, ðə ˈsɛntrəl bæŋk ənd ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈmɪnɪstri ˈsərtənli ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðɪs muv. ðeɪ wɛnt əˈhɛd ˈɛniˌweɪ. ˈʧaɪnəz ˈlidərz hæv rɪˈpitɪdli sɛd ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi rɪˈmeɪnz ˈhɛlθi, ɪf "sˈləgɪʃ." bət naʊ ðɪs meɪ ʃoʊ ðɛr ˈwərid ˈsəmθɪŋ wərs ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ. ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈwəriz hæv bɪˈkəm ˈkɑmənˌpleɪs ɪn ˈʧaɪnə, ə ˈkəntri ðət hæd simd laɪk ə ʤaɪənt ˈaɪlənd əv stəˈbɪlɪti ɪn ə ˈvɑlətəl wərld. ˈɪmɪʤɪz) ðət ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt bɪˈkəz ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈænəlɪsts hæv rɪˈpitɪdli sɛd ðət waɪl ʧaɪˈniz ˈpipəl meɪ bi dɪˈsætəsˌfaɪd wɪθ ˈmɛni θɪŋz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri, haɪ groʊθ reɪts hæv kɛpt dɪˈsɛnt ˈəndər kənˈtroʊl. ðɪs wik, ˈivɪn ˌbiˈfɔr ˈʧaɪnəz ˈkərənsi muv, ðə sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ brænʧ əv ðə juz. ˈsɛntrəl bæŋk ˈɪʃud ə rɪˈpɔrt ˈtaɪtəld ɪz ˈʧaɪnəz groʊθ ˈmɪrəkəl ˈoʊvər?, ˈwɔrnɪŋ ðə ˈeɪʒən ʤaɪənt meɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðə pæθ əv ðə sˈmɔlər ˈeɪʒən ˈtaɪgərz ɪˈkɑnəmiz laɪk ðoʊz ɪn saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə ər ˈtaɪˈwɑn ˈɪntu loʊər groʊθ. "wɪθ ən ˈeɪʤɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, sloʊɪŋ ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti groʊθ ənd ðə ˈpɑləsi əˈʤəstmənts rikˈwaɪərd tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ˈstrəkʧərəl rɪˈfɔrmz, groʊθ ɪz prɑˈʤɛktəd tɪ sloʊ ˈfərðər," sɪz ðə rɪˈpɔrts ˈɔθər zɛŋ lju. ənd waɪl ɪt wʊd bi ˈwəndərfəl ɪf ˈʧaɪnə kən ˌɪnˈdid ˈfɑloʊ ðə pæθ əv ʤəˈpæn ənd saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə ˈɪntu ˈmɪdəl klæs stəˈbɪlɪti, ɪt ɪz nɑt klɪr ðə weɪ wɪl bi ˈizi. ɪkˈspɛkt mɔr ˈrɛmədiz. ˈfɑloʊ dɑn ɔn tˈwɪtər æˈnælɪsɪs baɪ dɑn
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the father of western medicine, hippocrates, had some advice in 400 bc that has been passed down to today: "extreme remedies are very appropriate for extreme diseases."
as the world responds to this week's extreme and unexpected devaluation by the chinese central bank, it sounds as if beijing was taking the good doctor's advice. and while the obvious intent was to snap the chinese economy back to health, the frightening thing is that beijing's move smacks of desperation.
the modern equivalent of that hippocratic maxim is: "desperate times call for desperate measures." as the chinese currency and world markets took a dive, investors and trade partners around the world were asking themselves: "what does beijing know that we don't?"
falling off a cliff. chinese currency saw biggest one day decline in decades. (cbc news)
it's not the first time this year that china has used strong government action to try to counteract inimical market forces. this spring, beijing intervened, once to encourage stock markets to inflate, and then repeatedly in an attempt to stop the irresistible plunge when savvy traders realized stocks had become unrealistically high.
the trouble is that markets do not like wild swings. and an economy that requires repeated radical intervention is one, like russia, where no one knows what the government might do next.
until recently, the fact that china was willing to back its own economy made it seem like a giant island of stability in a volatile world. in the darkest days of the great recession after 2007, china pumped money into its economy by encouraging borrowing and keeping the renminbi undervalued. (the renminbi is the official name of the chinese currency, meaning "the people's currency." yuan is the name of a unit of the renminbi.)
the worldwide demand for commodities soared as it seemed china's building boom would never get enough copper or iron. its thirst for oil seemed unquenchable. the chinese currency began to strengthen.
but now all that has changed. china has become worried that its companies and citizens may have borrowed too much, pushing property prices into the stratosphere. now it says its currency is too high.
with this latest intervention, rather than making markets cheer, commodities slumped even further. oil, which for a while this week seemed to be recovering again, hit fresh lows for the year. world markets fell, with the dow and tsx facing triple- or double-digit declines on tuesday. canada's loonie fell.
part of the trouble this time is that consciously resetting your currency is a zero sum game. a cheaper chinese yuan makes the country's exports cheaper. but it hurts all of china's trade partners and competitors. and there are ways for partners and competitors to retaliate, raising fears of a new currency war.
after years of growth, china's economy is bigger than all other countries except for the u.s. no wonder its action comes as a shock to the entire world economy. there are serious concerns the sudden move could spark a new global round of deflation.
as its stature grew and beijing adopted the institutions of a market economy, the world assumed china would try to become a stabilizing global force. the latest move may mean china is not ready for that role.
sophisticated advice
and the effect is not just on governments. in the world of trade, where profit margins are narrow and deals are made months in advance, a two per cent shift in currency is enough to take a company from profit to loss.
beijing justified the currency shift by saying that it wants the free market to have greater influence in setting the price of the renminbi. since china's central bank sets a limit of a two per cent change in the value of the currency on any trading day, if beijing is serious about letting the market set currency prices, the plunge may not be over yet.
most worrying is that china's leaders have access to some very sophisticated advice. swarming with internationally trained economists, the central bank and finance ministry certainly realized the impact of this move. they went ahead anyway.
china's leaders have repeatedly said the economy remains healthy, if "sluggish." but now this may show they're worried something worse is happening.
economic worries have become commonplace in china, a country that had seemed like a giant island of stability in a volatile world. (str/afp/getty images)
that is important because economists and political analysts have repeatedly said that while chinese people may be dissatisfied with many things in the country, high growth rates have kept dissent under control.
this week, even before china's currency move, the san francisco branch of the u.s. central bank issued a report titled is china's growth miracle over?, warning the asian giant may follow the path of the smaller asian tigers — economies like those in south korea or taiwan — into lower growth.
"with an aging population, slowing productivity growth and the policy adjustments required to implement structural reforms, growth is projected to slow further," says the report's author zheng liu.
and while it would be wonderful if china can indeed follow the path of japan and south korea into middle class stability, it is not clear the way will be easy. expect more remedies.
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more analysis by don pittis
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ˈvɪdioʊ əv biɪŋ əˈbjuzd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˌiθiˈoʊpiən ˈɛmbəsi spɑrkt ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ ɪn ˈlɛbənən [ˈjuˌtub] ən ˌiθiˈoʊpiən dəˈmɛstɪk ˈwərkər ɪn ˈlɛbənən hu wɑz fɪlmd biɪŋ ˈfɪzɪkəli əˈbjuzd ɪn ˈpəblɪk həz kəˈmɪtɪd ˈsuɪˌsaɪd, ˈloʊkəl ˈmidiə hæv ˌriˈpɔrtəd. ðə ˈvɪdioʊ, fərst ɛrd baɪ ˈlɛbəˌniz ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl (lbci*) læst wik, kɔzd ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ baɪ ʃoʊɪŋ ə mæn əˈbjuzɪŋ əˈlɛm ɛz ʃi kraɪd ɔn ə strit ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˌiθiˈoʊpiən ˈɛmbəsi ɪn beɪˈrut. ðə mæn wɑz ʃoʊn ˈgræbɪŋ ənd ˈtɛlɪŋ hər, "gɪt ˈɪntu ðə kɑr" waɪl ʃi skrimd aʊt, "noʊ, noʊ, noʊ". əˈnəðər mæn ðɛn əˈsɪstɪd ɪn ˈdrægɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə bæk əv ə kɑr ɛz ʃi ˈstrəgəld tɪ rɪˈzɪst., ˌiθiˈoʊpiən ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkɑnsəl ɪn ˈlɛbənən, toʊld ðə ˈdeɪli stɑr ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ɪn beɪˈrut ðət kəˈmɪtɪd ˈsuɪˌsaɪd baɪ ˈhæŋɪŋ hərˈsɛlf ˈərli ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ æt ə ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk ˈhɑˌspɪtəl wɛr ʃi hæd bɪn ˈteɪkən ˈæftər ðə ˈɪnsədənt. toʊld ðə ˈdeɪli stɑr ðət hi hæd sin ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ɪn ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ənd ðət ʃi wɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ plænz tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ˌiθiˈoʊpiə. 'ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪʃu' ˈæftər ðə ˈvɪdioʊ wɑz ɛrd, juzd ðə ˈlaɪsəns pleɪt ˈnəmbər tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðə mæn. mæn] traɪd tɪ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ hɪz ækt baɪ dɪˈnaɪɪŋ ðət hi bit hər. hi strɛst ðət ðə ˈwərkər traɪd tɪ kəˈmɪt ˈsuɪˌsaɪd mɔr ðən wəns, ənd ðət hi traɪd ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ hər hjuˈmeɪnli, bət ʃi rɪfˈjuzd tɪ goʊ tɪ ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt fər deportation,”*,” ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn ɪts ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ˈæktɪvɪsts ɪn ˈlɛbənən, ˈaʊˌtreɪʤd baɪ ðə ˈvɪdioʊ, ˈpoʊstɪd ðə mænz ˈkɑnˌtækt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə saɪts ənd kɔld fər ˈækʃən əˈgɛnst ɪm. rɪˈpɔrts əv dəˈmɛstɪk ˈwərkər əˈbjuz ər ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd, wɪθ ˈmɛni əˈlɛʤədli lɑkt ɪn employers’*’ hoʊmz., ˈproʊˌgræm æt (ɪˈnəf) ˈvaɪələns ənd ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən, toʊld æl ʤəˈzirə ðət keɪs meɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˈskrutəni ˈɪntu ðə ˈprɑbləm. "ðɪs keɪs meɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˈɪʃu əv ˈmaɪgrənt dəˈmɛstɪk ˈwərkərz' ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪti tɪ əˈbjuz ɪn ˈlɛbənən, wɪʧ pʊts ðə hoʊl ˈsɪstəm ɪn kˈwɛʃən. ˈneɪmli, ðə ˈspɑnsərˌʃɪp ˈsɪstəm wɪʧ taɪz ðə dəˈmɛstɪk ˈwərkər tɪ wən ɪmˈplɔɪər ənd dɪz nɑt ˌgɛrənˈti hər ˈbeɪsɪk ˈjumən raɪts," sɛd. "wi hoʊp ðət ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu hər dɛθ wɪl dɪˈtərmən wət ˈhæpənd."
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video of dechasa being abused outside the ethiopian embassy sparked outrage in lebanon [youtube]
an ethiopian domestic worker in lebanon who was filmed being physically abused in public has committed suicide, local media have reported.
the video, first aired by lebanese broadcasting corporation international (lbci) last week, caused outrage by showing a man abusing alem dechasa as she cried on a street outside the ethiopian embassy in beirut.
the man was shown grabbing dechasa and telling her, "get into the car" while she screamed out, "no, no, no". another man then assisted in dragging dechasa into the back of a car as she struggled to resist.
asaminew debelie bonssa, ethiopian general consul in lebanon, told the daily star newspaper in beirut that dechasa committed suicide by hanging herself early on wednesday morning at a psychiatric hospital where she had been taken after the incident.
bonssa told the daily star that he had seen dechasa on saturday in the hospital and that she was making plans to return to ethiopia.
'larger issue'
after the video was aired, lbci used the car’s license plate number to identify the man.
“[the man] tried to justify his act by denying that he beat her. he stressed that the worker tried to commit suicide more than once, and that he tried dealing with her humanely, but she refused to go to the airport for deportation,” lbci reported on its website.
activists in lebanon, outraged by the video, posted the man's contact information on internet social media sites and called for action against him.
reports of domestic worker abuse are widespread, with many allegedly locked in employers’ homes.
rola abimourched, programme co-ordinator at kafa (enough) violence and exploitation, told al jazeera that dechasa's case may increase scrutiny into the problem.
"this case may indicate the larger issue of migrant domestic workers' vulnerability to abuse in lebanon, which puts the whole system in question. namely, the sponsorship system which ties the domestic worker to one employer and does not guarantee her basic human rights," abimourched said.
"we hope that an investigation into her death will determine what happened."
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ˈtərkɪʃ ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ʃaʊt sˈloʊgənz æt ðə ˈɛntrəns əv pɑrk ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 11 2013 ɪn ˌɪstɑnˈbul. [afp*] ˈtərkɪʃ raɪət pəˈlis ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ faɪərd ˈrəbər ˈbʊləts, tɪr gæs ənd ˈwɔtər ˈkænən tɪ dɪˈspərs ˈhənərdz əv ˈproʊˌtɛstərz traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈɛnər ən ˌɪstɑnˈbul skwɛr ðət wɑz ðə ˈkreɪdəl əv ˈdɛdli ənˈrɛst ðət ɪnˈgəlft ðə ˈkəntri ɪn ʤun. ðə pəˈlis muvd ɪn wɪn ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtərz ˈproʊˌtɛstɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd əˈgɛnst praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər muvd təˈwɔrd ˈnɪrˈbaɪ skwɛr. ðə skwɛr wɑz ðə ˈbərθˌpleɪs əv wiks əv ənˈrɛst ðət ˌɪˈrəptɪd θruaʊt ˈtərki ˈæftər pəˈlis ɔn meɪ 31 ˈbrutəli broʊk əp ə ˈpisfəl ðɛr əˈgɛnst ə ˈgəvərnmənt ˌridɪˈvɛləpmənt plæn fər əˈʤeɪsənt pɑrk. wiks əv ˈsɪvəl ənˈrɛst ˈfɑloʊd, ˈlivɪŋ faɪv ˈpipəl dɛd ənd səm ˈɪnʤərd, ənd prɪˈzɛntɪŋ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɪθ ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈʧælənʤ əv ɪts rul ənd ˈərnɪŋ ˈæŋkərə ʃɑrp rɪˈbjuk frəm ðə wɛst. pɑrk, wɪʧ wɑz kloʊzd ˈæftər pəˈlis ˈfɔrsəbli riˈmuvd ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ɔn ʤun 15 wɑz tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk æt ðə stɑrt əv ðə wik, bət ˈproʊˌtɛsts ðɛr rɪˈmeɪn proʊˈhɪbətəd. [ˈɪmɪʤ ˈviə ˈæʤəns france-presse*]
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turkish anti-government protesters shout slogans at the entrance of gezi park on july 11, 2013 in istanbul. [afp]
turkish riot police on saturday fired rubber bullets, tear gas and water cannon to disperse hundreds of protesters trying to enter an istanbul square that was the cradle of deadly unrest that engulfed the country in june.
the police moved in when demonstrators protesting in the city’s beyoglu neighbourhood against prime minister recep tayyip erdogan moved toward nearby taksim square.
the square was the birthplace of weeks of unrest that erupted throughout turkey after police on may 31 brutally broke up a peaceful sit-in there against a government redevelopment plan for adjacent gezi park.
weeks of civil unrest followed, leaving five people dead and some 8,000 injured, and presenting the country’s islamic-rooted government with the biggest challenge of its decade-plus-long rule and earning ankara sharp rebuke from the west.
gezi park, which was closed after police forcibly removed protesters on june 15, was re-opened to the public at the start of the week, but protests there remain prohibited.
[image via agence france-presse]
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kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ ˈʧɛrɪtiz ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈfɪrfəl əv ˈspikɪŋ aʊt ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈpipəl bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd juz əv ˈklɔzɪz ɪn ˈkɑnˌtrækts ənd əˈtæks baɪ ˈmɪnɪstərz ɔn ˈvɑləntɛri ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz' ˈfridəm əv ɪkˈsprɛʃən, ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri həz faʊnd. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈgəvərnmənt həz ˈprɑməst ə ˈbɪgər roʊl fər ˈʧɛrɪtiz ɪn prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvɪsɪz ɛz pɑrt əv ɪts "bɪg soʊˈsaɪɪti" ˈprɑʤɛkt, ɪt həz bɪˈkəm ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli kənˈtɛmpʧuəs əv ðoʊz prəˈvaɪdər ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ spik aʊt əˈgɛnst ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs ənd ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti, ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri sɪz. ɪts ˈʧɛrmən, sər ˈrɑʤər ˈsɪŋgəltən, ə ˈfɔrmər ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv əv ðə ˈʧɪldrənz ˈʧɛrɪti, sɛd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt məst teɪk ˈækʃən tɪ əˈphoʊld ˈvɑləntɛri ˈsɛktər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns: "wɪˈθaʊt ðɪs wi meɪ si ðə vɔɪs əv ðə ˈvəlnərəbəl ənd biɪŋ ˈsaɪlənst, dɪˈmɑkrəsi biɪŋ ɪˈroʊdɪd ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti ˌɪmˈpɑvrɪʃt." ˈʧɛrɪtiz toʊld ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ðeɪ fɛlt ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ˈpɑləsi ər spik aʊt ɔn məˈnɔrəti ˈɪʃuz æt ˈnæʃənəl ər ˈloʊkəl ˈlɛvəl bɪˈkəz ðeɪ fɪrd ˈluzɪŋ ˈkɑnˌtrækts ər ˈɪnfluəns. ˈmɛni wər bɪˈkəz ðeɪ fɪrd ˌrɛtrəˈbjuʃən frəm ˈfəndərz. "ˈoʊvərˌɔl, wi ˈsəˌspɛkt ðɛr ɪz ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ənˈwɪlɪŋnɪs tɪ spik truθ ˈəntu paʊər," ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɪz. ˈʧɛrɪtiz moʊst ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi əˈfɛktɪd wər sˈmɔlər ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ "ˌənˈpɑpjələr" ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤd grups ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈfɔrmər əˈfɛndərz, ˈpipəl wɪθ ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ nidz, drəg ˈæˌdɪkts, ˈhoʊmləs ˈpipəl, əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz, ənd ˈvɪktɪmz əv kraɪm. ðiz ˈʧɛrɪtiz ər moʊst dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn steɪt ˈfəndɪŋ ənd bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənətli beɪst ɪn dɪˈpraɪvd ˈɛriəz, ər moʊst ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ˈpəblɪk ˈfəndɪŋ kəts., wən əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ənd moʊst ˈpaʊərfəl ˈʧɛrɪtiz, wɪʧ dɪˈlɪvərz ə reɪnʤ əv ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvɪsɪz, ədˈmɪtəd ɪt nɑt prəˈsidəd wɪθ ə kəmˈpleɪnt əˈgɛnst ə ˈloʊkəl əˈθɔrəti ˈkɑnˌtræktər bɪˈkəz ɪt fɪrd ðət baɪ duɪŋ soʊ ɪt rɪskt ˈluzɪŋ ˈəðər ˈkɑnˌtrækts. ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɪz: ɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈʧɪlɪŋ ˈifɛkt əv ˈfəndɪŋ kəts, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ðə fɪr əv lɔs əv ˈfəndɪŋ, ənd lɔs əv kəˈpæsɪti bɪˈkəz əv ðə muv tɪ riˈstrɪktɪv ˈkɑnˌtrækt ˈfəndɪŋ. dɪˈrɛkt ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈkərɪŋ θru ˈklɔzɪz' ɪn ˈgəvərnmənt ˈkɑnˌtrækts." ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns əv ðə ˈvɑləntɛri ˈsɛktər wɑz biɪŋ θˈrɛtənd baɪ wət ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri sɪz ɪz ə groʊɪŋ bɪˈlif ɪn ˈgəvərnmənt ənd pɑrts əv ðə ˈmidiə ðət ˈʧɛrɪtiz rɪˈsivɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ˈfəndɪŋ ʃʊd nɑt bi əˈlaʊd tɪ kæmˈpeɪn. ðə rɪˈpɔrt noʊts ðət ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv kəmˈjunɪtiz ənd ˈloʊkəl ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər ədˈvaɪzd ˈloʊkəl əˈθɔrətiz tɪ stɑp ˈfəndɪŋ "feɪk ˈʧɛrɪtiz" ðət "ˈlɑbi ənd kɔl fər mɔr steɪt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ənd mɔr steɪt ˈfəndɪŋ". "ɪt ɪz raɪt ðət ˈʧɛrɪtiz ʃʊd ˈoʊnli pərˈsu kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ ər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ðɛr ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˈpərpəs, bət ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn ðət ˈkɑntɛkst tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst ənd kæmˈpeɪn ɪz ə ki ɪkˈsprɛʃən əv ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns əv ˈʧɛrɪtiz," ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɪz. "meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ə dɪˈvərsɪti əv ˈvɔɪsɪz, əˈspɛʃəli ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ðə moʊst ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤd ɪn ɑr soʊˈsaɪɪti, ɪz ˈvaɪtəl tɪ ə ˈhɛlθi dɪˈmɑkrəsi." ˈspikɪŋ ɔn ˌbibiˈsi ˈreɪdiˌoʊ təˈdeɪ ˈproʊˌgræm ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ðə ˈmɪnɪstər fər ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti, nɪk hərd, sɛd hi dɪd nɑt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðə ˈpɪkʧər ˈpeɪnɪd baɪ ðə rɪˈpɔrt. hi ˈsəbsəkwəntli tweeted*: "ʤɪst ɔn ˈdəbəlju/ 2 dɪˈskəs ˈwɛðər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns əv ˈʧɛrɪtiz ɪz ˈəndər θrɛt. ɪt ɪz nɑt." ˈgɛrɪθ ˈtɑməs, ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈmɪnɪstər fər ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti, sɛd ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈtælid wɪθ ˈmɛni ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz hi hæd hæd wɪθ ˈʧɛrɪtiz. "ə ˈklaɪmɪt əv fɪr ɪgˈzɪsts ɪn səm pɑrts əv ðə θərd ˈsɛktər," hi sɛd. "fər ðə hɛlθ əv dɪˈmɑkrəsi ɪt nidz tɪ bi ˈsɔrtɪd ɛz ə ˈmætər əv ˈərʤənsi." ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɑz əˈmɛndɪd ɔn 25 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2013 bɪˈkəz ðə ərˈɪʤənəl rɪˈfərd tɪ nɑt prəˈsidɪŋ wɪθ ə kəmˈpleɪnt əˈgɛnst ə ˈpraɪvət ˈkɑnˌtræktər; ə ˈloʊkəl əˈθɔrəti ˈkɑnˌtræktər, ɪt ʃʊd hæv sɛd.
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campaigning charities are increasingly fearful of speaking out on behalf of vulnerable people because of the widespread use of gagging clauses in contracts and attacks by ministers on voluntary organisations' freedom of expression, an independent inquiry has found.
although the coalition government has promised a bigger role for charities in providing public services as part of its "big society" project, it has become increasingly contemptuous of those provider organisations which also speak out against injustice and inequality, the inquiry says.
its chairman, sir roger singleton, a former chief executive of the children's charity barnardo's, said the government must take action to uphold voluntary sector independence: "without this we may see the voice of the vulnerable and marginalised being silenced, democracy being eroded and society impoverished."
charities told the inquiry they felt increasingly unable to challenge policy or speak out on minority issues at national or local level because they feared losing contracts or influence. many were self-censoring because they feared retribution from funders. "overall, we suspect there is an increasing unwillingness to speak truth unto power," the report says.
charities most likely to be affected were smaller organisations working with "unpopular" disadvantaged groups including former offenders, people with mental health needs, drug addicts, homeless people, asylum seekers, and victims of crime. these charities are most dependent on state funding and because they are disproportionately based in deprived areas, are most likely to be affected by public funding cuts.
barnardo's, one of the uk's biggest and most powerful charities, which delivers a range of public services, admitted it not proceeded with a complaint against a local authority contractor because it feared that by doing so it risked losing other contracts.
the report says: "self-censorship is increasing because of the chilling effect of funding cuts, particularly the fear of loss of funding, and loss of capacity because of the move to restrictive contract funding. direct censorship is also occurring through 'gagging clauses' in government contracts."
the independence of the voluntary sector was being threatened by what the inquiry says is a growing belief in government and parts of the media that charities receiving public funding should not be allowed to campaign.
the report notes that the department of communities and local government in december advised local authorities to stop funding "fake charities" that "lobby and call for more state regulation and more state funding".
"it is right that charities should only pursue campaigning or political activities in support of their charitable purpose, but it is also important in that context to recognise their ability to protest and campaign is a key expression of the independence of charities," the report says. "maintaining a diversity of voices, especially on behalf of the most disadvantaged in our society, is vital to a healthy democracy."
speaking on bbc radio 4's today programme on tuesday morning, the minister for civil society, nick hurd, said he did not recognise the picture painted by the report.
he subsequently tweeted: "just bn on @bbcr4today w/ @civilexchange 2 discuss whether independence of charities is under threat. it is not."
gareth thomas, the shadow minister for civil society, said the report tallied with many conversations he had had with charities. "a climate of fear exists in some parts of the third sector," he said. "for the health of democracy it needs to be sorted as a matter of urgency."
• this article was amended on 25 january 2013 because the original referred to barnardo's not proceeding with a complaint against a private contractor; a local authority contractor, it should have said.
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ə ˈtɛrərɪst əˈtɛmptəd tɪ stæb ən ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈsoʊlʤər ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun nɪr tuqu*' ɪn ðə wɛst bæŋk ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ ʃɑt ənd kɪld baɪ sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈfɔrsɪz æt ðə sin. noʊ ˈəðər ˈɪnʤəriz wər kɔzd. ˈfɑloʊ ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd tˈwɪtər ðə ˈɪnsədənt ɪz ðə fɔrθ əˈtɛmptəd ˈstæbɪŋ tɪ hæv ˈteɪkən pleɪs ɪn ðə wɛst bæŋk wɪˈθɪn ə wik ənd ə hæf, ˈpʊtɪŋ ən ɛnd tɪ ə kəmˈpærətɪv ˈpɪriəd əv kwaɪət. ˈtɛrərɪst kɪld ɛks sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈfɔrsɪz ərʤd ˈrɛzɪdənts əv ˈnɪrˈbaɪ tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðə ˈɛriə ɪn ðə nɛkst aʊər ɛz ðeɪ sild ɪt ɔf tɪ ˈɛni ˈtræfɪk. ðə ˈtɛrərɪst wɑz ˈleɪtər aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz moʊˈhɑmɛd huˈseɪn frəm tuqu*'. səm 200 ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz ˈgæðərd æt ðə sin əv ən əˈtɛmptəd ˈstæbɪŋ ənd bɪˈgæn θroʊɪŋ stoʊnz æt ˈfɔrsɪz. ðə trups rɪˈspɑndɪd wɪθ gæs. ə əˈgoʊ, ən əˈtɛmptəd viˈhɪkjələr əˈtæk tʊk pleɪs æt ðə seɪm spɑt wɪʧ ˈɛndɪd ɪn wən ˈsoʊlʤər səˈsteɪnd laɪt wundz. əˈtɛmptəd ˈstæbɪŋ ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, θri ˈsoʊlʤərz wər ˈlaɪtli ˈwundɪd ɪn ə viˈhɪkjələr əˈtæk ˈæftər ə ˈtɛrərɪst əˈtɛmptəd tɪ plaʊ hɪz kɑr ˈɪntu ə grup əv fɔr ˈsteɪʃənd æt ðə ˈɛntrəns əv beɪt einun*, ə ˌpælɪˈstɪniən ˈvɪlɪʤ ɪn ˈhɛˌbrɔn nɔrθ əv ˌkɪˈrjɑt ˈɑrbə. tu əv ðə ˈvɪktɪmz wər ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd tɪ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsɛnər waɪl əˈnəðər wɑz ˈtritɪd æt ðə sin baɪ ˌpɛrəˈmɛdɪks fər slaɪt ˈɪnʤəriz. naɪf juzd ɪn ðə əˈtæk (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈjunɪt) ˈɪzriəl həz bɪn ɔn haɪ əˈlərt fər pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈtɛrər əˈtæks ɪn laɪt əv ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ raɪəts ənd ˈproʊˌtɛsts əˈgɛnst ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ˌɪnˈstɔl ˈmɛtəl dɪˈtɛktərz æt ðə ˈɛntrəns tɪ ðə ˈtɛmpəl maʊnt ɪn ʤərˈusələm ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə ˈdɛdli ˈtɛrər əˈtæk læst wik. pərˈpɛrɪŋ fər mɔr ˌɪˈrəpʃənz əv ˈvaɪələns, ðə sɛd ˈθərzˌdeɪ faɪv bəˈtæljənz hæv bɪn pʊt ɪn ðə wɛst bæŋk ɪn keɪs ˈtɛnʧənz ˈhaɪtənd ɔn ðə ˈtɛmpəl maʊnt.
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a terrorist attempted to stab an idf female soldier thursday afternoon near tuqu' in the west bank before being shot and killed by security forces at the scene. no other injuries were caused.
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the incident is the fourth attempted stabbing to have taken place in the west bank within a week and a half, putting an end to a
comparativeriod of quiet.
terrorist killed
x
security forces urged residents of tekoa nearby to avoid the area in the next hour as they sealed it off to any traffic.
the terrorist was later identified as 20-year-old mohammad hussein al-tanuh from tuqu'.
some 200 palestinians gathered at the scene of an attempted stabbing and began throwing stones at idf forces. the troops responded with gas.
a week-and-a-half ago, an attempted vehicular attack took place at the same spot which ended in one soldier sustained light wounds.
attempted stabbing
on tuesday, three idf soldiers were lightly wounded in a vehicular attack after a terrorist attempted to plow his car into a group of four stationed at the entrance of beit einun, a palestinian village in hebron north of kiryat arba.
two of the victims were evacuated to shaare zedek medical center while another was treated at the scene by paramedics for slight injuries.
knife used in the attack (photo: idf spokesperson's unit)
israel has been on high alert for potential terror attacks in light of ongoing riots and protests against the decision to install metal detectors at the entrance to the temple mount in jerusalem in response to a deadly terror attack last week.
preparing for more eruptions of violence, the idf said thursday five battalions have been put on-call in the west bank in case tensions heightened on the temple mount.
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ɪn ə ˈwərkɪŋ ˈpeɪpər prəˈvaɪdɪd tɪ goodgawdanotherblog*, prəˈfɛsər ˈwɔltər ˈmɛbən kənˈkludz ðət hɪz ɪˈlɛkʃən frɔd ˌdaɪəgˈnɑstɪks ˈproʊdus ˈɛvədəns ðət ˈɛni frɔdz occurred”*” ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈeɪprəl 19 2016 ˈpraɪˌmɛri bɪtˈwin ˈfɔrmər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ənd ˈsɛnətər ˈbərni ˈsændərz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə mixture”*” stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˈmɑdəl juzd, ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðɛr ɪz ˈɛvədəns ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər ðət lɑrʤ ər ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd frɔdz occurred.”*.” ðə ˈfaɪˌnaɪt ˈmɪksʧər ˈmɑdəl ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli prəˈdusɪz səm ˌæmbɪˈgjuəti, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ənd ˈkænɑt kæʧ ɔl kaɪnz əv pəˈtɛnʃəl frɔd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ prəˈfɛsər ˈmɛbən. ɛz pɑrt əv ən ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈɛfərt tɪ teɪk ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv ɪˈlɛkʃən frɔd ˈsɪriəsli, wɪˈθaʊt ˈsɪmpli əkˈsɛptɪŋ ər dɪsˈmɪsɪŋ ðɛm əp frənt, aɪ əˈproʊʧt tu ɪˈlɛkʃənz stəˈtɪstɪks prəˈfɛsərz ˈpriviəsli kənˈsəltɪd baɪ ɪn ðɛr ˈɛfərt tɪ səs aʊt pəˈtɛnʃəl ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈhækɪŋ əv ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpraɪˌmɛri ɪn saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ɪn 2010 prəˈfɛsər ˈmɛbən ənd əˈsɪstənt prəˈfɛsər ˈmaɪkəl ʤi. ˈmɪlər kənˈkludɪd ɪn 2010 ðət ðə saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə rɪˈzəlts ʃoʊd ˈɛvədəns əv səbˈstænʃəl frɔd tɪ ə 90 dɪˈgri əv ˈsərtənti. waɪl prəˈfɛsər ˈmɛbən pləgd ˈdætə ˈɪntu hɪz ˈfaɪˌnaɪt ˈmɪksʧər ˈmɑdəl, ˈmɪlər əˈplaɪd ðə seɪm lɔ tɛst juzd ənd ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn baɪ ɪn 2010 maɪ dɪˈskəʃən wɪθ ˈmɪlər, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈɛndɪd wɪθ ə bɪˈzɑr ˈsɪriz əv ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz ˈlɛvəld baɪ ˈmɪlər əˈgɛnst mi ɪn iˈmeɪl ðɛn ɔn tˈwɪtər: ˈɔθər əv ðɪs pis ʃʊd nɑt bi ə journalist,”*,” ˈmɪlər ˈsteɪtɪd, ənd ɪz noʊ ˈɛvədəns əv frɔd ɪn ðɪs ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn ðə ˈdætə aɪ hæv dəg ɪz b-squad.”*.” fər ˈɛniˌwən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn səʧ mundanity*, ˈrəðər ðən goʊɪŋ ɪn tɪt fər tæt wɪθ prəˈfɛsər ɛz ˈmoʊstli stɪl ˈprɛzənt ɔn hɪz ˈrisənt ˈtaɪmlaɪn, aɪ hæv ˈpoʊstɪd ðə fʊl iˈmeɪl ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ðət lɛd tɪ ɪm ˈteɪkɪŋ hɪz bɔl əv stæts ənd ˈlivɪŋ ðə ˈpleɪˌgraʊnd. æt ɪts hɑrt, ðə ˈfaɪˌnaɪt ˈmɪksʧər ˈmɑdəl ˈjuzɪz səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˌfɔrmjuˈleɪʃənz tɪ ˈmɛʒər ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈaʊtˌkəmz ˈvərsəz ən ɪkˈspɛktɪd ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən beɪst ɔn dɪˈteɪld ˈdætə əv ˈvoʊtər ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃənz ənd ˈkænədɪt rɪˈzəlts æt ðə sˈmɔləst ˈlɛvəl, ɪn ðɪs keɪs nu jɔrk ɪˈlɛkʃənz ˈdɪstrɪkts. wɛr rɪˈzəlts mit ðə ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən əv ə ˈfɛrli ˈivɪn ənd prɪˈdɪktəbəl ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv voʊts əˈkrɔs ˈpriˌsɪŋkts ər ˈdɪstrɪkts, ðeɪ ər tərmd ““unimodal.”*.” nu jɔrk rɪˈzəlts ər, ɔlˈtərnətɪvli, ““multi-modal.”*.” rɪˈzəlts ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðɛr ɪz səm tɪ candidates’*’ ɪkˈspɛktɪd voʊt ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən, bət ðə ˈmɑdəl bɪldz rum fər ə ˈlɛvəl əv ˌæmbɪˈgjuəti əˈlaʊɪŋ fər rɪˈzəlts ɪn ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz wɛr, fər ˈɪnstəns, strəˈtiʤɪk ˈvoʊtɪŋ ər ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd gɪt aʊt ðə voʊt ˈɛfərts meɪ ˈproʊdus ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd ˈaʊtˌkəmz. fju ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz əv ‘‘frauds’*’ ðət ðə ˈmɑdəl gives,”*,” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ kənˈkluʒən, ˈrɛdəli ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɛz du tɪ strəˈtiʤɪk bɪˈheɪvjər, moʊst ˈlaɪkli strəˈtiʤɪk bɪˈheɪvjər ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈspɛʃəli koʊˈɔrdəneɪtɪd ˌmoʊbələˈzeɪʃənz tɪ ˈtərˌnaʊt ənd vote.”*.” ðə ki ˈmɛʒərmənt ɪz faʊnd ɪn ðə fɑr raɪt hænd ˈkɑləm əv ðə ʧɑrt, frəm ˈwərkɪŋ ˈpeɪpər, ɛz ˌriprəˈdust hir: ˈrəðər ðən ˈweɪdɪŋ ˈɪntu ɔl əv ðə stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˈditeɪlz əv ðə ʧɑrt, ðə ki ˈkɑləmz fər ˈjuˈɛs ər ðə fɑr lɛft ˈkɑləm (baɪ kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈdɪstrɪkt, ər ˈsiˈdi, ɛz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti) ənd ðə fɑr raɪt hænd ˈkɑləm. wɛr ˈfɪgjərz ɪn ðə raɪt ˈkɑləm riʧ 015 ər ˈgreɪtər, ˈmɛbən kənˈkludz ðət səbˈstænʃəl frɔd ɪz ˈhaɪli ˈlaɪkli tɪ hæv əˈkərd, bət əv ðə paɪ ˈvæljuz ɪn ˈteɪbəl 2 ər riˈmoʊtli ɛz lɑrʤ ɛz that.”*.” (maɪ ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrm wɪl nɑt əˈlaʊ mi tɪ ˈprɑpərli ðə ““i”*” ənd ““e”*” ɪn paɪ .) ˈnoʊtəbli, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈvælju baɪ fɑr ɪn ðə fɑr raɪt hænd ˈkɑləm ɪz fər kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈdɪstrɪkt 9 wɪʧ ɪz ˈhoʊli ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ˈbrʊklɪn. wɛr moʊst ˈəðər rɪˈzəlts ər ˈɔrdərz əv ˈmægnəˌtud bɪˈloʊ 015 ənd ˈoʊnli wən (ˈsiˈdi 8 ɪn kwinz) ɪz ˈivɪn 20 əv ðə weɪ tɪ ə 015 rɪˈzəlt, ˈsiˈdi 9 meɪks ɪt ˈoʊvər 60 əv ðə weɪ ðɛr. aɪ ˈfɑloʊd əp wɪθ prəˈfɛsər ˈmɛbən tɪ æsk ˈwɛðər ðət rɪˈzəlt kʊd bi ˈkæpʧərɪŋ ðə ˈɪnfəməs pərʤ əv mɔr ðən ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈvoʊtərz ɪn ˈbrʊklɪn ðət həz bɪn ðə ˈpɑrʃəl ˈtərgət əv ən ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈʤəstɪs ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ˈlɔˌsut ənd həz sin tu ˈbrʊklɪn bɔrd əv əˈfɪʃəlz rɪˈlivd əv ˈduti wɪˈθaʊt peɪ. fækts bi bad,”*,” prəˈfɛsər ˈmɛbən rɪˈplaɪd. ˈfaɪˌnaɪt ˈmɪksʧər ˈmɑdəl ɪz ʤɪst ə ˈmɑdəl. əˈnəðər ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən əv ɪt ðət ˈrɪtən əˈbaʊt ɪz ðət ˌɪnˈsɛnsɪtɪv tɪ ˈmɛni ˈpætərnz əv ˈvoʊtər səˈprɛʃən. ɪf ðə ˈvoʊtər pərʤ dɪd ðət, ðə ˈifɛkts maɪt nɑt ʃoʊ əp ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl estimates.”*.” aɪ æm kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ kəmˈplitɪŋ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz baɪ tu ˈəðər ˈævəˌnuz ˈɪntu pəˈtɛnʃəl frɔd, laɪk ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəl ˈvoʊtər səˈprɛʃən, ðət kʊd əˈvɔɪd dɪˈtɛkʃən baɪ ðə ˈfaɪˌnaɪt ˈmɪksʧər ˈmɑdəl. aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈɑrtɪkəl rɪˈleɪtɪŋ tɪ ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈvoʊtər ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən haɪ ʤɪŋks ɪn ðə nɛkst wik ənd ə hæf. ðə ˈtɑpɪk ˈəndər kənˈtɛnʃən wɪθ ˈmɪlər, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪl teɪk ə fɛr bɪt ˈlɔŋgər fər mi tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ ɔn. aɪ æm əˈweɪtɪŋ ki ˈdætə rɪkˈwɛstɪd ˈəndər nu ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən lɔ. noʊt: prəˈfɛsər ˈmɛbən ˌɪnˈtɛndz tɪ juz ðə məˈtɪriəl ɪn hɪz ˈwərkɪŋ ˈpeɪpər ɛz ə pɑrt əv əˈnəðər ˌækəˈdɛmɪk pis hi ɪz pərˈpɛrɪŋ bət həz sɛd hi wʊd hoʊst ɪt ɔn hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ɪf ðɛr tərnz aʊt tɪ bi səˈfɪʃənt ˈɪntəˌrɛst. ˌstætɪˈstɪʃənz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ðə ˈdætə pləgd ˈɪntu ðə ˈfaɪˌnaɪt ˈmɪksʧər ˈmɑdəl ənd juzd fər ðə əˈbɔrtɪd lɔ tɛst rɪˈzəlts ʃʊd iˈmeɪl mi æt djjohnso@yahoo.com*. ðoʊz ˈwɪʃɪŋ tɪ riʧ mi mɔr sɪˈkjʊrli kʊd sɛnd mi ən ɪnˈkrɪptɪd ˈmɛsɪʤ æt ən ˈɔltərˌneɪt ˈæˌdrɛs.
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in a working paper provided to goodgawdanotherblog, professor walter mebane concludes that his well-regarded election fraud diagnostics produce “scant evidence that any frauds occurred” in new york city during the april 19, 2016 primary between former secretary of state hillary clinton and senator bernie sanders. according to the “finite mixture” statistical model used, furthermore, there is “no evidence whatsoever that large or widespread frauds occurred.” the finite mixture model necessarily produces some ambiguity, however, and cannot catch all kinds of potential fraud, according to professor mebane.
as part of an ongoing effort to take allegations of election fraud seriously, without simply accepting or dismissing them up front, i approached two elections statistics professors previously consulted by fivethirtyeight in their effort to suss out potential electronic hacking of a democratic primary in south carolina in 2010. professor mebane and assistant professor michael g. miller concluded in 2010 that the south carolina results showed evidence of substantial fraud to a 90% degree of certainty.
while professor mebane plugged data into his finite mixture model, miller applied the same benford’s law test used and reported on by fivethirtyeight in 2010. my discussion with miller, however, ended with a bizarre series of accusations leveled by miller against me in email then on twitter: “the author of this piece should not be a journalist,” miller stated, and “there is no evidence of fraud in this election in the data i have analyzed…also doug is b-squad.” for anyone interested in such mundanity, rather than going in tit for tat with professor miller’s tweets as mostly still present on his recent timeline, i have posted the full email exchange that led to him taking his ball of stats and leaving the playground.
at its heart, the finite mixture model uses sophisticated statistical formulations to measure voting outcomes versus an expected distribution based on detailed data of voter registrations and candidate results at the smallest level, in this case new york city’s 5,217 elections districts. where results meet the model’s expectation of a fairly even and predictable distribution of votes across precincts or districts, they are termed “unimodal.” new york city’s results are, alternatively, “multi-modal.”
multimodal results indicate that there is some unevenness to candidates’ expected vote distribution, but the model builds room for a level of ambiguity allowing for multi-modal results in situations where, for instance, strategic voting or concentrated get out the vote efforts may produce otherwise unexpected outcomes. “the few indications of ‘frauds’ that the model gives,” according to mebane’s conclusion, “are readily interpreted as due to strategic behavior, most likely strategic behavior involving specially coordinated mobilizations to turnout and vote.” the key measurement is found in the far right hand column of the chart, from mebane’s working paper, as reproduced here:
rather than wading into all of the statistical details of the chart, the key columns for us are the far left column (by congressional district, or cd, as represented in new york city) and the far right hand column. where figures in the right column reach .015 or greater, mebane concludes that substantial fraud is highly likely to have occurred, but “[n]one of the pi + pe values in table 2 are remotely as large as that.” (my publishing platform will not allow me to properly subscript the “i” and “e” in pi + pe.)
notably, however, the largest value by far in the far right hand column is for congressional district 9, which is wholly located in brooklyn. where most other results are orders of magnitude below .015 and only one (cd 8 in queens) is even 20% of the way to a .015 result, cd 9 makes it over 60% of the way there.
i followed up with professor mebane to ask whether that result could be capturing the infamous purge of more than 100,000 democratic voters in brooklyn that has been the partial target of an election justice usa lawsuit and has seen two brooklyn board of election’s officials relieved of duty without pay. “more facts be bad,” professor mebane replied. “the finite mixture model is just a model. another limitation of it that i’ve written about is that it’s insensitive to many patterns of voter suppression. if the voter purge did that, the effects might not show up in the model estimates.”
i am committed to completing investigations by two other avenues into potential fraud, like intentional voter suppression, that could avoid detection by the finite mixture model. i expect to publish a critical article relating to democratic voter registration high jinks in the next week and a half. the topic under contention with miller, however, will take a fair bit longer for me to publish on. i am awaiting key data requested under new york’s freedom of information law.
note: professor mebane intends to use the material in his working paper as a part of another academic piece he is preparing but has said he would host it on his personal website if there turns out to be sufficient interest. statisticians interested in the data plugged into the finite mixture model and used for the aborted benford’s law test results should email me at djjohnso@yahoo.com. those wishing to reach me more securely could send me an encrypted message at an alternate address.
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aɪ hæv ʤɪst rɪˈtərnd frəm ðə ˈænjuəl ˈkɑnfərəns ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. ðɪs wɑz ˈoʊnli maɪ ˈkɑnfərəns; ðə fərst wən aɪ əˈtɛndəd wɑz ɪn 2008 ɪn ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ. ðɛr wər ˈmɛni fəˈmɪljər ˈfeɪsɪz; səm əv hum aɪ hæd ˈpriviəsli mɛt ənd səm aɪ ˈoʊnli nu baɪ ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən. ðə mud simd rɪˈmɑrkəbli ˈkɑmər ðən ɪn 2008 ðət jɪr, ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz wər ʤɪst ˈkəmɪŋ daʊn frəm ˈrɛkərd haɪz, ə pɛr əv ˈhərəˌkeɪnz wər ˈkɔzɪŋ spɑt ˈgæsəˌlin ˈʃɔrtɪʤɪz, ənd ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi wɑz ˈhɛdɪd ˈɪntu ðə ˈtɔɪlət. ðə ˈʤɛnərəl mud wɑz ðət θɪŋz wər ˈræpədli ənˈrævəlɪŋ. θri jɪrz ˈleɪtər, ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈaʊˌtlʊk ˈrɪli ˈɛni ˈdɪfərənt, bət aɪ θɪŋk səm hu prɪˈdɪktɪd ˈɪmənənt dum ər ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðɛr vjuz ɔn haʊ θɪŋz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ pleɪ aʊt. aɪ ˈnoʊtɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ wən əv maɪ tɔks ðət aɪ ˈivɪn laɪk ðə freɪz oil.”*.” ðət ɪz bɪˈkəz ðɛr ər ə ˈnəmbər əv mɪskənˈsɛpʃənz ənd ˈnɛgətɪv ˌkɑnəˈteɪʃənz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ɪt. aɪ prɪˈfər tɪ tɔk ɪn tərmz əv ˈrisɔrs dɪˈpliʃən ənd ə ɪmˈbæləns ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ˈməltəpəl ˈɛləmənts ɔl əv wɪʧ ˈkɑmbaɪn tɪ kip ˈəpwərd ˈprɛʃər ɔn ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz. soʊ wət ər ðoʊz mɪskənˈsɛpʃənz əˈbaʊt pik ɔɪl? bɪˈloʊ ər ðə wənz ðət aɪ θɪŋk ər moʊst ˈkɑmən. mɪskənˈsɛpʃən 1 pik ɔɪl ˈrənɪŋ aʊt əv ɔɪl ðɪs wən ɪz ˈʃʊrli ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən. ˈmɛni ˈɑrtɪkəlz ðət sik tɪ dɪˈbəŋk ðə ˈnoʊʃən əv pik ɔɪl stɑrt wɪθ ðət ˈprɛmɪs, ənd ðɛn rɪˈspɑnd baɪ ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪŋ ˈəðər hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈɪnstənsɪz wɛr ˈsəmˌwən ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl səˈʤɛstɪd ðət wi kʊd bi ˈrənɪŋ aʊt əv ɔɪl. ɪn fækt, ˈɛniˌwən kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt pik ɔɪl wɪl ˈrɛdəli ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðət wi ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi prəˈdusɪŋ ɔɪl fər ə ˈvɛri lɔŋ taɪm, ənd wɪn wi stɑp ðɛr ɪz stɪl goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə lɔt əv ɔɪl lɛft ɪn ðə graʊnd. soʊ wət ðɛn ɪz ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv pik ɔɪl? ɪn ɪts ˈsɪmpləst fɔrm, pik ɔɪl minz ðət ʤɪst ɛz ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts pikt ɪn 1970 ənd bɪˈgæn tɪ dɪˈklaɪn, soʊ ʃæl ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld. wəns ju gɪt pæst ðət ˈbeɪsɪk ˈprɛmɪs wən ɪn wɪʧ ðɛr ɪz əˈgrimənt wəns ˈpipəl ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ɪz wət ju min wɪn ju seɪ oil”*” ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt əˈpɪnjənz əv ɪgˈzæktli haʊ ɪˈvɛnts wɪl ənˈfoʊld. mɪskənˈsɛpʃən 2 pik ɔɪl bɪˈlifs ər ˌhoʊməˈʤiniəs ðə bɪˈlifs əˈməŋ ˈpipəl hu ər kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ˈrisɔrs dɪˈpliʃən ˈkəvər ə waɪd spæn. ðɛr ər ðoʊz hu bɪˈliv ðət ə pik ɪz ˈɪmənənt, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk dɪˈklaɪn. ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðɪs grup ər ˈpipəl hu hæv ˈvoʊkəli ənd (tɪ ðɪs pɔɪnt) ˈrɔŋli prɪˈdɪktɪd deɪts ənd ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv pik ɔɪl. ðiz ər ðə ril ˈtɑrgəts əv ðoʊz hu kleɪm ðət pik ɔɪl ɪz ˈnɑnsɛns. wət ðeɪ ˈrɪli min bət pərˈhæps seɪ du tɪ mɪskənˈsɛpʃənz əˈbaʊt pik ɔɪl bɪˈlifs ɪz ðət ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈɪmənənt, ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk dɪˈklaɪn ɪz ˈnɑnsɛns. bət ðət ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɛz ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət pik ɔɪl ɪz ˈnɑnsɛns. bət ðɛr ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpipəl hu bɪˈliv pik ɔɪl wɪl ˌɪˈnɛvətəbli lɛd tɪ ˈklinər ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts, ˈkloʊzər kəmˈjunɪtiz, ənd ˈhɛlθiər fud. ðɛn ðɛr ər ðoʊz hu bɪˈliv ðət pik ɔɪl wɪl lɛd tɪ ə ˈdərtiər ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ɛz wi bɪˈkəm mɔr ˈdɛspərɪt fər ˈɛnərʤi ənd tərn tɪ mɔr ɔɪl sændz ənd koʊl tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ ɔɪl səˈplaɪz. ðɛr ər ˈpipəl hu bɪˈliv pik ɔɪl wɪl bi ə ˈmaɪnər ˌɪnkənˈvinjəns bɪˈkəz ðɛr ər ˈplɛnti əv ˈsɔrsəz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ ɔɪl. ənd ðɛr ər ðoʊz hu bɪˈliv ˈsərtən ˈɛləmənts əv ɔl əv ðə əˈbəv. mɪskənˈsɛpʃən 3 pik ɔɪl ɪz ə ˈθɪri ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkɑmən əˈməŋ ðoʊz ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈɑrtɪkəlz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ dɪˈbəŋk pik ɔɪl tɪ rɪˈfər tɪ ðə ɔɪl theory.”*.” ɛz ɪn ðə ˈpriviəs ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðɪs peɪnts wɪθ ə ˈvɛri brɔd brəʃ. wɪn ˈsəmˌwən dɪˈskraɪbz pik ɔɪl ɛz ə ˈθɪri, wət ðeɪ ər ˈrɪli rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ɪz ðə bɪˈlif ðət ə pərˈdəkʃən pik ɪz boʊθ ˈɪmənənt ənd ðə rɪˈzəlts ˈprɑməs tɪ bi ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk. aɪ daʊt ðə məˈʤɔrəti vju, ənd aɪ wʊd ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðət ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈpipəl ˈhoʊldɪŋ ðət vju həz dɪˈklaɪnd ˈoʊvər ðə pæst faɪv jɪrz ɛz səm əv ðə ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk sɪˈnɛrioʊz feɪld tɪ məˈtɪriəˌlaɪz ɔn ˈskɛʤʊl. bət pik ɔɪl ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz ən ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən, nɑt ə ˈθɪri. mɪskənˈsɛpʃən 4 pik ɔɪl wɑz drimd əp baɪ bɪg ɔɪl tɪ ɪnˈfleɪt ˈpraɪsɪz ɪn fækt, moʊst əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈɑrgju ðət ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən wɪl nɑt dɪˈklaɪn fər ˈdɛkeɪdz. ðɪs həz bɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk vju əv ənd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən pəˈtroʊliəm ˈɪnstɪˌtut. bət wɪˈθɪn ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌniz, ðɛr hæv bɪn səm ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz hu hæv ˈpəblɪkli ɪkˈsprɛst kənˈsərn ðət ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən kʊd nɑt groʊ tɪ ðə ˈlɛvəlz prɑˈʤɛktəd baɪ ˈvɛriəs ˈeɪʤənsiz. aɪ æm ˌənəˈwɛr ðət ðɪs ɪz ðə əˈfɪʃəl pəˈzɪʃən əv ˈɛni ˈmeɪʤər ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌni, bət aɪ wʊd səbˈmɪt ðət ðə ˈrizən səm ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz ɪkˈsprɛst kənˈsərn ɪz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər kənˈsərnd. mɪskənˈsɛpʃən 5 pik ɔɪl ɪz dɪˈnaɪd baɪ ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ɔlˈtərnətɪvz ðɪs vju ɪz ðə ˈɑpəzɪt əv ðə ˈpriviəs mɪskənˈsɛpʃən. ðə aɪˈdiə ɪz ðət ɪf ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌniz ækˈnɑlɪʤ pik ɔɪl, ˈgəvərnmənts wɪl riˈdəbəl ðɛr ˈɛfərts tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ɔlˈtərnətɪv fjuəlz, ˈheɪsənɪŋ ðə ɛnd əv bɪg ɔɪl. ðɛr ər tu flɔz wɪθ ðɪs ˈrizənɪŋ. fərst, frəm maɪ vju ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ɔɪl ˈɪndəstri, moʊst ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈɪndəstri dɪˈnaɪ pik ɔɪl fər ðə ˈsɪmpəl ˈrizən ðət ðeɪ hæv ˈiðər ˈnɛvər ˈgɪvɪn ɪt məʧ θɔt, ər səbˈskraɪb tɪ wən əv ðə mɪskənˈsɛpʃənz. aɪ ˈfrikwɛntli hæd ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz wɪθ ˈpipəl əˈbaʊt pik ɔɪl ɪn wɪʧ ðə rɪˈspɑns wɑz hæv bɪn seɪɪŋ ðət wi ər ˈrənɪŋ aʊt əv ɔɪl maɪ ɪnˈtaɪər life.”*.” ðə ˈsɛkənd flɔ ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz ðət aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər sin ˈɛniˌwən ɪn ðə ɔɪl ˈɪndəstri ɪkˈsprɛs ˈɛniˌθɪŋ rɪˈzɛmbəlɪŋ ˈwəri ˈoʊvər ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈɛnərʤi ˈɪndəstri. ðeɪ meɪ bi əˈnɔɪd æt ˈmænˌdeɪts ðət fɔrs ðɛm tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ du (laɪk blɛnd ˈɛθəˌnɔl) bət ðɛn ðeɪ kən rɪˈspɑnd baɪ ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈbɪznɪs ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ənd ɪn fækt, aɪ hæv jɛt tɪ si ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈɛnərʤi skim ðət bɪg ɔɪl ɔˈrɛdi ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn: ˈælʤi, ˈɛθəˌnɔl, butanol*, ˈsoʊlər ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌniz hæv ˈmeɪʤər ˈɛfərts ɪn ˈɛvəri wən ðiz ˈɛriəz (ənd hæv bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðɛm fər jɪrz). ɪt ɪz ʤɪst ðət ɪn moʊst ˈkeɪsɪz, ðeɪ ˈpəblɪˌsaɪz ənd haɪp ðoʊz ˈɛfərts bɪˈkəz ðeɪ aʊt traɪɪŋ tɪ reɪz fəndz. ɪt ɪz ʤɪst ə pɑrt əv ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈrisərʧ ðət ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌniz du. ðə ˈsaɪəntɪsts ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ðət wərk æt ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌniz ʤɪst ˈsɪtɪŋ əraʊnd ˈbæskɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl deɪz əv ðə eɪʤ əv ɔɪl ə ˈvɛri ˈkɑmən mɪskənˈsɛpʃən. ðeɪ ər ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt wət kəmz nɛkst, ənd ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət wɪn ɪt dɪz kəm, ðə ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌniz ər ɪn ðə pəˈzɪʃən tɪ prəˈvaɪd ɪt ənd ˈprɑfɪt frəm ɪt. kənˈkluʒənz soʊ aɪ θɪŋk ɛz fɑr ɛz pik ɔɪl goʊz, moʊst əv ˈjuˈɛs kən əˈgri ðət ʤɪst ɛz ɪt dɪd ɪn ðə juz. ɪn 1970 ˈgloʊbəl ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən wɪl ˌɪˈnɛvətəbli dɪˈklaɪn. ðə pɔɪnts əv kənˈtɛnʃən ər ðə ˈtaɪmɪŋ, ðə ˈstipnəs əv ðə dɪˈklaɪn, ðə ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə ˈgloʊbəl ɪˈkɑnəmi, ənd ðə əˈbɪləˌti əv ˈəðər ˈɛnərʤi ˈsɔrsəz tɪ fɪl ðə səˈplaɪ gæp. səm bɪˈliv ɪt wɪl bi ə ˈnɑnɪˈvɛnt, ənd səm ˈpipəl bɪˈliv ɪt wɪl bi ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk. wət du aɪ bɪˈliv? aɪ θɪŋk əv pik ɔɪl ɛz səˈplaɪ ˈstrəgəlɪŋ tɪ kip əp wɪθ dɪˈmænd, wɪʧ wɪl kip ˈpraɪsɪz æt ˈlɛvəlz. aɪ θɪŋk ðət wi wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli aʊt ə bɪt mɔr ˈgloʊbəl pərˈdəkʃən, bət aɪ wɪl bi səˈpraɪzd ɪf ðə wərld gɪts pæst 90 ˈmɪljən ˈbɛrəlz pər deɪ. aɪ bɪˈliv ðət ʃeɪl gæs ənd ɔɪl sændz pərˈdəkʃən wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ raɪz, ənd ˈgloʊbəl ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz wɪl kənˈtɪnju ðɛr ˈəpwərd mɑrʧ. aɪ stɪl bɪˈliv ɪn ðə pik laɪt sɪˈnɛrioʊ; ɪn fækt aɪ θɪŋk ðət vju həz bɪn ˈvælədeɪtəd. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈliv ðət maɪ vju ɔn ðə lɔŋ ˌriˈsɛʃən ɪz səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ðə steɪt əv ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə kənˈtɪnjud strɛŋθ ɪn ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz. ɛz fɑr ɛz ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv pik ɔɪl, aɪ bɪˈliv ðət wət wi ər siɪŋ naʊ wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪz ə ˈpreɪˌlud tɪ wət wi wɪl si fər ðə nɛkst fju jɪrz. aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ə sloʊ skwiz ɔn ˈwɛstərn ɪˈkɑnəmiz ɛz dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz kənˈtɪnju tɪ reɪz ðɛr ˈstændərdz əv ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈkipɪŋ ˈfɛrli ˈkɑnstənt ˈəpwərd ˈprɛʃər ɔn ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz. aɪ bɪˈliv wi hæv ˈɛnərd ðə lɔŋ ˌriˈsɛʃən, bət ɪf ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ʃoʊz ˈmeɪʤər strɛŋθ wɪˈθɪn ðə nɛkst ˈkəpəl əv jɪrz aɪ wɪl kənˈsid ðət æt list maɪ ˈtaɪmɪŋ wɑz tu ˈərli. aɪ du nɑt ɪkˈspɛkt ə ˈmæsɪv əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, ɛz aɪ riˈɪtərˌeɪtɪd tɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈpipəl æt ðə ˈkɑnfərəns ðɪs pæst wik. ɪn fækt, maɪ maɪnd ˈivɪn bɪˈgɪn tɪ ˌɛnərˈteɪn ðət sɪˈnɛrioʊ. aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðoʊz hu bɪˈliv ɪn ðɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊ, bət aɪ bɪˈliv ðət wi wɪl ʃoʊ greɪt rɪˈzɪljəns ɪn ðə feɪs əv greɪt ˈʧælənʤɪz. ɪt bi ə ˈpɪkˌnɪk; aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən tɪ ˈfərðər dɪˈtɪriərˌeɪt frəm hir ənd aɪ θɪŋk ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl ər goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈsəfər (ənd aɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl ər ˈsəfərɪŋ naʊ). bət əv kɔrs aɪ hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ən optimist…*… ˈpoʊˌskrɪpt ˈæftər ðɪs ˈɛˌseɪ wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli ˈpəblɪʃt ɔn maɪ blɔg, ɪt wɑz ɪn ˈsɛvərəl loʊˈkeɪʃənz. beɪst ɔn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts aɪ rɪˈsivd, aɪ wɔnt tɪ ˈklɛrəˌfaɪ ə ˈkəpəl əv pɔɪnts. səm ˈpipəl mɪsɪnˈtərprətɪd maɪ ˈkɑmɛnts əˈbaʊt ðoʊz hu bɪˈliv ɪn ən ˈɪmənənt, ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk dɪˈklaɪn. wət aɪ roʊt wɑz ðət ðɪs ɪz ðə vju ðət ðoʊz ɔɪl ˈɑrtɪkəlz ˈrɪdəˌkjul ənd əˈtɛmpt tɪ dɪˈbəŋk ɛz ɪf ðɪs vju ɪz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv əv pik ɔɪl, ˈpɪriəd. aɪ ˈpərsənəli æm nɑt ˈrɪdəˌkjulɪŋ ðət pɔɪnt əv vju; ɪt ɪz wən əv ˈmɛni ˈpɑsəbəl ˈaʊtˌkəmz. bət ɪt ɪz nɑt, ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən, ðə moʊst ˈlaɪkli ˈaʊtˌkəm. ˈmɛni simd tɪ ɪkˈweɪt lite”*” wɪθ ɔɪl wɪl bi ə ˈmaɪnər event.”*.” ðət ɪz nɑt riˈmoʊtli wət ðə pik laɪt sɪˈnɛrioʊ ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt. aɪ keɪm əp wɪθ ðɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊ wɪn wi wər dəˈbeɪtɪŋ ˈwɛðər 2005 wɑz ðə pik. ɪt əˈkərd tɪ mi ðət ˈmeɪbi ðɛr wɑz fɑr tu məʧ ˈɛmfəsɪs ɔn ə ˈfɪzɪkəl pik, ənd ðɛn ðə ˈæftərˌmæθ əv ðə pik. ˈæftər ɔl, wət ˈhæpənz ˈæftər ə pik? ðɛr ɪz nɑt ɪˈnəf səˈplaɪ tɪ mit dɪˈmænd. aɪ ˈrizənd ðət wi wʊd si ðɪs ənd ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd ˌɪmˈpækts ˌbiˈfɔr wi ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli sɔ ə ˈfɪzɪkəl pik. wɪn aɪ fərst ˈstɑrtɪd ˈraɪtɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs, aɪ ɛnˈvɪʒənd ə sɪˈnɛrioʊ ɪn wɪʧ ˈgloʊbəl dɪˈmænd groʊθ aʊtˈstrɪps ðə groʊθ ɪn səˈplaɪ, soʊ ðət ˈivɪn ɪf səˈplaɪ kʊd stɪl groʊ ðə ˈmɑrkɪt bɪˈheɪvz ɛz ɪt wʊd ɪn ə pik ɔɪl ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. soʊ aɪ juzd lite”*” tɪ dɪˈnoʊt peak”*” wɪʧ ɪz nɑt tɪ ˌɪmˈplaɪ ðət ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv pik ɔɪl wʊd bi ““lite.”*.” ðə lɔŋ ˌriˈsɛʃən freɪz wɑz ˈɑbviəsli ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ðə lɔŋ ˈimərʤənsi. aɪ ˈrizənd ðət sɪns haɪ ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz ˈfrikwɛntli prɪˈsid rɪˈsɛʃənz, pik ɔɪl wʊd ˈlaɪkli min ə ˌriˈsɛʃən wɪˈθaʊt ɛnd. ðə ˈrizən ɪz ðət dɪˈmænd ˈjuʒəwəli fɔlz ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˌriˈsɛʃən, səˈplaɪ krips əp, praɪs fɔlz, ənd ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi rɪˈkəvərz. ɪn ə lɔŋ ˌriˈsɛʃən, səˈplaɪ krip əp, ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈpraɪsɪz rɪˈmeɪn haɪ ˈstɔlɪŋ ə rɪˈkəvəri. aɪ θɪŋk ə ˈprɪti æpt dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn wɪʧ wi faɪnd ɑrˈsɛlvz. lɪŋk tɪ ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɑrtɪkəl: faɪv mɪskənˈsɛpʃənz əˈbaʊt pik ɔɪl baɪ ˈrɑbərt ˈreɪpiər
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i have just returned from the annual aspo conference in washington, d.c. this was only my 2nd aspo conference; the first one i attended was in 2008 in sacramento. there were many familiar faces; some of whom i had previously met and some i only knew by reputation.
the mood seemed remarkably calmer than in 2008. that year, oil prices were just coming down from record highs, a pair of hurricanes were causing spot gasoline shortages, and the economy was headed into the toilet. the general mood was that things were rapidly unraveling. three years later, the long-term outlook isn’t really any different, but i think some who predicted imminent doom are starting to change their views on how things are going to play out.
i noted during one of my talks that i don’t even like the phrase “peak oil.” that is because there are a number of misconceptions and negative connotations associated with it. i prefer to talk in terms of resource depletion and a supply/demand imbalance that includes multiple elements – all of which combine to keep upward pressure on oil prices.
so what are those misconceptions about peak oil? below are the ones that i think are most common.
misconception 1: peak oil = running out of oil
this one is surely the most common. many articles that seek to debunk the notion of peak oil start with that premise, and then respond by highlighting other historical instances where someone influential suggested that we could be running out of oil. in fact, anyone concerned about peak oil will readily acknowledge that we are going to be producing oil for a very long time, and when we stop there is still going to be a lot of oil left in the ground.
so what then is the definition of peak oil? in its simplest form, peak oil means that just as oil production in the united states peaked in 1970 and began to decline, so shall the rest of the world. once you get past that basic premise – one in which there is near-universal agreement once people understand that is what you mean when you say “peak oil” – there are many different opinions of exactly how events will unfold.
misconception 2: peak oil beliefs are homogeneous
the beliefs among people who are concerned about resource depletion cover a wide span. there are those who believe that a peak is imminent, followed by a catastrophic decline. included in this group are people who have vocally and (to this point) wrongly predicted dates and catastrophic consequences as a result of peak oil. these are the real targets of those who claim that peak oil is nonsense. what they really mean – but perhaps don’t say due to misconceptions about peak oil beliefs – is that the idea of imminent, catastrophic decline is nonsense. but that isn’t the same thing as arguing that peak oil is nonsense.
but there are also people who believe peak oil will inevitably lead to cleaner environments, closer communities, and healthier food. then there are those who believe that peak oil will lead to a dirtier environment as we become more desperate for energy and turn to more oil sands and coal to replace declining oil supplies. there are people who believe peak oil will be a minor inconvenience because there are plenty of sources capable of replacing oil. and there are those who believe certain elements of all of the above.
misconception 3: peak oil is a theory
it is also common among those writing articles seeking to debunk peak oil to refer to the “peak oil theory.” as in the previous example, this paints with a very broad brush. when someone describes peak oil as a theory, what they are really referring to is the belief that a production peak is both imminent and the results promise to be catastrophic. i doubt the majority view, and i would estimate that the percentage of people holding that view has declined over the past five years as some of the catastrophic scenarios failed to materialize on schedule. but peak oil itself is an observation, not a theory.
misconception 4: peak oil was dreamed up by big oil to inflate prices
in fact, most of the major oil companies argue that oil production will not decline for decades. this has been the public view of exxonmobil and the american petroleum institute. but within oil companies, there have been some executives who have publicly expressed concern that oil production could not grow to the levels projected by various agencies. i am unaware that this is the official position of any major oil company, but i would submit that the reason some executives expressed concern is because they are concerned.
misconception 5: peak oil is denied by oil companies worried about alternatives
this view is the opposite of the previous misconception. the idea is that if oil companies acknowledge peak oil, governments will redouble their efforts to develop alternative fuels, hastening the end of big oil. there are two flaws with this reasoning. first, from my view inside the oil industry, most people in the industry deny peak oil for the simple reason that they have either never given it much thought, or subscribe to one of the misconceptions. i frequently had conversations with people about peak oil in which the response was “they have been saying that we are running out of oil my entire life.”
the second flaw in this argument is that i have never seen anyone in the oil industry express anything resembling worry over the alternative energy industry. they may be annoyed at mandates that force them to do something they don’t want to do (like blend ethanol) but then they can respond by getting into the business themselves. and in fact, i have yet to see an alternative energy scheme that big oil wasn’t already working on: algae, cellulosic ethanol, butanol, solar – oil companies have major efforts in every one these areas (and have been working on them for years). it is just that in most cases, they don’t publicize and hype those efforts because they aren’t out trying to raise funds. it is just a part of the basic research that oil companies do. the scientists and engineers that work at oil companies aren’t just sitting around basking in the final days of the age of oil – a very common misconception. they are thinking about what comes next, and investing to make sure that when it does come, the oil companies are in the position to provide it and profit from it.
conclusions
so i think as far as peak oil goes, most of us can agree that just as it did in the u.s. in 1970, global oil production will inevitably decline. the points of contention are the timing, the steepness of the decline, the impact on the global economy, and the ability of other energy sources to fill the supply gap. some believe it will be a non-event, and some people believe it will be catastrophic.
what do i believe? i think of peak oil as supply struggling to keep up with demand, which will keep prices at recession-inducing levels. i think that we will probably eek out a bit more global production, but i will be surprised if the world gets past 90 million barrels per day. i believe that shale gas and oil sands production will continue to rise, and global carbon emissions will continue their upward march.
i still believe in the peak lite scenario; in fact i think that view has been validated. i also believe that my view on the long recession is supported by the state of the economy as well as the continued strength in oil prices. as far as the consequences of peak oil, i believe that what we are seeing now with respect to the economy is a prelude to what we will see for the next few years. i expect a slow squeeze on western economies as developing countries continue to raise their standards of living – keeping fairly constant upward pressure on oil prices. i believe we have entered the long recession, but if the economy shows major strength within the next couple of years i will concede that at least my timing was too early.
i do not expect a massive die-off of the population, as i reiterated to several people at the aspo conference this past week. in fact, my mind can’t even begin to entertain that scenario. i understand the basis of those who believe in this scenario, but i believe that we will show great resilience in the face of great challenges. it won’t be a picnic; i expect the economic situation to further deteriorate from here and i think a lot of people are going to suffer (and i recognize that a lot of people are suffering now). but of course i have always been an optimist…
postscript
after this essay was originally published on my blog, it was republished in several locations. based on the comments i received, i want to clarify a couple of points. some people misinterpreted my comments about those who believe in an imminent, catastrophic decline. what i wrote was that this is the view that those anti-peak oil articles ridicule and attempt to debunk — as if this view is representative of peak oil, period. i personally am not ridiculing that point of view; it is one of many possible outcomes. but it is not, in my opinion, the most likely outcome.
many seemed to equate “peak lite” with “peak oil will be a minor event.” that is not remotely what the peak lite scenario is all about. i came up with this scenario when we were debating whether 2005 was the peak. it occurred to me that maybe there was far too much emphasis on a physical peak, and then the aftermath of the peak. after all, what happens after a peak? there is not enough supply to meet demand. i reasoned that we would see this and the associated impacts before we necessarily saw a physical peak. when i first started writing about this, i envisioned a scenario in which global demand growth outstrips the growth in supply, so that even if supply could still grow the market behaves as it would in a peak oil situation. so i used “peak lite” to denote “effective peak” — which is not to imply that the impact of peak oil would be “lite.”
the long recession phrase was obviously inspired by the long emergency. i reasoned that since high oil prices frequently precede recessions, peak oil would likely mean a recession without end. the reason is that demand usually falls during a recession, supply creeps up, price falls, and the economy recovers. in a long recession, supply doesn’t creep up, and therefore prices remain high — stalling a recovery. i think a pretty apt description of the situation in which we find ourselves.
link to original article: five misconceptions about peak oil
by robert rapier
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ˈərliər ðɪs wik, taɪm ˈwɔrnər ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ənd ˈʧɛrmən ʤɛf spoʊk əˈbaʊt ðə steɪt əv ˌdiˈsi fɪlmz ɔn ən ˌɪnˈvɛstər kɔl. aɪ roʊt əˈbaʊt ɪt ənd ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈnoʊtəbəl kwoʊts ðət wər ˌriˈpɔrtəd, bət naʊ θæŋks tɪ ðə ˈsuɪˌsaɪd wi hæv fʊl ˈɑdiˌoʊ əv ðə comments…*… ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ən ˈəpˌdeɪt ɔn wɪn wi maɪt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ si bɛn ˈbætˌmæn ˈmuvi! ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈæftər ˈspikɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈbætˌmæn vi ˈsupərˌmæn ənd ˈsuɪˌsaɪd skwɑd, said…*… (ˈæflɪk) əˈnaʊnst ə ˈbætˌmæn ˈmuvi. goʊɪŋ tɪ dɪˈrɛkt, stɑr, raɪt. aɪ θɪŋk ə jɪr ənd ə hæf out”*”. ə jɪr ənd ə hæf frəm naʊ wʊd brɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ əˈbaʊt mɑrʧ 2018 ˈgɪvɪn ðət bɛn ˈæflɪk wʊd hæv tɪ stɑrt ˈʃutɪŋ sun fər ðə ˈmuvi tɪ kəm aʊt ðɛn, aɪ θɪŋk wɑz seɪɪŋ ðət ðə ˈbætˌmæn ˈmuvi wɪl bɪˈgɪn pərˈdəkʃən əraʊnd mɑrʧ 2018 ɪf ɪt dɪd, ˈlaɪkli ðət ðə əˈnaʊnst (bət untitled*) ˌdiˈsi ˈmuvi ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ bi riˈlist ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 1 2019 ɪz ɪn fækt bɛn ˈbætˌmæn ˈmuvi! ˈəpˌdeɪt: ɔn ˈsɛkənd thought…*… pərˈhæps ðə ˈbætˌmæn ˈmuvi ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ɪn pre-production*. rɪˈmɛmbər ðə tɛst ˈfʊtɪʤ? ˈmeɪbi ðə riˈlis ˈrɪli ɪz mɑrʧ 2018 ɪf ɪt stɑrts ˈʃutɪŋ sun! ju kən teɪk ə ˈlɪsən tɪ ɔl əv ˈkɑmɛnts ðət ju rɛd əˈbaʊt ˈərliər ðɪs wik ɪn ðə pleɪər bɪˈloʊ. ˈviə: ðə ˈsuɪˌsaɪd
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earlier this week, time warner ceo and chairman jeff bewkes spoke about the state of dc films on an investor call. i wrote about it and included notable quotes that were reported, but now thanks to the suicide squadcast we have full audio of the ceo’s comments… including an update on when we might be able to see ben affleck’s batman movie!
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after speaking about batman v superman and suicide squad, bewkes said…
“ben (affleck) announced a batman movie. he’s going to direct, star, write. i think a year and a half out”.
a year and a half from now would bring us to about march 2018. given that ben affleck would have to start shooting soon for the movie to come out then, i think bewkes was saying that the batman movie will begin production around march 2018. if it did, likely that the announced (but untitled) dc movie that’s scheduled to be released on november 1, 2019 is in fact ben affleck’s batman movie!
update: on second thought… perhaps the batman movie is already in pre-production. remember the deathstroke test footage? maybe the release really is march 2018 if it starts shooting soon!
you can take a listen to all of bewkes comments that you read about earlier this week in the player below.
via: the suicide squadcast
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we’ve* ɔl hərd ɪt: [ˈkænədɪt aɪ səˈpɔrt] wɪnz, ˈmuvɪŋ tɪ canada.”*.” ˈləki fər ju, ˌdɪsɪˈluʒənd ˈvoʊtərz, ʤɛf ɪz hir tɪ hɛlp. ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ðə fɑks 23 ˈtræfɪk rɪˈpɔrtər, beɪst ɪn ˈtəlsə, ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə, prəˈvaɪdɪd vjuərz wɪθ ə ˈhɛlpfəl ˌsɛgˈmɛnt əˈbaʊt ðə bɛst rut tɪ ˈkænədə. noʊ ə lɔt ˈpipəl sɛd ðət ɪf ðɛr ˈkænədɪt lɔst ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən, bi ˈmuvɪŋ tɪ canada,”*,” sɛd. ʃʊr waɪ, bət ðət wɑz səm əv ðə folks’*’ ˈprɑməsəz aʊt ðɛr. soʊ lɛt mi gɪv ju ðə kˈwɪkɪst ənd rut frəm ˈtəlsə tɪ canada.”*.” ənd soʊ hi dɪd, kəmˈplit wɪθ mæp. ðə rut ɪz ˈprɪti dɪˈrɛkt, tu, wəns ju gɪt tɪ ˈoʊməˌhɑ, nəˈbræskə wɪl goʊ tɪ ðə kəˈneɪdiən border,”*,” hi ˌɪnˈfɔrmd. ɪz ˈsɪriəs stuff,”*,” hi ˈædɪd, ɛz hɪz ˈkoʊˈwərkərz kʊd bi hərd ˈlæfɪŋ ɔf skrin. wɪn ju gɪt tɪ ʃʊr gɑt ˈiðər jʊr kɑrd ər jʊr ˈpæˌspɔrt tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ˈkænədə now,”*,” sɛd. goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt bæk ɔn ˈhaɪˌweɪ 75 ɪn ˈkænədə. ˈæˌkʧuəli ðə lɔrd ˈsɛlkərk ˈhaɪˌweɪ. ɪf ˈmuvɪŋ tɪ ˈkænədə, goʊɪŋ tɪ nid tɪ noʊ ðɪs. lɔrd ˈsɛlkərk ˈhaɪˌweɪ, okay?”*?” ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm ɪz ə ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvɪs, foʊks. teɪk ə lʊk, bɪˈloʊ: rɑ ˈstɔri) hæv ə tɪp wi ʃʊd noʊ?
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we’ve all heard it: “if [candidate i don’t support] wins, i’m moving to canada.” lucky for you, disillusioned voters, jeff brucculeri is here to help. on wednesday, the fox 23 traffic reporter, based in tulsa, oklahoma, provided viewers with a helpful segment about the best route to canada.
“i know a lot people said that if their candidate lost the election, they’d be moving to canada,” brucculeri said. “not sure why, but that was some of the folks’ promises out there. so let me give you the quickest and directest route from tulsa to canada.”
and so he did, complete with map. the route is pretty direct, too, once you get to omaha, nebraska “literally i-29 will go to the canadian border,” he informed. “this is serious stuff,” he added, as his coworkers could be heard laughing off screen.
“now when you get to canada…make sure you’ve got either your card or your passport to get into canada now,” brucculeri said. “then you’re going to get back on highway 75 in canada. it’s actually the lord selkirk highway. if you’re moving to canada, you’re going to need to know this. lord selkirk highway, okay?”
journalism is a public service, folks.
take a look, below:
(h/t raw story)
have a tip we should know? tips@mediaite.com
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““then* hi kɔld hɪz ˈsərvənt ðət ˈəntu ɪm, ənd sɛd: naʊ ðɪs ˈwʊmən aʊt frəm mi, ənd boʊlt ðə dɔr ˈæftər her.’”*.’” ˈsæmjul (ðə ˈɪzriəl bible™*™) fər ðə fərst taɪm, ˈɪzriəl rɪfˈjuzd tɪ əˈlaʊ ən ˈæktɪvɪst fər ðə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt, dɪˈvɛsmənt ənd ˈsæŋkʃənz (bds*) ˈmuvmənt ˈɪntu ðə ˈkəntri ɔn ðə graʊnz ðət ʃi ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv ðə steɪt. ðə muv sɛts ə ˈprɛsɪdənt wɪʧ kʊd si ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈæktɪvɪsts tərnd əˈweɪ æt ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt. ˈɪzəˌbɛl, frəm məˈlɑwi, həz hæd ə lɔŋ əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən wɪθ ðə ˈmuvmənt, wɪʧ siks tɪ ˈəndərˌmaɪn ˈɪzriəl θru ““nonviolent”*” ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk əˈtæks. ʃi ˈlændɪd æt tɛl bɛn ˈgjʊriən ˈɛrˌpɔrt ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ bət, ˈæftər ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃənz bɪtˈwin ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈmɪnɪstər ˈdɛri ənd ˈpəblɪk sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈmɪnɪstər, ʃi wɑz dɪˈnaɪd ə ˈtʊrɪst ˈvizə. ðə ˈɪnsədənt keɪm ˈsɛvərəl mənθs ˈæftər ənd əˈnaʊnst ən ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv tɪ kip səˈpɔrtərz aʊt əv ˈɪzriəl, ənd dɪˈpɔrt ˈɛni ˈæktɪvɪsts ɔˈrɛdi ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. ɪz ən ˈæktɪvɪst wɪθ ðə wərld ˈkaʊnsəl əv ˈʧərʧɪz grup, ə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən wɪʧ ɪz əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ ədˈvæns ðə ˌɛkjuˈmɛnɪkəl əˈkəmpnɪmənt ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn ˈpæləˌstaɪn (eappi*) plæn. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, ɪts əˈʤɛndə ɪz tɪ ərʤ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kəmˈjunɪti tɪ əˈgɛnst ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs ɪn ðə region”*” ənd hɛlp ɛnd ðə ““occupation”*” əv ˈpæləˌstaɪn baɪ ˈɪzriəl. ˌɪzˈreɪli əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ ðət ˈæktɪvɪsts kəm tɪ ˈɪzriəl ɔn fɔls priˈtɛnsɪz tɪ ˈkɛri aʊt ækˈtɪvɪtiz. ən ˈɛntri ˈpərˌmɪt tɪ ˈæktɪvɪsts səʧ ɛz wʊd ɪn ˈifɛkt ˌriɪnˈfɔrs ðə ˈrɔŋfəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz ʃi ənd hər pɪrz ər ədˈvænsɪŋ ənd aɪ hæv noʊ ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən əv ˈlɛndɪŋ ə hænd tɪ that,”*,” sɛd ˈdɛri əv ðə dɪˈsɪʒən. wɪl juz ˈɛni əˈθɔrəti æt maɪ dɪˈspoʊzəl tɪ əˈvərt hɑrm tɪ israel.”*.” pleɪs əv ðə ɪz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈbɔrdərz ənd wi ʃæl kənˈtɪnju tɪ du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ðɛm frəm ˈɛnərɪŋ ɑr country,”*,” vaʊd.
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“then he called his servant that ministered unto him, and said: ‘put now this woman out from me, and bolt the door after her.’” ii samuel 13:17 (the israel bible™)
for the first time, israel refused to allow an activist for the anti-israel boycott, divestment and sanctions (bds) movement into the country on the grounds that she is working against the interests of the state. the move sets a precedent which could see thousands of anti-israel activists turned away at the airport.
isabel phiri, from malawi, has had a long affiliation with the bds movement, which seeks to undermine israel through “nonviolent” economic attacks. she landed at tel aviv’s ben gurion airport on monday but, after consultations between interior minister aryeh dery and public security minister gilad erdan, she was denied a tourist visa.
the incident came several months after deri and erdan announced an initiative to keep bds supporters out of israel, and deport any activists already in the country.
phiri is an activist with the world council of churches group, a pro-bds organization which is attempting to advance the ecumenical accompaniment program in palestine (eappi) plan. according to the eappi website, its agenda is to urge the international community to “act against injustice in the region” and help end the “occupation” of palestine by israel.
israeli officials say that eappi activists come to israel on false pretenses to carry out anti-israel activities.
“granting an entry permit to activists such as phri would in effect reinforce the wrongful activities she and her peers are advancing and i have no intention of lending a hand to that,” said dery of the decision. “i will use any authority at my disposal to avert harm to israel.”
“the place of the boycotters is outside the country’s borders and we shall continue to do everything possible to prevent them from entering our country,” erdan vowed.
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kəˌmidiˈɛn ˈwɪtni ˈkəmɪŋz flæʃt ðə kraʊd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈθərzˌdeɪ naɪts nu jɔrk nɪks geɪm əˈgɛnst ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bʊlz. ɛz ðə ˈmædɪsən skwɛr ˈgɑrdən ˈʤəmboʊtrɔn ˈkæmərə ˈfoʊkɪst ɪn ɔn hər ˈsɪtɪŋ courtside*, ðə pʊld əp hər sˈwɛtər ənd rɪˈvild hər brɑ tɪ ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðə ərˈinə. ðə stənt əˈpɪrd tɪ liv moʊst ˈpipəl ɪn ˈstɪʧɪz. səˈpraɪz! kəˌmidiˈɛn ˈwɪtni ˈkəmɪŋz flæʃt ðə kraʊd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈθərzˌdeɪ naɪts nu jɔrk nɪks geɪm əˈgɛnst ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bʊlz ˈkəmɪŋz flæʃt hər ˈkəvərd bubz ɛz ʃi sæt loʊ ɪn hər sit. ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈskɪni dɑrk ʤinz ənd buts, ʃi sləmpt ˈbækwərdz tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðə ˈkæmərə gɑt ə gʊd vju. ˈivɪn ðə kru simd tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə ʃoʊ. ˈfəni: ðə stənt simd tɪ bi ə hɪt wɪθ ðə ˈʤəmboʊtrɔn kru ənd ðə kraʊd æt ˈmædɪsən skwɛr ˈgɑrdən frənt roʊ: ðə wɑz ˈsitɪd ʤɪst ə ˈkəpəl əv sits əˈweɪ frəm ˈgoʊstˌbəstərz riˈbut stɑr ˈlɛsli ʤoʊnz ˈkəmɪŋz ˈwəzənt ðə ˈoʊnli səˈlɛbrɪti ˈwɑʧɪŋ ðə geɪm, wɪʧ ðə nɪks wən ˈgoʊstˌbəstərz riˈbut stɑr ˈlɛsli ʤoʊnz sæt ʤɪst ə ˈkəpəl əv sits əˈweɪ frəm hər ənd stænd əp ˈkɑmɪk krɪs rɑk wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ courtside*. ʤoʊnz kɛpt ɪt ˈkæʒəwəl ɪn blu ənd blæk ˈlɛgɪŋz wɪθ ə ˈgræfɪk ˈtiˌsərt ənd ə braɪt ˈʤækɪt, pərs ənd sˈnikərz. rɑk, ˈminˌwaɪl, wɑz drɛst ɪn ə blæk ˈʤækɪt ənd blæk ʤinz wɪθ ˈmæʧɪŋ ˈtreɪnərz.
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comedienne whitney cummings flashed the crowd during thursday night's new york knicks game against the chicago bulls.
as the madison square garden jumbotron camera focused in on her sitting courtside, the 34-year-old pulled up her sweater and revealed her nude-colored bra to everyone in the arena.
the stunt appeared to leave most people in stitches.
surprise! comedienne whitney cummings flashed the crowd during thursday night's new york knicks game against the chicago bulls
cummings flashed her covered boobs as she sat low in her seat.
wearing skinny dark jeans and lace-up boots, she slumped backwards to make sure the camera got a good view.
even the crew seemed to enjoy the show.
funny: the stunt seemed to be a hit with the jumbotron crew and the crowd at madison square garden
front row: the 34-year-old was seated just a couple of seats away from ghostbusters reboot star leslie jones
cummings wasn't the only celebrity watching the game, which the knicks won 104-89.
ghostbusters reboot star leslie jones sat just a couple of seats away from her and stand up comic chris rock was also courtside.
jones kept it casual in blue and black leggings with a graphic t-shirt and a bright jacket, purse and sneakers.
rock, meanwhile, was dressed in a black jacket and black jeans with matching trainers.
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təˈdeɪ wi ər ˌɪnˈdəlʤɪŋ ɪn ə swit ənd ˈsɔlti ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən, ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ˈpɑpˌkɔrn lɪp skrəb. ðə ˈʃʊgər ənd sɔlt prəˈvaɪd ɛksˌfoʊliˈeɪʃən waɪl ðə ˈɑlɪv ɔɪl ˈnərɪʃəz ənd ðə lɪps. ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ju maɪt wɔnt tɪ lɪk ðɪs skrəb ɔf jʊr lɪps. ˌɪnˈgridiənts: 1 ˈʃʊgər 1 ˈɑlɪv ɔɪl vəˈnɪlə ˈɛkˌstrækt 1 sɔlt dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz: mɪks ɔl ðə ˌɪnˈgridiənts təˈgɛðər. spun ðə ˈmɪksʧər ˈɪntu ə smɔl kənˈteɪnər. haʊ tɪ: əˈplaɪ ə smɔl əˈmaʊnt tɪ jʊr lɪps ənd ˈʤɛntli skrəb fər 10 ˈsɛkəndz. waɪp ɔf ˈʤɛntli wɪθ ə wɔrm, dæmp klɔθ ðɛn əˈplaɪ jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt lɪp bɑm. stɔr ðə ˈɛkˌsɛs ɪn ðə frɪʤ fər əp tɪ 2 wiks. ˈvæŋkwɪʃ lɪps fərˈɛvər wən skrəb æt ə taɪm. gɪt ˈsoʊʃəl ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər ˈpɑpˌkɔrn lɪp skrəb ləʃ dup wɑz læst ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd: baɪ laɪk ðɪs: laɪk ˈloʊdɪŋ...
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today we are indulging in a sweet and salty combination, inspired by lush’s popcorn lip scrub. the sugar and salt provide exfoliation while the olive oil nourishes and moisturises the lips. warning: you might want to lick this scrub off your lips.
ingredients:
1 tbsp sugar
1 tsp olive oil
1/2 tsp vanilla extract
1 tsp salt
directions:
mix all the ingredients together. spoon the mixture into a small container.
how to:
apply a small amount to your lips and gently scrub for 10 seconds. wipe off gently with a warm, damp cloth then apply your favorite lip balm. store the excess in the fridge for up to 2 weeks.
let’s vanquish chapped lips forever one diy scrub at a time.
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diy popcorn lip scrub – lush dupe was last modified: by
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ərθ ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ tənz ˈlaɪtər ˈɛvəri jɪr, ˈivɪn waɪl tənz əv speɪs dəst fɔl ɔn ɑr ˈplænəts ˈsərfəs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈpɪriəd. soʊ, waɪ ər wi ˈluzɪŋ soʊ məʧ weɪt? ju wɪl bi səˈpraɪzd. æt list, aɪ ˈnɛvər kənˈsɪdərd ðɪs ənd aɪ wɑz səˈpraɪzd tɪ hir ðə ˈrizənɪŋ ɪn mɔr ər lɛs, ə ˌbibiˈsi ˈreɪdiˌoʊ 4 ˈproʊˌgræm əˈbaʊt stəˈtɪstɪks ənd ˈnəmbərz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈdɑktər krɪs smɪθ ənd ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈfɪzɪsɪst deɪv ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz, dɪˈspaɪt ðoʊz tənz əv speɪs dəst ðət bɪˈkəm pɑrt əv ɑr ˈplænət ˈɛvəri jɪr, ərθ ˈluzɪz tənz əv mæs. ɪz ɪt bɪˈkəz wi kip ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ˈrɑkəts? noʊ. ðiz ər ðɛr ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz: ˈædɪŋ weɪt ərθ geɪnz əˈbaʊt tənz əv dəst ˈɛvəri jɪr, ðə ˈrɛmnənts əv ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ðə ˈsoʊlər ˈsɪstəm, wɪʧ ər əˈtræktəd baɪ ɑr ˈgrævɪti ənd bɪˈkəm pɑrt əv ðə ˈmætər ɪn ɑr ˈplænət. ɑr ˈplænət ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli meɪd frəm ɔl ðət starstuff*. ˈnæsə sɪz ðət ərθ geɪnz əˈbaʊt 160 tənz əv ˈmætər ə jɪr bɪˈkəz ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈtɛmpərəʧər ɪz goʊɪŋ əp: "ɪf wi ər ˈædɪŋ ˈɛnərʤi tɪ ðə ˈsɪstəm, ðə mæs məst goʊ əp." oʊ, ðoʊz ˈkreɪzi thermodynamics*. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt noʊ ˈifɛkt əv kɔrs, ˈhævɪŋ mɔr ˈpipəl ər ˈbɪldɪŋ stəf ˈdəzənt æd ˈɛni mæs tɪ ðə ˈplænət. ˈjumənz ənd θɪŋz ər meɪd wɪθ ðə ˈmætər ðət ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ɪn ðə ˈplænət. ɪts ʤɪst biɪŋ trænsˈfɔrmd. moʊst əv ðə ˈrɑkəts ənd ˈsætəˌlaɪts ðət wi lɔnʧ tɪ ərθ ˈɔrbət ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli fɔl daʊn bæk tɪ ərθ, soʊ noʊ ril ˈifɛkt hir. ˈluzɪŋ weɪt ərθs kɔr ˈluzɪz ˈɛnərʤi ˈoʊvər taɪm. ɪts laɪk ə ʤaɪənt ˈnukliər riˈæktər ðət bərnz fjuəl. lɛs ˈɛnərʤi minz lɛs mæs. 16 tənz əv ðət ər gɔn ˈɛvəri jɪr. nɑt məʧ. ənd hɪrz ðə bɪg mæs lɔs: əˈbaʊt tənz əv ˈhaɪdrəʤən ənd toʊnz əv ˈhiliəm ɪˈskeɪp ərθ ˈɛvəri jɪr. ðeɪ ər tu laɪt fər ˈgrævɪti tɪ kip ðɛm əraʊnd, soʊ ðeɪ gɪt lɔst. gɔn ˈɪntu speɪs. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ðə rɪˈzəlt: ðə rəf ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ɪz tənz ˈɛvəri jɪr. wɪʧ ɪz əˈbaʊt lɛs mæs ˈɛvəri jɪr. ʃʊd wi bi ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ərθ ˌdɪsəˈpɪrɪŋ ˈɪntu θɪn ɛr? noʊ, ju ˈʃʊdənt. ənd ju ˈʃʊdənt ˈwəri əˈbaʊt ˈluzɪŋ ˈhaɪdrəʤən. ðɛrz ˈplɛnti ənd ɪt wɪl teɪk ˈtrɪljənz əv jɪrz tɪ dɪˈplit ɪt. ˈhiliəm, ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ɪz ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈmætər. ɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts əv ðə ˈvɑljum ɪn ɑr ˈætməsˌfɪr, bət ɪts ˈmeɪnli ˈhɑrvəstɪd frəm ˈnæʧərəl gæs ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈprɔˌsɛs kɔld ˈfrækʃənəl ˌdɪstəˈleɪʃən. ˈhiliəm ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ skɛrs ɪn ɑr ˈplænət. ɪn fækt, kɔrˈnɛl ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈfɪzɪsɪst ənd noʊˈbɛl ˈrɑbərt ˈrɪʧərdsən wəns sɛd ðət iʧ ˈfloʊtɪŋ ˈpɑrti bəˈlun ʃʊd hæv ə 100 praɪs tæg, hu kæmˈpeɪnd əˈgɛnst ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ sɛl ðə ˈkəntriz ˈhiliəm ˈstɑkˌpaɪl baɪ 2015 tɪ kip ˈpraɪsɪz daʊn. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt hiz ˈprɑbəˌbli raɪt, kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðət ɪt ɪz ˈkruʃəl fər dɪˈvaɪsɪz laɪk ˈskænərz, wɛr ɪt ɪz juzd fər ˈkulɪŋ ˈsupərkənˌdəktɪŋ ˈmægnəts ənd groʊɪŋ ˈsɪləkən ənd ˈkrɪstəlz ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə pərˈdəkʃən əv taɪˈteɪniəm ənd zərˈkoʊniəm. [ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə ˈproʊˌgræm hir 5mb*)]
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earth is getting 50,000 tonnes lighter every year, even while 40,000 tonnes of space dust fall on our planet's surface during the same period. so, why are we losing so much weight? you will be surprised.
at least, i never considered this and i was surprised to hear the reasoning in more or less, a bbc radio 4 program about statistics and numbers. according to dr chris smith and cambridge university physicist dave ansel's calculations, despite those 40,000 tonnes of space dust that become part of our planet every year, earth loses 50,000 tonnes of mass. is it because we keep launching rockets? no. these are their back-of-the-napkin calculations:
adding weight
• earth gains about 40,000 tonnes of dust every year, the remnants of the formation of the solar system, which are attracted by our gravity and become part of the matter in our planet. our planet is actually made from all that starstuff.
• nasa says that earth gains about 160 tonnes of matter a year because the global temperature is going up: "if we are adding energy to the system, the mass must go up." oh, those crazy thermodynamics.
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no effect
• of course, having more people or building stuff doesn't add any mass to the planet. humans and things are made with the matter that is already in the planet. it's just being transformed.
• most of the rockets and satellites that we launch to earth orbit eventually fall down back to earth, so no real effect here.
losing weight
• earth's core loses energy over time. it's like a giant nuclear reactor that burns fuel. less energy means less mass. 16 tonnes of that are gone every year. not much.
• and here's the big mass loss: about 95,000 tonnes of hydrogen and 1,600 tones of helium escape earth every year. they are too light for gravity to keep them around, so they get lost. gone into space.
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the result: the rough estimate is -50,000 tonnes every year. which is about 0.000000000000001% less mass every year.
should we be worried about earth disappearing into thin air? no, you shouldn't. and you shouldn't worry about losing hydrogen. there's plenty and it will take trillions of years to deplete it.
helium, on the other hand, is a different matter. it represents 0.00052% of the volume in our atmosphere, but it's mainly harvested from natural gas using a process called fractional distillation. helium is becoming scarce in our planet. in fact, cornell university physicist and nobel prize-winner robert richardson once said that each floating party balloon should have a $100 price tag, who campaigned against the us government decision to sell the country's helium stockpile by 2015 to keep prices down.
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he's probably right, considering that it is crucial for devices like mri scanners, where it is used for cooling superconducting magnets and growing silicon and germanium crystals as well as the production of titanium and zirconium. [download the program here (5mb)]
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sɔrs: ðə ˈdætə kəm frəm ðɪs ˈteɪbəl: ɔn ɪˈmænjuəl ˈwɛbˌsaɪt æt ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˈbərkli. ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz: ɔl ˈɪnˌkəmz ər ɪn 2008 ˈdɔlərz. bɪtˈwin ˈɛni tu jɪrz, ðə ʃɛr əv groʊθ ɪn ˈævərɪʤ ˈɪnˌkəmz əˈkaʊntɪd fər baɪ ðə ˈrɪʧəst 10 ɪz 10 əv ðə groʊθ ɪn ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈɪnˌkəm əv ðə tɔp 10 dɪˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə groʊθ ɪn ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈævərɪʤ ˈɪnˌkəm; ðə ʃɛr əv groʊθ ɪn ˈævərɪʤ ˈɪnˌkəmz əˈkaʊntɪd fər baɪ ðə ˈbɑtəm 90 ɪz 90 əv ðə groʊθ ɪn ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈɪnˌkəm əv ðə ˈbɑtəm 90 dɪˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə groʊθ ɪn ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈævərɪʤ ˈɪnˌkəm. ðiz ʃɛrz ər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ɪn ðə paɪ ʧɑrt. ɪn ˈpɪriədz wɛr wən ər mɔr ˈkætəˌgɔriz sɔ ˈnɛgətɪv ˈɪnˌkəm groʊθ ənd wən ər mɔr ˈkætəˌgɔriz sɔ ˈpɑzətɪv ˈɪnˌkəm groʊθ, ðə paɪ ʧɑrt ˈsɪmpli ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə grup ðət sɔ groʊθ, ənd ðə tɛkst prəˈvaɪdz ˈditeɪlz. ɪn ˈpɪriədz wɛr ˈɛvəri ˈkætəˌgɔri sɔ ˈɪnˌkəm ˈlɔsɪz, ðə paɪ ʧɑrt ʃoʊz ʃɛrz əv ˈlɔsɪz, ənd ðə tɛkst prəˈvaɪdz ˈditeɪlz.
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source: the data come from this table: http://www.econ.berkeley.edu/~saez/tabfig2008.xls
on emmanuel saez’s website at university of california, berkeley. methodology
calculations: all incomes are in 2008 dollars. between any two years, the share of growth in average incomes accounted for by the richest 10% is 10% of the growth in the average income of the top 10% divided by the growth in the overall average income; the share of growth in average incomes accounted for by the bottom 90% is 90% of the growth in the average income of the bottom 90% divided by the growth in the overall average income. these shares are represented in the pie chart. in periods where one or more categories saw negative income growth and one or more categories saw positive income growth, the pie chart simply represents the group that saw growth, and the text provides details. in periods where every category saw income losses, the pie chart shows shares of losses, and the text provides details.
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əˈmɪd kənˈsərnz ðət ðə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm rɪˈzəlt rɪsks ˈspɑrkɪŋ frɛʃ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkraɪsəs, bæŋk əv ˈɪŋglənd ˈgəvərnər sɪz ɪt ɪz ˈrɛdi tɪ du ˌwəˈtɛvər ɪz ˈnidɪd ðə ˈreɪtɪŋz ˈeɪʤənsi həz loʊərd ðə ˈaʊˌtlʊk fər ðə ˈkrɛdɪt ˈreɪtɪŋ frəm ˈsteɪbəl tɪ ˈnɛgətɪv əˈmɪd wət ɪt sɛd wʊd pruv ə prəˈlɔŋd ˈpɪriəd əv ənˈsərtənti ˈfɑloʊɪŋ voʊt tɪ liv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən. sɛd ðə ˌənprəˌdɪktəˈbɪlɪti əv ˈbrɪtɪʃ dɪˈsɪʒənˌmeɪkɪŋ hæd ˈfæktərd ˈɪntu ɪts muv, ɛz hæd ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd əv loʊər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ ðət ɪt sɛd wʊd ˈaʊtˌweɪ ˈɛni ˈseɪvɪŋz ðə maɪt hoʊp tɪ gɪt frəm nɑt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə ˈbəʤɪt. ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm: ədˈmɪts fri ˈmuvmənt əv ˈleɪbər meɪ nɑt ɛnd lɪv rɛd mɔr ðə ˈlɔŋgər tərm, ʃʊd ðə nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ə ɔlˈtərnətɪv treɪd ərˈeɪnʤmənt wɪθ ðə ənd ˈəðər ˈkəntriz, ðə groʊθ ˈprɑspɛkts wʊd bi məˈtɪriəli ˈwikər ðən ˈkərəntli expected,”*,” ðə noʊt sɛd. ˈstændərd ənd həz ˈɔlsoʊ wɔrnd tɔp ““aaa”*” ˈkrɛdɪt ˈreɪtɪŋ wɑz naʊ æt rɪsk. voʊt ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ tɪ liv ðə həz spɑrkt ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˈtərˌmɔɪl ənd ənˈsərtənti, ˈfɔrsɪŋ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkæmərən tɪ rɪˈzaɪn ənd ˈwaɪpɪŋ mɔr ðən əv ˈvælju frəm ˈmɑrkɪts əraʊnd ðə wərld. liv kæmˈpeɪn ˈlidər ˈbɔrɪs ˈʤɑnsən həz sɛd ðɛr ɪz noʊ rəʃ tɪ ˌɪnˈvoʊk ˈɑrtɪkəl 50 əv ðə ˈtriti wɪʧ ˈfɔrməli ˈtrɪgərz ə ˈdɛˌdlaɪn fər ˈɛksət nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ˌhaʊˈɛvər ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈlidərz hæv sɛd ðeɪ wɔnt ðə ˈkəntri aʊt əv ðə blɑk ɛz sun ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ðə ˈgəvərnər əv ðə bæŋk əv ˈɪŋglənd həz stɛpt ˈfɔrwərd tɪ kɑm ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈmɑrkɪts ˈæftər ðə voʊt sɛnt ðə paʊnd tɪ ɪts loʊəst ˈlɛvəl sɪns 1985 ənd æt wən pɔɪnt waɪpt ɔf ðə ˈvælju əv ˈlidɪŋ ʃɛrz. əˈmɪd fɪrz ðət ɪt kʊd spɑrk ə frɛʃ ˈgloʊbəl ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkraɪsəs, mɑrk ˈkɑrni sɛd strit wɑz ˈrɛdi tɪ du ˌwəˈtɛvər wɑz ˈnidɪd tɪ ˈmɪtəˌgeɪt ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv voʊt tɪ liv ðə. ˈsɪti ˈtreɪdərz kˈwɪkli rɪˈspɑndɪd baɪ ˈpleɪsɪŋ bɛts ɔn ən ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪt kət baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðə jɪr. ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər mɑrk ˈkɑrni ˈæˈdrɛsɪz ðə ˈkəntri ˈæftər ðə voʊt. ˈfoʊtəˌgræf: ˈrɔɪtərz ðə ˈgəvərnər wɪl bi dɪˈskəsɪŋ ðə voʊt ənd ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl bloʊ tɪ treɪd, ˈspɛndɪŋ ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl stəˈbɪlɪti wɪθ ˈfɛloʊ ˈsɛntrəl ˈbæŋkərz æt ðɛr ˈskɛʤʊld ˈmitɪŋ ɪn ˈbɑzəl ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd. wɪˈθɪn aʊərz əv ðə liv ˈvɪktəri biɪŋ kənˈfərmd, ðə ˈʧænsələr, ʤɔrʤ ˈɔzˌbɔrn, wɑz ˈbrifɪŋ hɪz ˈfɛloʊ ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈmɪnɪstərz frəm ðə grup əv ˈlidɪŋ ɪˈkɑnəmiz. ɛz fɪrz gru əˈbaʊt hɪz priˈdɪkʃənz əv ə ˌriˈsɛʃən bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə ˌriˈæləˌti, mɔr əˈʃʊrəntsɪz keɪm frəm ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑnəˌtɛri fənd, ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈsɛntrəl bæŋk ənd ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈfɛdərəl rɪˈzərv. ɪn ðə fərst lɪv ˈtɛləˌvaɪzd ˈsteɪtmənt baɪ ə strit ˈgəvərnər, ˈkɑrni sɛd ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ: ər wɛl priˈpɛrd fər ðɪs. ðə ˈtrɛʒəri ənd ðə bæŋk əv ˈɪŋglənd hæv ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ɪkˈstɛnsɪv kənˈtɪnʤənsi ˈplænɪŋ ənd ðə ˈʧænsələr ənd aɪ hæv bɪn ɪn kloʊz ˈkɑnˌtækt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ θru ðə naɪt ənd ðɪs morning.”*.” hɪz ˈkɑmɛnts keɪm ɔn ə drəˈmætɪk deɪ fər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈmɑrkɪts. ˈæftər ˌɪˈnɪʃəl əˈpɪnjən poʊlz ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ naɪt ˈsɪgnəld ə rɪˈmeɪn ˈvɪktəri, ðə paʊnd hæd ˈrælid tɪ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈdɔlər. bət ɛz rɪˈzəlts keɪm ɪn θru ðə naɪt, ˌɪnˈvɛstərz hu hæd bɛt ɔn ə voʊt tɪ steɪ ɪn ðə ˈskræmbəld tɪ sɛl ˈstərlɪŋ. ðə ˈkərənsi ˈtəmbəld mɔr ðən 10 tɪ ɛz loʊ ɛz ˈivɪn ˈæftər ðoʊz ˈlɔsɪz wər trɪmd ɪn ˈleɪtər ˈtreɪdɪŋ, æt ɪt wɑz stɪl æt ɪts ˈwikəst fər 31 jɪrz əˈmɪd fɪrz fər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈaʊˌtlʊk. ˈvoʊtərz hæv ˈɑptɪd fər. ɪf ˈfʊli ˈfɑloʊd θru, ðɪs wɪl bi ən ækt əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk wɪθ ˈgloʊbəl ramifications,”*,” sɛd ˈsæmjul tumz, ʧif ɪˈkɑnəmɪst æt ðə kənˈsəltənsi ˈpænθiˌɑn ˌmækroʊɛkəˈnɑmɪks. ɔn stɑk ˈmɑrkɪts, wɪʧ hæd ˈrælid ɪn ðə tɪ ðə voʊt ɔn mɪˈspleɪst ˈɑptɪˌmɪzəm əˈbaʊt ə ˈvɪktəri fər rɪˈmeɪn, ðɛr wər ʃɑrp fɔlz. ˈbæŋkɪŋ ʃɛrz wər lɛft ˈnərsɪŋ ˈlɔsɪz nɑt sin sɪns ðə kəˈlæps əv ˈjuˈɛs ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt bæŋk ˈlimən ˈbrəðərz ɪn ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkraɪsəs əv 2008 ðə ˈgloʊbəl stɑk ˈmɑrkɪt raʊt wɑz ˈkɔstli fər ðə 15 ˈrɪʧəst ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz, hu bɪtˈwin ðɛm lɔst ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə deɪ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ nuz ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən ˌbɪljəˈnɛr ˈɪndɛks. ˈrɪʧəst ˈpərsən, ˈʤɛrəld ˈgroʊvnər, ðə duk əv ˌwɛstˈmɪnstər, lɛd ðə dɪˈklaɪn wɪθ ə lɔs əv £727m*, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈoʊnər ˈfɪlɪp grin, ˈfɛloʊ lænd ˈbɛrən ərl kɑdoʊˈgɑn, ənd ˈbrunoʊ ʃˈroʊdər əv ˈməni ˈmænɪʤər ʃˈroʊdərz. ɪn ˈhɛvi ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈvɑljumz, ðə 100 fɛl 500 pɔɪnts ɪn ðə fərst fju ˈmɪnəts əv ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈwaɪpɪŋ mɔr ðən ɔf ʃɛr ˈvæljuz. ðə ˈɪndɛks əv ˈlidɪŋ ʃɛrz ˈleɪtər rɪˈkəvərd məʧ əv ðə lɔst graʊnd tɪ kloʊz daʊn 199 pɔɪnts, ər æt wɪʧ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ə lɔs əv ɔn ðə ˈpriviəs deɪ. dɪˈspaɪt ʤaɪˈreɪʃənz, ðə 100 ˈfɪnɪʃt əp əˈbaʊt 2 ɔn ðə wik. ˈəðər ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈbɔrsɪz ˈsəfərd məʧ ˈbɪgər ˈlɔsɪz əˈmɪd kənˈsərnz boʊθ əˈbaʊt ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv fər ðə rɛst əv ðə. ˈɪtəli, wɛr səm bæŋks ər θɔt tɪ bi ˈvəlnərəbəl, ˈsəfərd ɪts ˈbɪgəst stɑk ˈmɑrkɪt lɔs ɔn ˈrɛkərd. ðə 12 fɔl ɪn ˈmaɪˌlæn wɑz ˈmɪrərd ɪn məˈdrɪd, wɛr ðə mud wɑz tɛns əˈhɛd əv ən ɪˈlɛkʃən ɔn ˈsənˌdi. ə ˈpɪrɪk ˈvɪktəri? ˈbɔrɪs ˈʤɑnsən weɪks əp tɪ ðə kɔsts əv rɛd mɔr ɔn wɔl strit, ðə daʊ ʤoʊnz ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈævərɪʤ fɛl pɔɪnts, ər tɪ ðə ˈstændərd 500 drɑpt pɔɪnts, ər tɪ boʊθ ˈɪndɛksɪz tʊk ðɛr ˈbɪgəst lɔs sɪns ˈɔgəst. ɪn ðə, məʧ əv ðə ˈfoʊkɪs wɑz ɔn lɔɪdz ˈbæŋkɪŋ grup, wɛr ʃɛrz ʧeɪnʤd hænz, ər ɛz məʧ treɪd ɪn wən deɪ ɛz ˈjuʒəwəli teɪks pleɪs ɪn 10 ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmaʊntɪŋ ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wʊd hæv tɪ pʊt ɔn hoʊld ɪts ˈɛfərts tɪ sɛl ðə rɛst əv ɪts 9 steɪk ɪn ðə bæŋk fər naʊ. ˈkɑrni ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət ˈlɛsənz hæd bɪn ˈlərnɪd frəm ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkraɪsəs ənd ðə kəˈlæps əv bɪg ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz, wɪθ ðə bæŋk əv ˈɪŋglənd ˈrɛdi tɪ pɔr ˈɪntu ðə ˈmɑrkɪt tɪ əˈvɔɪd ə ˈkrɛdɪt krənʧ. ðə bæŋk wɑz ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ɔl ðə bɪg pleɪərz ɪn ðə ˈsɪti θruaʊt ðə naɪt, ənd ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ˈoʊpənd ðeɪ iʧ ˈɪʃud ˈsteɪtmənts ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ kwɔʃ ˈɛni kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl hɛlθ. ðoʊz hu hæd kæmˈpeɪnd fər ə liv voʊt sɔt tɪ ˌəndərˈskɔr ðə nu ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ðə ənd ɪts ˈbɪznɪsɪz. ʤərɑrd laɪənz, ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts fər grup, sɛd: ˈkɑmɛnts wər ˌriəˈʃʊrɪŋ ənd ˈsɛnsəbəl. aɪ θɪŋk wi ʃʊd əˈvɔɪd ə ˌriˈsɛʃən. loʊər ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts ənd ə ˈwikər paʊnd wɪl hɛlp ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi self-stabilise.”*.” ðɛr wər ˈɔlsoʊ fɪrz ðət ðə plænd ˈmərʤər bɪtˈwin dɔɪʧ ənd ðə ˈləndən stɑk ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ kʊd kəˈlæps ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə liv dɪˈsɪʒən. əˈmɪd ɔl ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ˈtərˌmɔɪl ðɛr wər səm ˈwɪnərz. goʊld, ə ˈheɪvən fər ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ɪn ənˈsərtən taɪmz, roʊz ɛz məʧ ɛz 8
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amid concerns that the eu referendum result risks sparking fresh financial crisis, bank of england governor says it is ready to do whatever is needed
the ratings agency moody’s has lowered the outlook for the uk’s credit rating from stable to negative amid what it said would prove a prolonged period of uncertainty following britain’s vote to leave the european union.
moody’s said the unpredictability of british decision-making had factored into its move, as had the likelihood of lower economic growth that it said would outweigh any savings the uk might hope to get from not having to contribute to the eu budget.
eu referendum: pro-brexit mep admits free movement of labour may not end live read more
“over the longer term, should the uk not be able to secure a favourable alternative trade arrangement with the eu and other countries, the uk’s growth prospects would be materially weaker than currently expected,” the agency’s note said.
standard and poor’s has also warned britain’s top “aaa” credit rating was now at risk.
britain’s vote on friday to leave the eu has sparked widespread turmoil and uncertainty, forcing prime minister david cameron to resign and wiping more than $2tn of value from markets around the world.
leave campaign leader boris johnson has said there is no rush to invoke article 50 of the eu treaty which formally triggers a two-year deadline for exit negotiations however european leaders have said they want the country out of the bloc as soon as possible.
the governor of the bank of england has stepped forward to calm financial markets after the brexit vote sent the pound to its lowest level since 1985 and at one point wiped £120bn off the value of britain’s leading shares.
amid fears that it could spark a fresh global financial crisis, mark carney said threadneedle street was ready to do whatever was needed to mitigate the impact of britain’s vote to leave the eu. city traders quickly responded by placing bets on an interest rate cut by the end of the year.
facebook twitter pinterest mark carney addresses the country after the uk’s brexit vote. photograph: reuters
the governor will be discussing the vote and the potential blow to trade, spending and financial stability with fellow central bankers at their scheduled meeting in basel this weekend.
within hours of the leave victory being confirmed, the chancellor, george osborne, was briefing his fellow finance ministers from the g7 group of leading economies. as fears grew about his predictions of a brexit-induced recession becoming a reality, more assurances came from the international monetary fund, the european central bank and the us federal reserve.
in the first live televised statement by a threadneedle street governor, carney said on friday: “we are well prepared for this. the treasury and the bank of england have engaged in extensive contingency planning and the chancellor and i have been in close contact, including through the night and this morning.”
his comments came on a dramatic day for financial markets. after initial opinion polls on thursday night signalled a remain victory, the pound had rallied to $1.50 against the dollar. but as results came in through the night, investors who had bet on a vote to stay in the eu scrambled to sell sterling. the currency tumbled more than 10% to as low as $1.32. even after those losses were trimmed in later trading, at $1.36, it was still at its weakest for 31 years amid fears for britain’s economic outlook.
“uk voters have opted for brexit. if fully followed through, this will be an act of economic self-harm with global ramifications,” said samuel tombs, chief uk economist at the consultancy pantheon macroeconomics.
on stock markets, which had rallied in the run-up to the vote on misplaced optimism about a victory for remain, there were sharp falls. banking shares were left nursing losses not seen since the collapse of us investment bank lehman brothers in the financial crisis of 2008.
the global stock market rout was costly for the uk’s 15 richest individuals, who between them lost £4bn during the day, according to news organisation bloomberg’s billionaire index. britain’s richest person, gerald grosvenor, the duke of westminster, led the decline with a loss of £727m, followed by topshop owner philip green, fellow land baron earl cadogan, and bruno schroder of money manager schroders.
in heavy trading volumes, the ftse 100 fell 500 points in the first few minutes of trading wiping more than £120bn off share values. the index of leading shares later recovered much of the lost ground to close down 199 points, or 3.2%, at 6,139, which represented a loss of £52bn on the previous day. despite friday’s gyrations, the ftse 100 finished up about 2% on the week.
other european bourses suffered much bigger losses amid concerns both about the political and finacial consequences of brexit for the rest of the eu. italy, where some banks are thought to be vulnerable, suffered its biggest one-day stock market loss on record. the 12% fall in milan was mirrored in madrid, where the mood was tense ahead of an election on sunday.
a pyrrhic victory? boris johnson wakes up to the costs of brexit read more
on wall street, the dow jones industrial average fell 611.21 points, or 3.4%, to 17,399.86. the standard & poor’s 500 dropped 76.02 points, or 3.6%, to 2,037.70. both indexes took their biggest loss since august.
in the uk, much of the focus was on lloyds banking group, where 1bn shares changed hands, or as much trade in one day as usually takes place in 10. speculation was also mounting that the government would have to put on hold its efforts to sell the rest of its 9% stake in the bailed-out bank for now.
carney insisted that lessons had been learned from the global financial crisis and the collapse of big financial institutions, with the bank of england ready to pour £250bn into the market to avoid a credit crunch.
the bank was in contact with all the big players in the city throughout the night, and shortly after the market opened they each issued statements intended to quash any concerns about their financial health.
those who had campaigned for a leave vote sought to underscore the new opportunities for the uk and its businesses.
gerard lyons, a member of the economists for brexit group, said: “carney’s comments were reassuring and sensible. i think we should avoid a recession. lower interest rates and a weaker pound will help the economy self-stabilise.”
there were also fears that the planned $30bn merger between germany’s deutsche börse and the london stock exchange could collapse following the leave decision.
amid all the market turmoil there were some winners. gold, a long-standing haven for investors in uncertain times, rose as much as 8%.
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ɪt ɪz bæd fər jʊr bləd ˈprɛʃər, nɑks jɪrz ɔf jʊr laɪf ənd ɪz ə streɪn ɔn jʊr hɑrt. naʊ ˈsaɪəntɪsts hæv dɪˈskəvərd ðət ˈgeɪnɪŋ weɪt loʊərz jʊr ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns. ðə ˈfaɪndɪŋz ˈfɑloʊ læst wiks ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɪgjərz ðət ʃoʊ ˈbrɪtən ɛz ðə "fæt mæn" əv ˈjʊrəp, wɪθ ˈnɪrli ə kˈwɔrtər əv ˈædəlts ənd mɔr ðən 14 pər sɛnt əv ˈʧɪldrən ˈəndər 16 ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɛz əˈbis. ðə nu ˈfaɪvˌjɪr ˈstədi əv mɔr ðən ˈædəlts kleɪmz tɪ hæv faʊnd ə lɪŋk bɪtˈwin əˈbisəti ənd ðə dɪˈklaɪn ɪn ə ˈpərsənz ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ˈfəŋkʃən. ðə ˈrisərʧ, kənˈdəktəd baɪ frɛnʧ ˈsaɪəntɪsts, wɪʧ ɪz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðɪs mənθs nʊˈrɑləʤi ˈʤərnəl, ˌɪnˈvɑlvd mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən ˈeɪʤɪd bɪtˈwin 32 ənd 62 ˈteɪkɪŋ fɔr ˈmɛntəl əˈbɪləˌti tɛsts ðət wər ðɛn rɪˈpitɪd faɪv jɪrz ˈleɪtər. ðə ˈrisərʧərz faʊnd ðət ˈpipəl wɪθ ə ˈbɑdi mæs ˈɪndɛks ə ˈmɛʒər əv ˈbɑdi fæt əv 20 ər lɛs kʊd ˈriˌkɔl 56 pər sɛnt əv wərdz ɪn ə voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛri tɛst, waɪl ðoʊz hu wər əˈbis, wɪθ ə əv 30 ər haɪər, kʊd rɪˈmɛmbər ˈoʊnli 44 pər sɛnt. ðə ˈfætər ˈsəbʤɪkts ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊd ə haɪər reɪt əv ˈkɑgnɪtɪv dɪˈklaɪn wɪn ðeɪ wər riˈtɛstɪd faɪv jɪrz ˈleɪtər: ðɛr ˈriˌkɔl drɑpt tɪ pər sɛnt, wɛˈræz ðoʊz wɪθ ə ˈhɛlθi weɪt rɪˈteɪnd ðɛr ˈlɛvəl əv ˈriˌkɔl. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz, ə ˈpərsən wɪθ ə əv bɪtˈwin ənd 25 ɪz kənˈsɪdərd tɪ bi æt ən aɪˈdil weɪt, waɪl 25 ɪz ˌoʊvərˈweɪt ənd 30 ər mɔr ɪz rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ˈklɪnɪkəli əˈbis. ˈdɑktər mækˈsim cournot*, hu ˈhɛdɪd ðə ˈstədi, səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz səˈkritəd frəm fæts kʊd hæv ə ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ˈifɛkt ɔn ˈsɛrəbrəl sɛlz, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ˈdiˌkrist breɪn ˈfəŋkʃən. "əˈnəðər ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən kʊd bi ðət sɪns əˈbisəti ɪz ə ˈwaɪdli noʊn ˌkɑrdioʊˈvæskjələr rɪsk ˈfæktər, du tɪ ðə ˈθɪkənɪŋ ənd ˈhɑrdənɪŋ əv ðə bləd ˈvɛsəlz, ðət ðə seɪm ˈhæpənz wɪθ ðə ˈɑrtəriz ɪn ðə breɪn," sɛd ˈdɑktər cournot*, ən əˈsɪstənt prəˈfɛsər ɪn ˈklɪnɪkəl ˌɛpəˌdɛmiˈɑləʤi æt tuˈluz ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. ˈdɑktər ˈdeɪvɪd ˈhæsləm, ðə ˈklɪnɪkəl dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl əˈbisəti ˈfɔrəm, sɛd ðə ˈrisərʧ wɑz əˈlɑrmɪŋ. "ɪt goʊz tɪ ʃoʊ əˈbisəti əˈfɛkts ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɔrgən ɪn ðə ˈjumən ˈbɑdi," sɛd ˈdɑktər ˈhæsləm. bət æn widdecombe*, ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈtɔri ˈmɪnɪstər, sɛd ðət ðə ˈrisərʧ simd ˌənsəˈsteɪnəbəl. "ju ʤɪst nid tɪ lʊk əraʊnd ðə wərld ənd ju wɪl si ˈhənərdz əv θɪn ənd ˈklɛvər fæt ˈpipəl," sɛd mɪz widdecombe*, hu lɔst tu stoʊn wɪn ˈteɪkɪŋ pɑrt ɪn ðə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ʃoʊ səˈlɛbrɪti fɪt kləb. "wɪn aɪ lɔst weɪt ɪt wɑz maɪ ˈweɪˌstlaɪn ðət ˌɪmˈpruvd, nɑt maɪ cerebellum*."
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it is bad for your blood pressure, knocks years off your life and is a strain on your heart. now scientists have discovered that gaining weight lowers your intelligence.
the findings follow last week's government figures that show britain as the "fat man" of europe, with nearly a quarter of adults and more than 14 per cent of children under 16 classified as obese.
the new five-year study of more than 2,200 adults claims to have found a link between obesity and the decline in a person's cognitive function. the research, conducted by french scientists, which is published in this month's neurology journal, involved men and women aged between 32 and 62 taking four mental ability tests that were then repeated five years later.
the researchers found that people with a body mass index a measure of body fat of 20 or less could recall 56 per cent of words in a vocabulary test, while those who were obese, with a bmi of 30 or higher, could remember only 44 per cent.
the fatter subjects also showed a higher rate of cognitive decline when they were retested five years later: their recall dropped to 37.5 per cent, whereas those with a healthy weight retained their level of recall.
according to british guidelines, a person with a bmi of between 18.5 and 25 is considered to be at an ideal weight, while 25 is overweight and 30 or more is regarded as clinically obese.
dr maxime cournot, who headed the study, suggested that hormones secreted from fats could have a damaging effect on cerebral cells, resulting in decreased brain function. "another explanation could be that since obesity is a widely known cardiovascular risk factor, due to the thickening and hardening of the blood vessels, that the same happens with the arteries in the brain," said dr cournot, an assistant professor in clinical epidemiology at toulouse university hospital.
dr david haslam, the clinical director of the national obesity forum, said the research was alarming. "it goes to show obesity affects every single organ in the human body," said dr haslam.
but ann widdecombe, the former tory minister, said that the research seemed unsustainable. "you just need to look around the world and you will see hundreds of thin nitwits and clever fat people," said ms widdecombe, who lost two stone when taking part in the television show celebrity fit club.
"when i lost weight it was my waistline that improved, not my cerebellum."
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ɪn ðə ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ˈtaɪtəld əv ðə ˈsɑvrənti ənd ˌtɛrɪˈtɔriəl ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti əv ukraine,”*,” pɑ kɔlz fər ən ɛnd tɪ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri hɑˈstɪlətiz ɪn juˈkreɪn, ðə fʊl wɪθˈdrɔəl əv ˈhɛvi ˈkæləbər ˈwɛpənri baɪ boʊθ saɪdz, ənd fʊl ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈmɪʃən ənd ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən eɪd ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz. ðə ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri əˈsɛmbli ˈnumərəs ˈsɪriəs ˈɪnsədənts əv ˈprɛʃər, hərˈæsmənt ənd ˌɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən əv ðə ˈmɑnətərz kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ðə ˈkeɪsɪz əv dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ðə ˈæˌsɛts ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs ɪn ˈsərtən ˈɛriəz əv ðə ənd ˈriʤənz kənˈtroʊld baɪ ðə ˈrəʃən ˈhaɪbrɪd ˈfɔrsɪz, ənd ˈərʤɪz ðə ˈrəʃən ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən tɪ teɪk ˈpræktɪkəl ˈmɛʒərz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri sɪˈkjʊrəti kənˈdɪʃənz fər ðə, wɪʧ wɪl prɪˈvɛnt ˈfərðər ˌɛskəˈleɪʃən əv ðə situation.”*.” rɛd əv pəˈlis ˈmɪʃən ki fər diˌmɪlətərəˈzeɪʃən ˈdɛləˌgeɪts ˈɔlsoʊ riˈɪtərˌeɪt səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈpækɪʤ əv ˈmɛʒərz fər ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðə mɪnsk əˈgrimənts, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈrɛləvənt pɑ ˌrɛzəˈluʃənz æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə ˈkraɪsəs ɪn ənd əraʊnd juˈkreɪn. ˌbiˈsaɪdz, ðə pɑ rɪˈspɛkt fər ðə ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv ðə əv frənˈtɪrz ənd ˌtɛrɪˈtɔriəl ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti, ˈpisfəl ˈsɛtəlmənt əv dɪˈspjuts, ˈikwəl raɪts, ənd ˈsɛlfdɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən əv ˈpipəlz ɛz ˈsteɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈhɛlsɪŋki ˈfaɪnəl ækt, ənd kɔlz ɔn ðə ˈrəʃən ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən tɪ riˈstreɪn ɪts əˈgrɛsɪv ˈpræktɪsɪz ənd rɪˈvərs ɪts ˌænɛkˈseɪʃən əv ðə ɔˈtɑnəməs riˈpəblɪk əv crimea.”*.” ˈmɛˌmoʊ. ˈrəʃə ˈænɛkst juˈkreɪnz kraɪˈmiə ɪn mɑrʧ 2014 ˈæftər ɪts trups hæd ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd ðə pəˈnɪnsələ. ən ˌɪˈligəl ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm wɑz hɛld fər tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ɔn əkˈsɛʃən tɪ ˈrəʃə. ˌkraɪˈmiən əˈθɔrətiz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət əˈlɛʤədli əv ðə ˌkraɪˈmiən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən hæd ˈvoʊtɪd fər ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˈrəʃə. rɛd spɑts sɪks ˈhaʊətsərz ɪn mɑrʧ 18 2014 ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld əˈgrimənt ɔn ðə əkˈsɛʃən əv kraɪˈmiə ənd ðə ˈsɪti əv tɪ ˈrəʃə wɑz saɪnd ɪn ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn. ðə wɛst dɪd nɑt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðə ˌænɛkˈseɪʃən ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ wɪʧ ˈsæŋkʃənz əˈgɛnst ˈrəʃə wər ˌɪntrəˈdust. juˈkreɪnz ˈpɑrləmɛnt ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪt ˈfɛbruˌɛri 20 2014 ɛz ðə əˈfɪʃəl deɪt wɪn ðə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən əv kraɪˈmiə bɪˈgæn.
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in the resolution titled “restoration of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of ukraine,” osce pa calls for an end to military hostilities in ukraine, the full withdrawal of heavy caliber weaponry by both sides, and full access to the osce’s special monitoring mission and humanitarian aid organizations.
the parliamentary assembly “condemns numerous serious incidents of pressure, harassment and intimidation of the smm monitors combined with the cases of deliberate destruction of the osce assets taking place in certain areas of the donetsk and luhansk regions controlled by the russian hybrid forces, and urges the russian federation to take practical measures to ensure the necessary security conditions for the smm, which will prevent further escalation of the situation.”
read alsodeployment of osce police mission key for donbas demilitarization – gerashchenkothe delegates also reiterate support for the package of measures for the implementation of the minsk agreements, as well as the relevant osce pa resolutions addressing the crisis in and around ukraine.
besides, the osce pa “underlines respect for the principles of the inviolability of frontiers and territorial integrity, peaceful settlement of disputes, equal rights, and self-determination of peoples as stated in the helsinki final act, and calls on the russian federation to restrain its aggressive practices and reverse its annexation of the autonomous republic of crimea.”
unian memo. russia annexed ukraine's crimea in march 2014 after its troops had occupied the peninsula. an illegal referendum was held for crimeans to decide on accession to russia. de-facto crimean authorities reported that allegedly 96.77% of the crimean population had voted for joining russia.
read alsoosce spots six gvozdika howitzers in "dpr"-controlled areason march 18, 2014, the so-called agreement on the accession of crimea and the city of sevastopol to russia was signed in the kremlin.
the west did not recognize the annexation in response to which sanctions against russia were introduced. ukraine's parliament voted to designate february 20, 2014, as the official date when the temporary occupation of crimea began.
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ə ˈwʊmən ɪz əˈkjuzd əv ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈpɪkʧərz əv hər frɛnd biɪŋ ˈsɛkʃuəli əˈsɔltɪd ənd ðɛn ˈpoʊstɪŋ ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ɔn hər frɛndz sˈnæˌpʧæt əˈkaʊnt. ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz seɪ bɛθ reɪ ˈhɛrɪs, 36 gɑt ˈɪntu ən ˈɑrgjəmənt wɪθ hər frɛnd, 23 waɪl boʊθ wər ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ æt ə ˈpɑrti ɔn ˈɔgəst. 24 ðeɪ ˈleɪtər wɛnt təˈgɛðər tɪ ə kləb ənd əˈnəðər ˈpɑrti ˌbiˈfɔr ˈhɛdɪŋ tɪ ˈhɛrɪs' əˈpɑrtmənt. ðə frɛnd fɛl əsˈlip ənd ˈhɛrɪs əˈlaʊd ə mæn ər ˈsɛvərəl mɛn tɪ ˈsɛkʃuəli əˈsɔlt hər, ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz sɛd. wɪn ðə frɛnd woʊk əp ðə nɛkst deɪ ənd wɛnt tɪ hər hoʊm, ʃi dɪˈskəvərd ˈhɛrɪs hæd juzd ðə frɛndz foʊn tɪ teɪk ˈpɪkʧərz əv ðə əˈsɔlt ənd poʊst ðɛm tɪ ðə frɛndz sˈnæˌpʧæt əˈkaʊnt, wɛr frɛndz əv ðə ˈvɪktɪm sɔ ðɛm, ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz sɛd. ˈhɛrɪs wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ˈæftər wən əv ðoʊz frɛndz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd hər. ˈhɛrɪs' əˈtərni sɛd ʃi wərks ɛz ə ənd ə ˈmɑdəl, ənd ɪz ə ˈstudənt æt ə ˈbjuti skul. ʃi həz θri ˈʧɪldrən. ʤəʤ ʤeɪmz braʊn ˈɔrdərd ˈhɛrɪs hɛld ɔn beɪl. hi ˈɔlsoʊ toʊld hər tɪ steɪ əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈvɪktɪm ənd steɪ ɔf ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə.
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a woman is accused of taking pictures of her friend being sexually assaulted and then posting the photos on her friend's snapchat account.
prosecutors say beth rae harris, 36, got into an argument with her friend, 23, while both were drinking at a party on aug. 24. they later went together to a club and another party before heading to harris' apartment.
the friend fell asleep and harris allowed a man or several men to sexually assault her, prosecutors said.
when the friend woke up the next day and went to her home, she discovered harris had used the friend's phone to take pictures of the assault and post them to the friend's snapchat account, where friends of the victim saw them, prosecutors said.
harris was arrested after one of those friends identified her.
harris' attorney said she works as a masseuse and a model, and is a student at a beauty school. she has three children.
judge james brown ordered harris held on $150,000 bail. he also told her to stay away from the victim and stay off social media.
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nu ˈheɪvən ˈstudənt ərˈɛstɪd ˈæftər ˈloʊdɪd 357 ˈrugər faʊnd ɪn hɪz pəˈzɛʃən ɪn skul ˈstudənt ərˈɛstɪd ˈæftər əˈlərt sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɔfɪsər ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ˈwɛpən nu ˈheɪvən ə ˈrɪvərˌsaɪd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən əˈkædəmi ˈmægnət ˈstudənt wɑz ərˈɛstɪd æt skul ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ wɪn ə ˈloʊdɪd 357 ˈrugər rɪˈvɑlvər wɑz faʊnd ɪn hɪz pəˈzɛʃən, pəˈlis sɛd. ðə ˈʤuvəˌnaɪl wɑz riˈmuvd frəm ðə skul ənd ðə gən wɑz ˈkɑnfəˌskeɪtəd. gən həz ə ˈstɔri ənd ɪt ɛnd ənˈtɪl ju teɪk it,”*,” pəˈlis ʧif din sɛd ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ æt ðə ˈwikli ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈmitɪŋ. ən əˈlərt sɪˈkjʊrəti gɑrd ˈriəˌlaɪzd ˈsəmθɪŋ wɑz rɔŋ ənd faʊnd ðə ˈwɛpən ɪn ðə ˈʤækɪt, əˈsɪstənt pəˈlis ʧif əˈkɪliz sɛd. wɑz gʊd wərk baɪ ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti officer,”*,” sɛd. ˈrɪvərˌsaɪd, ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɔn 560 ˈɛlə ti. ˈgræsoʊ ˈbʊləˌvɑrd., ɪz ə ˈmægnət skul fər ˈstudənts ɪn naɪnθ θru twɛlfθ greɪd. ˈstudənts hu ˈɛnər ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ hæv tɪ səbˈmɪt tɪ ə wɑnd ənd ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ðɛr bægz sərʧt. hərd, ə skul sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɔfɪsər fər 13 jɪrz, ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ðə ˈwɛpən ɪn ðə ˈʤækɪt. tɪ ɪm. wi hæv ˈstændərd ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ prəˈsiʤərz ənd ˌɛskəˈleɪʃən ˈproʊtəˌkɔlz ənd hi ˈfɑloʊd hɪz ˈtreɪnɪŋ tɪ ə t,”*,” sɛd wɪl klɑrk, ʧif ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈɔfɪsər fər nu ˈheɪvən ˈpəblɪk skulz. hərd ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɔfɪsər əˈsaɪnd tɪ ˈrɪvərˌsaɪd, ðoʊ ə ˈsɛkənd ˈɔfɪsər ˈɔfən əˈsɪsts, klɑrk sɛd. ɪn ə ˈkrɪmənəl ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən səʧ ɛz ðɪs wən, ðə skul sɛndz ɔl əv ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ pəˈlis, hu ˈhændəl ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ɪz ə ˈmændəˌtɔri ɪkˈspəlʃən sɪˈnɛrioʊ ˈəndər kəˈnɛtəkət law,”*,” klɑrk sɛd. gʊd sɪˈkjʊrəti ɪz əˈbaʊt biɪŋ ˌproʊˈæktɪv, klɑrk sɛd, ənd ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz laɪk ðɪs wən ər ə riˈmaɪndər tɪ steɪ ˈvɪʤələnt. “(“(police*) maɪt hæv ə bæʤ ənd ðeɪ maɪt hæv ðə ˈjunəˌfɔrmz bət ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ həz aɪz ənd ə maʊθ ənd ə heart,”*,” klɑrk sɛd. əv ðə ˈædəlts, stæf ənd ˈstudənts hæv ə responsibility.”*.” hərd əˈtɛndəd ˈwikli ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈmitɪŋ ənd wɑz əˈplɔdɪd fər hɪz ˈɛfərts. ˈsɑrʤənt. æl məkˈfædən brɔt ɪm ðɛr ə ruse,”*,” ˈtɛlɪŋ ɪm hi wɑz ðɛr fər ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈrizən. wɑz gʊd kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən bɪtˈwin pəˈlis ənd ðə skul ənd goʊɪŋ tɪ wərk tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðɪs ˈhæpən again,”*,” sɛd ˈsɑrʤənt. kɑrl ˈʤeɪkəbsən, ˈsupərˌvaɪzər əv ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˌɪnˈtɛl ˈjunɪt. riʧ raɪən flɪn æt
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new haven student arrested after loaded .357 ruger found in his possession in school student arrested after alert security officer located weapon
new haven >> a riverside education academy magnet student was arrested at school wednesday when a loaded .357 ruger revolver was found in his possession, police said.
the juvenile was removed from the school and the gun was confiscated.
“every gun has a story and it doesn’t end until you take it,” police chief dean esserman said thursday morning at the department’s weekly intelligence meeting.
an alert security guard realized something was wrong and found the weapon in the student’s jacket, assistant police chief achilles generoso said.
“it was good work by the security officer,” generoso said.
riverside, located on 560 ella t. grasso blvd., is a magnet school for students in ninth through twelfth grade. students who enter the building have to submit to a metal-detecting wand and also have their bags searched.
alphallah heard, a school security officer for 13 years, located the weapon in the student’s jacket.
“kudos to him. we have standard operating procedures and escalation protocols and he followed his training to a t,” said will clark, chief operating officer for new haven public schools.
heard is the only security officer assigned to riverside, though a second officer often assists, clark said.
in a criminal situation such as this one, the school sends all of the information to police, who handle the investigation.
“this is a mandatory expulsion scenario under connecticut law,” clark said.
good security is about being proactive, clark said, and situations like this one are a reminder to stay vigilant.
“(police) might have a badge and they might have the uniforms but everyone in the building has eyes and a mouth and a heart,” clark said. “all of the adults, staff and students have a responsibility.”
heard attended thursday’s weekly intelligence meeting and was applauded for his efforts.
sgt. al mcfadden brought him there “under a ruse,” telling him he was there for a different reason.
“it was good collaboration between police and the school and we’re going to work to make sure this doesn’t happen again,” said sgt. karl jacobson, supervisor of the criminal intel unit.
reach ryan flynn at 203-680-9962.
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braɪən braʊn əv ˈbɪgˌfʊt show”*” ɪz ɪn. ˈfaɪnəli ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪn. ðə ˈbɪgˌfʊt ʃoʊ ɪz ən ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli prəˈdust, ənˈskrɪptɪd, ənˌriˌhərst, ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈmɑdərətli ˈhjumərəs dɪˈskəʃən əv ðə wərld əv ˈbɪgˌfʊt. braɪən braʊn ˈstɑrtɪd ðə ənd ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ naʊ ɔn ðə bɔrd əv dɪˈrɛktərz əv ðə nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən wʊd eɪp kənˈsərvənsi. maɪnd ʤɔɪnz ðə gaɪz ɛz wɛl, ɛz ðə ɪz hɪz ˈtɑpɪk əv ʧɔɪs. ðə gaɪz ʧæt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈsaɪtɪŋz frəm nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə əv ðɪs ɪˈlusɪv ˈkriʧər. ˈɔlsoʊ, ðə haɪ ˈstreɪnʤnəs ɪz brɔt əp ənd ðə ˈɛθɪks əv ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈʃutɪŋ ənd ˈkɪlɪŋ pur ɪz ˈrɪli goʊɪŋ ɔn ɪn ðə bæk wʊdz əv nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə. http://thebigfootshow.com*/ http://woodape.org*/ ɪn ðə ˈɪntroʊ ˈdɑrən ənd græm tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈlɪsənər ˈfidˌbæk (ðɛr fərst bɪg troʊl!) ənd ˈstɔriz əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə ˈkəpəl əv synchronicities*. ʧɛk aʊt ðə ˈpɛrəˌdaɪm sɪmˈpoʊziəm 2014 ənd ˈdoʊˌneɪt tɪ ðə ʃoʊ ˈviə ðə. gɪv ˈjuˈɛs jʊr ˈfidˌbæk, ˈstɔriz ənd synchronicities*, ˈviə ˈaɪˌtunz ər ˈəðər ˈpɔdˌkæst ˈplætˌfɔrmz, ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ər iˈmeɪl græm æt pis! hɛlp aʊt ðə ʃoʊ!! http://www.grimerica.ca/moneybomb*/ θæŋks dɑrˈnɛl fər hɛlp wɪθ ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt http://www.darnelldigitalink.com*/ ˈpɛrəˌdaɪm sɪmˈpoʊziəm 2014 http://www.paradigmsymposium.com*/ mˈjuzɪk θim lɑk ki ɛks faɪlz dəb ɪf ju ˌɑnˈdreɪə ˈwɛŋər ɑrt ˈbəkˌmɪnstər ˈfʊlər kəˈlæps əv ˈhɪstəri krɪˈstin
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brian brown of “the bigfoot show” is in grimerica. finally talking about sasquatch in grimerica. the bigfoot show is an occasionally produced, unscripted, unrehearsed, and sometimes moderately humorous discussion of the world of bigfoot. brian brown started the bfs and is also now on the board of directors of the north american wood ape conservancy. fortean mind joins the guys as well, as the sasquattle is his topic of choice. the guys chat about the sightings from north america of this elusive creature. also, the high strangeness is brought up and the ethics of actually shooting and killing poor sasq…..what is really going on in the back woods of north america.
http://thebigfootshow.com/
https://www.facebook.com/thebigfootshow
http://woodape.org/
https://twitter.com/thebigfootshow
in the intro darren and graham talk about listener feedback (their first big troll!) and stories along with a couple of synchronicities. check out the paradigm symposium 2014 and donate to the grimerica show via the 50/50 moneybomb.
give us your feedback, stories and synchronicities, via itunes or other podcast platforms, comment on website or email graham at graham@grimerica.com
peace!
50/50 moneybomb – help out the show!!
http://www.grimerica.ca/moneybomb/
thanks darnell for help with the website
http://www.darnelldigitalink.com/
paradigm symposium 2014
http://www.paradigmsymposium.com/
music
grimerica theme – lock & key
x files dub – dubway beatfresh
skrux – if you
andrea wenger – art
buckminster fuller – neverslow
collapse of history – christine remix
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ðə ˈhənˌdeɪ kup həz bɪn riˈmuvd frəm ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈlaɪˌnəp fər 2015 dɪˈspaɪt ˈhævɪŋ bɪn ˈɔfərd fər ʤɪst tu ˈmɑdəl jɪrz, 2013 ənd 2014 ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ˈhənˌdeɪ ˈmoʊtər əˈmɛrɪkə kənˈfərmd ðə nuz bət ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt. ““yes*, ɪt ɪz dɪskənˈtɪnjud. ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ pʊt ɔl ɑr ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn səˈdæn ənd gt,”*,” ˈspoʊksmən ʤɪm ˈtreɪnər toʊld ˈɛdməndz. ˈɑbviəsli, ðɪs minz ðə kup ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri seɪlz rɪˈzəlts, wɪθ ɪts ˌdɪskənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃən ˈlivɪŋ baɪərz wɪθ fjuər ˈʧɔɪsɪz ɪn ðə əˈfɔrdəbəl ˈkɑmpækt kup ˌsɛgˈmɛnt, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˈhɔndə ˈsɪvɪk kup ənd kiər ˈfɔrteɪ koup*. beɪst ɔn ðə səˈdæn, ðə kup wɑz ˈoʊnli ˈɔfərd fər ðə ˈmɑdəl jɪrz. ˈkəstəmərz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ðə ˈmɑdəl ʃʊd hæv noʊ ˈprɑbləmz ˈfaɪndɪŋ wən ðoʊ, ɛz ˈdilərz hæv rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˌɪnvənˈtɔriz əv ðə 2014 kup. ðə ˈmɑdəl stɑrts æt ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ən 810 ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən ʧɑrʤ. ðə 2014 ˈhənˌdeɪ kup ɪz paʊərd baɪ ə ˈgæsəˌlin ˈɪnʤən ˈreɪtɪd æt 173 ˈhɔrˌspaʊər ənd 154 209 nm*) əv tɔrk, ˈmeɪtɪd tɪ ə ˌɔtəˈmætɪk trænzˈmɪʃən. ɪt rɪˈtərnz ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd 24 ˈɛmˈpiˈʤi ˈsɪti ənd 34 ˈɛmˈpiˈʤi ˈhaɪˌweɪ. ˈfoʊˌtoʊz
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the hyundai elantra coupe has been removed from the automaker’s us lineup for 2015, despite having been offered for just two model years, 2013 and 2014.
a spokesman for hyundai motor america confirmed the news but didn’t elaborate. “yes, it is discontinued. we’ve decided to put all our focus on elantra sedan and elantra gt,” spokesman jim trainor told edmunds.
obviously, this means the elantra coupe didn’t enjoy satisfactory sales results, with its discontinuation leaving buyers with fewer choices in the affordable compact coupe segment, which includes the honda civic coupe and kia forte koup.
based on the elantra sedan, the coupe was only offered for the 2013-2014 model years. customers interested in the model should have no problems finding one though, as dealers have remaining inventories of the 2014 elantra coupe. the model starts at $20,410, including an $810 destination charge.
the 2014 hyundai elantra coupe is powered by a 2.0-liter four-cylinder direct-injection gasoline engine rated at 173 horsepower and 154 lb-ft (209 nm) of torque, mated to a 6-speed automatic transmission. it returns an epa estimated 24 mpg city and 34 mpg highway.
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ani* baɪ ˈʧɛˌnaɪ: ˈprɛzɪdənt məˈkərʤi ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ kɔld ɔn ðə juθ əv ðə ˈneɪʃən tɪ stɛp əp ənd ˌvɑlənˈtɪr ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn ðə ˈsərvɪs əv ðə ˈneɪʃən, ˈædɪŋ ðət jəŋ mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən nid tɪ wərk ˈtaɪrləsli ənd selflessly*, ˈivɪn æt ðə ˈpɛrəl əv ðɛr lɪvz ɪn ðə ˈsərvɪs əv ˈɪndiə. rivˈjuɪŋ ðə ˈpæsɪŋ aʊt pəreɪd əv ðə ˈsəmər tərm æt ðə ˈɔfɪsərz ˈtreɪnɪŋ əˈkædəmi hir, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt sɛd ɪn hɪz ˈæˌdrɛs ðət ˈɪndiə rikˈwaɪərz naʊ mɔr ðən ˈɛvər, ðət jəŋ mɛn ˈwɪmən teɪk əp ˈʧælənʤ əv ˈgaɪdɪŋ ˈneɪʃən θru ˈtrəbəld ˈwɔtərz. ˈspikɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈnuli kəˈmɪʃənd bæʧ əv kəˈdɛts, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈædɪd ðət ən ˈoʊnərəs tæsk əˈweɪts iʧ wən əv ðɛm ɪn dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ðə ˈneɪʃən ənd prəˈtɛktɪŋ ɪts ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti. rɪˈmɛmbər ðɛr ər mɔr ðən ə ˈbɪljən ˈɪndiən ˈfɛloʊ ˈsɪtɪzənz ˈlʊkɪŋ əp tɪ ju ˈɛvəri ˈmoʊmənt wɪθ ˌædmərˈeɪʃən, ɔ ənd rɪˈspɛkt fər wət ju ər, ðə greɪt ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ju sərv ɪn ənd wət ju ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ du fər ðɪs ˈneɪʃən æt ðə taɪm əv ˈrɛkənɪŋ. ɔn jʊr ˈʃoʊldərz ənd θru jʊr prəˈfɛʃənəˌlɪzəm meɪ ðə ˈɪndiən ˈɑrmi raɪz tɪ ˈivɪn ˈgreɪtər heights,”*,” hi sɛd. əˈsərtɪŋ ðət sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈʧælənʤɪz goʊ məʧ bɪɔnd kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˈbɔrdərz ənd kənˈvɛnʃənəl θrɛts ɪn ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ərˈinə, ˈprɛzɪdənt məˈkərʤi ˈsteɪtɪd ðət taɪm ənd əˈgɛn, ðə ˈneɪʃən həz ˈfɑlən bæk ɔn ðə ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈkraɪsəs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz, boʊθ ˈmænˈmeɪd ənd ˈnæʧərəl. ˈsɛnʧəri həz ˈəʃərd ɪn ɪts oʊn sɛt əv ˈʧælənʤɪz. ðoʊ ˈtərbjələns ənd ənˈsərtənti hæv ˈmænəˌfɛstəd ɔl əˈlɔŋ ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈmænˈkaɪnd, ðɪs ˈsɛnʧəri ɪz ˈwɪtnəsɪŋ keɪɑs ənd straɪf əv ə ˈvɛri ˈvɪrələnt ˈneɪʧər ɛnˈkəmpəsɪŋ ˈwɔrˌfɛr ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ boʊθ steɪt ənd nɑn steɪt actors,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈwɔrnɪŋ ðə kəˈdɛts ðət ðɛr ˈlidərˌʃɪp əˈbɪləˌtiz wɪl bi ˈtɛstɪd ˈəndər faɪər ˈlɪtərəli wɪn ðeɪ ər ˈbætəlɪŋ ɑdz ðət sim ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbəl, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt kɔld ɔn ðɛm tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ðɛr ər ə ˈbɪljən hoʊps pɪnd ɔn ðɛm.
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ani by
chennai: president pranab mukherjee on saturday called on the youth of the nation to step up and volunteer themselves in the service of the nation, adding that young men and women need to work tirelessly and selflessly, even at the peril of their lives in the service of india.
reviewing the passing out parade of the summer term at the officers training academy here, the president said in his address that india requires now more than ever, that young men & women take up challenge of guiding nation through troubled waters.
speaking to the newly commissioned batch of cadets, the president added that an onerous task awaits each one of them inending the nation and protecting its integrity.
“always remember there are more than a billion indian fellow citizens looking up to you every moment with admiration, awe and respect for what you are, the great institution you serve in and what you are expected to do for this nation at the time of reckoning. on your shoulders and through your professionalism may the indian army rise to even greater heights,” he said.
asserting that india’s security challenges go much beyond conventional borders and conventional threats in the international arena, president mukherjee stated that time and again, the nation has fallen back on the armed forces in internal crisis situations, both manmade and natural.
“the 21st century has ushered in its own set of challenges. though turbulence and uncertainty have manifested all along in the history of mankind, this century is witnessing chaos and strife of a very virulent nature encompassing asymmetric warfare involving both state and non state actors,” he said.
warning the cadets that their leadership abilities will be tested under fire literally when they are battling odds that seem insurmountable, the president called on them to remember there are a billion hopes pinned on them.
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fər ðoʊz juzd tɪ dɪˈvɛləpmənt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ maɪt nɑt sim ɔl ðət bæd: klæs ˈjuzər beɪs :əˈkaʊnt :poʊsts :iˈmeɪl :wɪθ ˈpraɪvət update_attributes*! :steɪt 'ˈpɛndɪŋ' ɛnd dɪˈlɪvər iˈmeɪl ɛnd ɛnd ɪf rɛd ˈsændi metz’*’ bʊk (ər hæv ən ˈbækˌgraʊnd) ˈnoʊtɪs ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs kənˈvɛnʃənəl reɪlz koʊd. nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪz ɪt ə juʤ mɛs əv dɪˈpɛndənsiz, ɪt ˈvaɪəleɪts dæm nɪr ˈɛvəri pɑrt əv [solid](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/solid_(object-oriented_design*) dɪˈzaɪn ðət wi ˈpræktɪs ɛz ə minz əv ˈkipɪŋ ɑr koʊd ˈnɪmbəl. soʊ ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪv?. ðə ˈdætə ˈækˌsɛs ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈpætərn ˈjuzɪz ən ˈɑbʤɛkt tɪ ˈmænɪʤ pərˈsɪstəns ənd lɛt ðət ˈɑbʤɛkt du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls. ˈifɛktɪvli, ɪt meɪks ðə əˈbəv klæs lʊk laɪk ðɪs: klæs ˈjuzər beɪs :əˈkaʊnt :poʊsts ɛnd ər, ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ gɪt rɪˈlɪʤəs: klæs ˈjuzər beɪs ɛnd (ˈpərsənəli, aɪ θɪŋk əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ər ðə θɪŋ dɪz raɪt soʊ faɪn ˈlivɪŋ ðoʊz ɪn.) wi ʤɪst tʊk ə lɔt əv koʊd aʊt əv ðə ˈjuzər klæs ənd ɪt həz tɪ goʊ ˈsəmˌwɛr ɛls. wɛr? wɛl, ðət dɪˈpɛndz ɔn wət ɪt dɪz. kənˈsɪdər ðɪs ˌriɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən: klæs ˈjuzər beɪs :əˈkaʊnt :poʊsts ɛnd ˈmɑʤul klæs ˌɪnˈvæləd ɛnd sɛlf ˈvælədeɪt! ˈrɛkərd ənˈlɛs ˈrɛkərd iˈmeɪl reɪz ˌɪnˈvæləd ɛnd ɛnd ɛnd ˈmɑʤul iˈmeɪl sɛlf ˈwɛlkəm iˈmeɪl ˈhændəl iˈmeɪl dɪˈlɪvəri ɛnd ɛnd klæs :ˈrɛkərd ˌɪˈnɪʃəˌlaɪz ˈrɛkərd əm ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə bɪˈkəz @ˈrɛkərd ˈrɛkərd ðə 'ˈrɛkərd' ˈɑbʤɛkt filz laɪk ˌɪnˈtərnəl steɪt ənd ɛnd ðɛr meɪ bi ˈækʃənz wi wɔnt tɪ pərˈfɔrm ɔn ðət ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈdʊrɪŋ ə steɪt trænˈzɪʃən ˈpɛndɪŋ! ˈrɛkərd steɪt 'ˈpɛndɪŋ' ˈrɛkərd seɪv! ɛnd ɛnd ˈmɑʤul ju naʊ hæv tɪ juz ðɪs tɪ tɛl sɛlf pərˈsɪstəns wət ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪz ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ˈdætəˌbeɪs @pərˈsɪstəns pərˈsɪstəns. ðɪs ɪz wɛr ju pæs ɪn ɛnd jʊr daʊ ər, ɪn tɛsts, jʊr stəb ˈɑbʤɛkt sɛlf kəmˈplit! ˈdætə əm nɑt ˈbɑðərɪŋ tɪ meɪk ən ˈrɛkərd @pərˈsɪstəns nu ˈdætə klæs æt ðɪs pɔɪnt bɪˈkəz wi doʊnt nid ɪt jɛt. ˈvælədeɪt! ˈrɛkərd ˈrɛkərd seɪv! nu ˈrɛkərd ˈpɛndɪŋ! iˈmeɪl ˈwɛlkəm ˈdætə :iˈmeɪl ɛnd ɛnd wi naʊ hæv ˈmɛni mɔr laɪnz əv koʊd ənd ˈmɛni mɔr ˈɑbʤɛkts soʊ ɪt maɪt lʊk laɪk wi ʤɪst ˈædɪd kəmˈplɛksɪti bət ɪn fækt rɪˈdust ɪt. ɪf kəmˈplɛksɪti ɪz ðə ɪnˈtæŋgəlmənt əv ˈkɑnsɛpts, ðɛn riˈmuvd ˈnɪrli ɔl kəmˈplɛksɪti frəm ðɪs ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. wɔk θru ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz bɪt baɪ bɪt. riˈmuvɪŋ wi tərnd ə ˈkəpəl ˈɪntu dɪˈrɛkt koʊd ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən. ju naʊ noʊ ɪgˈzæktli wɪn ðə iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs wɪl bi ˈvælədeɪtəd ənd wɪn ðə ˈwɛlkəm ˈmɛsɪʤ wɪl bi sɛnt. ju ˈɔlsoʊ noʊ haʊ tɪ stəb aʊt ðə ˈɑbʤɛkts ðət pərˈfɔrm ðoʊz ˈfəŋkʃənz ɪn jʊr tɛsts. ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ ə ˈprɑpər steɪt məˈʃin ðɪs ɪz maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt. ə reɪlz ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən æt wərk ðət muvz ə lɔt əv ˈməni əraʊnd ənd nidz tɪ ˈhændəl ˈmɛni ˌɪnərˈmidiɪt steɪts wɪθ ˈvɛri prɪˈsaɪs rulz əˈbaʊt wɪn θɪŋz ər ˈpərʧəst, peɪd fər, əˈpruvd, rɪˈʤɛktɪd, rɪˈtərnd, rɪˈfəndɪd, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ɪf wi wər tɪ traɪ tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ðɪs ˈlɑʤɪk ˌɪnˈsaɪd ən klæs bi ˈfaɪtɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə weɪt əv reɪlz ˈɛvəri taɪm wi ɪkˈstɛndɪd ðə steɪt græf. moʊst reɪlz ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz wərkt ɔn hæv ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli hæd səm kaɪnd əv steɪt məˈʃin ɪn ðɛm. traɪd tu ʤɛmz boʊθ kɔld ənd bɪlt ˈsɛvərəl ˈtɛrəbəl ənd ˈvərʒənz ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ˈnəθɪŋ həz wərkt ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈpʊlɪŋ ɔl ðə ˈlɑʤɪk aʊt ˈɪntu ə nu klæs ənd biɪŋ ˈvɛri ɪkˈsplɪsət əˈbaʊt wət kaɪnd əv steɪt trænˈzɪʃənz jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əˈlaʊz. ˈnoʊtɪs ðə ˈɪnərˌfeɪs tɪ ðə pərˈsɪstəns ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪz ˈoʊnli tu ˈmɛθədz lɑrʤ. ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt ju pæs ɪn rɪˈspɑndz tɪ steɪt= ənd seɪv! ðə klæs wɪl wərk. wɪʧ minz ju du nɑt nid tɪ pæs ɪn ən ˈɪnstəns ɪn jʊr tɛsts ˈɛni ˈsɪmpəl mɑk wɪl du. ˈædɪŋ seɪn tu mənθs əˈgoʊ aɪ wɑz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ə ˈəpˈgreɪd ənd aɪ faʊnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɪn ə praɪ ˈkɑnsoʊl ˈstɛrɪŋ æt ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪdz əv ə blɑk dip ˌɪnˈsaɪd reɪlz. fər ˈtrɪviəl ˈtrɪviəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ðə reɪlz weɪ əv ˈædɪŋ ˈdætə ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən ɪz ʤɪst faɪn. bət wɪn ju raɪt ðə ˈjɔrsɛlf ju gɪt ɔl ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈbɛnəfɪts: tɛst jʊr wɪˈθaʊt ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli ˈtɛstɪŋ ðət stɪl wərks stɪl wərks tɛst ðə ɛʤ ˈkeɪsɪz əv jʊr bɪˈkəz ju ˈæˌkʧuəli kənˈtroʊl haʊ dɪˈfaɪnd ənd wɪn ðeɪ faɪər haʊ dɪˈfaɪnd ənd wɪn ðeɪ faɪər ˈizəli diˈbəg jʊr bɪˈkəz ju ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ðɛm ɪn ə klæs klæs raɪt ˈhənərdz əv ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən tɛsts ɪf ju wɔnt bɪˈkəz ɔl rən ɪn lɛs ðən ə ˈsɛkənd. ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈfiʧərz frəm ˈdætəˌbeɪs ˈɑbʤɛkts ðə kənˈvɛnʃənəl pæθ wʊd hæv ju taɪp user.create*! params[:user*] ɪn jʊr kənˈtroʊlər. ðɪs ɪz ˈoʊnli gʊd ɪf ˈsərtən ðət kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə nu ˈjuzər ˈrɛkərd ɪz ðə ˈækʃən traɪɪŋ tɪ kəmˈplit. bət mɔr ˈlaɪkli wət ju wɔnt ɪz tɪ kəmˈplit ə ˈjuzər. soʊ signup.complete*! params[:user*] ɪz məʧ mɔr dɪˈskrɪptɪv əv wət ju wɔnt. ˈmeɪbi ju wɔnt tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈjuzər ˈrɛkərd. ˈmeɪbi ju wɔnt tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈbɪznɪs ˈrɛkərd. ˈmeɪbi səʧ ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈækʃən ðət bi ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ əˈkaʊnt ˈbɪznɪs ˈjuzər ənd ˈprɑdəkt ˈrɛkərdz ɔl æt wəns. baɪ ˈkipɪŋ ðə sɪˈmæntɪks ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl ju hæv tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðɛm tɪ kip əp wɪθ ən ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən. ənd ðɛn jʊr tɛsts goʊ zum ðɪs poʊst kɔld tɪ meɪk jʊr reɪlz tɛsts faster’*’ bət ɪt maɪt ɛz wɛl bi. ðə ˈrizən jʊr tɛsts ər sloʊ ɪz ənd jʊr koʊd (ənd ˈrubi) ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈbleɪzɪŋ fæst bət ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ɪn səʧ ə weɪ ðət ju hæv tɪ tɛst iʧ dɪˈpɛndənsiz ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ tɛst ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ðə tɛsts teɪk ə lʊk æt wət ðiz tɛsts wʊd lʊk laɪk ˌbiˈfɔr ənd ˈæftər ðə əˈbəv ˌriɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən. fərst, ðə kənˈvɛnʃənəl reɪlz weɪ: ˌrikˈwaɪər 'config/environment*' ðɪs loʊdz ɔl əv reɪlz ənd dɪˈskraɪb ˈjuzər du ˈɛvəri ˈɑbʤɛkt ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli dɪˈskraɪb 'kriˈeɪtɪŋ' du ˈsəbʤɪkt ˈjuzər kriˈeɪt! lɛt :iˈmeɪl 'm@rvelo.us*' lɛt :neɪm 'ˈmɑrvələs' lɛt iˈmeɪl iˈmeɪl neɪm neɪm ˈkɑntɛkst "wɪθ ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl" du lɛt :iˈmeɪl 'wups' ɪt "ˈdəzənt kriˈeɪt ə nu ˈrɛkərd" du ɪkˈspɛkt ˈsəbʤɪkt ʧeɪnʤ ˈjuzər kaʊnt ɛnd ɛnd ˈkɑntɛkst "wɪθ ˈvælɪd" du ɪt "kriˈeɪts ə nu ˈrɛkərd" du ɪkˈspɛkt ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈjuzər kaʊnt baɪ 1 ɛnd ɪt "sɛndz ə ˈwɛlkəm iˈmeɪl" du :dɪˈlɪvər wɪθ :ˈwɛlkəm iˈmeɪl ˈsəbʤɪkt ɛnd ɪt "sɛts ðə 'steɪt' ˈkɑləm tɪ 'ˈpɛndɪŋ'" du ˈsəbʤɪkt ˈjuzər læst steɪt ʃʊd 'ˈpɛndɪŋ' ɛnd ɛnd ɛnd ɛnd ə rɪˈspɛktəbəl spɛk. ˈrizənəbli klin, tɛsts moʊst əv ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt stəf, ənd goʊ ɔf træk ˈtɛstɪŋ ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri ɛʤ ˈkeɪsɪz ər ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðə koʊd (ˈəðər ðən ðə bɪt). ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈɛvəri ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪn ðət sˈnɪpət ˈbutɪd ɔl əv ənd ˈtɛstɪd ðə fʊl ˈfɔrɪst əv,, ˈdætəˌbeɪs kəˈnɛkʃən ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz, ənd riˈleɪʃənəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ˌɪnˈsaɪd. reɪlz həz ɪts oʊn tɛsts soʊ noʊ pɔɪnt ɪn mi ər ju ðə reɪlz internals*. ðət ʤɪst tərnz ɑr æp ˈɪntu ə ˌgɛrənˈtid nɑt tɪ faɪnd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ˈriˌraɪt ðət tɪ tɛst ˈoʊnli wət wi kɛr əˈbaʊt. ˌrikˈwaɪər 'app/services/signup*' wi ˈoʊnli ˌrikˈwaɪər ðə θɪŋ wi kɛr əˈbaʊt ənd wi trəst ðət _ɪt_ wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈɛni ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈɛni dɪˈpɛndənsiz ðət ɪt nidz. ˈmɑʤul ˌrikˈwaɪər 'ostruct*' wi doʊnt wɔnt tɪ goʊ ˈseɪvɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈækʧəwəl sɛlf ˈɪnstəns ˈdætəˌbeɪs ɔl ðə taɪm, wɪl ʤɪst əˈsum ðət @ˈɪnstəns nu stɪl wərks. ɛnd sɛlf nu iʧ du keɪ vi ˈɪnstəns sɛnd keɪ vi ɛnd ˈɪnstəns sɛnd "seɪv!=" tru ˈɪnstəns ɛnd ɛnd dɪˈskraɪb du ˌbiˈfɔr pərˈsɪstəns ðɪs ɪz wɛr wi ˌɪnˈʤɛkt ðə dɪˈpɛndənsi ˈsəbʤɪkt kəmˈplit! ˈdætə lɛt :iˈmeɪl 'm@rvelo.us*' lɛt :neɪm 'ˈmɑrvələs' lɛt :ˈdætə iˈmeɪl iˈmeɪl neɪm neɪm ˈkɑntɛkst "wɪθ ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl" du lɛt :iˈmeɪl 'wups' ɪt "ˈdəzənt kriˈeɪt ə nu ˈrɛkərd" du ɪkˈspɛkt ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˌɪnˈvæləd ɛnd ɛnd ˈkɑntɛkst "wɪθ ˈvælɪd ˈdætə" du ɪt "kriˈeɪts ə nu ˈrɛkərd" du ˈɪnstəns :seɪv! 1 taɪmz ˈsəbʤɪkt ɛnd ɪt "sɛndz ə ˈwɛlkəm iˈmeɪl" du iˈmeɪl :ˈwɛlkəm wɪθ iˈmeɪl ˈsəbʤɪkt ɛnd ɪt "sɛts ðə 'steɪt' ˈkɑləm tɪ 'ˈpɛndɪŋ'" du ˈsəbʤɪkt ˈɪnstəns steɪt ʃʊd 'ˈpɛndɪŋ' ɛnd ɛnd ɛnd əˈbaʊt ðə seɪm saɪz koʊd ɛz ðə ˈpriviəs ɪgˈzæmpəl bət ɪt rənz ɪn lɛs ðən ə ˈhəndrədθ əv ə ˈmɪlɪˌsɛkənd. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈsplɪsətli tɛsts ˈoʊnli ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈəndər tɛst. wi ðɛn gɪt tɪ æd ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl tɛsts fər ðə ˈəðər kəmˈpoʊnənts ɛkˈstræktɪd. iʧ əv ðoʊz wɪl bi ˈfoʊkɪst ənd ˈɑbviəs. θɪŋz. wət ɪf ə bəg slɪps θru ðə kræks? ˈoʊnli ˌoʊˈkeɪ tɪ stəb ðə dɪˈpɛndənsiz əv ən ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪf tu kənˈdɪʃənz hoʊld: ɪn səʧ ə weɪ ðət ənˈlaɪkli tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə kɔr bɪˈheɪvjər əv ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈəndər tɛst ənd ju stɪl hæv ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən tɛsts ðət tɛst ðə hoʊl swit. soʊ ɪf ˈrizənəbli seɪn əˈbaʊt wət ju ʧuz tɪ stəb ənd ju stɪl raɪt ə ˈbeɪsɪk ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl tɛst ðət ˈoʊnli tɛsts fər ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈkeɪsɪz (nɑt ɛʤ ˈkeɪsɪz) ju kən gɪt əˈweɪ wɪθ ðɪs əˈproʊʧ. hæd ɪˈnəf səkˈsɛs wɪθ ðɪs ˈpætərn æt wərk ðət ˈzeɪvjər ˈædɪd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ tɪ ɑr kənˈfɪgjər du ˌbiˈfɔr :swit du ɪf ˈɑbʤɛkt const_defined*? "reɪlz" ˈɑbʤɛkt const_defined*? "activerecord*" reɪz "ðə reɪlz ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ʃʊd nɑt bi ˈloʊdɪd fər ˈjunɪt tɛsts." ɛnd ɛnd ɛnd raɪt, wi θroʊ ən ˈɛrər ɪf rikˈwaɪərd ˈɛni pɑrt əv reɪlz ɪn jʊr koʊd. ðɪs ɛnˈfɔrsɪz ðət ˈrɪtən loosely-coupled*, dependency-injected*, ˈklæsɪz ˈwɛðər ju ər fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ðoʊz tərmz ər nɑt. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs sˈnɪpət əv koʊd ˈhaɪli ɪˈnəf.
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for those used to activerecord-style
development the following might not seem all that bad:
class user < activerecord :: base belongs_to :account has_many :posts validates_format_of :email , :with => /@/ after_create :deliver_welcome_email after_create :mark_pending private def mark_pending update_attributes! :state => 'pending' end def deliver_welcome_email applicationmailer . deliver :welcome_email , email end end
if read sandi metz’ book (or have an oo
background) you’ll notice something about this conventional rails code.
not only is it a huge mess of dependencies, it violates damn near every
part of
[solid](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/solid_(object-oriented_design)
object-oriented design that we practice as a means of keeping our code
nimble.
so what’s the alternative?. the data access
object pattern uses an
object to manage persistence and doesn’t let that object do anything
else. effectively, it makes the above class look like this:
class user < activerecord :: base belongs_to :account has_many :posts end
or, if you want to get religious:
class user < activerecord :: base end
(personally, i think associations are the thing activerecord does right
so i’m fine leaving those in.)
we just took a lot of code out of the user class and it has to go
somewhere else. where? well, that depends on what it does. consider this
reorganization:
class user < activerecord :: base belongs_to :account has_many :posts end module validator class invalid < standarderror ; end def self . validate! ( record ) unless record . email =~ /@/ raise invalid end end end module email def self . welcome ( email ) ## handle email delivery end end class statemachine attr_reader :record def initialize ( record ) # i'm making the statemachine instantiable because @record = record # the 'record' object feels like internal state and end # there may be actions we want to perform on that # object during a state transition def pending! record . state = 'pending' record . save! end end module signup # you now have to use this to tell signup def self . persistence = ( db_model ) # what object is in charge of database @persistence = db_model # persistence. this is where you pass in end # your dao or, in tests, your stub object def self . complete! data # i'm not bothering to make signup an instantiable record = @persistence . new ( data ) # class at this point because we don't need it yet. validator . validate! record record . save! statemachine . new ( record ) . pending! email . welcome data [ :email ] end end
we now have many more lines of code and many more objects so it might
look like we just added complexity but in fact we’ve reduced it. if
complexity is the entanglement of concepts, then we’ve removed nearly all
complexity from this application. let’s walk through the changes bit by bit.
removing callbacks
we turned a couple after_create callbacks into
direct code execution. you now know exactly when the email address will
be validated and when the welcome message will be sent. you also know
how to stub out the objects that perform those functions in your tests.
introducing a proper state machine
this is my favorite. a rails application at work that
moves a lot of money around and needs to handle many intermediate states
with very precise rules about when things are purchased, paid for,
approved, rejected, returned, refunded, etc. if we were to try to
implement this logic inside an activerecord class we’d be fighting
against the weight of rails every time we extended the state graph.
most rails applications i’ve worked on have eventually had some kind of
state machine in them. i’ve tried acts_as_state_machine , two gems both
called state_machine and i’ve built several terrible and bug-prone
versions myself. nothing has worked as well as pulling all the logic out
into a new class and being very explicit about what kind of state
transitions your application allows. you’ll notice the interface to the
persistence object is only two methods large. as long as the object you
pass in responds to state= and save! the statemachine class will
work. which means you do not need to pass in an activerecord instance in
your tests – any simple mock will do.
adding sane validations
two months ago i was in the middle of a rails2->rails3 upgrade and i
found myself in a pry console staring at the insides of a
validates_each block deep inside rails. for trivial validations and/or
trivial applications the rails way of adding data validation is just
fine. but when you write the validations yourself you get all the
following benefits:
test your validations without simultaneously testing that
activerecord#save still works
still works test the edge cases of your validations because you actually control
how they’re defined and when they fire
how they’re defined and when they fire easily debug your validations because you implemented them in a
well-factored class
well-factored class write hundreds of validation tests if you want because they’ll all run in
less than a second.
separating application-level features from database objects
the conventional path would have you type user.create! params[:user]
in your controller. this is only good if you’re certain that creating
a new user record is the action you’re trying to complete. but more
likely what you want is to complete a user signup. so
signup.complete! params[:user] is much more descriptive of what you
want. maybe you want to create a user record. maybe you want to create a
business record. maybe such an important action that you’ll be
generating account , business , user , and product records all at
once. by keeping the controller-level semantics high-level you won’t
have to change them to keep up with an evolving implementation.
and then your tests go zoom
this post isn’t called ‘how to make your rails tests faster’ but it
might as well be. the reason your tests are slow is activerecord and
actioncontroller . your code (and ruby) is actually blazing fast but
it’s organized in such a way that you have to test each object’s
dependencies if you want to test the object itself.
the tests
let’s take a look at what these tests would look like before and after
the above reorganization. first, the conventional rails way:
## file:spec/models/user_spec.rb require 'config/environment' # this loads all of rails and autoloads describe user do # every object automatically describe 'creating' do subject { user . create! params } let ( :email ) { 'm@rvelo.us' } let ( :name ) { 'marvelous' } let ( :params ) { { email : email , name : name } } context "with invalid email" do let ( :email ) { 'whoops' } it "doesn't create a new record" do expect { subject } . to_not change { user . count } end end context "with valid params" do it "creates a new record" do expect { subject } . to change { user . count } . by ( 1 ) end it "sends a welcome email" do actionmailer . should_receive ( :deliver ) . with ( :welcome , email ) subject end it "sets the 'state' column to 'pending'" do subject user . last . state . should == 'pending' end end end end
that’s a respectable spec. reasonably clean, tests most of the
important stuff, and doesn’t go off track testing unnecessary edge cases
or the implementation of the code (other than the actionmailer bit).
however, every example in that snippet booted all of activerecord and
tested the full forest of callbacks, validations, database connection
mechanisms, and relational associations inside activerecord. rails has
its own tests so no point in me or you re-testing the rails
internals. that just turns our app into a seti@home guaranteed
not to find anything.
let’s rewrite that to test only what we care about.
## file:spec/unit/services/signup_spec.rb require 'app/services/signup' # we only require the thing we care about # and we trust that _it_ will require any # require any dependencies that it needs. module fakedao require 'ostruct' # we don't want to go saving to the actual def self . instance # database all the time, we'll just assume that @instance ||= openstruct . new # activerecord still works. end def self . new ( attrs ) attrs . each do | k , v | instance . send " #{ k } =" , v end instance . send "save!=" , true instance end end describe signup do before { signup . persistence = fakedao } # this is where we inject the dependency subject { signup . complete! data } let ( :email ) { 'm@rvelo.us' } let ( :name ) { 'marvelous' } let ( :data ) { { email : email , name : name } } context "with invalid email" do let ( :email ) { 'whoops' } it "doesn't create a new record" do expect { subject } . to raise_error ( validator :: invalid ) end end context "with valid data" do it "creates a new record" do fakedao . instance . should_receive ( :save! ) . at_least ( 1 ) . times subject end it "sends a welcome email" do email . should_receive ( :welcome ) . with ( email ) subject end it "sets the 'state' column to 'pending'" do subject fakedao . instance . state . should == 'pending' end end end
that’s about the same size code as the previous example but it runs in
less than a hundredth of a millisecond. it also explicitly tests only
signup – the object under test.
we then get to add individual tests for the other components we’ve
extracted. each of those will be focused and obvious.
you’re stubbing things. what if a bug slips through the cracks?
it’s only okay to stub the dependencies of an object if two conditions
hold: you’re stubbing in such a way that you’re unlikely to change the
core behavior of the object under test and you still have high-level
integration tests that test the whole suite.
so if you’re reasonably sane about what you choose to stub and you still
write a basic high-level test that only tests for the primary cases (not
edge cases) you can get away with this approach.
we’ve had enough success with this pattern at work that
xavier added the following to our
spec/unit_helper.rb :
rspec . configure do | config | config . before ( :suite ) do if object . const_defined? ( "rails" ) || object . const_defined? ( "activerecord" ) raise "the rails environment should not be loaded for unit tests." end end end
that’s right, we throw an error if required any part of rails in
your code. this enforces that written loosely-coupled,
dependency-injected, dao-style persistence-oriented classes whether you
are familiar with those terms or not. i can’t recommend this snippet of
code highly enough.
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it’s* bɪn faɪv jɪrz naʊ sɪns ˈkrɪstəfər læst fɪlm fər jʊr kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən hɪt ˈθiətərz, ənd ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi dɪd ə ʃɔrt fɪlm ənd tʊr wɪθ ˈspaɪnəl tæp ənd ˈɔlsoʊ əˈpɪrd ɪn naɪt æt ðə mˈjuziəm: ˈbætəl əv ðə smɪθˈsoʊniən ənd ðə ˌɪnˈvɛnʃən əv laɪɪŋ, ðɛr bɪn ˈɛni əˈfɪʃəl wərd ɔn ə nu ˈfiʧər fɪlm frəm ɪm. ə ˈkəpəl əv jɪrz əˈgoʊ ðɛr wər ˈrumərz ðət hi maɪt bi ˈplænɪŋ ə ˈkɑmədi ðət riˈvɑlvd əraʊnd əbˈsɛsɪv kəˈlɛktərz, bət θɪŋz kˈwɪkli wɛnt ˈsaɪlənt ɔn ðət frənt. ðɛn æt ðə ˈɔskərz ðɪs jɪr, gɛst ənd hɪz ˈpɑsi tərnd ɪn ə ˈbrɪljənt skɛʧ əˈbaʊt ˈfoʊkɪs grups, ˈlidɪŋ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl tɪ ˈwəndər waɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ soʊ lɔŋ fər ðə nɛkst ˈkrɪstəfər gɛst ˈmuvi tɪ məˈtɪriəˌlaɪz. ðɪs wik wi ˈfaɪnəli hæv ə bɪt əv ən ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən θæŋks tɪ ˈjuʤin ˈlɛvi; ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ɛz ɪt tərnz aʊt ðɛr meɪ nɑt ˈivɪn bi əˈnəðər ˈkrɪstəfər gɛst ˈmuvi. wət hi hæd tɪ seɪ: ““well*, wi hæd ə ˈlɪtəl riˈunjən æt ðə ˈɔskərz. tɪ ˈænsər ðət kˈwɛʃən, ˈnəθɪŋ ɔn ðə hərˈaɪzən. wi ˈrɪli wɔnt tɪ du əˈnəðər ˈmuvi ə ˈmuvi, wɛr gɑt ðə seɪm kaɪnd əv staɪl, bət ju ʤɪst ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt. ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɪz duɪŋ ðət feɪk ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri staɪl naʊ. ˈivɪn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ʃoʊz ər ˈjuzɪŋ ðət feɪk ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri staɪl. soʊ, ˈnəθɪŋ ˈnɑvəl əˈbaʊt ðət, ˌɛniˈmɔr. ənd wi ˈrɪli hɪt ɔn ən aɪˈdiə ðət muvz ˈjuˈɛs ənd ðət wi boʊθ əˈgri ɔn, bət ˈɔlˌweɪz talking.”*.” tru ðət ðə staɪl ɪz ˈɛvriˌwɛr naʊ, θæŋks tɪ ðə ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti əv ʃoʊz laɪk ðə ˈɔfəs ənd ˈmɑdərn ˈfæməli. frəm wət aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər, fər jʊr kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ˈæˌkʧuəli pʊld bæk ɔn ðə foʊ ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri ɛsˈθɛtɪks ə bɪt, ˈpɑsəbli bɪˈkəz gɛst ˈriəˌlaɪzd ɪt wɑz ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ gɪt ə bɪt steɪl. stɪl, sæd tɪ θɪŋk ðət ðə kɪŋ əv ðɪs həz ˈgɪvɪn əp ɔn ɪt ʤɪst wɪn ɪt ɪz æt ðə pik əv ɪts ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti. fər jʊr kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən meɪd ʤɪst 5 ˈmɪljən worldwide…*… ðɪs kʊd bi hɪz ʧæns tɪ meɪk ə ril bɑks ˈɔfəs hɪt! wət du ju think…*… ər ju ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd ðət ˈkrɪstəfər gɛst meɪ ˈnɛvər meɪk əˈnəðər ər du ju θɪŋk raɪt tɪ steɪ əˈweɪ frəm ə ˈfɔrˌmæt bɪn kəmˈplitli pleɪd aʊt?
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it’s been five years now since christopher guest’s last film for your consideration hit theatres, and although he did a short film and tour with spinal tap and also appeared in night at the museum: battle of the smithsonian and the invention of lying, there hasn’t been any official word on a new feature film from him. a couple of years ago there were rumours that he might be planning a comedy that revolved around obsessive collectors, but things quickly went silent on that front. then at the oscars this year, guest and his posse turned in a brilliant sketch about focus groups, leading many people to wonder why taking so long for the next christopher guest movie to materialize. this week we finally have a bit of an explanation thanks to eugene levy; unfortunately, as it turns out there may not even be another christopher guest movie. here’s what he had to say:
“well, we had a little reunion at the oscars. to answer that question, there’s nothing on the horizon. we really didn’t want to do another movie that’s a cookie-cutter movie, where you’ve got the same kind of style, but you just change the subject. everybody is doing that fake documentary style now. even tv shows are using that fake documentary style. so, there’s nothing novel about that, anymore. and we haven’t really hit on an idea that moves us and that we both agree on, but we’re always talking.”
it’s true that the mockumentary style is everywhere now, thanks to the popularity of shows like the office and modern family. from what i remember, for your consideration actually pulled back on the faux documentary aesthetics a bit, possibly because guest realized it was starting to get a bit stale. still, sad to think that the king of this subgenre has given up on it just when it is at the peak of its popularity. for your consideration made just $5 million worldwide… this could be his chance to make a real box office hit! what do you think… are you disappointed that christopher guest may never make another mockumentary or do you think he’s right to stay away from a format that’s been completely played out?
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ðə trəmp əˈʤɛndə siks tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ˈwɪmən ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈvaɪtəl hɛlθ ˈsərvɪsɪz ənd ˈstaɪfəl ðɛr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk sɪˈkjʊrəti. ðət ˈlɔŋgər eɪmd ˈsoʊəli æt ˈwɪmən ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd naʊ trænˈsɛndɪŋ ˈbɔrdərz. ˈwɛðər ðə ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən əv ˈfəndɪŋ fər ˈvaɪtəl hɛlθ ˈproʊˌgræmz, ɪkˈspænʧən əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl gæg rul, ər ˈfeɪljər tɪ əˈpɔɪnt ən fər ˈgloʊbəl ˈɪʃuz, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp həz meɪd ɪt klɪr ðət hɛlθ ənd ˈlaɪvliˌhʊdz ər nɑt ˈivɪn biɪŋ kənˈsɪdərd ɛz ðɪs ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən dɪˈvɛləps ɪts ˈpɑləsi praɪˈɔrətiz. ðə ˈfeɪljər tɪ kənˈsɪdər ˈwɪmən wɪl hæv ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz. ˈwɪmən meɪk əp hæf əv ðə wərld ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ənd kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə ˈgreɪtər gʊd əv ɑr səˈsaɪɪtiz ənd ðə ˈgloʊbəl ɪˈkɑnəmi. ðɛr hɛlθ, ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ, ənd əˈbɪləˌti tɪ θraɪv ər dɪˈrɛkli lɪŋkt tɪ wərld pis ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti. ðə əˈʤɛndə nɑt ˈoʊnli hərts ˈwɪmən hir ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts; ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ hərts ˈwɪmən ɪn ˈəðər pɑrts əv ðə wərld. trəmp ɪz ɪkˈspɔrtɪŋ hɪz əˈʤɛndə əˈkrɔs ˈbɔrdərz ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ weɪz. ə ˈbəʤɪt ðət ɪˈlɪməˌneɪts ˈfəndɪŋ fər hɛlθ ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈproʊˌgræmz læst mənθ, ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt rɛks wɑz prɛst baɪ ˈsɛnətərz ɔn boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə aɪəl əˈbaʊt ðə ˈmæsɪv kəts tɪ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈproʊˌgræmz ɪn ˈbəʤɪt rɪkˈwɛst fər ˈfɪskəl jɪr 2018 ˈəndər ðə prəˈpoʊzəl, ðə juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv steɪt ənd ðə juz. ˈeɪʤənsi fər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl dɪˈvɛləpmənt (ˈjuˈɛˈseɪd) wʊd ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈdræstɪk ˈfəndɪŋ ˈtoʊtəl əv ˈbɪljən, ər pərˈsɛnt əv ðɛr kəmˈbaɪnd ˈkɑrənt ˈbəʤɪts. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst prəˈpoʊzd kət fər ˈɛni ˈkæbənət ər dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪn ðə ˈbəʤɪt. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ðiz kəts meɪ ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənətli hɑrm ˈwɪmən ənd gərlz əˈbrɔd. ðə kəts tɪ ˈbəʤɪt sip ˈɪntu ˈproʊˌgræmz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈgloʊbəl hɛlθ, ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ənd ˈpiˌskipɪŋ. ˈfəndɪŋ fər dɪˈvɛləpmənt əˈsɪstəns ənd fud eɪd wʊd bi ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪd ˌɔltəˈgɛðər. ˈjuˈɛˈseɪd həz pleɪd ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl roʊl ɪn ədˈvænsɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ɪmˈpaʊərmənt, sɪˈkjʊrəti, hɛlθ, ənd raɪts ˈwərldˈwaɪd. ðə ˈeɪʤənsi həz hɛlpt ˈwɪmən ənd gərlz ˈækˌsɛs hɛlθ ˈsərvɪsɪz ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ˈloʊkəl ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪˈkɑnəmiz, ɪˈskeɪp ˈpɑvərti, bi ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ˈpisˌmeɪkɪŋ ˈprɑsɛsəz ˈdʊrɪŋ taɪmz əv ˈkɑnflɪkt, ənd breɪk daʊn ˈbɛriərz tɪ ˈfʊli pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti. ˈjuˈɛˈseɪd həz ˈɔlsoʊ hæd ə ki roʊl ɪn prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ənd rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ˈvaɪələns. ðə ˈbəʤɪt prəˈpoʊzəl fər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈfæməli ˈplænɪŋ ənd ˌriprəˈdəktɪv hɛlθ ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈgæstli, kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈɛvədəns ʃoʊɪŋ ðət ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk sɪˈkjʊrəti ɪz ˌɪntərtˈwaɪnd wɪθ ðɛr ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈfæməli ˈplænɪŋ ənd ˌriprəˈdəktɪv hɛlθ kɛr. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbəʤɪt rɪkˈwɛst ɪˈlɪməˌneɪts ɔl ˈfəndɪŋ fər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈfæməli ˈplænɪŋ ənd ˌriprəˈdəktɪv hɛlθ. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək 2017 ˈbəʤɪt rɪkˈwɛstɪd ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 620 ˈmɪljən fər ðiz ˈproʊˌgræmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ 35 ˈmɪljən fər ðə u.n*. ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən fənd (unfpa*), wɪʧ pleɪz ə ˈpɪvətəl roʊl ɪn ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ən əreɪ əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ənd ˌriprəˈdəktɪv hɛlθ ˈsərvɪsɪz, məˈtərnəl hɛlθ kɛr, ənd ˈimərʤənsi kɛr fər ˈwɪmən ɪn ˈɛriəz. ˈfəndɪŋ fər ðə wɑz wɪθˈhɛld baɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr. ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əˈplaɪd ðə əˈmɛndmənt, ə ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən ɔn ˈfɔrən əˈsɪstəns tɪ ˈɛni ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ðət səˈpɔrts koʊəˈrsɪv əˈbɔrʃən ər ˌɪnˈvɑlənˌtɛri ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən, tɪ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ðə juz. ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ðə. ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ðə ˈproʊˌgræmz hæv bɪn ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtəd baɪ ðə juz. ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn ðə pæst, ənd noʊ ˈɛvədəns əv koʊəˈrsɪv əˈbɔrʃən ər ˌɪnˈvɑlənˌtɛri ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən həz ˈɛvər bɪn faʊnd. ˈblɑkɪŋ ðɪs ˈfəndɪŋ wʊd nɑt ˈoʊnli əˈfɛkt ðə əˈbɪləˌti əv ˈwɪmən ənd jəŋ ˈpipəl tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ˈsɛkʃuəl ənd ˌriprəˈdəktɪv hɛlθ kɛr θru ˈproʊˌgræmz, bət ɪt wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkrɪpəl ðə wərk ɪn ðə moʊst ˈsɛtɪŋz əv mɔr ðən 150 ˈkəntriz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈgətˌmɑkər ˈɪnstɪˌtut, ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ juz. ˈfəndɪŋ fər ðiz ˈvaɪtəl ˈproʊˌgræmz wʊd rɪˈzəlt ɪn ˈmɪljən mɔr məˈʤɔrəti əv wɪʧ wʊd bi pərˈfɔrmd mɔr məˈtərnəl dɛθs, 8 ˈmɪljən mɔr ˌənɪnˈtɛndɪd ˈprɛgnənsiz, ənd 26 ˈmɪljən fjuər ˈwɪmən ənd ˈfæməliz rɪˈsivɪŋ ˈsərvɪsɪz əraʊnd ðə wərld. ðɪs ˈfəndɪŋ ɪz ə ˈlaɪˌflaɪn fər ˈwɪmən ɪn nid əv ˈfæməli ˈplænɪŋ ənd ˌriprəˈdəktɪv hɛlθ kɛr ɪn ðə dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ wərld. baɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ɪt, ˈwɪmən ənd gərlz wʊd bi rɑbd əv ðɛr ˈjumən raɪts ənd ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ meɪk dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ðɛr fˈjuʧərz ənd plæn ðɛr ˈfæməliz. ðə ˈprɑbləmz ɛnd ðɛr. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ sˈlæʃɪŋ ˈfəndɪŋ fər ˈproʊˌgræmz ˈsərvɪŋ ˈwɪmən ɪn ðə ˈpurɪst pɑrts əv ðə wərld, ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈspændɪd wən əv ðə moʊst drəˈkoʊniən ˈpɑləsiz eɪmd æt ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ ˈjumən raɪts ənd ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌriprəˈdəktɪv hɛlθ kɛr. drəˈkoʊniən ˈpɑləsi ðət hərts ˈwɪmən ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər hɪz ˌɪˌnɔgjəˈreɪʃən, ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp ˌriɪnˈsteɪtɪd ənd ɪkˈspændɪd ðə ˈgloʊbəl gæg rul. ə ˈpɑləsi ˈɪnstɪˌtutɪd fər ðə fərst taɪm ˈəndər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈrɑnəld ˈrigən ɪn rɪˈsɪndɪd moʊst ˈrisəntli baɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪn proʊˈhɪbəts ˈfɔrən nɑnˌgəvərnˈmɛntəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz frəm pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɪn spiʧ ənd ækˈtɪvɪtiz. ðiz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ˈkænɑt ˈivɪn juz ˈpraɪvət fəndz tɪ səˈpɔrt əˈbɔrʃən kɛr. trəmp əˈnaʊnst ðə ˌriɪnˈsteɪtmənt əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl gæg rul ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 23 ənd ɔn meɪ 15 ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt əˈnaʊnst ə ˈprɔˌsɛs fər tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ðə ˈpɑləsi. ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt, ˈfɔrməli ˈtaɪtəld laɪf ɪn ˈgloʊbəl hɛlθ assistance,”*,” ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ðə ˈpɑləsi əˈplaɪz tɪ əˈprɑksəmətli ˈbɪljən ɪn juz. ˈfəndɪŋ ənd meɪd ɪt klɪr ðət ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən həz ɪkˈspændɪd ðə ˈgloʊbəl gæg rul əˈkrɔs ɔl juz. ˈgloʊbəl hɛlθ əˈsɪstəns baɪ ˈɛni juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt ər ˈeɪʤənsi tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt əˈlaʊəbəl baɪ ðə law,”*,” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ən ənˈpəblɪʃt ˈjuˈɛˈseɪd ˈdɑkjəmɛnt. ˈgloʊbəl gæg rul əˈfɛkts ˈgloʊbəl hɛlθ ˈproʊˌgræmz ðət ˈæˌdrɛs hɛlθ kənˈsərnz səʧ ɛz ənd eɪdz, məˈtərnəl ənd ʧaɪld hɛlθ, təˌbərkjəˈloʊsɪs, məˈlɛriə, ˈzɪkə ˈvaɪrəs, ˈfæməli ˈplænɪŋ, ˌriprəˈdəktɪv hɛlθ, ənd ˈəðərz. wɪn ɪn ˈifɛkt, ðə rul həz bɪn ˈpruvən tɪ bi ə dɪˈzæstrəs ˈpɑləsi ðət həz kɔzd ˈmɪljənz əv ˈwɪmən tɪ goʊ wɪˈθaʊt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈvaɪtəl ˈsɛkʃuəl ənd ˌriprəˈdəktɪv hɛlθ ˈsərvɪsɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈfæməli ˈplænɪŋ. ɪt həz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkrist ðə reɪt əv əˈbɔrʃənz ɪn ðə dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ wərld, ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ rɪˈdusɪŋ ɪt. ˈfeɪljər tɪ səˈpɔrt ɪmˈpaʊərmənt ˌɔlˈðoʊ trəmp ɪz pərˈpɔrtɪˌdli ˈeɪdɪŋ ðə wərld bæŋk wɪθ ə nu fənd fər ˈwɪmən ˌɑntrəprəˈnərz əraʊnd ðə wərld, hər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl əˈʤɛndə wʊd ˈlaɪkli ˈəndərˌmaɪn ðə goʊl əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli ɪmˈpaʊərɪŋ ˈwɪmən. ˈstədiz hæv ʃoʊn ðət wɪn ˈwɪmən ər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli ðeɪ kən əˈteɪn haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ˈlɛvəlz ənd ʤɔɪn ðə ˈleɪbər groʊ. ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ɪmˈpaʊərmənt ɪz ɪn pɑrt baɪ əˈfɔrdəbəl ənd seɪf ˈfæməli ˈplænɪŋ ənd ˌriprəˈdəktɪv hɛlθ ˈsərvɪsɪz. wɪn ˈwɪmən hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðiz ˈsərvɪsɪz, ðeɪ ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ɪmˈpaʊərd tɪ hæv ˈsɛlfdɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən. əˈməŋ ˈəðər θɪŋz, ðɪs minz ðət ˈwɪmən ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ˈwɛðər ðeɪ wɪl wərk; ɪf, wɪn, ənd haʊ ðeɪ wɪl fɔrm ˈfæməliz; ənd ɪf ðeɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ ˈpɛrənt, haʊ ðeɪ wɪl ˈpɛrənt. θrɛts tɪ ˈwɪmən əˈbrɔd hərt ˈjuˈɛs æt hoʊm ˈmɛni əˈmɛrɪkənz meɪ nɑt ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ ˈsərtən hɛlθ ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈproʊˌgræmz əˈbrɔd kən hæv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌɪmˈpækts æt hoʊm. wɪn ˈpipəl ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ gɪt aʊt əv ˈpɑvərti ˈgloʊbəli, ˈpɑrʃəli du tɪ ðə wərk əv ˈeɪʤənsiz səʧ ɛz ˈjuˈɛˈseɪd, ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kənˈsumərz hu kən ˈpərʧəs juz. ˈprɑdəkts ˌɪnˈkrisɪz. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli sɪˈkjʊr ˈkəntriz ər ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns lɛs ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm, ˈkraɪsiz, ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kraɪm ðən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli ˈɪnsəkjər ˈkəntriz. juz. ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti praɪˈɔrəti əˈʤɛndəz ənd goʊlz ˈɔfən ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðɪs ˌɪˈnɛkstrɪˌkəbəl lɪŋk bɪtˈwin ˈgloʊbəl sɪˈkjʊrəti, prəˈmoʊtəd baɪ hɛlθ ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈproʊˌgræmz, ənd ˈwərldˈwaɪd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk prɑˈspɛrəti. fər ˈɪnstəns, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpmənt əˈsɪstəns ənd fud eɪd, ˈjuˈɛˈseɪd həz pleɪd ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt roʊl ɪn ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈwɪmən ɪn ənd ˈpisˌmeɪkɪŋ ˈprɑsɛsəz. ˈɛvədəns səˈʤɛsts ðət wɪn ˈwɪmən ər ˈsɪriəsli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ənd ˈpisˌmeɪkɪŋ, pis əˈgrimənts ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi sɪˈkjʊrd ənd tɪ pərˈsɪst. dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs ˈɛvədəns, ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən həz ˈʧoʊzən tɪ slæʃ ˈfəndɪŋ, ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈwɪmən ɪn ˈpisˌmeɪkɪŋ ˈɛfərts. ðiz kəts kʊd nɑt ˈoʊnli pəˈtɛnʃəli poʊz ə ˈgloʊbəl sɪˈkjʊrəti θrɛt daʊn ðə laɪn, bət ðeɪ kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ə ˌdɛtrəˈmɛnəl ˈifɛkt ɔn ˈgloʊbəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk prɑˈspɛrəti. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt roʊl ðət ðə steɪt ˈɔfəs əv ˈgloʊbəl ˈɪʃuz pleɪz ɪn ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪŋ ə ˈʤɛndər lɛnz ˈɪntu juz. ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi, əˈməŋ ˈəðər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt wərk, ðə fər ˈgloʊbəl ˈɪʃuz poʊst rɪˈmeɪnz ˈveɪkənt mɔr ðən fɔr mənθs ˈɪntu ðə nu ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. kənˈkluʒən ðə lɪvz əv ˈwɪmən əˈkrɔs ˈoʊʃənz ənd ˈbɔrdərz meɪ sim tu rɪˈmoʊt tɪ ˈpɑsəbli bi kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ən ˈævərɪʤ ˈdeɪli laɪf. waɪl ɪt meɪ bi ˈizi fər səm əv ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr ðə əˈpɔlɪŋ ˈfəndɪŋ kəts ənd drəˈkoʊniən ˈpɑləsiz fər ˈwɪmən ənd gərlz əˈbrɔd, ˈoʊvərˌlʊkɪŋ ðiz kəts ənd ˈpɑləsiz wʊd bi ə greɪv mɪˈsteɪk. nɑt ˈoʊnli ər ðiz ˈækʃənz ˌɪnhjuˈmeɪn, bət ðeɪ meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ən ˌɪmˈpækt æt hoʊm baɪ ˈəndərˌmaɪnɪŋ ˈɛfərts tɪ əˈteɪn ˈgloʊbəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd prɑˈspɛrəti. ʤəˈmɪlə ˈteɪlər ɪz ə ˈsinjər ˈfɛloʊ æt ðə ˈsɛnər fər əˈmɛrɪkən ˈprɑˌgrɛs, ˈsərvɪŋ ɛz ən ˈɛkspərt ɔn dəˈmɛstɪk ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl hɛlθ, ˌriprəˈdəktɪv raɪts, ənd ˌriprəˈdəktɪv ˈʤəstɪs. hoʊmz ɪz ə ˈrisərʧ əˈsɪstənt fər ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv æt ðə ˈsɛnər.
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the trump administration’s anti-woman agenda seeks to deny women access to vital health services and stifle their economic security. that agenda—no longer aimed solely at women in the united states—is now transcending borders. whether it’s the elimination of funding for vital women’s health programs, expansion of the global gag rule, or failure to appoint an ambassador-at-large for global women’s issues, president donald trump has made it clear that women’s health and livelihoods are not even being considered as this administration develops its policy priorities.
the failure to consider women will have consequences. women make up half of the world population and contribute to the greater good of our societies and the global economy. their health, well-being, and ability to thrive are directly linked to world peace and security. the president’s anti-woman agenda not only hurts women here in the united states; it also hurts women in other parts of the world.
trump is exporting his anti-woman agenda across borders in the following ways.
a budget that eliminates funding for health and development programs
last month, secretary of state rex tillerson was pressed by senators on both sides of the aisle about the massive cuts to international programs in trump’s budget request for fiscal year 2018. under the proposal, the u.s. department of state and the u.s. agency for international development (usaid) would experience drastic funding cuts—a total of $11.5 billion, or 29.1 percent of their combined current budgets. this is the largest proposed cut for any cabinet or department in the budget.
unfortunately, these cuts may disproportionately harm women and girls abroad. the cuts to usaid’s budget seep into programs focused on ensuring access to global health, education, and peacekeeping. funding for development assistance and food aid would be eliminated altogether. usaid has played a critical role in advancing women’s economic empowerment, security, health, and rights worldwide. the agency has helped women and girls access health services and education, participate in local and international economies, escape poverty, be included in peacemaking processes during times of conflict, and break down barriers to fully participate in society. usaid has also had a key role in preventing and responding to gender-based violence.
the president’s budget proposal for international family planning and reproductive health is particularly ghastly, considering evidence showing that women’s access to educational opportunities and economic security is intertwined with their access to family planning and reproductive health care. president trump’s budget request eliminates all funding for international family planning and reproductive health. president barack obama’s fy 2017 budget requested a total of $620 million for these programs, including $35 million for the u.n. population fund (unfpa), which plays a pivotal role in ensuring access to an array of sexual and reproductive health services, maternal health care, and emergency care for women in conflict-afflicted areas.
funding for the unfpa was withheld by president trump earlier this year. the administration applied the kemp-kasten amendment, a prohibition on foreign assistance to any organization that supports coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization, to justify eliminating the u.s. contribution to the unfpa. it should be noted that the unfpa’s programs have been evaluated by the u.s. government in the past, and no evidence of coercive abortion or involuntary sterilization has ever been found. blocking this funding would not only affect the ability of women and young people to access sexual and reproductive health care through unfpa-supported programs, but it would also cripple the unfpa’s work in the most resource-constrained settings of more than 150 countries.
according to the guttmacher institute, eliminating u.s. funding for these vital programs would result in 3.3 million more abortions—the majority of which would be performed unsafely—15,000 more maternal deaths, 8 million more unintended pregnancies, and 26 million fewer women and families receiving services around the world. this funding is a lifeline for women in need of family planning and reproductive health care in the developing world. by eliminating it, women and girls would be robbed of their human rights and the ability to make decisions about their futures and plan their families.
the problems don’t end there. in addition to slashing funding for programs serving women in the poorest parts of the world, the trump administration also expanded one of the most draconian policies aimed at violating women’s human rights and eliminating access to reproductive health care.
draconian policy that hurts women
shortly after his inauguration, president trump reinstated and expanded the global gag rule. a policy instituted for the first time under president ronald reagan in 1984—and rescinded most recently by president obama in 2009—it prohibits u.s.-funded foreign nongovernmental organizations from participating in abortion-related speech and activities. these organizations cannot even use private funds to support abortion care. trump announced the reinstatement of the global gag rule on january 23, and on may 15, the state department announced a process for grantees to implement the policy. the announcement, formally titled “protecting life in global health assistance,” stated that the policy applies to approximately $8.8 billion in u.s. funding and made it clear that the trump administration has expanded the global gag rule across all u.s. global health assistance “provided by any u.s. department or agency to the extent allowable by the law,” according to an unpublished usaid document.
trump’s global gag rule affects global health programs that address health concerns such as hiv and aids, maternal and child health, tuberculosis, malaria, zika virus, family planning, reproductive health, and others. when in effect, the rule has been proven to be a disastrous policy that has caused millions of women to go without access to vital sexual and reproductive health services, including family planning. it has also increased the rate of abortions in the developing world, as opposed to reducing it.
failure to support women’s empowerment
although ivanka trump is purportedly aiding the world bank with a new fund for women entrepreneurs around the world, her father’s anti-woman international agenda would likely undermine the fund’s goal of economically empowering women. studies have shown that when women are economically empowered—when they can attain higher educational levels and join the labor force—economies grow.
economic empowerment is undergirded in part by affordable and safe family planning and reproductive health services. when women have access to these services, they are more likely to be empowered to have self-determination. among other things, this means that women are able to decide whether they will work; if, when, and how they will form families; and if they decide to parent, how they will parent.
threats to women abroad hurt us at home
many americans may not understand how certain health and development programs abroad can have economic and security impacts at home. when people are able to get out of poverty globally, partially due to the work of agencies such as usaid, the number of international consumers who can purchase u.s. products increases. additionally, economically secure countries are also more likely to experience less terrorism, crises, and international crime than economically insecure countries. u.s. national security priority agendas and goals often recognize this inextricable link between global security, promoted by health and development programs, and worldwide economic prosperity.
for instance, in addition to providing development assistance and food aid, usaid has played a significant role in involving women in peacebuilding and peacemaking processes. evidence suggests that when women are seriously involved in peacebuilding and peacemaking, peace agreements are more likely to be secured and to persist. despite this evidence, the trump administration has chosen to slash usaid’s funding, decreasing resources to involve women in peacemaking efforts. these cuts could not only potentially pose a global security threat down the line, but they could also have a detrimental effect on global economic prosperity. additionally, despite the important role that the state department’s office of global women’s issues plays in integrating a gender lens into u.s. foreign policy, among other important work, the ambassador-at-large for global women’s issues post remains vacant more than four months into the new administration.
conclusion
the lives of women across oceans and borders may seem too remote to possibly be connected to an average american’s daily life. while it may be easy for some of us to ignore the president’s appalling funding cuts and draconian policies for women and girls abroad, overlooking these cuts and policies would be a grave mistake. not only are these actions inhumane, but they may also have an impact at home by undermining efforts to attain global security and prosperity.
jamila taylor is a senior fellow at the center for american progress, serving as an expert on domestic and international women’s health, reproductive rights, and reproductive justice. kaitlin holmes is a research assistant for the women’s initiative at the center.
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ˈsaɪəntɪsts hæv lɔŋ dəˈbeɪtɪd ˈwɛðər ˈeɪʤɪŋ ˈtrɪgərz ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz ər ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz ˈkɔzɪz ˈeɪʤɪŋ. naʊ, nu ˈrisərʧ rɪˈvilz ðə ˈlætər ɪz tru, ˈæftər ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðət ðə ˈjəŋgər ə ˈwʊmən ɪz wɪn ʃi ˈɛnərz ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz, ðə ˈfæstər ʃi ˈeɪʤɪz. ˈrisərʧərz faɪnd ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz ənd ˌɪnˈsɑmniə wɪʧ ˈɔfən əˈkərz əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz meɪ spid əp ˈsɛljələr ˈeɪʤɪŋ. ˈrisərʧərz faɪnd ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz ənd ˌɪnˈsɑmniə wɪʧ ˈɔfən əˈkərz əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz meɪ spid əp ˈsɛljələr ˈeɪʤɪŋ. ɪn ə nu ˈstədi, ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə prəˈsidɪŋz əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl əˈkædəmi əv ˈsaɪənsɪz, ˈrisərʧərz faʊnd ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz spidz əp ˈsɛljələr ˈeɪʤɪŋ, ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ə ˈwʊmənz rɪsk əv dɪˈzizɪz. əˈnəðər ˈstədi, ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl sɪˈkaɪətri, faʊnd ðət ˈsɪmptəmz əv ˌɪnˈsɑmniə wɪʧ ˈɔfən əˈkər əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ækˈsɛlərˌeɪt ˈeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ˈwɪmən. ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz ɪz dɪˈfaɪnd ɛz ðə taɪm æt wɪʧ ə ˈwʊmən həz hər læst ˈmɛnstrəl ˈsaɪkəl, du tɪ ðə ˈoʊˌvəriz ˈsisɪŋ pərˈdəkʃən əv ðə ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz ˈɛstrəʤən ənd proʊˈʤɛstərˌoʊn. ðə ˈævərɪʤ eɪʤ əv ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz ɪz 51 jɪrz, ðoʊ ɪt kən əˈkər ˈərliər ər ˈleɪtər. waɪl ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz əˈfɛkts iʧ ˈwʊmən ˈdɪfərˈɛntli, ˈsɪmptəmz meɪ ˌɪnˈklud hɑt ˈflæʃɪz, ˈtrəbəl sˈlipɪŋ, ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn mud, ənd vəˈʤaɪnəl ənd ˈblædər ˈprɑbləmz. ɔn ðə ˈsərfəs, ɪt meɪ əˈpɪr ðət ˈeɪʤɪŋ ɪz ðə kɔz əv ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz, ˈgɪvɪn ðət ɪt ɪz ə ˈnæʧərəl ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət əˈkərz ˈleɪtər ɪn laɪf. bət stiv ˈhɔrvæθ, əv ðə ˈdeɪvɪd ˈgɛfən skul əv ˈmɛdəsən æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈænʤəlɪs (ucla*) ənd ˈsinjər ˈɔθər əv boʊθ ˈstədiz, noʊts ðət, fər ˈdɛkeɪdz, ˈrisərʧərz hæv dəˈbeɪtɪd ˈwɛðər ðə ˈɑpəzɪt maɪt bi tru. "ɪts laɪk ðə ˈʧɪkən ər ðə ɛg: wɪʧ keɪm fərst?" hi sɪz. "ɑr ˈstədi ɪz ðə fərst tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðət ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz meɪks ju eɪʤ ˈfæstər." ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz spidz əp ˈsɛljələr ˈeɪʤɪŋ baɪ 6 pərˈsɛnt fər boʊθ ˈstədiz, ðə tim juzd ən "ˌɛpɪʤəˈnɛtɪk klɑk" dɪˈvɛləpt baɪ ˈhɔrvæθ ðət ˈmɑnətərz ˌɛpɪʤəˈnɛtɪk ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈoʊvər taɪm; ðət ɪz, ðə klɑk træks ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ʤin ɪkˈsprɛʃən ðət əraɪz θru ɪkˈstərnəl ər ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈfæktərz. ɪn ðə fərst ˈstədi, ˈhɔrvæθ ənd ˈkɑligz juzd ðə ˌɛpɪʤəˈnɛtɪk klɑk tɪ ˈmɑnətər ə ˈkɛmɪkəl əv ˈsɛljələr ˈeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ ˈsæmpəlz əv mɔr ðən ˈwɪmən ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn fɔr ˈstədiz, wən əv wɪʧ wɑz ðə ˈwɪmənz hɛlθ ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv (whi*). baɪ ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ ɪn bləd, səˈlaɪvə, ənd ˈbjukəl ˈsæmpəlz ə swɑb frəm ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd əv ðə ʧik ðə tim wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈmɛʒər ðə ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl eɪʤ əv ðə ˈwɪmənz sɛlz, ənd ðeɪ kəmˈpɛrd ðɪs wɪθ ðɛr ˌkrɑnəˈlɑʤɪkəl eɪʤ. frəm ðɛr æˈnælɪsɪs, ðə ˈrisərʧərz faʊnd ðət ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz ækˈsɛlərˌeɪts ˈsɛljələr ˈeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ðə bləd baɪ əraʊnd 6 pərˈsɛnt. "ðət ˈdəzənt saʊnd laɪk məʧ, bət ɪt ædz əp ˈoʊvər ə ˈwʊmənz ˈlaɪfˌspæn," noʊts ˈhɔrvæθ. hi ˈjuzɪz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ə ˈwʊmən hu ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ˈərli ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz æt ðə eɪʤ əv 42 baɪ ðə eɪʤ əv 50 hər ˈbɑdi wʊd bi əraʊnd 1 jɪr ˈoʊldər ðən əˈnəðər ˈwʊmən huz ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz ˈstɑrtɪd ˈnæʧərəli æt ðə eɪʤ əv 50 "ɔn ˈævərɪʤ, ðə ˈjəŋgər ə ˈwʊmən ɪz wɪn ʃi ˈɛnərz ˈmɛnəˌpaʊz, ðə ˈfæstər hər bləd ˈeɪʤɪz. ðɪs ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt bɪˈkəz ə ˈpərsənz bləd meɪ ˈmɪrər wəts ˈhæpənɪŋ ɪn ˈəðər pɑrts əv ðə ˈbɑdi, ənd ðɪs kʊd hæv ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər dɛθ ənd dɪˈziz rɪsk." fərst ˈɔθər ˈmɔrgən lɛˈvin, ˈdeɪvɪd ˈgɛfən skul əv ˈmɛdəsən, ˌɪnˈsɑmniə ˌɪnˈkrist ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈeɪʤɪŋ baɪ 2 jɪrz ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈstədi, ˈhɔrvæθ ənd ˈkɑligz juzd ðə ˌɛpɪʤəˈnɛtɪk klɑk tɪ ˈmɛʒər ðə ˈsɛljələr ˈeɪʤɪŋ əv ˈwɪmən hu wər pɑrt əv ðə whi*. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ðə ˈrisərʧərz əˈsɛst ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ˌɪnˈsɑmniə ˈsɪmptəmz əˈməŋ ðə ˈwɪmən, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈrɛstləsnəs, ˈprɑbləmz ˈfɑlɪŋ əsˈlip, dɪsˈrəptɪd slip, ˈtrəbəl ˈgɪtɪŋ bæk tɪ slip, ənd ˈweɪkɪŋ ˈərli. ðə tim faʊnd ðət ˈwɪmən hu hæd faɪv ˈsɪmptəmz əv ˌɪnˈsɑmniə wər ˈɔlˌmoʊst 2 jɪrz ˈoʊldər baɪəˈlɑʤɪkli, kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈwɪmən əv ðə seɪm ˌkrɑnəˈlɑʤɪkəl eɪʤ hu hæd noʊ ˈsɪmptəmz əv ðə slip dɪˈsɔrdər. fərst ˈɔθər ˈʤudɪθ, əv ðə ˈsɛməl ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər nˈjʊroʊˌsaɪəns ənd ˈjumən bɪˈheɪvjər ənd ðə ˈkəzənz ˈsɛnər fər æt, noʊts ðət ðeɪ ər əˈneɪbəl tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˌɪnˈsɑmniə ənd ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ˈwɪmən. stɪl, ʃi dɪˈskraɪbz ðə rɪˈzəlts ɛz "ˈpaʊərfəl ˈfaɪndɪŋz." "nɑt ˈgɪtɪŋ rəˈstɔrətɪv slip meɪ du mɔr ðən ʤɪst əˈfɛkt ɑr ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ ðə nɛkst deɪ; ɪt maɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪnfluəns ðə reɪt æt wɪʧ ɑr ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl klɑk tɪks. ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər, wi wɪl nid tɪ ˈkɛri aʊt ˈstədiz əv ðə seɪm ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ˈoʊvər ən ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm tɪ dɪˈtərmən riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps bɪtˈwin ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl eɪʤ ənd slip dɪˈsɔrdərz." ˈʤudɪθ ðə ˈrisərʧərz strɛs ðət ðə ˈfaɪndɪŋz əv ðiz ˈstədiz ər nɑt ɔl bæd nuz; ðeɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðə ˌɛpɪʤəˈnɛtɪk klɑk kʊd bi ə ˈfizəbəl tul tɪ əˈsɛs ðə ˈifɛkts əv ˈsərtən ˈtritmənts səʧ ɛz ˈhɔrˌmoʊn ˈθɛrəpi ɛz ˈθɛrəpiz. "ðə bɪg kˈwɛʃən ɪz wɪʧ ˌmɛnəˈpaʊzəl ˈhɔrˌmoʊn ˈθɛrəpi ˈɔfərz ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˈifɛkt waɪl ˈlɪmətɪŋ hɛlθ rɪsks," sɪz ˈhɔrvæθ. "noʊ ˈlɔŋgər wɪl ˈrisərʧərz nid tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ˈpeɪʃənz fər jɪrz tɪ træk ðɛr hɛlθ ənd əˈkərəns əv dɪˈzizɪz," hi ædz. "ˌɪnˈstɛd wi kən juz ðə ˌɛpɪʤəˈnɛtɪk klɑk tɪ ˈmɑnətər ðɛr sɛlz' ˈeɪʤɪŋ reɪt ənd tɪ ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt wɪʧ ˈθɛrəpiz sloʊ ðə ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈeɪʤɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs. ðɪs kʊd ˈgreɪtli rɪˈdus ðə lɛŋθ ənd kɔsts əv ˈklɪnɪkəl traɪəlz ənd spid ˈbɛnəfɪts tɪ ˈwɪmən." lərn haʊ ə daɪət rɪʧ ɪn ˈfaɪbər kʊd ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈʧænsɪz əv ˈhɛlθi ˈeɪʤɪŋ.
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scientists have long debated whether aging triggers menopause or menopause causes aging. now, new research reveals the latter is true, after finding that the younger a woman is when she enters menopause, the faster she ages.
researchers find menopause and insomnia - which often occurs alongside menopause - may speed up cellular aging. researchers find menopause and insomnia - which often occurs alongside menopause - may speed up cellular aging.
in a new study, published in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences, researchers found menopause speeds up cellular aging, increasing a woman's risk of age-related diseases.
another study, published in biological psychiatry, found that symptoms of insomnia - which often occur alongside menopause - may also accelerate aging in postmenopausal women.
menopause is defined as the time at which a woman has her last menstrual cycle, due to the ovaries ceasing production of the hormones estrogen and progesterone. the average age of menopause is 51 years, though it can occur earlier or later.
while menopause affects each woman differently, symptoms may include hot flashes, trouble sleeping, changes in mood, and vaginal and bladder problems.
on the surface, it may appear that aging is the cause of menopause, given that it is a natural process that occurs later in life. but steve horvath, of the david geffen school of medicine at the university of california-los angeles (ucla) and senior author of both studies, notes that, for decades, researchers have debated whether the opposite might be true.
"it's like the chicken or the egg: which came first?" he says. "our study is the first to demonstrate that menopause makes you age faster."
menopause speeds up cellular aging by 6 percent
for both studies, the team used an "epigenetic clock" - developed by horvath - that monitors epigenetic changes over time; that is, the clock tracks changes to gene expression that arise through external or environmental factors.
in the first study, horvath and colleagues used the epigenetic clock to monitor methylation - a chemical biomarker of cellular aging - in the dna samples of more than 3,100 women involved in four studies, one of which was the women's health initiative (whi).
by analyzing methylation in blood, saliva, and buccal samples - a swab from the inside of the cheek - the team was able to measure the biological age of the women's cells, and they compared this with their chronological age.
from their analysis, the researchers found that menopause accelerates cellular aging in the blood by around 6 percent. "that doesn't sound like much, but it adds up over a woman's lifespan," notes horvath.
he uses an example of a woman who experiences early menopause at the age of 42; by the age of 50, her body would be around 1 year older than another woman whose menopause started naturally at the age of 50.
"on average, the younger a woman is when she enters menopause, the faster her blood ages. this is significant because a person's blood may mirror what's happening in other parts of the body, and this could have implications for death and disease risk." first author morgan levine, david geffen school of medicine, ucla
insomnia increased biological aging by 2 years
in the second study, horvath and colleagues used the epigenetic clock to measure the cellular aging of 2,078 women who were part of the whi.
additionally, the researchers assessed the presence of insomnia symptoms among the women, which included restlessness, problems falling asleep, disrupted sleep, trouble getting back to sleep, and waking early.
the team found that women who had five symptoms of insomnia were almost 2 years older biologically, compared with women of the same chronological age who had no symptoms of the sleep disorder.
first author judith caroll, of the semel institute for neuroscience and human behavior and the cousins center for psychoneuroimmunology at ucla, notes that they are unable to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between insomnia and biological aging in postmenopausal women.
still, she describes the results as "powerful findings."
"not getting restorative sleep may do more than just affect our functioning the next day; it might also influence the rate at which our biological clock ticks. in the future, we will need to carry out studies of the same individuals over an extended period of time to determine cause-and-effect relationships between biological age and sleep disorders." judith caroll
the researchers stress that the findings of these studies are not all bad news; they indicate that the epigenetic clock could be a feasible tool to assess the effects of certain treatments - such as hormone therapy - as anti-aging therapies.
"the big question is which menopausal hormone therapy offers the strongest anti-aging effect while limiting health risks," says horvath.
"no longer will researchers need to follow patients for years to track their health and occurrence of diseases," he adds. "instead we can use the epigenetic clock to monitor their cells' aging rate and to evaluate which therapies slow the biological aging process. this could greatly reduce the length and costs of clinical trials and speed benefits to women."
learn how a diet rich in fiber could increase the chances of healthy aging.
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ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈjuˌtɔ ˈhɪstəri prəˈfɛsər ˈdəbəlju. pɔl riv həz bɪn əˈpɔɪntɪd ɛz ðə fərst ˈmɔrmən ˈstədiz prəˈfɛsər. riv həz tɔt ənd ˈrɪtən ˈwaɪdli ɔn ðə feɪθ, moʊst ˈrisəntli ˈraɪtɪŋ əv ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈkələr: reɪs ənd ðə ˈmɔrmən ˈstrəgəl fər whiteness.”*.” ðə bʊk ərnd ðə ˈmɔrmən ˈhɪstəri bɛst bʊk əˈwɔrd, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ʤɑn ˈwɪtmər hɪˈstɔrɪkəl bɛst bʊk əˈwɔrd, ənd ðə ˈjuˌtɔ steɪt hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈfrænsɪs ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ ˈmædsən bɛst ˈhɪstəri bʊk əˈwɔrd. bɑb ˈgoʊldbərg, dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈtænər juˈmænɪtiz ˈsɛnər, sɪz ðət əˈpɔɪntmənt muvz ðə skul ˈɪntu ðə frənt ræŋk əv skulz ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ðə ˈvaɪbrənt, ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˌɛksplərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ʧərʧ əv ˈʤizəs kraɪst əv seɪnts, ɪts ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz, ˈhɪstəri ənd people.”*.” ˈgoʊldbərg ˈædɪd ðət ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp wɪl ədˈvæns ɑr goʊlz əv ˈfɑstərɪŋ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ, rɪˈspɛkt ənd ˈtɑlərəns waɪl ɪkˈspændɪŋ ðə brɛdθ ənd dɛpθ əv ɑr program.”*.” riv, dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstədiz ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri dɪˈpɑrtmənt, sɪz hi ɪz ˈɑnərd tɪ hæv bɪn ˈʧoʊzən fər ðə prəˈfɛsərˌʃɪp, ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti ðət gɪvz ɪm taɪm tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ˈstədiz ɔn ə ˈdipər ˈlɛvəl. “[“[this*] prəˈfɛsərˌʃɪp ˈɛləˌveɪts ðə ˈstætəs əv ən ɔˈrɛdi strɔŋ ˈmɔrmən ˈstədiz ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ənd hɛlps tɪ səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ ðə pəˈzɪʃən ɛz ə ˈlidər ɪn ðə field,”*,” hi steɪts. spəˈsɪfɪkli, riv plænz tɪ lɔnʧ ə nu ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈhɪstəri ˈprɑʤɛkt, ˈsɛnʧəri əv blæk mormons.”*.” ðət ˈɛfərt wɪl bɪld ə ˈdætəˌbeɪs əv blæk ˈkɑnvərts ˈbæpˌtaɪzd ˈɪntu ðə feɪθ bɪtˈwin 1830 ənd 1930 ənˈtɪl ʧərʧ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈspɛnsər ˈdəbəlju. 1978 ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən ˈlɪftɪŋ ə bæn ɔn blæks ɪn ðə ˈmɔrmən ˈpristhʊd, ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv blæk ˈmɛmbərz wɑz ˈlɑrʤli ənˈnoʊn, riv ɪkˈspleɪnz. hɪz ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈhɪstəri ˈprɑʤɛkt siks tɪ ðət pərˈsɛpʃən ənd tɪ rɪˈkəvər ðə neɪmz ənd lɪvz əv blæk ˈmɔrmənz hu hæv bɪn ɪˈreɪst frəm kəˈlɛktɪv ˈmɔrmən ˈmɛməri. ðɛr lɪvz ˈmætər ənd ðɛr neɪmz dɪˈzərv tɪ bi known,”*,” riv sɪz.
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university of utah history professor w. paul reeve has been appointed as the school’s first mormon studies professor.
reeve has taught and written widely on the utah-based faith, most recently writing “religion of a different color: race and the mormon struggle for whiteness.” the book earned the mormon history association’s best book award, as well as the john whitmer historical association’s smith-pettit best book award, and the utah state historical society’s francis armstrong madsen best history book award.
bob goldberg, director of the u.’s tanner humanities center, says that reeve’s appointment moves the school “ into the front rank of schools engaged in the vibrant, intellectual exploration of the church of jesus christ of latter-day saints, its institutions, history and people.”
goldberg added that reeve’s scholarship will “help advance our goals of fostering understanding, respect and tolerance while expanding the breadth and depth of our program.”
reeve, director of graduate studies in the history department, says he is honored to have been chosen for the professorship, an opportunity that gives him time to explore lds studies on a deeper level.
“[this] professorship elevates the status of an already strong mormon studies initiative and helps to solidify the u.’s position as a leader in the field,” he states.
specifically, reeve plans to launch a new digital history project, “a century of black mormons.” that effort will build a database of black converts baptized into the faith between 1830 and 1930.
until then-lds church president spencer w. kimball’s 1978 revelation lifting a ban on blacks in the all-male mormon priesthood, the existence of black members was largely unknown, reeve explains.
his digital history project seeks to “correct that perception and to recover the names and lives of black mormons who have been erased from collective mormon memory. their lives matter and their names deserve to be known,” reeve says.
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there’s* ə ˈzɪljən ˈkɛrɪktərz ɪn geɪm əv thrones*, ˈivɪn ˈæftər ə bənʧ əv ðɛm hæv bɪn ˈbrutəli bəmpt ɔf. bət əˈməŋ ðə laɪks əv, bræn, dany*, ənd pælz, ˈrɪli ðə meɪn ˈkɛrɪktər? ə tim əv ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃənz juzd ə paʊər fɑr bɪɔnd ˈʃæˌdoʊ tɪ faɪnd aʊt: ðə paʊər əv koʊld hɑrd græfs. ˈkɑlɪʤ əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt prəˈfɛsər əv ˌmæθəˈmætɪks ˈændru ʤeɪ. ˈbɛvərɪʤ ənd ˌəndərˈgræʤəwət ˈstudənt ʤi ʃæn əˈproʊʧt ʤɔrʤ ɑr. ɑr. bʊk ˈsɪriz wɪθ ə sɛt əv ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk əˈproʊʧɪz dəbd science.”*.” ɪt ˈjuzɪz græf ˈθɪri, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks, mæθ, ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi, ənd ə ˈplɛθərə əv ˈəðər ˈdɪsəplənz tɪ mæp aʊt ə væst, ˌɪntərkəˈnɛktɪd ˈnɛtˌwərk bɪtˈwin ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz ðət sprɛd ɔl ˈoʊvər ənd essos*. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈjuzɪŋ ðə θərd bʊk ɪn ˈsɑgə, ə stɔrm əv sɔrdz, ˈbɛvərɪʤ ənd ʃæn kriˈeɪtɪd ə juʤ ˈkɛrɪktər ˈnɛtˌwərk, ˈlɪŋkɪŋ ˈkɛrɪktərz ˈɛvəri taɪm ðeɪ əˈpɪrd wɪˈθɪn 15 wərdz əv iʧ ˈəðər, ˈweɪtɪd ɔn ˈwɛðər ər nɑt sɛd ˈkɛrɪktərz wər ɪn ðə seɪm sin təˈgɛðər. ˈnɪrli ə ˈθaʊzənd ˈpeɪʤɪz ˈleɪtər, ðeɪ hæd ə mæp: ˌənsərˈpraɪzɪŋli, ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk sprɛd ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv ˈkɛrɪktərz ˈprɪti məʧ wɛr ðeɪ wər beɪst ɪn ðə books—daenerys*, ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ɔf ɪn ðə ist, ənd daʊn ɪn ðə saʊθ ɪn kɪŋz ˈlændɪŋ (əˈməŋ ðə laɪks əv cersei*, ˈʤeɪmi, ənd tywin*), ʤɑn snoʊ fɑr tɪ ðə nɔrθ, ənd ðə ənd rɑb ɪn ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈriʧɪz əv ðə riverlands*. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈæftər ˈræŋkɪŋ ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz θru ˈvɛriəs ˈmɛθədz, ðə θri moʊst ˈkɑmən ˈkɛrɪktərz ðət kʊd bi pərˈsivd ɛz ðə ““main”*” stɑrz əv ðə ˈsɪriz ˈimərʤd: stɑrk, ʤɑn snoʊ, ðə tɔp ɪn ˈprɪti məʧ ˈɛvəri ˈmɛʒərd lannister*. nɑt ˈrɪli ðət ˈʧæptər əv ə bʊk ɪn ðə ˈsɪriz ɪz toʊld frəm ðə pərˈspɛktɪv əv ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈkɛrɪktər, ənd həz ðə moʊst ˈʧæptərz tɪ hɪz neɪm əˈkrɔs ðə hoʊl ˈsɑgə. ənd əv kɔrs, ðə ˈdætə ˈrɪli weɪ ɪn ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns tɪ ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈstɔri. ˈspikɪŋ tɪ kwɔrts, ˈbɛvərɪʤ ˈnoʊtɪd ðət bɪˈkəz ɪz soʊ ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ɪn essos*, ʃi hæv ɛz ˈmɛni kəˈnɛkʃənz ɛz ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz beɪst ɪn, dɪˈspaɪt pleɪɪŋ ə juʤ roʊl ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər əv ə sɔŋ əv aɪs ənd meɪn ɑrk: ˈrɪli ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə kən si əˈbaʊt tɪ ˈhæpən beɪst ɔn ðə ˈpipəl lɪŋkt wɪθ. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt stɪl, ə ˈprɪti ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˈɪntu ðə ˈfoʊkəl pɔɪnts ðət ðə bʊk ˈsɪriz ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪts ˈɔlˌweɪz kul wɪn ðiz ˌænəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkɑnsɛpts ər tərnd təˈwɔrdz ɑr ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈfɪkʃənəl ˈjunəˌvərsɪz. ju kən ʧɛk aʊt ˈbɛvərɪʤ ənd fʊl ˈpeɪpər, riˈlist ɪn mæθ hərˈaɪzənz, hir. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt [kwɔrts]
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there’s a zillion characters in game of thrones, even after a bunch of them have been brutally bumped off. but among the likes of tyrion, bran, dany, and pals, who’s really the main character? a team of mathematicians used a power far beyond melisandre’s shadow magics to find out: the power of cold hard graphs.
macalester college associate professor of mathematics andrew j. beveridge and undergraduate student jie shan approached george r. r. martin’s book series with a set of scientific approaches dubbed “network science.” it uses graph theory, economics, math, sociology, and a plethora of other disciplines to map out a vast, interconnected network between the characters that spread all over westeros and essos.
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using the third book in martin’s saga, a storm of swords, beveridge and shan created a huge character network, linking characters every time they appeared within 15 words of each other, weighted on whether or not said characters were in the same scene together. nearly a thousand pages later, they had a map:
unsurprisingly, the network spread the influence of characters pretty much where they were based in the books—daenerys, isolated off in the east, sansa and tyrion down in the south in kings landing (among the likes of cersei, jamie, and tywin), jon snow far to the north, and the then-alive catelyn and robb in the western reaches of the riverlands.
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after ranking the characters through various methods, the three most common characters that could be perceived as the “main” stars of the series emerged: sansa stark, jon snow, and—at the top in pretty much every measured regard—tyrion lannister.
it’s not really that surprising—each chapter of a book in the series is told from the perspective of a different character, and tyrion has the most chapters to his name across the whole saga. and of course, the data doesn’t really weigh in importance to the overall story. speaking to quartz, beveridge noted that because daenerys is so isolated in essos, she doesn’t have as many connections as the characters based in westeros, despite playing a huge role in the future of a song of ice and fire’s main arc:
daenerys really represents the future—you can see what’s about to happen based on the people she’s linked with.
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still, it’s a pretty fascinating insight into the focal points that the book series concentrates on—and it’s always cool when these analytical concepts are turned towards our favorite fictional universes.
you can check out beveridge and shian’s full paper, released in math horizons, here.
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[quartz]
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ðə dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv ˈvərʒən əv ðə məʧ ˈvɔntɪd ˈɪnʤən əˈgrimənt fər kənˈteɪnz səm ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ ˈɪnˌsaɪts ˈɪntu ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv haʊ ɪt wɑz əˈʧivd, ənd ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr waɪ ɪt tʊk soʊ lɔŋ tɪ əˈgri ˈditeɪlz əv haʊ ðə "ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən tɪ səˈplaɪ" fər paʊər ˈjunɪt ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ʃʊd bi freɪmd. ðə ˈɛsəns əv ðə əˈgrimənt ɪz ðət ˈɛni tim wɪθ noʊ ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈɪnʤən ˈkɑnˌtrækt fər ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈsizən kən ʤɔɪn ən ˈprɔˌsɛs wɪʧ wɪl si ɪt ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd ə səˈplaɪ frəm ðə ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər ðət həz ðə fjuəst ˈnəmbər əv timz ɔn ɪts bʊks. ɪf tu ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz səˈplaɪ ˈoʊnli wən tim, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðɛr wɪl bi ə ˈbælət. ðə ˈligəl ˈʤɑrgən ðət həz bɪn ˈædɪd ɪn ən əˈpɛndɪks tɪ ðə 2017 ˈspɔrtɪŋ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ʃoʊz ʤɪst haʊ ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd θɪŋz kən bɪˈkəm wɪn ðə ɪn ˈifɛkt ækts ɛz ə ˈbroʊkər bɪtˈwin timz ənd paʊər ˈjunɪt səˈplaɪərz ɪn wət wʊd ˈjuʒəwəli bi ə kəˈmərʃəl əˈgrimənt bɪtˈwin tu ˈwɪlɪŋ ˈpɑrtiz. ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv biɪŋ fɔrst ˈɪntu ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ðeɪ maɪt nɑt wɔnt ˈklɪrli kənˈsərnd ðə ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz, ənd ɪnˈkərəʤd ðɛm tɪ æsk fər ˈklɔzɪz ðət ˈkəvər ðɛr bæks. əˈməŋ ðɛm ɪz ðə rɪˈmɑrkəbəl prəˈvɪʒən ðət ðə tim kənˈsərnd həz tɪ əˈgri tɪ nɑt ðə ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər ɪn ˈpəblɪk, ənd vaɪs ˈvərsə. wən tim ˈprɪnsəpəl həz ˈʤoʊkɪŋli kɔld ðɪs ðə "rɛd bʊl klɔz," ə ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ðə ˈmænɪʤmənts ˈnɛgətɪv ˈkɑmɛnts əˈbaʊt rɪˈnɔlt, wɪʧ dɪd ˈlɪtəl tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈɛni ˈraɪvəlz tɪ goʊ ˈɪntu ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə tim. ɪt ridz ɛz ˈfɑloʊz: "ðə nu ˈkəstəmər tim ənd ðə paʊər ˈjunɪt ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər ʃæl nɑt, ənd wɪl proʊˈkjʊr ɪts əˈfɪliˌeɪts ðɛr rɪˈspɛktɪv ˈsinjər ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz, ɪmˈplɔɪiz, dɪˈrɛktərz ənd ˈʃɛˌrhoʊldərz ʃæl nɑt teɪk ˈɛni ˈækʃən meɪk ˈɛni oʊˈmɪʃən, dɪˈsɛptɪv, mɪsˈlidɪŋ ər dɪˈspɛrɪʤɪŋ ər ˈnɛgətɪv ˈkɑmɛnts, wɪʧ dɪˈrɛkli ˈɪnʤərz, ˈdæmɪʤɪz ər brɪŋz ˈɪntu ˌdɪsrɪˈpjut ðə ˈpəblɪk ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən, ˈgʊdˈwɪl ər neɪm ər ˈɪmɪʤ əv ðə ˈəðər ˈpɑrti tɪ ðə səˈplaɪ əˈgrimənt." haʊ tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs ɪt waɪl ɪt wʊd bi ˈlɑʤɪkəl tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ə tim ðət həz juzd ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs tɪ geɪn ən ˈɪnʤən dil tɪ trit ɪts nu ˈpɑrtnər wɪθ ən əˈproʊpriˌeɪt dɪˈgri əv rɪˈspɛkt, ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz tɪ bi sin kwaɪt haʊ ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz wɪl bi ɛnˈfɔrst ɪf θɪŋz du gɪt ˈmɛsi. ɪn ə ˈsɪmələr veɪn, ðɛrz ə klɔz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp əv timz. ɪn ˈɛsəns, ə ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər wɪl nɑt bi fɔrst tɪ səˈplaɪ ə tim huz ˈʃɛˌrhoʊldərz ər ˈmænɪʤmənt hæv ə pæst, ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs ðət ɪt wʊd nɑt bi gʊd pr*. "ðə nu ˈkəstəmər tim ˈɛni ˈsinjər ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz, dɪˈrɛktərz ər ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl ˈʃɛˌrhoʊldərz əv ðə nu ˈkəstəmər tim ʃʊd nɑt æt ˈɛni taɪm (aɪ) bi ˈlɪstɪd ər ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈjuˈɛs ˈpəblɪʃt ˈsæŋkʃən lɪsts; (ii*) hæv bɪn kənˈvɪktəd əv ˈɛni ˈkrɪmənəl offence*; (iii*) hæv bɪn kənˈvɪktəd baɪ ˈɛni ˈgəvərnmənt ər ˈgəvərnmənt ˈeɪʤənsi ɪn kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ frɔd, ˈməni ˈlɔndərɪŋ, ˌrækɪˈtɪrɪŋ ər ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ækˈtɪvɪtiz; (iv*) hæv bɪn dɪˈklɛrd ˈbæŋkrəpt; (vi) hæv kəˈmɪtɪd ˈəðər aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈækʃən wɪʧ, ɪn ðə ˈrizənəbəl əˈpɪnjən əv ðə paʊər ˈjunɪt ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər, hɑrmz ðə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən əv səʧ paʊər ˈjunɪt ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər. ðɪs klɔz ʃæl ˈɔlsoʊ əˈplaɪ tɪ ðə paʊər ˈjunɪt ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər." ðə əˈgrimənt əˈlaʊz fər ˈkeɪsɪz wɛr ðə ˈkəstəmər tim rənz ðə ˈɪnʤən "ˈəndər ə waɪt weɪ," ˈwɛðər ðɪs bi æt ðə rɪkˈwɛst əv ðə tim ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ər ðə ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪf ðə tim sɛlz ðə ˈneɪmɪŋ raɪts əv ɪts ˈɪnʤən tɪ θərd ˈpɑrti ɛz rɛd bʊl dɪd wɪθ tæg hjuər ðɛn ðə ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər kən ˌrinɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt, ənd ɪn ˈifɛkt gɪt ə slaɪs əv ðə ˈækʃən. ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkænɑt bi fɔrst tɪ səˈplaɪ ə tim ðət ɪt oʊnd baɪ ə ˈraɪvəl kɑr ˈmeɪkər ənd, ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðə ˈkəstəmər tim ɪz nɑt əˈlaʊd tɪ ˈkɛri ˈspɑnsərˌʃɪp frəm ə kɑr brænd, ənˈlɛs ðə səˈplaɪər ɪz ˈhæpi wɪθ ɪt ənd ðɪs kʊd pʊt æt rɪsk ərˈeɪnʤmənts laɪk ðə rɛd ˈmɑrtɪn dil. ˈfaɪnəli, ɪts wərθ ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət, ˈəndər ðə ˈskɛʤʊl prəˈpoʊzd baɪ ðə, timz wɪl hæv tɪ peɪ fər ðə paʊər ˈjunɪt səˈplaɪ məʧ ˈərliər ðən ɪz ˈstændərd ˈpræktɪs, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət timz wɪθ ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ kæʃ floʊ ˈɪʃuz meɪ ˈstrəgəl tɪ dil wɪθ. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈtaɪmɪŋ kən bi ˌrinɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪd, ɪn ˈθɪri ˈpeɪmənt wɪl bi meɪd ɪn fɔr ˌɪnˈstɔlmənts, ɛz ˈfɑloʊz: 25 pərˈsɛnt ɔn ðə deɪt əv ˈsɪgnəʧər əv ðə səˈplaɪ ˈkɑnˌtrækt; 25 pərˈsɛnt ɔn ər ˌbiˈfɔr 30 ɑkˈtoʊbər əv ðə ˈkæləndər jɪr praɪər tɪ ðə jɪr əv səˈplaɪ; 30 pərˈsɛnt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə stɑrt əv ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ˈsizən; ənd ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ 20 pərˈsɛnt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə fɪθ ˈfɔrmjələ 1 ɪˈvɛnt əv ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ˈsizən.
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the definitive version of the much vaunted f1 engine agreement for 2017-2020 contains some fascinating insights into the process of how it was achieved, and in particular why it took so long to agree details of how the "obligation to supply" for power unit manufacturers should be framed.
the essence of the agreement is that any team with no ongoing engine contract for the following season can join an fia process which will see it allocated a supply from the manufacturer that has the fewest number of teams on its books.
if two manufacturers supply only one team, for example, there will be a ballot.
the legal jargon that has been added in an appendix to the 2017 sporting regulations shows just how complicated things can become when the fia in effect acts as a broker between teams and power unit suppliers in what would usually be a commercial agreement between two willing parties.
the prospect of being forced into marriages they might not want clearly concerned the manufacturers, and encouraged them to ask for clauses that cover their backs.
among them is the remarkable provision that the team concerned has to agree to not criticise the manufacturer in public, and vice versa.
one team principal has jokingly called this the "red bull clause," a reference to the management's negative comments about renault, which did little to encourage any rivals to go into partnership with the team.
it reads as follows: "the new customer team and the power unit manufacturer shall not, and will procure its affiliates and/or their respective senior executives, employees, directors and shareholders shall not take any action and/or make any omission, deceptive, misleading or disparaging or negative comments, which directly injures, damages or brings into disrepute the public reputation, goodwill or favourable name or image of the other party to the supply agreement."
how to enforce it
while it would be logical to expect a team that has used the fia process to gain an engine deal to treat its new partner with an appropriate degree of respect, it remains to be seen quite how the regulations will be enforced if things do get messy.
in a similar vein, there's a clause related to the ownership of teams.
in essence, a manufacturer will not be forced to supply a team whose shareholders or management have a dodgy past, on the basis that it would not be good pr.
"the new customer team and/or any senior executives, directors or beneficial shareholders of the new customer team should not at any time (i) be listed or included in the official eu and/or us published sanction lists; (ii) have been convicted of any indictable criminal offence; (iii) have been convicted by any government or government agency in connection with fraud, money laundering, racketeering or terrorism activities; and/or (iv) have been declared bankrupt; and/or (v) have committed other identified action which, in the reasonable opinion of the power unit manufacturer, harms the reputation of such power unit manufacturer. this clause shall also reciprocally apply to the power unit manufacturer."
the agreement allows for cases where the customer team runs the engine "under a white label/unbranded way," whether this be at the request of the team itself, or the manufacturer.
however, if the team sells the naming rights of its engine to third party – as red bull did with tag heuer – then the manufacturer can renegotiate, and in effect get a slice of the action.
manufacturers also cannot be forced to supply a team that it owned by a rival car maker and, in addition, the customer team is not allowed to carry sponsorship from a car brand, unless the supplier is happy with it - and this could put at risk arrangements like the red bull/aston martin deal.
finally, it's worth noting that, under the schedule proposed by the fia, teams will have to pay for the power unit supply much earlier than is standard practice, something that teams with ongoing cash flow issues may struggle to deal with.
although the timing can be renegotiated, in theory payment will be made in four installments, as follows:
- 25 percent on the date of signature of the supply contract;
- 25 percent on or before 30 october of the calendar year prior to the year of supply;
- 30 percent before the start of the championship season; and
- the remaining 20 percent before the fifth formula 1 event of the championship season.
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ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə juz ˈsɪvəl ənd steɪt flæg əˈdɑptəd ˈɔgəst 2 1983 dɪˈzaɪn steɪt sil ɔn ə ˈmidiəm blu fild dɪˈzaɪnd baɪ əˈmiljə haɪd ˈsɛnər ðə flæg əv ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ɪz ðə steɪt flæg əv ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ənd kənˈsɪsts əv sinz frəm ðə sil əv ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ɔn ə blu ðə fərst ˈvərʒən əv ðə flæg wɑz floʊn frəm 1893 ənˈtɪl 1957 ənd wɑz ʧeɪnʤd tɪ bi mɔr ˈizəli manufacturable*, ənd ðə steɪt sil bɪˈkeɪm ˈsɪmpələr. ðə ˈkɑrənt flæg wɑz əˈdɑptəd ɪn 1957 ənd ðə steɪt sil ɔn ðə flæg wɑz ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd ɪn ˈhɪstəri ˈɛdət flæg əv ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə (əbˈvərs) frəm 1893 tɪ 1957 flæg əv ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə (rɪˈvərs) frəm 1893 tɪ 1957 flæg əv ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə 1957 tɪ 1983 ˈərli ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri flægz ˈɛdət ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr, ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə hæd 11 ˈɪnfəntri ˈrɛʤəmənts, iʧ wɪθ ðɛr oʊn flæg. ðə flægz ˈjuʒəwəli kənˈsɪstɪd əv ə blu ˈbækˌgraʊnd wɪθ ən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈigəl ər ðə steɪt sil wɪθ ə skroʊl, ʃoʊn ɪn ðə flægz əv ðə fərst, ˈsɛkənd, fɔrθ, ənd fɪθ ˈrɛʤəmənt. səm hæv ˈspɛkjəˌleɪtɪd ðət ðɪs dɪˈzaɪn ˈɪnfluənst ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv əˈmiljə haɪd 1893 flæg ˈɛdət bɪˈkəz ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə wɑz ˈspɑnsərɪŋ ən ˌɛksəˈbɪʃən æt ðə 1893 ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ wərldz fɛr, ðə ˈgəvərnər əv ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə, ˈwɪljəm ˈmɛriəm, əˈpɔɪntɪd ən bɔrd tɪ ˈsupərˌvaɪz ðə ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃənz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə grup noʊn ɛz ðə ˈwɪmənz ɑgˈzɪljəri bɔrd tʊk ˈoʊvər ðə 'ˈwɪmənz wərk' ənd kriˈeɪtɪd ə kəˈmɪti tɪ dɪˈzaɪn ðə steɪt flæg. ðə bɔrdz ðɛn hɛld ə ˈkɑntɛst tɪ dɪˈzaɪn ðə flæg, ənd 200 ˈɛntriz wər səbˈmɪtəd. ðə ˈwɪnər əv ðə ˈkɑntɛst wɑz əˈmiljə haɪd ˈsɛnər, hu rɪˈsivd 15 fər hər ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈsɛnərz dɪˈzaɪn wɑz waɪt ɔn wən saɪd ənd laɪt blu ɔn ðə ˈəðər. ɪn ðə ˈsɛnər wɑz ðə steɪt sil wɪθ waɪt ˈmɑkəsɪn flaʊərz, ɔn ə blu fild. ə rɛd ˈrɪbən ɪn ðə sil bɔr ə ˈmɑtoʊ, də nɔrd (frɛnʧ fər "ðə stɑr əv ðə nɔrθ"). ðə jɪrz 1819 (ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv fɔrt sˈnɛlɪŋ), 1858 (ˈsteɪˌthʊd), ənd 1893 (əˈdɑpʃən əv ðə flæg) əˈpɪrd ɪn goʊld əraʊnd ðə steɪt sil. "ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə" wɑz ˈrɪtən ˈəndər ðə steɪt sil ɪn goʊld ənd 19 goʊld stɑrz əreɪnʤd ɪn ˈkləstərz tɪ fɔrm ðə pɔɪnts əv ə stɑr, ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə fækt ðət ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə wɑz ðə steɪt tɪ bi ədˈmɪtəd ˈæftər ðə ərˈɪʤənəl 13 ðə fərst ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə flæg wɑz meɪd əv sɪlk ənd wɑz ɛmˈbrɔɪdərd baɪ pɔˈlin ənd fjelde*, hu wən ə goʊld ˈmɛdəl fər ðɛr flæg wɑz əˈdɑptəd ɔn ˈeɪprəl 4 1957 flæg ˈɛdət ðə flæg wɑz ˌridɪˈzaɪnd ɪn 1957 fər ðə 1958 steɪt sɛnˈtɛniəl, ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ðə saɪdz ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ə rɔɪəl blu fild ɔn boʊθ saɪdz tɪ seɪv ɔn ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ kɔsts ənd tɪ meɪk ðə flæg mɔr ˈdʊrəbəl, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn haɪ ðɪs ˌɑpərˈtunəti wɑz juzd tɪ kərˈɛkt ən ˈɛrər əv ðə flaʊərz juzd ɔn ðə sil; ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ə pɪŋk ənd waɪt ˈleɪdiz sˈlɪpər, ðə 1893 flæg ʃoʊd ə ˈvɛriənt ðət wɑz nɑt ˈneɪtɪv tɪ ðə 1983 sil ʧeɪnʤ ˈɛdət ɪn 1983 ðə steɪt sil wɑz ʧeɪnʤd, ənd ðə flæg ˈɔlsoʊ ʧeɪnʤd tɪ rɪˈflɛkt ðət. ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈkələr wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlaɪtənd frəm ə rɔɪəl blu tɪ ə ˈmidiəm dɪˈzaɪn ənd ˈsɪmbəˌlɪzəm ˈɛdət ðə ˈvərʒən əv ðə steɪt sil. ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv ðə ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə flæg kənˈsɪsts əv ə ˈvərʒən əv ðə steɪt sil ɔn ə blu ˈbækˌgraʊnd. dɪˈzaɪn ənd ˈsɪmbəˌlɪzəm əv ðə sil ˈɛdət ə ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən raɪdz ɔn ˈhɔrsˌbæk ɪn ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd, ˈsɪmbəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˌmɪnəˈsoʊtəz ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ. ɪn ə fild ɪn ðə ˈfɔrˌgraʊnd, ə ˈfɑrmər plaʊz ə fild, waɪl hɪz æks, gən, ənd ˈpaʊdər hɔrn rɛst ɔn ə stəmp ˈnɪrˈbaɪ. ðə fild ənd plaʊ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər. ðə tulz juzd baɪ ðə ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ənd ðə ˈfɑrmər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə tulz juzd fər ˈleɪbər ənd ˈhəntɪŋ ɪn ðə pæst, waɪl ðə stəmp ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˈləmbər ɪn ˌmɪnəˈsoʊtəz ˈhɪstəri. nɛkst tɪ ðə fild, ə ˈrɪvər ənd ˈwɔtərˌfɔl ˈsɪmbəˌlaɪz ðə ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi ˈrɪvər ənd st*. ˈænθɔˌni fɔlz. θri paɪn triz ɪn ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə paɪn ˈriʤənz əv st*. krɔɪ, ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi, ənd leɪk suˈpɪriər. dɪˈzaɪn ənd ˈsɪmbəˌlɪzəm əv ðə flæg ˈɛdət ðə flæg ɪz rɛkˈtæŋgjələr, ənd kənˈsɪsts əv ə dɪˈzaɪn ɔn ə ˈmidiəm blu ˈbækˌgraʊnd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈstæʧut, ðə flæg kənˈteɪnz ə θɪn goʊld ˈbɔrdər ənd goʊld frɪnʤ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ɪz ˈrɛrli juzd. ə waɪt ˈsərkəl ɪn ðə ˈsɛnər kənˈteɪnz ðə wərd ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə əˈkrɔs ðə ˈbɑtəm, fɔr grups əv fɔr stɑrz ənd wən grup əv θri stɑrz sprɛd aʊt ˈivənli əraʊnd ðə ɛʤ, ənd dɪˈzaɪnz frəm ðə steɪt sil ɪn ðə ˈsɛnər. ðə stɑr æt ðə tɔp ˈsɪmbəˌlaɪzɪz ðə nɔrθ stɑr. ðə dɪˈzaɪn ɪn ðə ˈsɛnər ɪz sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˈleɪdiz sˈlɪpərz, ðə steɪt flaʊər. ðə ˈbɔrdər ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈteɪnz ðə deɪts 1819 (ˈfaʊndɪŋ əv fɔrt sˈnɛlɪŋ), 1858 (deɪt əv ˈsteɪˌthʊd), ənd 1893 (əˈdɑpʃən əv fərst flæg). 1 dɪˈspleɪ ənd juz ˈɛdət ðə flæg ɪz tɪ bi floʊn ˈoʊvər ðə ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə steɪt ˈkæpɪtəl frəm ˈsənˌsɛt tɪ ˈsənˌraɪz. ˈfoʊldɪŋ ðə flæg ˈɛdət wɪn ˈfoʊldɪŋ ðə flæg fər ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən ər dɪˈspleɪ, ɪt məst bi ˈfoʊldɪd ˈlɛŋθˌwaɪz fɔr taɪmz, ðɛn iʧ saɪd məst bi ˈfoʊldɪd daʊn soʊ ðət ðə ˈbænər kənˈteɪnɪŋ də nɔrd" ɪz dɪˈspleɪd ɔn ə ˈtraɪˌæŋgəl. ðə ɛndz bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈtraɪˌæŋgəl məst bi ˈfoʊldɪd ɪn ə ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd weɪ tɪ fɔrm ə ˈtraɪˌæŋgəl ðət ɪz ðɛn təkt ˈɪntu ðə ˈəpər ˈtraɪˌæŋgəl soʊ ðət ðə steɪt ˈmɑtoʊ ɪz ˈprɑmənəntli dɪˈspleɪd ɔn ðə frənt. səm hæv dɪˈskraɪbd ðə ˈmɛθəd ɛz biɪŋ tu ˈoʊvərli ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd. 8 wɪn ðə flæg ɪz ˈfoʊldɪd fər ˈstɔrɪʤ, ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈfoʊldɪd ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ɛz ðə ˈnæʃənəl flæg. 1 dɛzəˈkreɪʃən ˈɛdət ɪn ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə, mˈjutəˌleɪtɪŋ, defiling*, ər ˈkæstɪŋ kənˈtɛmpt əˈpɑn ðə steɪt flæg, əˈtæʧɪŋ ˈɛni dɪˈzaɪn tɪ ðə flæg, ər ˈjuzɪŋ ðə flæg fər ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ər ˌmɪsdəˈminər əˈfɛnsɪz ˈəndər steɪt ˈstæʧut ˌɛkˈsɛptɪŋ flægz ɔn ˈrɪtən ər ˈprɪnɪd ˈdɑkjəmənts. 9 əˈfɪʃəl ˈstæʧut ˈɛdət ðə lɔ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə 1957 steɪt flæg ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ˈʧæptər 1 əv ðə əˈfɪʃəl steɪt ˈstæʧuts. ðə ˈʧæptər ˈkəvərz steɪt ˈsɪmbəlz, ˈsɑvrənti ənd ˈəðər ˈʤɛnərəl ˈɪʃuz. ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ðə flæg ɪn ðə ˈstæʧuts ɪz ˈsɛkʃən ðə ˈstæʧut ˈkəvərz ðə əˈdɑpʃən ənd dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ðə əˈfɪʃəl flæg, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə aʊərz əv flaɪɪŋ ənd ðə ˈmɛθəd əv ˈfoʊldɪŋ ðə flæg. ðə ˈstæʧut ˈɔlsoʊ rikˈwaɪərz ðə ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt tɪ kip ə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf əv ðə əˈfɪʃəl steɪt flæg ənd ˈsæmpəlz soʊ ðeɪ kən bi juzd baɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk tɪ meɪk ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ənd rɪˈpleɪsmənt kæmˈpeɪn ˈɛdət 10 ðə nɔrθ stɑr flæg, dɪˈzaɪnd baɪ rɛv. ˈwɪljəm ˈbɛkər ənd ˈmɪstər. li ˈhɛrəld. ðə flæg ˈjuzɪz ðə grin, waɪt, ənd blu ðət trəˈdɪʃənəli ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə, waɪl ðə stɑr kəmz frəm ˌmɪnəˈsoʊtəz ˈnɪkˌneɪm, "ðə stɑr əv ðə nɔrθ". ðə ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə flæg həz bɪn ˈwaɪdli ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd fər bæd dɪˈzaɪn ənd biɪŋ ˈoʊvərli ˈkɑmplɛks. ɔn ˈnumərəs ɔˈkeɪʒənz, bɪlz hæv bɪn ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪn ðə ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv tæsk fɔrs fər ˈstədiɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə 2001 ˈnɑvə ˈsərˌveɪ ˈɛdət ɪn 2001 ðə ˌmɪnəˈsoʊtən flæg wɑz ˈʧoʊzən ɛz wən əv ðə tɛn wərst flæg dɪˈzaɪnz ɪn ən ˈɔnˌlaɪn poʊl kənˈdəktəd baɪ ðə nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən. ðə ˈsərˌveɪ kənˈsɪstɪd əv 100 ˈnɑvə ˈmɛmbərz ənd 300 ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈpəblɪk. ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə rɪˈsivd ə skɔr əv ɔn ə skeɪl əv 1 tɪ 10 ɔn pɑr wɪθ ˈəðər flægz ðət kənˈsɪstɪd əv ðə steɪt sil ɔn ə blu ˈbækˌgraʊnd, wɪʧ wər ræŋkt ˈvɛri ənˈfeɪvərəbli. 12 nɔrθ stɑr flæg ˈɛdət ɪn 1989 rɛv. ˈwɪljəm ˈbɛkər ənd ˈmɪstər. li ˈhɛrəld prəˈpoʊzd ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ ðə ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə steɪt flæg noʊn ɛz ðə nɔrθ stɑr flæg. ðə dɪˈzaɪn kənˈsɪsts əv ə blu ˈbækˌgraʊnd wɪθ ə ˈjɛloʊ stɑr, ənd grin ənd waɪt ˈweɪvi ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl straɪps. ðə stɑr ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts də nɔrd" ənd ˌmɪnəˈsoʊtəz ˈnæʧərəl wɛlθ, ðə blu ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ˌmɪnəˈsoʊtəz leɪks ənd ˈrɪvərz, ðə waɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ˈwɪntər, ənd ðə grin ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ˈfɑrmˌlænd ənd ˈfɔrəsts. ðə weɪvz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə neɪm ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə, ə dəˈkoʊtə wərd wɪʧ minz ˈwɔtərz". 10 ðə flæg wɑz ðə ˈwɪnər əv ən ˌənəˈfɪʃəl ˈkɑntɛst baɪ ðə st*. pɔl ˌpaɪəˈnɪr prɛs tɪ dɪˈzaɪn ə nu steɪt flæg, ɛz wɛl ɛz biɪŋ ˈwaɪdli ɛnˈdɔrst baɪ steɪt ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ənd ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə stɑr ˈtrɪbjun ənd st*. pɔl ˌpaɪəˈnɪr mɑrʧ 2017 pəˈtɪʃən ˈɛdət ɪn mɑrʧ 2017 gaɪ ˈʤɑnsən, ə ˈrɛzɪdənt əv seɪnt pɔl, ˈstɑrtɪd ə pəˈtɪʃən ɔn tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə steɪt flæg, ˈkɔlɪŋ ɪt "ˈʃeɪmfəl" du tɪ ɪts ənd ˈleɪzinəs". ɛz əv ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2018 ðə pəˈtɪʃən həz rɪˈsivd 400 ˈsɪgnəʧərz. ðə pəˈtɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔfərz naɪn ɔlˈtərnətɪvz ðət keɪm frəm si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət
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minnesota use civil and state flag adopted august 2, 1983 ( ) design state seal on a medium blue field designed by amelia hyde center
the flag of minnesota is the state flag of minnesota and consists of scenes from the seal of minnesota on a blue background.[1] the first version of the flag was flown from 1893 until 1957, and was changed to be more easily manufacturable, and the state seal became simpler. the current flag was adopted in 1957 and the state seal on the flag was modified in 1983.[2]
history [ edit ]
flag of minnesota (obverse) from 1893 to 1957.
flag of minnesota (reverse) from 1893 to 1957.
flag of minnesota 1957 to 1983.
early military flags [ edit ]
during the civil war, minnesota had 11 infantry regiments, each with their own flag. the flags usually consisted of a blue background with an american eagle or the state seal with a scroll, shown in the flags of the first, second, fourth, and fifth regiment. some have speculated that this design influenced the design of amelia hyde center.[3]
1893 flag [ edit ]
because minnesota was sponsoring an exhibition at the 1893 chicago world's fair, the then-current governor of minnesota, william merriam, appointed an all-male board to supervise the preparations. however, a group known as the women's auxiliary board took over the 'women's work' and created a six-person committee to design the state flag. the boards then held a contest to design the flag, and 200 entries were submitted. the winner of the contest was amelia hyde center, who received $15 for her winning design.[3] center's design was white on one side and light blue on the other. in the center was the state seal wreathed with white moccasin flowers, on a blue field. a red ribbon in the seal bore a motto, l'étoile du nord (french for "the star of the north"). the years 1819 (establishment of fort snelling), 1858 (statehood), and 1893 (adoption of the flag) appeared in gold around the state seal. "minnesota" was written under the state seal in gold and 19 gold stars arranged in clusters to form the points of a star, representing the fact that minnesota was the 19th state to be admitted after the original 13 states.[4] the first minnesota flag was made of silk and was embroidered by pauline and thomane fjelde, who won a gold medal for their creation.the flag was adopted on april 4, 1893.[2]
1957 flag [ edit ]
the flag was redesigned in 1957 for the 1958 state centennial, eliminating the different-colored sides in favor of a royal blue field on both sides to save on manufacturing costs and to make the flag more durable, especially in high winds.[2][4] this opportunity was used to correct an error of the flowers used on the seal; instead of a pink and white lady's slipper, the 1893 flag showed a variant that was not native to the state.[5]
1983 seal change [ edit ]
in 1983, the state seal was changed, and the flag also changed to reflect that. the background color was also lightened from a royal blue to a medium blue.[2]
design and symbolism [ edit ]
the pre-1971 version of the state seal.
the design of the minnesota flag consists of a version of the state seal on a blue background.
design and symbolism of the seal [ edit ]
a native american rides on horseback in the background, symbolizing minnesota's native american heritage. in a field in the foreground, a farmer plows a field, while his axe, gun, and powder horn rest on a stump nearby. the field and plow represent the importance of agriculture. the tools used by the native american and the farmer represent the tools used for labor and hunting in the past, while the stump represents the importance of lumber in minnesota's history. next to the field, a river and waterfall symbolize the mississippi river and st. anthony falls. three pine trees in the background represent the pine regions of st. croix, mississippi, and lake superior. [6][7]
design and symbolism of the flag [ edit ]
the flag is rectangular, and consists of a design on a medium blue background. according to the official statute, the flag contains a thin gold border and gold fringe, however, this is rarely used. a white circle in the center contains the word minnesota across the bottom, four groups of four stars and one group of three stars spread out evenly around the edge, and designs from the state seal in the center. the star at the top symbolizes the north star. the design in the center is surrounded by pink-and-white lady's slippers, the state flower. the border also contains the dates 1819 (founding of fort snelling), 1858 (date of statehood), and 1893 (adoption of first flag). [1]
display and use [ edit ]
the flag is to be flown over the minnesota state capitol from sunset to sunrise.
folding the flag [ edit ]
when folding the flag for presentation or display, it must be folded lengthwise four times, then each side must be folded down so that the banner containing "l'etoile du nord" is displayed on a triangle. the ends below the triangle must be folded in a complicated way to form a triangle that is then tucked into the upper triangle so that the state motto is prominently displayed on the front. some have described the method as being too overly complicated. [8] when the flag is folded for storage, it should be folded in the same way as the national flag. [1]
desecration [ edit ]
in minnesota, mutilating, defiling, or casting contempt upon the state flag, attaching any design to the flag, or using the flag for advertising are misdemeanor offenses under state statute 609.40, excepting flags on written or printed documents. [9]
official statute [ edit ]
the law creating the 1957 state flag is located in chapter 1 of the official state statutes. the chapter covers state symbols, sovereignty and other general issues. the location of the flag in the statutes is section 1.141. the statute covers the adoption and description of the official flag, as well as the hours of flying and the method of folding the flag. the statute also requires the secretary of state to keep a photograph of the official state flag and samples so they can be used by the public to make copies.[1]
criticism and replacement campaign [ edit ]
[10] the north star flag, designed by vexillologists rev. william becker and mr. lee herold. the flag uses the green, white, and blue that traditionally represent minnesota, while the star comes from minnesota's nickname, "the star of the north".
the minnesota flag has been widely criticized for bad design and being overly complex. on numerous occasions, bills have been introduced in the minnesota legislature to establish a legislative task force for studying changes to the flag.[11]
2001 nava survey [ edit ]
in 2001, the minnesotan flag was chosen as one of the ten worst flag designs in an online poll conducted by the north american vexillological association. the survey consisted of 100 nava members and 300 members of the public. minnesota received a score of 3.13 on a scale of 1 to 10, on par with other flags that consisted of the state seal on a blue background, which were ranked very unfavorably. [12]
north star flag [ edit ]
in 1989, vexillologists rev. william becker and mr. lee herold proposed an alternative to the minnesota state flag known as the north star flag. the design consists of a blue background with a yellow five-pointed star, and green and white wavy horizontal stripes. the star represents "l'etoile du nord" and minnesota's natural wealth, the blue background represents minnesota's lakes and rivers, the white represents winter, and the green represents farmland and forests. the waves represent the name minnesota, a dakota word which means "sky-tinted waters". [10] the flag was the winner of an unofficial contest by the st. paul pioneer press to design a new state flag, as well as being widely endorsed by state politicians and newspapers, including the star tribune and st. paul pioneer press.[10]:endorsements
march 2017 petition [ edit ]
in march 2017, guy johnson, a resident of saint paul, started a petition on change.org to change the minnesota state flag, calling it "shameful" due to its "unoriginality and laziness". as of february 2018 , the petition has received 400 signatures. the petition also offers nine alternatives that came from reddit's vexillological community.[13]
see also [ edit ]
references [ edit ]
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ðə tɛk ˈɪndəstri wɑz kwɪk tɪ vɔɪs ɪts ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld fərst ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər ɔn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri, wɪʧ bænd ˈtrævələrz frəm ˈsɛvən ˈneɪʃənz frəm ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ˈkəntri. ˈkəmpəˌniz pɛnd ˈskeɪðɪŋ ˈlɛtərz ənd saɪnd əˈmikəs brifs. ðɛr ɪmˈplɔɪiz steɪʤd ˈwɔˌkaʊts. ˈvɛnʧər ˈkæpətəlɪsts ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈdɔlərz tɪ ˈsɪvəl raɪts grups. ˈsɪləkən paʊər ˈbroʊkərz ˈɔlsoʊ pʊʃt ðɛr vjuz dɪˈrɛkli ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. ə kwɔrts æˈnælɪsɪs əv ˈfɛdərəl ˈlɑbiɪŋ rɪˈpɔrts faʊnd ðət fɔr əv ðə sɪks ˈbɪgəst ˈpəblɪk tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈkəmpəˌniz spɛnt ˈməni ˈlɑbiɪŋ ɔn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ɪn ðə fərst kˈwɔrtər əv 2017 wɪn səm əv moʊst dɪˈvaɪsɪv ˈpɑləsiz wər roʊld aʊt. ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈnoʊtɪd ˈɔrdər fərst ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər ɔn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən, əˈməŋ ðə laɪn ˈaɪtəmz ɪn wən əv ɪts rɪˈpɔrts. ˈgugəl ˈpɛrənt ˈælfəˌbɛt, huz ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz hæv bɪn səm əv ðə moʊst ˈvoʊkəl əˈpoʊnənts əv ““america-first”*” ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈpɑləsiz, ˈlɑbid ɔn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən læst kˈwɔrtər mɔr ðən ɪt həz ɪn ðə pæst naɪn jɪrz, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ban,”*,” restrictions,”*,” ənd frəm ˈkəntriz əv concern”*” ɪn ɪts rɪˈpɔrts. (fər ðɪs æˈnælɪsɪs, wi kəmˈbaɪnd ˈlɑbiɪŋ rɪˈpɔrts wɪθ ðoʊz faɪld baɪ ˈælfəˌbɛt ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn 2015 wɪn ðə ˈkəmpəˌni reincorporated*.) kwɔrts ɪgˈzæmənd mɔr ðən ˈlɑbiɪŋ rɪˈpɔrts goʊɪŋ bæk tɪ 2008 fər sɪks əv ðə ˈbɪgəst tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs. əv ðoʊz, ənd ˈæpəl wər ðə ˈoʊnli tu ðət ˈmɛnʃən ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ɪn ðɛr ˈlɑbiɪŋ rɪˈpɔrts fər ðə fərst kˈwɔrtər əv ˈprɛzɪdənsi. ðoʊz tu ˈkəmpəˌniz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈlɑbiɪŋ ɔn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən sɪns 2014 ənd ˈæpəl ˈoʊnli dɪd soʊ twaɪs ˈoʊvər ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈpɪriəd (ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr wɑz lɛft aʊt əv ðə ʧɑrt bɪˈloʊ). ə lɑrʤ tɛk ˈkəmpəˌni ˈlɑbiz ɔn nɛt nuˈtræləti ər ˈhənərdz əv ˈəðər ˈɪʃuz, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪˈkəz əv ðə needs,”*,” sɛd stu ˈloʊzər, ə prɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri tɪ ˈfɔrmər nu jɔrk meɪər ˈmaɪkəl ˈblumbərg hu naʊ ædˈvaɪzɪz tɛk ˈkəmpəˌniz. wət ˈlɑbiɪŋ ɪz, ənd ðɪs wɑz ˈdɪfərənt. waɪl ðə ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən bæn dɪd hæv pəˈtɛnʃəl ˌɪmˈpækts ɔn tɛk ˈkəmpəˌniz, ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən wɑz ˈdrɪvən baɪ ðə companies’*’ ɪmˈplɔɪiz ənd leaders’*’ ˈpərsɪnəl vjuz. ɪt wɑz ə gət ˈɪʃu əˈbaʊt ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs fər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz, nɑt ʤɪst ə ˈbɪznɪs decision.”*.” ˈfɛdərəl lɔ ˈmænˌdeɪts ðət ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd ðə ˈlɑbiɪsts ðeɪ haɪər dɪˈskloʊz ðɛr ˈlɑbiɪŋ ækˈtɪvɪtiz ɔn ə kˈwɔrtərli ˈbeɪsɪs. ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈtɪpɪkəli ɪmˈplɔɪ ˈməltəpəl ˈlɑbiɪŋ fərmz, iʧ əv wɪʧ faɪlz ɪts oʊn kˈwɔrtərli rɪˈpɔrt. ðeɪ ər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ dɪˈskloʊz ˈtoʊtəl ˈspɛndɪŋ ɪn ðə kˈwɔrtər ɪn iʧ rɪˈpɔrt, ənd lɪst spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɪʃuz ˈlɑbid ɔn, fər ˈɪnstəns, ““immigration,”*,” ““trade,”*,” ˈprɑdəkt safety.”*.” ˈlɑbiɪŋ fərmz du nɑt nid tɪ breɪk aʊt haʊ məʧ ðeɪ spɛnd ɔn iʧ ˈɪʃu. ˈkəmpəˌni kʊd spɛnd ə greɪt dil ˈlɑbiɪŋ ən ˈɪʃu ɪn wən kˈwɔrtər ənd wi ˈkænɑt noʊ that,”*,” sɛd kreɪg ˈhɑlmən, ə ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɛrz ˈlɑbiəst æt ˈpəblɪk ˈsɪtɪzən. bət ˈkaʊntɪŋ haʊ ˈɔfən ðiz ˈɪʃuz əˈpɪr kən bi ə gʊd ˈprɑksi fər ðɛr clients’*’ ˈɪntərɪsts. ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ɪz ə ˈtəʧˌstoʊn ˈtɑpɪk ɪn ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈɪndəstri. ˈsɪləkən ˈvæli həz lɔŋ rɪˈlaɪd ɔn ˈɪməgrənts tɪ spər ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən (mɔr ðən 50 əv ˈstɑrˌtəps ˈvæljud æt 1 ˈbɪljən ər mɔr wər ˈfaʊndɪd baɪ ə ˈɪməgrənt) ənd tɪ fɪl ə vɔɪd ɪn dəˈmɛstɪk tɛk ˈtælənt. ˈgɪvɪn ˈkəmpəˌniz wɪθ ˈdɪspərɪt ˈbɪznɪs ˈɪntərɪsts ə ˈkɑmən goʊl ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, əˈspɛʃəli ɛz trəmp pərˈsuz ə american”*” əˈʤɛndə. ɪn ðə ˈleɪtəst kˈwɔrtər, ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈlɑbiɪŋ ɔn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən mɔr ðən ˈɛni əv ɪts pɪrz ɪn bɪg tɛk. faɪv əv ɪts eɪt ˈlɑbiɪŋ rɪˈpɔrts rɪˈfərd tɪ immigration”*” ər ðə ˈvizə, ənd wən ˈsaɪtɪd ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən rɪˈfɔrm, generally.”*.” bət ðɪs nu. ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft pʊʃt fər ˈhaɪli skɪld ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən rɪˈfɔrm wɛl ˈɪntu ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ 16 ˈlɑbiɪŋ ˈɛfərts æt ɪts pik ɪn 2013 sɪns 2008 ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən həz əˈpɪrd ɪn 340 əv ˈlɑbiɪŋ rɪˈpɔrts, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ 76 əv, ðə nɛkst ˈkəmpəˌni ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪk. ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈlɑbiɪŋ ʤəmpt ɪn ðə fərst kˈwɔrtər əv 2017 ˈsɛvən əv ðə 24 ˈlɑbiɪŋ dɪˈskloʊʒər fɔrmz faɪld ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌni rɪˈpɔrt ˈlɑbiɪŋ ɔn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈɪʃuz, mɔr ðən ˈdəbəlɪŋ ðə θri ˈlɑbiɪŋ ˈɛfərts ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪk ɪn ðə ˈpriviəs kˈwɔrtər. θri əv ˈsɛvən ˈlɑbiɪŋ rɪˈpɔrts ɪn ðə moʊst ˈrisənt kˈwɔrtər rɪˈfər tɪ ˈtrævəl bæn, ˈlɪstɪŋ ðɛr ˈɛfərts ɛz rɪˈspɑnsɪz tɪ e.o*. 13769 ənd e.o*. faɪv əv ðə rɪˈpɔrts ˈmɛnʃən ˈɪʃuz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈvizəz ənd immigration.”*.” ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈlɪstɪd ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ɔn ʤɪst tu əv ɪts ˈlɑbiɪŋ fɔrmz læst kˈwɔrtər, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ðə θərd moʊst proʊˈlɪfɪk ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu əv ðə sɪks ˈkəmpəˌniz wi ˈænəˌlaɪzd, wɪθ 65 ˈlɑbiɪŋ ˈɛfərts ˌriˈpɔrtəd sɪns 2008 ˈsiˌiˈoʊ mɑrk ˈzəkərˌbərg meɪd nuz wɪn hi ˈpoʊstɪd ə ˈstætəs ˈəpˌdeɪt ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ˈtrævəl bæn ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri, ənd wən əv ðə tu ˈɛfərts ɔn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən læst kˈwɔrtər ˈrɛfərəns ðə bæn, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈɪʃuz. ˈʤuli ˈsæmjuəlz, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər æt tech:nyc*, sɛd ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈlɑbiɪŋ rɪˈpɔrts ˌriɪnˈfɔrs ðət ðə tɛk ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən rɪˈfɔrm goʊz bɪɔnd ðə ˈbɑtəm laɪn. nɑt ˈsɪmpli ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl decision,”*,” ʃi sɛd. wən kɔlz aʊt ðə ɔɪl ənd gæs, ər ðə əv ðə bɪg telcos*. ðɛr ər ˈdɪfərənt ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz əv tɛk. wi ɪkˈspɛkt mɔr əv ɑr tɛk companies.”*.”
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the tech industry was quick to voice its opposition to us president donald trump’s first executive order on immigration in january, which banned travelers from seven majority-muslim nations from entering the country. companies penned scathing letters and signed amicus briefs. their employees staged walkouts. venture capitalists donated tens of thousands of dollars to civil rights groups.
silicon valley’s power brokers also pushed their views directly in washington. a quartz analysis of federal lobbying reports found that four of the six biggest public technology companies spent money lobbying on immigration in the first quarter of 2017, when some of trump’s most divisive policies were rolled out. facebook noted “executive order 13769,” trump’s first executive order on immigration, among the line items in one of its reports. google parent alphabet, whose executives have been some of the most vocal opponents of trump’s “america-first” immigration policies, lobbied on immigration last quarter more than it has in the past nine years, citing “travel ban,” “travel restrictions,” and “travel from countries of concern” in its reports. (for this analysis, we combined google’s lobbying reports with those filed by alphabet starting in 2015, when the company reincorporated.)
quartz examined more than 2,000 lobbying reports going back to 2008 for six of the biggest technology companies in the us. of those, ibm and apple were the only two that didn’t mention immigration in their lobbying reports for the first quarter of trump’s presidency. those two companies haven’t reported lobbying on immigration since 2014, and apple only did so twice over the entire period (and therefore was left out of the chart below).
“when a large tech company lobbies on net neutrality or hundreds of other issues, it’s almost always because of the industry’s needs,” said stu loeser, a press secretary to former new york mayor michael bloomberg who now advises tech companies. “that’s what lobbying is, and this was different. while the immigration ban did have potential impacts on tech companies, the industry’s opposition was driven by the companies’ employees and leaders’ personal views. it was a gut issue about injustice for individuals, not just a business decision.”
federal law mandates that companies and the lobbyists they hire disclose their lobbying activities on a quarterly basis. companies typically employ multiple lobbying firms, each of which files its own quarterly report. they are required to disclose total spending in the quarter in each report, and list specific issues lobbied on, for instance, “immigration,” “trade,” “consumer product safety.” lobbying firms do not need to break out how much they spend on each issue. “a company could spend a great deal lobbying an issue in one quarter and we cannot know that,” said craig holman, a government affairs lobbyist at public citizen. but counting how often these issues appear can be a good proxy for their clients’ interests.
immigration is a touchstone topic in the technology industry. silicon valley has long relied on immigrants to spur innovation (more than 50% of startups valued at $1 billion or more were founded by a first-generation immigrant) and to fill a void in domestic tech talent. that’s given companies with disparate business interests a common goal in washington, especially as trump pursues a “hire american” agenda.
in the latest quarter, microsoft reported lobbying on immigration more than any of its peers in big tech. five of its eight lobbying reports referred to “high-skilled immigration” or the h-1b visa, and one cited “comprehensive immigration reform, generally.” but this isn’t new. microsoft pushed for highly skilled immigration reform well into the obama administration, reporting 16 lobbying efforts at its peak in q4 2013. since 2008, immigration has appeared in 340 of microsoft’s lobbying reports, compared to 76 of google’s, the next most-active company on the topic.
alphabet’s interest in immigration lobbying jumped in the first quarter of 2017. seven of the 24 lobbying disclosure forms filed on behalf of the company report lobbying on immigration issues, more than doubling the three lobbying efforts on the topic in the previous quarter.
three of alphabet’s seven lobbying reports in the most recent quarter refer to trump’s travel ban, listing their efforts as ”legislative responses to e.o. 13769 and e.o. 13780.” five of the reports mention issues related to h-1b visas and “high-skilled immigration.”
although facebook listed immigration on just two of its lobbying forms last quarter, the company was the third most prolific on the issue of the six companies we analyzed, with 65 lobbying efforts reported since 2008. ceo mark zuckerberg made news when he posted a status update challenging trump’s travel ban in january, and one of the company’s two efforts on immigration last quarter reference the ban, as well as h-1b issues.
julie samuels, executive director at tech:nyc, said the latest lobbying reports reinforce that the tech industry’s interest in immigration reform goes beyond the bottom line. “it’s not simply a financial decision,” she said. “no one calls out the oil and gas, or the of the big telcos. there are different expectations of tech. we expect more of our tech companies.”
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ʤɑʃ ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈɔnˌlaɪn æd seɪlz ˈɑrənt ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ˈtɪpɪkəli ˈkæpʧər ðə ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən. bət θroʊ ɪn ˈkɔrpərət ˈʃeɪmɪŋ wɪθ səm pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈræŋgəlɪŋ, ənd ðə ˈtɑpɪk gɪts ˈdaʊnˌraɪt ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ. ˈæftər ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən əv ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər, ə ˈsikrətɪv ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən kɔld sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts pɑpt əp ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd tˈwɪtər. ɪts ˈmɪʃən: "tɪ stɑp ˈreɪsɪst ˈwɛbˌsaɪts baɪ ˈstɑpɪŋ ðɛr æd ˈdɔlərz." sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts' meɪn ˈtərgət həz bɪn nuz, wɪʧ meɪd ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈæftər ˈstudənts æt ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə æt ˈbərkli ˈproʊˌtɛstəd ən əˈpɪrəns baɪ wən əv ɪts ˈkɑləmnəsts. ðə nuz ənd əˈpɪnjən saɪt, ˈfɔrmərli rən baɪ ˈsinjər trəmp eɪd stiv ˈbænən, həz bɪn ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ɛz ə ˈplætˌfɔrm fər kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz ənd ˈreɪˌsɪzəm. ˈbænən hɪmˈsɛlf kɔld "ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm əv ðə 'alt-right*,'" ə lus, ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈmuvmənt əv ˈpipəl prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ðə ˈnoʊʃən əv "waɪt aɪˈdɛntəˌti," ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ waɪt suˈprɛməsɪsts ənd ðoʊz ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪŋ fər ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt waɪt ˈhoʊmˌlænd. sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ gɪt ˈkəmpəˌniz tɪ blɑk ðɛr ædz frəm əˈpɪrɪŋ ɔn ðə saɪt. ənd ɪn duɪŋ soʊ ɪt ˈlərnɪd ðət bɪˈkəz əv ðə weɪ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ædz ər soʊld, fju ˈædvərˌtaɪzərz noʊ wɛr ðɛr ædz əˈpɪr. soʊ fɑr əˈbaʊt 820 ˈkəmpəˌniz hæv blɑkt ðɛr ædz ɔn, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts. ðeɪ ˌɪnˈklud bɪg kənˈsumər brændz laɪk ˈkɛlɔgz, ˈbiˌɛmˈdəbəlju ənd ˈvizə, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈdəzənz əv tɛk ˈkəmpəˌniz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈɔtoʊˌdɛsk,,, okta*, ənd ˈpɛrənt ˈkəmpəˌni dɔɪʧ ˈtɛləkɑm. ˈkəmpəˌni ˈubər, wɪʧ həz bɪn kɔld aʊt baɪ sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts fər ɪts ædz ɔn ðə saɪt, həz naʊ ˈɔlsoʊ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ blɑk. ˈraɪvəl hæd ˈərliər ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ bɑr ðə saɪt. ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ ˈɪmɪʤ baɪ "wən əv kɔr ˈvæljuz ɪz tɪ ˈəplɪft ənd səˈpɔrt wən əˈnəðər ɪn ɔl ðət wi du," sɛd dɪˈrɛktər əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz, ˈeɪdriən ˈdərbɪn. "wi straɪv tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ɑr ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts əˈpɪr ˈoʊnli ɔn saɪts ðət ʃɛr ðɪs ˈvælju." ˈsɪmələrli, ən ˈspoʊksmən sɛd, "ɑr ˈvɪʒən ɪz tɪ kriˈeɪt tɛkˈnɑləʤi ðət meɪks laɪf ˈbɛtər fər ˈɛvriˌwən, ˈɛvriˌwɛr ənd wi hæv noʊ ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən əv ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ɔn saɪts ðət doʊnt əˈlaɪn wɪθ ɑr ˈvæljuz ɛz ə ˈkəmpəˌni." ə ˈspoʊksmən təʧt ɔn ə ˈdɪfərənt pɔɪnt: "ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈrisənt ˈɑrtɪkəl rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈwɪmən ɪn saɪəns, tɛk, ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd mæθ (stɛm), həz bɪn blɑkt frəm ɔl ˈkɑrənt ˈmidiə kæmˈpeɪnz. baɪ ðə weɪ, æt ðə seɪm taɪm, wi ˈɔlsoʊ: 'ɑr ædz ər naʊ blɑkt ɔn ðət saɪt. ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli, wi θɪŋk ˈwɪmən ʃʊd ˈstədi tənz əv saɪəns ənd mæθ.'" ðæts nɑt tɪ seɪ ˈɛvriˌwən həz ʤɔɪnd ɪn ðə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt. ˈæməˌzɑn ənd ædz kənˈtɪnju tɪ ʃoʊ ɔn ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ˈæməˌzɑn ˈdɪdənt rɪˈtərn ə rɪkˈwɛst fər ˈkɑmɛnt ənd dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt fər ðɪs ˈstɔri. ˈdɪdənt rɪˈspɑnd tɪ rɪkˈwɛsts fər ˈkɑmɛnt. wəns ˈplɪtɪkli ˈnutrəl, ˈsɪləkən ˈvæli ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz hæv bɪˈkəm ˈaʊtˈspoʊkən ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɪʃuz. tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ mɑrk θˈrɛtənd tɪ ˈkænsəl ɔl ˈspɛndɪŋ ɪn ˌɪndiˈænə ˈæftər maɪk pɛns saɪnd ə bɪl ðət wʊd hæv əˈlaʊd ˈbɪznɪsɪz tɪ dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪt əˈgɛnst geɪ ənd ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈpipəl. ˈæpəl ˈsiˌiˈoʊ tɪm kʊk roʊt ə ɪn ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst əˈgɛnst ˈsɪmələr lɔz ɪn ˈəðər steɪts. ˈərliər ðɪs wik, ðə əv ˈfeɪsˌbʊk, ˈgugəl ənd ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmps ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli ˈblɑkɪŋ ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən frəm ˈsɛvən ˈkəntriz tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs. ðɛr stæns ɪz ˈnoʊtəbəl bɪˈkəz ðə tɛk ˈɪndəstri ɪmˈplɔɪz mɔr ðən ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl ənd əˈkaʊnts fər pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈkəntriz gdp*, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə kəmˈpjutɪŋ tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈɪndəstri əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən. haʊ ɪt ɔl bɪˈgæn ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti həz sərʤd sɪns trəmp əˈnaʊnst hɪz ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl bɪd ɪn ʤun 2015 ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 2014 əˈtræktəd əˈbaʊt 8 ˈmɪljən ˈmənθli ˈridərz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ comscore*. baɪ ɑkˈtoʊbər 2016 ðə saɪt dru ɪn ˈmɪljən ˈmənθli ˈvɪzɪtərz. waɪl ðæts ˈrəfli 5 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈmɑrkɪt, stɪl ˈdəzənt tɔp ðə 50 moʊst ˈvɪzɪtɪd saɪts. fər kəmˈpɛrəsən, ˈgugəl wɑz noʊ. 1 ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər wɪθ 246 ˈmɪljən ˈmənθli ˈvɪzɪtərz, ənd ˈtrɪbjun ˈmidiə wɑz noʊ. 50 wɪθ 60 ˈmɪljən ˈvɪzɪtərz. səm ˈkəmpəˌniz meɪ nɑt wɔnt tɪ blɑk ðɛr ædz ɔn ənd luz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ riʧ ðət ˈɔdiəns. ˈəðərz maɪt nɑt ˈivɪn noʊ ðɛr ˈsərvɪŋ ædz ɔn. ðæts wɪn sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts stɛps ɪn. sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts wɑz bɔrn ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər trəmps wɪn ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər. ɪts ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz, huv æst tɪ rɪˈmeɪn əˈnɑnəməs, sɛd ɪn iˈmeɪl ˈɪntərvˌjuz ðət ðeɪ ˈhædənt spɛnt məʧ taɪm ɔn ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ənd wər ˈkjʊriəs tɪ si wət kaɪnz əv ˈkəmpəˌniz wər ˈpleɪsɪŋ ædz ɔn ðə saɪt. ðə fərst ˈkəmpəˌni ðeɪ keɪm əˈkrɔs wɑz, ə ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈkəmpəˌni ðət dɪz θɪŋz laɪk hɛlp ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈgræʤəˌweɪts faɪnd ˈbɛtər reɪts ɔn ˈstudənt loʊnz. ðeɪ tʊk ə əv ðə æd, ˈstɑrtɪd əp ðə sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnt ənd ðə tɪ ˈsiˌiˈoʊ. "wɪˈθɪn 30 ˈmɪnəts, hi gɑt bæk tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ənd wɑz səˈpraɪzd ðə ædz wər ɔn ðə saɪt," sɛd sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts. "ðɪs sɛt ɔf əˈlɑrm bɛlz tɪ ˈjuˈɛs, ɛz wi əˈsumd ðət ˈædvərˌtaɪzərz nu wɛr ðɛr ædz wər ʃoʊɪŋ əp." ɪt tərnz aʊt moʊst ˈkəmpəˌniz hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə wɛr ðɛr ˈɔnˌlaɪn ædz əˈpɪr. moʊst ˈɔnˌlaɪn æd ˈpleɪsmənt ˈsərvɪsɪz juz "ˌprɑgrəˈmætɪk ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ," wɪʧ ˈtɑrgəts ˈpipəl ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈwɛbˌsaɪts. ðæts waɪ wɪn jʊr ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈʃɑpɪŋ fər ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ʃuz, ju meɪ si ən æd fər ðoʊz ʃuz əˈkrɔs ˈvɛriəs saɪts ju ˈvɪzɪt. wɪθ ˌprɑgrəˈmætɪk ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ, ðoʊz ʃuz ˈsimɪŋli wɔk ɪn jʊr ˈfʊtˌstɛps əraʊnd ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. "wən əv kɔr ˈvæljuz ɪz tɪ ˈəplɪft ənd səˈpɔrt wən əˈnəðər ɪn ɔl ðət wi du. wi straɪv tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ɑr ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts əˈpɪr ˈoʊnli ɔn saɪts ðət ʃɛr ðɪs ˈvælju." dɪˈrɛktər əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈeɪdriən ˈdərbɪn ɪf ə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈdəzənt wɔnt ɪts ædz tɪ ʃoʊ əp ɔn ə ˈsərtən ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, ɪt həz tɪ ˈæktɪvli blɑk ðət doʊˈmeɪn, sɛd mɑrk ˈərvaɪn, ˈsinjər ˈdætə ˈsaɪəntɪst fər ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈkəmpəˌni. "ɪn ðə pæst, ðiz ˌprɑgrəˈmætɪk ˈkəmpəˌniz hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ blɑk ædz frəm əˈpɪrɪŋ ɔn pɔrˈnɑgrəfi saɪts ər nɛkst tɪ ˈvaɪələnt ˈkɑntɛnt," sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts raɪts ɪn ɪts faq*. "bət wət ðeɪ ɔl mɪst wɑz ðə fækt ðət ædz kʊd əˈpɪr nɛkst tɪ ˈhaɪli ʧɑrʤd, ɪnˈflæməˌtɔri ənd ˈɔfən feɪk nuz." sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts kleɪmz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ blɑk ɪts ædz ɔn ˈæftər ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə ˈhɛdˌzəp. ˈdɪdənt rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ə rɪkˈwɛst fər ˈkɑmɛnt. sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts ðɛn əˈlərtɪd faɪv mɔr ˈkəmpəˌniz, wɪʧ ɪt sɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ blɑk ðɛr ædz frəm ðə saɪt. ðɛn ɪt əˈlərtɪd 10 mɔr. bət moʊˈmɛntəm fər sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts' kæmˈpeɪn ˈrɪli pɪkt əp ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər, ˈæftər ˈsɪriəl ˈmeɪkər ˈkɛlɔgz sɛd ɪt wɑz riˈmuvɪŋ ædz frəm bɪˈkəz ðə saɪt ˈdəzənt əˈlaɪn "wɪθ ɑr ˈvæljuz ɛz ə ˈkəmpəˌni." riˈæktɪd baɪ ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ɪts ˈbɔɪˌkɑt ənd toʊld ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs taɪmz ðət ˈkɛlɔgz dɪˈsɪʒən wɑz ˈikwəl tɪ "ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp əv ˈmeɪnˌstrim kənˈsərvətɪv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈdɪskɔrs" ənd "ɛz ɛz ɪt gɪts." əraʊnd ðə seɪm taɪm, ˈdəzənz əv ˈəðər ˈkəmpəˌniz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈpɑrkər ənd ˈɔlˌsteɪt, bɪˈgæn tɪ blɑk ðɛr ædz frəm ðə nuz saɪt. "ðə ˈnəmbər əv ædz frəm ˈmeɪʤər ˈædvərˌtaɪzərz ər weɪ daʊn," sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts kleɪmz ˈæftər pərˈuzɪŋ ˈædvərˌtaɪzərz, waɪl ækˈnɑlɪʤɪŋ ɪt ˈdəzənt hæv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn æd seɪlz. ɪt sɪz ə ˌrivˈju əv ʃoʊz ðət "moʊst əv ðə ædz naʊ ər fər mɔr ˈloʊkəl ənd buˈtik ˈkəmpəˌniz." ædz ər stɪl ædz ðə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt meɪ nɑt hərt ˈbɑtəm laɪn. ðæts bɪˈkəz əv ðə weɪ ˈɔnˌlaɪn æd seɪlz wərk. moʊst ˈɔnˌlaɪn ædz ər soʊld θru ˈmæsɪv ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrmz laɪk adwords*. wən əv ðiz ˈplætˌfɔrmz, appnexus*, sɛd ɪn leɪt noʊˈvɛmbər ðət ɪt hæd blɑkt frəm ˈjuzɪŋ ɪts tulz bɪˈkəz ðə saɪt ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ɪts heɪt spiʧ ˈpɑləsi. ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðət əˈnaʊnsmɛnt, tu ˈəðər æd ˈplætˌfɔrmz, ənd rocketfuel*, dɪd ðə seɪm, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ waɪərd. ˈəðərz ˈplætˌfɔrmz, laɪk adwords*, seɪ ðeɪ lɛt ðɛr klaɪənts ʧuz wɪʧ saɪts tɪ blɑk. sˈlipɪŋ ʤaɪənts sɛd ɪt həz ˈbeɪgən tɪ əˈpil tɪ ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrmz ɛz pɑrt əv ɪts ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈɛfərts. ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈkəmpəˌni həz ˈteɪkən ə ˈdipər lʊk æt ðə səkˈsɛs əv ædz ɔn. ɪt ˈpleɪsɪz ædz fər mɔr ðən ˈkəmpəˌniz. əv ðoʊz klaɪənts, ˈrəfli 40 pərˈsɛnt hæv rɪkˈwɛstɪd tɪ blɑk. ˈivɪn soʊ, mɑrk ˈərvaɪn sɛd ðə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈwʊdənt əˈfɛkt. "æt bɛst, wɪr ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt riˈmuvɪŋ ə smɔl ʃɛr əv ɔl ðə ˈædvərˌtaɪzərz ðət kʊd ˈpɑsəbli sərv," ˈərvaɪn sɛd. tɪ ə ˈsərtən ɪkˈstɛnt, gɪts peɪd ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ɪts æd ˈspeɪsɪz ər biɪŋ fɪld. stɪl, æd ˈdɔlərz ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈpɛnd ɔn haʊ ˈɔfən ædz ər klɪkt. ˈhævɪŋ ˈmeɪʤər ˈædvərˌtaɪzərz pʊl aʊt kʊd əˈfɛkt ˈrɛvəˌnu, bət ˈlaɪkli ˈwʊdənt fil ə skwiz ənˈtɪl bɪg æd ˈplætˌfɔrmz stɑrt ˈblɑkɪŋ ðə saɪt ˈhoʊlˌseɪl, sɛd ˈərvaɪn. "wəns ju gɪt ə lɑrʤ pleɪər ɪn ðə geɪm, səʧ ɛz ˈgugəl, ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ər ən æd prəˈvaɪdər səʧ ɛz, ðæts wɪn doʊˈmeɪnz səʧ ɛz kʊd bɪˈgɪn tɪ fil ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈbərdən," ˈərvaɪn sɛd. "wɪθ wən ˈædvərˌtaɪzər, ɪts wən ɪn ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɪljən. wɛˈræz ɪf ju wər tɪ pʊl ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɪljən æt wəns, ðɛn ðət ˈpɛnəlti ɪz pæst ɔn.", laɪk appnexus*, ənd rocketfuel*, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdəzənt prəˈvaɪd ædz ɔn. "waɪl wi du lɛt ɑr ˈkəstəmərz dɪˈtərmən wɪʧ saɪts ðeɪd laɪk tɪ blɑk, wi wʊd laɪk tɪ ˈklɛrəˌfaɪ ðət dɪz nɑt sərv ædz ɔn nuz bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈvaɪəleɪts ɑr ˈpɑləsiz əraʊnd əˈfɛnsɪv ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ənd heɪt spiʧ," ə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən sɛd. ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv ˈprɑmptɪd ə twit ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ baɪ trəmp, hu kˈwɛsʧənd ˈwɛðər ˈbərkli, noʊn fər ɪts ˈædvəkəsi əv fri spiʧ, ʃʊd luz ˈfɛdərəl fəndz fər ˈproʊˌtɛstɪŋ "ˈpipəl wɪθ ə ˈdɪfərənt pɔɪnt əv vju." ˈstudənts hæd ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd əˈgɛnst ən əˈpɪrəns baɪ ˈɛdɪtər ˈmiloʊz yiannopoulos*, ə ˈɪntərˌnɛt troʊl hu wɑz bænd frəm tˈwɪtər læst ʤun ˈæftər ˈlidɪŋ ə hərˈæsmənt kæmˈpeɪn əˈgɛnst "ˈgoʊstˌbəstərz" ˈæktrəs ˈlɛsli ʤoʊnz. fər naʊ, ˈædvərˌtaɪzərz laɪk ˈvizə ənd kənˈtɪnju tɪ blɑk ðɛr ædz frəm wən baɪ wən. "ˈvizə wərks wɪθ ɪts ˈmidiə baɪɪŋ ˈeɪʤənsi tɪ ˈkɑnstəntli ˈɑptɪˌmaɪz ðə aɪˈdil mɪks əv saɪts wɛr ɑr ˈdɪʤɪtəl ædz meɪ əˈpɪr," ə ˈvizə ˈspoʊksmən sɛd. "pɑrt əv ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs ˌɪnˈkludz ˈrɛgjələr ˈseɪfˌgɑrdz tɪ əˈvɔɪd ɑr ædz əˈpɪrɪŋ ɔn saɪts wɪθ ˈsɛnsɪtɪv, ˌrɪˈskeɪ ər ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈkɑntɛnt." fərst ˈpəblɪʃt ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 2 p.m*. pt*. ˈəpˌdeɪt, ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 3 æt p.m*.: ædz ˈkɑmɛnt frəm. ˈəpˌdeɪt, ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 6 æt a.m*.: tɪ seɪ ˈubər ˈɔlsoʊ naʊ blɑks ɪts ædz ɔn. ˈmægəˌzin: ʧɛk aʊt ə ˈsæmpəl əv ðə ˈstɔriz jul faɪnd ɪn ˈnuzˌstænd ɪˈdɪʃən. laɪf, dɪsˈrəptɪd: ɪn ˈjʊrəp, ˈmɪljənz əv ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ər stɪl ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ə seɪf pleɪs tɪ ˈsɛtəl. tɛk ʃʊd bi pɑrt əv ðə səˈluʃən. bət ɪz ɪt? ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪts.
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josh edelson/afp/getty images
online ad sales aren't something that typically capture the imagination. but throw in corporate shaming with some political wrangling, and the topic gets downright interesting.
after the election of president donald trump in november, a secretive organization called sleeping giants popped up on facebook and twitter. its mission: "to stop racist websites by stopping their ad dollars."
sleeping giants' main target has been breitbart news, which made headlines wednesday after students at university of california at berkeley protested an appearance by one of its columnists. the right-wing news and opinion site, formerly run by senior trump aide steve bannon, has been criticized as a platform for conspiracy theories and racism. bannon himself called breitbart "the platform of the 'alt-right,'" a loose, online movement of people promoting the notion of "white identity," including white supremacists and those advocating for a separate white homeland.
sleeping giants decided to get companies to block their ads from appearing on the site. and in doing so it learned that because of the way online ads are sold, few advertisers know where their ads appear.
so far about 820 companies have blocked their ads on breitbart, according to sleeping giants. they include big consumer brands like kellogg's, bmw and visa, as well as dozens of tech companies, including autodesk, lenovo, hp, okta, vimeo and t-mobile's parent company deutsche telekom. ride-hailing company uber, which has been called out by sleeping giants for its ads on the site, has now also decided to block breitbart. uber's rival lyft had earlier decided to bar the site.
enlarge image screenshot by cnet
"one of lyft's core values is to uplift and support one another in all that we do," said lyft's director of communications, adrian durbin. "we strive to ensure that our advertisements appear only on sites that share this value."
similarly, an hp spokesman said, "our vision is to create technology that makes life better for everyone, everywhere and we have no intention of advertising on sites that don't align with our values as a company."
a lenovo spokesman touched on a different point: "following a recent article regarding women in science, tech, education and math (stem), breitbart has been blocked from all current lenovo media campaigns. by the way, at the same time, we also tweeted: 'our ads are now blocked on that site. incidentally, we think women should study tons of science and math.'"
that's not to say everyone has joined in the breitbart boycott. amazon and at&t ads continue to show on the website. amazon didn't return a request for comment and at&t declined to comment for this story.
breitbart didn't respond to requests for comment.
once politically neutral, silicon valley executives have become outspoken on social issues. two years ago, salesforce ceo marc benioff threatened to cancel all spending in indiana after then-governor mike pence signed a bill that would have allowed businesses to discriminate against gay and transgender people. apple ceo tim cook wrote a now-famous op-ed in the washington post against similar laws in other states. earlier this week, the ceos of facebook, google and microsoft criticized president trump's executive order temporarily blocking immigration from seven muslim-majority countries to the us.
their stance is notable because the tech industry employs more than 6.7 million people and accounts for 7.1 percent of the country's gdp, according to the computing technology industry association.
how it all began
breitbart's popularity has surged since trump announced his presidential bid in june 2015. in october 2014, breitbart attracted about 8 million monthly readers, according to comscore. by october 2016, the site drew in 19.2 million monthly visitors. while that's roughly 5 percent of the us internet market, breitbart still doesn't top the 50 most visited sites. for comparison, google was no. 1 in october with 246 million monthly visitors, and tribune media was no. 50 with 60 million visitors.
some companies may not want to block their ads on breitbart and lose the potential to reach that audience. others might not even know they're serving ads on breitbart.
that's when sleeping giants steps in.
sleeping giants was born shortly after trump's win in november. its organizers, who've asked to remain anonymous, said in email interviews that they hadn't spent much time on breitbart before the election and were curious to see what kinds of companies were placing ads on the site.
the first company they came across was sofi, a self-described alternative finance company that does things like help college graduates find better rates on student loans. they took a screenshot of the ad, started up the sleeping giants twitter account and tweeted the screenshot to sofi's ceo.
"within 30 minutes, he got back to us and was surprised the ads were on the site," said sleeping giants. "this set off alarm bells to us, as we assumed that advertisers knew where their ads were showing up."
it turns out most companies have no idea where their online ads appear. most online ad placement services use "programmatic advertising," which targets people instead of websites. that's why when you're online shopping for something like shoes, you may see an ad for those shoes across various sites you visit. with programmatic advertising, those shoes seemingly walk in your footsteps around the internet.
"one of lyft's core values is to uplift and support one another in all that we do. we strive to ensure that our advertisements appear only on sites that share this value." lyft director of communications adrian durbin
if a company doesn't want its ads to show up on a certain website, it has to actively block that domain, said mark irvine, senior data scientist for online advertising software company wordstream.
"in the past, these programmatic companies have been able to block ads from appearing on pornography sites or next to violent content," sleeping giants writes in its faq. "but what they all missed was the fact that ads could appear next to highly charged, inflammatory and often fake news."
sleeping giants claims sofi decided to block its ads on breitbart after getting the heads-up. sofi didn't respond to a request for comment. sleeping giants then alerted five more companies, which it says also decided to block their ads from the site. then it alerted 10 more.
but momentum for sleeping giants' campaign really picked up in december, after cereal maker kellogg's said it was removing ads from breitbart because the site doesn't align "with our values as a company."
breitbart reacted by launching its #dumpkelloggs boycott and told the los angeles times that kellogg's decision was equal to "economic censorship of mainstream conservative political discourse" and "as un-american as it gets."
around the same time, dozens of other companies, including warby parker and allstate, began to block their ads from the news site.
"the number of ads from major advertisers are way down," sleeping giants claims after perusing breitbart's advertisers, while acknowledging it doesn't have information on breitbart's ad sales. it says a review of breitbart.com shows that "most of the ads now are for more local and boutique companies."
ads are still ads
the boycott may not hurt breitbart's bottom line. that's because of the way online ad sales work.
most online ads are sold through massive digital advertising platforms like google's adwords. one of these platforms, appnexus, said in late november that it had blocked breitbart from using its ad-serving tools because the site violated its hate speech policy. shortly after that announcement, two other ad platforms, tubemogul and rocketfuel, did the same, according to wired.
others platforms, like adwords, say they let their clients choose which sites to block.
sleeping giants said it has begun to appeal to advertising platforms as part of its long-term efforts.
online advertising software company wordstream has taken a deeper look at the success of ads on breitbart. it places ads for more than 3,000 companies. of those clients, roughly 40 percent have requested to block breitbart. even so, wordstream's mark irvine said the boycott probably wouldn't affect breitbart.
"at best, we're talking about removing a small share of all the advertisers that could possibly serve breitbart," irvine said.
to a certain extent, breitbart gets paid as long as its ad spaces are being filled. still, ad dollars also depend on how often ads are clicked. having major advertisers pull out could affect revenue, but breitbart likely wouldn't feel a squeeze until big ad platforms start blocking the site wholesale, said irvine.
"once you get a large player in the game, such as google, facebook or an ad provider such as adroll, that's when domains such as breitbart could begin to feel financial burden," irvine said. "with one advertiser, it's one in several million. whereas if you were to pull several million at once, then that penalty is passed on."
adroll, like appnexus, tubemogul and rocketfuel, also doesn't provide ads on breitbart.
"while we do let our customers determine which sites they'd like to block, we would like to clarify that adroll does not serve ads on breitbart news because it violates our policies around offensive language and hate speech," a company spokeswoman said.
criticism of breitbart prompted a tweet on wednesday by trump, who questioned whether uc berkeley, known for its advocacy of free speech, should lose federal funds for protesting "people with a different point of view." students had demonstrated against an appearance by breitbart editor milos yiannopoulos, a self-proclaimed internet troll who was banned from twitter last june after leading a harassment campaign against "ghostbusters" actress leslie jones.
for now, advertisers like visa and lululemon continue to block their ads from breitbart one by one.
"visa works with its media buying agency to constantly optimize the ideal mix of sites where our digital ads may appear," a visa spokesman said. "part of this process includes regular safeguards to avoid our ads appearing on sites with sensitive, risque or controversial content."
first published feb. 2, 1:30 p.m. pt.
update, feb. 3 at 1:11 p.m.: adds comment from adroll.
update, feb. 6 at 9:55 a.m.: to say uber also now blocks its ads on breitbart.
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life, disrupted: in europe, millions of refugees are still searching for a safe place to settle. tech should be part of the solution. but is it? cnet investigates.
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ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ˈkərəntli wən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst θrɛts tɪ ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvərsəti, ənd wən əv ðə grups əv ˈænəməlz moʊst əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðə ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈtɛmpərəʧər ɪz æmˈfɪbiənz. ə tim əv ˈsaɪəntɪsts wɪθ ˈspænɪʃ pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈstədid haʊ hit weɪvz əˈfɛkt ðə ˈdaɪəˌtɛri ˈʧɔɪsɪz əv θri ˈspiʃiz əv æmˈfɪbiən faʊnd ɔn ðə aɪˈbɪriən pəˈnɪnsələ: ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən tri frɑg, ðə ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən tri frɑg ənd ðə aɪˈbɪriən ˈpeɪnɪd frɑg. ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ ɪz ˈkɔzɪŋ nɑt ˈoʊnli ə ˈʤɛnərəl ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈtɛmpərəʧərz, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə ˈfrikwənsi ənd ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti əv ɪkˈstrim ˈwɛðər ɪˈvɛnts, səʧ ɛz ˈflədɪŋ, hit weɪvz ənd draʊts. ðiz ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz poʊz ə ˈʧælənʤ fər ˈmɛni ˈɔrgəˌnɪzəmz, əˈməŋ ðɛm æmˈfɪbiənz, hu hæv tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðɛr bɪˈheɪvjər, ˌfɪziˈɑləʤi ənd laɪf ˈstrætəʤiz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ sərˈvaɪv. ˈrisərʧərz æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz əv ˈlɪzbən (ˈpɔrʧəgəl) ənd (sˈwidən) ˈstədid ðə bɪˈheɪvjər əv θri kaɪnz əv æmˈfɪbiənz ðət ˌɪnˈhæbət ðə aɪˈbɪriən pəˈnɪnsələ: ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən tri frɑg arborea*), ðə ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən tri frɑg meridionalis*) ənd ðə aɪˈbɪriən ˈpeɪnɪd frɑg galganoi*) tɪ faɪnd aʊt wət ˈifɛkt hit weɪvz kən hæv ɔn ðɛr daɪɪts. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ɛz, əv ðə ˈstədi ˈpəblɪʃt ðɪs wik ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl 'ɪˈkɑləʤi' ənd ə ˈrisərʧər æt ðə sˈwidɪʃ ˌjunəˈvərsəti, tɛlz sinc*: "əˈməŋ ðə ˈmɛni ˈʧælənʤɪz ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ˈpoʊzɪz tɪ ˈnæʧərəl ˈikoʊˌsɪstəmz, ðə ˈifɛkt ɪt kən hæv ɔn ðə ˈdaɪəˌtɛri ˈprɛfərənsɪz əv ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈɔrgəˌnɪzəmz ɪz ə fild əv ˈstədi ðət həz bɪn əˈtræktɪŋ ˈrisərʧərz' əˈtɛnʃən ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz." æmˈfɪbiənz ər ə grup ðət ɪz ˈhaɪli ˈsɛnsɪtɪv tɪ ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ du tɪ ðə pərˌmiəˈbɪlɪti əv ðɛr skɪn ənd ðɛr ˈkɑmplɛks lifecycle*, wɪʧ kəmˈbaɪnz ən əkˈwɑtɪk steɪʤ ɛz ˈlɑrvi ənd ə tərˈɛstriəl steɪʤ wɪn jəŋ ənd ɛz ˈædəlts. "ɪn fækt, ðeɪ ər ɔˈrɛdi ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ʃɑrp dɪˈklaɪnz ɪn ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ənd ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɔn ə ˈgloʊbəl skeɪl, ənd ðeɪ hæv bɪˈkəm ðə ˈfoʊkɪs əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈrisərʧ ənd ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ɪn ˈrisənt ˈdɛkeɪdz," ðə ˈsaɪəntɪst ɪkˈspleɪnz. ə, ər mɪkst daɪət ðə ˈrisərʧərz kənˈdəktəd ə ˈlæbrəˌtɔri ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ ɪkˈspoʊzd ðə ˈlɑrvi əv ðiz θri ˈspiʃiz tɪ ˈvɛriəs kaɪnz əv hit weɪvz, wɪʧ ˈvɛrid ɪn ˈdʊˈreɪʃən ənd ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti, baɪ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə ˈtɛmpərəʧər əv ðə ˈwɔtər wɛr ðeɪ wər groʊɪŋ. "ðə ˈlɑrvi wər kɛpt ɪn θri ˈdɪfərənt sɛts əv kənˈdɪʃənz: wɪθ ə ˈsoʊəli daɪət, ˈsoʊəli ər ə mɪkst daɪət. ðɪs θərd ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən əˈlaʊd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ əˈsɛs ˈwɛðər ðeɪ ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd ðɛr daɪɪts təˈwɔrdz ə ˈgreɪtər ər loʊər pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈvɛʤtəbəl ˈmætər," ædz. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ɪgˈzæmənd ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈvɛriəs ˈkɑrbən ənd ˈnaɪtrəʤən ˈaɪsəˌtoʊps ɪn ðə ˈtɪʃu əv ˈlɑrvi wɪθ ə mɪkst daɪət ənd kəmˈpɛrd ðɛm wɪθ ðoʊz əv ɪkˈsklusɪvli ər 'ˈmɛnjuz'. ðɪs ɪˈneɪbəld ðɛm tɪ ˌrikənˈstrəkt ðə taɪp əv daɪət ˈlɑrvi ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ ə kəmˈbaɪnd daɪət səˈlɛktɪd. "ɑr rɪˈzəlts ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd fərst ðət ˈlɑrvi əv ˈvɛriəs ˈspiʃiz hæv ə daɪət əˈdæptɪd tɪ ðə kənˈdɪʃənz ˈəndər wɪʧ ðeɪ ˌriprəˈdus. ðə ˈpeɪnɪd frɑg, wɪʧ ˌriprəˈdusɪz wɪn ɪt ɪz koʊld, həz ə kɑrˈnɪvərəs daɪət, waɪl ðə ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən tri frɑg, wɪʧ ˌriprəˈdusɪz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈhɑtəst ˈsizən əv ðə jɪr, meɪnˈteɪnz ə ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən daɪət," ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtər noʊts. ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt rɪˈzəlt ɪz ðət ðiz ˈlɑrvi hæv ˈvɛri ˈflɛksəbəl ˈdaɪəˌtɛri ˈhæbəts. ɔl θri ˈspiʃiz ˌɪnˈkrist ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈvɛʤtəbəlz kənˈsumd ˈdʊrɪŋ hit weɪvz. baɪ ðiz reɪts əv sərˈvaɪvəl, groʊθ ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt, rɪˈdust ˈifɛktɪvnəs əv ðə kɑrˈnɪvərəs daɪət ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ə ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən daɪət wɑz dɪˈskəvərd ɪn hɑt kənˈdɪʃənz. "ðɪs fəˈnɑməˌnɑn kʊd bi ˈkɑmən tɪ ˈmɛni ˈspiʃiz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˌkɑntəˈnɛnəl, əkˈwɑtɪk ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts. ɪf soʊ, ðə ˌɪnˈkrist ˈfrikwənsi ənd ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti əv hit weɪvz ˈfɔrˌkæst baɪ ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ˈmɑdəlz kʊd brɪŋ əˈbaʊt kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðiz ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts," kənˈkludz.
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climate change is currently one of the greatest threats to biodiversity, and one of the groups of animals most affected by the increase in temperature is amphibians. a team of scientists with spanish participants studied how heat waves affect the dietary choices of three species of amphibian found on the iberian peninsula: the european tree frog, the mediterranean tree frog and the iberian painted frog.
global warming is causing not only a general increase in temperatures, but also an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as flooding, heat waves and droughts. these environmental changes pose a challenge for many organisms, among them amphibians, who have to change their behaviour, physiology and life strategies in order to survive.
researchers at the universities of lisbon (portugal) and uppsala (sweden) studied the behaviour of three kinds of amphibians that inhabit the iberian peninsula: the european tree frog (hyla arborea), the mediterranean tree frog (hyla meridionalis) and the iberian painted frog (discoglosus galganoi) to find out what effect heat waves can have on their diets.
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as germán orizaola, co-author of the study published this week in the journal 'ecology' and a researcher at the swedish university, tells sinc: "among the many challenges climate change poses to natural ecosystems, the effect it can have on the dietary preferences of living organisms is a field of study that has been attracting researchers' attention in recent years."
amphibians are a group that is highly sensitive to global warming due to the permeability of their skin and their complex lifecycle, which combines an aquatic stage as larvae and a terrestrial stage when young and as adults. "in fact, they are already experiencing sharp declines in population and extinction on a global scale, and they have become the focus of several research and conservation programmes in recent decades," the scientist explains.
a vegetable-based, animal-based or mixed diet
the researchers conducted a laboratory experiment in which they exposed the larvae of these three species to various kinds of heat waves, which varied in duration and intensity, by increasing the temperature of the water where they were growing.
"the larvae were kept in three different sets of conditions: with a solely vegetable-based diet, solely animal-based or a mixed diet. this third situation allowed us to assess whether they modified their diets towards a greater or lower percentage of vegetable matter," orizaola adds.
they also examined the relationship between various carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the tissue of larvae with a mixed diet and compared them with those of exclusively vegetable-based or animal-based 'menus'. this enabled them to reconstruct the type of diet larvae exposed to a combined diet selected.
"our results indicated first that larvae of various species have a diet adapted to the conditions under which they reproduce. the painted frog, which reproduces when it is cold, has a carnivorous diet, while the mediterranean tree frog, which reproduces during the hottest season of the year, maintains a vegetarian diet," the investigator notes.
the most important result is that these larvae have very flexible dietary habits. all three species increased the percentage of vegetables consumed during heat waves. by analysing these larvae's rates of survival, growth and development, reduced effectiveness of the carnivorous diet in favour of a vegetarian diet was discovered in hot conditions.
"this phenomenon could be common to many species living in continental, aquatic environments. if so, the increased frequency and intensity of heat waves forecast by climate change models could bring about considerable changes to these environments," orizaola concludes.
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frəm ðə ˈbætəl fər ˈwɪˌki ˈwɛlkəm tɪ ðə ˈbætəl fər ˈdaʊnˌloʊdz peɪʤ. ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt tim əˈfɪʃəli rɪˈlisɪz ðə sɔrs koʊd ənd bɪldz fər ˈwɪndoʊz,, ənd ˈvɛriəs ˈlɪnəks ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃənz. ɪf ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈbaɪnəˌriz ər nɑt ˈkərəntli əˈveɪləbəl fər jʊr ɑs, pliz ʧɛk bæk ɪn ə fju deɪz tɪ si ɪf ðeɪ hæv bɪn pleɪst hir. ˈpækɪʤərz hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈfɔrmd əv ðə riˈlis, pliz bi ˈpeɪʃənt. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, rɛd ðə faq*. ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl fər ɑs ɛks frəm ənd. ˈkɛriz ˈoʊnli ðə ˈsteɪbəl ˈvərʒən. ˈkɛriz ˈsteɪbəl rɪˈlisɪz, dɪˈvɛləpmənt rɪˈlisɪz, ənd kən ˈɔlsoʊ bɪld ðə "ˈblidɪŋ ɛʤ" ˈmæstər brænʧ frəm ðə riˈpɑzəˌtɔri. ˈsteɪbəl brænʧ) ɪz ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈsteɪbəl brænʧ. ðiz rɪˈlisɪz ər ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd fər moʊst pleɪərz, ɛz ðeɪ prəˈvaɪd ə ənd ˈbælənst geɪm ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪθ ˈoʊnli ɔˈkeɪʒənəl ˈəpˌdeɪts. iʧ ˈvərʒən əv ðɪs brænʧ ɪz kəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər. ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn pleɪər kəmˈjunɪti fər ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ənd ðə ˈsərvər həz ə væst səˈlɛkʃən əv ˈkɑntɛnt. sɔrs koʊd kəmˈpaɪlɪŋ gaɪd haʊ tɪ kəmˈpaɪl ðə sɔrs koʊd ˈwɪndoʊz 7 ənd ˈleɪtər) ənd ˈleɪtər) ðɛr ər ˈbaɪnəˌriz fər ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃənz. nɑt ɔl ər ˈɔlˌweɪz əp tɪ deɪt wɪθ ðə ˈkɑrənt riˈlis. pliz hæv ə lʊk æt ðə ˈlɪnəks ˈbaɪnəˌri peɪʤ fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈbaɪnəˌriz fər jʊr ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən. ˌmɪsəˈleɪniəs ˈlaɪsəns meɪn ˈɑrtɪkəl: ðɪs ˈproʊˌgræm ɪz fri ˈsɔfˌwɛr; ju kən ˌridɪˈstrɪbjut ɪt ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ ɪt ˈəndər ðə tərmz əv ðə nu ˈʤɛnərəl ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪsəns ˈvərʒən 2 ɛz ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ðə fri ˈsɔfˌwɛr faʊnˈdeɪʃən, ər æt jʊr ˈɔpʃən, ˈɛni ˈleɪtər ˈvərʒən. ðɪs ˈproʊˌgræm ɪz dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ɪn ðə hoʊp ðət ɪt wɪl bi ˈjusfəl, bət wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˈwɔrənti; wɪˈθaʊt ˈivɪn ðə ˌɪmˈplaɪd ˈwɔrənti əv ər ˈfɪtnəs fər ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈpərpəs. si ðə nu ˈʤɛnərəl ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪsəns fər mɔr ˈditeɪlz. səm ˈæˌsɛts ˌɪnˈkludɪd wɪθ ðə geɪm ər prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈəndər ðə tərmz əv ðə kriˈeɪtɪv ˈkɑmənz ˈlaɪsəns. ˈɛdɪtər ðɪs ɪz əˈveɪləbəl wɪθ ənd ˈgreɪtər. ˈditeɪlz ənd ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən stɛps kən bi faʊnd æt:
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from the battle for wesnoth wiki
welcome to the battle for wesnoth downloads page. the bfw project team officially releases the source code and builds for windows, macos, and various linux distributions.
if the latest binaries are not currently available for your os, please check back in a few days to see if they have been placed here. packagers have been informed of the release, please be patient. in the meantime, read the faq.
wesnoth is also available for os x from homebrew and macports. macports carries only the stable version. homebrew carries stable releases, development releases, and can also build the "bleeding edge" master branch from the git repository.
stable (1.14 branch)
1.14.x is the current stable branch. these releases are recommended for most players, as they provide a well-tested and balanced game experience with only occasional bug-fix updates. each version of this branch is compatible with each other. the online player community for it is also the largest and the add-ons server has a vast selection of content.
source code
compiling guide - how to compile the source code
windows (7 and later)
macos (10.8 and later)
gnu/linux
there are binaries for many different gnu/linux distributions. not all are always up to date with the current release. please have a look at the linux binary page for more information about the binaries for your distribution.
miscellaneous
license
main article: wesnoth:copyrights
this program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the gnu general public license version 2, as published by the free software foundation, or at your option, any later version.
this program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. see the gnu general public license for more details.
some assets included with the game are provided under the terms of the creative commons attribution-sharealike 4.0 license.
umc editor
this is available with wesnoth 1.9.x and greater. details and installation steps can be found at: http://eclipse.wesnoth.org
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stərɔɪd tɛsts tərn əp 11 ˈvaɪəleɪtərz ɪn ˈtɛksəs haɪ skulz ðæts aʊt əv ˈstudənts ɪn ˈtɛksəs haɪ skulz ˈnɪrli ɔl əv ðə ˈstudənts hu ˈtɛstɪd ˈpɑzətɪv ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈjɪˈrlɔŋ ˈproʊˌgræm wər ˈfʊtˌbɔl pleɪərz ər ˈrɛsələrz ənd ɔl wər meɪl. ðoʊz ˈtɛstɪd wər ˈrændəmli səˈlɛktɪd frəm ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈstudənt ˈæθˌlits. steɪt ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ prəˈpoʊz ˈskeɪlɪŋ daʊn ðə stərɔɪd ˈproʊˌgræm baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˈsæmplɪŋ ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˈtɛstɪŋ ər ˈlɪmət ɪt tɪ ˈsərtən spɔrts, sɛd rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. dæn flɪn, r-van*. meɪd ˈpɛrənts mɔr əˈwɛr əv ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz əv ˈjuzɪŋ ðoʊz ˈstɛrɔɪdz ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkoʊʧɪz naʊ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ɪf ðeɪ ər nɑt duɪŋ ə ˈbɛtər ʤɑb əv pəˈlisɪŋ ðɛr ˈæθˌlits, goʊɪŋ tɪ luz them,”*,” sɛd flɪn, hu hɛlpt ˈɔθər ðə bɪl ˈmænˌdeɪtɪŋ ˈrændəm stərɔɪd drəg ˈtɛstɪŋ. ðə fərst ˈpɑzətɪv tɛst fər ˌænəˈbɑlɪk stərɔɪd juz ˈtrɪgərz ə səˈspɛnʃən frəm ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən. ˈælɪsən ˈkæsəl, ə ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən fər gəv. rɪk ˈpɛri, sɛd ðə ˈgəvərnər bi open”*” tɪ ə skeɪld daʊn stərɔɪd ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm. ˈmɛni ˈtɛksəs æθˈlɛtɪk ˈkoʊʧɪz hæv sɛd ðeɪ bɪˈliv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən wərks ˈbɛtər ðən ən ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈtɛstɪŋ ənd kənˈtɪnju tɪ kˈwɛʃən ðə ˈmɛrət əv ˈtɛstɪŋ fər ˈstɛrɔɪdz bət nɑt fər ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl drəgz. lt*. gəv. ˈdeɪvɪd ˈdɛwərst, ə meɪn ˈbækər əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm əˈpruvd baɪ ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ, wɔnts tɪ kənˈtɪnju ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt bət ɪz rɪˈsɛptɪv tɪ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ɪz tu ˈərli tɪ dɪˈtərmən wət, ɪf ˈɛni, əˈʤəstmənts ʃʊd bi meɪd tɪ ðə ˈproʊˌgræm, bət ɛz wɪθ ˈɛni ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv laɪk ðɪs, aɪ æm ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər weɪz tɪ meɪk improvements,”*,” ˈdɛwərst sɛd. səm haɪ skul ˈkoʊʧɪz bɪˈliv ðə ˈməni kʊd bi ˈbɛtər spɛnt. ə ˈjɪˈrlɔŋ ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm ðət prəˈdusɪz 11 ˈpɑzətɪv rɪˈzəlts ɪz nɑt ˈʃɑkɪŋ, sɛd b.f*. ˈtɛri haɪ skul haɪ ˈfʊtˌbɔl koʊʧ tɪm ɪz ə ˈkəmfərtɪŋ ˈnəmbər tɪ si. ju wʊd laɪk ðət tɪ bi ə ˈziroʊ, bət ðɪs ə ˈpərˌfɪkt wərld ðət wi lɪv in,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈfʊtˌbɔl koʊʧ ˈgɛri guˈtjɛrɛz ˈnɛvər kɛrd fər ðə ˈstɛrɔɪdz ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs, hi sɛd. ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ðə ˈtɛstɪŋ wɑz dən. ju wɔnt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr kɪdz ər duɪŋ ðə raɪt θɪŋ, hi sɛd. θɪŋk ðiz rɪˈzəlts ʃoʊ ðət kɪdz ər kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ duɪŋ ðət raɪt θɪŋ ənd ðət səkˈsɛs ɔn ðə fild ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ bɪˈkəz əv hɑrd wərk mɔr ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ else.”*.” ˈdɪstrɪkts ˌəndɪˈskloʊzd ðə tɛst rɪˈzəlts, ʃoʊɪŋ ə ˈpɑzətɪv stərɔɪd rɪˈzəlt əv ˈoʊnli 03 pərˈsɛnt ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts, nɑt kwaɪt ðə ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk ðət ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl fɪrd ɪt was,”*,” sɛd d.w*. ˈrətlɪʤ, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈtɛksəs haɪ skul ˈkoʊʧɪz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən. ər ə lɔt əv kənˈsərnz wi hæv ðət ðɪs ˈməni kʊd bi juzd ɔn, wən biɪŋ ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd əˈbisəti, əˈnəðər biɪŋ ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl drugs,”*,” ˈrətlɪʤ sɛd. ðə fɔl ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈpɪriəd ˈkəvərd bɔɪz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ 10 spɔrts ənd gərlz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ 12 spɔrts. əˈməŋ ðɛm wər mɔr ðən haɪ skul meɪl ˈfʊtˌbɔl pleɪərz ənd ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈvɑliˌbɔl pleɪərz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə rɪˈpɔrt riˈlist ˈfraɪˌdeɪ baɪ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˌɪntərskəˈlæstɪk lig, wɪʧ ˈsupərˌvaɪzɪz ðə ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm. ɪt wɑz ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd əv ˈtɛstɪŋ. ðə fərst raʊnd bɪˈgæn læst ˈfɛbruˌɛri ənd ˈkəvərd səm ˈstudənts. təˈgɛðər, ðə tu raʊnz hæv prəˈdust ðə 11 ˈpɑzətɪv rɪˈzəlts. tɛn ˈəðər ˈkeɪsɪz nid mɔr ˈfɑloʊˌəp tɛsts. əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ðeɪ kʊd nɑt ˈligəli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ɪn wɪʧ skul ˈdɪstrɪkts ˈstudənts ˈtɛstɪd ˈpɑzətɪv fər stərɔɪd juz. ɪt wɑz ˈsɛvən ər 700 æt list ðoʊz kɪdz kən bi hɛlpt now,”*,” sɛd ˈsɪŋkoʊ rænʧ ˈvɑliˌbɔl koʊʧ ˈtæmi ˈlɔrəns. ““we*, ɛz ˈkoʊʧɪz, nid tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ɑr kɪdz noʊ ðə raɪt weɪ tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈbɛtər ˈæθˌlits ənd ðə ˈhɛlθi weɪ tɪ du that.”*.”
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steroid tests turn up 11 violators in texas high schools that's out of 29,000 students in texas high schools
nearly all of the students who tested positive during the yearlong program were football players or wrestlers and all were male. those tested were randomly selected from an estimated 740,000 student athletes.
state lawmakers are expected to propose scaling down the steroid program by using statistical sampling instead of the widespread testing or limit it to certain sports, said rep. dan flynn, r-van.
“it made parents more aware of the dangers of using those steroids and also coaches now realize that if they are not doing a better job of policing their athletes, going to lose them,” said flynn, who helped author the bill mandating random steroid drug testing.
the first positive test for anabolic steroid use triggers a 30-day suspension from competition.
allison castle, a spokeswoman for gov. rick perry, said the governor “would be open” to a scaled down steroid testing program.
many texas athletic coaches have said they believe education works better than an expensive testing and continue to question the merit of testing for steroids but not for recreational drugs.
lt. gov. david dewhurst, a main backer of the steroid-testing program approved by lawmakers two years ago, wants to continue the project but is receptive to changes.
“it is too early to determine what, if any, adjustments should be made to the program, but as with any important initiative like this, i am always looking for ways to make improvements,” dewhurst said.
some high school coaches believe the money could be better spent.
a yearlong testing program that produces 11 positive results is not shocking, said b.f. terry high school high football coach tim teykl
“it is a comforting number to see. you would like that … to be a zero, but this a perfect world that we live in,” he said.
sharpstown football coach gary gutierrez never cared for the steroids program in the first place, he said.
“i understand why the testing was done. you want to make sure kids are doing the right thing, he said. “i think these results show that kids are committed to doing that right thing and that success on the field is coming because of hard work more than anything else.”
districts undisclosed
the test results, showing a positive steroid result of only .03 percent indicates, “it’s not quite the epidemic that a lot of people feared it was,” said d.w. rutledge, executive director of the texas high school coaches association.
“there are a lot of concerns we have that this money could be used on, one being childhood obesity, another being recreational drugs,” rutledge said.
the fall testing period covered 12,159 boys representing 10 sports and 6,658 girls representing 12 sports. among them were more than 4,500 high school male football players and 1,089 female volleyball players, according to a report released friday by the university interscholastic league, which supervises the testing program.
it was the second round of testing. the first round began last february and covered some 10,000 students. together, the two rounds have produced the 11 positive results. ten other cases need more follow-up tests.
uil officials said they could not legally identify in which school districts students tested positive for steroid use.
“whether it was seven or 700, at least those kids can be helped now,” said cinco ranch volleyball coach tammy laurence. “we, as coaches, need to make sure our kids know the right way to become better athletes and the healthy way to do that.”
gscharrer@express-news.net
jenny.dial@chron.com
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ɛz ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈsiˌiˈoʊ stiv ˈhəfmən bɪˈgɪnz hɪz ˈsɛkənd ˈtɛnjər æt ðə hɛlm əv, ðə ˈspɑˌtlaɪt wɪl ˈlɑrʤli fɔl ɔn ðə rɪˈnud ˈɛfərts tɪ reɪn ɪn ɪts kəmˈjunɪtiz wɪˈθaʊt dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ðə juˈnik ˈərli ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈmɛsɪʤ bɔrd ˈkəlʧər ðət dɪˈfaɪnz ðə saɪt. bət fər ˈhəfmən ənd, ə mɔr ˌɪnˈsɪˌdiəs ˈprɑbləm lumz ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkəmpəniz fˈjuʧər: ˈmoʊbəl. haʊ dɪz, ə saɪt kənˈsɪstəntli lægd bɪˈhaɪnd ˈivɪn ðə moʊst dɪˈlɪŋkwənt ˈmoʊbəl əˈdɑptərz, sərˈvaɪv ɔn ən ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈækˌsɛst ɔn ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz? əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə sɔrs fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈfɪgjərz, ðə ˈtræfɪk ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ɪz ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðət əv ˈəðər ˈmidiə ˌdɛstəˈneɪʃənz, wɪθ ˈmoʊbəl əˈkaʊnɪŋ fər ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn ðə reɪnʤ 50 ər 60 əv ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈtræfɪk. ɪn 2014 ˈɛlən paʊ sɛd ðət ˈrəfli 40 əv ˈtræfɪk wɑz ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz. jɛt ˈɛfərts tɪ ˈkeɪtər tɪ ɪts ˈmoʊbəl ˈɔdiəns hæv soʊ fɑr bɪn leɪt, wik, ər boʊθ. ˌɪnˈtərnəli, həz feɪld tɪ ˈproʊdus ɪts oʊn səkˈsɛsfəl ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈmoʊbəl æp, ə ˈprɑbləm ðət fɔrst ðə ˈkəmpəˌni tɪ əkˈwaɪər ˈeɪliən blu, ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˈioʊs æp, læst ɑkˈtoʊbər. sɪns ðət taɪm, həz ˈlɑrʤli kɛpt ðə æp ənd ɪts kriˈeɪtər, ˈʤeɪsən ˈmɔrɪsi, ɛz ən ɔˈtɑnəməs ˈjunɪt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ɪt. wɪʧ ɪz nɑt tɪ seɪ ðət ˈdæbəld ɪn ðə ˈmoʊbəl sfɪr: ɪn 2011 ɪt bɪlt ə ˈbəgi ˈmoʊbəl æp bət kˈwɪkli dɪˈskɑrdɪd ɪt ˈæftər ˈjuzərz kəmˈpleɪnd. læst sɛpˈtɛmbər, roʊld aʊt əˈnəðər æp fər ɪts ˈpɑpjələr æsk mi ˈɛniˌθɪŋ kəmˈjunɪtiz wɪʧ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ æp ˈæni, həz ruˈtinli ˈfɑlən ˈsəmˌwɛr bɪtˈwin 350 ənd ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs. nuz æp stɔr ˈræŋkɪŋz ɪn 2015 bət ɛz əv ˈɔgəst 2015 ə saɪt ræŋkt baɪ əˈlɛksə ɛz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ɪn ðə wərld jɛt hæv ən əˈfɪʃəl, ˈvərʒən əv ɪts ˈwɛbˌsaɪt (ðə saɪt həz hæd ˈkɑmpækt ənd foʊn ˈvərʒənz), ənd rəvˈjuz əv ðə ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈbeɪtə ˈvərʒən əv ðət saɪt wɪʧ ɪt roʊld aʊt bæk ɪn ˈeɪprəl ər mɪkst suck”*”). ˈoʊvərˌɔl groʊθ ɪz əˈstaʊndɪŋ. ɪn 2008 ðə blæk ˈmɪrərz əv ɑr foʊnz əˈkaʊntɪd fər ˈrəfli 12 əv ˈtoʊtəl ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈjusɪʤ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈmɛri ˈænjuəl ˈɪntərˌnɛt trɛnz rɪˈpɔrt. ɪn 2015 ðət ˈfɪgjər həz klaɪmd tɪ 51 ə 2014 rɪˈpɔrt frəm səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈbraʊzɪŋ ənd ðə ˈmoʊbəl wɛb əˈkaʊnt fər 60 əv ˈtoʊtəl taɪm spɛnt ˈɔnˌlaɪn. ðət ʧeɪnʤ ɪz rɪˈflɛktɪd ɪn ˈpərsɪnəl kəmˈpjutər seɪlz, wɪʧ drɑpt əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈrisərʧər idc*, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈklud ˈtæbləts ɪn ɪts ˈpiˈsi seɪlz ˈfɪgjərz. ðə raɪz həz bɪn soʊ stip ənd soʊ fæst ðət ˈmidiə ˈkəmpəˌniz hæv bɛnt ˈoʊvər ˈbækwərdz traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt haʊ tɪ mit ˈridərz ɔn ðɛr prɪˈfərd ˈplætˌfɔrm; ðɪs ˈsəmər, ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz blɑkt ɪmˈplɔɪi ˈækˌsɛs ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, ˈfɔrsɪŋ ɪmˈplɔɪiz tɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd praɪˈɔrəˌtaɪz ðə ˈmoʊbəl ɪkˈspɪriəns, wɛr mɔr ðən hæf əv ðɛr ˈridərz ˈækˌsɛs taɪmz ˈkɑntɛnt. hir æt, wi hæv ˈprivˌjuz ɪn dræft ˈvərʒənz əv ˈɛvəri kwɪz, lɪst, poʊst, ˈɑrtɪkəl, ənd ˈfiʧər ˈstɔri. kəmˈpɛtɪtərz ənd lɔnʧt ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈmoʊbəl æps ɪn 2010 ənd 2012 rɪˈspɛktɪvli. ˈlidərˌʃɪp əˈpɪrz əˈkjutli əˈwɛr əv ðə ˈmoʊbəl ˈfeɪlɪŋz. læst dɪˈsɛmbər, ˌbiˈfɔr riˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɛz ˈsiˌiˈoʊ, ˈhəfmən ɛkˈskɔriˌeɪtɪd hɪz ˈfɔrmər ˈkəmpəˌni fər ɪts maɪˈɑpɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈstrætəʤi. ˈmoʊbəl səks ənd ðə ˈprɑdəkt ˈhæzənt ʧeɪnʤd sɪns aɪ lɛft ɪn ˈɛni sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt weɪ. soʊ ɪt ˈhæzənt ˈeɪʤɪd ˈvɛri wɛl. aɪ θɪŋk ðə ˈprɑdəkt ðə ˈmoʊbəl ˈstrætəʤi kʊd bi ə lɔt ˈbɛtər," hi toʊld ðə eɪʤ. bæk ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2014 paʊ ˈhɪnɪd æt ˈmoʊbəl ˈstrætəʤi, ˈnoʊtɪŋ, ɪkˈsaɪtɪd ənd ˈhæpi tɪ groʊ bət ˈnɛvər bɪn ˈsupər ˌproʊˈæktɪv əˈbaʊt ɪt, ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn dən organically.”*.” ðɪs ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ˈæftər ˌrɛzɪgˈneɪʃən, bɔrd ˈmɛmbər sæm ˈɔltmən ɪkˈsplɪsətli rɪˈmɑrkt ɔn læk əv ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn ðə speɪs, ˈtɛlɪŋ nuz ðət ɪz ˈkrɪtɪkəl. ðə wərld həz gɔn ˈmoʊbəl ənd həz nɑt yet.”*.” hi ˈɔlsoʊ wɛnt ɔn tɪ hɪnt ðət ɪt wʊd bi ə pɔɪnt əv ˈfoʊkɪs ˈmuvɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd. ɪz wɛr ɑr ˈjuzərz wɔnt tɪ be,”*,” sɛd ˈɔltmən. wɪl bi ə bɪg praɪˈɔrəti fər stiv." ˈkərəntli ðɛr ər ˈməltəpəl ˈmoʊbəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ pəˈzɪʃənz əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ʤɑb bɔrdz. tɪ kɔl ˈmoʊbəl ə praɪˈɔrəti meɪ ˈivɪn bi ən ˈəndərˌsteɪtmənt; ˌæksɛsəˈbɪlɪti ˈprɑbləmz ɔn kʊd ˈniˌkæp ðə groʊθ əˈməŋ ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˈpipəl hu ɪkˈspɪriəns ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈlɑrʤli θru ðɛr foʊnz nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə ˈlɑrʤər əv ðə gloʊb wɛr ˈmoʊbəl ækts ɛz ðə fərst ənd ˈoʊnli skrin. fər ə ˈraɪzɪŋ ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əˈkəstəmd tɪ quick-loading*, sˈlɪkli pərˈzɛnəd, rɪˈspɑnsɪv ˈkɑntɛnt, slow-loading*, ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈzaɪn ɪz ˈlaɪkli ə ˈhərdəl, ənd wən ðət θˈrɛtənz ˈtaɪtəl ɛz frənt peɪʤ əv ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. waɪl maɪt stɪl bi ə saɪt baɪ ˈliʤənz əv foʊks hu gru əp ɔn ˈpiˈsiz, ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli ˈɪzənt ðət fər foʊks ˈkəmɪŋ əv eɪʤ ɔn ənd ˈtæbləts. ɪn fækt, nɑt hɑrd tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ sɪˈnɛrioʊ: ə ˈjəŋgər ˈpərsən ɛz əv jɛt wɪθ ɪz ˈflɪpɪŋ θru ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ɔn hər foʊn wɪn ə lɪŋk ˈkæʧɪz hər aɪ. ʃi klɪks, vjuz ðə poʊst, wɪʧ loʊdz ˈkləmsəli ənd sˈloʊli. ˈæftər ə ˈmoʊmənt, ʃi ˌdɪˈsaɪdz tɪ ˈfɑloʊ əˈnəðər lɪŋk, ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən θrɛd, wɪʧ ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ɪn ɪts ˈprɛzənt fɔrm. ˈlaɪtli kənfˈjuzd bət ˈmoʊstli ʤɪst pʊt ɔf, ʃi ˈɛksəts aʊt tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈfeɪsˌbʊk wɪˈθaʊt biɪŋ ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ ˈməni ˈfiʧər: ðə frənt peɪʤ. ə bloʊn ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ˈkɑnvərt ə nu redditor*. ʤɪst ə ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl, bət rɪt lɑrʤ, ðɪs pəˈtɛnʃəl bɪˈheɪvjər kʊd hæv ə ˈrəðər ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ˈifɛkt ɔn fˈjuʧər ˌdɛməˈgræfɪk ˈmeɪˌkəp ɛz wɛl ɛz ɪts ˈkɑntɛnt, fɔrˈgoʊɪŋ nu ənd ˈjəŋgər ˈjuzərz waɪl ˈkeɪtərɪŋ tɪ ən ˈoʊldər ˈɔdiəns. ənd ɛz ðə ˈɔdiəns skjuz ˈoʊldər, ðə ˈsaɪkəl pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪts ˌɪtˈsɛlf. weɪ moʊst ˈpipəl kriˈeɪt ˈkɑntɛnt fər ɪz ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt ɔn ˈdɛskˌtɑp ðən ɪt ɪz ɔn mobile,”*,” ə ˈprɑdəkt ˈmænɪʤər ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr hu həz wərkt ˈkloʊsli wɪθ toʊld nuz. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ θɪŋz ɔn tɛnd tɪ bi ˈlɔŋgər, tɛkst ˈænsərz, wɪʧ ər ʤɪst ˈhɑrdər tɪ du ɔn ˈmoʊbəl," ðə ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr sɛd. "ənd ɪf moʊst ˈpipəl kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈkɑntɛnt ər duɪŋ ɪt ɔn ˈdɛskˌtɑp, ðɛn ˈjəŋgər foʊks ɔn ˈmoʊbəl wɪl faɪnd ðɪs ˈkɑntɛnt ˌɪnəkˈsɛsəbəl. pləs kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ə ˈdɪfərənt ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən soʊ ɪt ˈrɪli əˈpil tɪ ðɛm. ɪt filz steɪl." ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, nɑt ˈsɪmpli ðət ðə ˈkɑntɛnt ɪz hɑrd tɪ rɛd ɔn ˈmoʊbəl, ðət tu dɪˈstɪŋkt grups ər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ: ðə ˈkɑntɛnt kriˈeɪtərz ɔn ˈdɛskˌtɑp ənd ðə ˈridərz ɔn ˈmoʊbəl. wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈvaɪəbəl ˈmoʊbəl ˈstrætəʤi, ðə gæp bɪtˈwin ðə tu kʊd ˈwaɪdən ˈoʊvər taɪm, ˈwikənɪŋ faʊnˈdeɪʃənz. ənd ɪt livz ˈvəlnərəbəl tɪ ˈɪmɪˌteɪtərz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ən æp ðət kəld ðə bɛst, moʊst poʊsts frəm frənt peɪʤ kʊd ˈizəli ˈkænəbəˌlaɪz ə greɪt dil əv ˈmoʊbəl ˈtræfɪk, ˈstilɪŋ əˈweɪ ˈjəŋgər ˈbraʊzərz hu kəm tɪ wɪn bɔrd, ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə kwɪk dɪˈvərʒən. ðə ˈprɑspɛkt ənˈhərd əv: imgur*, ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈhoʊstɪŋ saɪt kriˈeɪtɪd fər bɪˈkəz ˈnɛvər bɪlt ðə ˈfiʧər ˌɪtˈsɛlf, həz sɪns sərˈpæst ɪn ˈmənθli juˈnik ˈvɪzɪtərz ən ˈɪnfəməs mɪst ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ðə saɪt. tɪ səm dɪˈgri, oʊz ə lɔt əv ɪts səkˈsɛs tɪ ðət ˈoʊldər, naʊ ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. ðə saɪt ɪz noʊˈtɔriəs fər ˈkipɪŋ ɪts ˈmɪnəməlɪst ˈmɛsɪʤ bɔrd staɪl, ənd ɪts ˈjuzər beɪs həz bɪn əˈməŋ ðə moʊst rɪˈzɪstənt kəmˈjunɪtiz ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz ənd dɪˈzaɪn. ɪn ˈmɛni weɪz, rɪˈmeɪnz ə ʃraɪn tɪ ðə ˈvæljuz əv ðə ˈərli ˈɪntərˌnɛt wɪθ ɪts juˈtoʊpiən aɪˌdiəˈlɪstɪk ˈvɪʒən əv ˈɔnˌlaɪn kəmˈjunɪtiz ɛz boʊθ ənd ˈsɛpərˌeɪt frəm ˈriˌllaɪf. ənd soʊ ɪt stændz tɪ ˈrizən ðət ɪts moʊst dɪˈvoʊtɪd ˈjuzərz ˈlɑrʤli prɪˈfər tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ðə saɪt frəm ˈdɛskˌtɑp. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ minz ðət ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənəl ˈstrəkʧər, seɪv fər ɪts frənt peɪʤ, ɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli aʊt əv sɪŋk wɪθ ðə weɪ ˈɪntərˌnɛt dˈwɛlərz əˈspɛʃəli ˈjəŋgər wənz ər ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ˈkɑntɛnt. teɪk sˈnæˌpʧæt, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ən æp ðət ɪgˈzɪsts ˈsoʊəli wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈmoʊbəl ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm. wɪθ ðɪs ɪn maɪnd, ˈfeɪljər tɪ əˈdæpt tɪ ðə ˈmoʊbəl wɛb ˈɪzənt ɔl ðət səˈpraɪzɪŋ. ɪz wən əv ðə læst ˈmeɪʤər saɪts stɪl ˈsɛntərd əraʊnd ðə ˈərli lɪŋk ˈkəlʧər məʧ əv ˈkɑntɛnt ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˈlɪŋkɪŋ tɪ ɪkˈstərnəl saɪts wɪʧ, ənˈlaɪk ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈɪnsələr "wi wɔnt tɪ bi ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt" ˈɛndləs nuz fid skroʊl, trænzˈleɪt ˈvɛri wɛl tɪ. bət ðət nɔˈstælʤə, ˈdrɪvən baɪ ðə seɪm ˈɔdiəns ðət ɪˈspaʊzɪz pɪˈkjuljər ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃənz əv fri spiʧ ðə seɪm ˈɔdiəns ðət bɪˈlivz kəmˈjunɪtiz laɪk ʃʊd bi əˈlaʊd ɔn ðə saɪt, rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðɛr ˈpruvən prəˈpɛnsɪti fər hərˈæsmənt kʊd ˈvɛri wɛl ˈtrænsfɔrm ðə saɪt frəm ə læst ˈvɛstɪʤ əv ðə oʊld wɛb ˈɪntu ən ˈaʊtˌdeɪtɪd ˈrɛlɪk. ə ðət kənˈtɪnjuəli skjuz ˈoʊldər, lɛs ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv, ənd pəˈtɛnʃəli mɔr ənˈruli ʤɪst ˌənəˈtræktɪv tɪ ˈædvərˌtaɪzərz, ən ənˈtɛnəbəl groʊθ ˈstrætəʤi. dɪd nɑt rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ə rɪkˈwɛst fər ˈkɑmɛnt.
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as incoming ceo steve huffman begins his second tenure at the helm of reddit, the spotlight will largely fall on the company’s renewed efforts to rein in its seediest communities without destroying the unique early internet message board culture that defines the site. but for huffman and reddit, a more insidious problem looms over the company's future: mobile. how does reddit, a site that’s consistently lagged behind even the most delinquent mobile adopters, survive on an internet that’s increasingly accessed on mobile devices?
according to a source familiar with reddit’s internal figures, the site’s traffic distribution is similar to that of other media destinations, with mobile accounting for somewhere in the range 50 or 60% of the site’s total traffic. in 2014, then-ceo ellen pao said that roughly 40% of traffic was coming from mobile devices. yet reddit's efforts to cater to its mobile audience have so far been late, weak, or both. internally, reddit has failed to produce its own successful comprehensive mobile app, a problem that forced the company to acquire alien blue, the site’s most popular third-party ios app, last october. since that time, reddit has largely kept the app and its creator, jason morrissey, as an autonomous unit inside it.
which is not to say that reddit hasn’t dabbled in the mobile sphere: in 2011, it built a buggy mobile app but quickly discarded it after users complained. last september, reddit rolled out another app for its popular ask me anything communities which, according to app annie, has routinely fallen somewhere between 350 and 1,250 in the us. news app store rankings in 2015. but as of august 2015, reddit — a site ranked by alexa as the 10th largest in the united states and the 31st largest in the world — doesn’t yet have an official, mobile-optimized version of its website (the site has had compact and scaled-down phone versions), and reviews of the android beta version of that site which it rolled out back in april are mixed (“it doesn’t suck”).
mobile’s overall growth is astounding. in 2008, the black mirrors of our phones accounted for roughly 12% of total internet usage, according to mary meeker’s annual internet trends report. in 2015, that figure has climbed to 51%. a 2014 report from comscore suggests that in-app browsing and the mobile web account for 60% of total time spent online. that change is reflected in personal computer sales, which dropped 11.8%, according to the researcher idc, which doesn’t include tablets in its pc sales figures.
the rise has been so steep and so fast that media companies have bent over backwards trying to figure out how to meet readers on their preferred platform; this summer, the new york times blocked employee access inside the building to the paper’s website, forcing employees to experience and prioritize the mobile experience, where more than half of their readers access times content. here at buzzfeed, we have mobile-first previews in draft versions of every quiz, list, post, article, and feature story. reddit competitors digg and fark launched comprehensive mobile apps in 2010 and 2012, respectively.
reddit’s leadership appears acutely aware of the company’s mobile failings. last december, before rejoining the company as ceo, huffman excoriated his former company for its myopic desktop-centric development strategy. “their mobile sucks and the product hasn't changed since i left in any significant way. so it hasn't aged very well. i think the product ... the mobile strategy could be a lot better," he told the age. back in september 2014, pao hinted at reddit's laissez-faire mobile strategy, noting, “we’re excited and happy to grow but we’ve never been super proactive about it, it’s always been done organically.”
this july, after pao’s resignation, reddit board member sam altman explicitly remarked on reddit’s lack of progress in the space, telling buzzfeed news that “mobile is critical. the world has gone mobile and reddit has not yet.” he also went on to hint that it would be a point of focus moving forward. “mobile is where our users want to be,” said altman. “it will be a big priority for steve." currently there are multiple mobile engineering positions available on reddit's job boards.
to call mobile a priority may even be an understatement; reddit’s accessibility problems on smartphones could kneecap the site’s growth among an entire generation of people who experience the internet largely through their phones — not to mention the larger swaths of the globe where mobile acts as the first and only screen.
for a rising generation accustomed to quick-loading, slickly presented, responsive content, reddit's slow-loading, old-web-feeling mobile design is likely a hurdle, and one that threatens reddit's self-proclaimed title as front page of the internet. while reddit might still be a site bookmarked by legions of folks who grew up on pcs, it is likely isn't that for folks coming of age on smartphones and tablets.
in fact, it’s not hard to imagine the following scenario: a younger person as of yet unacquainted with reddit is flipping through facebook on her phone when a reddit link catches her eye. she clicks, views the post, which loads clumsily and slowly. after a moment, she decides to follow another link, a conversation thread, which is difficult to follow in its present form. lightly confused but mostly just put off, she exits out to return to facebook without being exposed to reddit’s money feature: the front page. a blown opportunity to convert a new redditor.
it’s just a hypothetical, but writ large, this potential behavior could have a rather devastating effect on reddit’s future demographic makeup as well as its content, forgoing new and younger users while catering to an older audience. and as the audience skews older, the cycle perpetuates itself. “the way most people create content for reddit is very different on desktop than it is on mobile,” a product manager and engineer who has worked closely with reddit told buzzfeed news.
“the interesting things on reddit tend to be longer, paragraph-based text answers, which are just harder to do on mobile," the engineer said. "and if most people creating the content are doing it on desktop, then younger folks on mobile will find this content inaccessible. plus it’s created by a different generation so it doesn’t really appeal to them. it feels stale."
in other words, it’s not simply that the content is hard to read on mobile, it’s that two distinct groups are developing: the content creators on desktop and the readers on mobile. without a viable mobile strategy, the gap between the two could widen over time, weakening reddit's foundations.
and it leaves reddit vulnerable to imitators. for example, an image-heavy app that culled the best, most mobile-friendly posts from reddit’s front page could easily cannibalize a great deal of reddit’s mobile traffic, stealing away younger browsers who come to reddit when they’re bored, looking for a quick diversion. the prospect isn’t unheard of: imgur, the photo hosting site created for redditors because reddit never built the feature itself, has since surpassed reddit in monthly unique visitors — an infamous missed opportunity for the site.
to some degree, reddit owes a lot of its success to that older, now stale-feeling version of the internet. the site is notorious for keeping its minimalist message board style, and its user base has been among the most resistant communities on the internet when it comes to evolving editorial guidelines and design. in many ways, reddit remains a shrine to the values of the early internet with its utopian idealistic vision of online communities as both nonthreatening and separate from real-life. and so it stands to reason that its most devoted users largely prefer to access the site from desktop. it also means that reddit’s organizational structure, save for its front page, is increasingly out of sync with the way internet dwellers — especially younger ones — are searching for content. take snapchat, for example, an app that exists solely within the mobile ecosystem.
with this in mind, reddit’s failure to adapt to the mobile web isn't all that surprising. reddit is one of the last major sites still centered around the early internet’s link culture — much of reddit’s content involves linking to external sites — which, unlike facebook’s increasingly insular "we want to be the internet" endless news feed scroll, doesn’t translate very well to smartphones. but that nostalgia, driven by the same audience that espouses reddit’s peculiar definitions of free speech — the same audience that believes communities like r/coontown should be allowed on the site, regardless of their proven propensity for harassment — could very well transform the site from a last vestige of the old web into an outdated relic. a reddit that continually skews older, less innovative, and potentially more unruly isn’t just unattractive to advertisers, it’s an untenable growth strategy.
reddit did not respond to a request for comment.
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geɪm ˈreɪnʤər kɔrs 'ˈʤɛnərəl' ɪz ɔn traɪəl fər ˈmərdər, ʧaɪld əˈbjuz, nɪˈglɛkt ənd əˈlɛʤədli fɔrst tin tɪ it hɪz oʊn θri ənd effeminate’*’ tinz hæv daɪd ˈæftər biɪŋ stɑrvd, ˈtɔrʧərd ənd kɪld æt ə kæmp ðət ˈprɑməst tɪ tərn ðɛm ˈɪntu ‘‘men’*’. ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ˈreɪmənd baɪz, 15 ˈteɪkən ɪn ˈeɪprəl 2011 ʃoʊd ə ˈskɛlətəl, ɪˈmeɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ˈfɪgjər ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər hɪz laɪf. ʤɪst 10 wiks ˌbiˈfɔr, ðə ˈpɛrənts saɪnd ɪm əp tɪ ðə ˈɛkoʊ waɪld geɪm ˈreɪnʤərz ˈtreɪnɪŋ kɔrs ɪn saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ ɪn ˈpərˌfɪkt hɛlθ. ɪn ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, baɪz wɑz səˈvɪrli mælˈnərɪʃt, dɪˈhaɪdreɪtəd, hɪz ɑrm wɑz ˈbroʊkən ɪn tu ˈpleɪsɪz ənd ðɛr wər bərnz ənd wundz ɔl ˈoʊvər hɪz ˈbɑdi. hi leɪ ɪn ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪv kɛr fər fɔr wiks ənˈtɪl hi daɪd. ənd naʊ, ðə kɔrs ‘‘general’*’ ˈæləks də ˈkoʊkər, 49 ənd ɪmˈplɔɪi ˈmaɪkəl ɪˈræzməs, 20 ər ɔn traɪəl fər ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv ˈmərdər, ʧaɪld əˈbjuz ənd nɪˈglɛkt, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ tu ˈkeɪsɪz əv əˈsɔlt wɪθ ˌɪnˈtɛnt tɪ du ˈgrivəs ˈbɑdəli hɑrm ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ buys’*’ dɛθ. ðə dɛθ ɪz əˈlɛʤd tɪ hæv bɪn ðə θərd əˈməŋ ðə ˌæfrəˈkɑnz ˈʧɪldrən hu əˈtɛndəd ðə ˈkɔrsɪz, wɪʧ hæv bɪn sɪns 2006 sɛnt maɪ sən ɔn ðɪs kɔrs tɪ meɪk ɪm ə ˈbɛtər mæn, tɪ gɪv ɪm ə ˈbɛtər future,’*,’ buys’*’ ˈməðər toʊld ðə ˈdeɪli ˈtɛləˌgræf. ˈtrəstɪd ˈæləks də ˈkoʊkər wɪθ hɪz life.’*.’ læst wik, ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt hərd ðə ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni əv ə bɔɪ hu hæd ʃɛrd ə tɛnt wɪθ baɪz, ðə ˈdeɪli ˈmævərɪk rɪˈpɔrts. ˈgərˌhɑrd, 19 kleɪmz baɪz wɑz ʧeɪnd tɪ hɪz bɛd ˈɛvəri naɪt, wɑz rɪfˈjuzd pərˈmɪʃən tɪ ˈvɪzɪt ðə ˈtɔɪlət ənd ɔn wən əˈkeɪʒən wɑz fɔrst tɪ it hɪz oʊn. hi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd hi wʊd bi ˈbitən wɪθ plæŋks, ənd stɪks wɪn hi feɪld tɪ ˈkɛri aʊt ˈmænjuəl ˈleɪbər tæsks. əˈlɛʤd ˈfərðər hi sɔ də ˈkoʊkər taɪd baɪz tɪ ə ʧɛr ˈneɪkəd wɪθ hɪz hɛd ˈkəvərd ɪn ə pillowcase*, ənd wʊd ˌɪˈlɛktrəˌkjut ɪm wɪθ ə stən gən. ˈʤɛndər ˈæktɪvɪst ˈmɛləni ˈneɪθən həz sɛd ðə θri jəŋ mɛn wər ɔl pərˈsivd ɛz ənd ˈklɪrli effeminate’*’. ɪn ˈrɛfərəns tɪ kənˈvərʒən camps’*’, ˈneɪθən raɪts: ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv ˈdɪgɪŋ [ˈɪntu ðə ˈstɔri], ðə geɪ ˈəndərˌtoʊnz stɑrt tɪ emerge.’*.’ ˈɛrɪk, 18 ənd væn dər wɔlt, 19 hæd boʊθ daɪd ˈæftər biɪŋ ɛnˈroʊld æt ðə ˈɛkoʊ waɪld geɪm ˈreɪnʤərz kæmp fɔr jɪrz ˈərliər. wɪn rɪkˈwɛstɪd tɪ liv, də ˈkoʊkər rɪˈpɔrtədli toʊld ɪm hi ə [geɪ] ənd hi wʊd meɪk ə mæn aʊt əv him’*’. ˈfæməli wɑz ˌɪnˈfɔrmd əv hɪz dɛθ ˈviə tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤ, seɪɪŋ hi hæd daɪd əv ə hɑrt əˈtæk. ˈæftərwərdz, ˈdɑktərz sɛd ðə kɔz əv dɛθ wɑz frəm ə ˈsiʒər, ˌdihaɪˈdreɪʃən ənd faʊnd ˈblidɪŋ frəm ðə breɪn. væn dər wɔlt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ kleɪmd tɪ hæv daɪd frəm ə hɑrt əˈtæk, bət ˈdɑktərz sɛd hi hæd əˈpɪrd tɪ hæv bɪn ʧoʊkt wɪθ ə ˈsitˌbɛlt. ɪn 2009 də ˈkoʊkər wɑz ˈhændɪd ə səˈspɛndɪd ˈsɛntəns ˈoʊvər bət ɪˈskeɪpt ˈʧɑrʤɪz fər ðə dɛθ əv væn dər wɔlt, ənd ðə kæmp wɑz əˈlaʊd tɪ kənˈtɪnju. boʊθ də ˈkoʊkər ənd ɪˈræzməs hæv ˈplidɪd nɑt ˈgɪlti tɪ ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz. ðə keɪs kənˈtɪnjuz.
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game ranger course 'general' is on trial for murder, child abuse, neglect and allegedly forced teen to eat his own faeces
three ‘gay andeminate’ teens have died after being starved, tortured and killed at a camp that promised to turn them into ‘men’.
a picture of raymond buys, 15, taken in april 2011 showed a skeletal, emaciated figure fighting for his life.
just 10 weeks before, the teen’s parents signed him up to the echo wild game rangers training course in south africa in perfect health.
in hospital, buys was severely malnourished, dehydrated, his arm was broken in two places and there were burns and wounds all over his body. he lay in intensive care for four weeks until he died.
and now, the course ‘general’ alex de koker, 49, and employee michael erasmus, 20, are on trial for charges of murder, child abuse and neglect, along with two cases of assault with intent to do grievous bodily harm in relation to buys’ death.
the teen’s death is alleged to have been the third among the afrikaans children who attended the r22,000 ($2,400, €1,900) courses, which have been advertized since 2006.
‘i sent my son on this course to make him a better man, to give him a better future,’ buys’ mother told the daily telegraph. ‘i trusted alex de koker with his life.’
last week, the vereeniging district court heard the testimony of a boy who had shared a tent with buys, the daily maverick reports.
gerhard oostuizen, 19, claims buys was chained to his bed every night, was refused permission to visit the toilet and on one occasion was forced to eat his own faeces.
he also said he would be beaten with planks, hosepipes and sticks when he failed to carry out manual labor tasks.
oostuizen alleged further he saw de koker tied buys to a chair naked with his head covered in a pillowcase, and would electrocute him with a stun gun.
gender activist melanie nathan has said the three young men were all perceived as ‘gay and clearlyeminate’.
in reference to ‘gay conversion camps’, nathan writes: ‘with a little bit of digging [into the story], the gay reparative undertones start to emerge.’
eric calitz, 18, and nicolaas van der walt, 19, had both died after being enrolled at the echo wild game rangers camp four years earlier.
when calitz requested to leave, de koker reportedly told him he ‘wasn’t a moffie [gay] and he would make a man out of him’.
calitz’s family was informed of his death via text message, saying he had died of a heart attack.
afterwards, doctors said the cause of death was from a seizure, dehydration and found bleeding from the brain.
van der walt was also claimed to have died from a heart attack, but doctors said he had appeared to have been choked with a seatbelt.
in 2009, de koker was handed a suspended sentence over calitz but escaped charges for the death of van der walt, and the camp was allowed to continue.
both de koker and erasmus have pleaded not guilty to the charges. the case continues.
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ˈivɪn wɪθ ɪts 'ˈpəblɪk ˈfeɪsɪŋ' ˈtəmblər blɔg, ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəmˈjunɪti ɪz stɪl əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ðə sərˈveɪləns dɪˈskəʃən frəm ðə wiv dɪˈskəst ðɪs ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ˌbiˈfɔr, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz ɛz ə ˈprɛfəs tɪ ˈɛni ˈdɑkjəmɛnt riˈlis baɪ ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈnæʃənəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns. ˈdɑkjəmənts ər naʊ biɪŋ dɪˈklæsəˌfaɪd ənd ˈhændɪd ˈoʊvər tɪ ˈpəblɪk. ʤeɪmz ˈklæpər, ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈnæʃənəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, dɪˈlɪvərz iʧ ˈdɑkjəmɛnt dəmp wɪθ ə kænd ˈsteɪtmənt ðət ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz ˌɪnˈkludz ðɪs ˈsɛntəns: ðiz ˈɔrdərz ər əˈveɪləbəl æt ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt əv ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈnæʃənəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (http://www.dni.gov*), ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ˈfɑstərɪŋ ˈgreɪtər ˈpəblɪk ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti ˈɪntu ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ækˈtɪvɪtiz əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt (icontherecord.tumblr.com*). ˈæmi wɑz ˈdəbli rɪˈwɔrdɪd wɪn ʃi wən hər trænˈspɛrənsi ˈlɔˌsut əˈgɛnst ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt. nɑt ˈoʊnli dɪd, ˈfɔrmərli ə ˈlɔjər fər ðə ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈpraɪvəsi ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛnər, rɪˈsiv səm əv ðə sərˈveɪləns ˈdɑkjəmənts ʃi sud tɪ əbˈteɪn, bət ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈnæʃənəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈkrɛdɪtɪd hər ˈɛfərt ɔn ɪts ˈtəmblər. ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ðə əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl θru ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs, dɪˈklæsəˌfaɪd ənd riˈlist 24 ˈdɑkjəmənts ðət wər rɪˈspɑnsɪv tɪ ə ˈpɔrʃən əv ə ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ækt rɪkˈwɛst baɪ ðə ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈpraɪvəsi ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛnər. ðiz ˈdɑkjəmənts, ˈtaɪtəld əˈtərni rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ðə juz əv pɛn ˈrɛʤɪstərz ənd træp ənd treɪs dɪˈvaɪsɪz ˈəndər ðə ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns sərˈveɪləns act,”*,” ər rɪˈpɔrts tɪ ðə kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ənd ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪtiz ðət aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ haʊ ˈmɛni ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ðə juz. ˈgəvərnmənt faɪld wɪθ ðə ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns sərˈveɪləns kɔrt (fɪsk) ˈsikɪŋ ˌɔθərəˈzeɪʃən tɪ juz pɛn ˈrɛʤɪstərz træp ənd treɪs dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ənd haʊ ˈmɛni ðə fɪsk ˈɔθərˌaɪzd, ˈdʊrɪŋ spɪˈsɪfɪk taɪm ˈpɪriədz. ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts ˈkəvər ðə taɪm ˈpɪriəd frəm 2001 θru 2012 fɑr ɛz kənˈsərnd, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt kən ɪkˈspleɪn ðə dɪˈskloʊʒərz ˌhaʊˈɛvər laɪk tɪ. ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fækt ɪz ðət moʊst əv ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ʃʊd ˈnɛvər hæv bɪn ˈsikrɪt ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. kənˈtɪnju tɪ prɛs ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ dɪˈskloʊz more,”*,” sɛd əˈtərni ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈæbdoʊ. ˈnəmbər wən praɪˈɔrəti ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz prəˈvaɪdɪd tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk, ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɔnts tɪ gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ˈkrɛdɪt fər it,”*,” sɛd ˈlɔjər mɑrk rumold*. bət ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈɪzənt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ɛz ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ðɪs kɔz ɛz ˌɪntrəˈdəktəri ˈsteɪtmənt meɪks ɪt əˈpɪr. ɛz wiv ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ˌbiˈfɔr, ˈnɪrli ˈɛvəri ˈdɑkjəmɛnt riˈlist həz bɪn ðə rɪˈzəlt əv kɔrt ˈɔrdərz ɪn ˈɛˈfoʊˈaɪˈeɪ ˈlɔˌsuts pərˈsud baɪ ðə, ənd ˈɛpɪk. ˈəðərz hæv bɪn kəmˈpɛld baɪ ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdərz (ˌoʊˈbɑməz sərˈveɪləns rɪˈfɔrmz) ər ər ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ðən əˈfɪʃəl ˈsteɪtmənts ənd prɛs rɪˈlisɪz ðɛrz noʊ trænˈspɛrənsi hir, noʊ ˌɪnˈtrɪnsɪk ˈɛfərt tɪ "ˈfɑstər ˈgreɪtər ˈpəblɪk ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti." ðə ˈeɪʤənsi həz bɪn fɔrst aʊt əv ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊz ənd ɪts ˈɔkwərd ɪmˈbreɪs əv ˈoʊpənəs ɪz ˈnoʊˌwɛr mɔr əˈpɛrənt ðən æt ɪts ˈtəmblər fækt ðət ə ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈeɪʤənsi ɪz ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ə ˈpəblɪk blɔg ðæts mɔr ðən ʤɪst prɛs rɪˈlisɪz ənd hɛlp ˈwɔntɪd ædz ɪz ˈvɛri ənˈjuˌʒuəl. bət ˌəndərˈniθ ðə tɔk əv kəˈnɛktɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈpəblɪk, ðɛrz ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl goʊɪŋ ɔn hir ðət ˈɪzənt ər fʊlˈfɪlmənt əv ˈligəl ˈgɑrdiən noʊts, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ə ˈrisənt poʊst ˈfaɪnəli dɪd wət noʊ ˈəðər poʊst tɪ deɪt hæd dən: ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðət ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts ɪn kˈwɛʃən wər fɔrst aʊt əv ðə hænz hɪrz ðə əˈfɪʃəl riˈlis ˈsteɪtmənt wɪl ðɪs sɔrt əv ækˈnɑlɪʤmənt əˈkəmpəni fˈjuʧər rɪˈlisɪz? ɪts hɑrd tɪ seɪ. waɪl ðə ʃɔrt ˈɪntroʊ pɔɪnts aʊt ðət ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts' riˈlis wɑz kəmˈpɛld, ðɛrz ˈnəθɪŋ ðət ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðɪs ˈsədən bərst əv ˈɑnəsti wɑz. dɪd ˈsəmˌwən ˈfaɪnəli ɪkˈspleɪn tɪ ˈɔfəs ðət "ˈfɑstərɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti" minz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˈɪmpətəs bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt rɪˈlisɪz? ˈəltəmətli, ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts ər frid, ðoʊz kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ðə rɪˈlisɪz ˈɑrənt tu kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðə oʊˈpeɪk (ənd ˈlaɪtli ˈsɛlfəˈgrænˌdaɪzɪŋ) statements.hopefully*, ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs goʊɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd. ðə ˈɪzənt ˈrɪli ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf ə pɑrt əv ðə sərˈveɪləns dəˈbeɪt. ɪts ˈoʊnli fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃənz. ðə ˈpəblɪk ʃʊd bi əˈwɛr əv ˈæˌkʧuəli duɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti. ʤɪst ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈɪzənt ɪˈnəf. ðə fækt ɪz ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənts ˈligəl rɛps dɪd ɔl ðeɪ kʊd tɪ blɑk ðə riˈlis əv ðiz ˈdɑkjəmənts, wɪʧ minz ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz ʤɪst ɛz kəmˈplɪsət ɪn ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈɛfərt tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðə dəˈbeɪt. faɪld ˈəndər: ˈɛˈfoʊˈaɪˈeɪ, icontherecord*, ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəmˈjunɪti, ʤeɪmz ˈklæpər, odni*, trænˈspɛrənsi, ˈtəmblər
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even with its 'public facing' tumblr blog, the intelligence community is still avoiding the surveillance discussion
from the ic-begrudges-the-record dept
we've discussed this several times before, almost always as a preface to any document release by the office of the director of national intelligence. nsa-related documents are now being declassified and handed over to public. james clapper, the director of national intelligence, delivers each document dump with a canned statement that almost always includes this sentence:
these orders are available at the website of the office of the director of national intelligence (http://www.dni.gov), and odni’s public website dedicated to fostering greater public visibility into the intelligence activities of the government (icontherecord.tumblr.com).
amie stepanovich was doubly rewarded when she won her transparency lawsuit against the us government. not only did stepanovich, formerly a lawyer for the electronic privacy information center, receive some of the surveillance documents she sued to obtain, but the office of the director of national intelligence credited her effort on its tumblr.
on friday, the attorney general through the department of justice, declassified and released 24 documents that were responsive to a portion of a freedom of information act request by the electronic privacy information center. these one-page documents, titled “the attorney general’s report on the use of pen registers and trap and trace devices under the foreign intelligence surveillance act,” are reports to the congressional intelligence and judiciary committees that identify how many applications the u.s. government filed with the foreign intelligence surveillance court (fisc) seeking authorization to use pen registers and/or trap and trace devices, and how many the fisc authorized, during specific time periods. the documents cover the time period from 2001 through 2012.
“as far as we’re concerned, the government can explain the disclosures however they’d like to. the important fact is that most of this information should never have been secret in the first place. we’ll continue to press the government to disclose more,” said aclu attorney alexander abdo.
“eff’s number one priority is making sure this information is provided to the public, whether or not the government wants to give us credit for it,” said eff lawyer mark rumold.
but the odni's website isn't necessarily as dedicated to this cause as clapper's introductory statement makes it appear. as we've pointed out before, nearly every document released has been the result of court orders in foia lawsuits pursued by the aclu, eff and epic. others have been compelled by executive orders (obama's surveillance reforms) or are nothing more than official statements and press releases . there's no transparency here, no intrinsic effort to "foster greater public visibility." the agency has been forced out of the shadows and its awkward embrace of openness is nowhere more apparent than at its tumblr blog.the fact that a national security agency is operating a public blog that's more than just press releases and help wanted ads is very unusual. but underneath the talk of connecting with the public, there's very little going on here that isn't self-serving or fulfillment of legal obligations.the guardian notes, however, that a recent post finally did what no other post to date had done: acknowledge that the documents in question were forced out of the nsa's hands here's the odni's official release statement will this sort of acknowledgement accompany future releases? it's hard to say. while the short intro points out that the documents' release was compelled, there's nothing that indicates this sudden burst of honesty was. did someone finally explain to clapper's office that "fostering public visibility" means identifying the impetus behind the document releases? ultimately, as long as the documents are freed, those compelling the releases aren't too concerned about the odni's opaque (and lightly self-aggrandizing) statements.hopefully, this is the process going forward. the nsa isn't really making itself a part of the surveillance debate. it's only fulfilling obligations. the public should be aware of howit's actually doing to increase visibility. just using the blog-platform-du-jour isn't enough. the fact is that the us government's legal reps did all they could to block the release of these documents, which means the administration itself is just as complicit in the agency's effort to avoid the debate.
filed under: foia, icontherecord, intelligence community, james clapper, odni, transparency, tumblr
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ˈdɑnəld trəmp ʤɪst juzd wən əv hɪz ˈklæsɪk səˈpraɪz əˈtæks ðə ˈmidiə, ənd ɪt həz ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn fˈjʊriəs. ˈdʊrɪŋ wət wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd hɪz pleɪs əv bərθ, trəmp ˌɪnˈstɛd juzd ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt tɪ ðə wərld ðə ˈtəfnəs ənd ˈvɪʒən əv əˈmɛrɪkəz fˈjuʧər. ˈnumərəs ˈʤɛnərəlz ənd ˈædmərəlz tʊk ðə steɪʤ wɪθ trəmp, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ tu ˈmɛdəl əv ˈɑnər rɪˈsɪpiənts hu plɛʤd ðɛr səˈpɔrt tɪ trəmp ənd ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə. wən əv maɪ ˈpərsɪnəl ˈfeɪvərɪt əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪroʊz, maɪk ˈθɔrntən, sɛd ðət "wi ˈkænɑt stænd fɔr mɔr jɪrz əv ˈlidərˌʃɪp laɪk (ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑməz), wi nid ˈsəmˌwən hu ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ lɛd frəm ðə frənt laɪk ˈdɑnəld trəmp." ˈθɔrntən noʊz ə θɪŋ ər tu əˈbaʊt ˈlidərˌʃɪp. ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 31 1972 hi ənd hɪz ˈfɛloʊ ˈneɪvi sil tɑm ˈnɔrɪs wər ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ə ˈrɛskju ˈmɪʃən əv ə daʊnd əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpaɪlət ɪn nɔrθ viˌɛtnɑˈmis ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri. ɪt wɑz leɪt æt naɪt ʤɪst əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈoʊʃənz ɛʤ wɪn ə grup əv 300 viˌɛtnɑˈmis trups traɪd tɪ ˈoʊvərˌrən ðɛr pəˈzɪʃən. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈditeɪlz frəm ˈmɛdəl əv ˈɑnər ˈtrænˌskrɪpt, hi dɪd ðə ənˈθɪŋkəbəl ˈæftər ˈnɔrɪs hæd bɪn ˈsɪriəsli ˈɪnʤərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪrˌfaɪt. əˈpɑn ˈlərnɪŋ ðət ðə ˈsinjər ædˈvaɪzər hæd bɪn hɪt baɪ ˈɛnəmi faɪər ənd wɑz wɑz bɪˈlivd tɪ bi dɛd, poʊ ˈθɔrntən rɪˈtərnd θru ə heɪl əv faɪər tɪ ðə luˈtɛnənts læst pəˈzɪʃən; kˈwɪkli dɪˈspoʊzd əv 2 ˈɛnəmi ˈsoʊlʤərz əˈbaʊt tɪ ˈoʊvərˌrən ðə pəˈzɪʃən, ənd səkˈsidɪd ɪn riˈmuvɪŋ ðə ˈsɪriəsli ˈwundɪd ənd ˌənˈkɑnʃəs ˈsinjər ˈneɪvəl ædˈvaɪzər tɪ ðə ˈwɔtərz ɛʤ. hi ðɛn ˌɪnˈfleɪtɪd ðə luˈtɛnənts ənd toʊd ɪm ˈsiwərd fər əˈprɑksəmətli 2 aʊərz ənˈtɪl pɪkt əp baɪ səˈpɔrt kræft. ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn θɔt ðeɪ ˈfaɪnəli hæd trəmp ʤɪst wɛr ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd ɪm, ˈbɛgɪŋ fər fərˈgɪvnəs ənd ˈpəblɪkli ˈʃeɪmɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl hərd fər 20 ʃɔrt ˈmɪnəts ðə praɪd ðət ˈmɛni əv ˈklɪntənz "dɪˈplɔrəbəl" əˈmɛrɪkənz hæv fər ðɛr ˈkəntri. ˈmeɪbi ˈklɪntən wɪl θɪŋk twaɪs nɛkst taɪm ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkɔlɪŋ ˈpipəl laɪk maɪk ˈθɔrntən "dɪˈplɔrəbəl."
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donald trump just used one of his classic surprise attacks the media, and it has cnn furious.
during what was supposed to be a press conference dedicated to barack obama and his place of birth, trump instead used the platform to demonstrate to the world the toughness and vision of america's future.
numerous generals and admirals took the stage with trump, along with two medal of honor recipients who pledged their support to trump and remonstrated barack obama.
one of my personal favorite american heroes, mike thornton, said that "we cannot stand four more years of leadership like (barack obama's), we need someone who is going to lead from the front like donald trump."
thornton knows a thing or two about leadership. on october 31, 1972, he and his fellow navy seal tom norris were engaged in a rescue mission of a downed american pilot in north vietnamese territory. it was late at night just along the oceans edge when a group of 300 vietnamese troops tried to overrun their position. according to the details from thornton's medal of honor transcript, he did the unthinkable after norris had been seriously injured during the firefight.
upon learning that the senior advisor had been hit by enemy fire and was was believed to be dead, po thornton returned through a hail of fire to the lieutenant's last position; quickly disposed of 2 enemy soldiers about to overrun the position, and succeeded in removing the seriously wounded and unconscious senior naval advisor to the water's edge. he then inflated the lieutenant's lifejacket and towed him seaward for approximately 2 hours until picked up by support craft.
barack obama and cnn thought they finally had trump just where they wanted him, begging for forgiveness and publicly shaming himself. instead, the american people heard for 20 short minutes the pride that many of clinton's "deplorable" americans have for their country.
maybe clinton will think twice next time before calling people like mike thornton "deplorable."
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ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ruld aʊt ʤoʊəl fər ðə ˈsizən wɪθ ə ni ˈɪnʤəri ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ənd ɪn ðə grænd skim əv θɪŋz, ɪt ˈmætər məʧ. ðə ˈsɪksərz ər geɪmz aʊt əv ðə læst pleɪɔf spɑt ənd ʤɪst ˈtreɪdɪd əˈweɪ ə ki roʊˈteɪʃən pleɪər. ˈsərʤɪkəli rɪˈpɛrd fʊt ɪz faɪn, ənd ˈfɪli wɪl ˈbɛnəfɪt mɔr frəm ˈædɪŋ ˈlɑtəri ˈpɪŋˌpɔŋ bɔlz ðən ə fju ˈɛkstrə wɪnz. wɪl bi bæk, ə tru ˈfrænˌʧaɪz pleɪər ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ə ˈlaɪkli ˈfrænˌʧaɪz pleɪər (bɛn ˈsɪmənz) ənd ðə naʊ ˈprɑbəbəl ˈrʊki əv ðə jɪr, ˈdɛriˌoʊ, ɪn ən əbˈsərdli ˈtæləntɪd jəŋ frontcourt*. ðə wɪl hæv ə haɪ ˈlɑtəri pɪk ɪn ə pɔɪnt dræft, tu ɪf ðə ˈpɪŋˌpɔŋ bɔlz baʊns ðə ˈleɪkərz aʊt əv ðə tɔp θri. skroʊl tɪ kənˈtɪnju wɪθ ˈkɑntɛnt æd ðə fˈjuʧər ɪz braɪt. ənd du ju noʊ hum ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə kən θæŋk? sæm. raɪt.. ðə məˈlaɪnd ˈoʊvərˌlɔrd əv wən əv ðə moʊst ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ˈrɑstər ɪn ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ ˈhɪstəri. ðə mæn hu dəmpt ɪˈstæblɪʃt ˈtælənts fər pɪks ənd lɛs ɪˈstæblɪʃt wənz fər second-rounders*. ðə mæn hu ʃrəgd æt fʊt ˈɪnʤəri ənd ˈkuli swɔpt ðə raɪts tɪ ˈpeɪtən fər dɪˈspaɪt ˈprɛfərəns tɪ steɪ ˈoʊvərˈsiz fər tu jɪrz ˈæftər biɪŋ ˈdræftɪd. ðə tʊk ðɛr fɛr ʃɛr əv ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə sæm ˈɪrə. (ˌeɪˈpi) ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjuz ðət. dən ə tərn ɔn. fər jɪrz aɪ ʤɔɪnd ðə ˈkɔrəs ˈhæmərɪŋ ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər ənd ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əv ðə fər ʃoʊɪŋ noʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈwɪnɪŋ. aɪ ˈtrævəld tɪ ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ənd sæt θru ˈmɪdˈsizən geɪmz wɛr æt taɪmz ðə ˈmidiə keɪm kloʊz tɪ ˈaʊtˌnəmbərɪŋ ðə fænz ɪn ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ. aɪ wɔʧt roʊl aʊt ˈrɑstərz ˈhɛˌdlaɪnd baɪ ˈhɑlɪs ˈtɑmsən, grænt ənd ˈtoʊni ˈroʊtən, ənd ˈwəndərd haʊ ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ kʊd lɛt gɪt əˈweɪ wɪθ ɪt. ðɛn ˈæftər siɪŋ timz əˈtɛmpt tɪ riˈvæmp ðə ˈlɑtəri ˈsɪstəm ənd ðə lig nəʤ ˈʤɛri koʊlɑŋˈgɛloʊ təˈwɔrd ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə, ju ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ɪt traɪd tɪ stɑp ɪm. ˈnɪrli fɔr jɪrz ˈæftər wɑz haɪərd ənd ju ˈwəndər: dɪz ˈɛniˌwən ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə rɪˈgrɛt ðə ˈɪrə? θri streɪt wɪn ˈsizənz wər ˈpeɪnfəl, ənd ˈwɑʧɪŋ treɪd əˈweɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃt ˈtælənt (ˈɛvən ˈtərnər, ˈmaɪkəl carter-williams*, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) fər dræft pɪks wɑz wərs. bət hir ər ðə ˈsɪksərz, ɪgˈzæktli wɛr hoʊpt ðeɪ wʊd bi, ˈloʊdɪd wɪθ ɪˈlit jəŋ ˈtælənt ənd praɪmd tɪ bi ðə ɛr tɪ ə ʤeɪmz ˈkɑnfərəns θroʊn. wɔnt tɪ bi ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ, ə pleɪɔf kənˈtɛndər wɪθ noʊ plæn tɪ sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˌɪmˈpruv. ɪn fækt, tʊk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðə kings’*’ ˌdɛspərˈeɪʃɪn tɪ bi ˈdisənt baɪ əbˈzɔrbɪŋ ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈsæləriz ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ fər ə pɪk. ðət pɪk ˈlaɪkli ˌənprəˈtɛktɪd ɪn 2019 kʊd bi ɪn ðə haɪ ˈlɑtəri bɪˈkəz ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ ɪz ɪn ðə ˈflɛʤlɪŋ ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ə riˈbɪld əv ɪts oʊn. wɔnt tɪ bi æˈtlæntə, ə ˈsɑləd pleɪɔf kənˈtɛndər wɪθ ˈlɪtəl hoʊp əv biɪŋ məʧ mɔr. ðə hɔks meɪd ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ hoʊld ɔn tɪ pɔl ˈmɪlˌsæp ˌbiˈfɔr ðə treɪd ˈdɛˌdlaɪn ənd plɛʤd tɪ peɪ ɪm ðə ˈmɑrkɪt reɪt tɪ kip ɪm əraʊnd. bət ˈbɪldɪŋ əraʊnd ə pɛr əv bɪgz (ˈmɪlˌsæp ənd dwaɪt haʊərd) ɪz ə ˌʃɔrtˈtərm səˈluʃən, ənd ənˈlɛs ðə hɔks kən lʊr pɔl ʤɔrʤ ər ˈrəsəl ˈwɛstˌbrʊk tɪ æˈtlæntə ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ jɪrz, ðeɪ wɪl bi ˈsɪtɪŋ ɔn ə pɛr əv dɪˈpriʃiˌeɪtɪŋ ˈæˌsɛts ɪn ə ˈkɑnfərəns raɪp wɪθ ˈraɪzɪŋ jəŋ timz. dɪˈspaɪt əˈnəðər bɪg ˈɪnʤəri, ʤoʊəl əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz pleɪər. (ˌeɪˈpi) noʊ, ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bi ðɪs. hi ˈwɔntɪd ə ˈrɑstər ˈloʊdɪd wɪθ stɑrz ənd ðə kæp speɪs tɪ æd ˈvɛtərənz tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ɪt. ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ə ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən jɛt. bət pleɪərz noʊ wət ɪz ənd ˌəndərˈstænd wət ˈsɪmənz ənd kʊd bi. ɪf ðə ˈsɪksərz meɪk ðə ʤəmp tɪ ə tim nɛkst ˈsizən ənd 500 ənd ə pʊʃ fər ə pleɪɔf spɑt aʊt əv ðə kˈwɛʃən ɪˈstæblɪʃt ˈvɛtərənz wɪθ ˈɔpʃənz wɪl stɑrt ˈgɪvɪŋ ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ə lʊk. ənd? hi dɪˈzərvz ə lʊk, tu. həz gɔn ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ðiz deɪz, ə shorn-head*, ˈvərʒən əv ɪm ˈsərfəsɪŋ ˈbrifli læst fɔl fər ə ˈstɔri ɪn spɔrts ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd. bət waɪ ə ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd ˈoʊnər gɪv ɪm ə kɔl? hɪz ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət wərd əˈgɛn ɪz ˈpeɪnˌsteɪkɪŋ bət lʊk æt ðə rɪˈzəlts. ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ wʊd faɪt bæk əˈgɛnst ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə bət ðə ˈlɑtəri ɪz prəˈtɛktɪd baɪ ˈpaʊərfəl timz (ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˈsɪti, spəˈsɪfɪkli), ənd ðɛr ər ˈoʊnli soʊ ˈmɛni ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə koʊlɑŋˈgɛloʊ ˈfæməli tɪ goʊ əraʊnd. ɛmˈbreɪsɪŋ ə riˈbɪld wɪl raɪl əp ðə fæn beɪs, ˈɪrɪˌteɪt ðə lig ənd meɪk ən ˈoʊnər ə pəraɪə əˈməŋ hɪz pɪrz. bət ɪt kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ meɪk ən ˈoʊnər ə ˈwɪnər. ɪn lɛs taɪm ðən ɪt tʊk moʊst tɪ kəmˈplit ˈkɑlɪʤ, bɪlt fər ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ðə moʊst dɪˈzaɪərəbəl jəŋ ˈnukliəs ənd ɑrmd braɪən koʊlɑŋˈgɛloʊ wɪθ ðə ˈæˌsɛts tɪ æd tɪ ɪt. ɪn ə jɪr ər tu ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə kʊd bi ɪn ðə pleɪɔfs ənd ˈæftər ðət ɪt kʊd bi ə ˈdɛkeɪd ər mɔr ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt livz ðɛm. ˈprɑməst ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ blɑks fər ə tim bɪlt tɪ kəmˈpit ɪn meɪ. ðeɪ hæv ðɛm, ənd məʧ mɔr. ˈpɑpjələr ˈvɪdioʊ frəm ðə ˈvərtɪkəl:
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philadelphia ruled out joel embiid for the season with a knee injury on wednesday, and in the grand scheme of things, it doesn’t matter much. the sixers are 22-38, 6½ games out of the last playoff spot and just traded away a key rotation player. embiid’s surgically repaired foot is fine, and philly will benefit more from adding lottery ping-pong balls than a few extra wins.
embiid will be back, a true franchise player joining a likely franchise player (ben simmons) and the now probable rookie of the year, dario saric, in an absurdly talented young frontcourt. the 76ers will have a high lottery pick in a point guard-rich draft, two if the ping-pong balls bounce the lakers out of the top three.
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the future is bright. and do you know whom philadelphia can thank? sam hinkie.
that’s right. hinkie. the maligned overlord of one of the most criticized roster deconstructions in nba history. the man who dumped established talents for first-round picks and less established ones for second-rounders. the man who shrugged at embiid’s pre-draft foot injury and coolly swapped the rights to elfrid payton for saric despite saric’s preference to stay overseas for two years after being drafted.
the 76ers took their fair share of criticism during the sam hinkie era. (ap)
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that hinkie. i’ve done a 180-degree turn on hinkie. for years i joined the chorus hammering the former general manager and president of basketball operations of the 76ers for showing no interest in winning. i traveled to philadelphia and sat through midseason games where at times the media came laughably close to outnumbering the fans in the building. i watched hinkie roll out rosters headlined by hollis thompson, jerami grant and tony wroten, and wondered how the nba could let hinkie get away with it. then after seeing teams attempt to revamp the lottery system and the league nudge jerry colangelo toward philadelphia, you realize that it tried to stop him.
nearly four years after hinkie was hired and you wonder: does anyone in philadelphia regret the era? three straight sub-20 win seasons were painful, and watching hinkie trade away established talent (evan turner, michael carter-williams, etc.) for draft picks was worse. but here are the sixers, exactly where hinkie hoped they would be, loaded with elite young talent and primed to be the heir to a post-lebron james conference throne.
hinkie didn’t want to be sacramento, a nipping-at-the-fringes playoff contender with no discernable plan to significantly improve. in fact, hinkie took advantage of the kings’ desperation to be decent by absorbing a couple of salaries in exchange for a first-round pick. that pick likely unprotected in 2019 could be in the high lottery because sacramento is in the fledgling stages of a rebuild of its own.
hinkie didn’t want to be atlanta, a solid playoff contender with little hope of being much more. the hawks made the decision to hold on to paul millsap before the trade deadline and pledged to pay him the market rate to keep him around. but building around a pair of 30-something bigs (millsap and dwight howard) is a short-term solution, and unless the hawks can lure paul george or russell westbrook to atlanta in the coming years, they will be sitting on a pair of depreciating assets in a conference ripe with rising young teams.
despite another big injury, joel embiid appears to be a franchise player. (ap)
no, hinkie wanted to be … this. he wanted a roster loaded with 20-something stars and the cap space to add veterans to improve it. philadelphia isn’t a free-agent destination yet. but players know what embiid is and understand what simmons and saric could be. if the sixers make the jump to a mid-30-win team next season and .500 and a push for a playoff spot isn’t out of the question established veterans with options will start giving philadelphia a look.
and hinkie? he deserves a look, too. hinkie has gone underground these days, a shorn-head, short-beard version of him surfacing briefly last fall for a story in sports illustrated. but why wouldn’t a frustrated owner give him a call? his process there’s that word again is painstaking but look at the results. the nba would fight back against philadelphia 2.0, but the lottery is protected by powerful small-market teams (oklahoma city, specifically), and there are only so many members of the colangelo family to go around. embracing a hinkie rebuild will rile up the fan base, irritate the league and make an owner a pariah among his peers.
but it could also make an owner a winner. in less time than it took most to complete college, hinkie built for philadelphia the nba’s most desirable young nucleus and armed gm bryan colangelo with the assets to add to it. in a year or two philadelphia could be in the playoffs and after that it could be a decade or more before it leaves them. hinkie promised philadelphia the building blocks for a team built to compete in may. they have them, and much more.
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frəm kənˈsərvətɪvz əˈgɛnst trəmp: kənˈsərvətɪvz əˈgɛnst trəmp ər dɪsˈmeɪd æt rɪˈzəlt, bət nɑt dɪˈtərd. ˈpoʊlɪŋ kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ʃoʊ ðət ə juʤ swɑθ əv rɪˈpəblɪkənz wɔnt ə ˈkænədɪt ˈəðər ðən trəmp tɪ rən əˈgɛnst ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər ənd ðɪs ɪz tɪ seɪ ˈnəθɪŋ əv ðə ˈkaʊntləs ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənts tɪ wɪʧ ðə ˈpɑrti wɪl nid tɪ əˈpil ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ prɪˈveɪl. wi bɪˈliv ə trəmp ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən ɪz nɑt ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl dɪˈspaɪt rɪˈzəlt. wi bɪˈliv ðət ən ˈoʊpən ənd fɛr kənˈvɛnʃən kən ˈproʊdus ə ˈvaɪəbəl rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈkænədɪt. ɛz ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən, wi wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ pərˈsu ðɪs goʊl. trəmp həz kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ʃoʊ rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˈwiknəs fər ə ‘‘frontrunner’*’ ɪn ki pɑrts əv ðə ˈkəntri, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈmaʊntən wɛst ənd ðə ˌmɪdˈwɛst hoʊm tɪ swɪŋ steɪts laɪk ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ, oʊˈhaɪoʊ, məˈzʊri, wɪˈskɑnsən, ənd ˈaɪəwə. hi həz noʊ əˈpɛrənt pæθ tɪ ˈvɪktəri ɪn vərˈʤɪnjə. æt ðɪs steɪʤ ɪn ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈsaɪkəl, ðə ˌnɑməˈni ʃʊd hæv ɔˈrɛdi juˈnaɪtɪd ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv rɪˈpəblɪkənz. ˌənˈfeɪvərəbəl ˈreɪtɪŋz ər sky-high*, wɪθ ˈoʊnli ˈkeɪˈkeɪˈkeɪ ˈlidər ˈdeɪvɪd duk ˈfɛriŋ wərs ɪn ˈpəblɪk əˈpɪnjən ˈpoʊlɪŋ. trəmp ˈkænɑt self-finance*; ənd ɪf hi ɪz ðə ˌnɑməˈni, ɪt wɪl ˈvæstli reɪz ðə kɔst əv ðə ˈəðər steɪt ənd ˈloʊkəl rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈrənɪŋ. trəmp ɪz ə ˈwɔkɪŋ, ˈtɔkɪŋ, doʊˈneɪʃən tɪ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ənd ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti. hɪz ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən ɪz wən ðət rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈdɛləˌgeɪts ənd ˈvoʊtərz ʃʊd nɑt saɪn ɔf ɔn. ðə məst nɑt ˈnɑməˌneɪt ə ˈrɛkləs pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɑpərˈtunɪst, hu dɪz nɑt ʃɛr ɑr ˈvæljuz ər ˈvɪʒən. trəmp praɪˈmɛrəli simz tɪ bi pərˈsuɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənsi ɛz ɪf ɪt wər səm sɔrt əv nu ˈhɑbi dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ hɪz greɪt ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl nid fər əˈtɛnʃən ənd əˈfɛkʃən.
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from conservatives against trump:
conservatives against trump are dismayed at tonight’s result, but not deterred. polling continues to show that a huge swath of republicans want a candidate other than trump to run against hillary clinton in november — and this is to say nothing of the countless independents to which the party will need to appeal in order to prevail.
we believe a trump nomination is not inevitable despite tonight’s result. we believe that an open and fair convention can produce a viable republican candidate. as a coalition, we will continue to pursue this goal.
trump has continued to show remarkable weakness for a ‘frontrunner’ in key parts of the country, including the mountain west and the midwest — home to swing states like colorado, ohio, missouri, wisconsin, and iowa. he has no apparent path to victory in virginia. at this stage in the election cycle, the nominee should have already united the vast majority of republicans.
trump’s unfavorable ratings are sky-high, with only kkk leader david duke faring worse in public opinion polling. trump cannot self-finance; and if he is the gop nominee, it will vastly raise the cost of the other state and local republicans running.
trump is a walking, talking, in-kind donation to hillary clinton and the democratic party. his nomination is one that republican delegates and voters should not sign off on.
the gop must not nominate a reckless political opportunist, who does not share our values or vision. trump primarily seems to be pursuing the presidency as if it were some sort of new hobby designed to satisfy his great psychological need for attention and affection.
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istock* ə ˈbætəl fər ðə "soʊl" əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪz ˌəndərˈweɪ. ðə nɛkst fju ˈdɛkeɪdz wɪl ˈlaɪkli ˌdɪˈsaɪd ˈwɛðər ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm sərˈvaɪvz ər ɪz ˌriˈpleɪst wɪθ ə wɛr ˈroʊˌbəts du moʊst əv ðə ʤɑbz waɪl ˈjumənz lɪv ɔf ˈgəvərnmənt səˈpɔrt, ˈlaɪkli ə ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪtɪd ˌgɛrənˈtid ər ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɪnˌkəm. ˈmɛni ˈɛkspərts bɪˈliv ɔtəˈmeɪʃən ɪz ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl. ˈivɪn ðə ˈlɑrʤəst hɛʤ fənd, ˈbrɪʤˌwɔtər əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts, ˈrisəntli əˈnaʊnst ˈbɪldɪŋ ən eɪaɪ tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ɪts ˈmænɪʤərz, ˈmɛni əv hum ər ˈhaɪli ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd ənd ˈpriviəsli θɔt ˌɪnˈvəlnərəbəl tɪ ɔtəˈmeɪʃən. ˈroʊˌbəts, ɪt simz, wɪl ˈmænɪʤ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. ər wɪl ðeɪ? ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ðə ˈmərʤɪŋ əv ˈjumənz ənd məˈʃinz ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ naʊ ˈdɑrpə ðə ˈmərʤɪŋ əv ˈjumənz ənd məˈʃinz ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ naʊ ə tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ˈlaɪkli tɪ əraɪv ɪn faɪv tɪ 10 jɪrz, ɪz biɪŋ ˈkrɛdɪtɪd ɛz ðə əv ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm. noʊn təˈdeɪ ɛz ˈnʊrəl prɑsˈθɛtɪks, ər ˈnʊrəl leɪs, ɪts ɛˈsɛnʃəli tɛk ðət ridz jʊr brainwaves*. ðɪs tɛk ˈprɑməsəz tɪ kəˈnɛkt ɑr breɪnz tɪ ðə klaʊd ənd eɪaɪ tɪ lɪŋk ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ məˈʃinz ˈjuzɪŋ θɔt əˈloʊn. rɛd nɛkst ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd ɪkˈspɛrəmənt: haʊ 'ˈkələr ˌɪnˈsɛpʃən' kən riˈwaɪər jʊr breɪn ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd ɪkˈspɛrəmənt: haʊ 'ˈkələr ˌɪnˈsɛpʃən' kən riˈwaɪər jʊr breɪn waɪl ðɪs tɛkˈnɑləʤi saʊnz ˈfɑrˈfɛʧt, ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl ˈgloʊbəli hæv ˌɪmˈplænts kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ðɛr breɪnz. əp tɪl naʊ, ɔl əv ðɛm hæv bɪn ˌɪmˈplæntɪd fər ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈrizənz, wɪθ ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən biɪŋ ðə ˈkɑkliər ˌɪmˈplænt wɪʧ əˈlaʊz ðə dɛf tɪ hir baɪ ˈstɪmjəˌleɪtɪŋ ðə ˈɔdɪˌtɔri nərv. ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli, ˈpeɪʃənz wɪθ ənd ər ˈtɛstɪŋ aʊt ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪn ðə hoʊp əv ˈsteɪvɪŋ ɔf ðɛr dɪˈzizɪz. ənd ˈprɛzɪdənt breɪn ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv, əˈnaʊnst ɪn 2013 ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd 70 ˈmɪljən tɪ ˈdɑrpə tɪ ˈʤəmpˌstɑrt ðə fild əv breɪn ˌɪmˈplænts. fər ˈjumənz tɪ bit ðə məˈʃinz, ər æt list bi kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv, goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðɪs pæθ; tɪ kəˈnɛkt wɪθ ðɛm dɪˈrɛkli. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt nil wən ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈstɑrˌtəp ˈfaʊndɪd baɪ ˌɑntrəprəˈnʊr braɪən ˈʤɑnsən ɪz kɔld ˈkərnəl. ˈkərnəl wɔnts tɪ bɪld ə ˈnʊrəl prɑsˈθɛtɪk ðət wʊd əˈlaʊ ˈjumənz, əˈməŋ ˈəðər θɪŋz, tɪ kip əp wɪθ ðə məˈʃinz ɪn ril taɪm, ˈsɪmələr tɪ ə ˈjumən maɪnd ˈlɪtərəli biɪŋ kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ənd ɔl ɪts ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ənd sərʧ ˈfəŋkʃənz. məsk rɪˈvilz mɔr əˈbaʊt hɪz plæn tɪ mərʤ mæn ənd məˈʃin wɪθ ˈɪnərˌfeɪs məsk rɪˈvilz mɔr əˈbaʊt hɪz plæn tɪ mərʤ mæn ənd məˈʃin wɪθ ˈɛlsˌwɛr, məsk ˈrisəntli əˈnaʊnst plænz tɪ stɑrt ə ˈnʊrəl leɪs ˈkəmpəˌni kɔld. noʊn fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ waɪld tɛk bɛts, məsk sɛd ɪn duˈbaɪ, ɪn mɑrʧ: taɪm aɪ θɪŋk wi wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli si ə ˈkloʊzər ˈmərʤər əv ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ənd ˈdɪʤɪtəl intelligence.”*.” ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, hi hoʊps tɪ hæv səkˈsɛs wɪθ hɪz nu ˈkəmpəˌni ɪn ʤɪst faɪv jɪrz' taɪm. ðə ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ˌriˈæləˌti səˈʤɛsts ðət ɪf ˈjumənz dɪˈvɛləp ðiz ˌɪmˈplænts ər ˈhɛdˌsɛts, ˈhənərdz əv ˈmɪljənz əv ʤɑbz wɪl bi lɔst tɪ ˈroʊˌbəts. səm, laɪk ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, ˈivɪn bɪˈliv wɔl strit wɪl bi ˈɛmtid əv ˈjumən ˈtreɪdərz. ðə seɪm ɔtəˈmeɪʃən ˈteɪˌkoʊvər wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlaɪkli hɪt lɔ ˈɔfəsɪz, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ fərmz, ənd ˈivɪn ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz maɪt wən deɪ bi ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ məˈʃinz ðət sik ˈoʊnli tɪ hɛlp ðə ˈpipəl θru ðə bɛst, moʊst ˌɔltruˈɪstɪk ˈælgərˌɪðəmz. ˈnʊrəl prɑsˈθɛtɪks wɪl ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ðət. ɪt wɪl prɪˈzərv ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪn ðə ˈjumən reɪs, bət əˈgɛnst məˈʃinz. fər ðoʊz, laɪk mi, hu əˈpriʃiˌeɪt moʊst pɑrts əv ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm ənd wət dən fər ˈprɑˌgrɛs ənd ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən, ə gʊd θɪŋ. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt mæt ˈigəlz həz hæd ˈpɑrkɪnsənz sɪns hi wɑz 7 ə breɪn ˌɪmˈplænt geɪv ɪm bæk hɪz laɪf waɪərd hɛlθ 2017 mæt ˈigəlz həz hæd ˈpɑrkɪnsənz sɪns hi wɑz 7 ə breɪn ˌɪmˈplænt geɪv ɪm bæk hɪz laɪf bət teɪk mɔr ðən ʤɪst ə maɪnd tæpt ˈɪntu ðə klaʊd tɪ bi ˈwaɪdli kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ɪn ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ʤɑb ˈmɑrkɪt. ɑgˈmɛntəd lɪmz, ˈɔrgənz, ənd ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd juz əv ˌɛksoʊˈskɛlətən tɛkˈnɑləʤi wɪl bi ˈnidɪd tɪ kəmˈpit əˈgɛnst ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk strɛŋθ. fər jɪrz bɪn səˈpɔrtɪv əv ə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɪnˌkəm, wɪʧ wʊd prəˈvaɪd ə ˈmənθli ˈɪnˌkəm fər ðə pur ˈmoʊstli bɪˈkəz aɪ sɔ ɪt ɛz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈlɑʤɪkəl weɪ tɪ kip ˈpipəl fɛd ənd haʊzd, waɪl stɪl əˈlaʊɪŋ fər ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɛvəˈluʃən. naʊ, wɪθ ˈnʊrəl prɑsˈθɛtɪks ənd ˈəpˌgreɪdɪd ˈbɑdiz, aɪ si ðə fˈjuʧər meɪ, ˌɪnˈstɛd, bi fʊl əv ˌkæpɪtəˈlɪstɪk ˈɛnərˌpraɪz, fjuəld baɪ tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ðət əˈlaʊ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ mɔr ˈkloʊsli rɪˈzɛmbəl ðə məˈʃinz. ðæts nɑt tɪ seɪ əm əˈbændənɪŋ maɪ vjuz ɔn ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɪnˌkəm. ˌɪnˈstɛd, aɪ bɪˈliv ðɛr wɪl bi əˈnəðər ˈæˌspɛkt tɪ ðə fˈjuʧər ɪˈkɑnəmi ðət ˈoʊnli fər ðə ˈroʊˌbət ənd eɪaɪ ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz, bət fər ˈhənərdz əv ˈmɪljənz ˈmeɪbi ˈbɪljənz əv ˈpipəl ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ juz tɛk tɪ kəmˈpit əˈgɛnst məˈʃinz. ə fˈjuʧər ˈmɑtoʊ əv juˈmænɪti ənd ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm maɪt bi: "ɪf ju bit ə məˈʃin, bɪˈkəm wən." ɛz ə ˈrædɪkəl saɪəns ənd tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈædvəˌkeɪt, ə fəˈlɑsəfi aɪ kən səˈpɔrt. ˈzoʊltən ɪz ə fˈjuʧərɪst, ˈɔθər əv ðə ˈweɪʤər, ənd ə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˈkænədɪt fər ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈgəvərnər.
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istock
a battle for the "soul" of the global economy is underway. the next few decades will likely decide whether capitalism survives or is replaced with a techno-fuelled quasi-socialism where robots do most of the jobs while humans live off government support, likely a designated guaranteed or basic income.
many experts believe wide-scale automation is inevitable. even the world’s largest hedge fund, bridgewater associates, recently announced it’s building an ai to replace its managers, many of whom are highly educated and previously thought invulnerable to automation. robots, it seems, will manage everything. or will they?
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the merging of humans and machines is happening now darpa the merging of humans and machines is happening now
a next-generation technology, likely to arrive in five to 10 years, is being credited as the saviour of capitalism. known today as neural prosthetics, or neural lace, it's essentially tech that reads your brainwaves. this tech promises to connect our brains to the cloud and ai to link us with machines using thought alone.
read next illustrated experiment: how 'colour inception' can rewire your brain illustrated experiment: how 'colour inception' can rewire your brain
while this technology sounds farfetched, hundreds of thousands of people globally have implants connected to their brains. up till now, all of them have been implanted for medical reasons, with the most common being the cochlear implant which allows the deaf to hear by stimulating the auditory nerve. increasingly, patients with parkinson’s and alzheimer’s are testing out the technology in the hope of staving off their diseases. and president obama’s brain initiative, announced in 2013, allocated $70 million to government-funded darpa to jumpstart the field of brain implants.
for humans to beat the machines, or at least be competitive, we’re going to have to follow this path; to connect with them directly.
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neil harbisson
one california startup founded by entrepreneur bryan johnson is called kernel. kernel wants to build a neural prosthetic that would allow humans, among other things, to keep up with the machines in real time, similar to a human mind literally being connected to the internet and all its algorithms and search functions.
elon musk reveals more about his plan to merge man and machine with neuralink brain-computer interface elon musk reveals more about his plan to merge man and machine with neuralink
elsewhere, elon musk recently announced plans to start a neural lace company called neuralink. known for making wild tech bets, musk said in dubai, in march: “over time i think we will probably see a closer merger of biological intelligence and digital intelligence.” in particular, he hopes to have success with his new company in just five years' time.
the challenging reality suggests that if humans don’t develop these implants or headsets, hundreds of millions of jobs will be lost to robots. some, like myself, even believe wall street will be emptied of human traders. the same automation takeover will also likely hit law offices, engineering firms, and even politicians might one day be replaced by machines that seek only to help the people through the best, most altruistic algorithms.
neural prosthetics will eliminate that. it will preserve competition – not only in the human race, but against machines. for those, like me, who appreciate most parts of capitalism and what it’s done for progress and innovation, that’s a good thing.
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matt eagles has had parkinson's since he was 7. a brain implant gave him back his life wired health 2017 matt eagles has had parkinson's since he was 7. a brain implant gave him back his life
but it’ll take more than just a mind tapped into the cloud to be widely competitive in the overall job market. augmented limbs, bionic organs, and widespread use of exoskeleton technology will be needed to compete against robotic strength.
for years i’ve been supportive of a basic income, which would provide a monthly income for the poor – mostly because i saw it as the only logical way to keep people fed and housed, while still allowing for technological and economic evolution. now, with neural prosthetics and upgraded bodies, i see the future may, instead, be full of capitalistic enterprise, fuelled by transhumanist technologies that allow us to more closely resemble the machines.
that's not to say i'm abandoning my views on basic income. instead, i believe there will be another aspect to the future economy that isn’t only for the robot and ai manufacturers, but for hundreds of millions – maybe billions – of people willing to use tech to compete against machines. a future motto of humanity and capitalism might be: "if you can’t beat a machine, become one." as a radical science and technology advocate, that’s a philosophy i can support.
zoltan istvan is a futurist, author of the transhumanist wager, and a libertarian candidate for california governor.
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ˈrisərʧərz frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈlɪvərˌpul hæv kənˈdəktəd ə ˈstədi ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ðə ˈifɛkt ˈɛkstəsi həz ɔn ˈdɪfərənt pɑrts əv ðə breɪn. ˈdɑktər kɑrl ˈrɑbərts ənd ˈdɑktər ˈændru ʤoʊnz, frəm ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv saɪˈkɑləʤi, hɛlθ ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti, ənd ˈdɑktər ˈkæθi mɑntˈgəmri frəm ˈlɪvərˌpul ʤɑn mʊrz ˌjunəˈvərsəti kənˈdəktəd ən æˈnælɪsɪs əv ˈsɛvən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈstədiz ðət juzd məˈlɛkjələr ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə ˈifɛkt əv ˈɛkstəsi ɔn ˈpipəl ðət juz ðə drəg ˈrɛgjələrli. ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈstədiz hæv kəmˈpɛrd ˈɛkstəsi ˈjuzərz tɪ kənˈtroʊl grups ɔn ˈvɛriəs ˈmɛʒərz əv ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ dɪˈtərmən ˈwɛðər ˈɛkstəsi juz rɪˈzəlts ɪn ˈlæstɪŋ ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ˈdɛfɪsɪts. ˌɪmˈpæktɪŋ ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl riˈækʃənz ɪt ɪz ˈkɑmən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, fər ˈɛkstəsi ˈjuzərz tɪ juz ˈəðər drəgz əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ðə ˈsəbstəns, ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðə ˈlɪvərˌpul tim eɪmd tɪ dɪˈskəvər ˈwɛðər ðɪs hæd ˈɛni ˈbɛrɪŋ ɔn ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə drəg. ðə nərv ˈpæθˌweɪ ðət ɪz ˌprɪˈdɑmənənˌtli əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ˈɛkstəsi ɪz kɔld ðə sərəˈtoʊnɪn ˈpæθˌweɪ. sərəˈtoʊnɪn ɪz ə ðət ɪz ˈsɪnθɪˌsaɪzd, stɔrd, ənd riˈlist baɪ spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈnʊrɑnz ɪn ðɪs ˈpæθˌweɪ. ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈprɑsɛsəz wɪˈθɪn ðə breɪn, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ mud, ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz, əˈgrɛʃən, slip, ˈæpəˌtaɪt, æŋˈzaɪəti, ˈmɛməri, ənd pərˈsɛpʃənz. ðeɪ faʊnd ðət ˈɛkstəsi ˈjuzərz ʃoʊd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt rɪˈdəkʃənz ɪn ðə weɪ sərəˈtoʊnɪn ɪz trænˈspɔrtəd ɪn ðə breɪn. ðɪs kən hæv ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪŋ əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl riˈækʃənz tɪ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz. ðə ˈpeɪpər, ɛnˈtaɪtəld əv məˈlɛkjələr ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ əv sərəˈtoʊnɪn trænˈspɔrtərz ɪn ˈɛkstəsi users’*’, həz bɪn ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl əv nˈjʊroʊˌsaɪəns ənd rəvˈjuz. ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈdɑktər ˈrɑbərts, sɛd: ˈrisərʧ tim kənˈdəktəd ðə æˈnælɪsɪs ɔn ˈsɛvən ˈpeɪpərz ðət ˈfɪtɪd ɑr ˌɪnˈkluʒən kraɪˈtɪriə wɪʧ prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ ˈdætə frəm 157 ˈɛkstəsi ˈjuzərz ənd 148 kənˈtroʊlz. 11 aʊt əv ðə 14 breɪn ˈriʤənz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn æˈnælɪsɪs ʃoʊd sərəˈtoʊnɪn trænˈspɔrtər (sert*) rɪˈdəkʃənz ɪn ˈɛkstəsi ˈjuzərz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðoʊz hu tʊk ˈəðər drəgz. kənˈklud ðət, ɪn laɪn wɪθ ˈænəməl ˈdætə, ðə nərv fibres*, ər ˈækˌsɑnz, ˈfərθəst əˈweɪ frəm wɛr sərəˈtoʊnɪn ˈnʊrɑnz ər prəˈdust (ɪn ðə ˈnukliˌaɪ) ər moʊst səˈsɛptəbəl tɪ ðə ˈifɛkts əv. ðət ɪz tɪ seɪ ðət ðiz ˈɛriəz ʃoʊ ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ juz. ˈklɪnɪkəl sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns əv ðiz ˈfaɪndɪŋz ɪz ˈspɛkjələtɪv, ˌhaʊˈɛvər ɪt ɪz kənˈsivəbəl ðət ðə əbˈzərvd ˈifɛkts ɔn sərəˈtoʊnɪn ˈnʊrɑnz kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ mud ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ juz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈəðər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ˈfərðərˌmɔr ðə əbˈzərvd ˈifɛkts ɔn ðə sərəˈtoʊnɪn ˈsɪstəm ˌɪnˈfərd frəm ðə ˈkɑrənt æˈnælɪsɪs, meɪ ˈəndərˌpɪn ðə ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ˈdɛfɪsɪts əbˈzərvd ɪn ˈɛkstəsi ˈjuzərz. ˈstədi prəˈvaɪdz ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ ə ˈplætˌfɔrm fər ˈfərðər ˈrisərʧ ˈɪntu ðə ˈifɛkt lɔŋ tərm ˈkrɑnɪk ˈɛkstəsi juz kən hæv ɔn breɪn function.”*.” əˈbaʊt ðɪs nˈjʊroʊˌsaɪəns ˈrisərʧ sɔrs: ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈlɪvərˌpul ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪt: ðə ˈɪmɪʤ ɪz əˈdæptɪd frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈlɪvərˌpul prɛs riˈlis. ərˈɪʤənəl ˈrisərʧ: fʊl ˈoʊpən ˈækˌsɛs ˈrisərʧ fər əv məˈlɛkjələr ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ əv sərəˈtoʊnɪn trænˈspɔrtərz ɪn users”*” baɪ kɑrl ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈrɑbərts, ˈændru ʤoʊnz, ənd ˈkæθrɪn mɑntˈgəmri ɪn nˈjʊroʊˌsaɪəns ənd ˈrisərʧ. ˈpəblɪʃt ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 6 2016 ˈæbˌstrækt əv məˈlɛkjələr ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ əv sərəˈtoʊnɪn trænˈspɔrtərz ɪn ˈjuzərz wi kənˈdəktəd ə ɔn ðə əˈveɪləbəl ˈdætə frəm ˈstədiz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ɪn ˈɛkstəsi ˈjuzərz ənd ˈjuzɪŋ kənˈtroʊlz. frəm 7 ˈstədiz wi kəmˈpɛrd ˈdætə frəm 157 ˈɛkstəsi ˈjuzərz ənd 148 kənˈtroʊlz əˈkrɔs 14 breɪn ˈriʤənz. ðə meɪn ˈifɛkt səˈʤɛstɪd rɪˈleɪtɪd rɪˈdəkʃənz 95 zi pi 01 89 ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈifɛkt əv ˈsəbˌgrups 13 pi 01 səˈʤɛstɪd ˌdɪfərˈɛnʃəl ˈifɛkts əˈkrɔs breɪn rois*. ˈɛkstəsi ˈjuzərz ʃoʊd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt rɪˈdəkʃənz ɪn 11 aʊt əv ðə 14 ˈriʤənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈɛvəri ənd ˈriʤən analysed*. ˈgreɪtəst ˈifɛkts wər əbˈzərvd ɪn ðə ɑkˈsɪpətəl ˈkɔrtɛks 95 noʊ grup ˈifɛkts wər əbˈzərvd ɪn ˈɛriəz əv ðə caudate*, ənd midbrain*. ˈlɪtərəʧər ɔn riˈsɛptər ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ wɑz wɪθ ðiz rɪˈzəlts. wi kənˈklud ðət, ɪn laɪn wɪθ priˈklɪnɪkəl ˈdætə, sərəˈtoʊnɪn ˈækˌsɑnz wɪθ ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst prɑˈʤɛkʃənz frəm ðə ˈnukliˌaɪ əˈpɪr tɪ bi moʊst əˈfɛktɪd baɪ juz. əv məˈlɛkjələr ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ əv sərəˈtoʊnɪn trænˈspɔrtərz ɪn users”*” baɪ kɑrl ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈrɑbərts, ˈændru ʤoʊnz, ənd ˈkæθrɪn mɑntˈgəmri ɪn nˈjʊroʊˌsaɪəns ənd ˈrisərʧ. ˈpəblɪʃt ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 6 2016 fil fri tɪ ʃɛr ðɪs nˈjʊroʊˌsaɪəns nuz.
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researchers from the university of liverpool have conducted a study examining the effect ecstasy has on different parts of the brain.
dr carl roberts and dr andrew jones, from the university’s institute of psychology, health and society, and dr cathy montgomery from liverpool john moores university conducted an analysis of seven independent studies that used molecular imaging to examine the neuropsychological effect of ecstasy on people that use the drug regularly.
a number of studies have compared ecstasy users to control groups on various measures of neuropsychological function in order to determine whether ecstasy use results in lasting cognitive deficits.
impacting emotional reactions
it is common, however, for ecstasy users to use other drugs alongside the substance, and therefore the liverpool team aimed to discover whether this had any bearing on the impact of the drug.
the nerve pathway that is predominantly affected by ecstasy is called the serotonin pathway. serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is synthesized, stored, and released by specific neurons in this pathway. it is involved in the regulation of several processes within the brain, including mood, emotions, aggression, sleep, appetite, anxiety, memory, and perceptions.
they found that ecstasy users showed significant reductions in the way serotonin is transported in the brain. this can have a particular impact on regulating appropriate emotional reactions to situations.
the paper, entitled ‘meta-analysis of molecular imaging of serotonin transporters in ecstasy / polydrug users’, has been published in the journal of neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews.
psychobiological changes
dr roberts, said: “the research team conducted the analysis on seven papers that fitted our inclusion criteria which provided us with data from 157 ecstasy users and 148 controls. 11 out of the 14 brain regions included in analysis showed serotonin transporter (sert) reductions in ecstasy users compared to those who took other drugs.
“we conclude that, in line with animal data, the nerve fibres, or axons, furthest away from where serotonin neurons are produced (in the raphe nuclei) are most susceptible to the effects of mdma. that is to say that these areas show the greatest changes following mdma use.
“the clinical significance of these findings is speculative, however it is conceivable that the observed effects on serotonin neurons contribute to mood changes associated with ecstasy/mdma use, as well as other psychobiological changes. furthermore the observed effects on the serotonin system inferred from the current analysis, may underpin the cognitive deficits observed in ecstasy users.
“the study provides us with a platform for further research into the effect long term chronic ecstasy use can have on brain function.”
about this neuroscience research
source: university of liverpool
image credit: the image is adapted from the university of liverpool press release.
original research: full open access research for “meta-analysis of molecular imaging of serotonin transporters in ecstasy/polydrug users” by carl alexander roberts, andrew jones, and catharine montgomery in neuroscience and biobehavioral research. published online february 6 2016 doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.003
abstract
meta-analysis of molecular imaging of serotonin transporters in ecstasy/polydrug users
we conducted a meta-analysis on the available data from studies investigating serts in ecstasy users and polydrug using controls. from 7 studies we compared data from 157 ecstasy users and 148 controls across 14 brain regions. the main effect suggested ecstasy/mdma related sert reductions (smd = 0.52, 95% cis [0.40, 0.65]; z = 8.36, p < .01, i2 = 89%). a significant effect of subgroups (x2 = 37.41, df = 13, p < .01, i2 = 65.3%) suggested differential effects across brain rois. ecstasy users showed significant sert reductions in 11 out of the 14 regions, including every neocortical and limbic region analysed. greatest effects were observed in the occipital cortex (smd = 1.09, 95% cis [0.70, 1.48]). no group effects were observed in subcortical areas of the caudate, putamen and midbrain. literature on postsynaptic 5ht2a receptor imaging was synthesised with these results. we conclude that, in line with preclinical data, serotonin axons with the longest projections from the raphe nuclei appear to be most affected by ecstasy/mdma use.
“meta-analysis of molecular imaging of serotonin transporters in ecstasy/polydrug users” by carl alexander roberts, andrew jones, and catharine montgomery in neuroscience and biobehavioral research. published online february 6 2016 doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.003
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the value of each grand prize is $5,500 .
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ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃənɪsts təˈdeɪ heɪld ðə ˈsoʊʃəˌlaɪt ˈpɛrɪs ˈhɪltən, hu wɑz kənˈvɪktəd əv drɪŋk ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr, fər əˈpɛrəntli traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ðə ˈprɑbləm əv ˈɛləfənts ɪn ˈɪndiə. ˈæktɪvɪsts sɛd ðə səˈlɛbrɪti ɛnˈdɔrsmənt wʊd reɪz əˈwɛrnəs əv ðə plaɪt əv ðət gɑt drəŋk ɔn ˈfɑrmərz' ˈhoʊˈmeɪd raɪs bɪr ənd wɛnt ɔn ðə ˈræmˌpeɪʤ. læst mənθ, sɪks waɪld ˈɛləfənts ðət broʊk ˈɪntu ə fɑrm ɪn ðə steɪt əv wər ˌɪˈlɛktrəˌkjutɪd ˈæftər dɪˈskəvərɪŋ ənd ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ðə ˈpoʊtənt bru ˌbiˈfɔr əˈprutɪŋ ən ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti ˈpaɪˌlɑn. "ðɛr wʊd hæv bɪn mɔr ˈkæʒəwəltiz ɪf ðə ˈvɪlɪʤərz ˈhædənt ʧeɪst ðɛm əˈweɪ," ˈhɪltən wɑz kˈwoʊtɪd ɛz seɪɪŋ ɪn ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ læst wik əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə rɪˈpɔrt ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ðə wərld ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt nuz ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. "ənd fɔr ˈɛləfənts daɪd ɪn ə ˈsɪmələr weɪ θri jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ɪt ɪz ʤɪst soʊ sæd. "ðə ˈɛləfənts gɪt drəŋk ɔl ðə taɪm. ɪt ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈrɪli ˈdeɪnʤərəs. wi nid tɪ stɑp ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈælkəˌhɑl əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ðɛm." goswami*, hu hɛdz ðə ˈænəməl raɪts grup ˈpipəl fər ˈænəməlz, æm ˌɪnˈdid ˈhæpi ˈhɪltən həz ˈteɪkən noʊt əv ˈrisənt ˈɪnsədənts əv waɪld ˈɛləfənts ɪn ˌnɔrˈθist ˈɪndiə goʊɪŋ bərˈsərk ˈæftər ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈhoʊˈmeɪd raɪs bɪr ənd ˈgɪtɪŋ kɪld. "ɛz pɑrt əv hər ˈgloʊbəl ˈɛləfənt kæmˈpeɪn, ˈhɪltən ʃʊd, ɪn fækt, θɪŋk əv ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ðɪs ˈriʤən [wɪʧ ɪz] ˈlɪtərəli ˌɪnˈfɛstɪd wɪθ ˈɛləfənts." waɪl ˈwɛlkəmɪŋ ˈhɪltənz ˈɪntəˌrɛst, əˈnəðər ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃənɪst sɛd ˈɛləfənt ˈælkəˌhɑl əˈbjuz wɑz ʤɪst ə ˈsɪmptəm əv ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈprɑbləm. "ˈɛləfənts əˈpɪr ɔn ˈjumən ˈsɛtəlmənts bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæv noʊ ˈhæbəˌtæt lɛft du tɪ ˈwɔntən dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ˈfɔrəsts," dutta*, hu hɛdz ˈneɪʧərz ˈbɛkən, ə ˈriʤənəl ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən grup, sɛd. "ə səˈlɛbrɪti laɪk ˈhɪltən məst ˈfoʊkɪs hər əˈtɛnʃən ɔn ðɪs fækt." ˈhɪltənz ˈpəblɪsɪst kʊd nɑt bi riʧt fər ˈkɑmɛnt. ðə ˈɛrəs ˈprɑməst tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv hər bæd gərl ˈɪmɪʤ wɪn ʃi kəmˈplitɪd ə ʤeɪl ˈsɛntəns ɪn ʤun fər ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ proʊˈbeɪʃən ɪn ən ˈrɛkləs ˈdraɪvɪŋ keɪs. ʃi əˈnaʊnst plænz tɪ du ˈʧɛrɪti wərk ɪn ˌruˈɑndə fər ðə pleɪɪŋ fər gʊd faʊnˈdeɪʃən, bət ðə trɪp wɑz poʊstˈpoʊnd ənˈtɪl nɛkst jɪr.
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conservationists today hailed the socialite paris hilton, who was convicted of drink driving earlier this year, for apparently trying to highlight the problem of binge-drinking elephants in north-eastern india.
activists said the celebrity endorsement would raise awareness of the plight of pachyderms that got drunk on farmers' homemade rice beer and went on the rampage.
last month, six wild elephants that broke into a farm in the state of meghalaya were electrocuted after discovering and drinking the potent brew before uprooting an electricity pylon.
"there would have been more casualties if the villagers hadn't chased them away," hilton was quoted as saying in tokyo last week according to a report posted on the world entertainment news network website. "and four elephants died in a similar way three years ago. it is just so sad.
"the elephants get drunk all the time. it is becoming really dangerous. we need to stop making alcohol available to them."
sangeeta goswami, who heads the animal rights group people for animals, said:"i am indeed happy hilton has taken note of recent incidents of wild elephants in north-east india going berserk after drinking homemade rice beer and getting killed.
"as part of her global elephant campaign, hilton should, in fact, think of visiting this region [which is] literally infested with elephants."
while welcoming hilton's interest, another conservationist said elephant alcohol abuse was just a symptom of a larger problem.
"elephants appear on human settlements ... because they have no habitat left due to wanton destruction of forests," soumyadeep dutta, who heads nature's beckon, a regional conservation group, said. "a celebrity like hilton must focus her attention on this fact."
hilton's publicist could not be reached for comment. the heiress promised to improve her bad girl image when she completed a three-week jail sentence in june for violating probation in an alcohol-related reckless driving case.
she announced plans to do charity work in rwanda for the playing for good foundation, but the trip was postponed until next year.
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ɪt kænt bi ɔl ʃoʊɪŋ ɔf ənd ˈtɔkɪŋ ʃɪt. ðɛr həz tɪ bi ə ˈbæləns. fju ˈpipəl ər mɔr kˈwɑləˌfaɪd tɪ spik ɔn ðə ənd əv ˈhɪˌphɔp ðən θruaʊt hɪz kərɪr, ˈfɔrti həz ˌpaɪəˈnɪrd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən, ɪnˈdʊrd ˈkaʊntləs ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ trɛnz ɪn ðə ˈkəlʧər, ənd həz ˈmænɪʤd tɪ steɪ ˈrɛləvənt ənd səkˈsɛsfəl θru ɪt ɔl. ðət kaɪnd əv lɔnˈʤɛvəti ɪz ˈstægərˌɪŋ, ənd ðə mɔr aɪ lərn əˈbaʊt ðə kərɪr əv ərl ˈstivənz, ðə mɔr aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət lək həz hæd ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl tɪ du wɪθ hɪz səkˈsɛs. ɪz ə ˈbrɪljənt ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn, ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli proʊˈlɪfɪk ˈɑrtɪst, ənd æt ˈnɪrli 50-years-old*, ðə beɪ ˈɛriə ˈlɛʤənd stɪl həz ə ˈsɑləd græsp ɔn hɪz ˈpərpəs wɪˈθɪn ˈhɪˌphɔp. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt θæŋks fər ˈwɑʧɪŋ! ˈvɪzɪt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ɪn ə nu ˈproʊˌfaɪl wɪθ ðə ˈfeɪdər, ʃɛrd səm ˈvæljəbəl ˈɪnˌsaɪts wɪθ ˈɔθər ˈwɪli ˈsteɪli rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ hɪz ˌɪnˈsɪstəns ɔn rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ɪn ðə geɪm: ɔn ðə weɪ bæk frəm ðə ˈwɔrjərz geɪm, wi wər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt hɪz nu ˈælbəm, 'ðə ˈdaɪəri,' ənd kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri trɛnz ɪn ræp mˈjuzɪk, ənd hi ˈmɛnʃənd ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ˈbɑðərz ɪm: ˈræpərz hu du ˈnəθɪŋ bət ʃoʊ ɔf ənd tɔk ʃɪt. ju ɪn ðɪs geɪm tɪ tiʧ ˈsəmˌbɑdi ˈsəmθɪŋ, tɪ traɪ tɪ ˈəplɪft ðɛr ˈspɪrɪt ər gɪv ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə fək duɪŋ, ju bi rapping,”*,” hi sɛd. əp aʊt əv ɑr game.”*.” ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt θæŋks fər ˈwɑʧɪŋ! ˈvɪzɪt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt θæŋks fər ˈwɑʧɪŋ! ˈvɪzɪt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt aɪ æst ɪm wət sɔrt əv ræp ˈbɑðərd ɪm ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr. ““bragging,”*,” hi sɛd. kən bi 10 pərˈsɛnt ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən, bət ðə 90 pərˈsɛnt ɪz, laɪk, ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl ˈlɪvɪŋ laɪk ðət. mæn, æt list ʃoʊ haʊ tɪ gɪt aʊt əv ɪt. tiʧ səm ˈbɪznɪs skɪlz ənd səm weɪz tɪ flɪp ðə ˈməni. bət, nɑ, ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ du that.”*.” hi kənˈtɪnjud, ˈgɪtɪŋ stɪl mɔr wərkt əp: ju duɪŋ ˈnəθɪŋ fər ðə ˈʧɪldrən, ju ə bɪʧ muthafucka*. fək ju ənd ˌwəˈtɛvər hɔrs ju roʊd ɪn ɔn! aɪ gɪv ə fək əˈbaʊt jʊr bentleys*, jʊr ˈfænəmz, jʊr ləgˈʒəriəs kɑz. ɪf ju duɪŋ ˈnəθɪŋ fər ðə kɪdz, ju ə bɪʧ boy.”*.” ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ˌɪnˈdaɪtmənt əv ɪz ɪgˈzæktli ðə taɪp əv kənˈstrəktɪv ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ðət ˈhɪˌphɔp nidz təˈdeɪ. ðɪs ə ˈvɛtərən ˈɛmˈsi seɪɪŋ ɪz dead,”*,” ðɪs ɪz ən ˈɛmˈsi stɪl nɪr ðə tɔp əv hɪz geɪm ˈkɔlɪŋ aʊt spɪˈsɪfɪk ɪlz ðət ˈwɪtnəst ɪn ən ˈɪndəstri dɪˈvoʊtɪd hɪz laɪf tɪ, ənd ˈtoʊtəli raɪt. bɪˈkəm ɔl bət ɪkˈspɛktənt əv ðə sɔrt əv əp ˈɑpjələns ɪz ˈrɛfərənsɪŋ ɪn hɪz ˌɪmˈpæʃənd ˈpeɪʤɪz fʊl əv kæʃ brɪks ənd ˈfɔrən kɑz, ɪnˈtaɪər sɔŋz ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ˈkɑpɪŋ ˌwəˈtɛvər haɪ ˈfæʃən ˈneɪmˌseɪk ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈdɑməˌneɪtɪŋ ðə ˈkəlʧər. hɛl, jəŋ sˈnæˌpʧæt əˈloʊn ɪz nɪr 95 dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ðə flæʃ ɔn hɪz foʊn tɪ ækˈsɛnʧueɪt hɪz ˈleɪtəst ˈdaɪmənd ˈpərʧəs. həz bɪn ə pɑrt əv ˈhɪˌphɔp fər ˈdɛkeɪdz, ənd ˈfɔrti hɪmˈsɛlf ɪz noʊ ˈstreɪnʤər tɪ ˈboʊstfəl bɑrz, bət ɛz ðə ˈlɛʤənd hɪmˈsɛlf ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt, ðɛr nidz tɪ bi ə ˈbæləns. ˈnəθɪŋ rɔŋ wɪθ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪɪŋ ðə fruts əv jʊr ˈleɪbər, bət ɪf nɑt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈəðərz tɪ ˈbɛtər ðɛr oʊn ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz, duɪŋ ˈlɪtəl tɪ hɛlp ðə ˈkəlʧər ənd ðoʊz ðət lʊk tɪ ɪt fər ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən. əv kɔrs, pɑrt əv ðə ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən ˈlɪsənərz gɪt frəm ˈhɪˌphɔp ɪz frəm ðə ˈbrægɪŋ. ɪt ɪz ɪmˈpaʊərɪŋ tɪ si ˈsəmˌwən hu wəns ˈstrəgəld ʤɪst laɪk ju ræp əˈbaʊt ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˈpraɪvət ʤɛt flaɪts ənd ˈoʊvərˌpraɪst ˈdɛnəm, bət ˈoʊnli tɪ ə ˈsərtən ɪkˈstɛnt. nɑt ˈoʊnli dɪz ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈflɔntɪŋ ˈɔfər ˈlɪtəl tɪ noʊ ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ər ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən tɪ ˈlɪsənərz fər haʊ tɪ əˈʧiv ðɛr oʊn səkˈsɛs, ˈstədiz hæv ʃoʊn ðət ɪt həz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ du mɔr hɑrm ðən gʊd fər boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. ðɛr wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi rum fər ˈɛvəri staɪl ˈəndər ðə sən wɪˈθɪn ˈhɪˌphɔp, rəˈgɑrdləs əv wət ˈɛni dɪˈtræktərz maɪt seɪ, bət wɪn ən ˈɛmˈsi ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ˈræŋgəl səkˈsɛs fər ˈoʊvər ˈθərˌdi jɪrz ˈɔfərz əp səm geɪm, ˈprɑbəˌbli bɛst tɪ ˈlɪsən. baɪ brɛnt ˈbrædli. ˈfɑloʊ ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈkɑrloʊs
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it can't be all showing off and talking shit. there has to be a balance.
few people are more qualified to speak on the do’s and don’ts of hip-hop than e-40.
throughout his 30-plus-year career, forty has pioneered independent distribution, endured countless changing trends in the culture, and has managed to stay relevant and successful through it all.
that kind of longevity is staggering, and the more i learn about the career of earl stevens, the more i realize that luck has had very little to do with his success. e-40 is a brilliant businessman, an incredibly prolific artist, and at nearly 50-years-old, the bay area legend still has a solid grasp on his purpose within hip-hop.
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in a new profile with the fader, e-40 shared some valuable insights with author willy staley regarding his insistence on remaining in the game:
on the way back from the warriors game, we were talking about his new album, 'the d-boy diary,' and contemporary trends in rap music, and he mentioned something that bothers him: rappers who do nothing but show off and talk shit. “if you ain’t in this game to teach somebody something, to try to uplift their spirit or give ‘em motivation about whatever the fuck they’re doing, you shouldn’t be rapping,” he said. “get up out of our game.”
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i asked him what sort of rap bothered him in particular. “bragging,” he said. “which can be 10 percent motivation, but the 90 percent is, like, a lot of people ain’t living like that. man, at least show ‘em how to get out of it. teach ‘em some business skills and some ways to flip the money. but, nah, they don’t want to do that.” he continued, getting still more worked up: “if you ain’t doing nothing for the children, you a bitch muthafucka. fuck you and whatever horse you rode in on! i don’t give a fuck about your bentleys, your phantoms, your luxurious cars. if you ain’t doing nothing for the kids, you a bitch boy.”
forty’s animated indictment of today’s overly-braggadocious emcees is exactly the type of constructive criticism that hip-hop needs today.
this a veteran emcee saying “hip-hop is dead,” this is an emcee still near the top of his game calling out specific ills that he’s witnessed in an industry he’s devoted his life to, and he’s totally right.
we’ve become all but expectant of the sort of amped up opulence e-40 is referencing in his impassioned critique—the instagram pages full of cash bricks and foreign cars, entire songs dedicated to copping whatever high fashion namesake is currently dominating the culture. hell, young thug’s snapchat alone is near 95% devoted to using the flash on his phone to accentuate his latest diamond purchase.
flossing has been a part of hip-hop for decades, and forty himself is no stranger to boastful bars, but as the legend himself pointed out, there needs to be a balance. there’s nothing wrong with enjoying the fruits of your labor, but if you’re not also helping others to better their own circumstances, you’re doing little to help the culture and those that look to it for motivation.
of course, part of the motivation listeners get from hip-hop is from the bragging. it is empowering to see someone who once struggled just like you rap about and enjoy private jet flights and overpriced denim, but only to a certain extent.
not only does one-dimensional social media flaunting offer little to no explanation or motivation to listeners for how to achieve their own success, studies have shown that it has the potential to do more harm than good for both parties involved.
there will always be room for every style under the sun within hip-hop, regardless of what any detractors might say, but when an emcee who’s managed to wrangle success for over thirty years offers up some game, probably best to listen.
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by brent bradley. follow him on twitter.
photo credit: carlos chavarría
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ˈraɪli ‘‘warmachine’*’ ɪz tu jɪrz ˈjəŋgər ðən hɪz ˈsɪstər, ənd kəˈlɛkts ˈækəˌleɪdz ɛz ˈɔfən ɛz hər. hi tu ʤɪst rɪˈtərnd hoʊm frəm ˈaɪəwə wɪθ ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp bɛlt ɪn hɪz dɪˈvɪʒən, ənd ɪz rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ˈbæŋkɑk tɪ kleɪm goʊld ɪn ðə weɪt klæs fər ə ˈsɛkənd jɪr ɪn ə roʊ. hi ləvz ðə ˈfæməli ˈætməsˌfɪr æt, hɪz hoʊm əˈweɪ frəm hoʊm. θɪŋk wən əv maɪ ˈbɪgəst əˈkɑmplɪʃmənts soʊ fɑr wɑz ˈwɪnɪŋ goʊld ɪn ˈbæŋkɑk læst jɪr. nɑt bɪˈkəz aɪ wən ðə goʊld ɪnˈtaɪərli, bət bɪˈkəz aɪ fɔt ðə bɛst ənd ɪt meɪd mi ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət aɪ dɪˈzərvd tɪ bi ðɛr. ɔn tɔp əv ðət, biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ faɪt ənd wɪn əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd maɪ daʊt ˈmɛni ˈpipəl wɪl gɪt ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ du ðə same,”*,” sɪz ˈraɪli. wəns ə ʃaɪ kɪd, ˈraɪli ˈjutəˌlaɪzd ɛz ə ˈviɪkəl tɪ gɪt ɪm aʊt əv hɪz ʃɛl. ˈæftər 7 jɪrz əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪn ðə spɔrt, hi həz əˈmæst ən ˈrɛkərd ɪn ˈsæŋkʃənd ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən, wɪθ ə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈrɛkərd əv ɪn laɪt ˈkɑnˌtækt ɪˈvɛnts. laɪk hɪz ˈsɪstər, hi ɪz ə smɑrt ˈæθˌlit wɪθ ə greɪt əˈbɪləˌti tɪ pʊʃ ðə peɪs wɪn hi nidz tɪ. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ɛmˈbreɪsɪz ðə ˈkəlʧər əv, ənd ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ðət ðɛr ɪz fɑr mɔr tɪ ðə spɔrt ðən ʤɪst ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən. æm soʊ praʊd tɪ bi ɔn ðɪs ˈʤərni wɪθ səˈvænə, ɑr ˈfæməli, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈklud ɑr ˈtimˌmeɪts ənd ˈkoʊʧɪz, hu ər laɪk ˈfæməli. ðɛr səˈpɔrt ənd dɪˈvoʊʃən həz fɔrmd ə laɪf bɑnd. ðə ˈbɪgəst wɪn ɪn maɪ ˈʤərni əˈbaʊt bɛlts ənd ˈtaɪtəlz. ˈmeɪkɪŋ laɪf lɔŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ɪz wət ɔl about.”*.” waɪz bɪɔnd hɪz jɪrz. ˈraɪli ɛmˈbɑdiz ðə ˈspɪrɪt əv ðiz juθ wərld ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps. hɪz ˈsɛkənd ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt ɪz əˈnəðər stɛp əˈlɔŋ hɪz ˈʤərni tɪ wən deɪ kəmˈpitɪŋ fər ˈkænədə æt ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪk geɪmz. ðə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt 2 əv 5 ˈæθˌlits frəm ʤɪm ɪn hu wɪl bi ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ˈkænədə æt ðə wərld juθ ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps ɪn ˈbæŋkɑk. ðə seɪɪŋ, ˈʃɑrpənz iron”*” ɪz ˈɛvədənt æt, wɪʧ kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈproʊdus haɪ kˈwɑləti hu hæv gɔn ɔn tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈkænədə wɪθ praɪd æt ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪˈvɛnts.
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riley ‘warmachine’ foden is two years younger than his sister, and collects accolades as often as her. he too just returned home from iowa with the championship belt in his division, and is returning to bangkok to claim gold in the 45kg weight class for a second year in a row. he loves the family atmosphere at kalsamrit, his home away from home. “i think one of my biggest accomplishments so far was winning gold in bangkok last year. not because i won the gold entirely, but because i fought the world’s best and it made me realize that i deserved to be there. on top of that, being able to fight and win alongside my sister…i doubt many people will get the opportunity to do the same,” says riley.
once a shy kid, riley utilized muaythai as a vehicle to get him out of his shell. after 7 years of training in the sport, he has amassed an 18-2 record in sanctioned competition, with a perfect record of 13-0 in light contact events. like his sister, he is a smart forward-moving athlete with a great ability to push the pace when he needs to. he also embraces the culture of muaythai, and recognizes that there is far more to the sport than just competition. “i am so proud to be on this journey with savannah, our family, which include our teammates and coaches, who are like family. their support and devotion has formed a life bond. the biggest win in my journey isn’t about belts and titles. making life long relationships is what it’s all about.” wise beyond his years. riley embodies the spirit of these ifma youth world championships. his second visit to the tournament is another step along his journey to one day competing for canada at the olympic games.
the foden’s represent 2 of 5 athletes from kalsamrit gym in bowmanville who will be representing canada at the world youth championships in bangkok. the saying, “iron sharpens iron” is evident at kalsamrit, which continue to produce high quality nak muay who have gone on to represent canada with pride at international events.
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ənˈtɪl ˈeɪprəl əv ðɪs jɪr, ˈeɪprəl sændz wɑz ən əˈtərni æt ðə ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz (fec*) ɛnˈfɔrsmənt dɪˈvɪʒən. ðət dɪˈvɪʒən ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əv ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz lɔ ˈʤɛnərəli ənd ɪz spəˈsɪfɪkli ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ "əˈlɛʤd vaɪəˈleɪʃənz əv ðə lɔ" ənd wɛl ɛz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃənz tɪ ðə əˈbaʊt "əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈækʃən tɪ teɪk wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ əˈpɛrənt vaɪəˈleɪʃənz." ˈdʊrɪŋ hər taɪm æt ðə, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, sændz sɛnt aʊt ˈnumərəs ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ səˈpɔrt fər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd ˈəðər ˈdɛməˌkræts, əˈpoʊzɪŋ rɪˈpəblɪkənz, ənd ˈivɪn ɪkˈsplɪsətli ˈərʤɪŋ ˈfɑloʊərz tɪ ˈdoʊˌneɪt tɪ ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈkænədɪt. ɪn hər, sɛnt frəm ðə ˈhændəl @reignofapril*, sændz ɪkˈsprɛst ən ˌɪnˈtɛns dɪsˈlaɪk əv rɪˈpəblɪkənz. "aɪ ʤɪst ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ ˈɛniˌwən bət streɪt waɪt mɛn kən voʊt rɪˈpəblɪkən. wət kaɪnd əv dɪˈluʒənəl rɪˈtɔrɪkəl dɪz wən juz?" ʃi ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ əv 2012 "ɪf stɪl ˈkɔlɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf ə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈæftər ðə #waronwomen*, ðɛr ˈsteɪtɪd ˈplætˌfɔrm, birtherism*, ju ər maɪ ˈɛnəmi," ʃi roʊt ɪn ˈɔgəst əv ðə seɪm jɪr. ʃi ˈnoʊtɪd hər oʊn doʊˈneɪʃənz, ənd pʊʃt ˈəðərz tɪ gɪv ɛz wɛl. "ɑr ˈbərθˌdeɪ ɪz ˈɔgəst 4 bi 51 ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪŋ æt list 51 tɪ gɪv ɪm ðə bɛst ˈbərθˌdeɪ ˈprɛzənt ˈɛvər: ə ˈsɛkənd tərm," ʃi sɛd ɪn ə ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2012 twit. "ˈdoʊˌneɪt tɪ [ðə tˈwɪtər ˈhændəl əv məˈzʊri ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk sɛn. klɛr məˈkæskəl] təˈdeɪ," ʃi ðə nɛkst mənθ. "ˈrɑmni ɪz toʊst," sɛd ə ˈmɛsɪʤ sɛnt ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər. "bət kænt du ɪt ɔl ɔn hɪz oʊn. doʊnt fərˈgɛt kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈreɪsɪz. wi nid ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk swip. steɪ ˈfoʊkɪst." sændz ɪz, əv kɔrs, ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ hər pəˈlɪtɪkəl əˈpɪnjənz, ˌwəˈtɛvər ðeɪ ər. bət ɛz ən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv brænʧ ɪmˈplɔɪi, ʃi wɑz proʊˈhɪbətəd frəm ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ˈpɑrtəzən pəˈlɪtɪkəl ækˈtɪvɪti waɪl ɔn ˈduti ɪn ə ˈfɛdərəl ˈwərkˌpleɪs. ðə hæʧ ækt, wɪʧ ˈpleɪsɪz ˈlɪmɪts ɔn səʧ ækˈtɪvɪti, ˈɔlsoʊ meɪks ɪt ə kraɪm fər ɪmˈplɔɪiz tɪ səˈlɪsɪt ˈməni ɪn kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ ən ɪˈlɛkʃən "waɪl ɪn ˈɛni rum ər ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd ɪn ðə ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤ əv əˈfɪʃəl ˈdutiz." dɪd sændz ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ˈkrɪmənəl ækˈtɪvɪti? ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈspɛʃəl ˈkaʊnsəl ənd ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈɔfəs ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd sands’*’ bɪˈheɪvjər, ənd læst ˈeɪprəl, əˈnaʊnst ðət ʃi hæd rɪˈzaɪnd ɛz pɑrt əv ə ˈsɛtəlmənt əˈgrimənt. sændz ədˈmɪtəd tɪ kənˈdəktɪŋ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ækˈtɪvɪti, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ, ɔn tˈwɪtər, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ tɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ pɑrt ɪn ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl dɪˈskəʃən ˈjuzɪŋ ə waɪl ɪn ən ˈkɑnfərəns rum. ʃi wɑz ɔn ˈduti æt ðə taɪm. bət ɛz ə ˈlɛtər frəm haʊs ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt kəˈmɪti ˈʧɛrmən ˈdɛrəl ˈɪsə (r-ca*.) ənd ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri əˈfɛrz ˈsəbkəˈmɪti ˈʧɛrmən ʤɪm ˈʤɔrdən (r-oh*.) noʊts, ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən stɑpt ʃɔrt əv pərˈsuɪŋ ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʧɑrʤɪz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈlɛtər, wɪʧ prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈbækˌgraʊnd ɔn sændz ənd ˈkɑpiz əv hər, sændz' kəmˈpjutər hɑrd draɪv wɑz riˈsaɪkəld, ənd ɪts ˈrɛkərdz waɪpt, ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈʤɛnərəl kʊd gɪt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ɪt. "ðə baɪəs ɪgˈzɪbətəd [baɪ sands’*’] ɪz ˈstraɪkɪŋ," ðə ˈlɛtər sɪz, "əˈspɛʃəli fər ən əˈtərni ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs ˈfɛdərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən lɔz ˈfɛrli ənd dɪˈspæʃənətli." ðə ˈlɛtər rɪkˈwɛsts ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ haʊ ðə ˈmænɪʤd tɪ lɛt sands’*’ hɑrd draɪv bi riˈsaɪkəld. ðə ɑd ˈkɪkər tɪ ðə ˈstɔri: praɪər tɪ 2001 lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə wər sɛnt, sænd wərkt æt ðə ˈəndər ðə ˌsupərˈvɪʒən əv loʊəs ˈlərnər, hu fər ðə læst jɪr həz bɪn æt ðə ˈsɛnər əv ən ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ˈpɑsəbəl ˈtɑrgətɪŋ əv kənˈsərvətɪv ˌnɑnˈprɔfɪt grups baɪ ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈrɛvəˌnu ˈsərvɪs (ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs). ˈlərnər ˈhɛdɪd ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs ˈɔfəs ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv tæks ɪgˈzɛmpʃənz, bət həz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət ˈmɛni əv hər iˈmeɪlz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə taɪm freɪm ˈəndər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈkænɑt bi prəˈdust fər kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz. hər hɑrd draɪv kræʃt lɛs ðən tu wiks ˈæftər ðə haʊs sɛnt ɪts fərst ˈlɛtər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ˈskrutəni əv ˌnɑnˈprɔfɪt grups, ənd ɪt kʊd nɑt bi rɪˈstɔrd, prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz frəm ˈækˌsɛsɪŋ ɪts ˈkɑntɛnts. ðɛr ɪz noʊ dɪˈrɛkt kəˈnɛkʃən bɪtˈwin ðə riˈsaɪkəlɪŋ əv sands’*’ hɑrd draɪv ənd kənˈvinjəntli taɪmd kræʃ. bət, əˈspɛʃəli wɪn kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ðə fækt ðət sɪks ˈəðər ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs ɪmˈplɔɪiz hæv əˈpɛrəntli ˈɔlsoʊ lɔst ˈrɛkərd, æt list wən bɪˈkəz əv əˈnəðər kəmˈpjutər kræʃ, ɪt dɪz əˈpɪr ðət ˈfɛdərəl ɪmˈplɔɪiz ər ˈhævɪŋ ə rɪˈmɑrkəbli ˈdɪfəkəlt taɪm meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈrɛkərdz ðət maɪt bi ˈjusfəl tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz.
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until april of this year, april sands was an attorney at the federal elections commission’s (fec) enforcement division. that division is responsible for enforcement of federal elections law generally and is specifically charged with investigating "alleged violations of the law" and well as making recommendations to the fec about "appropriate action to take with respect to apparent violations."
during her time at the fec, however, sands sent out numerous tweets expressing support for president obama and other democrats, opposing republicans, and even explicitly urging followers to donate to a democratic candidate.
in her tweets, sent from the handle @reignofapril, sands expressed an intense dislike of republicans.
"i just understand how anyone but straight white men can vote republican. what kind of delusional rhetorical does one use?" she tweeted in july of 2012.
"if you’re still calling yourself a republican after the #waronwomen, their stated rnc platform, & birtherism, you are my enemy," she wrote in august of the same year.
she noted her own donations, and pushed others to give as well. "our #potus’s birthday is august 4. he’ll be 51. i’m donating at least $51 to give him the best birthday present ever: a second term," she said in a july 2012 tweet. "donate to @clairecmc [the twitter handle of missouri democratic sen. claire mccaskill] today," she tweeted the next month. "romney is toast," said a message sent in september. "but potus can't do it all on his own. don't forget congressional races. we need a democratic sweep. stay focused."
sands is, of course, entitled to her political opinions, whatever they are. but as an executive branch employee, she was prohibited from engaging in partisan political activity while on duty in a federal workplace. the hatch act, which places limits on such activity, also makes it a crime for employees to solicit money in connection with an election "while in any room or building occupied in the discharge of official duties."
did sands engage in criminal activity? the fec’s office of special counsel and inspector general’s office investigated sands’ behavior, and last april, announced that she had resigned as part of a settlement agreement. sands admitted to conducting political activity, including fundraising, on twitter, and also to taking part in a political discussion using a webcam while in an fec conference room. she was on duty at the time.
but as a letter from house oversight committee chairman darrell issa (r-ca.) and regulatory affairs subcommittee chairman jim jordan (r-oh.) notes, the investigation stopped short of pursuing criminal charges.
according to the letter, which provided background on sands and copies of her tweets, sands' computer hard drive was recycled, and its records wiped, before the fec’s inspector general could get access to it.
"the bias exhibited [by sands’ tweets] is striking," the letter says, "especially for an attorney charged with the responsibility to enforce federal election laws fairly and dispassionately." the letter requests comprehensive information explaining how the fec managed to let sands’ hard drive be recycled.
the odd kicker to the story: prior to 2001, long before the tweets were sent, sand worked at the fec under the supervision of lois lerner, who for the last year has been at the center of an ongoing congressional investigation into possible targeting of conservative non-profit groups by the internal revenue service (irs). lerner headed the irs office in charge of tax exemptions, but has indicated that many of her emails during the time frame under investigation cannot be produced for congressional investigators. her hard drive crashed less than two weeks after the house sent its first letter investigating scrutiny of non-profit groups, and it could not be restored, preventing investigators from accessing its contents.
there is no direct connection between the recycling of sands’ hard drive and lerner’s conveniently timed crash. but, especially when combined with the fact that six other irs employees have apparently also lost record, at least one because of another computer crash, it does appear that federal employees are having a remarkably difficult time maintaining electronic records that might be useful to investigators.
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ˈəpˌdeɪt: ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən fər ðɪs ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪz naʊ kloʊzd. wi hæd ə greɪt rɪˈspɑns 81 ˈæplɪkənts!) ənd wi θæŋk ˈɛvriˌwən hu əˈplaɪd ənd ɪkˈsprɛst ðɛr ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ənd səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ. pliz fil fri tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðɪs saɪt tɪ gɪt ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd wɪn ðə nɛkst ˈbɔstən ˈɛriə strit ˈmɛdɪk ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈhæpənz, ər ˈfɑloʊ ˈdɪʤɪtəl strit ˈmɛdɪk ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd ʤɔɪn ðə grup strit ˈmɛdɪk ˈtreɪnɪŋ: ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd folks”*”. ˈmɛdɪks, ər ˈækʃən ˈmɛdɪks, ər ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz wɪθ ˈvɛriɪŋ dɪˈgriz əv ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈtreɪnɪŋ hu əˈtɛnd ˈproʊˌtɛsts ənd ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈmɛdɪkəl kɛr səʧ ɛz fərst eɪd. ənˈlaɪk ˈimərʤənsi ˈmɛdɪkəl tɛkˈnɪʃənz (emts*), hu wərk fər ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz, strit ˈmɛdɪks ˈɔpərˌeɪt ɛz səˈvɪljənz ənd ər nɑt prəˈtɛktɪd frəm arrest.”*.” frəm ðə strit ˈmɛdɪk ˈwɪˌki, ðɪs kɔrs ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd ɛz ə kəmˈplit ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ ˈækʃən ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈnɑlɪʤ ənd skɪlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈbeɪsɪk fərst eɪd, strit ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ənd ˈtæktɪks, ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl fərst eɪd ənd aftercare*, ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈwɛpənz ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd ˈtritmənt, ənd ˈækʃən priˈpɛrədnəs. ðə kəmˈpliʃən əv ðɪs kɔrs wɪl priˈpɛr ju tɪ sərv ɛz ə strit ˈmɛdɪk æt pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈækʃənz. strit ˈmɛdɪks ər ˈɔlsoʊ ə sɔrs əv hɛlθ kɛr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd ˈrisɔrsɪz ɪn ðɛr kəmˈjunɪtiz, ənd soʊ ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪz ˈoʊpən tɪ ˈɛniˌwən hu ˈwɪʃɪz tɪ geɪn ˈgreɪtər fərst eɪd ˈnɑlɪʤ tɪ juz ɪn ðɛr lɪvz ənd tɪ ʃɛr wɪθ ˈəðərz. waɪl ðə ˈfoʊkɪs wɪl bi ɔn ˈərbən strit ˈproʊˌtɛsts, məʧ əv ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn ðɪs ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈæpləkəbəl tɪ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz ənd kəmˈjunɪti fərst eɪd nidz. ðɪs ɪz ən ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪv, fʊl ˈwiˌkɪnd kɔrs wɪθ wən ˈivnɪŋ ˈsɛʃən ənd tu lɔŋ ˈdeɪˌtaɪm ˈsɛʃənz, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈæmpəl ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˌhænˈzɔn skɪlz ˈpræktɪs ɪn ˌriəˈlɪstɪk sɪˈnɛrioʊz. ju du nɑt nid tɪ hæv ˈɛni ˈpriviəs ˈmɛdɪkəl ər fərst eɪd ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈtɛnd ðɪs kɔrs. ˈpipəl wɪθ ɔl ˈlɛvəlz əv ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd ˈtreɪnɪŋ ər ˈwɛlkəm, bət ɪf ðɪs ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪz ˌoʊvərsəbˈskraɪbd, wi meɪ ɪkˈsklud ˈmɛdɪkəl prəˈfɛʃənəlz ənd ˈɔfər ə aʊər brɪʤ ˈtreɪnɪŋ fər ðɛm ɪn ðə spərɪŋ. ˈskɛʤʊl ðə ˈtɛntətɪv ˈskɛʤʊl fər ðɪs ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪz ɛz ˈfɑloʊz: ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ, ˈʤænjuˌɛri frəm 6 tɪ 10 piɛm; ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈʤænjuˌɛri ənd ˈsənˌdi, ˈʤænjuˌɛri frəm 9 æm tɪ 5 piɛm. wi ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈpipəl tɪ əˈtɛnd ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈtreɪnɪŋ, ənd wi wɪl gɪv ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈprɛfərəns tɪ ðoʊz hu kən əˈtɛnd ɔl əv ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈsɛʃənz. wi wɪl prəˈvaɪd spɪˈsɪfɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ənd ˈvɛriəs ləˈʤɪstɪkəl ˈditeɪlz tɪ ˈrɛʤɪstərd pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈwiˌkɪnd. fud, ˈhaʊzɪŋ, ənd ˈʧaɪldˌkɛr wi hoʊp tɪ səˈplaɪ səm ˈvɛgən ənd ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən fud fər pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ. wi ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈvaɪt pɑrˈtɪsəpənts tɪ brɪŋ snæks (ˈprɛfərəbli ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən ər ˈvɛgən) tɪ ʃɛr ɪf ðeɪ kən. ˈɛniˌwən ˈbrɪŋɪŋ fud tɪ ʃɛr wɪθ ðə grup ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðə ˌɪnˈgridiənts ɪn ðə fud soʊ ˈpipəl wɪθ ˈdaɪəˌtɛri riˈstrɪkʃənz, ˈælərʤiz ər fud ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪtiz kən meɪk ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ˈʧɔɪsɪz əˈbaʊt wət tɪ it ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ. ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈwiˌkɪnd ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd ənd əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ə first-come*, ˈbeɪsɪs. ɪf ju wɪl nid ˈhaʊzɪŋ, pliz lɛt ˈjuˈɛs noʊ ɔn ðə ˈfɑloʊˌəp ˈsərˌveɪ ju wɪl rɪˈsiv ˈæftər jʊr ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz kənˈfərmd. wɪn ju rɪkˈwɛst ˈhaʊzɪŋ fər ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈwiˌkɪnd, pliz tɛl ˈjuˈɛs əˈbaʊt ˈɛni ˈælərʤiz, ˈdaɪəˌtɛri riˈstrɪkʃənz, ər ˈəðər ˈspɛʃəl nidz ju hæv soʊ wi kən traɪ tɪ əˈkɑməˌdeɪt jʊr rɪkˈwɛsts ənd mæʧ ju əp wɪθ ə kəmˈpætəbəl ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈɔpʃən. wi hoʊp tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈɔfər ˈʧaɪldˌkɛr ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˈtreɪnɪŋ soʊ ˈpɛrənts kən əˈtɛnd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi nid tɪ noʊ ɪf ðɛr ɪz dɪˈmænd fər ðɪs ˈsərvɪs, ənd haʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ brɪŋ ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən wɪθ ðɛm tɪ ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ, soʊ pliz lɛt ˈjuˈɛs noʊ əˈbaʊt ðət ɔn ðə ˈfɑloʊˌəp ˈsərˌveɪ ɛz wɛl. kɔsts wi hæv ə sˈlaɪdɪŋ skeɪl fi frəm 1 tɪ 100 fər ðɪs ˈtreɪnɪŋ kɔrs, ənd wi ˈwɛlkəm ˈbɑrtər ɪn pleɪs əv ˈməni. wi du nɑt wɔnt ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl riˈstrɪkʃənz tɪ kip ˈɛniˌwən frəm ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɪs kɔrs. wi ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ðət ɑr kɔst pər ˈtreɪˈni wɪl bi əraʊnd 50 ənd wi hoʊp ðət doʊˈneɪʃənz frəm pɑrˈtɪsəpənts wɪl ˈkəvər ɑr kɔsts. wi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwɛlkəm ənd əˈpriʃiˌeɪt səˈpɔrt doʊˈneɪʃənz frəm frɛndz hu ˈkænɑt əˈtɛnd ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ bət hu wɪʃ tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ hɛlp kip ðə kɔst əv ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ əˈfɔrdəbəl fər ˈɛvriˌwən. bɪˈkəz wi hæv hæd ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ˈpipəl ˈsaɪnɪŋ əp fər ənd ðɛn nɑt ʃoʊɪŋ əp ər kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ tɪ ðə kɔst əv ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ, wi wɪl æsk ðoʊz ækˈsɛptɪd tɪ səbˈmɪt ə smɔl dɪˈpɑzət baɪ kæʃ, ʧɛk ər tɪ kənˈfərm ðɛr spɑt. ju kən peɪ jʊr ɪnˈtaɪər ˈtreɪnɪŋ fi ɪn ədˈvæns, ər peɪ jʊr ˈbæləns ɔn ðə fərst naɪt əv ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ. pliz kənˈtrɪbjut ɛz məʧ ɛz ju fil ˈeɪbəl tɪ, bət noʊ ðət ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi wɪl bi tərnd əˈweɪ beɪst ɔn læk əv fəndz, nɔr wɪl ˈɛniˌwən ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə lɑrʤ doʊˈneɪʃən bi ˈgɪvɪn ˈprɛfərəns ɪn ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən. ɪf ju peɪ ðə fʊl əˈmaʊnt fər ðə training(s*) ˈɔnˌlaɪn, ðə ˈbæləns əv jʊr ˈtreɪnɪŋ fi ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd æt ðə fərst ˈsɛʃən əv ðɪs əkˈsɛpt kæʃ (prɪˈfərd) ənd ˈpərsɪnəl ʧɛks. ɪf ju nid tɪ meɪk ˈɔltərˌneɪt ˈpeɪmənt ərˈeɪnʤmənts, pliz ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈjuˈɛs ɛz sun ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl wɪθ jʊr rɪkˈwɛst. ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ ˈrɛʤɪstər fər ðə strit ˈmɛdɪk ˈtreɪnɪŋ, klɪk hir ər klɪk ðə ˈrɛʤɪstər lɪŋk ɪn ðə wɛb saɪt ˈhɛdər, ðɛn fɪl aʊt ənd səbˈmɪt ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən fɔrm. ɛnˈroʊlmənt ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd ənd wi ɪkˈspɛkt ðɪs kɔrs tɪ fɪl əp kˈwɪkli. wi wɪl hæv ə ˈweɪtɪŋ lɪst ɪf ðə kɔrs fɪlz əp, ənd wɪl ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈpipəl ɔn ðə lɪst ɪf ˈspeɪsɪz ɪn ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ bɪˈkəm əˈveɪləbəl. ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən wɪl bi kloʊzd ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2nd*. bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈnəmbər əv ˈspeɪsɪz ɪn ðɪs kɔrs, wi ər praɪˈɔrəˌtaɪzɪŋ ˈrɛʤəstrənts beɪst ɔn aɪˈdɛntəˌti, ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz ˈspoʊkən, ənd kəmˈjunɪti ˈæktɪˌvɪzəm ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ˈpipəl ɪn kəmˈjunɪtiz wɪl hæv ə ʧæns tɪ əˈtɛnd ðɪs strit ˈmɛdɪk ˈtreɪnɪŋ. wəns wi rɪˈsiv jʊr ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən fɔrm, ju wɪl bi ˈædɪd tɪ ə lɪst əv pəˈtɛnʃəl əˈtɛnˈdiz. wəns ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈkloʊzɪz ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2nd*, wi wɪl ˌrivˈju ɔl ðə ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən fɔrmz ənd əˈsaɪn ˈtreɪnɪŋ slɑts beɪst ɔn ðə kraɪˈtɪriə ˈmɛnʃənd əˈbəv. wi wɪl sɛnd ju ə ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈmɛsɪʤ ˈviə ˈiˌmeɪl wɪn ju ər ækˈsɛptɪd ˈɪntu ðə kɔrs wɪθ ə lɪŋk tɪ ə ˈfɑloʊˌəp fɔrm wɛr ju kən tɛl ˈjuˈɛs mɔr əˈbaʊt jʊr nidz fər ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt haʊ tɪ peɪ jʊr dɪˈpɑzət. ɪf jʊr plænz ʧeɪnʤ ənd ju nid tɪ drɔp aʊt əv ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ, pliz lɛt ˈjuˈɛs noʊ ɛz sun ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl soʊ wi kən lɛt ˈsəmˌwən ɛls hæv jʊr spɑt. ɔl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ju gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ɔn ðə ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən fɔrm ɪz ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl, ənd wɪl nɑt bi juzd ɪn ˈɛni weɪ ðət ɪz nɑt dɪˈrɛkli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðɪs ˈtreɪnɪŋ. θæŋk ju fər jʊr ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðɪs ˈtreɪnɪŋ. wi hoʊp tɪ si ju ɪn ˈbɔstən ðɪs ˈʤænjuˌɛri!
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update: registration for this training is now closed. we had a great response (81 applicants!) and we thank everyone who applied and expressed their interest in and support for the training. please feel free to follow this site to get notified when the next boston area street medic training happens, or follow boston’s digital street medic on facebook and join the group “boston street medic training: interested folks”.
“street medics, or action medics, are volunteers with varying degrees of medical training who attend protests and demonstrations to provide medical care such as first aid. unlike emergency medical technicians (emts), who work for state-sponsored institutions, street medics operate as civilians and are not protected from arrest.”
– from the street medic wiki, http://medic.wikia.com/wiki/street_medic
this 20-hour course is designed as a complete introduction to action medical knowledge and skills, including basic first aid, street operations and tactics, emotional first aid and aftercare, chemical weapons information and treatment, and action preparedness. the completion of this course will prepare you to serve as a street medic at political actions. street medics are also a source of health care information and resources in their communities, and so the training is open to anyone who wishes to gain greater first aid knowledge to use in their lives and to share with others. while the focus will be on urban street protests, much of the information in this training is also applicable to wilderness/rural situations and community first aid needs. this is an intensive, full weekend course with one evening session and two long daytime sessions, providing ample opportunities for hands-on skills practice in realistic scenarios.
you do not need to have any previous medical or first aid training in order to attend this course. people with all levels of experience and training are welcome, but if this 20-hour training is oversubscribed, we may exclude medical professionals and offer a 4-6 hour bridge training for them in the spring.
schedule
the tentative schedule for this training is as follows: friday evening, january 19th from 6 to 10 pm; saturday, january 20th and sunday, january 21st from 9 am to 5 pm. we encourage people to attend the entire training, and we will give registration preference to those who can attend all of the training sessions. we will provide specific information about the training and various logistical details to registered participants before the training weekend.
food, housing, and childcare
we hope to supply some vegan and vegetarian food for participants during the training. we also invite participants to bring snacks (preferably vegetarian or vegan) to share if they can. anyone bringing food to share with the group should be able to identify the ingredients in the food so people with dietary restrictions, allergies or food sensitivities can make informed choices about what to eat during the training.
housing during the training weekend is limited and available on a first-come, first-served basis. if you will need housing, please let us know on the follow-up survey you will receive after your registration is confirmed. when you request housing for the training weekend, please tell us about any allergies, dietary restrictions, or other special needs you have so we can try to accommodate your requests and match you up with a compatible housing option.
we hope to be able to offer childcare during this training so parents can attend. however, we need to know if there is demand for this service, and how many people expect to bring their children with them to the training, so please let us know about that on the follow-up survey as well.
costs
we have a sliding scale fee from $1 to $100 for this training course, and we welcome barter in place of money. we do not want financial restrictions to keep anyone from taking this course. we anticipate that our cost per trainee will be around $50, and we hope that donations from participants will cover our costs. we also welcome and appreciate support donations from friends who cannot attend the training but who wish to contribute to help keep the cost of the training affordable for everyone.
because we have had problems with people signing up for trainings and then not showing up or contributing to the cost of the training, we will ask those accepted to submit a small deposit by cash, check or venmo to confirm their spot. you can pay your entire training fee in advance, or pay your balance on the first night of the training. please contribute as much as you feel able to, but know that nobody will be turned away based on lack of funds, nor will anyone making a large donation be given preference in registration.
if you pay the full amount for the training(s) online, the balance of your training fee is expected at the first session of this training—we accept cash (preferred) and personal checks. if you need to make alternate payment arrangements, please contact us as soon as possible with your request.
registration information
to register for the street medic training, click here or click the register link in the web site header, then fill out and submit the online registration form.
enrollment is limited and we expect this course to fill up quickly. we will have a waiting list if the course fills up, and will contact people on the list if spaces in the training become available. registration will be closed on january 2nd.
because of the limited number of spaces in this course, we are prioritizing registrants based on identity, languages spoken, and community activism in order to ensure that people in under-represented communities will have a chance to attend this street medic training.
once we receive your registration form, you will be added to a list of potential attendees. once registration closes on january 2nd, we will review all the registration forms and assign training slots based on the criteria mentioned above. we will send you a confirmation message via e-mail when you are accepted into the course with a link to a follow-up form where you can tell us more about your needs for the training as well as information about how to pay your deposit. if your plans change and you need to drop out of the training, please let us know as soon as possible so we can let someone else have your spot. all information you give us on the registration form is confidential, and will not be used in any way that is not directly related to this training.
thank you for your interest in this training. we hope to see you in boston this january!
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ˈoʊpən sɔrs tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈpərmiˌeɪts θruaʊt ɑr soʊˈsaɪɪti, pleɪɪŋ ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt roʊl ɪn məʧ əv ðə ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ədˈvænsmənts ɪn ðə wərld, səʧ ɛz ðə ˈblɔgɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrm. dɪˈvɛləpərz ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðə ˈvælju əv ðiz ˈprɑʤɛkts, bət ðɛr ɪz səm ˈgrəmbəlɪŋ əˈbaʊt haʊ ðɛr ʃʊd bi weɪz fər ˈprɑʤɛkt kənˈtrɪbjətərz tɪ bi fər ðɛr ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz. ˈkərəntli, dɪˈvɛləpərz hæv ðə ˈɔpʃən tɪ səˈlɪsɪt fəndz tɪ səˈpɔrt ðɛr ˈɛfərts ˈjuzɪŋ ər səm ˈəðər ˈpeɪmənt ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm, bət səˈpɔrtərz meɪ bi ˈskɛptɪkəl əˈbaʊt ðɛr doʊˈneɪʃənz goʊɪŋ təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈprɑʤɛkt ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈlaɪnɪŋ ðə ˈpɑkəts əv ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, səm kənˈtrɪbjətərz meɪ bi ˈwɛri əˈbaʊt biɪŋ ðə ˈpərsən tæskt wɪθ kəˈlɛktɪŋ ðiz fəndz. ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ˈoʊpən kəˈlɛktɪv wɔnts tɪ sɑlv. ɪt ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈjuzɪŋ ɪts ˈsərvɪs tɪ hɛlp dɪˈvɛləpərz kˈwɪkli sɛt əp ˈvərʧuəl ˈligəl ˈɛntɪtiz tɪ kəˈlɛkt ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz ɪn ə trænˈspɛrənt ˈmænər. kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ˈkoʊˈfaʊndər ˈzeɪvjər ˈdæmən, dɪˈmɑkrəsi ˈpiə mɑnˈʧini, ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈprɑdəkt ˈmænɪʤər sud, ˈoʊpən kəˈlɛktɪv ɪz ə blɛnd əv ˈæməˌzɑn wɛb ˈsərvɪsɪz, straɪp, ənd ɪn ðət ɪt lɛts ˈoʊpən sɔrs dɪˈvɛləpərz gɪt 501(c)(x*) ˈɛntɪtiz əp ənd ˈrənɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ dil wɪθ ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈpeɪpərˌwərk. wəns dən, ˈprɑʤɛkts kən ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli bɪˈgɪn kəˈlɛktɪŋ doʊˈneɪʃənz frəm səˈpɔrtərz ɔn ə rɪˈkərɪŋ ˈbeɪsɪs. ˈrizən fər ðɪs ɪz bɪˈkəz 501(c)(x*) sucks,”*,” ˈdæmən toʊld venturebeat*. ˈtɛrəbəl ju nid tɪ dil wɪθ ə lɔt əv ˈpeɪpərˌwərk, faɪl ˈtæksɪz, du əˈkaʊnɪŋ, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ə peɪn ɪn ðə æs, ˈsəmθɪŋ ɑr ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən wɔnt tɪ du. wi maɪnd peɪɪŋ ˈtæksɪz wi ʤɪst wɔnt tɪ du taxes.”*.” hi kənˈtɪnjud: ɪf wi hæd tɪ ˈrɛkriˌeɪt ðə 501(c)(x*) ɪn 2017 wət wʊd ɪt lʊk laɪk? kʊd ɪt bi ɛz ˈizi ɛz kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ər ˈfeɪsˌbʊk grup ənd ˈɔlsoʊ trænˈspɛrənt, laɪk ɔn github*, soʊ ˈɛvriˌwən kən si wət ju du ənd lərn frəm ju wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛvər ˈbɑðərɪŋ you?”*?” æt list 186 ˈprɑʤɛkts ər ˈkərəntli ˈlɪstɪd ɔn ˈoʊpən kəˈlɛktɪv, kənˈtɪnjuəsli ˈreɪzɪŋ fəndz tɪ səˈpɔrt dɪˈvɛləpər ˈɛfərts. ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm hoʊst koʊd ər ˈɔfər ˈɛni ˌsəpləˈmɛntəl ˈfiʧərz. ˈdæmən ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət hi wɔnt tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ pleɪərz, bət spid əp dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd əˈdɑpʃən əv ˈoʊpən sɔrs tulz. hi saɪts ə taɪm wɪn ˈbɪldɪŋ wɛr hi juzd ˈoʊpən sɔrs tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ gɪv bæk, bət ˈeɪbəl tɪ bɪˈkəz ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm baɪ wɪʧ tɪ du soʊ. ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər ˈoʊpən kəˈlɛktɪv ɪz tɪ gɪv dɪˈvɛləpərz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðɛr ˈprɑʤɛkts ˈfʊlˌtaɪm. raɪt naʊ, mɔr ðən ɪn ˈjɪrli ˈbəʤɪts həz bɪn reɪzd θru ðə ˈsərvɪs, ˈgɪvɪŋ səm ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈprɑʤɛkt dɪˈvɛləpərz ɪˈnəf ˈrənˌweɪ fər ðə nɛkst 12 mənθs tɪ wərk ɔn ðɛr koʊd. ˈdæmən ˈsaɪtɪd ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl; ɪt həz reɪzd ˈoʊvər fər ɪts ˈænjuəl ˈbəʤɪt, ɪˈnəf ðət təˈbaɪəs ˈkɑpərz, wən əv ɪts kɔr kənˈtrɪbjətərz, wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˈfriˌlænsər soʊ ðət hi kʊd ˈdɛdəˌkeɪt mɔr taɪm tɪ dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ðə koʊd. ɛˈsɛnʃəli hi wɑz haɪərd baɪ ðə kəmˈjunɪti tɪ wərk ɔn, ə tɛkˈnɑləʤi tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv wɛb pərˈfɔrməns. doʊˈneɪʃənz ər nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ɔn ən æd hɑk ˈbeɪsɪs laɪk wɪθ ər kickstarter*. ˈdæmən dɪˈskraɪbd ɪt mɔr laɪk wɪθ rɪˈkərɪŋ səbˈskrɪpʃənz, bət ɛz əv raɪt naʊ, ðɛr ər noʊ rɪˈwɔrdz ər ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz beɪst ɔn haʊ məʧ ɪz kənˈtrɪbjutɪd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, səm ˈprɑʤɛkts ər kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðɛr oʊn ˈproʊˌgræmz ðət prəˈvaɪd ˈɔfəs aʊərz tɪ ðoʊz ðət mit ə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən θˈrɛˌʃoʊld. wəns ˈməni həz bɪn ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd ər kəˈlɛktəd, ˈoʊpən kəˈlɛktɪv ˈtrænsfərz ɪt tɪ ə ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪtɪd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. wɪn ə kənˈtrɪbjətər ˈwɪʃɪz tɪ juz ðoʊz fəndz, ðə trænˈzækʃən ˈhɪdən bət ˈrəðər ɪz kəmˈplitli ˈpəblɪk. ðə ɪkˈspɛns wɪl əˈpɪr ɔn ðə ˈoʊpən kəˈlɛktɪv ˈprɑʤɛkt peɪʤ fər ˈɛvriˌwən tɪ si. ðə rɪˈsɪpiənt əv ðə fəndz wɪl bi prəˈvaɪdɪd ðə əˈsaɪnd əˈmaʊnt θru ðɛr əˈkaʊnt. waɪl ˈhɛvəli ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈprɑʤɛkts, ˈoʊpən kəˈlɛktɪv ˈɔlsoʊ səˈpɔrts ˈəðər grups ðət ər ɪn nid əv trænˈspɛrənt weɪz tɪ kəˈlɛkt fəndz, səʧ ɛz grups, əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz, ˈstudənt kləbz, ˈmuvmənts, əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz, ənd mɔr. ˈdæmən sɛd ðət ˈoʊpən kəˈlɛktɪv teɪks ə 10 pərˈsɛnt kəˈmɪʃən frəm ɔl ˈməniz reɪzd ənd ðət əˈmaʊnt ɪz splɪt ˈikwəli wɪθ ɪts ˈfɪskəl ˈspɑnsər, ðə ˈligəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ðət oʊnz ðə bæŋk əˈkaʊnt wɛr ðə ˈməni rɪˈzaɪdz ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. ðɛr ər əˈdɪʃənəl fiz, səʧ ɛz ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrdz, wɪʧ goʊ dɪˈrɛkli tɪ straɪp. ˈoʊpən kəˈlɛktɪv ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ˈəðər minz əv ˈpeɪmənt, səʧ ɛz ənd bitcoin*. mɔr ðən həz bɪn reɪzd baɪ ˈoʊpən kəˈlɛktɪv tɪ fənd ɪts ˈmɪʃən, ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪn ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt frəm ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkætəˌlɪst, wɪʧ ˈpriviəsli bækt; ˈfaʊndər draɪz buytaert*; ənd ˈnumərəs ˈeɪnʤəl ˌɪnˈvɛstərz. wɔnt tɪ ɪmˈpaʊər ˈpipəl tɪ goʊ bɪld ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz, ˈmuvmənts, əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ənd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz əv təˈmɑˌroʊ ɪn ə ˈbɑtəˌməp ˈfæʃən wɛr trænˈspɛrənsi ɪz bɪlt ɪn baɪ design,”*,” ˈdæmən rɪˈmɑrkt. fər ˈdɛkeɪdz hæv bɪn kəmˈpleɪnɪŋ ðət noʊ ˈməni fər ˈoʊpən source…*… ðə drim ɪz tɪ kriˈeɪt ə wərld wɛr ˈɛni nid əraʊnd ðə wərld, ˈpipəl kən kriˈeɪt ə ˈvərʧuəl ˈɛntɪti trænˈspɛrənt ðət kʊd bi pʊt təˈgɛðər kˈwɪkli tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ə nid laɪk ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən, ˈrɛfjuʤi rɪˈlif, ər dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈoʊpən sɔrs səˈluʃən ðət ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs hæv, ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈwɪmən gɪt ˈɪntu tɛk, ər ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə nid is.”*.”
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open source technology permeates throughout our society, playing an important role in much of the technological advancements in the world, such as the wordpress blogging platform. developers recognize the value of these projects, but there is some grumbling about how there should be ways for project contributors to be remunerated for their contributions.
currently, developers have the option to solicit funds to support their efforts using paypal or some other payment mechanism, but supporters may be skeptical about their donations going towards the open source project instead of lining the pockets of a single individual. additionally, some contributors may be wary about being the person tasked with collecting these funds. this is something that open collective wants to solve. it is already using its service to help developers quickly set up virtual legal entities on-demand to collect contributions in a transparent manner.
created by storify cofounder xavier damman, democracy earth’s pia mancini, and former dropbox product manager aseem sood, open collective is a blend of amazon web services, stripe, and gofundme in that it lets open source developers get 501(c)(x) entities up and running without having to deal with unnecessary paperwork. once done, projects can immediately begin collecting donations from supporters on a recurring basis.
“the reason for this is because 501(c)(x) sucks,” damman told venturebeat. “it’s terrible — you need to deal with a lot of paperwork, file taxes, do accounting, etc. it’s a pain in the ass, something our generation doesn’t want to do. we don’t mind paying taxes — we just don’t want to do taxes.”
he continued: “what if we had to recreate the 501(c)(x) in 2017, what would it look like? could it be as easy as creating a meetup or facebook group and also transparent, like on github, so everyone can see what you do and learn from you without ever bothering you?”
at least 186 projects are currently listed on open collective, continuously raising funds to support developer efforts. the platform doesn’t host code or offer any supplemental features. damman explained that he doesn’t want to replace existing players, but speed up development and adoption of open source tools. he cites a time when building storify where he used open source technology and wanted to give back, but wasn’t able to because there was no mechanism by which to do so.
the potential for open collective is to give developers the ability to focus on their projects full-time. right now, more than $200,000 in yearly budgets has been raised through the service, giving some open source project developers enough runway for the next 12 months to work on their code. damman cited the webpack project as an example; it has raised over $80,000 for its annual budget, enough that tobias koppers, one of its core contributors, was able to become a freelancer so that he could dedicate more time to developing the code. essentially he was hired by the community to work on webpack, a technology to improve web performance.
donations are not necessarily on an ad hoc basis like with gofundme or kickstarter. damman described it more like patreon with recurring subscriptions, but as of right now, there are no rewards or incentives based on how much is contributed. however, some projects are creating their own programs that provide office hours to those that meet a contribution threshold.
once money has been donated or collected, open collective transfers it to a designated financial institution associated with the project. when a contributor wishes to use those funds, the transaction isn’t hidden but rather is completely public. the expense will appear on the open collective project page for everyone to see. the recipient of the funds will be provided the assigned amount through their paypal account.
while heavily focused on open source projects, open collective also supports other groups that are in need of transparent ways to collect funds, such as meetup groups, parent-teacher associations, student clubs, movements, associations, and more.
damman said that open collective takes a 10 percent commission from all monies raised and that amount is split equally with its fiscal sponsor, the legal institution that owns the bank account where the money resides on behalf of the project. there are additional fees, such as processing credit cards, which go directly to stripe. open collective is looking at other means of payment, such as ach and bitcoin.
more than $800,000 has been raised by open collective to fund its mission, bringing in investment from general catalyst, which previously backed damman’s storify; drupal founder dries buytaert; and numerous angel investors.
“i want to empower people to go build the organizations, movements, associations and institutions of tomorrow in a bottom-up fashion where transparency is built in by design,” damman remarked. “people for decades have been complaining that there’s no money for open source… the dream is to create a world where any need around the world, people can create a virtual entity that’s transparent that could be put together quickly to address a need like immigration, refugee relief, or development of open source solution that many of us have, helping women get into tech, or whatever the need is.”
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ðɪs wik, ˈpəndət ənd ˈlidər əv ðə 'bit jʊr ˈʧɪldrən' ˈmuvmənt, ˈdɑktər. ʤeɪmz ˈdɑbsən, əˈkjuzd sɛn. ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə əv kəˈmɪtɪŋ ˈvaɪələns əˈgɛnst ˈbɪblɪkəl ˈtiʧɪŋz. dɪˈspaɪt ˈdɑbsən biɪŋ ə ˈsɛlfˈhɛlp ˈguˌru ˈfeɪməs fər ædˈvaɪzɪŋ ˈpɛrənts tɪ wɪp ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən wɪθ stɪks, ˈɛvəri ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈmidiə ˈaʊˌtlɛt ˈsəmˌhaʊ ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ˈoʊvərˌlʊk ðɪs fækt. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ˈmidiə ˈkəvərɪʤ əv ˈdɑbsənz rɪˈmɑrks strɪpt ɪm əv ˈɛni ənd ɔl pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ hɪz vjuz ɔn ˈpɛrəntɪŋ ənd ʧaɪld ˈbitɪŋ, dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ɪm ˌɪnˈstɛd wɪθ ðə veɪg ənd tərm 'ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl.' tru ˈdɑbsən ɪz ə ˈlidɪŋ vɔɪs əv sɔrts əˈməŋst səm ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl ˈkrɪsʧɪnz. stɪl, ðə kˈwɛʃən ðə ˈmidiə ʃʊd bi ˈpoʊzɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk ɪz nɑt əˈbaʊt hɪz rɪˈlɪʤən, bət əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈvaɪələnt vjuz əv ˈpɛrəntɪŋ: ʃʊd ə mæn hu ˈpʊʃɪz ˈpɛrənts tɪ juz peɪn tɪ treɪn ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən hæv ə ˈprɑmənənt pleɪs ɪn ðə 2008 ɪˈlɛkʃən ər əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpɑləˌtɪks æt ɔl? ə, noʊ. ɪt ɪz haɪ taɪm ðət əˈmɛrɪkənz əv ɔl pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd rɪˈlɪʤəs pərsˈweɪʒənz lʊkt ˈdɑktər. ʤeɪmz ˈdɑbsən ɪn ðə aɪ ənd sɛd, "liv ˈjuˈɛs əˈloʊn." əˈmɛrɪkənz du nɑt bɪˈliv ðət ðə ðə ʤuˈdɪʃəs ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv peɪn ɪz ðə ki tɪ gʊd ˈpɛrəntɪŋ. ɪn fækt, ˈdɑbsənz ˈpæʃənət bɪˈlif ðət ˈpɛrənts ʃʊd bit ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən ɛz ə weɪ əv ʃoʊɪŋ ðɛr ləv fər ðɛm ɪz soʊ dɪˈstərbɪŋ tɪ əˈmɛrɪkənz ðət wən ˈwəndərz waɪ ə ˈvaɪələns əbˈsɛst ˈmidiə wʊd ʧuz nɑt tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ɪt ɪf ˈoʊnli fər ˈsɪnɪkəl ˈrizənz. kənˈsɪdər ðɪs kwoʊt frəm ˈdɑbsənz ˈpɛrəntɪŋ ˈsɛlfˈhɛlp bʊk dɛr tɪ ˈdɪsəplən ɪn wɪʧ ˈdɑbsən ˌriˈkaʊnts ðə ˈfænsɪfəl "ˈstɔri" hi juzd tɪ tɛl hɪz ˈʧɪldrən tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ˈbitɪŋ ðɛm wɑz ə saɪn əv ləv ənd wət wʊd ˈhæpən tɪ ðɛm ɪf ðeɪ dɪd nɑt səbˈmɪt tɪ hɪz əˈθɔrəti: "aɪ nu əv ə ˈlɪtəl bərd hu wɑz ɪn hɪz nɛkst wɪθ hɪz ˈmɑmi. ðə ˈmɑmi bərd wɛnt ɔf tɪ faɪnd səm wərmz tɪ it, ənd ʃi toʊld ðə ˈlɪtəl bərd nɑt tɪ gɪt aʊt əv ðə nɛst waɪl ʃi wɑz gɔn. bət ðə ˈlɪtəl bərd ˈdɪdənt maɪnd hər. hi ʤəmpt aʊt əv ðə nɛst ənd fɛl tɪ ðə graʊnd wɛr ə bɪg kæt gɑt ɪm. wɪn aɪ tɛl ju tɪ maɪnd mi, ɪt ɪz bɪˈkəz aɪ noʊ wət ɪz bɛst fər ju, ʤɪst ɛz ðə ˈmɑmi bərd dɪd wɪθ hər ˈbeɪbi bərd. wɪn aɪ tɛl ju tɪ steɪ ɪn ðə frənt jɑrd, ɪts bɪˈkəz aɪ doʊnt wɔnt ju tɪ rən ɪn ðə strit ənd gɪt hɪt baɪ ə kɑr. aɪ ləv ju, ənd aɪ doʊnt wɔnt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən tɪ ju. ɪf ju doʊnt maɪnd mi, aɪl hæv tɪ spæŋk ju tɪ hɛlp ju rɪˈmɛmbər haʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪt ɪz. du ju ˌəndərˈstænd?" (pi. 23 ðə nu dɛr tɪ ˈdɪsəplən) ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, 'ˈlɪsən tɪ ˈdædi ər ə bɪg kæt wɪl it ju,' ənd, 'ɪf aɪ spæŋk ju ɪts ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəz ju meɪd mi.' ðə dɪˈsɛpʃən ɪn ˈdɑbsənz ˈpɛrəbəl əv ðə ˈlɪtəl bərd ˈitən baɪ ə kæt, əv kɔrs, ɪz ðət ɪt simz tɪ bi seɪɪŋ ðət ˈoʊnli bæd kɪdz gɪt spæŋkt. nɑt tru. ðə mɔr wi rɛd əv dɛr tɪ ˈdɪsəplən, ðə mɔr ɪt bɪˈkəmz klɪr ðət ɔl ˈʧɪldrən məst bi ˈbitən ɪn ˈdɑbsənz ˈjunəˌvərs. wən ˈkænɑt reɪz ə ˈhɛlθi ʧaɪld, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈdɑbsən, wɪˈθaʊt æt səm pɔɪnt ˈbreɪkɪŋ ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈnæʧərəl rəˈbɛliəsnəs əv ðə ʧaɪld baɪ ˈbitɪŋ ðɛm ˈprɛfərəbli wɪθ ən ˈɑbʤɛkt ðət ˈkɔzɪz ʃɑrp ənd ˈmɛmərəbəl peɪn. ðə ˈkɑnvərs ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ tru: ɪn ˈdɑbsənz ˈvaɪələnt ˈvɪʒən əv əˈmɛrɪkə, ðɛr ɪz noʊ səʧ θɪŋ ɛz ə ˈhɛlθi, ʧaɪld hu dɪz nɑt hæv fɑnd ˈmɛməriz əv ðɛr fərst wɛlt frəm ˈmɑmiz ˈwʊdən spun ər ˈdædiz bɛlt. ˈdɑbsən ˈriˌkɔlz hɪz oʊn fərst ˈmoʊmənt əv ˈtruli ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ haʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈdɪsəplən wɑz ɪn ə ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛkt, hɪz ˈməðər, ənd ə waɪər ˈgərdəl ˈloʊdɪd wɪθ ˈmɛtəl klɪps ənd stræps: ðə deɪ aɪ ˈlərnɪd ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv steɪɪŋ aʊt əv riʧ ʃaɪnz laɪk ə niɑn laɪt ɪn maɪ maɪnd. aɪ meɪd ðə ˈkɔstli mɪˈsteɪk əv hər wɪn aɪ wɑz əˈbaʊt fɔr fit əˈweɪ. aɪ nu aɪ hæd krɔst ðə laɪn ənd ˈwəndərd wət ʃi wʊd du əˈbaʊt ɪt. ɪt ˈdɪdənt teɪk lɔŋ tɪ faɪnd aʊt. mɑm wild əraʊnd tɪ græb ˈsəmθɪŋ wɪθ wɪʧ tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs hər dɪˈsplɛʒər, ənd hər hænd ˈlændɪd ɔn ə ˈgərdəl. ðoʊz wər ðə deɪz wɪn ə ˈgərdəl wɑz laɪnd wɪθ ˈrɪvəts ənd mɪˈstɪriəs ˈpænəlz. ʃi dru bæk ənd swəŋ ðə əˈbɑmənəbəl ˈgɑrmənt ɪn maɪ dɪˈrɛkʃɪn, ənd aɪ kən stɪl hir ɪt ˈwɪslɪŋ θru ðə ɛr. ðə ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd bloʊ kɔt mi əˈkrɔs ðə ʧɛst, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə ˈməltəˌtud əv stræps ənd ˈbəkəlz, ˈræpɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz əraʊnd maɪ ˈmɪdˌsɛkʃən. ʃi geɪv mi ən ɪnˈtaɪər θˈræʃɪŋ wɪθ wən bloʊ! bət frəm ðət deɪ ˈfɔrwərd, aɪ ˈmɛʒərd maɪ wərdz ˈkɛrfəli wɪn æˈdrɛsɪŋ maɪ ˈməðər. aɪ ˈnɛvər spoʊk tɪ hər əˈgɛn, ˈivɪn wɪn ʃi wɑz ˈsɛvəntiˌfaɪv jɪrz oʊld. (pi. ðə nu dɛr tɪ ˈdɪsəplən) aɪ rɛd əˈbaʊt ˈdɑbsən ˈskɛrɪŋ hɪz kɪdz ˈɪntu ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðeɪ wɪl bi ˈitən baɪ ə kæt ɪf ðeɪ du nɑt hid hɪz əˈθɔrəti ər rɛd ɪm wæks roʊˈmæntɪkəli əˈbaʊt hɪz mɑm ˈwundɪŋ hɪz ˈmɪdˌsɛkʃən wɪθ ə ˈgərdəl ðə ˈæbsəˌlut læst kˈwɛʃən ðət pɑps ˈɪntu maɪ hɛd ɪz, "wət kən aɪ du tɪ meɪk ðɪs mæn ən ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈfɪgjər ɪn juz. ˈpɑləˌtɪks?" egads*, noʊ. ʃoʊ ðɪs gaɪ ðə dɔr. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ðə ˈmidiə simz ɔn ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ ˈdɑbsənz ˈdɑgmə wət ɪz ˈtruli ˈʃɑkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪm ɛz ə ˈpəblɪk ˈfɪgjər tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ˌɪnˈstɛd ɔn ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ jɛt əˈnəðər ˈbɔrɪŋ ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt ˈkrɪsʧɪnz hu, səˈpoʊzədli, ˈriʤɛkt ðə ˈkændɪdəsi əv ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌnɑməˈni fər ˈprɛzɪdənt. bɪɔnd ðə fækt ðət ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst ˈleɪzi rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ, ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪˈnækjərət. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈfɛbruˌɛri ˈstədi əv ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈpætərnz əˈməŋst rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈvoʊtərz kənˈdəktəd baɪ ðə ˈbɑrnə grup, ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl səˈpɔrt fər rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈoʊvər ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪts maɪt hæv bɪn ðə ˈstɔri ɪn pæst ɪˈlɛkʃənz, bət nɑt ðɪs taɪm. ɪn ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən əv 2008 ðə bɪg ˈstɔri ɪz ðət ˈvoʊtərz hu ɛz 'bɔrn əˈgɛn' hu meɪk əp ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈvoʊtɪŋ blɑk ɪn ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl reɪs hæv swəŋ dɪˈsaɪsɪvli fər ˌoʊˈbɑmə: ɪn 1992 bɔrn əˈgɛn ˈvoʊtərz ˈsaɪdɪd wɪθ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌɪnˈkəmbənt ʤɔrʤ h.w*. bʊʃ ˈoʊvər ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈʧælɪnʤər bɪl ˈklɪntən baɪ ə 39 tɪ 35 ˈmɑrʤən. ɪn ðə 1996 ɪˈlɛkʃən, bɔrn əˈgɛn ˈvoʊtərz əˈgɛn ˈsaɪdɪd wɪθ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈkænədɪt (bɑb doʊl) ˈrəðər ðən ðə ˌɪnˈkəmbənt ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈprɛzɪdənt bɪl ˈklɪntən baɪ ə 49 tɪ 43 ˈmɑrʤən. ɪn ðə 2000 ɪˈlɛkʃən, ðə bɔrn əˈgɛn kənˈstɪʧuənsi geɪv rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌnɑməˈni ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ ə riˈsaʊndɪŋ 57 tɪ 42 ˈmɑrʤən ˈoʊvər ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈʧælɪnʤər æl gɔr. ɪn 2004 ðə bɔrn əˈgɛn ˌsɛgˈmɛnt əˈgɛn ˈsaɪdɪd wɪθ ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ, ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪm ə ˈlɑpˈsaɪdɪd 62 tɪ 38 ˈprɛfərəns ˈoʊvər ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈhoʊpfəl ʤɑn ˈkɛri. ɪn ðə pæst ˈkəpəl əv ɪˈlɛkʃənz, ðə bɔrn əˈgɛn voʊt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd əˈbaʊt hæf əv ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər əv voʊts kæst ɪn ðə juz. ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈreɪzər θɪn ˈmɑrʤən əv ˈvɪktəri əˈʧivd baɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt bʊʃ ɪn 2000 ənd ðə kloʊz ˈtæli ɪn 2004 ðə bɔrn əˈgɛn voʊt wɑz ˈvaɪtəl ɪn boʊθ əv ðə bʊʃ ˈvɪktəriz. kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈrisənt ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz, ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈlinɪŋz əv ðə bɔrn əˈgɛn kənˈstɪʧuənsi hæv rɪˈvərst. ðə nu ˈbɑrnə ˈstədi ʃoʊz ðət ɪf ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən wər tɪ bi hɛld təˈdeɪ, 40 əv ɔl bɔrn əˈgɛn ˈædəlts hu ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ voʊt ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər wʊd ʧuz ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈkænədɪt ənd ʤɪst 29 wʊd ʧuz ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈkænədɪt. ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ 28 ər ˈkərəntli nɑt ʃʊr hum ðeɪ wʊd ʧuz, prɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ meɪk ðɛr səˈlɛkʃən ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðə ˈkænədɪt ðən ˈstrɪktli ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv hɪz ər hər ˈpɑrti əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən. ("bɔrn əˈgɛn ˈvoʊtərz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈfeɪvər rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈkænədɪts," ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri 4 2008 ɪf ðɪs ɪz ðə keɪs ɪf ðə bɪg ˈstɔri ðɪs jɪr ɪz ðət bɔrn əˈgɛn voʊts səˈpɔrt ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈkænədɪt ˈoʊvər ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈkænədɪt, ənd ðət ðɪs swɪŋ kʊd bi ðə dɪˈsaɪsɪv ʧeɪnʤ frəm 2000 2004 ənd 2006 wən ˈwəndərz waɪ əˈmɛrɪkəz ˈmeɪʤər nuz ˈaʊˌtlɛts ər ɔl traɪɪŋ tɪ twɪst ðə ˈdɑbsən ˈstɔri ˈɪntu səm ˌoʊvərˈbloʊn klæʃ əv ˈkəlʧərz bɪtˈwin ˈkrɪsʧɪnz ənd ˌoʊˈbɑmə. ɪz ðə ˈmidiə ˈɪgnərənt əv hu ʤeɪmz ˈdɑbsən ˈrɪli ɪz? ər ðeɪ ˈleɪzi? ər ðeɪ bɔrd?
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this week, right-wing pundit and leader of the 'beat your children' movement, dr. james dobson, accused sen. barack obama of committing violence against biblical teachings.
despite dobson being a best-selling self-help guru famous for advising parents to whip their children with sticks, every mainstream media outlet somehow managed to overlook this fact. instead, media coverage of dobson's remarks stripped him of any and all potential controversy with respect to his views on parenting and child beating, describing him instead with the vague and anodyne term 'evangelical.'
true -- dobson is a leading voice of sorts amongst some evangelical christians. still, the question the media should be posing to the public is not about his religion, but about his violent views of parenting: should a man who pushes parents to use pain to train their children have a prominent place in the 2008 presidental election or american politics at all?
uh, no. it is high time that americans of all political and religious persuasions looked dr. james dobson in the eye and said, "leave us alone."
americans do not believe that the the judicious application of pain is the key to good parenting.
in fact, dobson's passionate belief that parents should beat their children as a way of showing their love for them is so disturbing to americans that one wonders why a violence obsessed media would choose not to report it -- if only for cynical reasons.
consider this quote from dobson's best-selling parenting self-help book dare to discipline in which dobson recounts the fanciful "story" he used to tel his children to explain why beating them was a sign of love and what would happen to them if they did not submit to his authority:
"i knew of a little bird who was in his next with his mommy. the mommy bird went off to find some worms to eat, and she told the little bird not to get out of the nest while she was gone. but the little bird didn't mind her. he jumped out of the nest and fell to the ground where a big cat got him. when i tell you to mind me, it is because i know what is best for you, just as the mommy bird did with her baby bird. when i tell you to stay in the front yard, it's because i don't want you to run in the street and get hit by a car. i love you, and i don't want anything to happen to you. if you don't mind me, i'll have to spank you to help you remember how important it is. do you understand?" (p. 23, the new dare to discipline)
in other words, 'listen to daddy or a big cat will eat you,' and, 'if i spank you it's only because you made me.'
the deception in dobson's parable of the little bird eaten by a cat, of course, is that it seems to be saying that only bad kids get spanked. not true. the more we read of dare to discipline, the more it becomes clear that all children must be beaten in dobson's universe. one cannot raise a healthy child, according to dobson, without at some point breaking the so-called natural rebelliousness of the child by beating them -- preferably with an object that causes sharp and memorable pain. the converse is also true: in dobson's violent vision of america, there is no such thing as a healthy, well-adjusted child who does not have fond memories of their first welt from mommy's wooden spoon or daddy's belt. dobson recalls his own first moment of truly understanding how important discipline was in a story about disrespect, his mother, and a wire girdle loaded with metal clips and straps:
the day i learned the importance of staying out of reach shines like a neon light in my mind. i made the costly mistake of sassing her when i was about four feet away. i knew i had crossed the line and wondered what she would do about it. it didn't take long to find out. mom wheeled around to grab something with which to express her displeasure, and her hand landed on a girdle. those were the days when a girdle was lined with rivets and mysterious panels. she drew back and swung the abominable garment in my direction, and i can still hear it whistling through the air. the intended blow caught me across the chest, followed by a multitude of straps and buckles, wrapping themselves around my midsection. she gave me an entire thrashing with one blow! but from that day forward, i measured my words carefully when addressing my mother. i never spoke disrespectfully to her again, even when she was seventy-five years old. (p. 23-24, the new dare to discipline)
now...when i read about dobson scaring his kids into thinking they will be eaten by a cat if they do not heed his authority -- or read him wax romantically about his mom wounding his midsection with a mid-century girdle -- the absolute last question that pops into my head is, "what can i do to make this man an influential figure in u.s. politics?"
egads, no. show this guy the door.
unfortunately, the media seems hell-bent on ignoring dobson's beat-your-children dogma -- what is truly shocking about him as a public figure -- to focus instead on manufacturing yet another boring story about christians who, supposedly, reject the candidacy of the democratic nominee for president.
beyond the fact that this is just lazy reporting, it is also inaccurate.
according to a february study of voting patterns amongst religious voters conducted by the barna group, evangelical support for republican over democratic presidential candidates might have been the story in past elections, but not this time. in the election of 2008, the big story is that voters who self-identify as 'born again' -- who make up a significant voting block in the presidential race -- have swung decisively for obama:
in 1992, born again voters sided with republican incumbent george h.w. bush over democratic challenger bill clinton by a 39% to 35% margin. in the 1996 election, born again voters again sided with the republican candidate (bob dole) rather than the incumbent democratic president bill clinton by a 49% to 43% margin. in the 2000 election, the born again constituency gave republican nominee george w. bush a resounding 57% to 42% margin over democratic challenger al gore. in 2004, the born again segment again sided with george w. bush, giving him a lopsided 62% to 38% preference over democratic hopeful john kerry. in the past couple of elections, the born again vote represented about half of the total number of votes cast in the u.s. given the razor thin margin of victory achieved by president bush in 2000, and the close tally in 2004, the born again vote was vital in both of the bush victories. compared to recent presidential elections, the current leanings of the born again constituency have reversed. the new barna study shows that if the election were to be held today, 40% of all born again adults who are likely to vote in november would choose the democratic candidate and just 29% would choose the republican candidate. the remaining 28% are currently not sure whom they would choose, preferring to make their selection on the basis of the candidate than strictly on the basis of his or her party affiliation. ("born again voters no longer favor republican candidates," feb 4, 2008)
if this is the case -- if the big story this year is that born again votes support the democratic candidate over the republican candidate, and that this swing could be the decisive change from 2000, 2004, and 2006, one wonders why america's major news outlets are all trying to twist the dobson story into some overblown clash of cultures between christians and obama.
is the media ignorant of who james dobson really is? are they lazy? are they bored?
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haji* həz bɪˈkəm ən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ɪn hɪz oʊn raɪt ˈhævɪŋ ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr tri ˈbɛrɪŋ fruts əv 300 ˈdɪfərənt vareities*. həz bɪˈkəm ən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ɪn hɪz oʊn raɪt ˈhævɪŋ ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr tri ˈbɛrɪŋ fruts əv 300 ˈdɪfərənt vareities*. ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd ˈmæŋgoʊ groʊər həz kəm aʊt wɪθ ə nu "ˈmoʊdi ˈmæŋgoʊ" vərˈaɪəti ənd ˈwɪʃɪz ðət ɪt wɪl riʧ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈmoʊdi soʊ ðət hi kən teɪst ðɪs rɔɪəl frut neɪmd ˈæftər ɪm. "aɪ hæd kɛpt ðə fərst fruts əv ðə ˈmoʊdi ˈmæŋgoʊ vərˈaɪəti ˈsoʊəli fər ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər bət aɪ du nɑt hæv ə ˈmidiəm tɪ sɛnd ðɛm tɪ ɪm,", ə ʃri ˈfeɪməs fər groʊɪŋ skɔrz əv ˈmæŋgoʊ vərˈaɪətiz ənd ˈneɪmɪŋ ðɛm ˈæftər səˈlɛbrɪtiz, toʊld pti*. "ɪt ɪz maɪ wɪʃ ðət aɪ kən ˈɔfər ɪm ðə kɪŋ əv fruts ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd aɪ æm ˈkɑnfədənt ðət hi wɪl ləv ɪt," sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət ɪt wʊd bi ən ˈɑnər ɪf ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər faɪndz ðə teɪst əv ðə frut tɪ hɪz ˈlaɪkɪŋ. ɪt həz ə gʊd ənd ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈbjutəfəl tɪ lʊk æt, hi sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðə frut skɪn bɛrz laɪnz əv ˈkrɪmzən ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪt ə ˈvɛri rɛr ənd əˈpilɪŋ hju. "ɔl ðoʊz hu hæv ˈteɪstɪd ɪt, bi ɪt əˈfɪʃəlz ər ðə ˌkɑnəˈsər əv ðə frut, hæv faʊnd ɪt ˈvɛri dɪˈlɪʃəs ənd dɪˈlɛktəbəl," hu həz ˈɔrʧərdz ɪn ðə ˈmæŋgoʊ bɛlt əv ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˌskərts əv ðə steɪt ˈkæpɪtəl sɛd. ðə ˈnoʊtɪd ˈmæŋgoʊ groʊər, hu həz bɪˈkəm ən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ɪn hɪz oʊn raɪt ˈhævɪŋ ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr tri ˈbɛrɪŋ fruts əv 300 ˈdɪfərənt vareities*, sɛd hi həz priˈpɛrd faɪv ˈsæplɪŋz əv 'ˈmoʊdi ˈmæŋgoʊ' ənd wɔnts tɪ ˈprɛzənt ðɛm tɪ ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər fər ˈplæntɪŋ ɪn hɪz hoʊm steɪt ˌgjuʤərˈæt. "aɪ wɔnt ðət ðə groʊz ɪn ˌgjuʤərˈæt," hi sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət ɪt ɪz ə krɔs bɪtˈwin ənd dussehri*., ə klæs drɔp aʊt hu həz ərnd ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən fɑr ənd waɪd fər hɪz ˌɪnəˈveɪʃənz, sɛd hi faɪndz ɪt səˈpraɪzɪŋ ðət ˈdɪgnəˌtɛriz ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ faɪnd taɪm tɪ ˈvɪzɪt hɪz ˈɔrʧərdz. "ˈfɔrən ˈdɛləˌgeɪts ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə hir fər səm ˈkɑnfərəns keɪm ˈoʊvər tɪ mi ˈrisəntli ənd wər dɪˈlaɪtɪd tɪ si ðə ˈdɪfərənt vərˈaɪətiz," hi sɛd. ɔn wət ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ɪm tɪ neɪm ə vərˈaɪəti ˈæftər ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər, hi sɛd ˈʤɛsʧər əv ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ hɛdz əv ˈmɛmbər ˈneɪʃənz tɪ hɪz oʊθ ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni ɛnˈdird ðə piɛm tɪ ɪm., hu hæd ˈərliər neɪmd hɪz ˈmæŋgoʊ vərˈaɪətiz ˈæftər rɑi ənd ˈsæʧən tendulkar*, ˈdɪfərənt vərˈaɪətiz ˈæftər ˈpipəl hu hæv ɪkˈsɛld ɪn ðɛr ˈɛriəz əv wərk soʊ ðət ðeɪ ər ˈɔlˌweɪz rɪˈmɛmbərd. ɪt ɪz nɑt ʤɪst hu həz neɪmd hɪz vərˈaɪətiz bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdɪgnəˌtɛriz ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ɪm hu hæv pʊt ɪn ðɛr ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən ɪn ˈfaɪndɪŋ neɪmz fər ɪm. "ðə ˈgəvərnər ti vi hæd neɪmd ə ˈbjutəfəl ˈmæŋgoʊ ˈhævɪŋ tu ˈkələrd skɪn, pəlp ənd teɪst ɛz 'anarkali*' ənd ˈɔlsoʊ əˈwɔrdɪd ɪm wɪθ ə kæʃ praɪz əv hi sɛd. ɔn haʊ hi dɪˈvɛləps ðə vərˈaɪətiz, sɛd ənˈlaɪk ˈəðərz hu dɪˈvɛləp ɪt θru ˈgræftɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs, hi ˈkrɔsɪz flaʊərz ənd soʊz ðɛr sidz ɛz ˈɛvəri sid ɪz ˈdɪfərənt frəm ðə ˈəðər. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈɑrʤuəs ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd ðə səkˈsɛs reɪt ɪz loʊ bət ðə wənz ðət səkˈsid ər wərθ ˈspɛndɪŋ taɪm ənd ˈɛnərʤi ɛz ðeɪ groʊ ˈɪntu rɛr ˈsæmpəlz, hi sɛd.
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haji kalimullah has become an institution in his own right having a particular tree bearing fruits of 300 different vareities. photo:reuters haji kalimullah has become an institution in his own right having a particular tree bearing fruits of 300 different vareities. photo:reuters
celebrated mango grower haji kalimullah has come out with a new "modi mango" variety and wishes that it will reach prime minister narendra modi so that he can taste this royal fruit named after him.
"i had kept the first fruits of the modi mango variety solely for the prime minister but i do not have a medium to send them to him," kalimullah, a padma shri awardee famous for growing scores of mango varieties and naming them after celebrities, told pti.
"it is my wish that i can offer him the king of fruits myself and i am confident that he will love it," kalimullah said, adding that it would be an honour if the prime minister finds the taste of the fruit to his liking.
it has a good tatste and is also beautiful to look at, he said, adding the fruit skin bears lines of crimson giving it a very rare and appealing hue.
"all those who have tasted it, be it officials or the connoisseur of the fruit, have found it very delicious and delectable," kalimullah who has orchards in the mango belt of malihabad on the outskirts of the state capital lucknow said.
the noted mango grower, who has become an institution in his own right having a particular tree bearing fruits of 300 different vareities, said he has prepared five saplings of 'modi mango' and wants to present them to the prime minister for planting in his home state gujarat.
"i want that the vareity grows in gujarat," he said, adding that it is a cross between kolkata's husn-e-aara and lucknow's dussehri.
kalimullah, a class vii drop out who has earned recognition far and wide for his innovations, said he finds it surprising that dignitaries coming to lucknow find time to visit his orchards.
"foreign delegates coming to the sgpgi here for some conference came over to me recently and were delighted to see the different varieties," he said.
on what inspired him to name a variety after the prime minister, he said modi's gesture of inviting heads of saarc member nations to his oath taking ceremony endeared the pm to him.
kalimullah, who had earlier named his mango varieties after aishwaryia rai and sachin tendulkar, christens different varieties after people who have excelled in their areas of work so that they are always remembered.
it is not just kalimullah who has named his varieties but also dignitaries visiting him who have put in their contribution in finding names for him.
"the rhen governor t v rajeswar had named a beautiful mango having two coloured skin, pulp and taste as 'anarkali' and also awarded him with a cash prize of rs," he said.
on how he develops the varieties, kalimullah said unlike others who develop it through grafting process, he crosses flowers and sows their seeds as every seed is different from the other.
nevertheless this is a very arduous process and the success rate is low but the ones that succeed are worth spending time and energy as they grow into rare samples, he said.
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æt list tu ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ɪn ðɪs ɔɪl sændz ˈsɪti wər sinz əv ˈətər ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən wɪθ ˌɪnˈsɪnərˌeɪtɪd hoʊmz ˈlɛvəld tɪ ðə graʊnd frəm ə ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər ðət fɔrt faɪər ʧif kɔld ə ə faɪər laɪk ˈnɛvər sin ɪn maɪ life.”*.” ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ bət ðə ˈwaɪdər ˈpɪkʧər wɑz mɔr ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk ɛz faɪər ʧif ˈdɑrbi ˈælən sɛd 85 pərˈsɛnt əv meɪn ɔɪl sændz ˈsɪti rɪˈmeɪnz ˌɪnˈtækt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈdɪstrɪkt. prɛˈmɪr dɪˈklɛrd ðə ˈsɪti hæd bɪn seɪvd, ˈædɪŋ ðət əˈfɪʃəlz hoʊp tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə ˈskɛʤʊl wɪˈθɪn tu wiks fər ˈθaʊzənz əv ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd ˈrɛzɪdənts tɪ bɪˈgɪn rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ðɛr hoʊmz. ælˈbərtə prɛˈmɪr ˈreɪʧəl sɛd əˈbaʊt hoʊmz ənd ˈbɪldɪŋz wər dɪˈstrɔɪd ɪn ðə ˈsɪti, bət ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtərz ˈmænɪʤd tɪ seɪv ˈəðərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, mjuˈnɪsəpəl ˈbɪldɪŋz ənd ˈɛvəri ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ skul. ˈsɪti wɑz sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ən ˈoʊʃən əv faɪər ˈoʊnli ə fju deɪz əˈgoʊ bət fɔrt məkˈməreɪ ənd ðə sərˈaʊndɪŋ kəmˈjunɪtiz hæv bɪn seɪvd ənd ðeɪ wɪl bi rebuilt,”*,” sɛd. [related-post*] ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ gɑt hər fərst dɪˈrɛkt lʊk æt ðə ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən ɪn fɔrt məkˈməreɪ ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈæftər koʊld ˈtɛmpərəʧərz ənd laɪt reɪn hæd ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzd ðə ˈmæsɪv ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər tɪ ə pɔɪnt wɛr əˈfɪʃəlz kʊd bɪˈgɪn ˈplænɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈθaʊzənz əv ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd ˈrɛzɪdənts bæk. ðə breɪk ɪn ðə ˈwɛðər lɛft əˈfɪʃəlz ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk riʧt ə ˈtərnɪŋ pɔɪnt ɔn ˈgɪtɪŋ ə ˈhændəl ɔn ðə ˈmæsɪv ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər. ðə ˈtɛmpərəʧər dɪpt tɪ 45 dɪˈgriz ˈfɛrənˌhaɪt 7 dɪˈgriz ˈsɛlsiəs) ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə wik wɛr ðə ˈriʤən hæd ənˈsizənəbli wɔrm ˈtɛmpərəʧərz. flu ɪn ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ tɪ mit wɪθ ˈloʊkəl əˈfɪʃəlz ənd tʊk ə graʊnd tʊr əv ðə taʊn ˌbiˈfɔr ˈhoʊldɪŋ ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns æt ðə ˈimərʤənsi ˈsɛnər. wɑz ˈvɛri məʧ strək baɪ ðə ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən əv ðə faɪər. ɪt wɑz ˈrɪli kwaɪt ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ ɪn səm spots,”*,” sɛd. aɪ wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ seɪ ðət aɪ wɑz strək baɪ ðə prɑkˈsɪməti əv ðət ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən tɪ ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ðət wər untouched.”*.” mɔr ðən 40 ˈʤərnəlɪsts wər əˈlaʊd ˈɪntu fɔrt məkˈməreɪ ɔn ə bəs ɛˈskɔrtɪd baɪ pəˈlis. ðə ˈfɔrɪst sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə roʊd ˈɪntu taʊn wɑz stɪl sˈmoʊldərɪŋ ənd ðɛr wər əˈbændənd kɑz. ˈoʊnli ðə saɪn rɪˈmeɪnd æt ə ˈsupər 8 moʊˈtɛl ənd ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ɔn ðə ɛʤ əv taʊn. ðə ˈbikən hɪl ˈneɪbərˌhʊd wɑz ə sin əv ˈətər ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən wɪθ hoʊmz bərnd daʊn tɪ ðɛr faʊnˈdeɪʃən. ˈælən sɛd æt wən pɔɪnt ðə faɪər ʤəmpt əˈkrɔs ə roʊd ɪn ˈbikən hɪl ðət ɪz 15 tɪ 20 fit tɪ 6 ˈmitərz) waɪd. ʤəmpt ðət wɪˈθaʊt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪt. ðɪs wɑz ə bist. ɪt wɑz ən ˈænəməl. ɪt wɑz ə faɪər laɪk ˈnɛvər sin ɪn maɪ life,”*,” hi sɛd ɔn ðə ˈmidiə bəs. ɪn ðə ˈərli ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ðə faɪər hi fɪrd ðət ɛz məʧ ɛz hæf ðə ˈsɪti kʊd bərn daʊn. ʤɪst wɔnt tɪ lɛt ðə ˈpipəl noʊ ðət ɪn ˈprɪti gʊd shape,”*,” hi sɛd. əv ðə ˈdæmɪʤd ˈɛriəz si ˈstrəkʧərz ðət ər kəmˈplitli gɔn ənd ˈstrəkʧərz ðət ər intact.”*.” ˈælən sɛd æt wən pɔɪnt ðə faɪər reɪst daʊn ə hɪl tɪ ðə ˈkɔrnər əv ə bæŋk, bət ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtərz wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ hɔlt ðə ɪnˈkroʊʧɪŋ fleɪmz æt ðə bæŋk. hæd ðeɪ feɪld tɪ stɑp ɪt ðɛr, ðə faɪər wʊd hæv dɪˈstrɔɪd ðə ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈdɪstrɪkt, hi sɛd. bət ˈəðər ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz wər nɑt spɛrd. ɪn ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt, ˈtaʊnˌhaʊsɪz wər kəmˈplitli dɪˈstrɔɪd, ənd ʧɑrd baɪks kʊd bi sin ɪn ˈbæˌkjɑrdz. ə ˈpɑrkɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪti wɑz bərnd tɪ ðə graʊnd. mɔr ðən ˈpipəl hæv lɛft fɔrt məkˈməreɪ sɪns ðə faɪər broʊk aʊt læst ˈtuzˌdeɪ ɪn ðə hɑrt əv ɔɪl sændz ˈriʤən. ðə bəlk əv ðə ɪˈvækjuiz muvd saʊθ ˈæftər ˈmændəˌtɔri ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən ˈɔrdər, bət ɪˈvækjuiz muvd nɔrθ ənd wər haʊzd ɪn kæmps ˈnɔrməli juzd fər ɔɪl sændz ˈwərkərz ənˈtɪl ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kʊd bi ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd saʊθ. gæs həz bɪn tərnd ɔf, ðə paʊər grɪd ɪz ˈdæmɪʤd ənd ˈwɔtər ɪz ɪn fɔrt məkˈməreɪ. mɔr ðən 250 paʊər ˈkəmpəˌni ˈwərkərz ər traɪɪŋ tɪ rɪˈstɔr ðə grɪd ənd əˈsɛs ðə gæs ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər. ər naʊ ˈtərnɪŋ ɑr maɪndz mɔr ənd mɔr tɪ ðə rɪˈkəvəri effort,”*,” ˈfɛdərəl ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti ˈmɪnɪstər rælf ˈgʊˌdeɪl sɛd. ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə lɔŋ tərm ɪnˈdɛvər bɪˈkəz æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt ðɛr ɪz noʊ paʊər ənd gæs, noʊ ˈpælətəbəl ˈwɔtər səˈplaɪ. ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈhæzərdəs məˈtɪriəl ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə pleɪs. goʊɪŋ tɪ teɪk ə ˈvɛri ˈkɛrfəl, ˈθɔtfəl ˈɛfərt tɪ gɪt ðət kəmˈjunɪti bæk ɪn ə ˈlɪvəbəl condition,”*,” ˈgʊˌdeɪl sɛd. sɛd ðə faɪər stɪl kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ groʊ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈsɪti ənd naʊ ɪz əˈbaʊt 787 skwɛr maɪəlz skwɛr ˈkɪləˌmitərz) ɪn saɪz. noʊ dɛθs ər ˈɪnʤəriz hæv bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd frəm ðə faɪər ˌɪtˈsɛlf. bət ðə faɪər həz fɔrst ɛz məʧ ɛz ə θərd əv ɔɪl ˈaʊtˌpʊt ˈɔˌflaɪn ənd wɑz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˌɪmˈpækt ən ɪˈkɑnəmi ɔˈrɛdi hərt baɪ ðə fɔl ɪn ɔɪl ˈpraɪsɪz. ʤɪst bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ bɪˈkəm əˈwɛr əv ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk impacts,”*,” kəˈneɪdiən praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈʤəstɪn truˈdoʊ sɛd. ɔɪl sændz hæv ðə rɪˈzərvz əv ɔɪl ɪn ðə wərld bɪˈhaɪnd ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ənd ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlə. ɪts ˈwərkərz ˈlɑrʤli lɪv ɪn fɔrt məkˈməreɪ, ə ˈfɔrmər frənˈtɪr huz ˈrɛzɪdənts ˈmoʊstli kəm frəm ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ˈkænədə. əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ðə faɪər didn’t’*’ riʧ ðə ˈsənˌkɔr ər ɔɪl sændz fəˈsɪlɪtiz nɔrθ əv fɔrt məkˈməreɪ, ənd ðət ðə ɔɪl maɪnz tɪ ðə nɔrθ ər nɑt θˈrɛtənd. sɛd ðɛr wɪl bi ə ˈmitɪŋ ˈtuzˌdeɪ wɪθ ðə ˈɛnərʤi ˈɪndəstri tɪ dɪˈskəs ðə steɪt əv ðə fəˈsɪlɪtiz ənd ðə ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. ˈsənˌkɔr sɛd leɪt ˈsənˌdi ɪt ɪz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ɪts plæn fər ə rɪˈtərn tɪ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. ˈænəlɪsts æt ˈgoʊldmən sɑks ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðə ˈwaɪldˌfaɪər həz rɪˈdust ɔɪl sændz pərˈdəkʃən baɪ ə ˈmɪljən ˈbɛrəlz pər deɪ, bət sɛd ɪn ə noʊt ðə læk əv ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ðə ɔɪl maɪnz kʊd əˈlaʊ fər ə fæst ræmp əp ɪn pərˈdəkʃən. ðeɪ ˈnoʊtɪd ðə kəmˈplit ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən əv ˌpərsəˈnɛl ənd əv ðə ˈsɪti kʊd pɔɪnt tɪ ə mɔr ˈgræʤuəl rɪˈkəvəri. ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ælˈbərtə hɛlθ ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈdɑktər. krɪs sɪˈkɔrə sɛd ə ˈvaɪrəl ˈstəmək ˈvaɪrəs broʊk aʊt əˈməŋ 40 tɪ 50 ɪˈvækjuiz æt ðə ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən ˈsɛnər ɪn ˈɛdməntən wɛr 600 ˈpipəl ər steɪɪŋ ənd wɛr faɪv tɪ sɪks ˈθaʊzənd milz ə deɪ ər biɪŋ priˈpɛrd fər ðə ˈθaʊzənz əv ɪˈvækjuiz. ˈsɪmptəmz ˌɪnˈklud ˈnɔziə, ˈvɑmətɪŋ ənd ˌdaɪərˈiə. ðeɪ wər ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd.
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at least two neighborhoods in this oil sands city were scenes of utter devastation with incinerated homes leveled to the ground from a wildfire that fort mcmurray’s fire chief called a “beast … a fire like i’ve never seen in my life.”
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but the wider picture was more optimistic as fire chief darby allen said 85 percent of canada’s main oil sands city remains intact, including the downtown district. alberta’s premier declared the city had been saved, adding that officials hope to provide a schedule within two weeks for thousands of evacuated residents to begin returning to their homes.
alberta premier rachel notley said about 2,400 homes and buildings were destroyed in the city, but firefighters managed to save 25,000 others, including the hospital, municipal buildings and every functioning school.
“this city was surrounded by an ocean of fire only a few days ago but fort mcmurray and the surrounding communities have been saved and they will be rebuilt,” notley said.
[related-post]
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notley got her first direct look at the devastation in fort mcmurray on monday after cold temperatures and light rain had stabilized the massive wildfire to a point where officials could begin planning to get thousands of evacuated residents back.
the break in the weather left officials optimistic they’ve reached a turning point on getting a handle on the massive wildfire. the temperature dipped to 45 degrees fahrenheit (7 degrees celsius) on monday following a week where the region had unseasonably warm temperatures.
notley flew in monday morning to meet with local officials and took a ground tour of the town before holding a news conference at the emergency center.
“i was very much struck by the devastation of the fire. it was really quite overwhelming in some spots,” notley said. “but i will also say that i was struck by the proximity of that devastation to neighborhoods that were untouched.”
more than 40 journalists were allowed into fort mcmurray on a bus escorted by police. the forest surrounding the road into town was still smoldering and there were abandoned cars. only the sign remained at a super 8 motel and denny’s restaurant on the edge of town.
the beacon hill neighborhood was a scene of utter devastation with homes burned down to their foundation.
allen said at one point the fire jumped across a road in beacon hill that is 15 to 20 feet (4.5 to 6 meters) wide.
“it jumped that without thinking about it. this was a beast. it was an animal. it was a fire like i’ve never seen in my life,” he said on the media bus.
in the early stages of the fire he feared that as much as half the city could burn down.
“i just want to let the people know that we’re in pretty good shape,” he said. “typical of the damaged areas you’ll see structures that are completely gone and structures that are intact.”
allen said at one point the fire raced down a hill to the corner of a bank, but firefighters were able to halt the encroaching flames at the bank. had they failed to stop it there, the fire would have destroyed the downtown district, he said.
but other neighborhoods were not spared. in the abasand district, townhouses were completely destroyed, and charred children’s bikes could be seen in backyards. a parking facility was burned to the ground.
more than 88,000 people have left fort mcmurray since the fire broke out last tuesday in the heart of canada’s oil sands region. the bulk of the city’s evacuees moved south after tuesday’s mandatory evacuation order, but 25,000 evacuees moved north and were housed in camps normally used for oil sands workers until they also could be evacuated south.
gas has been turned off, the power grid is damaged and water is undrinkable in fort mcmurray. more than 250 power company workers are trying to restore the grid and assess the gas infrastructure.
“we are now turning our minds more and more to the recovery effort,” federal public safety minister ralph goodale said.
“this is going to be a long term endeavor because at the moment there is no power and gas, no palatable water supply. there’s dangerous hazardous material all over the place. it’s going to take a very careful, thoughtful effort to get that community back in a livable condition,” goodale said.
notley said the fire still continues to grow outside the city and now is about 787 square miles (2,020 square kilometers) in size.
no deaths or injuries have been reported from the fire itself. but the fire has forced as much as a third of canada’s oil output offline and was expected to impact an economy already hurt by the fall in oil prices.
“we’re just beginning to become aware of the economic impacts,” canadian prime minister justin trudeau said.
alberta’s oil sands have the third-largest reserves of oil in the world behind saudi arabia and venezuela. its workers largely live in fort mcmurray, a former frontier outpost-turned-city whose residents mostly come from elsewhere in canada.
officials said the fire’ reach the suncor or syncrude oil sands facilities north of fort mcmurray, and that the oil mines to the north are not threatened. notley said there will be a meeting tuesday with the energy industry to discuss the state of the facilities and the impact on operations.
suncor said late sunday it is beginning to implement its plan for a return to operations. analysts at goldman sachs estimated the wildfire has reduced canada’s oil sands production by a million barrels per day, but said in a note the lack of damage to the oil mines could allow for a fast ramp up in production. they noted the complete evacuation of personnel and of the city could point to a more gradual recovery.
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alberta health services dr. chris sikora said a viral stomach virus broke out among 40 to 50 evacuees at the northlands evacuation center in edmonton where 600 people are staying and where five to six thousand meals a day are being prepared for the thousands of evacuees. symptoms include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. they were isolated.
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sɪns aɪ ʤɔɪnd, aɪ hæv hərd frəm ˈkəstəmərz ðət ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ skeɪl ˈstɔrɪʤ (kəˈpæsɪti) ˈsɛpərˌeɪt tɪ kəmˈpjut ɛz ðeɪ hæv dən ɪn trəˈdɪʃənəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts. aɪ roʊt ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ə waɪl əˈgoʊ əˈbaʊt ˈskeɪlɪŋ ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ trəˈdɪʃənəl ʃɛrd ˈstɔrɪʤ wɪʧ dɪˈskəsɪz waɪ ˈskeɪlɪŋ ˈstɔrɪʤ kəˈpæsɪti ˈsɛpərətli kən bi ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk. ɛz səʧ aɪ stɪl bɪˈliv ˈskeɪlɪŋ kəˈpæsɪti ˈsɛpərətli ɪz mɔr əv ə pərˈsivd ædˈvæntɪʤ ðən ə ril wən ɪn moʊst ˈkeɪsɪz, əˈspɛʃəli wɪθ trəˈdɪʃənəl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər hir æt wi hæv lɑkt ɑrˈsɛlvz əˈweɪ ənd ˈbreɪnˌstɔrmd haʊ wi kən skeɪl kəˈpæsɪti wɪˈθaʊt dɪˈgreɪdɪŋ pərˈfɔrməns ənd wɪˈθaʊt ˈlusɪŋ ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ə ˈplætˌfɔrm səʧ ɛz ˈdætə loʊˈkæləti ənd ˈlɪniər scalability*. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr duɪŋ soʊ æd ˈɛni ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri kɔst. ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ ðə ə nu only”*” noʊd! wət ɪz ɪt? ðə ɪz ə 2 noʊd pər 2 ˈɑˈrju blɑk, wɪʧ həz 2 ˈsɪŋgəl ˈsɑkət ˈsərvərz wɪθ 1 ənd 5 ɛks ənd 2 ɛks fər ˈnɛtˌwərk kənɛkˈtɪvɪti. haʊ dɪz ɪt wərk? ɛz wɪθ ɔl noʊdz, ðə rənz ðə kənˈtroʊlər (cvm*) wɪʧ ˈprɛzənts ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈstɔrɪʤ tɪ ðə dɪˈstrɪbjətəd faɪl ˈsɪstəm (ndfs*). ðə meɪn ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə ənd ˈəðər noʊdz ɪz ðət ɪt ɪz nɑt ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈkləstər ənd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt dɪz nɑt rən ˈvərʧuəl məˈʃinz, bət ɪt ɪz ə ˈfʊli ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈkləstər. ðə bɪˈloʊ ˈdaɪəˌgræm ʃoʊz ə 3 noʊd ər ˈkləstər wɪθ ˈstɔrɪʤ pərˈzɛnəd baɪ ə 5 noʊd ˈkləstər ˈjuzɪŋ 3 ɛks ɛz ənd 2 ɛks noʊdz ɛz ˈstɔrɪʤ ˈoʊnli. bɪˈkəz ðə dɪz nɑt rən vms*, ɪt ˈoʊnli rɪˈsivz ˈdætə ˈviə raɪt ˌrɛplɪˈkeɪʃən frəm ˈfæktər 2 ər 3 ənd dɪsk ˈbælənsɪŋ. ðɪs minz fər ˈɛvəri ɪn ən ˈkləstər, ðə raɪt pərˈfɔrməns fər ðə ˈkləstər ˌɪnˈkrisɪz bɪˈkəz əv ðə əˈdɪʃənəl. ðɪs ɪz haʊ ɪnˈʃʊrz wi əˈvɔɪd ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl kəˈpæsɪti ˈskeɪlɪŋ ˈɪʃuz əv. rul əv θəm: skeɪl kəˈpæsɪti wɪˈθaʊt ˈskeɪlɪŋ ˈstɔrɪʤ kənˈtroʊlərz! ðə ˈrənɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪdz ˈdætə rɪˈdəkʃən ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz ʤɪst laɪk ˈəðər noʊdz, soʊ ˈdætə rɪˈdəkʃən kən əˈkər wɪθ ˈivɪn loʊər ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ˈvərʧuəl məˈʃin. wət əˈbaʊt ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ? ðə rənz ðə ɔn ə ˈvərʒən əv wɪʧ dɪz nɑt ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈɛni ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ. fər ˈkəstəmərz ˈjuzɪŋ ər, ðə prəˈvaɪdz ˈstɔrɪʤ pərˈfɔrməns ənd kəˈpæsɪti tɪ ðə ˈkləstər wɪʧ sərvz ðə. ðɪs rɪˈzəlts ɪz mɔr ˈstɔrɪʤ kəˈpæsɪti ənd pərˈfɔrməns wɪθ noʊ əˈdɪʃənəl kɔsts. wɔnt mɔr? ʧɛk aʊt haʊ ɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈjuzəbəl kəˈpæsɪti wɪθ ˈkoʊdɪŋ!
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since i joined nutanix, i have heard from customers that they want to scale storage (capacity) separate to compute as they have done in traditional san/nas environments.
i wrote an article a while ago about scaling problems with traditional shared storage which discusses why scaling storage capacity separately can be problematic. as such i still believe scaling capacity separately is more of a perceived advantage than a real one in most cases, especially with traditional san/nas.
however here at nutanix we have locked ourselves away and brainstormed how we can scale capacity without degrading performance and without loosing the benefits of a nutanix hyper-converged platform such as data locality and linear scalability.
at the same time, we wanted to ensure doing so didn’t add any unnecessary cost.
introducing the nx-6035c , a newstorage only” node!
what is it?
the nx-6035c is a 2 node per 2 ru block, which has 2 single socket servers with 1 ssd and 5 x 3.5″ sata hdds and 2 x 10gb nics for network connectivity.
how does it work?
as with all nutanix nodes, the nx-6035c runs the nutanix controller vm (cvm) which presents the local storage to the nutanix distributed file system (ndfs).
the main difference between the nx-6035c and other nutanix nodes is that it is not a member of the hypervisor cluster and as a result does not run virtual machines, but it is a fully functional member of the ndfs cluster.
the below diagram shows a 3 node vsphere or hyper-v cluster with storage presented by a 5 node ndfs cluster using 3 x nx-8150s as compute+storage and 2 x nx-6035c nodes as storage only.
because the nx-6035c does not run vms, it only receives data via write i/o replication from resliency factor 2 or 3 and disk balancing.
this means for every nx-6035c in an ndfs cluster, the write performance for the cluster increases because of the additional cvm. this is how nutanix ensures we avoid the traditional capacity scaling issues of san/nas.
rule of thumb: don’t scale capacity without scaling storage controllers!
the cvm running on the nx-6035c also provides data reduction capabilities just like other nutanix nodes, so data reduction can occur with even lower impact on virtual machine i/o.
what about hypervisor licensing?
the nx-6035c runs the cvm on a nutanix optimized version of kvm which does not require any hypervisor licensing.
for customers using vsphere or hyper-v, the nx-6035c provides storage performance and capacity to the ndfs cluster which serves the hypervisor.
this results is more storage capacity and performance with no additional hypervisor costs.
want more? check out how nutanix is increasing usable capacity with erasure coding!
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“* hæv tɪ teɪk maɪ wərd fər it,”*,” sɛd ə ˈspoʊkspərsən fər ðə moʊst trænˈspɛrənt ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪn ˈhɪstəri wɪn rɪˈpɔrtərz æst hər tɪ səbˈstænʧiˌeɪt hər kleɪm ðət ðə siaɪeɪ riˈmuvd ˈrɛfərənsɪz tɪ ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts frəm ðə ˈtɔkɪŋ pɔɪnts ˌbiˈfɔr ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈɛvər sɔ ðɛm. ju lʊk æt ðə ˈtɔkɪŋ pɔɪnts ənd ðə treɪn əv ðət, ðə ˈrɛfərəns tɪ æl wɑz ˈteɪkən aʊt ˈivɪn ˌbiˈfɔr ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt sɔ ðə ˈtɔkɪŋ points,”*,” ʤɛn, ˈfɔrmər ˈtrævəlɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn prɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri fər ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə tim ɪn 2012 toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt prɛs ˈbrifɪŋ ˈmənˌdeɪ. ðɪs ˈkɑmɛnt pʊt ɪn ə taɪt spɑt bɪˈkəz ʃi hæd ʤɪst dɪˈnaɪd ə rɪkˈwɛst ðət ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt riˈlis ɔl dræfts əv ðə ˈtɔkɪŋ pɔɪnts. əˈpriʃiˌeɪt jʊr ask,”*,” ʃi hæd rɪˈplaɪd, ˈjuzɪŋ ə stɑk ʤeɪ ˈkɑrni ˈænsər. nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ plænd æt ðɪs taɪm, ənd ɪf ðət ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈsərtənli lɛt ju know.”*.” səˈʤɛsʧən ðət ðeɪ æt ðə ˈtɔkɪŋ points”*” geɪv wən rɪˈpɔrtər ən ˈoʊpənɪŋ. noʊ ðət ɪt wɑz ˈteɪkən aʊt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt sɔ ɪt bɪˈkəz ju riˈlist ɔl ðət information,”*,” ðə rɪˈpɔrtər ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt. ʤɪst ˈtɛlɪŋ mi that.”*.” right,”*,” rɪˈplaɪd. ““well*, hæv tɪ teɪk maɪ wərd fər ɪt, ər aɪ bɪˈliv ðət iˈmeɪl meɪ hæv bɪn ˈpəblɪk. bət ðə ˈlɑrʤər pɔɪnt hir, bræd, ɪz ðət ðɪs ɪz ən ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. aɪ noʊ ðət laɪk tɪ si səm rɪˈzəlts əv ðət, ɛz ˈmɛni ˈpipəl wʊd. ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ðə ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri, ðɛr ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts ənd ˈpɑrtnərz ɪn ðə ˌɪnˈtɛl kəmˈjunɪti, ər ˈvɛri ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn that.”*.” æt wɪʧ pɔɪnt, wən əv ðə prɛs kɔrz snarked*, ðɛr ə ˈstæʧut əv ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz ɔn ðɪs ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ər dɪz ɪt ɛnd ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 22nd*, 2016 ər something?”*?”
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“ you’ll have to take my word for it,” said a spokesperson for the most transparent administration in history when reporters asked her to substantiate her claim that the cia removed references to terrorists from the benghazi talking points before the state department ever saw them.
“if you look at the talking points and the train of that, the reference to al qaeda was taken out even before the state department saw the talking points,” jen psaki, former traveling campaign press secretary for the obama team in 2012, told reporters during the state department press briefing monday.
this comment put psaki in a tight spot because she had just denied a reporter’s request that the state department release all drafts of the talking points.
“i appreciate your ask,” she had replied, using a stock jay carney answer. “that’s not something that’s planned at this time, and if that changes we’ll certainly let you know.”
psaki’s suggestion that they “look at the talking points” gave one reporter an opening. “i can’t know that it was taken out before the state department saw it because you haven’t released all that information,” the reporter pointed out. “you’re just telling me that.”
“all right,” psaki replied. “well, you’ll have to take my word for it, or i believe that email may have been public. but the larger point here, brad, is that this is an ongoing investigation. i know that you’d like to see some results of that, as many people would. the president and the secretary, their counterparts and partners in the intel community, are very focused on that.”
at which point, one of the press corps snarked, “is there a statute of limitations on this investigation, or does it end in january 22nd, 2016, or something?”
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ən ˌɔfˈduti ˈglɛnˌdeɪl ˈɔfɪsər juzd ə ˈteɪzər ɔn ə ˈstudənt ˈdʊrɪŋ ə faɪt ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ æt ˈdɛzərt skaɪ ˈmɪdəl skul ɪn ˈglɛnˌdeɪl. ˈɔfɪsər ˈʤəstɪn ˈkɑləm əv ˈglɛnˌdeɪl pəˈlis wɑz ˈwərkɪŋ ən ˌɔfˈduti ʤɑb ɛz ə skul ˈrisɔrs ˈɔfɪsər ɪn ˈjunəˌfɔrm æt ðə skul ɔn ˈgroʊvərz ˈævəˌnu nɪr ˈævəˌnu, sɛd dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈtɛrə ˈsɪmənsən wɪθ ðə ˈglɛnˌdeɪl pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt. tu meɪl ˈstudənts wər ˈfaɪtɪŋ nɪr ðə ˈfʊtˌbɔl fild ənd ˈkɑləm toʊld ðɛm tɪ stɑp, ə prɛs riˈlis sɛd. wɪn ðə ˈstudənts dɪd nɑt rɪˈspɑnd ənd kənˈtɪnjud ˈfaɪtɪŋ, ˈkɑləm juzd hɪz ˈteɪzər ɔn ðə aggressor�*� tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈɪnʤəri tɪ ðə ˈəðər ˈstudənt, ðə riˈlis sɛd. ðə ˈstudənt aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ðə əˈgrɛsər wɑz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ðə riˈlis ɛz 6 fit 1 ˈɪnʧɪz ənd 145 paʊnz. ðə ˈəðər ˈstudənt wɑz dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz biɪŋ sˈmɔlər. ˈæftər ˈkɑləm stɑpt ðə faɪt, ðə əˈgrɛsər wɑz ˈteɪkən ˈɪntu ˈkəstədi. ˈniðər ˈstudənt ɪn ðə faɪt ˈsəfərd ˈsɪriəs ˈɪnʤəriz, ðə riˈlis sɛd. boʊθ ˈstudənts wər riˈlist tɪ ðɛr ˈpɛrənts. ˈʧɑrʤɪz ɪn ðə faɪt wər biɪŋ rɪˈfərd tɪ ðə ˌmɑrɪˈkoʊpə ˈkaʊnti əˈtərni ˈʤuvəˌnaɪl dɪˈvɪʒən. boʊθ ˈstudənts kʊd feɪs ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv əˈsɔlt ənd dɪˈsɔrdərli ˈkɑndəkt, ðə riˈlis sɛd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə riˈlis, ən ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ɪz biɪŋ kənˈdəktəd ɔn ˈkɑləm fər ðə juz əv fɔrs, wɪʧ ɪz ˈnɔrməl ˈpræktɪs wɪn ə ˈteɪzər ɪz juzd.
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an off-duty glendale officer used a taser on a 14-year-old student during a fight tuesday morning at desert sky middle school in glendale.
officer justin collum of glendale police was working an off-duty job as a school resource officer in uniform at the school on grovers avenue near 51st avenue, said detective tara simonson with the glendale police department.
two 14-year-old male students were fighting near the football field and collum told them to stop, a press release said.
when the students did not respond and continued fighting, collum used his taser on the �primary aggressor� to prevent injury to the other student, the release said.
the student identified as the aggressor was described in the release as 6 feet 1 inches and 145 pounds. the other student was described as being smaller.
after collum stopped the fight, the aggressor was taken into custody. neither student in the fight suffered serious injuries, the release said. both students were released to their parents.
charges in the fight were being referred to the maricopa county attorney juvenile division. both students could face charges of assault and disorderly conduct, the release said.
according to the release, an internal investigation is being conducted on collum for the use of force, which is normal practice when a taser is used.
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tu wiks əˈgoʊ, aɪ dɪˈfɛndɪd ðoʊz hu ˈɑrgju ðət ɪts taɪm tɪ bɪld ɔn ðə grin bɛlt. aɪ əˈgri ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli wɪθ wən ˈkaʊnsəl ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv hu toʊld mi ðət ðə dɪˈskəmfərt fɛlt baɪ kəmˈjunɪtiz ˈfeɪsɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ðɛr ˈɛriə ɪz "ˈnəθɪŋ kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə ˈægrəgət peɪn ðət ˈpipəl fil ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri bɪˈkəz ðɛr ɪz ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt ˈhaʊzɪŋ fər ðɛm ənd ðɛr ˈfæməliz". ɪt keɪm ɛz noʊ ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr səˈpraɪz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪn maɪ ˈɑrtɪkəl prəˈvoʊkt fɪrs dəˈbeɪt. wən ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər dɪsəˈgrid wɪθ ɪt, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət nu dɪˈvɛləpmənt wʊd ˈsɪmpli lɛd tɪ "ˈərbən sprɔl": "ˈərbən sprɔl ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti, kraɪm ənd pəˈluʃən, ɪt dɪˈstrɔɪz boʊθ ðə ˈsɪti ənd ðə ˈkəntri ənd livz bɪˈhaɪnd ə mɛs əv ˈhaɪˌweɪz, ʃɛdz, ˈbærət hoʊmz ənd ˈbɪznɪs pɑrks." ˈəðərz riˈmaɪndɪd ˈjuˈɛs ˈɔlsoʊ ðət ðɛr ɪz əˈnəðər ˈɔpʃən. ɪf dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ˈrʊrəl ər prəˈtɛktɪd ˈɛriəz ɪz ənˈpælətəbəl, ðɛn wi nid tɪ bɪld ˈəpwərdz ˌɪnˈstɛd. ənˈlaɪk ˈmɛni ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkəntriz, ənd ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈkɑntræst tɪ ˈkəntriz wɪθ lɑrʤ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz səʧ ɛz ʤəˈpæn, wi hæv ə ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ˌæspərˈeɪʃən. ðə ˈɪmɪʤ əv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ drim hoʊm ɛz ə dɪˈtæʧt haʊs wɪθ ə ˈgɑrdən pərˈsɪsts, dɪˈspaɪt ɔl ðə ˈprɑbləmz ðət wi noʊ ɑr ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈʃɔrtɪʤ ɪz ˈstɔrɪŋ əp fər ˈjuˈɛs. ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈfæktərz hæv kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˈkəlʧər ɪn wɪʧ ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪz ðə nɔrm. fərst, ðə ʤiˈɑgrəfi meɪks ɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ bɪld: 72 əv ʤəˈpænz lænd ɪz ˈmaʊntənəs, ˈminɪŋ ɪts ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ˈɔlˌmoʊst 128 ˈmɪljən məst skwiz ˈɪntu wət ɪz lɛft. ˈsɛkənd, ðə ˈwərkɪŋ deɪ fər prəˈfɛʃənəlz ɪz ˈvɛri lɔŋ. ɪt ɪz ˈjuʒəwəl tɪ wərk ənˈtɪl ər ˈmɪdˌnaɪt ɔn ən ˈævərɪʤ ˈwərkɪŋ deɪ. kəmˈjutɪŋ ɪz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl, soʊ ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv prəˈfɛʃənəlz lɪv wɪθ ðɛr ˈfæməliz ɪn ðə ˈsɪti ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ wərk. ˈoʊnɪŋ ə ˈpraɪvət hoʊm wɪθ ə ˈgɑrdən ɪz nɑt ə ˈminɪŋfəl ˌæspərˈeɪʃən ɪn ʤəˈpæn; ɪt ɪz ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti ˈoʊnli əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ðə super-wealthy*. ˈmɪdəlˈklæs ˈfæməliz əˈspaɪr tɪ ə ˈkəmfərtəbəl əˈpɑrtmənt ɪn ə ˈsɪti wɛr ðɛr ɪz ˈsteɪbəl ɪmˈplɔɪmənt fər ðə hɛd əv ðə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld (wɪʧ ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌjunəˈvərsəli ə mæn). hir ɪn ðə, əˈpɑrtmənts ər flæts əˈspɛʃəli ɪn dɪˈvɛləpmənts hæv ˈnɛvər bɪn ə ˈtɛnjər əv ˌæspərˈeɪʃən. ðeɪ ər ˈiðər səˈnɑnəməs wɪθ ˈpɑvərti, ɛz ˈmɛni ˈkaʊnsəl ər ˈhaʊzɪŋ əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ˈprɑpərtiz rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ðə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ɛˈsteɪts əv ðə leɪt ənd 1970s*, ər ðeɪ ər ə ˈləgʒəri ðət rɪˈmeɪnz aʊt əv riʧ tɪ ˈɛniˌwən hu kən bi ˈminɪŋfəli ˈleɪbəld ɛz ˈmɪdəl klæs. əˈpɑrtmənts nɪr ðə tɔp əv ðə ʃɑrd, wɪθ ˈbrɛθˌteɪkɪŋ vjuz əˈkrɔs ˈləndən, ər ˈsɛlɪŋ fər £50m*. lɛs ðən ə maɪl əˈweɪ ɪn saʊθ ˈləndən, ˈfɔrmər ˈkaʊnsəl flæts ɪn taʊər dɪˈvɛləpmənts ər ˈsɛlɪŋ fər ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn ˈləndən ðət θɪŋz ər ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ. ðə ˈgreɪtər ˈləndən əˈθɔrəti ənd ðə bəroʊz hæv ækˈsɛptɪd ðət ˈmitɪŋ dɪˈmænd wɪˈθɪn ðə kənˈstreɪnts əv ðə ˈkæpɪtəlz ˈplænɪŋ ˈsɪstəm wɪl min ˈbɪldɪŋ æt haɪər ˈdɛnsətiz. bət stɪl, tu ˈɔfən, ðɪs ʧeɪnʤ ɪz biɪŋ baɪ ðə dɪˈmændz əv ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ˈrəðər ðən ɑr oʊn hoʊm baɪərz, ɛz ˈpitər ˈməri, ˈfaʊndər əv ðə nu ˈləndən ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər ˈsɛntər, raɪts: "ˌɔlˈðoʊ haɪt ɪz nɑt ən ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˌɪnˈgridiənt əv haɪər ˈdɛnsətiz, ɪt kən prəˈvaɪd ə ˈgreɪtər sɛns əv speɪs ðən loʊər dɪˈvɛləpmənts, ənd ɪz ˈpɑpjələr wɪθ ˈoʊvərˈsiz baɪərz, hu ər ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈtərgət ˈmɑrkɪt fər ˈhaʊzɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpərz raɪt naʊ." waɪl aɪ woʊnt bi ˈɑrgjuɪŋ fər ˈwərkɪŋ deɪz ər ˈʤɛndər ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti, ðɛr ər səm ˈlɛsənz wi nid tɪ lərn frəm ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈsoʊʃəl ɪgˈzæmpəl. ðə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪt kən noʊ ˈlɔŋgər prəˈvaɪd ðə kaɪnd əv hoʊmz wi wɔnt, ɪn ðə ˈpleɪsɪz wi wɔnt ðɛm, æt ən əˈfɔrdəbəl praɪs ənˈlɛs ˈsəmθɪŋ gɪvz. ɪf wɔnt tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə grin bɛlt, ðɛn ˈmɪdəlˈklæs ˌæspərˈeɪʃənz məst ʃɪft. wi nid tɪ bɪld; ɪf nɑt aʊt, ðɛn əp. wɔnt tɪ hæv jʊr seɪ ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt? ˈkɑnˌtækt ðɪs ˈkɑntɛnt ɪz brɔt tɪ ju baɪ ˈgɑrdiən prəˈfɛʃənəl. ʤɔɪn ðə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈnɛtˌwərk fər mɔr nuz, æˈnælɪsɪs ənd ˈkɑmɛnt dɪˈrɛkt tɪ ju
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two weeks ago, i defended those who argue that it's time to build on the green belt. i agree fundamentally with one council chief executive who told me that the discomfort felt by communities facing development in their area is "nothing compared to the aggregate pain that people feel in this country because there is insufficient housing for them and their families".
it came as no particular surprise, however, when my article provoked fierce debate. one commentator disagreed with it, arguing that new development would simply lead to "urban sprawl": "urban sprawl increases inequality, crime and pollution, it destroys both the city and the country and leaves behind a gloopy mess of highways, sheds, barratt homes and business parks."
others reminded us also that there is another option. if development in rural or protected areas is unpalatable, then we need to build upwards instead.
unlike many european countries, and in particular contrast to countries with large populations such as japan, we have a problem with aspiration. the image of the british dream home as a detached house with a garden persists, despite all the problems that we know our housing shortage isoring up for us.
in japan, a series of factors have created a culture in which high-rise living is the norm. first, the geography makes it difficult to build: 72% of japan's land is mountainous, meaning its population of almost 128 million must squeeze into what is left. second, the working day for professionals is very long. it is usual to work until 11pm or midnight on an average working day. commuting is impossible, so the majority of professionals live with their families in the city in which they work.
owning a private home with a garden is not a meaningful aspiration in japan; it is an opportunity only available to the super-wealthy. middle-class families aspire to a comfortable apartment in a well-equipped city where there isable employment for the head of the household (which in japan, is almost universally a man).
here in the uk, apartments or flats – especially in high-rise developments – have never been a tenure of aspiration. they are either synonymous with poverty, as many council or housing association properties remain in the high-rise brutalist housing estates of the late 1960s and 1970s, or they are a luxury that remains out of reach to anyone who can be meaningfully labelled as middle class. apartments near the top of the shard, with breathtaking views across london, are selling for £50m. less than a mile away in south london, former council flats in tower developments are selling for little more than £100,000.
it is also in london that things arearting to change. the greater london authority and the boroughs have accepted that meeting demand within the constraints of the capital's planning system will mean building at higher densities. butill, too often, this change is being moulded by the demands of foreign investors rather than our own home buyers,
as peter murray, founder of the new london architecture centre, writes: "although height is not an essential ingredient of higher densities, it can provide a greater sense of space than lower developments, and is popular with overseas buyers, who are the major target market for housing developers right now."
while i won't be arguing for 18-hour working days or gender inequality, there are some lessons we need to learn from the japanese social example.
the uk housing market can no longer provide the kind of homes we want, in the places we want them, at an affordable price unless something gives. if want to protect the green belt, then middle-class aspirations must shift.
we need to build; if not out, then up.
• want to have your say on the subject? contact housingnetwork@theguardian.com
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ə ˌɪndoʊˈniʒən meɪd wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ naɪt (ʤun 7 ˈæftər ʃi əˈlɛʤədli stæbd ðə ˈkəpəl hu ɪmˈplɔɪd hər, ˈkɪlɪŋ ə ˈwʊmən ənd ˈlivɪŋ hər ˈhəzbənd rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈsərʤəri fər hɪz wundz. ˈneɪbərz sɛd ðeɪ hərd ˈlɪtəl ənˈtɪl ðə pis əv ə ˈpraɪvət ɛˈsteɪt ɪn wɑz ˈʃætərd baɪ ˈæmbjələnsɪz ənd pəˈlis kɑz ərˈaɪvɪŋ æt ðə haʊs æt 50c*, eɪʧ, wɛr ðə əˈlɛʤd ˈstæbɪŋz tʊk pleɪs ˈæftər 8pm*. ðə mæn hu wɑz stæbd bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ˈmɪstər ɔŋ ˈkiən sun, 57 wɑz ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈteɪkən tɪ ˈʤɛnərəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəl (cgh*). pəˈlis rɪˈsivd ə kɔl əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɪnsədənt æt 8.48pm*. wɪn ˈɔfɪsərz əraɪvd, ðeɪ dɪˈskəvərd ðə ˈmoʊʃənləs ˈbɑdi əv ə ˈwʊmən ɪn ə ˈtɔɪlət ɔn ðə ˈsɛkənd flɔr. ˌpɛrəˈmɛdɪks prəˈnaʊnst hər dɛd æt əˈbaʊt 9.03pm*. pəˈlis hæv ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ðə keɪs ɛz ˈmərdər, ənd ər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ. ðə streɪts taɪmz ˌəndərˈstændz ðət ðə meɪd hæd juzd ə naɪf tɪ əˈtæk hər ɪmˈplɔɪərz. ɪt ɪz bɪˈlivd ðət ˈmɪstər ɔŋ wɛnt əpˈstɛrz ˈæftər hi hərd ə kəˈmoʊʃən ɪn ðə ˈtɔɪlət. wɪn hi ˈoʊpənd ðə dɔr, ðə meɪd ʧɑrʤd æt ɪm wɪθ ə naɪf ənd ə ˈtəsəl ɪnˈsud. pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz kənˈdəktɪŋ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz æt ðə haʊs ɪn, wɛr ðə əˈlɛʤd ˈstæbɪŋz tʊk pleɪs, ɔn ʤun 7 2016 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkɛvɪn lɪm hi ˈmænɪʤd tɪ səbˈdu ðə meɪd, hu ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ hæv bɪn ˈɪnʤərd ɪn ðə ˈstrəgəl ɛz wɛl. ˈneɪbərz ðə streɪts taɪmz spoʊk tɪ əˈpɪrd ʃɑkt ɛz ɪt dɔnd ɔn ðɛm ðət ə ˈkɪlɪŋ hæd ˈteɪkən pleɪs ɪn ðɛr ɛˈsteɪt. wən ˈbaɪˌstændər sɛd hi sɔ ən ˈæmbjələns ənd fɔr pəˈlis kɑz liv ðə sin æt əˈbaʊt 9.15pm*. θri məˈleɪʒənz hu wər ˈpæsɪŋ baɪ sɛd ðeɪ hərd ə mæn kraɪ fər hɛlp ənd sɔ ɪm ˈrənɪŋ təˈwɔrdz ðə frənt geɪt ˈhoʊldɪŋ ðə meɪd. hi hæd tu wundz ɔn hɪz nɛk. ðə ˈtriˌoʊ, hu dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ bi neɪmd, ˈædɪd ðət ðeɪ hɛlpt tɪ riˈstreɪn hər. ˈɔfɪsərz kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ˈgæðər ˈɛvədəns, ənd baɪ 11pm*, ðə haʊs ənd ə strɛʧ əv roʊd ɪn frənt əv ɪt hæd bɪn ˈkɔrdənd ɔf. pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz kənˈdəktɪŋ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə sin əv ðə kraɪm, ɪn leɪt ɔn ðə naɪt əv ʤun 7 2016 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkɛvɪn lɪm wɪn ðə streɪts taɪmz əraɪvd æt ðə sin ɪn, ə mæn wɑz sin kraɪɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə haʊs, wɪʧ hæd ə rɛd ˈbænər ənd ˈlæntərnz əˈbəv frənt dɔr. əˈnəðər mæn æst tɪ bi lɛft əˈloʊn ɛz hi hæd ʤɪst lɔst hɪz ˈməðər. æt ˈʤɛnərəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, ə nərs toʊld ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz ðət ˈmɪstər ɔŋ hæd tɪ goʊ fər ˈsərʤəri, ənd sɛd ɪn ˈmændərən ðət hi hæd "lɔst ə lɔt əv bləd". ʃi ˈleɪtər toʊld ðɛm tɪ goʊ hoʊm ənd rɪˈtərn ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ toʊld ðɛm: "doʊnt ˈæʤəˌteɪt ɪm wɪn ju tɔk tɪ ɪm, ɪf nɑt hi wɪl blid." pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz hæd nɑt riˈmuvd ðə ˈvɪktɪmz ˈbɑdi frəm ðə kraɪm sin ɛz əv 12.30am*.
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a 23-year-old indonesian maid was arrested on tuesday night (june 7) after she allegedly stabbed the couple who employed her, killing a woman and leaving her husband requiring surgery for his wounds.
neighbours said they heard little until the peace of a private estate in telok kurau was shattered by ambulances and police cars arriving at the three-storey semi-detached house at 50c, lorong h, where the alleged stabbings took place after 8pm.
the man who was stabbed - believed to be mr ong kian soon, 57 - was eventually taken to changi general hospital (cgh).
police received a call about the incident at 8.48pm. when officers arrived, they discovered the motionless body of a 59-year-old woman in a toilet on the second floor.
paramedics pronounced her dead at about 9.03pm.
police have classified the case as murder, and are investigating.
the straits times understands that the maid had used a knife to attack her employers.
it is believed that mr ong went upstairs after he heard a commotion in the toilet. when he opened the door, the maid charged at him with a knife and a tussle ensued.
police officers conducting investigations at the house in telok kurau, where the alleged stabbings took place, on june 7, 2016. st photo: kevin lim
he managed to subdue the maid, who is believed to have been injured in the struggle as well.
neighbours the straits times spoke to appeared shocked as it dawned on them that a killing had taken place in their estate.
one bystander said he saw an ambulance and four police cars leave the scene at about 9.15pm.
three malaysians who were passing by said they heard a man cry for help and saw him running towards the front gate holding the maid. he had two wounds on his neck. the trio, who declined to be named, added that they helped to restrain her.
officers continued to gather evidence, and by 11pm, the house and a stretch of road in front of it had been cordoned off.
police officers conducting investigations outside the scene of the crime, in telok kurau late on the night of june 7, 2016. st photo: kevin lim
when the straits times arrived at the scene in telok kurau, a man was seen crying outside the house, which had a red banner and lanterns above front door.
another man asked to be left alone as he had just lost his mother.
at changi general hospital, a nurse told family members that mr ong had to go for surgery, and said in mandarin that he had "lost a lot of blood". she later told them to go home and return in the morning.
she also told them: "don't agitate him when you talk to him, if not he will bleed."
police officers had not removed the victim's body from the crime scene as of 12.30am.
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ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ dɪˈrɛktər ʤeɪmz meɪ θɪŋk ɪnˈkrɪptɪd ˈaɪˌfoʊn ˈmɛsɪʤɪŋ ə ˈprɑbləm ɪn ɑr investigations,”*,” bət tu ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈkɑŋgrəs hæv ə plæn tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ɪt. ˈkɑŋgrəsmɪn tɛd lu (d-calif*.) ənd bleɪk (r-texas*) hæv ˌɪntrəˈdust wət ðeɪ kɔl ðə ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ˈnæʃənəl ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl raɪts əv jʊr ˈpraɪvət ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz (ɪnˈkrɪpt) ækt əv 2016 ən əˈtɛmpt, lu ənd roʊt ɪn ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ðɛr ˈkɑligz, tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ˈoʊvər ðə ˈpraɪvəsi, sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌfizəˈbɪləti əv ə ‘‘backdoor’*’ ˈɪntu ɪnˈkrɪptɪd dɪˈvaɪsɪz fər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ənd lɔ enforcement”*” baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɛnˈkrɪpʃən ə ˈfɛdərəl ˈɪʃu ənd ˈkipɪŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl steɪts frəm traɪɪŋ tɪ bæn ɪt. soʊ kɔld ɛnˈkrɪpʃən ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈəðərˌwaɪz sɪˈkjʊr tɛkˈnɑləʤiz θru wɪʧ əˈθɔrətiz kən əbˈteɪn ðə lɔŋ bɪn ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd baɪ tu ˈoʊvərˌlæpɪŋ kæmps. ˈpraɪvəsi ˈæktɪvɪsts seɪ sɪˈkjʊr kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ɪz ə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈsɪvəl raɪt. ˌtɛkˈnɑləʤɪsts seɪ sɪˈkjʊr ˈbækˌdɔrz ər ə ˈtɛknɪkəl ˌɪmˌpɔsɪˈbɪlɪti: ɪf ə ˈsikrɪt ˈmɛθəd fər lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt tɪ gɪt ɪn, ˈhækərz wɪl ˌɪˈnɛvətəbli faɪnd ɪt. ər ˈdipli concerned,”*,” lu toʊld ðə ˈdeɪli dɑt ɪn ə foʊn ˈɪntərvˌju, ə ˈpæʧˌwərk ˈsɪstəm wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt ɛnˈkrɪpʃən rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ɪn ˈɛvəri steɪt wʊd nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈəndərˌmaɪn ˈnæʃənəl wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ θˈrɛtən ðə kəmˈpɛtɪtɪvnɪs əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd ˈdæmpən innovation.”*.” lu, wən əv ˈoʊnli ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈkɑŋgrəs wɪθ ə dɪˈgri ɪn kəmˈpjutər saɪəns, həz bɪn ðə ˈlaʊdəst vɔɪs dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ɛnˈkrɪpʃən ɪn hɪz ʃɔrt ˈtɛnjər. lu dɪˈfɛndɪd strɔŋ ɛnˈkrɪpʃən əˈgɛnst ðə ˌɪnˈsɪstəns ɔn lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈækˌsɛs ˈdʊrɪŋ ə haʊs kəˈmɪti ˈhirɪŋ ɪn ˈeɪprəl, ˈkɔlɪŋ ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈbækˌdɔrz ““stupid.”*.” ðə ɪnˈkrɪpt ækt kəmz ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ tu ˈrisənt əˈtɛmpts, wən ɪn ðə ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə steɪt ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər ənd wən ɪn ðə nu jɔrk steɪt əˈsɛmbli, ðət eɪm tɪ fərˈbɪd moʊdz əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ðət prəˈvaɪd noʊ ˈtɛknɪkəl weɪ fər lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənts tɪ ˈizəli ˈækˌsɛs dɪˈskəʃənz ɪf ðeɪ gɪt ə ˈwɔrənt. wɑz ə ˈlɪtəl ˈtrəbəld wɪn ə nu jɔrk rɪˈpəblɪkən steɪt ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtər ˌɪntrəˈdust ə bɪl tɪ ˈmænˌdeɪt backdoors,”*,” lu sɛd. aɪ wɑz ˈvɛri ˈtrəbəld wɪn ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk steɪt ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtər ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə dɪd ɪt. aɪ kəm frəm ðə ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə steɪt ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər, ˈvɛri əˈwɛr ðət kənˈtroʊld baɪ ˈdɛməˌkræts, ənd aɪ teɪk ɪt ɛz ə ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəs θrɛt ðət [ðeɪ] kʊd gɪt ðɪs bɪl passed.”*.” ðə ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə bɪl, ˌɪntrəˈdust baɪ əˈsɛmbliˌmæn ʤɪm ˈkupər, ɔˈrɛdi həz ðə səˈpɔrt əv səm tɛkˈnɑləʤi grups, moʊst ˈnoʊtəbli ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ə ˈlɑbiɪŋ grup ðət ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈmeɪʤər ˈsɪləkən ˈvæli ˈkəmpəˌniz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd ˈgugəl. prəˈpoʊzəlz laɪk ðoʊz ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ər nu jɔrk, lu ənd roʊt ɪn ðɛr ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈkɑligz, ˈlaɪkli fɔrs ə ˈkəmpəˌni laɪk ˈæpəl tɪ ʧuz bɪtˈwin nɑt ˈsɛlɪŋ ɪts ˈaɪˌfoʊnz ɪn ðoʊz steɪts ər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈprɑdəkt laɪn wɪθ ˈwikər security.”*.” ˈəpˌdeɪt kɔrt, ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 10 ˈædɪd lɪŋk tɪ bɪl. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈviə niɑn (ˈsiˈsi baɪ sɑ baɪ ˈʤeɪsən rid
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fbi director james comey may think encrypted iphone messaging “is a problem in our investigations,” but two privacy-minded members of congress have a plan to defend it.
congressmen ted lieu (d-calif.) and blake farenthold (r-texas) have introduced what they call the ensuring national constitutional rights of your private telecommunications (encrypt) act of 2016. an attempt, lieu and farenthold wrote in a letter to their colleagues, to address “[c]oncerns over the privacy, security and technological feasibility of a ‘backdoor’ into encrypted devices for the government and law enforcement” by making encryption a federal issue and keeping individual states from trying to ban it.
so called encryption “backdoors”—built-in access to otherwise secure technologies through which authorities can obtain the data—have long been criticized by two overlapping camps. privacy activists say secure communications is a basic civil right. technologists say secure backdoors are a technical impossibility: if there’s a secret method for law enforcement to get in, hackers will inevitably find it.
“we are deeply concerned,” lieu told the daily dot in a phone interview, “that a patchwork system with different encryption requirements in every state would not only undermine national security—it would also threaten the competitiveness of american companies and dampen innovation.”
lieu, one of only a handful of members of congress with a degree in computer science, has been the house’s loudest voice defending end-to-end encryption in his short tenure. lieu defended strong encryption against the fbi’s insistence on law enforcement access during a house committee hearing in april, calling the idea of backdoors “stupid.”
the encrypt act comes in response to two recent attempts, one in the california state legislature and one in the new york state assembly, that aim to forbid modes of communication that provide no technical way for law enforcement agents to easily access discussions if they get a warrant.
“i was a little troubled when a new york republican state legislator introduced a bill to mandate backdoors,” lieu said. “but i was very troubled when a democratic state legislator in california did it. i come from the california state legislature, i’m very aware that controlled by democrats, and i take it as a very serious threat that [they] could get this bill passed.”
the california bill, introduced by assemblyman jim cooper, already has the support of some technology groups, most notably the internet association, a lobbying group that represents a number of major silicon valley companies, including facebook and google.
proposals like those in california or new york, lieu and farenthold wrote in their letter to colleagues, “would likely force a company like apple to choose between not selling its encrypted-by-default iphones in those states or developing an alternative product line with weaker security.”
update 9:14am ct, feb. 10: added link to bill.
photo via neon tommy/flickr (cc by sa 2.0) | remix by jason reed
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wi noʊ waɪ, bət ə st*. ˈpitərzbərg ˈwʊmən ɪz suɪŋ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˌnɑməˈni ənd ˈlɑkər rum ˈtɔkər ˈdɑnəld trəmp ˈoʊvər ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp əv ðə waɪt haʊs. ˈlɪli ɑr. ˈdænjɛlz faɪld hər peɪʤ kəmˈpleɪnt ɪn ðə sɪksθ ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈsərkət læst wik. hər dɪˈmænd ɪz pleɪn: ʃi əˈsərts ʃi ɪz ðə əv ðə ˈreɪˌlroʊd træk, (ənd) ðət meɪks mi ˈoʊnər əv ðə waɪt house.”*.” wɪʧ ˈreɪˌlroʊd træk? wi noʊ nɑt. ʃi dɪz ˈhɛlpfəli gɪv ðə ˈæˌdrɛs əv ðə ˈprɑpərti ɪn kˈwɛʃən: 1600 ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ˈɑˌveɪ. n.w*., ˈwɔʃɪŋtən d.c*. 20500 soʊ wi noʊ nɑt ʤɪst ˈɛni waɪt haʊs. bət ɪt simz ˈdænjɛlz noʊ ðət trəmp, ðə ˌnɑməˈni, jɛt wən ðə ˈprɛzɪdənsi ənd ˈteɪkən əp ˈrɛzɪdəns ɪn ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈmænʃən. mɔˈroʊvər, nɑt klɪr haʊ ˈdænjɛlz θɪŋks ðə ˈsərkət kɔrt kən əˈsərt ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən ˈoʊvər ðə keɪs ər ðə dɪˈfɛndənt, ˈmɪstər. trəmp. ʃi faɪld ðə sut ɔn hər oʊn, wɪˈθaʊt ən əˈtərni. ʃi ˈʤəʤmənt ɪn ˈɛkˌsɛs əv ənd siks ə ˈʤʊri traɪəl, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈbɔɪlərˌpleɪt. ɪt lʊks laɪk ə ˈligəl fɔrm. ə trəmp ˈspoʊkspərsən ˈprɑbəˌbli kʊd bi riʧt fər ˈkɑmɛnt, bət ˈrɪli, waɪ ˈbɑðər? rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈkɑmɛnts ˈkɑmɛnts
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we don’t know why, but a st. petersburg woman is suing republican presidential nominee and locker room talker donald trump over ownership of the white house.
lillie r. daniels filed her one-and-a-half page complaint in the pinellas-pasco sixth judicial circuit last week.
her demand is plain: she asserts she is the “owner of the railroad track, (and) that makes me owner of the white house.”
which railroad track? we know not.
she does helpfully give the address of the property in question: 1600 pennsylvania ave. n.w., washington d.c. 20500. so we know not just any white house.
but it seems daniels doesn’t know that trump, the gop nominee, hasn’t yet won the presidency and hasn’t taken up residence in the executive mansion.
moreover, not clear how daniels thinks the circuit court can assert jurisdiction over the case or the defendant, mr. trump. she filed the suit on her own, without an attorney.
she “demands judgment … in excess of $15,000” and seeks a jury trial, according to the suit’s boilerplate. it looks like a preprinted legal form.
a trump spokesperson probably could be reached for comment, but really, why bother?
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pliz ɪˈneɪbəl ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt tɪ wɔʧ ðɪs ˈvɪdioʊ ˈdæləs bɪn tu mənθs sɪns ˈjuˌtub pɑp stɑr krɪˈstinə wɑz kɪld ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈkɑnsərt ɪn ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ, bət læst wik hər fænz gɑt ən ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd trit wɪn ðə fərst əv fɔr mˈjuzɪk ˈvɪdioʊz rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˌbiˈfɔr hər dɛθ wɑz riˈlist. ɔˈrɛdi æt ˈoʊvər ə ˈmɪljən vjuz, ənd fər θri ˈloʊkəl ˈæktərz hu stɑrd əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd krɪˈstinə ɪn ðə ˈvɪdioʊ, ðə hoʊl ˈmoʊmənt həz bɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈspɛʃəl. ˈlivɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈpɑzətɪv toʊn tɪ hər laɪf ənd ˈlɛtɪŋ ðət bi ðə læst ˈɪmɪʤ ˈrəðər ðən ðə ˈtræʤɪk θɪŋ ðət happened,”*,” sɛd ˈlizə wɪlk wən əv ðə ˈæktrəsɪz ɪn ðə mˈjuzɪk ˈvɪdioʊ. ˈlɛgəsi stɪl lɪvz ɔn ənd waɪ soʊ glæd tɪ bi pɑrt əv ɪt, soʊ crazy!”*!” ˈæʃli di. ˈmɛrɪt, hu pleɪd bɛst frɛnd ɪn ðə ˈvɪdioʊ, sɛd. biɪŋ ɔn sɛt, ðeɪ kˈwɪkli dɪˈskəvərd ðət mˈjuzɪkəl ˈtælənt wɑz ˈtruli əˈmeɪzɪŋ. dɪˈrɛktər, kɪŋ, hi wɑz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðət ðə træk kɛpt pleɪɪŋ ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn, ənd laɪk, ʃət ðət ɔf, wɛr ɪz that?’”*?’” sɛd wɪlk. wi wər ʤɪst laɪk, ʤɪst hər ˈsɪŋɪŋ! laɪk [ʃi] həz ˈpərˌfɪkt pitch!”*!” dɪz, soʊ incredible,”*,” əˈgrid c.g*. luɪs, ““prince”*” ɪn ðə mˈjuzɪk ˈvɪdioʊ. ʤɪst bi ˈwɔkɪŋ əraʊnd, bi ɪn ðə ˈmoʊmənt, ˈhɪtɪŋ hər mɑrk ənd ʤɪst bi singing.”*.” ənd ðeɪ seɪ krɪˈstinə wɑz ɛz kaɪnd ənd daʊn tɪ ərθ ɛz ju kʊd ˌɪˈmæʤən ə ˌsupərˈstɑr ˈɛvər biɪŋ. rɪˈmɛmbər ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ hər fər ðə fərst taɪm ənd ʤɪst ˈhævɪŋ ə 30 ˈmɪnət ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən əˈbaʊt boys,”*,” læft wɪlk. ðɛn laɪk, goʊ dæns now!’*!’ ɪt wɑz awesome.”*.” naʊ bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ si fərst hænd ðə ˌaʊtˈpɔrɪŋ əv ləv ənd səˈpɔrt frəm ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd fænz. overwhelming,”*,” sɛd ˈmɛrɪt. ʤɪst soʊ ˈθæŋkfəl tɪ hæv ðət rɪˈspɑns ənd meɪk ðɛm proud.”*.” ɔl kloʊz frɛndz naʊ, ˈlizə, c.g*. ənd ˈæʃli ˈivɪn noʊ iʧ ˈəðər ˌbiˈfɔr ðə mˈjuzɪk ˈvɪdioʊ. soʊ ɪn ə weɪ, ðɛr ˈfrɛndʃɪp ɪz jɛt əˈnəðər pɑrt əv krɪˈstinə əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈlɛgəsi. mit səm səˈlɛbrɪti fər ə ˈmoʊmənt ənd ðɛn ðət ˈmoʊmənt ˈpæsɪz ənd ʃi wɑz gone,”*,” luɪs rɪˈflɛktɪd. mɛt ə frɛnd ənd wi meɪd ə laɪf lɔŋ frɛnd ðət ˈnɛvər goʊɪŋ tɪ forget.”*.”
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