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Please answer the question as a medical doctor.
What are the risk factors of Tennis elbow?
Factors that can increase the risk of tennis elbow include: • Age.Tennis elbow affects people of all ages. But it's most common in adults between the ages of 30 and 60. • Work.People who have jobs that involve repeating motions of the wrist and arm are more likely to develop tennis elbow. These include plumbers, painters, carpenters, butchers and cooks. • Certain sports.Playing racket sports increases the risk of tennis elbow. Not having good form or using poor equipment increases the risk even more. Playing more than two hours a day also increases the risk. Other factors that can increase the risk include smoking, being obese and certain medicines.
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What are the Overview of Factitious disorder?
Factitious disorder, previously called Munchausen syndrome, is a serious mental health condition in which people deceive others by pretending to be sick. They do this by faking symptoms, getting sick on purpose or hurting themselves. Factitious disorder also can happen when family members or caregivers falsely present others, such as children, as being ill, hurt or having a hard time functioning. Factitious disorder symptoms can range from mild to severe. People may make up symptoms or even tamper with medical tests to convince others that they need treatment, such as high-risk surgery. Factitious disorder isn't the same as making up medical issues for a benefit or reward, such as getting out of work or winning a lawsuit. Although people with factitious disorder know they are causing their symptoms or illnesses, they may not know why they do what they do or see themselves as having mental health issues. Factitious disorder is a rare condition that can be hard to diagnose and treat. Help from medical and mental health professionals is critical to prevent serious injury and even death when people with factitious disorder hurt themselves.
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What are the symptoms of Factitious disorder?
Factitious disorder symptoms involve people trying to look ill, making themselves ill or hurting themselves. They also may fake symptoms, make symptoms seem worse than they are or pretend they can't do certain things because of their symptoms so they can deceive others. People with the condition work hard to hide their lies. It may be hard to know that their symptoms are part of a serious mental health condition. People with this condition continue with the lies, even without any benefit or reward, or when faced with evidence that doesn't support their claims. Factitious disorder symptoms may include: • Clever and convincing medical or mental health problems. • Deep knowledge of medical terms and diseases. • Vague symptoms or symptoms that aren't consistent. • Conditions that get worse for no clear reason. • Conditions that don't respond as expected to standard treatments. • Seeking treatment from many healthcare professionals or hospitals, which may include using a fake name. • Not wanting healthcare professionals to talk to family or friends or other healthcare professionals. • Staying in the hospital a lot. • Desire for frequent testing or risky surgeries and procedures. • Many surgical scars or evidence of many procedures. • Having few visitors when in the hospital. • Arguing with healthcare professionals and staff.
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What are the causes of Factitious disorder?
The cause of factitious disorder isn't known. But a mix of mental health issues and stressful life experiences may cause the condition.
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What are the risk factors of Factitious disorder?
Several factors may raise the risk of developing factitious disorder, including: • Childhood trauma, such as emotional, physical or sexual abuse. • A serious illness during childhood. • Loss of a loved one through death or illness, or feeling abandoned. • Past experiences while sick and the attention it brought. • A poor sense of identity or low self-esteem. • Personality disorders. • Depression. • Desire to be linked with healthcare professionals or medical centers. • Working in the healthcare field. Factitious disorder is thought to be rare, but it isn't known how many people have the condition. Some people use fake names. Some visit many hospitals and healthcare professionals. And some are never identified. This makes it hard to get a reliable estimate.
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What are the complications of Factitious disorder?
People with factitious disorder are willing to risk their lives to be seen as sick. They often have other mental health conditions as well. As a result, they face many possible complications, including: • Injury or death from medical conditions that they cause themselves. • Severe health issues from infections or from surgeries or other procedures that aren't needed. • Loss of organs or limbs from surgeries that aren't needed. • Misuse of alcohol or other substances. • Major problems in daily life, including having trouble getting along with others and working. • Abuse, when the behavior is imposed on another.
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What is the prevention of Factitious disorder?
Because the cause of factitious disorder isn't known, there's no way to prevent it. Recognizing and treating factitious disorder may help avoid potentially dangerous tests and treatments that aren't needed.
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What are the Overview of Factor V Leiden?
Factor V Leiden (FAK-tur five LIDE-n) is a mutation of one of the clotting factors in the blood. This mutation can increase your chance of developing abnormal blood clots, most commonly in your legs or lungs. Most people with factor V Leiden never develop abnormal clots. But in people who do, these abnormal clots can lead to long-term health problems or become life-threatening. Both men and women can have factor V Leiden. Women who carry the factor V Leiden mutation may have an increased tendency to develop blood clots during pregnancy or when taking the hormone estrogen. If you have factor V Leiden and have developed blood clots, anticoagulant medications can lessen your risk of developing additional blood clots and help you avoid potentially serious complications.
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What are the symptoms of Factor V Leiden?
The factor V Leiden mutation does not itself cause any symptoms. Since factor V Leiden is a risk for developing blood clots in the leg or lungs, the first indication that you have the disorder may be the development of an abnormal blood clot. Some clots do no damage and disappear on their own. Others can be life-threatening. Symptoms of a blood clot depend on what part of your body is affected.
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What are the causes of Factor V Leiden?
If you have factor V Leiden, you inherited either one copy or, rarely, two copies of the defective gene. Inheriting one copy slightly increases your risk of developing blood clots. Inheriting two copies — one from each parent — significantly increases your risk of developing blood clots.
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What are the risk factors of Factor V Leiden?
A family history of factor V Leiden increases your risk of inheriting the disorder. The disorder is most common in people who are white and of European descent. People who have inherited factor V Leiden from only one parent have a 5 percent chance of developing an abnormal blood clot by age 65. Factors that increase this risk include: • Two faulty genes.Inheriting the genetic mutation from both parents instead of just one can significantly increase your risk of abnormal blood clots. • Immobility.Extended periods of immobility, such as sitting during a long airplane flight, can increase the risk of leg clots. • Estrogens.Oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy and pregnancy can make you more likely to develop blood clots. • Surgeries or injuries.Surgeries or injuries such as broken bones can increase your risk of abnormal blood clots. • Non-O blood type.Abnormal blood clots are more common in people who have blood types of A, B or AB compared with those with blood type O.
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What are the complications of Factor V Leiden?
Factor V Leiden can cause blood clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and lungs (pulmonary embolism). These blood clots can be life-threatening.
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What are the Overview of Familial adenomatous polyposis?
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a rare, inherited condition caused by a defect in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Most people inherit the gene from a parent. But for 25 to 30 percent of people, the genetic mutation occurs spontaneously. FAP causes extra tissue (polyps) to form in your large intestine (colon) and rectum. Polyps can also occur in the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially the upper part of your small intestine (duodenum). If untreated, the polyps in the colon and rectum are likely to become cancerous when you are in your 40s. Most people with familial adenomatous polyposis eventually need surgery to remove the large intestine to prevent cancer. The polyps in the duodenum also can develop cancer, but they can usually be managed by careful monitoring and by removing polyps regularly. Some people have a milder form of the condition, called attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (AFAP). People with AFAP usually have fewer colon polyps (an average of 30) and develop cancer later in life.
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What are the symptoms of Familial adenomatous polyposis?
The main sign of FAP is hundreds or even thousands of polyps growing in your colon and rectum, usually starting by your mid-teens. The polyps are nearly 100 percent certain to develop into colon cancer or rectal cancer by the time you're in your 40s.
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What are the causes of Familial adenomatous polyposis?
Familial adenomatous polyposis is caused by a defect in a gene that's usually inherited from a parent. But some people develop the abnormal gene that causes the condition.
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What are the risk factors of Familial adenomatous polyposis?
Your risk of familial adenomatous polyposis is higher if you have a parent, child, brother, or sister with the condition.
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What are the complications of Familial adenomatous polyposis?
In addition to colon cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis can cause other complications: • Duodenal polyps.These polyps grow in the upper part of your small intestine and may become cancerous. But with careful monitoring, duodenal polyps can often be detected and removed before cancer develops. • Periampullary polyps.These polyps occur where the bile and pancreas ducts enter the duodenum (ampulla). Periampullary polyps might become cancerous but can often be detected and removed before cancer develops. • Gastric fundic polyps.These polyps grow in the lining of your stomach. • Desmoids.These noncancerous masses can arise anywhere in the body but often develop in the stomach area (abdomen). Desmoids can cause serious problems if they grow into nerves or blood vessels or exert pressure on other organs in your body. • Other cancers.Rarely, FAP can cause cancer to develop in your thyroid gland, central nervous system, adrenal glands, liver or other organs. • Noncancerous (benign) skin tumors. • Benign bone growths (osteomas). • Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE).These are benign pigment changes in the retina of your eye. • Dental abnormalities.These include extra teeth or teeth that don't come in. • Low numbers of red blood cells (anemia).
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What is the prevention of Familial adenomatous polyposis?
Preventing FAP is not possible, since it is an inherited genetic condition. However, if you or your child is at risk of FAP because of a family member with the condition, you will need genetic testing and counseling. If you have FAP, you will need regular screening, followed by surgery if needed. Surgery can help prevent the development of colorectal cancer or other complications.
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What are the Overview of Farsightedness?
Farsightedness, also called hyperopia, is a common vision condition in which distant objects are clear, but close objects look blurry. People with extreme farsightedness may only be able to clearly see distant objects. Those with mild farsightedness may be able to clearly see closer objects. Farsightedness usually is present at birth and tends to run in families. You can easily correct farsightedness with eyeglasses or contact lenses. Another treatment option is surgery.
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What are the symptoms of Farsightedness?
Farsightedness symptoms include: • Nearby objects appear blurry. • You need to squint to see clearly. • You have eyestrain, including burning eyes and aching in or around the eyes. • You have general eye discomfort or a headache after doing close tasks, such as reading, writing, computer work or drawing, for a time.
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What are the causes of Farsightedness?
Your eye has two parts that focus images: • The corneais the clear, dome-shaped front surface of your eye. • The lensis a clear structure about the size and shape of an M&M's candy. In a typically shaped eye, each of these focusing elements has a perfectly smooth curvature, like the surface of a marble. A cornea and lens with such curvature bend (refract) all incoming light to make a sharply focused image directly on the retina, at the back of your eye.
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What are the risk factors of Farsightedness?
Farsightedness can run in families. You're more likely to be farsighted if other family members have the condition.
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What are the complications of Farsightedness?
Complications that may accompany farsightedness include: • Crossed eyes.Some children with farsightedness may develop crossed eyes. Specially designed eyeglasses that correct for part or all of the farsightedness may treat this condition. • Reduced quality of life.If farsightedness is not corrected, you might not be able to perform a task as well as you wish. And your limited vision may take away from your enjoyment of everyday activities. • Eyestrain.If farsightedness is not corrected, it may cause you to squint or strain your eyes to maintain focus. This can lead to eyestrain and headaches. • Compromised safety.Your own safety and that of others may be jeopardized if you have a vision problem that is not corrected. This could be especially serious if you are driving a car or operating heavy equipment.
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What are the Overview of Female sexual dysfunction?
Female sexual dysfunction is a medical term for ongoing sexual problems that upset you or your partner. Problems may involve sexual response, desire, orgasm or pain during sex. Many people have sexual problems at some point. Some have them throughout their lives. Female sexual dysfunction can happen at any stage of life. It can happen only sometimes or all the time during sex. Sexual response is complex. It involves how your body works, your feelings, things that happen in your life, your beliefs, your lifestyle and how you relate to your partner. A problem in any one of these areas can affect sexual desire, arousal or satisfaction. Treatment often involves more than one approach.
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What are the symptoms of Female sexual dysfunction?
Symptoms vary depending on the type of sexual dysfunction. Symptoms may include: • Low sexual desire.This most common of female sexual dysfunctions involves a lack of interest in sex and not wanting to have sex. • Sexual arousal disorder.Even if you want sex, sometimes it may be hard to get or stay aroused during sex. • Orgasmic disorder.You have ongoing trouble having an orgasm even with enough sexual arousal. • Sexual pain disorder.You have pain when having sex.
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What are the causes of Female sexual dysfunction?
Sexual dysfunction problems often start when hormones change. This might be after having a baby or during menopause. Major illness, such as cancer, diabetes or heart disease, also can add to sexual dysfunction. Factors that add to sex problems include the following: • Physical.Medical conditions can lead to sexual dysfunction. These may include cancer, diabetes, kidney failure, multiple sclerosis, heart disease and bladder problems. Certain medicines can decrease your sexual desire and make it harder for you to have an orgasm. These include some medicines to treat depression, high blood pressure, allergies and cancers. • Hormonal.Lower estrogen levels after menopause may lead to changes in your genital tissues and how you respond to sex. Lower estrogen leads to less blood flow to the pelvis. This can cause you to have less feeling in your genitals and to need more time to become aroused and reach orgasm.The vaginal lining also becomes thinner and less stretchy. Not being sexually active can make this worse. These factors can lead to painful intercourse, called dyspareunia. Sexual desire also lessens when hormone levels drop.Your body's hormone levels shift after giving birth and during breastfeeding. This can lead to vaginal dryness and affect your desire for sex. • Psychological and social.Anxiety or depression that isn't treated can cause sexual dysfunction or add to it. So can long-term stress, a history of sexual abuse, worries of pregnancy and the demands of having an infant.Problems with your partner can affect your sex life. So can cultural and religious issues and problems with body image.
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What are the risk factors of Female sexual dysfunction?
Factors that may increase your risk of sexual dysfunction: • Depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions. • Heart disease, diabetes, cancer. • Conditions of the spine and brain, called neurological. Examples are spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis. • Gynecological conditions, including infections. • Certain medicines, such as those taken for depression or high blood pressure. • Emotional or psychological stress, especially stress in your relationship with your partner. • A history of sexual abuse. • Lack of privacy.
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What are the Overview of Fetal alcohol syndrome?
Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition in a child that results from alcohol exposure during the mother's pregnancy. Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause the child to have disabilities related to behavior, learning and thinking, and physical development. The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome vary from child to child but are lifelong. Fetal alcohol syndrome is on the severe end of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).FASDis a range of conditions in the child caused by the mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy. There is no amount of alcohol that's known to be safe to drink during pregnancy. If you drink during pregnancy, you place your baby at risk of fetal alcohol syndrome. If you suspect your child has fetal alcohol syndrome, talk to your doctor or other healthcare professional as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment may help lessen some issues.
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What are the symptoms of Fetal alcohol syndrome?
The severity of fetal alcohol syndrome symptoms varies. Some children have far greater problems than others do. Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome may include any mix of issues with how the body develops; thinking, learning and behavior; and functioning and coping in daily life.
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What are the causes of Fetal alcohol syndrome?
When you're pregnant and you drink alcohol: • Alcohol goes into your bloodstream. Inside the womb, the placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to a developing baby. The alcohol reaches your baby by passing through the placenta. • Alcohol causes a higher blood alcohol level in your developing baby than in your body. That's because a baby breaks down and gets rid of alcohol slower than an adult does. • Alcohol is toxic to the baby's cells. Exposure to alcohol before birth can harm how the body develops and cause permanent brain damage in the developing baby. The more you drink while pregnant, the greater the risk to your unborn baby. But any amount of alcohol puts your baby at risk. Your baby's brain, heart and blood vessels begin to develop in the early weeks of pregnancy, before you may know you're pregnant. During the first three months of pregnancy, important stages of development happen with the face and organs such as the heart, bones, brain and nerves. Drinking alcohol during this time can cause damage to how body parts develop. And as the baby continues to develop in the womb, it's damaging to drink at any time during pregnancy.
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What are the risk factors of Fetal alcohol syndrome?
The more alcohol you drink during pregnancy, the greater the chance of problems in your baby. There's no known safe amount of alcohol to drink during pregnancy, and there's no type of alcohol that is safe. You could put your baby at risk even before you realize you're pregnant. Don't drink alcohol if: • You're pregnant. • You think you might be pregnant. • You're trying to become pregnant.
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What are the complications of Fetal alcohol syndrome?
Behavior issues after your child is born can result from having fetal alcohol syndrome. These are called secondary disabilities and may include: • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). • Aggression, improper social behavior, and breaking rules and laws. • Alcohol or recreational drug misuse. • Mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety or eating disorders. • Challenges staying in or completing school. • Not being able to get along with others. • Challenges with independent living and getting and keeping jobs. • Sexual behaviors that are not proper. • Early death by accident, homicide or suicide.
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What is the prevention of Fetal alcohol syndrome?
To prevent fetal alcohol syndrome, don't drink alcohol during pregnancy. Here are some steps to help: • Don't drink alcohol if you're trying to get pregnant.If you haven't already stopped drinking, stop as soon as you know you're pregnant or if you even think you might be pregnant. It's never too late to stop drinking during your pregnancy. The sooner you stop, the better it is for your baby. • Don't drink alcohol at any time during your pregnancy.Fetal alcohol syndrome is completely preventable in children whose mothers don't drink at all during pregnancy. • Consider giving up alcohol during your childbearing yearsif you're sexually active and you're having unprotected sex. Many pregnancies are unplanned, and damage from alcohol can happen in the earliest weeks of pregnancy. • If you have an alcohol problem, get help before you get pregnant.Talk to your healthcare professional or a mental health professional about your drinking. Review how much and how often you drink alcohol so that together you can create a treatment plan to help you quit.
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What are the Overview of Fibroadenoma?
A fibroadenoma (fy-broe-ad-uh-NO-muh) is a solid breast lump. This breast lump is not cancer. A fibroadenoma happens most often between ages 15 and 35. But it can be found at any age in anyone who has periods. A fibroadenoma often causes no pain. It can feel firm, smooth and rubbery. It has a round shape. It might feel like a pea in the breast. Or it may feel flat like a coin. When touched, it moves easily within the breast tissue. Fibroadenomas are common breast lumps. If you have a fibroadenoma, your health care provider may tell you to watch for changes in its size or feel. You may need a biopsy to check the lump or surgery to remove it. Many fibroadenomas need no further treatment.
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What are the symptoms of Fibroadenoma?
A fibroadenoma is a solid breast lump that often causes no pain. It is: • Round with distinct, smooth borders • Easily moved • Firm or rubbery A fibroadenoma often grows slowly. The average size is about 1 inch (2.5 centimeters). A fibroadenoma can get bigger over time. It may be tender or cause soreness a few days before your period. A large fibroadenoma may hurt when you touch it. But most often, this type of breast lump causes no pain. You can have a single fibroadenoma or more than one fibroadenoma. They can occur in one or both breasts. Some fibroadenomas shrink over time. Most fibroadenomas in adolescents shrink over many months to a few years. They then disappear. Fibroadenomas may also change shape over time. Fibroadenomas may get bigger during pregnancy. They might shrink after menopause.
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What are the causes of Fibroadenoma?
The cause of fibroadenomas is not known. They might be related to hormones that control your periods. Less common types of fibroadenomas and related breast lumps may not act the same as typical fibroadenomas. These types of breast lumps include: • Complex fibroadenomas.These are fibroadenomas that can get bigger over time. They can press on or displace nearby breast tissue. • Giant fibroadenomas.Giant fibroadenomas grow quickly to larger than 2 inches (5 centimeters). They also can press on nearby breast tissue or push it out of place. • Phyllodes tumors.Phyllodes tumors and fibroadenomas are made of similar tissues. But under a microscope, phyllodes tumors look different from fibroadenomas. Phyllodes tumors typically have features associated with growing faster. Most phyllodes tumors are benign. This means they are not cancer. But some phyllodes tumors may be cancer. Or they could become cancer. Phyllodes tumors often cause no pain.
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What are the complications of Fibroadenoma?
Common fibroadenomas do not affect your risk of breast cancer. But your risk might go up a bit if you have a complex fibroadenoma or a phyllodes tumor.
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What are the Overview of Fibrocystic breasts?
Fibrocystic breasts are composed of tissue that feels lumpy or ropelike in texture. Doctors call this nodular or glandular breast tissue. It's not at all uncommon to have fibrocystic breasts or experience fibrocystic breast changes. In fact, medical professionals have stopped using the term "fibrocystic breast disease" and now simply refer to "fibrocystic breasts" or "fibrocystic breast changes" because having fibrocystic breasts isn't a disease. Breast changes that fluctuate with the menstrual cycle and have a ropelike texture are considered normal. Fibrocystic breast changes don't always cause symptoms. Some people experience breast pain, tenderness and lumpiness — especially in the upper, outer area of the breasts. Breast symptoms tend to be most bothersome just before menstruation and get better afterward. Simple self-care measures can usually relieve discomfort associated with fibrocystic breasts.
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What are the symptoms of Fibrocystic breasts?
Signs and symptoms of fibrocystic breasts may include: • Breast lumps or areas of thickening that tend to blend into the surrounding breast tissue • Generalized breast pain or tenderness or discomfort that involves the upper outer part of the breast • Breast nodules or lumpy tissue change in size with the menstrual cycle • Green or dark brown nonbloody nipple discharge that tends to leak without pressure or squeezing • Breast changes that are similar in both breasts • Monthly increase in breast pain or lumpiness from midcycle (ovulation) to just before your period and then gets better once your period starts Fibrocystic breast changes occur most often between 30 and 50 years of age. These changes happen rarely after menopause unless you're taking hormone replacement medicine such as estrogen or progesterone.
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What are the causes of Fibrocystic breasts?
The exact cause of fibrocystic breast changes isn't known, but experts suspect that reproductive hormones — especially estrogen — play a role. Fluctuating hormone levels during the menstrual cycle can cause breast discomfort and areas of lumpy breast tissue that feel tender, sore and swollen. Fibrocystic breast changes tend to be more bothersome before your menstrual period and ease up after your period begins. When examined under a microscope, fibrocystic breast tissue includes distinct components such as: • Fluid-filled round or oval sacs (cysts) • A prominence of scar-like fibrous tissue (fibrosis) • Overgrowth of cells (hyperplasia) lining the milk ducts or milk-producing tissues (lobules) of the breast • Enlarged breast lobules (adenosis)
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What are the complications of Fibrocystic breasts?
Having fibrocystic breasts doesn't increase your risk of breast cancer.
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What are the Overview of Fibromuscular dysplasia?
Fibromuscular dysplasia is a condition that causes the medium-sized arteries in the body to narrow and grow larger. Narrowed arteries can reduce blood flow and affect how body organs work. Fibromuscular dysplasia is most often seen in the arteries leading to the kidneys and brain. But it also can affect arteries in the legs, heart, belly area and, rarely, the arms. More than one artery can be involved. Treatments are available to control symptoms and help prevent complications, such as stroke. But there is no cure for fibromuscular dysplasia.
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What are the symptoms of Fibromuscular dysplasia?
Symptoms of fibromuscular dysplasia depend on which artery or arteries are affected. Some people don't have any symptoms. If the arteries to the kidneys are affected, common symptoms include: • High blood pressure. • Problems with how the kidneys work. If the arteries affected supply blood to the brain, symptoms might include: • Headache. • A pulsing feeling or ringing sound in your ears, called tinnitus. • Dizziness. • Sudden neck pain. • Stroke or transient ischemic attack.
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What are the causes of Fibromuscular dysplasia?
The cause of fibromuscular dysplasia is not known. Changes in genes might cause the condition. Because the condition is more common in women than men, researchers think female hormones also may play a role. But exactly how is unclear. Fibromuscular dysplasia is not linked to women's use of birth control pills.
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What are the risk factors of Fibromuscular dysplasia?
Things that increase the risk of fibromuscular dysplasia include: • Sex.The condition is more common in women than it is in men. • Age.Fibromuscular dysplasia tends to be diagnosed in people in their 50s. But it can affect anyone of any age. • Smoking.People who smoke seem to have an increased risk of developing fibromuscular dysplasia. Smoking also can make the disease worse.
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What are the complications of Fibromuscular dysplasia?
Possible complications of fibromuscular dysplasia include: • High blood pressure.The narrowing of the arteries of the kidneys causes higher pressure on the artery walls. Damage to the arteries may lead to heart disease or heart failure. • Tears in the artery walls.Fibromuscular dysplasia and tears in the walls of the arteries often occur together. An artery tear is called a dissection. When a tear forms in one of the blood vessels in the heart, it's called a spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD). A dissection can slow or block blood flow. Emergency medical treatment is needed. • Bulge or ballooning of an artery.Also called an aneurysm, this complication can occur if the artery wall is weak or damaged. Fibromuscular dysplasia can weaken the walls of the affected arteries. An aneurysm that breaks open, called a rupture, can be life-threatening. Emergency medical treatment is needed for a ruptured aneurysm. • Stroke.An artery tear or aneurysm rupture in the brain can lead to stroke. High blood pressure also can increase the risk of a stroke.
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What are the Overview of Flatfeet?
Flatfeet is a common condition, also known as flatfoot, in which the arches on the inside of the feet flatten when pressure is put on them. When people with flatfeet stand up, the feet point outward, and the entire soles of the feet fall and touch the floor. Flatfeet can occur when the arches don't develop during childhood. It can also develop later in life after an injury or from the simple wear-and-tear stresses of age. Flatfeet is usually painless. If you aren't having pain, no treatment is necessary. However, if flatfeet is causing you pain and limiting what you want to do, then an evaluation from a specialist may be warranted.
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What are the symptoms of Flatfeet?
Most people have no symptoms associated with flatfeet. But some people with flatfeet experience foot pain, particularly in the heel or arch area. Pain may worsen with activity. Swelling may occur along the inside of the ankle.
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What are the causes of Flatfeet?
Flatfeet is not unusual in infants and toddlers, because the foot's arch hasn't yet developed. Most people's arches develop throughout childhood, but some people never develop arches. People without arches may or may not have problems. Some children have flexible flatfeet, often called flexible flatfoot, in which the arch is visible when the child is sitting or standing on tiptoes but disappears when the child stands. Most children outgrow flexible flatfeet without problems. People without flatfeet can also develop the condition. Arches can collapse abruptly after an injury. Or the collapse can happen over years of wear and tear. Over time, the tendon that runs along the inside of the ankle and helps support the arch can get weakened or tear. As the severity increases, arthritis may develop in the foot.
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What are the risk factors of Flatfeet?
Factors that can increase the risk of flatfeet include: • Obesity • Injury to the foot or ankle • Rheumatoid arthritis • Aging • Diabetes
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What are the Overview of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a disease in which scar tissue develops on the glomeruli, the small parts of the kidneys that filter waste from the blood.FSGScan be caused by a variety of conditions. FSGSis a serious condition that can lead to kidney failure, which can only be treated with dialysis or kidney transplant. Treatment options forFSGSdepend on the type you have. Types ofFSGSinclude: • PrimaryFSGS.Many people diagnosed withFSGShave no known cause for their condition. This is called primary (idiopathic)FSGS. • SecondaryFSGS.Several factors, such as infection, drug toxicity, diseases including diabetes or sickle cell disease, obesity, and even other kidney diseases can cause secondaryFSGS. Controlling or treating the underlying cause often slows ongoing kidney damage and might lead to improved kidney function over time. • GeneticFSGS.This is a rare form ofFSGScaused by genetic changes. It also is called familialFSGS. It's suspected when several members of a family show signs ofFSGS. FamilialFSGScan also occur when neither parent has the disease but each one carries a copy of an altered gene that can be passed on to the next generation. • UnknownFSGS.In some cases, the underlying cause ofFSGScannot be determined despite the evaluation of clinical symptoms and extensive testing.
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What are the symptoms of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?
Symptoms of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) might include: • Swelling, called edema, in the legs and ankles, around the eyes and in other body parts. • Weight gain from fluid buildup. • Foamy urine from protein buildup, called proteinuria.
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What are the causes of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) can be caused by a variety of conditions, such as diabetes, sickle cell disease, other kidney diseases and obesity. Infections and damage from illicit drugs, medicines or toxins also can cause it. Gene changes passed through families, called inherited gene changes, can cause a rare form ofFSGS. Sometimes there's no known cause.
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What are the risk factors of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?
Factors that can raise the risk of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) include: • Medical conditions that can damage the kidneys.Certain diseases and conditions increase the risk of gettingFSGS. These include diabetes, lupus, obesity and other kidney diseases. • Certain infections.Infections that increase the risk ofFSGSinclude HIV and hepatitis C. • Gene changes.Certain genes passed through families can raise the risk ofFSGS.
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What are the complications of Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)?
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) may lead to other health concerns, also called complications, including: • Nephrotic syndrome.This kidney condition causes the body to pass too much protein in the urine. Nephrotic syndrome raises the risk of other health conditions, such as blood clots and high blood pressure. • Kidney failure.Damage to the kidneys that can't be fixed causes the kidneys to stop working. The only treatments for kidney failure are dialysis or kidney transplant.
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What are the Overview of Follicular lymphoma?
Follicular lymphoma is a type of lymphoma. Lymphoma is cancer that affects the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is made up of organs, glands, tubelike vessels and clusters of cells called lymph nodes. It's part of the body's germ-fighting immune system. Follicular lymphoma can affect the lymph nodes, bone marrow and other organs. There are many types of lymphoma. They are often divided into two categories: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Follicular lymphoma gets its name from the fact that the cancer starts in the follicles of the lymph nodes. Lymph node follicles are groups of germ-fighting white blood cells that are inside each lymph node. When these white blood cells become cancer cells, they may build up in the lymph nodes and continue to gather in groups that look like follicles. Follicular lymphoma tends to grow slowly. It's often not found until it affects many parts of the body. Treatment may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy targeted therapy and CAR-T cell therapy.
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What are the symptoms of Follicular lymphoma?
Follicular lymphoma grows slowly and may never cause symptoms. When they happen, follicular lymphoma symptoms may include: • Painless swelling in the neck, armpit or groin. • Fatigue. • Fever. • Night sweats. • Losing weight without trying. • Feeling full quickly.
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What are the causes of Follicular lymphoma?
It's not clear what causes follicular lymphoma. This cancer starts inside the follicle of a lymph node. A follicle is a group of cells inside the lymph node. The follicle contains germ-fighting white blood cells called B cells. When there is no infection to fight, the B cells rest in the follicle. When an infection happens in the body, the follicle can form an area that helps train the B cells to fight the infection. As part of this process, the B cells go through changes that make them better at fighting the specific infection. The B cells also make a lot more B cells to help with the fight. Then the B cells go out into the body to help fight the infection. Follicular lymphoma happens when something goes wrong during this training process. Changes happen that turn the B cells into cancer cells. The cancer cells don't learn to fight infections. Instead, they build up in the lymph nodes. They also can build up in other parts of the lymphatic system. Follicular lymphoma can affect the: • Lymph nodes. • Bone marrow. • Spleen. • Liver. • Digestive tract. • Skin.
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What are the risk factors of Follicular lymphoma?
Factors that can increase the risk of follicular lymphoma include: • Older age.Follicular lymphoma can happen at any age. But it's most common in people 60 or older. • Race.White people are more likely to develop follicular lymphoma than are people of other races. • Having a family history of lymphoma.Having a relative with follicular lymphoma may increase your risk. There is no known way to prevent follicular lymphoma.
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What are the complications of Follicular lymphoma?
Complications of follicular lymphoma can include transformation into a fast-growing lymphoma and complications from treatment.
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What are the Overview of Food poisoning?
Food poisoning, a type of foodborne illness, is a sickness people get from something they ate or drank. The causes are germs or other harmful things in the food or beverage. Symptoms of food poisoning often include upset stomach, diarrhea and vomiting. Symptoms usually start within hours or several days of eating the food. Most people have mild illness and get better without treatment. Sometimes food poisoning causes severe illness or complications.
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What are the symptoms of Food poisoning?
Symptoms vary depending on what is causing the illness. They may begin within a few hours or a few weeks depending on the cause. Common symptoms are: • Upset stomach. • Vomiting. • Diarrhea. • Diarrhea with bloody stools. • Stomach pain and cramps. • Fever. • Headache. Less often food poisoning affects the nervous system and can cause severe disease. Symptoms may include: • Blurred or double vision. • Headache. • Loss of movement in limbs. • Problems with swallowing. • Tingling or numbness of skin. • Weakness. • Changes in sound of the voice.
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What are the causes of Food poisoning?
Many germs or harmful things, called contaminants, can cause foodborne illnesses. Food or drink that carries a contaminant is called "contaminated." Food can be contaminated with any of the following: • Bacteria. • Viruses. • Parasites that can live in the intestines. • Poisons, also called toxins. • Bacteria that carry or make toxins. • Molds that make toxins.
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What are the risk factors of Food poisoning?
Anyone can get food poisoning. Some people are more likely to get sick or have more-serious disease or complications. These people include: • Infants and children. • Pregnant people. • Older adults. • People with weakened immune systems due to another disease or treatments.
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What are the complications of Food poisoning?
In most healthy adults, complications are uncommon. They can include the following.
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What is the prevention of Food poisoning?
To prevent food poisoning at home: • Handwashing.Wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. Do this after using the toilet, before eating, and before and after handling food. • Wash fruits and vegetables.Rinse fruits and vegetables under running water before eating, peeling or preparing. • Wash kitchen utensils thoroughly.Wash cutting boards, knives and other utensils with soapy water after contact with raw meats or unwashed fruits and vegetables. • Don't eat raw or undercooked meat or fish.Use a meat thermometer to make sure meat is cooked enough. Cook whole meats and fish to at least 145 F (63 C) and let rest for at least three minutes. Cook ground meat to at least 160 F (71 C). Cook whole and ground poultry to at least 165 F (74 C). • Refrigerate or freeze leftovers.Put leftovers in covered containers in the refrigerator right after your meal. Leftovers can be kept for 3 to 4 days in the refrigerator. If you don't think you'll eat them within four days, freeze them right away. • Cook leftovers safely.You can safely thaw frozen food three ways. You can microwave it. You can move it to the refrigerator to thaw overnight. Or you can put the frozen food in a leakproof container and put it in cold water on the counter. Reheat leftovers until the internal temperature reaches 165 degrees Fahrenheit (74 degrees Celsius). • Throw it out when in doubt.If you aren't sure if a food has been prepared, served or stored safely, discard it. Even if it looks and smells fine, it may not be safe to eat. • Throw out moldy food.Throw out any baked foods with mold. Throw out moldy soft fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, berries or peaches. And throw away any nuts or nut products with mold. You can trim away mold from firm foods with low moisture, such as carrots, bell peppers and hard cheeses. Cut away at least 1 inch (2.5 centimeters) around the moldy part of the food. • Clean your refrigerator.Clean the inside of the refrigerator every few months. Make a cleaning solution of 1 tablespoon (15 milliliters) of baking soda and 1 quart (0.9 liters) of water. Clean visible mold in the refrigerator or on the door seals. Use a solution of 1 tablespoon (15 milliliters) of bleach in 1 quart (0.9 liters) of water.
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What are the Overview of Frostbite?
Frostbite is an injury caused by freezing of the skin and underlying tissues. The early stage of frostbite is called frostnip. It causes a cold feeling followed by numbness. As frostbite gets worse, the affected skin may change color and become hard or waxy-looking. Exposed skin is at risk of frostbite in conditions that are freezing cold and windy or wet. Frostbite also can occur on skin covered by gloves or other clothing. Mild frostbite gets better with rewarming. Seek medical attention for anything more serious than mild frostbite because the condition can cause permanent damage to skin, muscle, bone and other tissue.
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What are the symptoms of Frostbite?
Symptoms of frostbite include: • Numbness. • Tingling. • Patches of skin in shades of red, white, blue, gray, purple or brown. The color of affected skin depends on how serious the frostbite is and the usual skin color. • Cold, hard, waxy-looking skin. • Clumsiness due to joint stiffness. • Pain. • Blistering after rewarming. Frostbite is most common on the fingers, toes, ears, cheeks, penis, chin and tip of the nose. Because of numbness, you may not notice you have frostbite until someone points it out. Changes in the color of the affected area might be difficult to see on brown and Black skin. Frostbite occurs in several stages: • Frostnip.Frostnip is the early stage of frostbite. Symptoms are pain, tingling and numbness. Frostnip doesn't cause permanent damage to the skin. • Mild to moderate frostbite.Frostbite causes slight changes in skin color. The skin may begin to feel warm. This is a sign of serious skin involvement. If you treat frostbite with rewarming at this stage, the surface of the skin may look patchy. The affected area may sting, burn and swell. A fluid-filled blister may form 12 to 36 hours after rewarming. This stage also is called superficial frostbite. • Deep frostbite.As frostbite progresses, it affects all layers of the skin and the tissues below. The affected skin turns white or blue-gray. Large blood blisters may appear 24 to 48 hours after rewarming. Weeks after the injury, tissue may turn black and hard as it dies.
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What are the causes of Frostbite?
The most common cause of frostbite is exposure to freezing cold. The risk rises if the weather also is wet and windy. Frostbite also can be caused by direct contact with ice, freezing metals or very cold liquids.
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What are the risk factors of Frostbite?
Risk factors for frostbite include: • Being in freezing conditions without protective clothing. • Having certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, exhaustion, poor blood flow or congestive heart failure. • Regularly smoking tobacco. • Having impaired judgment while in very cold conditions. • Having had frostbite or another cold injury in the past. • Being an infant or older adult in cold conditions. People in these age groups have a harder time producing and retaining body heat. • Being in cold conditions at high altitude.
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What are the complications of Frostbite?
Complications of frostbite include: • Hypothermia. • Increased sensitivity to cold and a higher risk of frostbite in the future. • Long-term numbness in the affected area. • Excessive sweating, also called hyperhidrosis. • Changes in or loss of nails. • Growth problems in children if frostbite damages a bone's growth plate. • Infection. • Tetanus. • Gangrene, which can result in having the affected area removed. This procedure is called amputation.
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What is the prevention of Frostbite?
Frostbite can be prevented. Here are tips to help you stay safe and warm. • Limit time outdoors when it's freezing cold and wet or windy.Pay attention to weather forecasts and wind chill readings. The risk of frostbite increases the longer you're in freezing conditions. And frostbite can happen in an instant if bare skin touches something cold, such as freezing metal. • Dress in loose layers.Air trapped between the layers helps insulate you from the cold. Choose undergarments that wick moisture away from the skin. Next put on something made of fleece or wool. For the outer layer, wear something windproof and waterproof. Change out of wet gloves, hats and socks as soon as possible. • Wear a hat or headband made for cold weather.Make sure it covers your ears. • Wear mittens.Mittens provide better protection than do gloves. Under a pair of heavy mittens, also wear glove liners, which wick moisture away from the skin. • Wear socks and sock liners.Make sure they fit well, wick moisture and provide insulation. • Watch for symptoms of frostbite.Early signs of frostbite are slight changes in skin color, prickling and numbness. Seek warm shelter if you notice symptoms of frostbite. • Plan to protect yourself.When traveling in cold weather, carry emergency supplies and warm clothing in case you become stranded. If you'll be in remote territory, tell others your route and expected return date. • Don't drink alcohol if you plan to be outdoors in cold weather.Alcoholic beverages cause the body to lose heat faster and can impair judgment. • Eat well-balanced meals and stay hydrated.Doing this even before you go out in the cold helps you stay warm. • Keep moving.Exercise can get your blood flowing and help you stay warm, but don't do it to the point of exhaustion.
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What are the Overview of Fuchs dystrophy?
Fuchs dystrophy is a condition in which fluid builds up in the clear tissue at the front of the eye, called the cornea. This causes your cornea to swell and thicken, leading to glare, blurred or cloudy vision, and eye discomfort. Fuchs (fewks) dystrophy usually affects both eyes. It may cause your vision to get worse over time. The disease often starts in the 30s and 40s, but many people with Fuchs dystrophy don't develop symptoms until they reach their 50s or 60s. Some medicines and self-care steps may help relieve symptoms of Fuchs dystrophy. When advanced disease causes more-serious vision problems, cornea transplant surgery is the best way to restore vision.
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What are the symptoms of Fuchs dystrophy?
As Fuchs dystrophy gets worse, symptoms often affect both eyes. Symptoms may include: • Blurred or cloudy vision, sometimes described as a lack of clear vision. • Changes in vision throughout the day. Symptoms are worse in the morning when you wake up and slowly get better during the day. As the disease gets worse, blurred vision may take longer to get better or does not get better at all. • Glare, which can decrease your vision in dim and bright light. • Seeing halos around lights. • Pain or grittiness from tiny blisters on the surface of your cornea.
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What are the causes of Fuchs dystrophy?
The cells lining the inside of the cornea are called endothelial cells. Those cells help maintain a healthy balance of fluid within the cornea and keep the cornea from swelling. In Fuchs dystrophy, the endothelial cells slowly die or do not work well, causing fluid buildup within the cornea. The fluid buildup, called edema, causes thickening of the cornea and blurred vision. Fuchs dystrophy tends to run in families. The genetic basis of the disease is complex. Family members can be affected to different degrees or not at all.
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What are the risk factors of Fuchs dystrophy?
Some factors make it more likely that you'll develop Fuchs dystrophy They include: • Sex.Fuchs dystrophy is more common in women than in men. • Genetics.Having a family history of Fuchs dystrophy increases your risk. • Age.There is a rare early-onset type of Fuchs dystrophy that starts in childhood. Most cases start in the 30s and 40s, but many people with Fuchs dystrophy don't develop symptoms until their 50s or 60s.
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What are the Overview of Functional dyspepsia?
Functional dyspepsia is a term used to describe a lingering upset stomach that has no obvious cause. Functional dyspepsia (dis-PEP-see-uh) also is called nonulcer dyspepsia. Functional dyspepsia is common. It is a constant condition, but symptoms don't happen all the time. Symptoms are like those of an ulcer. They include pain or discomfort in the upper belly, bloating, belching and nausea.
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What are the symptoms of Functional dyspepsia?
Symptoms of functional dyspepsia may include: • Pain or burning in the stomach, bloating, excessive belching or nausea after eating. • An early feeling of fullness when eating. The feeling of fullness also is called satiety. • Stomach pain that happens unrelated to meals or goes away when eating.
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What are the causes of Functional dyspepsia?
No one knows what causes functional dyspepsia. Medical professionals consider it a functional disorder. That means it can't be explained by a medical condition, so routine testing may not show any problems or causes. As a result, the diagnosis is based on symptoms.
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What are the risk factors of Functional dyspepsia?
Some factors can increase the risk of functional dyspepsia. They include: • Being female. • Using certain pain relievers that are available without a prescription. These include aspirin and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), which can cause stomach problems. • Smoking. • Anxiety or depression. • History of childhood physical or sexual abuse. • Helicobacter pylori infection.
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What are the Overview of Growth plate fractures?
A growth plate fracture affects the layer of growing tissue near the ends of a child's bones. Growth plates are the softest and weakest sections of the skeleton — sometimes even weaker than surrounding ligaments and tendons. An injury that might cause a joint sprain for an adult can cause a growth plate fracture in a child. Growth plate fractures often need immediate treatment because they can affect how the bone will grow. An improperly treated growth plate fracture could result in a fractured bone ending up more crooked or shorter than its opposite limb. With proper treatment, most growth plate fractures heal without complications.
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What are the symptoms of Growth plate fractures?
Most growth plate fractures occur in bones of the fingers, forearm and lower leg. Signs and symptoms of a growth plate fracture may include: • Pain and tenderness, particularly in response to pressure on the growth plate • Inability to move the affected area or to put weight or pressure on the limb • Warmth and swelling at the end of a bone, near a joint
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What are the causes of Growth plate fractures?
Growth plate fractures often are caused by a fall or a blow to the limb, as might occur in: • A car accident • Competitive sports, such as football, basketball, running, dancing or gymnastics • Recreational activities, such as biking, sledding, skiing or skateboarding Growth plate fractures can occasionally be caused by overuse, which can occur during sports training or repetitive throwing.
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What are the risk factors of Growth plate fractures?
Growth plate fractures occur twice as often in boys as in girls, because girls finish growing earlier than do boys. By the age of 12, most girls' growth plates have already matured and been replaced with solid bone.
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What are the complications of Growth plate fractures?
Most growth plate fractures heal with no complications. But the following factors can increase the risk of crooked, accelerated or stunted bone growth. • Severity of the injury.If the growth plate has been shifted, shattered or crushed, the risk of limb deformity is greater. • Age of the child.Younger children have more years of growth ahead of them, so if the growth plate is permanently damaged, there is more chance of deformity developing. If a child is almost done growing, permanent damage to the growth plate may cause only minimal deformity. • Location of the injury.The growth plates around the knee are more sensitive to injury. A growth plate fracture at the knee can cause the leg to be shorter, longer or crooked if the growth plate has permanent damage. Growth plate injuries around the wrist and shoulder usually heal without problems.
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What are the Overview of H1N1 flu (swine flu)?
The H1N1 flu, sometimes called swine flu, is a type of influenza A virus. During the 2009-10 flu season, a new H1N1 virus began causing illness in humans. It was often called swine flu and was a new combination of influenza viruses that infect pigs, birds and humans. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the H1N1 flu to be a pandemic in 2009. That year the virus caused an estimated 284,400 deaths worldwide. In August 2010,WHOdeclared the pandemic over. But the H1N1 flu strain from the pandemic became one of the strains that cause seasonal flu. Most people with the flu get better on their own. But flu and its complications can be deadly, especially for people at high risk. The seasonal flu vaccine can now help protect against the H1N1 flu and other seasonal flu viruses.
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What are the symptoms of H1N1 flu (swine flu)?
The symptoms of flu caused by H1N1, commonly called the swine flu, are similar to those of other flu viruses. Symptoms usually start quickly and can include: • Fever, but not always. • Aching muscles. • Chills and sweats. • Cough. • Sore throat. • Runny or stuffy nose. • Watery, red eyes. • Eye pain. • Body aches. • Headache. • Tiredness and weakness. • Diarrhea. • Feeling sick to the stomach, vomiting, but this is more common in children than adults. Flu symptoms develop about 1 to 4 days after you're exposed to the virus.
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What are the Related information of H1N1 flu (swine flu)?
• COVID-19 vs. flu: Similarities and differences - Related informationCOVID-19 vs. flu: Similarities and differences • COVID-19, cold, allergies and the flu: What are the differences? - Related informationCOVID-19, cold, allergies and the flu: What are the differences?
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What are the causes of H1N1 flu (swine flu)?
Influenza viruses such as H1N1 infect the cells that line your nose, throat and lungs. The virus spreads through the air in droplets released when someone with the virus coughs, sneezes, breathes or talks. The virus enters your body when you breathe in contaminated droplets. It also can enter your body if you touch a contaminated surface and then touch your eyes, nose or mouth. You can't catch swine flu from eating pork. People with the virus are likely able to spread the virus from about a day before symptoms appear until about four days after they start. Children and people with weakened immune systems may be able to spread the virus for a slightly longer time.
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What are the risk factors of H1N1 flu (swine flu)?
Factors that may increase your risk of developing H1N1 or other influenza viruses or their complications include: • Age.Influenza tends to have worse outcomes in children under age 2, and adults older than age 65. • Living or working conditions.People who live or work in facilities with many other residents are more likely to get the flu. Some examples are nursing homes or military barracks. People who are staying in the hospital also are at higher risk. • Weakened immune system.Cancer treatments, anti-rejection medications, long-term use of steroids, organ transplant, blood cancer or HIV/AIDS can weaken the immune system. This can make it easier to catch the flu and may increase the risk of developing complications. • Chronic illnesses.Chronic conditions may increase the risk of influenza complications. Examples include asthma and other lung diseases, diabetes, heart disease, and nervous system diseases. Other examples are metabolic disorders, problems with an airway and kidney, liver or blood disease. • Race.American Indians or Alaska Native people may have a higher risk of influenza complications. • Aspirin use under age 19.People on long-term aspirin therapy and who are younger than 19 years of age are at risk of Reye syndrome if infected with influenza. • Pregnancy.Pregnant people are more likely to develop influenza complications, especially in the second and third trimesters. This risk continues up to two weeks after the baby is born. • Obesity.People with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher have a higher risk of flu complications.
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What are the complications of H1N1 flu (swine flu)?
Influenza complications include: • Worsening of chronic conditions, such as heart disease and asthma. • Pneumonia. • Neurological symptoms, ranging from confusion to seizures. • Respiratory failure. • Bronchitis. • Muscle tenderness. • Bacterial infections.
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What is the prevention of H1N1 flu (swine flu)?
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends annual flu vaccination for everyone age 6 months or older. The H1N1 virus is included in the seasonal flu vaccine. The flu vaccine can lower your risk of getting the flu. It also can lower the risk of having serious illness from the flu and needing to stay in the hospital. Each year's seasonal flu vaccine protects against the three or four influenza viruses. These are the viruses expected to be the most common during that year's flu season. Flu vaccination is especially important because the flu and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cause similar symptoms. BothCOVID-19and the flu may be spreading at the same time. Vaccination is the best way to protect against both. Flu vaccination could lessen symptoms that might be confused with those caused byCOVID-19. Vaccination also helps lower the number of people with severe flu and complications. And that may lower the number of people needing to stay in the hospital. The flu vaccine is available as an injection and as a nasal spray. The nasal spray is approved for people between 2 and 49 years old. It isn't recommended for some groups, such as: • Children younger than age 2. • Adults age 50 and older. • Pregnant people. • Children between 2 and 17 years old who are taking aspirin or a salicylate-containing medication. • People with weakened immune systems. • Close contacts or caregivers of people with highly weakened immune systems. Examples are people receiving chemotherapy, or recent bone marrow or solid organ transplantation. • Children 2 to 4 years old who have had asthma or wheezing in the past 12 months. If you have an egg allergy you can still get a flu vaccine. These measures also help prevent the flu and limit its spread: • Wash your hands often.If available, use soap and water, washing for at least 20 seconds. Or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that has at least 60% alcohol. • Cover your coughs and sneezes.Cough or sneeze into a tissue or your elbow. Then wash your hands. • Avoid touching your face.Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. • Clean and disinfect surfaces.Regularly clean often-touched surfaces to prevent spread of infection from a surface with the virus on it to your body. • Avoid contact with the virus.Try to avoid people who are sick or have symptoms of flu. And if you have symptoms, stay home if you can. When flu is spreading, consider keeping distance between yourself and others while indoors, especially in areas with poor air flow. If you're at high risk of complications from the flu consider avoiding swine barns at seasonal fairs and elsewhere.
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What are the Related information of H1N1 flu (swine flu)?
• COVID-19 vs. flu: Similarities and differences - Related informationCOVID-19 vs. flu: Similarities and differences
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What are the Overview of Influenza (flu)?
Flu, also called influenza, is an infection of the nose, throat and lungs, which are part of the respiratory system. The flu is caused by a virus. Influenza viruses are different from the "stomach flu" viruses that cause diarrhea and vomiting. Most people with the flu get better on their own. But sometimes, influenza and its complications can be deadly. To help protect against seasonal flu, you can get an annual flu shot. Although the vaccine isn't 100% effective, it lowers the chances of having severe complications from the flu. This is especially true for people who are at high risk of flu complications. Aside from the vaccine, you can take other steps to help prevent infection with the flu. You can clean and disinfect surfaces, wash hands, and keep the air around you moving.
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What are the symptoms of Influenza (flu)?
The viruses that cause flu spread at high levels during certain times of the year in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. These are called flu seasons. In North America, flu season usually runs between October and May. Symptoms of the flu such as a sore throat and a runny or stuffy nose are common. You may also get these symptoms with other illness such as a cold. But colds tend to start slowly, and the flu tends to come on quickly, within two or three days after you come in contact with the virus. And while a cold can be miserable, you usually feel much worse with the flu. Other common flu symptoms include: • Fever. • Cough. • Headache. • Muscle aches. • Feeling very tired. • Sweating and chills. In children, these symptoms may show up more generally as being fussy or irritable. Children also are more likely than adults to have ear pain, feel sick to the stomach, vomit or have diarrhea with the flu. In some cases, people have eye pain, watery eyes or find that light hurts their eyes.
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What are the Related information of Influenza (flu)?
• COVID-19 vs. flu: Similarities and differences - Related informationCOVID-19 vs. flu: Similarities and differences • COVID-19, cold, allergies and the flu: What are the differences? - Related informationCOVID-19, cold, allergies and the flu: What are the differences?
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Please answer the question as a medical doctor.
What are the causes of Influenza (flu)?
Influenza is caused by viruses. These viruses travel through the air in droplets when someone with the infection coughs, sneezes or talks. You can inhale the droplets directly. Or you can pick up the virus from touching an object, such as a computer keyboard, and then touching your eyes, nose or mouth. It's possible to spread the virus to others from about a day before symptoms appear until about 5 to 7 days after they start. This is called being contagious. Children and people with weakened immune systems may be contagious for a slightly longer time. Influenza viruses are constantly changing, with new strains appearing often. A person's first flu infection gives some long-term protection against similar strains of flu. But the vaccines offered each year are made to match the flu virus strains that are most likely to spread that season. The protection these vaccines offer lasts for months in most people.
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