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rolfing back in vogue, but with shaky evidence
toggle caption james gritz/istockphoto.com
as i open the door to a somewhat antiseptic-looking medical office in downtown san francisco, i'm quite certain i will not be getting a lavender-candles-and-wind-chimes kind of a massage -- the kind that will leave me facedown in my own drool. i expect this to be painful. that's what i've been told anyway.
greg brynelson, a certified rolfer and registered nurse with a loyal following, tells me to lie on my back. rolfing structural integration is a type of deep -- really deep -- massage that was last popular when nixon was president. well, rolfing has become a favorite again -- this time among the yoga-pilates-acupuncture crowd.
"through here, it feels like i'm coming up against a wall," he says. "there's not a lot of give."
brynelson has kind eyes and strong hands. or thumbs. i think that's what's pressing into my neck.
rolfing was named after its founder, an american biochemist named ida rolf. her own health problems led her to believe that deep tension -- even mild physical deformities in children, like pigeon toes -- could be relieved by pressing into a type of tissue called fascia. fascia fuses skin to muscle and muscle to bone, and it kind of keeps everything in place, like a snug pair of pantyhose.
slouching over a computer and schlepping around kids can tighten and shorten your muscles, and with them, the fascia cinches down, like one of those vacuum-sealed beef jerky bags. rolfers, like brynelson, believe stretching out the fascia -- getting it to be more soft and pliable -- can improve posture and strength, and over time, reduce aches and pain.
a closer look
since i had just had my fascia flattened, i wanted to see what it looks like. so i head to the cadaver lab in the basement of stanford university.
sakti srivastava, a physician at stanford's division of clinical anatomy, and i are looking at the fascia on a partially dissected human leg.
"this is what fascia looks like," he says.
it almost looks like the thin layer of white film you have after you debone a chicken and pull the skin off of it. if this person had bad posture or a chronic injury, rolfers say the fascia would tighten, throwing off the person's gait and possibly leading to lower back pain or other aches.
beyond fascia
it's a theory that is largely taken on faith, many researchers say. wolf mehling is a manual medicine physician at the university of california, san francisco who treats patients with rolfing as well as other kinds of massage. still, he says, it's hard to say if rolfing can lead to long-term structural changes in the body.
becoming a rolfer rolfing isn't just for achy adults: babies, the elderly and even horses can all receive it. but to be a real rolfer, practitioners must be trained and certified by the rolf institute of structural integration. rolfers "come from all walks of life," says susan winter, a spokeswoman for the institute. some are massage therapists or nurses, while others are totally new to bodywork. the certification program takes a year to 18 months to complete. students learn about anatomy and ethics, and they receive instruction in the institute's special brand of therapeutic touch. the institute offers three types of certification: at the basic level, students become certified rolfers. then there are certified advanced rolfers, who have at least three years of experience and completed the 24-day advanced rolfing training course. rolf movement practitioners complete an additional two-phase course that lasts 18 days. to find a rolfer who has received the official training, visit the institute's website. — whitney blair wyckoff
"to my knowledge, there has been no randomized, controlled trials comparing rolfing with other types of massage or bodywork," he says.
according to mehling and other researchers, the few studies that have been done are too limited or flawed to draw any conclusions about rolfing's effectiveness. rob landel, head of physical therapy at the university of southern california, says the philosophy of rolfing makes sense -- if you can loosen up and improve your posture, your overall body movement improves, too.
indeed, physical therapists are trained to work on soft tissue, like fascia. it's just that they work on other things, too -- joints and muscles and ligaments. and that, says landel, is why rolfing probably couldn't stand up in a clinical trial.
"i doubt if it will end up being, 'oh this is the thing,' because our musculoskeletal problems end up being multifactorial," he says. "so, it's doubtful that any single approach is going to fix everybody."
more likely, landel says, is that rolfing could be shown to work for certain problems like low back pain, when combined with strengthening exercises and better posture.
back to the back
which brings us back to my back. after pressing deeply into my right shoulder and neck, my rolfer greg brynelson asks me to stand up and look in the mirror.
"do you see how the left side is still grabbing?" brynelson asks. "there's just more softness through here. do you feel a little more movement?"
"it feels more relaxed, more fluid," i say.
and it's true: one shoulder has an easy, graceful slope. the other is hunched up, like it often is. as i put my shoes back on -- a pair of very unorthotic heels -- and sling my oversized, overloaded purse onto my shoulder, brynelson looks at me with pity and resignation. me and my fascia, it seems -- we're a work in progress.
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familygamertv* ˈfiʧərz ˈsɛvərəl nu ˈvɪdioʊz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wən ˈnɛˌreɪtɪd baɪ ʤɑn dɪˈskəsɪŋ ənd ˈprivˌjuɪŋ ðə ˈkərəntli əˈnaʊnst ˈdɪzni ərˈɪʤənəlz ˈfɪgjərz. sæm, quorra*, ˈmɪki ənd ˈmɪni ər ɔl ɔn dɪˈspleɪ, bət wi gɪt ɑr fərst lʊk æt ˈoʊlɑf. hɪz ˈkɛrɪktər ɪz ɪn ə fən ˈoʊpən poʊz ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ ju fər ə həg. hɪz beɪs ˈfiʧərz hɪz ˈtaɪni snoʊi fʊt prɪnts ənd ə flaʊər tɪ ʃoʊ ɔf hɪz ləv əv ˈsəmər. ʧɛk aʊt ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ˈgæləri əv ˈoʊlɑf! ɪn ə poʊst təˈdeɪ baɪ userâ*â leveldergisiâ*â wi gɪt ə fərst lʊk æt ðə ˈoʊlɑf ˈfɪgjər aʊt ɪn ðə waɪld! hi ɪz ˈpɪkʧərd ˈstændɪŋ wɪθ ðə tu ʤɑnz, ˈblækbərn æt ə ˈləndən prɛs ɪˈvɛnt. ðə pɪk əv ðə ˈtriˌoʊ ˈpoʊzɪŋ ənd sˈmaɪlɪŋ ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˈjoʊdə ənd ˈmɪki ˈfɪgjər, bət ʤɑn ˈblækbərn ɪz ˈhoʊldɪŋ ɑr ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈfroʊzən frɛnd.. ˈoʊlɑf! hir ɪz ðə pɪk wɪθ ðə ˈoʊlɑf ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti ˈfɪgjər: ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈpoʊstɪd baɪ ˈlɛvəl (@leveldergisi*) ɔn meɪ 21 2015 æt ðə poʊst (ɪn ˈtərkɪʃ) ˈtrænsˌleɪts tɪ (θæŋks tɪ ɔn reddit*): ˈɪŋglənd wəns əˈgɛn, jɛt əˈnəðər ɪˈvɛnt ˈspɛʃəl fər ˈlɛvəl. wi sɛnt @emrecaydogan*, ðə rɪˈpɔrtər əv ɑr ˈfæməli, tɪ ˈləndən ənd ʤɔɪnd ðə ˈdɪzni ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti: stɑr wɔrz ˈspɛʃəl ɪˈvɛnt. wi hæd ðə ʧæns tɪ ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ðə kriˈeɪtərz əv ˈdɪzni ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti, ʤɑn ənd ʤɑn ˈblækbərn ənd wi hæd ə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ˈteɪkən bɪtˈwin tu ʤɑnz. ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs ʃɛr! hæv ju ˈfɑloʊd ˈjuˈɛs ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk, tˈwɪtər, pinterest*? kip əp tɪ deɪt wɪθ ɔl ðə ˈleɪtəst ənd ˈgreɪtəst ˈdɪzni ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti nuz, gaɪdz, ˈgɪvəˌweɪz, ənd mɔr! wɔnt ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈdɪzni ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti nuz? ʧɛk ˈjuˈɛs aʊt ɔn tˈwɪtər, ˈjuˌtub, ˈfeɪsˌbʊk, pinterest*, ənd! səbˈskraɪb! laɪk! ləv! ˈfeɪvərɪt! retweet*! hæv ju ˈɛnərd ɑr ˈwikli ˈgɪvəˌweɪz jɛt? klɪk hir! ʧɛk aʊt ðə bɛst ˈdɪzni ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti dilz ðɪs wik! klɪk hir!
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familygamertv features several new videos including one narrated by john vignocchi discussing and previewing the currently announced 3.0 disney originals figures. sam, quorra, mickey and minnie are all on display, but we get our first look at olaf. his character is in a fun open pose inviting you for a hug. his base features his tiny snowy foot prints and a flower to show off his love of summer.
check out the video & gallery of olaf!
in a post today by instagram userâ leveldergisiâ we get a first look at the olaf figure out in the wild! he is pictured standing with the two johns, vignocchi & blackburn at a london press event. the pic of the trio posing and smiling includes the yoda and mickey figure, but john blackburn is holding our favorite frozen friend.. olaf!
here is the pic with the olaf infinity 3.0 figure:
a photo posted by level (@leveldergisi) on may 21, 2015 at 2:13pm pdt
the instagram post (in turkish) translates to (thanks to sertori on reddit):
england once again, yet another event special for level. we sent @emrecaydogan, the reporter of our family, to london and joined the disney infinity: star wars special event. we had the chance to interview with the creators of disney infinity, john vignocchi and john blackburn and we had a photograph taken between two johns.
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poʊl: baɪˈpɑrtəzənˌʃɪp ˈpɑpjələr, ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz ˈtrɪki əˈmɛrɪkənz sprɛd ðə bleɪm wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ðə læk əv kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ənd, ɪn ə nu ˈwɔʃɪŋtən nuz poʊl, moʊst wɔnt ðə tu saɪdz tɪ kip ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ pæs ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv rɪˈfɔrm. ˈnɪrli sɪks ɪn 10 ɪn ðə nu poʊl seɪ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈɑrənt duɪŋ ɪˈnəf tɪ fɔrʤ ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz wɪθ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɔn ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɪʃuz; mɔr ðən fɔr ɪn 10 si ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɛz duɪŋ tu ˈlɪtəl tɪ gɪt səˈpɔrt. əˈməŋ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənts, 56 pərˈsɛnt si ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs ɛz tu ˌənˈbɛndɪŋ ənd 50 pərˈsɛnt seɪ soʊ əv ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt; 28 pərˈsɛnt əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənts seɪ boʊθ saɪdz ər duɪŋ tu ˈlɪtəl tɪ faɪnd əˈgrimənt. ɛz ˈpɑrti ˈlidərz ˈtəsəl ˈoʊvər ðə prəˈpoʊzd baɪˈpɑrtɪzən hɛlθ kɛr ˈsəmɪt, ˈnɪrli ˌtuˈθərdz əv əˈmɛrɪkənz seɪ ðeɪ wɔnt ˈkɑŋgrəs tɪ kip ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ pæs ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv rɪˈfɔrm. ˈdɛməˌkræts ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋli səˈpɔrt kənˈtɪnjud ˈækʃən ɔn ðɪs frənt, ɛz du 56 pərˈsɛnt əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənts ənd 42 pərˈsɛnt əv rɪˈpəblɪkənz. ðə ˈstɪki pɑrt əv ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd dɪˈzaɪər fər ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz ɪz ðət ɪts ˈsɪmpəl tɪ wɔnt ɪt frəm ðə ˈəðər saɪd. əˈbaʊt θˌrikˈwɔrtərz əv ˈdɛməˌkræts si ðə kənˈgrɛʃənəl rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɛz ˌɪnˈtrænzəʤənt, waɪl ə ˈsɪmələr prəˈpɔrʃən əv rɪˈpəblɪkənz si ˌoʊˈbɑmə ðət weɪ. bət ˈivɪn rɪˈpəblɪkənz ər ˈkrɪtɪkəl əv ðɛr kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈlidərˌʃɪp, wɪθ 44 pərˈsɛnt siɪŋ ðɛm ɛz duɪŋ tu ˈlɪtəl tɪ straɪk dilz wɪθ ˌoʊˈbɑmə; ðət kəmˈpɛrz wɪθ ʤɪst 13 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ˌɪˈnækʃən ɔn ˌoʊˈbɑməz pɑrt. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt dɪz pɪk əp səm ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm frəm ðə lɛft hir: 18 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈdɛməˌkræts seɪ ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz duɪŋ tu məʧ tɪ ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz wɪθ ðə ɔn bɪg ˈɪʃuz. mɔr frəm ðə poʊl kənˈdəktəd ˈθərzˌdeɪ θru ˈmənˌdeɪ wɪl bi riˈlist təˈmɑˌroʊ ɪn ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst. ðə ˈmɑrʤən əv ˈsæmplɪŋ ˈɛrər fər ðə rɪˈzəlts frəm ðə fʊl ˈrændəm ˈsæmpəl əv ˈædəlts ɪz pləs ər ˈmaɪnəs θri pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts.
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poll: bipartisanship popular, compromise tricky
americans spread the blame when it comes to the lack of cooperation in washington, and, in a new washington post-abc news poll, most want the two sides to keep working to pass comprehensive health-care reform.
nearly six in 10 in the new poll say the republicans aren't doing enough to forge compromise with president obama on important issues; more than four in 10 see obama as doing too little to get gop support. among independents, 56 percent see the republicans in congress as too unbending and 50 percent say so of the president; 28 percent of independents say both sides are doing too little to find agreement.
as party leaders tussle over the proposed bipartisan health care summit, nearly two-thirds of americans say they want congress to keep working to pass comprehensive health-care reform. democrats overwhelmingly support continued action on this front, as do 56 percent of independents and 42 percent of republicans.
the sticky part of widespread desire for compromise is that it's simple to want it from the other side. about three-quarters of democrats see the congressional republicans as intransigent, while a similar proportion of republicans see obama that way. but even republicans are critical of their congressional leadership, with 44 percent seeing them as doing too little to strike deals with obama; that compares with just 13 percent of democrats worried about inaction on obama's part.
at the same time, the president does pick up some criticism from the left here: 18 percent of liberal democrats say obama is doing too much to compromise with the gop on big issues.
more from the poll conducted thursday through monday will be released tomorrow in the washington post. the margin of sampling error for the results from the full random sample of 1,004 adults is plus or minus three percentage points.
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ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz jəl kwɑn ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd əv sərˈvaɪvər: kʊk ˈaɪləndz. baɪ jəl kwɑn li ˈɛˌseɪ, əv ðə ˈtaɪgər nation,”*,” wɪl ənˈdaʊtɪdli prəˈvoʊk ʃɑrp riˈækʃənz boʊθ wɪˈθɪn ənd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈeɪʒən əˈmɛrɪkən kəmˈjunɪti. ðə fækt ðət aɪ wɑz ˈmɛnʃənd ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ˈeɪʒən əˈmɛrɪkən səkˈsɛs (aɪ wən ““survivor”*” ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈθərˈtinθ ˈsizən wɪn ðə kənˈtɛstənts wər dɪˈvaɪdɪd baɪ reɪs), kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv mi ðət əˈkəmpənid ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl, həz ɔˈrɛdi kɔzd mi səm ˌkɑnstərˈneɪʃən. ɛz sun ɛz ɪt wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt, maɪ waɪf sɛnt mi ə tɛkst dɪˈmændɪŋ tɪ noʊ waɪ aɪ noʊ ˈlɔŋgər lʊk laɪk aɪ dɪd ɪn ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ (maɪ leɪm rɪˈspɑns: ˈmɛrid wɪθ kids?)”*?)” maɪ frɛnd, ʤɛf jæŋ, həz ˈrɪtən ən ˈɛksələnt rɪˈspɑns ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ waɪ ˈblæŋkɪt əˈsərʃənz əˈbaʊt ˈeɪʒənz ənd ˈeɪʒən əˈmɛrɪkənz ər mɪsˈgaɪdɪd, soʊ aɪ traɪ tɪ ɑrˈtɪkjəˌleɪt ðə seɪm pɔɪnts hir ɪn lɛs ɑrˈtɪkjəˌleɪt ˈfæʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ du θɪŋk wərθ ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪŋ wən ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ʤuz ənd ˈeɪʒən əˈmɛrɪkənz ðət ˈɛˌseɪ təʧ əˈpɑn. ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl, ʤuz ər mɔr ˈizəli ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈsɪməˌleɪt ˈɪntu əˈmɛrɪkən soʊˈsaɪɪti bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈæbsəns əv ˈizəli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪəbəl ˈfɪzɪkəl treɪts ðət dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ ðɛm frəm ˈəðər ““white”*” əˈmɛrɪkənz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ʤɑn stuərt ɪz ʤuɪʃ (hi wɑz bɔrn leibowitz”*”), bət moʊst ˈpipəl wʊd ˈnɛvər noʊ ðɪs ɪf hi meɪk ˈrɛfərəns tɪ hɪz ʤuɪʃ ˈbækˌgraʊnd. baɪ ˈkɑntræst, wən əv ðə ˈdraɪvərz əv ðə ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ foreigner”*” ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪp fər ˈeɪʒən əˈmɛrɪkənz ɪz ðə fækt ðət wi ˈɑbviəsli lʊk ˈdɪfərənt frəm waɪts (ɛz wɛl ɛz blæks). ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛntli, ɪt ˈɔfən ˈmætər ɪf wi wər bɔrn ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd hir, wərk hir, ər ˈivɪn əˈmɛrɪkəˌnaɪz ɑr neɪmz ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiət prɪˈzəmpʃən ðət ˈmɛni ˈpipəl meɪk əˈpɑn siɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ɪz ðət ˈfɔrənərz bɪˈkəz wi lʊk kənˈvɛnʃənəli əˈmɛrɪkən.
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getty images yul kwon during the first episode of survivor: cook islands.
by yul kwon
lee siegel’s essay, “rise of the tiger nation,” will undoubtedly provoke sharp reactions both within and outside the asian american community. the fact that i was mentioned as an example of asian american success (i won “survivor” during the controversial thirteenth season when the contestants were divided by race), combined with the shirtless photo of me that accompanied the article, has already caused me some consternation. as soon as it was published, my wife sent me a text demanding to know why i no longer look like i did in the photo (my lame response: “er…i’m married with kids?)”
my friend, jeff yang, has written an excellent response explaining why blanket assertions about asians and asian americans are misguided, so i won’t try to articulate the same points here in less articulate fashion.
however, i do think it’s worth highlighting one critical difference between jews and asian americans that siegel’s essay touch upon. in general, jews are more easily able to assimilate into american society because of the absence of easily identifiable physical traits that distinguish them from other “white” americans. for example, jon stewart is jewish (he was born “jonathan leibowitz”), but most people would never know this if he make reference to his jewish background. by contrast, one of the drivers of the enduring “perpetual foreigner” stereotype for asian americans is the fact that we obviously look different from whites (as well as blacks). consequently, it often matter if we were born in the us, educated here, work here, or even americanize our names – the immediate presumption that many people make upon seeing us is that we’re foreigners because we look conventionally american.
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ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt həz bɪn əˈbəz sɪns ˈlərnɪŋ əv səˈpoʊzd plænz tɪ æks ɔl leia’*’ ˈmərʧənˌdaɪz. ˈmɑrvəl ˈɑrtɪst ʤeɪ. skɑt ˈkæmbəl ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ˈsɛksi dɪˈpɪkʃənz əv leɪɑ ɪn ˈkɑmɪks ər biɪŋ dɪˈskərɪʤd, ˈraɪtɪŋ ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ðət ɪz ɔˈrɛdi wɛl ɔn ɪts weɪ tɪ ˈwaɪpɪŋ aʊt ðə ‘‘slave’*’ ˈaʊtˌfɪt frəm ˈɛni fˈjuʧər ˈprɑdəkts ˈpɪriəd. ju wɪl nɑt si ˈɛni fˈjuʧər ˈmərʧənˌdaɪzɪŋ ˈfiʧərɪŋ ðə sleɪv ˈaʊtˌfɪt ˈɛvər əˈgɛn. trəst me.”*.” ˈmɛni ˈpɑzət ðət ðə rɪˈmuvəl əv dɪˈpɪkʃənz əv ˈkɛri ˈfɪʃər klæd ɪn ə goʊld bɪˈkini ɪz ˈoʊvərˈdu, ɛz ðə ˈkɑstum ɪz ‘‘sexist,’*,’ ənd ‘‘objectifies’*’ leɪɑ bɪˈkəz hər ‘‘agency’*’ wɑz ‘‘removed.’*.’. waɪl ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ wərdz praɪər tɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ðɛm həz bɪˈkəm tæˈbu wɪθ ðə groʊθ əv ˈmɑdərn ˈrædɪkəl ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm, fər ðə seɪk əv maɪ oʊn əmˈjuzmənt goʊɪŋ tɪ riˈmaɪnd ˈɛvriˌwən əv wət ‘‘sexism’*’ ənd ‘‘objectification’*’ ˈæˌkʧuəli min. ˈsɛksɪzəm ɪz ðə ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪpɪŋ əv, ər ˈprɛʤədɪs əˈgɛnst, ə ˈpərsən beɪst ɔn ðɛr ˈʤɛndər. ɪz ə ˈprɛmɪs ˈsɛntrəl tɪ ˈfɛmənɪst ˈθɪri ənd, ɪn ˈɛsəns, dɪˈskraɪbz ə ˈpərsən hu həz bɪn rɪˈdust tɪ ðə ˈstætəs əv ən ˈɑbʤɛkt. naʊ sɛt ðə sin: ɪn ðə ˈɛmpaɪər straɪks bæk, hɑn ˈsoʊˌloʊ ɪz ˈkɪdˌnæpt, ˈtɔrʧərd, ˈfroʊzən ɪn carbonite*, ənd ðɛn ˈhændɪd ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə hət. ðɪs ˈstɔri ˈrɛzəˌmeɪz ɪn rɪˈtərn əv ðə ˈʤɛˌdi wɪn ˈprɪnsɛs leɪɑ, rɪˈbɛljən ˈlidər ənd fɪrs pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈfɪgjər, dɪsˈgaɪzɪz hərˈsɛlf ɛz ə ˈbaʊnti ˈhəntər ənd tɔks hər weɪ ˈɪntu kɔrt. ʃi ˈleɪtər friz hɑn, bət boʊθ ɛnd əp ˈkæpʧərd. hɑn ɪz ˌɪmˈprɪzənd, ənd leɪɑ ɪz θroʊn ˈɪntu ə goʊld bɪˈkini ənd ʧeɪnd tɪ. ju noʊ ðət leɪɑ ɪz pɪst əˈbaʊt ðət ˈkɑstum wɪn ˈwɛrɪŋ ɪt. ju ˈɔlsoʊ noʊ ðət leɪɑ ɪz pɪst əˈbaʊt biɪŋ ʧeɪnd tɪ ə ʤaɪənt sləg. ʃi wɑz fɔrst ˈɪntu ə ˈaʊtˌfɪt ənd ə ʧeɪn, wɪʧ minz ɪt wɑz ˈɑbviəsli ə ˈsɛksɪst dɪˈpɪkʃən dɪˈzaɪnd ɪkˈsklusɪvli fər ðə ɪkˈsaɪtmənt əv bɔɪz ənd mɛn, raɪt? rɔŋ. ðət ɪz rɔŋ bɪˈkəz əv wət ˈhæpənz nɛkst. leɪɑ teɪks ðə ʧeɪn ˈbaɪndɪŋ hər tɪ hər ˈkæptər, ənd ʃi snəfs aʊt ðə ˈtoʊni mɑnˈtænə əv wɪθ ɪt. leɪɑ lɛt hər kloʊðz gɪt ɪn hər weɪ. ʃi plɑts, ʃi weɪts fər ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈmoʊmənt, ənd ðɛn ʃi ʧoʊks wən əv ðə ˈbɪgəst kraɪm lɔrdz ɪn ðə ˈgæləksi tɪ dɛθ wɪθ ðə ˈvɛri ʧeɪn hi ɛnsˈleɪvd hər wɪθ. hɪz dɛθ wɑz nɑt swɪft ðɪs wɑz nɑt ə ʧɑp. hi ʃɑt. ðə hət ˈstrəgəld ənd flailed*. ju lʊkt ɪn hɪz aɪz waɪl hi wɑz daɪɪŋ, ənd leɪɑ hɛld ɔn ənˈtɪl ðə ɛnd. ðɪs wɑz ən ɪkˈstrimli ˈɪnɪmət, ˈpərsɪnəl, ənd dɑrk dɛθ, ˈɑrgjuəbli wən əv ðə ˈdɑrkəst ɪn ðə ɪnˈtaɪərti əv ðə stɑr wɔrz ˈfrænˌʧaɪz. ðɛn ʃi hɛlpt luk bloʊ əp hɪz ʃɪp, ənd lʊkt dæm gʊd duɪŋ ɪt. du ju wɔnt tɪ noʊ wət ðət goʊld bɪˈkini sɪz tɪ mi? ðət goʊld bɪˈkini sɪz, ju wɪθ mi, aɪ wɪl ɛnd you.”*.” ðət goʊld bɪˈkini sɪz ˈəndərˈɛstəˌmeɪt women.”*.” ðət goʊld bɪˈkini sɪz hæθ noʊ fury…”*…” sleɪv leɪɑ, ˈɑkə jabba-killing-leia*, wɑz wən əv ðə ˈərliəst ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv ə tru ˈfɛmənɪst ˈaɪkɑn ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ɪn ˈmidiə. ðət sin kwaɪt ˈsɪriəsli wɔrnd əˈgɛnst ˌəndərˈɛstɪˌmeɪtɪŋ ˈwɪmən waɪlst ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli ʃoʊɪŋ ðət ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti kən bi ə paʊər ɛz wɛl ɛz ə kəˈmɑdəti. ˈfeɪtəli ˈəndərˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd hɪz ˈprɪzənər, hu ˈmænɪʤd tɪ teɪk ɪm daʊn wɪθ ˈnəθɪŋ bət ə ʧeɪn ənd ə wɪl tɪ sərˈvaɪv. ˈfɛmənɪsts wɔnt tɪ ɪˈreɪs ðət. ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ ɪˈreɪs ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns tɪ ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ðə fɪlm bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər ənˈkəmfərtəbəl wɪθ wət ʃi wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ. wɑz leɪɑ ˈsɛksi? ʃi ʃʊr ɛz hɛl wɑz. dɪd ðət draɪv hər ˈstɔri ɑrk? dɪd ðət ˈivɪn draɪv ðə ðə hət ˈstɔri ɑrk? ˈoʊnli ɪn ðə maɪnd əv ə ˈpərsən hu ɪz soʊ sɛks ˈnɛgətɪv ðət ðeɪ ˈkænɑt ˈfæðəm ðə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈmərʤər əv strɛŋθ ənd ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti. ɪf sleɪv leɪɑ ɪz kənˈsɪdərd ‘‘sexist,’*,’ ðɛn ðət minz ðət ‘‘sexism’*’ ɪz ðə ækt əv vjuɪŋ ˈwɪmən ɛz strɔŋ ənd ˈkeɪpəbəl rəˈgɑrdləs əv wət ðeɪ ər ˈwɛrɪŋ. ɪf leɪɑ ɪz biɪŋ ‘‘objectified’*’ ɪn ðət sin, ðɛn ðət minz ðət ‘‘objectification’*’ ɪz ðə bɪˈlif ðət ˈwɪmən hu dɪˈfɛnd ənd ˈrɛskju ðɛmˈsɛlvz ər ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ˈwɪndoʊ ˈdrɛsɪŋ. ɪf wi ər ˈjuzɪŋ ən ˈækjərət ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv, laɪk ækt əv ˈtritɪŋ ə ˈpərsən ɛz ə kəˈmɑdəti ər ən ˈɑbʤɛkt wɪˈθaʊt rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ðɛr ˈdɪgnəti ər ˈpərsɪnəl agency,”*,” ðɛn noʊ wən kən ˈtruli kleɪm ðət ˈɛni leɪɑ, list əv ɔl ðɪs leɪɑ, wɑz ɪn ðə list bɪt objectified*. ðə ˌfæsəˈneɪʃən ˈfɛmənɪsts hoʊld wɪθ əˈtaɪər ɪz nɑt ɪkˈsklusɪv tɪ leia.’*.’ ˈfɛmənɪsts wər əˈnɔɪd ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə riˈlis əv 2 bɪˈkəz ðə ˈtɪʧələr ˈhɪroʊ wɑz ˈsɛksi ənd ðəs ˈklɪrli ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈɔlsoʊ biɪŋ ə strɔŋ ˈfiˌmeɪl proʊˈtægənəst. ˈminˌwaɪl, ɪn ðə ril wərld, ˈfɛmənɪsts ˈɛvriˌwɛr ˌriəˈfərmd əˈsəmpʃənz ðət ˈwɪmən kɛr mɔr əˈbaʊt kloʊðz ðən saɪəns baɪ ˈblæstɪŋ mæt ˈteɪlər, ə ˈsaɪəntɪst frəm ðə roʊˈzɛtə ˈmɪʃən ðət ˈlændɪd ðə speɪs proʊb ɔn ə ˈkɑmət, fər ˈwɛrɪŋ ə ʃərt ðeɪ laɪk. ðə ˈvɛri ˈpipəl ˈaʊˌtreɪʤd ˈoʊvər sleɪv ˈkɑstum, əˈpɪrəns, mæt ʃərt, ənd ə ˈfɪtnəs fɪt fəˈzik biɪŋ juzd ɪn ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ fər ə nuˈtrɪʃənəl ˌsəpləˈmɛnt, ər ˈlaɪkli ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpreɪzɪŋ ðɛr ˈfɛloʊ ˈfɛmənɪsts fər ˈwɔkɪŋ əraʊnd ˈneɪkəd ənd laɪɪŋ əˈbaʊt ə reɪp ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk. ðiz ˈpipəl wɔnt sleɪv leɪɑ ˈsɛnsərd ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈwɪmən frəm səm ˈbrutəl ˈsɛksɪst slaɪt. ðeɪ wɔnt ɪt ˈsɛnsərd bɪˈkəz sleɪv leɪɑ dɪˈrɛkli ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkts ðɛr ˈnɛrətɪv əˈbaʊt ɪn dɪˈstrɛs, əˈprɛst ˈwɪmən, ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl ɪn ðə ˈmidiə. ˈiðər ðət, ər bɪˈkəz ðeɪ noʊ ˈnɛvər rɑk ðət bɪˈkini ðə weɪ ˈkɛri ˈfɪʃər dɪd. aɪ min, waʊ.
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the internet has been abuzz since learning of disney’s supposed plans to axe all ‘slave leia’ merchandise.
marvel artist j. scott campbell stated that sexy depictions of leia in comics are being discouraged, writing on facebook that “disney is already well on its way to wiping out the ‘slave’ outfit from any future products period. you will not see any future merchandising featuring the slave outfit ever again. trust me.” many posit that the removal of depictions of carrie fisher clad in a gold bikini is overdue, as the costume is ‘sexist,’ and ‘objectifies’ leia because her ‘agency’ was ‘removed.’ yada yada jabba jabba.
while understanding words prior to using them has become taboo with the growth of modern radical feminism, for the sake of my own amusement i’m going to condescendingly remind everyone of what ‘sexism’ and ‘objectification’ actually mean. sexism is the stereotyping of, or prejudice against, a person based on their gender. objectification is a premise central to feminist theory and, in essence, describes a person who has been reduced to the status of an object.
now let’s set the scene: in the empire strikes back, han solo is kidnapped, tortured, frozen in carbonite, and then handed over to jabba the hutt. this story resumes in return of the jedi when princess leia, rebellion leader and fierce political figure, disguises herself as a bounty hunter and talks her way into jabba’s court. she later frees han, but both end up captured. han is imprisoned, and leia is thrown into a gold bikini and chained to jabba.
you know that leia is pissed about that costume when she’s wearing it. you also know that leia is pissed about being chained to a giant slug. she was forced into a sexualized outfit and a choker chain, which means it was obviously a sexist depiction designed exclusively for the excitement of boys and men, right? wrong. that is wrong because of what happens next. leia takes the chain binding her to her captor, and she snuffs out the tony montana of tattooine with it.
leia doesn’t let her clothes get in her way. she plots, she waits for the perfect moment, and then she chokes one of the biggest crime lords in the galaxy to death with the very chain he enslaved her with. his death was not swift — this was not a lightsaber chop. he wasn’t shot. jabba the hutt struggled and flailed. you looked in his eyes while he was dying, and leia held on until the end. this was an extremely intimate, personal, and dark death, arguably one of the darkest in the entirety of the star wars franchise. then she helped luke blow up his ship, and looked damn good doing it.
do you want to know what that gold bikini says to me? that gold bikini says, “if you f*ck with me, i will end you.”
that gold bikini says “don’t underestimate women.”
that gold bikini says “hell hath no fury…”
slave leia, aka jabba-killing-leia, was one of the earliest examples of a true feminist icon represented in media. that scene quite seriously warned against underestimating women whilst simultaneously showing that sexuality can be a power as well as a commodity. jabba fatally underestimated his prisoner, who managed to take him down with nothing but a chain and a will to survive.
feminists want to erase that. they want to erase the character’s importance to the outcome of the film because they are uncomfortable with what she was wearing. was leia sexy? she sure as hell was. did that drive her story arc? did that even drive the jabba the hutt story arc? only in the mind of a person who is so sex negative that they cannot fathom the successful merger of strength and sexuality.
if slave leia is considered ‘sexist,’ then that means that ‘sexism’ is the act of viewing women as strong and capable regardless of what they are wearing. if leia is being ‘objectified’ in that scene, then that means that ‘objectification’ is the belief that women who defend and rescue themselves are little more than window dressing. if we are using an accurate definition of objectification, like “the act of treating a person as a commodity or an object without regard to their dignity or personal agency,” then no one can truly claim that any leia, least of all this leia, was in the least bit objectified.
the fascination feminists hold with attire is not exclusive to ‘slave leia.’ feminists were annoyed following the release of nintendo’s bayonetta 2, because the game’s titular hero was sexy and thus clearly incapable of also being a strong female protagonist. meanwhile, in the real world, feminists everywhere reaffirmed assumptions that women care more about clothes than science by blasting matt taylor, a scientist from the rosetta mission that landed the philae space probe on a comet, for wearing a shirt they didn’t like.
the very people outraged over leia’s slave costume, bayonetta’s appearance, matt taylor’s shirt, and a fitness model’s fit physique being used in advertising for a nutritional supplement, are likely also praising their fellow feminists for walking around naked and lying about a rape epidemic. these people don’t want slave leia censored in order to protect women from some brutal sexist slight. they want it censored because slave leia directly contradicts their narrative about damsels in distress, oppressed women, and sexual objectification in the media.
either that, or because they know they’ll never rock that bikini the way carrie fisher did. i mean, wow.
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rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt ˈdɑnəld trəmp spiks ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈræli, ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, meɪ 27 2016 ɪn ˈfrɛznoʊ, ˈkælɪf. (ˌeɪˈpi ˈkɑrlsən) əˈmɛrɪkənz təˈdeɪ seɪ ðeɪ ər ˈʤɛnərəli ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk əˈbaʊt ðɛr fˈjuʧərz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈgæləp ˈpoʊlɪŋ. bət wən grup ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr pur waɪt əˈmɛrɪkənz həz ə ˈʃɑkɪŋli ˈdɪzməl vju əv wət ðə fˈjuʧər hoʊldz fər ðɛm. ənd ðɪs ˈpɛsəˌmɪzəm əˈməŋ pur waɪts goʊz ə lɔŋ weɪ təˈwɔrd ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðə streɪnʤ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈmoʊmənt wi faɪnd ɑrˈsɛlvz ɪn, wən ɪn wɪʧ ˈdɑnəld trəmp sərʤd tɪ ðə tɔp əv ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈtɪkɪt baɪ ˈtæpɪŋ ˈɪntu ə dip veɪn əv ˈreɪʃəl æŋˈzaɪəti əˈməŋ ðə ˈneɪʃənz ˈwərkɪŋ klæs. ˈkɛrəl græm, ə ˈhæpinəs ˈrisərʧər æt ðə ˈbrʊkɪŋz ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən, ˈrisəntli ˈænəˌlaɪzd ˈdætə ɔn laɪf ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən ənd faʊnd ðət wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ðɛr ˈaʊˌtlʊk ɔn ðə fˈjuʧər, ðə moʊst ˈdɛspərɪt grups ər pur ənd waɪts. ˈgæləp æsks ˈpipəl tɪ reɪt ðɛr ˈkɑrənt lɪvz ɔn ə skeɪl əv 0 tɪ 10 wɛr 0 ɪz ðə wərst ˈpɑsəbəl laɪf ðeɪ kʊd bi ˈlɪvɪŋ ənd 10 ɪz ðə bɛst. ˈkruʃəli, ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ æsk ˈpipəl tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən wət ðɛr lɪvz wɪl lʊk laɪk faɪv jɪrz ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. əˈməŋ ðə pur, waɪts ər ðə ˌdɛməˈgræfɪk grup list ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ə ˈbɛtər fˈjuʧər fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz, græm faʊnd. pur hɪˈspænɪks wər əˈbaʊt 30 pərˈsɛnt mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ə ˈbɛtər fˈjuʧər ðən pur waɪts. ðə ˈdɪfərəns fər pur blæks wɑz ˈivɪn ˈlɑrʤər: ðeɪ wər ˈnɪrli θri taɪmz ɛz ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ə ˈbɛtər fˈjuʧər ðən pur waɪts. ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ˈɑptɪˌmɪzəm bɪtˈwin pur blæks ənd pur waɪts ɪz ˈnɪrli ɛz bɪg ɛz ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə pur ənd ðə ˈmɪdəl klæs ˈoʊvərˌɔl: "ðə ˈævərɪʤ skɔr əv pur blæks ɪz lɑrʤ ɪˈnəf tɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ˈɑptɪˌmɪzəm əˈbaʊt ðə fˈjuʧər bɪtˈwin biɪŋ pur ənd biɪŋ ˈmɪdəl klæs (e.g*. riˈmuvɪŋ ðə lɑrʤ ˈnɛgətɪv ˈifɛkt əv ˈpɑvərti)," græm faʊnd. ɪn ʃɔrt, pur waɪts ˈɑrənt ʤɪst pur: ðɛr ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn ə steɪt əv dɪˈspɛr. græm sɪz ðɪs ˈɑptɪˌmɪzəm ˈdɛfəsət kʊd hæv ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz. "ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz wɪθ haɪ ˈlɛvəlz əv ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ hæv ˈbɛtər ˈaʊtˌkəmz; ðeɪ bɪˈliv ɪn ðɛr fˈjuʧərz ənd ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn ðɛm," ʃi raɪts. "ɪn ˈkɑntræst, ðoʊz wɪˈθaʊt hoʊp fər ðɛr fˈjuʧərz ˈtɪpɪkəli du nɑt meɪk səʧ ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts." pur waɪts' dɪˈspɛr meɪ ˈpɑrtli bi ə rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˈsərtən ˈsoʊʃəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk trɛnz. dɛθ reɪts fər waɪts hæv bɪn ɛˈsɛnʃəli flæt ˈoʊvər ðə pæst 20 jɪrz, waɪl mɔrˈtæləti reɪts fər ˈəðər ˈɛθnɪk grups ˈpləmətɪd. ʤɑnz ˈhɑpkɪnz ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪst ˈændru həz faʊnd ðət ˌɔlˈðoʊ blæks ər ˈʤɛnərəli ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli təˈdeɪ ðən ðɛr ˈpɛrənts wər, waɪts ər ˈʤɛnərəli wərs ɔf. raɪts ðət wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ əˈsɛsɪŋ kˈwɑləti əv laɪf, ˈpipəl tɛnd tɪ kəmˈpɛr ðɛmˈsɛlvz tɪ "ˈrɛfərəns grups" "haʊ æm aɪ duɪŋ kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈəðərz əraʊnd mi?" ðə pæst 30 ər 40 jɪrz hæv sin ˈstraɪkɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd hɛlθ geɪnz fər ˈnɑnˈwaɪt ˈfæməliz ɪn pɑrt, ðɪs ɪz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˈroʊlɪŋ bæk əv dɪˈskrɪmənəˌtɔri ˈpɑləsiz ðət kɛpt məˈnɔrətiz lɑkt aʊt əv ˈmɪdəlˈklæs laɪf. bət waɪts meɪ lʊk bæk ənd si noʊ ˈsɪmələr ˈpætərn əv geɪnz, ɪn pɑrt bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wərənt ɛz ˈbrɔdli dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪtɪd əˈgɛnst ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. pɑrt əv ðə ˈɑptɪˌmɪzəm gæp ɪz ˌɪnˈdid bɪˈkəz əv "ə ʃˈrɪŋkɪŋ paɪ əv gʊd ʤɑbz fər ˈkɑlər ˈwərkərz," græm sɛd ɪn ən iˈmeɪl. "waɪts juzd tɪ hæv ril ædˈvæntɪʤɪz (səm ˈviə dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən) ðət ðeɪ noʊ ˈlɔŋgər hæv ðeɪ ər ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ˈdaʊnwərd moʊˈbɪlɪti ər θrɛts əv ɪt, waɪl pur blæks ənd hɪˈspænɪks ər kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz tɪ ˈpɛrənts hu wər wərs ɔf ðən ðeɪ." ənd ˌpɛrəˈdɑksəkəli, waɪl səm ˌɪnɪkˈwɑlɪtiz bɪtˈwin ˈreɪsɪz ər ʃˈrɪŋkɪŋ, ˈəðər ˌɪnɪkˈwɑlɪtiz wɪˈθɪn ˈreɪsɪz ər groʊɪŋ. əˈkrɔs ɔl ˈreɪsɪz, fər ˈɪnstəns, ðə ˈwɛlθi ər ˈgɑbəlɪŋ əp ən ʃɛr əv ðə ˈɪnˌkəm paɪ ənd ˈlivɪŋ lɛs bɪˈhaɪnd fər ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls. ɪf jʊr ə waɪt əˈmɛrɪkən, ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ɪt meɪ sim ɛz ðoʊ ju ər stək wɪθ ə ˈluzɪŋ hænd ɪn ə blik ˈziroʊˌsəm geɪm: məˈnɔrətiz ər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈrɪʧər. ðə rɪʧ ər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈrɪʧər. ðɛr ɔl duɪŋ soʊ æt jʊr ɪkˈspɛns, ənd ɪts ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən θɪŋz biɪŋ ˈɛni ˈdɪfərənt ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. ˈɛnər, ðɛn, ə ˈkænədɪt laɪk ˈdɑnəld trəmp wən hu ˈprɑməsəz tɪ "meɪk əˈmɛrɪkə greɪt əˈgɛn," ənd hu spiks wət meɪ sim laɪk riˈfrɛʃɪŋli blənt truθs əˈbaʊt ˈpipəl hu doʊnt lʊk laɪk ju ənd ˈpipəl hu meɪk mɔr ˈməni ðən ju. ɪts ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊt ðət moʊst trəmp səˈpɔrtərz ər ˈʤɛnərəli nɑt əˈmɛrɪkənz. ɛz əv læst mənθ, ðə ˈmidiən ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˈɪnˌkəm fər ə trəmp ˈvoʊtər ɪn ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpraɪˌmɛriz wɑz wɛl əˈbəv ðət əv ðə ˈævərɪʤ juz. ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ fivethirtyeight.com*. stɪl, fər ðoʊz klæs əˈmɛrɪkənz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən front-runner*, ə ˈpɑpjələst ˈkænədɪt səʧ ɛz trəmp meɪ kəm tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈsəmθɪŋ ðeɪ ˈhævənt ɪkˈspɪriənst ɪn ə lɔŋ taɪm: hoʊp. rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt ˈdɑnəld trəmp geɪv ə spiʧ æt ðə trəmp ˈnæʃənəl gɔlf kləb ɪn ˈbraɪrˌklɪf ˈmænər, n.y*., ɛz ˈpraɪˌmɛri ɪˈlɛkʃənz tʊk pleɪs ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, nu ˈʤərzi, nu ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, mɑnˈtænə, nɔrθ dəˈkoʊtə ənd saʊθ dəˈkoʊtə. (ˈrɔɪtərz) mɔr frəm wonkblog*: ə streɪnʤ bət ˈækjərət prɪˈdɪktər əv ˈwɛðər ˈsəmˌwən səˈpɔrts ˈdɑnəld trəmp aɪ æst saɪˈkɑləʤəsts tɪ ˈænəˌlaɪz trəmp səˈpɔrtərz. ðɪs ɪz wət aɪ ˈlərnɪd. ðə bɪˈzɑr ˈɑptɪˌmɪzəm ɪn ˈdɑnəld trəmps ˈθɪri əv ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi
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republican presidential candidate donald trump speaks during a rally, friday, may 27, 2016 in fresno, calif. (ap photo/chris carlson)
americans today say they are generally optimistic about their futures, according to gallup polling. but one group in particular -- poor white americans -- has a shockingly dismal view of what the future holds for them. and this pessimism among poor whites goes a long way toward explaining the strange political moment we find ourselves in, one in which donald trump surged to the top of the republican primary ticket by tapping into a deep vein of racial anxiety among the nation's working class.
carol graham, a happiness researcher at the brookings institution, recently analyzed gallup's data on life satisfaction and found that when it comes to their outlook on the future, the most desperate groups are poor and near-poor whites.
gallup asks people to rate their current lives on a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is the worst possible life they could be living and 10 is the best. crucially, they also ask people to imagine what their lives will look like five years in the future.
among the poor, whites are the demographic group least likely to imagine a better future for themselves, graham found. poor hispanics were about 30 percent more likely to imagine a better future than poor whites. the difference for poor blacks was even larger: they were nearly three times as likely to imagine a better future than poor whites.
the difference in optimism between poor blacks and poor whites is nearly as big as the difference between the poor and the middle class overall: "the average score of poor blacks is large enough to eliminate the difference in optimism about the future between being poor and being middle class (e.g. removing the large negative effect of poverty)," graham found.
in short, poor whites aren't just poor: they're also in a state of despair.
graham says this optimism deficit could have devastating consequences. "individuals with high levels of well-being have better outcomes; they believe in their futures and invest in them," she writes. "in contrast, those without hope for their futures typically do not make such investments."
poor whites' despair may partly be a response to certain social and economic trends. death rates for middle-age whites have been essentially flat over the past 20 years, while mortality rates for other ethnic groups plummeted. johns hopkins sociologist andrew cherlin has found that although working-class blacks are generally better-off economically today than their parents were, working-class whites are generally worse off.
cherlin writes that when it comes to assessing quality of life, people tend to compare themselves to "reference groups" -- "how am i doing compared to others around me?" the past 30 or 40 years have seen striking economic and health gains for non-white families -- in part, this is a result of the rolling back of discriminatory policies that kept minorities locked out of middle-class life. but working-class whites may look back and see no similar pattern of gains, in part because they weren't as broadly discriminated against in the first place.
part of the optimism gap is indeed because of "a shrinking pie of good jobs for low-skill/blue collar workers," graham said in an email. "whites used to have real advantages (some via discrimination) that they no longer have ... they are looking at downward mobility or threats of it, while poor blacks and hispanics are comparing themselves to parents who were worse off than they."
and paradoxically, while some inequalities between races are shrinking, other inequalities within races are growing. across all races, for instance, the wealthy are gobbling up an ever-growing share of the income pie and leaving less behind for everyone else.
if you're a working-class white american, in other words, it may seem as though you are stuck with a losing hand in a bleak zero-sum game: minorities are getting richer. the rich are getting richer. they're all doing so at your expense, and it's difficult to imagine things being any different in the future.
enter, then, a candidate like donald trump -- one who promises to "make america great again," and who speaks what may seem like refreshingly blunt truths about people who don't look like you and people who make more money than you.
it's important to note that most trump supporters are generally not working-class americans. as of last month, the median household income for a trump voter in the republican primaries was $72,000, well above that of the average u.s. household, according to fivethirtyeight.com. still, for those white-working class americans behind the republican front-runner, a populist candidate such as trump may come to represent something they haven't experienced in a long time: hope.
republican presidential candidate donald trump gave a speech at the trump national golf club in briarcliff manor, n.y., as primary elections took place in california, new jersey, new mexico, montana, north dakota and south dakota. (reuters)
more from wonkblog:
a strange but accurate predictor of whether someone supports donald trump
i asked psychologists to analyze trump supporters. this is what i learned.
the bizarre optimism in donald trump's theory of the economy
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wi hæv ɑr fərst treɪd əv ðə offseason*! ðə ˈɪndiənz əkˈwaɪərd ˈdɛrɪk loʊ frəm ðə breɪvz, ʤɑn ˈkrigər. ðə breɪvz wɪl peɪ ɔl bət əv loʊz ˈsæləri, ˈbəstər ˈoʊlni. ˈoʊlni sɪz ðə breɪvz wɪl rɪˈsiv ˈlɛfti riˈlivər krɪs ʤoʊnz ɪn rɪˈtərn fər loʊ. ˈbeɪsˈbɔl prəˈspɛktəs' ˈkɛvɪn ˈgoʊldˌstin prəˈvaɪdz ə kwɪk ˈskaʊtɪŋ rɪˈpɔrt. loʊ, 38 ˈpoʊstɪd ə ˈɪrə, ənd 59 reɪt ɪn 187 ˈɪnɪŋz ðɪs jɪr fər æˈtlæntə. loʊz breɪvz kərɪr ˈɛndɪd ɔn ə saʊər noʊt, ɛz hɪz sɛpˈtɛmbər ˈɪrə kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɛr kəˈlæps. stɪl, hɪz reɪt ræŋkt ˈsɛkənd ɪn ɔl əv ˈbeɪsˈbɔl. loʊ saɪnd ə ˌfɔˈrjɪr, dil wɪθ ðə breɪvz ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri əv 2009 wɪθ loʊ, ˈʤəstɪn ˈmæstərsən, ənd ˈfɔstoʊ kɑrˈmoʊnɑ, ðə ˈɪndiənz' roʊˈteɪʃən naʊ həz θri əv tɔp ˈsɛvən ɪn 2011 reɪt. ˌhɪˈmɛˌnɛz ənd ʤɑʃ ˈtɑmlɪn ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɛnsəld ɪn, wɪθ ˈkɑrloʊs kɑˈrɑskoʊ daʊn fər ˈtɑmi ʤɑn ˈsərʤəri. fər ðə breɪvz, ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt ɪz ɪn ˈsæləri rɪˈlif fər ə ˈpɪʧər ˈəðərˌwaɪz prɑˈʤɛktəd fər ˈmɪdəl rɪˈlif ɔn ðɛr 2012 kləb. ðə breɪvz ənd ˈɪndiənz læst mæʧt əp ɔn ə treɪd ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ əv 2006 wɪn ðə traɪb sɛnt riˈlivər bɑb ˈwɪkmən tɪ æˈtlæntə fər mæks rəˈmɪrɛz. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈkərtəsi əv ˈaɪkɑn smi*.
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we have our first trade of the 2011-12 offseason! the indians acquired derek lowe from the braves, tweets john kreger. the braves will pay all but $5mm of lowe's $15mm salary, tweets espn's buster olney. olney says the braves will receive 23-year-old high-a lefty reliever chris jones in return for lowe. baseball prospectus' kevin goldstein provides a quick scouting report.
lowe, 38, posted a 5.05 era, 6.6 k/9, 3.4 bb/9, 0.67 hr/9, and 59% groundball rate in 187 innings this year for atlanta. lowe's braves career ended on a sour note, as his 8.75 september era contributed to their collapse. still, his groundball rate ranked second in all of baseball. lowe signed a four-year, $60mm deal with the braves in january of 2009.
with lowe, justin masterson, and fausto carmona, the indians' rotation now has three of mlb's top seven in 2011 groundball rate. ubaldo jimenez and josh tomlin are also penciled in, with carlos carrasco down for tommy john surgery.
for the braves, the benefit is $5mm in much-needed salary relief for a pitcher otherwise projected for middle relief on their 2012 club. the braves and indians last matched up on a trade in july of 2006, when the tribe sent reliever bob wickman to atlanta for max ramirez.
photo courtesy of icon smi.
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hir wi ər! ju dɪˈmændɪd wən ənd naʊ jul gɪt wən (ər 2 ər 3 ər 10 ðə ˈoʊnli ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðə kɔɪnz ɪn ðə ˈpɪkʧərz ənd ðə kɔɪn jul bi rɪˈsivɪŋ ɪz ðət ðeɪ wɪl nɑt bi ˈnəmbərd. ðə ˈnəmbərd kɔɪnz wər fər ˌpərsəˈnɛl ɪn ðə ənd ðoʊz ðeɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ gɪv ðɛr kɔɪnz tɪ. ˈɔlsoʊ, ɛz fɑr ɛz ˈfəndɪŋ goʊz. ðə kɔɪnz wɪl bi 15 ə pis, raɪt naʊ ðə əˈlaʊz mi tɪ ˈɔrdər 180 kɔɪnz. ɪf wi reɪz mɔr ˈməni, aɪ kən ˈɔrdər mɔr kɔɪnz. aɪ æm ˈɔlsoʊ ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈhævɪŋ ˈpæʧɪz meɪd, ɪf ˈɛniˌwən ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ðət, aɪ kən æd ɪt tɪ ðə rɪˈwɔrdz ɪf wi hɪt θæŋk ju ɔl fər jʊr səˈpɔrt, aɪ ˈsɪriəsli hæd noʊ aɪˈdiə ðət ðə kɔɪn wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ bloʊ əp ənd bi ðɪs wɛl rɪˈsivd ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti. ˈɔlsoʊ ə bɪg θæŋk ju tɪ ˈtɛri æt fər ˈhɛlpɪŋ gɪt ðɪs kɔɪn meɪd. aɪ ˈhaɪli ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ɪm fər jʊr fˈjuʧər nidz. ə ˈlɪtəl ˈbækˌgraʊnd ɔn wət jʊr ˈfəndɪŋ: ən aɪˈdiə ɪz bɔrn. (pæʧ ˈɑrtˌwərk ˈkrɛdɪt tɪ ɔn instagram*) ðə aɪˈdiə fər ðə kɔɪn keɪm frəm ə pæʧ ðət wɑz ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn reddit*. æt ðə taɪm, aɪ ˈdɪdənt noʊ ðət wɑz ðə ˈɑrtɪst əv ðɪs ˈbjuti, aɪ du naʊ ənd hi gɪts ɔl ðə ˈkrɛdɪt fər ðə ərˈɪʤənəl dɪˈzaɪn. fər ðoʊz hu noʊ mi ˈpərsənəli, ju noʊ əm ə juʤ bɑb rɔs fæn tun ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈmənˌdeɪ!) ənd ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪt ɪm ˈɪntu ə kɔɪn wɑz ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ ˈkʊdənt pæs əp. rəf dræft. soʊ wɪθ maɪ ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈfoʊˌtoʊˌʃɑp skɪlz, aɪ keɪm əp wɪθ ə rəf dræft fər ðə kɔɪn. ɑr ˈkəmpəˌni ˈmæˌskɑt həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ˈfilɪks ðə kæt, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ jul faɪnd ɪm ɔn ðə bæk əv ðə kɔɪn. ðə deɪts ɔn ðə tɔp rɪˈflɛkt wɪn ɑr ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz fərst stʊd əp (ɛz ðə ˈɔrdnəns bɔm dɪˈspoʊzəl skwɑd) ənd ðə mənθ wi ər ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ ˌdiˈæktɪˌveɪt. ðɪs ɪz ðə kəˈmɛmərˌeɪtɪv kɔɪn. ˈmɑŋgəˌlɔɪd bɑb ˈɛvriˌwən teɪk ə ˈmoʊmənt tɪ ædˈmaɪr ðɪs ʤɛm ðət aɪ wɑz sɛnt bæk, beɪst ɔf ðə pæʧ aɪ sɛnt. aɪ ˈwəzənt ʃʊr ɪf ɪt wɑz ə sɪk ʤoʊk ər ɪf ðə ˈɑrtɪst fər ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ə fərst jɪr kəmˈjunɪti ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈgræfɪk dɪˈzaɪn ˈstudənt. aɪ gɑt pɪst ənd hæd ə frɛnd ˌridɪˈzaɪn ðə kɔɪn, ˈləkəli hi wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ seɪv ɪt. səm ˌɪŋˈkɑnsɪˌstɛnsiz (ˌbiˈsaɪdz ðə feɪs..) wər tu ˈsinjər ˈbæʤɪz, hɪz ʧɛst biɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈkələr ɛz ðə graʊnd ənd ðɛm traɪɪŋ tɪ hæf æs ðə ˈmæstər bæʤ riθ. aɪ ˈwəzənt ˈhævɪŋ ɪt ənd ənˈfɔrʧənətli fər ˈtɛri, hi gɑt ən ɪr fʊl frəm mi. ˈɑrtˌwərk ˈnaɪtˌmɛr. soʊ, aɪ sɛnd bæk ðə ˈɑrtˌwərk ðət aɪ hæd fɪkst baɪ maɪ frɛnd. səm taɪm goʊz baɪ ənd aɪ gɪt ə pruf bæk frəm ðə "ˈɑrtɪst". naʊ, ˈtɛri frəm http://smpas.com*/ wɑz maɪ meɪn mæn fər ˈgɪtɪŋ ðɪs kɔɪn meɪd, bət hi wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈmɪdəl aɪ fɛlt bæd fər ɪm wɪn aɪ wɑz ˈsɛndɪŋ ɪm ˈæŋgri iˈmeɪlz ənd dəˈbeɪtɪŋ ˈpʊlɪŋ ðə pləg ɔn ðɪs ˈvɛnʧər. ðə ˈɑrtˌwərk sɛnt bæk ɔl ðeɪ dɪd wɑz ˈkɑpi ənd peɪst ðə nu feɪs, ˈdɪdənt fɪks ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈɪʃuz. aɪ toʊld ɪm wən mɔr ʧæns fər ðɛm tɪ gɪt ɪt raɪt ər əm aʊt. hi toʊld mi tɪ sɪt taɪt. maɪ gɑd, ðeɪv dən ɪt! ˈfaɪnəli, ɪgˈzæktli wət aɪ ˈwɔntɪd. jɛs, aɪ wɑz stɪl ˈnərvəs ðət ðɛr ˈfaɪnəl ˈprɑdəkt meɪ stɪl rɪˈzɛmbəl ðɛr ˈɑrtˌwərk bət ˈtɛri ˌriəˈʃʊrd mi ðət ðeɪ wər dɪd gʊd wərk. aɪ tʊk hɪz wərd, sɛnt ɪm ðə ˈməni ənd krɔst maɪ ˈfɪŋgərz. noʊ mɪˈsteɪks! greɪt ˈfaɪnəl ˈprɑdəkt. səkˈsɛs! ðə kɔɪnz əraɪvd ðə deɪ ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ lɛft fər (heɪ tɛks, goʊ tɪ atloc*) ənd aɪ ræn tɪ maɪ ˈbədiz haʊs wɛr aɪ hæd ðɛm ʃɪpt tɪ ʧɛk ðɛm aʊt. aɪ wɑz əˈmeɪzd, ðeɪ keɪm aʊt weɪ ˈbɛtər ðən aɪ wɑz ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ. ðeɪ ər ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈbjutəfəl kɔɪnz ənd ˈɛniˌwən hu həz rɪˈsivd wən kən bæk mi əp. ðə ˈpɪkʧərz doʊnt du ðə kɔɪn ˈʤəstɪs, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈsɑləd blæk, ðeɪ juzd ə blæk ˈmɪrərd kroʊm ɔn ðə frənt ənd ðə bæk. ɪt ˈrɪli sɛts ðə kɔɪn əˈpɑrt kˈwɑləti waɪz (meɪks ɪt hɑrd tɪ ˈfoʊtəˌgræf!).
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here we are! you demanded one and now you'll get one (or 2 or 3 or 10). the only difference between the coins in the pictures and the coin you'll be receiving is that they will not be numbered. the numbered coins were for personnel in the 748th and those they decided to give their coins to.
also, as far as funding goes. the coins will be $15 a piece, right now the $2,700 allows me to order 180 coins. if we raise more money, i can order more coins. i am also thinking about having patches made, if anyone is interested in that, i can add it to the rewards if we hit $3,000.
thank you all for your support, i seriously had no idea that the coin was going to blow up and be this well received in the community. also a big thank you to terry at smpas.com for helping get this coin made. i highly recommend him for your future coin/patch needs.
a little background on what you're funding:
an idea is born. (patch artwork credit to drizzie88 on instagram)
the idea for the coin came from a patch that was posted on reddit. at the time, i didn't know that 'drizzie88' was the artist of this beauty, i do now and he gets all the credit for the original design.
for those who know me personally, you know i'm a huge bob ross fan ( www.twitch.tv/bobross tune in every monday!) and the opportunity to incorporate him into a coin was something i couldn't pass up.
rough draft.
so with my limited photoshop skills, i came up with a rough draft for the coin. our company mascot has always been felix the cat, which is why you'll find him on the back of the coin. the dates on the top reflect when our company was first stood up (as the 148th ordnance bomb disposal squad) and the month we are scheduled to deactivate. this is the 748th eod commemorative coin.
mongoloid bob
everyone take a moment to admire this gem that i was sent back, based off the patch i sent. i wasn't sure if it was a sick joke or if the artist for the company was a first year community college graphic design student. i got pissed and had a friend redesign the coin, luckily he was able to save it. some inconsistencies (besides the face..) were two senior badges, his chest being the same color as the ground and them trying to half ass the master badge wreath. i wasn't having it and unfortunately for terry, he got an ear full from me.
artwork nightmare.
so, i send back the artwork that i had fixed by my friend. some time goes by and i get a proof back from the "artist". now, terry from http://smpas.com/ was my main man for getting this coin made, but he was also a middle man..so i felt bad for him when i was sending him angry emails and debating pulling the plug on this venture. the artwork sent back all they did was copy and paste the new face, didn't fix any other issues. i told him one more chance for them to get it right or i'm out. he told me to sit tight.
my god, they've done it!
finally, exactly what i wanted. yes, i was still nervous that their final product may still resemble their artwork but terry reassured me that they were did good work. i took his word, sent him the money and crossed my fingers.
no mistakes! great final product.
success!
the coins arrived the day before i left for va (hey eod techs, go to atloc) and i ran to my buddies house where i had them shipped to check them out. i was amazed, they came out way better than i was expecting. they are absolutely beautiful coins and anyone who has received one can back me up.
the pictures don't do the coin justice, instead of solid black, they used a black mirrored chrome on the front and the back. it really sets the coin apart quality wise (makes it hard to photograph!).
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ðɪs poʊst wɑz kənˈtrɪbjutɪd baɪ ə kəmˈjunɪti ˈmɛmbər. ðə æˈtlæntə ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp ˌɪnˈvaɪts ɔl ˈfɪtnəs ˈlɛvəlz tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ðə ˈænjuəl æˈtlæntə ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, dɪˈsɛmbər frəm a.m*. tɪ p.m*. ˈstɑrtɪŋ ðə deɪz fɛˈstɪvətiz æt ɔn krɑg strit, ˈhənərdz əv pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm ˈævɪd ˈrənərz tɪ ˈfæməliz wɪl pæst ðə nu hɪˈstɔrɪk fɔrθ wɔrd pɑrk ənd skeɪt pɑrk, teɪk ɪn ˈbjutəfəl ˈvɪstəz əv ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ənd ˈmɪdˌtaʊn æˈtlæntə, ˈtrævəl ən strɛʧ əv ðə æˈtlæntə ˈkɔrɪdər, ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ə ʤɔnt θru ˈpidˌmɑnt pɑrk. prəˈsidz frəm ðə æˈtlæntə wɪl ˈbɛnəfɪt ðə æˈtlæntə ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp, ðə nɑnˈprɑfət ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈreɪzɪŋ fəndz tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə æˈtlæntə ənd ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz, kəmˈjunɪti ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz, feɪθ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz, ˈbɪznɪsɪz ənd ˈəðər grups tɪ reɪz ˈʤɛnərəl əˈwɛrnəs ənd səˈpɔrt fər ðə æˈtlæntə. ðə æˈtlæntə ɪz ə ˈpiʧˌtri roʊd reɪs kˈwɑləˌfaɪər ənd wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪd ˈʧælənʤɪz tɪ əˈtɛnˈdiz ˈʃoʊkeɪsɪŋ ðə moʊst ˈspɪrɪt θruaʊt ðə deɪ. æˈtlæntə ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ər ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn timz, wɪθ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst, ˈfæstəst ənd moʊst ˈspɪrɪtəd timz ˈgɪvɪn ə ʧæns tɪ wɪn kæʃ ˈpraɪzɪz ənd ˈbrægɪŋ raɪts. ˈɔlsoʊ, ˈkɑlɪʤ əˈləmˌnaɪ əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈsɪti kən ˈrɛʤɪstər tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋz ækˈtɪvɪtiz ənd ˈɪləˌstreɪt ðɛr skul ˈspɪrɪt, wɪθ ðə bɛst ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd tim rɪˈsivɪŋ ˈpraɪzɪz səʧ ɛz ˈhæpi aʊərz frəm ˈloʊkəl ˈrɛˌstrɑnts. ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən məst bi meɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, dɪˈsɛmbər ənd kən bi kəmˈplitɪd ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt beltline.org/races*. reɪs ˈtiˌsərts ər ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən. ˈrɛʤəstrənts ˈoʊvər 21 jɪrz əv eɪʤ wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈsiv ə ˌkɑmpləˈmɛntəri bɪr ˈæftər ðə reɪs. wət: æˈtlæntə ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ə ˈʃoʊkeɪsɪŋ ðə treɪl, ˈwaɪndɪŋ θru ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz səʧ ɛz ˈɪnmən pɑrk, ˈmɪdˌtaʊn, oʊld fɔrθ wɔrd, ənd vərˈʤɪnjə ˈhaɪlənd. ðə reɪs ɪz ə ˈpiʧˌtri roʊd reɪs kˈwɑləˌfaɪər. wɪn: ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, dɪˈsɛmbər frəm a.m*. p.m*. wɛr: 112 krɑg strit ni æˈtlæntə, ˈʤɔrʤə 30307 kɔst: 45 (ˈrɛgjələr ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈɔnˌlaɪn baɪ dɪˈsɛmbər ənd əˈveɪləbəl ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər frəm æt wɛst straɪd ɔn ˈpɑrkˌweɪ) noʊ reɪs deɪ ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən *reɪn ər ʃaɪn ɪˈvɛnt, noʊ ˈriˌfəndz lərn mɔr ənd ˈrɛʤɪstər ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt beltline.org/races*. reɪs ˈspɑnsərˌʃɪp ˌɪnkˈwaɪəriz: ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈɛvənz,
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this post was contributed by a community member.
the atlanta beltline partnership invites all fitness levels to participate in the 5th annual atlanta beltline eastside 10k on saturday, december 5th from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. starting the day's festivities at stoveworks on krog street, hundreds of participants ranging from avid runners to families will run/walk past the new historic fourth ward park and skate park, take in beautiful vistas of downtown and midtown atlanta, travel an off-road stretch of the atlanta beltline corridor, and enjoy a jaunt through piedmont park.
proceeds from the atlanta beltline eastside 10k will benefit the atlanta beltline partnership, the nonprofit organization committed to raising funds to support the atlanta beltline and working with neighborhoods, community organizations, faith organizations, businesses and other groups to raise general awareness and broad-based support for the atlanta beltline.
the atlanta beltline eastside 10k is a peachtree road race qualifier and will also provide challenges to attendees showcasing the most spirit throughout the day. atlanta neighborhoods are encouraged to participate in teams, with the largest, fastest and most spirited teams given a chance to win cash prizes and bragging rights. also, college alumni associations across the city can register to participate in the morning's activities and illustrate their school spirit, with the best represented team receiving prizes such as happy hours from local restaurants.
registration must be made before wednesday, december 2nd and can be completed online at beltline.org/races. race t-shirts are included in the registration. registrants over 21 years of age will also receive a complimentary beer after the race.
what:
atlanta beltline eastside 10k
enjoy a run/walk showcasing the eastside trail, winding through neighborhoods such as inman park, midtown, old fourth ward, poncey-highland and virginia highland. the race is a peachtree road race qualifier.
when:
saturday, december 5th from 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.
where:
stoveworks
112 krog street ne atlanta, ga 30307
cost:
$45 (regular registration online by december 2nd and available on december 4th from 12pm-7pm at west stride on northside parkway)
no race day registration
*rain or shine event, no refunds
learn more and register online at beltline.org/races.
race sponsorship inquiries: contact salisha evans, salisha@atlblp.org
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ˈpaɪθɑn ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ, nuz ɔn ðə ˈpaɪθɑn ˈprɑʤɛkts ənd ɔl θɪŋz ˈtɛki. riˈlis: ənd ˈvælədeɪt ˈfaɪnəli ə frɛʃ riˈlis ənd ˈvælədeɪt. noʊt ənd ˈvælədeɪt dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪz naʊ dən ɪn ˈgugəl koʊd ˈprɑʤɛkt ənd səbˈvərʒən riˈpɑzəˌtɔri. pliz poʊst ˈɛni bəg rɪˈpɔrts ər ˈfiʧər rɪkˈwɛsts ɔn ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈɪʃu ˈtrækər. ˈgugəl koʊd ˈprɑʤɛkt peɪʤ ˈɪʃu ˈtrækər ðə bɛst ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈpaʊərfəl kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm, ɪz ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl: ən ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ ɪz ə ˈsɪmpəl tɪ juz bət ˈpaʊərfəl ˈpaɪθɑn ˈlaɪbrɛˌri fər ðə ˈrɛdɪŋ ənd ˈraɪtɪŋ əv kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən (ini*) faɪlz. θru ˈvælədeɪt ɪt ˈɪnəˌgreɪts ə faɪl ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən ənd taɪp kənˈvərʒən ˈsɪstəm. ˈfiʧərz əv ˌɪnˈklud: ˈnɛstɪd ˈsɛkʃənz (subsections*), tɪ ˈɛni ˈlɛvəl lɪst ˈvæljuz ˈməltəpəl laɪn ˈvæljuz fʊl səˈpɔrt strɪŋ (ˌsəbstɪˈtuʃən) ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌɔtəˈmætɪk taɪp ənd əˈlaʊɪŋ dɪˈfɔlt ˈvæljuz rɪˈpitɪd ˈsɛkʃənz ɔl ˈkɑmɛnts ɪn ðə faɪl ər prɪˈzərvd ðə ˈɔrdər əv ɪz prɪˈzərvd ˈpaʊərfəl moʊd fər ˈpaɪθɑn riˈlis ˈfɪksɪz bəgz ənd ædz nu ˈfiʧərz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈhændəlɪŋ mɔr ˈflɛksəbəl. ðə fʊl fər ɪz: ˈpɪklɪŋ əv ˈɪnstənsɪz naʊ səˈpɔrtɪd (θæŋks tɪ ˈkrɪsʧɪn heimes*) ˈhæʃəz ɪn ər naʊ əˈlaʊd (si noʊt bɪˈloʊ) ˌriˈpleɪst juz əv (wɪʧ kən sˈwɔloʊ ɪkˈsɛpʃənz) wɪθ __ˈmɛni__ ɪn kən rɪˈfər tɪ (ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈvæljuz) ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈsɛkʃənz ɪn kən rɪˈfər tɪ (ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈvæljuz) ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈsɛkʃənz ju kən juz ___ˈmɛni___ (θri ˌəndərˈskɔrz!) wɛr ju wɔnt tɪ juz __ˈmɛni__ ɛz wɛl (θri ˌəndərˈskɔrz!) wɛr ju wɔnt tɪ juz ɛz wɛl ju kən naʊ hæv ˈnɔrməl ˈsɛkʃənz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈsɛkʃənz ðət juz __ˈmɛni__ ju kən naʊ kriˈeɪt ən ˈɛmti wɪθ ə, sɛt ˈvæljuz ənd ðɛn ˈvælədeɪt ə ˈsɛkʃən ðət wɑz səˈplaɪd ɛz ə ˈvælju (ər vice-versa*) ɪn ðə ˈækʧəwəl faɪl wʊd kɔz ən ɪkˈsɛpʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən (ðə faɪl ɪz stɪl ˈbroʊkən əv kɔrs, bət ɪt ɪz naʊ ˈhændəld ˈgreɪsfəli) ˈædɪd ˈmɛθəd ˈmɛθəd riˈmuvd ðə ˈdɛprəˌkeɪtəd ɛnˈkoʊd ənd dɪˈkoʊd ˈmɛθədz ənd ˈmɛθədz ˈrənɪŋ naʊ ˈɔlsoʊ rənz ðə ɪn ðə ˈmɑʤul θru ðə juz əv ˈvælədeɪt kən naʊ ˈvælədeɪt ˈvæljuz ɛz ə ˈkɑnsəkwəns əv ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ˈhændəlɪŋ, wɪn ju kriˈeɪt ə ˈɪnstəns ənd prəˈvaɪd ə, ðə əˈtrɪˌbjut ɪz ˈoʊnli sɛt ɔn ðə ˈɪnstəns ɪt ˈɪzənt sɛt ɔn ðə ˈsɛkʃənz ənˈtɪl ju ˈvælədeɪt. ju ˈɔlsoʊ kænt sɛt ðə əˈtrɪˌbjut tɪ bi ə ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛri. ðɪs ˈwəzənt ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd bət dɪd wərk ˈpriviəsli. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ fɪks ðə ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ˈhæʃəz ɪn aɪ hæd tɪ tərn ɔf ðə ˈpɑrsɪŋ əv ˈkɑmɛnts ɪn. ðɪs wɪl ˈoʊnli əˈfɛkt ju ɪf ju ər ˈjuzɪŋ wɪn ˈvæləˌdeɪtɪŋ ənd ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ ˈkɑmɛnts tɪ bi ˈkɑpid frəm ðə ˈɪntu ðə ˈɪnstəns (ɔl ˈəðər ˈkɑmɛnts wɪl bi ˈkɑpid ɛz ˈjuʒəwəl). ɪf ju kriˈeɪt ðə baɪ ˈpæsɪŋ ɪn ə ˈɪnstəns (ˈjuʒəwəl weɪ ɪz tɪ pæs ɪn ə ər lɪst əv laɪnz) ðɛn ju ʃʊd pæs ɪn tɪ ðə kənˈstrəktər tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈhæʃəz ɪn ˈvæljuz. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈmæʤɪk ðət sˈwɪʧɪz ɔf ˈkɑmɛnt ˈpɑrsɪŋ. ɛz ðə ˈpəblɪk fər ˈvælədeɪt ɪz ˈsteɪbəl, ənd ðɛr ər noʊ ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ˈɪʃuz ər ˈfiʧər rɪkˈwɛsts, aɪv bəmpt ðə ˈvərʒən ˈnəmbər tɪ ðə fʊl ʧeɪnʤ lɔg ɪz: bugfix*: kən naʊ ˈhændəl ˈməltiˌlaɪn strɪŋz əˈdɪʃən əv 'force_list*' ˌvæləˈdeɪʃən ˈɔpʃən ju ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌɪnˈstɔl (wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ˈvælədeɪt ɪn ðə sɔrs ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ɔn pypi*) ˈjuzɪŋ pɪp ər ˈpaɪθɑn ˈpaɪθɑn ɪz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈsərkəmˌstæns. ɛz ɪf pruf wɑz ˈnidɪd tu ˈrisənt nuz ˈstɔriz kənˈfərm ɪt: sɑd ðɪs! əˈnəðər ˈpɔdˌkæst sɑd ðɪs ɪz ə nu ˈpɔdˌkæst baɪ wɛl noʊn .nɛt mvps*, ɪˈvænʤəlɪsts ənd ɔl raʊnd (fɪˈgjʊrətɪvli əv kɔrs) raconteurs*: ˈgɛri ʃɔrt ənd ˈɑlɪvər stərm. ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd 3 ɪz naʊ əp, ənd ɪts ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ mi ɔn daɪˈnæmɪk ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl ənd ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr. (ˌbiˈfɔr bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə .nɛt ˈproʊˌgræmər ˈgɛri wɑz ə sˈmɔlˌtɔk dɪˈvɛləpər.) ðə ˈɪntərvˌju tʊk pleɪs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈbæstə ˈkɑnfərəns ɪn ˈʤərməni; ɪn ə bɑr, soʊ ðə ˈɑdiˌoʊ stɑrts əv ə bɪt rəf bət ˌɪmˈpruvz ɛz ðə ˈɪntərvˌju ˈprɑˌgrɛsəz. aɪ ˈivɪn rɪˈvil maɪ ˈmɪstəri pæst ənd wət aɪ dɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ɪn ˈpaɪθɑn. oʊ, ənd ʤɪst fər ðə ˈrɛkərd aɪ wɑz ðə fərst ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft daɪˈnæmɪk ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz mvp*. ˈsɛtɪŋ ˈrɛʤɪstri ˈɛntriz ɔn ˌɪnˈstɔl ɔn ˈwɪndoʊz ˈvɪstə ˈsɛtɪŋ ˈrɛʤɪstri ˈɛntriz ɔn ˌɪnˈstɔl ɪz hɑrd. ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli ðət ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft doʊnt kɛr ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈgaɪdəns ɪz tɪ sɛt ˈɛntriz ɔn fərst rən ənd nɑt ɔn ˌɪnˈstɔl, bət ðɛr ər ˈpərfəktli ˈvælɪd ˈrizənz tɪ wɔnt tɪ du ðɪs. ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət fər ə ˈjuzər ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən rikˈwaɪərz ən ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər tɪ ɔˈθɛntəˌkeɪt, ənd ðə ˌɪnˈstɔl ðɛn rənz ɛz ðə ˈædmɪn ˈjuzər nɑt ɛz ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈjuzər. soʊ ɪf ju sɛt ˈɛni ˈrɛʤɪstri kiz ˈjuzɪŋ ðɛn ðeɪ wɪl bi sɛt fər ðə rɔŋ ˈjuzər ənd nɑt ˈvɪzəbəl tɪ jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən wɪn ðə ril ˈjuzər rənz ɪt. ðə ˈænsər ɪz tɪ sɛt kiz ɪn hkey_local_machine*, wɪʧ ɪz nɑt ən aɪˈdil ˈænsər bət æt list ɪt wərks. ðə ˈprɑbləm kəmz ɪf ju nid raɪt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðoʊz ˈrɛʤɪstri kiz; ðə ˈjuzər ˈdəzənt hæv raɪt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ hkey_local_machine*. wɪn ju kriˈeɪt ðə ki ju kən sɛt ðə pərˈmɪʃənz ju nid tɪ noʊ ðə ˈmæʤɪk incantations*. ɪn (ˈizi tɪ trænzˈleɪt tɪ si# ɪf ˈnɛsəˌsɛri) ðə ˈrɛkwəzət ˈmæʤɪk tɪ əˈlaʊ raɪt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ɔl ɔˈθɛntəˌkeɪtəd ˈjuzərz ɪz: frəm ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˌɪmˈpɔrt ˈrɛʤɪstri frəm ˈsɪstəm sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌɪmˈpɔrt frəm ˈsɪstəm sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈprɪnsəpəl ˌɪmˈpɔrt "software\\somekey\\somesubkey*" ki ˈrɛʤɪstri rɑ nən əˈlaʊ ki rɑ ki ki kloʊz əv kɔrs ðə nɛkst ˈɪʃu ɪz wət ˈhæpənz wɪn ju meɪk jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən rən ɛz ɔn ə ɑs (tɪ ɪn pɑrt ðə hɔˈrɪfɪk pərˈfɔrməns əv ðə .nɛt jit*). hɪnt, ðə ˈrɛʤɪstri kiz wɪl hæv bɪn kriˈeɪtɪd ɪn ðə wow6432node*. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ juz ðə ˈstændərd loʊˈkeɪʃənz ənd ʃɛr bɪtˈwin 64 ənd 32 bɪt ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ðɛn ju nid tɪ lʊk ˈɪntu rɪˈflɛkʃən (wɪʧ ˈkɑpiz kiz bɪtˈwin ðə 32 ənd 64 bɪt ˈrɛʤɪstri triz) wɪθ (ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪts nɑt ɪnˈtaɪərli klɪr ˈwɛðər ju nid tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ər dɪˈseɪbəl rɪˈflɛkʃən tɪ ʃɛr kiz, bət ˈθæŋkfəli aɪ ˈhævənt jɛt ˈnidɪd tɪ ɪkˈspɛrəmənt wɪθ ðɪs). mɔr fən æt 2009 2009 wɑz ˈɔsəm fən, ɛz ˈmɛni ˈəðərz hæv ˈʧɑrtɪd. ðə ˈhaɪˌlaɪts əv ðə ˈkɑnfərəns wər, ɛz ˈɔlˌweɪz, ˈmitɪŋ ənd ˈmɪksɪŋ wɪθ səʧ ə rɪʧ ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ˈklɛvər ənd fən ˈpipəl ɔl əv hum aɪ hæv ˈpaɪθɑn ɪn ˈkɑmən wɪθ. ɪt wɑz ə mɪks əv nu frɛndz ənd oʊld frɛndz, fɑr tu ˈmɛni tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ɔl əv ðɛm. ðə haɪət hoʊˈtɛl ɪn wɪʧ wɑz hɛld ɪn hæd ðə rumz ɔn ɔl fɔr ɪkˈstərnəl wɔlz, ˌɪntərkəˈnɛktɪd wɪθ ə grænd ˈstrəkʧər ðət ˈsəmˌwən ˈnɪkˌneɪmd ðə fragatorium*: ðə tɛnθ flɔr meɪd ən aɪˈdil ˈlɔnʧɪŋ pɔɪnt fər ðə ˈbɔlsə biɪŋ ˈgɪvɪn aʊt baɪ ðə gaɪz. ðə flit: ˈmɪstər. ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈrɛdi tɪ lɔnʧ: wi dɪd ˈmænɪʤ tɪ gɪt wən tɪ ðə ˈəðər saɪd, ənd ˈivɪn kɔt ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv pleɪn ɪn flaɪt. ənˈfɔrʧənətli əm ˈrəbɪʃ æt rɪˈmɛmbərɪŋ tɪ teɪk ˈfoʊˌtoʊz, əˈbaʊt ðə ˈoʊnli ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˈkɑnfərəns ˈfoʊˌtoʊ aɪ tʊk wɑz əv ðə ˈpænəl dɪˈskəʃən. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə sprɪnts ðɛr wɑz məʧ əraʊnd ðə ˈpoʊˌni, ðət ˈsəmˌhaʊ ˈɛndɪd əp wɪθ ðə doʊˈmeɪn biɪŋ ˈhoʊstɪd ɔn maɪ ˈsərvər! ɛz ən ˈædɪd ˈboʊnəs aɪ wɑz ɪˈlɛktɪd tɪ ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp əv ðə ˈpaɪθɑn ˈsɔfˌwɛr faʊnˈdeɪʃən (psf*) ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈkɑnfərəns. ðɪs minz tu θɪŋz ɪn ˈpræktɪs; ə nu ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ɔn ðə ˈmeɪlɪŋ lɪst ənd nu ˌɑpərˈtunətiz tɪ ˌvɑlənˈtɪr fər ˈɛkstrə wərk! d'oh*. dɪˈstrɪbjətəd tɛst ˈsɪstəm æt ˈsɪstəmz ðɛr ɪz kwaɪt ə dɪˈskəʃən goʊɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈtɛstɪŋ ɪn ˈpaɪθɑn ˈmeɪlɪŋ lɪst. ə lɔt əv ɪt wɑz kɪkt ɔf baɪ ˈʤɛsi ˈnoʊlər dɪˈskəsɪŋ ðə nu dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈfreɪmˌwərk hi wɔnts tɪ bɪld. ʤɪst fər ðə ˈrɛkərd, hir ɪz ə rəf ˈaʊˌtlaɪn əv haʊ wi du dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈoʊvər ə ˈnɛtˌwərk æt ˈsɪstəmz. ɪt ɪz ə 'ˈhoʊmˌgroʊn' ˈsɪstəm ənd soʊ ɪz ˈfɛrli spɪˈsɪfɪk tɪ ɑr nidz, bət ɪt wərks ˈvɛri wɛl. ðə ˈmæstər məˈʃin dɪz ə fʊl ˈbaɪnəˌri bɪld, sɛts əp ə nu tɛst rən ɪn ðə ˈdætəˌbeɪs (ðɛr kən bi ˈməltəpəl ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli), ðɛn ˈpʊʃɪz ðə ˈbaɪnəˌri bɪld wɪθ tɛst ˈfreɪmˌwərk ənd ðə bɪld tɪ ɔl ðə məˈʃinz biɪŋ juzd ɪn ðə bɪld (məˈʃinz ər ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd baɪ neɪm ɪn kəˈmænd laɪn ˈɑrgjəmənts ər ə faɪl wɪn ðə bɪld ɪz ˈstɑrtɪd). ðə ˈmæstər ðə bɪld rən (kəˈlɛkts ɔl ðə tɛsts) ənd ˈpʊʃɪz ə lɪst əv ɔl tɛsts baɪ klæs neɪm ˈɪntu ðə ˈdætəˌbeɪs. wɪn ðə zɪp faɪl əraɪvz ɔn ə sleɪv məˈʃin ə ˈdimən ənd dɪˈlits ðə ərˈɪʤənəl zipfile*. iʧ sleɪv ðɛn pʊlz ðə nɛkst faɪv tɛst ˈklæsɪz aʊt əv ðə ˈdætəˌbeɪs ənd rənz ðɛm ɪn ə. iʧ tɛst ˈmɛθəd ˈpʊʃɪz ðə rɪˈzəlt (pæs, ˈfeɪljər, taɪm ˈteɪkən fər tɛst, məˈʃin ɪt wɑz rən ɔn, bɪld ənd ɔn ˈfeɪljər) tɪ ðə ˈdætəˌbeɪs. ɪf ðə feɪlz tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈæftər ə priˈsɛt taɪm 45 aɪ θɪŋk ˈkərəntli) ðɛn ɪt kɪlz ðə tɛst ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd rɪˈpɔrts ðə ˈfeɪljər tɪ ðə ˈdætəˌbeɪs. pərˈfɔrməns tɛsts ˈtɪpɪkəli rən iʧ tɛst faɪv taɪmz ənd pʊʃ ðə taɪmz ˈteɪkən tɪ ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈteɪbəl soʊ ðət wi kən ˈmɑnətər pərˈfɔrməns əv ɑr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˈsɛpərətli. ðə ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðə klaɪənt ˈpʊlɪŋ tɛsts ɪz ðət ɪf ə sleɪv məˈʃin daɪz wi hæv ə ˈmæksəməm əv faɪv tɛst ˈklæsɪz fər ðət bɪld ðət feɪl tɪ rən. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈbælənsɪz tɛsts bɪtˈwin məˈʃinz wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr sɛt əv tɛsts wɪl teɪk məʧ ˈlɔŋgər ðən əˈnəðər sɛt. ə wɛb ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ vju iʧ bɪld ˈnəmbər əv tɛsts lɛft, ˈnəmbər əv ˈpæsɪz, ˈɛrərz ənd ˈfeɪljərz. fər ˈɛrərz ənd ˈfeɪljərz kən bi vjud waɪlst ðə tɛst rən ɪz stɪl ɪn ˈprɑˌgrɛs. bɪldz wɪθ ˈɛrərz ˈfeɪljərz ər mɑrkt ɪn rɛd. kəmˈplitɪd tɛst rənz wɪθ ɔl ˈpæsɪz ər mɑrkt ɪn grin. ˈizəli biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ si ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər əv tɛsts ɪn ə rən meɪks ɪt ˈizi tɪ si wɪn tɛsts ər ˌæksəˈdɛnəli ˈgɪtɪŋ mɪst aʊt. ə kəmˈplitɪd rən iˈmeɪlz ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz ðə rɪˈzəlts. ðə wɛb peɪʤ fər iʧ bɪld əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ pʊl məˈʃinz aʊt waɪlst ðə tɛsts ər ˈrənɪŋ. ɪf ə məˈʃin ɪz stɑpt ðɛn ɪt stɑps ˈpʊlɪŋ tɛsts frəm ðə ˈdætəˌbeɪs (bət rənz tɪ kəmˈpliʃən ðoʊz ɪt ɔˈrɛdi həz). məˈʃinz kən bi ˈædɪd ər frəm ðə kəˈmænd laɪn. wi hæv ə bɪld fɑrm (əˈbaʊt sɪks məˈʃinz ˈkərəntli) ˈtɪpɪkəli ˈrənɪŋ tu kənˈtɪnjuəs ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən lups hɛd ənd ðə brænʧ fər ðə læst riˈlis. ðiz rən tɛsts kənˈtɪnjuəsli nɑt ʤɪst wɪn nu ər meɪd. ðɪs wərks ˈvɛri wɛl fər ˈjuˈɛs, ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi ər kənˈtɪnjuəli tˈwikɪŋ ðə ˈsɪstəm. ɪt ɪz ɔl bɪlt ɔn. ðə ˈsɪstəm ðət ˈʤɛsi ˈnoʊlər wɪl hæv ɛz ɪts faʊnˈdeɪʃən ə tɛkst beɪst ˈproʊtəˌkɔl (ˌɛkˌsɛˈmɛl ər yaml*) fər dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ tɛst rɪˈzəlts. ðiz kən bi stɔrd ɪn ə ˈdætəˌbeɪs ər ɛz flæt faɪlz fər æˈnælɪsɪs ənd rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ tulz tɪ bɪld ɔn tɔp əv. fər ə tɛst ˈproʊtəˌkɔl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ rɪˈzəlts əv tɛst rənz aɪ wʊd wɔnt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ fildz: bɪld məˈʃin aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪər tɛst aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪər: ˈtɪpɪkəli ɪn ðə fɔrm (bət ə juˈnik strɪŋ ˈɛniˌweɪ) (bət ə juˈnik strɪŋ ˈɛniˌweɪ) taɪm əv tɛst stɑrt taɪm ˈteɪkən fər tɛst (ˈjusfəl fər aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ sloʊ ˈrənɪŋ tɛsts, sloʊ daʊnz ər əˈnɑməliz) rɪˈzəlt: pæs feɪl ˈɛrər skɪp ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls? wət əˈbaʊt kəˈlɛktɪŋ ˈstændərd aʊt ˈivɪn ɪf ə tɛst ˈpæsɪz? ˈkəvərɪʤ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən? wi ˈsəmˌtaɪmz hæv tɪ kɪl wɛʤd tɛst ˈprɑsɛsəz ənd nid tɪ pʊʃ ən ˈɛrər rɪˈzəlt bæk. ðɪs kən bi hɑrd tɪ əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt wɪθ ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl tɛst, ɪn wɪʧ keɪs wi liv ðə tɛst aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪər blæŋk. ˈɛkstrə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən (ʧɑrts?) kən bi ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd frəm ðɪs ˈdætə. ɪf ðɛr ɪz ə nid tɪ stɔr əˈdɪʃənəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl tɛst ðɛn ən əˈdɪʃənəl 'ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən' fild kʊd bi juzd tɪ prəˈvaɪd ɪt. ə lɔt əv ðə ˈəðər dɪˈskəʃən ɔn ðə ˈmeɪlɪŋ lɪst həz bɪn əraʊnd ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ənd pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈmɑʤul ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðət ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn ðə sprɪnt. aɪl bi duɪŋ ə ˈsɪriz əv blɔg poʊsts ɔn ðiz ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ deɪz. ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ skɪlz: ˈrɛdɪŋ ənd ˈraɪtɪŋ ɛz ə ˈproʊˌgræmər ðɛr ər tu ˈbeɪsɪk skɪlz ˈvaɪtəl tɪ jʊr ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti: haʊ fæst ju kən taɪp ənd haʊ fæst ju kən rɛd. ɔn ˈtaɪpɪŋ, stiv sɛd ɪt bɛst əv kɔrs ɪn ˈdərtiəst ˈlɪtəl ˈsikrɪt. aɪ ˈɔfən mɑk ˈmɪstər. fər biɪŋ ə ˈhəntər pecker*, bət hi kən ˈrɪli taɪp kwaɪt fæst wɪθ hɪz tu fæt ˈfɪŋgərz. aɪ tɔt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf tɪ təʧ taɪp wɪθ ˈmeɪvɪs ˈbikən bæk wɪn aɪ wɑz ˈsɛlɪŋ brɪks ənd faʊnd ɪt ɪˈnɔrməsli friɪŋ. biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ taɪp wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ lʊk æt ðə ˈkiˌbɔrd meɪks ə ˈmæsɪv ˈdɪfərəns. ðɛr ər ə hoʊst əv tulz ðət wɪl hɛlp ju lərn ər ˈpræktɪs təʧ ˈtaɪpɪŋ. aɪv ʤɪst dɪˈskəvərd (ˈviə mɪˈgɛl də icaza*) ə fən wɛb beɪst wən, ðət ju kən faɪər əp æt ˈɛni taɪm. ju reɪs əˈgɛnst ˈəðər pleɪərz ˈtaɪpɪŋ ʃɔrt ˈpæsɪʤɪz frəm bʊks, wɪθ ˈvɪʒəwəl kjuz wɪn ju meɪk mɪˈsteɪks. ɪt ˈivɪn lɛts ju ˈsɛˌtəp ˈpraɪvət geɪmz tɪ reɪs əˈgɛnst ə sɛt əv frɛndz. maɪ ˈoʊnli ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ɪz ðət ðɛr ˈɪzənt ɪˈnəf ˌpəŋkʧuˈeɪʃən tɪ ˈrɪli ˈpræktɪs ˈtaɪpɪŋ fər ˈproʊˌgræmərz (ˈproʊˌgræmər spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈvərʒən ˈɛniˌwən?): ðə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən, ʃɔrt ˈdoʊsɪz ənd ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈpæsɪʤɪz meɪk ɪt fən, əˈdɪktɪv ənd ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈjusfəl. maɪ ˈævərɪʤ ɪz 52 æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt, bət aɪ ˈrɛkən ɪf aɪ ˈpræktɪs ə fju taɪmz ə deɪ aɪl pɪk əp spid. ðə ˈkɔrəleɪtɪŋ skɪl ɛˈsɛnʃəl fər ˈproʊˌgræmərz ˈnidɪŋ tɪ braʊz ˈkaʊntləs ˈpeɪʤɪz əv ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən ənd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm blɔgz ðət meɪ ər meɪ nɑt bi ˈjusfəl ɪz spid ˈrɛdɪŋ. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ tul ɪz greɪt fər practising*, bət əm ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfaɪndɪŋ ɪt ˈjusfəl fər kˈwɪkli ˈrɛdɪŋ lɔŋ ˈpæsɪʤɪz əv tɛkst. ɪt ʃoʊz ju ðə tɛkst ə laɪn æt ə taɪm, ˈmuvɪŋ ðə ˈfoʊkɪst pɑrt kˈwɪkli (æt ə spid ju kən kənˈfɪgjər ənd kənˈtroʊl frəm ðə ˈkiˌbɔrd) frəm lɛft tɪ raɪt. ðɪs ˈmɪrərz (ˌənsərˈpraɪzɪŋli) ðə weɪ aɪ skɪm rɛd blɔgz ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət aɪ ˈɔfən ˌɪnˌvɑlənˈtərəli skɪp ˈpæsɪʤɪz waɪlst skɪm ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs tul ɪz gʊd fər ˈpræktɪs bət ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlps mi tɪ rɛd kˈwɪkli wɪˈθaʊt ˈmɪsɪŋ bɪts. ˈɑrˌkaɪvz
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release: configobj 4.6.0 and validate 1.0.0
finally a fresh release configobj and validate.
note configobj and validate development is now done in google code project and subversion repository. please post any bug reports or feature requests on the project issue tracker. configobj google code project page
issue tracker the best introduction to working with configobj, including the powerful configuration validation system, is the article: an introduction to configobj
configobj is a simple to use but powerful python library for the reading and writing of configuration (ini) files. through validate it integrates a config file validation and type conversion system.
features of configobj include:
nested sections (subsections), to any level
list values
multiple line values
full unicode support
string interpolation (substitution)
integrated with a powerful validation system including automatic type checking/conversion and allowing default values repeated sections
all comments in the file are preserved
the order of keys/sections is preserved
powerful unrepr mode for storing/retrieving python data-types
release 4.6.0 fixes bugs and adds new features, particularly making configspec handling more flexible.
the full changelog for configobj 4.6.0 is:
pickling of configobj instances now supported (thanks to christian heimes)
hashes in confgspecs are now allowed (see note below)
replaced use of hasattr (which can swallow exceptions) with getattr
__many__ in configspecs can refer to scalars (ordinary values) as well as sections
in configspecs can refer to scalars (ordinary values) as well as sections you can use ___many___ (three underscores!) where you want to use __many__ as well
(three underscores!) where you want to use as well you can now have normal sections inside configspec sections that use __many__
you can now create an empty configobj with a configspec, programmatically set values and then validate
a section that was supplied as a value (or vice-versa) in the actual config file would cause an exception during validation (the config file is still broken of course, but it is now handled gracefully)
added as_list method
method removed the deprecated istrue , encode and decode methods
, and methods running test_configobj.py now also runs the doctests in the configobj module
through the use of validate 1.0.0 configobj can now validate multi-line values
as a consequence of the changes to configspec handling, when you create a configobj instance and provide a configspec, the configspec attribute is only set on the configobj instance - it isn't set on the sections until you validate. you also can't set the configspec attribute to be a dictionary. this wasn't documented but did work previously.
in order to fix the problem with hashes in configspecs i had to turn off the parsing of inline comments in configspecs. this will only affect you if you are using copy=true when validating and expecting inline comments to be copied from the configspec into the configobj instance (all other comments will be copied as usual).
if you create the configspec by passing in a configobj instance (usual way is to pass in a filename or list of lines) then you should pass in _inspec=true to the constructor to allow hashes in values. this is the magic that switches off inline comment parsing.
as the public api for validate is stable, and there are no outstanding issues or feature requests, i've bumped the version number to 1.0.0. the full change log is:
bugfix: can now handle multiline strings
addition of 'force_list' validation option
you should be able to install configobj (which includes validate in the source distribution on pypi) using pip or easy_install .
innapropriate python
python is not always appropriate in every circumstance. as if proof was needed two recent news stories confirm it:
sod this! another podcast
sod this is a new podcast by well known .net mvps, devexpress evangelists and all round (figuratively of course) raconteurs: gary short and oliver sturm.
episode 3 is now up, and it's an interview with me on dynamic languages in general and ironpython in particular. (before becoming a .net programmer gary was a smalltalk developer.)
the interview took place during the basta conference in germany; in a bar, so the audio starts of a bit rough but improves as the interview progresses. i even reveal my mystery past and what i did before programming in python.
oh, and just for the record - i was the first microsoft dynamic languages mvp.
setting registry entries on install
on windows vista setting registry entries on install is hard. it is likely that microsoft don't care - the official guidance is to set entries on first run and not on install, but there are perfectly valid reasons to want to do this.
the problem is that for a non-admin user installation requires an administrator to authenticate, and the install then runs as the admin user not as the original user. so if you set any registry keys using hkey_local_user then they will be set for the wrong user and not visible to your application when the real user runs it.
the answer is to set keys in hkey_local_machine, which is not an ideal answer but at least it works. the problem comes if you need write access to those registry keys; the non-admin user doesn't have write access to hkey_local_machine. when you create the key you can set the permissions though,but you need to know the magic incantations. in ironpython (easy to translate to c# if necessary) the requisite magic to allow write access to all authenticated users is:
from microsoft . win32 import registry
from system . security . accesscontrol import registryaccessrule , registryrights , accesscontroltype
from system . security . principal import securityidentifier , wellknownsidtype
reg_key_path = "software\\somekey\\somesubkey"
key = registry . localmachine . createsubkey ( reg_key_path )
ra = registryaccessrule ( securityidentifier ( wellknownsidtype . authenticatedusersid , none ) ,
registryrights . fullcontrol , accesscontroltype . allow )
rs = key . getaccesscontrol ( )
rs . addaccessrule ( ra )
key . setaccesscontrol ( rs )
key . close ( )
of course the next issue is what happens when you make your application run as 32bit on a 64bit os (to workaround in part the horrific performance of the 64bit .net jit). hint, the registry keys will have been created in the wow6432node. if you want to use the standard locations and share between 64 and 32 bit applications then you need to look into reflection (which copies keys between the 32 and 64 bit registry trees) with regenablereflectionkey (although it's not entirely clear whether you need to enable or disable reflection to share keys, but thankfully i haven't yet needed to experiment with this).
more fun at pycon 2009
pycon 2009 was awesome fun, as many others have charted. the highlights of the conference were, as always, meeting and mixing with such a rich combination of clever and fun people - all of whom i have python in common with. it was a mix of new friends and old friends, far too many to mention all of them.
the hyatt hotel in which pycon was held in had the rooms on all four external walls, interconnected with a grand structure that someone nicknamed the fragatorium:
the tenth floor made an ideal launching point for the balsa aeroplanes being given out by the wingware guys.
the fleet:
mr. tartley getting ready to launch:
we did manage to get one to the other side, and even caught a photo of plane in flight.
unfortunately i'm rubbish at remembering to take photos, about the only genuine conference photo i took was of the vm panel discussion.
during the sprints there was much ridiculousness around the django pony, that somehow ended up with the domain ponysex.us being hosted on my server! as an added bonus i was elected to membership of the python software foundation (psf) during the conference. this means two things in practise; a new opportunity to bikeshed on the psf mailing list and new opportunities to volunteer for extra work! d'oh.
distributed test system at resolver systems
there is quite a discussion going on the testing in python mailing list. a lot of it was kicked off by jesse noller discussing the new distributed testing framework he wants to build.
just for the record, here is a rough outline of how we do distributed testing over a network at resolver systems. it is a 'home-grown' system and so is fairly specific to our needs, but it works very well.
the master machine does a full binary build, sets up a new test run in the database (there can be multiple simultaneously), then pushes the binary build with test framework and the build guid to all the machines being used in the build (machines are specified by name in command line arguments or a config file when the build is started). the master introspects the build run (collects all the tests) and pushes a list of all tests by class name into the database.
when the zip file arrives on a slave machine a daemon unzips and deletes the original zipfile. each slave then pulls the next five test classes out of the database and runs them in a subprocess. each test method pushes the result (pass, failure, time taken for test, machine it was run on, build guid and traceback on failure) to the database. if the subprocess fails to report anything after a preset time (45 mins i think currently) then it kills the test process and reports the failure to the database. performance tests typically run each test five times and push the times taken to a separate table so that we can monitor performance of our application separately.
the advantage of the client pulling tests is that if a slave machine dies we have a maximum of five test classes for that build that fail to run. it also automatically balances tests between machines without having to worry about whether a particular set of tests will take much longer than another set.
a web application allows us to view each build - number of tests left, number of passes, errors and failures. for errors and failures tracebacks can be viewed whilst the test run is still in progress. builds with errors / failures are marked in red. completed test runs with all passes are marked in green. easily being able to see the total number of tests in a run makes it easy to see when tests are accidentally getting missed out.
a completed run emails the developers the results.
the web page for each build allows us to pull machines out whilst the tests are running. if a machine is stopped then it stops pulling tests from the database (but runs to completion those it already has).
machines can be added or re-added from the command line.
we have a build farm (about six machines currently) typically running two continuous integration loops - svn head and the branch for the last release. these run tests continuously - not just when new checkins are made.
this works very well for us, although we are continually tweaking the system. it is all built on unittest.
the system that jesse noller will have as its foundation a text based protocol (xml or yaml) for describing test results. these can be stored in a database or as flat files for analysis and reporting tools to build on top of.
for a test protocol representing results of test runs i would want the following fields:
build uuid
machine identifier
test identifier: typically in the form package.module.class.test_method (but a unique string anyway)
(but a unique string anyway) time of test start
time taken for test (useful for identifying slow running tests, slow downs or anomalies)
result: pass / fail / error / skip
traceback
anything else? what about collecting standard out even if a test passes? coverage information?
we sometimes have to kill wedged test processes and need to push an error result back. this can be hard to associate with an individual test, in which case we leave the test identifier blank.
extra information (charts?) can be generated from this data. if there is a need to store additional information associated with an individual test then an additional 'information' field could be used to provide it.
a lot of the other discussion on the mailing list has been around changes and potential changes to the unittest module - changes that started in the pycon sprint. i'll be doing a series of blog posts on these in the coming days.
essential programming skills: reading and writing
as a programmer there are two basic skills vital to your productivity: how fast you can type and how fast you can read.
on typing, steve yegge said it best of course in programming's dirtiest little secret.
i often mock mr. tartley for being a hunter pecker, but he can really type quite fast with his two fat fingers. i taught myself to touch type with mavis beacon back when i was selling bricks and found it enormously freeing. being able to type without having to look at the keyboard makes a massive difference.
there are a host of tools that will help you learn or practise touch typing. i've just discovered (via miguel de icaza) a fun web based one, that you can fire up at any time. you race against other players typing short passages from books, with visual cues when you make mistakes. it even lets you setup private games to race against a set of friends. my only criticism is that there isn't enough punctuation to really practise typing for programmers (programmer specific version anyone?):
the combination of competition, short doses and interesting passages make it fun, addictive and actually useful. my average wpm is 52 at the moment, but i reckon if i practise a few times a day i'll pick up speed.
the correlating skill essential for programmers needing to browse countless pages of documentation and information from blogs that may or may not be useful is speed reading. the following tool is great for practising, but i'm also finding it useful for quickly reading long passages of text.
it shows you the text a line at a time, moving the focused part quickly (at a speed you can configure and control from the keyboard) from left to right. this mirrors (unsurprisingly) the way i skim read blogs etc. the problem is that i often involuntarily skip passages whilst skim reading - this tool is good for practise but also helps me to read quickly without missing bits.
archives
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gosh…that* ˈtaɪtəl wɑz kwaɪt ə ˈmaʊθˌfʊl! aɪ ʤɪst liv ˈɛni əv ðoʊz ki kəmˈpoʊnənts aʊt. hæv ju ˈɛvər traɪd ən ˈɑlɪv ɔɪl keɪk? aɪ məst ədˈmɪt, aɪ ˈnɛvər hæd ˌbiˈfɔr ðɪs. aɪ hæv ˈitən ˈsɛvərəl ɔɪl cakes”*” du tɪ ðə fækt ðət ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈkəpəl əv ˈdɛkeɪdz, lɑts əv ˈpipəl hæv bɪn lɛd tɪ bɪˈliv ðət ˈjəki ˈvɛʤtəbəl ɔɪlz ər ˈhɛlθiər ðən ˈbətər ənd gi (ˈspɔɪlər əˈlərt: ðeɪ). ðɪs kɔzd ˈmɛni tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðə ˈbətər ɪn ðɛr keɪks wɪθ kɔrn ər ˈsənˌflaʊər ɔɪlz, bɪˈlivɪŋ ðeɪ wər duɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ə ˈfeɪvər. soʊ ˈɛniˌweɪ, aɪ hæv hæd ˈmɛni səʧ keɪks æt ˈfæməli ˈgæðərɪŋz ənd ˈlənʧɪz, ənd ðeɪ wər du tɛnd tɪ kip keɪks mɔɪst, gɪv ðɛm ðət, bət ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈnəθɪŋ ˈspɛʃəl. ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ bi kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈbətər, fər ʃʊr. naʊ ˈoʊvər ðə pæst fju jɪrz ɛz maɪ ˈkjulɪˌnɛri hərˈaɪzənz ˈdræstɪkli ɪkˈspændɪd, aɪ rɪˈpitɪdli keɪm əˈkrɔs ðə ˈɑlɪv ɔɪl keɪk. ɪt ɪz ˌɪˈtæljən ɪn ˈɔrəʤən, ənd ðə θɔt əv ɪt ˈɪnstəntli ˌɪnˈtrigd mi. aɪ əˈdɔr ˈɑlɪv ɔɪl. aɪ θɪŋk ɪt ɪz mɔr ˈprɛʃəs ðən ˈlɪkwɪd goʊld. ɪt ɪz wən əv ðə ˈæbsəˌlut bɛst θɪŋz ɪn ðə wərld tɪ pʊt ˈɪntu (ənd ˈɔntu!) jʊr ˈbɑdi, ənd ˈdɛfənətli wən əv -ɪf nɑt ðə bɛst- fɔrm əv fæt əraʊnd. aɪ it ˈkoʊpiəs əˈmaʊnts əv ɪt, ənd ˈɔfən sˈlæðər ɪt ˈɔntu maɪ hɛr ənd ˈbɑdi tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ɪts ˈɛndləs ˈbɛnəfɪts ənd ˌɪnˈtɑksɪˌkeɪtɪŋ ərˈoʊmə. aɪ nu aɪ hæd tɪ traɪ ðɪs ˈɑlɪv ɔɪl keɪk θɪŋ. aɪ hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə waɪ ɪt tʊk mi soʊ lɔŋ tɪ du ɪt. ..ˈæˌkʧuəli, ðət wɑz ə aɪ du. lolz*. ɛz məʧ ɛz aɪ ləv tɪ, aɪ beɪk ɛz ˈɔfən ɛz aɪ juzd tɪ, soʊ ɛz tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈitɪŋ tu məʧ rɪˈfaɪnd flaʊər ənd ˈʃʊgər. aɪ æm ˈɔlˌweɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ dɪˈvɛləp nu ˈhɛlθiər ˈvərʒənz əv fud aɪ ləv, bət hæv bɪn sɔrt əv sloʊ tɪ du soʊ wɪθ dɪˈzərts, spəˈsɪfɪkli beɪkt θɪŋz. bɪˈkəz, æm ə wəs. ɪt ɪz ʤɪst soʊ məʧ mɔr ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪtɪŋ tɪ mɛs wɪθ keɪk ər ˈpeɪstri ˈrɛsəpiz, ənd ðə əpˈtaɪt pərˈfɛkʃənɪst ɪn mi ðət ˈɔlˌweɪz filz kəmˈpɛld tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðə ˈrɛsəpi ˈkɪndə gɪts strɛst aʊt ənd ˈæŋʃəs æt ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈɔltərɪŋ ˈbeɪkɪŋ ˈrɛsəpiz. ˈbeɪkɪŋ ɪz ˈæftər ɔl, ɛz wi ɔl noʊ, ə saɪəns. gɪt mi rɔŋ, aɪ stɪl it waɪt ˈʃʊgər ənd waɪt flaʊər trits fər ðɪs keɪk, aɪ ˈwɔntɪd ɪt tɪ bi mɔr əv ən ˈɛvriˈdeɪ əˈfɛr. aɪ ˈwɔntɪd ɪt tɪ bi ˈnərɪʃɪŋ ɪˈnəf tɪ kaʊnt ɛz ə ˈsɑləd ˈwikˌdeɪ ˈbrɛkfəst ˈɔpʃən ðət aɪ wʊd fil ˌæbsəˈlutli greɪt əˈbaʊt ˈitɪŋ fərst θɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ wɪθ ə kəp əv ti. soʊ aɪ sərʧt əraʊnd, ˈdɛspərətli traɪɪŋ tɪ faɪnd ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət tɪks ɔl maɪ ˈbɑksɪz, tɪ noʊ əˈveɪl. ðɛr ər lɑts əv ˈɑlɪv ɔɪl keɪk ˈrɛsəpiz, jɛs. ðɛr ər səm keɪks meɪd wɪθ flaʊər, uhuh*. ðɛr ər ˈəðər keɪks sˈwitənd ˈmoʊstli wɪθ ˈhəni, jɛp. ɪz ðɛr ə keɪk ðət kəmˈbaɪnz ɔl ðiz kˈwɑlətiz? noʊp. tɪ mæn ðə hɛk əp ənd kriˈeɪt wən ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ɪˈnəf wɪθ ðɪs ˈsɪsi fɪr əv baking-experimentation*. aɪ kən du ðɪs. noʊ mɔr fɪr əv ˈkɪʧən ər ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ aɪ wɪl lərn! aɪ sɛt aʊt tɪ meɪk ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈɑlɪv ɔɪl keɪk, sˈwitənd ɪnˈtaɪərli wɪθ ˈhəni. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd aɪ wɔnt tɪ hæv ɪn ðɛr tu. ju noʊ, bɪˈkəz ˈbrɛkfəst. ənd waɪ nɑt θroʊ ɪn səm frut waɪl æt ɪt? aɪ sæt daʊn ənd ˈskrɪbəld səm rəf kˈwɑntətiz, ɑrmd wɪθ ˈnəθɪŋ bət səm veɪg ˈkɑmən sɛns ənd lɑts əv ˈwɪʃfəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, ðɛn ˈhɛdɪd tɪ ðə ˈkɪʧən. hir goes…*… ðə moʊst əˈmeɪzɪŋ, ˈmæʤɪkəl, ˌənbəˈlivəbəl, mərˈækjələs, ˈmɑrvələs θɪŋ tərnd aʊt ˈpərˌfɪkt ðə fərst taɪm! aɪ hæd ˈɔlˌmoʊst noʊ aɪˈdiə wət aɪ wɑz duɪŋ, ənd aɪ friggin’*’ neɪld ɪt!!! aɪ bɪˈliv praʊd ˈmoʊmənt ɪn ðə ˈkɪʧən ju gaɪz. (ˈsɑri fər ˈbrægɪŋ, pliz heɪt heɪt mi bət ðɛn goʊ meɪk ðɪs keɪk ənd fɔl ɪn ləv wɪθ mi əˈgɛn.) aɪ kʊd nɑt hæv wɪʃt fər ˈbɛtər rɪˈzəlts: ðə keɪk ɪz ˈəltrə ˈfləfi ənd mɔɪst frəm ðət ˈgɔrʤəs ˈɑlɪv ɔɪl ənd ðə ˈkrimi, ˈsupər ˈteɪsti frəm ɔl ðoʊz ˈbjutəfəl aɪ pækt ɪn ðɛr, ənd soʊ ˈglɔriəsli ˈfreɪgrənt! aɪ wɔnt maɪ haʊs tɪ smɛl laɪk ðɪs ɔl ðə taɪm pliz. ju hərd mi, ˈkændəl ˈmeɪkərz. ˈɔlsoʊ, du ju si haʊ ðə ˈbjutəfəl pɛr sˈlaɪsɪz ˈkɪndə səŋk ˈɪntu ðə ˈbætər ənd gɑt ɔl ˈkoʊzi ənd ˈkəmfərtəbəl ɪn ðət dip ˈgoʊldən krəst? aɪ ʤɪst ləv ðət! aɪ wɔnt tɪ bi ðoʊz pɛr sˈlaɪsɪz ənd lɪv əˈməŋ ðoʊz ləgˈʒəriəs ˈkʊʃənz əv keɪk. aɪ ˈædɪd ə təʧ əv graʊnd cardamom*, bɪˈkəz aɪ θɪŋk ɪt goʊz soʊ wɛl wɪθ pɛrz, ˈsɪmələrli tɪ haʊ ˈsɪnəmən ˈæpəlz ər bɛst fil fri tɪ liv ðət aʊt ɪf ju wɪʃ. ˈɔlsoʊ, ðɪs kən ˈtoʊtəli wərk wɪθ ˈæpəlz ənd ˈsɪnəmən ˈæˌkʧuəli, ɪf pɛrz ɪn ˈsizən. aɪ θɪŋk lɑts əv ˈdɪfərənt frut kən bi juzd səkˈsɛsfəli hir, ənd ˈdɛfənətli bi traɪɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðərz aʊt. ðɪs keɪk ɪz ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən ju nid tɪ it keɪk fər ˈbrɛkfəst, wɪʧ ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli wən əv maɪ ˈəltəmət laɪf goʊlz. fil fri tɪ ˈdrɪzəl wɪθ səm ˈɛkstrə ˈglɔriəs ˈhəni ˌbiˈfɔr əˈplaɪɪŋ tɪ feɪs. (aɪ meɪd ə gif*!! teehee*!) tɪ ˈmɛni mɔr (ˈhoʊpfəli səkˈsɛsfəl!) ˈbeɪkɪŋ ædˈvɛnʧərz! nuz: maɪ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ðɪs keɪk wən mi pleɪs ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛst fər ʤun 2015 ðət θrɪld! ju kən rɛd əˈbaʊt ɪt ənd si ðə ˈəðər ˈfæbjələs ˈwɪnərz hir.
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gosh…that title was quite a mouthful! i just couldn’t leave any of those key components out.
have you ever tried an olive oil cake? i must admit, i never had before this.
i have eaten several “vegetable oil cakes” due to the fact that over the past couple of decades, lots of people have been lead to believe that yucky vegetable oils are healthier than butter and ghee (spoiler alert: they aren’t). this caused many to replace the butter in their cakes with corn or sunflower oils, believing they were doing themselves a favour. so anyway, i have had many such cakes at family gatherings and lunches, and they were ok…oils do tend to keep cakes moist, i’ll give them that, but otherwise nothing special. nothing to be compared with butter, that’s for sure.
now over the past few years as my culinary horizons drastically expanded, i repeatedly came across the olive oil cake. it is italian in origin, and the thought of it instantly intrigued me.
i adore olive oil. i think it is more precious than liquid gold. it is one of the absolute best things in the world to put into (and onto!) your body, and definitely one of -if not the best- form of fat around. i eat copious amounts of it, and often slather it onto my hair and body to enjoy its endless benefits and intoxicating aroma. i knew i had to try this olive oil cake thing.
i have no idea why it took me so long to do it.
..actually, that was a lie…yes i do. lolz.
as much as i love to, i don’t bake as often as i used to, so as to avoid eating too much refined flour and sugar. i am always trying to develop new healthier versions of food i love, but have been sort of slow to do so with desserts, specifically baked things. because, well…i am a wuss.
it is just so much more intimidating to mess with cake or pastry recipes, and the uptight perfectionist goody-two-shoes in me that always feels compelled to follow the recipe kinda gets stressed out and anxious at the idea of altering baking recipes. baking is after all, as we all know, a science.
don’t get me wrong, i still eat full-on white sugar and white flour treats occasionally…but for this cake, i wanted it to be more of an everyday affair. i wanted it to be nourishing enough to count as a solid weekday breakfast option that i would feel absolutely great about eating first thing in the morning with a cup of tea.
so i searched around, desperately trying to find something that ticks all my boxes, to no avail. there are lots of olive oil cake recipes, yes. there are some cakes made with wholewheat flour, uhuh. there are other cakes sweetened mostly with honey, yep. is there a cake that combines all these qualities? nope.
alrightie then…time to man the heck up and create one myself. enough with this sissy fear of baking-experimentation. i can do this. no more fear of kitchen flops…they are the only way i will learn!
i set out to make the perfect fully-wholewheat olive oil cake, sweetened entirely with honey. i also decided i want to have yoghurt in there too. you know, because breakfast. and why not throw in some fruit while i’m at it? i sat down and scribbled some rough quantities, armed with nothing but some vague common sense and lots of wishful thinking, then headed to the kitchen. here goes…
the most amazing, magical, unbelievable, miraculous, marvellous thing happened…it turned out perfect the first time! i had almost no idea what i was doing, and i friggin’ nailed it!!! i couldn’t believe it…proud proud moment in the kitchen you guys. (sorry for bragging, please don’t hate me…or hate me but then go make this cake and fall in love with me again.)
i could not have wished for better results: the cake is ultra fluffy and moist from that gorgeous olive oil and the creamy yoghurt, super tasty from all those beautiful flavours i packed in there, and so gloriously fragrant!
i want my house to smell like this all the time please. you heard me, candle makers.
also, do you see how the beautiful pear slices kinda sunk into the batter and got all cosy and comfortable in that deep golden crust? i just love that! i want to be those pear slices and live among those luxurious cushions of cake.
i added a touch of ground cardamom, because i think it goes so well with pears, similarly to how cinnamon & apples are best buddies…but feel free to leave that out if you wish. also, this can totally work with apples and cinnamon actually, if pears aren’t in season. i think lots of different fruit can be used successfully here, and i’ll definitely be trying several others out.
this cake is the perfect justification you need to eat cake for breakfast, which is basically one of my ultimate life goals. feel free to drizzle with some extra glorious honey before applying to face.
(i made a gif!! teehee!)
here’s to many more (hopefully successful!) baking adventures!
news: my photo of this cake won me 3rd place in the dmblgit contest for june 2015!! isn’t that amazing?i’m thrilled! you can read about it and see the other fabulous winners here.
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mercifully* ðə bɔm ə ɪn mɪst ɪts mɑrk baɪ ə waɪd margin* ˈmərsɪfəˌli ðə bɔm ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ə ʧaɪˈniz ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr ɪn kɑˈrɑʧi mɪst ɪts mɑrk baɪ ə waɪd ˈmɑrʤən. bət ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə ˈroʊdˌsaɪd ɪkˈsploʊʒən ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs lɛft ɪm ənd hɪz ˌpækɪˈstæni ˈdraɪvər ˈwundɪd, ˈhaɪtənɪŋ kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈseɪfti əv ˈfɔrən ˈwərkərz. ðə dɪˈvaɪs wɑz ˈplænɪd ɔn ðə grin bɛlt əˈlɔŋ ə roʊd ənd wɑz sɛt ɔf ɛz ðə ˈviɪkəl ˈkɛriɪŋ ðə ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr droʊv pæst. ðə əˈtæk wɑz kleɪmd baɪ ən ˈɛθnɪk ˈsɛpərətɪst ˈmɪlətənt grup əˈpoʊzd tɪ plænz fər ʧaɪˈniz ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn. ə ˈpæmflət saɪnd baɪ ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈɑrmi wɑz faʊnd æt ðə sin əv ðə ɪkˈsploʊʒən, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˈpɪnˌpɔɪnt ˈækjərətli ðoʊz riˈspɑnsəbəl æt ðɪs steɪʤ. ðət nɑt məʧ ˈdæmɪʤ wɑz dən baɪ wət ˈɛkspərts si ɛz ən ˈæməˌʧərɪʃ ənd əˈsɔlt ɪz noʊ ɪkˈskjuz fər kəmˈpleɪsənsi. ðə sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns əv ðə əˈtæk laɪz ɪn ðə fækt ðət ðɪs wɑz ðə fərst ˈprɑmənənt əˈtɛmpt meɪd ɔn ðə laɪf əv ə ʧaɪˈniz ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn kɑˈrɑʧi sɪns ðə lɔnʧ əv ðə æmˈbɪʃəs ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈkɔrɪdər (cpec*). ɪt rɪˈflɛkts ðə nəˈfɛriəs dɪˈzaɪnz əv ˈmɪlətənt ˈaʊtˌfɪts tɪ dɪsˈrəpt ðə ˈdɔlər skim ənd ˈəðər dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈprɑʤɛkts ˈfaɪˌnænst ənd baɪ ˈʧaɪnə. kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ʃɪr ˈnəmbər əv ʧaɪˈniz ˈwərkərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈdɪfərənt ˈprɑʤɛkts, ðə nid tɪ ˈfərðər ˈtaɪtən sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈmɛʒərz kən ˈhɑrdli bi overemphasised*. ˈoʊvər ʧaɪˈniz ˈnæʃənəlz ər ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn 118 ˈprɑʤɛkts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə cpec*, ɪn ənd balochistan*. ðə pəˈlis hæv ˈkɑnstəˌtutəd ə ˈspɛʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti sɛl fər ʧaɪˈniz ˈsɪtɪzənz, bət sɪns ðɛr ər mɔr ʧaɪˈniz ˈsɪtɪzənz ɪn, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn kɑˈrɑʧi, ðən ɪn ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈprɑvɪns, ðə əˈθɔrətiz wʊd du wɛl tɪ kənˈsɪdər ɪkˈspændɪŋ ðɪs sɛl ˈfərðər. ðə ˈfɛdərəl ənd prəˈvɪnʃəl əˈθɔrətiz nid tɪ koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ðɛr ər noʊ ʧɪŋks ɪn ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɑrmər soʊ ðət ˈfɔrən ˈwərkərz kən kənˈtɪnju ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ðɛr ʤɑbz wɪθ pis əv maɪnd. ðə kɑˈrɑʧi ˈɪnsədənt ʃʊd sərv tɪ æd ˈərʤənsi tɪ ðɪs tæsk, ˈgɪvɪn haʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ər fər ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi. ɔl ˈɛləmənts, boʊθ ɪkˈstərnəl ənd ˌɪnˈtərnəl, ðət meɪ wɔnt tɪ ðiz ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts məst bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ənd ˌæprɪˈhɛndəd. ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi ɔˈrɛdi ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˌfɔrˈmɪdəbəl ˈʧælənʤɪz, sɪˈkjʊrəti θrɛts wɪl ˈoʊnli meɪk ˈmætərz wərs. ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ɪkˈsprɛs ˈtrɪbjun, ʤun 1st*, 2016 laɪk əˈpɪnjən ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk, ˈfɑloʊ ɔn tˈwɪtər tɪ rɪˈsiv ɔl ˈəpˌdeɪts ɔn ɔl ɑr ˈdeɪli ˈpisɪz. rɛd fʊl ˈstɔri
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mercifully the bomb targeting a chinese engineer in karachi missed its mark by a wide margin
mercifully the bomb targeting a chinese engineer in karachi missed its mark by a wide margin. but the impact of the roadside explosion nevertheless left him and his pakistani driver wounded, heightening concerns about the safety of foreign workers. the low-intensity device was planted on the green belt along a road and was set off as the vehicle carrying the engineer drove past. the attack was claimed by an ethnic separatist militant group opposed to plans for chinese investment in sindh. a pamphlet signed by the sindhudesh revolutionary army was found at the scene of the explosion, although it is difficult to pinpoint accurately those responsible at this stage.
that not much damage was done by what experts see as an amateurish and ham-handed assault is no excuse for complacency. the significance of the attack lies in the fact that this was the first prominent attempt made on the life of a chinese working in karachi since the launch of the ambitious china-pakistan economic corridor (cpec). it reflects the nefarious designs of militant outfits raring to disrupt the multi-billion dollar scheme and other development projects financed and co-executed by china. considering the sheer number of chinese workers involved in different projects, the need to further tighten security measures can hardly be overemphasised. over 3,470 chinese nationals are working on 118 projects, including the cpec, in sindh and balochistan. the sindh police have constituted a 2,000-strong special security cell for chinese citizens, but since there are more chinese citizens in sindh, especially in karachi, than in any other province, the authorities would do well to consider expanding this cell further. the federal and provincial authorities need to coordinate to ensure that there are no chinks in the security armour so that foreign workers can continue focusing on their jobs with peace of mind. the karachi incident should serve to add urgency to this task, given how important foreign investments are for our economy. all elements, both external and internal, that may want to jeopardise these investments must be identified and apprehended. our economy already facing formidable challenges, security threats will only make matters worse.
published in the express tribune, june 1st, 2016.
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ən ˈdəndəz mæn ɪz dɛd ˈæftər ə frik ˈɪnsədənt ɪn ancaster*. ˈhæməltən pəˈlis rɪˈspɑndɪd ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr 8 a.m*. ˈmənˌdeɪ tɪ rɪˈpɔrts əv ə kəˈlɪʒən ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ə ˈviɪkəl ənd ə pəˈdɛstriən ɪn ðə ˈɛriə əv 144 pl*., nɪr ˈwɪlsən strit ist ənd roʊd wɛst, ɪn ancaster*. pəˈlis ənd ˈimərʤənsi kruz faʊnd ə mæn ˈsəfərɪŋ frəm ˈlaɪfθˌrɛtnɪŋ ˈɪnʤəriz. hi wɑz prəˈnaʊnst dɛd æt ðə sin. ðə kəˈlɪʒən ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən ˈjunɪt həz ˈteɪkən ˈoʊvər ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ə ˈjunəˌfɔrm pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər wɑz fərst tɪ əraɪv æt ðə sin ənd sɔ ə mæn laɪɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈroʊdˌweɪ biɪŋ əˈtɛndəd tɪ baɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpipəl. ðə ˈɔfɪsər ˈnoʊtɪst ən əˈnɑkjəˌpaɪd ˈpɪˌkəp trək aʊt əv kənˈtroʊl ɪn rɪˈvərs. ðə ˈɔfɪsər, ˈfɪrɪŋ fər ðə ˈseɪfti əv ðə ˈpipəl ɔn ðə ˈroʊdˌweɪ, ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪd hɪz ˈkruzər tɪ dɪˈseɪbəl ðə trək baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ hɪz ˈviɪkəl tɪ pɪn ðə trək əˈgɛnst ə tri. wəns ðə trək wɑz sɪˈkjʊrd, ðə ˈɔfɪsər wɛnt tɪ hɛlp ðə ˈsɪtɪzənz ənd ðə mæn. wən ˈsɪtɪzən, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz biɪŋ ən ɔf ˈduti fəˈzɪʃən, wɑz prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈmɛdɪkəl əˈsɪstəns. pəˈlis sɛd ðə dɪˈsist mæn wɑz ðə ˈdraɪvər əv ðə ˈpɪˌkəp ənd ðət ðə ˈviɪkəl dɪd meɪk ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðə mæn. ɪt ɪz ənˈklɪr ɪf hi daɪd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə kəˈlɪʒən ər ˈsəfərd frəm ə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈimərʤənsi. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ər ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə nɛkst əv kɪn ənd hɪz aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɪz nɑt biɪŋ riˈlist æt ðɪs taɪm. ðə mæn wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ bi ɪn ðə ˈɛriə kəˈlɛktɪŋ riˈsaɪkləbəlz ɛz pɑrt əv hɪz ˈnɔrməl ruˈtin, ˈwɪtnəsɪz ˌriˈpɔrtəd.
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an 80-year-old dundas man is dead after a freak single-vehicle incident in ancaster.
hamilton police responded just before 8 a.m. monday to reports of a collision involving a vehicle and a pedestrian in the area of 144 deerview pl., near wilson street east and jerseyville road west, in ancaster.
police and emergency crews found a man suffering from life-threatening injuries. he was pronounced dead at the scene. the collision reconstruction unit has taken over the investigation.
a uniform police officer was first to arrive at the scene and saw a man lying on the roadway being attended to by a number of people.
the officer noticed an unoccupied pickup truck out of control in reverse. the officer, fearing for the safety of the people on the roadway, accelerated his cruiser to disable the truck by using his vehicle to pin the truck against a tree.
once the truck was secured, the officer went to help the citizens and the man.
one citizen, identified as being an off duty physician, was providing medical assistance.
police said the deceased man was the driver of the pickup and that the vehicle did make contact with the man. it is unclear if he died as a result of the collision or suffered from a medical emergency.
investigators are in the process of notifying the next of kin and his identity is not being released at this time.
the man was reported to be in the area collecting recyclables as part of his normal routine, witnesses reported.
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kənˈsɛpʧuəli, ɪt ɔl saʊnz ˈsɪmpəl ɪˈnəf: ju teɪk jʊr tɪ ðə ˈrɛʤɪstər, pənʧ ɪn ðə læst fɔr ˈdɪʤɪts əv jʊr foʊn ˈnəmbər, ənd plɑp jʊr hænd daʊn ɔn ə ˈskænər. voilà*à ðə əˈmaʊnt gɪts dɪˈdəktɪd frəm jʊr bæŋk əˈkaʊnt ənd jʊr ɔn jʊr ˈmɛri weɪ. ðət sɛd, ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪt ɔl sɛt əp ɪz ə bɪt hairier*. ju hæv tɪ swɪŋ wən əv ðə stɔrz, gɪv ɪt jʊr ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈnəmbər, bæŋk ˈɪnfoʊ ənd foʊn ˈnəmbər, ðɛn skæn jʊr pɑm θri taɪmz. ˈæftər ðæts ɔl dən, ju ðɛn ˈæktəˌveɪt jʊr ˈsərvɪs ɔn ɪts ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ənd fɪl aʊt əˈnəðər fɔrm. sɪz ðət iʧ ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈpeɪmənt trænˈzækʃən ˈoʊnli teɪks əˈbaʊt faɪv ˈsɛkəndz tɪ kəmˈplit ðoʊ, soʊ jul hæv tɪ du ðət æˈnælɪsɪs ɔn jʊr oʊn. ɪt ʃʊd kəm ɛz noʊ səˈpraɪz ðət ɪz ˈbɪldɪŋ ə ˈstɑrˌtəp kɔld (noʊ riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˌdiˌviˈdi ˈrɛntəl ˈspɪˌnɔf) əraʊnd ðɪs tɛk, ənd ðə tim həz ˈskænərz sɛt əp æt 15 stɔrz ənd ˌkæˈfeɪz əraʊnd ðə ˈkæmpəs. wiv riʧt aʊt tɪ ðə tim tɪ si ɪf ðeɪ plæn tɪ (ər ˈivɪn kən) brɪŋ ðɪs tɛk tɪ ə ˈdɛli nɪr ju, soʊ steɪ tund.
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conceptually, it all sounds simple enough: you take your comestibles to the register, punch in the last four digits of your phone number, and plop your hand down on a scanner. voilà -- the amount gets deducted from your bank account and you're on your merry way. that said, the process of getting it all set up is a bit hairier. you have to swing one of the scanner-enabled stores, give it your social security number, bank info and phone number, then scan your palm three times. after that's all done, you then activate your service on its website and fill out another form. leifland says that each subsequent payment transaction only takes about five seconds to complete though, so you'll have to do that cost-benefit analysis on your own.
it should come as no surprise that leifland is building a startup called quixter (no relation to netflix's ill-fated dvd rental spinoff) around this palm-sensing tech, and the team has scanners set up at 15 stores and cafes around the campus. we've reached out to the quixter team to see if they plan to (or even can) bring this tech to a deli near you, so stay tuned.
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ɛz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈmuvi ˈθieɪtər ʧeɪn ɔn ərθ, ˈeɪˌɛmˈsi ˈθiətərz ˈdɛfənətli drɔz ən ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˈɔdiəns, bət ɪt simz laɪk ˈmɪljənz əv ˈkəstəmərz ˈlaɪnɪŋ əp æt ɪts bɑks ˈɔfəsɪz ɪˈnəf tɪ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ˈeɪˌɛmˈsi. ˈərliər ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ ðə ˈmæsɪv ˈsɪnəmə ˈkəmpəˌni tʊk tɪ tˈwɪtər tɪ ˈæŋgrəli kəmˈpleɪn æt lɛŋθ ðət ɪt gɪt ˈnɪrli ɪˈnəf ˈkrɛdɪt fər nɑt ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ˈprɛgnənt ˈwɪmən fər tu ˈmuvi ˈtɪkɪts, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðət wɑz ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪt ˈizəli kʊd du. ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈeɪˌɛmˈsi ˈθiətərz tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnt bɪˈgæn ɪts ˌɪmˈpæʃənd rænt æt əraʊnd a.m*., ənd kwaɪt ˈfræŋkli ɪt ˈprɪti. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt wɪn səm ˈæŋgri tˈwɪtər ˈjuzərz læʃt aʊt æt ˈeɪˌɛmˈsi fər ˈluzɪŋ ɪts kul, ðə ˈsɪnəmə ʧeɪn ʤɪst ˈdəbəld daʊn wɪθ twaɪs ðə fˈjʊri. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ənd ʤɪst wɪn ɪt simd laɪk ðə ˈθieɪtər ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈkulɪŋ daʊn, ˈeɪˌɛmˈsi lɔgd bæk ɔn əˈbaʊt ən aʊər ˈleɪtər fər ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈpɑrtɪŋ ʃɑts. bɪn ə fju aʊərz naʊ sɪns ˈeɪˌɛmˈsi læst tweeted*, soʊ ˈlʊkɪŋ laɪk ðə ˈsɑgə həz ˈɛndɪd fər naʊ. bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ si ɪf ˈeɪˌɛmˈsi ɪz ˈrɪli dən ˈjɛlɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ədˈmɪʃən fər ˈənˈbɔrn ˈʧɪldrən, ər ɪf stɪl gɑt ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr reɪʤ lɛft.
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as the largest movie theater chain on earth, amc theatres definitely draws an enormous audience, but it seems like millions of customers lining up at its box offices isn’t enough to satisfy amc. earlier this morning the massive cinema company took to twitter to angrily complain at length that it didn’t get nearly enough credit for not charging pregnant women for two movie tickets, even though that was something it easily could do.
the official amc theatres twitter account began its impassioned rant at around 9:30 a.m., and quite frankly it wasn’t pretty.
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when some angry twitter users lashed out at amc for losing its cool, the cinema chain just doubled down with twice the fury.
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and just when it seemed like the theater company was cooling down, amc logged back on about an hour later for a couple of parting shots.
it’s been a few hours now since amc last tweeted, so it’s looking like the saga has ended for now. it’ll be interesting to see if amc is really done yelling about charging admission for unborn children, or if it’s still got a little more rage left.
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555 ðɪs ɪz wən əv maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈrɛsəpiz tɪ sərv ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈsizən. aɪ ˈjuʒəwəli du hæf vɛlˈvitə, hæf ʃɑrp ˈʧɛdər. aɪ wɪl sərv ɪt wɪθ ˈhoʊˈmeɪd tɔrˈtiə ʧɪps ənd ðə ˈbɑtəl əv fræn... aɪ wʊd ˈrəðər juz ril ʧiz ənd frɛʃ ˌɪnˈgridiənts ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈprɑsɛst fudz. tərnd aʊt tɪ bi ˈvɛri gʊd. ˈsɛrə ʤoʊ 1 ðɪs ɪz wən əv maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈrɛsəpiz tɪ sərv ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈsizən. aɪ ˈjuʒəwəli du hæf vɛlˈvitə, hæf ʃɑrp ˈʧɛdər. aɪ wɪl sərv ɪt wɪθ ˈhoʊˈmeɪd tɔrˈtiə ʧɪps ənd ðə ˈbɑtəl əv fræn... rɛd mɔr krɪˈstinə dɪˈlɪʃəs!!!! meɪd ðɪs fər ɑr ˈwikli "dɪp naɪt", ənd wi ˈtoʊtəli tɔr ɪt əp! aɪ ˈdɪdənt juz ðə ˈɔpʃənəl ʧɑpt ˌhæləˈpinjoʊz bɪˈkəz maɪ 2 jɪr oʊld wɑz ˈitɪŋ ðɪs ɛz wɛl. oʊ, ənd aɪ dɪd juz ðə mi... rɛd mɔr 541 4 ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst ˈɔsəm. aɪ hæd ˈpərʧəst ðə ˌɪnˈgridiənts tɪ meɪk ðɪs fər ə ˈpɪkˌnɪk ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd ənd plænd ɔn ə ˈdəbəl bæʧ. ˈpɪkˌnɪk wɑz reɪnd aʊt bət aɪ ˈrɪli ˈwɔntɪd tɪ traɪ ðə ˈrɛsəpi. hæd nɑt bi... rɛd mɔr 156 81 əˈmeɪzɪŋ. aɪ faʊnd ðɪs ˈrɛsəpi ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ə kwɪk dɪp tɪ meɪk. aɪ hæv ə (aɪ θɪŋk) ənd ɪt fɪld ɪt əp tɪ ðə tɔp! (aɪ bɔt əv ˈʧɪkən brɛst bət ˈoʊnli juzd hæf, rɛd mɔr 88 9 tʊk ðɪs dɪp tɪ ə ˈpɑrti læst naɪt ənd ˈɛvriˌwən reɪvd əˈbaʊt ɪt. aɪ traɪd tɪ juz laɪt ˌɪnˈgridiənts wɛr aɪ kʊd (ʧiz, saʊər krim) tɪ ˈlaɪtən əp ðə loʊd. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˌhæləˈpinjoʊz, aɪ ju... rɛd mɔr 312 53 ðɪs ɪz ˈrɪli gʊd. ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋz aɪ dɪd ˈdɪfərˈɛntli wər tɪ ˈmɛrəˌneɪt ðə ˈʧɪkən ɪn ə ʧɪˈpoʊˌtli laɪm ˈmɑrɪˌneɪd fər ə fju aʊərz, ənd aɪ səbd binz fər ðə blæk binz. aɪ ˈoʊnli dɪd ðɪs... rɛd mɔr 175 aɪ ˈdəbəld ðɪs, ˈjuzɪŋ wən kən maɪld rotel*, wən hɑt, ənd graʊnd bif ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈʧɪkən. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈædɪd ˈspaɪsi vɛlˈvitə (ðə ɪnˈtaɪər blɑk), ʧɪˈpoʊˌtli ˈtɑkoʊ ˈsizənɪŋ, rɛd ˈənjənz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv grin,... rɛd mɔr 446 227 aɪ meɪd ʃʊr ðə təˈmɑtoʊz ənd blæk binz wər dreɪnd ˈvɛri wɛl. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈædɪd ə blɑk əv krim ʧiz. aɪ θɪŋk ðət ˈrɪli meɪd ðə dɪʃ ɪt wɑz nis ənd ˈkrimi ənd ˈdɪdənt hæv ðət ˈoʊvərli vi... rɛd mɔr
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555
this is one of my favorite recipes to serve during football season. i usually do half velveeta, half sharp cheddar. i will serve it with homemade lime-chili tortilla chips and the bottle of fran...
i would rather use real cheese and fresh ingredients instead of processed foods. turned out to be very good.
sarah jo 1 5k
this is one of my favorite recipes to serve during football season. i usually do half velveeta, half sharp cheddar. i will serve it with homemade lime-chili tortilla chips and the bottle of fran... read more
christina 3k 2k
delicious!!!! made this for our weekly "dip night", and we totally tore it up! i didn't use the optional chopped jalapenos because my 2 year old was eating this as well. oh, and i did use the mi... read more
pixie60 541 4
this is just awesome. i had purchased the ingredients to make this for a picnic this weekend and planned on a double batch. picnic was rained out but i really wanted to try the recipe. had not b... read more
raptorshark 156 81
amazing. i found this recipe searching for a quick slowcooker dip to make. i have a 3qt slow-cooker (i think) and it filled it up to the top! (i bought 2lb of chicken breast but only used half, ... read more
tica 88 9
took this dip to a party last night and everyone raved about it. i tried to use light ingredients where i could (cheese, sour cream) to lighten up the calorie/fat load. instead of jalapenos, i u... read more
missylakes 312 53
this is really good. the only things i did differently were to marinate the chicken in a chipotle lime marinade for a few hours, and i subbed refried beans for the black beans. i only did this... read more
brangie 1k 175
i doubled this, using one can mild rotel, one hot, and ground beef instead of chicken. also added spicy velveeta (the entire block), chipotle taco seasoning, sautéed red onions instead of green,... read more
holly9000 446 227
i made sure the tomatoes and black beans were drained very well. i also added a block of cream cheese. i think that really made the dish - it was nice and creamy and didn't have that overly ve... read more
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zɛŋ sɪz 21 nu skrinz ə deɪ ər biɪŋ bɪlt ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ənd ðət skrinz ɪz ˈɑptɪməm ˈnəmbər fər ˈʧaɪnəz ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ˈʧaɪnə wɪl ˈoʊvərˌteɪk ðə juz. ɪn ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər əv skrinz nɛkst jɪr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ zɛŋ, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈwɑndə ˈsɪnəmə laɪn, ðə ˈkəntriz ˈbɪgəst ɪgˈzɪbətər. ˈspikɪŋ ˈsənˌdi æt ðə ər ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən: ɔn ˈkæpɪtəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðə ʧaɪˈniz fɪlm industry”*” ˈfɔrəm æt ðə ˈʃæŋˈhaɪ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl fɪlm ˈfɛstɪvəl, zɛŋ sɛd ðət ˈʧaɪnə wɑz ˈædɪŋ 21 nu skrinz ə deɪ ənd ðət ðə dɪˈmænd fər nu ˈθiətərz wɑz stɪl fɑr frəm məˈʧʊrəti. ɪn 2015 ˈʧaɪnə hæd skrinz, ən ˌɪnˈkris əv skrinz frəm ðə ˈpriviəs jɪr. ðə ˈænjuəl ˈmɑrkɪt ˌrivˈju pʊt juz. skrin ˈnəmbərz æt ɪn 2015 ə ˌɪnˈkris frəm 2014 æt ə reɪt əv 21 nu skrinz pər deɪ, ˈʧaɪnə ʃʊd bi ʤɪst ʃaɪ əv skrinz baɪ ðə ɛnd əv 2016 ənd ɪz ɔn træk tɪ ˈoʊvərˌteɪk ðə juz. ɪn ˈərli 2017 zɛŋ rɪˈʤɛktɪd ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət ðɛr wɑz ə ˈbəbəl ɪn ɪn ˈʧaɪnə, wɪʧ səm hæv lɪŋkt tɪ ðə ˈveɪgəriz əv ˈʃɑpɪŋ mɔl kənˈstrəkʃən ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. wɪθ ˈʧaɪnəz ɪˈkɑnəmi sloʊɪŋ frəm ɪts ˈbreɪkˌnɛk peɪs əv ðə 2000s*, ˈʃɑpɪŋ mɔl kənˈstrəkʃən həz ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz sloʊd. zɛŋ kənˈsidɪd ðət səm ˈsɪtiz səʧ ɛz ˌʧɛŋˈdu wər æt ˌsæʧərˈeɪʃən pɔɪnt wɪn ɪt keɪm tɪ ˈθiətərz, bət ðət ðɛr wər stɪl ˈmɛni ˈsɪtiz ðət wər ˌəndərˈsərvd. ˈwɑndə ˈsɪnəmə laɪn, pɑrt əv ðə ʤaɪənt ˈdeɪliən ˈwɑndə kənˈglɑmərət ðət ˈɔlsoʊ oʊnz ˈeɪˌɛmˈsi ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ɪn ðə juz ənd ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, həz skrinz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə ənd zɛŋ wɑz ˈbʊlɪʃ ɔn ðə ˈprɑspɛkts fər hɪz ˈkəmpəˌni ənd ðə ˈwaɪdər ˈmɑrkɪt. hi ˈædɪd ðət ˈʧaɪnə kʊd ˈkəmfərtəbli səˈpɔrt skrinz, ˈdəbəl ðə juz. ˈnəmbər, ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ jɪrz. ˈleɪtər ɪn ðə dɪˈskəʃən, zɛŋ rɪˈvild ˈwɑndə ˈsɪnəməz pʊʃ tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ɪts ˈkəstəmər ˈlɔɪəlti ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ˈproʊˌgræm, wɪʧ ˈkərəntli stændz æt 60 ˈmɪljən ˈjuzərz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə. hi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðət ˈeɪˌɛmˈsi wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ɪts ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ˈproʊˌgræm frəm 3 ˈmɪljən ˈjuzərz tɪ 10 ˈmɪljən ˈjuzərz baɪ ðə ɛnd əv 2016 ənd ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ˈsikɪŋ ˈsɪmələr groʊθ fər. ðə ˈwɑndə grup hoʊps tɪ hæv 100 ˈmɪljən ˈmɛmbərz ˈwərldˈwaɪd fər ɪts ˈvɛriəs ˈθieɪtər brændz baɪ 2020 ðɪs ˈstrætəʤi tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ˈdəvˌteɪlz wɪθ ðə grups ˈdætə ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈstrætəʤi, zɛŋ sɛd, ðə plæn biɪŋ tɪ hæv mɔr ˈtɑrgətɪd rɪˈlisɪz fər ˈɔdiənsəz baɪ ˈkætəˌgɔri, ˌdɛməˈgræfɪkli ənd ˈivɪn ˌʤiəˈgræfɪkəli.
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zeng maojun says 21 new screens a day are being built in the country and that 80,000 screens is optimum number for china's population.
china will overtake the u.s. in total number of screens next year, according to zeng maojun, president of wanda cinema line, the country's biggest exhibitor.
speaking sunday at the “communication or confrontation: on capitalizing the chinese film industry” forum at the shanghai international film festival, zeng said that china was adding 21 new screens a day and that the demand for new theaters was still far from maturity.
in 2015, china had 31,627 screens, an increase of 8,035 screens from the previous year. the mpaa's annual market review put u.s. screen numbers at 40,547 in 2015, a 262-screen increase from 2014. at a rate of 21 new screens per day, china should be just shy of 40,000 screens by the end of 2016 and is on track to overtake the u.s. in early 2017.
zeng rejected the notion that there was a bubble in screen-building in china, which some have linked to the vagaries of shopping mall construction in the country. with china's economy slowing from its breakneck pace of the 2000s, shopping mall construction has likewise slowed. zeng conceded that some cities such as chengdu were at saturation point when it came to theaters, but that there were still many cities that were underserved.
wanda cinema line, part of the giant dalian wanda conglomerate that also owns amc entertainment in the u.s and hoyts in australia, has 6,000 screens in china and zeng was bullish on the near-term prospects for his company and the wider market.
he added that china could comfortably support 80,000 screens, double the u.s. number, in the coming years.
later in the discussion, zeng revealed wanda cinema's push to increase its customer loyalty membership program, which currently stands at 60 million users in china. he also said that amc was looking to increase its membership program from 3 million users to 10 million users by the end of 2016 and the company is seeking similar growth for hoyts.
the wanda group hopes to have 100 million members worldwide for its various theater brands by 2020. this strategy to increase membership dovetails with the group's data mining strategy, zeng said, the plan being to have more targeted releases for audiences by category, demographically and even geographically.
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pivotal’s* ˈæptli neɪmd ˈoʊpən sɔrs riˈæktɪv ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, "riˈæktər," riʧt ə ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn ðɪs ˈtuzˌdeɪ wɪn ɪts ˈvərʒən wɑz riˈlist fər ˈʤɛnərəl əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti. riˈæktər prəˈvaɪdz ˌloʊˈlɛvəl æbˈstrækʃənz fər ən, riˈæktɪv ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ˈmɑdəl, ənd ɪz ə kəmˈpoʊnənt ˈmɛmbər əv ðə spərɪŋ aɪoʊ ˈplætˌfɔrm, ɪn ɪts "aɪoʊ faʊnˈdeɪʃən" leɪər. riˈæktər ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd ɛz ə faʊnˈdeɪʃənəl kəmˈpoʊnənt əv ðə spərɪŋ aɪoʊ ˈplætˌfɔrm, ˌɔlˈðoʊ, ɪn ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ɪt həz noʊ dɪˈrɛkt dɪˈpɛndənsi ɔn ðə spərɪŋ ˈfreɪmˌwərk. ðə ˈwɪˌki noʊts səˈpɔrt" fər spərɪŋ wɪθ ɪts "reactor-spring*" ˈmɑʤul, ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðə kɔr ɪz ˈɔfərd ɛz ə ˈsɛlfkənˈteɪnd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, ənd kən bi ˈlɛvərɪʤd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ə spərɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˈkɑntɛkst. riˈæktər ɪˈneɪbəlz dɪˈvɛləpərz tɪ bɪld, ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ðət "məst wərk wɪθ ˈθaʊzənz, tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz, ər ˈivɪn ˈmɪljənz əv kənˈkərənt rɪkˈwɛsts pər ˈsɛkənd." ˌɪnˈdid, ðə blɔg poʊst əˈnaʊnsɪŋ ðə riˈlis taʊts riˈæktər ɛz biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈmɪljən ɪˈvɛnts pər ˈsɛkənd ɔn ə ˈstændərd dɪˈvɛləpər ˈlæpˌtɑp." ðə poʊst ˈɔlsoʊ meɪk ʃʊr tɪ noʊt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət "wət jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən dɪz tɪ sloʊ riˈæktər daʊn kən ˈvɛri dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə tæsk." riˈæktər drɔz məʧ əv ɪts ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən frəm ðə riˈæktər dɪˈzaɪn ˈpætərn, wɪʧ dɪˈfaɪnz ə ˈmɑdəl fər ˈeɪˈsɪŋkrənəs ɪˈvɛnt dɪˈspæʧɪŋ ənd ˈhændəlɪŋ. ðə dɪˈzaɪn ˈpætərn, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɑz nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli sɔrs əv ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən fər ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt, ənd ðə riˈlis noʊts saɪt əˈdɪʃənəl ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən frəm ˈmɛni ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈprɑʤɛkts ənd ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz, ɛz wɛl frəm ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈʤɑvə 8 riˈlis. riˈæktər ˈbɑroʊz ˈkɑnsɛpts frəm ðoʊz ˈɛriəz tɪ prəˈvaɪd æbˈstrækʃənz fər ˈeɪˈsɪŋkrənəs ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ tɛkˈniks laɪk strimz ənd ˈprɑməsəz. fər sɪmˈplɪsɪti ɪn ɪts ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən, riˈæktər ˈɔfərz ˈbɪlˌtɪn, ˌfərstˈklæs səˈpɔrt fər ˈmɛni ˈpɑpjələr ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz ənd ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz. ɛz ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt tɪ ɪts ˈtæˌglaɪn freɪz, "fæst ˈdætə", ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt meɪks ʃʊr tɪ noʊt ɪts fər ðə disruptor*, wɪʧ wɑz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ "kriˈeɪt ə ˈvɛri haɪ pərˈfɔrməns ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ." ðə "reactor-tcp*" ˈmɑʤul ʃɪps wɪθ ə klaɪənt ənd ˈsərvər ðət ɪz bækt baɪ ˈnɛti. ˈnɛti ɪz ə ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ðət prəˈvaɪdz ən "ˈeɪˈsɪŋkrənəs ˈnɛtˌwərk ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˈfreɪmˌwərk ənd ˈtulɪŋ fər ənd high-scalability*". ˈɔfərɪŋ ˌsɪmpləfɪˈkeɪʃən ənd səˈpɔrt fər ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ tɛkˈniks, ˈgruvi ɪz səˈpɔrtɪd ɛz ə ˌfərstˈklæs ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə juz əv ˈkloʊʒərz ɛz callbacks*. riˈæktər ʃɪps wɪθ ə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈgruvi dsl*, wɪʧ əˈfɔrdz ə ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪd kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ɪkˈspɪriəns. ˈʤɑvə 8 ɪz ˈtɑrgətɪd ɛz ə ˌfərstˈklæs ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, wɪθ bɪlt tɪ ˈlɛvərɪʤ lambdas*, ɛz wɛl ɛz meɪk juz əv ˈmɛθəd ˈrɛfərənsɪz ɛz callbacks*. ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt, ˈmɛltˌdaʊn, prəˈvaɪdz ən ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ˈɪntu riˈæktər frəm clojure*. ðə riˈæktər tim həz ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzd ðət ðə ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz ɪz "dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ bi soʊ ðət ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz kən [ˈɔlsoʊ] ˈbɛnəfɪt" frəm ɪts ˈɔfərɪŋz. ðə sɔrs koʊd fər riˈæktər ɪz ˈfrili əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ənd ɪz əˈpæʧi ˈlaɪsənst. əˈdɪʃənəl ənd ˈsæmpəl ˈprɑʤɛkts ər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl tɪ gaɪd ˈnuˌkəmərz wɪθ ˈkɑnkrit ɪgˈzæmpəlz. ðə gaɪdz ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔfərz ə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv "ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈstɑrtɪd" tuˈtɔriəl. ˈmeɪvən ˈɑrtəˌfækts ər əˈveɪləbəl fər ðə ˈvɛriəs riˈæktər ˈmɑʤulz, ənd ər əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ˈmeɪvən ˈsɛntrəl, ɛz ˈnoʊtɪd æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə riˈlis noʊts.
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pivotal’s aptly named open source reactive programming library, "reactor," reached a milestone this tuesday when its 1.0 version was released for general availability. reactor provides low-level abstractions for an event-driven, reactive programming model, and is a component member of the spring io platform, in its "io foundation" layer.
reactor is designed as a foundational component of the spring io platform, although, in itself, it has no direct dependency on the spring framework. the project’s wiki notes "out-of-the-box support" for spring with its "reactor-spring" module, however the core api is offered as a self-contained library, and can be leveraged outside of a spring application context.
reactor enables developers to build high-throughput, low-latency applications that "must work with thousands, tens of thousands, or even millions of concurrent requests per second." indeed, the blog post announcing the release touts reactor as being able to process "10-15 million events per second on a standard developer laptop." the post also make sure to note, however, that "what your application does ... to slow reactor down can vary depending on the task."
reactor draws much of its inspiration from the reactor design pattern, which defines a model for asynchronous event dispatching and handling. the design pattern, however, was not the only source of inspiration for the project, and the release notes cite additional inspiration from many open source projects and libraries, as well from the upcoming java 8 release. reactor borrows concepts from those areas to provide abstractions for asynchronous programming techniques like streams and promises.
for simplicity in its integration, reactor offers built-in, first-class support for many popular libraries and languages. as reinforcement to its tagline phrase, "fast data", the project makes sure to note its api for the high-throughput lmax disruptor, which was designed to "create a very high performance financial exchange."
the project’s "reactor-tcp" module ships with a tcp client and server api that is backed by netty. netty is a jvm networking library that provides an "asynchronous event-driven network application framework and tooling ... for high-performance and high-scalability".
offering syntactic simplification and support for functional programming techniques, groovy is supported as a first-class language, including the use of closures as callbacks. reactor ships with a comprehensive groovy dsl, which affords a simplified configuration experience. java 8 is targeted as a first-class language, with reactor’s api built to leverage lambdas, as well as make use of method references as callbacks. the clojurewerkz project, meltdown, provides an interface into reactor from clojure. the reactor team has emphasized that the library's api is "designed to be extensible ... so that non-jvm languages can [also] benefit" from its offerings.
the source code for reactor is freely available on github and is apache licensed. additional quickstart and sample projects are also available to guide newcomers with concrete examples. the guides section of the newly-redesigned spring.io website also offers a comprehensive "getting started" tutorial.
maven artifacts are available for the various reactor modules, and are available on maven central, as noted at the bottom of the release notes.
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ɪf ““dismaland”*” saʊnz laɪk ə ˈnaɪtˌmɛr ˈvərʒən əv ˈdɪzniˌlænd tɪ ju, ðɛn bi raɪt. ðə ““bemusement”*” pɑrk ɪz ðə wərk əv noʊˈtɔriəs strit ˈɑrtɪst, ənd ðə ˈeɪkər saɪt ˈoʊpənz təˈdeɪ ɪn ðə uk*. ðə ˈsikrɪt ˈprɑʤɛkt, wɪʧ wɑz ənˈveɪld ˈθərzˌdeɪ ənd ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə əˈbændənd ˌtrɑpɪˈkænə sˈwɪmɪŋ rɪˈzɔrt ɪn, ˈfiʧərz əˈtrækʃənz wɪθ ə dɑrk twɪst, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ wərk baɪ ənd 50 ˈəðər ˈɑrtɪsts frəm əraʊnd ðə wərld. ““dismaland”*” ədˈmɪʃən kɔsts ənd wɪl rən ˈoʊnli fər 5 wiks. ðə əˈfɪʃəl broʊˈʃʊr dɪˈskraɪbz ɪt ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈmænər: ju ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ ðə ˈsoʊlləs bəˈnælɪti əv ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈfæməli deɪ aʊt? ər ʤɪst ˈsəmˌwɛr ˈʧipər. ðɛn ðɪs ɪz ðə pleɪs fər keɪˈɑtɪk nu wərld wɛr ju kən ɪˈskeɪp frəm ˈmaɪndləs ɪˈskeɪˌpɪzəm. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ə ˈbərgər stɔl, wi hæv ə mˈjuziəm. ɪn pleɪs əv ə gɪft ʃɑp wi hæv ə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, wɛl, wi hæv ə gɪft ʃɑp ɛz ɪˈvɛnt kənˈteɪnz ˈædəlt θimz, dɪˈstrɛsɪŋ ˈɪmɪʤri, ɪkˈstɛndɪd juz əv stroʊb ˈlaɪtɪŋ, smoʊk ˈifɛkts ənd sˈwɛrɪŋ. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈaɪtəmz ər ˈstrɪktli proʊˈhɪbətəd: naɪvz, spraycans*, ˌɪˈligəl drəgz, ənd ˈlɔjərz frəm ðə wɔlt ˈdɪzni corporation.”*.” mɔr ˈɪnfoʊ: (h/t*: kəˈlɑsəl) ɪz ə ˈnaɪtˌmɛr ˈvərʒən əv ˈdɪzniˌlænd ər ə θim pɑrk ənˈsutəbəl fər children”*” ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈkrɪstəfər ˈʤɑbsən ɪt wɑz bɪlt ˈsikrɪtli baɪ ˈoʊvər ðə ˌtrɑpɪˈkænə sˈwɪmɪŋ pul ɪn ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ rɪˈzɔrt taʊn əv ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈkrɪstəfər ˈʤɑbsən ləvd ðə ˌtrɑpɪˈkænə ɛz ə kɪd, soʊ ˈgɪtɪŋ tɪ θroʊ ðiz dɔrz ˈoʊpən əˈgɛn ɪz ə ril honour”*” sɛd ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈkrɪstəfər ˈʤɑbsən gɛs seɪ ə θim pɑrk huz bɪg θim ɪz pɑrks ʃʊd hæv ˈbɪgər themes”*” ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈfoʊˌtoʊz boʊθ smɔl ənd lɑrʤ wərks kən bi faʊnd ɔn ðə saɪt ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ðə pɑrk wɪl ˈfiʧər əmˈjuzmənts wɪθ ə dɑrk twɪst, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈɑrtˌwərk baɪ ənd 50 ˈəðər ˈɑrtɪsts frəm əraʊnd ðə wərld ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈkrɪstəfər ˈʤɑbsən bænd ˈɛni ˈɪmɪʤri əv ˈmɪki maʊs frəm ðə site,”*,” hi sɛd ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈkrɪstəfər ˈʤɑbsən ə ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs fər ðə bɛst ˈɑrtɪsts aɪ kʊd imagine”*” ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈkrɪstəfər ˈʤɑbsən ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə pɑrk wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈvɪzɪtərz tɪ ɪnˈdʊr ən əˈprɛsɪv ˈskrinɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˈɛgzɪtɪŋ ““dismaland”*” wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈgɪtɪŋ jʊr ˈpɔrtrət skɛʧt, hæv ðə ˈɔpʃən əv ˈhævɪŋ ðə bæk əv jʊr hɛd drɔn ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈkrɪstəfər ˈʤɑbsən, əˈnivən flɔr ˈsərfəsɪz, ɪkˈstɛnsɪv juz əv stroʊb ˈlaɪtɪŋ, ˈɪmɪʤri ənˈsutəbəl fər smɔl ˈʧɪldrən ənd swearing”*” ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ər ˈstrɪktli proʊˈhɪbətəd ɪn ðə pɑrk: spreɪ peɪnt, ˈmɑrkər pɛnz, naɪvz ənd ˈligəl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz əv ðə wɔlt ˈdɪzni corporation”*” ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ðə əˈfɪʃəl broʊˈʃʊr steɪts, ju ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ ðə ˈsoʊlləs bəˈnælɪti əv ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈfæməli deɪ aʊt? ər ʤɪst ˈsəmˌwɛr cheaper”*” ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈkrɪstəfər ˈʤɑbsən ðɪs ɪz ðə pleɪs fər keɪˈɑtɪk nu wərld wɛr ju kən ɪˈskeɪp frəm ˈmaɪndləs ɪˈskeɪˌpɪzəm. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ə ˈbərgər stɔl, wi hæv ə museum”*” ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈkrɪstəfər ˈʤɑbsən pleɪs əv ə gɪft ʃɑp wi hæv ə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, wɛl, wi hæv ə gɪft ʃɑp ɛz well”*” ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪts: ˈfoʊˌtoʊz
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if “dismaland” sounds like a nightmare version of disneyland to you, then you’d be right. the “bemusement” park is the work of notorious street artist banksy, and the 2.5 acre site opens today in the uk. the secret project, which was unveiled thursday and is located in the abandoned tropicana swimming resort in weston-super-mare, features theme-park attractions with a dark twist, along with work by banksy and 50 other artists from around the world. “dismaland” admission costs £3 and will run only for 5 weeks. the official brochure describes it in the following manner:
“are you looking for an alternative to the soulless sugar-coated banality of the average family day out? or just somewhere cheaper. then this is the place for you—a chaotic new world where you can escape from mindless escapism. instead of a burger stall, we have a museum. in place of a gift shop we have a library, well, we have a gift shop as well…this event contains adult themes, distressing imagery, extended use of strobe lighting, smoke effects and swearing. the following items are strictly prohibited: knives, spraycans, illegal drugs, and lawyers from the walt disney corporation.”
more info: dismaland.co.uk | banksy.co.uk (h/t: colossal)
dismaland is a nightmare version of disneyland or a “family theme park unsuitable for children”
image credits: christopher jobson
it was built secretly by street-artist bansky over the tropicana swimming pool in the english resort town of weston-super-mare
image credits: christopher jobson
“i loved the tropicana as a kid, so getting to throw these doors open again is a real honour” said banksy
image credits: christopher jobson
“i guess you’d say it’s a theme park whose big theme is ‘theme parks should have bigger themes”
image credits: yui mok—pa photos
both small and large works can be found on the site
image credits: yui mok—pa photos
the park will feature amusements with a dark twist, along with artwork by banksy and 50 other artists from around the world
image credits: christopher jobson
“i banned any imagery of mickey mouse from the site,” he said
image credits: christopher jobson
“it’s a showcase for the best artists i could imagine”
image credits: christopher jobson
entering the park will require visitors to endure an oppressive screening process
image credits: yui mok—pa photos
exiting “dismaland” will also be difficult
image credits: yui mok—pa photos
instead of getting your portrait sketched, you’ll have the option of having the back of your head drawn
image credits: christopher jobson
dismaland, “contains uneven floor surfaces, extensive use of strobe lighting, imagery unsuitable for small children and swearing”
image credits: yui mok—pa photos
“the following are strictly prohibited in the park: spray paint, marker pens, knives and legal representatives of the walt disney corporation”
image credits: yui mok—pa photos
the official brochure states, “are you looking for an alternative to the soulless sugar-coated banality of the average family day out? or just somewhere cheaper”
image credits: christopher jobson
“then this is the place for you—a chaotic new world where you can escape from mindless escapism. instead of a burger stall, we have a museum”
image credits: christopher jobson
“in place of a gift shop we have a library, well, we have a gift shop as well”
image credits: yui mok—pa photos
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ˈsɪti pəˈlis dɪˈtɛktɪvz spɛnt ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈkænvəsɪŋ ə ˈləndən kəˈmərʃəl ˈplɑzə wɛr ə ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈbɑdi wɑz faʊnd ɪn hɪz ˌɛsˌjuˈvi ə deɪ ˈərliər. pəˈlis dɪˈskəvərd ðə ˈbɑdi əv ˈdeɪvɪd hoʊl, hu hæd bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈnɪrli tu wiks ˈərliər, ɪn ə ˈpɑrkɪŋ lɔt æt ˈwɛlɪŋtən roʊd ənd kəˈmɪʃənərz roʊd ist əˈbaʊt 6 p.m*. ˈθərzˌdeɪ. naʊ, kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈmɪstər. ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns ənd hɪz death,”*,” sɛd const*. baʊ. pəˈlis riˈlist ðɪs ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv 2007 fɔrd ɪˈskeɪp ɔn noʊv. 20 hɪz ˈbɑdi wɑz faʊnd ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈviɪkəl pɑrkt ɪn ə ˈplɑzə ɔn ðə ˌsaʊθˈwɛst ˈkɔrnər əv ˈwɛlɪŋtən roʊd ənd kəˈmɪʃənərz roʊd ist. hoʊl, 53 wɑz læst sin ɪn saʊθ ˈləndən noʊv. 15 sɛd pəˈlis, hu ˈɪʃud ə ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈpərsən əˈpil faɪv deɪz ˈleɪtər, seɪɪŋ hɪz ˈfæməli wɑz kənˈsərnd fər hɪz ˈwɛlˌfɛr. ˈbɑdi wɑz faʊnd ɪn hɪz 2009 fɔrd ɪˈskeɪp, wɪʧ wɑz pɑrkt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə ˈriˌteɪl ˈsɛntər ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl ˈrɛˌstrɑnts, ə ˈgroʊsəri stɔr, ˈbɪznɪs ənd ˈfɑrməsi. ən ɪmˈplɔɪi æt wən əv ðə sɛd hi fərst ˈnoʊtɪst ðə ˌɛsˌjuˈvi pɑrkt ɪn ðə lɔt ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. aɪ ˈnoʊtɪs ˈɛniˌθɪŋ səˈspɪʃəs əˈbaʊt it,”*,” sɛd ðə mæn, hu æst nɑt tɪ bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd. ɪt ənˈtɪl ˈθərzˌdeɪ naɪt wɪn pəˈlis keɪm ˈɪntu hɪz wərk ðət ðə mæn sɛd hi geɪv ə ˈsɛkənd θɔt tɪ ðə ˌɛsˌjuˈvi. ˈbeɪsɪkli ʤɪst æst ɪf ˈnoʊtɪst ðə fɔrd ɪˈskeɪp there,”*,” ðə mæn sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ˈɔlsoʊ æst ɪf ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ həz sərˈveɪləns ˈkæmərəz. ðə ˈmeɪʤər kraɪmz ˈjunɪt ɪz ˈhændəlɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ən ˈɔˌtɑpsi wɑz pərˈfɔrmd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ tɪ dɪˈtərmən kɔz əv dɛθ. pəˈlis ˈviɪkəl ɪn ðə ˈpɑrkɪŋ lɔt æt ˈwɛlɪŋtən strit ənd kəˈmɪʃənərz roʊd ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, dɛk. 1 2017 wɛr ə ˈbɑdi wɑz faʊnd ˈθərzˌdeɪ naɪt. (ˈmɔrɪs ləˈmɑnt, ðə ˈləndən fri prɛs)
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city police detectives spent friday canvassing a london commercial plaza where a missing man’s body was found in his suv a day earlier.
police discovered the body of david hole, who had been reported missing nearly two weeks earlier, in a parking lot at wellington road and commissioners road east about 6 p.m. thursday.
“right now, continuing to investigate the circumstances surrounding mr. hole’s disappearance and his death,” said const. sandasha bough.
police released this photo of hole’s 2007 ford escape on nov. 20. his body was found thursday inside the vehicle parked in a plaza on the southwest corner of wellington road and commissioners road east.
hole, 53, was last seen in south london nov. 15, said police, who issued a missing person appeal five days later, saying his family was concerned for his welfare.
hole’s body was found in his 2009 ford escape, which was parked outside a retail centre housing several restaurants, a grocery store, cheque-cashing business and pharmacy.
an employee at one of the restaurants said he first noticed the suv parked in the lot on wednesday.
“but i didn’t notice anything suspicious about it,” said the man, who asked not to be identified.
it wasn’t until thursday night when police came into his work that the man said he gave a second thought to the suv.
“they basically just asked if i’d noticed the ford escape there,” the man said, adding that investigators also asked if the building has surveillance cameras.
the major crimes unit is handling the investigation.
an autopsy was performed friday to determine cause of death.
dcarruthers@postmedia.com
twitter.com/daleatlfpress
police vehicle in the parking lot at wellington street and commissioners road on friday, dec. 1, 2017 where a body was found thursday night. (morris lamont, the london free press)
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ˈwɑʧɪŋ ðə ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ kɪŋz meɪk ə rən æt ðə pleɪɔfs, ənd loʊər ðɛr 2017 ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ dræft pɪk, ɪz laɪk ˈwɑʧɪŋ ə ˈstudənt spɛnd ɔl hɪz aʊərz ˈpræktɪsɪŋ gɪˈtɑr soʊ ðət hi kən wɪn ðə haɪ skul ˈtælənt ʃoʊ. hi maɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli pʊl ɔf səm haɪ skul ˈglɔri, bət hɪz taɪm wʊd hæv bɪn məʧ ˈbɛtər spɛnt ˈstədiɪŋ ənd ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt wɛr hi wɪl bi ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪŋ frəm ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn faɪv jɪrz. ˈtælənt ʃoʊz ənd pleɪɔf bərθs kən bi ə lɔt əv fən fər ə naɪt ər tu. bət ˈlɔŋˌtərm ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ ˌmidiˈɑkrəti ənd ðə ˈgreɪvˌjɑrd ʃɪft æt ər noʊ fən æt ɔl. hərd ðɪs ˌbiˈfɔr: ðə ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ kɪŋz nid tɪ treɪd ˈbʊgi ˈkəzənz. ˈrutɪŋ fər ðə kɪŋz ənd ðɛr fænz. ɪf ðə kɪŋz meɪk ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ pleɪɔfs gɪt krəʃt əˈgɛnst ðə ˈwɔrjərz, lænd ðə pɪk ɪn ðə 2017 ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ dræft, ənd bi lɛft wɪθ wən mɔr jɪr ɔn ˈkɑnˌtrækt. liv fər fri ˈeɪʤənsi ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 2018 ənd ðə kɪŋz wɪl bi məʧ ˈfərðər əˈweɪ frəm ril ˈglɔri ðən ðeɪ ər naʊ. ðə kɪŋz nid tɪ treɪd ˈbʊgi. ˈbʊgi nidz ɪt, tu. ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ wərld wɔnts ɪt. bət wət, ɪgˈzæktli, dɪz ə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ wərld lʊk laɪk? mɔr spəˈsɪfɪkli, wət kən ðə 2017 ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ dræft du fər ðə kɪŋz? ðə gʊd nuz fər kɪŋz fænz ɪz ðət ðeɪ ər pəˈzɪʃənd tɪ teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ə dip dræft, ənd ðɛr wərld wɪl bi məʧ ˈdɪfərənt dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðɛr treɪd ˈpɑrtnər. ˌriəˈlɪstɪkli, ðə tu treɪd ˈpɑrtnərz ðət meɪk sɛns ər ðə ˈbɔstən ˈsɛltɪks ənd ðə ˈdɛnvər ˈnəgəts. haʊ iʧ əv ðiz tu sɪˈnɛrioʊz kʊd goʊ daʊn. 2017 ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ dræft sɪˈnɛrioʊ 1 ðə ˈsɛltɪks treɪd ðə ˈbrʊklɪn nets’*’ 2017 fərst raʊnd pɪk, braʊn, əˈmɪr ˈʤɑnsən, ənd ðə celtics’*’ 2018 fərst raʊnd pɪk fər ˈbʊgi. ˌbiˈfɔr wi pleɪ ðɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊ aʊt, ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ kɪŋz fænz ər ˈfilɪŋ. ðə 2018 ˈbrʊklɪn pɪk? ʤeɪ ˈkraʊdər ər ˈeɪvəri ˈbrædli? ˈbʊgi ɪz wərθ tu ˈæˌsɛts laɪk ə tɔp faɪv dræft pɪk ər ə jəŋ pleɪər hu ɪz ə jɪr ər tu əˈweɪ frəm ˈstɑrdəm; ər, wərθ wən jəŋ stɑr pleɪər laɪk maɪlz ˈtərnər ər ˈdɛvɪn ˈbʊkər. tu məʧ ənˈsərtənti wɪθ ˈætəˌtud ənd fri ˈeɪʤənsi ˈstætəs tɪ gɪv əp ɔl jʊr ˈæˌsɛts tɪ gɪt ɪm. ju wɔnt ˈbɔrdərˌlaɪn stɑr pleɪərz ɪn ðɛr praɪm laɪk ˈeɪvəri ər ʤeɪ. ˈɔsəm pleɪərz bət nɑt trænˈsɛndənt. ˈoʊnli hɛlp ðə kɪŋz wɪn geɪmz, wɪʧ ʃʊd nɑt bi ðə goʊl ɪn 2016 ˈsizən. ðə goʊl fər ðə kɪŋz ɪz tɪ grum jəŋ pleɪərz ər kəˈlɛkt ˈæˌsɛts ðət tərn ˈɪntu stɑr pleɪərz. ðɪs treɪd wʊd ˌgɛrənˈti ðə kɪŋz wər ə ˈbɑtəm 10 tim, ˈgɪvɪŋ ðɛm ə tɔp 10 pɪk. ðə ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə hæv ðə ʧæns tɪ swɑp pɪks wɪθ ðə kɪŋz, bət ðə ˈsɪksərz ər nɑt gʊd ənd wɪl bi ˈpɪkɪŋ ɪn ðə tɔp 6 ðə ˈbrʊklɪn nɛts ər nɑt ɛz ˈɔfəl ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd bət ər stɪl ə bæd tim ðət ɪz ˈfɑlɪŋ fæst. bi ˈbɑtəm 3 ənd ðɛr ɪz ə ʃɑt æt ɪt biɪŋ ðə 1 soʊ ɪn ðɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊ ˈlɛtɪŋ ðə kɪŋz gɪt ə ˈlɑtəri pɪk. gɪt ðə ənd pɪks ɪn ðə 2017 ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ dræft. mɪs ˈdræftɪŋ fʊlts, aʊt əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, bət wɪl græb ˈhɛri ʤaɪlz, frəm duk, wɪθ ðə pɪk ənd teɪk ðə wɪθ ðə pɪk: fɑks frəm kənˈtəki. əˈsumɪŋ ðə kɪŋz kən ʃɛd ˈvɛtərən ˈsæləriz, ðɛr ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈrɑstər ˈhɛdɪŋ ˈɪntu 2017 ˈsizən wʊd bi: fɑks bɛn məˈklɛmər braʊn ˈhɛri ʤaɪlz ˈwɪli ənd ðə bɛnʧ: ˈgɛrɪt ˈtɛmpəl ˈrɪʧərdsən ðɪs ɪz nɑt ə pleɪɔf tim, bət ɪt ɪz ən ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ tim ðət kɪŋz fænz wʊd ləv tɪ wɔʧ ənd si groʊ. ənd ðə kɪŋz wɪl bi ˈloʊdɪd wɪθ mɔr pɪks ɪn ðə 2018 ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ dræft. 2017 ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ dræft sɪˈnɛrioʊ 2 ðə ˈdɛnvər ˈnəgəts treɪd ʤəˈmɑl ˈməri, nɪˈkoʊlə, ənd ˈkɛnɪθ fər ˈbʊgi. ðɪs kʊd bi ə mɔr əˈtræktɪv ˈɔpʃən bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈtoʊtəli dɪˈpɛnd ɔn kɪŋz ˈdræftɪŋ pleɪərz. ɪz θroʊn ɪn tɪ meɪk ðə ˈsæləriz wərk. ðɪs treɪd sɪˈnɛrioʊ wʊd bi lɛs ˈpeɪnfəl fər kɪŋz ˈmænɪʤmənt bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wʊd hæv tu jəŋ pleɪərz tɪ prɑp əp naʊ. bət ðə kɪŋz ʃʊd du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðeɪ kən tɪ treɪd, ˈrudi geɪ, ər ˈɛni pleɪər ˈoʊvər 26 jɪrz oʊld. ɪn ðɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊ, ðə kɪŋz wʊd stɪl bi bæd ɪˈnəf tɪ lænd ə tɔp 7 pɪk ɪn ðə 2017 ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ dræft, ənd hæv ðɛm pɪk ˈʤeɪzən ˈteɪtəm, ɛf frəm duk. ˈtimɪŋ ˈteɪtəm ənd ˈməri təˈgɛðər wʊd bi ə ˈliθəl əˈfɛnsɪv fɔrs. ðɛr ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈrɑstər ˈhɛdɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə 2017 ˈsizən wʊd bi: ʤəˈmɑl ˈməri bɛn məˈklɛmər ˈʤeɪzən ˈteɪtəm nɪˈkoʊlə ˈwɪli ənd ðə bɛnʧ: ˈgɛrɪt ˈtɛmpəl ˈrɪʧərdsən ðə ˈdɛnvər ˈnəgəts sɪˈnɛrioʊ lʊks ðə moʊst əˈpilɪŋ bət ðə ˈsɛltɪks treɪd ˈɔfərz mɔr ˈstɑrdəm ˈəpˈsaɪd. ˈiðər wʊd bi ˈvæstli ˈbɛtər ðən ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈrɑstər əv ðə 2018 kɪŋz ɪf ðeɪ du nɑt treɪd ˈbʊgi naʊ.
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watching the sacramento kings make a run at the playoffs, and lower their 2017 nba draft pick, is like watching a straight-d student spend all his hours practicing guitar so that he can win the high school talent show. he might actually pull off some high school glory, but his time would have been much better spent studying and thinking about where he will be graduating from college in five years. talent shows and first-round playoff berths can be a lot of fun for a night or two. but longterm nba mediocrity and the graveyard shift at 7-eleven are no fun at all.
you’ve heard this before: the sacramento kings need to trade boogie cousins. rooting for the kings and their fans. if the kings make the nba playoffs they’ll get crushed against the warriors, land the 16th pick in the 2017 nba draft, and be left with one more year on boogie’s contract. he’ll leave for free agency in the summer of 2018, and the kings will be much further away from real glory than they are now.
the kings need to trade boogie. boogie needs it, too. everyone in the nba world wants it.
but what, exactly, does a post-boogie-trade nba world look like? more specifically, what can the 2017 nba draft do for the kings? the good news for kings fans is that they are positioned to take advantage of a deep draft, and their world will be much different depending on their trade partner. realistically, the two trade partners that make sense are the boston celtics and the denver nuggets. here’s how each of these two scenarios could go down.
2017 nba draft scenario 1: the celtics trade the brooklyn nets’ 2017 first round pick, jaylen brown, amir johnson, and the celtics’ 2018 first round pick for boogie.
before we play this scenario out, address the outrage kings fans are feeling. where’s the 2018 brooklyn pick? where’s jae crowder or avery bradley? boogie is worth two high-value assets like a top five draft pick or a young player who is a year or two away from stardom; or, he’s worth one young star player like myles turner or devin booker. too much uncertainty with boogie’s attitude and free agency status to give up all your franchise’s assets to get him. you want borderline star players in their prime like avery or jae. they’re awesome players but they’re not transcendent. they’ll only help the kings win games, which should not be the goal in 2016 season. the goal for the kings is to groom young players or collect assets that turno star players.
this trade would guarantee the kings were a bottom 10 team, giving them a top 10 pick. the philadelphia 76ers have the chance to swap picks with the kings, but the sixers are not good and will be picking in the top 6. the brooklyn nets are not as awful as expected but are still a bad team that is falling fast. they’ll be bottom 3, and there is a shot at it being the #1. so in this scenario letting the kings get a lottery pick. they’ll get the 3rd and 8th picks in the 2017 nba draft. they’ll miss drafting markelle fultz, pg out of washington, but will grab harry giles, pf from duke, with the 3rd pick and take the best-available pg with the 8th pick: de’aaron fox from kentucky.
assuming the kings can shed veteran salaries, their starting roster headingo 2017 season would be:
de’aaron fox
ben mclemore
jaylen brown
harry giles
willie cauley-stein
and the bench:
garrett temple
malachi richardson
skal labissiere
georgios papagiannis
this is not a playoff team, but it is an exciting team that kings fans would love to watch and see grow. and the kings will be loaded with more picks in the 2018 nba draft.
2017 nba draft scenario 2: the denver nuggets trade jamal murray, nikola jokic, and kenneth faried for boogie.
this could be a more attractive option because it totally depend on kings gm vlade divac drafting players. faried is thrown in to make the salaries work. this trade scenario would be less painful for kings management because they would have two young players to prop up now. but the kings should do everything they can to trade faried, rudy gay, or any player over 26 years old.
in this scenario, the kings would still be bad enough to land a top 7 pick in the 2017 nba draft, and have them pick jayson tatum, f from duke. teaming tatum and murray together would be a lethal offensive force.
their starting roster headingo the 2017 season would be:
jamal murray
ben mclemore
jayson tatum
nikola jokic
willie cauley-stein
and the bench:
garrett temple
malachi richardson
skal labissiere
georgios papagiannis
the denver nuggets scenario looks the most appealing but the celtics trade offers more stardom upside. either would be vastly better than the starting roster of the 2018 kings if they do not trade boogie now.
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mruby*, si++, ənd ˈtɛmplət ˈmæʤɪk fər ðə pæst fju deɪz bɪn traɪɪŋ maɪ hænd æt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈsɪmpəl geɪm ˈɪnʤən. ə ˈʧælənʤ ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlvz mæθ ənd ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ, tu ˈsəbʤɪkts aɪ ˈgreɪtli ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ. aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ˈərli ɔn ðət aɪ wʊd juz ˈrubi ɛz ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ. ˈprɪti məʧ maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ənd ɪts əˈbɪləˌti tɪ kriˈeɪt simz laɪk ɪt wʊd bi ˈhaɪli ˈjusfəl ɪn ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ˈjuzərz əv ðə ˈɪnʤən tɪ bi pərˈdəktɪv. ðə ˈnɔrməl ˈrubi ˌɪnˈtərprətər, əv kɔrs, wɛl ˈsutɪd tɪ weɪ tu bɪg ənd ˈhɛvi. ˈθæŋkfəli, əˈnəðər ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən kɔld, wɪʧ ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ bi juzd ɪn mɔr ˈkɑnˌtɛksts. ðət ˈmæʧɪz maɪ juz keɪs ˈprɪti wɛl, soʊ aɪ sɛt ɪt əp. naʊ, aɪ ˈnidɪd səm weɪ tɪ baɪnd ˈrubi ˈmɛθədz tɪ maɪ ˈneɪtɪv koʊd. aɪˈdili, bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ɪkˈspoʊz si++ ˈklæsɪz ənd ðɛr əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd ˈmɛθədz tɪ ˈrubi natively*. aɪ faʊnd ə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri kɔld ðət simd tɪ du wət aɪ ˈwɔntɪd, bət aɪ sun faʊnd ɪt hæd ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz. ðə ˈbɪgəst ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən wɑz haʊ ɪt ˈhændəld pərˈæmətər taɪps. wɪθ, jʊr ˈmɛθədz kən teɪk ints*,, strɪŋz, floʊts, ənd vɔɪd ˈpɔɪntərz. ðət sɪt wɛl wɪθ mi. vɔɪd ɪz ə ˈhɔrəbli ənˈseɪf ˈkɑnstrəkt. ɪt həz ɪts ˈjuzɪz, əv kɔrs, bət ˈrəðər hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ wɪθ ə bɪt mɔr taɪp ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ɪt sun bɪˈkeɪm klɪr ðət aɪ wʊd nid tɪ baɪt ðə ˈbʊlət ənd raɪt maɪ oʊn ˈlaɪbrɛˌri. ˈhoʊpfəli, aɪ kʊd meɪk juz əv si++ tɪ dɪˈzaɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ wɪθ ən ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ðət tu ˈtɛrəbəl. ˌoʊˈkeɪ, fərst əp, aɪ hæd tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt haʊ ðə hɛl dɪˈfaɪnd ˈneɪtɪv taɪp ˈʃɛrɪŋ. aɪ faʊnd ə fju ˈɑrtɪkəlz, wɪʧ hɛlpt mi ə bɪt, bət ðeɪ goʊ ɔn wət aɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈwɔntɪd tɪ du. ˈθæŋkfəli, ɪz ˈoʊpənˌsɔrs, soʊ aɪ kən rɛd ðə koʊd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ˈæftər ə bɪt əv ˈsərʧɪŋ aɪ faʊnd ðə ˈhɛdər ðɪs simd tɪ hæv wət aɪ ˈmækroʊ simz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪgˈzæktli laɪk wət aɪ wɔnt tɪ du. ðət ˈmækroʊ kɔlz aʊt tɪ ənd rɪˈtərnz ə stɑrts wɪθ ðə ˈmækroʊ soʊ wi noʊ ðət ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts səm ˈɑbʤɛkt. ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə ˈneɪtɪv ˈdætə taɪp. soʊ, wət meɪks ə ˈneɪtɪv ˈdætə ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈdɪfərənt frəm ə ˈrubi wən? wɛl, ʧɛk aʊt ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən: taɪp vɔɪd ˈdætə soʊ, wi hæv ən ˈɪnstəns ˈvɛriəbəl ˈteɪbəl kɔld wɪʧ aɪ si məʧ juz fər æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt. wi ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ə vɔɪd kɔld ˈdætə wɪʧ ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ə ˈpɔɪntər tɪ ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈneɪtɪv ˈræpɪŋ. simz ˈsɪmpəl ɪˈnəf. ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈmɛmbər ɪz əv taɪp* ˈθæŋkfəli, ðət taɪp ɪz dɪˈfaɪnd ə fju laɪnz əp: ˈkəstəm ˈdætə taɪp dɪˈskrɪpʃən. ˈdætə taɪp neɪm ʧɑr ˈdætə taɪp riˈlis ˈfəŋkʃən ˈpɔɪntər vɔɪd vɔɪd ˌoʊˈkeɪ, simz laɪk wi ʤɪst nid wən əv ðiz fər iʧ taɪp wi wɔnt tɪ ʃɛr wɪθ. simz laɪk ə ʤɑb fər ˈstætɪk ˈmɛmbərz. fərst, ðoʊ, aɪ wɔnt tɪ raɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ðət ˈfəŋkʃən. simz laɪk ə greɪt ʤɑb fər si++. ə ˈtɛmplət soʊ, aɪ nid ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət teɪks ɪn ə vɔɪd tɪ ə ˈgɪvɪn taɪp, ənd ðɛn friz ɪt. simz ˈprɪti ˈizi: ˈtɛmplət ti vɔɪd vɔɪd sɛlf ti taɪp ti sɛlf dɪˈlit taɪp greɪt. soʊ, naʊ aɪ ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ʤɪst du: klæs ˈvɛktər ˈpəblɪk ˈstætɪk "ˈvɛktər" ˈvɛktər ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ðɪs geɪv mi ən ˈɛrər: ˈɛrər: fər ˈstætɪk ˈdætə ˈmɛmbər əv taɪp' rikˈwaɪərz 'constexpr*' ˈstætɪk {"ˈvɛktər", &mrb::destructor_value<vector*>}; 1 ˈɛrər ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd. soʊ ðə ˈɑbviəs səˈluʃən ɪz tɪ æd ə, raɪt? wɛl, ˈmeɪbi, bət duɪŋ soʊ ʤɪst breɪks ɪt ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt weɪ. si, aɪ nid tɪ teɪk ə ˈpɔɪntər tɪ ðɪs ˈvælju, ənd (ɛz fɑr ɛz aɪ kən tɛl), lɛt ju du ðət. ðə ˈɛrər ˈmɛsɪʤ ˈæˌkʧuəli ʤɪst kleɪmd ðət ɪt hæd noʊ səʧ ˈmɛmbər wɪn aɪ traɪd tɪ teɪk ə ˈpɔɪntər, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ʤɪst ˈprɪnɪŋ ðə ˈvæljuz wərkt. ɑ wɛl. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfɪgjərd aʊt ðət nid tɪ ˌɪˈnɪʃəˌlaɪz ðɪs ˈmɛmbər ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈhɛdər faɪl. ˈpriviəsli, muvd ɔl ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃənz fər ðə ˈvɛktər klæs ˈɪntu ɪts ˈhɛdər, ˈæftər ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrks ɔn maɪ kəˈlɪʒən dɪˈtɛkʃən ˈælgərˌɪðəm ʃoʊd ðət aɪ wɑz peɪɪŋ ə ˈfɛrli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt pərˈfɔrməns ˈpɛnəlti fər ˈsərtən ˈvɛktər ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz nɑt ˈgɪtɪŋ inlined*. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, wɪn aɪ ˌɪˈnɪʃəˌlaɪzd ðə ˈmɛmbər ˈviə ðə ˈhɛdər, aɪ gɪt ə lɑrʤ əˈmaʊnt əv ˈdupləˌkeɪt ˈsɪmbəl ˈɛrərz. soʊ naʊ aɪ hæv ə faɪl, wɪʧ kənˈteɪnz ˈoʊnli ðə laɪnz: #ˌɪnˈklud "vector.hpp*" ˈvɛktər "ˈvɛktər" ˈvɛktər dɪˈtərmənɪŋ taɪps wɪθ ˌoʊˈkeɪ, soʊ naʊ aɪ hæv ə gʊd aɪˈdiə əv haʊ ðɪs ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ wərk. taɪps wɪθ ə ˈstætɪk ˈmɛmbər neɪmd ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi wɪθ. ˈəðərˌwaɪz, ðeɪ aren’t*. ɪt wʊd bi nis ɪf aɪ kʊd dɪˈtərmən ðɪs ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli. ˈθæŋkfəli, aɪ kən! fərst əp, raɪt ə ˈhɛlpər ˈtɛmplət tɪ dɪˈtərmən ɪf ə taɪp ti ɪz ˈikwəl tɪ ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri həz std::is_same<t*, ju> wɪʧ dɪz ɪgˈzæktli wət wi wɔnt. wi kən juz ðət tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ɑr: treɪts dɪˈtərmən ɪf ə ˈgɪvɪn taɪp ɪz ə ˈprɪti məʧ ʤɪst ə ˈhɛlpər ˈfəŋkʃən ˈtɛmplət ti ˈstætɪk ˈvælju ti ˈvælju ðɪs wərks bɪˈkəz ˈdɪfərənt hæv ˈdɪfərənt taɪps. soʊ is_data_type_struct<bool*> ɪz ə ˈdɪfərənt taɪp ðən> ðiz taɪps kən hæv ˈdɪfərənt ˈstætɪk ðɪs keɪs, tru ɪf ənd ˈoʊnli ɪf ti greɪt. naʊ wi kən raɪt əˈnəðər tɪ dɪˈtərmən ɪf ðɪs ɪz ə taɪp wi kən ʃɛr. tɪ du ðɪs, juz ðə weɪ ðɪs wərks ɪz ə bɪt ˈtrɪki. ˈbeɪsɪkli, həz ə taɪp ɪf ənd ˈoʊnli ɪf ɪts ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz tru. ˈəðərˌwaɪz, ɪt prəˈvaɪdz noʊ səʧ. wi kən juz ɪt tɪ kriˈeɪt ɛz ˈfɑloʊz. fərst, wi dɪˈfaɪn ðə dɪˈfɔlt ˈtɛmplət: taɪp treɪt wɪʧ dɪˈtərmənz ɪf ðɪs ɪz ə ˈɑbʤɛkt taɪp wi kən ʃɛr wɪθ. ˈtɛmplət ti ɪˈneɪbəl vɔɪd ˈstætɪk ˈvælju fɔls ðɪs teɪks tu ˈtɛmplət pərˈæmətərz, bət ðə fərst wən ɪz dɪˈfɔltɪd tɪ vɔɪd. soʊ, baɪ dɪˈfɔlt, ɪz ˈikwəl tɪ fɔls naʊ, wi dɪˈfaɪn ə ˈtɛmplət ˌspɛʃələˈzeɪʃən. ˈtɛmplət ti ti ti ˈvælju taɪp ˈstætɪk ˈvælju tru ðə weɪ ðɪs wərks ɪz kaɪnd əv ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd, ənd, ɪf biɪŋ ˈɑnəst, ə bɪt ənˈklɪr tɪ mi ɪn ˈsərtən ˈpleɪsɪz. ˈbeɪsɪkli, dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ə ˌspɛʃələˈzeɪʃən əv ðə ˈtɛmplət wi dɪˈklɛrd ˈərliər. ɪt həz wən ˈɑrgjəmənt, əv səm taɪp ti ðə ˌspɛʃələˈzeɪʃən həz tu ˈɑrgjəmənts, ti ənd soʊ, haʊ dɪz ɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli wərk? wɛl, ðə ki ɪz ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈɑrgjəmənt tɪ ðɪs ˈtɛmplət ˌspɛʃələˈzeɪʃən. rɪˈmɛmbər, ˈoʊnli ɪgˈzɪsts ɪf kənˈdɪʃən ɪz tru. ɪf ɪt, noʊ ::taɪp ˈmɛmbər. ɪf aɪ wər tɪ ˈsɪmpli du: fɔls taɪp kju aɪ wʊd gɪt ə kəmˈpaɪlər ˈɛrər: noʊ taɪp neɪmd 'taɪp' ɪn 'std::enable_if<false*, vɔɪd>' ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv, ˌsəbstɪˈtuʃən ˈfeɪljər ɪz nɑt ən ˈɛrər. soʊ ɪf ɑr kəmˈpaɪlər riˈzɑlv ʤɪst ʃrəg ɪts ˈʃoʊldərz ənd juz ðə dɪˈfɔlt ˈtɛmplət. naʊ, ju meɪ bi ˈwəndərɪŋ waɪ wi du: ˈtɛmplət ti ˈstætɪk ˈvælju ti ˈvælju wɛl, ðə ˈprɑbləm hir ɪz ðə decltype(t::mrb_type*) wət ɪf ɪgˈzɪst? ðə kəmˈpaɪlər goʊz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈvərʒən əv ɪt kən ˈæˌkʧuəli juz, bət ɪt faɪnd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ðɪs rɪˈzəlts ɪn ə ˌkɑmpəˈleɪʃən ˈfeɪljər. ˈminˌwaɪl, wɪθ ɑr ərˈɪʤənəl ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən, ðə kəmˈpaɪlər kən wəns əˈgɛn faɪnd ðə dɪˈfɔlt ˈvælju. greɪt. naʊ, dɪˈfaɪn wən læst ˈtɛmplət tɪ dɪˈtərmən ɪf ə ˈgɪvɪn taɪp kən bi ʃɛrd wɪθ æt ɔl. ˈprɪmɪtɪv taɪps ˌɪnˈklud ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhændəl ənd ər goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv tɪ weɪt fər əˈnəðər blɔg poʊst. wi hæv ə lɪst əv taɪps wi kən ˈhændəl, soʊ ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ðɪs ɪz ˈizi: taɪp treɪt wɪʧ dɪˈtərmənz ɪf ðɪs ɪz ˈɛni taɪp wi kən ʃɛr wɪθ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈprɪmɪtɪv taɪps səʧ ɛz,, ənd soʊ ɔn. ˈtɛmplət ti ˈstætɪk ˈvælju ti ˈvælju ti ˈvælju ti ˈvælju ti ˈvælju strɪŋ ti ˈvælju ʧɑr ti ˈvælju greɪt. naʊ wi hæv ə ˈprɪti gʊd beɪs. ɪkˈspænd ɔn ɪt! ˈɑbʤɛkts tɪ ˈvælju taɪps æt ðə kɔr əv ɪz ðə taɪp. ɪt ræps ˈɛni kaɪnd əv ˈɑbʤɛkt kən ˈhændəl, ənd ɪz ˈɔfən pæst əraʊnd. ɪt wʊd bi nis ɪf wi kʊd meɪk səm kənˈvərʒən ˈfəŋkʃənz tɪ tərn ˈdɪfərənt si++ taɪps ˈɪntu ˈmeɪbi ə ˈfəŋkʃən ðət teɪks ən ənd səm taɪp wi kən ʃɛr wɪθ ˈrubi (bi ɪt wən əv ðə taɪps wi dɪˈfaɪnd ər ə ˈprɪmɪtɪv) ənd rɪˈtərnz ən. ˈθæŋkfəli, wɪθ si++, ðɪs ɪz ˈizi. kaɪnd əv. wəns əˈgɛn, goʊɪŋ tɪ juz ðɪs taɪm, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, goʊɪŋ tɪ juz ðə ˈvərʒən. ɪn ðɪs ˈvərʒən, ðə ˈsɛkənd pərˈæmətər ɪz ðə taɪp tɪ juz fər ɪf ti ɪz tru. soʊ std::enable_if<true*, ɪz ˈikwəl tɪ ənd std::enable_if<false*, ɪgˈzɪst. wi kən juz ðɪs tɪ ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz ɑr ˈfəŋkʃən. ən ɪgˈzæmpəl wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli meɪk ɪt mɔr klɪr: ˈtɛmplət ti ti ˈvælju taɪp ti aɪ rɪˈtərn aɪ rɪˈtərnz, ɛz ðə neɪm ˌɪmˈplaɪz, tru ɪf ti ɪz səm kaɪnd əv ˈɪnəgrəl, ənd fɔls ˈəðərˌwaɪz. naʊ, seɪ wi meɪk ðɪs kɔl: væl 1000 ðə kəmˈpaɪlər lʊks fər ə ˈsutəbəl ˌspɛʃələˈzeɪʃən əv ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ti ɪz ˈikwəl tɪ std::is_integral<int*> rɪˈtərnz tru, soʊ ðə ˈpriviəs ˈoʊvərˌloʊd həz ə ˈvaɪəbəl rɪˈtərn taɪp əv ˈminˌwaɪl, ɪf wi du: væl ðə kəmˈpaɪlər əˈgɛn lʊks fər ə ˈsutəbəl ˈoʊvərˌloʊd, bət faɪndz nən. wi ðɛn gɪt ðə ˈrɛlətɪvli nis ˈɛrər ˈmɛsɪʤ əv ˈmæʧɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃən tɪ kɔl fər to_value”*”. ɪt ˈivɪn ˌɪnˈkludz ə lɪst əv ˈoʊvərˌloʊdz ɪt faʊnd non-viable*, tɪ meɪk diˈbəgɪŋ ə bɪt ˈiziər! naʊ, wɪθ ðət aʊt əv ðə weɪ, wi kən dɪˈfaɪn səm mɔr kənˈvərʒənz: ˈtɛmplət ti ti ˈvælju taɪp ti aɪ rɪˈtərn aɪ noʊ nid tɪ ˈtɛmplət ðɪs, sɪns ɪt ˈoʊnli wərks fər strɪŋz! strɪŋ ɛs rɪˈtərn ɛs ɛs lɛŋθ ˈkɑnvərt ə taɪp ˈɪntu ən ˈɑbʤɛkt. noʊt ðət wi kən ˈoʊnli ˈkɑnvərt ˈɑbʤɛkts æt ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈmoʊmənt, ənd ˈkænɑt ˈhændəl ˈpɔɪntərz æt ɔl. ðət ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ sun, hopefulyl*! ˈtɛmplət ti treɪts ti ˈvælju ti ˈvælju taɪp ti taɪp ti ˈvælju klæs taɪp wi kriˈeɪt ə ˈkɑpi hir ti ɛn nu ti rɪˈtərn klæs taɪp ɛn naʊ, ˈæˌkʧuəli ə smɔl ˈprɑbləm hir. si, ɪz tru ðɪs ɪz bɪˈkəz ər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ɛz ˈɪntəʤərz ɪn si, ənd ɪn moʊst ˈhɑrdˌwɛr. ɪn ˈrubi, ðoʊ, ðɪs ɪz nɑt ðə keɪs. soʊ, tɪ fɪks ɪt, fərst ˌdɪsəˈlaʊ frəm ˈjuzɪŋ ɑr ˈɪnəgrəl ˈoʊvərˌloʊd: ˈtɛmplət ti ti ˈvælju ti ˈvælju taɪp ti aɪ rɪˈtərn aɪ ənd æd ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈoʊvərˌloʊd fər: bi rɪˈtərn bi ðət wɑz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ, bət ˈprɪti ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd. ɪz ˈpaʊərfəl, bət sɔrt əv ˈəgli tɪ juz. ˈhoʊpfəli, æt səm pɔɪnt, ˈkɑnsɛpts ər ˈfaɪnəli goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ðə si++ ˈstændərd. ɪf ðət ˈɛvər ˈhæpənz, ˈfɛrli ˈsərtən wi kʊd ˌriˈpleɪs ɔl ðət ˈtɛmplət wɪθ stəf laɪk: ˈɪnəgrəl aɪ rɪˈtərn aɪ məʧ mɔr ˈridəbəl, ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt ɛˈsɛnʃəli wərks ðə seɪm ˈəndər ðə hʊd. soʊ fɑr ðɪs həz bɪn ˈprɪti fən, ˈæˌkʧuəli. aɪ ˈdɛfənətli geɪv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈsɛvərəl ˈhɛˌdeɪks traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ɔl ðɪs stəf, bət bɪn ˈrɪli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ æt ðə seɪm taɪm. ˈbaɪndɪŋ ˈmɛθədz, pɑrt 1 teɪk ə bɪt əv ə ˈditʊr hir ənd tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈmɛθədz. ɔl ˈmɛθədz ər əv ðə fɔrm: ˈmɛθəd sɛlf ðə neɪmz ər ˈprɪti self-explanatory*. ðə fərst pərˈæmətər ɪz ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌɪnˈtərprətər steɪt, ənd ðə ˈsɛkənd pərˈæmətər ɪz ðə ˈvælju ðɪs ˈmɛθəd ɪz biɪŋ kɔld ɔn. kˈwɪkli ðət: ˈkɔləbəl soʊ, haʊ du wi gɪt pərˈæmətərz tɪ ɑr ˈfəŋkʃən? wɛl, fər ðət, wi nid haʊ dɪz ðət wərk? wɛl, stɑrt wɪθ ɪts ˈsɪgnəʧər: ʧɑr ˈfɔrˌmæt ˌoʊˈkeɪ. nɑt ˈsupər ˈhɛlpfəl. ɪt lʊks səˈspɪʃəsli laɪk ðə ˈsɪgnəʧər fər printf*, ˈæˌkʧuəli. wɛl, ˈθæŋkfəli ɪt həz səm ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən: rɪˈtriv ˈɑrgjəmənts frəm. wɪn ˈæpləkəbəl, ˌɪmˈplɪsət kənˈvərʒənz (səʧ ɛz `to_str*`, `to_ary*`, `to_hash*`) ər əˈplaɪd tɪ rɪˈsivd ˈɑrgjəmənts. juzd ˌɪnˈsaɪd ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv taɪp. ðə ˈkɑrənt steɪt. ˈfɔrˌmæt [mrb_args_format*] ɪz ə lɪst əv ˈfɔrˌmæt ðə ˈpæsɪŋ ˈɑrgjəmənts məst bi ə ˈpɔɪntər əv riˈtrivɪŋ taɪp. @rɪˈtərn ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈɑrgjəmənts riˈtrivd. @si oʊ, soʊ ɪt dɪz wərk laɪk printf*. wɛl, aɪ naʊ nid tɪ ˈsəmˌhaʊ kəm əp wɪθ ə weɪ tɪ du ðɪs ɪn ə ˈtɛmplət, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ kənˈstrəktɪŋ ðə ˈfɔrˌmæt strɪŋ ənd ˈfaɪndɪŋ səm weɪ tɪ pæs ðə raɪt ˈnəmbər əv pərˈæmətərz. ˌoʊˈkeɪ, du ðɪs. ˈfɔrˌmæt ɪt simz laɪk ðə raɪt pleɪs tɪ stɑrt ɪz tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt haʊ tɪ tərn ə ˈsɪŋgəl taɪp ˈɪntu ðə raɪt ˈkɛrɪktər. ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈkɛrɪktərz ər ˈfɛrli wɛl ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd: ˈfɔrˌmæt fər {mrb_get_args*} ˈfəŋkʃən məst bi ə si strɪŋ kəmˈpoʊzd əv ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈfɔrˌmæt: ʧɑr ˈrubi taɪp si taɪps noʊts `oʊ` {ˈɑbʤɛkt} {mrb_value*} kʊd bi juzd tɪ rɪˈtriv ˈɛni taɪp əv ˈɑrgjəmənt `si` {class}/{module*} {mrb_value*} `ɛs` {strɪŋ} {mrb_value*} wɪn ˈfɑloʊz, ðə ˈvælju meɪ bi `nɪl` `ə` {əreɪ} {mrb_value*} wɪn ˈfɑloʊz, ðə ˈvælju meɪ bi `nɪl` `eɪʧ` {hæʃ} {mrb_value*} wɪn ˈfɑloʊz, ðə ˈvælju meɪ bi `nɪl` `ɛs` {strɪŋ} ʧɑr {mrb_int*} rɪˈsiv tu ˈɑrgjəmənts; `ɛs!` gɪvz fər `nɪl` `zi` {strɪŋ} ʧɑr `nəl` ˈtərməˌneɪtɪd strɪŋ; `zi!` gɪvz `nəl` fər `nɪl` `ə` {əreɪ} {mrb_value*} {mrb_int*} rɪˈsiv tu ˈɑrgjəmənts; `ə!` gɪvz fər `nɪl` `ɛf` {floʊt} {mrb_float*} `aɪ` {ˈɪntəʤər} {mrb_int*} `bi` buˈliən {mrb_bool*} `ɛn` {ˈsɪmbəl} {mrb_sym*} blɑk {mrb_value*} rɛst ˈɑrgjəmənts {mrb_value*} {mrb_int*} rɪˈsiv ðə rɛst əv ˈɑrgjəmənts ɛz ən əreɪ. ˈɔpʃənəl ˈæftər ðɪs spɛk ˈfɑloʊɪŋ spɛks wʊd bi ˈɔpʃənəl. ˈɔpʃənəl ˈgɪvɪn {mrb_bool*} `tru` ɪf priˈsidɪŋ ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz ˈgɪvɪn. juzd tɪ ʧɛk ˈɔpʃənəl ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz ˈgɪvɪn. @si ˈgɑʧə. soʊ ðɪs kwaɪt ɛz bæd ɛz ɪt ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəli kʊd bi. wɛl, fərst ɔf, raɪt səm ðət gɪt ʤɪst wən ˈkɛrɪktər. wi kən juz fər ðɪs wən əˈgɛn. fərst, ɑr beɪs ˈtɛmplət: ˈtɛmplət ti vɔɪd ˌoʊˈkeɪ, naʊ æd fər ðə taɪps. gɪv ðə ə ˈmɛmbər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðɛr ˈkɛrɪktər ˈvælju. oʊ ɪz fər ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈtɛmplət ti ti treɪts ti ˈvælju taɪp ˈstætɪk ˈɔtoʊ ˈvælju 'oʊ' ɛf ɪz fər floʊt ˈtɛmplət ti ti ti ˈvælju taɪp ˈstætɪk ˈɔtoʊ ˈvælju 'ɛf' aɪ ɪz fər ˈɪntəʤər ˈtɛmplət ti ti ti ˈvælju ti ˈvælju taɪp ˈstætɪk ˈɔtoʊ ˈvælju 'aɪ' bi ɪz fər ˈtɛmplət ti ti ti ˈvælju taɪp ˈstætɪk ˈɔtoʊ ˈvælju 'bi' si++ kən teɪk ə ˈvɛriəbəl ˈnəmbər əv ˈɑrgjəmənts. wi kən juz ðɪs tɪ ɑr ædˈvæntɪʤ hir. dɪˈfaɪn wən ˈtɛmplət ðət teɪks ən ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri ˈnəmbər əv ˈɑrgjəmənts. ɪt wɪl ðɛn teɪk ðoʊz ˈɑrgjəmənts, pæs ðɛm tɪ ðə ˈtɛmplət wi dɪˈfaɪnd ˈərliər, ənd pʊt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪn wən strɪŋ. ɛz ɪt tərnz aʊt, ðɪs ɪz ˈprɪti ˈsɪmpəl: ˈtɛmplət ˈstætɪk ʧɑr ˈvælju ˈtɛmplət ʧɑr ˈvælju ˈvælju 0 ðə weɪ ðɪs wərks ɪz dɪˈsɛptɪvli ˈsɪmpəl. ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɑrt ɪz ðə ɪn (param_char<args>::value*)... ðɪs tɛlz ðə ɑr kəmˈpaɪlər tɪ ɪkˈspænd ðə lɪst əv ˈtɛmplət ˈɑrgjəmənts ˈɪntu ðɛr ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈvæljuz. soʊ, ɪf wi du param_format_string<double*,,> ɪt wɪl trænzˈleɪt tɪ param_char<double>::value*, param_char<int>::value*, param_char<nm::vector>::value*, 0 ðɪs lɛts ˈjuˈɛs ˈkɑnstrəkt ðə ˈprɑpər ˈfɔrˌmæt æt kəmˈpaɪl taɪm! ðɪs ɪz kɔld pæk ɪkˈspænʧən, ənd wi juz ɪt tɪ rather…*… dɪsˈgəstɪŋ ˈifɛkts ˈleɪtər ɔn. ˌoʊˈkeɪ, ˈɔntu ɑr nɛkst trɪk: ˈbaɪndɪŋ ˈmɛθədz 2 kəmˈpaɪl taɪm ˈræpərz stɑrt tɪ raɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət baɪndz ˈmɛθədz! rɪˈmɛmbər, ɔl ˈfəŋkʃənz nid tɪ teɪk ən ənd ən ənd rɪˈtərn əˈnəðər aɪ θɪŋk wi wɔnt tɪ raɪt ɔl ɑr si++ ˈmɛθədz laɪk ðət, soʊ hæv tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ˈtrænsˌleɪts ˈfəŋkʃənz əv ðət fɔrm tɪ ˈfəŋkʃənz əv ðə ˈprɑpər wən æt. ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ ˈprɑpərli du ðɪs ɪz tɪ raɪt ə ˈtɛmplət ðət ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts ə ˈfəŋkʃən kən ˌəndərˈstænd, bət wɪʧ ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli kɔlz ə ˈneɪtɪv si++ ˈmɛθəd wɪθ ðə raɪt ˈɑrgjəmənt taɪps. fərst ɔf, wi noʊ ðət goʊɪŋ tɪ bi duɪŋ ˈəðər, ˈsɪmələr θɪŋz tɪ trænzˈleɪt ˈneɪtɪv si++ ˈɑbʤɛkts ˈɪntu. meɪk ə tɪ kənˈteɪn ɔl ðiz trænzˈleɪtər fər səm taɪp ti ti trænzˈleɪtər treɪts ti ˈvælju "kən ˈoʊnli trænzˈleɪt ʃɛrd ˈneɪtɪv taɪps!" wi wɪl dɪˈfaɪn ɔl ɑr ˈəðər ˈstrəkʧərz ˈəndər ðɪs. ˌoʊˈkeɪ, soʊ naʊ wi nid tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈtɛmplət tɪ æd ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈmɛθədz. ɪn si++, ˈmɛθədz kən hæv ˈoʊvərˌloʊdɪd ˈɑrgjəmənt taɪps, soʊ wi ˈrɪli dɪˈdus wɪʧ ˈvərʒən wi wɔnt tɪ ɪkˈspoʊz tɪ æt kəmˈpaɪl taɪm. aɪ ˈfɪgjərd ðə bɛst səˈluʃən tɪ ðɪs wʊd bi tɪ hæv ˈjuzərz pæs ɪn ðə pərˈæmətər lɪsts ɪkˈsplɪsətli. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ pæs ɪn ðə rɪˈtərn taɪp. aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz ˈtɛknɪkəli ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri, bət aɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt ə weɪ tɪ əˈvɔɪd ɪt. soʊ, fər naʊ, tɪ baɪnd ə ˈmɛθəd ju məst ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ɪts ˈfɔrˌmæt əˈgɛn. ˈtɛmplət ti ˈmɛθəd ˌoʊˈkeɪ, soʊ fɑr soʊ gʊd. goʊɪŋ tɪ nid tɪ rɪˈfər tɪ ˈmɛθədz əv ðɪs ˈfɔrˌmæt ˈməltəpəl taɪmz waɪl wi raɪt ðɪs. fər kənˈvinjəns, dɪˈfaɪn ə ˌəndərˈniθ ɑr tɪ meɪk ðət ˈiziər: rɛt ti ɛz ju kən si, ˈsɪnˌtæks fər ˈmɛθəd ˈpɔɪntərz ɪz kaɪnd əv ˈnæsti. ˈθæŋkfəli, wi kən naʊ juz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðət hoʊl mɛs. naʊ wi wɔnt tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ baɪnd spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈmɛθədz. tɪ du ðɪs, goʊɪŋ tɪ nid tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ən ˈfəŋkʃən wɪʧ kɔlz ɑr ˈmɛθəd. aɪ θɪŋk ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ du ðɪs ɪz wɪθ əˈnəðər ˈtɛmplət, soʊ nɛst əˈnəðər:> ˈbaɪndər ˈpraɪvət: ˈstætɪk *mrb*, sɛlf) naʊ, ˈmɛθəd nidz tɪ teɪk ɪn ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts frəm, ˈkɑnvərt ðɛm tɪ ðə raɪt ˈɑrgjəmənt taɪps, kɔl ðə ˈmɛθəd, ˈkɑnvərt ðə rɪˈtərn ˈvælju ˈɪntu ən ənd rɪˈtərn ðɪs ˌoʊˈkeɪ, ðɪs bi ðət bæd. ˈɑrgjəmənts frəm teɪk ðɪs wən stɛp æt ə taɪm, ʃæl wi? ɑr fərst kənˈsərn ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɑrgjəmənts frəm. ɪf ju rɪˈmɛmbər frəm ˈərliər ɪn ðɪs blɔg poʊst, wən kən əbˈteɪn ðoʊz θru ðə juz əv wɪʧ teɪks ɪn ə ˈfɔrˌmæt strɪŋ ənd ə lɪst əv ˈpɔɪntərz tɪ ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt taɪps wɔnts tɪ fɪl. wi ɔˈrɛdi dɪd ðə ˈfɔrˌmæt strɪŋ, soʊ æd ðət ɪn: ˈstætɪk ˈmɛθəd sɛlf strɪŋ ˈfɔrˌmæt ˈvælju greɪt. naʊ, wi ˈɔlsoʊ nid tɪ pæs ə lɪst əv ˈpɔɪntərz tɪ loʊˈkeɪʃənz ɪn wɪʧ wi ər ˈstɔrɪŋ ðoʊz ˈɑrgjəmənts. soʊ ɪf wi wɔnt tɪ teɪk ɪn ə ˈdəbəl ən ənd ən wi nid tɪ prəˈvaɪd ən ən ənd ə wi ðɛn nid tɪ ˈkɑnvərt ðoʊz ˈvæljuz ˈɪntu ə ˈdəbəl ən ənd ən fər juz ɪn ɑr si++ koʊd. ðɪs simz laɪk ə gʊd ʤɑb fər ə ˈhɛlpər. ðɪs ˈhɛlpər kən bi beɪst ɔn ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt taɪp, ənd prəˈvaɪd ðə kərˈɛkt valus*. neɪm ɪt ə ɪt ʃʊd hæv ə ˈmɛθəd tɪ gɪt ə ˈpɔɪntər tɪ ˈrɛləvənt ˈstɔrɪʤ, ənd wən tɪ gɪt bæk ðə dɪˈzaɪərd taɪp. wi kən wəns əˈgɛn juz tɪ ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz ɑr. stɑrt wɪθ ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈsɪmpəl ənd raɪt wən fər ˈɪntəʤərz. ˌspɛʃələˈzeɪʃən fər ˈɪnəgrəl taɪps ˈtɛmplət ti ti ti ˈvælju taɪp aɪ ˈɑpərˌeɪtər ti rɪˈtərn ti aɪ vɔɪd rɪˈtərn vɔɪd aɪ ðɪs wərks ˈprɪti wɛl. ɪf wi kɔl() ɪt prəˈvaɪdz ə vɔɪd ðət pɔɪnts tɪ ən ʤɪst laɪk wi ˈwɔntɪd. wi ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈfaɪn ə kənˈvərʒən ˈɑpərˌeɪtər ðət wi kən juz tɪ ˈkɑnvərt bæk tɪ ˌwəˈtɛvər ti moʊst ˈkeɪsɪz ən, bət ˈmeɪbi ə lɔŋ ər ə ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli. wi kən ðɛn dɪˈfaɪn ə bənʧ əv ˈfərðər, wɪʧ wi ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ɔn hir. naʊ, wi kən ˈfaɪnəli æd əˈnəðər laɪn tɪ ɑr ˈmɛθəd ˈtɛmplət ˈfəŋkʃən: ti ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs wɪl ɪkˈspænd aʊt ðə ˈtɛmplət ˈɑrgjəmənt. soʊ ɪf ˈbaɪndɪŋ ə ˈmɛθəd wɪθ ˈɑrgjəmənts əv ˈdəbəl, ðɪs bɪˈkəmz (ˈæftər ɪkˈspænʧən) ˈdəbəl ti ɪz ə kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˌhɛtərəˈʤinjəs values.”*.” ɪn ˈnɔrməl ˈɪŋlɪʃ, ðɪs minz ðət ɪt ə bənʧ əv ˈvæljuz əv ˈpɑsəbli ˈdɪfərənt taɪps wɪθ ə ˈgɪvɪn order.”*.” ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ə bənʧ əv əv ɪn ə lɪst. ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt θɪŋ ɪz ðət ðə lɪst ɪz ə kəmˈpaɪl taɪm lɪst. ju juz tɪ gɪt ðə fərst ˈɛləmənt əv ðə lɪst, ju juz std::get<1>(tuple*) ðət minz ðət wi kən ˈoʊvər ðə ˈvæljuz æt kəmˈpaɪl taɪm, ənd pæs iʧ ˈvælju ˈɪntu haʊ? wɛl, wi kən juz bi ril hir, haʊ ðɪs wərks ɪz ˈfrikɪŋ groʊs. ˈbeɪsɪkli, ɪt kriˈeɪts ə ˈvɛriəbəl ˈɑrgjəmənt lɪst, ˈkaʊntɪŋ ˈəpwərdz. ɪn ðɪs keɪs, wi wɔnt ə lɪst əv ɔl ðə ˈɪndɛksɪz əv ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt. soʊ, kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ɑr ˈdəbəl, keɪs, wi wɔnt ə lɪst əv ˈɪntəʤərz ðət lʊks laɪk 0 1 rɪˈmɛmbər, ðɪs ɪz ə lɪst, soʊ wi kən juz ɪt wɪθ! wi kən əbˈteɪn ðɪs lɪst wɪθ std::index_sequence_for<args*...>{} ðɪs əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ raɪt əˈnəðər ˈhɛlpər ˈmɛθəd: ˈtɛmplət klæs ˈɪndɛksɪz ˈstætɪk vɔɪd strɪŋ ˈfɔrˌmæt ti ˈɪndɛksɪz ˈfɔrˌmæt gɪt ˈɪndɛksɪz ti noʊ, noʊ, ʧɪl aʊt. ðɪs ðət bæd. ə bɪt dɪsˈgəstɪŋ, bət nɑt dɑrk ˈmæʤɪk. ðə fərst ˈtɛmplət ˈɑrgjəmənt, ɪgˈzɪsts soʊ wi kən teɪk ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri taɪps. soʊ, ɪn ɑr ˈdəbəl, keɪs, ðɪs ɪz taɪp std::tupe<conversion_helper<double*>, conversion_helper<int*>> ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz wɛr θɪŋz gɪt ˈklɛvər. ˈpriviəsli, wi juzd std::index_sequence_for<args*...>{} tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ən ˈɪndɛks ˈsikwəns. kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ðə ˈdəbəl, ɪgˈzæmpəl, wi ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd 1 wɪn wi pæs ðɪs ɛz ðə læst ˈɑrgjəmənt əv ðə kəmˈpaɪlər siz ðət ˈɪndɛksɪz məst bi ˈikwəl tɪ 0 1 ɪt ðɛn fɪlz ɪn ðə ˈtɛmplət ˈɑrgjəmənt ˈɪndɛksɪz wɪθ ðə ˈvæljuz əv 0 1 naʊ, ɪn ðə ˈækʧəwəl kɔl, wi juz (std::get<indexes>(t).to_ptr*())... ðə ˈkɔzɪz ə ˈtɛmplət ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪkˈspænʧən, ʤɪst ɛz ˌbiˈfɔr. ðɪs taɪm, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪkˈspændɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈtɛmplət ˈɑrgjəmənt ˈɪndɛksɪz soʊ, ɪn ðə ˈdəbəl, keɪs, ðɪs ɪkˈspændz aʊt tɪ mrb_get_args(mrb*, format.c_str*(), (std::get<0>(t).to_ptr*()), (std::get<1>(t).to_ptr*())) ɪn ˈifɛkt, ðɪs minz ðət wi pæs ðə fər ɔl ɑr ˈɑrgjəmənts tɪ ˈfɪlɪŋ ðɛm ɔl aʊt! ˈɑrgjəmənts bæk tɪ si++ naʊ, tɪ ˈkɑnvərt bæk ˈɪntu si++ ˈvæljuz, wi ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli nid tɪ juz ən* ðɪs ɪz ˈmoʊstli tru fər ˈneɪtɪv taɪps ɪz ˈhændəlɪŋ. aɪ roʊt ə ˈfəŋkʃən wɪʧ ˈjuzɪz ðə seɪm pərˈæmətər pæk ɪkˈspænʧən tɪ sɛt ðə ˈmɛmbər əv iʧ nɑt ˈrɪli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ðɪs blɔg poʊst, soʊ goʊɪŋ tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr ɪt fər naʊ. soʊ, æd mɔr laɪnz hir: ˈfɔrˌmæt ti ti ˌoʊˈkeɪ, soʊ naʊ wi nid ən ˈɑbʤɛkt tɪ kɔl ðɪs ˈmɛθəd ɔn. ræpt ɪn ðə sɛlf pərˈæmətər əv ðɪs ˈfəŋkʃən, soʊ wi kən ʤɪst græb ðə ˈpɔɪntər frəm ðət: vɔɪd pi sɛlf ti ˈvælju ti ɛs ti pi greɪt. naʊ, wi nid tɪ raɪt ə ˈfəŋkʃən tɪ meɪk ðə kɔl. ðət nidz tɪ ɪkˈspænd ɑr ˈaʊtwərdz wəns mɔr, soʊ wi kən juz ðə trɪk əˈgɛn: rɛt ri ɛs ti ənd ðə sɔrs əv ˈtɛmplət klæs ˈɪndɛksɪz ˈstætɪk rɛt ti sɛlf ɛf ti ˈɪndɛksɪz rɪˈtərn sɛlf ɛf gɪt ˈɪndɛksɪz ti greɪt. naʊ, wi ɔˈrɛdi hæv ə ˈfəŋkʃən dɪˈfaɪnd ˈərliər, soʊ wi kən ʤɪst juz ðət tɪ meɪk ən frəm ɑr rɪˈtərn ˈvælju: rɪˈtərn ri naʊ, raɪt ə ˈfəŋkʃən tɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli baɪnd ðə ˈmɛθədz ˈɪntu. wi nid ən fər ðət, ɛz wɛl ɛz ə neɪm tɪ gɪt ðə klæs ˈəndər. vɔɪd baɪnd strɪŋ neɪm ɛf ˈmɛθəd neɪm ɛf greɪt! dɪˈfaɪn ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn ʤɪst ə ˈmoʊmənt. ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ əp ˌoʊˈkeɪ, goʊ bæk tɪ ðə trænzˈleɪtər ˈtɛmplət. rikˈwaɪərz ju tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ˈklæsɪz fər jʊr ˈɑbʤɛkts, ənd tɪ gɪv ðoʊz ˈklæsɪz ə neɪm. ðə* wi dɪˈfaɪnd fər ɑr ˈklæsɪz ɔˈrɛdi dɪˈfaɪnz ə neɪm, soʊ wi kən ʤɪst juz ðət: ˈstætɪk vɔɪd ti ˈvælju ðɪs ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə gʊd taɪm tɪ raɪt ðə ˈfəŋkʃən frəm ˈərliər: ˈstætɪk rɪˈtərn ti ˈvælju ˈɔsəm. naʊ, wi kən ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ ðə koʊd wi juzd tɪ baɪnd ˈmɛθədz ə bɪt tɪ kriˈeɪt ə kənˈstrəktər ˈbaɪndər: ˈtɛmplət kənˈstrəktər ˈstætɪk vɔɪd baɪnd ɛf væl əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ du tɪ ˈkɑnstrəkt ə nu ˈɑbʤɛkt "nu" ɛf ˈpraɪvət ˈstætɪk væl sɛlf strɪŋ ˈfɔrˌmæt ˈvælju ti trænzˈleɪtər ti ˈfɔrˌmæt ti trænzˈleɪtər ti ti ti kənˈstrəktɪd ti rɪˈtərn ti ˈvælju vɔɪd kənˈstrəktɪd ˈtɛmplət klæs ˈɪndɛksɪz ˈstætɪk ti ti ˈɪndɛksɪz rɪˈtərn nu ti gɪt ˈɪndɛksɪz ti greɪt! wi ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈfaɪn ə ˈəndər ˈmɛθəd tɪ ˈhændəl ˈmɛθədz mɑrkt ðɪs ɪz ˈprɪti məʧ ɪn ðə ˈækʧəwəl sɔrs, soʊ aɪ du ðət hir. naʊ, lʊk æt ə kwɪk ˈjusɪʤ ɪgˈzæmpəl: ˈjusɪʤ baɪnd ɑr ˈvɛktər klæs ˈɪntu. fərst, wi æd ðə tɪ ɪt: klæs ˈvɛktər ˈpəblɪk ˈstætɪk greɪt! naʊ, wi kən raɪt ə ˈbaɪndər ˈfəŋkʃən. ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst ə ˈnɔrməl ˈfəŋkʃən wɪθ baɪndz ɑr klæs ˈɪntu səm ˈɪnstəns əv. vɔɪd ˈvɛktər ˈjuzɪŋ ˈjuzɪŋ ti trænzˈleɪtər ˈvɛktər ti ti kənˈstrəktər ˈdəbəl ˈdəbəl baɪnd ˈjuzɪŋ ti ˈmɛθəd ˈdəbəl ˈvɛktər baɪnd "ɛks" ˈvɛktər baɪnd "ɛks" ˈjuzɪŋ ˈsɛtərz ti ˈmɛθəd ˈdəbəl ˈdəbəl ˈsɛtərz ˈbaɪndər ˈvɛktər baɪnd "ɛks=" ˈsɛtərz ˈbaɪndər ˈvɛktər baɪnd "waɪ=" ˈjuzɪŋ ti ˈmɛθəd ˈdəbəl ˈvɛktər ˈvɛktər baɪnd "absolute_distance*" ˈvɛktər baɪnd "dɑt" nɑt ðə list ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd θɪŋ ˈɛvər, bət ˈsərtənli nɑt ðə moʊst ɛz wɛl. naʊ ðət ðɪs ɪz dən, wi kən teɪk ɪt fər ə spɪn ɪn: ˈvɛktər vi "ə "bi 11 "pʊts "pʊts "pʊts ˈæbsəˌlut ˈdɪstəns: #{a.absolute_distance(b*)} wi gɪt ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt: 0 11 ˈæbsəˌlut ˈdɪstəns: wɪʧ ɪz ɪgˈzæktli wət wi ˈwɔntɪd! dɪˈlɪʃəs ˈfaɪnəl θɔts ðɪs wɑz, baɪ fɑr, ðə moʊst ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd θɪŋ aɪ hæv ˈɛvər dən wɪθ si++ ənd ˈtɛmplət metaprogramming*. ɪt wɑz ˈsərtənli fən, bət ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ fɛlt sɔrt əv groʊs ɪn səm ˈɛriəz. aɪ kwaɪt noʊ haʊ tɪ fɪks ɪt, bət ðə hæk fɛlt ɪkˈstrimli ənˈnæʧərəl, ənd aɪ wɪʃ ðət aɪ kʊd hæv meɪd wət ɪt wɑz duɪŋ mɔr klɪr. ˈivɪn soʊ, aɪ dɪd hæv fən wɪθ ðɪs. ɪt wɑz nis ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət wɛb dɪˈvɛləpmənt fər wəns, ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt wɑz kaɪnd əv ˈnæsti. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈvɛri ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd wɪθ ðə ˈfɪnɪʃt nɑt ɛz klin ɛz ɪt ˈprɑbəˌbli kʊd bi, bət aɪ θɪŋk ɪt wərks kwaɪt wɛl. ˈhoʊpfəli, aɪ kən juz ɪt tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə klin ˈɪnərˌfeɪs tɪ ðɪs tɔɪ ˈɪnʤən. hu noʊz, ˈmeɪbi səm deɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli juz ðə ˈɪnʤən ɪn ə ˈprɑʤɛkt. aɪ hæv ə ˈkəpəl əv aɪˈdiəz, bət, raɪt naʊ, həz tɪ kəm fərst. ɔˈrɛdi spɛnt ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə wik ɔn ðɪs ˈlɪtəl ˈditʊr. ðə koʊd ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ɔn github*, ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ ʧɛk ɪt aʊt. ðə ˈækʧəwəl koʊd fər ðə ˈræpər ɪz kənˈteɪnd ɪn fil fri tɪ juz ðɪs ɪn jʊr oʊn ˈprɑʤɛkt. aɪ θɪŋk ˈrubi ɪz ə ˈrɪli greɪt ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ənd ləv tɪ si ɪt gɪt ˈwaɪdər juz fər. nɛkst taɪm, wi wɪl moʊst ˈlaɪkli bi dɪˈskəsɪŋ lɪv ˈkoʊdɪŋ, ɛz pɑrt əv ə ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn. steɪ tund.
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mruby, c++, and template magic
for the past few days i’ve been trying my hand at making a simple 2d game engine. it’s a challenge that involves math and programming, two subjects i greatly enjoy.
i decided early on that i would use ruby as the engine’s scripting language. ruby’s pretty much my favorite language, and its ability to create dsls seems like it would be highly useful in enabling users of the engine to be productive. the normal ruby interpreter, of course, isn’t well suited to embedding—it’s way too big and heavy. thankfully, there’s another implementation called mruby, which is designed to be used in more resource-constrained contexts. that matches my use case pretty well, so i set it up.
now, i needed some way to bind ruby methods to my native code. ideally, i’d be able to expose c++ classes and their associated methods to ruby natively. i found a library called mrubybind that seemed to do what i wanted, but i soon found it had limitations. the biggest limitation was how it handled parameter types. with mrubybind, your methods can take ints, booleans, strings, floats, and void pointers. that didn’t sit well with me. void * is a horribly unsafe construct. it has its uses, of course, but i’d rather have something with a bit more type information.
it soon became clear that i would need to bite the bullet and write my own library. hopefully, i could make use of c++ templates to design something with an interface that isn’t too terrible.
okay, first up, i had to figure out how the hell mruby defined native type sharing. i found a few articles, which helped me a bit, but they didn’t go in-depth on what i actually wanted to do. thankfully, mruby is open-source, so i can read the code myself.
after a bit of searching i found the header data.h . this seemed to have what i wanted—the macro data_wrap_struct seems almost exactly like what i want to do. that macro calls out to mrb_data_object_alloc and returns a struct rdata . struct rdata starts with the macro mrb_objcet_header , so we know that struct rdata represents some object. in this case, it represents a native data type.
so, what makes a native data object different from a ruby one? well, let’s check out the definition:
struct rdata { mrb_object_header ; struct iv_tbl * iv ; const mrb_data_type * type ; void * data ; };
so, we have an instance variable table called iv , which i don’t see much use for at the moment. we also have a void * called data , which is probably a pointer to whatever native struct we’re wrapping. seems simple enough.
the interesting member is of type mrb_data_type* . thankfully, that type is defined a few lines up:
/** * custom data type description. */ typedef struct mrb_data_type { /** data type name */ const char * struct_name ; /** data type release function pointer */ void ( * dfree )( mrb_state * mrb , void * ); } mrb_data_type ;
okay, seems like we just need one of these for each type we want to share with mruby. seems like a job for static members. first, though, i want to write something to generate that dfree function. seems like a great job for c++ templates.
a destructor template
so, i need something that takes in a void * to a given type, and then frees it. seems pretty easy:
namespace mrb { template < typename t > void destructor_value ( mrb_state * mrb , void * self ) { t * type = reinterpret_cast < t *> ( self ); delete type ; } }
great. so, now i should be able to just do:
class vector { public : const static struct mrb_data_type mrb_type = { "vector" , & mrb :: destructor_value < vector > }; };
unfortunately, this gave me an error:
error: in-class initializer for static data member of type 'const struct mrb_data_type' requires 'constexpr' specifier const static struct mrb_data_type mrb_type = {"vector", &mrb::destructor_value<vector>}; ^ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ constexpr 1 error generated.
so the obvious solution is to add a constexpr, right? well, maybe, but doing so just breaks it in a different way. see, i need to take a pointer to this value, and (as far as i can tell), constexpr doesn’t let you do that. the error message actually just claimed that it had no such member when i tried to take a pointer, even though just printing the values worked.
ah well.
i also figured out that i’d need to initialize this member outside of the header file. previously, i’d moved all the definitions for the vector class into its header, after benchmarks on my collision detection algorithm showed that i was paying a fairly significant performance penalty for certain vector operations not getting inlined. unfortunately, when i initialized the member via the header, i get a large amount of duplicate symbol errors. so now i have a vector.cpp file, which contains only the lines:
#include "vector.hpp" namespace nm { const struct mrb_data_type vector :: mrb_type = { "vector" , & mrb :: destructor_value < vector > }; }
determining sharable types with templates
okay, so now i have a good idea of how this is going to work. types with a mrb_data_type static member named mrb_type are going to be shareable with mruby. otherwise, they aren’t.
it would be nice if i could determine this automatically. thankfully, i can! first up, let’s write a helper template to determine if a type t is equal to const struct mrb_data_type . the standard library has std::is_same<t, u> , which does exactly what we want. we can use that to implement our struct:
namespace nm :: mrb :: traits { /** determine if a given type is a struct mrb_data_type pretty much just a helper function */ template < typename t > struct is_data_type_struct { constexpr static bool value = std :: is_same < const struct mrb_data_type , t >:: value ; }; }
this works because different templates have different types. so is_data_type_struct<bool> is a different type than is_data_type_struct<const struct mrb_data_type> . these types can have different static members—in this case, is_data_type_struct<t>::value = true if and only if t = const struct mrb_data_type .
great. now we can write another struct to determine if this is a engine-defined type we can share. to do this, we’ll use std::enable_if . the way this works is a bit tricky. basically, enable_if has a typedef type if and only if its argument is true. otherwise, it provides no such typedef. we can use it to create traits::is_shared_native as follows.
first, we define the default template:
/** type trait which determines if this is a user-defiend object type we can share with mrb. */ template < typename t , typename enable = void > struct is_shared_native { constexpr static bool value = false ; };
this takes two template parameters, but the first one is defaulted to void. so, by default, traits::is_shared_native<t>::value is equal to false .
now, we define a template specialization.
template < typename t > struct is_shared_native < t , typename std :: enable_if < is_data_type_struct < decltype ( t :: mrb_type ) >:: value >:: type > { constexpr static bool value = true ; };
the way this works is kind of complicated, and, if i’m being honest, a bit unclear to me in certain places. basically, we’re defining a specialization of the two-argument template we declared earlier. it has one argument, of some type t . the specialization has two arguments, t and std::enable_if<is_data_type_struct<decltype(t::mrb_type)>::value>::type .
so, how does it actually work? well, the key is the second argument to this template specialization. remember, std::enable_if<condition>::type only exists if condition is true. if it isn’t, there’s no ::type member. if i were to simply do:
typename std :: enable_if < false >:: type q ;
i would get a compiler error: no type named 'type' in 'std::enable_if<false, void>'
however, in the context of templates, substitution failure is not an error. so if our compiler can’t resolve std::enable_if<is_data_type_struct<decltype(t::mrb_type)>::value>::type , it’ll just shrug its shoulders and use the default template.
now, you may be wondering why we can’t do:
template < typename t > struct is_shared_native_easy { static constexpr bool value = is_data_type_struct < decltype ( t :: mrb_type ) >:: value ; };
well, the problem here is the decltype(t::mrb_type) . what if t::mrb_type doesn’t exist? the compiler goes looking for a different version of is_shared_native_easy it can actually use, but it doesn’t find anything. this results in a compilation failure. meanwhile, with our original implementation, the compiler can once again find the default value.
great. now, let’s define one last template to determine if a given type can be shared with mrb at all. mrb’s primitive types include mrb_bool , mrb_int , and mrb_float . we’ll also handle mrb_string . mrb_hash and mrb_array are going to have to wait for another blog post.
we have a list of types we can handle, so implementing this is easy:
/** type trait which determines if this is any type we can share with mrb, including primitive types such as mrb_float, mrb_bool, and so on. */ template < typename t > struct is_convertable { constexpr static bool value = ( is_shared_native < t >:: value || std :: is_integral < t >:: value || std :: is_same < bool , t >:: value || std :: is_floating_point < t >:: value || std :: is_same < std :: string , t >:: value || std :: is_same < const char * , t >:: value ); };
great. now we have a pretty good base. let’s expand on it!
objects to value types
at the core of mrb is the mrb_value type. it wraps any kind of object mrb can handle, and is often passed around. it would be nice if we could make some conversion functions to turn different c++ types into mrb_values . maybe a to_value function that takes an mrb_state and some type we can share with ruby (be it one of the types we defined or a primitive) and returns an mrb_value. thankfully, with c++ templates, this is easy. kind of.
once again, we’re going to use std::enable_if . this time, however, we’re going to use the two-parameter version. in this version, the second parameter is the type to use for std::enable_if<t>::type if t is true. so std::enable_if<true, mrb_value>::type is equal to mrb_value , and std::enable_if<false, mrb_value>::type doesn’t exist.
we can use this to specialize our to_value function. an example will probably make it more clear:
template < typename t > inline typename std :: enable_if < std :: is_integral < t >:: value , mrb_value >:: type to_value ( mrb_state * mrb , t i ) { return mrb_fixnum_value ( i ); }
std::is_integral returns, as the name implies, true if t is some kind of integral, and false otherwise. now, let’s say we make this call:
mrb_value val = to_value ( mrb , 1000 );
the compiler looks for a suitable specialization of to_value . in this case, t is equal to int . std::is_integral<int> returns true, so the previous overload has a viable return type of mrb_value .
meanwhile, if we do:
mrb_value val = to_value ( mrb , 100.0 );
the compiler again looks for a suitable overload, but finds none. we then get the relatively nice error message of “no matching function to call for to_value”. it even includes a list of overloads it found non-viable, to make debugging a bit easier!
now, with that out of the way, we can define some more conversions:
template < typename t > inline typename std :: enable_if < std :: is_floating_point < t >:: value , mrb_value >:: type to_value ( mrb_state * mrb , t i ) { return mrb_float_value ( mrb , i ); } // no need to template this, since it only works for strings! inline mrb_value to_value ( mrb_state * mrb , std :: string s ) { return mrb_str_new ( mrb , s . c_str (), s . length ()); } /** convert a user-defined type into an mruby object. note that we can only convert copy-constructable objects at the current moment, and cannot handle pointers at all. that is going to change soon, hopefulyl! */ template < typename t > typename std :: enable_if < traits :: is_shared_native < t >:: value && std :: is_copy_constructible < t >:: value , mrb_value >:: type to_value ( mrb_state * mrb , t obj ) { const mrb_data_type * type = data_type < t >:: value (); struct rclass * klass = mrb_class_get ( mrb , type -> struct_name ); // we create a copy here t * n = new t ( obj ); return mrb_obj_value ( data_wrap_struct ( mrb , klass , type , n )); }
now, there’s actually a small problem here. see, std::is_integral<bool>::value is true . this is because booleans are represented as integers in c, and in most hardware. in ruby, though, this is not the case. so, to fix it, let’s first disallow booleans from using our integral overload:
template < typename t > inline typename std :: enable_if < std :: is_integral < t >:: value && ! std :: is_same < bool , t >:: value , mrb_value >:: type to_value ( mrb_state * mrb , t i ) { return mrb_fixnum_value ( i ); }
and add a separate overload for booleans:
inline mrb_value to_value ( mrb_state * mrb , bool b ) { return mrb_bool_value ( b ); }
that was interesting, but pretty complicated. enable_if is powerful, but sort of ugly to use. hopefully, at some point, concepts are finally going to get into the c++ standard. if that ever happens, i’m fairly certain we could replace all that template grossness with stuff like:
mrb_value to_value ( mrb_state * mrb , integral i ) { return mrb_fixnum_value ( mrb , i ); }
much more readable, even if it essentially works the same under the hood.
so far this has been pretty fun, actually. i definitely gave myself several headaches trying to implement all this stuff, but it’s been really interesting at the same time.
binding methods, part 1
let’s take a bit of a detour here and talk about mruby methods. all mruby methods are of the form:
mrb_value method ( mrb_state * mrb , mrb_value self );
the param names are pretty self-explanatory. the first parameter is the current interpreter state, and the second parameter is the value this method is being called on.
let’s quickly typedef that:
typedef mrb_value ( * callable )( mrb_state * , mrb_value );
so, how do we get parameters to our function? well, for that, we need mrb_get_args . how does that work? well, let’s start with its signature:
int mrb_get_args ( mrb_state * mrb , const char * format , ...);
okay. that’s not super helpful. it looks suspiciously like the signature for printf, actually. well, thankfully it has some documentation:
/** * retrieve arguments from mrb_state. * * when applicable, implicit conversions (such as `to_str`, `to_ary`, `to_hash`) are * applied to received arguments. * used inside a function of mrb_func_t type. * * @param mrb the current mruby state. * @param format [mrb_args_format] is a list of format specifiers * @param ... the passing variadic arguments must be a pointer of retrieving type. * @return the number of arguments retrieved. * @see mrb_args_format */
oh, so it does work like printf. well, i now need to somehow come up with a way to do this in a template, including statically constructing the format string and finding some way to statically pass the right number of parameters.
okay, let’s do this.
format specifier
it seems like the right place to start is to figure out how to turn a single type into the right character. the appropriate characters are fairly well documented:
/** * format specifiers for {mrb_get_args} function * * must be a c string composed of the following format specifiers: * * | char | ruby type | c types | notes | * |:----:|----------------|-------------------|----------------------------------------------------| * | `o` | {object} | {mrb_value} | could be used to retrieve any type of argument | * | `c` | {class}/{module} | {mrb_value} | | * | `s` | {string} | {mrb_value} | when `!` follows, the value may be `nil` | * | `a` | {array} | {mrb_value} | when `!` follows, the value may be `nil` | * | `h` | {hash} | {mrb_value} | when `!` follows, the value may be `nil` | * | `s` | {string} | char *, {mrb_int} | receive two arguments; `s!` gives (`null`,`0`) for `nil` | * | `z` | {string} | char * | `null` terminated string; `z!` gives `null` for `nil` | * | `a` | {array} | {mrb_value} *, {mrb_int} | receive two arguments; `a!` gives (`null`,`0`) for `nil` | * | `f` | {float} | {mrb_float} | | * | `i` | {integer} | {mrb_int} | | * | `b` | boolean | {mrb_bool} | | * | `n` | {symbol} | {mrb_sym} | | * | `&` | block | {mrb_value} | | * | `*` | rest arguments | {mrb_value} *, {mrb_int} | receive the rest of arguments as an array. | * | | | optional | | after this spec following specs would be optional. | * | `?` | optional given | {mrb_bool} | `true` if preceding argument is given. used to check optional argument is given. | * * @see mrb_get_args */
gotcha. so this isn’t quite as bad as it theoretically could be. well, first off, let’s write some templates that get just one character. we can use enable_if for this one again. first, our base template:
template < typename t , typename extern = void > struct param_char { };
okay, now let’s add specializations for the types. we’ll give the structs a constexpr member representing their character value.
// o is for object template < typename t > struct param_char < t , typename std :: enable_if < traits :: is_shared_native < t >:: value >:: type > { constexpr static const auto value = 'o' ; }; // f is for float template < typename t > struct param_char < t , typename std :: enable_if < std :: is_floating_point < t >:: value >:: type > { constexpr static const auto value = 'f' ; }; // i is for integer template < typename t > struct param_char < t , typename std :: enable_if < std :: is_integral < t >:: value && ! std :: is_same < bool , t >:: value >:: type > { constexpr static auto value = 'i' ; }; // b is for bool template < typename t > struct param_char < t , typename std :: enable_if < std :: is_same < bool , t >:: value >:: type > { constexpr static auto value = 'b' ; };
c++ templates can take a variable number of arguments. we can use this to our advantage here. we’ll define one template that takes an arbitrary number of arguments. it will then take those arguments, pass them to the param_char template we defined earlier, and put everything in one string.
as it turns out, this is pretty simple:
template < typename ... args > struct param_format_string { static const char value []; }; template < typename ... args > const char param_format_string < args ... >:: value [] = {( param_char < args >:: value )..., '\0' };
the way this works is deceptively simple. the important part is the ... in (param_char<args>::value)... . this tells the our compiler to expand the list of template arguments into their individual values. so, if we do param_format_string<double, int, nm::vector> , it will translate to param_char<double>::value, param_char<int>::value, param_char<nm::vector>::value, '\0' . this lets us construct the proper format specifier at compile time!
this is called pack expansion, and we use it to rather… disgusting effects later on.
okay, onto our next trick:
binding methods 2: compile time wrappers
let’s start to write something that binds methods! remember, all mruby-visible functions need to take an mrb_state and an mrb_value and return another mrb_value . i don’t think we want to write all our c++ methods like that, so we’ll have to do something that translates functions of that form to functions of the proper one at compile-time. the best way to properly do this is to write a template that generates a function mrb can understand, but which eventually calls a native c++ method with the right argument types.
first off, we know that we’re going to be doing other, similar things to translate native c++ objects into ruby-land. let’s make a struct to contain all these things—a translator for some type t .
tempalte < typename t > struct translator { static_assert ( traits :: is_shared_native < t >:: value , "can only translate shared native types!" ); };
we will define all our other structures under this.
okay, so now we need to create a template to add individual methods. in c++, methods can have overloaded argument types, so we can’t really deduce which version we want to expose to ruby-land at compile time. i figured the best solution to this would be to have users pass in the parameter lists explicitly. they also pass in the return type. i think this is technically unnecessary, but i couldn’t figure out a way to avoid it. so, for now, to bind a method you must specify its format again.
template < typename t , typename ... args > struct method { };
okay, so far so good. we’re going to need to refer to methods of this format multiple times while we write this. for convenience, let’s define a typedef underneath our struct to make that easier:
typedef ret ( t ::* functype ( args ...);
as you can see, c++’s syntax for method pointers is kind of nasty. thankfully, we can now use functype instead of that whole mess.
now we want to be able to bind specific methods. to do this, we’re going to need to generate an mruby-usable function which calls our method. i think the best way to do this is with another template, so let’s nest another struct:
templatefunctype func> struct binder { private: static mrb_value method(mrb_state *mrb, mrb_value self) { } }
now, method needs to take in the arguments from mruby, convert them to the right argument types, call the method, convert the method’s return value into an mrb_value , and return this mrb_value .
okay, this can’t be that bad.
arguments from mruby
let’s take this one step at a time, shall we? our first concern is getting arguments from mruby. if you remember from earlier in this blog post, one can obtain those through the use of mrb_get_args , which takes in a format string and a list of pointers to the argument types mruby wants to fill. we already did the format string, so let’s add that in:
static mrb_value method ( mrb_state * mrb , mrb_value self ) { std :: string format = param_format_string < args ... >:: value ;
great. now, we also need to pass a list of pointers to locations in which we are storing those arguments. so if we want to take in a double , an int , and an nm::vector , we need to provide an mrb_float * , an mrb_fixnum * , and a mrb_value * . we then need to convert those values into a double , an int , and an nm::vector , for use in our c++ code.
this seems like a good job for a helper struct. this helper struct can be templated based on the argument type, and provide the correct valus. let’s name it a conversion_helper . it should have a method to get a pointer to relevant storage, and one to get back the desired type. we can once again use enable_if to specialize our templates. let’s start with something simple and write one for integers.
// specialization for integral types template < typename t > struct conversion_helper < t , typename std :: enable_if < std :: is_integral < t >:: value >:: type > { mrb_int i ; mrb_state * mrb ; operator t () { return static_cast < t > ( i ); } void * to_ptr () { return ( void * ) & i ; } };
this works pretty well. if we call to_ptr() it provides a void * that points to an mrb_int , just like we wanted. we also define a conversion operator that we can use to convert back to whatever t is—in most cases an int, but maybe a long or a uint64_t occasionally.
we can then define a bunch of further specializations, which we won’t elaborate on here.
now, we can finally add another line to our method template function:
std :: tuple < conversion_helper < args > ... > t ;
using ... , this will expand out the args template argument. so if we’re binding a method with arguments of double, int , this becomes (after expansion)
std :: tuple < conversion_helper < double > , conversion_helper < int >> t ;
std::tuple is a “fixed-size collection of heterogeneous values.” in normal english, this means that it “holds a bunch of values of possibly different types with a given order.” in this case, it’s a bunch of specializations of conversion_helper in a list. the important thing is that the list is a compile time list. you don’t use tuple.get(0) to get the first element of the list, you use std::get<1>(tuple) . that means that we can iterate over the values at compile time, and pass each value into mrb_get_args .
how? well, we can use std::index_sequence . i’ll be real here, how this works is freaking gross. basically, it creates a compile-time variable argument list, counting upwards. in this case, we want a list of all the indexes of the argument tuple. so, continuing our double, int case, we want a compile-time list of integers that looks like <0, 1> . remember, this is a compile-time list, so we can use it with templates!
we can obtain this list with std::index_sequence_for<args...>{} .
this allows us to write another helper method:
template < class tuple , std :: size_t ... indexes > static void fill_tuple ( std :: string format , mrb_state * mrb , tuple & t , std :: index_sequence < indexes ... > ) { mrb_get_args ( mrb , format . c_str (), ( std :: get < indexes > ( t ). to_ptr ())...); }
no, no, chill out. this isn’t that bad. it’s a bit disgusting, but it’s not dark magic.
the first template argument, tuple , exists so we can take arbitrary tuple types. so, in our double, int case, this is type std::tupe<conversion_helper<double>, conversion_helper<int>> . the second argument is where things get clever.
previously, we used std::index_sequence_for<args...>{} to generate an index sequence. continuing the double, int example, we generated std::index_sequence<0, 1> . when we pass this as the last argument of fill_tuple , the compiler sees that indexes must be equal to <0, 1> . it then fills in the variadic template argument indexes with the values of 0, 1 .
now, in the actual call, we use (std::get<indexes>(t).to_ptr())... the ... causes a template argument expansion, just as before. this time, however, it’s expanding on the template argument indexes . so, in the double, int case, this expands out to mrb_get_args(mrb, format.c_str(), (std::get<0>(t).to_ptr()), (std::get<1>(t).to_ptr())) .
in effect, this means that we pass the conversion_helpers for all our arguments to mrb_get_args , filling them all out!
arguments back to c++
now, to convert back into c++ values, we occasionally need to use an mrb_state* . this is mostly true for native types mruby is handling. i wrote a function which uses the same parameter pack expansion to set the mrb member of each conversion_helper . that’s not really important for this blog post, so we’re going to ignore it for now. so, let’s add more lines here:
fill_tuple ( format , mrb , t , std :: index_sequence_for < args ... > {}); fill_mrb_values ( mrb , t , std :: index_sequence_for < args ... > {});
okay, so now we need an object to call this method on. that’s wrapped in the self parameter of this function, so we can just grab the pointer from that:
void * p = mrb_data_check_get_ptr ( mrb , self , data_type < t >:: value ()); t * s = reinterpret_cast < t *> ( p );
great. now, we need to write a function to make the call. that needs to expand our tuple outwards once more, so we can use the index_sequence_for trick again:
ret re = make_call ( s , func , t , std :: index_sequence_for < args ... > {});
and the source of make_call :
template < class tuple , std :: size_t ... indexes > static ret make_call ( t * self , functype f , tuple & t , std :: index_sequence < indexes ... > ) { return ( self ->* f )( std :: get < indexes > ( t )...); }
great. now, we already have a to_value function defined earlier, so we can just use that to make an mrb_value from our return value:
return to_value ( mrb , re );
now, let’s write a function to actually bind the methods into mruby. we need an mrb_state for that, as well as a name to get the class under.
tatic void bind ( mrb_state * mrb , std :: string name ) { mrb_func_t f = & method ; mrb_define_method ( mrb , getclass ( mrb ), name . c_str (), f , sizeof ...( args )); }
great! we’ll define the getclass function in just a moment.
finishing up
okay, let’s go back to the top-level translator template. mruby requires you to define classes for your objects, and to give those classes a name. the mrb_data_type* we defined for our sharable classes already defines a name, so we can just use that:
static void makeclass ( mrb_state * mrb ) { mrb_define_class ( mrb , data_type < t >:: value () -> struct_name , mrb -> object_class ); }
this is also a good time to write the getclass function from earlier:
static struct rclass * getclass ( mrb_state * mrb ) { return mrb_class_get ( mrb , data_type < t >:: value () -> struct_name ); }
awesome. now, we can modify the code we used to bind methods a bit to create a constructor binder:
template < typename ... args > struct constructor { static void bind ( mrb_state * mrb ) { mrb_func_t f = & val ; // allows us to do {classname}.new to construct a new object mrb_define_class_method ( mrb , getclass ( mrb ), "new" , f , mrb_args_req ( sizeof ...( args ))); } private : static mrb_value val ( mrb_state * mrb , mrb_value self ) { std :: string format = param_format_string < args ... >:: value ; std :: tuple < conversion_helper < args > ... > t ; translator < t >:: fill_tuple ( format , mrb , t , std :: index_sequence_for < args ... > {}); translator < t >:: fill_mrb_values ( mrb , t , std :: index_sequence_for < args ... > {}); t * constructed = make_call ( t , std :: index_sequence_for < args ... > {}); return mrb_obj_value ( data_wrap_struct ( mrb , getclass ( mrb ), data_type < t >:: value (), ( void * ) constructed )); } template < class tuple , std :: size_t ... indexes > static t * make_call ( tuple & t , std :: index_sequence < indexes ... > ) { return new t ( std :: get < indexes > ( t )...); } };
great! we also define a const_binder under method , to handle methods marked const . this is pretty much copy-and-paste in the actual source, so i won’t do that here.
now, let’s look at a quick usage example:
usage
let’s bind our vector class into mruby. first, we add the mrb_data_type to it:
class vector { public : const static struct mrb_data_type mrb_type ; };
great! now, we can write a binder function. this is just a normal function with binds our class into some instance of mruby.
void vector :: bindmrb ( mrb_state * mrb ) { using namespace nm ; using t = mrb :: translator < vector > ; t :: makeclass ( mrb ); t :: constructor < double , double >:: bind ( mrb ); using doubleret = t :: method < double > ; doubleret :: const_binder <& vector :: getx >:: bind ( mrb , "x" ); doubleret :: const_binder <& vector :: gety >:: bind ( mrb , "x" ); using setters = t :: method < double , double > ; setters :: binder <& vector :: setx >:: bind ( mrb , "x=" ); setters :: binder <& vector :: sety >:: bind ( mrb , "y=" ); using doublevec = t :: method < double , const vector &> ; doublevec :: const_binder <& vector :: absolutedistance >:: bind ( mrb , "absolute_distance" ); doublevec :: const_binder <& vector :: dotproduct >:: bind ( mrb , "dot" ); }
not the least complicated thing ever, but certainly not the most as well. now that this is done, we can take it for a spin in mruby:
mrb_state * mrb = mrb_open (); nm :: vector :: bindmrb ( mrb ); mrb_value v = mrb_load_string ( mrb , "a = vector.new(0,0)
" \ "b = vector.new(10, 11)
" \ "puts a.x
" \ "puts b.x
" \ "puts \" absolute distance: #{a.absolute_distance(b)} \"
" );
we get the output:
0 11 absolute distance: 14.866068747319
which is exactly what we wanted!
delicious
final thoughts
this was, by far, the most complicated thing i have ever done with c++ and template metaprogramming. it was certainly fun, but it also felt sort of gross in some areas. i don’t quite know how to fix it, but the std::index_sequence hack felt extremely unnatural, and i wish that i could have made what it was doing more clear.
even so, i did have fun with this. it was nice writing something that wasn’t web development for once, even if it was kind of nasty. i’m also very satisfied with the finished product—it’s not as clean as it probably could be, but i think it works quite well. hopefully, i can use it to provide a clean scripting interface to this toy engine. who knows, maybe some day i’ll actually use the engine in a project. i have a couple of ideas, but, right now, imagehex has to come first. i’ve already spent almost a week on this little detour.
the code is available on github, if you want to check it out. the actual code for the mrb wrapper is contained in mrb_wrapper.h . feel free to use this in your own project. i think ruby is a really great language, and i’d love to see it get wider use for scripting.
next time, we will most likely be discussing live coding, as part of a project i’m working on. stay tuned.
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ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz əv ɔl straɪps sɪns ðə dɔn əv taɪm hæv pərˈfɛktəd ðə ɑrt əv feɪnd rɪˈgrɛt ənd fɔls ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ ɪn ðə feɪs əv ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən, waɪl ɛmˈbreɪsɪŋ blaɪnd ˌɪnˈdɪfərəns tɪ ðɛr oʊn ˈfeɪljərz. ˈstændərd fɛr fər ðə lɛft ənd raɪt. bət ðə dɛpθ, ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti, ənd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəˌlaɪzd hɪˈpɑkrəsi əv ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl raɪt həz ˈteɪkən ɑr ˈkəntri ɔn ə nu kɔrs; kənˈsərvətɪvz ər ˈraɪtɪŋ ə nu ˈʧæptər ɪf nɑt ə nu bʊk ɔn ˈsɪnɪˌsɪzəm, dɪˈsit ənd dɪˈluʒən. ɛz wi ˈkɑntəmˌpleɪt ɑr wərld ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ rɪˈpəblɪkənz kənˈtroʊlɪŋ ðə haʊs ənd ˈsɛnɪt, wi məst ˈðɛrˌfɔr kənˈsɪdər laɪf ɪn ðə feɪs əv dip hɪˈpɑkrəsi. mɪʧ məˈkɑnəl, wɪθ ə streɪt feɪs ənd noʊ əˈpɛrənt əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən fər ˈaɪrəni, sɛd ðət ˈvoʊtərz ʃʊd ˌɪnˈstɔl ə rɪˈpəblɪkən məˈʤɔrəti ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt bɪˈkəz hɪz ˈpɑrti wʊd "bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ brɪŋ ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ˈgrɪˌdlɑk tɪ ə ˈmərsɪfəl ɛnd." ðɪs ˈrɪli ˈriʧɪz nu haɪts əv əbˈsərdəti. ðə ˈfɪləˌbəstər kɪŋ, ðə ˈguˌru əv ˈgrɪˌdlɑk hɪmˈsɛlf, sɪz ðət ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ɛnd ˈgrɪˌdlɑk wi nid tɪ ɪˈlɛkt ðə ˈpipəl hu ər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs oʊˈlɪmpiən ˈrɛkərdz əv əbˈstrəkʃən. məˈkɑnəlz rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈɑrmi ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt həz lɛd mɔr ˈfɪləˌbəstərz ðən ˈɛni ˈpriviəs ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪn ɑr ˈneɪʃənz ˈhɪstəri, əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ θwɔrt ˈɛni ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɔn ə ˈglifəl spri əv "noʊ." ðɪs ɪz ðə məˈkɑnəl hu meɪd əbˈstrəkʃən hɪz ˈpəblɪkli əˈnaʊnst ˈnəmbər wən goʊl wɪn ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɑz ɪˈlɛktɪd tɪ hɪz fərst tərm. bət naʊ məˈkɑnəl wɔnts tɪ seɪ jɛs, tɪ hæv ju voʊt fər ɪm bɪˈkəz hi ɪz ðə wən tɪ rɪd ˈjuˈɛs əv ðə skərʤ əv ðə ˈgrɪˌdlɑk hi kriˈeɪtɪd. gɪv ɪm ə məˈʤɔrəti ənd vˌwɑˈlɑ hi wɪl meɪk ʃʊr ˈgrɪˌdlɑk ɪz ə ˈdɪstənt ˈmɛməri. ðɪs minz əv kɔrs ðət hi ɪkˈspɛkts ðə məˈnɔrəti tɪ ˈsɪmpli goʊ əˈlɔŋ wɪθ hɪz əˈʤɛndə; ju noʊ, laɪk hi wɛnt əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts wɪn ðeɪ hæd ðə məˈʤɔrəti. saɪ. ɪt ɪz ɪˈnəf tɪ meɪk wənz hɛd ɪkˈsploʊd. noʊ ʃoʊ ðɪs ˈstɔri ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈfeɪljər əv ðə lɛft. ˈdɛməˌkræts hæv nɑt dɪˈfaɪnd ðə əˈʤɛndə ər ˈnɛˌreɪtɪd ðə ˈstɔri. ðɪs kəˌpɪʧəˈleɪʃən kriˈeɪts ə vɔɪd əv ˈrizən səʧ ðət əbˈsərdətiz laɪk məˈkɑnəlz kleɪm kən teɪk hoʊld wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ˈdəbəlɪŋ ˈoʊvər ɪn ˈlæftər. laɪk ˈfraɪtənd ˈʧɪldrən ˈdɛməˌkræts rən frəm ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈrɛkərd, ɛz dɪˈfaɪnd baɪ ðə raɪt, ˈrəðər ðən ˈʧæmpiənɪŋ hɪz əˈmeɪzɪŋ səkˈsɛsɪz ɛz dɪˈfaɪnd baɪ fækt. məʧ tɪ ðə ˈkrɛdɪt əv ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən pəˈlɪtɪkəl məˈʃin, ənd wɪθ ˈikwəl ʃeɪm tɪ ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts, ðə fɑr raɪt həz bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ kənˈvɪns ðə ˈpəblɪk ðət ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ bæd ɪz ˌoʊˈbɑməz fɔlt, bət ðət ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈnəθɪŋ ðət ɪz gʊd. wɪn ðət dɪz nɑt wərk, ðeɪ kriˈeɪt ðə ˌɪˈluʒən ðət wət ɪz gʊd ɪz bæd; hɛlθ kɛr kəmz tɪ maɪnd. ˈdɛməˌkræts hæv ˈsidɪd ðə ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri əv ˌriˈæləˌti tɪ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈfænəsi. nid ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ɪgˈzæmpəl? ðə ˈmidiə əv leɪt hæv bɪn ˈtaʊtɪŋ ðə ˈstɔri əv "ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈdrɑpɪŋ əˈpruvəl ˈreɪtɪŋz" ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət hɪz "əˈpruvəl ˈreɪtɪŋz hæv plənʤd tɪ ˈrɛkərd loʊz" ənd hæv "ˈpləmətɪd" ənd ər "ˈsɪŋkɪŋ tɪ hɪˈstɔrɪk loʊz." ˈoʊnli wən ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ðɪs ˈnɛrətɪv: ɪt ɪz ˈfækʧuəli ənd dɪˈmɑnstrəbli fɔls. hir ɪz ðə ˈvɛrəˌfaɪəbəl truθ: frəm ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1 2014 tɪ ɑkˈtoʊbər 30 2014 ˌoʊˈbɑməz əˈpruvəl ˈreɪtɪŋ fɛl frəm pərˈsɛnt tɪ 42 pərˈsɛnt. ðə jɪrz pik wɑz 44 pərˈsɛnt, ənd ðə loʊ əv ðə jɪr wɑz 41 pərˈsɛnt. ə drɔp əv əˈbaʊt əv wən pərˈsɛnt dɪz nɑt ˈkɑnstəˌtut ˈnəmbərz ðət ər "ˈpləmətɪŋ" ər "ˈsɪŋkɪŋ" ər ˈivɪn "ˈdrɑpɪŋ." jɛt ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts sɪt baɪ ənd lɛt ðɪs ˈnɑnsɛns floʊ fɔrθ wɪθ noʊ faɪt. wi kən du ðə seɪm æˈnælɪsɪs fər pæst kleɪmz əˈbaʊt ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt, ðə wɔr ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk, ˈseɪvɪŋ ðə ˈɔtoʊ ˈɪndəstri, ˈbeɪlɪŋ aʊt wɔl strit ənd ðə bæŋks, ˈɪnstɪˌtutɪŋ ˈminɪŋfəl hɛlθ kɛr rɪˈfɔrm... ʤɪst əˈbaʊt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈmeɪʤər ˈɪʃu ðət həz ˌɪmˈpruvd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈoʊvər ðə pæst 7 ər 8 jɪrz. ju rɪˈmɛmbər wɪn ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ɪkˈsidɪd 10 pərˈsɛnt; ðət wɑz ˌoʊˈbɑməz fɔlt. ðɛr wɑz ə ˈdeɪli ˈdrəmˌbit dɪˈnaʊnsɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt. bət wɪθ ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt naʊ ˈəndər 6 pərˈsɛnt, ˌoʊˈbɑmə gɪts noʊ ˈkrɛdɪt, ər ðə ˈpɑzətɪv stəˈtɪstɪk ɪz dɪsˈmɪst ɛz ənɪmˈpɔrtənt (ðə seɪm stəˈtɪstɪks wɪθ ðə seɪm ənd ðət wər ˈkrɪtɪkəl wɪn ðə ˈnəmbərz lʊkt bæd fər ˌoʊˈbɑmə). ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ɔl əv ɑr ɪlz ənd dɪˈzərvz ˈkrɛdɪt fər nən əv ɑr səkˈsɛsɪz. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈʧaɪldɪʃ, ˈboʊgəs ˈaʊˌtlʊk, jɛt rɪˈmeɪnz ˈsɛntrəl tɪ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ kənˈsərvətɪv. ðɪs læk əv dɛpθ ənd nuɑns, ənd ðə ˈæbsəns əv ðə ɑrt əv ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz (ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈpreɪzɪŋ ˌoʊˈbɑmə fər ˈsəmθɪŋ), ɪz prɪˈsaɪsli wət lɛd tɪ ðə ˌɪkˈstrɛmɪzəm əv ˈʃətɪŋ daʊn ɑr ˈgəvərnmənt ənd θˈrɛtənɪŋ dɪˈfɔlt ɔn ɑr dɛt. ðɪs ˈlɑpˈsaɪdɪd, ˌwənˈsaɪdəd, wərld vju ɪz ˈmɔrəli ənd ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəli ˈbæŋkrəpt. ˈheɪtɪŋ ˌoʊˈbɑmə ʃʊd nɑt bi ən ˈifɛktɪv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈstrætəʤi, bət ɪz ˌɪnˈdid ɪn ðə ˈæbsəns əv ˈɛni ˈifɛktɪv ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈbækˌboʊn tɪ ˈkaʊntər əbˈsərdətiz. ˈdɛməˌkræts dɪˈzərv ðɛr ˈlɔsɪz; ðeɪ ˈsidɪd ðə ˈbætəl ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt bɪˈgæn. ˈhoʊpɪŋ fər ˈfeɪljər həz bɪˈkəm ðə raɪts moʊst ˈifɛktɪv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈplætˌfɔrm; kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə əˈpɪrəns əv ˈfeɪljər ɪn ðə feɪs əv ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk səkˈsɛs ɪz naʊ ə rɪˈpəblɪkən spɔrt pleɪd tɪ ˈvɪktəri baɪ dɪˈfɔlt bɪˈkəz ðə əˈpoʊzɪŋ tim ˈnɛvər ʃoʊd. wət goʊz əp... aɪ wɑz ˈdraɪvɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈəðər deɪ ɪn ðə feɪs əv ðə ɪˈlɛkʃənz, kənˈsɪdərɪŋ haʊ ˈdɛməˌkræts hu ræn frəm ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈrɛkərd dɪˈzərvd tɪ luz. ðɛn aɪ pæst baɪ ə ˈsərvɪs ˈsteɪʃən ənd ˈnoʊtɪd ðə praɪs əv gæs wɑz ɪn ðə əv tu ˈdɔlərz. ənd ðə θɔt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli strək; rɪˈpəblɪkənz hæv dən ɪt əˈgɛn ˈsəmˌhaʊ, ɪkˈspɛnsɪv gæs wɑz ˌoʊˈbɑməz fɔlt, bət loʊ ˈpraɪsɪz dɪˈzərv noʊ ˈmɛnʃən, ənd ˈsərtənli noʊ ˈkrɛdɪt. ðə ˈæbsəns əv dəˈbeɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ɪˈlɛkʃənz ɪz ɔl ðə mɔr əˈstɑnɪʃɪŋ ˈgɪvɪn ðət ðə praɪs əv gæs təˈdeɪ ɪz ðə seɪm ɛz wət wi wər peɪɪŋ ˈnɪrli 10 jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ənd fɑr frəm hɪˈstɔrɪk haɪz. soʊ... gæs ˈpraɪsɪz, soʊ ˈizəli kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪd, ˈɔfər ˈjuˈɛs ðə aɪˈdil keɪs ˈstədi tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðət hɪˈpɑkrəsi ɪz ˈtruli ðə kɔr faʊnˈdeɪʃən əv θɔt ənd ðə ˈbeɪsɪs fər rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑləˌtɪks. aɪ ˈʧælənʤ ˈɛnibədi tɪ prəˈvaɪd ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv wət ju si bɪˈloʊ fər ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts. bɪˈloʊ wi wɪl si ɪn blæk ənd waɪt ðət ðə ˈvoʊkəli, ˈlaʊdli ənd ˌəndɪˈnaɪəbli bleɪmd ˌoʊˈbɑmə fər ɪkˈspɛnsɪv gæs ɛz ˈpraɪsɪz klaɪmd təˈwɔrd 4 pər ˈgælən. ðə raɪt ˈoʊpənli bleɪmd ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt nɑt ˈoʊnli fər pərˈsuɪŋ ə bæd ˈɛnərʤi ˈpɑləsi bət fər ˈæktɪvli ˈsikɪŋ haɪər ˈpraɪsɪz. hir ər ʤɪst ə fju ɪgˈzæmpəlz: mɪt ˈrɑmni: ˌoʊˈbɑmə tɪ bleɪm fər haɪ gæs ˈpraɪsɪz ˈrɑmni sɛd ɔn fɑks nuz (wɛr ɛls?) ðət hi bɪˈlivz "ˌæbsəˈlutli" ðət ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər haɪ gæs ˈpraɪsɪz. tɪ ˈboʊlstər hɪz pɔɪnt, ˈrɑmni ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ˌoʊˈbɑmə dɪz nɑt əˈlaʊ ˈdrɪlɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɑrtɪk ˈnæʃənəl ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf rɪˈzərv (anwr*), ənd hɪz rɪfˈjuzəl tɪ bɪld ðə ˈkiˌstoʊn ˈpaɪˌplaɪn frəm ˈkænədə tɪ ˈtɛksəs. ˈrɑmni sɛd əv ˌoʊˈbɑmə, "hɪz ˈpɑləsiz ər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər nɑt ˈhævɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkə ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈɛnərʤi ðət wi hæv ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri." haʊs ˈspikər ʤɑn ˈboʊnər (r-oh*) "ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt hoʊldz ðə ki tɪ æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə peɪn ˌoʊˈhaɪˌoʊənz ər ˈfilɪŋ æt ðə gæs pəmp ənd ˈmuvɪŋ ɑr ˈneɪʃən əˈweɪ frəm ɪts rɪˈlaɪəns ɔn ˈfɔrən ˈɛnərʤi. maɪ kˈwɛʃən fər ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪz: wət ər ju ˈweɪtɪŋ fər?" ˈgɪtɪŋ mɔr spɪˈsɪfɪk, ˈboʊnər kleɪmd ðət, "ðə ˈprɛzɪdənts oʊn ˈpɑləsiz tɪ deɪt hæv meɪd ˈmætərz wərs ənd ˈdrɪvən əp gæs ˈpraɪsɪz." ˈsɛnətər ʤɑn ˌbɑˈrɑsoʊ: ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈfʊli riˈspɑnsəbəl fər haɪ gæs ˈpraɪsɪz ˈsɛnətər ʤɑn ˌbɑˈrɑsoʊ (r-wy*) kleɪmd "ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt həz bɪn ə kəmˈplit əbˈstrəkʃənɪst ɔn ðət, ənd hɪz ˈɛnərʤi ˈpɑləsi, ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ ˈivɪn kɔl ɪt ə ˈpɑləsi, həz ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən ˈæˌkʧuəli kənˈtrɪbjutɪd ɪf nɑt kɔzd ðə peɪn æt ðə pəmp, ənd hi ʃʊd bi hɛld ˈfʊli riˈspɑnsəbəl fər wət ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpəblɪk ɪz peɪɪŋ fər ˈgæsəˌlin." ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ˈkɔˌri ˈgɑrdnər (r-co*): ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈpɑləsiz tɪ bleɪm fər haɪ gæs ˈpraɪsɪz ˈkɔˌri ˈgɑrdnər ʤəmpt ɔn ðə ˈbændˌwægən, kəmˈpleɪnɪŋ ðət, "ðə ˈlɔŋgər wi lɛt ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz laɪk ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə kənˈtɪnju tɪ blɑk riˈspɑnsəbəl əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɛnərʤi pərˈdəkʃən, ðə ˈlɔŋgər ɑr ˈneɪʃən wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈsəfər wɪθ haɪ gæs ˈpraɪsɪz ənd ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈɛnərʤi sɪˈkjʊrəti." ˈnæʃənəl ˌrivˈju: rɪˈpɔrt faɪndz ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈpɑləsiz tɪ bleɪm fər haɪ ˈɛnərʤi ˈpraɪsɪz "wət ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə feɪld tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ θru ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld 'kæp ənd treɪd' ˈproʊˌgræm, hɪz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ θru ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈroʊdˌblɑks, ˈɛnərʤi tæks ˌɪnˈkrisɪz, ənd ˈəðər ˈtɑrgətɪd ˈɛfərts tɪ proʊˈhɪbət dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv dəˈmɛstɪk ˈɛnərʤi ˈrisɔrsɪz." rəʃ ˈlɪmˌbɔ: ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɔnts haɪər gæs ˈpraɪsɪz ˈɑdli, ɪn hɪz rænt əˈgɛnst ˌoʊˈbɑmə, rəʃ æsks, "wɪl ðə ˈmidiə ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ ðə raɪz ɪn gæs ˈpraɪsɪz bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ kip ðət frəm bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈfæktər ɪn ˈpipəlz maɪndz ˈoʊvər ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd ˌoʊˈbɑməz roʊl ɪn ɪt?" ˈfəni ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈtɔrənt əv nuz ˈkəvərɪʤ ɔn haɪər gæs ˈpraɪsɪz, ənd ðə kənˈsɪstənt drəm bit ˈbleɪmɪŋ ˌoʊˈbɑmə. haɪ gæs ˈpraɪsɪz ər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑməz fɔlt ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, ðə ˈɔθər kleɪmz ðət "ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃənz ˈɛnərʤi plæn ɔl əˈlɔŋ wɑz beɪst əˈpɑn ðə raɪz ɪn ˈɛnərʤi kɔsts ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ fɔrs əˈmɛrɪkənz tɪ bi 'ˈgrinər.'" ðə pis goʊz ɔn tɪ seɪ ðət "ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɔnts əˈmɛrɪkənz tɪ bɪˈliv ðət hi ɪz ˈpaʊərləs tɪ stɑp ðə haɪ raɪz əv ˈgæsəˌlin ˈpraɪsɪz jɛt ɪt ɪz hɪz ðət hæv kriˈeɪtɪd ðə ˈkraɪsəs... wət ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt feɪlz tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ɪz ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ wən tɪ bleɪm fər ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈɛnərʤi kɔsts ˈəðər ðən hɪmˈsɛlf." ˈbɪlˌbɔrd bleɪmz ˌoʊˈbɑmə fər haɪ gæs ˈpraɪsɪz ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn baɪ ðə neɪm əv brɛt ˈpoʊstɪd fər ɔl tɪ si ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ: "gæs ˌoʊˈbɑmə tʊk ˈɔfəs. taɪt ˈdrɪlɪŋ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz. noʊ ˈpaɪˌplaɪn. ˌoʊˈbɑmə haɪər gæs." nid aɪ goʊ ɔn? kən ˈɛni ˈridər, əv ˈɛni pəˈlɪtɪkəl pərsˈweɪʒən, ˈivɪn ðoʊz hu ˈoʊnli wɔʧ fɑks nuz, kleɪm ðət ðə dɪd nɑt ˈoʊpənli, ˈbleɪtəntli, kənˈsɪstəntli bleɪm ˌoʊˈbɑmə fər haɪ gæs ˈpraɪsɪz? kənˈsərvətɪvz bleɪmd ˌoʊˈbɑmə fər haɪ gæs ˈpraɪsɪz. kən wi bi ˈɛni ˈklɪrər əˈbaʊt ðət? ju ˈsɪmpli ˈkænɑt dɪˈnaɪ ðɪs fækt. ˈdɛfəsət əv ˈrizən soʊ wət ˈhæpənd wɪn ðə praɪs əv gæs fɛl? wət naʊ ðət ðə praɪs həz dɪˈklaɪnd ˈɪntu ðə 2 reɪnʤ? ˈsaɪləns. ˈtoʊtəl, kəmˈplit, ˈdɛfənɪŋ, ˈmædənɪŋ, juʤ, ˈgeɪpɪŋ, ˈsaɪləns. wɛr wɑz ˌoʊˈbɑməz kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz haɪər? wɛr wər ðə ˌɪmˈpækts əv ˌoʊˈbɑməz feɪld ˈɛnərʤi ˈpɑləsiz? wɛr wər ðə dɪˈzæstrəs ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv dɪˈleɪɪŋ ðə ˈkiˌstoʊn ˈpaɪˌplaɪn? wɛr wər ðə ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˈɛnərʤi ˈʃɔrtɪʤɪz du tɪ ˌoʊvərˈzɛləs ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz? jɛt nɑt ə ˈsɪŋgəl wərd frəm ðə raɪt ˈpreɪzɪŋ ˌoʊˈbɑmə fər loʊər ˈɛnərʤi ˈpraɪsɪz. hi wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðɛm goʊɪŋ əp, bət nɑt ˈkəmɪŋ daʊn. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈprɑmənənt rɪˈpəblɪkənz ənd ˈpəndɪts sɛd əˈbaʊt gæs ˈpraɪsɪz ənd ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈpɑləsiz pruvd tɪ bi rɔŋ. wət ˈhæpənd wɪn ˌoʊˈbɑmə krækt daʊn ɔn ɔɪl ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən (ən ækˈtɪvɪti məʧ səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ˈzɛləts ɪn ðə), ˈdraɪvɪŋ daʊn ðə praɪs əv gæs baɪ 12 sɛnts æt ðə pəmp? nɑt ə pip frəm ðə raɪt. wət ˈhæpənd wɪn gæs ˈpraɪsɪz fɛl tɪ ə loʊ, wɪθ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ðət ðə praɪs wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ dɪˈklaɪn? ˈnəθɪŋ ɔn fɑks nuz əˈbaʊt ðət. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðət ðə kleɪmd kɔzd haɪ gæs ˈpraɪsɪz ər stɪl ɪn pleɪs, ɛz wi wɔʧ ˈpraɪsɪz dɪˈklaɪn. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈkiˌstoʊn ˈpaɪˌplaɪn, ˈdrɪlɪŋ ˈlɛvəlz ər ˈvərʧuəli ðə seɪm ɛz wɪn ˈpraɪsɪz wər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ, ənd ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ər stɪl ɪn pleɪs. ðoʊz "ˈkɔzɪz" əv haɪ ˈpraɪsɪz ər naʊ ˈsɪmpli ˌɪgˈnɔrd baɪ ðə raɪt ɪn ðə feɪs əv dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz æt ðə pəmp, noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈɔfərd ɛz pruf əv ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˌɪnˈkɑmpətəns. ənd ðɛn ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈfaɪnəli broʊk ðɛr ˈsaɪləns, wɪθ ðə kleɪm ðət "ˌoʊˈbɑmə dɪˈzərvz noʊ ˈkrɛdɪt fər fɔl ɪn gæs ˈpraɪsɪz." ðɪs ɪz ˈæbsəˌlut pruf əv maɪ ˈθiˌsɪs; rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈbleɪtəntli ədˈmɪt ɪt. rɛd ðɪs ˈlɑʤɪk ənd wip fər ɑr ˈkəntri: ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ˈælən wɛst (r-fl*) sɛd, "ɪf jʊr ðə ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔfɪsər əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əv əˈmɛrɪkə, ju ʃʊd teɪk riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðæts əˈkərɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri, ənd ju ʃʊd nɑt wɔnt tɪ sik tɪ gɪt preɪz. ðɪs ɪz wət ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri tɔt mi: ˈlidərz doʊnt teɪk ˈkrɛdɪt, ˈlidərz teɪk riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti." əm, ˈoʊˈkeɪ. soʊ, ju bleɪm ˌoʊˈbɑmə fər ˈraɪzɪŋ gæs ˈpraɪsɪz; bət ðɛn gɪv ɪm noʊ ˈkrɛdɪt fər ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz ənˈsimli fər ə ˈlidər tɪ əkˈsɛpt ˈkrɛdɪt fər ˈifɛktɪv ˈpɑləsiz ðə ˈvɛri ˈpɑləsiz ju wər ˈbleɪmɪŋ fər ˈfeɪljər ˈərliər. maɪ hɛd hərts. maɪ hɑrt eɪks fər ðɪs greɪt lænd.
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politicians of all stripes since the dawn of time have perfected the art of feigned regret and false outrage in the face of opposition, while embracing blind indifference to their own failures. standard fare for the left and right. but the depth, intensity, and institutionalized hypocrisy of the political right has taken our country on a new course; conservatives are writing a new chapter if not a new book on cynicism, deceit and delusion. as we contemplate our world dominated by republicans controlling the house and senate, we must therefore consider life in the face of deep hypocrisy.
mitch mcconnell, with a straight face and no apparent appreciation for irony, said that voters should install a republican majority in the senate because his party would "be able to bring the current legislative gridlock to a merciful end." this really reaches new heights of absurdity. the filibuster king, the guru of gridlock himself, says that in order to end gridlock we need to elect the people who are responsible for bringing us olympian records of obstruction. mcconnell's republican army in the senate has led more filibusters than any previous congress in our nation's history, attempting to thwart any progress on a gleeful spree of "no." this is the mcconnell who made obstruction his publicly announced number one goal when obama was elected to his first term. but now mcconnell wants to say yes, to have you vote for him because he is the one to rid us of the scourge of the gridlock he created. give him a majority and voila he will make sure gridlock is a distant memory. this means of course that he expects the newly-made minority to simply go along with his agenda; you know, like he went along with the democrats when they had the majority. sigh. it is enough to make one's head explode.
no show
this story highlights the major failure of the left. democrats have not defined the agenda or narrated the story. this capitulation creates a void of reason such that absurdities like mcconnell's claim can take hold without everybody doubling over in laughter. like frightened children democrats run from obama's record, as defined by the right, rather than championing his amazing successes as defined by fact. much to the credit of the republican political machine, and with equal shame to the democrats, the far right has been able to convince the public that everything bad is obama's fault, but that obama is responsible for nothing that is good. when that does not work, they create the illusion that what is good is bad; health care comes to mind.
democrats have ceded the territory of reality to republican fantasy. need a specific example? the media of late have been touting the story of "obama's dropping approval ratings" noting that his "approval ratings have plunged to record lows" and have "plummeted" and are "sinking to historic lows." only one problem with this narrative: it is factually and demonstrably false. here is the verifiable truth: from january 1, 2014 to october 30, 2014, obama's approval rating fell from 42.6 percent to 42 percent. the year's peak was 44 percent, and the low of the year was 41 percent. a drop of about one-half of one percent does not constitute numbers that are "plummeting" or "sinking" or even "dropping." yet the democrats sit by and let this nonsense flow forth with no fight.
we can do the same analysis for past gop claims about unemployment, the war in iraq, saving the auto industry, bailing out wall street and the banks, instituting meaningful health care reform... just about anything major issue that has improved significantly over the past 7 or 8 years. you remember when unemployment exceeded 10 percent; that was obama's fault. there was a daily drumbeat denouncing the president. but with unemployment now under 6 percent, obama gets no credit, or the positive statistic is dismissed as unimportant (the same statistics with the same numerators and denominators that were critical when the numbers looked bad for obama). obama is responsible for all of our ills and deserves credit for none of our successes. this is a childish, bogus outlook, yet remains central to everything conservative. this lack of depth and nuance, and the absence of the art of compromise (actually praising obama for something), is precisely what led to the extremism of shutting down our government and threatening default on our debt. this lopsided, one-sided, one-dimensional world view is morally and intellectually bankrupt. hating obama should not be an effective political organizing strategy, but is indeed in the absence of any effective democratic backbone to counter right-wing absurdities. democrats deserve their losses; they ceded the battle before it began. hoping for failure has become the right's most effective political platform; creating the appearance of failure in the face of democratic success is now a republican sport played to victory by default because the opposing team never showed.
what goes up...
i was driving along the other day in the face of the mid-term elections, considering how democrats who ran from obama's record deserved to lose. then i passed by a service station and noted the price of gas was in the mid-range of two dollars. and the thought immediately struck; republicans have done it again -- somehow, expensive gas was obama's fault, but low prices deserve no mention, and certainly no credit. the absence of debate during the elections is all the more astonishing given that the price of gas today is the same as what we were paying nearly 10 years ago, and far from historic highs.
so... gas prices, so easily quantified, offer us the ideal case study to demonstrate that hypocrisy is truly the core foundation of right-wing thought and the basis for republican politics. i challenge anybody to provide the equivalent of what you see below for the democrats.
below we will see in black and white that the gop vocally, loudly and undeniably blamed obama for expensive gas as prices climbed toward $4 per gallon. the right openly blamed the president not only for pursuing a bad energy policy but for actively seeking higher prices. here are just a few examples:
mitt romney: obama to blame for high gas prices
romney said on fox news (where else?) that he believes "absolutely" that obama is responsible for high gas prices. to bolster his point, romney noted that obama does not allow drilling in the arctic national wildlife reserve (anwr), and his refusal to build the keystone pipeline from canada to texas. romney said of obama, "his policies are responsible for not having america using the energy that we have in this country."
house speaker john boehner (r-oh)
"the president holds the key to addressing the pain ohioans are feeling at the gas pump and moving our nation away from its reliance on foreign energy. my question for the president is: what are you waiting for?" getting more specific, boehner claimed that, "the president's own policies to date have made matters worse and driven up gas prices."
senator john barrasso: obama fully responsible for high gas prices
senator john barrasso (r-wy) claimed "the president has been a complete obstructionist on that, and his energy policy, if you want to even call it a policy, has in my opinion actually contributed if not caused the pain at the pump, and he should be held fully responsible for what the american public is paying for gasoline."
representative cory gardner (r-co): obama policies to blame for high gas prices
cory gardner jumped on the bandwagon, complaining that, "the longer we let politicians like president obama continue to block responsible american energy production, the longer our nation will continue to suffer with high gas prices and limited energy security."
national review: report finds obama policies to blame for high energy prices
"what president obama failed to accomplish through the so-called 'cap and trade' program, his administration is attempting to accomplish through regulatory roadblocks, energy tax increases, and other targeted efforts to prohibit development of domestic energy resources."
rush limbaugh: obama wants higher gas prices
oddly, in his rant against obama, rush asks, "will the media ignoring the rise in gas prices be able to keep that from becoming a major factor in people's minds over the economy and obama's role in it?" funny given the torrent of news coverage on higher gas prices, and the gop's consistent drum beat blaming obama.
high gas prices are president obama's fault
in this article, the author claims that "the obama administration's energy plan all along was based upon the rise in energy costs in order to force americans to be 'greener.'" the piece goes on to say that "president obama wants americans to believe that he is powerless to stop the high rise of gasoline prices yet it is his (in)actions that have created the crisis... what the president fails to realize is that there is no one to blame for rising energy costs other than himself."
billboard blames obama for high gas prices
in this case, a conservative businessman by the name of bret eulberg posted for all to see the message: "gas $1.85. obama took office. tight drilling regulations. no pipeline. obama = higher gas."
need i go on? can any reader, of any political persuasion, even those who only watch fox news, claim that the gop did not openly, blatantly, consistently blame obama for high gas prices? conservatives blamed obama for high gas prices. can we be any clearer about that? you simply cannot deny this fact.
deficit of reason
so what happened when the price of gas fell? what now that the price has declined into the $2 range? silence. total, complete, deafening, maddening, huge, gaping, mind-bending silence. where was obama's commitment to making prices higher? where were the impacts of obama's failed energy policies? where were the disastrous consequences of delaying the keystone pipeline? where were the catastrophic energy shortages due to overzealous epa regulations? yet not a single word from the right praising obama for lower energy prices. he was responsible for them going up, but not coming down. everything prominent republicans and wing-nut pundits said about gas prices and obama's policies proved to be wrong.
what happened when obama cracked down on oil speculation (an activity much supported by free-market zealots in the gop), driving down the price of gas by 12 cents at the pump? not a peep from the right. what happened when gas prices fell to a two-year low, with expectations that the price will continue to decline? nothing on fox news about that.
everything that the gop claimed caused high gas prices are still in place, as we watch prices decline. there is no keystone pipeline, drilling levels are virtually the same as when prices were increasing, and epa regulations are still in place. those "causes" of high prices are now simply ignored by the right in the face of declining prices at the pump, no longer offered as proof of obama's incompetence.
and then the republicans finally broke their silence, with the claim that "obama deserves no credit for fall in gas prices." this is absolute proof of my thesis; republicans blatantly admit it. read this logic and weep for our country: representative allen west (r-fl) said, "if you're the chief executive officer of the united states of america, you should take responsibility for anything that's occurring in this country, and you should not want to seek to get praise. this is what the military taught me: leaders don't take credit, leaders take responsibility." um, ok. so, you blame obama for rising gas prices; but then give him no credit for falling prices because it is unseemly for a leader to accept credit for effective policies -- the very policies you were blaming for failure earlier. my head hurts. my heart aches for this great land.
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masterchef* ˈkænədə ɪz məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪv ɛz hɛk. wɪθ tu ˈsizənz ˈəndər ðɛr bɛlts, prəˈdusərz ˈprɑpər ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən noʊ ɪgˈzæktli haʊ tɪ təg æt ɑr ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz. wɪθ ʤɪst wən aʊər əv ðɪs ˌəndərˈweɪ, aɪ wɑz ɔˈrɛdi ˈʧɪrɪŋ fər ˈfaɪnəlɪsts laɪk ˈmɛri bərg ənd ˈʤɛnəfər bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr backstories*, ənd wɔnt ðɛm tɪ goʊ ɔl ðə weɪ tɪ ðə ɛnd. əv kɔrs, səˈpoʊzd tɪ fil ðɪs weɪ, ənd wəns ju ʤɪst əkˈsɛpt ɪt, ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz laɪk ər ˌɛnərˈteɪnɪŋ boʊθ ɪn ðə slɪk pərˈdəkʃən bət ðə ˈstɔriˌtɛlɪŋ ɛz wɛl. ənd wɪθ θri ˈsizənz ˈəndər ðɛr bɛlts, ˈʤəʤɪz ˈmaɪkəl bonacini*, ˈælvɪn luŋ ənd ˈklɔdiˌoʊ ˈɑprəl noʊ haʊ tɪ ˌɪnˈʤɛkt ðɛr oʊn brænd əv ˈdrɑmə ˈɪntu ðə prəˈsidɪŋz tu. ɔl θri tʊk tərnz biɪŋ ˈkrɪtɪkəl wɪθ ðə fərst ˈhændˌfʊl əv hoʊm kʊks tɪ ʃut fər ðə tɔp 14 ənd ˈsteɪtɪd mɔr ðən wəns ðə ˈtælənt bɑr hæd bɪn reɪzd. ˈθæŋkfəli, ˈsɛvərəl kənˈtɛstənts mɛt ðə ˈʧælənʤ ər ɪkˈsidɪd ðɛm. wən wɑz ˈmɛri bərg, hu ˈoʊvərˈkeɪm ˈpərsɪnəl ˈtræʤədi (hər ˈfæməli wɑz ɪn ə kɑr ˈæksədənt jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ˈkleɪmɪŋ hər laɪf) tɪ skɔr ən ˈeɪprən. əˈnəðər wɑz ˈʤɛnəfər bagione*, hu toʊld hər oʊn teɪl. boʊθ ˈpɛrənts wər dɛf ənd ʃi ˈlərnɪd tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt θru saɪn ˈlæŋgwɪʤ. ˈæftər ðɛr ˈməðər lɛft, ˈʤɛnəfər tʊk ˈoʊvər ˈkʊkɪŋ ˈdutiz, ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ dæd hæd ə hɑt mil tɪ kəm hoʊm tɪ ˈɛvəri naɪt. ðə ˈmeɪpəl, ont*., səˈlɑn ˈmænɪʤər broʊk daʊn ɪn tɪrz waɪl ðə ˈʤəʤɪz kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪd θru hər tɪ hər ˈfɑðər ðət ʃi hæd wən ə spɑt ɪn ðə tɔp 14 nɑt ˈɛvriˌwən wɑz soʊ ˈləki. ə mɑnˈtɑʒ ˈkæpʧərd ˈsɛvərəl ˈwɑnəˌbi ˈkænədə kənˈtɛstənts ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪd bɪˈkəz ðɛr pleɪts wər tu pəˈdɛstriən, ər ʤɪst pleɪn bæd. foʊks laɪk ʃɔn əv ðə ˈhɛdˌbænd ənd aʊt wɪθ ðɛr ɑˈdɪʃən pleɪt bət wɪl ˈbætəl ɪt aʊt fər ə spɑt ɪn ðə ʃoʊ ˈviə ˈkɪʧən ˈkʊkɪŋ bɪˈkəz ðə ˈʤəʤɪz sɔ ə ˈglɪmər əv ˈtælənt. hu wɪl wɪn ðə grænd praɪz ənd ˈkænədə ˈtaɪtəl? tu sun tɪ tɛl, bət goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə fən (ənd tear-filled*) raɪd ɔn ðə weɪ tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ. tɛl mi hu ju θɪŋk wɪl wɪn ˈviə ðə ˈkɑmɛnts bɪˈloʊ. ˈkænədə ɛrz ˈsənˌdiz æt 7 p.m*. ɔn ctv*.
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masterchef canada is manipulative as heck. with two seasons under their belts, producers proper television know exactly how to tug at our emotions. with just one hour of this go-round underway, i was already cheering for finalists like mary berg and jennifer baglioni because of their backstories, and want them to go all the way to the end.
of course, i’m supposed to feel this way, and once you just accept it, episodes like sunday’s are entertaining both in the slick production but the storytelling as well. and with three seasons under their belts, judges michael bonacini, alvin leung and claudio aprile know how to inject their own brand of drama into the proceedings too. all three took turns being critical with the first handful of home cooks to shoot for the top 14, and stated more than once the talent bar had been raised. thankfully, several contestants met the challenge or exceeded them.
one was mary berg, who overcame personal tragedy (her family was in a car accident years ago, claiming her father’s life) to score an apron. another was jennifer bagione, who told her own tear-induced tale. both parents were deaf and she learned to communicate through sign language. after their mother left, jennifer took over cooking duties, ensuring dad had a hot meal to come home to every night. the maple, ont., salon manager broke down in tears while the judges communicated through her to her father that she had won a spot in the top 14.
not everyone was so lucky. a montage captured several wannabe masterchef canada contestants eliminated because their plates were too pedestrian, under-seasoned or just plain bad. folks like sean hickey—he of the bacon-themed headband and apron—bombed out with their audition plate but will battle it out for a spot in the show via kitchen cooking because the judges saw a glimmer of talent.
who will win the $100,000 grand prize and masterchef canada title? it’s too soon to tell, but it’s going to be a fun (and tear-filled) ride on the way to deciding. tell me who you think will win via the comments below.
masterchef canada airs sundays at 7 p.m. et/pt on ctv.
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1 ˈpoʊstɪʤ, ˈʃɪpɪŋ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈsɪgnəʧər ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən wɪl bi ˈmænjuəli ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd ˈæftər ðə seɪl fər ðə ɪnˈtaɪər grup əv ˈpərʧəsɪz. ɪf ju hæv ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kˈwɛsʧənz, pliz fil fri tɪ kɔl ˈjuˈɛs æt 2 ðɪs ɪz ə ˈpəblɪk ˈɔkʃən ənd ɪz kənˈdəktəd baɪ ə ˈlaɪsənst ˈɔkʃən ˈkəmpəˌni. ðɛr wɪl bi ə 23 baɪərz ˈprimiəm ˈædɪd tɪ ɔl ˈɪnvɔɪsɪz, ənˈlɛs ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈsteɪtɪd ɔn ˈkætəlɔg peɪʤ. ðə ˌɑkʃəˈnɪr wɪl ˈoʊpən ˈbɪdɪŋ æt ə ˈrizənəbəl praɪs ər ðə əˈmaʊnt ɔn iʧ lɔt ənd meɪ sɛt ˈbɪdɪŋ ˈɪŋkrəˌmɛnts ɛz dimz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. ðə dɪˈsɪʒənz ər ˈfaɪnəl. noʊ lɑts wɪl bi ˈbroʊkən, pliz du nɑt æsk. 3 lɑts wɪl bi soʊld tɪ ðə haɪəst ˈbɪdər. ˌæbsənˈti bɪdz wɪl bi ˈtritɪd ɛz ˈlɪmɪts, ɪf ˈæpləkəbəl. ˈɔkʃənz, ɪŋk rɪˈzərvz ðə raɪt tɪ ˈrɛfˌjuz ˈɛni bɪd. wi rɪˈzərv ðə raɪt tɪ pʊl ˈɛni ˈaɪtəmz æt ˈɛni taɪm frəm ɑr ˈɔkʃən. wi rɪˈzərv ðə raɪt tɪ riˈtrækt bɪdz ɛz wi fil fɪt. 4 ˈwərdɪŋ, wɪʧ ɪz səˈbʤɛktɪv, ənd ˈəðər dɪˈskrɪpʃənz ər ðə əˈpɪnjən əv ðə ˈɔkʃən haʊs. noʊ ˈwɔrənti ɪz ɪkˈsprɛst, ˌɪmˈplaɪd ər prəˈvaɪdɪd, sɪns ðiz əˈpɪnjənz kən ənd du ˈvɛri əˈməŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz. noʊ lɑts meɪ bi rɪˈtərnd baɪ ˈbɪdərz. 4a*- ɔl "ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈvæljuz" prəˈvaɪdɪd ər beɪst ɔn ˈriˌteɪl ˈpraɪsɪz ɔn ˈkɑmprəbəl ˈaɪtəmz ɪn ɑr ˈloʊkəl ˈmɑrkɪt (ˈbɛvərli hɪlz, ˈsiˈeɪ). 5 ɔl seɪlz ər ˈfaɪnəl, noʊ rɪˈtərnz wɪl bi ækˈsɛptɪd. 6 ɔl seɪlz ər ˈstrɪktli ɪn juz. ˈdɔlərz. ˈɛniˌwən ˈwɪʃɪŋ tɪ ˈpərʧəs lɑts ɪn ˈsiˈeɪ wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi ʧɑrʤd seɪlz tæks əv ɔl ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈbɪdərz peɪ ˈpoʊstɪʤ ənd ˈhændəlɪŋ, ˈʃɪpɪŋ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ənd dɪˈlɪvəri ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən fi. kɔl ˈjuˈɛs tɪ meɪk ə ˈpeɪmənt ˈæftər ðə ˈɔkʃən ˈkloʊzɪz, ˈəðərˌwaɪz ðɛr wɪl bi ən əˈdɪʃənəl ʧɑrʤ fər leɪt fiz. 8 ɔl ˈpeɪmənts ər tɪ bi meɪd ɪn fʊl ɛz sun ɛz ðə ˈhæmər fɔlz. noʊ ɪkˈsɛpʃənz. ɪf wi hæv nɑt rɪˈsivd ˈpeɪmənt wɪˈθɪn 48 aʊərz əv ðə ˈɔkʃən, ə 35 riˈsɛlɪŋ fi wɪl bi ʧɑrʤd. 9 ˈpoʊstɪʤ ˈʧɑrʤɪz wɪl bi beɪst ɔn ˈfɛˈdɛks ənd reɪts, ə ˈhændəlɪŋ fi əv 1 pər ˈaɪtəm ənd ˈɛni kɔsts fər ˈpækɪŋ məˈtɪriəl (wi ər ˈɑnəst, ənd ˈsɪmpli ʧɑrʤ fər ˈbɑksɪz ənd ˈpækɪŋ məˈtɪriəl nɑt fər ˈpækɪŋ taɪm ənd ˈəðər rɪˈdɪkjələs θɪŋz əv ðət sɔrt). wi ˈɔlˌweɪz juz nu ˈpækɪŋ məˈtɪriəl nu ˈbɑksɪz tɪ meɪk ʃʊr wi ər ˈʃɪpɪŋ ˈaɪtəmz ɪn əˈkɔrdəns wɪθ ər ˈfɛˈdɛks prəˈsiʤər, soʊ ɪn ðə ɪˈvɛnt ju hæv tɪ meɪk ə kleɪm fər ə ˈdæmɪʤd kleɪm wɪl nɑt bi dɪˈnaɪd. ˈaɪtəmz wɪl bi ʃɪpt ənd ˌɪnˈʃʊrd wɪθ ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən æt baɪərz ɪkˈspɛns. pliz noʊt: (aɪ) wi ər nɑt riˈspɑnsəbəl fər lɔst, ˈstoʊlən ər ˈdæmɪʤd ˈaɪtəmz. **pliz rɛd "ˈʃɪpɪŋ 10 bɪdz ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz məst bi ˈpərsənəli ˌgɛrənˈtid baɪ wən ər mɔr əv ɪts ˈɔfɪsərz. ˈɛni ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd ˈpeɪmənt meɪd baɪ ə ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ə ʧɑrʤ. iʧ ˈbɪdər ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər bɪdz, ənd ˈkænɑt ækt fər ə θərd ˈpɑrti. baɪər ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər əˈtərni, ˈəðər ʤuˈdɪʃəl fiz, ənd ɪkˈspɛnsɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ˈɪnvɔɪsɪz. 12 ɪf ju ər ðə ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈbɪdər, ju məst peɪ fər ðə ˈaɪtəm, noʊ ɪkˈsɛpʃənz. ɪf ju nid ˌɪˈmiˌdiət əˈsɪstəns pliz kɔl ɑr ˈɔkʃən haʊs æt: ɪf ju weɪt ənˈtɪl ðə ˈɔkʃən ɪz ˈoʊvər tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ə ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ə bɪd ðət rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ə wɪn, ənd du nɑt peɪ, ju wɪl bi ʧɑrʤd ə 35 riˈsɛlɪŋ fi, ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ðə 23 baɪərz ˈprimiəm. noʊ ɪkˈsɛpʃənz. 13 pliz noʊt: ˈbɪdɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ˈɔkʃən, ˈwɛðər ɪn ˈpərsən ər ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt, ˈkɑnstəˌtuts fʊl əkˈsɛptəns baɪ ðə ˈbɪdər əv ðə fɔrˈgoʊɪŋ tərmz əv seɪl. 14 ɔl ˈaɪtəmz wɪl bi sɛnt wɪˈθɪn (ˈbɪznɪs) deɪz əv ðə ˈɔkʃən. 15 ɔl tərmz ənd kənˈdɪʃənz ər ˈstrɪktli ɛnˈfɔrst, wɪθ noʊ ɪkˈsɛpʃənz. wi hæv ə "ju wɪn, ju baɪ" ˈpɑləsi. pliz bi ədˈvaɪzd ðət ðɛr ɪz ə 23 baɪərz ˈprimiəm. əkˈsɛptɪŋ ðiz tərmz ənd kənˈdɪʃənz, ənd ˈbɪdɪŋ ɪn ɑr ˈɔkʃən, ju ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli əˈgri tɪ ɑr "noʊ" ˈpɑləsi. wɪʧ ɔl ˈbɪdərz əˈgri tɪ ˈnɛvər ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪt ə fər ˈɛni ˈrizən ənˈlɛs wi hæv ˌmɪsrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ən ˈaɪtəm, ənd ɪn ðət keɪs wi æsk ju tɪ pliz ˈkɑnˌtækt ɑr ˈɔkʃən haʊs tɪ gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ raɪt ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən praɪər tɪ ju duɪŋ ə. 17 ɔl ˌɪnˈspɛkʃənz ənd du ˈdɪlɪʤəns ər ðə soʊl riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti əv ðə bidder/buyer*. ɑr ˈtaɪtəlz ər beɪst ɔn ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən prəˈvaɪdɪd tɪ ˈjuˈɛs baɪ ðə ˈsɛlər, ənd ˈɔkʃənz, ɪŋk. ɪn noʊ weɪ ˌgɛrənˈtiz ˌɔθənˈtɪsɪti ər kənˈkər wɪθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən prəˈvaɪdɪd tɪ ˈjuˈɛs. ɔl ˈpərʧəsɪz ˈoʊvər 2500 (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ baɪərz ˈprimiəm) wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər ə waɪər ˈtrænsfər ɔl ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈbɪdərz məst peɪ ˈviə waɪər ˈtrænsfər ˈoʊnli.
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1- postage, shipping insurance & signature confirmation will be manually calculated after the sale for the entire group of purchases. if you have important questions, please feel free to call us at (760)610-4175. 2- this is a public auction and is conducted by a licensed auction company. there will be a 23% buyer's premium added to all invoices, unless otherwise stated on catalog page. the auctioneer will open bidding at a reasonable price or the pre-bid amount on each lot and may set bidding increments as he/she deems necessary. the auctioneer's decisions are final. no lots will be broken, please do not ask. 3- lots will be sold to the highest bidder. absentee bids will be treated as limits, if applicable. gws auctions, inc reserves the right to refuse any bid. we reserve the right to pull any items at any time from our auction. we reserve the right to retract bids as we feel fit. 4- wording, which is subjective, and other adjectival descriptions are the opinion of the auction house. no warranty is expressed, implied or provided, since these opinions can and do vary among individuals. no lots may be returned by bidders. 4a- all "estimated values" provided are based on retail prices on comparable items in our local market (beverly hills, ca). 5- all sales are final, no returns will be accepted. 6- all sales are strictly in u.s. dollars. anyone wishing to purchase lots in ca will also be charged sales tax of 8.75% all winning bidders pay postage and handling, shipping insurance and delivery confirmation fee. 7-please call us to make a payment after the auction closes, otherwise there will be an additional 3.5% charge for late fees. 8- all payments are to be made in full as soon as the hammer falls. no exceptions. if we have not received payment within 48 hours of the auction, a 35% reselling fee will be charged. 9- postage charges will be based on fedex and usps rates, a handling fee of $1 per item and any costs for packing material (we are honest, and simply charge for boxes and packing material not for packing time and other ridiculous things of that sort). we always use new packing material & new boxes to make sure we are shipping items in accordance with usps or fedex procedure, so in the event you have to make a claim for a damaged item-the claim will not be denied. items will be shipped and insured with delivery/signature confirmation at buyer's expense. please note: (i) we are not responsible for lost, stolen or damaged items. **please read "shipping instructions"** 10- bids on behalf of corporations must be personally guaranteed by one or more of it's officers. any credit card payment made by a corporation is subject to a 4.25% charge. each bidder is responsible for his/her bids, and cannot act for a third party. 11-the buyer is responsible for attorney, other judicial fees, and expenses involved in collection of outstanding invoices. 12- if you are the winning bidder, you must pay for the item, no exceptions. if you need immediate assistance please call our auction house at: 760-610-4175, if you wait until the auction is over to report a problem with a bid that resulted in a win, and do not pay, you will be charged a 35% reselling fee, subject to the 23% buyer's premium. no exceptions. 13- please note: bidding in this auction, whether in person or on the internet, constitutes full acceptance by the bidder of the foregoing terms of sale. 14- all items will be sent within 5-7 (business) days of the auction. 15- all terms and conditions are strictly enforced, with no exceptions. we have a "you win, you buy" policy. please be advised that there is a 23% buyer's premium. 16-by accepting these terms and conditions, and bidding in our auction, you automatically agree to our "no chargeback" policy. which states-that all bidders agree to never initiate a chargeback for any reason unless we have misrepresented an item, and in that case we ask you to please contact our auction house to give us an opportunity to right the situation prior to you doing a chargeback. 760-610-4175. 17 - all inspections and due diligence are the sole responsibility of the bidder/buyer. our titles are based on the information provided to us by the seller, and gws auctions, inc. in no way guarantees authenticity or concur with information provided to us. 17a - all purchases over $2500 (including buyer's premium) will require a wire transfer 17b - all international bidders must pay via wire transfer only.
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ə ˈkəpəl əv mənθs əˈgoʊ, aɪ ˈɪntərvˌjud ə ˈwʊmən ɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈhaʊzɪŋ ɪn ðə smɔl taʊn əv ˈwɪlsən, nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə. ʃi toʊld mi ðət ðə bɛst θɪŋ ðət ˈɛvər ˈhæpənd tɪ hər ˈfæməli wɑz ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs ˈoʊvər ðə ˈsɪtiz mjuˈnɪsəpəl ˈfaɪbər ˈnɛtˌwərk. ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn hər ˈmənθli rɛnt bɪl ɪz ə 10 fi fər 50 ˈækˌsɛs (ˈikwəl ənd ˈdaʊnˌloʊdz). waɪ ɪz ðɪs soʊ ˈwəndərfəl? bɪˈkəz hər sənz ər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈbɛtər greɪdz, naʊ ðət ðeɪ doʊnt hæv tɪ goʊ tɪ ðə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri tɪ juz ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. ˈsædli, nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ɪz fɑr bɪˈhaɪnd ˈwɪlsən, wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ juˈbɪkwɪtəs, ˈrizənəbli praɪst ˈfaɪbər ˈɑptɪk ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs fər ˈɛvəri ˈrɛzɪdənt. ɛz fɑr ɛz ˈɛniˌwən kən tɛl, ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl dɪˈvaɪd ɪn ðə ˈsɪti ɪz ˈstənɪŋ: ə sɛpˈtɛmbər 2015 ˈɔdɪt baɪ ˈsɪti ˈkɑmˌtroʊlər skɑt ˈɔfəs faʊnd ðət mɔr ðən ə kˈwɔrtər əv ˈsɪti ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz lækt ““broadband”*” ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs (dɪˈfaɪnd ɛz ˈɛni waɪərd kəˈnɛkʃən ˈəðər ðən dial-up*, ˈminɪŋ ðət ˈmənθli səbˈskrɪpʃənz tɪ ˈtoʊtəli ˈæntəkˌweɪtɪd kəˈnɛkʃənz ˈoʊvər ˈkɑpər laɪnz kˈwɑləˌfaɪd). ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ɪn ðə brɑŋks ənd ˈbrʊklɪn wər list ˈlaɪkli tɪ hæv saɪnd əp fər ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs. ˈsuzən ˈkrɔfərd ɪz ə ˈkɑləmnəst fər ənd ə prəˈfɛsər æt ˈhɑrvərd lɔ skul. ʃi ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈɔθər əv ðə rɪˈspɑnsɪv ˈsɪti ənd ˈkæptɪv ˈɔdiəns. saɪn əp tɪ gɪt ˈwikli ˈnuzˌlɛtər. wi noʊ ðət ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈrizən ˈpipəl saɪn əp ɪz praɪs. ðɪs pɔɪnt kips ˈkəmɪŋ hoʊm tɪ mi ɛz aɪ ˈɪntərvˌju ˈpipəl frəm ɔl wɔks əv laɪf ɪn ðə ˈskræpi ˈsɪtiz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri ðət ər duɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ə juˈbɪkwɪtəs ˈəpˈgreɪd tɪ ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈfaɪbər kəˈnɛkʃənz. ˈpipəl ˈrɪli wɔnt ənd nid ðɪs kənɛkˈtɪvɪti. jɛt ɪn ɑr ˈflægˌʃɪp ˈsɪti, ˈpraɪsɪz fər (non-fiber*) ˈækˌsɛs ər ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəli ənd aʊt əv riʧ fər ˈmɛni ˈfæməliz. ənd soʊ rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ɪz ðət ðə ˈsɪti ˈæˌkʧuəli dɪz hæv ðə ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri əˈθɔrəti tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˌɪˈnædəkˌweɪt kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈfaɪbər ˈækˌsɛs ɪn mænˈhætən ənd ðə brɑŋks. jɛs, foʊks: nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ɪz ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər əv ɔl ðə ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ˈkɑnʤuɪt ɪn ðoʊz tu bəroʊz ˈminɪŋ ðə paɪps ˈrənɪŋ ˈəndər ðə strits θru wɪʧ ˈfaɪbər ˈɑptɪk laɪnz ər θˈrɛdɪd. æt ˈɛni ˈmoʊmənt, ɪt kʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ðət əˈdɪʃənəl ˈkɑnʤuɪt bi bɪlt wɛr ɪt naʊ ɪgˈzɪst. ɪt kʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ðət ˈkɑnʤuɪt ðət ɪz naʊ ˈdɛkeɪdz oʊld bi klind ənd rɪˈpɛrd. ənd ɪt kʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ðət ðət ˈkɑnʤuɪt rən tɪ ˈɛvəri ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsɪti, ənd ˌrikˈwaɪər ðət ɔl nu ˈbɪldɪŋz hæv ˈnutrəl kəˈnɛkʃən pɔɪnts ɪn ðɛr ˈbeɪsmənts əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈmɛni kəmˈpɛtɪtərz tɪ hɔk ðɛr ˈsərvɪsɪz tɪ ˈtɛnənts. ɪf ðə ˈsɪti tʊk ðiz stɛps wɪʧ, baɪ ðə weɪ, ər naʊ biɪŋ ˈkɑntəmˌpleɪtɪd baɪ sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, soʊ pərˈhæps pɪr ˈprɛʃər wɪl nəʤ θɪŋz əˈlɔŋ ɪt wʊd ˈfɑstər ə kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈmɑrkɪtˌpleɪs fər ˈriˌteɪl ˈsərvɪsɪz fər ˈɛvriˌwən. ˈdəzənz əv kəmˈpɛtɪtərz. loʊ ˈpraɪsɪz fər ˈdætə trænzˈmɪʃən. bət ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət, ɛz fɑr ɛz aɪ kən tɛl, ðə ˈsɪti ðət ˈnɛvər slips ɪz, ɪn fækt, əsˈlip: ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈteɪkɪŋ ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ɪts paʊərz. ðət ɪz waɪ aɪ sud ðə ˈsɪti faɪv jɪrz əˈgoʊ ˈsikɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ɪts ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈɛfərts. hir ɪz səm gʊd nuz: ə steɪt kɔrt ɪn nu jɔrk ˈrisəntli əˈgrid wɪθ mi ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt wət ðə ˈsɪti ɪz əp tɪ ɛz ə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ˌəndərˈsərvd ˈɛriəz, ʃʊd bi meɪd ˈpəblɪk. taɪm ˈwɔrnər ˈkeɪbəl (naʊ ˈspɛktrəm), at&t*, ənd ˌvɛˈraɪzən wɔnt ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ kəm tɪ laɪt. bət ˈsɪtɪzənz əv nu jɔrk ʃʊd. ˈwɪrdli, ðɪs ˈstɔri əv ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs bɪˈgɪnz 126 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə greɪt ˈblɪzərd əv 1891 ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ ðə ˈtæŋgəld laɪnz əv ðə ˈmɛni ˈpraɪvət ˈtɛləˌfoʊn ˈkəmpəˌniz fɛl ənd kɔzd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz keɪɑs, ðə ˈsɪti ˈməsəld ɔl ðə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz juˈtɪlətiz ˈɪntu kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən ənd fɔrst ðɛm tɪ ˈbɛri ðɛr laɪnz. ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɛntɪti, kɔld ˈɛmpaɪər ˈsɪti ˈsəbˌweɪ, wɑz fɔrmd tɪ bɪld, meɪnˈteɪn, ənd ɪkˈspænd ˈkɑnʤuɪt ˈəndər ðə strits əv mænˈhætən ənd ðə brɑŋks. (ðə wərd "ˈsəbˌweɪ" hir rɪˈfərz tɪ ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ˈspeɪsɪz ər pæθs, nɑt treɪnz.) ˈəndər ən 1891 ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ ðə ˈsɪti, wɪʧ həz ˈnɛvər bɪn əˈmɛndɪd, wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ðə ɪkˈsklusɪv ˈfrænˌʧaɪz tɪ du ðɪs ʤɑb. ˈæftər ˈdɛkeɪdz əv kənˌsɑləˈdeɪʃən səˈpraɪz! ɪz naʊ ə səbˈsɪdiˌɛri əv ˌvɛˈraɪzən. jɛs, stɪl həz ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ ðə ˈsɪti ˈəndər wɪʧ ðə ˈsɪti kən ˈɔrdər ənd dɪˈrɛkt ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd ˈmeɪntənəns əv ˈkɑnʤuɪt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkɑnʤuɪt ɪt nidz fər ɪts oʊn ˈpərpəsɪz. ðə ˈsɪti kən ˌrikˈwaɪər ðət ˈkɑnʤuɪt bi ɪkˈspændɪd. bət ˌvɛˈraɪzən ˈænsərz ðə foʊn. ˈtrɪki. əˈnəðər ˈrɪŋkəl. ˈpipəl hu ˈfɑloʊ ðə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈmɔræs ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti meɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ˌvɛˈraɪzən wərkt ə dil ɪn 2008 wɪθ ðə ˈblumbərg ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni sɔrt əv əˈgrid tɪ waɪər ˈɛvəri ˈbɪldɪŋ wɪθ ɪts prəˈpraɪəˌtɛri (ənd ˈvɛri ɪkˈspɛnsɪv) ˈfaɪbər ˈsərvɪsɪz. ðɪs ˈhæpənd. ðɛr ər lɑts əv ˈrizənz fər ðɪs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈlænˌdlɔrd ˌɪnˈtrænsɪʤəns, lus ˈligəl ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ənd ˈlaɪkli dɪˈsɪntərəst ɔn pɑrt ɪn ˈsərvɪŋ ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ɪn wɪʧ ˈpipəl peɪ ɪts reɪts. bət ˈhævɪŋ ˈɛvriˌwɛr hæv bɪn ðə bɛst səˈluʃən fər ðə ˈsɪti ɛz ə hoʊl ˈɛniˌweɪ. wət ju ˈrɪli wɔnt ɪz ə juˈtɪləti ˈsərvɪs ɪn ˈɛni əv θri fɔrmz: air”*” (lɑts əv klin, ˈkɑnʤuɪt ˈɛvriˌwɛr, ˈrənɪŋ ɔl ðə weɪ tɪ ˈɛvəri ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd ˈrɛzɪdəns, əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈɛni ˈriˌteɪl prəˈvaɪdər æt ˈnɑndɪˈskrɪmənəˌtɔri ˈpraɪsɪz), ər fiber”*” (lɑts əv ˈpæsɪv, ˈfaɪbər ɪn ðə graʊnd ˈɛvriˌwɛr, ˈrɛdi tɪ bi lɪt baɪ ˈɛni ˈriˌteɪl prəˈvaɪdər), ər ə ˈvɛri fæst, ʧip ˈfaɪbər ˈsərvɪs dɪˈzaɪnd ənd rən ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈɪntəˌrɛst, ɛz ɪn ˈwɪlsən. (ɛz ˈrɪtən ˈmɛni taɪmz, ˈoʊpən ˈfaɪbər wɪθ ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈnutrəl kəˈnɛkʃən pɔɪnts fər “5g”*” ˈwaɪrlɪs ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli tɛkˈnɑləʤi ðət meɪks sɛns tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ ðiz deɪz.) ˈɛni əv ðiz pæθs lidz tɪ ˈriˌteɪl ˈfaɪbər ˈsərvɪs, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪf ðə ˈsɪti ɪz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˌrikˈwaɪər ðət prəˈvaɪdərz ɪn ˈpurər ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ər tɪ ˈpəblɪk ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈjunɪts sɛl ðət ˈsərvɪs æt ˈʃɑrpli ˈdɪˌskaʊnɪd ˈpraɪsɪz. ðət læst stɛp wʊd goʊ ə lɔŋ weɪ təˈwɔrd æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə ˈsɪtiz ˈʃeɪmfəl ˈdɪʤɪtəl dɪˈvaɪd. bət ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ˈɛni wən əv ðiz θri rʊts, ðə ˈsɪti wʊd hæv tɪ ˈrɪli teɪk ʧɑrʤ əv ɪts ˈkɑnʤuɪt. ɪt wʊd hæv tɪ stɑp ˈlɛtɪŋ ˌvɛˈraɪzən ˈdɪkˌteɪt ðə fˈjuʧər əv kənɛkˈtɪvɪti. ɛz fɑr ɛz aɪ kən tɛl, ðə ˈsɪti ˈsɪmpli dən ðɪs. ə 2010 ˈɔdɪt bæks mi əp: ʤɑn lju, ðɛn ðə ˈkɑmˌtroʊlər, faʊnd ðət dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz] həz nɑt ɪnˈʃʊrd ðət ˈifɛktɪvli ˈmænɪʤɪz, ˈkɑnstrəkts, ər rɪˈtaɪrz ˈkɑndwəts ɛz rikˈwaɪərd agreement.”*.” ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪd ˈdætə ˈstrɔŋli səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət wɑz ˈfeɪvərɪŋ ɪts ˈpɛrənt ˈkəmpəˌni, ˌvɛˈraɪzən, wɪn kənˈstrəktɪŋ ər ˈfɪlɪŋ nu ˈkɑnʤuɪt. hɪrz ðə ˈrɛləvənt ˈlæŋgwɪʤ frəm ðə ˈkɑnˌtrækt: ɪf æt ˈɛni taɪm ðə speɪs ɪn səʧ ˈsəbˌweɪz, ˈkɑnʤuɪt dəkts ʃæl nɑt bi səˈfɪʃənt fər ɔl ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz ər ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz soʊ əˈplaɪɪŋ fər ðə seɪm, ər fər ðə ˈsɪti əv nu jɔrk, ər ˈɛni əv ɪts dɪˈpɑrtmənts, ðə əˈdɪʃənəl speɪs ˈnidɪd ʃæl bi prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə ˈpɑrti əv ðə ˈsɛkənd pɑrt [i.e*.,] æt ɪts oʊn kɔst, baɪ ðə kənˈstrəkʃən, ˈmeɪntənəns, ɪkˈwɪpmənt ənd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən əv əˈdɪʃənəl ˈsəbˌweɪz, ˈkɑndwəts ənd dəkts, səˈfɪʃənt ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ˈsəbʤɪkt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, tɪ ðə seɪm kənˈdɪʃənz ənd ðə seɪm kənˈtroʊl baɪ ðə ˈpɑrtiz əv ðə fərst pɑrt ər ðɛr səkˈsɛsərz, [i.e*., nu jɔrk ˈsɪti] ɛz ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈsəbˌweɪz, ˈkɑndwəts ənd dəkts ər baɪ ðə tərmz əv ðɪs ˈkɑnˌtrækt ənd baɪ ˈɛni lɔ. tɪ dɪˈkoʊd: ðə ˈkɑnˌtrækt rikˈwaɪərz tɪ ˈkɑnstrəkt, meɪnˈteɪn, ənd ɪkˈspænd ˈkɑnʤuɪt wɪn ˈnidɪd baɪ kəmˈpɛtɪtərz ər ðə ˈsɪti, ənd ðɛn lis ðət ˈkɑnʤuɪt æt ˈnɑndɪˈskrɪmənəˌtɔri reɪts tɪ ðə ˈɛntɪtiz ðət nid ɪt. ɪn rɪˈtərn, gɪts tɪ kip ə 10 pərˈsɛnt rɪˈtərn ɔn ɪts ˈkæpɪtəl ɪkˈspɛnsɪz, ənd ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ rɪˈtərn ˈɛni ˈɛkˌsɛs ˈprɑfɪts tɪ ðə ˈsɪti. ðə ˈsɪti, ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd baɪ doitt*, ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈoʊvərˌsi ðə ˈkɑnˌtrækt. wi hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə haʊ ðə ˈsɪti ɪz duɪŋ ɛz ə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər ənd ˈmænɪʤər əv ðə ˈkɑnʤuɪt ˈəndər ðə strits əv mænˈhætən ənd ðə brɑŋks. ðə skræps əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wi hæv ər nɑt ˈprɑməsɪŋ: ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət ˈpɔrʃənz əv ðə ˈkɑnʤuɪt ˈnɛtˌwərk ər ɪn ˈtɛrəbəl ʃeɪp, wɪθ lɑts əv klɔgd ər kəˈlæpst ˈkɑndwəts aʊt ðɛr. bət bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈsɪtiz ˈstoʊnˌwɔlɪŋ, wi hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə haʊ bæd ðɪs ˈprɑbləm ɪz. wi hæv noʊ ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə steɪt ər ˈivɪn ɪgˈzɪstəns əv səʧ ˈkɑnʤuɪt ɪn ðə ˈpurər pɑrts əv mænˈhætən ənd ðə brɑŋks, ər hu ɪz prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈsərvɪs wɛr, ər æt wət kɔst. wi noʊ ˈwɛðər ˈkɑnʤuɪt goʊz ɔl ðə weɪ tɪ ˈbɪldɪŋz. wi doʊnt noʊ ˈwɛðər ðə ˈsɪti ər ɪz ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ˈnɑndɪˈskrɪmənəˌtɔri reɪts fər ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈkɑnʤuɪt ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈəðər stɛps ðət wʊd ɪnˈkərəʤ ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən. wi doʊnt noʊ ˈwɛðər ðə ˈsɪti ɪz ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðət ðɛr ər ˈædəkˌweɪt ˈnutrəl ˌɪntərkəˈnɛkʃən pɔɪnts wɪθ ˈkɑnʤuɪt fər ədˈvænst ˈwaɪrlɪs ˈsərvɪsɪz. ɔl əv ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz əˈpɛrəntli ˈsikrɪt. ɪn 2012 aɪ faɪld ə ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən rɪkˈwɛst ˈæskɪŋ ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ækˈtɪvɪtiz bi meɪd ˈpəblɪk. fər ðə læst faɪv jɪrz, ðə jeɪl lɔ skul ˈmidiə ˈfridəm ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈækˌsɛs ˈklɪnɪk həz bɪn ˈvæljəntli əˈsɪstɪŋ mi. ðə ˈlɑʤɪk aɪ hæv bɪn ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: ˈpəblɪk dɪˈskloʊʒər əv ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən meɪ fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ˈgreɪtər ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən fər ˈfaɪbər ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs ˈsərvɪs, ənd wɪl ˈbɛtər əˈlaʊ ˈrisərʧərz, pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈlidərz, ənd nu jɔrk ˈsɪtɪzənz ˈʤɛnərəli tɪ ˈmɑnətər ˈwɛðər ðə ˈsɪti əv nu jɔrk ɪz fʊlˈfɪlɪŋ ɪts ˈmænˌdeɪt, ˈteɪkɪŋ əˈproʊpriˌeɪt stɛps tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər θruaʊt ðə ˈsɪti, ənd ˈædəkwɪtli ˈoʊvərˌsiɪŋ ðə ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ. ðə ˈsɪti ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ˈifɛktɪvli ənd ɪˈfɪʃəntli meɪks ˈkɑnʤuɪt əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈsərvɪs prəˈvaɪdərz ɛz ˈnidɪd baɪ ðɛm ənd ɪn ə ˈmænər ðət prəˈmoʊts əˈfɔrdəbəl ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ɔl nu jɔrk ˈrɛzɪdənts. ənd ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ʃoʊ ˈjuˈɛs ɪt ɪz duɪŋ ɪts ʤɑb. wi ˈstɑrtɪd ɔf ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2012 wɪθ ə pəˈtɪʃən ˈsikɪŋ ðə ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ˈkɑnʤuɪt. ðə ˈsɪti rɪfˈjuzd tɪ riˈlis mæps, seɪɪŋ ðət ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɑz ɪgˈzɛmpt frəm dɪˈskloʊʒər bɪˈkəz əv safety”*” ənd infrastructure”*” ɪn nu jɔrk lɔ. ðə kɔrt əˈgrid ðət ðɛr wər səm ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər kənˈsərnz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn riˈlisɪŋ mæps, bət wɛnt ɔn tɪ seɪ ðət ðɛr maɪt bi ˈəðər fɔrmz əv ˈdɑkjəmənts ðət kʊd bi riˈlist ənd ərʤd ðə ˈsɪti tɪ kip ˈlʊkɪŋ. ɪn leɪt 2014 ðə ˈsɪti rɪˈsivd frəm səm ˈsprɛdˌʃits wɪθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt loʊˈkeɪʃən, əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti, ənd juz əv ˈkɑnʤuɪt. soʊ wi faɪld əˈnəðər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən rɪkˈwɛst, ˈæskɪŋ fər mɔr dɪˈteɪld ˈdætə. ˈæftər ə lɔt əv ˈræŋgəlɪŋ, ɪn ˈərli 2015 ðə ˈsɪti dɪˈskloʊzd ˈhɛvəli rɪˈdæktɪd ˈvərʒənz əv ðə ˈsprɛdˌʃits ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˈoʊnli lɪsts əv ˈmænˌhoʊl ənd dəkt aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈnəmbərz. ðə ˈsɪti ˈivɪn ɪkˈspleɪn tɪ ˈjuˈɛs wət ðə ˈnəmbərz mɛnt, ənd kleɪmd ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət hæd bɪn blæŋkt aʊt ɪn ðə ˈkəstəmər ˈkɑləm əv ðə ˈsprɛdˌʃits (prɪˈzuməbli ðə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈɛntɪti ˈrɛntɪŋ ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈkɑnʤuɪt) wɑz ɪnˈtaɪərli ə treɪd ˈsikrɪt. wi əˈpild ɪn baɪ ðɪs pɔɪnt, wi hæd ˈnɛroʊd ɑr rɪkˈwɛst tɪ sik ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˌəndərˈsərvd ˈɛriəz, tɪ kip ðə ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə ˈsɪrɪŋ ənd dɪˈstrəktɪv ˈprɑbləmz əv ˌɪˈnædəkˌweɪt ˈækˌsɛs ɪn ðə ˈsɪti ðət ər ˈæmpləˌfaɪɪŋ ənd ɛnˈtrɛnʧɪŋ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti. ə hoʊl ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv lɔ ˈstudənts hæd kəm ənd gɔn sɪns wi ˈstɑrtɪd ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs. nu wənz əraɪvd ənd kɛpt ˈskræmbəlɪŋ θru ðɪs ˈmætər, ˈpeɪʃəntli rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ə ˈfləri əv əˈbʤɛkʃənz frəm taɪm ˈwɔrnər ˈkeɪbəl (naʊ ˈspɛktrəm), ˌvɛˈraɪzən, at&t*, ənd. læst mənθ, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ən əˈdɛpt ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən əv ɑr ˈɑrgjəmənts baɪ ˈtiʧɪŋ ˈfɛloʊ ənd ˈsupərˌvaɪzɪŋ əˈtərni ˈhænə əv ðə jeɪl lɔ skul ˈklɪnɪk, ʤəʤ ʤoʊn bi. əv nu jɔrk səˈprim kɔrt ˈɪʃud ə ˈlɛŋθi dɪˈsɪʒən səˈpɔrtɪŋ ɑr rɪkˈwɛst fər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ʤəʤ baɪ ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət nən əv ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən kʊd bi dɪˈskloʊzd bɪˈkəz ɪt wʊd ˈʤɛpərˌdaɪz ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti. ðə ˈsɪti, ʃi faʊnd, həz ə tɪ kənˈsɪdər ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv dɪˈskloʊʒər ənd ˈkɛrfəl redaction.’”*.’” ʤəʤ ˈɔlsoʊ əˈgri ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt hu rɛnts wət wɑz ə treɪd ˈsikrɪt; ðə ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən lɔz, ʃi sɛd, nɑt ɪgˈzɪst tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ˈsərvɪs prəˈvaɪdərz tɪ əˈvɔɪd competition.”*.” ðɪs wɑz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈvɪktəri. naʊ ðət ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈpɑləsi eɪmd æt ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈfaɪbər ˈɛvriˌwɛr ɪn ðə ˈkəntri simz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl fər ðə ˈmoʊmənt ˈsɪtiz nid tɪ teɪk ðə lɛd. hir, nu jɔrk ˈsɪti həz ðə ˈligəl əˈθɔrəti tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən. ənd jɛt ɪt ɪz ˈʧuzɪŋ nɑt tɪ juz ɪt. ðə ˈsɪti, ˌɪnˈdid, həz əˈpild ʤəʤ dɪˈsɪʒən. ðɪs rɪfˈjuzəl tɪ ʃɛr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən kəˈnɛkts tɪ ə ˈbrɔdər læk əv ˈpəblɪk ˈdætə ðət pleɪgz ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈpɑləsi ɪn stɑps ðə ˈkəntri frəm ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə ˈrizənəbəl ˈækˌsɛs wi nid. ðə ˈkɛriərz ˈdætə ˈɛvəri sɪks mənθs tɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz kəˈmɪʃən əˈbaʊt wɛr ðeɪ hæv dɪˈplɔɪd ˈsərvɪs. ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl ər noʊ ʧɛk ɛz tɪ ˈwɛðər ðət ˈdætə ɪz ˈækjərət, ənd ɪt ˈɔfən isn’t*. nɑt ˈoʊnli ðət: ðə ˈstændərdz əˈlaʊ ðə ˈkɛriər tɪ seɪ ðət ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈsɛnsəs blɑk ɪz ““served”*” ˈminɪŋ ðət blɑk həz ˈsərvɪs baɪ ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr tɛkˈnɑləʤi, laɪk ˈfaɪbər ɛz lɔŋ ɛz wən loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪn ðət blɑk həz ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈsərvɪs. ðɪs ɪz kɔld ðə ““one-served*, assumption.”*.” naʊ, ˈsɛnsəs blɑks ər ðə sˈmɔləst ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˈɛriəz ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ ˈjuzɪz tɪ kaʊnt θɪŋz ənd ˈpipəl. ðeɪ ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bət ˈjunəˌfɔrm; ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈrɛkˌtæŋgəlz; ðeɪ ər drɔn beɪst ɔn ˈnæʧərəl təˈpɑgrəfi, ˈreɪˌlroʊd laɪnz, ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl ˈfæktərz, ənd ðɛr ər mɔr ðən 11 ˈmɪljən əv ðɛm. ðeɪ ər nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli smɔl: ɪn ə ˈrʊrəl ˈɛriə, ə ˈsɛnsəs blɑk kʊd bi ɛz lɑrʤ ɛz skwɛr maɪəlz. ðət wən ɪz ɪn əˈlæskə. ˈmɛni ˈsɛnsəs blɑks ər skwɛr ˈeɪkərz ər lɛs, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ˈərbən ˈɛriəz. maɪ ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈsɛnsəs blɑk ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti spænz ə ˈvɛri ˈdɛnsli pækt ˈsɪti blɑk, wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈbɪldɪŋz ɔn fɔr strits, ɪn wɪʧ ˈɛni ˈjunɪt əv wən əv ðoʊz ˈbɪldɪŋz kʊd bi ““served”*” (ˈminɪŋ ˈsərvɪs wɑz əˈveɪləbəl æt səm praɪs, ˌhaʊˈɛvər aʊˈtreɪʤəs) ənd ðəs ˈtrɪgər aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən əv ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈsɛnsəs blɑk ɛz biɪŋ ““served”*”. wi ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈziroʊ ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈveɪləbəl əˈbaʊt ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən əv poʊlz, ˈkɑndwəts, ˈfaɪbər rʊts, sɛl loʊˈkeɪʃənz, ənd ˈəðər ki ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ðət ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ əˈsɛsɪŋ gæps ənd ɪˈfɪʃəntli ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈpəblɪk fəndz. ðə ˈbɑtəm laɪn: ðə ˈdætə wi hæv ɔn ““availability”*” kən bi ˈʤɛnərəli ˈhɛlpfəl wɪn ju ər ər traɪɪŋ tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd hu ɪz ˈʤɛnərəli prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈsərvɪs ɪn ə ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˈɛriə. bət ɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt jʊr ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn jʊr ˈlɪvɪŋ rum. ənd ðə ˈæbsəns əv ˈkɑnʤuɪt ənd ˈəðər ““infrastructure”*” ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən minz ðət ˈniðər ˈpəblɪk nɔr ˈpraɪvət ˈæktərz kən ˈfɪgjər aʊt wət gæps nid ˈfɪlɪŋ ər haʊ tɪ fɪl ðɛm. soʊ ˌɔlˈðoʊ wi bɪˈliv nu ˈjɔrkərz ər ˌəndərˈsərvd, wi nid mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt wɛr ˈfaɪbər ɪz ənd wɛr mɔr ɪz ˈnidɪd. wi nid ðɪs tɪ spər ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən, tɪ ɪmˈpaʊər ðə ˈpəblɪk tɪ dɪˈmænd ðət ɪts ɪˈlɛktɪd əˈfɪʃəlz du ðɛr ʤɑbz ənd tɪ əˈlərt ðə ˈpəblɪk tɪ ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈprɑbləmz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ wət ɪz pəˈlaɪtli kɔld ““demand-driven”*” ˈfaɪbər ˈsərvɪs bət lʊks ˈɔfəli ˈsɪmələr tɪ ˈrɛˌdlaɪnɪŋ. wi nid ə hoʊl ˈdɪfərənt əˈproʊʧ ɛz ə ˈkəntri. ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ ðə ˈklɪnɪk fər ðɛr faɪv jɪrz əv əˈsɪstəns. ðoʊz ˈlɔjərz dɪd ə ˈmɑrvələs ʤɑb. ənd aɪ hæv tɪ seɪ ðət ðə ˌɪnˈtrænsɪʤəns ʃʊd bi ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ tɪ ɪt. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ə plæn, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪŋ paʊər ənd ˈæktɪŋ koʊˈhirəntli, ɔl gɑt ɪz ˈʃəˈfʊlɪŋ ənd nay-saying*. ˈgɪtɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈækˌsɛs ɪz ðə ki tɪ trænsˈfɔrmɪŋ ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈpɑləsi ɪn ðə wɛl ɛz ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti. wi məst du ˈbɛtər.
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a couple of months ago, i interviewed a woman in public housing in the small town of wilson, north carolina. she told me that the best thing that ever happened to her family was getting internet access over the city's municipal fiber network. included in her monthly rent bill is a $10 fee for 50 mbps symmetric access (equal uploads and downloads). why is this so wonderful? because her sons are getting better grades, now that they don't have to go to the library to use the internet.
sadly, new york city is far behind wilson, nc when it comes to ensuring ubiquitous, reasonably priced fiber optic internet access for every resident. as far as anyone can tell, the digital divide in the city is stunning: a september 2015 audit by city comptroller scott stringer’s office found that more than a quarter of city households lacked “broadband” internet access (defined as any wired connection other than dial-up, meaning that monthly subscriptions to totally antiquated dsl connections over copper lines qualified). neighborhoods in the bronx and brooklyn were least likely to have signed up for internet access.
susan crawford is a columnist for backchannel and a professor at harvard law school. she is also the author of the responsive city and captive audience. ——— sign up to get backchannel's weekly newsletter.
we know that the primary reason people don’t sign up is price. this point keeps coming home to me as i interview people from all walks of life in the scrappy cities across the country that are doing something about a ubiquitous upgrade to inexpensive fiber connections. people really want and need this connectivity.
yet in our flagship city, prices for second-rate (non-fiber) access are artificially sky-high and out of reach for many families. and what’s so remarkable is that the city actually does have the regulatory authority to do something about inadequate competitive fiber access in manhattan and the bronx.
yes, folks: new york city is the regulator of all the underground conduit in those two boroughs — meaning the pipes running under the streets through which fiber optic lines are threaded. at any moment, it could require that additional conduit be built where it doesn’t now exist. it could require that choked-up conduit that is now decades old be cleaned and repaired. and it could require that that conduit run to every building in the city, and require that all new buildings have neutral connection points in their basements allowing many competitors to hawk their services to tenants.
if the city took these steps — which, by the way, are now being contemplated by san francisco, so perhaps peer pressure will nudge things along — it would foster a vibrantly competitive marketplace for retail fiber-based services for everyone. dozens of competitors. low prices for data transmission.
but the problem is that, as far as i can tell, the city that never sleeps is, in fact, asleep: it is not taking advantage of its powers.
that is why i sued the city five years ago seeking information about its regulatory efforts.
here is some good news: a state court in new york recently agreed with me that information about what the city is up to as a regulator, particularly in underserved areas, should be made public. time warner cable (now spectrum), at&t, and verizon don’t want that information to come to light. but citizens of new york should.
weirdly, this story of modern-day internet access begins 126 years ago. following the great blizzard of 1891, during which the tangled lines of the city’s many private telephone companies fell and caused communications chaos, the city muscled all the communications utilities into cooperation and forced them to bury their lines.
a single entity, called empire city subway, was formed to build, maintain, and expand conduit under the streets of manhattan and the bronx. (the word "subway" here refers to underground spaces or paths, not trains.) under an 1891 contract with the city, which has never been amended, ecs was given the exclusive franchise to do this job.
after decades of consolidation — surprise! — ecs is now a wholly-owned subsidiary of verizon. yes, ecs still has a contract with the city under which the city can order and direct the building and maintenance of conduit, including conduit it needs for its own purposes. the city can require that conduit be expanded. but verizon answers the phone. tricky.
here’s another wrinkle. people who follow the communications morass in new york city may remember that verizon worked a deal in 2008 with the bloomberg administration in which the company sort of agreed to wire every building with its proprietary (and very expensive) fiber services. this hasn’t happened. there are lots of reasons for this, including landlord intransigence, loose legal language, and likely disinterest on verizon’s part in serving neighborhoods in which people can’t pay its fios rates.
but having fios everywhere wouldn’t have been the best solution for the city as a whole anyway. what you really want is a utility service in any of three forms: “dark air” (lots of clean, ready-to-go conduit everywhere, running all the way to every building and residence, available to any retail provider at nondiscriminatory prices), or “dark fiber” (lots of passive, unlit fiber in the ground everywhere, ready to be lit by any retail provider), or a very fast, cheap fiber service designed and run in the public interest, as in wilson. (as i’ve written many times, open fiber with frequent neutral connection points for “5g” wireless is the only technology that makes sense to deploy these days.)
any of these paths leads to reasonably-priced retail fiber service, particularly if the city is willing to require that providers in poorer neighborhoods or to public housing units sell that service at sharply discounted prices. that last step would go a long way toward addressing the city's shameful digital divide.
but in order to follow any one of these three routes, the city would have to really take charge of its conduit. it would have to stop letting verizon dictate the future of city-wide connectivity.
as far as i can tell, the city simply hasn’t done this. a 2010 audit backs me up: john liu, then the nyc comptroller, found that “doitt [nyc’s department of information technology and telecommunications] has not ensured that ecs effectively manages, constructs, or retires conduits as required by...the agreement.” the report also noted data strongly suggesting that ecs was favoring its parent company, verizon, when constructing or filling new conduit.
here's the relevant language from the ecs contract:
if at any time the space in such subways, conduit ducts shall not be sufficient for all the companies or corporations so applying for the same, or for the city of new york, or any of its departments, the additional space needed shall be provided by the party of the second part [i.e., ecs] at its own cost, by the construction, maintenance, equipment and operation of additional subways, conduits and ducts, sufficient therefore, subject, however, to the same conditions and the same control by the parties of the first part or their successors, [i.e., new york city] as the original subways, conduits and ducts are by the terms of this contract and by any law.
to decode: the contract requires ecs to construct, maintain, and expand conduit when needed by competitors or the city, and then lease that conduit at nondiscriminatory rates to the entities that need it. in return, ecs gets to keep a 10 percent return on its capital expenses, and is supposed to return any excess profits to the city. the city, represented by doitt, is supposed to oversee the contract.
we have no idea how the city is doing as a regulator and manager of the conduit under the streets of manhattan and the bronx. the scraps of information we have are not promising: it appears that portions of the ecs conduit network are in terrible shape, with lots of clogged or collapsed conduits out there. but because of the city's stonewalling, we have no idea how bad this problem is.
we have no public information about the state or even existence of such conduit in the poorer parts of manhattan and the bronx, or who is providing service where, or at what cost. we don’t know whether conduit goes all the way to buildings. we don't know whether the city or ecs is charging nondiscriminatory rates for access to conduit or taking other steps that would encourage competition. we don't know whether the city is ensuring that there are adequate neutral interconnection points with conduit for advanced wireless services. all of this information is apparently secret.
in 2012, i filed a freedom of information request asking that information about ecs's activities be made public. for the last five years, the yale law school media freedom & information access clinic has been valiantly assisting me.
here’s the logic i have been following: public disclosure of this information may facilitate greater competition for fiber internet access service, and will better allow researchers, political leaders, and new york citizens generally to monitor whether the city of new york is fulfilling its mandate, taking appropriate steps to ensure the development of necessary infrastructure throughout the city, and adequately overseeing the city’s contract with ecs. the city is supposed to ensure that ecs effectively and efficiently makes conduit available to internet service providers as needed by them and in a manner that promotes affordable internet access to all new york residents. and it should be able to show us it is doing its job.
we started off in january 2012, with a petition seeking the geographic location of ecs conduit. the city refused to release maps, saying that the information was exempt from disclosure because of “life safety” and “critical infrastructure” carve-outs in new york law. the court agreed that there were some critical infrastructure concerns involved in releasing maps, but went on to say that there might be other forms of documents that could be released — and urged the city to keep looking.
in late 2014, the city received from ecs some spreadsheets with information about location, availability, and use of ecs conduit. so we filed another information request, asking for more detailed data. after a lot of wrangling, in early 2015 the city disclosed heavily redacted versions of the spreadsheets — giving us only lists of manhole and duct identification numbers. the city wouldn’t even explain to us what the numbers meant, and claimed that information that had been blanked out in the customer column of the spreadsheets (presumably the particular entity renting particular conduit) was entirely a trade secret.
we appealed in mid-2015. by this point, we had narrowed our request to seek only information about underserved areas, to keep the focus on the searing and destructive problems of inadequate access in the city that are amplifying and entrenching existing inequality. a whole generation of law students had come and gone since we started this process. new ones arrived and kept scrambling through this matter, patiently responding to a flurry of objections from time warner cable (now spectrum), verizon, at&t, and ecs.
last month, following an adept presentation of our arguments by teaching fellow and supervising attorney hannah bloch-wehba of the yale law school clinic, judge joan b. lobis of new york supreme court issued a lengthy decision supporting our request for information.
judge lobis didn’t buy the city’s argument that none of this information could be disclosed because it would jeopardize public safety. the city, she found, has a “responsibility to consider the possibility of ‘partial disclosure and careful redaction.’” judge lobis also didn’t agree that information about who rents what was a trade secret; the access to information laws, she said, “do not exist to enable service providers to avoid competition.”
this was an important victory. now that the idea of federal-level industrial policy aimed at getting fiber everywhere in the country seems impossible — for the moment — cities need to take the lead. here, new york city has the legal authority to encourage competition. and yet it is choosing not to use it. the city, indeed, has appealed judge lobis’s decision.
this refusal to share information connects to a broader lack of public data that plagues telecommunications policy in america–and stops the country from getting the reasonable access we need.
the carriers self-report data every six months to the federal communications commission about where they have deployed service. there is little or no check as to whether that data is accurate, and it often isn’t. not only that: the fcc’s standards allow the carrier to say that a particular census block is “served” — meaning that block has service by a particular technology, like fiber — as long as one location in that block has access to service. this is called the “one-served, all-served assumption.”
now, census blocks are the smallest geographic areas that the us census bureau uses to count things and people. they are anything but uniform; they are not rectangles; they are drawn based on natural topography, railroad lines, and many other invisible factors, and there are more than 11 million of them. they are not necessarily small: in a rural area, a census block could be as large as 8,500 square miles. that one is in alaska. many census blocks are 6.4 square acres or less, particularly in urban areas. my particular census block in new york city spans a very densely packed city block, with many buildings on four streets, in which any unit of one of those buildings could be “served” (meaning service was available at some price, however outrageous) and thus trigger identification of the entire census block as being “served”.
we also have zero public information available about the location of poles, conduits, fiber routes, cell locations, and other key infrastructure that is absolutely necessary to assessing gaps and efficiently targeting public funds.
the bottom line: the data we have on “availability” can be generally helpful when you are are trying to understand who is generally providing service in a geographic area. but it won’t represent your experience in your living room. and the absence of conduit and other “infrastructure” information means that neither public nor private actors can figure out what gaps need filling or how to fill them.
so although we believe new yorkers are underserved, we need more information about where fiber is and where more is needed. we need this to spur competition, to empower the public to demand that its elected officials do their jobs — and to alert the public to frequent problems involving what is politely called “demand-driven” fiber service but looks awfully similar to redlining. we need a whole different approach as a country.
i’m grateful to the clinic for their five years of assistance. those lawyers did a marvelous job.
and i have to say that the city’s intransigence should be embarrassing to it. instead of a plan, instead of exercising power and acting coherently, all we’ve got is shuffling and nay-saying.
getting information regarding access is the key to transforming telecommunications policy in the us—as well as in new york city. we must do better.
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nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ɪkˈspænʧən slaɪd pæd nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ˈreɪtɪd baɪ ɑr ˈkəstəmərz kəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ nɪnˈtɛndoʊ 3ds™*™ ) ʤəˈpæn ˈjuʒəwəli ʃɪps wɪˈθɪn 1 wik ˈjuˈɛs$ ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər nɪnˈtɛndoʊ kəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ nɪnˈtɛndoʊ 3ds™*™ ) ˈvərʒən ʤəˈpæn ʤəˈpæn ˈjuʒəwəli ʃɪps wɪˈθɪn 1 wik praɪs ˈjuˈɛs$ æd tɪ kɑrt ər seɪv fər ˈleɪtər rɪˈtərn ˈriˌfənd ˈpɑləsi nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ɪkˈspænʧən slaɪd pæd klɪk ɔn ə ˈθəmˌneɪl tɪ si mɔr ˈpɪkʧərz fər ˈfiʧərz pliz ˈkaɪndli noʊt ðət ðɪs ˈprɑdəkt dɪz nɑt kənˈteɪn ə ˈsɪstəm dɪˈskrɪpʃən ðə nɪnˈtɛndoʊ gru ˈbɪgər, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ju doʊnt hæv tɪ muv ɪn ə ˈkləŋki weɪ. ðə slaɪd pæd ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈrɛskju. ðə ˌɛnˈlɑrʤd dɪˈvaɪs gru ˈlɑrʤər tɪ əˈkɑməˌdeɪt ðə ənd ˌɪnˈhɛrəts ɔl ðə ˈfəŋkʃənz frəm ɪts sˈmɔlər, ˈoʊldər ˈbrəðər ənd nidz ʤɪst wən ˌtrɪpəˈleɪ ˈbætəri tɪ wərk. meɪk ʃʊr ðət ðə slaɪd pæd ənd ðə ˈkɑnsoʊl ər ˈfɪtɪd ˈprɑpərli wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər fər ə ˈsimləs kəˈnɛkʃən. ju woʊnt bɪˈlif haʊ məʧ fən wən mɔr ˈænəˌlɔg stɪk prəˈvaɪd. ˈɑptɪˌmaɪz jʊr ˈhəntɪŋ ənd ˈʃutɪŋ rɪˈzəlts wɪθ ðɪs dɪˈvaɪs. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ kənˈtroʊl ðə ˈkæmərə ˈmænjuəli ənd eɪm ðə gən wɪθ jʊr θəm du ˈwəndərz fər jʊr sərˈvaɪvəl reɪts. ˈfərðər ˈɪnfoʊ ərˈɪʤənəl neɪm əˈfɪʃəl riˈlis deɪt noʊv 15 2012 ˈvərʒən ʤəˈpæn ˈkætəlɔg noʊ. ˈaɪtəm koʊd 4902370519983 ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd fər ju
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nintendo 3ds ll expansion slide pad
nintendo
rated by our customers compatible with nintendo 3ds™ ll / xl (3ds ll / xl) japan 1w usually ships within 1 week .
us$ 26.99
manufacturer nintendo compatible with nintendo 3ds™ ll / xl (3ds ll / xl) version japan japan 1w usually ships within 1 week price us$ 26.99 add to cart or save for later
play-asia.com return & refund policy
nintendo 3ds ll expansion slide pad
click on a thumbnail to see more pictures for
features please kindly note that this product does not contain a 3ds ll system
description the nintendo 3ds ll grew bigger, however, you don't have to move in a clunky way. the slide pad is coming to the rescue. the enlarged device grew larger to accommodate the 3ds ll and inherits all the functions from its smaller, older brother and needs just one aaa battery to work. make sure that the slide pad and the console are fitted properly with each other for a seamless connection. you won't belief how much fun one more analogue stick provide. optimize your hunting and shooting results with this device. sometimes, being able to control the camera manually and aim the gun with your thumb do wonders for your survival rates.
further info original name ニンテンドー3ds ll 専用拡張スライドパッド official release date nov 15, 2012 version japan pax-code pax0004371142 catalog no. spr-a-epka item code 4902370519983
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oʊˈsɑmə bɪn ˈkɑmpaʊnd (bɪg ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈgæləri, ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ˈgræfɪk ˈɪmɪʤɪz) [ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ˈgræfɪk ˈɪmɪʤɪz ɪn ðɪs poʊst] ˌpækɪˈstæni pəˈlismɪn wɔk pæst ə ˈkɑmpaʊnd, sərˈaʊndɪd ɪn rɛd ˈfæbrɪk, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən wɛr æl ˈlidər oʊˈsɑmə bɪn ˈleɪdən wɑz kɪld ɔn meɪ 1 baɪ juz. ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn abbotabad*. ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪz səm 35 maɪəlz nɔrθ əv ˌɪsˈlæməbæd ɪn ˈpækɪˌstænz ˈprɑvɪns. ðə wərldz moʊst ˈwɔntɪd ˈtɛrərɪst wɑz ˈhaɪdɪŋ nɑt ɪn ə keɪv, bət ɪn ðiz ˈkoʊzi dɪgz lɛs ðən tu maɪəlz frəm ə ˈmeɪʤər ˌpækɪˈstæni ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri əˈkædəmi, dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ səm ɛz ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv wɛst pɔɪnt. ˈmæmud) əˈbəv, ə ˈvɪdioʊ freɪm græb frəm ˈeɪˌbiˌsi nuz, ʃoʊz ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər ɪn ðə ˈkɑmpaʊnd wɛr oʊˈsɑmə bɪn ˈleɪdən wɑz kɪld ɔn meɪ 1 bɪˈloʊ, ə ˈbɛˌdrum, ˈpɑsəbli bɪn oʊn. mɔr ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˈfɑloʊ.
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osama bin laden's abbottabad compound (big photo gallery, warning: graphic images)
[warning: graphic images in this post]
pakistani policemen walk past a compound, surrounded in red fabric, identified as the location where al qaeda leader osama bin laden was killed on may 1 by u.s. forces in abbotabad. the location is some 35 miles north of islamabad in pakistan's khyber pakhtunkhwa province. the world's most wanted terrorist was hiding not in a cave, but in these cozy digs less than two miles from a major pakistani military academy, described by some as the equivalent of west point. (reuters/faisal mahmood)
above, a video frame grab from abc news, shows the interior in the compound where osama bin laden was killed on may 1. below, a bedroom, possibly bin laden's own. more photos follow.
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ˈdæni grin ˈvərsəz ˈænθɔˌni lɪv ˈstrimərz wɪl feɪs ˈligəl ˈækʃən frəm ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd bɔs ˈpitər həz kənˈfərmd ðə peɪ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən prəˈvaɪdər wɪl lɔnʧ ˈligəl ˈækʃən əˈgɛnst ˈpipəl hu strimd ðə ˈdæni grin ˈvərsəz ˈænθɔˌni ˈbɑksɪŋ baʊt ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. ki pɔɪnts: ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl wɔʧt ˈdæni grin teɪk ɔn ˈænθɔˌni fər fri wɑz ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ˈkəstəmərz tɪ wɔʧ ðə baʊt ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈsɛvərəl faɪt fænz strimd ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæst ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk wən ˈlɔjər sɛd ˈpipəl hu ðə ɪˈvɛnt ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk kʊd feɪs faɪnz əv əp tɪ ər faɪv jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən. ðə baʊt bɪtˈwin ðə tu ˈvɛtərən ˈfaɪtərz wɑz bɪld ɛz ðə moʊst ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ɔˈstreɪljən ˈhɪstəri, wɪθ fænz æt ˈædəˌleɪd ˈoʊvəl ˈwɑʧɪŋ grin kleɪm ə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl wɪn. wɑz ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ˈkəstəmərz ˈnɪrli 60 tɪ wɔʧ ðə faɪt ɔn ɪts meɪn ɪˈvɛnt ˈʧænəl. strimz əv ðə baʊt ənd undercard*, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈrəgbi stɑr kweɪd ˈkupər, ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk əˈtræktəd ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv vjuərz ənd ˈæŋgərd ðə ɪˈvɛnts prəˈmoʊtər. ˈbrɪzˌbeɪn mæn ˈdɑrən ʃɑrp sɛd hi rɪˈsivd ə kɔl frəm ə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv, ˈæskɪŋ ɪm tɪ stɑp hɪz ˈbuˌtlɛg ˈbrɔdˌkæst, ənd ə rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ əv ðɛr ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɑz ˈəˌploʊdɪd tɪ ˈjuˌtub. haʊ dɪz ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt wərk? ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən spɔrts raɪts ər bɪg ˈbɪznɪs, ənd ˈbrɔdˌkæstərz peɪ ə kənˈsɪdərəbəl səm fər ˌɛkˌskluˈsɪvəti ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, moʊst ˈbɑksɪŋ baʊts ər əˈveɪləbəl ɛz "pay-per-view*" ˈoʊnli ˈstrimɪŋ jʊr oʊn ˈvɪdioʊz əv spɔrts ˈbrɔdˌkæsts ɔˈstreɪljən ˈkɑpiˌraɪt lɔ ˈwɛðər ˈpipəl hu wɔʧ ðə strim kən bi ʧɑrʤd ɪz ə ˈligəl greɪ ˈɛriə ˈmɪstər ʃɑrp həz ˈstɑrtɪd ə goʊ fənd mi peɪʤ seɪɪŋ: "pliz ˈdoʊˌneɪt ɪn keɪs aɪ ɛnd əp ˈgɪtɪŋ sud." ˈmɪstər, ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv, kənˈfərmd ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæstər wʊd teɪk ˈligəl ˈækʃən əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpipəl hu ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ðə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈvɪdioʊz "ɪts ˈvɛri klɪr tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ðət hi nu ðət wət hi wɑz duɪŋ wɑz ˌɪˈligəl. wi ədˈvaɪzd ɪm ðət wət hi wɑz duɪŋ wɑz ˌɪˈligəl," hi sɛd. "wi stɑpt ðə ˈstrimɪŋ əv ðə ˈkɑntɛnt tɪ hɪz bɑks ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs ðət ɪt ðə tərmz əv juz əv hɪz ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl səbˈskraɪbər əˈgrimənt." 'ˈpipəl ər ˈstilɪŋ ɔf ˈjuˈɛs' wən əv ðə faɪtz prəˈmoʊtərz, ˈʤəstɪn ə frɛnd əv grin ˈblæstɪd ˈpipəl ˈwɑʧɪŋ ðə faɪt fər fri. "ɪts ˈstilɪŋ. ɪts noʊ ˈdɪfərənt tɪ ˈvɪdioʊ ˈpaɪrəsi ər mˈjuzɪk ˈpaɪrəsi," hi sɛd. "wət ɪts ʃoʊɪŋ, ˈwɛðər ɪts ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ər tˈwɪtər ər ˌwəˈtɛvər ɪz ðət ðə ˈmɑdəl həz ˈmeɪʤər ˈɪʃuz frəm ə ˈpaɪrəsi pɔɪnt əv vju. "ˈkəmpəˌniz laɪk ˈfeɪsˌbʊk nid tɪ hæv gʊd, hɑrd lʊk æt ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ðeɪ doʊnt kɛr. ðɛr ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ bɪˈkəz ˈəðər ˈpipəl ər ˈstilɪŋ ɔf ˈjuˈɛs." ˈmɪstər tɛns ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ wɪθ ə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv keɪm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə sɪksθ faɪt ɔn ðə kɑrd, bɪtˈwin ˈkupər ənd ʤæk məˈkɪnəs. ˈdɑrən: "ˈsɑri meɪt, aɪ ʤɪst hæd tɪ ʧək ðət ɔn mjut. soʊ ju wɔnt mi tɪ tərn ɔf maɪ bɪˈkəz aɪ kænt strim ɪt?" rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv: "noʊ. aɪ wɔnt ju tɪ stɑp ˈstrimɪŋ ɪt ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk. ʤɪst kip ˈwɑʧɪŋ ðə faɪt æt hoʊm, ðɛrz noʊ ˈdrɑməz wɪθ ðət. ʤɪst doʊnt strim ɪt ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk." ˈdɑrən: "meɪt, aɪv gɑt vjuərz hir ðət ˈɑrənt goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈhæpi wɪθ ju. aɪ ʤɪst doʊnt si waɪ ɪts [nɑt] ˈligəl. əm nɑt duɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ rɔŋ, meɪt. wət kən ju du tɪ mi?" rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv: "ɪts ə ˈkrɪmənəl əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ækt, meɪt. wiv gɑt ˈtɛknɪkəl prəˈtɛkʃən ˈmɛθədz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə bɑks soʊ ɪgˈzæktli ðɪs θɪŋ kænt ˈhæpən." ˈdɑrən: "bullsh*t*." rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv: "ɪts əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ækt əv ɔˈstreɪljə meɪt." ˈdɑrən: "ˌənbəˈlivəbəl." strimz dru mɔr ðən əˈnəðər mæn hu strimd ðə baʊt, brɛt hevers*, sɛd hi hæd nɑt dən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ rɔŋ. "aɪ strimd ðə ənd grin faɪt ˈmeɪnli ʤɪst soʊ ə fju meɪts kʊd wɔʧ ɪt. ə fju ˈpipəl ˈkʊdənt əˈfɔrd ðə fi ər ˈdɪdənt hæv soʊ aɪ ʤɪst θɔt aɪd pʊt ɪt əp fər ðɛm," hi sɛd. "ɔl əv ə ˈsədən ˈpipəl aɪ θɪŋk æt ðə pik wər ˈwɑʧɪŋ ɪt." ˈsɛrə delpopolo*, ə ˈlɔjər ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə hu ˈfaʊndɪd ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən læst jɪr, sɛd ðə strimz kʊd hæv dɪˈnaɪd ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz. "ðɪs sɔrt əv ˈɪʃu ˈreɪzɪz səm ˈmæsɪv gæps ɪn ðə prəˈtɛkʃən ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈplætˌfɔrmz," ʃi sɛd. "ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ərˈaɪzɪz aʊt əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈplætˌfɔrmz ənd ðə nu tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ðeɪ ər ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ. "əp ənˈtɪl naʊ wiv sin ˈpərsɪnəl ˈvɪdioʊz ənd ʃoʊɪŋ əv ˈkɑntɛnt bət nɑt tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt əv ðɪs. əm səˈpraɪzd ɪt ˈhæzənt ˈhæpənd ˈsunər." ˈtɑpɪks: ˈpaɪrəsi, law-crime-and-justice*, ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ, television-broadcasting*, information-and-communication*, ˈbɑksɪŋ, spɔrt, ɔˈstreɪljə fərst ˈpoʊstɪd
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danny green vs anthony mundine live streamers will face legal action from foxtel
updated
foxtel boss peter tonagh has confirmed the pay tv provider will launch legal action against people who streamed the danny green versus anthony mundine boxing bout on social media.
key points: thousands of people watched danny green take on anthony mundine for free
foxtel was charging customers $59.95 to watch the much-anticipated bout
however, several fight fans streamed the broadcast on facebook
one lawyer said people who live-streamed the event on facebook could face fines of up to $60,000 or five years in prison.
the bout between the two veteran fighters was billed as the most anticipated in australian history, with 28,000 fans at adelaide oval watching green claim a controversial win.
foxtel was charging customers nearly $60 to watch the fight on its main event channel.
streams of the bout and undercard, which included rugby star quade cooper, on facebook attracted hundreds of thousands of viewers and angered the event's promoter.
brisbane man darren sharpe said he received a call from a foxtel representative, asking him to stop his bootleg broadcast, and a recording of their conversation was uploaded to youtube.
how does the copyright work? tv sports rights are big business, and broadcasters pay a considerable sum for exclusivity
in australia, most boxing bouts are available as "pay-per-view" only
streaming your own videos of sports broadcasts contravenes australian copyright law
whether people who watch the stream can be charged is a legal grey area
mr sharpe has started a go fund me page saying: "please donate in case i end up getting sued."
mr tonagh, foxtel's chief executive, confirmed the broadcaster would take legal action against the people who initiated the facebook videos
"it's very clear to us that he knew that what he was doing was illegal. we advised him that what he was doing was illegal," he said.
"we stopped the streaming of the content to his set-top box on the basis that it contravened the terms of use of his residential subscriber agreement."
'people are stealing off us'
one of the fight's promoters, justin manolikos — a long-time friend of green — blasted people watching the fight for free.
"it's stealing. it's no different to video piracy or music piracy," he said.
"what it's showing, whether it's facebook or twitter or whatever is that the pay-per-view model has major issues from a piracy point of view.
"companies like facebook need to have good, hard look at themselves. they don't care. they're getting something because other people are stealing off us."
mr sharpe's tense exchange with a foxtel representative came during the sixth fight on the card, between cooper and jack mcinnes.
darren: "sorry mate, i just had to chuck that on mute. so you want me to turn off my foxtel because i can't stream it?" rep: "no. i want you to stop streaming it on facebook. just keep watching the fight at home, there's no dramas with that. just don't stream it on facebook." darren: "mate, i've got 78,000 viewers here that aren't going to be happy with you. i just don't see why it's [not] legal. i'm not doing anything wrong, mate. what can you do to me?" rep: "it's a criminal offence against the copyright act, mate. we've got technical protection methods inside the box so exactly this thing can't happen." darren: "bullsh*t." rep: "it's against the copyright act of australia mate." darren: "unbelievable."
streams drew more than 150,000
another man who streamed the bout, brett hevers, said he had not done anything wrong.
"i streamed the mundine and green fight mainly just so a few mates could watch it. a few people couldn't afford the fee or didn't have foxtel so i just thought i'd put it up for them," he said.
"all of a sudden 153,000 people i think at the peak were watching it."
sara delpopolo, a lawyer specialising in social media who founded the international social media association last year, said the streams could have denied foxtel millions of dollars.
"this sort of issue raises some massive gaps in the protection mechanisms provided by social media platforms," she said.
"this is something that arises out of social media platforms and the new technologies they are introducing.
"up until now we've seen bit-sized personal videos and showing of third-party content but not to the extent of this. i'm surprised it hasn't happened sooner."
topics: piracy, law-crime-and-justice, broadcasting, television-broadcasting, information-and-communication, boxing, sport, australia
first posted
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(aɪ wərk æt ə kɑr wɑʃ ðət ˈɔfən siz haɪɛnd ˈviɪkəlz səʧ ɛz fərˈɑrɪs. ɪn fækt, wi gɪt soʊ məʧ ˈpipəl ˈstɛrɪŋ ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli hæd tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ɑr ˈɛksət tɪ ðə roʊd ɛz ˈpipəl ˈɔlˌweɪz bənʧt əp əraʊnd ðə kɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈɛgzɪtɪŋ ˈdɪfəkəlt. ðə ˈɛksət ɪz ˈvɛri wɛl saɪnd, wɪθ bɪg waɪt laɪnz biɪŋ drɔn; nɑt ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈæksədənt həz ˈhæpənd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wən deɪ, ˈsəmˌwən ɪn ə ˈvɛri ˈvoʊlksˌwægən wɔnts tɪ seɪv taɪm baɪ ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈɛksət soʊ hi kʊd gɪt tɪ ðə pəmp kˈwɪkər, bət draɪvz streɪt ˈɪntu ə brænd nu fərˈɑri.) ˈvoʊlksˌwægən ˈdraɪvər: kɑr! lʊk æt wət ju hæv dən tɪ maɪ car!”*!” fərˈɑri ˈdraɪvər: me?!”*?!” ˈvoʊlksˌwægən ˈdraɪvər: æt wət ju hæv dən tɪ maɪ kɑr wɪθ jʊr lamborghini!”*!” fərˈɑri ˈdraɪvər: əv ɔl, ðɪs ɪz ə fərˈɑri. ˈsɛkəndli, aɪ ˈɑnəstli tɛl ɪf ðə bɪg dɛnt ɪn jʊr kɑr wɑz ðɛr tɪ bɪˈgɪn wɪθ ər nɑt. ˈʤəʤɪŋ baɪ ðə steɪt əv jʊr ˈviɪkəl, ɪt məst hæv bɪn. bət, siɪŋ haʊ ju hæv ˈdæmɪʤd maɪ ˈviɪkəl, wi ər goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv ə problem.”*.” ˈvoʊlksˌwægən ˈdraɪvər: ““pssh*. jʊr kɑr wərθ hæf əv maɪn! si ðə ˈɑdiˌoʊ ɪkˈwɪpmənt ɪn maɪ ˈbeɪbi, ˈbədi? 500 euros!”*!” (ðə fərˈɑri ˈdraɪvər gɪts ɔn hɪz foʊn ɛz ðə ˈvoʊlksˌwægən ˈdraɪvər kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ rænt əˈbaʊt haʊ ðət əv porsche’*’ ruɪnd hɪz kɑr. ʃʊr ɪˈnəf, ðə pəˈlis əraɪv ənd teɪk ˈsteɪtmənts. wəns ðeɪ teɪk ðə fərˈɑri ˈsteɪtmənt ənd ˌrivˈju ɑr sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈfʊtɪʤ, ðə ˈvoʊlksˌwægən ˈdraɪvər ɪz bleɪmd.) ˈvoʊlksˌwægən ˈdraɪvər: ju, a**holes!”*!” nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ peɪ fər ðət wreck!”*!” pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər: ˈsərtənli ər, bət dɪˈskəs ðət ɔn ðə station.”*.” ˈvoʊlksˌwægən ˈdraɪvər: ““why?!”*?!” pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər: ““well*, tɪ stɑrt wɪθ, ˈgɪvɪn ˈjuˈɛs fɔls ˈditeɪlz. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðət, ju kɔzd ən ˈæksədənt ənd rɪfˈjuzd tɪ ˈsɛtəl ðɪs kərˈɛktli waɪlst ˈklɪrli biɪŋ tɪ bleɪm. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðət, wi hæv dən ə ʧɛk ɔn jʊr ˈviɪkəl ənd ˌənɪnˈʃʊrd. ˈɔlsoʊ, ju hæv ə ˈlaɪsəns ənd ˈwɔntɪd fər tu hɪt ənd runs.”*.” (æt ðət ˈmoʊmənt ðə ˈvoʊlksˌwægən ˈdraɪvər stɑrts tɪ rən. hɪz mɪˈsteɪk ɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ rən pæst ðə fərˈɑri ˈdraɪvər, hu həz bɪn kɑm ənd kəˈlɛktəd θru ðə hoʊl ɔrˈdil. wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈsɛkənd θɔt, ðə fərˈɑri ˈdraɪvər teɪks ə swɪŋ æt ðə ˈvoʊlksˌwægən ˈdraɪvər; hu gɪts hɪt ɪn ðə ˈstəmək ənd kəˈlæpsɪz fər ðə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz tɪ ərˈɛst ɪm. wi lərn ðət ðə ˈvoʊlksˌwægən ˈdraɪvər wɑz pʊt ɪn ʤeɪl fər fɔr jɪrz fər ˈvɛriəs offences*, waɪl ðə fərˈɑri ˈdraɪvər wɑz lɛt ɔf wɪθ ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ.)
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(i work at a car wash that often sees high-end vehicles such as ferraris. in fact, we get so much people staring that we’d actually had to change our exit to the road as people always bunched up around the cars making exiting difficult. the exit is very well signed, with big white lines being drawn; not a single accident has happened. however, one day, someone in a very banged-up volkswagen wants to save time by driving into the exit so he could get to the pump quicker, but drives straight into a brand new ferrari.)
volkswagen driver: “my car! look at what you have done to my car!”
ferrari driver: “pardon me?!”
volkswagen driver: “look at what you have done to my car with your s*** lamborghini!”
ferrari driver: “first of all, this is a ferrari. secondly, i honestly can’t tell if the big dent in your car was there to begin with or not. judging by the state of your vehicle, it must have been. but, seeing how you have damaged my vehicle, we are going to have a problem.”
volkswagen driver: “pssh. your car isn’t worth half of mine! see the audio equipment in my baby, buddy? 500 euros!”
(the ferrari driver gets on his phone as the volkswagen driver continues to rant about how that ‘piece of s*** porsche’ ruined his car. sure enough, the police arrive and take statements. once they take the ferrari owner’s statement and review our security footage, the volkswagen driver is blamed.)
volkswagen driver: “f*** you, a**holes!” i’m not going to pay for that wreck!”
police officer: “you certainly are, but we’ll discuss that on the station.”
volkswagen driver: “why?!”
police officer: “well, to start with, you’ve given us false details. following that, you caused an accident and refused to settle this correctly whilst clearly being to blame. following that, we have done a check on your vehicle and it’s uninsured. also, you don’t have a licence and you’re wanted for two hit and runs.”
(at that moment the volkswagen driver starts to run. his mistake is trying to run past the ferrari driver, who has been calm and collected through the whole ordeal. without a single second thought, the ferrari driver takes a swing at the volkswagen driver; who gets hit in the stomach and collapses for the police officers to arrest him. we learn that the volkswagen driver was put in jail for four years for various offences, while the ferrari driver was let off with a warning.)
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ɪts ə ˈfəni θɪŋ haʊ koʊˈɪnsɪdəns ˈhæpənz wɪn ju list ɪkˈspɛkt ɪt. aɪ ˈhædənt sin ˈɛni ˈəpˌdeɪt ɔn maɪ ˈtrækɪŋ fər θri deɪz ənd aɪ wɑz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈwərid. soʊ aɪ wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ʤɪst ˈʧɛkɪŋ maɪ ˈtrækɪŋ tɪ si wɪn maɪ gɪft wɪl əraɪv, wɪn aɪ hir ðə ˈdɔrˌbɛl. ʃʊr ɪˈnəf, aɪ faɪnd ə ˈstændərd ˈɛnvəˌloʊp. ˈkjʊriəs, aɪ ˈoʊpənd ðə ˈɛnvəˌloʊp tɪ faɪnd wən əv ðə moʊst ˈbæˌdæs prɪnts əv ə ˈdrægən (kænt tɛl ɪf ɪts alduin*.) ðət aɪv ˈɛvər sin! əm ə ˈpæʃənət ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm pleɪər bət aɪ ləv əˈbəv ənd bɪɔnd ˈnɪrli ɔl ˈəðər geɪmz aɪv pleɪd! ˈfərðərˌmɔr, aɪ ˈrisəntli ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd wɪθ ə ɪn ˈstudiˌoʊ ɑrt, soʊ əm ˈləvɪŋ ðə ɑrˈtɪstɪk staɪl ənd θɔt pʊt ɪn tɪ ˈpɪkɪŋ aʊt ðɪs gɪft fər mi. huˈɛvər ju ər, θæŋk ju!
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it's a funny thing how coincidence happens when you least expect it. i hadn't seen any update on my gift's tracking for three days and i was beginning to get worried.
so i was actually just checking my tracking to see when my gift will arrive, when i hear the doorbell. sure enough, i find a standard envelope.
curious, i opened the envelope to find one of the most badass prints of a skyrim dragon (can't tell if it's alduin.) that i've ever seen! i'm a passionate video game player but i love skyrim above and beyond nearly all other games i've played!
furthermore, i recently graduated with a bfa in studio art, so i'm loving the artistic style and thought put in to picking out this gift for me. whoever you are, thank you!
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ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə toʊld 60 ˈmɪnəts" ðət hi meɪd ðə kɔl fər ðə juz. tɪ əbˈsteɪn frəm ə voʊt ɔn ə u.n*. sɪˈkjʊrəti kənˈdɛmɪŋ ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈsɛtəlmənts, əˈlaʊɪŋ ðə ˌrɛzəˈluʃən tɪ pæs, ənd ðət duɪŋ soʊ ˈdɪdənt freɪ riˈleɪʃənz bɪtˈwin ðə tu ˈkəntriz. ðə muv kɔzd ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈfɔˌlaʊt bɪtˈwin ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈɪzriəl, ə ˈnoʊʃən ˌoʊˈbɑmə dɪˈmərd waɪl ˈspikɪŋ tɪ stiv krɑft ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju ðət ɛrd ˈsənˌdi. "aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ɪt kɔzd ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈrəpʧər ɪn riˈleɪʃənz bɪtˈwin ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈɪzriəl. ɪf jʊr seɪɪŋ ðət [ˌɪzˈreɪli] praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər [ˈbɛnʤəmən] ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu gɑt faɪərd əp, hiz bɪn faɪərd əp rɪˈpitɪdli ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kɔrs əv maɪ ˈprɛzɪdənsi, əraʊnd ðə ˌɪˈrɑn dil ənd əraʊnd ɑr kənˈsɪstənt əˈbʤɛkʃən tɪ ˈsɛtəlmənts. soʊ ðət pɑrt əv ɪt ˈwəzənt nu," ˌoʊˈbɑmə sɛd ɪn hɪz ˈfaɪnəl ˈɪntərvˌju ɛz ˈprɛzɪdənt. "ənd dɪˈspaɪt ɔl ðə nɔɪz ənd ˌhələbəˈlu, ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən, ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən, ɔl əv ðət həz kənˈtɪnjud," hi sɛd. "wi hæv dɪˈfɛndɪd ðɛm kənˈsɪstəntli ɪn ˈɛvəri ˌɪˈmæʤənəbəl weɪ. bət aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈliv ðət boʊθ fər ɑr ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪntərɪsts ənd ˈɪzriəlz ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪntərɪsts ðət əˈlaʊɪŋ ən ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈkɑnflɪkt bɪtˈwin ˌɪzˈreɪliz ənd ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz ðət kʊd gɪt wərs ənd wərs ˈoʊvər taɪm ɪz ə ˈprɑbləm. ənd ðət ˈsɛtəlmənts kənˈtrɪbjut. ðɛr nɑt ðə soʊl ˈrizən fər ɪt, bət ðɛr ə kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ ˈfæktər tɪ ðə ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ sɑlv ðət ˈprɑbləm." ˌɪzˈreɪliz hæv kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ˈsɛtəl ɔn ˌpælɪˈstɪniən ˈprɑpərti sɪns pis tɔks fərst bɪˈgæn ɪn 1993 wɛst bæŋk ˈsɛtələrz ðɛn ˈnəmbərd təˈdeɪ, ðeɪ ˈtoʊtəl əraʊnd ðə ˌɪnˈkris əv ðoʊz ˈsɛtəlmənts, ˌoʊˈbɑmə toʊld 60 ˈmɪnəts," həz "ˈgɔtən soʊ səbˈstænʃəl" ðət ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈhɪbətɪŋ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti fər ən "ˈifɛktɪv, kənˈtɪgjuəs ˌpælɪˈstɪniən state.”*.” əv ɑr ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪn ðə ˈriʤən, ənd bɪˈkəz wi kɛr soʊ ˈdipli əˈbaʊt ˈɪzriəl, aɪ θɪŋk (ðə juz.) həz ə ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn seɪɪŋ tɪ ə frɛnd, 'ðɪs ɪz ə ˈprɑbləm,'" ˌoʊˈbɑmə sɛd. "ɪt wʊd hæv ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz fər pis ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ɪn ðə ˈriʤən, ənd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts." ðə ˈaʊtˌgoʊɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt rɪˈflɛktɪd ɔn hɪz ˈlɛgəsi ənd hɪz ˈbɪgəst ˈʧælənʤɪz ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz eɪt jɪrz ɪn ˈɔfəs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈaʊˌrlɔŋ ˈɪntərvˌju. ə ˈnəmbər əv hɪz ˈpɑləsiz frəm hɛlθ kɛr tɪ hɪz kənˈtɛnʃəs riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈɪzriəl kʊd bi ˌʃɔrˈtlɪvd ɛz ˈdɑnəld trəmp bɪˈkəmz ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈleɪtər ðɪs wik ənd vaʊz tɪ rɪˈvərs səm əv ðoʊz ˈpɑləsiz. trəmp həz bɪn ˈvoʊkəl əˈbaʊt hɪz dɪsəˈpruvəl əv ˈmɛni əv ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈpɑləsiz, ˈɔfən ˈvɔɪsɪŋ hɪz dɪsəˈgrimənt ər ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ˈpəblɪk dɪˈspjuts wɪθ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ɔn tˈwɪtər. moʊst ˈrisəntli, trəmp læʃt aʊt ˈoʊvər ˈkɑmɛnts ˌoʊˈbɑmə meɪd ðət hi wʊd hæv ˈbitən trəmp ɪf ðeɪ ræn əˈgɛnst iʧ ˈəðər ɪn ə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən. ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈflɛktɪd ɔn hɪz əˈproʊʧ tɪ ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ɪn ˈsɪriə, ɛz ɪt əˈproʊʧɪz ɪts sɪksθ jɪr wɪθ ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz dɛd ənd ˈmɪljənz dɪˈspleɪst əraʊnd ðə wərld. ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət hɪz "rɛd laɪn" ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə juz əv ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈwɛpənz baɪ ˈsɪriən ˈprɛzɪdənt bəˈʃɑr əˈsɑdz ˈgəvərnmənt ˈwəzənt ɪn hɪz 2012 spiʧ ənd ðət hi ˈdɪdənt hæv tɪ juz ðoʊz wərdz. ðeɪ ˈleɪtər ˈprɑmptɪd hɑrʃ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm, sɪns ðə juz. dɪd nɑt ˈfɑloʊ θru ɔn ðə θrɛt. "aɪ wʊd hæv, aɪ θɪŋk, meɪd ə ˈbɪgər mɪˈsteɪk ɪf aɪ hæd sɛd, 'ɛ, ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈwɛpənz. ðət ˈdəzənt ˈrɪli ʧeɪnʤ maɪ ˈkælkjələs,'" hi sɛd. "ənd rəˈgɑrdləs əv haʊ ɪt ˈɛndɪd əp pleɪɪŋ, aɪ θɪŋk, ɪn ðə ˈbɛltˌweɪ, wət ɪz tru ɪz əˈsɑd gɑt rɪd əv hɪz ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈwɛpənz." ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt.
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president barack obama told "60 minutes" that he made the call for the u.s. to abstain from a vote on a u.n. security councilresolution condemning israeli settlements, allowing the resolution to pass, and that doing so didn't fray relations between the two countries.
the move caused a major fallout between the united states and israel, a notion obama demurred while speaking to steve kroft in an interview that aired sunday.
"i don't think it caused a major rupture in relations between the united states and israel. if you're saying that [israeli] prime minister [benjamin] netanyahu got fired up, he's been fired up repeatedly during the course of my presidency, around the iran deal and around our consistent objection to settlements. so that part of it wasn't new," obama said in his final interview as president.
"and despite all the noise and hullabaloo, military cooperation, intelligence cooperation, all of that has continued," he said. "we have defended them consistently in every imaginable way. but i also believe that both for our national interests and israel's national interests that allowing an ongoing conflict between israelis and palestinians that could get worse and worse over time is a problem. and that settlements contribute. they're not the sole reason for it, but they're a contributing factor to the inability to solve that problem."
israelis have continued to settle on palestinian property since peace talks first began in 1993. west bank settlers then numbered 100,000. today, they total around 400,000.
the increase of those settlements, obama told "60 minutes," has "gotten so substantial" that it is inhibiting the possibility for an "effective, contiguous palestinian state.”
“because of our investment in the region, and because we care so deeply about israel, i think (the u.s.) has a legitimate interest in saying to a friend, 'this is a problem,'" obama said. "it would have long-term consequences for peace and security in the region, and the united states."
the outgoing president reflected on his legacy and his biggest challenges during his eight years in office during the hourlong interview. a number of his policies from health care to his contentious relationship with israel could be short-lived as president-elect donald trump becomes the 45th president later this week and vows to reverse some of those policies.
trump has been vocal about his disapproval of many of obama's policies, often voicing his disagreement or engaging in public disputes with the president on twitter. most recently, trump lashed out over comments obama made that he would have beaten trump if they ran against each other in a general election.
obama also reflected on his approach to the civil war in syria, as it approaches its sixth year with hundreds of thousands dead and millions displaced around the world.
the president acknowledged that his "red line" declaration about the use of chemical weapons by syrian president bashar assad's government wasn't in his 2012 speech and that he didn't have to use those words. they later prompted harsh criticism, since the u.s. did not follow through on the threat.
"i would have, i think, made a bigger mistake if i had said, 'eh, chemical weapons. that doesn't really change my calculus,'" he said. "and regardless of how it ended up playing, i think, in the beltway, what is true is assad got rid of his chemical weapons."
the associated press contributed to this report.
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əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɔθər ˌɑˈmit ɪz ə ˈfriˌlæns dɪˈzaɪnər hu həz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈprɑdəkts fər ðə læst 16 jɪrz. ˌɑˈmit ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ ɛz lɛd ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt æt 5ive*, ə dɪˈzaɪn mɔr əˈbaʊt amit…*… ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ɪn dɪˈzaɪn sˈmæʃɪŋ ˈnuzˌlɛtər ˈəpˈgreɪd jʊr ənd gɪt ɑr editors’*’ pɪks twaɪs ə mənθ. jʊr iˈmeɪl səbˈskraɪb noʊt: ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl kənˈteɪnz ˈmɛni ˈvɪdioʊ ɪgˈzæmpəlz ðət ʃoʊ ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ɪt meɪ teɪk ˈlɔŋgər tɪ loʊd ɔn sloʊ kəˈnɛkʃənz. ə gʊd dɪˈzaɪnər kən ˈizəli ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˈlɑʤɪk bɪˈhaɪnd iʧ dɪˈsɪʒən ɪn ə ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl kənˈteɪnz ˈmɛni ˈvɪdioʊ ɪgˈzæmpəlz ðət ʃoʊ ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ɪt meɪ teɪk ˈlɔŋgər tɪ loʊd ɔn sloʊ kəˈnɛkʃənz. ə gʊd dɪˈzaɪnər kən ˈizəli ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˈlɑʤɪk bɪˈhaɪnd iʧ dɪˈsɪʒən ɪn ə dɪˈzaɪn ˈkɑnsɛpt ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər ðə ˈkɑntɛnt ˈhaɪˌrɑrki ðə floʊ ənd ðə əˈsəmpʃənz meɪd. ə gʊd dɪˈzaɪnər kən ˈizəli ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˈlɑʤɪk bɪˈhaɪnd iʧ dɪˈsɪʒən ɪn ə dɪˈzaɪn ˈkɑnsɛpt. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər, ðə ˈhaɪˌrɑrki əv peɪʤ ˈkɑntɛnt, ðə floʊ ənd ðə əˈsəmpʃənz meɪd. ˈfərðər ˈrɛdɪŋ ɔn sˈmæʃɪŋ: ˈsunər ər ˈleɪtər, ˌænəˈmeɪʃən wɪl bi ˌɪntrəˈdust tɪ ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt, ənd ðɛn ˈmeɪkɪŋ dɪˈzaɪn dɪˈsɪʒənz ər ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðɛm bɪˈkəmz ˈhɑrdər. ˈrizənz səʧ ɛz wɪl bi cool!”*!” ər trendy”*” ər ””exciting”*” ər ɪgˈzæktli ðə ˈɛriəz wɛr ə dɪˈzaɪn stɑrts tɪ luz ɪts strɛŋθ. ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz dɪˈzərv ə fɑr ˈbɛtər graʊnd ɪn ɑr dɪˈzaɪn kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz. wi ʃʊd bi ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd ɪn dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz ənd ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðɛr ˈpərpəs ʤɪst ðə seɪm weɪ ðət wi ɪkˈspleɪn ɔl ˈəðər ˈɛləmənts ɪn ə dɪˈzaɪn. wət ɪz ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən? ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ɪz ˈsətəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ðət wi ɪmˈbɛd ɪn ə ˈjuzər ˈɪnərˌfeɪs dɪˈzaɪn ɛz pɑrt əv ɑr ˈprɔˌsɛs. mit sˈmæʃɪŋ bʊk 6 ɑr brænd nu bʊk ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ril ˈʧælənʤɪz ənd ril səˈluʃənz ɪn ðə ril wərld: frəm dɪˈzaɪn ˈsɪstəmz ənd ækˈsɛsəbəl æps tɪ ˈkəstəm ˈprɑpərtiz, grɪd, ˈsərvɪs ˈwərkərz, pərˈfɔrməns, ənd rɪˈspɑnsɪv ɑrt dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. wɪθ ˈmɑrsi ˈsətən, waɪs, di. ˈgɑrdnər, ˈlɔrə ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðərz. ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ənˈlaɪk ˌænəˈmeɪʃən meɪd baɪ ˈdɪzni ˈstudiˌoʊz ər ˌænəˈmeɪʃən meɪd fər kəmˈpjutər geɪmz, ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən həz ə klɪr, ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpərpəs. ðɛr ˈpərpəs ɪz tɪ sərv ə dɪˈzaɪn ˈkɑnsɛpt baɪ səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə səˈluʃən wi ər traɪɪŋ tɪ kənˈveɪ. ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ɪz jɛt əˈnəðər tul ɪn ɑr dɪˈzaɪn ˈɑrsənəl. ɪn ə ˈpərˌfɪkt wərld, wi ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈvælədeɪt ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən əˈgɛnst ə sɛt əv ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpərpəsɪz. ɪf ə ˈsərtən ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ɪn ɑr dɪˈzaɪn ˈfɑloʊz ə ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpərpəs, ðɛn ɪt ɪz ə ˈvælɪd ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ənd ɪts ɪgˈzɪstəns ɪn ɑr dɪˈzaɪn ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd. bət ɪf ɪt fɪts noʊ ˈpərpəs, ðɛn ɪt maɪt bi rɪˈdəndənt ənd nid tɪ bi ˌrikənˈsɪdərd. ɪn ðə pæst jɪr ər soʊ, waɪl ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ˈvɛriəs ˈprɑʤɛkts, kəˈlɛktəd ə ˈfæməli əv naɪn ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpərpəsɪz ðət təˈdeɪ hɛlp mi ˈvælədeɪt ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən. ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət baɪ ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ə ˌænəˈmeɪʃən, aɪ kən ˈizəli fɪt ɪt ɪn wən ər mɔr grups ɪn ðɪs ˈfæməli. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ wərks ðə ˈəðər weɪ əraʊnd: wɪn ən ˌænəˈmeɪʃən fɪt ə ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈpərpəs, ɪt ˈjuʒəwəli ˈɔlsoʊ filz ˈɔkwərd ər əˈnɔɪɪŋ. bɪˈloʊ ər ðə ˈfæməli grups aɪ hæv kəˈlɛktəd soʊ fɑr. aɪ hoʊp ju faɪnd ðɛm ˈjusfəl ɪn ˈvæləˌdeɪtɪŋ jʊr oʊn dɪˈzaɪn ˌænəˈmeɪʃən. ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ˌɪˈluməˌneɪts ˈstrəkʧər. ɪn ðɪs grup, wi faɪnd ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ðət pleɪz ə roʊl ɪn ɑr ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən, ˈkæstɪŋ laɪt ɔn ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər. ðə ˈlɑʤɪk bɪˈhaɪnd ðɪs taɪp əv ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ɪz tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðə sɛns əv ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən ənd tɪ hɛlp ðə ˈjuzər ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnd ðə ʧeɪnʤ ðət həz ʤɪst ˈhæpənd ɪn ðə leɪaʊt, wət həz ˈtrɪgərd ðə ʧeɪnʤ ənd haʊ tɪ ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪt ðə ʧeɪnʤ əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər ɔn ɪf ˈnidɪd. ə ˈklæsɪk ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪz ə ˈbətən ðət ˈhɪdən ˈkɑntɛnt. wɪn ju klɪk ɪt, ə ˈhɪdən ˈpænəl əˈpɪrz. ənd wɪn ju kloʊz ðə ˈpænəl, ɪt ʃrɪŋks bæk ˈɪntu ðə ˈækʃən ˈbətən. ðə fərst taɪm, ə ˈjuzər ˈkænɑt ˈrɪli prɪˈdɪkt ən ˌɪnərˈækʃən ðət ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ ˈhæpən. ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˌænəˈmeɪʃən əv ðə ˈhɪdən ˈpænəl groʊɪŋ ɪn saɪz hɛlps ðə ˈjuzər steɪ ˈɔriˌɛntɪd ənd nɑt fil ðət ðeɪ hæv lɛft ðə peɪʤ ər ðət ˈkɑntɛnt həz ˈsədənli ˈvænɪʃt. ðeɪ rɪˈmeɪn ɪn kənˈtroʊl əv ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðət ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ. ðə ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˌænəˈmeɪʃən hɛlps ðə ˈjuzər əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt ðə ʃˈrɪŋkɪŋ ˈpænəl wɪθ ðə ˈækʃən ˈbətən soʊ, ðə nɛkst taɪm ðeɪ wɪl rɪˈmɛmbər haʊ tɪ ˈoʊpən ðə ˈpænəl əˈgɛn. ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpərpəs: əˈvɔɪd ə səˈpraɪzɪŋ trænˈzɪʃən, ənd ˈɔriˌɛnt ðə ˈjuzər. ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈvɪdioʊz seɪm loʊˈkeɪʃən, nu ˈækʃən ə ˈwɛlˈnoʊn rul ɪz tɪ bi kənˈsɪstənt ɪn boʊθ ðə dɪˈzaɪn ənd ˈkɑntɛnt əv ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ə kənˈsɪstənt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ɪz prɪˈdɪktəbəl ənd, ˈðɛrˌfɔr, learnable*. ðɪs rul əˈplaɪz tɪ ˈækʃən ˈbətənz, əˈməŋ ˈəðər θɪŋz. ɪn ˈsərtən ˈkeɪsɪz, wi ər fɔrst tɪ dɪˈzaɪn ən ˈækʃən ˈbətən huz ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈəndər ˈsərtən kənˈdɪʃənz. wi ˈjuʒəwəli si ðɪs ɪn dɪˈzaɪnz wɛr ˈoʊvərˌɔl speɪs ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd. ðəs, ə ˈjuzər hu həz ˈlərnɪd ðə ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti əv ən ˈækʃən ˈbətən meɪ nid tɪ lərn nu ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti. ““save”*” ənd ””edit”*” ˈbətənz ər ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ˈbətənz. bət ðɪs ɪz ən ˈizi keɪs bɪˈkəz, waɪl ðə ˈækʃənz ər ˌkɑntrəˈdɪktəri, ðeɪ hæv ðə seɪm ˈkɑntɛkst. ɪn ˈəðər ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz, wɪn ðə tu ˈækʃənz hæv noʊ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli əˈpɛrənt riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, wi feɪs ə ˈʧælənʤ. wɛr ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən kən hɛlp. ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpərpəs: ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz ə ˈfəŋkʃənəl ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ən ˈækʃən ˈbətən. ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈvɪdioʊz zum ɪn ðə θərd ˈfæməli həz səm ˌsɪməˈlɛrətiz wɪθ ðə ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən grup wi sɔ ˈərliər. ɪn ðiz ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz, ðə ˈjuzər səˈlɛkts ən ˈaɪtəm ɪn ə lɪst tɪ zum ˈɪntu ɪts dɪˈteɪld vju (wɪʧ ˈoʊvərˌteɪks ðə lɪst vju) ənd ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ goʊ bæk tɪ ðə fʊl lɪst vju. wi ˈkɑmənli si ðɪs ɪn ˈɪmɪʤ ˈgæləriz, kɑrdz ənd ˈaɪtəm selectors*. ə ˈjuzər wɪl səˈlɛkt ən ˈaɪtəm ənd wɪl ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli si ðə dɪˈteɪld skrin ðət ɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðət səˈlɛkʃən. ðə ˈʧælənʤ hir ɪz tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðə ˈjuzər filz ðeɪ ər stɪl ɪn kənˈtroʊl ənd rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ðə ˈgɪvɪn ˈkɑntɛkst. ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli ə məst ɪn ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ɪn ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ˈnumərəs ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz ɪn ðɪs ˈfæməli grup, ˈnoʊtɪst ə ˈkɑmən ˈpætərn ðət, wɪn ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ˈækjərətli, ɛnˈhænsɪz ðə ˈifɛktɪvnəs: ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl steɪt ɪz ðə ərˈɪʤənəl lɪst əv ˈaɪtəmz. iʧ ˈaɪtəm ɪz ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪtɪd wɪθ ə juˈnik ˈvɪʒəwəl kju, səʧ ɛz ə ˈdɑmənənt ˈkələr, ə ˈsɪmbəl, ə boʊld ˈtaɪtəl ər ə ˈθəmˌneɪl ˈɪmɪʤ. wɪn ðə ˈjuzər meɪks ə səˈlɛkʃən, ə nu peɪʤ ɪz kriˈeɪtɪd ənd ðə səˈlɛktɪd ˈvɪʒəwəl kju ɪz ˌriˈloʊkeɪtɪd tɪ ə ˈprɑmənənt, ˈdɑmənənt pəˈzɪʃən. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ɪnˈtaɪər peɪʤ maɪt bi ˈkələrd wɪθ ən juˈnik ˈkələr; ðə ˈsɪmbəl wʊd ɪkˈspænd ənd bi pəˈzɪʃənd ɪn ðə ˈtaɪtəl; ðə neɪm wʊd gɪt ˈbɪgər ənd əˈpɪr ɪn ðə ˈtaɪtəl. ə ˈnoʊtəsəbəl ˈækʃən ˈbətən tɪ dɪsˈmɪs əˈpɪrz ɪn ðə nu peɪʤ, səʧ ɛz ““cancel,”*,” ““close,”*,” ““back”*” ər ““x.”*.” ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpərpəs: əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt ə ˈθəmˌneɪl wɪθ ɪts dɪˈteɪld vju. ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈvɪdioʊz ˈvɪʒəwəl hɪnt ˈvɪʒəwəl hɪnts əˈsɪst ˈjuzərz tɪ ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ tɪ ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ ə ˈɪnərˌfeɪs. ɪt ɪz əˈspɛʃəli ˈnidɪd ɪn dɪˈzaɪnz ðət kənˈteɪn ən ˌənkənˈvɛnʃənəl ˈɑbʤɛkt ər ə juˈnik ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ˈmɛθəd. ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ɪz ˈizəli dɪˈtɛktɪd wɪn wi ˈoʊpən ə peɪʤ ənd ə kwɪk ˈwəˌtaɪm ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ɪz ˈsədənli ˈtrɪgərd ðət ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts haʊ ˈsərtən ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ɪn ðə dɪˈzaɪn ˈɑpərˌeɪts. ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpərpəs: hɪnt tɪ ɪgˈzɪbɪt ˌənkənˈvɛnʃənəl ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ər ə ˈhɪdən ˈækʃən. ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈvɪdioʊz ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈmaɪkəl ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈmɑrkəvɪk ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ðɪs ˈfæməli grup əˈsɪsts ˈjuzərz ɪn ðoʊz ənˈfɔrʧənət ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz wɪn ðɛr ɪz ə nid tɪ raɪz əˈbəv ə ˈnɔɪzi leɪaʊt. dɪˈzaɪnərz ˈjuʒəwəli straɪv tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈnɔɪzi leɪaʊts, wɪʧ loʊd ðə skrin wɪθ ˈvɛriəs ˈpisɪz əv ˈtɛksˌʧuəl ənd ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈkɑntɛnt ðət kəmˈpit wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər fər ðə əˈtɛnʃən. wən weɪ tɪ ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz nɔɪz ɪn ən ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ɪz baɪ riˈmuvɪŋ ˈklətər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðɪs tæsk ɪz nɑt soʊ ˈtrɪviəl. kənˈsɪdər ə nuz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt huz ˈoʊnərz wɔnt tɪ riˈmuv ˈpisɪz əv ˈtɛksˌʧuəl nuz ər ˈɪmɪʤɪz frəm ðə hoʊm peɪʤ. ˈmoʊʃən, baɪ ɪts ˈneɪʧər, həz ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl əv ˈprɑmənəns ɪn ə ˈjuzər ˈɪnərˌfeɪs. ˈniðər tɛkst ˈpɛrəˌgræfs nɔr ˈstætɪk ˈɪmɪʤɪz kən kəmˈpit wɪθ ˈmoʊʃən. wi kən teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðɪs wɪθ ðɪs ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən grup. rɪˈmɛmbər, ðoʊ, ðət ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈɪnərˌfeɪs nɔɪz baɪ ˈædɪŋ ən ˈɑbʤɛkt wɪθ ə haɪər ˈlɛvəl əv ˈprɑmənəns ɪz ə sˈlɪpəri sloʊp. ɪn ðə ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ˈsæmpəl bɪˈloʊ, wi si ðət ðə əˈdɪʃən əv ən ˈaɪtəm tɪ ðə ˈʃɑpɪŋ kɑrt ɪz nɑt ˈnoʊtəsəbəl ɪˈnəf du tɪ ðə ˈkraʊdɪd ˈbækˌgraʊnd. soʊ, ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ɪz ˈnidɪd. ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpərpəs: græb ðə əˈtɛnʃən, ənd raɪz əˈbəv ə ˈnɔɪzi leɪaʊt. ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈvɪdioʊz ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈdʊrɪŋ dɪˈzaɪn æˈnælɪsɪs ənd ˈjuzər ˈɪntərvˌjuz, wi faɪnd ðət ˈjuzərz hæv ə nid ðət wi kən ˈæˌdrɛs ˈoʊnli wɪθ ə ˈteɪlərd ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən. fər ðiz ˈspɛʃəl ˈkeɪsɪz, wi wʊd kriˈeɪt ə ˈkəstəˌmaɪzd ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən. ɪn ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl bɪˈloʊ, ˈsɑkər ˌænəˈlɪtɪks ər pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ə weɪ ðət ˈfɪgjərz, ˈnəmbərz, ˈteɪbəlz ənd græfs kʊd ˈnɛvər kəmˈpit wɪθ. ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ˈjuzər kən ˈmɑnətər ˈtɛmpərəʧərz ɔn ə mæp əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ taɪm ənd ʤiˈɑgrəfi ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr juz keɪs ðət kʊd ˈhɑrdli bi əˈdrɛst ˈɛni ˈəðər weɪ. ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpərpəs: ˈsɪmjəˌleɪt ˈtɑpɪks ðət ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz hɑrd tɪ kənˈveɪ. ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈvɪdioʊz ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈfidˌbæk ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈfidˌbæk ɪz ɪkˈstrimli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn ˈjuzər ˈɪnərˌfeɪs dɪˈzaɪn. ɪn ril laɪf, ˈbətənz, kənˈtroʊlz ənd ˈɑbʤɛkts rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ɑr ˌɪnərˈækʃən, ənd ðɪs ɪz haʊ ˈpipəl ɪkˈspɛkt θɪŋz tɪ wərk. bət rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ɪn ðɪs ˈfæməli grup nidz tɪ bi ˈvɛri ˈsətəl ənd ʃʊd bi dɪˈzaɪnd responsively*. ˈbətən ˈfidˌbæk ɪz ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli juzd ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈɪnərˌfeɪs, soʊ ˈjuzɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən wɛr ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈrɪli ˈnidɪd wɪl kɔz mɔr hɑrm ðən gʊd. ɔn təʧ dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən kən bi moʊst ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl ɛz ə ˈsəbstəˌtut fər ˈroʊˌloʊvər ˈifɛkts. ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpərpəs: ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðə ˈækʃən. ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈvɪdioʊz ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈgugəl məˈtɪriəl dɪˈzaɪn ˈsɪstəm ˈstætəs ðɪs grup ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt kənˈtroʊl. fər ðə ˈjuzər, kənˈtroʊl minz noʊɪŋ ənd ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðɛr ˈkɑrənt ˈkɑntɛkst ɪn ðə ˈsɪstəm æt ˈɛni ˈgɪvɪn taɪm. ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən prəˈvaɪdz ˈrilˌtaɪm ˈmɑnətərɪŋ əv ˈsɪstəm ˈstætəs, ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ðə ˈjuzər tɪ kˈwɪkli ˌəndərˈstænd wɪn ən ˈækʃən bɪˈgæn, ðə taɪm rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ənd ɪgˈzæktli wɪn ɪt həz ˈɛndɪd. pərˈhæps ðə ˈvɛri fərst ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ðət sərvd ðɪs roʊl ɪn ˈwɛbˌsaɪts ɪz ðə ˈspɪnər gif*, wɪʧ ɪz stɪl biɪŋ juzd ɪn ˈmɛni ˈɪnərˌfeɪsɪz tɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ən ˈækʃən ɪn ˈprɑˌgrɛs. ˈifɛktɪv ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz ɪn ðɪs ˈfæməli grup ˈjuʒəwəli ˈfɑloʊ ðɪs ˈpætərn: ʃoʊ klɪr ˈfidˌbæk tɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs həz ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd. ˈprɛzənt ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈfidˌbæk waɪl ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz ɪn ˈprɑˌgrɛs. ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðə kəmˈpliʃən əv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs (ə stɛp, baɪ ðə weɪ, wɛr ˈspɪnərz feɪl). ʃoʊ klɪr ˈfidˌbæk ðət ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs həz ˈtərməˌneɪtɪd. ə ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ɪn ðɪs grup ɪz daʊn tɪ refresh,”*,” wɪʧ ˌɪˈnɪʃiəts ə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈkɑntɛnt ˈəpˌdeɪts ɔn ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz. ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðiz ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz ɪn ˈvɛriəs ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, ənd ju wɪl sun ˈnoʊtɪs ðət ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz ðət du nɑt ˈfʊli kəmˈplaɪ wɪθ ðə fɔr stɛps leɪd aʊt əˈbəv fil rɔŋ. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ənˈsərtənti ərˈaɪzɪŋ frəm ðə læk əv klɪr ˈfidˌbæk ðət ə ˈprɔˌsɛs həz ˈtərməˌneɪtɪd kʊd prɑmpt ðə ˈjuzər tɪ ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪt ðə rɪˈfrɛʃ ˈækʃən əˈgɛn. ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpərpəs: ˌɪmˈpɑrt ə sɛns əv kənˈtroʊl ɪn ə ˈlɪniər ˈprɔˌsɛs. ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈvɪdioʊz ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkrɛdɪt: jæk æp ˈmɑrkətɪŋ tul ðɪs grup ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ənd gɑt səm fən ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz! wɛˈræz ðə ˈpriviəs eɪt grups ɪn ɑr ˈfæməli əv ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz ər kwaɪt ˈlɑʤɪkəl, ðɪs wən ɪz fʊl əv ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz! səˈpoʊz wi nid tɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ə bɪˈheɪvjər, ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈfiʧər, prəˈmoʊt ə juˈnik ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti ər ˈivɪn ˈbəndəl ə ˈvæljuz ənd staɪl ˈɪntu ə ˈprɑdəkt. ɪn ˈɛni əv ðiz sɪˈnɛrioʊz, ən ˌænəˈmeɪʃən maɪt sərv ðə ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ˈstrætəʤi wɛl. ðə əˈproʊʧ maɪt nɑt bi ˈklɪrli user-centered*, bət ɪt ˈdɛfənətli həz ə ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈpərpəs. ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpərpəs: səˈpɔrt ə brænd ˈvæljuz ər ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ə strɛŋθs. ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈvɪdioʊz ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈsəməri wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈplɛʒər ər dɪˈlaɪt ɪn ɑr ˈwɛbˌsaɪts ənd æps, ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz kənˈtrɪbjut ə lɔt. bət ˈɔlˌweɪz rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ðeɪ məst bi ˈfəŋkʃənəl fərst. ˈwɔltər əv raɪts əˈbaʊt ðə ˈhaɪˌrɑrki əv ˈjuzər nidz ɪn hɪz bʊk dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ fər ˈiˌmoʊʃən. ˈsɪmələr tɪ ˈhaɪˌrɑrki əv nidz, bət ˈrəðər ðən dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ɑr ˈpərsɪnəl nidz, dɪˈskraɪbz ɑr nidz ɛz ˈjuzərz. ˈhaɪˌrɑrki pəˈzɪʃənz ðə ˈfəŋkʃənəl nid ɛz ðə beɪs əv ðə ˈpɪrəmɪd, waɪl ðə nid fər ˈplɛʒər ɪz əp ɔn tɔp ənd ˈæpləkəbəl ˈoʊnli ɪf ðə beɪs həz bɪn fʊlˈfɪld. ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, dɛlt ˈoʊnli wɪθ ðɪs ˈfəŋkʃənəl beɪs, wɪˈθaʊt goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈæˌspɛkts əv ˈplɛʒər ənd dɪˈlaɪt, wɪʧ dɪˈzərv ən ˈɑrtɪkəl əv ðɛr oʊn. soʊ fɑr, kəmˈpaɪld ə ˈfæməli əv naɪn rulz. ðiz naɪn rulz mæp wɛl tɪ ˈɛvəri ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ɪnˈkaʊnərd soʊ fɑr. ðeɪ hɛlp mi tɪ əˈsɛs ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz ðət aɪ si ɪn ˈɪnərˌfeɪsɪz, ənd ðeɪ ər ə strɔŋ sɛt əv ˈgaɪdɪŋ ˈprɪnsəpəlz ɪn ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ haʊ tɪ æd ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz tɪ ə dɪˈzaɪn. aɪ hoʊp ðeɪ sərv ju ɪn jʊr dɪˈzaɪn ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ðeɪ sərv mi. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ˈrisərʧ ɪz ɪn ˈprɑˌgrɛs. soʊ, ðə nɛkst taɪm ju kəm əˈkrɔs ə ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˌænəˈmeɪʃən, goʊ əˈhɛd ənd tɛst ɪt əˈgɛnst wən əv ðiz naɪn grups. ɪf ɪt ˈnitli fɪt ˈɛni əv ðɛm ənd ðə ˌænəˈmeɪʃən həz ə klɪr ˈpərpəs, ʃɛr ɪt wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs, ˈmeɪbi ju hæv faʊnd ðə tɛnθ ˈfæməli əv rulz!
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about the author amit daliot is a freelance ux designer who has focused on digital products for the last 16 years. amit is working as lead architect at 5ive, a design … more about amit…
functional animation in ux design
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editor’s note: this article contains many video examples that show functional animation. therefore, it may take longer to load on slow connections. a good ux designer can easily explain the logic behind each decision in a : this article contains many video examples that show functional animation. therefore, it may take longer to load on slow connections. a good ux designer can easily explain the logic behind each decision in a design concept . this includes the information architecture , the content hierarchy , the flow and the assumptions made.
a good ux designer can easily explain the logic behind each decision in a design concept. this includes the information architecture, the hierarchy of page content, the flow and the assumptions made.
further reading on smashing:
sooner or later, animation will be introduced to the wireframe concept, and then making design decisions or explaining them becomes harder. reasons such as “it will be cool!” or “it’s trendy” or ”exciting” are exactly the areas where a design starts to lose its strength. animations deserve a far better ground in our design considerations. we should be justified in defining animations and explaining their purpose — just the same way that we explain all other elements in a design.
what is functional animation?
functional animation is subtle animation that we embed in a user interface design as part of our process.
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unlike animation made by disney studios or animation made for computer games, functional animation has a clear, logical purpose. their purpose is to serve a design concept by supporting the solution we are trying to convey. functional animation is yet another tool in our ux design arsenal.
in a perfect world, we should be able to validate functional animation against a well-defined set of logical purposes. if a certain animation in our design follows a logical purpose, then it is a valid functional animation and its existence in our design is probably justified. but if it fits no purpose, then it might be redundant and need to be reconsidered.
in the past year or so, while working on various projects, i’ve collected a family of nine logical purposes that today help me validate functional animation. i’ve realized that by examining a well-defined animation, i can easily fit it in one or more groups in this family.
it also works the other way around: when an animation doesn’t fit a functional purpose, it usually also feels awkward or annoying. below are the family groups i have collected so far. i hope you find them useful in validating your own design animation.
orientation
direction illuminates structure. in this group, we find animation that plays a role in our navigation, casting light on the website’s information architecture. the logic behind this type of animation is to maintain the user’s sense of orientation and to help the user comprehend the change that has just happened in the page’s layout, what has triggered the change and how to initiate the change again later on if needed.
a classic example is a button that toggles hidden content. when you click it, a hidden panel appears. and when you close the panel, it shrinks back into the action button.
the first time, a user cannot really predict an interaction that is about to happen. the opening animation of the hidden panel growing in size helps the user stay oriented and not feel that they have left the page or that content has suddenly vanished. they remain in control of everything that is happening. the closing animation helps the user associate the shrinking panel with the action button — so, the next time they will remember how to open the panel again.
logical purpose: avoid a surprising transition, and orient the user.
example videos
same location, new action
a well-known usability rule is to be consistent in both the design and content of a website. a consistent website is predictable and, therefore, learnable. this rule applies to action buttons, among other things.
in certain cases, we are forced to design an action button whose functionality changes under certain conditions. we usually see this in designs where overall space is limited. thus, a user who has learned the functionality of an action button may need to learn new functionality.
“save” and ”edit” buttons are probably the most common example of switchable buttons. but this is an easy case because, while the actions are contradictory, they have the same context. in other situations, when the two actions have no immediately apparent relationship, we face a usability challenge. that’s where functional animation can help.
logical purpose: emphasize a functional change in an action button.
example videos
zoom in
the third family has some similarities with the orientation group we saw earlier. in these animations, the user selects an item in a list to zoom into its detailed view (which overtakes the list view) and is able to go back to the full list view.
we commonly see this in image galleries, cards and item selectors. a user will select an item and will immediately see the detailed screen that is associated with that selection.
the challenge here is to make sure the user feels they are still in control and remain in the given context. functional animation is usually a must in this situation.
in examining numerous functional animations in this family group, i’ve noticed a common pattern that, when implemented accurately, enhances the animation’s effectiveness:
the initial state is the original list of items. each item is designated with a unique visual cue, such as a dominant color, a symbol, a bold title or a thumbnail image. when the user makes a selection, a new page is created and the selected visual cue is relocated to a prominent, dominant position. for example, the entire page might be colored with an item’s unique color; the item’s symbol would expand and be positioned in the page’s title; the item’s name would get bigger and appear in the page’s title. a noticeable action button to dismiss appears in the new page, such as “cancel,” “close,” “back” or “x.”
logical purpose: associate a thumbnail with its detailed view.
example videos
visual hint
visual hints assist users to better understand how to interact with a product’s interface. it is especially needed in designs that contain an unconventional object or a unique navigation method.
this kind of functional animation is easily detected when we open a page and a quick one-time animation is suddenly triggered that demonstrates how certain functionality in the design operates.
logical purpose: hint to exhibit unconventional functionality or a hidden action.
example videos
video credit: michael martinho
video credit: dejan markovic
highlight
this family group assists users in those unfortunate situations when there is a need to rise above a noisy layout.
designers usually strive to avoid noisy layouts, which load the screen with various pieces of textual and visual content that compete with each other for the user’s attention.
one way to minimize noise in an interface is by removing clutter. however, sometimes this task is not so trivial. consider a news website whose owners want to remove pieces of textual news or images from the home page.
motion, by its nature, has the highest level of prominence in a user interface. neither text paragraphs nor static images can compete with motion. we can take advantage of this with this functional animation group. remember, though, that increasing interface noise by adding an object with a higher level of prominence is a slippery slope.
in the animation sample below, we see that the addition of an item to the shopping cart is not noticeable enough due to the crowded background. so, animation is needed.
logical purpose: grab the user’s attention, and rise above a noisy layout.
example videos
simulation
sometimes during design analysis and user interviews, we find that users have a need that we can address only with a tailored simulation.
for these special cases, we would create a customized functional animation. in the example below, soccer analytics are presented in a way that figures, numbers, tables and graphs could never compete with. in the second example, the user can monitor temperatures on a map according to time and geography — a particular use case that could hardly be addressed any other way.
logical purpose: simulate topics that are otherwise hard to convey.
example videos
video credit: monterosa
visual feedback
visual feedback is extremely important in user interface design. in real life, buttons, controls and objects respond to our interaction, and this is how people expect things to work.
but remember that functional animation in this family group needs to be very subtle and should be designed responsively. button feedback is extensively used in every interface, so using functional animation where it is not really needed will cause more harm than good. on touch devices, functional animation can be most beneficial as a substitute for rollover effects.
logical purpose: acknowledge the user’s action.
example videos
video credit: google material design
system status
this group is all about control. for the user, control means knowing and understanding their current context in the system at any given time.
functional animation provides real-time monitoring of system status, enabling the user to quickly understand when an action began, the time remaining and exactly when it has ended. perhaps the very first functional animation that served this role in html websites is the spinner gif, which is still being used in many interfaces to indicate an action in progress.
effective functional animations in this family group usually follow this pattern:
show clear feedback to indicate that the process has initiated. present ongoing feedback while the process is in progress. estimate the completion of the process (a step, by the way, where spinners fail). show clear feedback that the process has terminated.
a well-known animation in this group is “pull down to refresh,” which initiates a process of content updates on mobile devices. examine the implementation of these animations in various applications, and you will soon notice that animations that do not fully comply with the four steps laid out above feel wrong. for example, uncertainty arising from the lack of clear feedback that a process has terminated could prompt the user to initiate the refresh action again.
logical purpose: impart a sense of control in a linear process.
example videos
video credit: yik yak app
marketing tool
this group is all about marketing — and it’s got some fun animations! whereas the previous eight groups in our family of animations are quite logical, this one is full of emotions!
suppose we need to indicate a product’s behavior, highlight a particular feature, promote a unique capability or even bundle a brand’s values and style into a product.
in any of these scenarios, an animation might serve the company’s marketing strategy well. the approach might not be clearly user-centered, but it definitely has a functional purpose.
logical purpose: support a company’s brand values or highlight a product’s strengths.
example videos
video credit: creativedash
summary
when it comes to providing pleasure or delight in our websites and apps, animations contribute a lot. but always remember that they must be functional first.
aarron walter of mailchimp writes about the hierarchy of user needs in his book designing for emotion. it’s similar to maslow’s hierarchy of needs, but rather than describing our personal needs, aarron describes our needs as users. walter’s hierarchy positions the functional need as the base of the pyramid, while the need for pleasure is up on top — and applicable only if the base has been fulfilled. in this article, i’ve dealt only with this functional base, without going into aspects of pleasure and delight, which deserve an article of their own.
so far, i’ve compiled a family of nine rules. these nine rules map well to every animation i’ve encountered so far. they help me to assess animations that i see in interfaces, and they are a strong set of guiding principles in deciding how to add animations to a wireframe design. i hope they serve you in your design process in the same way they serve me.
however, this research is in progress. so, the next time you come across a functional animation, go ahead and test it against one of these nine groups. if it doesn’t neatly fit any of them and the animation has a clear purpose, share it with us, maybe you have found the tenth family of rules!
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nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə hæd ˈpriviəsli θˈrɛtənd tɪ əˈtæk ðə ˈaɪlənd ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri əv gwɑm ˌɪtˈsɛlf. bət waɪl kɪm θrɛts əˈpɪr tɪ hæv ˈfɪzəld əˈweɪ tɪ ˈnəθɪŋ, ˈʧaɪnə ɪz kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ prəˈvoʊk əˈmɛrɪkə ɪn ðə pəˈsɪfɪk. ˈjuˈɛs əˈfɪʃəlz rɪˈvild təˈdeɪ ʧaɪˈniz ˈbɑmərz hæv bɪn ˈsɪmjəˌleɪtɪŋ əˈtæks ɔn gwɑm ɛz pɑrt əv ə ˈsɪriz əv əˈgrɛsɪv, ˈdeɪli ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz. ðə əˈfɪʃəlz spoʊk tɪ rɪˈpɔrtərz ˈtrævəlɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ʤɔɪnt ʧif əv stæf, ˈʤɛnərəl ˈʤoʊzəf ˈdənfərd. ˈgɛti ˈʧaɪnə həz 'ˈsɪmjəˌleɪtɪd əˈtækɪŋ gwɑm', ˈjuˈɛs əˈfɪʃəlz hæv rɪˈvild ˈʧaɪnə ənd ˈrəʃə hoʊld fərst ʤɔɪnt ˈneɪvəl drɪl ɪn ðə ˈbɔltɪk si wɛd, ˌʤuˈlaɪ 26 2017 pleɪ ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz 1 əv 10 ə ʧaɪˈniz ˈwɔrˌʃɪp ˈɑpərˌeɪts ə drɪl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ʤɔɪnt si 2017 ɪn ˈbɔltɪk si ðə riˈpəblɪk əv ˈʧaɪnə ɪz ˈpræktɪsɪŋ əˈtæks ɔn gwɑm. ˈjuˈɛs əˈfɪʃəl ðeɪ sɛd ðeɪ wər ˈkɑnfədənt ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt wɪθ nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə wɑz faɪt wi kən win”*” bət sɛd wɪθ ˈʧaɪnə ðeɪ əˈbaʊt ðə weɪ θɪŋz ər going”*”. wən əˈfɪʃəl sɛd: riˈpəblɪk əv ˈʧaɪnə ɪz ˈpræktɪsɪŋ əˈtæks ɔn gwɑm. ɪz ˈvɛri məʧ ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈʧælənʤ ɪn ðə ˈriʤən. wi lʊk æt ðə ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz ˈʧaɪnə ɪz dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ, gɑt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr wi meɪnˈteɪn ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ mit ɑr əˈlaɪəns kəˈmɪtmənts ɪn ðə pacific.”*.” ðə əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ðiz ˈsɔrtiz wər əˈtɛmpts baɪ ˈʧaɪnə tɪ ɪts kleɪmz juʤ əv ðə saʊθ ˈʧaɪnə si, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə strɪŋ əv dɪˈspjutɪd ˈaɪləndz. wən sɛd ˈʧaɪnə hæd ˈivɪn ˈteɪkən kənˈtroʊl əv ˈfɪʃɪŋ ˈvɛsəlz ɪn ðə ˈriʤən, ˌɪnˈstrəktɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ræm viˌɛtnɑˈmis boʊts ɔn əˈkeɪʒən ˈsɪŋkɪŋ ðɛm. ənd ˈbɑmərz naʊ ˈfrikwɛntli stɔrm θru ðə ˈɛriə, ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ wɪˈθaʊt fighting”*” kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈriʤən. ˈgɛti kɪm θˈrɛtənd tɪ əˈtæk ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈaɪlənd ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri əv gwɑm ðɪs həz lɛd tɪ ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən bɪtˈwin ʧaɪˈniz ˈɛrˌkræft wɪθ ðoʊz frəm ðə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ənd ʤəˈpæn. wən əˈfɪʃəl sɛd: ˈvɛri ˈkɑmən fər ʧaɪˈniz ˈɛrˌkræft tɪ ˌɪnərˈsɛpt ˈjuˈɛs aircraft.”*.” hi sɛd ʧaɪˈniz ənd ˌʤæpəˈniz aircraft”*” ər naʊ duɪŋ ˈɪntu kloʊz prɑkˈsɪməti ə ˈdeɪli basis”*”. ˈʤɛnərəl ˈdənfərd hɪmˈsɛlf ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðə θrɛt poʊzd baɪ ˈʧaɪnə ɪn ðə ˈriʤən bət sɛnt ə ˈmɛsɪʤ əv ˌɪnˈtɛnt tɪ ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ. ˈgɛti ðə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ənd ˈʧaɪnəz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli streɪnd ɪn ðə saʊθ ˈʧaɪnə si
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north korea had previously threatened to attack the island territory of guam itself. but while kim jong-un’s sabre-rattling threats appear to have fizzled away to nothing, china is continuing to provoke america in the pacific. us officials revealed today chinese bombers have been simulating attacks on guam as part of a series of aggressive, daily operations. the officials spoke to reporters travelling with the chairman of the us joint chief of staff, general joseph dunford.
getty china has 'simulated attacking guam', us officials have revealed
china and russia hold first joint naval drill in the baltic sea wed, july 26, 2017 play slideshow getty images 1 of 10 a chinese warship operates a live-fire drill during the joint sea 2017 in baltic sea
the people’s republic of china is practicing attacks on guam. us official
they said they were confident the conflict with north korea was “a fight we can win” but said with china they “worry about the way things are going”. one official said: “the people’s republic of china is practicing attacks on guam. “china is very much the long-term challenge in the region. “when we look at the capabilities china is developing, we’ve got to make sure we maintain the ability to meet our alliance commitments in the pacific.”
the officials said these sorties were attempts by china to re-enforce its claims huge swathes of the south china sea, including a string of disputed islands. one said china had even taken control of 150,000 fishing vessels in the region, instructing them to ram vietnamese boats - on occasion sinking them. and bombers now frequently storm through the area, an attempt to “win without fighting” control of the region.
getty kim jong-un threatened to attack the us island territory of guam
this has led to an increase in confrontation between chinese aircraft with those from the usa and japan. one official said: “it’s very common for chinese aircraft to intercept us aircraft.” he said “armed chinese flankers and japanese aircraft” are now doing into close proximity “on a daily basis”. general dunford himself acknowledged the threat posed by china in the region but sent a message of intent to beijing.
getty the usa and china's relationship is becoming increasingly strained in the south china sea
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ðə ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən ʃoʊz ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv bləd ˈvɛsəlz, i.e*., vascularisation*, ɪn ðə məˈtɪriəl ˌɪmˈplæntɪd ɪn ən ˈænəməl ˈmɑdəl. ˈrisərʧərz æt əˈkædəmi ənd ˈʧɑmərz ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv tɛkˈnɑləʤi hæv səkˈsɛsfəli ˌɪnˈdust ˈjumən ˈkɑrtəlɪʤ sɛlz tɪ lɪv ənd groʊ ɪn ən ˈænəməl ˈmɑdəl, ˈjuzɪŋ bioprinting*. ðə rɪˈzəlts wɪl muv dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈkloʊzər tɪ ə pəˈtɛnʃəl fˈjuʧər ɪn wɪʧ ɪt wɪl bi ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ hɛlp ˈpeɪʃənz baɪ ˈgɪvɪŋ ðɛm nu ˈbɑdi pɑrts θru bioprinting*. rɪˈzəlts wər ˈrisəntli pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl ˈplæstɪk ənd ˌrikənˈstrəktɪv ˈsərʤəri ˈgloʊbəl ˈoʊpən. ɪz ðə fərst taɪm ˈɛniˌwən həz ˈprɪnɪd ˈkɑrtəlɪʤ sɛlz, ˌɪmˈplæntɪd ðɛm ɪn ən ˈænəməl ˈmɑdəl ənd ˌɪnˈdust ðɛm tɪ grow,”*,” sɪz pɔl, prəˈfɛsər əv tɛkˈnɑləʤi æt ˈʧɑmərz ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv tɛkˈnɑləʤi. əˈməŋ ɛls, prəˈfɛsər lidz ðə ˈrisərʧ tim ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðə nu ˌbaɪoʊməˈtɪriəl beɪst ɔn æt ðə ˈwɔlənbərg wʊd saɪəns ˈsɛnər. hi həz bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ lɑrz kölby*, ˈsinjər ˈlɛkʧərər æt əˈkædəmi ənd ˈspɛʃəlɪst kənˈsəltənt wɪθ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈplæstɪk ˈsərʤəri æt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. ðə ˈrisərʧərz ˈprɪnɪd ə əv mɪkst wɪθ ˈkɑrtəlɪʤ sɛlz ə soʊ kɔld ˈkɑnstrəkt. ðeɪ juzd ə ˌmænjəˈfækʧərd baɪ cellink*, ə ˈstɑrˌtəp fərm huz ɪz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈrisərʧ baɪ pɔl. ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈæftər ˈprɪnɪŋ, ðə ˈkɑnstrəkt wɑz ˌɪmˈplæntɪd ɪn maɪs. ðə ˈrisərʧərz kən rɪˈpɔrt θri ˈpɑzətɪv rɪˈzəlts əv ðə ˈænəməl ˈstədi: 1 ˈjumən ˈkɑrtəlɪʤ ˈtɪʃu həz groʊn ɪn ən ˈænəməl ˈmɑdəl. 2 vascularisation*, i.e*., ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv bləd ˈvɛsəlz, bɪtˈwin ðə məˈtɪriəlz. 3 strɔŋ ˌstɪmjəˈleɪʃən əv ˌproʊlɪfərˈeɪʃən ənd fɔrˈmeɪʃən baɪ ˈjumən stɛm sɛlz. wi si ˈæftər 60 deɪz ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət bɪˈgɪnz tɪ rɪˈzɛmbəl ˈkɑrtəlɪʤ. ɪt ɪz waɪt ənd ðə ˈjumən ˈkɑrtəlɪʤ sɛlz ər əˈlaɪv ənd prəˈdusɪŋ wət ðeɪ ər səˈpoʊzd tɪ. wi hæv ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈstɪmjəˌleɪt ðə ˈkɑrtəlɪʤ sɛlz baɪ ˈædɪŋ stɛm sɛlz, wɪʧ ˈklɪrli prəˈmoʊtəd ˈfərðər sɛl division,”*,” sɪz lɑrz kölby*. naʊ hæv pruf ðət ðə ˈprɪnɪd wɪθ sɛlz kən bi ˌɪmˈplæntɪd. ɪt groʊz ɪn maɪs ənd, ɪn əˈdɪʃən, bləd ˈvɛsəlz hæv fɔrmd ɪn it,”*,” sɪz pɔl. kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən həz bɪn ə ki kəmˈpoʊnənt ənd ˈkrɪtɪkəl tɪ ðə səkˈsɛs əv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. ˈsaɪəntɪsts ɪn tu ˈdɪfərənt ˈdɪsəplənz hæv səkˈsɛsfəli krɔst ˌækəˈdɛmɪk laɪnz tɪ faɪnd ə ˈkɑmən goʊl wɛr ðeɪ kʊd ˈkɑmbaɪn ðɛr skɪlz ɪn ə ˈfrutfəl weɪ. ““often*, ɪt ɪz laɪk ðɪs: wi klɪˈnɪʃənz wərk wɪθ ˈprɑbləmz ənd ˈrisərʧərz wərk wɪθ səˈluʃənz. ɪf wi kən kəm təˈgɛðər, ðɛr ɪz ə ʧæns əv ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈsɑlvɪŋ səm əv ðə ˈprɑbləmz wi ər ˈrɛsəlɪŋ wɪθ ənd ɪn ðɪs weɪ, ˈpeɪʃənz ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ðə research,”*,” sɪz lɑrz kölby*. pɔl ɪz ˈkɛrfəl tɪ pɔɪnt aʊt ðət ðə rɪˈzəlts hi ənd lɑrz tim ər naʊ ˈeɪbəl tɪ rɪˈpɔrt du nɑt ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈɛni ʃɔrt kət tɪ ˈɔrgənz. wət wi hæv dən, ðə ˈrisərʧ həz ˈteɪkən ə stɛp ˈfɔrwərd təˈwɔrdz ˈsəmˌdeɪ, wi hoʊp, biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ sɛlz ðət bɪˈkəm ˈbɑdi pɑrts fər ˈpeɪʃənz. ðɪs ɪz haʊ ju hæv tɪ wərk wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˌpaɪəˈnɪrɪŋ ækˈtɪvɪti: wən smɔl stɛp æt ə taɪm. ɑr rɪˈzəlts ər nɑt ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən bət ðeɪ ər ə ˈgrætəˌfaɪɪŋ pɑrt əv ən evolution!”*!” tɛkst: ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə sˈvɛnsən.
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the illustration shows the formation of blood vessels, i.e., vascularisation, in the bioprinted material implanted in an animal model.
swedish researchers at sahlgrenska academy and chalmers university of technology have successfully induced human cartilage cells to live and grow in an animal model, using 3d bioprinting. the results will move development closer to a potential future in which it will be possible to help patients by giving them new body parts through 3d bioprinting.
the results were recently presented in the journal plastic and reconstructive surgery global open.
“this is the first time anyone has printed human-derived cartilage cells, implanted them in an animal model and induced them to grow,” says paul gatenholm, professor of biopolymer technology at chalmers university of technology.
among else, professor gatenholm leads the research team working with the new biomaterial based on nanocellulose at the wallenberg wood science center. he has been working with lars kölby, senior lecturer at sahlgrenska academy and specialist consultant with the department of plastic surgery at sahlgrenska university hospital.
the researchers printed a hydrogel of nanocellulose mixed with human-derived cartilage cells – a so called construct. they used a 3d bioprinter manufactured by cellink, a gothenburg-based startup firm whose bio-ink is a result of research by paul gatenholm. immediately after printing, the construct was implanted in mice.
the researchers can report three positive results of the animal study:
1. human cartilage tissue has grown in an animal model.
2. vascularisation, i.e., the formation of blood vessels, between the materials.
3. strong stimulation of proliferation and neocartilage formation by human stem cells.
“what we see after 60 days is something that begins to resemble cartilage. it is white and the human cartilage cells are alive and producing what they are supposed to. we have also been able to stimulate the cartilage cells by adding stem cells, which clearly promoted further cell division,” says lars kölby.
“we now have proof that the 3d printed hydrogel with cells can be implanted. it grows in mice and, in addition, blood vessels have formed in it,” says paul gatenholm.
collaboration has been a key component and critical to the success of the project. scientists in two different disciplines have successfully crossed academic lines to find a common goal where they could combine their skills in a fruitful way.
“often, it is like this: we clinicians work with problems and researchers work with solutions. if we can come together, there is a chance of actually solving some of the problems we are wrestling with – and in this way, patients benefit from the research,” says lars kölby.
paul gatenholm is careful to point out that the results he and lars kölby’s team are now able to report do not involve any short cut to bioprinted organs.
“with what we have done, the research has taken a step forward towards someday, we hope, being able to bioprint cells that become body parts for patients. this is how you have to work when it comes to this kind of pioneering activity: one small step at a time. our results are not a revolution – but they are a gratifying part of an evolution!”
text: carolina svensson.
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sɪns 1982 ðə steɪt əv ˈtɛksəs həz ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd 514 əˈmɛrɪkənz ənd æt list wən ˈsɪtɪzən əv ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, wɪθ ˈhənərdz mɔr ˈweɪtɪŋ ɔn dɛθ roʊ. tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl dəˈbeɪt, nuz ˈæŋkər braɪən ˈwɪljəmz riˈmaɪndɪd ˈtɛksəs ˈgəvərnər rɪk ˈpɛri ðət ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz jɪrz ɪn ˈɔstən, hi əˈpruvd mɔr ˌɛksəˈkjuʃənz əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪtɪzənz, 232 ðən ˈɛniˌwən ɪn kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈhɪstəri. ðə ˈɔdiəns ˈæˌkʧuəli əˈplɔdɪd ˈpɛri fər hɪz ˈrɛkərd ɛz ʧif ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən ˈɔfɪsər, ənd wɪn ˈwɪljəmz ˈfɑloʊd əp wɪθ ə kˈwɛʃən əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ˈgəvərnər ˈpɛri slips ˈsaʊndli æt naɪt, ˈpɛri wɑz ˈhæpi tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ðət hi ˈnɛvər steɪd əp ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə lɪvz əv ðə mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən hi sɛnt tɪ dɛθ. rəˈgɑrdləs əv jʊr ˈpərsɪnəl pəˈzɪʃən ɔn ðə dɛθ ˈpɛnəlti, ɪt ɪz ˌəndɪˈnaɪəbəl ðət ˈtækˌspeɪərz spɛnd ˌɛkspoʊˈnɛnʃəli mɔr ɔn ðoʊz ˈsɛntənst tɪ dɛθ ðən ðoʊz ˈsɛntənst tɪ laɪf ɪn ˈprɪzən wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv pəroʊl. ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈʧipər tɪ kip ə ˈkrɪmənəl bɪˈhaɪnd bɑrz fər ðə rɛst əv hɪz laɪf ðən ɪt ɪz tɪ kɪl ɪm. ˈmərdər ɪz ɪkˈspɛnsɪv. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈrisənt ˈstədi baɪ ˌækəˈdɛmɪks æt ˈhɑrvərd ənd ˈkjuni (wən əv hum rɪˈsivd hər ˈdɑktərət ɪn ˈmɛdəsən æt lsu*), ˈgəvərnər ˈbɑbi rɪfˈjuzəl tɪ ɪkˈspænd ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd wɪl rɪˈzəlt ɪn ðə dɛθs əv 542 luˌiziˈæniənz, mɔr ðən ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər əv ˈpipəl ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd baɪ ðə steɪt əv ˈtɛksəs ɪn ðə læst 32 jɪrz. gɪt tɪ ðə ˈsəbstəns əv ðə ˈstədi sun, bət fərst, aɪ θɪŋk ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt wi kənˈsɪdər ə fju θɪŋz. ˈtɛksəs spɛnz əraʊnd ˈmɪljən pər dɛθ roʊ ˈɪnˌmeɪt, wɪʧ minz ðət ˈtɛksəs, ˈoʊvər ðə læst 32 jɪrz, həz spɛnt æt list ˈbɪljən ɔn ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ 515 ˈpipəl. tɪ bi ʃʊr, ðɛr ər ˈhənərdz əv ˈɪnˌmeɪts ˈkərəntli ɔn dɛθ roʊ ɪn ˈtɛksəs, ənd ðət minz ə ˈbɪljən mɔr həz ɔˈrɛdi bɪn spɛnt ənd ˈhənərdz əv ˈmɪljənz mɔr wɪl bi spɛnt. jɛt dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs ˈmæsɪv ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt, ˈtɛksəs ˈɛni lɛs ˈdeɪnʤərəs. ðə ˈmərdər reɪt ɪn ˈtɛksəs ɪz ɪn laɪn wɪθ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈævərɪʤ. ɪn fækt, ðə ˈoʊnli steɪts sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈseɪfər ðən ˈtɛksəs ɔl ʃɛr ə ˈkəpəl əv θɪŋz ɪn ˈkɑmən: ðɛr ˈpəblɪk ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈsteɪʃənz ɛr ˈwikli ʃoʊz əˈbaʊt dɛθ roʊ ˈɪnˌmeɪts, ənd noʊ wən əˈspaɪərz tɪ lɪv ɪn ðə ɛnˈvɪʒənd ɪn ðə ˈhəŋgər geɪmz, ə pleɪs wɛr ˈpipəl wɪl əˈplɔd ðɛr ˈlidər fər hɪz proʊˈlɪfɪk ˈrɛkərd əv ˈmərdər. ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ pʊt ɔl əv ðɪs ɪn ˈkɑntɛkst. ˈbɑbi, ˈæftər ɔl, wɑz ðə ˈvɛri fərst ˈmeɪʤər rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlidər tɪ ɛnˈdɔrs rɪk dɪˈzæstrəs ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn. fər ˈnɪrli fɔr jɪrz, ˈbɑbi həz stʊd hɪz graʊnd əˈgɛnst ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðə əˈfɔrdəbəl kɛr ækt. tɪ ɪm, ɪt ˈmætər ðət ðə lɔ ɪz ˈmɑdəld, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪnˈtaɪərli, ɔf əv mɪt səkˈsɛsfəl plæn ɪn ˌmæsəˈʧusəts ər ðət ðə ˈfreɪmˌwərk wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli dɪˈvɛləpt ɪn ðə bæk rumz əv kənˈsərvətɪv θɪŋk tæŋks. ənd ɪt ˈivɪn ˈrɛʤɪstər ðət ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ˈpraɪvət hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz wɑz ən aɪˈdiə ðət hɪmˈsɛlf hæd pɪʧt tɪ ðə bʊʃ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɛz leɪt ɛz noʊˈvɛmbər əv 2008 ˈoʊnli deɪz ˈæftər ˌoʊˈbɑmə bɪˈkeɪm ˌoʊˈbɑmə. hæd ˈɔlˌweɪz kənˈsɪdərd hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ bi hɪz ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈlidər ɔn hɛlθ kɛr ˈpɑləsi, bət hɪz ˈhjubrəs ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu ɪnˈtaɪərli ər ənˈfaʊndɪd. wɪn hi wɑz ˈoʊnli 24 jɪrz oʊld, hi bɪˈkeɪm ðə hɛd əv dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv hɛlθ ənd ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz bɪˈkəz ðə ˈgəvərnər æt ðə taɪm, maɪk ˈfɑstər, wɑz ˌɪmˈprɛst baɪ ə roʊt. ə fju jɪrz ˈleɪtər, hi ədˈvaɪzd ˈprɛzɪdənt ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ ɔn ˈmɛdəˌkɛr rɪˈfɔrm. mənθs ˈæftər hi wɑz ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈgəvərnər əv luˌiziˈænə, prəˈpoʊzd ə ˈpaɪlət ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn leɪk ˈʧɑrəlz ðət wʊd prəˈvaɪd ˈfɛdərəl ˈsəbsɪdiz tɪ ɔl ˈsɪtɪzənz ɪn ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈlaʊ ðɛm ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ˈpərʧəs hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ɔn ðə ˈpraɪvət ˈmɑrkɪt. ɪf ðə ˈpaɪlət wərkt ɛz hi ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd, hi wʊd ɪkˈspænd ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ˈsteɪtˌwaɪd. ðɛr wɑz ˈoʊnli wən ˈprɑbləm: hi ˈnidɪd ˈfɛdərəl ˈməni, ənd ˈprɛzɪdənt bʊʃ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd əˈgɛnst fɪˈnænsɪŋ ˈwaɪldli æmˈbɪʃəs ənd ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈpaɪlət ˈproʊˌgræm; ˈæftər ɔl, ˈoʊnli tu mənθs ˈleɪtər, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd hɪz waɪf wɔkt daʊn ðə stɛps əv ðə ˈkæpɪtəl, ˈbɔrdɪd mərˈin wən fər ðə læst taɪm, ənd wər wɪskt əˈweɪ tɪ ˈkrɔfərd, ˈtɛksəs. wɪθ ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. ˈɛksət, ˈbɑbi wɑz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ðə hɛlθ kɛr ˈpɑləsi ˈɪnəˌveɪtər; hi bɪˈkeɪm ðə hɛlθ kɛr ˈpɑləsi ˈsɪnɪk. hɛlθ kɛr rɪˈfɔrm wɑz, ˈɑrgjuəbli, ðə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈbɪgəst ˈɪʃu ɪn ðə 2008 ɪˈlɛkʃənz, ənd ɪt kˈwɪkli bɪˈkeɪm ˈprɛzɪdənt tɔp ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv praɪˈɔrəti. ɔn ðə seɪm naɪt ðət ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈdeɪbjutɪd ɪn frənt əv ə ʤɔɪnt ˈsɛʃən əv ˈkɑŋgrəs, ˈgəvərnər ˈbɑbi əv luˌiziˈænə wɑz səˈlɛktɪd tɪ gɪv ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən rɪˈspɑns. ɪt ʃʊd hæv bɪn ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈɑbviəs: səˈlɛktɪd bɪˈkəz əv hɪz ˌɔrəˈtɔrəkəl skɪlz. hi wɑz səˈlɛktɪd bɪˈkəz, æt ðə taɪm, rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlidərz θɔt hi wɑz ðə bɛst əˌprɑksəˈmeɪʃən əv ˌoʊˈbɑmə: ðɛr ˈvərʒən əv ə jəŋ, ˈfɪrsli smɑrt, kɛrɪzˈmætɪk ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən, ə məˈnɔrəti ənd ðə sən əv ˈɪməgrənts, ənd pərˈhæps ˈivɪn mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, ə gaɪ hu simd tɪ noʊ ə lɔt əˈbaʊt hɛlθ kɛr ˈpɑləsi, ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən bɛst ʧæns æt riˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈnɛrətɪv. bɑʧt ðə spiʧ, ənd fər ðə læst sɪks jɪrz, bɪn ˈprɪti məʧ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls. ðɛr wɑz ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti, ɔlˈbiɪt brif, fər ˈbɑbi tɪ əˈsərt hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ðə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃənəl ˈlidər hi ˈprɑməst tɪ bi. hi hæd bɪlt əp ə trɪˈmɛndəs əˈmaʊnt əv ˈgʊdˈwɪl, ənd ˈivɪn əˈməŋ luˌiziˈænə ˈdɛməˌkræts, hi hæd wəns bɪn rɪˈspɛktɪd ɛz ən ˈɪmənəntli ˈrizənəbəl gaɪ, dɪˈspaɪt ðɛr ˌdɪsəˈgrimənts wɪθ ɪm ɔn ˈpɑləsi. wɪn wərkt fər ˈgəvərnər ˈfɑstər, hi ənd hɪz waɪf wər kloʊz frɛndz wɪθ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈlidərz ənd ˈpɑləsiˌmeɪkərz. æt səm pɔɪnt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðoʊz hu nu ɪm bɛst ɪn ðoʊz ˈərli jɪrz, hɪz ˌpərsəˈnælɪti ʧeɪnʤd. hi bɪˈkeɪm mɔr ˈpɑrtəzən, mɔr dɪˈtæʧt frəm hɪz frɛndz əˈkrɔs ðə aɪəl. moʊst treɪs ðə ʧeɪnʤ tɪ hɪz fərst ɪˈlɛkʃən tɪ ˈkɑŋgrəs. hi bɪˈkeɪm ˌɪnˈtɑksɪˌkeɪtɪd wɪθ ðə əˈlʊr əv ˈnæʃənəl ˈpɑləˌtɪks, soʊ ðə ˈnɛrətɪv goʊz, ənd bɪn drəŋk ɔn ɪt ˈɛvər sɪns. tɪ səm, ðə mɪr əˈsərʃən ðət rɪfˈjuzəl tɪ ɪkˈspænd ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd wɪl rɪˈzəlt ɪn ˈhənərdz əv ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri dɛθs meɪ sim ɪˈgriʤəs, ˌɔnˈfɛr, ənd ˈpɑrtəzən. bət hɛlθ kɛr ˈaʊtˌkəmz ər kˌwɑntɪˈfaɪəbɛl. ðɪs ɪz nɑt, ɛz wʊd hæv ˈpipəl bɪˈliv, ˈsɪmpli ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪʃu, ənd ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt wər, ðə ˈnəmbərz du nɑt ənd hæv ˈnɛvər səˈpɔrtɪd pəˈzɪʃən. bɪˈkəz əv ˈbɑbi ənd ˈbɑbi əˈloʊn, (əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈstədi) luˌiziˈænə ˈsɪtɪzənz wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ˌənɪnˈʃʊrd, dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət ˈfɛdərəl lɔ wʊd prəˈvaɪd ðɛm wɪθ ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti ənd ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ ˌgɛrənˈti ðɛr ˈkəvərɪʤ. meɪ nɑt sim laɪk ən ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˈnəmbər tɪ ˈpipəl hu lɪv ɪn bɪg ˈsɪtiz, bət ɪn luˌiziˈænə, ə ˈsɪti əv wʊd bi ðə ɪn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər steɪt. ˈgəvərnər dɪˈfɛndz hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ˈrɛfˌjuz ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd ɪkˈspænʧən ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs ðət ɪt kʊd, æt ðə ˈvɛri wərst, kɔst luˌiziˈænə ˈbɪljən ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst tɛn jɪrz. ðət prɑˈʤɛkʃən ɪz naʊ dɪˈfɪnɪtɪvli ˈdubiəs, ɛz ɪt wɑz beɪst ɔn ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈwərstˈkeɪs əˈsəmpʃənz ɔn ɛnˈroʊlmənt ənd pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən. mɔr ðən ˈlaɪkli, ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd ɪkˈspænʧən wʊd ˈæˌkʧuəli meɪk ˈməni fər luˌiziˈænə. bət əˈsum ˈgəvərnər wərst keɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊ ɪz raɪt: luˌiziˈænə həz tɪ kəm əp wɪθ ˈbɪljən ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst 10 jɪrz. nɑt raɪt, bət əˈgɛn, ʤɪst priˈtɛnd ɪt ɪz). ðət wʊd min ˈtɛksəs həz spɛnt ʤɪst ɛz məʧ ˈməni ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ 515 ˈpipəl ənd ˈkipɪŋ əˈnəðər fju ˈhənərd ɔn dɛθ roʊ ðən luˌiziˈænə wʊd hæv tɪ spɛnd ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðət ˈpipəl hæv hɛlθ kɛr ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns, wɪʧ, ɪn ənd əv ˌɪtˈsɛlf, wʊd seɪv mɔr lɪvz ðən ˈtɛksəs həz ˈɛndɪd. ˈtɛksəs spɛnt ˈoʊvər ə ˈbɪljən ˈdɔlərz tɪ ˈɛksəˌkjut 515 ˈpipəl, ənd ˈbɑbi θɪŋks ɪts ˈgəvərnər ʃʊd bɪˈkəm ðə nɛkst ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ˈminˌwaɪl, bɪˈkəz əv rɪfˈjuzəl tɪ əkˈsɛpt ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd ɪkˈspænʧən fəndz, luˌiziˈænə ɪz ənˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ əkˈsɛpt 16 ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈfɛdərəl ˈfəndɪŋ tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr hɛlθ kɛr fər ˈpipəl ənd prɪˈvɛnt ðə dɛθs əv ɛz ˈmɛni ɛz 542 luˌiziˈænə ˈsɪtɪzənz.
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since 1982, the state of texas has executed 514 americans and at least one citizen of mexico, with hundreds more waiting on death row. two years ago, during the republican primary presidential debate, news anchor brian williams reminded texas governor rick perry that during his years in austin, he approved more executions of american citizens, 232, than anyone in contemporary history. the audience actually applauded perry for his record as chief execution officer, and when williams followed up with a question about whether governor perry sleeps soundly at night, perry was happy to report that he never stayed up thinking about the lives of the men and women he sent to death.
regardless of your personal position on the death penalty, it is undeniable that taxpayers spend exponentially more on those sentenced to death than those sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. it’s actually cheaper to keep a criminal behind bars for the rest of his life than it is to kill him. murder is expensive.
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according to a recent study by academics at harvard and cuny (one of whom received her doctorate in medicine at lsu), governor bobby jindal’s refusal to expand medicaid will result in the deaths of 542 louisianians, more than the total number of people executed by the state of texas in the last 32 years. i’ll get to the substance of the study soon, but first, i think it’s important we consider a few things.
texas spends around $2.3 million per death row inmate, which means that texas, over the last 32 years, has spent at least $1.185 billion on executing 515 people. to be sure, there are hundreds of inmates currently on death row in texas, and that means a billion more has already been spent and hundreds of millions more will be spent. yet despite this massive investment, texas isn’t any less dangerous. the murder rate in texas is in line with the national average. in fact, the only states significantly safer than texas all share a couple of things in common: their public radio stations don’t air weekly shows about death row inmates, and no one aspires to live in the dystopia envisioned in the hunger games, a place where people will applaud their leader for his prolific record of state-sanctioned murder.
it’s important to put all of this in context. bobby jindal, after all, was the very first major republican leader to endorse rick perry’s disastrous presidential campaign.
*****
for nearly four years, bobby jindal has stood his groundt the implementation of the affordable care act. to him, it didn’t matter that the law is modeled, almost entirely, off of mitt romney’s successful plan in massachusetts or that the law’s framework was actuallyoped in the back rooms of conservative think tanks. and it didn’t even register that the creation of private health insurance exchanges was an idea that jindal himself had pitched to the bush administration as late as november of 2008, only days after then-senator obama became president-elect obama. jindal had always considered himself to be his party’s intellectual leader on health care policy, but his hubris on the issue wasn’t entirely unmerited or unfounded.
when he was only 24 years old, he became the head of louisiana’s department of health and hospitals because the governor at the time, mike foster, was impressed by a whitepaper jindal wrote. a few years later, he advised president george w. bush on medicare reform. months after he was elected governor of louisiana, jindal proposed a pilot program in lake charles that would provide federal subsidies to all citizens in the district in order to allow them the opportunity to purchase health insurance on the private market. if the pilot worked as he anticipated, he would expand the program statewide. there was only one problem: he needed federal money, and president bush decidedt financing jindal’s wildly ambitious and controversial health insurance pilot program; after all, only two months later, the president and his wife walked down the steps of the capitol, boarded marine one for the last time, and were whisked away to crawford, texas.
with george w. bush’s exit, bobby jindal was no longer the health care policy innovator; he became the health care policy cynic. health care reform was, arguably, the single biggest issue in the 2008 elections, and it quickly became president obama’s top legislative priority. on the same night that barack obama debuted in front of a joint session of congress, governor bobby jindal of louisiana was selected to give the republican response. it should have been immediately obvious: jindal wasn’t selected because of his oratorical skills. he was selected because, at the time, republican leaders thought he was the best approximation of obama: their version of a young, fiercely smart, charismatic politician, a minority and the son of immigrants, and perhaps even more importantly, a guy who seemed to know a lot about health care policy, the republican party’s best chance at retaking the narrative.
jindal botched the speech, and for the last six years, he’s been botching pretty much everything else. there was an opportunity, albeit brief, for bobby jindal to assert himself as the transformational leader he promised to be. he had built up a tremendous amount of goodwill, and even among louisiana democrats, he had once been respected as an imminently reasonable guy, despite their disagreements with him on policy. when jindal worked for governor foster, he and his wife were close friends with a number of democratic leaders and policymakers.
at some point, according to those who knew him best in those early years, his personality changed. he became more rabidly partisan, more detached from his friends across the aisle. most trace the change to his first election to congress. he became intoxicated with the allure of national politics, so the narrative goes, and he’s been drunk on it ever since.
*****
to some, the mere assertion that jindal’s refusal to expand medicaid will result in hundreds of unnecessary deaths may seem egregious, unfair, and hyperbolically partisan. but health care outcomes are quantifiable. this is not, as jindal would have people believe, simply an economic issue, and even if it were, the numbers do not and have never supported jindal’s position.
because of bobby jindal and bobby jindal alone, 277,000 (according to the study) louisiana citizens will remain uninsured, despite the fact that federal law would provide them with the opportunity and the resources to guarantee their coverage.
277,000 may not seem like an enormous number to people who live in america’s big cities, but in louisiana, a city of 277,000 would be the second-largest in the entire state.
governor jindal defends his decision to refuse medicaid expansion on the basis that it could, at the very worst, cost louisiana $1.7 billion over the next ten years. that projection is now definitively dubious, as it was based on a series of worst-case assumptions on enrollment and participation. more than likely, medicaid expansion would actually make money for louisiana.
but let’s assume governor jindal’s worst case scenario is right: louisiana has to come up with $1.7 billion over the next 10 years. (it’s not right, but again, let’s just pretend it is).
that would mean texas has spent just as much money executing 515 people and keeping another few hundred on death row than louisiana would have to spend ensuring that 277,000 people have health care insurance, which, in and of itself, would save more lives than texas has ended.
texas spent over a billion dollars to execute 515 people, and bobby jindal thinks its governor should become the next president of the united states. meanwhile, because of jindal’s refusal to accept medicaid expansion funds, louisiana is unwilling to accept $16 billion in federal funding to ensure health care for 277,000 people and prevent the deaths of as many as 542 louisiana citizens.
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pɔrt ˈditeɪlz meɪt "meta-port*" fər ðə meɪt ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ˈdɛskˌtɑp 3 maintainer*: pɔrt ˈædɪd: læst ˈəpˌdeɪt: riˈvɪʒən: 484194 ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlɪstɪd ɪn: meɪt ˈlaɪsəns: nɑt ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd ɪn pɔrt meɪt ɪz ə fɔrk əv noʊm 2 ɪt prəˈvaɪdz ən ˌɪnˈtuətɪv ənd əˈtræktɪv ˈdɛskˌtɑp tɪ ˈjuzərz ˈjuzɪŋ trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈmɛtəfɔrz. wɛr dɪz ðə neɪm kəm frəm? ðə neɪm "meɪt" kəmz frəm meɪt, ə ˈspiʃiz əv ˈhɑli ˈneɪtɪv tɪ saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə. ɪts livz kənˈteɪn kæˈfin ənd ər juzd tɪ meɪk ˌɪnfˈjuʒənz ənd ə ˈbɛvərɪʤ kɔld meɪt. ðɪs ˌɪnˈstɔlz meɪt beɪs (laɪt, ə lin ˈdɛskˌtɑp) pləs ˈɛkstrəz ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz səʧ ɛz tɛkst ˈɛdɪtər, ˈmænɪʤər ənd ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ɪf ju du nɑt wɔnt tɪ hæv ðə bloʊts, pliz ˌɪnˈstɔl. www*: http://www.freebsd.org/gnome*/ ðɛr ɪz noʊ kənˈfɪgjər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər ðɪs pɔrt. dɪˈpɛndənsi laɪn: tɪ ˌɪnˈstɔl ðə pɔrt: ˈsiˈdi /usr/ports/x11/mate*/ meɪk ˌɪnˈstɔl klin tɪ æd ðə ˈpækɪʤ: ˌɪnˈstɔl meɪt pkgname*: meɪt ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈfleɪvər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər ðɪs pɔrt.: ðɛr ɪz noʊ fər ðɪs pɔrt. noʊt: dɪˈspleɪz ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn rikˈwaɪərd ənd dɪˈfɔlt dɪˈpɛndənsiz. ˈɔpʃənəl dɪˈpɛndənsiz ər nɑt ˈkəvərd. dɪˈpɛndənsiz: ðɛr ər noʊ pɔrts dɪˈpɛndənt əˈpɑn ðɪs pɔrt kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ˈɔpʃənz noʊ ˈɔpʃənz tɪ kənˈfɪgjər ˈjuzɪz: meɪt pkg-message*: kənˌgræʧəˈleɪʃənz! meɪt beɪs həz bɪn səkˈsɛsfəli ˌɪnˈstɔld ɔn jʊr ˈsɪstəm. fər hɛlp ɔn ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪt əp, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈænsərz tɪ ˈkɑmən kˈwɛsʧənz, ənd səm noʊn ˈɪʃuz, pliz si ðə noʊm æt: http://www.freebsd.org/gnome*/ ˈmæstər saɪts: ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈmæstər saɪt fər ðɪs pɔrt. ˈnəmbər əv kəˈmɪts faʊnd: 10 kəˈmɪt ˈhɪstəri (meɪ bi ˌɪnkəmˈplit: si lɪŋk əˈbəv fər fʊl ˈditeɪlz) deɪt baɪ dɪˈskrɪpʃən 05 noʊv 2018 ˈəpˌdeɪt tɪ 13 2018 ˈəpˌdeɪtɪŋ meɪt pɔrts tɪ ənd pæʧ fər meɪt rivˈjud baɪ: əˈpruvd baɪ: (ˈmɛnˌtɔr) 04 2017 ˈəpˌdeɪt ðə meɪt ˈdɛskˌtɑp tɪ ðə meɪt də ɪz naʊ beɪst həz kəm bæk. nu ˈmækroʊ æd ˈlaɪsəns ˌrivˈju tɪ ˈɔpʃənz riˈwərkt ˈɪntu ˈɔpʃən ˈhɛlpər θæŋks tɪ ˈɛrɪk ˈtərʤɪn fər səbˈmɪtɪŋ ðə bəlk əv ðɪs meɪt ˈəpˌdeɪt. əbˈteɪnd frəm: noʊm ˈripoʊ 01 2016 mæt riˈmuv ${portsdir*}/ frəm dɪˈpɛndənsiz, ˈkætəˌgɔriz vi, ˈdəbəlju, ɛks, waɪ, ənd zi. wɪθ hæt: ˈspɑnsərd baɪ: 25 ʤæn 2016 ˈəpˌdeɪt ðə meɪt də tɪ stɪl bɪld meɪt əˈgɛnst gtk*+ 2 du tɪ gtk*+ 3 səˈpɔrt nɑt ˈrɛdi fər praɪm taɪm. fɪks ˈloʊdɪŋ əv ə ˈnəmbər əv. wi riˈneɪm ə ˈnəmbər əv bət ˈdɪdənt ʧeɪnʤ ðə "config*" faɪlz ðə "æd ˈæplət tɪ ˈpænəl" ˈdaɪəlɔg ˈjuzɪz. 1 ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv nu noʊts wɪθ ðə ˈæplət 2 pr*: 205391 1 200349 2 əbˈteɪnd frəm: noʊm ˈripoʊ 27 2015 ˈəpˌdeɪt meɪt də tɪ ðɪs meɪt ɪz stɪl bɪld sɔrt ˈjuzɪz hir ənd ðɛr. ˌriˈpleɪs wɪθ ənd wɪθ galculator*. ðɪs ˈəpˌdeɪt ˈfɪksɪz ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ pr's*: pr*: 193942 191885 səbˈmɪtəd baɪ: ˈpɛrɛz <gustau.perez@gmail.com*> ˈviə noʊm ˈripoʊ əbˈteɪnd frəm: noʊm ˈripoʊ. 28 mɑr 2015 ˈkɑnvərt tɪ 10 ˈɛˈsiˈpi 2014 kəˈmɪt ˈmitə pɔrt fərˈgɑtən ɪn meɪt ˌɪmˈpɔrt 10 ˈɛˈsiˈpi 2014 əˈtɛmpt 4 tɪ ˈɪndɛks ˈæftər meɪt ˈdɛskˌtɑp ˌɪmˈpɔrt: ʧeɪs riˈneɪmd dɪˈpɛndənsiz. 23 noʊv 2013 seɪ hɛˈloʊ tɪ meɪt meɪt ɪz ə laɪt ˈdɛskˌtɑp fɔrkt frəm moʊst əv ðə wərk ɪz dən baɪ ˈʤɛrəˌmi ˈmɛsɪnʤər (mezz*@). ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ aɪ dɪd wɑz ˈəpˌdeɪt ə fju pɔrts tɪ ˈleɪtər riˈlis ənd əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ kip əp wɪθ pɔrts ˈɪnfrə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. rɪˈzəltɪŋ bəgz ər ɔl maɪn. meɪt ɪz ə sɔrt əv rɪˈpleɪsmənt fər noʊm 2 soʊ ˈpipəl ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ kip ə noʊm 2 laɪk ˈdɛskˌtɑp ʃʊd swɪʧ. noʊm 2 wɪl bi ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ noʊm 3 ɪn ðə nɪr fˈjuʧər. ðɪs swɪʧ wɪl bi əˈnaʊns wɪθ ə trænˈzɪʃən taɪm soʊ ˈpipəl hæv mɔr taɪm tɪ swɪʧ ɪf ðeɪ ˈhævənt ɔˈrɛdi. ðɪs riˈlis wɑz meɪd ˈpɑsəbəl baɪ ˈɛvriˌwən ðət sɛnd ˈfrɛndli poʊks tɪ kip meɪt ɔn maɪ maɪnd. əˈpruvd baɪ: (bapt*) ˈnəmbər əv kəˈmɪts faʊnd: 10
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port details mate "meta-port" for the mate integrated x11 desktop
1.20.3 x11 =3 maintainer: gnome@freebsd.org
port added: 2013-11-23 11:39:23
last update: 2018-11-05 14:36:31
svn revision: 484194
also listed in: mate
license: not specified in port
mate is a fork of gnome 2. it provides an intuitive and attractive desktop to users using traditional metaphors. -- where does the name come from? the name "mate" comes from yerba mate, a species of holly native to subtropical south america. its leaves contain caffeine and are used to make infusions and a beverage called mate. -- this metaport installs mate base (lite, a lean desktop) plus extras applications such as text editor, archiver manager and etc. if you do not want to have the bloats, please install x11/mate-base. www: http://www.freebsd.org/gnome/ svnweb : homepage : portsmon
there is no configure plist information for this port. dependency line: mate>0:x11/mate to install the port: cd /usr/ports/x11/mate/ && make install clean
to add the package: pkg install mate pkgname: mate there is no flavor information for this port. distinfo: there is no distinfo for this port. note: freshports displays only information on required and default dependencies. optional dependencies are not covered. runtime dependencies: mate-base>=1.8.0 : x11/mate-base mate-themes>=1.8.0 : x11-themes/mate-themes mate-icon-theme-faenza>=1.8.0 : x11-themes/mate-icon-theme-faenza mate-terminal : x11/mate-terminal mate-screensaver : x11/mate-screensaver mate-calc : math/mate-calc mate-screenshot : deskutils/mate-utils mate-system-monitor : sysutils/mate-system-monitor eom : graphics/eom engrampa : archivers/engrampa atril : graphics/atril mate-volume-control : audio/mate-media mate-power-manager : sysutils/mate-power-manager caja-sendto : deskutils/caja-extensions mozo : deskutils/mozo mate-applets>=1.8.0 : x11/mate-applets pluma.pc : editors/pluma there are no ports dependent upon this port
configuration options no options to configure uses: metaport mate pkg-message: ************************************************************************** congratulations! mate base has been successfully installed on your system. for help on starting it up, as well as answers to common questions, and some known issues, please see the freebsd gnome homepage at: http://www.freebsd.org/gnome/ ************************************************************************** master sites: there is no master site for this port.
number of commits found: 10 commit history - (may be incomplete: see svnweb link above for full details) date by description 05 nov 2018 14:36:31
1.20.3
ericbsd update x11/mate to 1.20.3 13 apr 2018 21:16:57
1.20.0
ericbsd updating mate ports to and patch for mate 1.20 reviewed by: kwm approved by: bapt (mentor) 04 jul 2017 11:44:30
1.18.0
kwm update the mate desktop to 1.18. * the mate de is now gtk+3 based * mate-calc has come back. * new use_mate=mixer macro * add license * review dependancies * swich to uses=localbase * atril/eom options reworked into option helper thanks to eric turgeon for submitting the bulk of this mate update. obtained from: gnome devel repo 01 apr 2016 14:33:58
1.12.0
mat remove ${portsdir}/ from dependencies, categories v, w, x, y, and z. with hat: portmgr sponsored by: absolight 25 jan 2016 12:31:21
1.12.0
kwm update the mate de to 1.12. * still build mate against gtk+ 2 due to gtk+ 3 support not ready for prime time. * fix loading of a number of applets. we rename a number of applets but didn't change the "config" files the "add applet to panel" dialog uses. [1] * unbreak the creation of new notes with the stickynotes applet [2] pr: 205391 [1], 200349 [2] obtained from: gnome devel repo 27 jul 2015 20:19:34
1.10.0
kwm update mate de to 1.10.0. this mate is still build agains gtk+2. sort uses here and there. replace mate-dialogs with zenity and mate-calc with galculator. this update fixes the following pr's: pr: 193942, 191885 submitted by: gustau perez <gustau.perez@gmail.com> via gnome devel repo obtained from: gnome devel repo. 28 mar 2015 15:21:24
1.8.1
bapt convert to uses=metaport 10 sep 2014 19:06:55
1.8.1
bapt commit meta port forgotten in mate 1.8 import 10 sep 2014 17:18:02
1.6.0
cperciva attempt #4 to unbreak index after mate desktop 1.8 import: chase renamed dependencies. 23 nov 2013 11:39:08
1.6.0
kwm say hello to mate 1.6. mate is a lite desktop forked from gnome2. most of the work is done by jeremy messenger (mezz@). the only thing i did was update a few ports to later 1.6 release and attempting to keep up with ports infra changes. resulting bugs are all mine. mate is a sort of replacement for gnome 2. so people wanting to keep a gnome 2 like desktop should switch. gnome 2 will be replaced by gnome 3 in the near future. this switch will be announce with a transition time so people have more time to switch if they haven't already. this release was made possible by everyone that send friendly pokes to keep mate on my mind. approved by: portmgr (bapt) number of commits found: 10
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ðiz wər ðə ərˈɪʤənəl səˌlɪsɪˈteɪʃən ˈditeɪlz fər ˈkætˌwʊmən 29 aʊt ɪn mɑrʧ. ˈrɪtən baɪ: æn ɑrt baɪ: ˈpætrɪk ˈkəvər baɪ: ˈreɪʧəl ˈdɑdsən, ˈtɛri ˈdɑdsən ˈkætˌwʊmən ɪz taɪərd əv ɪt, soʊ ˈmeɪkɪŋ hər bɪd fər haɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti. ðɛr, faɪnd hər ˈgreɪtəst ˈʧælənʤ jɛt: ˈpruvɪŋ hərˈsɛlf ðə bɛst θif ɪn ðə wərld! reɪs əv outlaws”*” stɑrts hir! wɛl, ðət əˈpɪrz tɪ hæv bɪn əˈmɛndɪd tɪ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ, ˈrɪtən baɪ ˈʃɑli fɪʃ, wɪθ ɑrt baɪ ˈpætrɪk ənd tɑm nuˈjɛn ənd ə ˈkəvər baɪ ˈtɛri ˈdɑdsən ənd ˈreɪʧəl ˈdɑdsən. ɪn ðɪs ˈstɔri, ˈkætˌwʊmən goʊz ˌəndərˈkəvər ˈviə ˈgɑθəm haɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti wɪn rɪˈkrutɪd tɪ ˈɪnfɪlˌtreɪt waynetech*! bət wət ər hu ɪz ˈlərkɪŋ wɪˈθɪn? so…*… wɪl ðɛr bi noʊ reɪs əv ˈaʊˌtlɔz æt ɔl? əˈbaʊt rɪʧ ˈʤɑnstən ʧif ˈraɪtər ənd ˈfaʊndər əv ˈblidɪŋ kul. ˈfɑðər əv tu. ˈkɑmɪk bʊk klɛrˈvɔɪənt. pəˈlɪtɪkəl kɑrˈtunəst. (læst ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd rɪˈleɪtɪd poʊsts nən faʊnd
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these were the original solicitation details for catwoman #29, out in march.
written by: ann nocenti art by: patrick olliffe cover by: rachel dodson, terry dodson catwoman is tired of slumming it, so she’s making her bid for high society. there, she’ll find her greatest challenge yet: proving herself the best thief in the world! “the race of outlaws” starts here!
well, that appears to have been amended to the following,
written by sholly fisch, with art by patrick olliffe and tom nguyen and a cover by terry dodson and rachel dodson. in this story, catwoman goes undercover via gotham city’s high society when she’s recruited to infiltrate waynetech! but what – or who – is lurking within?
so… will there be no race of outlaws at all?
about rich johnston chief writer and founder of bleeding cool. father of two. comic book clairvoyant. political cartoonist.
(last updated )
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steffon* ˈɑrmɪtɪʤ wən ðə læst əv hɪz faɪv ˈɪŋglənd kæps ɪn 2010 muv tɪ bæθ lʊks ənˈlaɪkli ˈæftər ðə kləbz feɪld tɪ əˈgri ə dil. ˈɑrmɪtɪʤ hæd ˈɛnərd dɪˈskəʃənz ˈoʊvər ə muv tɪ ðə prɛˈmɪrˌʃɪp kləb, wɪθ ə vju tɪ rɪˈgeɪnɪŋ hɪz ˈɪŋglənd pleɪs ɪn taɪm fər ðə 2015 wərld kəp. ðə 29-year-old*, hu həz wən faɪv kæps, wɪl nɑt bi pɪkt baɪ stɔrt ˈlæŋkəstər waɪl hi ɪz pleɪɪŋ ɪn fræns. bət bæθ koʊʧ maɪk fɔrd toʊld ˌbibiˈsi ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈbrɪstəl ðə ˈpɑrtiz hæd bɪn əˈneɪbəl tɪ riʧ ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl əˈgrimənt. "wi ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ənd ənd ðə dil wɑz ˈnɪrli dən," sɛd fɔrd. "wɪn ə pleɪər ɪz ˈkɑntræktəd æt əˈnəðər kləb ðɛrz ə lɔt əv ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃənz, ɪn tərmz əv ðə ˈtrænsfər ənd ðə ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. "wiv nɑt bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ du ɪt ənd ɪts ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪŋ bɪˈkəz hi wʊd hæv bɪn ə fænˈtæstɪk ˈsaɪnɪŋ fər ˈjuˈɛs. "hid wɔʧt ˈjuˈɛs ðɪs ˈsizən ənd nu hɪz staɪl əv ˈrəgbi wʊd hæv ˈfɪtɪd ɪn. ɪt wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ hæv bɪn fænˈtæstɪk fər ˈɪŋglənd, wɪθ ðə wərld kəp əraʊnd ðə ˈkɔrnər." ˈɑrmɪtɪʤ meɪd hɪz ˈɪŋglənd ˈdeɪbju ɪn 2009 bæθ ər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈkəvər ɪn ðɛr bæk roʊ, wɪθ frɑnsˈwɑ lu, mæt ˈgɑrvi, ənd kɑrl ˈsaɪˌdlaɪnd θru ˈɪnʤəri ənd ˈliˌrɔɪ ˈhjustən ˈfeɪsɪŋ ə pəˈtɛnʃəl səˈspɛnʃən ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ən ˈɪnsədənt ɪn ðə dɪˈfit baɪ wɑsps. fɔrd wɛnt ɔn tɪ seɪ ðət swɪʧ wʊd ˈdɛfənətli bi ɔf ɪf hi pleɪd fər ɪn ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈʧæmpiənz kəp ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd, ɛz hi wʊd ðɛn bi ˌənəˈveɪləbəl fər bæθ ɪn ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən. ðə saɪnd ə θˈriˌjɪr ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɪkˈstɛnʃən wɪθ ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈʧæmpiənz ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 2013 hi wən ðə læst əv hɪz ˈɪŋglənd kæps ɪn 2010 bət həz ɪkˈsɛld sɪns ˈmuvɪŋ tɪ ðə koʊt d'azur*, ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈrəgbi kəp pleɪər əv ðə jɪr əˈwɔrd ɪn 2014 ɛz kleɪmd ˈhaɪnəkən kəps. ˈspikɪŋ tɪ ˌbibiˈsi spɔrt ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, hɛd koʊʧ ˈbərnərd ləˈpɔrt sɛd ðɛr wɑz ə ril ʧæns əv ˈɑrmɪtɪʤ rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ˈɪŋglənd ɪf ɪt hɛlps hɪz wərld kəp ˈʧænsɪz. "hi həz ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt [wɪθ], bət ɪf ðə ˈɪŋglənd koʊʧ sɪz ɪf hi pleɪz fər bæθ ər fər ˈsɛrəsənz ðɛn hi wɪl pleɪ ɪn ðə wərld kəp, aɪ θɪŋk hi həz tɪ pleɪ fər ðiz kləbz," hi sɛd. bɪˈkəz əv hɪz ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɛkˌsaɪl ˈɪŋglənd ˈoʊnli pɪk pleɪərz ənˈlɛs ðɛr ər "ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz" ˈɑrmɪtɪʤ wɑz ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈjuzɪŋ oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˌɛlɪʤəˈbɪlɪti rulz tɪ pleɪ fər fræns. rulz ɔn sˈwɪʧɪŋ əˈliʤəns 2000 ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈrəgbi bɔrd əˈdɑpts ə rul ðət steɪts wəns ə pleɪər həz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd wən ˈkəntri æt ˈsinjər ˈlɛvəl, ðeɪ meɪ ˈnɛvər pleɪ fər əˈnəðər. 2014 ɛz pɑrt əv ˈsɛvənz' ˈɛntri tɪ ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪks ɪn 2016 ðə əˈdɑptəd ˌɛlɪʤəˈbɪlɪti rulz, wɪʧ min ðət ə ˈæθˌlit kən swɪʧ əˈliʤəns tɪ əˈnəðər ˈneɪʃən, prəˈvaɪdɪd ðeɪ hæv ə ˈpæˌspɔrt fər ðə ˈkəntri ðeɪ ər ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ məst ˈɔlsoʊ sərv ə ˈpɪriəd əv 18 mənθs, waɪl ɪn ˈrəgbi ˈjunjən ðɛr ɪz ən əˈdɪʃənəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənt ðət ðə pleɪər məst əˈpɪr ɪn æt list fɔr wərld ˈsɪriz ˈsɛvənz ɪˈvɛnts ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ʧeɪnʤ əv əˈliʤəns ɪz kəmˈplit. ðoʊz rulz, ˌɪntrəˈdust ðɪs ˈsəmər, min ðɛr ɪz naʊ ˈoʊnli ən ˈpɪriəd fər pleɪərz ˈwɪʃɪŋ tɪ swɪʧ ˈkəntriz, prəˈvaɪdɪd ðeɪ hæv ðə ˈrɛləvənt ˈpæˌspɔrt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈrəgbi bɔrd həz ˈklɛrəˌfaɪd ðət hi wʊd hæv tɪ kəmˈpit ɪn fɔr wərld ˈsɪriz ˈsɛvənz ˈtərnəmənts tɪ kˈwɑləˌfaɪ fər lɛs bleus*, ənd ɪt ɪz ˌəndərˈstʊd ˈɑrmɪtɪʤ həz naʊ ækˈsɛptɪd ðɪs meɪ nɑt bi ˈpɑsəbəl.
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steffon armitage won the last of his five england caps in 2010
toulon flanker steffon armitage's move to bath looks unlikely after the clubs failed to agree a deal.
armitage had entered discussions over a move to the premiership club, with a view to regaining his england place in time for the 2015 world cup.
the 29-year-old, who has won five caps, will not be picked by stuart lancaster while he is playing in france.
but bath coach mike ford told bbc radio bristol the parties had been unable to reach a financial agreement.
"we contacted steffon and toulon and the deal was nearly done," said ford.
"when a player is contracted at another club there's a lot of complications, in terms of the transfer and the finances involved.
"we've not been able to do it and it's disappointing because he would have been a fantastic signing for us.
"he'd watched us this season and knew his style of rugby would have fitted in. it would also have been fantastic for england, with the world cup around the corner."
armitage made his england debut in 2009
bath are looking for cover in their back row, with francois louw, matt garvey, alafoti fa'osiliva and carl fearns sidelined through injury and leroy houston facing a potential suspension following an incident in the defeat by wasps.
ford went on to say that armitage's switch would definitely be off if he played for toulon in the european champions cup this weekend, as he would then be unavailable for bath in the competition.
the back-rower signed a three-year contract extension with the european champions in november 2013.
he won the last of his england caps in 2010, but has excelled since moving to the cote d'azur, winning the european rugby cup player of the year award in 2014 as toulon claimed back-to-back heineken cups.
speaking to bbc sport on monday, toulon head coach bernard laporte said their was a real chance of armitage returning to england if it helps his world cup chances.
"he has a contract [with toulon], but if the england coach says if he plays for bath or for saracens then he will play in the world cup, i think he has to play for these clubs," he said.
because of his international exile - england only pick home-based players unless there are "exceptional circumstances" - armitage was exploring the possibility of using olympic eligibility rules to play for france.
rules on switching allegiance 2000 - the international rugby board adopts a rule that states once a player has represented one country at senior level, they may never play for another. 2014 - as part of sevens' entry to the olympics in 2016, the irb adopted ioc eligibility rules, which mean that a dual-qualified athlete can switch allegiance to another nation, provided they have a passport for the country they are changing to.they must also serve a stand-down period of 18 months, while in rugby union there is an additional requirement that the player must appear in at least four world series sevens events before the change of allegiance is complete.
those rules, introduced this summer, mean there is now only an 18-month stand-down period for players wishing to switch countries, provided they have the relevant passport.
however, the international rugby board has clarified that he would have to compete in four world series sevens tournaments to qualify for les bleus, and it is understood armitage has now accepted this may not be possible.
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ə lɔt həz ʧeɪnʤd ˈoʊvər ə jɪr. ˈmuvɪŋ aʊt tɪ lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs həz bɪn ə ˈhəmbəlɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns. pərˈhæps ɪt wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz mɛnt tɪ bi ðɪs weɪ. æt ðə ˈtɛndər eɪʤ əv 31 aɪ æm dip ɪn ðə θroʊz əv ə kwaɪət, ˌɛgˌzɪˈstɛnʃəl ˈkraɪsəs. ˈaʊtwərdli, ˌoʊˈkeɪ. aɪ goʊ ˈɪntu wərk ˈɛvəri deɪ, ˈmænɪʤ strɛs frəm ˈprɑʤɛkts, ənd kəm hoʊm tɪ ə ˈləgʒəri glæs ənd stil əˈpɑrtmənt skˈwɛrli ˈsɪʧuˌeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ˌkɔˈriəˌtaʊn. ə ˈjumən ˈrisɔrsɪz ˈmænɪʤər æt ə bɪg ˈkəmpəˌni ˈdɛfənətli hərd əv, ənd waɪl ðə wərk meɪ nɑt bi ˈsɛksi ər ˌhaɪˈpaʊərd, ɪt peɪz ðə bɪlz ənd əˈlaʊz mi tɪ lɪv ɪn ə ˈmɑdɪkəm əv ˈkəmfərt (ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈprɑbəˌbli bi ˈmuvɪŋ sun, ɛz ðə rɛnt nɪr ðə ˈsɪti ɪz ʤɪst weɪ tu dæm haɪ). ˈɔlˌweɪz fɛlt ə ˈlɪtəl ˈeɪliəˌneɪtɪd frəm ˈəðərz. nɑt ðət nɑt ˈsoʊʃəl ər ˈaʊtˌgoʊɪŋ əˈpɑn ˈɛgzɪtɪŋ maɪ 20s*, aɪ lɔst ə lɔt əv maɪ ˈsoʊʃəl ˌɪnəˈbɪʃənz ənd ˈpərsɪnəl ˈɔkwərdnəs. maɪ ˈkɑnʃəsnəs noʊ ˈlɔŋgər traɪz tu hɑrd tɪ ˈprɑʤɛkt wət ˈəðərz ər ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əv mi ɪkˈspɪriəns həz tɔt mi ðət moʊst ˈpipəl ˈbɛrli peɪ əˈtɛnʃən, ənd ˌbiˈsaɪdz, hu kɛrz wət ðeɪ θɪŋk? pərˈhæps ðɪs ɪz ə ˈbaɪprɑdəkt əv groʊɪŋ əp ɪn ðə ˌmɪdˈwɛst, wɛr ðə nɔrm tɪ ˈkæʒəwəli ʧæt əp foʊks ɪn ˈdaɪnərz ənd gæs ˈsteɪʃənz ənd pɑrk ˈbɛnʧɪz, nɑt ʃʊr. ɪn ˈɛni keɪs, ˈnɛvər hæd ˈɛni ˈɪʃuz ˈstraɪkɪŋ əp ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɪθ ˈstreɪnʤərz. ðə ˌeɪliəˈneɪʃən tɛndz tɪ floʊ frəm ðə weɪ aɪ pərˈsiv ðə wərld. ˈnɑlɪʤ ɪz ə ˈblɛsɪŋ, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈbərdən. lərn ə bɪt tu məʧ əˈbaʊt ˈjumən biɪŋz ənd ðə wərld, ənd ɪt bɪˈkəmz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ˈfʊli ɪn ðət smɔl, ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtɛsɪməl ˈfrækʃən əv ɪt θru wɪʧ wi swɪm ɪn ɑr ˈdeɪli lɪvz. moʊst ˈpipəl ər ˈsɛntərd ɔn wət ðeɪ ɪnˈkaʊnər ɔn ən ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈbeɪsɪs, ənd hæv dɪˈvɛləpt ə ˈhaɪli səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ənd ˈnʊˌroʊnəlz məˈʃinəri tɪ ˈnævəˌgeɪt ɪt, wɪθ world”*” biɪŋ səm sɔrt əv veɪg ənd ˈheɪzi ˈkɑnsɛpt ˈfloʊtɪŋ əraʊnd ɪn ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd, fɪld ɪn wɪθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm ˈhæfˌbeɪkt kəˈmərʃəlz, ˈɑrtɪkəlz, ənd ˈænɪkˌdoʊts frəm kloʊz riˈleɪʃənz ənd ˈrændəm ˈɪntərˌloʊpərz ɪn ðɛr laɪf. fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, ˌɔlˈðoʊ aɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns ðə wərld ɪn ən ˌɪˈmiˌdiət weɪ (ɛz ˈgɔtən ˈoʊldər, maɪ ˈnɪrli ɛz ɛz ɪt wəns wɑz), ˈɔfən hɑrd tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ wɪθ ɪt bɪˈkəz aɪ fil laɪk ə pərʧ traɪɪŋ tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt wɪθ fɪʃ. ˈhævɪŋ bɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ əv ə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈbətərˌflaɪ ɪn maɪ juθ, ˈwɪtnəst ənd ˌɪnərˈæktəd wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt taɪps əv ˈpipəl, frəm ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt wɔks əv laɪf, ɪn ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt ˈkəntriz, ənd ɪt meɪks ɪt hɑrd tɪ in”*”, soʊ tɪ spik, ˈɪntu ðə ˈʃæloʊ ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪkəl ˌriˈæləˌti əv ˈɛni ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr bænd əv kɪn ənd klænz foʊk wɪʧ ɪz ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən əv ˈɛni fˈjuʧər riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp. leɪərd ɔn tɔp əv ðət ɪz ðə ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl ˌdɪsəˈluʃən əv ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd bɑndz ənd jəŋ ˈædəlt ˈfrɛndʃɪps ðət tɛndz tɪ ˈhæpən tɪ ɔl mɛn əv maɪ eɪʤ, əˈspɛʃəli ɛz ˈfɔrmər ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈbədiz ˈsɛtəl daʊn ənd bɛst frɛndz gɪt ˈmɛrid, ənd ju hæv ə ˈrɛsəpi fər ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt, taɪp əv bluz. ˈspikɪŋ əv ðə bluz, ʤɪst ˈgɔtən aʊt əv ə year-long(ish*) riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, ənd dɪˈprɛst. maɪ ɛks keɪm ˈoʊvər fər wən læst ˈwiˌkɪnd ˈæftər ˈbreɪkɪŋ əp wɪθ mi. wi hæv ə gʊd taɪm, wi fək fˈjʊriəsli ənd stɪl moʊn ləv you”*” ənd ““saranghae”*” tɪ iʧ ˈəðər waɪl ˈtæŋgəld əp ɪn bɛd ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd. ʃi ˈwɪspərz ɪn maɪ ɪr ləv jʊr cock”*” waɪl ˈbriðɪŋ hɑt ˈɪntu maɪ ɪr. ˈjəŋgər ðən mi baɪ 7 jɪrz, ənd ɑr sɛks laɪf wɑz greɪt ʃi wɑz jəŋ ənd ˌɪnɛkˈspɪriənst wɪn aɪ mɛt hər, bət ˈwɪlɪŋ ənd ˈigər tɪ traɪ nu θɪŋz, ənd aɪ hæd hɛlpt hər gɪt aʊt əv hər ʃɛl ɪn ðə ˈbɛˌdrum (həˈreɪ fər roʊp ənd tɔɪz!). ɑr taɪm təˈgɛðər wɑz hæf ˈdeɪˌdrim, hæf ˈnaɪtˌmɛr nɑt bɪˈkəz əv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ rɔŋ ɔn hər pɑrt, bət bɪˈkəz ˈərli ɪn 2017 wɪθ ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən əv ə ˈwɑnəˌbi ˈfæʃɪst ˈməðərˌfəkər ˈɪntu ˈɔfəs, aɪ hæd lɔst maɪ ˈmɑrbəlz. aɪ hæd tɪ teɪk taɪm ɔf wərk tɪ dil wɪθ ðə strɛs ənd æŋˈzaɪəti ənd ðə ˈoʊvərˌhæŋɪŋ ˈfilɪŋ əv ˌɪmˈpɛndɪŋ dum, ənd ˈsəfərd ə ˈnərvəs ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn ðət hæd mi ˈlæʃɪŋ aʊt æt hər ənd maɪ kloʊz frɛndz, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈkɔstɪŋ mi maɪ ʤɑb. ðə ˈɪnsədənt lɛft ˈlæstɪŋ skɑrz ɔn ə ˈtɛndər riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, ənd ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd wət ˈvɛri wɛl maɪt hæv bɪn ðə ləv əv maɪ laɪf. ənˈlaɪk maɪ ˈpriviəs riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, wɪʧ hæd ˈlæstɪd 9 jɪrz ɔn ənd ɔf, wɪθ ˌpɪriˈɑdɪk ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz əv ˈfərtɪv ˌɪnfɪˈdɛlɪti ənd ˈmɛtəl bænd ˈskrimɪŋ, ɑrz wɑz məʧ mɔr ˈtræŋkwɪl ənd ˈiziˈgoʊɪŋ. ʃi wɑz bət ædˈvɛnʧərəs, jɛt kind-hearted*, wɪθ ə dæʃ əv ʤɪst ɪˈnəf tɪ meɪk hər ˈʧɑrmɪŋ, ənd spɑrks əv ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˌkjʊriˈɑsəti ðət meɪd ˈkæʒəwəl ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz ə ʤɔɪ, əˈspɛʃəli wɪθ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf biɪŋ ən ˈoʊldər meɪl ˈfɪgjər (ʃi juzd tɪ kɔl mi ““oppa”*” ˌbiˈfɔr ʃi ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈsɛtəld fər ““baby”*” ɛz hər tərm əv ɪnˈdɪrmənt). ɑr læst ˈwiˌkɪnd təˈgɛðər wɑz fʊl əv ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz əraʊnd ðə fˈjuʧər, ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈmætərz (ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd ɪkˈspɛnsɪz ənd ə kɑr ˈæksədənt hæd rɛkt maɪ ædˈmɪtɪdli ɔˈrɛdi hæˈphæzərd ˈbəʤɪt), ˈitɪŋ aʊt, ənd ˈrændəm ˈɪntərˌludz əv sɛks. ˈɔlsoʊ, tɪrz. tɪrz ɔn hər saɪd, ʧoʊkt bæk ɔn maɪ saɪd, əˈspɛʃəli wɪn boʊθ əv ˈjuˈɛs hæd ˈgɔtən dip ˈɪntu ðə ˈjoʊgərt ər ðə ˈbɑtəl əv wi hæd bɔt frəm tɪ wɔʧ blæk ˈmɪrər ˈoʊvər. aɪ bɛgd hər tɪ steɪ θruaʊt ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd, ˈhævɪŋ ˈfɑlən dip ˈɪntu ˌrɛməˈnɪsɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə pæst, əˈspɛʃəli ˈæftər ə fju hɪts frəm ðə bɑŋ ˈflədɪd maɪ breɪn wɪθ ɔl sɔrts əv gloʊɪŋ ˈmɛməriz əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈərli deɪz ˈraɪdɪŋ ðə ˈfɛri ɪn ˌsɔsəˈlitoʊ ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ləv ɪn hər əˈpɑrtmənt ˈæftər ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈprɪti ˈoʊvər ˈkɑkˌteɪlz æt ðə vju. aɪ tɛl hər ʃi seɪvd maɪ laɪf, wɪʧ maɪt bi ˌmɛlədrəˈmætɪk, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈprɪti ˈækjərət ˌriˈkaʊntɪŋ əv maɪ taɪm ɪn ˌsɪnsəˈnæti (ðə ˈstrəgəl ɪz ril!) wɛr aɪ wɑz sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˈhɑstəl ˈstreɪnʤərz ɪn ə ˈdipli ˈreɪsɪst ˈsɪti wɪθ ˈlɪtəl tɪ nən əv maɪ oʊn ˈpipəl tɪ riʧ aʊt tɪ ɪn ðə ˈæftərˌmæθ əv maɪ ˈpriviəs ˈbreɪˌkəp. hæd aɪ nɑt ˈlændɪd ðɪs ʤɑb ənd ˈgɔtən ðə fək aʊt əv ðɛr, aɪ kʊd ˈvɛri wɛl hæv ˈɛndɪd əp dɛd ər ɪn ʤeɪl. ʃi bæts əˈweɪ maɪ ɛnˈtritiz ˈdɛləkətli ənd ˈskɪlfəli, wɪʧ ˈoʊnli meɪks mi ləv ənd əˈpriʃiˌeɪt hər prɪˈkoʊʃəs məˈʧʊrəti ˈivɪn mɔr. ʃi ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli gərl aɪ hæv ˈɛvər pʊt daʊn maɪ ˈigoʊ fər ɪn ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ənd æst bæk aɪ ˈɔfən ˈivɪn ˌɛnərˈteɪn ðə θɔt əv ˈgɪtɪŋ bæk wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən ɪn maɪ juθ ənˈlɛs ðeɪ bɛgd mi ɔn ðɛr niz. ðɪs ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə fərst taɪm aɪ hæv ˈɛvər bɪn ˈbroʊkən əp wɪθ, ənd waɪl aɪ əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðə laɪf ɪkˈspɪriəns, ˈɔlsoʊ æt maɪ wits’*’ ɛnd, nɑt noʊɪŋ wət tɪ seɪ ər haʊ tɪ bɪˈheɪv. ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli paɪnd fər ˈɛniˌwən ˌbiˈfɔr, ə nu ɪkˈspɪriəns, ənd ˈheɪtɪŋ ɪt, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtɛlɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ɪz wərθ ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər ʃi tɛlz mi hæv tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɪt. ðə rɛst əv maɪ laɪf simz tɪ bi ɪn ə streɪnʤ fɔrm əv stasis*. aɪ æm ˈgræʤuəli ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ tərmz wɪθ ðə fækt ðət ðə laɪf ˈprɑʤɛkt aɪ hæd sɛt aʊt fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə ˈdɛkeɪd əˈgoʊ tɪ tɪ ðə top”*” (ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə fək ðət minz) ɪz ˈmoʊstli ə ˈfleɪmɪŋ rɛk wɪθ ðə prəˈpɛlərz stɪl ˈspɪnɪŋ. ˈhævɪŋ ˈstrəgəld maɪ weɪ θru ˈbɛrli ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ ˈkɑlɪʤ, aɪ hæd ˈmænɪʤd tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul fər riˈleɪʃənz ɔn ðə strɛŋθ əv maɪ gre*, wɛr aɪ fərst wɑz ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ mɑrks baɪ ə prəˈfɛsər hu ˈklɪrli paɪnd fər ðə ˈheɪˌdeɪ əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈleɪbər ˈmuvmənt (maɪ ˈveɪgɪst ˈmɛməriz əv ðɪs ˈbaɪˌgɔn ˈɪrə biɪŋ səm dɛd dud neɪmd ˈʤɪmi ˈhɔfə). ðət hæd lɛd tɪ ə gɪg aʊt ɪn oʊˈhaɪoʊ, wɛr aɪ hoʊpt tɪ ˈleɪbər fər ə ˈkəpəl jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈʤɛtɪŋ ɔf tɪ ə tɔp 10 ənd wɔl strit oʊˈeɪsɪs ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ˈfænəsiz əv ˈgreɪtnəs ɪn ðə wərld əv ˈstrætəʤi kənˈsəltɪŋ, ər pərˈhæps ˈpraɪvət ˈɛkwəti. əv kɔrs, ɑdz wər stækt əˈgɛnst mi, ɛz aɪ ðə sən əv ˈʧɑrəlz si. iii*, ənd boʊθ maɪ skɪn ˈkələr (ənd ʤɛnəˈtɑljə) wər blæk mɑrks əˈgɛnst mi ɪn ən əˈmɛrɪkən soʊˈsaɪɪti stɪl ɪkˈsidɪŋli ənˈkəmfərtəbəl wɪθ ˈeɪʒən meɪl ˌhɛtəroʊˌsɛkʃuˈælɪti, bət heɪ, ə wɪz kɪd ˈskeɪtɪd baɪ hɪz hoʊl laɪf ɔn hɪz kəmˈplitli əˈnərnd ˈɪnəˌlɛkt kən drim, raɪt? naʊ, ɪn ðə ˈərli ˌæftərˈnun steɪʤ əv maɪ laɪf, ðoʊz drimz ər gɔn, ˈhævɪŋ ɪˈvæpərˌeɪtɪd laɪk ˈnaɪtli ˈæftər ə ˈkəpəl ˈɪntərvˌjuz æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ənd ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɪʃɪgən wɪʧ wɛnt ˈnoʊˌwɛr, ənd ə stæk əv rɪˈʤɛkʃən ˈlɛtərz ðət wər ˈoʊnli mæʧt baɪ ə stæk əv ˈmaʊntɪŋ bɪlz. traɪɪŋ tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd wət tɪ du nɛkst, bət ˈleɪtli faɪnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf goʊɪŋ θru oʊld ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈælbəmz əv maɪ fərst jɪr hir ɪn lɑ wɪθ ðə ˈmɛlənˌkɑli eɪk əv nɔˈstælʤə.
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a lot has changed over a year. moving out to los angeles has been a humbling experience. perhaps it was always meant to be this way. at the tender age of 31, i am deep in the throes of a quiet, existential crisis.
outwardly, i’m okay. i go into work every day, manage stress from projects, and come home to a luxury glass and steel apartment squarely situated in the middle of koreatown. i’m a human resources manager at a big company you’ve definitely heard of, and while the work may not be sexy or high-powered, it pays the bills and allows me to live in a modicum of comfort (although i’ll probably be moving soon, as the rent near the city is just way too damn high).
i’ve always felt a little alienated from others. it’s not that i’m not social or outgoing — upon exiting my 20s, i lost a lot of my social inhibitions and personal awkwardness. my consciousness no longer tries too hard to project what others are thinking of me — experience has taught me that most people barely pay attention, and besides, who cares what they think? perhaps this is a byproduct of growing up in the midwest, where it’s the norm to casually chat up folks in diners and gas stations and park benches, i’m not sure. in any case, i’ve never had any issues striking up a conversation with strangers.
the alienation tends to flow from the way i perceive the world. knowledge is a blessing, but also a burden. learn a bit too much about human beings and the world, and it becomes difficult to engage fully in that small, infinitesimal fraction of it through which we swim in our daily lives. most people are centered on what they encounter on an immediate basis, and have developed a highly sophisticated emotional and neuronal machinery to navigate it, with “the world” being some sort of vague and hazy concept floating around in the background, filled in with information from half-baked commercials, half-read articles, and half-heard anecdotes from close relations and random interlopers in their life.
for myself, although i experience the world in an immediate way (as i’ve gotten older, my ego-consciousness isn’t nearly as self-absorbed as it once was), it’s often hard to engage with it because i feel like a perch trying to communicate with koi fish. having been something of a social butterfly in my youth, i’ve witnessed and interacted with many different types of people, from many different walks of life, in many different countries, and it makes it hard to “buy in”, so to speak, into the shallow metaphysical reality of any particular band of kin and clans folk which is the foundation of any future relationship. layered on top of that is the inevitable dissolution of childhood bonds and young adult friendships that tends to happen to all men of my age, especially as former drinking buddies settle down and best friends get married, and you have a recipe for a permanent, soul-scavenging type of blues.
speaking of the blues, i’ve just gotten out of a year-long(ish) relationship, and i’m depressed. my ex came over for one last weekend after breaking up with me. we have a good time, we fuck furiously and still moan “i love you” and “saranghae” to each other while tangled up in bed over the weekend. she whispers in my ear “i love your cock” while breathing hot into my ear. she’s younger than me by 7 years, and our sex life was great — she was young and inexperienced when i met her, but willing and eager to try new things, and i had helped her get out of her shell in the bedroom (hurray for rope and toys!).
our time together was half daydream, half nightmare — not because of anything wrong on her part, but because early in 2017, with the election of a wannabe fascist motherfucker into office, i had lost my marbles. i had to take time off work to deal with the stress and anxiety and the overhanging feeling of impending doom, and suffered a nervous breakdown that had me lashing out at her and my close friends, not to mention almost costing me my job. the incident left lasting scars on a tender relationship, and devastated what very well might have been the love of my life. unlike my previous relationship, which had lasted 9 years on and off, with periodic episodes of furtive infidelity and metal band screaming, ours was much more tranquil and easygoing. she was soft-spoken but adventurous, strong-willed yet kind-hearted, with a dash of just enough egocentricity to make her charming, and sparks of intellectual curiosity that made casual conversations a joy, especially with myself being an older male figure (she used to call me “oppa” before she eventually settled for “baby” as her go-to term of endearment).
our last weekend together was full of conversations around the future, financial matters (unexpected expenses and a car accident mid-year had wrecked my admittedly already haphazard budget), eating out, and random interludes of sex. also, tears. tears on her side, choked back on my side, especially when both of us had gotten deep into the yogurt soju or the bottle of prosecco we had bought from ralph’s to watch black mirror over. i begged her to stay throughout the weekend, having fallen deep into reminiscing about the past, especially after a few hits from the bong flooded my brain with all sorts of glowing memories about our early days riding the ferry in sausalito and making love in her aunt’s apartment after sitting pretty over cocktails at the view. i tell her she saved my life, which might be melodramatic, but also a pretty accurate recounting of my time in cincinnati (the struggle is real!) where i was surrounded by hostile strangers in a deeply racist city with little to none of my own people to reach out to in the aftermath of my previous breakup. had i not landed this job and gotten the fuck out of there, i could very well have ended up dead or in jail.
she bats away my entreaties delicately and skillfully, which only makes me love and appreciate her precocious maturity even more. she is the only girl i have ever put down my ego for in a relationship and asked back — i often wouldn’t even entertain the thought of getting back with someone in my youth unless they begged me on their knees. this is also the first time i have ever been broken up with, and while i appreciate the life experience, i’m also at my wits’ end, not knowing what to say or how to behave. i’ve never really pined for anyone before, it’s a new experience, and i’m hating it, but i’m also telling myself the relationship is worth fighting for — she tells me she’ll have to think about it.
the rest of my life seems to be in a strange form of stasis. i am gradually coming to terms with the fact that the life project i had set out for myself almost a decade ago to “get to the top” (whatever the fuck that means) is mostly a flaming wreck with the propellers still spinning. having struggled my way through barely finishing college, i had managed to get into graduate school for labor-industrial relations on the strength of my gre, where i first was exposed to marx by a professor who clearly pined for the heyday of the us labor movement (my vaguest memories of this bygone era being some dead dude named jimmy hoffa). that had led to a gig out in ohio, where i hoped to labor for a couple years before jetting off to a top 10 b-school and wall street oasis inspired fantasies of greatness in the world of strategy consulting, or perhaps private equity. of course, odds were stacked against me, as i wasn’t the son of charles c. oldmoney iii, and both my skin color (and genitalia) were black marks against me in an american society still exceedingly uncomfortable with asian male heterosexuality, but hey, a 20-something whiz kid who’s skated by his whole life on his completely unearned intellect can dream, right?
now, in the early afternoon stage of my life, those dreams are gone, having evaporated like nightly phantasms after a couple interviews at the university of chicago and university of michigan which went nowhere, and a stack of rejection letters that were only matched by a stack of mounting bills. i’m trying to decide what to do next, but lately find myself going through old photo albums of my first year here in la with the melancholy ache of nostalgia.
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gr8* ˈsɪstəm ɪf ju wɔnt ɪt fər ɪkˈsklusɪvz, bət ˈizi tɪ du goʊ ˌɪnˈstɛd ɪts ə greɪt ˈsɪstəm tɪ hæv fər ðə ɪkˈsklusɪv geɪmz laɪk ˈfɔrzə 5 ənd ˈkɪlər ˈɪnstɪŋkt, wɪʧ ɪz ðə ˈrizən aɪ bɔt ɪt! ɪts kwaɪt ˈjuzər ˈfrɛndli, ˌɔlˈðoʊ nɑt ɛz məʧ soʊ ɛz ðə ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪts *məʧ ˈiziər tɪ ˈnævəˌgeɪt ənd juz ðən ðə ˈpriviəs ʤɛn meɪks ðət ˈsɪstəm rɪˈtɑrdɪd hɑrd tɪ juz. kənˈtroʊlz fil greɪt ənd ər ˈkəmfərtəbəl, bət ðə 360 rɪˈmoʊt ɪz ˈbɛtər ˈoʊvərˌɔl. ˈtrɪgərz ər ˈɛksələnt, bət ðə ˈʃoʊldər ˈbətənz traɪ tu hɑrd tɪ bi ˈfænsi ənd jʊr geɪm pleɪ ˈsəfərz bɪˈkəz əv ðɪs, ˈʤɛnərəli ˈoʊnli wɪn pleɪɪŋ ˈfaɪtɪŋ geɪmz, ðət ɪz. ɪf jʊr ˈpæʃən ɪz ˈgeɪmɪŋ, aɪ wʊd hæv tɪ seɪ ðə ɪz nɑt fər ju. ˈsoʊniz ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən həz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈkɛrid ðə ˈgreɪtəst geɪm səˈlɛkʃən əv ˈɛni ˈkɑnsoʊl θruaʊt ðə pæst ˈnɪrli tu ˈdɛkeɪdz əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd nɪnˈtɛndoʊ. nɑt tɪ seɪ ðɪs ˈkɑnsoʊl ˈɪzənt greɪt fər ˈgeɪmɪŋ aɪ faɪnd ɪt ðə moʊst ˌɛnˈʤɔɪəbəl wɪθ ˈʃutərz ənd ˈreɪsərz! ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪf ju hæv ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˈməni, ɪts ˈbɛtər spɛnt ɔn ðə ˈsɪstəm wɪθ ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈlaɪbrɛˌri əv ˈɛksələnt geɪmz. ˈɔlsoʊ, jʊr nɑt fɔrst tɪ spɛnd ən ˈɛkstrə 100 ʤɪst ɔn ðə ˈkæmərə (kinect*) ðət ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft fɔrst pleɪərz tɪ fɔrk aʊt ðət ˈɛkstrə kæʃ təˈwɔrd ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪt frəm ˈkɑnsoʊl fʊl ˌrivˈju
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gr8 system if u want it for exclusives, but easy to do w/o & go ps4 instead
it's a great system to have for the exclusive games like forza 5 and killer instinct, which is the reason i bought it! it's quite user friendly, although not as much so as the ps4; however, it's *much easier to navigate and use than the previous gen x360... xone makes that system retarded hard to use. controls feel great and joysticks are comfortable, but the 360 remote is better overall. xone's triggers are excellent, but the shoulder buttons try too hard to be fancy and your game play suffers because of this, generally only when playing fighting games, that is. if your passion is gaming, i would have to say the xone is not for you. sony's playstation has always carried the greatest game selection of any console throughout the past nearly two decades alongside nintendo. not to say this console isn't great for gaming -- i find it the most enjoyable with shooters and racers! however, if you have this kind of money, it's better spent on the system with a larger library of excellent games. also, you're not forced to spend an extra $100 just on the camera (kinect) that microsoft forced players to fork out that extra cash toward instead of separating it from console purchase.read full review
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ˈrɪʧərd ˈædəmz, ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈnɑvələst hu bɪˈkeɪm wən əv ðə ˈɔθərz wɪθ hɪz fərst bʊk, down,”*,” ə teɪl əv ˈræbəts huz ædˈvɛnʧərz ɪn ə ˈpæstərəl rɛlm əv ˈɛpɪk ˈpɛrəlz ɪkˈsplɔrd hoʊˈmɛrɪk θimz əv ˈɛkˌsaɪl, kərɪʤ ənd sərˈvaɪvəl, daɪd ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. hi wɑz 96 hɪz ˈdɔtər kənˈfərmd hɪz dɛθ, ðə ˌbibiˈsi ənd ˈəðər ˈbrɪtɪʃ nuz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ˌriˈpɔrtəd. noʊ ˈəðər ˈditeɪlz wər ˈgɪvɪn. fər məʧ əv hɪz laɪf, ˈmɪstər. ˈædəmz wɑz ən əˈnɑnəməs ˈsɪvəl ˈsərvənt ɪn ˈləndən hu roʊt ˈgəvərnmənt rɪˈpɔrts ɔn ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. bət hi wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ən ənˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ˈfɪkʃən, ən ˈæməˌʧər ˈnæʧərələst ənd ə ˈfɑðər hu meɪd əp ˈræbɪt ˈstɔriz tɪ ˌɛnərˈteɪn hɪz tu jəŋ ˈdɔtərz ɔn lɔŋ draɪvz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. wɪn hi wɑz 50 æt ðɛr ˈərʤɪŋ, hi bɪˈgæn ˈtərnɪŋ hɪz ˈstɔriz ˈɪntu ə bʊk ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd fər ˈʤuvəˌnaɪlz ənd jəŋ ˈædəlts, ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈæftər wərk ənd ɪn ðə ˈivnɪŋz. ɪt tʊk tu jɪrz. sɛt ɪn ðə ˈbərkˌʃaɪr daʊnz, wɛr hi hæd groʊn əp, ə kwaɪət ˈlænˌskeɪp əv ˈgræsi hɪlz, fɑrm fildz, strimz ənd ˈwʊˌdlændz wɛst əv ˈləndən, down”*” wɑz ə ˈklæsɪk jɑrn əv ˌdɪˈskəvri ənd ˈstrəgəl.
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richard adams, the british novelist who became one of the world’s best-selling authors with his first book, “watership down,” a tale of rabbits whose adventures in a pastoral realm of epic perils explored homeric themes of exile, courage and survival, died on saturday. he was 96.
his daughter confirmed his death, the bbc and other british news organizations reported. no other details were given.
for much of his life, mr. adams was an anonymous civil servant in london who wrote government reports on the environment. but he was also an unpublished dabbler in fiction, an amateur naturalist and a father who made up rabbit stories to entertain his two young daughters on long drives in the country.
when he was 50, at their urging, he began turning his stories into a book intended for juveniles and young adults, writing after work and in the evenings. it took two years. set in the berkshire downs, where he had grown up, a quiet landscape of grassy hills, farm fields, streams and woodlands west of london, “watership down” was a classic yarn of discovery and struggle.
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ˈfɛmənɪst ˈstɔlwərt ˈvərsəz ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈaɪkɑn: ɪt meɪ saʊnd laɪk ə wɔrpt nu ˈkɑmɪk strɪp, bət ˈrɪli ðə fərst ˌɪnˈstɔlmənt ɪn wət kʊd bi ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈvɛri ril ˈkɑnflɪkts bɪtˈwin ˈwɔrɪŋ ˈplɪtɪkli kərˈɛkt ˈfækʃənz. ʒərˈmeɪn grɪr, ðə ˈɔθər əv ˈfiˌmeɪl eunich,”*,” ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ weɪvz baɪ læmˈbeɪstɪŋ ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ˈʤɛnər meɪ bi ˈɑnərd baɪ ˈglæmər ˈmægəˌzin ɛz əv ðə year.”*.” ˈʤɛnər ə ˈwʊmən, sɪz grɪr. ʤɪst ənd ˈsikɪŋ tɪ stil ðə ˈlaɪmˌlaɪt frəm ðə ˈwɪmən ɪn ðə ˈkɑdəˌʃeɪn ˈfæməli. hi ˈæˌkʧuəli hæd tɪ ɪnˈdʊr wət ˈfɛmənɪsts dɪˈpɪkt ɛz ðə tru ˈhɔrərz əv ˈwʊmənˌhʊd, səʧ ɛz biɪŋ kərst wɪθ wət grɪr ˈdɛləkətli ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzəz ɛz ə ““big*, ˈhɛri, sˈmɛli vagina.”*.” wɪn toʊld ðət səʧ ˈkɑmɛnts ər ˈhərtfəl tɪ ðə ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər kəmˈjunɪti, grɪr ˈdəbəld daʊn. biɪŋ ən oʊld ˈwʊmən. fər ˈgʊdnɪs seɪk, ˈpipəl gɪt hərt ɔl ðə taɪm, nɑt əˈbaʊt tɪ wɔk ɔn eggshells.”*.” ðoʊz hu hæv lɔŋ wɔkt ɔn ˈɛgˌʃɛlz traɪɪŋ nɑt tɪ əˈfɛnd ˈfɛmənɪst ˈsɪstərz ʃʊd fil fri tɪ læf. fər ˈdɛkeɪdz, ˈfɛmənɪsts hæv ˈskɪlfəli ˈwildɪd ðɛr ˈvɪktəmˌhʊd ˈstætəs ɛz ə ˈwɛpən, drɔɪŋ ɪt ənd ˈstraɪkɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ˈfɪgjərz hu feɪl tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðɛr əbˈskjʊr, bət ˈstrɪktli ɛnˈfɔrst, rulz. juz ðə wərd ““bossy,”*,” ““silly,”*,” ““hysterical,”*,” ““shrill,”*,” ˈmɛnʃən ðət ˈwɪmən bɛr ˈʧɪldrən ər feɪl tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðət ˈwɪmən bɛr ˈʧɪldrən ənd ju maɪt feɪs ðə ræθ əv ðə ˈpiˈsi ˈfɛmənɪst pəˈlis. naʊ ðɛr ˈtæktɪks ər biɪŋ tərnd ɔn wən əv ðɛr oʊn. ˈkæmpəs ˈfɛmənɪsts sik tɪ stɑmp aʊt dɪˈvərsɪti; bɪn ˈlidərz ɪn hərˈæsɪŋ ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ˈɪntu rɪˈsɪndɪŋ ˈspikɪŋ ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃənz ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðoʊz hu səˈfɪʃəntli toʊ ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl laɪn. ˈfɔrmər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt raɪs, ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑnəˌtɛri krɪˈstin lɑˈgɑrdi, ˈæktɪvɪst ˈɑli ənd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɛnərˌpraɪz krɪˈstinə hɔf ˈsəmərz ər ʤɪst ə fju hu hæv bɪn səkˈsɛsfəli ˌdɪˌsɪnˈvaɪtɪd frəm ˌjunəˈvərsəti gɪgz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ feɪld ðə campus’*’ tɛst. naʊ ðə ˈtərgət fər ðiz ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈsɛnsərz, ɛz ˈkɑrdɪf ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪz biɪŋ pəˈtɪʃənd tɪ æks hər ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈlɛkʧər ðɛr, paʊər: ðə ˈlɛsənz əv ðə century.”*.” ənd ˈfɛmənɪsts səˈpɔrt ðə ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp. ɛz wɛlʧ roʊt: ɪt ˈɔfən ðə weɪ? ju faɪt jʊr weɪ frəm ðə ˈtrɛnʧɪz tɪ ðə θroʊn, ˈoʊvərθˌroʊ ðə kərəpt rəˈʒim ənd sɛt əˈbaʊt ˈriˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə wərld ɪn jʊr oʊn ˈɪmɪʤ, ˈoʊnli tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ju hæv bɪˈkəm ðə θɪŋ ju moʊst despised.”*.” gɔn frəm tɪ oppressor,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ˌənsərˈpraɪzɪŋli, grɪr siz ˈsɛksɪzəm æt ðə rut əv ðə ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən əv ˈʤɛnər: θɪŋk ˈmɪzəʤɪni pleɪz ə ˈrɪli bɪg pɑrt ɪn ɔl əv ðɪs, ðət ə mæn hu goʊz tɪ ðiz lɛŋθs tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˈwʊmən wɪl bi ə ˈbɛtər ˈwʊmən ðən ˈsəmˌwən hu ɪz ʤɪst bɔrn ə woman.”*.” grɪr ɪz ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈbɪgər ˈdraɪvərz əv ðə fəˈnɑməˌnɑn. ɑr ˌɪnˈseɪʃəbəl ˈmidiə məst faɪnd nu graʊnd tɪ breɪk ɪn ˈtænəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈpəblɪk ənd ˈnɔrməˌlaɪzɪŋ wət wɑz wəns kənˈsɪdərd æˈbɛrənt bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈkəltɪˌveɪtɪŋ ə ˈætəˌtud ɪˈnəf; ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈlaɪfˌstaɪlz məst bi ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd ɛz nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈikwəl bət suˈpɪriər tɪ ðə ˈbɔrɪŋ, əˈprɛsɪv trəˈdɪʃənz ðət hæv ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ənˈtɪl naʊ. jɛt grɪr ˈɔlsoʊ ˌənˈkəvərz ən ˈæˌspɛkt əv ðə fəˈnɑməˌnɑn ðət ˈfɛmənɪsts ˈrɪli ɔt tɪ faɪnd ˌdɪskənˈsərtɪŋ. mɔr ðən ʤɪst ə ˈraɪvəl ˈvɪktɪm grup, bət wən ðət θˈrɛtənz tɪ ɪkˈspoʊz feminists’*’ ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkʃənz wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ sɛks ˈdɪfərənsɪz. ˈfɛmənɪsts ˈtɪpɪkəli dɪˈnaɪ ðət ˈminɪŋfəl ˈʤɛndər ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪgˈzɪst bɪtˈwin mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən, waɪl əˈlaʊɪŋ ðət ðɛr ər səm ˈɛriəz ɪn wɪʧ ˈwɪmən ər suˈpɪriər tɪ mɛn. ˈwɪmən ər ˈbɛtər æt kənˈsɛnsəs ˈbɪldɪŋ, ˈlɪsənɪŋ, ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz bət ˈɛniˌwən dɛr ˌɪmˈplaɪ ðət mɛn meɪ hæv ən ˌɪˈneɪt ɛʤ ɪn ˈɛni hɑrd saɪəns. æsk ˈfɔrmər ˈhɑrvərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈlɛri ˈsəmərz haʊ ðət wən tərnz aʊt. ˈʃʊrli grɪr ˈæˌkʧuəli kɛr hum ˈglæmər ˈmægəˌzin ˈɑnərz ɛz ˈwʊmən əv ðə jɪr. ˌoʊldˈskul ˈfɛmənɪsts səˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈɑbʤɛkt tɪ səʧ rægz ˈɛniˌweɪ?) jɛt wət ˈhæpənz wɪn ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈwɪmən stɑrt kəmˈpitɪŋ əˈgɛnst pleɪn oʊld ˈwɪmən ɪn ˈəðər ˈɛriəz əv laɪf? seɪ, ɪn ˈtɛnɪs ˈmæʧɪz ənd swɪm mits? ər haʊ əˈbaʊt fər slɑts ɔn ˈkɔrpərət bɔrdz ənd ɪn tɔp ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ mit ˈtɑrgəts fər ˈʤɛndər ˈbæləns? ˈfɛmənɪsts meɪ faɪnd ðɛr kɔz stɔld ənd ðɛmˈsɛlvz fɔrst tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðət baɪˈɑləʤi pleɪz ə ˈbɪgər roʊl ðən ðeɪ kɛr tɪ ədˈmɪt. ðə ʒərˈmeɪn grɪr ənd ˈʤɛnər ˈbruhɑˌhɑ ɪz ˈʃʊrli, ˈteɪkən ɔn ɪts oʊn, ə ˈtɛmpəst ɪn ə ˈtiˌpɑt. bət ðə ˌkəlməˈneɪʃən əv ə ˈpiˈsi ˈkəlʧər ðət meɪ bi bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ ˌɪmˈploʊd. ˈkɛri ˈlukəz ɪz ðə ˈmænəʤɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈfɔrəm ənd vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt fər ˈpɑləsi əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt vɔɪs.
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feminist stalwart versus transgender icon: it may sound like a warped new comic strip, but really it’s the first installment in what could be a series of very real conflicts between warring politically correct factions.
germaine greer, the 76-year-old author of “the female eunich,” is making waves by lambasting the idea that caitlyn jenner may be honored by glamour magazine as “woman of the year.” jenner isn’t a woman, says greer. he’s just attention-starved and seeking to steal the limelight from the women in the kardashian family.
he hasn’t actually had to endure what feminists depict as the true horrors of womanhood, such as being cursed with what greer delicately characterizes as a “big, hairy, smelly vagina.”
when told that such comments are hurtful to the transgender community, greer doubled down. “try being an old woman. for goodness sake, people get hurt all the time, i’m not about to walk on eggshells.”
those who have long walked on eggshells trying not to offend greer’s feminist sisters should feel free to laugh.
for decades, feminists have skillfully wielded their victimhood status as a weapon, drawing it and striking public figures who fail to follow their obscure, but strictly enforced, rules. use the word “bossy,” “silly,” “hysterical,” “shrill,” mention that women bear children or fail to mention that women bear children and you might face the wrath of the pc feminist police.
now their tactics are being turned on one of their own. campus feminists seek to stomp out diversity; they’ve been leaders in harassing universities into rescinding speaking invitations given to those who don’t sufficiently toe the liberal line.
former secretary of state condoleezza rice, the international monetary fund’s christine lagarde, activist ayaan hirsi ali and the american enterprise institute’s christina hoff summers are just a few who have been successfully disinvited from university gigs because they failed the campus’ political-correctness test.
now greer’s the target for these liberal censors, as cardiff university is being petitioned to ax her upcoming lecture there, “women & power: the lessons of the 20th century.”
and feminists support the censorship. as kaite welsh wrote: “isn’t it often the way? you fight your way from the trenches to the throne, overthrow the corrupt regime and set about remaking the world in your own image, only to realize that you have become the thing you most despised.”
greer’s gone from “revolutionary to oppressor,” she said.
unsurprisingly, greer sees sexism at the root of the celebration of caitlyn jenner: “i think misogyny plays a really big part in all of this, that a man who goes to these lengths to become a woman will be a better woman than someone who is just born a woman.”
greer is missing bigger drivers of the caitlyn phenomenon. our insatiable media must find new ground to break in tantalizing the public and normalizing what was once considered aberrant behavior. cultivating a live-and-let-live attitude isn’t enough; alternative lifestyles must be celebrated as not only equal but superior to the boring, oppressive traditions that have dominated until now.
yet greer also uncovers an aspect of the transgendered phenomenon that feminists really ought to find disconcerting. it’s more than just a rival victim group, but one that threatens to expose feminists’ contradictions when it comes to sex differences.
feminists typically deny that meaningful gender differences exist between men and women, while allowing that there are some areas in which women are superior to men. women are better at consensus building, listening, languages . . . but don’t anyone dare imply that men may have an innate edge in any hard science. ask former harvard university president larry summers how that one turns out.
surely greer doesn’t actually care whom glamour magazine honors as woman of the year. (aren’t old-school feminists supposed to object to such beauty-obsessed rags anyway?)
yet what happens when transgender women start competing against plain old women in other areas of life? say, in tennis matches and swim meets?
or how about for slots on corporate boards and in top universities looking to meet targets for gender balance? feminists may find their cause stalled and themselves forced to acknowledge that biology plays a bigger role than they care to admit.
the germaine greer and caitlyn jenner brouhaha is surely, taken on its own, a tempest in a teapot.
but it’s the culmination of a pc culture that may be beginning to implode.
carrie lukas is the managing director of the independent women’s forum and vice president for policy of independent women’s voice.
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gɪt ðə ˈbɪgəst spɔrt ˈstɔriz baɪ iˈmeɪl səbˈskraɪb θæŋk ju fər səbˈskraɪbɪŋ wi hæv mɔr ˈnuzˌlɛtərz ʃoʊ mi si ɑr ˈpraɪvəsi ˈnoʊtɪs kʊd nɑt səbˈskraɪb, traɪ əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl ˈboʊltən ˈwɑndərərz hæv əˈnaʊnst ðə əˈpɔɪntmənt əv nil ˈlɛnən ɛz ðɛr nu ˈmænɪʤər. ˈdugi ˈfridmən wɑz rɪˈlivd əv hɪz ˈdutiz æt ðə ˈsteɪdiəm læst wik wɪθ ðə tim əv ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp. ðə əˈpɔɪntmənt ˈsɪgnəlz ˈlɛnənz fərst ˈfɔreɪ ˈɪntu ˈmænɪʤmənt ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ˈæftər hi lɛft ˈskɑtɪʃ ʤaɪənts ˈsɛltɪk æt ðə ɛnd əv læst ˈsizən. hi kleɪmd θri ˈskɑtɪʃ ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps ɪn səkˈsɛʃən ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈmæsɪv ˈʧæmpiənz lig skælps ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz taɪm æt ˈsɛltɪk pɑrk, ˈfeɪməsli ˈmæstərˌmaɪndɪŋ ə wɪn ˈoʊvər ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə ɪn 2012 ðə wɪl bi ʤɔɪnd baɪ joʊˈhɑn ənd ˈgɛri ˈpɑrkər ɪn ðə ˈmænɪʤmənt tim, ɔl əv wɪʧ wɪl teɪk fʊl kənˈtroʊl ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ. ə ˈboʊltən kləb ˈsteɪtmənt sɛd: "ðə kləb ər dɪˈlaɪtɪd ənd ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ əˈpɔɪnt nil ˈlɛnən. hi brɪŋz wɪθ ɪm ɪkˈspɪriəns æt ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl ənd ən ˌɪnˈfɛkʃəs ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm tɪ teɪk ðə kləb ˈfɔrwərd." (ˈɪmɪʤ: grup) dɪˈspaɪt biɪŋ hɪz fərst ˌmænɪˈʤɪriəl roʊl ɪn ˈɪŋglənd, ˈlɛnən ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ə səkˈsɛsfəl pleɪɪŋ kərɪr ɪn ðə ˈkəntri, ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ kru ˌælɪgˈzændrə ənd ˈlɛstər ˈsɪti ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmuvɪŋ tɪ ˈglæˌskoʊ. ɪt wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪrɪʃmən rɪˈʤɛktɪd ə muv tɪ ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiən saɪd wɪˈθɪn ðə pæst tu wiks, ˈɑptɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə muv tɪ ðə ˈmɪdəl ist. fərst geɪm ˈəndər ðə nu ˈmænɪʤmənt tim wɪl bi æt ˈbərmɪŋˌhæm ˈsɪti ðɪs ˈkəmɪŋ ˈwiˌkɪnd.
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bolton wanderers have announced the appointment of neil lennon as their new manager.
dougie freedman was relieved of his duties at the macron stadium last week with the team rock-bottom of the championship.
the appointment signals lennon's first foray into management in england after he left scottish giants celtic at the end of last season.
he claimed three scottish championships in succession as well as massive champions league scalps during his time at celtic park, famously masterminding a 2-1 win over barcelona in 2012.
the 43-year-old will be joined by johan mjallby and garry parker in the management team, all of which will take full control on monday morning.
a bolton club statement said: "the club are delighted and excited to appoint neil lennon. he brings with him experience at the highest level and an infectious enthusiasm to take the club forward."
(image: sns group)
despite being his first managerial role in england, lennon enjoyed a successful playing career in the country, representing crewe alexandra and leicester city before moving to glasgow.
it was reported that the northern irishman rejected a move to saudi arabian side al-ittihad within the past two weeks, opting against the move to the middle east.
bolton's first game under the new management team will be at birmingham city this coming weekend.
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1 ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə wərk ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti əˈsɛsmənt frəm 29 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2017 ðə ˌriəˈsɛsmənt kraɪˈtɪriə wɪl ʧeɪnʤ fər səm ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ənd səˈpɔrt əˈlaʊəns ənd ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈkrɛdɪt ˈkleɪmənts. ˈkleɪmənts ɪn ðə səˈpɔrt grup ənd ˈkleɪmənts wɪθ ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti fər wərk ənd ækˈtɪvɪti əˈtɛndɪŋ ə wərk ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti əˈsɛsmənt frəm 29 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2017 wɪl noʊ ˈlɔŋgər nid tɪ bi riəˈsɛst ɪf ɪt faɪndz ðət ðeɪ: hæv ə səˈvɪr, ˈlaɪˈflɔŋ ˌdɪsəˈbɪlɪti, ˈɪlnəs ər hɛlθ kənˈdɪʃən ər ənˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈɛvər bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ muv ˈɪntu wərk ˈkleɪmənts wɪl bi toʊld ɪf ðeɪ wɪl nɑt bi riəˈsɛst ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðɛr ðɪs ʧeɪnʤ dɪz nɑt əˈfɛkt: ˈkleɪmənts pleɪst ɪn ðə ækˈtɪvɪti grup ˈkleɪmənts pleɪst ɪn ðə ækˈtɪvɪti grup ˈkleɪmənts hu ər faʊnd tɪ hæv ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti fər wərk 2 ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˌriəˈsɛsmənt ˈpɪriədz ˌriəˈsɛsmənt ˈpɪriədz ər ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd baɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt fər wərk ənd ˈpɛnʃənz ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ə ˈfəŋkʃənəl kəˈpæsɪti. ɪz ədˈvaɪzd baɪ ˈhɛlθˌkɛr prəˈfɛʃənəlz ɔn: ðə əˈsɛsmənt əv ə hɛlθ kənˈdɪʃən ər ˌdɪsəˈbɪlɪti ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈifɛkts əv ə hɛlθ kənˈdɪʃən ər ˌdɪsəˈbɪlɪti wɪn ənd ɪf ˈkleɪmənts ʃʊd bi riəˈsɛst ɪf ə hɛlθ kənˈdɪʃən ər ˌdɪsəˈbɪlɪti gɪts wərs ˈkleɪmənts ɪn ðə ækˈtɪvɪti grup kən rɪkˈwɛst ə ɪf ðeɪ θɪŋk ðət ðɛr kənˈdɪʃən həz ˈwərsənd tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ðeɪ ʃʊd bi pleɪst ɪn ðə səˈpɔrt grup.
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1. changes to the work capability assessment ( wca )
from 29 september 2017, the wca reassessment criteria will change for some employment and support allowance ( esa ) and universal credit ( uc ) claimants.
esa claimants in the support group and uc claimants with limited capability for work and work-related activity ( lcwra ) attending a work capability assessment from 29 september 2017 will no longer need to be reassessed if it finds that they:
have a severe, lifelong disability, illness or health condition
are unlikely to ever be able to move into work
claimants will be told if they will not be reassessed following their wca .
this change does not affect:
esa claimants placed in the work-related activity group
claimants placed in the work-related activity group uc claimants who are found to have limited capability for work
2. background information
reassessment periods
reassessment periods are decided by the department for work and pensions ( dwp ) on the basis of a claimant’s functional capacity. dwp is advised by healthcare professionals on:
the assessment of a claimant’s health condition or disability
the long-term effects of a claimant’s health condition or disability
when and if claimants should be reassessed
if a claimant’s health condition or disability gets worse
esa claimants in the work-related activity group can request a wca if they think that their condition has worsened to the extent that they should be placed in the support group.
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ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈmɪnɪstər ˈmaɪkəl ˈnunən sɪz ðə ˈpəblɪk həz tɪ scapegoating”*” ˈprɑpərti dɪˈvɛləpərz fər ðə kəˈlæps əv ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd jɪrz əv ˌɔˈstɛrɪti ðət ˈfɑloʊd ðə kræʃ. ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈmɪnɪstər ˈmaɪkəl ˈnunən sɪz ðə ˈpəblɪk həz tɪ scapegoating”*” ˈprɑpərti dɪˈvɛləpərz fər ðə kəˈlæps əv ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd jɪrz əv ˌɔˈstɛrɪti ðət ˈfɑloʊd ðə kræʃ. ˈspikɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ɛz hi əraɪvd fər ə ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ dɪˈvɛləpərz, ˈbæŋkərz ənd ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt fərmz, ˈmɪstər ˈnunən sɛd hi ɪz ˈrɛdi tɪ wərk wɪθ builders”*”. ðə ˈpraɪvət ˈmitɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈləgʒəri ˈmɑrkər hoʊˈtɛl ɪn ˈdɑkləndz wɑz baɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈfaɪˌnæns ənd əˈtɛndəd baɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈsɛltɪk ˈtaɪgər dɪˈvɛləpərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmaɪkəl ənd ˈʤɑni ˈroʊnən ˈmɪstər, hu keɪm aʊt əv læst jɪr, sɛd ɪt wɑz tɪ see”*” ðə meɪn pleɪərz ɪn ðə kənˈstrəkʃən ˈsɛktər ɪn ðə rum again”*”. ðə eɪm əv ðə ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ ɪˈvɛnt wɑz tɪ dɪˈskəs nu weɪz əv fɪˈnænsɪŋ kənˈstrəkʃən ˈæftər ðə kəˈlæps əv ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈɪndəstri. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈæŋʃəs tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈɛskəˌleɪtɪŋ ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈkraɪsəs bət ɪz ˈstrəgəlɪŋ tɪ əˈtrækt dɪˈvɛləpərz tɪ bɪld nu hoʊmz. æst ɪf hi θɔt ðə ˈmitɪŋ wʊd gɪv ðə ˌɪmˈprɛʃən ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɑz əp tɪ dɪˈvɛləpərz, ˈmɪstər ˈnunən sɛd: ʃʊd stɑp ˈskeɪpˌgoʊtɪŋ ənd gɪt ɔn wɪθ wət nidz tɪ bi dən wɪθ ðə economy.”*.” ðə ˈmɪnɪstər ˈædɪd: wɑz gʊd ənd bæd ɛz ðɛr ɪz ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈsɛktər əv soʊˈsaɪɪti bət fɔr jɪrz əˈgoʊ ðə ˈsɛktər wɑz ˈskeɪpˌgoʊtɪd. bæk əˈgɛn naʊ ənd aɪ wɔnt tɪ wərk wɪθ ðə ˈrɛpjətəbəl ˈbɪldərz ənd ˈrɛpjətəbəl developers.”*.” ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hi ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðɛr wʊd nɑt bi ˈɛni frɛʃ tæks breɪks ər ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz fər ðə kənˈstrəkʃən ˈɪndəstri. ɪn hɪz ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈæˌdrɛs æt ðə kənˈstrəkʃən ˈɪndəstri fɪˈnænsɪŋ ˈɔpʃənz ˈkɑnfərəns, hi sɛd dɪˈvɛləpərz kʊd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər rɪˈlaɪ ɔn bæŋks tɪ ˈfʊli fənd ˈprɑʤɛkts ənd məst ˌɪnˈstɛd tərn tɪ ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt fərmz. "ðə bum taɪm ˈmɑdəl ɪz dɪˈfəŋkt ənd wɪl nɑt rɪˈtərn. ðeɪ məst ɪmˈbreɪs ðə fɪˈnænsɪŋ ˈɔpʃənz ðət ər əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈvaɪəbəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ər ɛls feɪs biɪŋ lɛft bɪˈhaɪnd," hi ˈædɪd. ðə ˈmɪnɪstər sɛd dɪˈvɛləpərz nid tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðeɪ wɪl nɑt meɪk ðə seɪm ˈprɑfɪts ðeɪ dɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə bum jɪrz. hi ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd ə ˈnəmbər əv ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz ənd tæks breɪks ˌɪntrəˈdust tɪ ˈstɪmjəˌleɪt ðə kənˈstrəkʃən ˈsɛktər bət ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðɛr wʊd bi noʊ mɔr. hi sɛd ðə kənˈstrəkʃən ˈɪndəstri wʊd naʊ hæv tɪ bi ˈfəndɪd baɪ bæŋks ənd ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈkəmpəˌniz wɪʧ ʧɑrʤ haɪər ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts ənd ɪkˈspɛkt ə steɪk ɪn ˈprɑʤɛkts. ˈsinjər əˈfɪʃəlz frəm bæŋk əv ˈaɪərlənd, aib*, ˈəlstər bæŋk ənd dɔɪʧ bæŋk ˈɔlsoʊ spoʊk æt ðə ɪˈvɛnt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈʧælənʤɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈsɛktər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt wɑz ki ˈfɪgjərz frəm ðə ˈpraɪvət ˈɛkwəti ˈsɛktər dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ðə "ˈhəni pɑt" baɪ ðoʊz æt ðə ɪˈvɛnt hu əˈtræktəd ðə moʊst əˈtɛnʃən frəm ðə kənˈstrəkʃən ˈɪndəstri ʧifs. ˈsinjər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz frəm ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɛkwəti fəndz oaktree*, ˈkɑrdɪnəl ˈkæpɪtəl, haɪnz ənd wər ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ə ˈpænəl dɪˈskəʃən. "ɪt wɑz ðə ˈɛkwəti kraʊd hu ɔl ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz wər ˈflɑkɪŋ tɪ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə breɪk ðə bæŋks ˈdɪdənt gɪt məʧ əv ə lʊk ɪn," ə sɔrs sɛd. əˈnəðər ˌɪnˈsaɪdər sɛd: "ðiz ˈfɛləs ər ðə ˈhəni pɑt ɪf ju kəm tɪ taʊn seɪɪŋ ju hæv ˈməni, ðə hoʊl wərld wɔnts tɪ tɔk tɪ ju." kənˈstrəkʃən ˈɪndəstri ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən dɪˈrɛktər ˈʤɛnərəl tɑm ˈɔlsoʊ spoʊk æt ðə ɪˈvɛnt ənd ˈæftərwərdz ədˈmɪtəd ɪt wɑz taɪm fər dɪˈvɛləpərz tɪ faɪnd nu weɪz tɪ ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈprɑʤɛkts. "ˈwɛðər wi laɪk ɪt ər nɑt, ðə oʊld ˈsɪstəm əv kənˈstrəkʃən ˈfaɪˌnæns ɪz dɛd. "moʊst ˈprɑʤɛkts wɪl nid tɪ meɪk juz əv ðiz nu ˈmɑdəlz ɪf ðeɪ ər tɪ muv ˈfɔrwərd. "ðə ˈɪndəstri həz bɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈfəndɪŋ ˈɔpʃənz. wi naʊ nid tɪ stɑrt ðiz mɔr ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈstrəkʧərz," ˈmɪstər sɛd. ə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈfaɪˌnæns rɪˈpɔrt ˈpəblɪʃt ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ faʊnd ðɛr ɪz ɪˈnəf ˈməni ɪn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt frəm bæŋks ənd ðə ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈsɛktər tɪ ðə kənˈstrəkʃən ˈɪndəstri. ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɛd səm dɪˈvɛləpərz wər "sloʊ tɪ əkˈsɛpt" ðə haɪər kɔst əv ˈpraɪvət ˈfəndɪŋ, waɪl ˈəðərz lækt ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns ər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ðə ˈfəndɪŋ. kɔrk dɪˈvɛləpər ˈmaɪkəl oʊˈflɪn sɛd ɪt wɑz "ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ si haʊ ˈɛvriˌwən kʊd bi əˈkɑməˌdeɪtəd" wɪθ ðə ˈkɑrənt kɔst dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ. "ðə kɔst beɪs nidz tɪ bi ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn, frəm væt tɪ dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈʧɑrʤɪz, ɔl ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd kɔsts tɪ mit ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz. "ɪt həz tɪ wərk fər ˈɛvriˌwən ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpərz," hi sɛd. ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈhaʊsɪz bɪlt ɪn 2014 wɑz ðə haɪəst ɪn eɪt jɪrz bət ɪz stɪl fɑr ʃɔrt əv wət ðə ˈmɑrkɪt rikˈwaɪərz. ʤɪst ˈoʊvər ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈjunɪts wər bɪlt, fɑr ʃɔrt əv ðə ˈjunɪts ðə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈeɪʤənsi sɪz ər rikˈwaɪərd iʧ jɪr. ˈɔlˌmoʊst hæf əv ðə ˈjunɪts kəmˈplitɪd wər ˌwəˈnɔf hoʊmz, wɪʧ wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ pʊt ˈprɛʃər ɔn səˈplaɪ ɛz ðeɪ ər ənˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈɔfərd tɪ ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ənd wɪl nɑt hɛlp baɪərz gɪt ɔn tɪ ðə ˈprɑpərti ˈlædər. ðə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈeɪʤənsi, wɪʧ ædˈvaɪzɪz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, sɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈjunɪts ər rikˈwaɪərd əp tɪ 2018 ɪn hɪz spiʧ tɪ ˈjɛstərˌdeɪz ˈgæðərɪŋ, ˈmɪstər ˈnunən sɛd ðət "ɔl səkˈsɛsfəl ɪˈkɑnəmiz hæv ə strɔŋ kənˈstrəkʃən ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈsɛktər". "dɪˈspaɪt ðə ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ saɪnz əv rɪˈkəvəri ɪn kənˈstrəkʃən ˈsɛktər ækˈtɪvɪti, aɪ æm ʃʊr wi ər ɔl ɪn əˈgrimənt ðət ðə ˈsɛktər məst ˈoʊvərˌkəm ˈmɛni ˈʧælənʤɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt ɪz æt ə pɔɪnt wɛr ɪt kən ˈfʊli səˈpɔrt ðə nidz əv ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi," ðə ˈmɪnɪstər sɛd. ˈaɪrɪʃ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt
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finance minister michael noonan says the public has to “stop scapegoating” property developers for the collapse of the economy and years of austerity that followed the crash.
finance minister michael noonan says the public has to “stop scapegoating” property developers for the collapse of the economy and years of austerity that followed the crash.
speaking to the irish independent as he arrived for a behind-closed-doors meeting with developers, bankers and private investment firms, mr noonan said he is ready to work with “reputable builders”.
the private meeting in the luxury marker hotel in dublin’s docklands was organised by the department of finance and attended by several celtic tiger developers, including michael o’flynn and johnny ronan
mr o’flynn, who came out of nama last year, said it was “good to see” the main players in the construction sector in the “same room again”.
the aim of the low-key networking event was to discuss new ways of financing construction after the collapse of the banking industry.
the government is anxious to address the escalating housing crisis but is struggling to attract developers to build new homes.
asked if he thought the meeting would give the impression the government was cosying up to developers, mr noonan said: “we should stop scapegoating and get on with what needs to be done with the economy.”
the minister added: “there was good and bad as there is in every sector of society but four years ago the sector was scapegoated. back again now and i want to work with the reputable builders and reputable developers.”
however, he insisted there would not be any fresh tax breaks or incentives for the construction industry.
in his opening address at the construction industry financing options conference, he said developers could no longer rely on banks to fully fund projects and must instead turn to private investment firms.
"the boom time model is defunct and will not return. they must embrace the financing options that are available for viable development or else face being left behind," he added.
the minister said developers need to accept they will not make the same profits they did during the boom years.
he highlighted a number of existing incentives and tax breaks introduced to stimulate the construction sector but insisted there would be no more.
he said the construction industry would now have to be funded by banks and private investment companies which charge higher interest rates and expect a stake in projects.
senior officials from bank of ireland, aib, ulster bank and deutsche bank also spoke at the event about the challenges facing the banking sector.
however, it was key figures from the private equity sector - described as the "honey pot" by those at the event - who attracted the most attention from the construction industry chiefs.
senior representatives from international equity funds oaktree, cardinal capital, hines and isif were involved in a panel discussion. "it was the equity crowd who all the developers were flocking to during the break - the banks didn't get much of a look in," a source said.
another insider said: "these fellas are the honey pot - if you come to town saying you have money, the whole world wants to talk to you."
construction industry federation director general tom parlon also spoke at the event and afterwards admitted it was time for developers to find new ways to finance projects.
"whether we like it or not, the old system of construction finance is dead.
"most projects will need to make use of these new models if they are to move forward.
"the industry has been looking for alternative funding options. we now need to start utilising these more complicated financial structures," mr parlon said.
a department of finance report published yesterday found there is enough money in the market from banks and the private investment sector to kick-start the construction industry. the report said some developers were "slow to accept" the higher cost of private funding, while others lacked the experience or information to access the funding.
cork developer michael o'flynn said it was "difficult to see how everyone could be accommodated" with the current cost developing.
"the cost base needs to be focused on, from vat to development charges, all the associated costs to meet regulations.
"it has to work for everyone including developers," he said.
the number of houses built in 2014 was the highest in eight years but is still far short of what the market requires.
just over 11,000 housing units were built, far short of the 16,000 units the housing agency says are required each year.
almost half of the units completed were one-off homes, which will also put pressure on supply as they are unlikely to be offered to the market and will not help first-time buyers get on to the property ladder.
the housing agency, which advises the government, says almost 80,000 units are required up to 2018.
in his speech to yesterday's gathering, mr noonan said that "all successful economies have a strong construction and development sector".
"despite the encouraging signs of recovery in construction sector activity, i am sure we are all in agreement that the sector must overcome many challenges before it is at a point where it can fully support the needs of our economy," the minister said.
irish independent
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ðə sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ meɪd ə hoʊst əv əˈnaʊnsmɛnts ˈdʊrɪŋ əv ðə franchise”*” ɪˈvɛnt, bət tim ˈprɛzɪdənt æl gˈwidoʊ seɪvd ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt wən fər ˈθərzˌdeɪ. ˈdʊrɪŋ ən əˈpɪrəns ɔn knbr*, wɪn æst ɪf sæm wʊd bi rɪˈtərnɪŋ, gˈwidoʊ kənˈfərmd ðət, ənd ðɛn ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðə tim wʊd bi ˈbrɪŋɪŋ bæk ðə feɪmd ˈhɛlmət kɑr. ɪn keɪs ju rɪˈmɛmbər, hir ɪt ɪz, ɔn dɪˈspleɪ æt bæk ɪn 2015 praɪər tɪ ˈsteɪdiəm ˈhoʊstɪŋ ˈsupər boʊl 50 aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər wɪn wi læst sɔ ðət bæd bɔɪ ɔn ðə fild, bət aɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən sæm wɪl bi ˈteɪkɪŋ ə raɪd əraʊnd ɪn ɪt. aɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ðə wɪl meɪk ʃʊr ənd spik tɪ sæm əˈbaʊt əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ˈgɪvɪŋ fænz ðə ˈmɪdəl ˈfɪŋgər. ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ dɪˈzərv ɪt, bɛst fər ə ˈmæˌskɑt tɪ əˈvɔɪd duɪŋ ðət.
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the san francisco 49ers made a host of announcements during wednesday’s “state of the franchise” event, but team president al guido saved an important one for thursday. during an appearance on knbr, when asked if sourdough sam would be returning, guido confirmed that, and then also said the team would be bringing back the famed helmet car.
in case you don’t remember, here it is, on display at sfo back in 2015 prior to levi’s stadium hosting super bowl 50.
i don’t remember when we last saw that bad boy on the field, but i imagine sourdough sam will be taking a ride around in it. i imagine the 49ers will make sure and speak to sam about avoiding giving fans the middle finger. even if they deserve it, best for a mascot to avoid doing that.
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ə ʃraɪn sɛt əp tɪ kəˈmɛmərˌeɪt ðə ˈvɪktɪmz əv ðə ˈʧɑrli əˈtæks həz bɪn fɔr taɪmz ɪn ðə læst tu wiks. ðə səˈtɪrɪkəl ˈpeɪpər həz rɪfˈjuzd tɪ bi kaʊd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ənd wɪl ˈpəblɪʃ ɪts nɛkst ɪˈdɪʃən təˈmɑˌroʊ. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə əˈtæks baɪ ˈɪsləmɪst ˈgənˌmɛn wɪʧ kleɪmd 17 lɪvz, ə ʃraɪn wɑz sɛt əp ɪn pleɪs də lɑ ɪn ˈsɛntrəl ˈpɛrɪs kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv flaʊərz, ˈfoʊˌtoʊz, ənd noʊts lɛft baɪ ˈvɛriəs well-wishers*. ɪt wɑz sɛt əp baɪ ə grup, ˈnɛvər again”*” hu tɛnd tɪ ðə ʃraɪn, laɪt ˈkændəlz, ənd ˈkəvər ðə noʊts wɪθ ˈplæstɪk. bət əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ səˈbrinə deliry*, ðə hɛd əv ðə grup, ðə ʃraɪn həz bɪn fɔr taɪmz ˈoʊvər ðə læst tu wiks, wɪθ ðə ˈɑbʤɛkts biɪŋ tɔrn əp, ˈskætərd, ənd kɪkt əraʊnd. ˈsɪkənd ənd disgusted,”*,” ʃi toʊld ðə ˈtɛləˌgræf. nɑt ðə wɪnd ər ðə reɪn ðət dɪd ɪt ɛz ˈivɪn ˈɑbʤɛkts ənd ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ðət wər ˈkəvərd hæv bɪn. wɪn ðɪs ˈhæpənd ˌbiˈfɔr, wi rɪˈpɛrd ðə ˈdæmɪʤ wɪˈθaʊt seɪɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, bət ðɪs ɪz tu much.”*.” vialeret*, əˈnəðər ˈmɛmbər əv ðə grup sɛd ðət ˈpriviəs əˈtæks hæd dən lɛs ˈdæmɪʤ, bət ɪn ðə moʊst ˈrisənt əˈtæk, læst ˈsənˌdi, riθs, ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ənd drɔɪŋz wər ɔl rɪpt əp ənd ˈskætərd. taɪm, ðeɪ rɛkt everything.”*.” ðə grup həz faɪld ə pəˈlis kəmˈpleɪnt. təˈmɑˌroʊ mɑrks ˈsɛvən wiks tɪ ðə deɪ əv ðə əˈtæk, ɪn wɪʧ faɪv ˈʧɑrli kɑrˈtunɪsts ənd θri ˈʤərnəlɪsts wər kɪld. fɔr ˈəðərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈbɑdiˌgɑrd əv charbonnier*, ˈɛdɪtər ɪn ʧif əv ðə ˈmægəˌzin, ˈɔlsoʊ daɪd ɪn ðə ˈɔfəsɪz. ə issue”*” wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ə wik ˈæftər ðə əˈtæk, ˈfiʧərɪŋ moʊˈhæmɪd ɔn ðə frənt ˈkəvər wɪθ ə tɪr ɪn hɪz aɪ, ˈhoʊldɪŋ ə charlie”*” saɪn ˈəndər ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪn ɪz forgiven”*”. bət sɪns ðɛn ðə tim həz leɪd loʊ. ˈnidɪd ə breɪk, ə rest…*… ðɛr wər ðoʊz hu ˈnidɪd tɪ wərk əˈgɛn streɪt əˈweɪ, laɪk mi, ənd ðoʊz hu ˈwɔntɪd tɪ teɪk mɔr time,”*,” sɪz ʤərɑrd, ðə nu ʧif ˈɛdɪtər. wi riʧt ə ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz, ənd əˈgrid ɔn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 25th…*… tɪ stɑrt ɔf əˈgɛn ɔn ə ˈwikli basis.”*.” ˈkəvər ˈfiʧərz ə swaɪp æt ðə ˈjuʒəwəl ˈtɑrgəts: ɪt dɪˈpɪkts ðə poʊp, ʤiˈhɑˌdɪsts, ˈnɪkɔləs ənd mərˈin lə pɛn ɛz ə pæk əv ˈræbɪd ˈænəməlz ˈʧeɪsɪŋ ə dɔg ˈkɛriɪŋ ə ˈkɑpi əv ˈʧɑrli klæmpt ɪn ɪts maʊθ. ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪn ridz back!”*!” həz sɛd ðət ðə ˈkɑntɛnts wɪl ˌɪˈnɛvətəbli dil wɪθ ˈfridəm əv ɪkˈsprɛʃən, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðə əˈtæk ɪn ˈkoʊpənˌhɑgən ɔn ðə ənd əv ˈfɛbruˌɛri wɪʧ tʊk pleɪs ˌɪˈnɪʃəli æt ə ˈkɑnfərəns ɔn fri spiʧ. ʤɪst ɛz ˈrɛləvənt ɛz ˌbiˈfɔr. aɪ noʊ səm wɪl seɪ ðət wi ər əbˈsɛst, bət nɑt ðə wənz hu ər obsessed,”*,” sɛd. ðoʊz hu kriˈeɪt ðə nuz hu ər əbˈsɛst. ənd ðoʊz hu kriˈeɪt ɪt ər ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts. ˈæftər ˈkoʊpənˌhɑgən, wi wɪl bi fɔrst tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ɪt əˈgɛn. bət ˈɔlsoʊ dɔmɪˈnik strauss-kahn*, ˈləki wi hæv him!”*!” ˈʧɑrli ˈkɑləmnəst ˈpætrɪk sɛd ɪn ə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈɪntərvˌju: ðɪs ˈɪʃu, ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈoʊvər. ðə fˈjunərəlz hæv ˈteɪkən pleɪs, wi hæv tɪ meɪk du wɪθ ðə ˈæbsəns əv ðə ˈəðərz, ənd wɛr təf. bɪn ˈriəˌlaɪzɪŋ fər səm taɪm ðət ðeɪ ʤɪst goʊ əˈweɪ ɔn ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ. ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər, ʤɪst laɪk ˈɛni ˈnuzˌpeɪpər, məst kənˈtɪnju bɪˈkəz laɪf goʊz ɔn, ðə nuz continues.”*.” ðə ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl tim ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈwərkɪŋ wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈɔfəsɪz əv ˈdeɪli libération*, bət ər ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ muv ˈɪntu ðɛr oʊn ˈprɛməsəz wɪˈθɪn ðə nɛkst fju wiks. ðeɪ hæv kənˈfərmd ðət ðeɪ ər ˈsikɪŋ ə loʊˈkeɪʃən wɪʧ kən bi ˈfɪtɪd wɪθ ə sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɛntrəns.
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a shrine set up to commemorate the victims of the charlie hebdo attacks has been vandalised four times in the last two weeks. the satirical paper has refused to be cowed, however, and will publish its next edition tomorrow.
following the attacks by islamist gunmen which claimed 17 lives, a shrine was set up in place de la republique in central paris consisting of flowers, photos, and notes left by various well-wishers.
it was set up by a group, “17 never again” who tend to the shrine, light candles, and cover the notes with plastic. but according to sabrina deliry, the head of the group, the shrine has been vandalised four times over the last two weeks, with the objects being torn up, scattered, and kicked around.
“we’re sickened and disgusted,” she told the telegraph. “it’s not the wind or the rain that did it as even objects and messages that were covered have been vandalised. when this happened before, we repaired the damage without saying anything, but this is too much.”
rémy vialeret, another member of the group said that previous attacks had done less damage, but in the most recent attack, last sunday, wreaths, messages and drawings were all ripped up and scattered. “this time, they wrecked everything.” the group has filed a police complaint.
tomorrow marks seven weeks to the day of the attack, in which five charlie hebdo cartoonists and three journalists were killed. four others, including the personal bodyguard of stéphane charbonnier, editor in chief of the magazine, also died in the magazine’s offices.
a “survivors issue” was published a week after the attack, featuring mohammed on the front cover with a tear in his eye, holding a “je suis charlie” sign under the headline “all is forgiven”. but since then the team has laid low.
“we needed a break, a rest… there were those who needed to work again straight away, like me, and those who wanted to take more time,” says gerard biard, the paper’s new chief editor. “so we reached a compromise, and agreed on february 25th… to start off again on a weekly basis.”
tomorrow’s cover features a swipe at the magazine’s usual targets: it depicts the pope, jihadists, nicolas sarkozy and marine le pen as a pack of rabid animals chasing a dog carrying a copy of charlie hebdo clamped in its mouth. the headline reads “we’re back!”
biard has said that the contents will inevitably deal with freedom of expression, especially in the wake of the attack in copenhagen on the 14th and 15th of february which took place initially at a conference on free speech.
“it’s just as relevant as before. i know some will say that we are obsessed, but we’re not the ones who are obsessed,” biard said. “it’s those who create the news who are obsessed. and those who create it are terrorists. after copenhagen, we will be forced to talk about it again. but there’s also dominique strauss-kahn, it’s lucky we have him!”
charlie hebdo columnist patrick pelloux said in a television interview: “for this issue, we’re starting over. the funerals have taken place, we have to make do with the absence of the others, and where it’s tough.
“we’ve been realizing for some time that they didn’t just go away on holiday. the newspaper, just like any newspaper, must continue because life goes on, the news continues.”
the editorial team is currently working within the offices of left-wing daily libération, but are hoping to move into their own premises within the next few weeks. they have confirmed that they are seeking a location which can be fitted with a security entrance.
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st*. luɪs (ˌeɪˈpi) ðə ˈsɪti əv st*. luɪs faɪld ə ˈlɔˌsut ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈfʊtˌbɔl lig ˈoʊvər ðə rams’*’ ˌriˈloʊˈkeɪʃən tɪ lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs, əˈlɛʤɪŋ ðə lig ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ɪts oʊn ˌriˈloʊˈkeɪʃən ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz ənd ɛnˈrɪʧt ˌɪtˈsɛlf æt ðə ɪkˈspɛns əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti ɪt lɛft bɪˈhaɪnd. ðə muv kəmz 15 mənθs ˈæftər ðə tim dɪˈpɑrtɪd. st*. luɪs ɪz ʤɔɪnd ɪn ðə ˈlɔˌsut baɪ st*. luɪs ˈkaʊnti ənd ðə spɔrts əˈθɔrəti. ðə ˈlɔˌsut faɪld ɪn st*. luɪs ˈsərkət kɔrt neɪmz ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl, ɔl 32 timz ənd ðɛr ˈoʊnərz, ənd siks ənˈspɛsəˌfaɪd bət ““extensive”*” ˈdæmɪʤɪz ənd ˌrɛstɪˈtuʃən. ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl sɪz ðɛr ɪz ləˈʤɪtəmət basis”*” fər ðə ˈlɔˌsut. ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə lig, braɪən məˈkɑrθi, sɛd ɪt wərkt ˈdɪləʤəntli wɪθ ˈloʊkəl ənd steɪt əˈfɪʃəlz ɪn ə ˈprɔˌsɛs hi kɔlz ənd fair.”*.” ðə ræmz muvd frəm lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs tɪ st*. luɪs praɪər tɪ ðə 1995 ˈsizən, lʊrd ɪn pɑrt baɪ ə nu doʊmd ˈsteɪdiəm. stæn kroʊŋk, ə ril ɛˈsteɪt ˌbɪljəˈnɛr ənd ˈneɪtɪv əv məˈzʊri, wɑz məˈnɔrəti ˈoʊnər əv ðə tim ənˈtɪl ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ɪt ˈaʊˈtraɪt ɪn 2010 tu jɪrz ˈæftər ðə dɛθ əv ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm məˈʤɔrəti ˈoʊnər ˈʤɔrʤə frɑnˈtjɛr. ðə sut kleɪmz ðət ɪt lɔŋ ˈæftərwərd ðət kroʊŋk bɪˈgæn ˈplɑtɪŋ ə muv, dɪˈspaɪt ˈpəblɪk ˈkɑmɛnts frəm ɪm ənd tim ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈkɛvɪn ðət ðə ræmz hoʊpt tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ɪn st*. luɪs fər ðə lɔŋ tərm. ðə jɪrz ˈlidɪŋ əp tɪ ðə ræmz ˌriˈloʊˈkeɪʃən rɪkˈwɛst, ræmz əˈfɪʃəlz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ muv ðə tim ənd ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəli dɪˈtərmənd ðət ðeɪ wʊd bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtɪŋ ˈɛni ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ du so,”*,” ðə ˈlɔˌsut steɪts. ðə ˈlɔˌsut noʊts ðət sɪns st*. luɪs əˈfɪʃəlz əˈwɛr ə muv wɑz ɛˈsɛnʃəli ə dən dil, ðeɪ spɛnt ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ plænz fər ə nu ˈrɪvərˌfrənt ˈsteɪdiəm ˈprɑʤɛkt eɪmd æt rɪˈteɪnɪŋ ðə ræmz. ræmz ˈnɛvər ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn gʊd feɪθ nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wɪθ st*. louis,”*,” ðə ˈlɔˌsut sɪz. ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2014 kroʊŋk bɔt lænd ɪn ˈɪŋgəlˌwʊd, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈlɔˌsut, sɛd ɪt wɑz ə pis əv lænd ˈɛni gʊd fər ə ˈfʊtˌbɔl stadium”*” wɪn æst əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpərʧəs. saɪz ənd ðə ʃeɪp gʊd fər ə ˈfʊtˌbɔl stadium,”*,” sɛd ðɛn. bət ðə ˈlɔˌsut noʊts ðət ˈæftər lig ˈoʊnərz əˈpruvd ðə muv ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2016 toʊld ən ˈɪntərvˌjuər hi rɪˈkɔld kroʊŋk ˈkɔlɪŋ ɪm ˈæftər ˌɪnˈspɛktɪŋ ðə ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈprɑpərti ɪn 2013 ənd seɪɪŋ ɪt wɑz ˌənbəˈlivəbəl site”*” fər ə ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈsteɪdiəm. ðə ˈlɔˌsut sɪz sɛd ðə kɔl wɑz wən əv ðə ɪn jʊr laɪf ju ˈnɛvər forget.”*.” ðə ˈɪŋgəlˌwʊd ˈsteɪdiəm ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˈoʊpən ɪn 2019 ðə ræmz ər pleɪɪŋ æt məˈmɔriəl ˌkɑləˈsiəm ənˈtɪl ðɛn. ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl əˈdɑptəd ˌriˈloʊˈkeɪʃən ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz ɪn 1984 ðə ˈlɔˌsut kleɪmz ðə lig ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ðoʊz ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈfoʊkɪst ˈsoʊəli ɔn ˈwɛðər mɔr ˈməni kʊd bi meɪd ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ə ˈfæktər wɪʧ dɪz nɑt ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ˌriˈloʊˈkeɪʃən ˈəndər ðə policy,”*,” ðə ˈlɔˌsut steɪts. ðə ˈlɔˌsut əˈlɛʤɪz ðət waɪl ðə lig həz ɛnˈrɪʧt ˌɪtˈsɛlf ənd ɪts timz wɪθ ðə muv, st*. luɪs həz lɔst ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈmɪljən tɪ ˈmɪljən iʧ jɪr ɪn əmˈjuzmənt ənd ˈtɪkɪt tæks kəˈlɛkʃənz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈrəfli ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈprɑpərti ˈtæksɪz. ɪn ˈtoʊtəl, ðə ˈsɪti wɪl hæv lɔst mɔr ðən 100 ˈmɪljən ɪn nɛt prəˈsidz, ðə sut əˈlɛʤɪz. ðə ˈlɔˌsut ɪz əˈməŋ ˈsɛvərəl faɪld ˈoʊvər ðə rams’*’ dɪˈpɑrʧər. θri ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈlɔˌsuts rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈpərsɪnəl sit ˈlaɪsənsɪz wər kənˈsɑləˌdeɪtəd ˈɪntu wən sut. əˈnəðər sut faɪld baɪ ðə ˈriʤənəl spɔrts əˈθɔrəti siks tɪ kip ðə ræmz frəm əbˈteɪnɪŋ ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈpræktɪs fəˈsɪlɪti ɪn st*. luɪs ˈkaʊnti fər 1 ɪn 2024 ɛz spɛld aʊt ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl lis. ðə ræmz ˈfɪnɪʃt ɪn ðɛr fərst ˈsizən bæk ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ənd hæd ə ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈrɛkərd ɪn ˈɛni ˈsizən sɪns 2003 ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2017 ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs. ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd. ðɪs məˈtɪriəl meɪ nɑt bi ˈpəblɪʃt, ˈbrɔdˌkæst, riˈrɪtən ər ˌridɪˈstrɪbjətɪd.)
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st. louis (ap) — the city of st. louis filed a lawsuit wednesday against the national football league over the rams’ relocation to los angeles, alleging the league violated its own relocation guidelines and enriched itself at the expense of the community it left behind.
the move comes 15 months after the team departed. st. louis is joined in the lawsuit by st. louis county and the region’s sports authority. the lawsuit filed in st. louis circuit court names the nfl, all 32 teams and their owners, and seeks unspecified but “extensive” damages and restitution.
the nfl says there is “no legitimate basis” for the lawsuit. a spokesman for the league, brian mccarthy, said it worked diligently with local and state officials in a process he calls “honest and fair.”
the rams moved from los angeles to st. louis prior to the 1995 season, lured in part by a new taxpayer-built domed stadium. stan kroenke, a real estate billionaire and native of missouri, was minority owner of the team until purchasing it outright in 2010, two years after the death of longtime majority owner georgia frontiere.
the suit claims that it wasn’t long afterward that kroenke began plotting a move, despite public comments from him and team executive kevin demoff that the rams hoped to remain in st. louis for the long term.
“in the years leading up to the rams relocation request, rams officials decided to move the team and confidentially determined that they would be interested in exploiting any opportunity to do so,” the lawsuit states.
the lawsuit notes that since st. louis officials weren’t aware a move was essentially a done deal, they spent millions of dollars developing plans for a new riverfront stadium project aimed at retaining the rams.
“the rams never intended to engage in good faith negotiations with st. louis,” the lawsuit says.
in february 2014, kroenke bought land in inglewood, california. according to the lawsuit, demoff said it was “not a piece of land that’s any good for a football stadium” when asked about the purchase.
“the size and the shape aren’t good for a football stadium,” demoff said then.
but the lawsuit notes that after league owners approved the move in january 2016, demoff told an interviewer he recalled kroenke calling him after inspecting the california property in 2013 and saying it was “an unbelievable site” for a football stadium. the lawsuit says demoff said the call was one of the “moments in your life you never forget.”
the inglewood stadium is expected to open in 2019. the rams are playing at memorial coliseum until then.
the nfl adopted relocation guidelines in 1984. the lawsuit claims the league violated those guidelines “and instead focused solely on whether more money could be made in los angeles — a factor which does not justify relocation under the policy,” the lawsuit states.
the lawsuit alleges that while the league has enriched itself and its teams with the move, st. louis has lost an estimated $1.85 million to $3.5 million each year in amusement and ticket tax collections, as well as roughly $7.5 million in property taxes. in total, the city will have lost more than $100 million in net proceeds, the suit alleges.
the lawsuit is among several filed over the rams’ departure. three separate lawsuits related to personal seat licenses were consolidated into one suit. another suit filed by the regional sports authority seeks to keep the rams from obtaining the team’s former practice facility in st. louis county for $1 in 2024, as spelled out in the team’s original lease.
the rams finished 4-12 in their first season back in los angeles and haven’t had a winning record in any season since 2003.
(© copyright 2017 the associated press. all rights reserved. this material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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kənˈgrɛʃənəl rɪˈpəblɪkənz hæv nu ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ðɛr ˈpʊʃɪŋ ɛz ə "ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz" ɔn ˈtɛləkɑm ˌɪmˈjunɪti. wən əv ðɛr ˈsɛntrəl ˈtɔkɪŋ pɔɪnts həz bɪn ðət ðə bɪl wʊd əˈlaʊ ə kɔrt tɪ ˌrivˈju ˈwɛðər ðə ˈæktɪd ˈligəli wɪn ðeɪ kˈwɑpərˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə ˈwɔrəntləs ˈwaɪərˌtæpɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm. fər ˈɪnstəns, ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋz nu jɔrk taɪmz ˌriˈpɔrtəd: ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz hæv ˈjildɪd ˈsəmˈwət ɔn ˌɪmˈjunɪti fər ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz: ðə ˈkɑrənt prəˈpoʊzəl frəm ˈmɪstər. bɑnd wʊd əˈlaʊ ðə kɔrt tɪ ˌrivˈju ðə rɪkˈwɛsts ənd dɪˈtərmən baɪ ə əv ðə evidence”*” ˈwɛðər ðə rɪkˈwɛsts wər ˈvælɪd. glɛn ˈgrinˌwɔld ˈæptli ˈaʊˌtlaɪnz ðə ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ðɪs kleɪm ɪn hɪz ˈleɪtəst poʊst ɔn ənˈʧɑrtɪd ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri: ˈɑrtɪkəl ˌɪˈnækjərətli dɪˈskraɪbz ðə ˈkɑrənt "ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz" bɪl wɪθ rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ˈtɛləkɑm ˈæmnəsti. ɪt dɪz nɑt, ɛz ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl kleɪmz, "əˈlaʊ ðə kɔrt tɪ ˌrivˈju ðə rɪkˈwɛsts ənd dɪˈtərmən baɪ ə 'priˈpɑndrəns əv ðə ˈɛvədəns' ˈwɛðər ðə rɪkˈwɛsts [frəm ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ðə ˈtɛləkɑmz tɪ əˈlaʊ spaɪɪŋ] wər ˈvælɪd." ˈrəðər, ðə "ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz" bɪl ˈsɪmpli sɪz ðət ɪf ðə ˈtɛləkɑmz kən ʃoʊ ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt rɪkˈwɛstɪd ðət ˈtɛləkɑmz əˈlaʊ ˈwɔrəntləs ˈivzˌdrɑpɪŋ ənd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ðət səʧ ˈwɔrəntləs spaɪɪŋ wɑz ˈligəl ənd wi ɔˈrɛdi noʊ ðət ðət ˈhæpənd ðɛn ðə kɔrt ɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ ˈɪmjuˌnaɪz ðə ˈtɛləkɑmz. ðə "ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz" dɪz nɑt ɛnˈteɪl, ɪn ˈɛni weɪ, ˈɛni ʤuˈdɪʃəl kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən əv ˈwɛðər ðə spaɪɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈtɛləkɑmz pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd wɑz ˈligəl, nɔr dɪz ɪt ˌrikˈwaɪər kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən əv ˈwɛðər ðə ˈtɛləkɑmz broʊk ðə lɔ. ðə "ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz" bɪl ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ðən ˌgɛrənˈtid, ˈæbsəˌlut ˌɪmˈjunɪti fər ðə ˈtɛləkɑmz dɪˈlɪvərd ɪn ðə fɔrm əv ə ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈprɔˌsɛs. ˈsɛnətərz dɑd ənd ˈfaɪŋgoʊld meɪd ðə seɪm pɔɪnt ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ ɪn ən ˈoʊpən ˈlɛtər ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən prəˈpoʊzəl. ˈkɑnˌtækt jʊr ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz naʊ ənd tɛl ðɛm tɪ ˈriʤɛkt ðə fɔls ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz!
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congressional republicans have new legislation they're pushing as a "compromise" on telecom immunity. one of their central talking points has been that the bill would allow a court to review whether the telcos acted legally when they cooperated with the nsa's warrantless wiretapping program. for instance, this morning's new york times reported:
the republicans have yielded somewhat on immunity for the companies: the current proposal from mr. bond would allow the fisa court to review the administration’s requests and determine by a “preponderance of the evidence” whether the requests were valid.
glenn greenwald aptly outlines the problems with this claim in his latest post on uncharted territory:
lichtblau's article inaccurately describes the current gop "compromise" bill with regard to telecom amnesty. it does not, as the article claims, "allow the fisa court to review the administration’s requests and determine by a 'preponderance of the evidence' whether the requests [from the government to the telecoms to allow spying] were valid." rather, the "compromise" bill simply says that if the telecoms can show that the government requested that telecoms allow warrantless eavesdropping and represented that such warrantless spying was legal -- and we already know that that happened -- then the fisa court is required to immunize the telecoms. the gop "compromise" does not entail, in any way, any judicial consideration of whether the spying program in which the telecoms participated was legal, nor does it require consideration of whether the telecoms broke the law. the gop "compromise" bill is nothing more than guaranteed, absolute immunity for the telecoms delivered in the form of a pre-scripted judicial process.
senators dodd and feingold made the same point this morning in an open letter criticising the republican proposal.
contact your representatives now and tell them to reject the false compromise!
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ə sæn ˌhoʊˈzeɪ ˈlɔjər noʊn fər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ˈeɪnʤəlz ɪn ðə saʊθ beɪ həz bɪn ˌɪnˈdaɪtɪd ɔn ˈfɛdərəl ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv əbˈstrəktɪŋ ˈʤəstɪs ənd laɪɪŋ tɪ ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənts əˈbaʊt hɪz roʊl ɪn ˈtɪpɪŋ ɔf ə ˈtərgət əv ə ˈmeɪʤər drəg ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ɪn ˈgɪˌlrɔɪ, əˈlɛʤədli dɪˈskloʊzɪŋ ðə proʊb tɪ ə noʊˈtɔriəs ˈɔfɪsər əv ðə ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪkəl gæŋ hu wɑz ˈleɪtər ʃɑt tɪ dɛθ. ən ˌɪnˈdaɪtmənt ənˈsild ˈfraɪˌdeɪ əˈkjuzɪz ˈkrɪmənəl dɪˈfɛns ˈlɔjər ˈmaɪkəl ˈɛdwərd ˈhɪŋgəl əv rɪˈvilɪŋ ðə drəg ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ɪn 2011 tɪ stiv, ə ˈeɪnʤəlz ˈɔfɪsər hu deɪz ˈleɪtər wɑz gənd daʊn ɪn sæn ˌhoʊˈzeɪ æt ðə fˈjunərəl əv sleɪn ˈeɪnʤəlz ˈlidər ˈʤɛfri ““jethro”*” ˈpɛtɪˌgru. ðə ˌɪnˈdaɪtmənt əˈlɛʤɪz ðət ɔn ɔkt. 13 2011 ˈhɪŋgəl tɪpt ɔf tɪ ðə proʊb tɪ əˈlərt ən ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ““client,”*,” dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə ˈpərsən ˈtɑrgətɪd ɪn ˈgɑrlɪk press,”*,” ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlvd æt list 100 sərʧ ənd ərˈɛst ˈwɔrənts əˈkrɔs ˈsænə ˈklɛrə ˈkaʊnti. ˈfɛdərəl ənd steɪt ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ˌɪnˈdaɪtɪd ˈdəzənz əv ˈpipəl ɪn ðə keɪs, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˈvaɪələnt gæŋ ˈmɛmbərz lɪŋkt tɪ gən ənd ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəmin ˈtræfɪkɪŋ. beɪst ɔn ˈfɛdərəl prosecutors’*’ ˈtaɪmlaɪn, ðə wɑz ʃɑt tɪ dɛθ ˈdʊrɪŋ ə faɪt æt fˈjunərəl tu deɪz ˈæftər ˈhɪŋgəl tɪpt ɪm ɔf. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ðə drəg proʊb wɑz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ sleɪɪŋ; ˈeɪnʤəlz ˈmɛmbər ˈstivən ruiz wɑz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ðə sleɪɪŋ ˈæftər ɪˈludɪŋ ˈkæpʧər fər mənθs. ˈhɪŋgəl ˈplidɪd nɑt ˈgɪlti ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ɪn sæn ˌhoʊˈzeɪ ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt, ənd juz. ˈmæʤɪˌstreɪt ʤəʤ pɔl gruəl sɛt hɪz beɪl æt əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ kɔrt ˈrɛkərdz. ðə ˌɪnˈdaɪtmənt əˈlɛʤɪz ðət ˈæftər ˈhɪŋgəl wɔrnd əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən, ðə gæŋ ˈmɛmbər tɪpt ɔf frɛndz əv ðə ““client,”*,” ˈivɪn ˈsɛndɪŋ ə tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤ ˈwɔrnɪŋ əv ˈɪmənənt ərˈɛsts ɪn ðə drəg proʊb. ˈhɪŋgəl ɪz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ kənˈspɪrəsi ənd əbˈstrəkʃən əv ˈʤəstɪs fər dɪˈskloʊzɪŋ ə ˈsikrɪt grænd ˈʤʊri ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ˈfɛdərəl lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əˈfɪʃəlz bɪˈgæn ˈproʊbɪŋ roʊl ɪn mɑrʧ 2012 ənd ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ əˈfɪʃəlz kˈwɛsʧənd ɪm æt hɪz sæn ˌhoʊˈzeɪ lɔ ˈɔfəs ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈdaɪtmənt. ˈhɪŋgəl ɪz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ θri kaʊnts əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ fɔls ˈsteɪtmənts tɪ ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənts ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈɪntərvˌju. ˈmɛri ˈmæknəˌmɛrə, ˈlɔjər, kʊd nɑt bi riʧt fər ˈkɑmɛnt ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ðə steɪt bɑr əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ɪn 2004 ˈdɪsəplənd ˈhɪŋgəl wɪθ ə ˈpraɪvət ˈrɛprəˌmænd fər ˌəndɪˈskloʊzd ˈrizənz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ bɑr ˈrɛkərdz. ˈhɪŋgəl ˈfeɪsɪz ðə lɔs əv hɪz lɔ ˈlaɪsəns ɪf kənˈvɪktəd əv ðə ˈfɛləni ˈʧɑrʤɪz, wɪʧ ɪkˈspoʊz ɪm tɪ jɪrz ɪn ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɪzən. haʊərd mɪnts ˈkəvərz ˈligəl əˈfɛrz. ˈkɑnˌtækt ɪm æt ər ˈfɑloʊ ɪm æt
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a san jose lawyer known for representing hells angels in the south bay has been indicted on federal charges of obstructing justice and lying to federal agents about his role in tipping off a target of a major drug investigation in gilroy, allegedly disclosing the probe to a notorious officer of the motorcycle gang who was later shot to death.
an indictment unsealed friday accuses criminal defense lawyer michael edward hingle of revealing the drug investigation in 2011 to steve tausan, a hells angels officer who days later was gunned down in san jose at the funeral of slain hells angels leader jeffrey “jethro” pettigrew.
the indictment alleges that on oct. 13, 2011, hingle tipped off tausan to the probe to alert an unidentified “client,” described as a person targeted in “operation garlic press,” an investigation that involved at least 100 search and arrest warrants across santa clara county. federal and state prosecutors indicted dozens of people in the case, which involved violent gilroy-based gang members linked to gun and methamphetamine trafficking.
based on federal prosecutors’ timeline, the 52-year-old tausan was shot to death during a fight at pettigrew’s funeral two days after hingle tipped him off. there is no indication the drug probe was related to tausan’s slaying; hells angels member steven ruiz was charged with the slaying after eluding capture for months.
hingle pleaded not guilty friday in san jose federal court, and u.s. magistrate judge paul grewal set his bail at $100,000, according to court records.
the indictment alleges that after hingle warned tausan about the operation, the gang member tipped off friends of the “client,” even sending a text message warning of imminent arrests in the drug probe. hingle is charged with conspiracy and obstruction of justice for disclosing a secret grand jury investigation.
federal law enforcement officials began probing hingle’s role in march 2012, and fbi officials questioned him at his san jose law office in september, according to the indictment. hingle is charged with three counts of making false statements to federal agents as a result of the fbi interview.
mary mcnamara, hingle’s lawyer, could not be reached for comment friday.
the state bar of california in 2004 disciplined hingle with a private reprimand for undisclosed reasons, according to bar records. hingle faces the loss of his law license if convicted of the felony charges, which expose him to years in federal prison.
howard mintz covers legal affairs. contact him at 408-286-0236 or follow him at twitter.com/hmintz
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kloʊz hɪrz ə ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn əv ðə ˈstɔriz raɪt naʊ æt www.democratandchronicle.com*. vərˈʤɪnjə ˈbətlər ðə stæmp ˈɑnərɪŋ ˈrɑbərt ʃoʊz ɪm ˈsaɪnɪŋ ðə wərd "rɪˈspɛkt." (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: juz. ˈpoʊstəl ˈsərvɪs) ˈrɑbərt, hu wɑz ðə fərst dɛf ˈfækəlti ˈmɛmbər æt ˈrɑˌʧɛstər ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ðə dɛf, nu noʊ ˈlɪmɪts fər wət ə dɛf ˈpərsən kʊd əˈkɑmplɪʃ. ɛz ə ˈtrɪbjut tɪ hɪz əˈʧivmənts, wɪl bi ˈɑnərd ɔn ə nu juz. ˈpoʊstɪʤ stæmp ʃoʊɪŋ ɪm ˈsaɪnɪŋ ðə wərd "rɪˈspɛkt." ɪz ˈhoʊldɪŋ ə ˌdɛdəˈkeɪʃən ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni æt 10 a.m*. ˈtuzˌdeɪ., hu daɪd ɪn 2014 æt eɪʤ 94 ʤɔɪnd ðə ˈfækəlti ɪn 1967 ənd fər tu ˈdɛkeɪdz wɑz ən ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃənəl ənd ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtər, ɛz hi hæd bɪn ˈpriviəsli æt ˈgælədɛt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. "ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈtiʧɪŋ kərɪr, ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz əv ˈstudənts wɪθ hɪz ˈpaʊərfəl juz əv əˈmɛrɪkən saɪn ˈlæŋgwɪʤ," sɛd ðə ˈpoʊstəl ˈsərvɪs, ɪn ɪts noʊˈvɛmbər əˈnaʊnsmɛnt ðət ðə nu stæmp ˈfiʧərɪŋ wɪl bi pɑrt əv ðə dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈsɪriz. ðə stæmp wɑz dɪˈzaɪnd baɪ ˈɛθəl ˈkɛslər, ɑrt dɪˈrɛktər fər ðə ˈpoʊstəl ˈsərvɪs, ənd beɪst ɔn ən ˈɪmɪʤ ˈteɪkən baɪ fəˈtɑgrəfər mɑrk ˈbɛnʤəmən. sən, ʤɑn, hu ɪz ən ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˌɪnˈstrəktər æt, sɛnt ən iˈmeɪl tɪ ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˈæftər ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt seɪɪŋ ðət ðə "ˈpɪkʧər ɔn ðə stæmp ɪz wən ðət ju ˈsərtənli ər fəˈmɪljər wɪθ, fər ɪt həz bɪn sin ˈɔfən əraʊnd ˈkæmpəs ðə læst fju jɪrz, ɪn ˈɔfəsɪz ənd ɔn ˈhɔlˌweɪ wɔlz." ˈbɛnʤəmənz ˈfoʊtəˌgræf əv hɪz ˈfɑðər ˈsaɪnɪŋ ðə wərd "rɪˈspɛkt," ʤɑn ˈædɪd, ɪz ə "θim ðət wɪl 'rɪŋ aʊt laʊd ənd fri' (tɪ ˈbɑˌroʊ ə laɪn frəm maɪ dædz ˈfeɪməs poʊəm) ˈɛvəri taɪm ðə stæmp ɪz pleɪst ɔn ən ˈɛnvəˌloʊp!" ʤɑn sɛd ðət wɪn hi rɪˈsivd ən iˈmeɪl ə jɪr əˈgoʊ ˈtɛlɪŋ ɪm ðət ðə ˈpoʊstəl ˈsərvɪsɪz stæmp ædˈvaɪzəri kəˈmɪti hæd ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ðə ˈɪʃuəns əv ə stæmp əv hɪz ˈfɑðər, hi rɛd ðə iˈmeɪl ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn tɪ meɪk ʃʊr hi ˈwəzənt ˈdrimɪŋ. ˈhɛri læŋ, ə prəˈfɛsər ɪˈmɛrətəs æt ənd ˈɔθər əv ˈtiʧɪŋ frəm ðə hɑrt ənd soʊl: ðə ˈrɑbərt ɛf. ˈstɔri, ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk: "wət ə nis ˌθæŋksˈgɪvɪŋ ˈprɛzənt! bɑb ɪz ˈsərtənli ˈlʊkɪŋ daʊn wɪθ hɪz ˈfeɪməs smaɪl raɪt naʊ." læŋ, hu wɑz ən ædˈvaɪzər tɪ ðə ˈpoʊstəl ˈsərvɪs ɔn ðə stæmp, ˈnoʊtɪd ɪn ðə ˈfɔrˌwərd tɪ hɪz baɪˈɑgrəfi ðət ðə ˈsinjər wɑz ə poʊət, ˈɔθər, ˈlɛkʧərər ənd ˈθieɪtər əˌfiʃjəˈnɑˌdoʊ. ˈnuzˌlɛtərz gɪt ðə ˈnuzˌlɛtər dɪˈlɪvərd tɪ jʊr wɪr ˈsɑri, bət ˈsəmθɪŋ wɛnt rɔŋ ˈrɑˌʧɛstər ɪn 60 ˈsɛkəndz: gɪt ɔl ðə nuz ju nid tɪ noʊ ɪn lɛs ðən ə ˈmɪnət. pliz traɪ əˈgɛn sun, ər ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈkəstəmər ˈsərvɪs æt dɪˈlɪvəri: ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs θæŋk ju! jʊr ˈɔlˌmoʊst saɪnd əp fər kip ən aɪ aʊt fər ən iˈmeɪl tɪ kənˈfərm jʊr ˈnuzˌlɛtər ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən. mɔr ˈnuzˌlɛtərz, læŋ roʊt, wɑz ˈlɑrʤli æt ə taɪm əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃənz wər nɑt əˈveɪləbəl fər dɛf ˈʧɪldrən. "hi wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈməŋ ðə fərst weɪv əv dɛf ˈskɑlərz ɪn ðə tˈwɛnˌtiɛθ ˈsɛnʧəri, ənd ə ˌpaɪəˈnɪr ɪn ðə fild əv dɛf ˈstədiz," læŋ ˈnoʊtɪd. poʊəm "ɔn hɪz ˈdɛfnəs," ˈrɪtən ɪn 1946 həz bɪn riˈprɪntɪd ˈmɛni taɪmz ənd wən fərst praɪz ɪn ðə wərld əv ˈpoʊətri ˈkɑntɛst ɪn 1988 læŋ, ɪn hɪz baɪˈɑgrəfi əv, sɛd ðə poʊəm ɪz əˈbaʊt "haʊ dɛf ˈpipəl kən 'hir' wɪθ ən 'ˈɪnər ɪr' əv ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən." baɪ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈrɑbərt (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: faɪl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ) ˈæftər lɔst hɪz ˈhirɪŋ frəm ˈspaɪnəl ˌmɛnənˈʤaɪtəs æt ðə eɪʤ əv 10 hɪz ˈpɛrənts hæd ə ˈneɪbər teɪk ɪm tɪ ə nu jɔrk ˈjæŋkiz geɪm ɪn ðə hoʊp ðət hi wʊd mit beɪb ruθ ənd ðə ɪkˈsaɪtmənt maɪt rɪˈstɔr hɪz ˈhirɪŋ. ˌɔlˈðoʊ dɪd mit ruθ, ðə θrɪl ˈdɪdənt rɪˈstɔr hɪz ˈhirɪŋ. bɪˈkeɪm soʊ skɪld æt lɪp ˈrɛdɪŋ ðət ɪn 1957 hi pleɪd ə ki roʊl ɪn ə ˌʤərnəˈlɪstɪk fit baɪ laɪf ˈmægəˌzin wət həz bɪn kɔld ə rɔɪəl skup. ˈɪŋgləndz kwin ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ meɪd hər fərst ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ðət jɪr, ənd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ si ən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfʊtˌbɔl geɪm soʊ ʃi əˈtɛndəd ðə mæʧ bɪtˈwin ˈmɛrələnd ənd nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɛrələnd æt ˈkɑlɪʤ pɑrk. ðə kwin sæt ɪn ə bɑks sit fɑr əˈweɪ frəm ˈɛni rɪˈpɔrtərz. bət ðə nɛkst ˈɪʃu əv laɪf ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə lɔt əv ˈkɑmɛnts ðət ðə kwin hæd meɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə geɪm ənd dɪd soʊ ˈjuzɪŋ kəmˈplit kwoʊts. ɛz ɪt tərnd aʊt, laɪf hæd rɪˈteɪnd, hu wɑz ðɛn ˈtiʧɪŋ æt ˈgælədɛt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. ˌənbɪˈnoʊn tɪ ðə kwin,, wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ə ˈgælədɛt ˈstudənt hu wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ən əˈkɑmplɪʃt lɪp ˈridər, wɔʧt ðə kwinz lɪps θru ˌhaɪˈpaʊərd bəˈnɑkjələrz frəm ə ˈskæfəldɪŋ bɪlt 200 jɑrdz əˈweɪ. ˈpitər bi. taʊb, hu wɑz ə ˈkɑləmnəst fər ðə ˈgænɪt ˌæftərˈnun ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ɪn ˈrɑˌʧɛstər, ðə times-union*, ˈleɪtər roʊt: "ɛz ðə kwin spoʊk, ðeɪ ˈriˌleɪd hər wərdz tɪ laɪf rɪˈpɔrtərz ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈnɪrˈbaɪ hu rɪˈpitɪd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ fər ə teɪp rɪˈkɔrdər." bɔrn ɪn ðə brɑŋks bəroʊ əv nu jɔrk ˈsɪti, bɪˈkeɪm ə vɔˈreɪʃəs ˈridər ˈæftər hi lɔst hɪz ˈhirɪŋ bɪˈkəz hi hæd noʊ ˌɪnˈtərprətərz ər noʊt ˈteɪkərz əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ɪm. hi ˈdɪdənt lərn əˈmɛrɪkən saɪn ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ənˈtɪl ˈæftər hi hæd ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd haɪ skul ənd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ əˈtɛnd ˈgælədɛt. ˈæftər ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪŋ frəm ˈgælədɛt ɪn 1945 tɔt æt ðə nu jɔrk skul fər ðə dɛf ɪn waɪt pleɪnz. waɪl ˈtiʧɪŋ, ərnd hɪz ˈmæstərz ɪn ˈɪŋlɪʃ frəm nu jɔrk ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ɪn 1949 ʤɔɪnd ðə ˈfækəlti æt ˈgælədɛt, wɛr hi tɔt ˈɪŋlɪʃ. ɪn 1965 sərvd ɔn ən ædˈvaɪzəri bɔrd ðət lɛd tɪ ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv æt. hi ʤɔɪnd ðə ˈfækəlti ɪn 1967 hɛlpt kriˈeɪt ðə kərˈɪkjələm ənd wɑz ˌɪnstrəˈmɛnəl ɪn kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ dɪˈpɑrtmənt, wɛr hi tɔt. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 1960s*, wɑz ə ˈfaʊndər əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈθiətər əv ðə dɛf, beɪst ɪn kəˈnɛtəkət. hi tɔt ˈwərkˌʃɑps ðɛr ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsəmər. ðə grups pərˈfɔrmənsɪz ˈpɑpjələrˌaɪzd əˈmɛrɪkən saɪn ˈlæŋgwɪʤ. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfaʊndɪd ðə ˈdrɑmə kləb ənd wɑz noʊn fər hɪz ˈkɔrsɪz ɔn ˈʃeɪkˌspir, ənd dɛf ˈkɛrɪktərz ɪn ˈfɪkʃən ənd ˈdrɑmə ðət brɔt ˈlɪtərəʧər ənd ˈpoʊətri tɪ laɪf. wɪn rɪˈtaɪrd, neɪmd ɪts pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ɑrts ˈθieɪtər ɪn hɪz ˈɑnər. roʊt ə kəˈlɛkʃən əv poʊəmz, ɔn hɪz ˈdɛfnəs ənd ˈəðər ˈmɛlədiz ənˈhərd, ənd greɪt dɛf əˈmɛrɪkənz. ɪn ə ˈtrɪbjut tɪ əˈpɑn hɪz dɛθ tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ˈgælədɛt sɛd ðət ɛz ə ˈstudənt ðɛr hi roʊt ˈsɛvərəl ˈpeɪpərz əˈbaʊt dɛf ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ðət sɛd ˈtiʧɪŋ "kəmz frəm ðə hɑrt ənd soʊl." brɔd ˈɪntərɪsts ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə ˈfɑndnəs fər ðə ˈrɑˌʧɛstər rɛd wɪŋz. læŋ ˈnoʊtɪd ðət hi ənd ˈævrɪʤd əˈbaʊt 30 ˈbeɪsˈbɔl geɪmz iʧ ˈsəmər. "wɪn bɑb pæst, ðɛr wɑz ə ˈmoʊmənt əv ˈsaɪləns æt frənˈtɪr fild fər ɪm," sɛd læŋ. læŋ, hu wərkt wɪθ æt, ˈɔfən sɔ ɪm ˌɪnˈspaɪr ˈstudənts baɪ ˈtɛlɪŋ ðɛm tɪ "du ˈsəmθɪŋ wɪθ ðɛr laɪf ðət wɪl bi rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ ənd ˈsætɪsˌfaɪɪŋ." ɪn ˈsteɪtmənt əˈnaʊnsɪŋ wɪl bi ɔn ə stæmp, ʤərɑrd ʤeɪ. ˈbəkli, ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd din, sɛd, ənd ðə ɪnˈtaɪər dɛf kəmˈjunɪti ɪz ˈʤəstəˌfaɪəbli praʊd ðət bɑb ɪz biɪŋ ˈɑnərd ɪn səʧ ə ˈminɪŋfəl weɪ." kɑm rɛd ər ʃɛr ðɪs ˈstɔri:
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close here's a breakdown of the stories right now at www.democratandchronicle.com. virginia butler
the stamp honoring robert panara shows him signing the word "respect." (photo: u.s. postal service)
robert panara, who was the first deaf faculty member at rochester institute of technology's national institute for the deaf, knew no limits for what a deaf person could accomplish.
as a tribute to his achievements, panara will be honored on a new u.s. postage stamp showing him signing the word "respect."
rit is holding a first-day-of-issue dedication ceremony at 10 a.m. tuesday.
panara, who died in 2014 at age 94, joined the ntid faculty in 1967 and for two decades was an inspirational and innovative educator, as he had been previously at gallaudet university in washington, d.c.
"during his 40-year teaching career, panara inspired generations of students with his powerful use of american sign language," said the postal service, in its november announcement that the new stamp featuring panara will be part of the distinguished americans series.
the stamp was designed by ethel kessler, art director for the postal service, and based on an image taken by rit/ntid photographer mark benjamin.
panara's son, john, who is an english instructor at ntid, sent an email to the ntid community after the announcement saying that the "picture on the stamp is one that you certainly are familiar with, for it has been seen often around campus the last few years, in offices and on hallway walls."
benjamin's photograph of his father signing the word "respect," john panara added, is a "theme that will 'ring out loud and free' (to borrow a line from my dad's famous poem) every time the stamp is placed on an envelope!"
john panara said that when he received an email a year ago telling him that the postal service's stamp advisory committee had recommended the issuance of a stamp of his father, he read the email over and over again to make sure he wasn't dreaming.
harry lang, a professor emeritus at ntid and author of teaching from the heart and soul: the robert f. panara story, posted on facebook: "what a nice thanksgiving present! bob is certainly looking down with his famous smile right now."
lang, who was an adviser to the postal service on the stamp, noted in the foreword to his biography that the senior panara was a poet, author, lecturer and theater aficionado.
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panara, lang wrote, was largely self-educated at a time accommodations were not available for deaf children.
"he was also among the first wave of deaf scholars in the twentieth century, and a pioneer in the field of deaf studies," lang noted.
panara's poem "on his deafness," written in 1946, has been reprinted many times and won first prize in the world of poetry contest in 1988. lang, in his biography of panara, said the poem is about "how deaf people can 'hear' with an 'inner ear' of imagination."
buy photo robert panara (photo: file photo)
after panara lost his hearing from spinal meningitis at the age of 10, his parents had a neighbor take him to a new york yankees game in the hope that he would meet babe ruth — and the excitement might restore his hearing. although panara did meet ruth, the thrill didn't restore his hearing.
panara became so skilled at lip reading that in 1957 he played a key role in a journalistic feat by life magazine — what has been called a royal scoop.
england's queen elizabeth made her first visit to the united states that year, and wanted to see an american football game — so she attended the match between maryland and north carolina at the university of maryland at college park.
the queen sat in a 50-yard-line box seat — far away from any reporters.
but the next issue of life included a lot of comments that the queen had made during the game and did so using complete quotes.
as it turned out, life had retained panara, who was then teaching at gallaudet university in washington, d.c. unbeknown to the queen, panara, with the help of a gallaudet student who was also an accomplished lip reader, watched the queen's lips through high-powered binoculars from a scaffolding built 200 yards away.
peter b. taub, who was a columnist for the gannett afternoon newspaper in rochester, the times-union, later wrote: "as the queen spoke, they relayed her words to life reporters sitting nearby who repeated everything for a tape recorder."
born in the bronx borough of new york city, panara became a voracious reader after he lost his hearing because he had no interpreters or note takers available to him. he didn't learn american sign language until after he had graduated high school and wanted to attend gallaudet.
after graduating from gallaudet in 1945, panara taught at the new york school for the deaf in white plains. while teaching, panara earned his master's in english from new york university.
in 1949, panara joined the faculty at gallaudet, where he taught english. in 1965, panara served on an advisory board that led to the establishment of ntid at rit. he joined the rit faculty in 1967.
panara helped create the curriculum and was instrumental in creating the english department, where he taught.
during the 1960s, panara was a founder of the national theatre of the deaf, based in connecticut. he taught workshops there during the summer. the group's performances popularized american sign language.
he also founded the drama club and was known for his courses on shakespeare, and deaf characters in fiction and drama that brought literature and poetry to life. when panara retired, ntid named its performing arts theater in his honor.
panara wrote a collection of poems, on his deafness and other melodies unheard, and co-authored great deaf americans.
in a tribute to panara upon his death two years ago, gallaudet said that as a student there he wrote several papers about deaf education that said teaching "comes from the heart and soul."
panara's broad interests included a fondness for the rochester red wings.
lang noted that he and panara averaged about 30 baseball games each summer.
"when bob passed, there was a moment of silence at frontier field for him," said lang.
lang, who worked with panara at ntid, often saw him inspire students by telling them to "do something with their life that will be rewarding and satisfying."
in rit's statement announcing panara will be on a stamp, gerard j. buckley, ntid president and rit vice president and dean, said, "rit/ntid and the entire deaf community is justifiably proud that bob is being honored in such a meaningful way."
jgoodman@gannett com
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ɪn ˈɑnər əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈspɛlɪŋ bi, ənd ɪts ˌɪmˈpɛndɪŋ ˈfɔrˌmæt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, lɛts stɑrt ðɪs ˈstɔri ðɪs weɪ: flaɪɪŋ skwərəl; ɛn: 1 ə ˈwʊˌdlændz ˈroʊdənt ðət lips bɪtˈwin triz æt ə ˈdɪstəns ðət meɪks ɪt əˈpɪr tɪ flaɪ; 2 juz. oʊˈlɪmpɪk goʊld ˈmɛdəl ˈʤɪmnəst ˈgæbi ˈdəgləs; 3 juz. oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˌgrɛkoʊˈroʊmən ˈrɛsələr ˈɛlɪs ˈkoʊlmən; 4 ðə ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl, ˈrɛsəlɪŋ muv ju si əˈbəv. skroʊl tɪ kənˈtɪnju wɪθ ˈkɑntɛnt æd ðət flɪp tərn, ˈleɪdiz ənd ˈʤɛnəlmɪn, ɪz wən fænˈtæstɪk 'flaɪɪŋ skwərəl'. ˈivɪn mɔr ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli, ɪt keɪm ɪn ðə moʊst drəˈmætɪk ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ˈpɑsəbəl: ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪnəl 10 ˈsɛkəndz əv ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp mæʧ, wɪθ ðə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈrɛsələr ˌʧiktəˈwɑgə (n.y*.) haɪ stɑr rɛˈnɑldoʊ ˈnidɪŋ ðə pɔɪnts hi skɔrd wɪθ ðə muv tɪ ɪˈskeɪp wɪθ ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈtaɪtəl. ɛz ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ ðə ˈbəfəˌloʊ nuz, wɑz ɪn ðə θərd ˈpɪriəd əv ə ˈʤunjər klæs baʊt əˈgɛnst ə ˈmɛrələnd ˈrɛsələr neɪmd ˈælfrɪd ˈbænɪstər ənd wɑz ˈtreɪlɪŋ baɪ ə skɔr əv hi ˈnidɪd tu pɔɪnts tɪ ərn ə ˈvɪktəri wɪʧ wʊd lænd ɪm ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈʤunjər klæs ˈtaɪtəl ɪn hɪz weɪt klæs, ənd hi wɑz ˈrənɪŋ aʊt əv taɪm. ˈfaɪnəli, ɛz ðə kɔld aʊt ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ, wɑz fɔrst ˈɪntu ˈækʃən. hi lɔnʧt ˈɪntu ðə muv, ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd ɪt tɪ pərˈfɛkʃən ənd lɛft ˈbænɪstər kəmˈplitli stənd baɪ ðə ˈsədən tərn əv ɪˈvɛnts. ɛz wən maɪt ɪkˈspɛkt, ðə ˈplɔdɪts fər ˈbreɪvəri fər ˈivɪn traɪɪŋ ðə muv ənd hɪz ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən əv ɪt keɪm ɪn fæst ənd fˈjʊriəs, ənd hi wɑz ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈɑnərd ɛz ðə moʊst ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ˈrɛsələr fər ðə ˈʤunjər mit æt ðə ˈnæʃənəl haɪ skul ˈkoʊʧɪz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ˈrɛsəlɪŋ ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps. ˈgɪvɪn ðət muv, ɪts noʊ ˈwəndər. wɔnt mɔr ɔn ðə bɛst ˈstɔriz ɪn haɪ skul spɔrts? ˈvɪzɪt ər kəˈnɛkt wɪθ prɛp ˈræli ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn tˈwɪtər.
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in honor of the national spelling bee, and its impending format changes, let's start this story this way:
flying squirrel; n: 1) a woodlands rodent that leaps between trees at a distance that makes it appear to fly; 2) u.s. olympic gold medal gymnast gabby douglas; 3) u.s. olympic greco-roman wrestler ellis coleman; 4) the incredible, awe-inspiring wrestling move you see above.
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that flip turn, ladies and gentlemen, is one fantastic 'flying squirrel'. even more incredibly, it came in the most dramatic circumstances possible: during the final 10 seconds of a national championship match, with the successful wrestler -- cheektowaga (n.y.) high star renaldo rodriguez-spencer -- needing the points he scored with the move to escape with a national title.
as reported by the buffalo news, rodriguez-spencer was in the third period of a junior 138-pound class bout against a maryland wrestler named alfred bannister and was trailing by a score of 4-3. he needed two points to earn a victory which would land him a national junior class title in his weight class, and he was running out of time.
finally, as the timekeeper called out the 10-second warning, rodriguez-spencer was forced into action. he launched into the forward-flipping move, executed it to perfection and left bannister completely stunned by the sudden turn of events.
as one might expect, the plaudits for rodriguez-spencer's bravery for even trying the move and his execution of it came in fast and furious, and he was eventually honored as the most outstanding wrestler for the junior meet at the national high school coaches association wrestling championships.
given that move, it's no wonder.
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əˈmɛrɪkə ɪz æt ə ˈtərnɪŋ pɔɪnt, wɪθ ˈfɔrsɪz naʊ ˈfɔrmɪŋ ən əˈlaɪəns tɪ traɪ ənd riˈmuv ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp frəm ˈɔfəs. ɪts ðət ˈsɪriəs. hir ər ðə faɪv ˈdeɪnʤərz feɪst baɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp, ənd ˌɪnˈdid ɔl əˈmɛrɪkənz: ðə alt-left*,, ˌprɑpəˈgændə ˈmidiə ðət həz bɪn laɪɪŋ tɪ əˈmɛrɪkə fər 11 mənθs ˌnɑnˈstɑp. ðeɪ pʊʃ ðɛr kəˈluʒən ˈθɪri, dɪˈspaɪt noʊ ˈɛvədəns ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər. ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld dip steɪt, ɪnˈtrɛnʧt ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈbjʊrəˌkræts ənd ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈlɔɪəlɪsts hu səˈlɛktɪvli lik ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ ˈdæmɪʤ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ˈɛniˌwən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ɪm. ˈspɛʃəl ˈkaʊnsəl ˈrɑbərt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, wɪʧ ˈmɪʃən krip həz trænsˈfɔrmd ˈɪntu ən out-of-control*, pəˈlɪtɪkəl wɪʧ hənt. ðə ˈkjumjələtɪv ˈifɛkt əv ɔl ðɪs ˌmænjəˈfækʧərd ˈtərˌmɔɪl. ɪt ɪz ˈpʊtɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmps əˈʤɛndə ɪn ˈʤɛpərdi, wɪʧ ɛndz əp dɪˈrɛkli ˌɪmˈpæktɪŋ ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs. ən ˈɔˈlaʊt ˈɛfərt tɪ ˈoʊvərˌraɪd ðə wɪl əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl ənd ʧeɪnʤ ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən. ðɪs ɪz naʊ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkraɪsəs. ɔl faɪv ˈfæktərz rɪˈlaɪ ˈhɛvəli ɔn ðə ˈmidiə rɪˈlɛntləsli ˈpɛdəlɪŋ wən əv ðə ˈbɪgəst laɪz ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri, ðət ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt kəˈludɪd wɪθ ðə ˈrəʃənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 2016 ɪˈlɛkʃən. ðiz ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈʤərnəlɪsts ər ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ˈaɪdiəlɔgz wɪθ ˈmidiə ˈmɛgəˌfoʊnz. rɪˈmɛmbər, ðɛr ðə wənz ðət kəˈludɪd wɪθ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ɪn ðə 2016 ɪˈlɛkʃən, ə fækt ɪkˈspoʊzd baɪ wikileaks*. ðə ˈmidiə ər nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli wənz huz kəˈluʒən ˈnɛrətɪv həz kəmˈplitli ˈkrəmbəld. hir ər səm ˈrisənt kwoʊts frəm ki ˈdɛməˌkræts ədˈmɪtɪŋ ðɛr there.”*.” ˌæləˈgeɪʃən, əv kɔrs, ɪz ðət ðə ˈrəʃənz ənd ðə ˈhækɪŋ ənd ˈdəmpɪŋ əv ˈdɑkjəmənts ɪn ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən hæd ɛˈsɛnʃəli riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ trəmp kæmˈpeɪn people…*… bət əm nɑt priˈpɛrd tɪ seɪ ðət ðɛrz pruf ju kʊd teɪk tɪ ə jury,”*,” rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ˈædəm ʃɪf, d-calif*., toʊld ʤɔrʤ ˌstɛfəˈnɑpələs. sɛn. ʤoʊ manchin*, d-w*. va*., meɪd ə ˈsɪmələr ˈkɑmɛnt: noʊ, wi ˈhævənt sin ˈɛni əv ðət ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər, ʤɔrʤ. wiv bɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ ənd ʃoʊɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðət ðeɪ ˈpɑsəbli have,”*,” hi sɛd. həz nɑt lɛd tɪ that.”*.” ðə nɛkst θrɛt, ənd pərˈhæps ðə moʊst ˈdeɪnʤərəs, ɪz ðə dip steɪt. ðət ɪz ðə ˌənɪˈlɛktɪd fɔrθ brænʧ əv ˈgəvərnmənt, kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv ə lɔt əv ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈhoʊlˌdoʊvərz, ˈbjʊrəˌkræts hu naʊ ər ruˈtinli ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt, hɪz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən wɪθ səˈlɛktɪv ˈlikɪŋ. ðɪs dip steɪt wərks ˈkloʊsli wɪθ ðə ˈmidiə tɪ dɪˈsɛməˌneɪt fɔls ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd hɪz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ənd wəts ˈivɪn mɔr ˈdeɪnʤərəs, mɔr ˈsɪnɪstər əˈbaʊt ðə dip steɪt ɪz ðət ðɛr ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ breɪk ðə lɔ baɪ ˈlikɪŋ ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ʤɪst æsk ʤɛn. ˈmaɪkəl flɪn, hu wɑz spaɪd ɔn, ənˈmæskt ənd ruɪnd baɪ ðə dip steɪt. ðə moʊst ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈdɛnəzən əv ðə dip steɪt meɪ bi faɪərd ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ dɪˈrɛktər ʤeɪmz comey*. hi ədˈmɪtəd ˈəndər oʊθ hi hæd hɪz ˈmɛˌmoʊ likt tɪ ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz. hɪz goʊl? hi ˈwɔntɪd ðə əˈpɔɪntmənt əv ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈkaʊnsəl. ðə dip steɪt əˈblaɪʤd, wəns ɪt gɑt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ʤɛf ˈsɛʃənz tɪ ˌrɪˈkjuz hɪmˈsɛlf aʊt əv ðɛr weɪ. ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ɪz kˈwɪkli ˈspaɪrəlɪŋ aʊt əv kənˈtroʊl. ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp wɑz raɪt wɪn hi kɔld ɪt ðə ˈgreɪtəst pəˈlɪtɪkəl wɪʧ hənt ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri. soʊl ˈpərpəs wɑz tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ˈsoʊˈkɔld kəˈluʒən, bət naʊ hi ɪz ˈdɪgɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz, ˈʤɛrɪd ˈkəʃnər ənd əbˈstrəkʃən əv ˈʤəstɪs. ənd hiz nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ stɑp ðɛr. waɪ? bɪˈkəz ðɛr ɪz noʊ kəˈluʒən. hi həz tɪ muv ɔn tɪ ˈəðər θɪŋz tɪ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ hɪz ʤɑb. mˈjulər həz ˈmæsɪv ˈkɑnflɪkts əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ˈkɑnflɪkts əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ʃʊd ˌrɪˈkjuz hɪmˈsɛlf. hiz ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈkɛriɪŋ aʊt ə fɛr ənd ˌɪmˈpɑrʃəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən fər ˈsɛvərəl ˈrizənz, nɑt ðə list əv wɪʧ ɪz hiz bɛst frɛndz wɪθ ʤeɪmz comey*. ənd ðɛn ðɛrz ðə fækt ðət ˈmɛmbərz əv ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪv tim, ˈlɔjərz hu ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd bɪg, bɪg bəks tɪ ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən. wən əv ðə ˈlɔjərz mˈjulər həz haɪərd wɑz ˈklɪntənz əˈtərni æt ðə ˈklɪntən faʊnˈdeɪʃən! ðə ˈlɔŋgər ðiz əˈtæks kənˈtɪnju, ðə ˈlɔŋgər ɪt wɪl teɪk fər ju, ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl, tɪ ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm wət frəm wət ju ˈvoʊtɪd fər, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənts ˈpɑləsiz ənd əˈʤɛndə. ɔl əv ðɪs ɪz naʊ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈvɛri klɪr, ˈprɛzənt ˈdeɪnʤər tɪ ðə ˈkəntri. ðə lɛft ɪz ˈsəfərɪŋ wɛl bɪɔnd trəmp ˈsɪnˌdroʊm. ɪts kəmˈplitli ənˈhɪnʤd. ðɪs ɪz naʊ ˈriʧɪŋ ə pɔɪnt əv noʊ rɪˈtərn. ɪts bɪɔnd ˈsɪriəs. ɪf ðiz ˈfɔrsɪz ər səkˈsɛsfəl, ðɪs ˈkəntri wɪl nɑt sərˈvaɪv. ɪf ðeɪ kənˈtɪnju wɪθ laɪz, ˌprɑpəˈgændə, ˌmɪsɪnfərˈmeɪʃən ənd ˈaʊˈtraɪt kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz, wɛr du ðə ˈpipəl goʊ tɪ gɪt ðɛr ˈkəntri bæk? əˈdæptɪd frəm ʃɔn ˈmɑnəˌlɔg ɔn "ˈhænɪti," ʤun 20 2017
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america is at a turning point, with forces now forming an alliance to try and remove president trump from office. it's that serious.
here are the five dangers faced by president trump, and indeed all americans:
the alt-left, destroy-trump, propaganda media that has been lying to america for 11 months nonstop. they push their trump-russia collusion theory, despite no evidence whatsoever.
the so-called deep state, entrenched liberal bureaucrats and obama loyalists who selectively leak information to damage the president and anyone associated with him.
special counsel robert mueller's investigation, which mission creep has transformed into an out-of-control, political witch hunt.
the cumulative effect of all this manufactured turmoil. it is putting president trump's agenda in jeopardy, which ends up directly impacting all of us.
an all-out effort to override the will of the american people and change the results of a presidential election. this is now creating a national security crisis.
all five factors rely heavily on the media relentlessly peddling one of the biggest lies in american history, that the president colluded with the russians during the 2016 election. these so-called journalists are little more than left-wing ideologues with media megaphones. remember, they're the ones that colluded with hillary clinton in the 2016 election, a fact exposed by wikileaks.
the destroy-trump media are not the only ones whose collusion narrative has completely crumbled. here are some recent quotes from key democrats admitting there’s “no there there.”
“the allegation, of course, is that the russians and the hacking and dumping of documents in the election had essentially relationships with trump campaign people… but i'm not prepared to say that there's proof you could take to a jury,” rep. adam schiff, d-calif., told abc’s george stephanopoulos.
sen. joe manchin, d-w. va., made a similar comment: “you know, we haven't seen any of that whatsoever, george. we've been looking and showing everything that they possibly have,” he said. “that has not led to that.”
the next threat, and perhaps the most dangerous, is the deep state. that is the unelected fourth branch of government, consisting of a lot of obama holdovers, anti-trump bureaucrats who now are routinely targeting the president, his administration with selective leaking. this deep state works closely with the destroy-trump media to disseminate false information about the president and his administration. and what's even more dangerous, more sinister about the deep state is that they're willing to break the law by leaking classified information. just ask gen. michael flynn, who was spied on, unmasked and ruined by the deep state.
the most dangerous denizen of the deep state may be fired fbi director james comey. he admitted under oath he had his memo leaked to the new york times. his goal? he wanted the appointment of a special counsel. the deep state obliged, once it got attorney general jeff sessions to recuse himself out of their way.
mueller's investigation is quickly spiraling out of control. president trump was right when he called it the greatest political witch hunt in american history. mueller's sole purpose was to investigate so-called trump-russia collusion, but now he is digging into finances, jared kushner and obstruction of justice. and he's not going to stop there. why? because there is no trump-russia collusion. he has to move on to other things to justify his job.
mueller has massive conflicts of interest conflicts of interest should recuse himself. he's incapable of carrying out a fair and impartial investigation for several reasons, not the least of which is he's best friends with james comey. and then there's the fact that members of mueller's investigative team, lawyers who donated big, big bucks to barack obama and hillary clinton. one of the lawyers mueller has hired was clinton's attorney at the clinton foundation!
the longer these attacks continue, the longer it will take for you, the american people, to benefit from what from what you voted for, the president's policies and agenda. all of this is now creating a very clear, present danger to the country. the left is suffering well beyond trump derangement syndrome. it's completely unhinged.
this is now reaching a point of no return. it's beyond serious. if these forces are successful, this country will not survive. if they continue with lies, propaganda, misinformation and outright conspiracy theories, where do the people go to get their country back?
adapted from sean hannity's monologue on "hannity," june 20, 2017
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ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈmɪnɪstər, ˈkrɪsʧɪn friz bɑk (radikale*), ənd ðə ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈmɪnɪstər, ˈmɔrtən (radikale*) wɔnt tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈskɑlərˌʃɪps fər jəŋ ˈpipəl frəm dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz ɪn ˈeɪʒə ənd ˈæfrɪkɑ soʊ ðət ðeɪ kən rɪˈsiv ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɪn ˈdɛnˌmɑrk. bɑk sɛd ðət hi hoʊps tɪ ˈɔfər ðə əˈsɪstəns tɪ æt list 50 jəŋ ˈpipəl ɛz ˈərli ɛz nɛkst ˈsəmər, wɪθ ən aɪ təˈwɔrdz ɪkˈspænʧən. ər ˈmɛni ˈstudənts ɪn pur ˈkəntriz hu du nɑt gɪt ðə ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ðeɪ drim about,”*,” bɑk sɛd. kən ˈɔfər ðɛm ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ kəm hir ənd ðɛn rɪˈtərn hoʊm ənd pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðɛr society.”*.” bɑk sɛd ðət ðɛr wʊd bi ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɪn ðə fildz əv ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər, ˈwɔtər ənd ˈɛnərʤi. ər ˈɛriəz wi ər gʊd æt ɪn ˈdɛnˌmɑrk, ənd ðə pur ˈkəntriz nid tɪ kriˈeɪt səˈluʃənz ɪn ðoʊz areas,”*,” hi sɛd. bɑk sɛd ðət ðə ˈskɑlərˌʃɪps wʊd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈoʊnli ə smɔl əˈmaʊnt əv ðə ˈfɔrən ɪkˈspɛndɪʧərz ənd ðət ðə plæn wʊd bi ˈfaɪˌnænst θru ðə ˈbəʤɪt. prəˈpoʊzəl wɑz ˈgritɪd wɪθ baɪ maɪ ˈhɛnrɪksən, ðə ˈrisərʧ ˈspoʊkspərsən fər ðə ˈpɑrti, hu ˈdaʊtɪd ðət ɪt wʊd meɪk məʧ ˈdɪfərəns sɪns ðə bɛst ənd ˈbraɪtəst frəm dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz ɔˈrɛdi hæv ˌjunəˈvərsəti dɪˈgriz. ˈrisərʧ ˈspoʊksmən ʤɛnz ˈhɛnrɪk dɑl sɛd ðət ðə ˈfoʊkɪs ʃʊd bi ɔn ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪŋ deɪnz. ˈsteɪtɪd əˈbʤɛktɪv ɪz ðət ɛz ˈmɛni jəŋ deɪnz ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl rɪˈsiv ən ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ənd wi hæv ʤɪst dɪˈskəvərd ðət ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈʧælənʤɪz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðə kˈwɑləti ˈlɛvəl æt ɑr universities,”*,” dɑl sɛd.
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the development minister, christian friis bach (radikale), and the education minister, morten østergaard (radikale) want to provide scholarships for young people from developing countries in asia and africa so that they can receive a university education in denmark.
bach said that he hopes to offer the assistance to at least 50 young people as early as next summer, with an eye towards expansion.
“there are many students in poor countries who do not get the education they dream about,” bach said. “we can offer them the opportunity to come here and then return home and participate in improving their society.”
bach said that there would be a particular focus on providing education in the fields of agriculture, water and energy.
“those are areas we are good at in denmark, and the poor countries need to create solutions in those areas,” he said.
bach said that the scholarships would represent only a small amount of the foreign ministry’s expenditures and that the plan would be financed through the government’s recently-released budget.
bach’s proposal was greeted with scepticism by mai henriksen, the research spokesperson for the konservative party, who doubted that it would make much difference since the best and brightest from developing countries already have university degrees.
dansk folkeparti’s research spokesman jens henrik thulesen dahl said that the focus should be on educating danes.
“the government’s stated objective is that as many young danes as possible receive an education, and we have just discovered that there are many challenges to ensuring the quality level at our nation’s universities,” dahl said.
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ˈlʊkɪŋ fər nuz ju kən trəst? səbˈskraɪb tɪ ɑr fri ˈnuzˌlɛtərz. ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ nu jɔrk taɪmz rɪˈpɔrtərz ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈdɑnəld trəmp brəʃt ɔf kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈkɑnflɪkts əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst. ˈtoʊtəli ɔn maɪ side,”*,” hi sɛd, ˈprɛzɪdənt hæv ə ˈkɑnflɪkt əv interest.”*.” ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈbɪznɪs ˈɛmpaɪər, əv kɔrs, kriˈeɪts ə ˈmɔræs əv ˈɛθɪkəl ˈɪʃuz ðət noʊ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈprɛzɪdənt həz ˈɛvər feɪst. jɛt hi ɪz æt list ˈpɑrtli kərˈɛkt wɪn hi sɪz ðə lɔ ɪz ɪn hɪz ˈkɔrnər. ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt, ənˈlaɪk ˈəðər ˈfɛdərəl ɪmˈplɔɪiz, ɪz nɑt baʊnd baɪ ˈkɑnflɪkt əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst rulz. ən əbˈskjʊr ənd ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl klɔz ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈjuˈɛs əˈfɪʃəlz frəm biɪŋ ˈɪnfluənst baɪ ˈfɔrən ˈgəvərnmənts kʊd əˈplaɪ tɪ trəmp. bət ˈəltəmətli ˈoʊnli ˈkɑŋgrəs kən ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ɪm fər ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ ðɪs ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl prəˈvɪʒən ər hoʊld ɪm əˈkaʊntəbəl fər ˈkɑnflɪkts əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ hɪz ˈbɪznɪs ˈɪntərɪsts. ɛz trəmp muvz ˈkloʊzər tɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ hɪz pleɪs ɪn ðə waɪt haʊs, ðə ˈmægnəˌtud əv hɪz ˈbɪznɪs ɪnˈtæŋgəlmənts həz groʊn ˈoʊnli mɔr ˈdɪziɪŋ. hi oʊz ˈhənərdz əv ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz tɪ ˈfɔrən ˈlɛndərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə bæŋk əv ˈʧaɪnə. hi həz ˈbɪznɪs ˈɪntərɪsts ɪn ˈkəntriz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈtərki, məˈleɪʒə, ˈɪndiə, ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz, ənd ˌɑrʤənˈtinə; ˈoʊvər ðə pæst tu jɪrz, hi həz sɛt əp ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈbɪznɪs ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə ənd ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə. ənd hɪz nu ˌdiˈsi hoʊˈtɛl ˈpoʊzɪz ə ˈdəbəl ˈkɑnflɪkt: nɑt ˈoʊnli du ˈfɔrən ˈdɪgnəˌtɛriz rɪˈpɔrtədli fil kəmˈpɛld tɪ steɪ ðɛr ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈvɪzɪts tɪ ðə ˈkæpɪtəl bət ðə ˈprɑpərti ˌɪtˈsɛlf wɑz list frəm ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt, wɪʧ minz ðət ˈkəmpəˌni meɪ hæv tɪ nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt wɪθ hɪz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. trəmp həz sɛd hi wɪl pleɪs hɪz ˈæˌsɛts ɪn ə trust”*” rən baɪ hɪz ˈʧɪldrən, bət, baɪ ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən, noʊɪŋ hu kənˈtroʊlz ðə ˈæˌsɛts ənd wət ðeɪ ər minz ðɪs ərˈeɪnʤmənt ɪz nɑt ə blaɪnd trəst. ðɛr ər noʊ rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ðət trəmp teɪk ˈɛni stɛps æt ɔl tɪ dɪˈvɛst hɪmˈsɛlf əv hɪz ˈhoʊldɪŋz. bət baɪ trəˈdɪʃən, ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts hæv ˈɔfən ˈhændɪd ðɛr ˈæˌsɛts ˈoʊvər tɪ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt θərd ˈpɑrtiz tɪ ɪz, kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈækʧəwəl blaɪnd rɪˈdus ˈivɪn ðə əˈpɪrəns əv ə ˈkɑnflɪkt. hæv ˈtɪpɪkəli ˈteɪkən stɛps tɪ ˈsaɪloʊ ðiz ˈdɪfərənt ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðɛr lɪvz, bɪˈkəz ðɛr ʃʊd nɑt bi ə daʊt ɪn ðə maɪndz əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpəblɪk ðət ðə ˈlidər əv ðə fri wərld ɪz nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈpʊtɪŋ ˈsərtən ˈɪntərɪsts ˈoʊvər ðə public’s,”*,” ʤɔrʤ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˌjunəˈvərsəti lɔ prəˈfɛsər ˈʤɛsɪkə toʊld ˈməðər ʤoʊnz ðɪs ˈsəmər. wɪn ju ˈteɪkən əˈfərmətɪv stɛps, ɪt livz ən ˈoʊpən question.”*.” ɪf trəmp kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðə əˈpɪrəns ðət hɪz əˈfɪʃəl ˈækʃənz kʊd bi sweɪd baɪ hɪz ˈbɪznɪs ˈɪntərɪsts, ðɛn hi ʃʊd ˈwəri əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˌɪnkˈwaɪəriz ðət kʊd maɪər hɪz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪn ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi, seɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈɛθɪks ˈɛkspərts. rɪˈpəblɪkənz, hu kraɪd faʊl ˈoʊvər ˈhɪləri ɪnˈtæŋgəlmənts wɪθ ðə ˈklɪntən faʊnˈdeɪʃən, hæv bɪn ˈlɑrʤli ˈsaɪlənt ɔn əreɪ əv ˈkɑnflɪkts. wɛr hɪz ˈprɛzɪdənsi kʊd teɪk ə ˈnaɪtˌmɛrɪʃ tərn ɪz ɪf ˈdɛməˌkræts rɪˈgeɪn kənˈtroʊl əv ˈiðər haʊs əv ˈkɑŋgrəs. ɔˈrɛdi, ˈdɛməˌkræts ɔn ki ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt kəˈmɪtiz hæv ˈsɪgnəld wət kʊd bi ɪn stɔr fər trəmp. ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈdɛməˌkræts ɔn ðə haʊs ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz kəˈmɪti sɛnt ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈspɛktərz ˈʤɛnərəl əv eɪt ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ dɔɪʧ bæŋk. ðə ˈʤərmən bæŋk, wɪʧ hoʊldz mɔr ðən 300 ˈmɪljən ɪn dɛt, həz bɪn ðə ˈtərgət əv ə ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ɪts seɪl əv bæd sɪˈkjʊrətiz ɪn ðə tɪ ðə 2008 ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkraɪsəs. ðə moʊst ˈsɪriəs pəˈtɛnʃəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ˈbɪznɪs ˈɛmpaɪər wʊd ˌɪnˈvɑlv ə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl prəˈvɪʒən noʊn ɛz ðə klɔz. ðə ˈfaʊndɪŋ ˈfɑðərz ˌɪnˈsərtɪd ðɪs ˈmɛʒər ˈɪntu ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈmɑˌnɑrks frəm kərˈəptɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkən əˈfɪʃəlz wɪθ ˈtaɪtəlz əv noʊˈbɪləti ər ˈlævɪʃ gɪfts. ɪn keɪs, ðə rul kən bi rɛd tɪ əˈplaɪ tɪ ˈɛni ˈdilɪŋz kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ə ˈfɔrən ˈgəvərnmənt, səʧ ɛz hɪz ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp ɪn ə ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈvɛnʧər ðət rɪˈsivd fɪˈnænsɪŋ frəm ðə bæŋk əv ˈʧaɪnə. ðə tərmz əv ðət loʊn kʊd bi ˈskrutəˌnaɪzd ɪn laɪt əv ðə klɔz, ˈsɛvərəl ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl lɔ ˈɛkspərts toʊld ˈməðər ʤoʊnz, ɛz kʊd ˈəðər trəmp ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ɪf ðɛr ɪz ə sɛns ðət hi rɪˈsivd səm ˌprɛfərˈɛnʃəl ˈtritmənt frəm ə ˈfɔrən ˈgəvərnmənt. bət ˈivɪn ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ˈwɛðər trəmp ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ðə klɔz ɪz ənˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈproʊdus ˈɛni ril ˈækʃən, ʃɔrt əv ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt. ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət ðə klɔz ˈrɪli hæv ən ˈɑbviəs ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm ɪn ˈkeɪsɪz wɛr ðə ˈvaɪəˌleɪtər bi fired,”*,” sɪz ˈstivən vladek*, ə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl lɔ prəˈfɛsər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtɛksəs. kʊd əv kɔrs kənˈklud ðət vaɪəˈleɪʃənz əv ðə klɔz ər ˌɪmˈpiʧəbəl, bət ðət simz laɪk ə nɑnˈstɑrtər wɪθ ðə ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈkɑŋgrəs. soʊ ən ˈɪʃu, bət wən ðət meɪ ˈəltəmətli hæv tɪ bi lɛft tɪ ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl process.”*.” ˈrɪʧərd ˈpeɪnər, hu sərvd ɛz ðə ʧif ˈɛθɪks ˈlɔjər fər ðə ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, əˈgriz. hi noʊts ðət ˈwɑʧˌdɔg grups ər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz wʊd ˈlaɪkli nɑt hæv ˈstændɪŋ tɪ su ˈoʊvər ə pəˈtɛnʃəl klɔz vaɪəˈleɪʃən. ðə ˈmætər ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪnˈtaɪərli ɪn kənˈgrɛʃənəl hænz. ðə trəmp ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ˈsərtənli prəˈvaɪdz ə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt fər kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ proʊb ˈfɔrən taɪz. ɪn ˌɑzərbaɪˈʤɑn, trəmp ɔn ə hoʊˈtɛl ˈprɑʤɛkt wɪθ ðə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl sən əv ə ˌbɪljəˈnɛr ˈgəvərnmənt hu ˈjuˈɛs ˈdɪpləˌmæts səˈspɛktɪd əv biɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ən ˌɪˈrɑniən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈməni ˈlɔndərɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən. ɪn ˈtərki, ˈkəmpəˌni ˈmænɪʤɪz ə hoʊˈtɛl oʊnd baɪ ðə ˈwɛlθiəst mæn ɪn ðə ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhæpənz tɪ bi ən ˈɛnəmi əv ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli əˌθɔrəˈtɛriən ˈprɛzɪdənt. trəmp həz θri rɪˈzɔrts ˈəndər dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə wɪθ ə ˈloʊkəl ˌbɪljəˈnɛr hu ˈrisəntli lɔnʧt hɪz oʊn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrti. hi həz ˈlaɪsənst hɪz neɪm tɪ ə ˌfɪləˈpinoʊ ˌɪnˈvɛstər hu wɑz ˈrisəntli neɪmd ɛz ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈɛnvɔɪ tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ˈivɪn ɛz hi plænd hɪz ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl trænˈzɪʃən, trəmp tʊk taɪm ɔf frəm ˈpɪkɪŋ ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ mit wɪθ hɪz ˈɪndiən ˈbɪznɪs ˈpɑrtnərz, wɪθ hum hi bɪlt ɪn ənd ˌmʊmˈbaɪ. ˈkɑmplɛks ˈɪntərɪsts kriˈeɪt ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ðət ðə ˈkəntri həz ˈnɛvər feɪst ˈəndər ˈɛni ˈpriviəs ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, sɪz ˈrɑbərt ˈwaɪsmən, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə gʊd ˈgəvərnmənt grup ˈpəblɪk ˈsɪtɪzən. sɛt əv fækts wʊd hæv bɪn ˌənɪˈmæʤɪnəbəl ənˈtɪl wi wər pərˈzɛnəd wɪθ him,”*,” hi sɪz. trəmp həz sɛd hi ɪz naʊ ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈsərvɪŋ ðə ˈɪntərɪsts, nɑt hɪz company’s*, bət ənˈlaɪkli tɪ stɑp ˈfɔrən əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ˈəðərz frəm traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈɪnfluəns trəmp θru hɪz ˈbɪznɪsɪz. ju hæv ðoʊz ˈhoʊldɪŋz ənd əˈwɛr əv jʊr kəˈmərʃəl ˈɪntəˌrɛst, nɑt ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ wɔl ɔf ɪn jʊr hɛd ðət consideration,”*,” ˈwaɪsmən sɪz. waɪ kɔld ˈkɑnflɪkts əv interest.”*.” ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ kˈwɛsʧənz frəm ˈməðər ʤoʊnz, ə trəmp ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ˈspoʊkspərsən sɛd: ər ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈvɛtɪŋ ˈvɛriəs ˈstrəkʧərz wɪθ ðə goʊl əv ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈtrænsfər əv ˈmænɪʤmənt əv ðə trəmp ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ənd ɪts pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ əv ˈbɪznɪsɪz tɪ ˈdɑnəld jr*., ənd ˈɛrɪk trəmp əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə tim əv ˈhaɪli skɪld ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz. ðɪs ɪz ə tɔp praɪˈɔrəti æt ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ənd ðə ˈstrəkʧər ðət ɪz ˈəltəmətli səˈlɛktɪd wɪl kəmˈplaɪ wɪθ ɔl ˈæpləkəbəl rulz ənd regulations.”*.” hoʊp hɪks, kæmˈpeɪn ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən, dɪd nɑt rɪˈspɑnd tɪ kˈwɛsʧənz. ɪn ə twit ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt, trəmp dɪsˈmɪst ðə aɪˈdiə ðət hɪz ˈbɪznɪs ˈɪntərɪsts wər ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk. praɪər tɪ ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪt wɑz wɛl noʊn ðət aɪ hæv ˈɪntərɪsts ɪn ˈprɑpərtiz ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ðə ˈkrʊkəd ˈmidiə meɪks ðɪs ə bɪg dil! ˈdɑnəld ʤeɪ. trəmp (@realdonaldtrump*) noʊˈvɛmbər 22 2016 bət ɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈivɪn trəmp ɪkˈsprɛst səˈpraɪz ðət ðɛr wər noʊ rulz ðət wʊd fɔrs ɪm tɪ ˈɪnsəˌleɪt hɪmˈsɛlf frəm ˈkɑnflɪkts. əˈsumd ðət hæv tɪ sɛt əp səm taɪp əv trəst ər whatever,”*,” hi sɛd, ju don’t.”*.”
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during a meeting with new york times reporters on tuesday, donaldump brushed off questions about his conflicts of interest. “the law’s totally on my side,” he said, “the president can’t have a conflict of interest.” the president-elect’s global business empire, of course, creates a morass of ethical issues that no american president has ever faced. yet he is at least partly correct when he says the law is in his corner. the president, unlike other federal employees, is not bound by conflict of interest rules. an obscure and hard-to-enforce constitutional clause intended to prevent us officials from being influenced by foreign governments could apply toump. but ultimately only congress can investigate him for violating this constitutional provision or hold him accountable for conflicts of interest related to his business interests.
asump moves closer to taking his place in the white house, the magnitude of his business entanglements has grown only more dizzying. he owes hundreds of millions of dollars to foreign lenders, including the government-owned bank of china. he has business interests in countries including turkey, malaysia, india, the philippines, and argentina; over the past two years, he has set up companies focused on business opportunities in china and saudi arabia. and his new dc hotel poses a double conflict: not only do foreign dignitaries reportedly feel compelled to stay there during visits to the capital but the property itself was leased from the federal government, which means thatump’s company may have to negotiate with his administration.
trump has said he will place his assets in a “blindust” run by his children, but, by definition, knowing who controls the assets and what they are means this arrangement is not a blindust. there are no requirements thatump take any steps at all to divest himself of his holdings. but byadition, presidents have often handed their assets over to independent third parties to manage—that is, creating actual blindusts—to reduce even the appearance of a conflict. “people have typically taken steps to silo these different aspects of their lives, because there should not be a doubt in the minds of the american public that the leader of the free world is not going to be puttingain interests over the public’s,” george washington university law professor jessica tillipman told mother jones this summer. “and when you haven’t taken affirmative steps, it leaves an open question.”
ifump isn’t concerned about the appearance that his official actions could be swayed by his business interests, then he should worry about the prospect of damaging congressional inquiries that could mire his administration in controversy, say several ethics experts. republicans, who cried foul over hillary clinton’s entanglements with the clinton foundation, have been largely silent onump’s array of conflicts. where his presidency could take a nightmarish turn is if democrats regain control of either house of congress. already, democrats on key oversight committees have signaled what could be in store forump. on tuesday, democrats on the house financial services committee sent a letter to the inspectors general of eight agencies highlightingump’s relationship with deutsche bank. the german bank, which holds more than $300 million inump’s debt, has been the target of a justice department investigation into its sale of bad mortgage-backed securities in the run-up to the 2008 financial crisis.
the most serious potential investigation intoump’s business empire would involve a constitutional provision known as the emoluments clause. the founding fathers inserted this measure into the constitution to prevent european monarchs from corrupting american officials with titles of nobility or lavish gifts. inump’s case, the rule can be read to apply to any dealings connected to a foreign government, such as his partnership in a real estate venture that received financing from the bank of china. the terms of that loan could be scrutinized in light of the emoluments clause, several constitutional law experts told mother jones, as could otherump investments if there is a sense that he received some preferentialeatment from a foreign government.
but even an investigation into whetherump violated the emoluments clause is unlikely to produce any real action, short of embarrassing the president. “the problem is that the clause doesn’t really have an obvious enforcement mechanism in cases where the violator can’t be fired,” says stephen vladek, a constitutional law professor at the university of texas. “congress could of course conclude that violations of the clause are impeachable, but that seems like a non-starter with the incoming congress. so it’s an issue, but one that may ultimately have to be left to the political process.”
richard painter, who served as the chief ethics lawyer for the george w. bush administration, agrees. he notes that watchdog groups or individuals would likely not have standing to sue over a potential emoluments clause violation. the matter is almost entirely in congressional hands.
theump organizationainly provides a target-rich environment for congressional investigators seeking to probeump’s foreign ties. in azerbaijan,ump partnered on a hotel project with the controversial son of a billionaire government minister—one who us diplomats suspected of being involved with an iranian military money laundering operation. in turkey,ump’s company manages a hotel owned by the wealthiest man in the country—who also happens to be an enemy of the country’s increasingly authoritarian president.ump has three resorts under development in muslim-majority indonesia with a local billionaire who recently launched his own political party. he has licensed his name to a filipino investor who was recently named as a special envoy to the united states. even as he planned his presidentialansition,ump took time off from picking national security officials to meet with his indian business partners, with whom he built ultra-luxury high-rises in pune and mumbai.
trump’s complex interests create a situation that the country has never faced under any previous administration, says robert weissman, president of the good government group public citizen. “this set of facts would have been unimaginable until we were presented with him,” he says.ump has said he is now focused on serving the public’s interests, not his company’s, but that’s unlikely to stop foreign officials and others fromying to influenceump through his businesses. “once you have those holdings and you’re aware of your commercial interest, it’s not possible to wall off in your head that consideration,” weissman says. “that’s why they’re called conflicts of interest.”
in response to questions from mother jones, aump organization spokesperson said: “we are in the process of vetting variousures with the goal of the immediateansfer of management of theump organization and its portfolio of businesses to donald jr., ivanka and ericump along with a team of highly skilled executives. this is a top priority at the organization and theure that is ultimately selected will comply with all applicable rules and regulations.” hope hicks,ump’s campaign spokeswoman, did not respond to questions.
in a tweet monday night,ump dismissed the idea that his business interests were problematic.
prior to the election it was well known that i have interests in properties all over the world.only the crooked media makes this a big deal! — donald j.ump (@realdonaldtrump) november 22, 2016
but in talking to the new york times on tuesday, evenump expressed surprise that there were no rules that would force him to insulate himself from conflicts. “i’d assumed that you’d have to set up some type ofust or whatever,” he said, “and you don’t.”
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si++ ˈpeɪpərz fər ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, ˈgræfɪks, ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ, ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd bɪˈheɪvjər ˈpəblɪʃt æt baɪ ʤɛnz ˈwɛlər ðə ənd læst pɑrt əˈbaʊt ðə si++ ˈpeɪpərz fər, wɛr ðə si++ kəˈmɪti mits ðɪs wik. aɪ ɔˈrɛdi ˈkəvərd ðə fərst bæʧ əv prəˈpoʊzəlz frəm ðə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈsəbˌgrup ɪn ðə ˈpriviəs pɑrt, naʊ ɪts ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈpeɪpərz frəm ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, ˈgræfɪks, ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ, ənd ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd bɪˈheɪvjər. ə ˈvɛri dɪˈvərs pɑrt. ˈɔlsoʊ ə gʊd raɪt maɪt bi ðə ˈpeɪpərz fər ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ frəm ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ ənd rɪˈflɛkʃən. ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˌɪmˈpruvd ˌɪnˈsərʃən ˈɪnərˌfeɪs fər mæps ðɪs ˈpeɪpər wʊd laɪk tɪ ɛnˈhæns ðə ˌɪnˈsərʃən ˈɪnərˌfeɪs əv mæps (std::map*, std::unordered_map*). ðə prəˈpoʊzəl wɔnts tɪ æd tu nu ˈmɛθədz: dɪz ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈsərt ˈɪntu ðə mæp, wɪn ðə ki dɪz nɑt ɪgˈzɪst. ˌɪnˈsərts ˈoʊnli ɪf ðə ki dɪz nɑt ɪgˈzɪst, ɪf ɪt ɪgˈzɪsts ɪt wɪl ˈəpˌdeɪt ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈɑbʤɛkt (ˈɑpərˌeɪtər=). kənˈvinjəns ˈfəŋkʃənz tɪ ˈkɑmbaɪn hæʃ ˈvæljuz ðɪs prəˈpoʊzəl eɪmz æt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈiziər tɪ hæv ə ˈbɛtər, bət nɑt naɪiv hæʃ ˈfəŋkʃən fər ˈkəstəm taɪps. ɪt prəˈpoʊzɪz ðə ˈfəŋkʃənz ənd, wɛr ə ˈkɑnkrit klæs wʊd kɔl wɪθ ɔl ðə ˈnidɪd ˈmɛmbər ðət ʃʊd bi ɪn ðə hæʃ ɛz ˈɑrgjəmənts. ənd wʊd bi ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ɛz ə ˈtɛmplət ˈfəŋkʃənz. ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz təˈdeɪ ɔˈrɛdi dɪˈfaɪnd baɪ bust hæʃ. ˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd səˈpɔrt fər ˈnɛroʊ ˈkɑnˌtrækts (riˈvɪʒən 3 ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈpeɪpər əˈbaʊt ˈædɪŋ mɔr ˈɔpʃənz tɪ ðə si++ ˈstændərd fər ˈʧɛkɪŋ ˈsərtən kənˈdɪʃənz. nu ɪn ðɪs riˈvɪʒən ɪz ðət ðə həz bɪn riˈneɪmd tɪ ˈkɑnˌtrækt frəm ˌprikənˈdɪʃən. ðə ˈpeɪpər ˈjuzɪz ənd ˈɑpərˌeɪtər[] ˈvərsəz. at(size_t*) ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl, wɪʧ aɪ θɪŋk ɪz ə ˈvɛri gʊd wən. ðə ˈstændərd ˈɔfərz wɪθ boʊθ tu ˈdɪfərənt ˈɪnərˌfeɪsɪz, ðə fərst biɪŋ ˈnɛroʊ (moʊst ɪˈfɪʃənt) ənd ðə ˈsɛkənd biɪŋ waɪd (moʊst seɪf): ˈɑpərˌeɪtər[] həz ə ˈnɛroʊ ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪʧ minz, ˈoʊnli ðə reɪnʤ əv 0 ɪz ɪn ðə baʊndz əv dɪˈfaɪnd bɪˈheɪvjər, ˈɛvəri θɪŋ ɛls ɪz ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd. ɪn ˈpræktɪs, ˈɑpərˌeɪtər[] wɪl nɑt ʧɛk fər ju, ɪf jʊr ˈɪndɛks ɪz ˈvælɪd at(size_t*) həz ə waɪd ˈkɑnˌtrækt ðɪs minz, ɪt wɪl tɛst fər ɔl saɪd ˈifɛkts. ɪf ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz aʊt əv reɪnʤ, ðɛn ən ɪkˈsɛpʃən ɪz θroʊn. ɪn ˈpræktɪs, æt wɪl ʧɛk jʊr ˈɪndɛks iʧ kɔl, ənd ɪz ˈðɛrˌfɔr nɑt ɛz fæst ɛz ˈɑpərˌeɪtər[], bət ɪt wɪl θroʊ ɪf ju ˈoʊvərˌriʧ. ðɪs ˈpeɪpər traɪz naʊ tɪ faɪnd ə weɪ, tɪ ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz ðə rɪsk fər ˈnɛroʊ ˈkɑnˌtrækts, tɪ bi ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd bɪˈheɪvjər. ðə ˈɔθərz səˈʤɛst tɪ juz dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ fər ðɪs, ənd tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri wɪθ ðə ˈhɛdər <contract_assert*>. ðɪs ˈhɛdər ʃæl kənˈteɪn ðə ˈklæsɪz ənd tɪ prəˈvaɪd ðə əˈdɪʃənəl səˈpɔrt fər si++ ɪn dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ. ðə bɪld moʊd (seɪf, diˈbəg, riˈlis bɪld) ðɛn ˌdɪˈsaɪd, wɪʧ əˈsərts ər ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd. ɪn ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl ðət wʊd min, ðət ˈɑpərˌeɪtər[] kənˈteɪnz ən əˈsərt ɪn seɪf bɪld (ɔl əˈsərts), ˈmeɪbi ɪn diˈbəg, ənd nən ɪn riˈlis. fər mɔr ˈditeɪlz pliz rɛd ðɪs ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈpeɪpər. kənˈtɪgjuəs: ə rəˈfaɪnmənt əv ˈrændəm ˈækˌsɛs ˈkərəntli, səʧ θɪŋ dɪz nɑt ɪgˈzɪst ɪn ðə si++ ˈstændərd, bət ˈɔfən ɪt wʊd bi gʊd tɪ noʊ, ɪf ðə ˈmɛməri ɪz kənˈtɪgjuəs. ə kənˈtɪgjuəs ɪz ə ˈspɛʃəl fɔrm əv ə ˈrændəm ˈækˌsɛs, wɛr ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ tu rulz əˈplaɪ:) std::addressof(*i*) (wɪn aɪ ɪz dereferenceable*) ɛn) ) ɛn (wɪn aɪ ɛn ɪz ə ˈvælɪd) tɪ æd fʊl səˈpɔrt fər ðɪs tɪ ðə ˈstændərd, səm ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ər ˈnidɪd. fərst, ə frəm dəraɪvd contiguous_iterator_tag*, ənd ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə tægz əv std::basic_string*, std::array*, ənd valarray*. ðɪs wʊd ðɛn əˈlaʊ fər tæg beɪst ˌspɛʃələˈzeɪʃən ɔn kənˈtɪgjuəs. ðə ˈpeɪpər ɔˈrɛdi ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈwərdɪŋ fər ðə ˈstændərd ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. kənˈsɪstənt ˈeɪliəsɪz ðɪs ˈpeɪpər traɪz tɪ faɪnd ə ˈgaɪˌdlaɪn fər ˈædɪŋ ˈeɪliəsɪz tɪ ðə ˈstændərd. ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈgaɪˌdlaɪn ɪz: ə klæs ˈtɛmplət ʃʊd bi əˈkəmpənid baɪ ə ti ˈtɛmplət ˈeɪliəs ɪf ɪt prəˈvaɪdz ə ˈpəblɪk ˈmɛmbər taɪp neɪmd taɪp ənd noʊ ˈəðər ækˈsɛsəbəl ˈmɛmbərz. ðə ˈɔθərz dɪd əˈplaɪ ðɪs ˈsɪmpəl rul tɪ ðə ˈstændərd, ənd faʊnd ðət ˈoʊnli wɑz ˈmɪsɪŋ. hɛns ðə ˈɔθərz səˈʤɛst tɪ æd ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈgaɪˌdlaɪn ənd tɪ ðə ˈstændərd. ðɪs prəˈpoʊzəl wɔnts tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ˌɪnkəmˈplit taɪps fər ˈstrəkʧər ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃənz wɪθ kənˈteɪnərz: ˈɛntri ˈmɛsɪʤɪz; ə ˈpɑsəbəl əˈproʊʧ ɪz tɪ meɪk kənˈteɪnər ˈivɪn wɪn səm əv ðə ˈtɛmplət ˈɑrgjəmənts ər ˌɪnkəmˈplit taɪps. ðɪs wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ nɑt breɪk ˈɛni ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ koʊd ər ˈlæŋgwɪʤ riˈstrɪkʃənz. ðɪs ˈfiʧər ɪz ˈkərəntli ɔˈrɛdi prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ənd libstdc*++. ðə ˈɔθərz si ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ædˈvæntɪʤɪz wɪθ ðɪs səˈluʃən: ðə ˈvælju sɪˈmæntɪks əv ɪz ˈæləˌkeɪtərz wərk səʧ ə kənˈteɪnər kən bi juzd ɪn taɪp ˈkərəntli ə ˈsæmpəl ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ɛz ə fɔrk əv libc*++ ɪgˈzɪsts. ˈhæʃɪŋ ənd ˈfɪŋgərˌprɪntɪŋ ðɪs ˈpeɪpər dilz wɪθ ˈhæʃɪŋ taɪps ɪn si++, ˈbɪldɪŋ əp ɔn ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪz, ðət ðɪs prəˈpoʊzəl wʊd laɪk tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ðə ˈhæʃɪŋ frəm ðə hæʃt ˈvæljuz. ðə ˈɔθər prəˈpoʊzɪz ðət ə ˈfəŋkʃən ʃʊd rɪˈtərn ə ˈviə std::tie*, wɪʧ ðɛn kʊd bi juzd fər ˈhæʃɪŋ baɪ ˈdɪfərənt ˈhæʃɪŋ ənd ˈfɪŋgərˌprɪntɪŋ ˈklæsɪz. ɪn ðɪs weɪ, ə ˈkəstəm taɪp wʊd nɑt dɪˈfaɪn ðə weɪ ɪt ʃʊd bi hæʃt. ˌɪnˈstɛd ɪt wʊd ɪkˈspoʊz ðə ˈvæljuz tɪ bi hæʃt tɪ wən ər mɔr hæʃ. ðə ˈɔθər kənˈkludz, ðət ðə ˈstændərd ʃʊd prəˈvaɪd æt list ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈhæʃər ˈklæsɪz: ˈbeɪsɪk ˈhæʃər fər juz ɪn kənˈteɪnərz ənd ðɪs prəˈpoʊzəl ɪz ˈsɪmələr tɪ bət splɪts ðə frəm ðə ˈhæʃɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs, soʊ ðət ðə ˈhæʃər kən bi riuzd. ˈgræfɪks ˈgræfɪks ɪz ðə nuəst səb grup ɪn ðə si++ kəˈmɪti, ɪts roʊl ɪz tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ən fər drɔɪŋ. fər mɔr ˈbækˌgraʊnd rɛd θru ðə ˈgræfɪks ˈgugəl grup. ˈgræfɪks dɪˈskəʃən ðɪs ˈpeɪpər traɪz tɪ rɪˈflɛkt ənd gɪv ə faʊnˈdeɪʃən fər ˈfərðər dɪˈskəʃənz ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt. ɪt prəˈpoʊzɪz tɪ ˈpɑsəbəl weɪz tɪ æd ə drɔɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈstændərd: beɪst ɔn ən ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈstændərd, laɪk ənd ˈkænvəs beɪst ɔn ən ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, laɪk ˈsɪndər, ˈkaɪroʊ ər ˈəðər ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈskəsɪz ðə ˈkɑrənt prəˈpoʊzəl frəm ðɪs ˈsəbˌgrup, səʧ ɛz haʊ tɪ juz ˈkaɪroʊ ɛz ə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt fər ə drɔɪŋ ɪn si++. ə prəˈpoʊzəl tɪ æd ˈgræfɪks ˈrɛndərɪŋ ənd dɪˈspleɪ tɪ si++ ðə goʊl əv ðɪs prəˈpoʊzəl ɪz tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ə drɔɪŋ beɪst ɔn ə məˈkænɪkəl ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən əv ðə ˈkaɪroʊ ˈgræfɪks ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈkaɪroʊ ɪz ə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv, krɔs ˈplætˌfɔrm, waɪd laɪ juzd, məˈʧʊr ˈgræfɪks ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈrɪtən ɪn si wɪθ ən ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈɔriˌɛntɪd staɪl. soʊ, ðɪs ˈpeɪpər traɪz tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ə drɔɪŋ beɪst ɔn ˈkaɪroʊ. wɛr ˈkaɪroʊ sərvz ɛz ə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt, ɛz ɪt ɪz ˈrɪtən ɪn ə ˈvɛri klin ənd laɪk si, ənd ɔˈrɛdi ɪn waɪd juz ɪn krɔs ˈplætˌfɔrm ˈsɔfˌwɛr səʧ ɛz firefox*, gtk*+ ər ˈmoʊnoʊ. ðə ˈɔθərz prəˈpoʊz naʊ, tɪ ˈtrænsfɔrm si məˈkænɪkli ˈɪntu ə si++. ðɪs kən bi əˈʧivd baɪ əˈplaɪɪŋ ə sɛt əv ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən rulz. ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪvz wʊd bi tɪ ˈiðər tɪ kriˈeɪt ə nu baɪ ˈsɪnθəsəs əv ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ər tɪ stɑrt frəm ˈkænvəs ɛz ən ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ laɪk ˈstændərd. ðə prɪˈfər tɪ hæv ˈkaɪroʊ ɛz ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˌbæˈkɛnd, wɪʧ kʊd bi swɪʧt baɪ tɪ juz mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt, ˈmɑdərn ˈplætˌfɔrm ˈrɛndərɪŋ. ðə ˈpeɪpər kənˈtɪnjuz wɪθ ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ˈditeɪlz əv ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈrɛndərɪŋ səʧ ɛz ˈrisɔrsɪz ənd ˈneɪtɪv ˈhændəlz. ðɪs ˈpeɪpər ɪz ə ˈvɛri gʊd ənd nɑt tu dɪˈteɪld teɪk ɔn ðə ˈɛfərt əv dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ə ˈpɑsəbəl drɔɪŋ fər si++. ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ ˈwərkɪŋ dræft ˈtɛknɪkəl ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən ˈjəri ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən fər ˈædɪŋ ə ˈjəri klæs tɪ ðə ˈstændərd ˈlaɪbrɛˌri. prəˈpoʊzd ˈklæsɪz ər: ˈjəri wɛr ɪz ə strɔŋ klæs, ðə ˈjəri klæs ɪt sɛlf rɪˈfərz tɪ ɪts ˈfrægmənts ˈoʊvər std::optional<string_view*>, ðə ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ɪz kaɪnd əv ˈlɑʤɪkəl (e.g*. hoʊst, pɔrt, kˈwiri ˈmɛθədz). ə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˈlaɪbrɛˌri fər si++ ðɪs prəˈpoʊzəl ɪz ə pjʊr ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ɪkˈstɛnʃən, ˈædɪŋ səˈpɔrt fər ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz æt kəmˈpaɪl taɪm θru. ðə ˈɔθərz prəˈpoʊz tɪ æd ˈfəŋkʃənz səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz tɪ <cmath*> ənd <ˈmɛməri>, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə tu goʊlz əv prəˈvaɪd ðə ˈproʊˌgræmər wɪθ ˈbɛtər ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə məˈʃin prəˈvaɪd ə riˈuzəbəl ˈlaɪbrɛˌri əv ʤəˈnɛrɪk məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən ruˈtinz prəˈpoʊzəl tɪ æd ˈdɛsəməl ˈfloʊtɪŋ pɔɪnt səˈpɔrt tɪ si++ (riˈvɪʒən 2 ðɪs prəˈpoʊzəl wʊd laɪk tɪ æd fʊl ˈdɛsəməl ˈfloʊtɪŋ pɔɪnt səˈpɔrt tɪ si++ ɛz dɪˈfaɪnd ɪn ðə ˈdɛsəməl ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 2009 ɪts eɪm ɪz æt ðə nɛkst ˈmeɪʤər riˈvɪʒən əv si++, soʊ ðə ˈstændərd ˈæftər ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ʃʊd teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðə ˈɔθər prəˈpoʊzɪz, ənd ðət moʊst əv ðə ˈbaɪndɪŋz fər si++ ər ɔˈrɛdi dɪˈfaɪnd ɪn ðə ˈdɛsəməl. ˈɔlsoʊ ðɛr ər ɔˈrɛdi ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ si frəm hp*, ər ˌɪnˈtɛl, wɪʧ kʊd ækt ɛz ə beɪs ənd ˌbæˈkɛnd fər ə ˈpɑsəbəl si++ ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən. ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd bɪˈheɪvjər ˈfɪksɪŋ ðə ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən əv ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈkɛrɪktər neɪmz (ˈɑkə) ər ə weɪ tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs ˌɪnərˌnæʃənɑlɪˈzeɪʃən ɪn sɔrs koʊd wɪˈθaʊt riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn sɔrs tɛkst ɛnˈkoʊdɪŋ. kən bi sin ɛz ˈsɪmələr tɪ ˈkɛrɪktər ɛnˈkoʊdɪŋ, ðə ˈɔθərz si ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən əv fər ðə si++ ˈstændərd tu meɪn ˈprɑbləmz: ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd bɪˈheɪvjər ɪz ən ˌəndɪˈzaɪrəbəl kaɪnd əv ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən, bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈtɛknɪkəli əˈlaʊz ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən tɪ kˈwaɪətli ˈproʊdus ə dɪˈfɛktɪv faɪl. ðɛr ɪz kənˈsɛnsəs ðət ˈɛrərz ɪn ˈjusɪʤ ʃʊd nɑt hæv ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz. ðɛr ɪz ˈivɪn ə sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˈvaɪzəri əˈbaʊt ˈkɔzɪŋ ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd bɪˈheɪvjər. "riˈmuvɪŋ ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd bɪˈheɪvjər frəm ðə" dɪˈrɛkli ˈæˈdrɛsɪz ðɪs baɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪŋ tɪ ˈkɑnvərt ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd bɪˈheɪvjər ˌspɛsəfəˈkeɪʃənz tɪ ill-formedness*. ðɛr ər ˈkɔrnər ˈkeɪsɪz wɪʧ ər nɑt ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd ɛz ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd bɪˈheɪvjər. ðiz meɪ bi wɛl- dɪˈfaɪnd ənd mɪsɪnˈtərprətɪd, ər jɛt ənˈdaɪægnoʊst, baɪ ˈpɑpjələr, ər ˈsɪmpli ɪkˈsɛsɪvli riˈstrɪktɪv. ˈkeɪsɪz ˈəndərˌmaɪn ðə ˈifɛkt əv baɪ rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈrɔŋli dɪˈfaɪnd. ðə ˈɔθərz ˈprɛzənt ˈsɛvərəl ˈkɔrnər ˈkeɪsɪz, wɪʧ ər ˈkərəntli nɑt ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd (e.g*. ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd bɪˈheɪvjər), ənd traɪ tɪ wərk aʊt ə səˈluʃən tɪ fɪks ðə ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən. ən ˈəpˌdeɪt tɪ ðə ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən si++ ˌɪnˈhɛrəts ðə frəm si, pɑrt əv ðə bɪˈheɪvjər ɪz tɪ juz ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd bɪˈheɪvjər tɪ ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ˈlætəˌtud fər ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ˈdɪfərənsɪz. təˈdeɪ, ðɛr ɪz ə kənˈsɛnsəs ɔn wət ðə ʃʊd du, ənd səʧ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti tɪ riˈmuv ðə ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd bɪˈheɪvjər ˌɪnˈhɛrətɪd frəm si. ðə prəˈpoʊzəl wɔnts tɪ ˈkæpʧər ðə ˈstætəs kwoʊ ˈɪntu ðə ˈstændərd. ðə ˈɔθərz kənˈklud ðət səʧ ə kənˈsɛnsəs kən bi riʧt baɪ ˈsərˌveɪɪŋ ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr əv si++ (msvc*, gcc*, klæŋ ənd 13 ðə ˈpeɪpər ɪz ə dɪˈteɪld æˈnælɪsɪs əv ˈtudeɪz wɪθ ðə goʊl tɪ ˈjunəˌfaɪ ðɛr bɪˈheɪvjər ˈɪntu ðə ˈstændərd. ˈfaɪnəli ðə læst ˈpeɪpər, aɪ wɪl poʊst ə ˈfɑloʊ əp ɪn mɑrʧ, ɛz ðɛn ˈhoʊpfəli wɪl bi ɔn ɪts weɪ. ʤɔɪn ðə ˈmitɪŋ si++ kəmˈjunɪti! ðɪs ənd ˈəðər poʊsts ɔn ˈmitɪŋ si++ ər ɪˈneɪbəld baɪ maɪ səˈpɔrtərz ɔn!
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c++ papers for issaquah - library, graphics, networking, numerics & undefined behavior
published at 12.02.2014 21:40 by jens weller
the 4th and last part about the c++ papers for issaquah, where the c++ committee meets this week. i already covered the first batch of proposals from the library subgroup in the previous part, now its all about papers from library, graphics, networking, numerics and undefined behavior. a very diverse part. also a good right might be the papers for chicago from library, networking and reflection.
library ii
n3873 - improved insertion interface for unique-key maps
this paper would like to enhance the insertion interface of unique-key maps (std::map, std::unordered_map). the proposal wants to add two new methods:
emplace_stable
emplace_or_update
emplace_stable does only insert into the map, when the key does not exist. emplace_or_update inserts only if the key does not exist, if it exists it will update the current object (operator=).
n3876 - convenience functions to combine hash values
this proposal aims at making it easier to have a better, but not naive hash function for custom types. it proposes the functions hash_val and hash_combine, where a concrete class would call hash_val with all the needed member that should be in the hash as arguments. hash_val and hash_combine would be implemented as a variadic template functions. the hash_combine function is today already defined by boost hash.
n3877 - centralized defensive-programming support for narrow contracts (revision 3)
this is a very interesting paper about adding more options to the c++ standard for checking certain conditions. new in this revision is that the namespace has been renamed to contract from precondition. the paper uses std::vector and operator[] vs. at(size_t) as an example, which i think is a very good one. the standard offers with both two different interfaces, the first being narrow (most efficient) and the second being wide (most safe):
operator[]
has a narrow contract which means, only the range of 0 - (size-1) is in the bounds of defined behavior, every thing else is undefined. in practice, operator[] will not check for you, if your index is valid
at(size_t)
has a wide contract this means, it will test for all side effects. if the argument is out of range, then an exception is thrown. in practice, at will check your index each call, and is therefore not as fast as operator[], but it will throw if you overreach.
this paper tries now to find a way, to minimize the risk for narrow contracts, to be undefined behavior. the authors suggest to use defensive programming for this, and to extend the standard library with the header <contract_assert>. this header shall contain the classes and macros to provide the additional support for c++ in defensive programming. the build mode (safe, debug, release build) then decide, which asserts are executed.
in the example that would mean, that operator[] contains an assert in safe build (all asserts), maybe in debug, and none in release. for more details please read this interesting paper.
n3884 - contiguous iterators: a refinement of random access iterators
currently, such thing does not exist in the c++ standard, but often it would be good to know, if the memory is contiguous. a contiguous iterator is a special form of a random access iterator, where the following two rules apply:
std::pointer_from(i) == std::addressof(*i) (when i is dereferenceable) std::pointer_from(i + n) == std::pointer_from(i) + n (when i + n is a valid iterator)
to add full support for this to the standard, some changes are needed. first, a from random_access_iterator_tag derived contiguous_iterator_tag, and changing the tags of std::basic_string, std::array, std::vector and valarray. this would then allow for tag based specialization on contiguous iterators. the paper already includes the necessary wording for the standard changes.
n3887 - consistent metafunction aliases
this paper tries to find a guideline for adding metafunction aliases to the standard. the proposed guideline is:
a class template should be accompanied by a metafunction-name t template alias if it provides a public member type named type and no other accessible members.
the authors did apply this simple rule to the c++14 standard, and found that only tuple_element_t was missing. hence the authors suggest to add the proposed guideline and tuple_element_t to the standard.
this proposal wants to enable incomplete types for structure definitions with stl containers:
struct entry { std::deque messages; // ... };
a possible approach is to make stl container instantiations well-formed even when some of the template arguments are incomplete types. this will also not break any existing code or language restrictions. this feature is currently already provided by boost::containers and libstdc++. the authors see the following advantages with this solution:
the value semantics of value_type is well-preserved
scoped allocators work out-of-the-box
such a container can be used in type erasure
currently a sample implementation as a fork of llvms libc++ exists.
n3898 - hashing and fingerprinting
this paper deals with hashing types in c++, building up on n3333. the difference is, that this proposal would like to separate the hashing from the hashed values. the author proposes that a hash_value function should return a std::tuple via std::tie, which then could be used for hashing by different hashing and fingerprinting classes. in this way, a custom type would not define the way it should be hashed. instead it would expose the values to be hashed to one or more hash implementations. the author concludes, that the standard should provide at least the following hasher classes:
basic hasher for use in unordered containers and std::hash
fingerprint64
fingerprint128
near_universal60
near_universal120
this proposal is similar to n3876, but splits the hash_value from the hashing process, so that the hasher can be reused.
graphics
graphics is the newest sub group in the c++ committee, its role is to define an api for 2d drawing. for more background read through the graphics google group.
n3825 - sg13 graphics discussion
this paper tries to reflect and give a foundation for further discussions on the subject. it proposes to possible ways to add a 2d drawing api to the standard:
based on an existing standard, like svg and canvas
based on an existing library, like cinder, cairo or other libraries
it also discusses the current proposal from this subgroup, such as how to use cairo as a starting point for a 2d drawing api in c++.
n3888 - a proposal to add 2d graphics rendering and display to c++
the goal of this proposal is to define a 2d drawing api based on a mechanical transformation of the cairo graphics library . cairo is a comprehensive, cross - platform, wide ly - used, mature 2d graphics library written in c with an object - oriented style.
so, this paper tries to define a 2d drawing api based on cairo. where cairo serves as a starting point, as it is written in a very clean and oo like c, and already in wide use in cross platform software such as mozilla firefox, gtk+ or mono. the authors propose now, to transform cairos c api mechanically into a c++ api. this can be achieved by applying a set of well-defined transformation rules.
the alternatives would be to either to create a new api by synthesis of existing 2d apis or to start from html5s canvas api as an existing svg like standard. the implementers prefer to have cairo as a possible backend, which could be switched by implementers to use more efficient, modern platform rendering.
the paper continues with implementation details of a possible 2d rendering api such as gpu resources and native handles. this paper is a very good and not too detailed take on the effort of defining a possible 2d drawing api for c++.
networking
n3827 - working draft technical specification - uri
this is the current draft/technical specification for adding a uri class to the standard library.
proposed classes are:
uri
uri_builder
uri_error
uri_syntax_error uri_builder_error percent_decoding_error
where uri_error is a strong enum class, the uri class it self refers to its fragments over std::optional<string_view>, the interface is kind of logical (e.g. host, port, query methods).
numerics
n3864 - a constexpr bitwise operations library for c++
this proposal is a pure library extension, adding support for bitwise operations at compile time through constexpr. the authors propose to add functions supporting constexpr bitwise operations to <cmath> and <memory>, following the two goals of
provide the programmer with better access to the machine
provide a reusable library of generic bitwise manipulation routines
n3871 - proposal to add decimal floating point support to c++ (revision 2)
this proposal would like to add full decimal floating point support to c++ as defined in the decimal tr published in 2009. its aim is at the next major revision of c++, so the standard after c++14. the implementation should take advantage of c++11 the author proposes, and that most of the bindings for c++ are already defined in the decimal tr. also there are already existing c implementations from hp, ibm or intel, which could act as a base and backend for a possible c++ implementation.
undefined behavior
n3881 - fixing the specification of universal-character-names
universal character names (aka ucns) are a way to express internationalization in source code without relying on source text encoding. ucns can be seen as similar to character encoding, the authors see in the current specification of ucns for the c++ standard two main problems:
undefined behavior is an undesirable kind of specification, because it technically allows the implementation to quietly produce a defective executable file. there is consensus that errors in preprocessor usage should not have runtime consequences. there is even a cert security advisory about ucns causing undefined behavior. n3801 "removing undefined behavior from the preprocessor" directly addresses this by recommending to convert undefined behavior specifications to ill-formedness.
there are corner cases which are not specified as undefined behavior. these may be well- defined and misinterpreted, or ill-formed yet undiagnosed, by popular implementations, or simply excessively restrictive. underspecified cases undermine the effect of n3801 by remaining wrongly defined.
the authors present several corner cases, which are currently not specified (e.g. undefined behavior), and try to work out a solution to fix the specification.
n3882 - an update to the preprocessor specification
c++ inherits the preprocessor from c, part of the preprocessors behavior is to use undefined behavior to specify latitude for implementation differences. today, there is a consensus on what the preprocessor should do, and such the possibility to remove the undefined behavior inherited from c. the proposal wants to capture the status quo into the standard. the authors conclude that such a consensus can be reached by surveying the most popular implementations of c++ (msvc, gcc, clang 3.4 and edg/icc 13). the paper is a detailed analysis of todays preprocessor implementations with the goal to unify their behavior into the standard.
finally the last paper, i will post a follow up in march, as c++14 then hopefully will be on its way.
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mɑrʧ 8 2011 ɪts ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv ðə fərst ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈwɪmənz deɪ, ənd ˈnuzˌwik ɪz ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪŋ 150 ˈwɪmən hu ʃeɪk ðə wərld." waɪl ɪt ˌɪnˈkludz ə smɔl səˈlɛkʃən əv ˈwɪmən raɪts ˈæktɪvɪsts, ðə lɪst əv ˈʃeɪkərz ɪz ˈweɪtɪd daʊn baɪ ðə laɪks əv ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən, ˈfɔrmər ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˈvaɪzər raɪs ənd ˈʤərmən ˈʧænsələr ˈænʤələ huz ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi dɪˈsɪʒənz ˈoʊnli meɪk ðə lɪvz əv ˈwɪmən ɪn moʊst əv ðə wərld wərs. ənd ɪf ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv "ˈpaʊərfəl ˈwɪmən" ɪz ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ əˈmæs wɛlθ ənd ˈɪnfluəns æt ðə ɪkˈspɛns əv ˈəðərz, ðɛn ðə ˈnuzˌwik lɪst dɪz ɪts ˌɪnˈkludz ˌbɪljəˈnɛr məˈlɪndə geɪts, ˈfɔrmər ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*., skul "rɪˈfɔrm" ˈguˌru mɪˈʃɛl ri ənd ˈfɔrmər fərst ˈleɪdi ˈlɔrə bʊʃ. bət ɪf jʊr ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈpaʊərfəl ˈwɪmən hu əˈpoʊz ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən, ˈnuzˌwik ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə rɔŋ pleɪs tɪ lʊk. bɪˈkəz ðə sɔrs əv ˈwɪmənz ðə ril ˈlɛgəsi əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈwɪmənz ɪn ˈproʊˌtɛsts ənd straɪks ðət ər pɑrt əv ə lɔŋ ənd rɪʧ ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈwɪmən ˈwərkərz' ˈmuvmənt ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli. ˈwɪmən ˈpɪkətɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 1909 nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ˈgɑrmənt ˈwərkərz straɪk ðɪs paʊər wɑz ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ʤɪst ə fju wiks əˈgoʊ ɪn ˈkaɪroʊz mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən ˈgæðərd ɪn ˈproʊˌtɛsts ðət tʊk daʊn ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈdɪkteɪtər ˈhɔsni muˈbɑrɪk. mɑˈfuz, wən əv ðə ˈfaʊndərz əv ðə ˈeɪprəl 6 juθ ˈmuvmənt hu hɛlpt ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪt ðə kɔl fər ˈproʊˌtɛsts ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 25 dɪˈskraɪbd ðə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən ðət tʊk pleɪs ɪn ðə skwɛr: "ðɪs ɪz ðə fərst taɪm ɪn maɪ wɑz nɑt ˈsɛkʃuəli həræst ɪn ə ˈpəblɪk skwɛr. ðə ˈθaʊzənz əv mɛn ɪn ðət skwɛr ˈtritɪd mi laɪk ə ˈjumən biɪŋ." ɪt wɑz hir, ɔn ðə strits ɪn ðə mɪst əv ˌrɛvəˈluʃən, ðət ˈwɪmən kʊd bɪˈgɪn tɪ gɪt ə teɪst əv ðə ɪkˈwɑləti ðət ðeɪ hæd lɔŋ bɪn ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər. ðɪs ɪz ðə ril sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈwɪmənz ə ˈwʊmənz pleɪs ɪz ɪn ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. ɪts ɪn ðə ˈstrəgəl ðət ˈwɪmən ənd mɛn kən kəm təˈgɛðər ənd straɪv fər tru ˌlɪˌbərˈeɪʃən ənd ɪkˈwɑləti. ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈwɪmənz deɪ wɑz fərst kɔld ɪn 1910 æt ðə ˈsɛkənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkɑnfərəns əv ˈwərkɪŋ ˈwɪmən, lɛd baɪ ˈʤərmən ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈklɛrə. ɪt wɑz ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ðə ˈstrəgəlz əv ˈwɪmən ˈwərkərz ɪn ðə juz., ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈtɛkˌstaɪl ˈwərkərz ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti, hu ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ə ˈmæsɪv mɑrʧ ɪn mɑrʧ 1908 ɪn ðə ˈərli pɑrt əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri, ˈwɪmən wər pleɪɪŋ ə ˈræpədli ɪkˈspændɪŋ roʊl ɛz ˈwərkərz ɪn ðə groʊɪŋ ˈɪndəstriz əv ðə juz., səʧ ɛz ˈtɛkˌstaɪlz. ðeɪ feɪst ˈgruɪlɪŋ, ˈfɪlθi ənd ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈwərkɪŋ kənˈdɪʃənz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈfæktəriz, æt loʊ peɪ fər lɔŋ aʊərz. ˈwɪmən ˈwərkərz bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz əˈgɛnst ðiz ˈhɔrəbəl ˈwərkɪŋ ˈəðər ˈwɪmən bɪˈgæn tɪ dɪˈmænd ə vɔɪs ɪn ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈprɔˌsɛs baɪ ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə voʊt, ər ˈsəfrɪʤ. ɪn 1908 səm mɑrʧt ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti mɑrʧt fər ˈʃɔrtər wərk aʊərz, ˈbɛtər peɪ ənd ən ɛnd tɪ ʧaɪld ˈleɪbər, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈvoʊtɪŋ raɪts. ðeɪ mɑrʧt ˈəndər ðə ˈbænər "brɛd ənd ðə ˈvɪʒən ðət ðɛr ˈstrəgəl wɑz əˈbaʊt ˈɛvriˈdeɪ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈmændz ənd ðə raɪt tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ fid ðɛr ˈfæməliz, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ðə raɪt tɪ ə ˈbɛtər kˈwɑləti əv laɪf. ɪn 1909 ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl əˈtɛndəd ˈwɪmənz deɪ ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz ðət juz. ˈsoʊʃəlɪsts hæd kɔld, ənd ˈleɪtər ðət jɪr, ˈwɪmən ˈtɛkˌstaɪl ˈwərkərz ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ə ˈʤɛnərəl straɪk fər ˈbɛtər peɪ ənd ˈwərkɪŋ kənˈdɪʃənz. ðə "ˈraɪzɪŋ əv ðə ɛz ɪt wɑz kɔld, wɑz ə straɪk əv jəŋ ˈɪməgrənt əv ðɛm wərkt ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪtiz ˈgɑrmənt ˈɪndəstri. ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn kruəl ənd ˈəndərˈpeɪd kənˈdɪʃənz ɪn wɪʧ ˈbɔsɪz ˈɔfən fɔrst ˈwərkərz tɪ peɪ fər ðə ˈnidəlz ənd θrɛd ðeɪ juzd, ðə voʊt tɪ straɪk ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst juˈnænəməs əˈməŋ ðə ˈwərkərz, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈmɛni əˈfɪʃəl ˈjunjən ˈlidərz ərʤd ˈkɔʃən. wən əv ðə straɪks ˈlidərz wɑz ˈklɛrə, ə 19-year-old*, hu wɑz ɔˈrɛdi ə ˈvɛtərən ˈæktɪvɪst, ˈhævɪŋ bɪn ərˈɛstɪd 17 ˈhævɪŋ ʤɪst ˈgɔtən aʊt əv ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈæftər ə ˈbitɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈpɪkɪt laɪn. æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə fɪrs straɪk, ˈwərkərz wən ə ˈʃɔrtər ˈwərkˌwik ənd fɔr ˈhɑləˌdeɪz wɪθ peɪ, ənd ˈwərkərz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər hæd tɪ prəˈvaɪd ðɛr oʊn tulz. bət ðeɪ ˈdɪdənt gɪt ˈjunjən ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən. ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ɔn ðə ʃɑp flɔr strɔŋ ɪˈnəf tɪ teɪk ɔn ðə ˈkəmpəˌni əraʊnd ˈɪʃuz laɪk ˈseɪfti ənd hɛlp ɛnˈfɔrs ɔˈrɛdi ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ lɔz bɪˈkeɪm ˈklɪrər ðən ˈɛvər ɪn 1911 wɪn ə faɪər æt ðə ˈtraɪˌæŋgəl ˈfæktəri kɪld 146 wər fɔrst baɪ ðə bleɪz tɪ ʤəmp aʊt əv ˈwɪndoʊz. bət ðoʊ ˈbɛtər ˈwərkɪŋ kənˈdɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈgɑrmənt ˈɪndəstri wər fɑr frəm əˈkɑmplɪʃt, ðə 1909 straɪk mɑrkt ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ðə ˈstrəgəl fər ˈwɪmən ˈwərkərz tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz. ɛz sɛd, "ðeɪ juzd tɪ seɪ ju ˈkʊdənt ˈivɪn ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ˈwɪmən. ðeɪ ˈwʊdənt kəm tɪ ˈjunjən ˈmitɪŋz. ðeɪ wər 'ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈwərkərz.' wɛl, wi ʃoʊd ðɛm!" ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ðiz breɪv ˈstrəgəlz ɪn ðə juz., ˈklɛrə kɔld ɔn əˈtɛnˈdiz æt ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkɑnfərəns əv ˈwərkɪŋ ˈwɪmən ɪn 1910 tɪ səˈpɔrt ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈwɪmənz deɪ ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən ənd ə ˈplætˌfɔrm fər ˈsoʊʃəlɪsts ðət pʊt ˈfɔrwərd boʊθ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈmændz fər ˈwɪmən ˈwərkərz. ɪn ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈdɛləˌgeɪts hu bɪˈlivd ðət ɪt wʊd bi mɔr "ˌriəˈlɪstɪk" tɪ kənˈfaɪn ðɛr dɪˈmænd tɪ ˈpɑrʃəl ˈsəfrɪʤ fər ˈwɪmən, ˈkipɪŋ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈprɑpərti ənd ˈɪnˌkəm riˈstrɪkʃənz,, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈrəʃən ˈdɛləˌgeɪt ˌælɪgˈzændrə, ˈɑrgjud fər ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈsəfrɪʤ, ˈlɪŋkɪŋ ðə ˈstrəgəl fər ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl raɪts əv ˈwɪmən wɪθ ðɛr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk raɪts. ðɛr ˌrɛzəˈluʃən pæst. ɪn 1911 ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈwɪmənz deɪ ˈsɛrəˌmoʊniz tʊk pleɪs ɪn moʊst ˈmeɪʤər ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈsɪtiz. dɪˈskraɪbd ðə fərst jɪr əv ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃənz: ɪts səkˈsɛs ɪkˈsidɪd ɔl ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən. ˈʤərməni ənd ˈɔstriə ɔn ˈwərkɪŋ ˈwɪmənz deɪ wɑz wən ˈsiðɪŋ, ˈtrɛmbəlɪŋ si əv ˈwɪmən. ˈmitɪŋz wər ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ðə smɔl taʊnz ənd ˈivɪn ɪn ðə ˈvɪlɪʤɪz, hɔlz wər pækt soʊ fʊl ðət ðeɪ hæd tɪ æsk meɪl ˈwərkərz tɪ gɪv əp ðɛr ˈpleɪsɪz fər ðə ˈwɪmən. ðɪs wɑz ˈsərtənli ðə fərst ʃoʊ əv ˈmɪlətənsi baɪ ðə ˈwərkɪŋ ˈwʊmən. mɛn steɪd æt hoʊm wɪθ ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən fər ə ʧeɪnʤ, ənd ðɛr waɪvz, ðə ˈkæptɪv ˈhaʊsˌwaɪvz, wɛnt tɪ ˈmitɪŋz. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst strit ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz, ɪn wɪʧ wər ˈteɪkɪŋ pɑrt, ðə pəˈlis ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ riˈmuv ðə ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtərz' ˈbænərz: ðə ˈwɪmən ˈwərkərz meɪd ə stænd. ɪn ðə ˈskəfəl ðət ˈfɑloʊd, ˈblədˌʃɛd wɑz əˈvərtəd ˈoʊnli wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈdɛpjətiz ɪn ˈpɑrləmɛnt. ənd ʤɪst ɛz ðə ˈstrəgəlz əv ˈwərkɪŋ ˈwɪmən ɪn ðə juz. spɑrkt ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl deɪz əv ˈækʃən tɪ dɪˈmænd raɪts fər ˈwɪmən ˈɛvriˌwɛr, ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈwɪmənz deɪ ˈproʊˌtɛsts ɪn ˈrəʃə ɪn 1917 hɛlpt spɑrk ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ðət wʊd ˌɪnˈspaɪr ˈwərkərz ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə wərld. ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1917 ˈrəʃən ˈwɪmən ˈgæðərd ɔn ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈwɪmənz deɪ tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst ɪn ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə wɔr, haɪ ˈpraɪsɪz ənd ðə kənˈdɪʃənz əv ˈwɪmən ˈwərkərz. ðɪs bɪˈkeɪm ðə fərst deɪ əv ðə ˈrəʃən ˌrɛvəˈluʃən, ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ ə straɪk weɪv θruaʊt ðə ˈkəntri. ˈwɪmən ˈwərkərz tʊk ðə lɛd ɪn ðə ˈstrəgəl, ɛz dɪd ðɛr dɪˈmændz, ənd ˈæftər ðə ɑkˈtoʊbər ˌrɛvəˈluʃən, ˈrəʃən ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛriz pʊt ˈɪntu ˈifɛkt rɪˈfɔrmz ðət kʊd hæv ə ril ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə lɪvz əv ˈwɪmən ˈwərkərz, səʧ ɛz ˈikwəl peɪ fər ˈikwəl wərk, ˈfridəm tɪ dɪˈvɔrs, peɪd məˈtərnɪti liv ənd ˈteɪkɪŋ lɔz ɔf ðə bʊks ðət ˈkrɪmənəˌlaɪzd ˌhoʊmoʊˌsɛkʃuˈæləˌti. ənd ðeɪ əˈtɛmptəd ɛz bɛst ɛz ðeɪ kʊd, kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ˈʃɔrtɪʤ əv ˈrisɔrsɪz ɪn ˈrəʃən soʊˈsaɪɪti, tɪ kriˈeɪt ðə kənˈdɪʃənz ɪn wɪʧ ˌlɪˌbərˈeɪʃən kʊd bɪˈgɪn tɪ ˈblɑsəm. ðɪs mɛnt ɪn lɑrʤ pɑrt friɪŋ ˈwɪmən frəm ðə ˈdəbəl ˈbərdən ðeɪ bɛr ɪn ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ kəmˈjunəl ˈrɛˌstrɑnts, ʧaɪld kɛr ˈsɛnərz ənd ˈlɔndriz. ðə ˈrəʃən ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈlɛnɪn mɪnst noʊ wərdz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ˈhaʊsˌwərk: ˌnɑtwɪθˈstændɪŋ ɔl ðə lɔz ɪˈmænsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ˈwʊmən, ʃi kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi ə dəˈmɛstɪk sleɪv, bɪˈkəz ˈpɛˌti ˈhaʊsˌwərk ˈkrəʃɪz, strangles*, ənd dɪˈgreɪdz hər, ʧeɪnz hər tɪ ðə ˈkɪʧən ənd ðə ˈnərsəri, ənd ʃi weɪsts hər ˈleɪbər ɔn ˌənprəˈdəktɪv, ˈpɛˌti, ˌnərvˈrækɪŋ, ˈstəltəˌfaɪɪŋ ənd ˈkrəʃɪŋ ˈdrəʤəri. ðə ril ɪˌmænsəˈpeɪʃən əv ˈwɪmən, ril ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm, wɪl bɪˈgɪn ˈoʊnli wɛr ənd wɪn ən ˈɔˈlaʊt ˈstrəgəl bɪˈgɪnz (lɛd baɪ ðə ˌproʊləˈtɛriət ˈwildɪŋ ðə steɪt paʊər) əˈgɛnst ðɪs ˈpɛˌti ˈhaʊˌskipɪŋ, ər ˈrəðər wɪn ɪts ˈhoʊlˌseɪl ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən ˈɪntu ə ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ɪˈkɑnəmi bɪˈgɪnz. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ˈwərkərz' paʊər ɪn ˈrəʃə wɑz ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɛz sun ɛz ðə ˈstɑlɪnɪst ˌkaʊntərrɛvəˈluʃən keɪm ˈɪntu paʊər, ðə ˈstætəs əv ˈwɪmən ˈdræstɪkli dɪˈklaɪnd. ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn ˈrəʃə ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ðət ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm, ənd əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ɪt tru ˈwɪmənz ˌlɪˌbərˈeɪʃən, ˈkænɑt ˈsɪmpli bi dɪˈkrid ˈɪntu ɪgˈzɪstəns, bət ðə məˈtɪriəl kənˈdɪʃənz fər ɪkˈwɑləti hæv tɪ bi kriˈeɪtɪd. ðɪs minz ðət ðə wɛlθ ənd əˈbəndəns ðət ɪz ˈkərəntli dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ðə ˈprɑfɪt əv ðə fju æt ðə tɔp əv soʊˈsaɪɪti məst bi dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ðə nidz əv ðə ɔl. ðɪs ɪz ə faɪt ðət kən ˈoʊnli bi wən baɪ kəmˈbætɪŋ ðə aɪˈdiəz ðət dɪˈvaɪd mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən ˈwərkərz, ənd baɪ ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs təˈgɛðər ɪn ˈækʃənz ðət meɪk juz ðə ˈpipəl hu ˈæˌkʧuəli wɔnt tɪ teɪk əˈweɪ ɑr raɪts, ˈwɛðər ɪts ˈhɔsni muˈbɑrɪk ɪn ˈiʤɪpt ər ðə foʊz əv əˈbɔrʃən raɪts ənd ˈwərkərz' raɪts ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. dɪˈvaɪdɪd, wi ər wik. təˈgɛðər, wi ər ˈstrɔŋgər.
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march 8, 2011
it's the 100th anniversary of the first international women's day, and newsweek is celebrating "150 women who shake the world."
while it includes a small selection of women rights activists, the list of shakers is weighted down by the likes of secretary of state hillary clinton, former national security advisor condoleezza rice and german chancellor angela merkel--women whose foreign policy decisions only make the lives of women in most of the world worse.
and if the definition of "powerful women" is their ability to amass wealth and influence at the expense of others, then the newsweek list does its job--it includes billionaire melinda gates, former washington, d.c., school "reform" guru michelle rhee and former first lady laura bush.
but if you're looking for powerful women who oppose exploitation, newsweek is probably the wrong place to look. because the source of women's power--and the real legacy of international women's day--is in protests and strikes that are part of a long and rich history of the women workers' movement internationally.
women picketing during the 1909 new york city garment workers strike
this power was demonstrated just a few weeks ago in cairo's tahrir square--as men and women gathered in protests that took down egyptian dictator hosni mubarak.
asmaa mahfouz, one of the founders of the april 6 youth movement who helped initiate the call for protests on january 25, described the transformation that took place in the square: "this is the first time in my life...i was not sexually harassed in a public square. the thousands of men in that square treated me like a human being."
it was here, on the streets in the midst of revolution, that women could begin to get a taste of the equality that they had long been fighting for.
this is the real significance of international women's day--that a woman's place is in the revolution. it's in the struggle that women and men can come together and strive for true liberation and equality.
international women's day was first called in 1910 at the second international conference of working women, led by german socialist clara zetkin. it was inspired by the struggles of women workers in the u.s., particularly textile workers in new york city, who organized a massive march in march 1908.
in the early part of the 20th century, women were playing a rapidly expanding role as workers in the growing industries of the u.s., such as textiles. they faced grueling, filthy and dangerous working conditions inside the factories, at low pay for long hours.
women workers began to organize against these horrible working conditions--and other women began to demand a voice in the political process by getting the vote, or suffrage. in 1908, some 15,000 marched in new york city marched for shorter work hours, better pay and an end to child labor, as well as voting rights.
they marched under the banner "bread and roses"--with the vision that their struggle was about everyday economic demands and the right to be able to feed their families, but also the right to a better quality of life.
in 1909, thousands of people attended women's day demonstrations that u.s. socialists had called, and later that year, women textile workers organized a 13-week general strike for better pay and working conditions.
the "rising of the 20,000," as it was called, was a strike of young immigrant women--many of them teenagers--who worked in new york city's garment industry. working in cruel and underpaid conditions in which bosses often forced workers to pay for the needles and thread they used, the vote to strike in november was almost unanimous among the rank-and-file workers, even though many official union leaders urged caution.
one of the strike's rank-and-file leaders was clara lemlich, a ukrainian-born 19-year-old, who was already a veteran activist, having been arrested 17 times--and having just gotten out of the hospital after a beating on the picket line.
at the end of the fierce strike, workers won a shorter workweek and four holidays with pay, and workers no longer had to provide their own tools. but they didn't get union recognition. the importance of organization on the shop floor strong enough to take on the company around issues like safety and help enforce already existing laws became clearer than ever in 1911 when a fire at the triangle shirtwaist factory killed 146 workers--many were forced by the blaze to jump out of windows.
but though better working conditions in the garment industry were far from accomplished, the 1909 strike marked an important development in the struggle for women workers to organize. as lemlich said, "they used to say you couldn't even organize women. they wouldn't come to union meetings. they were 'temporary workers.' well, we showed them!"
inspired by these brave struggles in the u.s., clara zetkin called on attendees at the international conference of working women in 1910 to support an international women's day celebration and a platform for socialists that put forward both political and economic demands for women workers.
in opposition to several delegates who believed that it would be more "realistic" to confine their demand to partial suffrage for women, keeping existing property and income restrictions, zetkin, along with russian delegate alexandra kollantai, argued for universal suffrage, linking the struggle for the political rights of working-class women with their economic rights. their resolution passed.
in 1911, international women's day ceremonies took place in most major european cities. kollantai described the first year of celebrations:
its success exceeded all expectation. germany and austria on working women's day was one seething, trembling sea of women. meetings were organized everywhere--in the small towns and even in the villages, halls were packed so full that they had to ask male workers to give up their places for the women. this was certainly the first show of militancy by the working woman. men stayed at home with their children for a change, and their wives, the captive housewives, went to meetings. during the largest street demonstrations, in which 30,000 were taking part, the police decided to remove the demonstrators' banners: the women workers made a stand. in the scuffle that followed, bloodshed was averted only with the help of the socialist deputies in parliament.
and just as the struggles of working women in the u.s. sparked international days of action to demand rights for women everywhere, international women's day protests in russia in 1917 helped spark a revolution that would inspire workers all over the world.
in february 1917, russian women gathered on international women's day to protest in opposition to the war, high prices and the conditions of women workers. this became the first day of the russian revolution, inspiring a strike wave throughout the country.
women workers took the lead in the struggle, as did their demands, and after the october revolution, russian revolutionaries put into effect reforms that could have a real effect on the lives of women workers, such as equal pay for equal work, freedom to divorce, paid maternity leave and taking laws off the books that criminalized homosexuality.
and they attempted as best as they could, considering the shortage of resources in russian society, to create the conditions in which liberation could begin to blossom. this meant in large part freeing women from the double burden they bear in the home--by building communal restaurants, child care centers and laundries.
the russian revolutionary lenin minced no words about the nature of housework:
notwithstanding all the laws emancipating woman, she continues to be a domestic slave, because petty housework crushes, strangles, stultifies and degrades her, chains her to the kitchen and the nursery, and she wastes her labor on barbarously unproductive, petty, nerve-racking, stultifying and crushing drudgery. the real emancipation of women, real communism, will begin only where and when an all-out struggle begins (led by the proletariat wielding the state power) against this petty housekeeping, or rather when its wholesale transformation into a large-scale socialist economy begins.
unfortunately, workers' power in russia was isolated and therefore short-lived--and as soon as the stalinist counterrevolution came into power, the status of women drastically declined.
the experience in russia demonstrated that socialism, and alongside it true women's liberation, cannot simply be decreed into existence, but the material conditions for equality have to be created. this means that the wealth and abundance that is currently devoted to the profit of the few at the top of society must be devoted to the needs of the all.
this is a fight that can only be won by combating the ideas that divide men and women workers, and by bringing all of us together in actions that make use stronger--fighting the people who actually want to take away our rights, whether it's hosni mubarak in egypt or the foes of abortion rights and workers' rights in washington, d.c.
divided, we are weak. together, we are stronger.
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0 ʃɛrz ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər ˈgugəl prɪnt meɪl stəˈtɪstɪks ʃoʊ ðət waɪl ˈsɛrə ˈpælɪn meɪ feɪs səm ˈwɪspərz ənd ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm frəm ðoʊz ɪn hər oʊn ˈpɑrti, bɪˈkəz hər ˈprɛgnənt ˈtiˌneɪʤ ˈdɔtər gɪt ˈmɛrid, ˈbrɪstəl ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ðə nɔrm ɪn ðə juz. wɛr lɛs ðən 8 əv ˈtiˌneɪʤ mɑmz ˈmɛri ðə ˈfɑðər əv ðɛr ʧaɪld. ə prɛs riˈlis riˈlist pʊt aʊt baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl kæmˈpeɪn tɪ prɪˈvɛnt tin ənd ənˈplænd ˈprɛgnənsi, ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd səm ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ stəˈtɪstɪks ðət ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət 8 aʊt əv 10 ˈtiˌneɪʤ ˈfɑðərz ˈmɛri ðə ˈmɛri ðə ˈməðər əv ðɛr ʧaɪld, ənd ˈtiˌneɪʤ ˈməðərz hu ˈmɛri ðə ˈfɑðər ər ˈɔlsoʊ lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈmɛrid baɪ eɪʤ 35 ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˈkəlʧərəl daɪˈnæmɪk əˈgɛnst ˈtiˌneɪʤ ˈmɛrɪʤ. ɪn 1975 11 əv ˈtiˌneɪʤərz wər ˈmɛrid, bət baɪ 2002 ðɪs pərˈsɛnɪʤ hæd drɑpt tɪ ɪn 1980 52 əv tin bərθs əˈkərd ɪn ˈmɛrɪʤ. baɪ 2002 ðɪs ˈnəmbər hæd drɑpt tɪ 20 wən ˈəðər stəˈtɪstɪk sərvz tɪ rɪfˈjut ðə ˈsoʊʃəl kənˈsərvətɪv ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət ˈprɛgnənt tinz ʃʊd gɪt ˈmɛrid. tin ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ər twaɪs ɛz ˈlaɪkli tɪ feɪl ɛz ðoʊz ðət əˈkər wɪn ðə ˈwʊmən ɪz æt list 25 jɪrz oʊld. ðɪs wʊd sim tɪ bi ˈkɑmən sɛns, bɪˈkəz ə ˈʤɛnərəl rul ˈoʊldər ˈpipəl ər mɔr məˈʧʊr. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðiz stəˈtɪstɪks wʊd sim tɪ dil ə bloʊ tɪ ðə ˈsoʊʃəl kənˈsərvətɪv mɪθ ðət ˈprɛgnənt tin ˈkəpəlz ər ˈbɛtər ɔf ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈmɛrid. ənd bərθ ˈpætərnz əˈməŋ tinz hæv ʧeɪnʤd ˈoʊvər taɪm, ˈʃɪftɪŋ frəm ə ˈʤɛnərəl trɛnd əv ˈmɛriɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈprɛgnənsi, tɪ ˈmɛriɪŋ ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈprɛgnənsi, tɪ bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈprɛgnənt ənd nɑt marrying,”*,” sɛd ˈsɛrə braʊn, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl kæmˈpeɪn tɪ prɪˈvɛnt tin ənd ənˈplænd ˈprɛgnənsi. ðoʊ ˈmɛni ənˈmɛrid tin ˈməðərz hæv haɪ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz fər ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈmɛriɪŋ ðə ˈfɑðər əv ðɛr ʧaɪld, fju ˈɛvər do.”*.” ˈsɛrə ˈpælɪn ɪz drɔɪŋ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm, waɪl hər dɪˈsɪʒən ɪz biɪŋ preɪzd. ˈbɑni ərb ˈoʊvər æt ˈjuˈɛs nuz ənd wərld rɪˈpɔrt roʊt ðət, wɛr aɪ sɪt, ˈbrɪstəl ˈpælɪn dɪˈspleɪz ə lɔt mɔr ˈpərsɪnəl məˈʧʊrəti ənd dɪˈsɪʒənˌmeɪkɪŋ əˈbɪləˌti ðən hər ˈməðər, hu ˈɑbviəsli traɪd tɪ pərsˈweɪd ˈbrɪstəl tɪ wɛd hər daddy…*… ɪz ðɪs gʊd fər hər pəˈlɪtɪkəl kərɪr? ˈɑbviəsli nɑt. ˈsoʊʃəl kənˈsərvətɪvz bɪˈliv ˈstrɔŋli ðə ˈdɔtər ʃʊd hæv bɪn fɔrst ˈɪntu marriage.”*.” aɪ θɪŋk ðət ðɪs hoʊl ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ʃoʊz ðə ˈfæləsi əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl conservatives’*’ pəˈzɪʃən ɔn ˈtiˌneɪʤ sɛks. ˈæbstənəns wərk, ənd ˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈtiˌneɪʤərz tɪ gɪt ˈmɛrid ɪz ə ˈrɛsəpi fər kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈbroʊkən hoʊm ðət wʊd ˈbɛnəfɪt ðə ʧaɪld lɛs ðən biɪŋ ɪn ə ˈləvɪŋ ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpɛrənt hoʊm. ˌɔlˈðoʊ səm rɪˈpəblɪkənz wɔnt tɪ feɪs ɪt, ˈbrɪstəl ˈpælɪn ɪz ðə nɔrm, nɑt ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən. ɪf ˈrɛdi tɪ rɛd mɔr frəm ðə ənd tim, saɪn əp fər ɑr ˈnuzˌlɛtər hir! iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs: liv ðɪs fild ˈɛmti ɪf jʊr ˈjumən:
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statistics show that while sarah palin may face some whispers and criticism from those in her own party, because her pregnant teenage daughter didn’t get married, bristol palin’s situation is actually the norm in the u.s. where less than 8% of teenage moms marry the father of their child.
a press release released put out by the national campaign to prevent teen and unplanned pregnancy, highlighted some interesting statistics that pointed out that 8 out of 10 teenage fathers marry the marry the mother of their child, and teenage mothers who marry the father are also less likely to be married by age 35. there is also a changing cultural dynamic against teenage marriage. in 1975, 11% of teenagers were married, but by 2002 this percentage had dropped to 2.5%. in 1980, 52% of teen births occurred in marriage. by 2002, this number had dropped to 20%.
one other statistic serves to refute the social conservative argument that pregnant teens should get married. teen marriages are twice as likely to fail as those that occur when the woman is at least 25 years old. this would seem to be common sense, because a general rule older people are more mature. however, these statistics would seem to deal a blow to the social conservative myth that pregnant teen couples are better off getting married.
“marriage and birth patterns among teens have changed over time, shifting from a general trend of marrying before pregnancy, to marrying as a result of pregnancy, to becoming pregnant and not marrying,” said sarah brown, ceo of the national campaign to prevent teen and unplanned pregnancy. “even though many unmarried teen mothers have high expectations for eventually marrying the father of their child, few ever do.”
sarah palin is drawing criticism, while her daughter’s decision is being praised. bonnie erbe over at us news and world report wrote that, “from where i sit, bristol palin displays a lot more personal maturity and decision-making ability than her mother, who obviously tried to persuade bristol to wed her “baby daddy… is this good for her mother’s political career? obviously not. social conservatives believe strongly the daughter should have been forced into marriage.”
i think that this whole episode shows the fallacy of the social conservatives’ position on teenage sex. abstinence doesn’t work, and forcing teenagers to get married is a recipe for creating a broken home that would benefit the child less than being in a loving single parent home. although some republicans want to face it, bristol palin is the norm, not the exception.
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tempo.co*, ʤəˈkɑrtə mərˈin əˈfɛrz ənd ˈfɪʃəri ˈmɪnɪstri wɪl ɪkˈstɛnd ðə bæn ɔn ʃɑrk fɪn ˈɛkspɔrts, sɛd ðə dɪˈrɛktərət ˈʤɛnərəl ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv mərˈin speɪs ˈmænɪʤmənt dermawan*. meɪ bi ɪkˈstɛndɪd, bət aɪ noʊ when,”*,” hi sɛd ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. ʃɑrk fɪn ˈɛkspɔrt həz əˈfɪʃəli bɪn səˈspɛndɪd ˈæftər mərˈin əˈfɛrz ənd ˈfɪʃəri ˈmɪnɪstər ˈsusi ˈɪʃud ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 10 2014 ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən noʊ. rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ə bæn ɔn ənd ˌoʊʃiˈænɪk ʃɑrks ənˈtɪl noʊˈvɛmbər 2015 ɪt hæd sɪns bɪn ɪkˈstɛndɪd wɪθ mərˈin əˈfɛrz ənd ˈfɪʃəri ˈmɪnɪstri ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən noʊ. wɪʧ ɪz ˈifɛktɪv ənˈtɪl dɪˈsɛmbər 31 2016 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə wɑz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ʃɑrk fɪn ɪkˈspɔrtər. ɪn 2012 fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ɪkˈspɔrtəd 434 tənz əv ʃɑrk fɪn wərθ ˈoʊvər ˈmɪljən, ðə ˈsɛntrəl stəˈtɪstɪks ˈeɪʤənsi (bps*) rɪˈkɔrdɪd. hi sɛd ðət ðə ˈmɪnɪstri həz ʤɔɪnd hænz wɪθ ˈrisərʧərz tɪ kaʊnt ðə ˈnəmbər əv ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd ʃɑrk ˈspiʃiz lɛft ɪn ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə. ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə bæn ɔn ˈɛkspɔrt ənd ˈhəntɪŋ wɪl bi beɪst ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ðə ˈrisərʧ. dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈɛkspɔrt bæn, ˈhəntɪŋ ənd treɪd əv ˈsərtən ʃɑrk ˈspiʃiz fər dəˈmɛstɪk kənˈsəmʃən ər stɪl əˈlaʊd. sɛd sɪns 2013 faɪv ʃɑrk ˈspiʃiz hæv bɪn ˈlɪstɪd ɛz ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd, fɔr əv wɪʧ heɪld frəm ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ənd ˌoʊʃiˈænɪk ʃɑrks. ʃɑrks ˌɪnˈklud lewini*, zygaena*, dæn mokarran*, wɛˈræz ˌoʊʃiˈænɪk ʃɑrks ˌɪnˈklud longimanus*. dɪˈspaɪt ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈɛkspɔrt bæn, rɛr ʃɑrk fɪn sˈməgəlɪŋ kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ˈhæpən. ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri, dɪˈrɛktərət əv ˈkəstəmz ənd ˈɛksaɪz əv ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈmɪnɪstri ˈɔfəs, surabaya*, fɔɪld ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ sˈməgəl 20 tənz əv ʃɑrk fɪnz ənd ˈʤɛliˌfɪʃ tɪ hɔŋ kɔŋg. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, mərˈin əˈfɛrz ənd ˈfɪʃəri ˈmɪnɪstər ˈsusi vaʊz tɪ ɛnˈhæns ðə tæsk fɔrs 115 hu ər tæskt wɪθ ɪˈrædəˌkeɪtɪŋ ˌɪˈligəl ˈfɪʃɪŋ ˈpræktɪsɪz. wɪl dɪˈplɔɪ ˈkəstəm ˈɛksaɪz ənd ðə tæsk fɔrs ˌpərsəˈnɛl tɪ ˈmɑnətər smuggling,”*,” ˈmɪnɪstər ˈsusi sɛd. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈoʊʃənz kæmˈpeɪnər əv ˈgrinˌpis ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə həz ərʤd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ du mɔr ðən ʤɪst ˈbænɪŋ ʃɑrk ˌɪmˈpɔrts. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ɪm, ʃɑrk fɪn kənˈsəmʃən ɪn ʧaɪˈniz ˈrɛˌstrɑnts həz ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðə dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ðə ˈspiʃiz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ nɑt ɛz haɪ ɛz ˈfɔrən dɪˈmænd. ˈgəvərnmənt məst sɛt əp ənd ɪˈstæblɪʃ ˈbɛtər ənd mɔr ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv policies,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈɑmɑd
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tempo.co, jakarta - marine affairs and fishery ministry will extend the ban on shark fin exports, said the ministry’s directorate general secretary of marine space management agus dermawan. “it may be extended, but i don’t know when,” he said saturday.
shark fin export has officially been suspended after marine affairs and fishery minister susi pudjiastuti issued on december 10, 2014, regulation no. 59/2014 regarding a ban on hammerhead and oceanic whitetip sharks until november 2015. it had since been extended with marine affairs and fishery ministry regulation no. 34/2015, which is effective until december 31, 2016.
according to agus, indonesia was the world’s largest shark fin exporter. in 2012, for example, indonesia exported 434 tons of shark fin worth over us$6 million, the central statistics agency (bps) recorded.
he said that the ministry has joined hands with researchers to count the number of endangered shark species left in indonesia. the regulation about the ban on export and hunting will be based on the outcome of the research. despite the export ban, hunting and trade of certain shark species for domestic consumption are still allowed.
agus said since 2013 five shark species have been listed as endangered, four of which hailed from indonesia, including hammerhead and oceanic whitetip sharks. hammerhead sharks include sphyrna lewini, sphyrna zygaena, dan sphyrna mokarran, whereas oceanic whitetip sharks include carcharhinus longimanus.
despite the official export ban, rare shark fin smuggling continues to happen. in february, directorate of customs and excise of finance ministry tanjung perak office, surabaya, foiled an attempt to smuggle 20 tons of shark fins and jellyfish to hong kong.
therefore, marine affairs and fishery minister susi pudjiastuti vows to enhance the task force 115, who are tasked with eradicating illegal fishing practices. “we will deploy custom & excise and the task force personnel to monitor smuggling,” minister susi pudjiastuti said.
meanwhile, oceans campaigner of greenpeace indonesia sumardi ariansyah has urged the government to do more than just banning shark imports. according to him, shark fin consumption in chinese restaurants has also contributed to the declining population of the species, although not as high as foreign demand. “the government must set up and establish better and more comprehensive policies,” he said.
danang firmanto | ahmad faiz
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ðə ˈkrɪsməs ˈaɪlənd ˈprɑvɪns ɪz ən ɪkˈstɛnsɪv zoʊn əv ɪn ðə ˌnɔrˈθist ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən, kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv ˈnumərəs səbˈmərʤd ənd guyots*. wɪˈθɪn ðɪs ˈriʤən laɪz tu ˈaɪlənd grups, ˈkrɪsməs ˈaɪlənd, ənd ðə ˈkoʊˌkoʊz ˈkilɪŋ ˌɑrʧəpəˈleɪˌgoʊ. ˈkrɪsməs ˈaɪlənd həz ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈməltəpəl ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz əv ðət ər ɪkˈspoʊzd spərˈædɪkli əˈlɔŋ ɪts ˈkoʊˌstlaɪn. hir, wi ˈdeɪtɪd ðiz ˈjuzɪŋ ənd ðɛm fər paleomagnetism*. ðə ˈoʊldəst ɪkˈspoʊzd əˈkərd ɪn ðə ˈiəˌsin bɪtˈwin 43 ənd 37 mɑ. ðɪs ɪz ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə taɪm gæp əv 33 ˈmɪljən jɪrz, ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌɪˈrəpʃən əv ə ˈjəŋgər ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd əv ˈplaɪəˌsin eɪʤ mɑ). ɪt həz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, bɪn səˈʤɛstɪd baɪ ˈpriviəs ˈwərkərz ðət ðɛr ɪz ə məʧ ˈoʊldər leɪt krɪˈteɪʃɪs ɪˈvɛnt bɪˈniθ ðə ˈlaɪmˌstoʊn wɪʧ ɪz unexposed*. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðɪs ˈstədi kənˈdəktəd ðə fərst æˈnælɪsɪs əv ˈsæmpəlz frəm ˈkrɪsməs ˈaɪlənd tɪ dɪˈtərmən ɪts ənd ðə poʊˈlɛrəti əv ðə ˈsæmpəld saɪts. tu ˈnɔrməl ənd tu rɪˈvərsəl mægˈnɛtɪk ɪˈvɛnts hæv bɪn rɪˈkɔrdɪd, ðət əˈgri wɪθ ðə ˌʤioʊmægˈnɛtɪk rɪˈvərsəl timescales*. leɪt ˈiəˌsin mɑ) ˈdætə səˈʤɛst ə əv wɪʧ ɪz ˈfərðər saʊθ ðən (əraʊnd ɛs) dəraɪvd frəm ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ pleɪt ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən ˈmɑdəlz fər ðə ɔˈstreɪljən pleɪt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə leɪt ˈiəˌsin ˈdætə ər ˈlɪmɪtɪd (ˈoʊnli tu saɪts) ənd ˈsɛkjələr ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən meɪ nɑt hæv bɪn ˈævrɪʤd aʊt. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈplaɪəˌsin (ˈsiˈeɪ. 4 mɑ) wi ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ə əv əˈprɑksəmətli ɛs. ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ðə leɪt ˈiəˌsin ˈeɪʤɪz æt ˈkrɪsməs ˈaɪlənd ˈkɔrələts wɛl wɪθ ðə ˌsɛˈseɪʃən əv ˈsprɛdɪŋ əv ðə ˈwɔrtən rɪʤ 43 mɑ), ðə ˌɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˈsprɛdɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ðə saʊθ ist ˈɪndiən rɪʤ, ənd ðə ˈtrænzɪt əv ˈkrɪsməs ˈaɪlənd ˈoʊvər ə brɔd loʊ vəˈlɑsəti zoʊn ɪn ðə ˈəpər ˈmæntəl. ðɪs səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn strɛs rəˈʒimz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə tɛkˈtɑnɪk əv ðə ˈriʤən (praɪər tɪ~ 43 mɑ) meɪ hæv əˈlaʊd ˈmæntəl mɛlts tɪ raɪz. ˈsɪmələrli, ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə strɛs rəˈʒim æt ðə bəlʤ əv ðə zoʊn meɪ bi ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪtɪd ɪn rɪˈnud ˈmɛltɪŋ æt 4 mɑ, səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət tɛkˈtɑnɪk ˈstrɛsɪz hæv ɪgˈzərtɪd ə ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə ˈtaɪmɪŋ ənd ɪmˈpleɪsmənt əv æt ˈkrɪsməs ˈaɪlənd.
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the christmas island seamount province is an extensive zone of volcanism in the northeast indian ocean, consisting of numerous submerged seamounts and flat-topped guyots. within this region lies two subaerial island groups, christmas island, and the cocos keeling archipelago. christmas island has experienced multiple episodes of volcanism that are exposed sporadically along its coastline. here, we dated these volcanics using 40ar/39ar geochronology and analysed them for paleomagnetism. the oldest exposed volcanism occurred in the eocene between 43 and 37 ma. this is followed by a time gap of ~ 33 million years, before the eruption of a younger episode of pliocene age (4.32 ± 0.17 ma). it has, however, been suggested by previous workers that there is a much older late cretaceous event beneath the limestone which is unexposed. in addition, this study conducted the first paleomagnetic analysis of samples from christmas island to determine its paleoposition and the paleomagnetic polarity of the sampled sites. two normal and two reversal magnetic events have been recorded, that agree with the geomagnetic reversal timescales. late eocene (38–39 ma) palaeomagnetic data suggest a palaeolatitude of − 43.5° − 11.2° + 9.0°, which is further south than palaeolatitudes (around 30° s) derived from existing plate reconstruction models for the australian plate. however, the late eocene palaeomagnetic data are limited (only two sites) and secular variation may not have been averaged out. during the pliocene (ca. 4 ma) we estimate a palaeolatitude of approximately 13° s. the presence of the late eocene ages at christmas island correlates well with the cessation of spreading of the wharton ridge (~ 43 ma), the initiation of spreading along the south east indian ridge, and the transit of christmas island over a broad low velocity zone in the upper mantle. this suggests that changes in stress regimes following the tectonic reorganisation of the region (prior to~ 43 ma) may have allowed deeper-origin mantle melts to rise. similarly, changes in the plate's stress regime at the flexural bulge of the sunda–java subduction zone may be implicated in renewed melting at ~ 4 ma, suggesting that tectonic stresses have exerted a first-order effect on the timing and emplacement of volcanism at christmas island.
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[mks_dropcap* style=”square”*” ˌoʊˈbɑmə həz bɪn θroʊn aʊt əv ə ˈmɛmbərz ˈoʊnli ˈnaɪtˌkləb ɪn ˈæftər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ən ˌɑltərˈkeɪʃən wɪθ ə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈʤərnəlɪst. ˈmɑliə ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɑz ˈspɑtɪd ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ æt ðə ˈpɑrlər, ən ɪkˈsklusɪv ˈsoʊhoʊ kləb, fər ə ɪˈvɛnt. ˈmɑliə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz ˈoʊnli 18 bət ðət ˈdɪdənt stɑp hər frəm ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈælkəˌhɑl ˌɪˈligəli æt ðə ɪˈvɛnt əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈwɪtnəsɪz. mɑrˈtinə əˈtɛndəd ðə ɪˈvɛnt wɪθ ˈluʃən, ʃi wɑz ðə fərst tɪ spɑt ˈmɑliə: ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈmɑliə spɔrts ðə ˈgeɪtˌweɪ ˈluʃən. ˈmɑliə bɪˈgæn ˈjɛlɪŋ æt: ˈməltəpəl ˈwɪtnəsɪz wɔʧt ɛz ˈmɑliə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ræn əp tɪ wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnt əv ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈtrəbəl. bɪˈlivz ˈmɑliə wɑz ˌɪnˈtɑksɪˌkeɪtɪd æt ðɪs pɔɪnt. hu wɑz ˈsərvɪŋ hər ˈælkəˌhɑl? əˈtɛmptəd tɪ snæp ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ˈmɑliə wɪʧ ɪnˈreɪʤd ðə spɔɪld bræt. ˈmɑliə æst tɪ kənˈfərm hu hi wɑz ˌbiˈfɔr əˈkɑstɪŋ ɪm ənd seɪɪŋ: ju ˈwɑnə hæv ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən, sɪt daʊn, hæv ə ril conversation.”*.” rɪˈspɑndɪd baɪ seɪɪŋ ““absolutely*. sɪt daʊn ənd hæv ə conversation.”*.” ðɪs rɪˈspɑns sɛt ˈmɑliə ɔf, ʃi toʊld ʃi θɔt hi wɑz dɪsˈgəstɪŋ. ʃi wɑz kˈwɪkli ɛˈskɔrtɪd əˈweɪ baɪ hər ˈpərsɪnəl sɪˈkjʊrəti. wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈkæpʧər ə ʃɑt əv hər: ənd ˈkəmpəˌni kleɪm ðət ˈmɑliə ˈʃaʊtɪd boʊθ æt ɪm ənd ðət ʃi simd tɪ bi ˈvɪzəbli ənˈhɪnʤd. ˈfɔrʧənətli fər ˈmɑliə, hər sɪˈkjʊrəti wɑz ðɛr tɪ kip hər frəm ˈgɪtɪŋ hərˈsɛlf ˈɪntu ˈivɪn mɔr ˈtrəbəl. ðə kləb θˈrɛtənd ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ meɪk ɪm dɪˈlit ðə ˈpɪkʧər əv ˈmɑliə. ɪt əˈpɛrəntli ˈdɪdənt wərk: kleɪmz ðeɪ wər ˈlɛkʧərd baɪ kləb ɪmˈplɔɪiz ənd ðɛn θroʊn aʊt. ˈmɑliə ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ æst tɪ liv. ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət ˈmɑliə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz goʊɪŋ ɔf ðə reɪlz ɔn ə size=”medium”*” title=”source*: ˈgeɪtˌweɪ pundit”*” style=”rounded”*” url=”http://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2017/03/party-girl-malia-obama-freaks-accosts-white-house-correspondent-lucian-wintrich-exclusive-ny-club/”*/” target=”_blank”*” bg_color=”#1e73be”*” txt_color=”#ffffff”*” icon=”fa-newspaper-o”*” icon_type=”fa”*”
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[mks_dropcap style=”square” size=”52″ bg_color=”#dd3333″ txt_color=”#ffffff”]m[/mks_dropcap]alia obama has been thrown out of a members only nightclub in nyc after getting into an altercation with a conservative journalist. malia obama was spotted on saturday at the parlor, an exclusive soho club, for a 21-and-over event. malia obama is only 18, but that didn't stop her from drinking alcohol illegally at the event according to witnesses. martina markota attended the event with lucian wintrich, she was the first to spot malia:
eventually malia sports the gateway pundit's lucian wintrich. malia began yelling at wintrich:
multiple witnesses watched as malia obama ran up to wintrich with the intent of causing trouble. wintrich believes malia was intoxicated at this point. who was serving her alcohol? wintrich attempted to snap a picture of malia which enraged the spoiled brat. malia asked wintrich to confirm who he was before accosting him and saying: “if you wanna have a conversation, let’s sit down, let’s have a real conversation.”
wintrich responded by saying “absolutely. let’s sit down and have a conversation.” this response set malia off, she told wintrich she thought he was disgusting. she was quickly escorted away by her personal security. wintrich was able to capture a shot of her:
wintrich and company claim that malia shouted both at him and that she seemed to be visibly unhinged. fortunately for malia, her security was there to keep her from getting herself into even more trouble. the club threatened wintrich in an attempt to make him delete the picture of malia. it apparently didn't work:
markota claims they were lectured by club employees and then thrown out. malia obama was also asked to leave.
it appears that malia obama is going off the rails on a …
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ðɪs ˈpɑpjələr zuˈkini ˌtɔrˈtiəz ˈrɛsəpi ɪz wən əv ɑr moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˈrɛsəpiz ɔn ɑr saɪt, ərˈɪʤənəli ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2015 loʊ ˌtɔrˈtiəz meɪd wɪθ zuˈkini læst jɪr ɪn 2014 ɪt ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ ðɪs ˈkreɪzi zuˈkini tɔrˈtiə ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən bɪˈkəz wi ˈhɑrdli faɪnd ˈɛni ˈrɛfərəns tɪ zuˈkini ˌtɔrˈtiəz ˈɔnˌlaɪn. soʊ wi sɛd meɪk ˈhɛlθi zuˈkini ˈtɑkoʊ shells!”*!” waɪ nɑt? ˈɛvriˌwən wɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈpitsə krəsts wɪθ ˈkɑləˌflaʊər soʊ waɪ nɑt juz əp ɔl ðɪs ˈlɛfˌtoʊvər zuˈkini? ɛz ɑd ɛz ɪt ˈmɛni hæv ˈsaʊndɪd ɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli həz bɪˈkəm wən əv ɑr ˈfeɪvərɪt jɪr raʊnd ˈrɛsəpiz ənd bɪˈliv ˈfaɪnəli ˈʃɛrɪŋ ɪt ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə jɪr ˈleɪtər. wi ʃʊd hæv ʃɛrd ɪt raɪt əˈweɪ wɪn wi meɪd ɪt læst jɪr, bət ɑr ˈbɪzi kəˈmərʃəl fəˈtɑgrəfi lɪvz gɑt ɪn ðə weɪ. wɪn wi ˈdraʊnɪŋ ɪn zuˈkini ˈrɛsəpiz fər ɑr fˈjuʧər ˈmægəˌzin ˈprɑʤɛkt, wi hæd ðiz zuˈkini sɔft ˈtɑkoʊ tɔrˈtiə ʃɛlz ɔn ðə tɔp əv ɑr lɪst. wi ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd 5 əv ɑr ˈneɪbərz ˈoʊvər fər teɪst ˈtɛstɪŋ ɔn ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ɑr ˈmægəˌzin ˈrɛsəpiz ənd ðiz zuˈkini ˈtɑkoʊ ʃɛlz hæd səm əv ðə moʊst ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk rɪˈspɑnsɪz. ˈmeɪbi ɪt wɑz juˈnik ənd ˈsəmθɪŋ ðeɪ hæd ˈɛvər sin ər ˈteɪstɪd ˌbiˈfɔr. ər ˈmeɪbi ɪt wɑz ˈhɛlθi. wət ˈɛvər ɪt wɑz, ɪt wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈmɛnʃənd ɛz ðə ˈmɛmərəbəl ənd dɪˈlɪʃəs ˈteɪstɪŋ zuˈkini ˈrɛsəpi ˈɛvər hæd. θɪŋk bɪɔnd ðə ˈtɑkoʊ tɔrˈtiə ʃɛl ənd ðiz zuˈkini ˌtɔrˈtiəz ər ˈɔlsoʊ ə greɪt snæk. wi ʤɪst meɪd ðiz əˈgɛn təˈnaɪt ənd snækt ɔn ðə ʃɛlz əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ə mɑrˈtini ənd ˈwɪski saʊər. ðət əˈloʊn ɪz ə greɪt ˈpɛrɪŋ, ju ʃʊd traɪ ɪt wɪθ jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt bɪr ər ˈkɑkˌteɪl! mɔr ˈtɑkoʊ ˈrɛsəpiz ˈjuzɪŋ ðiz loʊ ˌtɔrˈtiəz ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə blɔg sun! ɑr ˈleɪtəst ˈvɪdioʊz -daɪæn ənd tɑd ˈvɪdioʊ: ˈhɛlθiər zuˈkini ˌtɔrˈtiəz ˈrɛsəpi haʊ tɪ meɪk ˌtɔrˈtiəz meɪd wɪθ ˈgreɪtɪd zuˈkini ɑr current–*–> zuˈkini ˈrɛsəpi kəˈlɛkʃən ənd zuˈkini ˈnudəl ˈrɛsəpiz
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this popular zucchini tortillas recipe is one of our most popular recipes on our site, originally published in july 2015.
low carb tortillas made with zucchini
last year in 2014 it started with this crazy zucchini tortilla inspiration because we couldn’t hardly find any reference to zucchini tortillas online. so we said “let’s make healthy zucchini taco shells!” why not? everyone was making pizza crusts with cauliflower so why not use up all this leftover zucchini? as odd as it many have sounded it actually has become one of our favorite year round recipes and can’t believe we’re finally sharing it almost a year later. we should have shared it right away when we made it last year, but our busy commercial photography lives got in the way.
when we drowning in zucchini recipes for our future magazine project, we had these zucchini soft taco tortilla shells on the top of our list. we invited 5 of our neighbors over for taste testing on the majority of our magazine recipes and these zucchini taco shells had some of the most enthusiastic responses. maybe it was unique and something they had ever seen or tasted before. or maybe it was healthy. what ever it was, it was always mentioned as the memorable and delicious tasting zucchini recipe they’ve ever had.
think beyond the taco tortilla shell and these zucchini tortillas are also a great snack. we just made these again tonight and snacked on the shells alongside a martini and whiskey sour. that alone is a great pairing, you should try it with your favorite beer or cocktail! more taco recipes using these low carb tortillas coming to the blog soon!
our latest videos
-diane and todd
video: healthier zucchini tortillas recipe :
how to make tortillas made with grated zucchini
here’s our current–> zucchini recipe collection and zucchini noodle recipes
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ɪt ɪz stɪl ənˈsərtən wət kɔzd ðə ɪkˈsploʊʒən ɔn bɔrd ˈprɪnsɛs aɪˈrin ənd ðə ˈsəbsəkwənt lɔs əv 352 lɪvz. ɛz ðə ˈaɪlənd rɪˈmɛmbərz ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv ðə ˈwɔrˌtaɪm dɪˈzæstər, wi lʊk bæk ɔn ðət ˈfeɪtfəl deɪ. ðə ɪkˈsploʊʒən ˈhæpənd ɪn riʧ, 400 jɑrdz ɔf pɔrt vɪkˈtɔriə ɔn ðə aɪl əv greɪn. ðə ˈprɪnsɛs aɪˈrin wɑz ə ˈpæsənʤər ˈlaɪnər kənˈvərtɪd tɪ ə. səm 352 mɛn ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ 78 ˈwərkərz frəm ˈʧætəm ənd daɪd, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈpipəl ɔn ʃɔr. ðə wɔr məˈmɔriəl wɪθ ðə neɪmz əv ðoʊz kɪld ɪn ðə ˈtræʤədi ðə ʃɪp hæd bɪn ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔn maɪnz brɔt daʊn ɪn ˈbɑrʤɪz frəm ər raʊnd frəm woolwich*. ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, meɪ 27 1915 ðə maɪnz wər biɪŋ ˈæktɪˌveɪtɪd ˈrɛdi fər hər θərd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən. ðə ˈdɑˌkjɑrd mɛn wər ðɛr tɪ ˈstrɛŋθən ðə ˈɪmprəˌvaɪzd gən dɛks. æt ðɛr wɑz ə trɪˈmɛndəs ɪkˈsploʊʒən, ənd ðɛn əˈnəðər. ə dɛns klaʊd əv ənd smoʊk ʃɑt tu maɪəlz ˈɪntu ðə ɛr. ən ˈɔfɪsər ɔn ə ʃɪp 100 jɑrdz əˈweɪ sɛd ðə nɔɪz wɑz ðə moʊst ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri ɪkˈspɪriəns əv hɪz laɪf. ðə ˈprɪnsɛs aɪˈrin simd tɪ bi hərld ˈɪntu ðə ɛr ə maɪl haɪ ɪn ˈfrægmənts. hi kʊd dɪˈstɪŋktli meɪk aʊt ðə fɔrmz əv mɛn əˈmɪd ðə flaɪɪŋ ˈrɛkɪʤ. ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈvɛsəl wɑz əˈpɔlɪŋ, ˈsədən ənd kəmˈplit, hi sɛd. dɪd nɑt goʊ daʊn ʃi ˈsɪmpli wɛnt əp ənd dɪˈstrɪbjətəd hər rɪˈmeɪnz ˈoʊvər ən ˈɛriə əv ə skɔr əv maɪəlz. ˈrɛkɪʤ frəm ðə ˈprɪnsɛs aɪˈrin blæst fɛl əp tɪ 20 maɪəlz əˈweɪ. ə gərl ɔn ðə aɪl əv greɪn wɑz strək ənd kɪld baɪ ə pis əv ˈmɛtəl waɪl ˈpipəl ɪn wər ˈɪnʤərd baɪ ˈfɑlɪŋ dəˈbri. frəm hɪz pəˈzɪʃən ɔn ðə stərn əv actaeon*, 500 jɑrdz əˈweɪ, ʤeɪmz ˈmænərz sɛd hi wɑz sˈlaɪtli deɪzd fər ə fju ˈsɛkəndz ˈæftər ðə ɪkˈsploʊʒən. bət ɔn ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ wɛr ðə ˈprɪnsɛs aɪˈrin hæd bɪn hi kʊd si ˈnəθɪŋ bət ə mæs əv fleɪmz ənd waɪt gæs. ðə ˈprɪnsɛs aɪˈrin mʊrd ɪn ðə ˈrɪvər hi sɛd hi sɔ tu maɪnz bərst əp ɪn ðə ɛr. tu ˈdɑˌkjɑrd ɪmˈplɔɪiz hæd lɛft ðə ɪn ə ˈgəvərnmənt ʤɪst ˈmɪnəts ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɪkˈsploʊʒən ənd wər laɪɪŋ ɔn ˈkʊʃənz ɪn ðə ˈkæbən. wən əv ðɛm, ʤɔrʤ ˌkɪlˈpætrɪk, sɛd ðeɪ hæd gɔn aʊt tɪ si wət hæd ˈhæpənd bət wər kəmˈpɛld tɪ sik ˈrɛfjuʤ frəm ðə dəˈbri wɪʧ wɑz ˈfɑlɪŋ ɔl əˈbaʊt ðɛm. wɪn ðeɪ wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈimərʤ wəns əˈgɛn frəm ðə ˈkæbən ðɛr wɑz noʊ saɪn əv ðə ˈprɪnsɛs aɪˈrin, wɪʧ ðeɪ hæd bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ʤɪst ə ʃɔrt waɪl ˌbiˈfɔr. ə ˈsɛkʃən əv stil frəm ðə ʃɪp weɪɪŋ ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd 10 tənz wɑz faʊnd ɔn ðə aɪl əv greɪn. æt ðə ɛnd əv ən ˈɪnkˌwɛst, ˈkæptən ʤeɪmz fairie*, ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə bɔrd əv ɪnkˈwaɪˌri ðət hæd bɪn sɛt əp, sɛd ɪt hæd bɪn kənˈkludɪd ðət ðə ʃɪp ɪkˈsploʊdɪd θru səm ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd kɔz. bət ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈɛvədəns əv bleɪm. ðə ˈkɔrənər ˈmɪstər ˈhɛrɪs sɛd ðə ʃɪp hæd ˈkɛrid ðə ˈmɪstəri əv hər feɪt wɪθ hər. bət ˈsəbsəkwənt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz kənˈkludɪd ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ðə ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm baɪ wɪʧ ðə maɪnz wər praɪmd fər ˈækʃən. ðɛr wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwiknəsɪz ɪn ˈwərkɪŋ prəˈsiʤərz. ʤɑn ˈsətən, ˈwɛrɪŋ hɪz ˈneɪvəl ˈjunəˌfɔrm, ɔn hɪz ˈwɛdɪŋ deɪ ɪn 1918 ˈiðər ə ˈdɛntəl əˈpɔɪntmənt ər ə ˌlæsˈmɪnət ˈtrænsfər seɪvd ə rɔɪəl ˈneɪvi frəm biɪŋ kɪld. ʤɑn ˈʤɛfri ˈsətən wɑz bɔrn ɪn ˈbraɪtən ɪn 1894 ənd ˌɛnˈlɪstɪd æt ˈpɔrtsməθ ɪn ʤun 1912 hi geɪnd ˈpɛˌti ˈɔfɪsər ˌsərtəfəˈkeɪʃən ɪn ʤun 1913 ənd ɪn mɑrʧ 1915 hi wɑz ˈtrænsfərd tɪ sərv ɔn ðə ˈprɪnsɛs aɪˈrin. hi wɑz ˈoʊnli 18 ənd baɪ ə ˈfɔrʧənət tərn əv ɪˈvɛnts hi wɑz nɑt ɔn ðə ˈvɛsəl æt ðə taɪm əv ðə ɪkˈsploʊʒən. hɪz ˈgrænˌdɔtər, ˈkɛrəlɪn ˈlɪtəl, sɪz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə bʊk ˈrɪtən baɪ ʤɑn ˈhɛndri hi hæd gɔn tɪ ðə ˈdɛntɪst ðət ˈmɔrnɪŋ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ʃi həz ˈɔlsoʊ rɛd, ˈæftər ˈdɛlvɪŋ ˈɪntu hɪz ˈneɪvəl ˈrɛkərdz, hi wɑz ˈtrænsfərd tɪ əˈnəðər ʃɪp æt ɔn meɪ 27 ʤɪst ˈoʊvər tu aʊərz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd ˈtræʤədi. ðɪs mæs greɪv ɪn ˈwʊˌdlændz ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri, ˈgɪlɪŋˌhæm, hoʊldz ˈbɑdiz əv mɛn hu daɪd ɪn ðə ˈprɪnsɛs aɪˈrin dɪˈzæstər hər ˈgrænˌfɑðər wɑz wən əv θri mɛn hu əˈvɔɪdɪd dɛθ ðət deɪ. ðɛr ər əˈkaʊnts ðət wən əv ðɛm hæd gɔn əˈʃɔr tɪ poʊst ə ˈlɛtər waɪl ðə ˈəðər meɪ hæv bɪn ˈæbsənt frəm wərk. ˈmɪsɪz ˈlɪtəl, hu həz floʊn ˈoʊvər frəm ɔˈstreɪljə tɪ əˈtɛnd ðə ˈsərvɪs təˈdeɪ, sɛd: wɑz ˈɑbviəsli lucky.”*.” wɪn æst ɪf hər ˈgrænˌfɑðər ˈɛvər brɔt əp hɪz ˈnɛroʊ ɪˈskeɪp, ðə sɛd: hi sɛd wɑz aʊt əv ɔl ðə ʃɪps hi wɑz ɔn, ðə ˈprɪnsɛs aɪˈrin wɑz bloʊn əp. tɛl ˈjuˈɛs waɪ hi wɑz soʊ ˈləki ənd wət hæd ˈhæpənd. hi stɪl həz ə sən ənd ˈdɔtər əˈlaɪv ənd ðeɪ ˈkænɑt ˈriˌkɔl ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈditeɪlz. wɑz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt tɪ ɪm bɪˈkəz hi kɔld hɪz fərst bɔrn ˈdɔtər, mərˈi aɪˈrin, ənd sɛd ɪt wɑz bɪˈkəz əv ðə ʃɪp. hæd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ɪm bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli ʃɪp hi ˈɛvər spoʊk about.”*.” ˈsətən ˈmɛrid hɪz waɪf, ˈælɪs, ənd ðeɪ hæd tu ˈʧɪldrən ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 1918 hi lɛft ðə ˈneɪvi ɪn 1920 ənd əraʊnd 1922 hi ʤəmpt ʃɪp ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, ˈpɑsəbli waɪl ɪn ðə ˈmərʧənt ˈneɪvi. hi sɛnt ˈməni hoʊm tɪ hɪz ˈfæməli ənˈtɪl ðeɪ ˈleɪtər seɪld ˈoʊvər ənd hi hæd fɔr mɔr ˈʧɪldrən ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz dɛθ ɪn 1974 ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm hi wərkt æt ən ˌæmjəˈnɪʃənz ˈfæktəri ənd wɑz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈjunjənz ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks. ˈhɛri bæk ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr hi wɑz kɪld skɪld ˈdɑˌkjɑrd ˈwərkər ˈhɛrəld ˈhərbərt bæk wɑz nɑt səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ˈwərkɪŋ wɪn ðə ɪkˈsploʊʒən tɔr θru ðə ʃɪp. hi hæd ʤɪst ˈrisəntli bɪn prəˈmoʊtəd ənd ðə deɪ ˌbiˈfɔr hi wɑz æst ɪf hi wʊd teɪk ðə pleɪs əv ə ˈkɑlig hu kʊd nɑt wərk. ðə 48-year-old*, hu lɪvd ɪn roʊd,, əˈgrid ɛz hi fɛlt ðə wʊd du ðə seɪm fər ɪm ɪn ðə seɪm pəˈzɪʃən. hi wɑz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti ənd wɑz ə ˈfɔrmər ˈgrændˈmæstər əv ðə oddfellows*, ə ˈsoʊʃəl ənd ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən. ˈmɪstər bæk ənd 75 ˈəðər ˈdɑˌkjɑrd ˈwərkərz wər ˈteɪkən aʊt tɪ ðə ʃɪp, mʊrd əˈbaʊt θri maɪəlz frəm ɔn ðə ˈnəmbər 28 bui, tɪ ˈkɛri aʊt rɪˈpɛrz ənd ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz. hɪz ˈgrændˌsən ˈkoʊlɪn ˈwɔkər sɛd: ˈprɪnsɛs aɪˈrin ɪz ˈfrikwɛntli dɪˈskəst ɪn ðə ˈfæməli ənd, əv kɔrs, ˈhɛri biɪŋ ɔn ðə məˈmɔriəl. səʧ ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt θɪŋ tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər. bɪn 100 jɪrz ənd wi fil ðət ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət hi ɪz nɑt fərˈgɑtən ɛz wɛl ɛz hɪz ˈəðər ˈfɛloʊ ˈwərkərz bɪˈkəz soʊ tragic.”*.” ˈgrændˌsən əv ˈvɪktɪm, ˈkoʊlɪn ˈwɔkər səʧ ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt θɪŋ tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər. bɪn 100 jɪrz ənd wi fil ðət ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðət hi ɪz nɑt fərˈgɑtən ɛz wɛl ɛz hɪz ˈəðər ˈfɛloʊ ˈwərkərz bɪˈkəz soʊ tragic.”*.” ðə 69-year-old*, əv dymchurch*, wɪl bi əˈtɛndɪŋ ə ˈsərvɪs təˈdeɪ æt æt wɔr məˈmɔriəl ɪn brɪʤ roʊd,, wɛr hɪz neɪm ənd ðoʊz əv ðə 75 ˈəðər ˈdɑkˌwərkərz ər ˈrɪtən. wən əv hɪz ˈdɔtərz, hɪz ˈməðər, waɪf ənd tu ˈsɪstərz, ˈʤuli dɑd ənd ˈʤɛni rælf, wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi ɪn əˈtɛndəns. ˈleɪtər ɔn, ˈmɪstər ˈwɔkər ənd θri ˈrɛlətɪvz wɪl bi əˈməŋ ðoʊz goʊɪŋ aʊt ɔn ə boʊt frəm ˈhɑrbər tɪ ðə spɑt əˈbəv wɛr ðə ˈrɛkɪʤ laɪz tɪ leɪ riθs ɔn ðə ˈwɔtər. əˈbaʊt 50 ˈfæməliz hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd tɪ ðə kəˌmɛmərˈeɪʃənz, wɪθ səm ˈrɛlətɪvz ˈtrævəlɪŋ frəm ɛz fɑr ɛz ˌtæzˈmeɪniə, ɔˈstreɪljə ənd ˈkænədə. blu taʊn ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ˈsɛntər wɪl bi ˈhoʊstɪŋ ə ˈpraɪvət ˈfəŋkʃən ɔn ðə deɪ ənd həz ˈrisəntli ənˈveɪld ən ˌɛksəˈbɪʃən, wɪθ ə ˈmɑdəl əv ðə ʃɪp, əˈbaʊt ðə ˈtræʤədi.
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it is still uncertain what caused the explosion on board hms princess irene and the subsequent loss of 352 lives.
as the island remembers the 100th anniversary of the wartime disaster, we look back on that fateful day.
the explosion happened in saltpan reach, 400 yards off port victoria on the isle of grain.
the princess irene was a passenger liner converted to a minelayer.
some 352 men – including 78 workers from chatham and sheerness dockyards – died, along with people on shore.
the sheerness war memorial with the names of those killed in the tragedy
the ship had been taking on mines brought down in barges from upnor or round from woolwich.
on thursday, may 27 1915, the mines were being activated ready for her third minelaying operation.
the dockyard men were there to strengthen the improvised gun decks.
at 11.12am there was a tremendous explosion, and then another. a dense cloud of vapour and smoke shot two miles into the air.
an officer on a ship 100 yards away said the noise was the most extraordinary experience of his life. the princess irene seemed to be hurled into the air a mile high in fragments. he could distinctly make out the forms of men amid the flying wreckage.
the end of the vessel was appalling, sudden and complete, he said. “she did not go down she simply went up and distributed her remains over an area of a score of miles.
wreckage from the princess irene blast fell up to 20 miles away. a nine-year-old girl on the isle of grain was struck and killed by a piece of metal while people in sittingbourne were injured by falling debris.
from his position on the stern of hms actaeon, 500 yards away, lt james manners said he was slightly dazed for a few seconds after the explosion. but on looking to where the princess irene had been he could see nothing but a mass of flames and white gas.
the minelayer princess irene moored in the river medway
he said he saw two mines burst 40ft up in the air.
two dockyard employees had left the minelayer in a government pinnace just minutes before the explosion and were lying on cushions in the cabin. one of them, george kilpatrick, said they had gone out to see what had happened but were compelled to seek refuge from the debris which was falling all about them.
when they were able to emerge once again from the cabin there was no sign of the princess irene, which they had been working just a short while before.
a section of steel from the ship weighing an estimated 10 tons was found on the isle of grain.
at the end of an inquest, captain james fairie, a member of the board of enquiry that had been set up, said it had been concluded that the ship exploded through some unidentified cause. but there was no evidence of blame. the coroner mr cb harris said the ship had carried the mystery of her fate with her.
but subsequent investigations concluded a number of problems with the mechanism by which the mines were primed for action. there were also weaknesses in working procedures.
john sutton, wearing his naval uniform, on his wedding day in 1918
either a dental appointment or a last-minute transfer saved a royal navy signalman from being killed.
john jeffrey sutton was born in brighton in 1894 and enlisted at portsmouth in june 1912.
he gained petty officer certification in june 1913 and in march 1915 he was transferred to serve on the princess irene.
he was only 18 and by a fortunate turn of events he was not on the vessel at the time of the explosion.
his granddaughter, carolyn little, says according to a book written by john hendry he had gone to the dentist that morning.
however, she has also read, after delving into his naval records, he was transferred to another ship at 9am on may 27, just over two hours before the unexpected tragedy.
this mass grave in woodlands cemetery, gillingham, holds bodies of men who died in the princess irene disaster
her grandfather was one of three men who avoided death that day.
there are accounts that one of them had gone ashore to post a letter while the other may have been absent from work.
mrs little, who has flown over from australia to attend the service today, said: “he was obviously lucky.”
when asked if her grandfather ever brought up his narrow escape, the 62-year-old said: “all he said was out of all the ships he was on, the princess irene was blown up.
“he didn’t tell us why he was so lucky and what had happened. he still has a son and daughter alive and they cannot recall any other details.
“it was significant to him because he called his first born daughter, marie irene, and said it was because of the ship.
“it had significant impact on him because it was the only ship he ever spoke about.”
signalman sutton married his wife, alice, and they had two children in december 1918.
he left the navy in 1920 and around 1922 he jumped ship in australia, possibly while in the merchant navy.
he sent money home to his family until they later sailed over and he had four more children before his death in 1974. during his lifetime he worked at an ammunitions factory and was involved in the unions and politics.
harry back shortly before he was killed
skilled dockyard worker harold herbert back was not supposed to be working when the explosion tore through the ship.
he had just recently been promoted and the day before he was asked if he would take the place of a colleague who could not work.
the 48-year-old, who lived in meyrick road, sheerness, agreed as he felt the workmate would do the same for him in the same position.
he was a well-respected member of the community and was a former grandmaster of the sheppey oddfellows, a social and charitable organisation.
mr back and 75 other dockyard workers were taken out to the ship, moored about three miles from sheerness on the number 28 buoy, to carry out repairs and modifications.
his grandson colin walker said: “the princess irene is frequently discussed in the family and, of course, harry being on the memorial.
“it’s such an important thing to remember. it’s been 100 years and we feel that it’s very important that he is not forgotten as well as his other fellow workers because it’s so tragic.” - grandson of victim, colin walker
“it’s such an important thing to remember. it’s been 100 years and we feel that it’s very important that he is not forgotten as well as his other fellow workers because it’s so tragic.”
the 69-year-old, of dymchurch, will be attending a service today at 11am at sheerness war memorial in bridge road, sheerness, where his grandfather’s name and those of the 75 other dockworkers are written.
one of his daughters, his mother, wife and two sisters, julie dodd and jenny ralph, will also be in attendance.
later on, mr walker and three relatives will be among those going out on a boat from queenborough harbour to the spot above where the wreckage lies to lay wreaths on the water.
about 50 families have been invited to the commemorations, with some relatives travelling from as far as tasmania, australia and canada.
blue town heritage centre will be hosting a private function on the day and has recently unveiled an exhibition, with a model of the ship, about the tragedy.
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pliz ɪˈneɪbəl ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt tɪ wɔʧ ðɪs ˈvɪdioʊ wʊdz ˈkaʊnti, okla*. ən ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˈtiʧər ədˈmɪtəd tɪ ˈhævɪŋ sɛks wɪθ ə ˈstudənt ˈməltəpəl taɪmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈtiʧərz laʊnʤ. rɪˈpɔrts ðət ən əˈnɑnəməs tɪp lɛd tɪ poʊ kənˈfɛsɪŋ ðət ʃi hæd bɪn ˈsɛkʃuəli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ə ˈstudənt. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə wʊdz ˈkaʊnti ˌæfəˈdeɪvət, ðə ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə steɪt ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən kˈwɛsʧənd poʊ ənd ðə ˈstudənt ˈoʊnli aʊərz ˈæftər ðə tu hæd sɛks ɪn ðə ˈpɪˌkəp. ðə tu hæd əˈlɛʤədli bɪn ˈmitɪŋ əp sɪns dɪˈsɛmbər ənd boʊθ ədˈmɪtəd tɪ ˈhævɪŋ sɛks ɪn poʊz hoʊm, ɪn ðə ˈviɪkəl, ənd ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ɪn ðə laʊnʤ. ðə ˌæfəˈdeɪvət ˌɪnˈkludz ə ˈrɪtən kənˈfɛʃən baɪ poʊ: æm poʊ, ə waɪf, ˈməðər ənd ˈtiʧər. aɪ hæv meɪd ə ˈhɔrəbəl mɪˈsteɪk. aɪ hæv lɛt maɪ ˈʤəʤmənt ˈfɔltər ənd aɪ æm ɪmˈbɛrəst ənd ˈmɔrtəˌfaɪd fər ðə dɪˈsɪʒənz aɪ hæv meɪd ɪn ðə læst tu wiks. aɪ hæv hæd ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈɪnərˌkɔrs wɪθ ə ˈstudənt. aɪ æm soʊ ˈvɛri ˈsɑri fər ðə [dɪˈsɪʒənz] aɪ hæv meɪd. aɪ wʊd teɪk ɪt bæk ɪn ə ˈhɑrtˌbit ɪf ðə ʧæns wɑz ˈgɪvɪn tɪ hoʊld ə pəˈzɪʃən əv ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns wɛr ˈpipəl ənd student[s*] lʊk əp tɪ mi ənd aɪ hæv feɪld. fər ðɪs aɪ æm ˈtruli sorry.”*.” poʊ, hu həz bɪn ə ˈtiʧər æt skul fər sɪks jɪrz, həz bɪn səˈspɛndɪd wɪθ peɪ, rɪˈpɔrts. əˈfɪʃəlz tɛl ðə ˈstudənt ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪz 18-years-old*. ˈəndər ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə lɔ, ˈsɛkʃuəl bɪˈheɪvjər bɪtˈwin ə ˈstudənt ənd ˈtiʧər ɪz ˌɪˈligəl ənˈtɪl ðə ˈstudənt ɪz 21 poʊ ˈfeɪsɪz wən ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈbætəri ʧɑrʤ, ənd 6 kaʊnts əv ˈsɛkənd dɪˈgri reɪp. ʃi wɑz riˈlist ɔn bɑnd, ənd ɪz əˈweɪtɪŋ hər nɛkst kɔrt deɪt ɔn ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 10
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woods county, okla. -- an oklahoma teacher admitted to having sex with a student multiple times, including in the teacher's lounge.
kfor reports that an anonymous tip led to 32-year-old daresa poe confessing that she had been sexually involved with a student.
according to a woods county affidavit, the oklahoma state bureau of investigation questioned poe and the student only hours after the two had sex in the student’s pickup.
the two had allegedly been meeting up since december and both admitted to having sex in poe's home, in the student’s vehicle, and several times in the teacher’s lounge.
the affidavit includes a written confession by poe:
“i am daresa poe, a wife, mother and teacher. i have made a horrible mistake. i have let my judgment falter and i am embarrassed and mortified for the decisions i have made in the last two weeks. i have had sexual intercourse with a student. i am so very sorry for the [decisions] i have made. i would take it back in a heartbeat if the chance was given to me…i hold a position of importance where people and student[s] look up to me and i have failed. for this i am truly sorry.”
poe, who has been a teacher at waynoka school for six years, has been suspended with pay, kfor reports.
officials tell kfor the student involved is 18-years-old. under oklahoma law, sexual behavior between a student and teacher is illegal until the student is 21.
poe faces one sexual battery charge, and 6 counts of second degree rape.
she was released on $10,000 bond, and is awaiting her next court date on feb. 10.
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əˈgəstə ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈgræpəld wɪθ ˈɪʃuz sərˈaʊndɪŋ gəv. pɔl bɪl ðət wʊd bif əp ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əv ˌɪˈligəl drəgz, bət ə prəˈpoʊzəl ðət wʊd pɛr ðə ˈɪʃu wɪθ ˈligəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə əˈtræktəd ðə moʊst dɪˈskəʃən. ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti kəˈmɪti dɪd nɑt meɪk ˈɛni dɪˈsɪʒənz ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, seɪɪŋ ðə bɪl wʊd bi dɪˈskəst ɪn ˈgreɪtər ˈditeɪl ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. meɪn həz sin ə spaɪk ɪn ˈhɛroʊən juz, ənd ˈlɛpɪʤ həz sizd ɔn ðət ˈɪʃu, prəˈpoʊzɪŋ ə ˈkrækˌdaʊn ɔn ˌɪˈligəl drəg ˈtræfɪkɪŋ. əˈdɪʃənəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ɪn ðɪs 2013 faɪl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ, ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə plænt stɑrts ər sin æt ə groʊɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪti ɪn siˈætəl. meɪn ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz dɪˈskəst ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈpʊtɪŋ pɑt ˌligələˈzeɪʃən ˌbiˈfɔr ˈvoʊtərz, wɛr ə ‘‘yes’*’ voʊt wʊd prəˈvaɪd ˈtæksɪz tɪ fənd gəv. pɔl faɪt. ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz ˈpɔrtlənd ˈpænəl splɪt ˈoʊvər ˈligəˌlaɪzd ˈifɛkt ɔn juθ rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ˈkɔri ˈwɪlsən, r-augusta*, sɛd ðət ðə mɔr ðən 2 ˈmɪljən ɪt wʊd kɔst tɪ æd 14 meɪn drəg ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənsi ˈeɪʤənts, fɔr əˈsɪstənt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəlz ənd fɔr ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt ˈʤəʤɪz kʊd bi mɔr ðən peɪd fər baɪ ˈligəˌlaɪzɪŋ ənd ˈtæksɪŋ pɑt. ˈɔlˌweɪz seɪ, ðiz ər greɪt aɪˈdiəz, bət wi hæv noʊ weɪ tɪ peɪ fər ðɛm. wɛl, ðɪs wʊd peɪ fər ə lɔt əv things,”*,” sɛd ˈwɪlsən, ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪŋ ðət ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˌligələˈzeɪʃən kʊd reɪz əˈbaʊt 28 ˈmɪljən pər jɪr ɪn meɪn, beɪst ɔn ðə tæks ˈrɛvəˌnu ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ ɪz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈæftər ɪt ˈligəˌlaɪzd ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə læst jɪr, ənd əˈʤəstɪŋ fər ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ˌɔlˈðoʊ nɑt ɔn ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈpænəl, rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. daɪæn ˈrəsəl, d-portland*, ɪz ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪŋ fər ən əˈmɛndmənt tɪ bɪl ðət wʊd dɪˈrɛkli taɪ ɪt tɪ ðə feɪt əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˌligələˈzeɪʃən ɪn meɪn. ˈrəsəl sɛd ən əˈmɛndmənt tɪ drəg ɛnˈfɔrsmənt bɪl wʊd ˈsɪmpli pleɪs ðə ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˈɪʃu ˌbiˈfɔr ˈvoʊtərz ənd, ɪf ðə ˈvoʊtərz sɛd ““yes”*” tɪ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˌligələˈzeɪʃən, wʊd æt ðət pɔɪnt fənd ðə drəg faɪt. sɛn. ˈgɛri ˈpləmər, ənd ðə ˈspɑnsər, sɛd hi wʊd prɪˈfər tɪ voʊt ɔn bɪlz ðət teɪk wən ˈɪʃu æt ə taɪm, bət hi wɑz ˌɪnˈtrigd baɪ ðə aɪˈdiə. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ pɑrt ɪz ðət ðɪs ɪz ə weɪ wi kʊd peɪ fər it,”*,” ˈpləmər sɛd. ˈrəsəl sɛd nɑt ˈoʊnli wʊd ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˌligələˈzeɪʃən peɪ fər mɔr drəg ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈɛfərts, bət ˈəðər ˌɔltərˈeɪʃənz tɪ ðə bɪl wʊd æd ɪn ˈtritmənt ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən kəmˈpoʊnənts. əv ə ˌwənˈlɛgəd stul, wi wʊd hæv ə stool,”*,” ˈrəsəl sɛd. ˈrəsəl sɛd ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz wʊd nɑt bi ˈvoʊtɪŋ ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˌligələˈzeɪʃən, bət ˈmɪrli tɪ pʊt ðə ˈɪʃu ˌbiˈfɔr ˈvoʊtərz. ə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm tɪ ˈligəˌlaɪz ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ɪn ˈpɔrtlənd læst jɪr wɑz əˈpruvd baɪ ˈvoʊtərz. bət ðə ˈpɔrtlənd lɔ həz ˈlɪtəl ˈifɛkt bɪˈkəz pəˈzɛsɪŋ ənd ˈsɛlɪŋ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ɪz stɪl əˈgɛnst steɪt ənd ˈfɛdərəl lɔz. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə həz sɛd ðət ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt wʊd nɑt juz ˈfɛdərəl lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ goʊ ˈæftər ˈpipəl ˈsɛlɪŋ ər ˈjuzɪŋ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ɪn steɪts wɛr ɪt ɪz ˈligəl. meɪn dɪz hæv ə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə lɔ, əˈlaʊɪŋ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə tɪ bi juzd fər məˈdɪsənəl ˈpərpəsɪz wɪθ ə prəˈskrɪpʃən. ˈpləmər sɛd nɑt əˈgɛnst ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈtritmənt ˈɔpʃənz fər ˈmeɪnərz. bət ˈpləmər sɛd ðə steɪt nidz tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ naʊ tɪ goʊ ˈæftər ˈpipəl hu ər ˈkəmɪŋ ˈɪntu meɪn tɪ sɛl drəgz. ʤoʊ ˈlɔlər kən bi ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd æt ər æt: [iˈmeɪl prəˈtɛktɪd] tˈwɪtər: ʃɛr
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augusta — lawmakers on wednesday grappled with issues surrounding gov. paul lepage’s bill that would beef up enforcement of illegal drugs, but a proposal that would pair the issue with legalizing marijuana attracted the most discussion.
the criminal justice and public safety committee did not make any decisions on wednesday, saying the bill would be discussed in greater detail on friday. maine has seen a spike in heroin use, and lepage has seized on that issue, proposing a crackdown on illegal drug trafficking.
additional photos in this 2013 file photo, marijuana plant starts are seen at a growing facility in seattle. maine lawmakers discussed on wednesday putting pot legalization before voters, where a ‘yes’ vote would provide taxes to fund gov. paul lepage’s beefed-up anti-drug fight. the associated press related headlines portland panel split over legalized pot’s effect on youth
rep. corey wilson, r-augusta, said that the more than $2 million it would cost to add 14 maine drug enforcement agency agents, four assistant attorney generals and four district court judges could be more than paid for by legalizing and taxing pot.
“we always say, these are great ideas, but we have no way to pay for them. well, this would pay for a lot of things,” said wilson, estimating that marijuana legalization could raise about $28 million per year in maine, based on the tax revenue colorado is generating after it legalized marijuana last year, and adjusting for maine’s population.
although she’s not on the criminal justice panel, rep. diane russell, d-portland, is advocating for an amendment to lepage’s bill that would directly tie it to the fate of marijuana legalization in maine.
russell said an amendment to lepage’s drug enforcement bill would simply place the marijuana issue before voters and, if the voters said “yes” to marijuana legalization, would at that point fund the governor’s drug fight.
sen. gary plummer, r-windham and the bill’s sponsor, said he would prefer to vote on bills that take one issue at a time, but he was intrigued by the idea.
“the interesting part is that this is a way we could pay for it,” plummer said.
russell said not only would marijuana legalization pay for more drug enforcement efforts, but other alterations to the bill would add in treatment and education components.
“instead of a one-legged stool, we would have a three-legged stool,” russell said.
russell said lawmakers would not be voting in favor of marijuana legalization, but merely to put the issue before voters.
a referendum to legalize marijuana in portland last year was approved by voters. but the portland law has little effect because possessing and selling marijuana is still against state and federal laws. president obama has said that the federal government would not use federal law enforcement resources to go after people selling or using marijuana in states where it is legal. maine does have a medical marijuana law, allowing marijuana to be used for medicinal purposes with a prescription.
plummer said he’s not against also increasing treatment options for mainers. but plummer said the state needs to do something now to go after people who are coming into maine to sell drugs.
joe lawlor can be contacted at 791-6376 or at:
[email protected]
twitter: @joelawlorph
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ðoʊ ðɪs ɪz ə saɪt, ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈoʊpən tɪ ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˈɪnˌsaɪt ənd ləv wɛˈrɛvər ɪt əˈpɪrz, ənd aɪ ˈsərtənli θɪŋk ðət ðə grænˈdur ənd ˈrɪʧnəs əv laɪf kən bi ɛnˈkəmpəst baɪ ˈɛni vju wi maɪt hold—buddhist*, ˈhɪnˌdu, ˈkrɪsʧɪn, ʤuɪʃ, ˈeɪθiəst, ægˈnɑstɪk, ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk, ər ˌwəˈtɛvər. ˈrisəntli bɪn ˌɛnˈʤɔɪɪŋ ˈgɪtɪŋ tɪ noʊ ˈpitər di., ə ˈrəʃən ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃən ənd fəˈlɑsəfər hu ɪˈspaʊzd ˈmɛni əv ðə aɪˈdiəz ənd ˈpræktɪsɪz əv ʤɔrʤ gurdjieff*, ə ˈmɪstɪk ənd ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ˈtiʧər. ə ʃɔrt ˈpæsɪʤ frəm ɔn ðə ˈminɪŋ əv laɪf, wɪʧ aɪ faʊnd ˈɪnˌsaɪtfəl: seɪ ðət ðə ˈminɪŋ əv laɪf ɪz ɪn ˈsərvɪs, ɪn ðə sərˈɛndər əv sɛlf, ɪn self-sacrifice*, ɪn ðə ˈsækrəˌfaɪs əv ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ, ˈivɪn laɪf ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ˈəðərz dɪˈklɛr ðət ðə ˈminɪŋ əv laɪf ɪz ɪn ðə dɪˈlaɪt əv ɪt, rɪˈlivd əˈgɛnst ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən əv ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈhɔrər əv death.’*.’ səm seɪ ðət ðə ˈminɪŋ əv laɪf ɪz ɪn pərˈfɛkʃən, ənd ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ə ˈbɛtər fˈjuʧər bɪɔnd ðə greɪv, ər ɪn fˈjuʧər laɪf fər ɑrˈsɛlvz. ˈəðərz seɪ ðət ðə ˈminɪŋ əv laɪf ɪz ɪn ðə əˈproʊʧ tɪ non-existence*; stɪl ˈəðərz, ðət ðə ˈminɪŋ əv laɪf ɪz ɪn ðə pərˈfɛkʃən əv ðə reɪs, ɪn ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən əv laɪf ɔn ərθ; waɪl ðɛr ər ðoʊz hu dɪˈnaɪ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈivɪn əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ noʊ ɪts ˈminɪŋ. fɔlt əv ɔl ðiz ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃənz kənˈsɪsts ɪn ðə fækt ðət ðeɪ ɔl əˈtɛmpt tɪ dɪˈskəvər ðə ˈminɪŋ əv laɪf ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ˈiðər ɪn ðə ˈneɪʧər əv juˈmænɪti, ər ɪn səm ˌprɑbləˈmætɪkəl ɪgˈzɪstəns bɪɔnd ðə greɪv, ər əˈgɛn ɪn ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ðə ˈigoʊ θruaʊt ˈmɛni səkˈsɛsɪv ɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈprɛzənt laɪf əv mæn. bət ɪf ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðəs ˈspɛkjəˌleɪtɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪt, mɛn wʊd ˈsɪmpli lʊk wɪˈθɪn ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðɛn ðeɪ wʊd si ðət ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti ðə ˈminɪŋ əv laɪf ɪz nɑt ˈæftər ɔl soʊ əbˈskjʊr. ɪt kənˈsɪsts ɪn knowledge.”*.” əv kɔrs, hæd hɪz vjuz əˈbaʊt haʊ tɪ within”*” ənd ʤɪst wət bi. aɪ θɪŋk hɪz aɪˈdiəz əˈbaʊt ““self-study”*” ər ˈbrɪljənt ənd ˈrɛdəli ˈæpləkəbəl baɪ ˈɛniˌwən, ˈɛniˌtaɪm, ˈɛniˌwɛr. wət hi sɪz ˈɛkoʊz ðət greɪt ˈæfərˌɪzəm əv ˈeɪnʧənt gris: noʊ ˌðaɪˈsɛlf! ðət greɪt truθ ˈɛkoʊz ɪn ðə lɪvz ənd wərdz əv ɔl əv greɪt ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ˈtiʧərz frəm ˈbudə tɪ tɪ ʤeɪ. krishnamurti*, tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ʤɪst ə fju. noʊɪŋ ɑrˈsɛlvz ɪz æt wəns ðə ˈsɪmpləst ənd ðə ˈhɑrdəst θɪŋ tɪ du. noʊ ˈmætər haʊ məʧ ˈgaɪdəns ənd ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən wi gɪt frəm ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ˈtiʧərz, ˈmæstərz, ˈguˌruz, ər seɪnts, wi ˈfaɪnəli hæv tɪ roʊl əp ɑr slivz ənd du ðə wərk ɑrˈsɛlvz. wi ˈfaɪnəli hæv tɪ si fər ɑrˈsɛlvz wət ðə truθ ɪz. ɪn ðə ɛnd, ðɪs min truθ fər mi, ənd əˈnəðər fər you.”*.” ˈrəðər, ˈɛvəri ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˈɪntu truθ ɪz ən əˈweɪkənɪŋ tɪ wət ɪz. ɪf wi bɪˈliv ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ bi tru ðət ɪz æt ɑdz wɪθ wət ˈrɪli ɪz, ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪl ˈsunər ər ˈleɪtər rɪˈvil ðə ˈɛrər. ənˈtruθ ˈɔlˌweɪz lidz tɪ ˈsəfərɪŋ, bət ˈivɪn ðə ˈsəfərɪŋ əv ɑr fɔls bɪˈlifs ənd vjuz kən bɪˈkəm ɔˈkeɪʒənz fər əˈweɪkənɪŋ tɪ wət ɪz. ðə mɔr wi ər ˈoʊpən tɪ truθ, tɪ wət ɪz, ðə mɔr ˈkɑnfədɛns wi gɪt ɪn ɑr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ si fər ɑrˈsɛlvz wət ɪz tru ənd wət isn’t*. wi hæv tɪ lʊk tɪ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əˈθɔrətiz, bət tɪ ɑr ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz, ənd tɪ ɑr hɑrts, ənd tɪ ɑr əˈweɪkənɪŋ maɪndz. noʊ ˈwəndər ðə ˈbudə sɛd: jɛ læmps ˈəntu ˈjɔrsɛlvz, bi ə ˈrɛfjuʤ tɪ ˈjɔrsɛlvz. hoʊld fæst tɪ truθ ɛz ə læmp; hoʊld fæst tɪ ðə truθ ɛz ə ˈrɛfjuʤ. lʊk nɑt fər ə ˈrɛfjuʤ ɪn ˈɛniˌwən ˌbiˈsaɪd ˈjɔrsɛlvz. ənd ðoʊz, hu ʃæl bi ə læmp ˈəntu ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ʃæl biˈteɪk ðɛmˈsɛlvz tɪ noʊ ɪkˈstərnəl ˈrɛfjuʤ, bət ˈhoʊldɪŋ fæst tɪ ðə truθ ɛz ðɛr læmp, ənd ˈhoʊldɪŋ fæst tɪ ðə truθ ɛz ðɛr ˈrɛfjuʤ, ðeɪ ʃæl riʧ ðə height.”*.”
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though this is a buddhist-oriented site, i’m always open to genuine insight and love wherever it appears, and i certainly don’t think that the grandeur and richness of life can be encompassed by any view we might hold—buddhist, hindu, christian, jewish, atheist, agnostic, scientific, or whatever.
recently i’ve been enjoying getting to know peter d. ouspensky, a russian mathematician and philosopher who espoused many of the ideas and practices of george gurdjieff, a greek-armenian mystic and spiritual teacher.
here’s a short passage from ouspensky on the meaning of life, which i found insightful:
“some say that the meaning of life is in service, in the surrender of self, in self-sacrifice, in the sacrifice of everything, even life itself. others declare that the meaning of life is in the delight of it, relieved against ‘the expectation of the final horror of death.’
some say that the meaning of life is in perfection, and the creation of a better future beyond the grave, or in future life for ourselves. others say that the meaning of life is in the approach to non-existence; still others, that the meaning of life is in the perfection of the race, in the organization of life on earth; while there are those who deny the possibility of even attempting to know its meaning.
“the fault of all these explanations consists in the fact that they all attempt to discover the meaning of life outside of itself, either in the nature of humanity, or in some problematical existence beyond the grave, or again in the evolution of the ego throughout many successive incarnations—always in something outside of the present life of man.
but if instead of thus speculating about it, men would simply look within themselves, then they would see that in reality the meaning of life is not after all so obscure. it consists in knowledge.”
of course, ouspensky had his views about how to “look within” and just what “knowledge”—self-knowledge—would be. i think his ideas about “self-study” are brilliant and readily applicable by anyone, anytime, anywhere.
what he says echoes that great aphorism of ancient greece: know thyself! that great truth echoes in the lives and words of all of mankind’s great spiritual teachers from buddha to ramana maharishi to j. krishnamurti, to mention just a few. knowing ourselves is at once the simplest and the hardest thing to do.
no matter how much guidance and inspiration we get from spiritual teachers, masters, gurus, or saints, we finally have to roll up our sleeves and do the work ourselves. we finally have to see for ourselves what the truth is.
in the end, this doesn’t mean “one truth for me, and another for you.” rather, every genuine insight into truth is an awakening to what is. if we believe something to be true that is at odds with what really is, experience will sooner or later reveal the error. untruth always leads to suffering, but even the suffering of our false beliefs and views can become occasions for awakening to what is.
the more we are open to truth, to what is, the more confidence we get in our ability to see for ourselves what is true and what isn’t. we don’t have to look to outside authorities, but to our experiences, and to our hearts, and to our awakening minds. no wonder the buddha said:
“be ye lamps unto yourselves, be a refuge to yourselves. hold fast to truth as a lamp; hold fast to the truth as a refuge. look not for a refuge in anyone beside yourselves. and those, who shall be a lamp unto themselves, shall betake themselves to no external refuge, but holding fast to the truth as their lamp, and holding fast to the truth as their refuge, they shall reach the topmost height.” ♥♥♥
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ə grup əv blæk ˌɑntrəprəˈnərz, ɪˈlɛktɪd əˈfɪʃəlz ənd kənˈstɪʧuənts həz lɔnʧt ɪts oʊn ti ˈpɑrti ɪn ˈhjustən, kənˈvinɪŋ ˈtuzˌdeɪ fər ðə blæk ti ˈpɑrtiz ˌɪˈnɔgərəl ˈmitɪŋ waɪl ˈnoʊtɪŋ ˈɛniˌwən ɪz ˈwɛlkəm tɪ ðə grups ɪˈvɛnts. ɛz ɪt tərnd aʊt, ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt hæf əv ðə 75 ˈpipəl hu əˈtɛndəd wər ˈæfrɪkɑn əˈmɛrɪkən, rɪˈpɔrts. bət əˈnitə ˈmɑnkrif sɛd pɑrt əv ðə ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz wɑz tɪ gɪt rɪd əv ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət ti ər ˈreɪsɪst. ðə ɪˈvɛnt ˈɔlsoʊ əˈtræktəd ˈmɛmbərz əv boʊθ ˈnæʃənəl pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrtiz. mərˈi ˈʤɑnsən, ə blæk ˈwʊmən ənd ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm ˈdɛməˌkræt, sɛd ʃi əˈtɛndəd bɪˈkəz ʃi ɪz fɛd əp wɪθ ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ðə ˈkəntri reɪs "ˈdɪdənt meɪk ˈɛni ˈdɪfərəns tɪ mi ɛz lɔŋ ɛz aɪ hæd ə ti ˈpɑrti ənd wi gɪt təˈgɛðər," ˈʤɑnsən toʊld. "ɪts nɑt ˈrɪli əˈbaʊt rɪˈpəblɪkən ər ˈdɛməˌkræt. ɪts əˈbaʊt ðə blæk kəmˈjunɪti. ðə məˈnɔrəti voʊt həz bɪn mɪsˈjuzd ənd məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪd baɪ ˈpipəl fər soʊ lɔŋ," sɛd ˈmɑnkrif. klɪk hir tɪ rɛd mɔr ənd wɔʧ ðə ˈvɪdioʊ frəm.
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a group of black entrepreneurs, elected officials and constituents has launched its own tea party in houston, convening tuesday for the black tea party's inaugural meeting while noting anyone is welcome to the group's events.
as it turned out, only about half of the 75 people who attended were african american, myfoxhouston reports. but co-founder anita moncrief said part of the motivation to organize was to get rid of the notion that tea partiers are racist.
the event also attracted members of both national political parties. marie johnson, a black woman and longtime democrat, said she attended because she is fed up with the direction of the country
race "didn't make any difference to me as long as i had a tea party and we get together," johnson told myfoxhouston.
"it's not really about republican or democrat. it's about the black community. the minority vote has been misused and manipulated by people for so long," said moncrief.
click here to read more and watch the video from myfoxhouston.
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(naturalnews*) ə ˈhɛˌdlaɪn ɪn ˈtuzˌdeɪz ˈsɛkʃən əp ðə mɛnˈtælɪti əv tu ˈmɛni əˈmɛrɪkənz ðiz deɪz ənd ɔl ðət ɪz rɔŋ wɪθ ɪt: "ə bɪg stɔrm rikˈwaɪərz bɪg ˈgəvərnmənt." ɪf baɪ ðət ˈhɛˌdlaɪn ju dɪˈdust ðət wər ˈstəmpɪŋ fər ə bɪg ˈbrəðər (rɛd) rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˈhərəˌkeɪnz ˈsændi, jʊd bi raɪt. bət ðɛn, ðæts ə ˈkɑmən riˈækʃən tɪ ˈɛni ˈɪnsədənt ðət ju bɪˈliv ɪz tu bɪg fər ju ənd ðət skɛrz ju tɪ dɛθ; wɪn jʊr kənˈdɪʃənd tɪ daɪ, ju lʊk fər ˈsəmˌwən ɛls tɪ kəm beɪl ju aʊt, tɪ kəm seɪv ju, tɪ ˈrɛskju ju frəm ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən fər wɪʧ ju ər ˈhoʊli ɪts ˈsərfəs, ɛz ə hɪt pis eɪmd æt ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kənˈtɛndər mɪt ˈrɑmni, ˈbæʃɪŋ ɪm fər ˈərliər ˈkɑmɛnts ɪn wɪʧ hi sɛd hi, ɛz ˈprɛzɪdənt, wʊd sik tɪ ˈdaʊnˌpleɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənts dɪˈzæstər rɪˈspɑns roʊl ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv steɪts ənd ˈloʊkəl ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃənz ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə lead."absolutely*," ˈrɑmni sɛd ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə kˈwɛʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr, ɪn wɪʧ hi wɑz æst ɪf ˈimərʤənsi ˈmænɪʤmənt wɑz ə ˈfəŋkʃən ðət ʃʊd bi rɪˈtərnd tɪ steɪts. "ˈɛvəri taɪm ju hæv ən əˈkeɪʒən tɪ teɪk ˈsəmθɪŋ frəm ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ənd sɛnd ɪt bæk tɪ ðə steɪts, ðæts ðə raɪt dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. ənd ɪf ju kən goʊ ˈivɪn ˈfərðər ənd sɛnd ɪt bæk tɪ ðə ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktər, ðæts ˈivɪn rɪˈspɑns, ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz əv ðə ˈkɑrənt "frankenstorm*" ɛnˈsərkəlɪŋ ðə bɪg ˈæpəl, ˈræŋkəld koʊˌɔrdəˈneɪʃən ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst ˈvaɪtəl ˈfəŋkʃənz əv 'bɪg ˈgəvərnmənt ðeɪ ˌɪnˈtoʊnd, ˌbiˈfɔr dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ˈrɑmniz pəˈzɪʃən ɔn ðə ˈmætər "ən əbˈsərd ɪn ˈhərəˌkeɪnz ˈsændiz pæθ ər ˈfɔrʧənət ðət, fər naʊ, ðət ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi həz nɑt ˌriˈpleɪst saʊnd ˈpɑləsi," sɛd ðə ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl, wɪʧ heɪld ðə end-all*, əv dɪˈzæstər ˈmænɪʤmənt (æt list ˈəndər ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk regimes)."fortunate*?" "saʊnd ʤɛst, right?no*, ðɛr ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəs. ənd ɪz ˈɛvədənt tɪ mi, ˌbiˈsaɪdz ðə ˌsupərˈfɪʃəl, ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ənd ˈhoʊli ˌstɛrioʊˈtɪpɪkəl əˈtæk ɔn ɔl θɪŋz rɪˈpəblɪkən, ɪz ðət, ənd ðə ˈərbəˌnaɪzd ˈɔdiəns ðeɪ ər pleɪɪŋ tɪ, ər traɪɪŋ tɪ haɪd ə ˈdɛspərɪt, fɪr ðət ˈsəmˌwən, ˈsəmˌdeɪ, meɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli fɔrs ðɛm tɪ hæv tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn taɪmz əv daɪər maɪnd ðət ˈrɑmni həz ˈgəvərnər ənd noʊz wət ˈfɛdərəl ˈpɑləsiz ənd ˈproʊˌgræmz boʊθ hɛlp ənd ˈhɪndər steɪt ˈgəvərnmənts. hɪz ˈmɛsɪʤ wɑz ˈsɪmpli ðɪs: nɑt ˈɛvəri gʊd səˈluʃən kəmz frəm ðə ˈlæbərˌɪnθ meɪz əv ˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd bjʊˈrɑkrəsi ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. hi wɑz seɪɪŋ ðoʊz ˈkloʊsəst tɪ ðə ˈprɑbləm steɪts ənd loʊˈkælɪtiz ər ˈbɛtər ˈsutɪd tɪ ˈhændəl ðɛr oʊn ˈbɪznɪs ɪn taɪmz əv ˈtrəbəl, nɑt səm dɪˈtæʧt ˈbjʊrəˌkræt ɪn səm rɪˈmoʊt ˈɔfəs æt səm ˈbloʊtɪd bjʊˈrɑkrəsi ˈhənərdz ər ˈθaʊzənz əv maɪəlz ˈɪzənt nɔr ʃʊd ɪt bi əˈbaʊt ˈpɑləˌtɪks; steɪt dɪˈzæstər ˈeɪʤənsiz kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈbloʊtɪd, dɪsˈmɪsɪv ənd ˌənriˈspɑnsɪv. ðɪs ʃʊd bi əˈbaʊt haʊ ˌənpriˈpɛrd tu ˈmɛni əˈmɛrɪkənz ər ɪn ðɪs deɪ ənd eɪʤ əv ðə ˈnæni steɪt, ənd haʊ kəm tu ˈmɛni "ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl" ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ɪn ɑr ˈkəntri sim tɪ wɔnt tɪ pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪt ðət ˈmaɪndˌsɛt, waɪl ˈdiməˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈɛniˌwən hu dɛrz tɪ səˈʤɛst ðət ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz, nɑt tɪ ˈsændiz ˈlændˌfɔl, ˈpipəl wər wɔrnd tɪ gɪt aʊt, tɪ gɪt priˈpɛrd. bət ˈmɛni ˈdɪdənt; naʊ ˈmɪljənz ər wɪˈθaʊt paʊər ənd ˈlækɪŋ ɪn ˈbeɪsɪk ˈsərvɪsɪz. waɪ ˈdɪdənt ðeɪ ʤɪst ðeɪ doʊnt noʊ haʊ tɪ teɪk ʧɑrʤ əv ðɛr oʊn ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ðeɪ doʊnt noʊ haʊ tɪ teɪk kɛr əv ðɛmˈsɛlvz; ðeɪ ər soʊ juzd tɪ ˈhævɪŋ ˈəðərz "teɪk kɛr" əv ðɛm. ðeɪ ˈfɪgjərd, noʊ ˈmætər bi əˈlɔŋ ˈprɛzəntli tɪ prəˈvaɪd ɛz fər ðɪs kaɪnd əv dɪˈpɛndənsi ˈmaɪndˌsɛt, ənd ɪn ðə ɛnd, ðət meɪks ˈjuˈɛs ə ˈwikər ˈneɪʃən, ə ˈwikər məˈzʊri ənd ˈəðər steɪts əˈkrɔs ðə ˌmɪdˈwɛst, ə juz. ˈnɔrðərn ˈɛksərˌsaɪz noʊn ɛz "ˈvɪʤələnt gɑrd" wɪl bɪˈgɪn ðə fərst ˈwiˌkɪnd ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər ðə ˈfoʊkɪs əv ðə ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɪz pərˈpɛrɪŋ fər ənd rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ən ˈərθkˌweɪk ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtɪŋ frəm ðə nu məˈdrɪd fɔlt ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ˌsaʊˈθist ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈnæʃənəl gɑrd,, steɪt ˈimərʤənsi ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz ənd ˈəðər "fərst rɪˈspɑndərz," ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈloʊkəl ənd steɪt pəˈlis, ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtərz ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˈneɪʧər əv səʧ ən ɪˈvɛnt ˈkænɑt ˈivɪn bi prɪˈdɪktɪd, bət səm ˈænəlɪsts bɪˈliv ɪf ɪt ˈɛvər ˈhæpənz, ɪt kʊd pʊʃ ðə ˈriʤən ɔl ðə weɪ bæk tɪ ðə stoʊn eɪʤ, ɪn tərmz əv wɪl bi ˈfrækʧərd ənd ənˈjuzəbəl. ˈbrɪʤɪz wɪl kəˈlæps, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ sɛl foʊn taʊərz. ɪnˈtaɪər taʊnz kʊd bi waɪpt aʊt. ˈflədɪŋ ɪz ˈlaɪkli frəm ðə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ məˈzʊri ənd ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi əv ðə steɪt ənd sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈriʤənz kʊd bi wɪˈθaʊt ˈsərvɪsɪz ənd ˈifɛktɪv moʊdz əv ˈtrævəl nɑt fər deɪz ər wiks, bət fər. wət wɪl ðeɪ du? haʊ wɪl ðeɪ fid ðɛmˈsɛlvz? wɛr wɪl ðeɪ faɪnd ɪˈnəf ˈwɔtər tɪ drɪŋk? haʊ kˈwɪkli wɪl "hɛlp" ɪts weɪ, ðiz ˈpipəl laɪk tɛnz əv ˈmɪljənz mɔr əˈmɛrɪkənz kənˈdɪʃənd tɪ "weɪt fər hɛlp" ɪn ðə feɪs əv səˈsaɪɪtəl ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn wɪl nɑt bɛst dɪˈfɛns əˈgɛnst dɪˈpɛndənsi ənd kənˈtroʊl baɪ ˈəðərz ɪz tɪ lərn haʊ tɪ bi ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌbiˈfɔr dɪˈzæstər straɪks. hæv səˈplaɪz. hæv ə plæn əv ˈækʃən. hæv ən ɪˈskeɪp ɪt naʊ, ənd doʊnt lɛt ˈpipəl laɪk ðə ˈɛdɪtərz ju ˈɪntu bɪˈkəmɪŋ ʤɪst əˈnəðər ˈvɪktɪm ˈweɪtɪŋ fər səm ˈbjʊrəˌkræt tɪ beɪl ju aʊt.
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(naturalnews) a headline in tuesday's op-ed section ofsummed up the mentality of too many americans these days and all that is wrong with it: "a big storm requires big government." if by that headline you deduced that theeditors were stumping for a big brother (read) response to hurricane sandy, you'd be right. but then, that's a common reaction to any incident that you believe is too big for you and that scares you to death; when you're conditioned to die, you look for someone else to come bail you out, to come save you, to rescue you from a situation for which you are wholly unprepared.on its surface, theop-ed masqueraded as a hit piece aimed at gop presidential contender mitt romney, bashing him for earlier comments in which he said he, as president, would seek to downplay the federal government's disaster response role in favor of states and local jurisdictions taking the lead."absolutely," romney said in response to a question during a republican primary earlier this year, in which he was asked if emergency management was a function that should be returned to states. "every time you have an occasion to take something from the federal government and send it back to the states, that's the right direction. and if you can go even further and send it back to the private sector, that's even better."that response, given the circumstances of the current "frankenstorm" encircling the big apple, rankled theeditors."disaster coordination is one of the most vital functions of 'big government ,'" they intoned, before describing romney's position on the matter "an absurd notion.""those in hurricane sandy's path are fortunate that, for now, that ideology has not replaced sound policy," said the editorial, which hailed theas the end-all, be-all of disaster management (at least under democratic regimes)."fortunate?" "sound policy?"surely theeditors jest, right?no, they're very serious. and verywhat is evident to me, besides the superficial, anticipated and wholly stereotypical attack on all things republican, is that theeditors, and the urbanized audience they are playing to, are trying to hide a desperate, deep-seated fear that someone, someday, may actually force them to have to rely on themselves in times of dire need.never mind that romney has actuallya governor and knows what federal policies and programs both help and hinder state governments. his message was simply this: not every good solution comes from the labyrinth maze of centralized bureaucracy in washington, d.c. he was saying those closest to the problem - states and localities - are better suited to handle their own business in times of trouble, not some detached bureaucrat in some remote office at some bloated bureaucracy hundreds or thousands of miles away.this isn't - nor should it be - about politics; state disaster agencies can also be bloated, dismissive and unresponsive. this should be about how unprepared too many americans are in this day and age of the nanny state, and how come too many "influential" institutions in our country seem to want to perpetuate that mindset, while demonizing anyone who dares to suggest that individuals are responsible for themselves, not government.prior to sandy's landfall, people were warned to get out, to get prepared. but many didn't; now millions are without power and lacking in basic services. why didn't they just leave?because they don't know how to take charge of their own situation. they don't know how to take care of themselves; they are so used to having others "take care" of them. they figured, no matter what,would be along presently to provide necessities.newspapers likeact as enablers for this kind of dependency mindset, and in the end, that makes us a weaker nation, a weaker society.in missouri and other states across the midwest, a u.s. northern command-sponsored exercise known as "vigilant guard" will begin the first weekend in november . the focus of the exercise is preparing for and responding to an earthquake originating from the new madrid fault located in southeast missouri.agencies involved include the national guard,, state emergency management agencies and other "first responders," including local and state police, firefighters and medical personnel.the catastrophic nature of such an event cannot even be predicted, but some analysts believe if it ever happens, it could push the region all the way back to the stone age, in terms of destruction.highways will be fractured and unusable. bridges will collapse, along with cell phone towers. entire towns could be wiped out. flooding is likely from the nearby missouri and mississippi rivers.residents of the state and surrounding regions could be without services and effective modes of travel not for days or weeks, but for. what will they do? how will they feed themselves? where will they find enough water to drink? how quickly will "help" arrive?help arrive?ifgets its way, these people - like tens of millions more americans conditioned to "wait for help" in the face of societal breakdown - will not survive.the best defense against dependency and control by others is to learn how to be independent - before disaster strikes. have supplies. have a plan of action. have an escape hatch.do it now, and don't let people like the editors attalk you into becoming just another victim waiting for some bureaucrat to bail you out.
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ˈbrəsəlz (ˈrɔɪtərz) ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən məst du mɔr tɪ hɛlp prəˈtɛkt ˈmaɪgrənts ˈstrændɪd ɪn ˈlɪˌbiə ənd tɪ kənˈvɪns ɪts ˈmɛmbər steɪts tɪ ʃɛr ðə ˈbərdən əv ˈkɛrɪŋ fər ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz hu riʧ ˈjʊrəp, ə ˈsinjər əˈfɪʃəl æt ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən fər maɪˈgreɪʃən sɛd. ˈmaɪgrənts rɪˈsiv ˈmɛdɪkəl kɛr æt ə ˈneɪvəl beɪs ˈæftər ðeɪ wər ˈrɛskjud baɪ ˈlɪˌbiən coastguard*, ɪn ðə ˈkoʊstəl ˈsɪti əv ˈtrɪpəli, ˈlɪˌbiə, meɪ 26 2017 ɑˈmɑrə ˌjuˈʤinioʊ, dɪˈrɛktər æt ðə, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd nations’*’ maɪˈgreɪʃən ˈbɑdi, wɑz ˈspikɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ə ˈsəmɪt əv ˈlidərz nɛkst wik ðət ɪz du tɪ dɪˈskəs ˈɛfərts tɪ stɑp ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈmaɪgrənts frəm ˈtrævəlɪŋ tɪ ˈjʊrəp frəm ˈlɪˌbiə ənd tɪ sik ə weɪ aʊt əv ðɛr ˈsteɪlˌmeɪt ˈoʊvər ðə ˈhoʊstɪŋ əv əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz. ɪz ən ˈɛfərt, ənd ðət ʃʊd bi ˌɪnˈkrist, tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ənd ˌɪmˈpruv ðə ˈlɛvəl əv prəˈtɛkʃən əv ðə ˈmaɪgrənts ðət ər ˈkərəntli ɪn libya,”*,” toʊld ˈrɔɪtərz ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju leɪt ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. ðə rut ɪz naʊ ðə wən moʊst ˈhɛvəli juzd baɪ ˈpipəl traɪɪŋ tɪ riʧ ˈjʊrəp. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz sɪz mɔr ðən hæv ˈpɛrɪʃt ɪn ðə ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən ðɪs jɪr traɪɪŋ tɪ meɪk ðə ˈkrɔsɪŋ. pʊt ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər əv ˈmaɪgrənts ˈkərəntli ɪn ˈlɪˌbiə æt hi sɛd ðə hæd floʊn ˈmaɪgrənts hoʊm frəm ˈlɪˌbiə soʊ fɑr ðɪs jɪr ənd eɪmz tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðət tɪ ðə ˈmaɪgrənts biɪŋ rɪˈtərnd, ˈmoʊstli tɪ ˈæfrɪkɑ, hæv ˈɔfən bɪn steɪɪŋ ɪn kæmps rən baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn ˈtrɪpəli. əˈfɪʃəlz kəmˈpɛr kənˈdɪʃənz ɪn ðɛm tɪ kæmps., hu ɪz ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ˈməni tɪ hɛlp ˈmaɪgrənts ɪn ˈlɪˌbiə ə ˈstrætəʤi ðə blɑk hoʊps wʊd dɪˈskərɪʤ ðɛm frəm traɪɪŋ tɪ krɔs ðə si sɛd hi ɪkˈspɛktɪd ərˈaɪvəlz ɪn ˈɪtəli ðɪs jɪr sˈlaɪtli əˈbəv ðə hu keɪm ɪn 2016 stɪl həz ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv rɪˈsivɪŋ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈmaɪgrənts ðeɪ ər rɪˈsivɪŋ, bət ənˈlɛs ðɪs kɪks ɪn ɪˈfɪʃəntli, ðeɪ wɪl sun riʧ ə ˌsæʧərˈeɪʃən point,”*,” hi sɛd. læk əv ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti səm ˈmɪljən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ənd ˈmaɪgrənts hæv əraɪvd ɪn ðə əˈkrɔs ðə ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən sɪns 2014 ðət ˈfɪgjər peɪlz ɪn kəmˈpɛrəsən wɪθ ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv hæf ə ˈbɪljən ˈpipəl bət ðə ˈɪnˌfləks kɔt ðə blɑk baɪ səˈpraɪz ənd ˈtrɪgərd ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈbætəlz əˈməŋ ˈmɛmbər steɪts. mi ðə ˈkraɪsəs ɪz nɑt ðə ˈnəmbərz ðət əraɪv. ðə ˈkraɪsəs ɪz ðə ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ˈprɑpərli rɪˈspɛkt ənd ˈɪmpləmənt ðət (ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti) principle,”*,” sɛd, ˈædɪŋ hɪz vɔɪs tɪ kɔlz fər ə ˈfɛrər ˈbərdən ˈʃɛrɪŋ əˈməŋ ˈmɛmbər steɪts. ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv həz ˈoʊpənd ˈligəl ˈkeɪsɪz əˈgɛnst ˈpoʊlənd, ˈhəŋgəri ənd ðə ʧɛk riˈpəblɪk fər rɪfˈjuzɪŋ tɪ teɪk ɪn ˈpipəl tɪ hɛlp ˈfrənˌtlaɪn pɪrz ˈɪtəli ənd gris. ðə ˈistərnərz saɪt sɪˈkjʊrəti kənˈsərnz. ə ˈsərtən pɔɪnt ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈkəntriz wɪl hæv tɪ teɪk ə boʊld dɪˈsɪʒən ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu əv ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti bɪˈkəz ðə ki tɪ waɪ wi ˌjʊrəˈpiənz gɑt təˈgɛðər, noʊ? ˈəðərˌwaɪz, waɪ ər wi here?”*?” sɛd, ən ˌɪˈtæljən ˈnæʃənəl. hɪz ˈkɑmɛnts ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ əˈnɔɪ səm ˈfɔrmər ˈkɑmjənəst steɪts ɪn ˈistərn ˈjʊrəp. ˈgəvərnmənts, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ˈpoʊlənd ənd ˈhəŋgəri, hæv vaʊd nɑt tɪ jild tɪ ˈbrəsəlz ənd ˈwɛstərn steɪts ðət ɪˈspaʊz mɔr ˈlɪˌbərəl vjuz. ðə spæt ˈoʊvər maɪˈgreɪʃən prɪˈsɪpɪˌteɪtɪd ə ˈbrɔdər klæʃ ˈoʊvər ˈbeɪsɪk ˈvæljuz ɪn ðə. səm seɪ ðə ˈistərnərz ʃʊd si ðɛr ˈʤɛnərəs ˈhænˌdaʊts kət ɪn ˌrɛtrəˈbjuʃən. ˈəðərz wɔrn ðət wʊd ˈoʊnli ˈdipən dɪˈvaɪdz ənd fjuəl euroscepticism*, wɪʧ ɔˈrɛdi ˈtrɪgərd brexit*. ɪn ˈlɪˌbiə, ðə ˈwiknəs əv ðə ˈtrɪpəli ˈgəvərnmənt minz mɪˈlɪʃəz ənd ˈəðər grups kənˈtroʊl məʧ əv ðə ˈkəntri, ˈgreɪtli ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈɛfərts tɪ hɛlp ðə ˈmaɪgrənts, bət ðə həz ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs ɪnˈgeɪʤd wɪθ ˈtrɪpəli, ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪts koʊst gɑrd ənd ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈəðər səˈpɔrt. ðə həz bɪn baɪ raɪts grups fər traɪɪŋ tɪ kip ˈpipəl ɪn ˈpleɪsɪz wɛr ðɛr lɪvz ər æt ˈpɛrəl. əˈfɪʃəlz ˈpraɪvətli ˈɔlsoʊ frɛt æt ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ɪn ˈlɪˌbiə ðeɪ si ɛz ˈɔfən ˈkloʊsli ˌɪntərtˈwaɪnd wɪθ ɑrmd grups, ˈkrɪmənəl gæŋz ənd ˈpipəl sˈməgələrz. “(“(but*) aɪ wʊd æsk wət wʊd bi ðə alternative,”*,” sɛd. ˈsəmˌbɑdi kənˈvɪnsɪz mi ðət ðɛr ɪz ə ˈvaɪəbəl ɔlˈtərnətɪv ðət kən əˈʧiv ðə seɪm ər mɔr, aɪ si wət ɛls kən bi done.”*.”
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brussels (reuters) - the european union must do more to help protect migrants stranded in libya and to convince its member states to share the burden of caring for refugees who reach europe, a senior official at the international organisation for migration said.
migrants receive medical care at a naval base after they were rescued by libyan coastguard, in the coastal city of tripoli, libya, may 26, 2017. reuters/hani amara
eugenio ambrosi, eu director at the iom, the united nations’ migration body, was speaking before a summit of eu leaders next week that is due to discuss efforts to stop african migrants from travelling to europe from libya and to seek a way out of their stalemate over the hosting of asylum seekers.
“there is an effort, and that should be increased, to ensure and improve the level of protection of the migrants that are currently in libya,” ambrosi told reuters in an interview late on wednesday.
the libya-italy route is now the one most heavily used by people trying to reach europe. the united nations says more than 1,850 have perished in the mediterranean this year trying to make the crossing.
ambrosi put the total number of migrants currently in libya at 800,000. he said the iom had flown 4,600 migrants home from libya so far this year and aims to increase that to 12,000.
the migrants being returned, mostly to sub-saharan africa, have often been staying in camps run by the u.n.-backed government in tripoli. eu officials compare conditions in them to war-time camps.
ambrosi, who is in charge of channelling eu money to help migrants in libya - a strategy the bloc hopes would discourage them from trying to cross the sea - said he expected arrivals in italy this year slightly above the 181,000 who came in 2016.
“italy still has the possibility of receiving the number of migrants they are receiving, but unless this responsibility-sharing kicks in efficiently, they will soon reach a saturation point,” he said.
lack of eu solidarity
some 1.7 million refugees and migrants have arrived in the eu across the mediterranean since 2014. that figure pales in comparison with the eu’s population of half a billion people but the influx caught the bloc by surprise and triggered internal battles among member states.
“for me the crisis is not the numbers that arrive. the crisis is the inability to properly respect and implement that (solidarity) principle,” ambrosi said, adding his voice to calls for a fairer burden sharing among eu member states.
the eu’s executive has opened legal cases against poland, hungary and the czech republic for refusing to take in people to help frontline peers italy and greece. the easterners cite security concerns.
“at a certain point the majority of eu countries will have to take a bold decision on the issue of solidarity because the key to why we europeans got together, no? otherwise, why are we here?” said ambrosi, an italian national.
his comments are likely to annoy some former communist states in eastern europe. nationalist-minded governments, especially in poland and hungary, have vowed not to yield to brussels and western eu states that espouse more liberal views.
the spat over migration precipitated a broader clash over basic values in the eu.
some say the easterners should see their generous eu handouts cut in retribution. others warn that would only deepen divides and fuel euroscepticism, which already triggered brexit.
in libya, the weakness of the tripoli government means militias and other groups control much of the country, greatly complicating efforts to help the migrants, but the eu has nevertheless engaged with tripoli, training its coast guard and offering other support.
the eu has been criticised by rights groups for trying to keep people in places where their lives are at peril.
eu officials privately also fret at dealing with institutions in libya they see as often closely intertwined with armed groups, criminal gangs and people smugglers.
“(but) i would ask what would be the alternative,” ambrosi said. “unless somebody convinces me that there is a viable alternative that can achieve the same or more, i don’t see what else can be done.”
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ˈwɔrən ɪz ˈluzɪŋ ðə ˈnɛrətɪv ɔn hər ˈhɪstəri əv ˈkleɪmɪŋ tɪ bi ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən həz ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ˈwɔrən bɪn ˈdæmɪʤd baɪ ðə fjud wɪθ ˈdɑnəld trəmp ˈoʊvər trəmp ˈkɔlɪŋ hər ““pocahontas”*”? ɪf ju rɛd ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈpəndɪts, hu lɪv wɪˈθɪn ˈbəbəl, θɪŋk ˈwɔrən gɑt ðə ˈbɛtər əv ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ baɪ ˈkɔlɪŋ trəmp ˈreɪsɪst. ɛz ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ˈdəzənz əv taɪmz, aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs hərts ˈwɔrən bɪˈkəz trəmp ɪz ˈbrændɪŋ hər ɛz ə frɔd. wəns soʊ ˈbrændɪd, goʊɪŋ tɪ bi hɑrd tɪ ɪˈskeɪp. ðə ˈmɛʒər əv ˈdæmɪʤ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz nɑt ˈrɪli ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈmidiə, ðə ˈnæʧərəl sɔrs əv strɛŋθ, ðə leɪt naɪt ʃoʊz. ðə fərst ˈɛvədəns ðɪs ˈbrændɪŋ wɑz ˈhərtɪŋ ˈwɔrən wɑz wɪn hər fæn ənd səˈpɔrtər bɪl mɑr ˈkæʒəwəli rɪˈfərd tɪ hər ɛz ˌpoʊkəˈhɑnəs: æt list ˈkɑmɛnt, ɛz ˈkətɪŋ ɛz ɪt wɑz, wɑz ˈkrɪptɪk. ˈtrɛvər noʊə, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ʤɪst ɪkˈspleɪnd tɪ hɪz ˈɔdiəns wət ðə ril ˈɪʃu ɪz ɛz tɪ ðə ˌpoʊkəˈhɑnəs ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi, ənd ɪt ɪn ˈfeɪvər. waɪl ðɛr wɑz ˈplɛnti əv trəmp ˈbæʃɪŋ baɪ noʊə, hi ɪgˈzɪbətəd ən ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən dɪˈsɛpʃən ðət ˈrɛrli ɪz sin ɪn ðə ˈpɑpjələr ˈmidiə. ðə hɪl rɪˈpɔrts: ˈleɪtˌnaɪt hoʊst ˈtrɛvər noʊə sɛd sɛn. ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ˈwɔrən (d-mass*.) ˈsəmθɪŋ problematic”*” wɪθ kleɪmz əˈbaʊt hər ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ. ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈleɪtˌnaɪt ʃoʊ, noʊə sɛd ˈprɛzɪdənt ““pocahontas”*” ˈnɪkˌneɪm fər ˈwɔrən ɪz ə wən tɪ process.”*.” ˈnɪkˌneɪmz trəmp ˈjuzɪz ɔn ˈəðər ˈpipəl ər ““self-explanatory,”*,” hi sɛd. wɪn hi sɪz ‘‘pocahontas,’*,’ ju maɪt bi ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, ˈtrɛvər, kənfˈjuzd, ɪz ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ˈwɔrən ˈneɪtɪv america?’*?’ noʊə sɛd. ju si, ðə kˈwɛʃən bɪˈkəz, fər ə lɔŋ taɪm, ʃi sɛd ʃi was.”*.” noʊə sɛd ɪn 2012 ðə nu ˈɪŋglənd hɪˈstɔrɪk soʊˈsaɪɪti into”*” ənd faʊnd pruf əv ˈwɔrən ˈhævɪŋ ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən lineage.”*.” noʊə sɛd ðət wɑz ““problematic.”*.” hi sɛd hi ɪz ˈstrəgəlɪŋ wɪθ ðə kˈwɛʃən əv ˈwɛðər trəmp ɪz ˈreɪsɪst. ˈdɑnəld trəmp ˈreɪsɪst? jæ. bət ɪn hɪz oʊn weɪ, hi ɪz ˈhɪtɪŋ ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ˈwɔrən fər seɪɪŋ ʃi ɪz ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən wɪn ʃi wasn’t,”*,” noʊə, ə ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈkrɪtɪk əv trəmp, sɛd. noʊə sɛd nɑt ðət ˈwɔrən ə crime.”*.” ˈwɔrən dɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk, ðə kaɪnd əv θɪŋ wi ˈraɪtfəli kɔl iʧ ˈəðər aʊt fər ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl day,”*,” noʊə kənˈtɪnjud. ɛz wɪrd ɛz ɪt ɪz tɪ seɪ, ɪn hɪz oʊn ˈreɪʃəli əˈfɛnsɪv weɪ, ˈdɑnəld trəmp wɑz biɪŋ woʊk. jæ, ənd, ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ðə truth.”*.” wɪn ˈwɔrən ɪz ˈluzɪŋ ðə leɪt naɪt ʃoʊz tɪ trəmp, ˈluzɪŋ bɪg lig.
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warren is losing the narrative on her history of claiming to be native american
has elizabeth warren been damaged by the feud with donald trump over trump calling her “pocahontas”?
if you read the liberal pundits, who live within #theresistance bubble, you’d think warren got the better of the exchange by calling trump racist. as i’ve pointed out dozens of times, i think this hurts warren because trump is branding her as a fraud. once so branded, it’s going to be hard to escape.
the measure of damage, however, is not really the political media, it’s the natural source of warren’s strength, the late night shows.
the first evidence this branding was hurting warren was when her fan and supporter bill maher casually referred to her as pocahontas:
at least maher’s comment, as cutting as it was, was cryptic.
trevor noah, however, just explained to his audience what the real issue is as to the pocahontas controversy, and it wasn’t in warren’s favor. while there was plenty of trump bashing by noah, he exhibited an understanding of warren’s native american deception that rarely is seen in the popular media.
the hill reports:
late-night host trevor noah said sen. elizabeth warren (d-mass.) “did something problematic” with claims about her native american heritage. during his late-night show, noah said president trump’s “pocahontas” nickname for warren is a “tricky one to process.” nicknames trump uses on other people are “self-explanatory,” he said. “but when he says ‘pocahontas,’ you might be thinking, ‘wait trevor, i’m confused, is elizabeth warren native america?’ ” noah said. “and you see, that’s the question because, for a long time, she said she was.” noah said in 2012, the new england historic genealogical society “looked into” and found “no proof of warren having native american lineage.” noah said that was “problematic.” he said he is struggling with the question of whether trump is racist. “is donald trump racist? yeah. but in his own way, he is hitting elizabeth warren for saying she is native american when she wasn’t,” noah, a frequent critic of trump, said. noah said it’s not that warren “committed a crime.” “elizabeth warren did something problematic, the kind of thing we rightfully call each other out for every single day,” noah continued. “so as weird as it is to say, in his own racially offensive way, donald trump was being woke. yeah, and that’s, unfortunately, the truth.”
when warren is losing the late night shows to trump, she’s losing big league.
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ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk plænts ˌrikˈwaɪər ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈɛləmənts tɪ groʊ ɪn ə ˈhɛlθi weɪ ðət ˌɪnˈklud ˈnaɪtrəʤən (ɛn), ˈfɑsfərəs (pi) ənd pəˈtæsiəm (keɪ) əˈlɔŋ wɪθ səm treɪs ˈɛləmənts səʧ ɛz ˈsəlfər, aɪərn, ˈmæŋgəˌniz, zɪŋk, ˈkɑpər, ˈbɔˌrɑn, mægˈniziəm, ˈkælsiəm, ˈklɔrin, ənd məˈlɪbdɪnəm. ˈnaɪtrəʤən (ɛn) ɪz ən ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈɛləmənt, ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər lif ənd stɛm groʊθ, ˈfɑsfərəs (pi) ɪz fər rut groʊθ ənd pəˈtæsiəm (keɪ) ɪz ˈnidɪd fər ˈhɛlθi plænt groʊθ. ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk ˈnutriənts ər dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntu ˈmækroʊ ˈnutriənts ənd ˈmaɪˌkroʊ ˈnutriənts. ˈnutriənts ˈnidɪd ɪn ˈvɛri smɔl əˈmaʊnts ər ənd ðoʊz ər ˈnidɪd ɪn ˈlɑrʤər kˈwɑntətiz ər kɔld macronutrients*. ðə ˈnutriənts ɪn ə ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk ˈsɪstəm ər mɪkst wɪθ ðə ˈwɔtər ənd sɛnt dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ðə rut ˈsɪstəm. bɪˈloʊ ɪz ə ˈfreɪmˌwərk wɪʧ ju ʃʊd kənˈsɪdər tɪ fid jʊr plænts wɪθ ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk ˈnutriənts: www.advancednutrients.com/hydroponics/calc*/ ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə saɪz əv jʊr ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk ˈgɑrdən, ju nid tɪ fid jʊr plænts wɪθ tɪ 1 ˈgælən əv ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk ˈnutriənt səˈluʃən əˈveɪləbəl fər iʧ plænt ɪn ðə ˈsɪstəm. steɪɪŋ wɪˈθɪn ðɪs reɪnʤ wɪl prɪˈvɛnt jʊr plænts frəm ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə ˈpiˈeɪʧ ˈlɛvəl ˈfrikwɛntli. traɪ tɪ fid jʊr plænts wɪθ beɪs ˈnutriənts ðət kəmˈpraɪz groʊ, blum, ənd ˈmaɪˌkroʊ ˈnutriənts. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə groʊθ steɪʤ, ju nid tɪ juz groʊ ˈnutriənts. groʊ ˈnutriənts kənˈteɪn ðə ˈprɑpər blɛnd əv ənd ˈəðər treɪs ˈɛləmənts. ˈsɪmələrli, ðə blum ˈnutriənt ʃʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi mɪkst wɪθ ˈmaɪˌkroʊ ˈnutriənts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈbədɪŋ ˈfeɪzɪz əv jʊr plænts. ɪf ju wɔnt ðə ˈbɪgəst, moʊst ˈkələrfəl, ˌɛrəˈmætɪk, ənd moʊst ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk ˈgɑrdən ðɛn ju ʃʊd juz ðə ˈfaɪnəst kˈwɑləti əv ˈnutriənt ˈprɑdəkts. ɛz ə ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk groʊər ju wʊd laɪk ðə sɪmˈplɪsɪti ənd ˈfiʧər əv ðiz ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk ˈprɑdəkts. plænts nid ˈdɪfərənt ˈnutriənts θruaʊt ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ɪts laɪf. ðə əˈmaʊnt əv iʧ ˈfərtəˌlaɪzər tɪ juz ənd æt wət taɪm ɪn ðə groʊɪŋ ˈsaɪkəl ɪz dɪˈtərmənd baɪ ə ˈfidɪŋ ˈskɛʤʊl, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈsidlɪŋz ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈdɪfərənt ˈreɪʃiˌoʊz əv ˈnutriənts ðən ə plænt ɪn ɪts blum steɪʤ. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈrɛgjələr fud, ðɛr ər ə fju ˈædɪtɪvz səʧ ɛz ˈvaɪtəmənz, treɪs ˈnutriənt ˌsəpləˈmɛnts, ənd plænt ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz ðət hɛlp tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈhɛlθi ənd pərˈdəktɪv plænts. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ juz ˈsɪlɪkə ɛz ˈædɪtɪv tɪ bust ðə ˌɪmˈjun ˈsɪstəm əv jʊr plænts. ɪf ju ər ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈsiˌwid beɪst ˈfərtəˌlaɪzər, rɪˈmɛmbər tɪ æd səm əˈdɪʃənəl ˈlɪkwɪd ˈsiˌwid. ðə rikˈwaɪərd ˈpiˈeɪʧ reɪnʤ əv ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk səˈluʃən ˈjuʒəwəli ˈvɛriz frəm plænt tɪ plænt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv plænts fɔl ɪn ðə reɪnʤ əv tɪ gɪt ə ˈpiˈeɪʧ tɛst kɪt tɪ tɛst ðə ˈpiˈeɪʧ ˈlɛvəl əv jʊr ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk ˈnutriənt səˈluʃənz. tɪ groʊ ɔrˈgænɪk plænts wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ˈsɪstəm, ju nid tɪ fid jʊr plænts wɪθ ɔrˈgænɪk ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk ˈnutriənts. ðə ʧɔɪs ənd juz əv ˈnutriənts wɪl dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ðə krɑp ju ər groʊɪŋ ənd ɪts steɪʤ əv groʊθ. sɪns plænts hæv ˈdɪfərənt nuˈtrɪʃənəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ɪn ˈsidlɪŋ ənd ˌvɛʤəˈteɪtɪv ˈsteɪʤɪz, ðə mɪks əv ˈnutriənts meɪ ˈdɪfər frəm steɪʤ tɪ steɪʤ. səm əv ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɔrˈgænɪk ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk ˈnutriənts ðət ju kən juz tɪ fid jʊr plænts ər ˈhoʊˈmeɪd ˈnutriənts, fɪʃ weɪst, ˈnutriənts ənd ˈsiˌwid ər kɛlp. baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ɔrˈgænɪk ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk ˈnutriənts ənd ˌhaɪdrəˈpɑnɪk ˈprɑdəkts, ju kən ɪkˈspɛkt mɔr ˈkələrfəl ˈpɛtəlz, ˈræpɪd groʊθ, ˈbɪgər jildz, ənd ˈhɛlθiər plænts. faɪld ˈəndər:
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hydroponic plants require a number of elements to grow in a healthy way that include nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p) and potassium (k) along with some trace elements such as sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, magnesium, calcium, chlorine, and molybdenum. nitrogen (n) is an essential element, important for leaf and stem growth, phosphorus (p) is for root growth and potassium (k) is needed for healthy plant growth. hydroponic nutrients are divided into macro nutrients and micro nutrients. nutrients needed in very small amounts are micronutrients and those are needed in larger quantities are called macronutrients. the nutrients in a hydroponic system are mixed with the water and sent directly to the root system. below is a framework which you should consider to feed your plants with hydroponic nutrients:
www.advancednutrients.com/hydroponics/calc/
whatever the size of your hydroponic garden, you need to feed your plants with ½ to 1 gallon of hydroponic nutrient solution available for each plant in the system. staying within this range will prevent your plants from changing the ph level frequently.
try to feed your plants with three-part base nutrients that comprise grow, bloom, and micro nutrients. during the growth stage, you need to use grow nutrients. grow nutrients contain the proper blend of npk and other trace elements. similarly, the bloom nutrient should also be mixed with micro nutrients during the budding phases of your plants.
if you want the biggest, most colorful, aromatic, and most impressive hydroponic garden then you should use the finest quality of three-part nutrient products. as a hydroponic grower you would like the simplicity and easy-mixing feature of these hydroponic products.
plants need different nutrients throughout the various stages of its life. the amount of each fertilizer to use and at what time in the growing cycle is determined by a feeding schedule, for example, seedlings require different ratios of nutrients than a plant in its bloom stage.
in addition to regular food, there are a few additives such as vitamins, trace nutrient supplements, and plant hormones that help to create healthy and productive plants. you can also use silica as additive to boost the immune system of your plants.
if you are using a seaweed based fertilizer, remember to add some additional liquid seaweed.
the required ph range of hydroponic solution usually varies from plant to plant, however the vast majority of plants fall in the range of 5.0 to 7.0. get a ph test kit to test the ph level of your hydroponic nutrient solutions.
to grow organic plants with the help of hydroponics system, you need to feed your plants with organic hydroponic nutrients. the choice and use of hydro-organic nutrients will depend on the crop you are growing and its stage of growth. since plants have different nutritional requirements in seedling and vegetative stages, the mix of nutrients may differ from stage to stage. some of the important organic hydroponic nutrients that you can use to feed your plants are homemade nutrients, fish waste, readymade hydro-organic nutrients and seaweed or kelp. by using organic hydroponic nutrients and hydroponic products, you can expect more colorful petals, rapid growth, bigger yields, and healthier plants.
filed under: hydroponics
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ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 26 2017 ˈbɪʃəp ʃˈnaɪdər, ɑgˈzɪljəri ˈbɪʃəp əv ɪn kazahkstan*, ˈpəblɪʃt ə ˈkɑləm ɪn ðə romana*, ɔn ðə θim əv ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv ˈvætɪkən ənd ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈkraɪsəs ɪn ðə church”*”. hir ər ðə meɪn pɔɪnts əv hɪz ˈɑrtɪkəl. ðə ɑgˈzɪljəri ˈbɪʃəp əv bɪˈgɪnz baɪ drɔɪŋ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ˈkraɪsəs ðə ʧərʧ ɪz goʊɪŋ θru ðət, tɪ kwoʊt hɪz ɪgˈzækt tərmz, ɪz wɪθ ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkraɪsəs ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri, wɪn ˈæriəˌnɪzəm hæd kənˈtæməˌneɪtɪd ðə ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə episcopacy”*”. feɪst wɪθ səʧ ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən bɪˈlivz ˈbɪʃəp ʃˈnaɪdər ɪt ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ kip ə haɪər pərˈspɛktɪv, wɪθ ““realism”*” əˈbaʊt ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɔn wən hænd, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈspɪrɪt, wɪθ ə proʊˈfaʊnd ləv fər ðə ʧərʧ, ɑr ˈməðər, hu ɪz ˈsəfərɪŋ ðə ˈpæʃən əv kraɪst bɪˈkəz əv ðɪs trɪˈmɛndəs ənd ˈʤɛnərəl ˈdɑktrənəl, ləˈtərʤɪkəl ənd ˈpæstərəl confusion”*”, ɔn ðə ˈəðər. ðɪs ˈsəmɪt əˈvɔɪdz extremes”*”, sɪz ðə ˈprɛlɪt: kəmˈplit rejection”*” əv ˈvætɪkən, ənd ðə ““infallibilization”*” ðət siks tɪ fərˈbɪd ˈɛni dəˈbeɪt ɔn ðə kənˈtɛnʃəs pɔɪnts ɪn ðə ˈkaʊnsəl. ðə attitude”*” ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd baɪ ˈbɪʃəp ʃˈnaɪdər təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈkaʊnsəl nɑt mean,”*,” hi ɪkˈspleɪnz, wi ər ˈfɔrbɪdən tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs daʊts ər rɪˈspɛktfəl ˌɪmˈpruvmənt səˈʤɛsʧənz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ səm spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈaɪtəmz, waɪl duɪŋ soʊ beɪst ɔn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər trəˈdɪʃən əv ðə ʧərʧ ənd ɔn ðə ˈkɑnstənt magisterium.”*.” ðə ˈprɛlɪt ɪz mɔr prɪˈsaɪs: jɛs, ðɛr ər ˌɪnˈdid ““ambiguities”*” ɪn ðə ˈkaʊnsəl. "ðoʊz ˈsteɪtmənts əv ˈvætɪkən wɪʧ ər æmˈbɪgjuəs məst bi rɛd ənd ˌɪnˈtərprətəd əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsteɪtmənts əv ðə ɪnˈtaɪər trəˈdɪʃən ənd əv ðə ˈkɑnstənt əv ðə ʧərʧ." wɪθ ðɪs kraɪˈtɪriən əv dɪˈsərnmənt, ˈbɪʃəp ʃˈnaɪdər bɪˈlivz ɪt bɪˈkəmz ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ si ðə ˈdɑgmə əv kraɪst ðə kɪŋ ɛz ˈfʊli ˈæpləkəbəl təˈdeɪ; tɪ rɪˈstɔr tru sense”*” tɪ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈpraɪməsi əv ðə səkˈsɛsər əv ˈpitər ɪn ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əv ðə ʧərʧ; ənd ˈivɪn tɪ ˌɪnˈsɪst əˈpɑn əv ɔl nɑnˈkæθlɪk riˈlɪʤənz ənd ðɛr ˈdeɪnʤərəsnəs fər ðə ɪˈtərnəl sælˈveɪʃən əv ðə souls”*”. əˈlɔŋ ðə seɪm laɪnz, ðə ˈprɛlɪt ˈvɔɪsɪz hɪz daʊts ɛz tɪ ðə dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv ˈkɛrɪktər əv ðə ˈdɔktərɪn ɔn rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈlɪbərˌti. ɪt ɪz ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ðɪs ɪnˈdɛvər tɪ kərˈɛkt ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈvætɪkən ˈkaʊnsəl ə ˌsupərˈhjumən ɪnˈdɛvər ɪn ˈmɛni weɪz ðət ˈbɪʃəp ʃˈnaɪdər ˈpleɪsɪz ðə kˈwɛʃən əv ðə kəˈnɑnəkəl ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈpristli soʊˈsaɪɪti əv st*. paɪəs ɛks:, ənd ˈfʊli ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ɪn ðə laɪf əv ðə ʧərʧ, kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ gɪv ə ˈvæljəbəl ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən ɪn ðɪs dəˈbeɪt ɛz ˈɑrʧˈbɪʃəp mɑrˈsɛl ləˈfeɪbər desired.”*.” ənd hi kənˈtɪnjuz: ˈfʊli kəˈnɑnəkəl ˈprɛzəns əv ðə ɪn ðə laɪf əv ðə ʧərʧ əv ɑr deɪz kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlp tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈklaɪmɪt əv kənˈstrəktɪv debate”*” ɔn ˈvætɪkən. ɪn ðə ɛnd, ˈbɪʃəp ˈkɑləm pruvz tɪ bi ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən: ə ˈbɪʃəp frəm ““outside”*” ðə wərld əv trəˈdɪʃən ˈklɪrli ənd kənˈsaɪsli, ənd ɪn ə ˈvɛri fri weɪ, ˈpleɪsɪz ðə ˈbərnɪŋ kˈwɛʃən əv ðə æmbəˈgjuətiz əv ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈvætɪkən ˈkaʊnsəl ənd ðə kərˈɛkʃənz ðət nid tɪ bi meɪd raɪt bæk æt ðə hɑrt əv ðə ˈmætər. ɛz ən ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əbˈzərvər, ðə ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl roʊl ðə ˈprɛlɪt əˈtrɪˌbjuts tɪ ðə soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər ɪz nɑt wɪˈθaʊt ˈɪntəˌrɛst: hi siz ɪt ɛz ˈhɛlpɪŋ tɪ ʃɛd laɪt əˈpɑn ðə æmbəˈgjuətiz ənd tɪ brɪŋ ˈɛvər mɔr ˈɑnər tɪ ðə ˈpristhʊd ənd ðə ˈlɪtərʤi ɪn ðə ʧərʧ. ˈbɪʃəp ʃˈnaɪdər simz tɪ bi rɪˈpitɪŋ ðə ˈfeɪməs wərdz əv poʊp ʤɑn pɔl ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈseɪkrɪd ˈkɑlɪʤ ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 6 1978 "ðə ˈkaʊnsəl məst bi ˌəndərˈstʊd ɔn ðə laɪt əv ðə hoʊl trəˈdɪʃən ənd ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðə ˈkɑnstənt ˈtiʧɪŋ əv ðə ʧərʧ." ˈɑrʧˈbɪʃəp ləˈfeɪbər, hu ækˈsɛptɪd ðɪs ˈprɪnsəpəl, ɪkˈspleɪnd ɪts ɪgˈzækt ˈminɪŋ tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈɛni mɪˈsteɪkən ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃənz. ˈʤəʤɪŋ ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts əv ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ɪn ðə laɪt əv trəˈdɪʃən, hi ɪkˈspleɪnd ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 2 1983 ˈɑbviəsli minz ðət wi ˈriʤɛkt ðoʊz ðət ər ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ trəˈdɪʃən, ðət wi ˌɪnˈtərprət ðoʊz ðət ər æmˈbɪgjuəs əˈlɔŋ ðə laɪnz əv trəˈdɪʃən, ənd ðət wi əkˈsɛpt ðoʊz ðət ər ɪn ˈkipɪŋ wɪθ tradition.”*.” trəˈdɪʃən ɪz laɪk ə ˈfɪltər tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ðə wit frəm ðə ʧæf. ˈkɑnˌkritli, ˈɑrʧˈbɪʃəp ləˈfeɪbər ɛnˈvɪzɪʤd ə ˈgræʤuəl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən əv ðə ˈkraɪsəs: "ðə poʊp kʊd dɪˈklɛr wɪθ əˈθɔrəti ðət səm əv ðə tɛksts əv ˈvætɪkən nid tɪ bi ˈbɛtər ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɪn ðə laɪt əv trəˈdɪʃən, tɪ səʧ ən ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ɪt bɪˈkəmz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ ʧeɪnʤ səm ˈfreɪzɪz, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ meɪk ðɛm mɔr ˈfeɪθfəl tɪ ðə əv ðə priˈsidɪŋ poʊpz. ɪt nidz tɪ bi sɛd ˈklɪrli ðət ˈɛrər kən ˈoʊnli bi ‘‘tolerated’*’, ənd ðət ɪt ˈkænɑt hæv ˈɛni ‘‘rights’*’, ənd ðət ə rɪˈlɪʤəsli ˈnutrəl steɪt ˈkænɑt ənd məst nɑt ɪgˈzɪst." ɪn ˈænsər tɪ wət wʊd wən deɪ bɪˈkəm ðə əv continuity”*” soʊ dɪr tɪ ˈbɛnəˌdɪkt xvi*, ðət ɪz, ən ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən tɪ ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪt ðə ˈtiʧɪŋz əv ˈvætɪkən ˈɪntu ðə ˈkɑnstənt trəˈdɪʃən əv ðə ʧərʧ, hi ɪkˈspleɪnd: "ðɛr ər, əv kɔrs, səm tɛksts ðət ər ɪn ˈkipɪŋ wɪθ trəˈdɪʃən, ənd ðət poʊz noʊ ˈprɑbləm; ˈlumən gentium*, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈəðər ˈdɑkjəmənts, ðə wən ɔn ˈpristli fɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd ˈsɛməˌnɛriz. ðɛn ðɛr ər æmˈbɪgjuəs tɛksts, ðət kən ˌnənðəˈlɛs bi ‘‘interpreted’*’ kərˈɛktli əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə priˈsidɪŋ. bət ðɛr ər ˈɔlsoʊ tɛksts ðət ər ə ˈbleɪtənt ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkʃən əv trəˈdɪʃən ənd ɪt ɪz ɪn noʊ weɪ ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ 'incorporate’*’ ðɛm: ðə ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən ɔn rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈlɪbərˌti, ðə dɪˈkri ɔn ecumenism*, ðə dɪˈkri ɔn ðə ˈlɪtərʤi. ɪn ðiz ˈkeɪsɪz, ˈɛni əˈgrimənt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl."
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on july 26, 2017, bishop athanasius schneider, auxiliary bishop of astana in kazahkstan, published a column in the corrispondenza romana, on the theme of “the interpretation of vatican ii and the current crisis in the church”. here are the main points of his article.
the auxiliary bishop of astana begins by drawing attention to the unprecedented crisis the church is going through that, to quote his exact terms, is “comparable with the general crisis in the 4th century, when arianism had contaminated the overwhelming majority of the episcopacy”.
faced with such a situation – believes bishop schneider – it is necessary to keep a higher perspective, with “realism” about the situation on one hand, but also a “supernatural spirit, with a profound love for the church, our mother, who is suffering the passion of christ because of this tremendous and general doctrinal, liturgical and pastoral confusion”, on the other. this summit avoids “two extremes”, says the prelate: “a complete rejection” of vatican ii, and the “infallibilization” that seeks to forbid any debate on the contentious points in the council.
the “respectful attitude” advocated by bishop schneider towards the council “does not mean,” he explains, “that we are forbidden to express well-founded doubts or respectful improvement suggestions regarding some specific items, while doing so based on the entire tradition of the church and on the constant magisterium.”
the prelate is more precise: yes, there are indeed “ambiguities” in the council. "those statements of vatican ii which are ambiguous must be read and interpreted according to the statements of the entire tradition and of the constant magisterium of the church."
with this criterion of discernment, bishop schneider believes it becomes possible to see the dogma of christ the king as fully applicable today; to restore “its true sense” to the universal primacy of the successor of peter in the government of the church; and even to insist upon “the noxiousness of all non-catholic religions and their dangerousness for the eternal salvation of the souls”. along the same lines, the prelate voices his doubts as to the definitive character of the conciliar doctrine on religious liberty.
it is in the context of this endeavor to correct the second vatican council – a superhuman endeavor in many ways – that bishop schneider places the question of the canonical situation of the priestly society of st. pius x: “an sspx, canonically and fully integrated in the life of the church, could also give a valuable contribution in this debate – as archbishop marcel lefebvre desired.” and he continues: “the fully canonical presence of the sspx in the life of the church of our days could also help to create a general climate of constructive debate” on vatican ii.
in the end, bishop schneider’s column proves to be a particularly interesting contribution: a bishop from “outside” the world of tradition clearly and concisely, and in a very free way, places the burning question of the ambiguities of the second vatican council and the corrections that need to be made right back at the heart of the matter.
as an outside observer, the hypothetical role the prelate attributes to the society in the future is not without interest: he sees it as helping to shed light upon the conciliar ambiguities and to bring ever more honor to the priesthood and the liturgy in the church.
bishop schneider seems to be repeating the famous words of pope john paul ii before the sacred college on november 6, 1978: "the council must be understood on the light of the whole tradition and on the basis of the constant teaching of the church."
archbishop lefebvre, who accepted this principle, explained its exact meaning to avoid any mistaken interpretations. judging the documents of the council in the light of tradition, he explained on december 2, 1983: “this obviously means that we reject those that are contrary to tradition, that we interpret those that are ambiguous along the lines of tradition, and that we accept those that are in keeping with tradition.” tradition is like a filter to separate the wheat from the chaff.
concretely, archbishop lefebvre envisaged a gradual resolution of the crisis: "the pope could declare with authority that some of the texts of vatican ii need to be better interpreted in the light of tradition, to such an extent that it becomes necessary to change some phrases, in order to make them more faithful to the magisterium of the preceding popes. it needs to be said clearly that error can only be ‘tolerated’, and that it cannot have any ‘rights’, and that a religiously neutral state cannot and must not exist."
in answer to what would one day become the “hermeneutics of continuity” so dear to benedict xvi, that is, an artificial determination to incorporate the teachings of vatican ii into the constant tradition of the church, he explained: "there are, of course, some conciliar texts that are in keeping with tradition, and that pose no problem; lumen gentium, for example, but also other documents, the one on priestly formation and seminaries. then there are ambiguous texts, that can nonetheless be ‘interpreted’ correctly according to the preceding magisterium. but there are also texts that are a blatant contradiction of tradition and it is in no way possible to 'incorporate’ them: the declaration on religious liberty, the decree on ecumenism, the decree on the liturgy. in these cases, any agreement is impossible."
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ɪkˈstrimli rɛr ˈpɑrʧmənt ˈkɑpi əv ðə ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns həz bɪn faʊnd (ˈvɪdioʊ) təkt əˈweɪ ɪn ə ˈrɛkərdz ˈɔfəs ɪn ˈsəðərn ˈɪŋglənd fər ˈdɛkeɪdz, ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt wɑz ˈrisəntli dɪˈskəvərd baɪ tu ˈhɑrvərd ˈrisərʧərz, ˈɛmɪli ənd ˌdænˈjɛl ˈælən. æt ðə wɛst ˈsəsɪks ˈrɛkərdz ˈɔfəs ɪn ˈʧɪʧɛstər, ˈɪŋglənd, ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt wɑz ənˈkəvərd ɪn ɪts ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈkætəlɔg. ðə ˈsəsɪks ˈɑrˌkaɪv kɔld ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ə ˈkɑpi, ɔn ˈpɑrʧmənt, əv ðə ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs əv ðə ˈθərˈtin juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əv america.”*.” wɔʧ ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈvɪdioʊ æt <ə href=”//video.foxnews.com”>video.foxnews.com</a*> ðə ˌeɪˈpi rɪˈpɔrts: faʊnd veɪg dɪˈskrɪpʃənz əv ˈəðər ˈkɑpiz əv ðə ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən ðət tərnd aʊt tɪ bi ˌriprəˈdəkʃənz əv ðə saɪnd ˈpɑrʧmənt ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɑrˌkaɪvz, soʊ ðət wɑz wət aɪ wɑz expecting,”*,” toʊld ðə ˈhɑrvərd gəˈzɛt. strək mi ɛz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt wɑz ðət ɪt sɛd ˈmænjəˌskrɪpt ɔn parchment.”*.” aɪ lʊkt æt ɪt ˈkloʊsli, aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ si ˈditeɪlz, laɪk neɪmz ðət ɪn ðə raɪt ˈɔrdər ʤɑn ˈhænˌkɑk ˈlɪstɪd fərst, ə mɑrk æt ðə tɔp ðət lʊks laɪk ən erasure*, ðə tɛkst həz ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl ˌpəŋkʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn ɪt ənd ɪn ə ˈhænˌdraɪtɪŋ aɪ sin before,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ðoʊz ˈditeɪlz ˈstɑrtɪd ˈædɪŋ əp, aɪ brɔt ɪt tɪ əˈtɛnʃən ənd wi ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðɪs wɑz ˈdɪfərənt frəm ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈkɑpi wi hæd seen.”*.” ðə juˈnik θɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ɪz ðət ðə ˈsaɪnərz ər nɑt ˈbroʊkən daʊn baɪ steɪt, wɪʧ ɪz wən əv ðə dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ θɪŋz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈoʊnli ˈəðər ˈvərʒən, wɪʧ ɪz faʊnd ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɑrˌkaɪvz. ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt həz bɪn ˈdeɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈrisərʧərz ɛz ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ðə ənd ðət ɪt bɪˈlɔŋd tɪ ə əv ˈrɪʧmənd noʊn ɛz ðə duke’*’ fər hɪz səˈpɔrt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri war.”*.”
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extremely rare parchment copy of the declaration of independence has been found (video)
tucked away in a records office in southern england for decades, the document was recently discovered by two harvard researchers, emily sneff and danielle allen.
at the west sussex records office in chichester, england, the document was uncovered in its online catalog. the sussex archive called the document a “manuscript copy, on parchment, of the declaration in congress of the thirteen united states of america.”
watch the latest video at <a href=”//video.foxnews.com”>video.foxnews.com</a>
the ap reports:
“i’d found vague descriptions of other copies of the declaration that turned out to be 19th-century reproductions of the signed parchment in the national archives, so that was what i was expecting,” sneff told the harvard gazette. “what struck me as significant was that it said manuscript on parchment.” … “when i looked at it closely, i started to see details, like names that weren’t in the right order — john hancock isn’t listed first, there’s a mark at the top that looks like an erasure, the text has very little punctuation in it — and it’s in a handwriting i hadn’t seen before,” she said. “as those details started adding up, i brought it to danielle’s attention and we realized this was different from any other copy we had seen.”
the unique thing about this document is that the signers are not broken down by state, which is one of the defining things about the only other version, which is found in the national archives.
the document has been dated by the researchers as coming from the 1780s and that it belonged to a “duke of richmond known as the ‘radical duke’ for his support of americans during the revolutionary war.”
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dɔgz gɪt ˈoʊnli ðeɪ kən hir pɛt ˈləvərz ˈnɛvər sim tɪ gɪv ɪˈnəf tɪ ðɛr ˈænəməl kəmˈpænjənz. ðeɪ ˈpæmpər ðɛr pɛt wɪθ ““gourmet”*” fud, ““designer”*” ˈgɑrmənts, ˈsætən ənd sɪlk bɛdz, ʤuəl ɛnˈkrəstɪd ˈkɑlərz, ənd məʧ mɔr ðɛr ɪz ˈrɪli noʊ weɪ tɪ ˈivɪn noʊ ðət ə pɛt kən əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ɔl ðə θɪŋz wi du fər ðɛm, bət ðət sim tɪ θwɔrt ɑr ˈɛfərts. ðə ˈleɪtəst ɪz frəm ə ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ˈkɑntɛnt prəˈvaɪdər, dwango*, hu ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈrɛdi tɪ sɛl ðət ˈoʊnli dɔgz kən hir. ðə ˈsərvɪs, kɔld ni chakushinon”*” ˈoʊnli dɔgz kən hir) wɪl meɪk fri ˈdaʊnˌloʊdz əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈkɑrənt səbˈskraɪbərz. wət ˈpræktɪkəl ˈpərpəs ðɪs dɪˈvɛləpmənt wɪl sərv wɑz lɛft aʊt əv prɛs riˈlis. ʃʊr bi ə lɔt əv ˌəˈnænsərd sɛl foʊnz nɛkst tɪ ˈbɑrkɪŋ dɔgz, ˈwɪʃɪŋ ðə dæm θɪŋz wʊd stɑp ˈrɪŋɪŋ. (lɪŋk 1 ʃɛr ðɪs: ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈgugəl tˈwɪtər
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dogs get ringtone only they can hear
pet lovers never seem to give enough to their animal companions. they pamper their pet with “gourmet” food, “designer” garments, satin and silk beds, jewel encrusted collars, and much more
there is really no way to even know that a pet can appreciate all the things we do for them, but that doesn’t seem to thwart our efforts.
the latest is from a tokyo content provider, dwango, who is getting ready to sell ringtones that only dogs can hear. the service, called “inu ni shika kikoenai chakushinon” (ringtones only dogs can hear) will make free downloads available to current docomo i-mode subscribers.
what practical purpose this development will serve was left out of dwango’s press release.
i’m sure there’ll be a lot of unanswered cell phones next to barking dogs, wishing the damn things would stop ringing.
(link 1)
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ˈəpˌdeɪt ˈlænsɪŋ, mi ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ɪz ˈplænɪŋ ə əv shame”*” ɛz ˈmɪʃɪgən ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz stɑrt ðə nu ˈsɛʃən ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ tɪ ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz ənd ˈəðər lɔz pæst leɪt læst jɪr. ðə grup, wɑz bɪˈhaɪnd ˈɛfərts ðət əˈtræktəd ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈproʊˌtɛstərz tɪ ðə ˈkæpɪtəl ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər ɛz ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz pæst ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈɔpʃənəl fər ˈwərkərz ɪn ˈjunjən ʃɑps tɪ peɪ duz ər fiz. ɪt dɪˈskraɪbz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən əv ““faith*, kəmˈjunɪti, ˈleɪbər ənd progressive”*” ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz. səˈpɔrtərz plæn tɪ ˈgæðər æt ðə steɪt ˈkæpɪtəl ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ tɪ ə ˈmɛsɪʤ ðət ˈlænsɪŋ ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz nid tɪ kriˈeɪt ʤɑbz ənd prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈmɪdəl klæs, nɑt ˈkɔrpərət laɪk dɪk devos,”*,” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈæmˌweɪ ɛr ðə raɪt tɪ wərk ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən. ˈlænsɪŋ nərs ˈkɛli brəŋk sɛd pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ tɪ ðət ðə ˈwərkɪŋ ˈpipəl hæv nɑt fərˈgɑtən ðə dɪˈsɪʒənz ðət wər meɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə leɪm dək ˈsɛʃən ənd ðət wi ɪkˈspɛkt ðɪs nu ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn tɪ du ə ˈbɛtər ʤɑb ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ˈmɪʃɪgən workers.”*.” ˈrəfli ə kˈwɔrtər əv ðə haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ɪz ˈnuli ɪˈlɛktɪd ənd wɪl bi swɔrn ˈɪntu ˈɔfəs ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. ðə haʊs ənd ˈsɛnɪt boʊθ meɪnˈteɪn ðɛr rɪˈpəblɪkən məˈʤɔrɪtiz. ðoʊ ðə grup ənd ˈproʊˌtɛst ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn raɪt tɪ wərk, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ɪz ˈtɑrgətɪŋ əv ˈhæfˌbeɪkt bɪlz ðət hərt ˈmɪdəl klæs ˈfæməliz, ˈəndərˌmaɪn hɛlθ kɛr, ənd hɑrm ˈloʊkəl schools,”*,” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ. rɪˈleɪtɪd iˈmeɪl məˈlɪsə ˈændərz æt manders@mlive.com*. ˈfɑloʊ hər ɔn tˈwɪtər: @melissadanders*. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə fər ənd
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update
:
lansing, mi — a union-backed coalition is planning a “walk of shame” as michigan lawmakers start the new session on wednesday to criticize
and other laws passed late last year. the group,
was behind efforts that attracted thousands of protesters to the capitol in december as lawmakers passed legislation making it optional for workers in union shops to pay dues or fees. it describes itself as a coalition of “faith, community, labor and progressive” organizations. supporters plan to gather at the state capitol wednesday morning to “send a message that lansing politicians need to create jobs and protect the middle class, not corporate ceos like dick devos,” according to the event’s
. amway heir
the right to work legislation. lansing nurse kelly brunk said she’s participating on wednesday to “show that the working people have not forgotten the decisions that were made during the lame duck session and that we expect this new legislature coming in to do a better job representing michigan workers.” roughly a quarter of the 110-member house of representatives is newly elected and will be sworn into office on wednesday. the house and senate both maintain their republican majorities. though the group and protest focus on right to work, it also is targeting “dozens of half-baked bills that hurt middle class families, undermine women’s health care, and harm local schools,” according to the facebook page.
related
:
email melissa anders at manders@mlive.com. follow her on twitter: @melissadanders.
download the
for
and
.
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ɪn ˈɑnər əv ðə riˈlis əv ðə dɑrk naɪt ˈraɪzɪz, wi hæv bɪn ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ skɪlz əv ˈbætˌmæn, ˈmoʊstli ɛz rɪˈvild ɪn ðə wərks əv hɪz kriˈeɪtərz ənd ˈərli ˈstɔriˌtɛlərz, bɑb keɪn ənd bɪl ˈfɪŋgər. soʊ fɑr, wi hæv ˈkəvərd hɪz tu ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈdɪsəplənz, ˈbɑksɪŋ (pɑrt 1 ənd (pɑrt 2 naʊ wi wɪl bi ˈsəmɪŋ əp ɑr ˈsɪriz baɪ ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə ˈəðər ˈvɛrid ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts juzd baɪ ðə keɪpt kruˈseɪdər ɪn hɪz ˈgoʊldən eɪʤ ˈstɔriz. ðə ˈrɛsəlɪŋ əv ˈbætˌmæn waɪl wi hæv ʃoʊn ðət ɪz prɪˈdɑməˌneɪt ˈgræpəlɪŋ staɪl, ɪt ˈɪzənt ðə ˈoʊnli wən tɪ bi rɪˈvild ɛz pɑrt əv hɪz ˈrɛpərtˌwɑr. ɪn ˈbætˌmæn 11 "ˈbændəts ɪn toyland*", ðə daɪˈnæmɪk ˈduoʊ ɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli ʃoʊn ɔn ðə mæt ˈrənɪŋ θru "ˈrɛsəlɪŋ drɪlz", bət ˈbætˌmæn hɪmˈsɛlf ɪz rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz ə "ˈmæstər koʊʧ". ˈɛvədəns əv ðɪs ˈmæstəri əˈpɪrz ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ædˈvɛnʧərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈɪmɪʤ bɪˈloʊ wɪʧ dɪˈpɪkts ˈbætˌmæn ˈrɛndərɪŋ ə ʤaɪənt kæt (doʊnt æsk) ˌənˈkɑnʃəs θru ðə juz əv ə fʊl ˈnɛlsən. wən kən ˈɔlsoʊ si hi ɪz əˈwɛr ɪˈnəf tɪ pʊt hɪz "hʊks ɪn" ˈviə weɪ əv ə ˈdəbəl ˈgreɪpˌvaɪn ɔn ðə lɛgz, ə ˈpɑpjələr ˈtæktɪk frəm ˈrɛsəlɪŋ, ənd ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə ənd ˈgreɪpˌvaɪn ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd baɪ fræŋk gɑʧ ɪn hɪz 1908 bʊk, ˈrɛsəlɪŋ ənd haʊ tɪ treɪn: ˈbætˌmæn rɪˈvilz hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ bi ˈsəmθɪŋ əv ə "lɛg ˈrɛsələr" (ə ˈrɛsələr hu kən juz hɪz lɛgz ɛz əˈnəðər sɛt əv ɑrmz) wɪn hi ˈjuzɪz əˈnəðər ˈgreɪpˌvaɪn tɪ teɪk daʊn ən ɑrmd ˈkrɪmənəl, waɪl hi rɪˈmeɪnz ˈstændɪŋ. ðɪs fit ɪz meɪd ɔl ðə mɔr ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv baɪ ðə fækt hi dɪz soʊ wɪˈθaʊt ðə eɪd əv hɪz ɑrmz, wɪʧ hæv bɪn baʊnd. ɪn fækt, ˈbætˌmæn (ənd ˈrɑbɪn) ər skɪld ɪˈnəf tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ nɑt ˈoʊnli ʤəmp ˈɪntu ðə rɪŋ ənd feɪs ə pɛr əv prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈrɛsələrz ɪn dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈkɑmɪks 73 (mɑrʧ, 1943 bət tɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kˈwɪkli dɪˈfit ðɛm. əv kɔrs, ðə tu ˈrɛsələrz kʊd ˈvɛri wɛl ʤɪst bi "ˈwərkərz" ənd nɑt tru "ˈʃutərz", bət fər ˈbætˌmæn ənd ˈrɑbɪn tɪ ˈizəli ˈhændəl səʧ lɑrʤ mɛn ɪn ən ˈɪrə wɪn ˈækʧəwəl ˈgræpəlɪŋ skɪlz wɑz nɑt ənˈkɑmən, səˈʤɛsts ə ˈlɛvəl əv skɪl wɛl bɪɔnd ˈædəkˌweɪt. dɪˈspaɪt hɪz ˈɑbviəs prəˈfɪʃənsi æt ɪt, ˈbætˌmæn ɪz nɑt ʃoʊn ˈjuzɪŋ hɪz ˈrɛsəlɪŋ skɪlz ˈnɪrli ɛz məʧ ɛz hɪz ˈəðər ˈkɑmbæt skɪlz. ðə ˈrizən fər ðɪs ˈprɑbəˌbli laɪz wɪθ hɪz ˈoʊvərˌraɪdɪŋ praɪˈɔrəti tɪ kip ðə faɪt ˈstændɪŋ. du tɪ hɪz ˈɛksələnt ˈrɛsəlɪŋ skɪlz, hi kən ˈlaɪkli kip ðə faɪt ɔf ðə graʊnd ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. ˈmɛni ˈmæʧɪz hæv ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ðə suˈpɪriər ˈrɛsələr ɪz ðə wən hu ˈdɪkˌteɪts wɛr ðə faɪt teɪks pleɪs ɪn keɪs, hi prɪˈfərz steɪɪŋ ɔn hɪz fit. ɪn ðɪs rɪˈgɑrd, hɪz fəˈlɑsəfi ɔn ˈfaɪtɪŋ rɪˈzɛmbəlz ˈwɪljəm juərt fairbarn*, hu roʊt, wɪn dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ðə læk əv ɪn hɪz 1942 ˈkɑmbæt ˈmænjuəl: noʊ hoʊldz ər lɑks ɔn ðə graʊnd ər ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd. ðə ˈrizən fər ðɪs ɪz: ə) ðɪs ɪz wɔr: jʊr ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪz tɪ kɪl ər dɪˈspoʊz əv jʊr əˈpoʊnənt ɛz kˈwɪkli ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl bi) wəns ɔn ðə graʊnd, ju ər mɔr ˈvəlnərəbəl tɪ əˈtæk... ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ɪt ɪz ˈɑbviəs ju ʃʊd ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ɔn rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ɔn jʊr fit." ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs dɪz nɑt min tɪ ˌɪmˈplaɪ ˈbætˌmæn ˈnɛvər teɪks ðə faɪt tɪ ðə graʊnd. ɪn ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz wɛr hi ɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ə ˈsɪŋgəl əˈpoʊnənt ənd həz noʊ fɪr əv əˈnəðər kəmˈbætənt ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə freɪ, ˈbætˌmæn həz ʃoʊn ə prəˈpɛnsɪti tɪ teɪk hɪz foʊ daʊn tɪ wɛr hi kən kənˈtroʊl ənd dɪˈspæʧ ðɛm ɪn ˈbrutəl ˈfæʃən. wɪn hi ˈwɪʃɪz tɪ du ðɪs, hi wɪl ˈjuʒəwəli ʃut ɔn ðɛm, ɪmˈplɔɪɪŋ ə ˈdəbəl lɛg. əv kɔrs, hi maɪt hæv pɪkt əp ðɪs skɪl nɑt ɪn ˈrɛsəlɪŋ bət ɪn ˈfʊtˌbɔl, ɛz ˈrɛsəlɪŋ koʊʧ tɑd ˈsteɪtɪd, "ə [ˈrɛsəlɪŋ] ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ðən ə ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈtækəl." ˈrɑbɪn həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ʃoʊn tɪ bi kwaɪt əˈdɛpt ɪn ðiz takedowns/tackles*, ˈsimɪŋ tɪ səˈʤɛst ðiz skɪlz əraɪz frəm ðɛr ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪn ˈrɛsəlɪŋ ənd nɑt əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfʊtˌbɔl. ðə ˈfɛnsɪŋ əv ˈbætˌmæn səˈpraɪzɪŋli, wən əv ðə fju ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈbɑksɪŋ,, ənd ˈrɛsəlɪŋ, ɪn wɪʧ wi ˈæˌkʧuəli si ˈbætˌmæn ənd ˈrɑbɪn ˈtreɪnɪŋ, ɪz ˈfɛnsɪŋ. waɪl ɪt meɪ sim ˈludəkrəs ðət ə ˈmɑdərn (wɛl, ˈmɑdərn) wʊd nid tɪ noʊ haʊ tɪ juz ə fɔɪl ər ˈseɪbər, ɪn ˈgɑθəm ˈsɪti ɪt pruvz tɪ bi ə ˈrəðər ˈjusfəl ˈtælənt. ðə ˈgoʊldən eɪʤ ˈbætˌmæn simz tɪ faɪnd hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn ə duəl ˈɛvəri ˈkəpəl əv mənθs əˈgɛnst ˈmɑdərn deɪ ˈpaɪrəts, ˈʤɛnəlmɪn θivz, ər ˈvɪlənz laɪk ðə ˌkævəˈlɪr əv kraɪm ər ðə ˈpɛŋgwən. waɪl ˈbætˌmæn meɪ nɑt bi ə ˈmæstər swordsman*, hi ɪz ˈkɑmpətɪnt ɪˈnəf tɪ hoʊld hɪz oʊn əˈgɛnst moʊst foʊz ɪn ə klæʃ əv bleɪdz. bət ˈivɪn ɪf hi wərənt ˈfeɪsɪŋ soʊ ˈmɛni ˈkrɪmənəlz, wʊd ˈfɛnsɪŋ ˈɔfər ˈɛni tru ˈbɛnəfɪts tɪ ən ˈərbən ˌvɪʤəˈlænti? brus weɪn hɪmˈsɛlf θɪŋks soʊ, ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈrɑbɪn, "ˈfɛnsɪŋ ˈtiʧɪz ju kˈwɪknəs ənd ˈmuvmənt". oʊn grænt, ə hɪmˈsɛlf, ˈfərðər ˌɪnˈfɔrmz ˈjuˈɛs haʊ ˈfɛnsɪŋ eɪdz ˈbætˌmæn ɪn ˈfeɪsɪŋ ɔf əˈgɛnst ɑrmd əˈpoʊnənts: "ˈwɛpən ˈkɑmbæt ɪz ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt frəm əˈnɑrmd ˈkɑmbæt, soʊ ˈgɪtɪŋ ə fil fər ðət ˈdɪstəns ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. prɪˈsaɪs ˈfʊtˌwərk ənd məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən əv sɛd ˈdɪstəns ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈɛləmənt əv ðət spɔrt. "ə dɪˈvɛləps ə sɛns əv ˈtaɪmɪŋ fər wɪn tɪ kloʊz ər ˈoʊpən ˈdɪstəns, ənd ən ɪkˈsploʊsɪv bərst wɪθ wɪʧ tɪ du ɪt. gʊd ˈkɑmpləmɛnt tɪ ˈɛni ˈstraɪkɪŋ ˈtreɪnɪŋ, ɛz ɪt hɛlps dɪˈvɛləp gʊd, streɪt ˈpənʧɪz. "ənd fər ˈɛni ˈwɛpən dɪˈfɛns ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪt ˈtiʧɪz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ muv kˈwɪkli əˈweɪ frəm waɪld sˈlæʃɪz wɪθ ə naɪf ər swɪŋz əv ə kləb ənd ðɛn lip ɪn tɪ græb ɪn bɪtˈwin swɪŋz." ðət ˈsəmˌwən laɪk ˈbætˌmæn, (ə mæn hum wʊd wɔnt tɪ meɪk ɪt ə praɪˈɔrəti tɪ ˈnɛvər bi strək bɪˈkəz əv ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈfeɪtəl ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz, waɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtɪŋ ən ˈoʊpənɪŋ tɪ dɪˈlɪvər hɪz oʊn ku də greɪs) wʊd ɑpt tɪ ˈstədi ə spɔrt ðət ˈstrɛsɪz səʧ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈprɪnsəpəlz, ʃʊd kəm ɛz noʊ səˈpraɪz. wɪn ˈfeɪsɪŋ ɔf əˈgɛnst ˈkrɪmənəlz ɑrmd wɪθ naɪvz ər ˈkəʤəlz, lɛt əˈloʊn sɔrdz, ˈbætˌmæn wʊd faɪnd ðə skɪlz dɪˈvɛləpt ɪn ˈfɛnsɪŋ tɪ bi ˈvɛri ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl ɪn hɪz laɪn əv wərk. ˈbætˌmæn ˈwəzənt əˈloʊn ɪn ðɪs ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, fər əˈnəðər brus, ðɪs wən wɪθ ðə læst neɪm li, ˈɔlsoʊ sɔ ðə ædˈvæntɪʤɪz əv ˈsərtən ˈfɛnsɪŋ tɛkˈniks, ˈhævɪŋ ˈlərnɪd əˈbaʊt ðɛm θru hɪz ˈfɛnsɪŋ ˈbrəðər, ˈpitər. brus li əˈpɪrz tɪ hæv ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ˈmɛni ˈkɑnsɛpts frəm ðə spɔrt ˈɪntu hɪz oʊn ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrt əv du, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə stæns ənd ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl əv ðə "stop-thrust*", wɪʧ li kɔlz "stop-kick*." ˈfɛnsɪŋ ˈɔlsoʊ strɛst ɪˈfɪʃənsi, ɛz wɛl ɛz kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ˈdɪstəns, ˈtaɪmɪŋ ənd ˈrɪðəm, ɔl θɪŋz ðət boʊθ wʊd faɪnd ˈjusfəl ɪn ə faɪt. ðə fɔɪl, ənd ˈseɪbər wər nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli ˈwɛpənz wɪθ wɪʧ brus weɪn ənd hɪz wɔrd ˈstədid. ə ˈpæsɪŋ ˈkɑmɛnt tɪ dɪk ˈgreɪsən (ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn ˈbætˌmæn 4 steɪts, "ɪn ɑr ˈbɪznɪs, ɪt hɛlps tɪ noʊ ðə juz əv ɔl ˈwɛpənz." ðɪs əˈludz tɪ ðə fækt ˈbætˌmæn ənd ˈrɑbɪn hæv əˈpɛrəntli fəˈmɪljərˌaɪzd ðɛmˈsɛlvz wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈhænˌdhɛld ər ˈivɪn θroʊn ˈwɛpənz. waɪl wi kən ˈoʊnli gɛs wɪʧ wənz, ɪt wʊd bi seɪf tɪ əˈsum ˈwɛpənz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ naɪf, stɪk, keɪn, quarterstaff*, ˈbæˌtɑn, ənd ˈkəʤəl wʊd ɔl bi ɔn ðə lɪst; ɛz wɛl ɛz, əv kɔrs, θroʊn ˈwɛpənz səʧ ɛz ðə ˈbumərˌæŋ. lɑ də ˌʃɛvəˈlɪr nɔɪr waɪl ˈbætˌmæn ˈmoʊstli ˈjuzɪz hɪz fɪsts, ɪn ðɪs ˈsɪriz wi hæv ˈpruvən ðət ɔn əˈkeɪʒən hi ˈɔlsoʊ kɪkt, nid ənd juzd ˈəðər əˈnɔrθəˌdɑks straɪks. ðə ˈraɪtərz ˈnɛvər ˈkrɛdɪt ˈɛni wən, spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈfaɪtɪŋ staɪl fər ðiz əˈtæks, bət ˈmɛni əv ðɛm bɛr ə ˈstraɪkɪŋ rɪˈzɛmbləns tɪ tɛkˈniks frəm ənd də ru. kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ˈɪrə ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈstɔriz wər ərˈɪʤənəli ˈrɪtən, ɪt ˈɪzənt hɑrd tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən bɑb keɪn, bɪl ˈfɪŋgər, ər əˈnəðər ˈraɪtər ər ˈɑrtɪst ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈsɪriz, ˈhævɪŋ bɪn fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ɪn səm weɪ, ˈiðər ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ ɪt ɪn ˈpərsən, θru fɪlm, ər baɪ weɪ əv ˈrɛdɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪt ɪn ə bʊk ər ən ˈɑrtɪkəl. ɪt wʊd hæv meɪd sɛns fər ˈsəmˌwən laɪk ˈbætˌmæn tɪ hæv treɪnd ɪn. nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪz ɪt ə ˈdɪsəplən wɪʧ wʊd hæv bɪn ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈizi fər ɪm tɪ ˈstədi (ˈmɪrli ˈtrævəlɪŋ tɪ ˈpɛrɪs), kəmˈpɛrd tɪ (ðɛn) lɛs ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ˈkɪkɪŋ ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts; bət ˈɔlsoʊ, ˈmɛni ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns ˈɛkspərts, səʧ ɛz ˈɛdwərd ˈwɪljəm barton-wright*, éémile-andré*é, ʤin ˈʤoʊzəf rɪˈnoʊ, ˈwɪljəm i. fairbarn*, ənd ˈɛrɪk ə. saɪks, ɔl dru ˈhɛvəli frəm ðɪs frɛnʧ ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrt fər ðɛr oʊn ˈsɪstəmz. ˈsɪstəmz ðət ʃɛr ˈmɛni əv ðə seɪm ˈfiʧərz ɛz. ˈmɑrʃəl ˈɑrtɪsts frəm ðə pæst ər nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli wənz hu hæv əbˈzərvd ðə ædˈvæntɪʤɪz əv noʊɪŋ. ˈɛkspərt, ˈfreɪzər kəˈfin, ˈɔfərd hɪz oʊn ˈɪnˌsaɪts ɔn haʊ, ə ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrt ˈrutɪd ɪn strit ˈfaɪtɪŋ, kʊd pruv kwaɪt ˈjusfəl tɪ ə ˌvɪʤəˈlænti səʧ ɛz ˈbætˌmæn: ɪz ən ˈɛksələnt ʧɔɪs fər ˈbætˌmæn fər ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈrizənz: tɪ stɑrt, ɪz wən əv ðə fju ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts ðət ɪz kənˈtɛstəd praɪˈmɛrəli waɪl ˈwɛrɪŋ ʃuz. ɪn, ju straɪk wɪθ ðə ʃu, nɑt wɪθ ðə ʃɪn, ɛz ɪn ˈəðər ɑrts. "ˈɑbviəsli, ˈbætˌmæn nidz tɪ kip hɪz buts ɔn ˈdʊrɪŋ ə faɪt, soʊ ˈjuzɪŋ wʊd bi ən ˈɛksələnt ʧɔɪs fər ɪm. ðɪs wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊ ɪm tɪ pæd hɪz buts, ˈmeɪkɪŋ hɪz kɪks mɔr ˈifɛktɪv. ðə ˈlætərəl haɪ kɪk wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli moʊst juzd kɪk." ɛz ə hoʊl, ɪts ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈvɛri staɪl, ˈjuzɪŋ ə lɔt əv ˈmuvmənt tɪ əˈvɔɪd ʃɑts waɪl ˈkəmɪŋ bæk wɪθ jʊr oʊn kɪks. ɛz ˈmɪstər. kəˈfin ɪkˈspleɪnd, fɪts ˈpərfəktli ˈɪntu fəˈlɑsəfi əv "ˈhɪtɪŋ, bət nɑt biɪŋ hɪt" ˈfaɪtɪŋ staɪl. ɛz ˈbætˌmæn ˈtɛndɪd tɪ feɪs ə ˈnəmbər əv foʊz æt wəns, ðɪs kaɪnd əv dɪˈfɛns wɑz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈivɪn smɔl bloʊz wɪl əˈkjumjəˌleɪt wɪn ˈlændɪd wɪθ tu məʧ ˈfrikwənsi, soʊ ə staɪl laɪk taɪ ðət ˈʤɛnərəli teɪks mɔr bloʊz ðən wʊd bi ˌdɛtrəˈmɛnəl tɪ ˈbætˌmæn ɪn ə lɑrʤ skeɪl ˈmeɪˌleɪ. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊz fər ˈbætˌmæn tɪ teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv hɪz ˈfʊtˌwɛr, ɛz wi si hir ɪn ðɪs ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən dɪˈpɪktɪŋ ə kɪk biɪŋ θroʊn wɪʧ bɛrz ə strɔŋ rɪˈzɛmbləns tɪ ə "haɪ ˈbɑdi" frəm, ˈlændɪŋ wɪθ hɪz ˈbutɪd hil: əˈnəðər kɪk wɪʧ bɛrz ə ˈstraɪkɪŋ rɪˈzɛmbləns tɪ wən juzd ɪn ɪz ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd baɪ ˈrɑbɪn, hu ˈjuzɪz ðə tɪp əv hɪz ʃu tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ə "bɛlt kɪk", waɪl ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli θroʊɪŋ ə foʊ: naʊ kəmˈpɛr ˈrɑbɪnz kɪk wɪθ ðɪs ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən ˈteɪkən frəm ðɪs 1896 ˈɑrtɪkəl, "ˈfaɪtɪŋ wɪθ fɔr fɪsts", ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈridərz əv ˈmægəˌzin: əv kɔrs, ðə oʊld, ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns ˈæˌspɛkt əv də ru ˈdɪdənt ˈfoʊkɪs ˈsoʊəli ɔn ðə ʃu, nɔr ðə but. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ tɔt wən tɪ juz ðə niz ənd ˈɛlˌboʊz. hir, wi hæv ˈsaɪdˌkɪk, ˈrɑbɪn, θroʊɪŋ ə ni ˈlʊkɪŋ səˈspɪʃəsli laɪk wən əv ðoʊz ʃoʊn ɪn ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns ˈmænjuəlz: ðə mɪkst ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts əv ˈbætˌmæn baɪ naʊ ˈfaɪtɪŋ staɪl ʃʊd stɑrt ˈsaʊndɪŋ ənd ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈvɛri fəˈmɪljər tɪ ðə ˈsævi ˈridər. ɪn ˈməltəpəl ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts; ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈgræpəl ər straɪk (bi ɪt wɪθ ə pənʧ, kɪk ər niz); ə ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðə ˈdɪfərənt ˈreɪnʤɪz ənd ˈfeɪzɪz əv ˈkɑmbæt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈstænˌdəp, graʊnd, ənd klɪnʧ; ənd ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈsimləsli trænˈzɪʃən frəm wən feɪz tɪ əˈnəðər. frəm ðiz dɪˈskrɪpʃənz, ˈbætˌmæn saʊnz laɪk ðə ˌproʊtoʊˈtɪpɪkəl ˈmɑdərn ˈfaɪtər, ˈivɪn ðoʊ hi ˈdeɪbjutɪd ˈoʊvər faɪv ˈdɛkeɪdz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə fərst əˈpɪrd ɔn ðə sin (ənd wən jɪr ˌbiˈfɔr brus li, ðə "ˈfɑðər əv" wɑz ˈivɪn bɔrn). pərˈhæps ˈivɪn mɔr ənˈkæni, ɪz ðət ˈbætˌmæn ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪz ˈmɛni ˈtæktɪks ənd məˈnuvərz ðət ər soʊ wɪθ ðə ˈmɑdərn spɔrt əv. wən səʧ ˈtæktɪk ɪz graʊnd ənd paʊnd, wɪʧ hi ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ˈmɛni jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr mɑrk ˈkoʊlmən ər mɑrk kər fərst ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪt tɪ ənd praɪd. ɛz wi ˈmɛnʃənd əˈbəv, ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli ˈbætˌmæn wɪl teɪk ə foʊ tɪ ðə graʊnd (ˈprɛfərəbli wɪθ ə ˈdəbəl lɛg), ənd wɪn hi dɪz, hi wɪl ˈɔfən gɪt ə haɪ maʊnt, ðɛn ˈpɑsʧər əp ˌbiˈfɔr prəˈsidɪŋ tɪ reɪn daʊn bloʊz. ˈrizənz fər ˈjuzɪŋ graʊnd ənd paʊnd ɪn ə faɪt ər moʊst ˈlaɪkli du tɪ ɪm ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ədˈvaɪs səʧ ɛz frəm əˈbəv. ənˈlaɪk səbˈmɪʃən hoʊldz ənd lɑks, graʊnd ˈstraɪkɪŋ meɪks ɪt ˈiziər fər ˈbætˌmæn tɪ dɪsɪnˈgeɪʤ frəm hɪz əˈpoʊnənt ənd gɪt əp ɔf ðə graʊnd ɪf mɔr əˈtækərz əˈpɪr, soʊ ɛz nɑt tɪ liv hɪmˈsɛlf ˈvəlnərəbəl. ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ əˈsaɪd əˈbaʊt graʊnd ənd paʊnd tɛkˈnik ɪz haʊ hi ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈjuzɪz ə lɛg tɪ pɪn wən əv hɪz əˈpoʊnənts ɑrmz, ˈlivɪŋ ðɛm əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈprɑpərli dɪˈfɛnd ðɛmˈsɛlvz frəm hɪz ˈɔnsˌlɔt. ɪn ðə rɛr taɪmz wɪn ˈbætˌmæn ər ˈrɑbɪn faɪndz hɪmˈsɛlf ɔn hɪz bæk, ðeɪ wɪl boʊθ juz əˈnəðər fəˈmɪljər muv frəm tɪ dɪˈfɛnd hɪmˈsɛlf ðə upkick*. nɑt ˈoʊnli wɑz ˈbætˌmæn əˈhɛd əv ˈfaɪtərz ɪn tɛkˈniks, bət hi wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈhɛd əv ðɛm ɪn ˈtreɪnɪŋ ənd kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ. sɪns ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ, ˈbætˌmæn həz bɪn ən ˈædvəˌkeɪt əv ʤɪmˈnæstɪks, ɪn fækt ˈtreɪnɪŋ dɪk ˈgreɪsən ɪn ˌækrəˈbætɪks ənd ʤɪmˈnæstɪks ˈivɪn ˌbiˈfɔr hi ʃoʊd ɪm ˈbɑksɪŋ ər (ˌɔlˈðoʊ, hi ədˈmɪtəd ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈsərkəs pərˈfɔrmər kʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli ʃoʊ ɪm ə trɪk ər tu). ˈmɑdərn ˈfaɪtərz laɪk ˈʤɔrʤɪz ər ˈoʊnli naʊ ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ treɪn ɪn ʤɪmˈnæstɪks. ˈʤɔrʤɪz (gsp*) dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ˈʤɪmnæsts: "ðə ˈʤɪmnæsts ər ðə bɛst ˈæθˌlits ɪn ðə wərld, soʊ wɪn ju du ʤɪmˈnæstɪks, ɪt meɪks ju mɔr æθˈlɛtɪk. ənd jʊr ˈeɪbəl tɪ rɪˈpit ˈɛvəri ˈmuvmənt əv ˈɛvəri spɔrt." naʊ kəmˈpɛr ðət tɪ ðɪs dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv "ˈʤɪmnəst ˈbætˌmæn" (frəm dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈkɑmɪks 27 hu "treɪnz hɪz ˈbɑdi tɪ ˈfɪzɪkəl pərˈfɛkʃən ənˈtɪl hi ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ pərˈfɔrm əˈmeɪzɪŋ æθˈlɛtɪk fits." pərˈhæps ˈʤɔrʤɪz ənd hɪz ˈtreɪnərz wʊd hæv noʊn əˈbaʊt ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ʤɪmˈnæstɪks ˈərliər, ɪf ˈoʊnli ðeɪ hæd noʊn tɪ rɛd oʊld ˈbætˌmæn ˈkɑmɪks? bət wət əˈbaʊt kərˈɑti? kəŋ fu? ninjitsu*? ˈwʊdənt ˈbætˌmæn nid tɪ bi ə ˈmæstər əv ðiz ɑrts ɛz wɛl? nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli. fərst ɔf, frəm ə ˈpræktɪkəl pɔɪnt əv vju, wi hæv tɪ æsk ɑrˈsɛlvz wʊd ðə kriˈeɪtərz əv ˈbætˌmæn bi əˈwɛr əv ðiz ˈistərn ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts? fər moʊst əv ðɛm, noʊ. pərˈhæps keɪn ənd ˈfɪŋgərz hæd hərd əˈbaʊt "ʧaɪˈniz ˈbɑksɪŋ", bət ðət wʊd ˈlaɪkli bi əˈbaʊt ɪt. ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ wər əˈwɛr əv ðɛm, aɪ daʊt ðeɪ wʊd hæv ˈɑptɪd tɪ hæv ˈbætˌmæn treɪn ɪn ðɛm fər ðə ˈsɪmpəl fækt nɑt ˈoʊnli wər ðeɪ nɑt wɛl noʊn æt ðə taɪm, bət ðə ˈdɪsəplənz ðeɪ hæd ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ˈgɪvɪn ɪm hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈpruvən ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈifɛktɪv tɪ ə nu ˈjɔrkər, ˈsərkə 1939 wi ˈɔlsoʊ hæv tɪ kənˈsɪdər, frəm ə ˈstɔriˌtɛlɪŋ pɔɪnt əv vju, ɪf ðə ˈbætˌmæn dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɪk bʊks wʊd ˈivɪn hæv hæd taɪm tɪ ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli treɪn ɪn ðiz ˈəðər staɪlz, əˈspɛʃəli ɪf hi wɑz ɔˈrɛdi dɪˈvoʊtɪŋ soʊ məʧ taɪm ənd ˈɛnərʤi tɪ ˈmæstərɪŋ ðə wənz wi hæv ˈpriviəsli ˈlɪstɪd. ɪt simz ˈhaɪli ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt fər ɪm tɪ ˈbɑðər tɪ du soʊ. dɪz ðət min ˈbætˌmæn wʊd noʊ ˈnəθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə "ˌɔriˈɛnəl" ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts ˈəðər ðən? noʊ, ʤɪst ðət hi ˈwʊdənt bi ə ˈmæstər əv ðɛm ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli wʊd ˈnɛvər hæv ˌkɑmprɪˈhɛnsɪvli ˈstədid ðɛm ˈiðər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, laɪk brus li ər ˈmɛni əv ɑr ˈmɑdərn ˈfaɪtərz, ˈbætˌmæn kʊd ˈizəli hæv ˈædɪd ə spɪˈsɪfɪk məˈnuvər ər tɛkˈnik tɪ hɪz ˈɑrsənəl, sɪns hi ɔˈrɛdi həz ə strɔŋ faʊnˈdeɪʃən ɪn ˈstraɪkɪŋ ənd ˈgræpəlɪŋ, ɛz wɛl ɛz biɪŋ ə sʊˈpərb ˈæθˌlit. ʤɪst ɛz ˈændərsən ˈsɪlvə ˈædɪd ən ˈɛlˌboʊ frəm boran*, ʤɑn ʤoʊnz ðə ʧæs frəm, krɪs ˈwaɪdmən ˈmɪksɪŋ ən ˈɛlˌboʊ ˈpɑsəbli dɪˈvɛləpt baɪ kərˈɑti ˈɪntu hɪz ˈbɑksɪŋ, ənd ˈivɪn ˈrɛsələr ˈsɑnən traɪɪŋ ðə ˈspɪnɪŋ (ðət læst wən, ˈprɑbəˌbli ə bæd ɪgˈzæmpəl), ɪt wʊd bi ˈvɛri ˈizi tɪ si ˈbætˌmæn ˈædɪŋ straɪks ər lɑks frəm kərˈɑti, kəŋ fu, ənd ˈəðər ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts tɪ hɪz bæg əv trɪks ɛz wɛl: wɪʧ brɪŋz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ðə moʊst ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ pɔɪnt əˈbaʊt ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈkɛrɪktər bɑb keɪn ənd bɪl ˈfɪŋgər ˈkræftɪd fər ˈjuˈɛs ɔl ðoʊz jɪrz əˈgoʊ ɪn ˈmɛni weɪz, hi wɑz ðə moʊst ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ˈvərʒən əv ˈbætˌmæn (wɛl, fər ə gaɪ ˈfaɪtɪŋ kraɪm drɛst ɛz ə bæt wɪθ ə keɪp). jɛs, hɪz ædˈvɛnʧərz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈgoʊldən eɪʤ ˈpɪriəd sim kweɪnt ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈsɪli kəmˈpɛrd tɪ hɪz mɔr məˈʧʊr ˈmɑdərn ædˈvɛnʧərz, bət ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ hi ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ɪn ðoʊz ˈərli ˈpeɪʤɪz, ɪn laɪt əv wət wi hæv ˈlərnɪd frəm ðə pæst tu ˈdɛkeɪdz əv mɪkst ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts, ɪz məʧ ˈkloʊzər tɪ wət wi naʊ noʊ tɪ bi ˈifɛktɪv ˈkɑmbæt, ðən wət həz bɪn ʃoʊn ɪn ˈleɪtər ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃənz. ɪn ðɪs rɪˈgɑrd, nɑt ˈoʊnli həz ˈbætˌmæn ðə ˈkɛrɪktər sərˈvaɪvd ðə tɛst əv taɪm, bət ðə ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts juzd baɪ ɪm ɪn ðoʊz ˈgoʊldən eɪʤ ˈstɔriz hæv ˈpruvən ˈivɪn mɔr ˈifɛktɪv ɪn ðə ˈdɛkeɪdz əˈkərɪŋ sɪns ðɛn. ðɪs kənˈkluʒən tɪ ə ˈbætˌmæn ˈsɪriz, baɪ ɑr gɛst ˈkɑləmnəst ʤɑn ɛs. næʃ, baɪ ˈtɑməs næʃ, həz bɪn tɪ təˈdeɪ (noʊv. 01 2012 ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈdɛlvɪŋ ˈɪntu pæst fər sits, ʤɑn næʃ həz ˈrɛgjələrli ˈkrɑnɪkəld ðə fərˈgɑtən ˈhɪstəri əv mɪkst ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts æt ɑr ˈfɛloʊ blɔg: bloodyelbow.com*, wɛr ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpoʊstɪd bæk ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 27 2012 sits ɪz praʊd tɪ ˈprɛzənt ə əv hɪz ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈɑrˌkaɪvz ɪn ðɪs ɪkˈsklusɪv gɛst ˈkɑləm fər jʊr ˌɛnˈʤɔɪmənt. tɪ rɛd mɔr ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ ˈɑrtɪkəlz frəm ˈmɪstər. næʃ, ˈsɪmpli ˈbʊkmɑrk ðɪs lɪŋk ənd rɪˈmɛmbər tɪ ʧɛk bæk ˈfrikwɛntli fər nu ˈkɑntɛnt. ˈbætˌmæn kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ bɑb keɪn (ənd ən bɪl ˈfɪŋgər). ˈrɑbɪn kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ bɑb keɪn, bɪl ˈfɪŋgər ənd ən ˈʤɛri ˈrɑbənsən. ˈɔθərz ˈspɛʃəl θæŋks tɪ: bɛn thapa*, grænt, ənd ˈfreɪzər kəˈfin fər ðɛr ˈvæljəbəl ˈɪnˌpʊt. ˈɪmɪʤɪz:
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in honor of the release of the dark knight rises, [†] we have been exploring the hand-to-hand fighting skills of batman, mostly as revealed in the works of his creators and early storytellers, bob kane and bill finger. so far, we have covered his two primary disciplines, boxing (part 1) and jiu-jitsu (part 2), now we will be summing up our three-part series by looking at the other varied martial arts used by the caped crusader in his golden age stories. ______________________________________________________________
the wrestling of batman while we have shown that jiu-jitsu is batman's predominate grappling style, it isn't the only one to be revealed as part of his repertoire. in batman #11, "bandits in toyland", the dynamic duo is not only shown on the mat running through "wrestling drills", but batman himself is referred to as a "master coach". evidence of this mastery appears several times during his adventures, including the image below which depicts batman rendering a giant cat (don't ask) unconscious through the use of a full nelson. one can also see he is aware enough to put his "hooks in" via way of a double grapevine on the feline's legs, a popular tactic from catch-as-catch-can wrestling, and very similar to the half-nelson and grapevine combination demonstrated by frank gotch in his 1908 book, wrestling and how to train: batman reveals himself to be something of a "leg wrestler" (a wrestler who can use his legs as another set of arms) when he uses another grapevine to take down an armed criminal, while he remains standing. this feat is made all the more impressive by the fact he does so without the aid of his arms, which have been bound. in fact, batman (and robin) are skilled enough to be able to not only jump into the ring and face a pair of professional wrestlers in detective comics #73 (march, 1943) but to also quickly defeat them. of course, the two wrestlers could very well just be "workers" and not true "shooters", but for batman and robin to easily handle such large men in an era when actual grappling skills was not uncommon, suggests a level of skill well beyond adequate. despite his obvious proficiency at it, batman is not shown using his wrestling skills nearly as much as his other combat skills. the reason for this probably lies with his overriding priority to keep the fight standing. due to his excellent wrestling skills, he can likely keep the fight off the ground in the first place. many mma matches have demonstrated the superior wrestler is the one who dictates where the fight takes place - in batman's case, he prefers staying on his feet. in this regard, his philosophy on fighting resembles william ewart fairbarn, who wrote, when describing the lack of groundfighting in his 1942 hand-to-hand combat manual: "... no holds or locks on the ground are demonstrated. the reason for this is: a) this is war: your object is to kill or dispose of your opponent as quickly as possible ... b) once on the ground, you are more vulnerable to attack... therefore, it is obvious you should concentrate on remaining on your feet." however, this does not mean to imply batman never takes the fight to the ground. in situations where he is facing a single opponent and has no fear of another combatant entering the fray, batman has shown a propensity to take his foe down to where he can control and dispatch them in brutal fashion. when he wishes to do this, he will usually shoot on them, employing a double leg takedown. of course, he might have picked up this skill not in wrestling but in football, as wrestling coach todd vennis stated, "a [wrestling] takedown is nothing more than a football tackle." robin has also been shown to be quite adept in these takedowns/tackles, seeming to suggest these skills arise from their training in wrestling and not american football. ______________________________________________________________ the fencing of batman surprisingly, one of the few martial arts outside of boxing, jiu-jitsu, and wrestling, in which we actually see batman and robin training, is fencing. while it may seem ludicrous that a modern (well, 1940s modern) crime-fighter would need to know how to use a foil or sabre, in gotham city it proves to be a rather useful talent. the golden age batman seems to find himself in a duel every couple of months against modern day pirates, gentlemen thieves, or villains like the cavalier of crime or the penguin. while batman may not be a master swordsman, he is competent enough to hold his own against most foes in a clash of blades. but even if he weren't facing so many sword-wielding criminals, would fencing offer any true benefits to an urban vigilante? bruce wayne himself thinks so, telling robin, "fencing teaches you quickness and movement". sbnation's own tp grant, a fencer himself, further informs us how fencing aides batman in facing off against armed opponents: "weapon combat is very different from unarmed combat, so getting a feel for that distance is important. precise footwork and manipulation of said distance is also a fundamental element of that sport. "a fencer develops a sense of timing for when to close or open distance, and an explosive burst with which to do it. good compliment to any striking training, as it helps develop good, straight punches. "and for any weapon defense training it teaches the ability to move quickly away from wild slashes with a knife or swings of a club and then leap in to grab in between swings." that someone like batman, (a man whom would want to make it a priority to never be struck because of the potential fatal consequences, while also always exploiting an opening to deliver his own coup de grace) would opt to study a sport that stresses such important principles, should come as no surprise. when facing off against criminals armed with knives or cudgels, let alone swords, batman would find the skills developed in fencing to be very beneficial in his line of work.
batman wasn't alone in this thinking, for another bruce, this one with the last name lee, also saw the advantages of certain fencing techniques, having learned about them through his fencing brother, peter. bruce lee appears to have incorporated many concepts from the sport into his own martial art philosophy/style of jeet kune do, including the stance and the principle of the "stop-thrust", which lee calls "stop-kick." fencing also stressed efficiency, as well as control over distance, timing and rhythm, all things that both bruces would find useful in a fight. the foil, epee and sabre were not the only weapons with which bruce wayne and his ward studied. a passing comment to dick grayson (also in batman #4) states, "in our business, it helps to know the use of all weapons." this alludes to the fact batman and robin have apparently familiarized themselves with many other hand-held or even thrown weapons. while we can only guess which ones, it would be safe to assume weapons including knife, stick, cane, quarterstaff, baton, and cudgel would all be on the list; as well as, of course, thrown weapons -- such as the boomerang. ______________________________________________________________ la savate du chevalier noir
while batman mostly uses his fists, in this series we have proven that on occasion he also kicked, kneed and used other unorthodox strikes. the writers never credit any one, specific fighting style for these attacks, but many of them bear a striking resemblance to techniques from boxe française and savate de rue.
considering the era in which the stories were originally written, it isn't hard to imagine bob kane, bill finger, or another writer or artist working on the series, having been familiar with savate in some way, either exposed to it in person, through film, or by way of reading about it in a book or an article.
it would have made sense for someone like batman to have trained in savate. not only is it a discipline which would have been relatively easy for him to study (merely traveling to paris), compared to (then) less well-known kicking martial arts; but also, many self-defense experts, such as edward william barton-wright, émile-andré, jean joseph renaud, william e. fairbarn, and eric a. sykes, all drew heavily from this french martial art for their own systems.
systems that share many of the same street-fighting features as batman's.
martial artists from the past are not the only ones who have observed the advantages of knowing savate. bloodyelbow.com's kickboxing expert, fraser coffeen, offered his own insights on how savate, a martial art rooted in street fighting, could prove quite useful to a vigilante such as batman:
"savate is an excellent choice for batman for a number of reasons: to start, savate is one of the few kicking-based martial arts that is contested primarily while wearing shoes. in savate, you strike with the shoe, not with the shin, as in other arts. "obviously, batman needs to keep his boots on during a fight, so using savate would be an excellent choice for him. this would also allow him to pad his boots, making his kicks more effective. the savate chasse-croise lateral high kick was probably batman's most used kick."
as a whole, it's also a very defensive-based style, using a lot of movement to avoid shots while coming back with your own kicks. as mr. coffeen explained, savate fits perfectly into batman's philosophy of "hitting, but not being hit" fighting style.
as batman tended to face a number of foes at once, this kind of defense was important - even small blows will accumulate when landed with too much frequency, so a style like muay thai that generally takes more blows than savate would be detrimental to batman in a large scale melee.
it also allows for batman to take advantage of his footwear, as we see here in this savate illustration depicting a kick being thrown which bears a strong resemblance to a "high body" cou-de-pied from boxe française, landing with his booted heel:
another kick which bears a striking resemblance to one used in savate is demonstrated by robin, who uses the tip of his shoe to deliver a "belt kick", while simultaneously throwing a foe:
now compare robin's kick with this illustration taken from this 1896 article, "fighting with four fists", introducing savate to the american readers of mcclure's magazine:
of course, the old street-fighting, self-defense aspect of savate du rue didn't focus solely on the shoe, nor the boot. it also taught one to use the knees and elbows.
here, we have batman's sidekick, robin, throwing a knee looking suspiciously like one of those shown in savate self-defense manuals:
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the mixed martial arts
of
batman
by now batman's fighting style should start sounding and looking very familiar to the mma savvy reader. cross-training in multiple martial arts; the ability to grapple or strike (be it with a punch, kick or knees); a knowledge of the different ranges and phases of combat, including standup, ground, and clinch; and the ability to seamlessly transition from one phase to another.
from these descriptions, batman sounds like the prototypical modern mma fighter, even though he debuted over five decades before the ufc first appeared on the scene (and one year before bruce lee, the "father of mma" was even born). perhaps even more uncanny, is that batman utilizes many tactics and maneuvers that are so well-identified with the modern sport of mma.
one such tactic is ground and pound, which he demonstrated many years before mark coleman or mark kerr first introduced it to ufc and pride.
as we mentioned above, occasionally batman will take a foe to the ground (preferably with a double leg takedown), and when he does, he will often get a high mount, then posture up before proceeding to rain down blows. batman's reasons for using ground and pound in a fight are most likely due to him following advice such as fairbarn's from above. unlike submission holds and locks, ground striking makes it easier for batman to disengage from his opponent and get up off the ground if more attackers appear, so as not to leave himself vulnerable.
an interesting aside about batman's ground and pound technique is how he actually uses a leg to pin one of his opponents arms, leaving them unable to properly defend themselves from his onslaught.
in the rare times when batman or robin finds himself on his back, they will both use another familiar move from mma to defend himself - the upkick.
not only was batman ahead of mma fighters in techniques, but he was also ahead of them in training and conditioning.
since the beginning, batman has been an advocate of gymnastics, in fact training dick grayson in acrobatics and gymnastics even before he showed him boxing or jiu-jitsu (although, he admitted the former circus performer could probably show him a trick or two). modern mma fighters like georges st-pierre are only now starting to train in gymnastics.
georges st-pierre (gsp) describing gymnasts:
"the gymnasts are the best athletes in the world, so when you do gymnastics, it makes you more athletic. and you're able to repeat every movement of every sport."
now compare that to this description of "gymnast batman" (from detective comics #27) who "trains his body to physical perfection until he is able to perform amazing athletic feats." perhaps georges and his trainers would have known about the benefits of cross-training gymnastics earlier, if only they had known to read old batman comics?
but what about karate? kung fu? ninjitsu? wouldn't batman need to be a master of these arts as well? not necessarily.
first off, from a practical point of view, we have to ask ourselves would the creators of batman be aware of these eastern martial arts? for most of them, no. perhaps kane and fingers had heard about "chinese boxing", but that would likely be about it.
even if they were aware of them, i doubt they would have opted to have batman train in them for the simple fact not only were they not well known at the time, but the disciplines they had initially given him had already proven themselves effective to a new yorker, circa 1939.
we also have to consider, from a storytelling point of view, if the batman described in the comic books would even have had time to extensively train in these other styles, especially if he was already devoting so much time and energy to mastering the ones we have previously listed. it seems highly inefficient for him to bother to do so.
does that mean batman would know nothing about the "oriental" martial arts other than jiu-jitsu? no, just that he wouldn't be a master of them and probably would never have comprehensively studied them either.
however, like bruce lee or many of our modern mma fighters, batman could easily have added a specific maneuver or technique to his arsenal, since he already has a strong foundation in striking and grappling, as well as being a superb athlete.
just as anderson silva added an elbow from muay boran, jon jones the chasse italien from savate, chris weidman mixing an elbow possibly developed by karate into his boxing, and even wrestler chael sonnen trying the spinning backfist (that last one, probably a bad example), it would be very easy to see batman adding strikes or locks from karate, kung fu, aikido and other martial arts to his bag of tricks as well:
which brings us to the most interesting point about the original version of the character bob kane and bill finger crafted for us all those years ago -- in many ways, he was the most realistic version of batman (well, for a guy fighting crime dressed as a bat with a cape).
yes, his adventures during the golden age period seem quaint and sometimes silly compared to his more mature modern adventures, but the fighting he demonstrated in those early pages, in light of what we have learned from the past two decades of mixed martial arts, is much closer to what we now know to be effective hand-to-hand combat, than what has been shown in later interpretations.
in this regard, not only has batman the character survived the test of time, but the martial arts used by him in those golden age stories have proven even more effective in the decades occurring since then.
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† -- this conclusion to a three-part batman series, by our guest columnist john s. nash, co-authored by thomas nash, has been cross-posted to cagesideseats.com today (nov. 01, 2012). in addition to delving into wrestling's past for cageside seats, john nash has regularly chronicled the forgotten history of mixed martial arts at our fellow sbnation blog: bloodyelbow.com, where this article was also posted back on july 27, 2012. cageside seats is proud to present a cross-posting of his article archives in this exclusive guest column for your enjoyment. to read more fascinating articles from mr. nash, simply bookmark this link and remember to check back frequently for new content.
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batman created by bob kane (and an uncredited bill finger). robin created by bob kane, bill finger and an uncredited jerry robinson. author's special thanks to: ben thapa, tp grant, and fraser coffeen for their valuable input.
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ə saʊθ ˈflɔrɪdə mæn wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ˈæftər pəˈlis seɪ hi kɪld hɪz ˈruˌmeɪt wɪθ ə ˈliθəl ˈmɪlkˌʃeɪk læst wik. ˈɪndiən ˈrɪvər ˈkaʊnti ˈdɛpjətiz ərˈɛstɪd ˈtɪməθi ˈgɑʃɪnʊr, 41 ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈæftər ðeɪ dɪˈskəvərd ðə ˈbɑdi əv hɪz ˈruˌmeɪt, ˈmaɪkəl greɪ, ɪn ə ˈbɛˌdrum əv ðɛr ʃɛrd ˈvɛroʊ biʧ, fla*., hoʊm. dɪˈtɛktɪvz toʊld ðət greɪ, 51 hæd daɪd ˈæftər ˌɪnˈʤɛstɪŋ ə ˈmɪlkˌʃeɪk leɪst wɪθ ə ˈtɑksɪk əˈmaʊnt əv prəˈskrɪpʃən drəgz. ˈdɛpjətiz əraɪvd æt ðə hoʊm ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ tɪ ʧɛk ɔn greɪ, 51 ˈæftər hɪz waɪf, hu wɑz aʊt əv taʊn, toʊld pəˈlis ʃi hæd nɑt hərd frəm hər ˈhəzbənd ɪn ˈsɛvərəl deɪz. wɪn ˈɔfɪsərz əraɪvd, ˈgɑʃɪnʊr laɪd ənd toʊld ðɛm ðət greɪ wɑz æt ə bɑr. ðɛn, pəˈlis sɛd ˈgɑʃɪnʊr ˈblərtɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət meɪd ðɛm ˈvɛri səˈspɪʃəs. ˈdɛpjətiz] æst ɪf ðeɪ kʊd teɪk ə lʊk inside,”*,” ˈʃɛrɪf lɔr toʊld. meɪd ə spɑnˈteɪniəs ˈsteɪtmənt ðət sɛd, 'wɛl, ɪf ju kəm ɪn ju maɪt ɛz wɛl ərˈɛst me.'”*.'” ˈdɛpjətiz ʧɛkt ðə hoʊm ənd dɪˈskəvərd greɪz ˈbɑdi ræpt ɪn ˈblæŋkəts ɪn ə ˈbɛˌdrum. wɪn ˈɪntərvˌjud baɪ pəˈlis, ˈgɑʃɪnʊr sɛd hid ˈgɪvɪn hɪz ˈruˌmeɪt ə ˈmɪlkˌʃeɪk wɪθ ə lɑrʤ kˈwɑntəti əv prəˈskrɪpʃən ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃənz wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən əv ˈkɪlɪŋ ɪm ˈæftər ðə mɛn hæd ən ˈɑrgjəmənt əˈbaʊt rɛnt ənd ˈpraɪvəsi, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsteɪʃən. ðə ˈsəˌspɛkt, hu ɪz ə kənˈvɪktəd ˈfɛlən, wɑz faʊnd ɪn pəˈzɛʃən əv ə ˈfaɪˌrɑrm ənd ərˈɛstɪd ɔn ˈwɛpənz ˈʧɑrʤɪz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsiˌbiˌɛs 12 nuz. ˈhɑməˌsaɪd ˈʧɑrʤɪz ər ˈpɛndɪŋ. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ˈgɑʃɪnʊr həz ə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈhɪstəri ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ˈʧɑrʤɪz fər ˈbərgləri ənd ʧaɪld sɛks əˈbjuz. hi wɑz ˈsɛntənst tɪ θri jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən ənd sɪks jɪrz proʊˈbeɪʃən fər ənˈlɔfəl ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈkɑndəkt wɪθ ə ˈmaɪnər, ənd həz bɪn ɪn ənd aʊt əv ʤeɪl sɪns ðɛn. frɛndz dɪˈskraɪbd ðə ˈvɪktɪm ɛz ə kaɪnd mæn hu hæd hɛlpt lʊk aʊt fər ðə ˈhoʊmləs. ˈkæθrɪn ʧɪn, hum greɪ hæd ˈpriviəsli hɛlpt, toʊld ðət ʃi ˌɪntrəˈdust ˈgɑʃɪnʊr, hu hæd bɪn ˈhoʊmləs, tɪ greɪ wɪθ ðə hoʊp ðət hid bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ tərn hɪz laɪf əraʊnd. ˈrɪli θɔt [ˈgɑʃɪnʊr] wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ, bət hi didn’t*... ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd. aɪ ˈnɛvər θɔt ˈtɪməθi wʊd goʊ ðɪs far,”*,” ʧɪn toʊld ðə ˈsteɪʃən. kɔld ɪm ˈseɪtən ər bamma*. ðeɪ kɔld ɪm ðə ˈdɛvəl. dɛθ. hi wɑz ˈhɛvi ˈɪntu ə lɔt əv ˈhɔrəd, ˈivəl things.”*.”
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a south florida man was arrested after police say he killed his roommate with a lethal milkshake last week.
indian river county deputies arrested timothy gochenour, 41, on friday after they discovered the body of his roommate, michael gray, in a bedroom of their shared vero beach, fla., home. detectives told wptv that gray, 51, had died after ingesting a milkshake laced with a toxic amount of prescription drugs.
deputies arrived at the home friday morning to check on gray, 51, after his wife, who was out of town, told police she had not heard from her husband in several days.
when officers arrived, gochenour lied and told them that gray was at a bar. then, police said gochenour blurted something that made them very suspicious.
“[the deputies] asked if they could take a look inside,” sheriff deryl loar told wpbf. “gochenour made a spontaneous statement that said, 'well, if you come in you might as well arrest me.'”
deputies checked the home and discovered gray's body wrapped in blankets in a bedroom. when interviewed by police, gochenour said he'd given his roommate a milkshake with a large quantity of prescription medications with the intention of killing him after the men had an argument about rent and privacy, according to the station.
the suspect, who is a convicted felon, was found in possession of a firearm and arrested on weapons charges, according to cbs 12 news. homicide charges are pending.
according to wptv, gochenour has a criminal history that includes charges for burglary and child sex abuse. he was sentenced to three years in prison and six years probation for unlawful sexual conduct with a minor, and has been in and out of jail since then.
friends described the victim as a kind man who had helped look out for the homeless. kathryn chinn, whom gray had previously helped, told wpbf that she introduced gochenour, who had been homeless, to gray with the hope that he'd be able to turn his life around.
“i really thought [gochenour] was going to change, but he didn’t... i’m devastated. i never thought timothy would go this far,” chinn told the station. “everyone called him satan or bamma. they called him the devil. death. he was heavy into a lot of horrid, evil things.”
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ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz rən haɪ æt fərst stɑp əv roʊd ʃoʊ ðə fərst əv faɪv ˈpəblɪk ˈmitɪŋz tɪ bi hɛld baɪ ðə ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən tɪ ˈlɪsən tɪ ˈfidˌbæk ɔn ðə prəˈpoʊzd lɑrʤ ˈɛrˌkræft sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈproʊˌgræm wɑz hɛld læst wik ɪn æˈtlæntə. ə ˈkɑnfərəns rum æt ðə ˌrɛnəˈsɑns ˈkɑnˌkɔrs hoʊˈtɛl wɑz pækt tɪ ˈstændɪŋ rum ˈoʊnli wɪθ ˈpaɪləts, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz, ənd ˈəðərz frəm ðə ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən kəmˈjunɪti, juˈnænəməs ɪn ðɛr strɔŋ ˈfilɪŋz əˈgɛnst ðə ɪkˈstɛnʃən əv kəˈmərʃəl ˈɛˌrlaɪn sɪˈkjʊrəti prəˈsiʤərz ənd ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz tɪ ˈʤɛnərəl ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən. ˈnoʊtəbəl əˈtɛnˈdiz ˌɪnˈkludɪd kreɪg, ðə ˌnɔrˈθist ˈriʤənəl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv əv ðə ˈɛrˌkræft ˈoʊnərz ənd ˈpaɪləts əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən (aopa*), ənd ɛd ˈboʊlən, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈbɪznɪs ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən (nbaa*). ˈspoʊksmən ʤɑn ˈælən sɛd səʧ ˈhirɪŋz wɪl pleɪ ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt roʊl ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə dɪˈsɪʒən rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə prəˈpoʊzd rulz. "ɪts ˈfidˌbæk ðət wi ˈvælju, ənd ɪt wɪl bi kənˈsɪdərd ɛz ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs kənˈtɪnjuz," ˈælən toʊld ðə æˈtlæntə ˈʤərnəl ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən. ənd ˈfidˌbæk hi gɑt ˈplɛnti əv ɪt. ɪz kənˈsərnd wɪθ ðə weɪt θˈrɛˌʃoʊld ðət ɪz juzd fər ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ənd prəˈvɪʒənz ɪn ðə rul ðət ˌaʊtˈsɔrs sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt tɪ ə ˈɔdɪtər," sɛd. dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ðə ɛz ˈkərəntli ˈdræftɪd ənd rɪkˈwɛsts ðət ˌrikənˈsɪdər ðə prəˈpoʊzd rulz, ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɔn ˈwɛðər ðɛr ər lɛs ˈkɔstli ənd lɛs ˌɪnˈtrusɪv weɪz əv ɛnˈhænsɪŋ ˈʤɛnərəl ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən sɪˈkjʊrəti." ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈɛkoʊɪŋ mɪsˈgɪvɪŋz, ˈboʊlən səˈʤɛstɪd ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ə ˈrulˌmeɪkɪŋ kəˈmɪti wʊd prəˈvaɪd mˈjuʧuəl ˈbɛnəfɪts. "wi bɪˈliv ðət baɪ ˈwərkɪŋ təˈgɛðər, wi kən ˈhɑrdən ˈbɪznɪs ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən əˈgɛnst əˈtæk wɪˈθaʊt dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ɪt ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. wi dɪˈzərv ə ˈdaɪəlɔg əˈbaʊt haʊ bɛst tɪ du ðɪs," ˈboʊlən sɛd. reɪ bɔɪd, hu oʊnz ə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪn ˈæθənz, sɛd, "dɪz (ðə ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən) hæv ðɛr hɛd ɪn ðə sænd? ðə hoʊl ˈproʊˌgræm nidz tɪ bi skræpt. ɪts ˈɑbviəs dɪz nɑt ˌəndərˈstænd ˈʤɛnərəl ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən." hɪz ˈsɛnəmənts wər ˈɑbviəsli ʃɛrd baɪ ˈmɛni ɪn əˈtɛndəns ənd ərnd ɪm ə ˈstændɪŋ oʊˈveɪʃən. "ðə ˌɪmpəˈzɪʃən əv ðɪs prəˈpoʊzd ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən wɪl, ɪn fækt, rɪˈzəlt ɪn ðə ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts' əˈbʤɛktɪv əv ˈkrɪpəlɪŋ ɑr fri soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd proʊˈfaʊndli ˈɔltərɪŋ ɑr ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk weɪ əv laɪf," ˈpaɪlət klɪf pɔrt sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət ðə nu ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz wʊd kɔst hɪz ˈkəmpəˌni ə jɪr. pæt ɛps, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ɛps ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən æt ˈɛrˌpɔrt, ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ˈhævɪŋ tɪ ʧɛk ˈpæsənʤər neɪmz əˈgɛnst ə lɪst əv ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts wɑz ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri, ənd sɛd, "wi noʊ hu ɑr ˈpæsənʤərz ər. wɪr nɑt ˈlɛtɪŋ ˈstreɪnʤərz ɔn ɑr ˈɛrpleɪnz." ɛps ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld prəˈpoʊzəl "ə juʤ weɪst əv taɪm ənd ˈɛfərt. jʊr taɪm kʊd bi ˈbɛtər spɛnt ˈsəmˌwɛr ɛls."
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emotions run high at first stop of tsa's road show
the first of five public meetings to be held by the transportation security administration to listen to feedback on the proposed large aircraft security program was held last week in atlanta.
a conference room at the renaissance concourse hotel was packed to standing room only with pilots, executives, and others from the aviation community, unanimous in their strong feelings against the extension of commercial airline security procedures and regulations to general aviation.
notable attendees included craig dotlo, the northeast regional representative of the aircraft owners and pilots association (aopa), and ed bolen, president of the national business aviation association (nbaa).
tsa spokesman jon allen said such hearings will play an important role in making a decision regarding the proposed rules. "it's feedback that we value, and it will be considered as the rule-making process continues," allen told the atlanta journal constitution. and feedback he got - plenty of it.
"aopa is concerned with the weight threshold that is used for the basis of the regulations and provisions in the rule that outsource security oversight to a third-party auditor," dotlo said. "aopa does not support the nprm as currently drafted and requests that tsa reconsider the proposed rules, focusing particularly on whether there are less costly and less intrusive ways of enhancing general aviation security."
in addition to echoing dotlo's misgivings, bolen suggested the creation of a rulemaking committee would provide mutual benefits. "we believe that by working together, we can harden business aviation against attack without destroying it in the process. we deserve a dialog about how best to do this," bolen said.
ray boyd, who owns a jet-leasing company in athens, said, "does (the transportation security administration) have their head in the sand? the whole program needs to be scrapped. it's obvious tsa does not understand general aviation." his sentiments were obviously shared by many in attendance and earned him a standing ovation.
"the imposition of this proposed regulation will, in fact, result in the terrorists' objective of crippling our free society and profoundly altering our democratic way of life," pilot clif port said, adding that the new regulations would cost his company $100,000 a year.
pat epps, president of epps aviation at dekalb-peachtree airport, pointed out that having to check passenger names against a list of terrorists was unnecessary, and said, "we know who our passengers are. we're not letting strangers on our airplanes."
epps also called tsa's 260-page proposal "a huge waste of time and effort. your time could be better spent somewhere else."
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heɪ gaɪz! ɪgˈzɪstəd fər ðə læst 5 jɪrz ənd bɪn θru ə lɔt əv greɪt θɪŋz pərˈfɔrmd əraʊnd ðə wərld, ˈʃoʊˌkeɪst ɑr mˈjuzɪk fər ˈɛmˈtiˈvi ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, meɪd greɪt frɛndz, ənd, moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, ˈrɪtən nu mˈjuzɪk ənd kriˈeɪtɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ, wi fil ɪz ˈspɛʃəl. biɪŋ kəmˈplitli ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ɛz wi ər həz ɪts ˈlɪmɪts; ənˈfɔrʧənətli, wi ˈfoʊkɪs ənd dɪˈvaɪd ɑr əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ˈɛvəri ˈæˌspɛkt əv biɪŋ ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt pɑrt əv ðə mˈjuzɪk ˈɪndəstri laɪk ˈreɪzɪŋ fəndz fər prəˈdusɪŋ ðə ˈælbəm, prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ðə riˈlis, ənd ˈbʊkɪŋ ə tʊr. wət wi wɔnt ɪn ðɪs laɪf ɪz tɪ gɪt aʊt ðɛr wɪθ ɑr mˈjuzɪk, ˈtʊrɪŋ, ˈmitɪŋ nu frɛndz, ənd dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ɑr bænd ɪn ɑnˈsɑmbəl wɪθ ju; ðə ˈlɪsənərz, concert-goers*, fænz! laɪk tɪ si ðə ˈoʊʃənz lɪv ɔn fər əˈnəðər ər tu, fər fˈjuʧər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz, ənd waɪ ˈʧoʊzən tɪ səˈpɔrt wwf*. θæŋks ju fər ˈrɛdɪŋ ənd θæŋk ju soʊ məʧ fər ˈplɛʤɪŋ wi weɪt tɪ ʃoʊ ju wət ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn! ləv, ˈtərmənəl
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hey guys!
we’ve existed for the last 5 years and we’ve been through a lot of great things – we’ve performed around the world, showcased our music for mtv in the us, made great friends, and, most importantly, we’ve written new music and created something, we feel is special. being completely independent as we are has its limits; unfortunately, we can’t focus and divide our attention to every aspect of being an independent part of the music industry like raising funds for producing the album, promoting the release, and booking a tour. what we want in this life is to get out there with our music, touring, meeting new friends, and developing our band in ensemble with you; the listeners, concert-goers, fans!
we’d like to see the oceans live on for another millenium or two, for future generations, and that’s why we’ve chosen to support wwf.
thanks you for reading and thank you so much for pledging – we can’t wait to show you what we’re working on!
love,
terminal
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tu ˈsəˌspɛkts hæv bɪn ərˈɛstɪd ˈæftər ˈɔfɪsərz rɪˈkəvərd əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ɪn ˈnæʃvɪl. əˈfɪʃəlz wɪθ ˈmɛˌtroʊ ˈnæʃvɪl pəˈlis sɛd ðeɪ rɪˈsivd ə tɪp əˈbaʊt ə ˈkɑrˌgoʊ bɑks fʊl əv drəgz biɪŋ ʃɪpt tɪ ə nɔrθ ˈnæʃvɪl hoʊm. wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ə pəˈlis ðeɪ faʊnd əv pɑt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ə ˈpɑrsəl, bɑkst ɪt bæk əp ənd ˈfɑloʊd ðə dɪˈlɪvəri tɪ ðə hoʊm. ðə kreɪt hæd bɪn ʃɪpt frəm ˈfinɪks. ðɛr, ðeɪ ərˈɛstɪd ˈɛdwərdz fər ˈfɛləni drəg əˈfɛnsɪz. pəˈlis sɛd ˈɛdwərdz flu ˈɪntu ˈnæʃvɪl ðɪs wik tɪ ˈoʊvərˌsi ðə seɪl əv ðə ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə. hi ˈpoʊstɪd ˈpɪkʧərz ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk frəm hɪz flaɪt tɪ ˈnæʃvɪl ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɛrˌpɔrt. əˈnəðər ˈsəˌspɛkt, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ˈtɛrəns rimz, wɑz ərˈɛstɪd fər əˈlɛʤədli prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ðə hoʊm tɪ breɪk daʊn ðə pɑt fər re-sale*. hi ˈleɪtər ˈbɑndɪd aʊt əv ʤeɪl ɔn pəˈlis sɛd ðə pɑt ɪz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd tɪ bi wərθ æt list
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two suspects have been arrested after officers recovered 140-pounds of marijuana in nashville.
officials with metro nashville police said they received a tip about a cargo box full of drugs being shipped to a north nashville home.
with the help of a police k9, they found 140-pounds of pot inside a parcel, boxed it back up and followed the delivery to the home. the crate had been shipped from phoenix.
there, they arrested tusabi edwards for felony drug offenses. police said edwards flew into nashville this week to oversee the sale of the marijuana.
he posted pictures on facebook from his flight to nashville international airport.
another suspect, identified as terrence reames, was arrested for allegedly providing the home to break down the pot for re-sale. he later bonded out of jail on $200,000.
police said the pot is estimated to be worth at least $600,000.
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ˈmɛmbərz əv loʊər haʊs əv ˈpɑrləmɛnt ðə ˈbəndəˌstæg pæst ðə ˈmoʊʃən wɪθ 434 voʊts fər ðə ˈmɛʒər, 100 əˈgɛnst ənd wɪθ 46 əbˈstɛnʧənz. ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən steɪts ðət meɪl ˈɪnfənts meɪ bi ˈsərkəmˌsaɪzd fər rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈrizənz wɪˈθɪn sɪks mənθs əv ðɛr bərθ baɪ ə "ˈspɛʃəli treɪnd" prækˈtɪʃənər, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɪs ˈpərsən dɪz nɑt hæv tɪ bi ə ˈdɔktər. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, ðə raɪt məst bi ˈkɛrid aʊt "ɪn ə prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈmænər," ðə lɔ steɪts ənd ˈstɪpjəˌleɪts ɪgˈzɛmpʃənz fər ˈɪnfənts hu kʊd bi æt rɪsk frəm ðə ˈpræktɪs səʧ ɛz haemophiliacs*. ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən sɔt tɪ klɪr əp kənfˈjuʒən ˈæftər ə ˈʤəʤmənt ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ʤun baɪ ðə ˈriʤənəl kɔrt ɪn ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈsɪti əv kəˈloʊn. waɪl kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ə keɪs brɔt əˈgɛnst ə ˈdɔktər hu hæd ˈsərkəmˌsaɪzd ə ˈməzlɪm bɔɪ, ðə kɔrt ruld ðə raɪt wɑz ˈtæntəˌmaʊnt tɪ ˈgrivəs ˈbɑdəli hɑrm. ðə dɪˈsɪʒən juˈnaɪtɪd ʤuɪʃ ənd ˈməzlɪm grups ɪn ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ənd kɔzd ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ frəm rɪˈlɪʤəs ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈlidərz ɪn ˈɪzriəl ənd ˈməzlɪm ˈkəntriz. "aɪ æm plizd ənd rɪˈlivd əˈbaʊt ðə dɪˈsɪʒən əv ðə ˈʤərmən ˈpɑrləmɛnt," sɛd ˈditər ˈgrɔmən, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈʤərmən ʤuɪʃ ˈkaʊnsəl. ðə lɔ "ˈfaɪnəli rɪˈstɔrz ˈligəl ˈsərtənti ənd ˈhoʊpfəli ɛndz ðə ˈɔfən ənˈfɔrʧənət dəˈbeɪt ðət tʊk pleɪs ɪn 2012 hi ˈædɪd. ˈʤərmən ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz hæd ˈæktɪd "kˈwɪkli ənd rɪˈspɑnsəbli" ənd ðeɪ dɪˈzərv "preɪz ənd rɪˈspɛkt" fər ðɪs, ˈgrɔmən sɛd. ˈdɪpləˌmæts hæd ədˈmɪtəd ðət ðə ˈrulɪŋ pruvd "dɪˈzæstrəs" fər ˈʤərməniz ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɪmɪʤ, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn laɪt əv ɪts ˈnɑtsi pæst. ˈmərkəl wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ hæv wɔrnd ðət ˈʤərməni rɪskt bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə "ˈlæfɪŋ stɑk" ɪf ɪt bænd ˌsərkəmˈsɪʒən. ˈʤərməni ɪz hoʊm tɪ əˈbaʊt fɔr ˈmɪljən ˈməzlɪmz ənd mɔr ðən ʤuz.
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members of lower house of parliament the bundestag passed the cross-party motion with 434 votes for the measure, 100 against and with 46 abstentions.
the legislation states that male infants may be circumcised for religious reasons within six months of their birth by a "specially trained" practitioner, although this person does not have to be a doctor.
nevertheless, the rite must be carried out "in a professional medical manner," the law states and stipulates exemptions for infants who could be at risk from the practice such as haemophiliacs.
the legislation sought to clear up confusion after a judgement published in june by the regional court in the western city of cologne.
while considering a case brought against a doctor who had circumcised a muslim boy, the court ruled the rite was tantamount to grievous bodily harm. the decision united jewish and muslim groups in opposition and caused outrage from religious and political leaders in israel and muslim countries.
"i am pleased and relieved about the decision of the german parliament," said dieter graumann, president of the german jewish council.
the law "finally restores legal certainty and hopefully ends the often unfortunate debate that took place in 2012," he added. german politicians had acted "quickly and responsibly" and they deserve "praise and respect" for this, graumann said.
diplomats had admitted that the ruling proved "disastrous" for germany's international image, particularly in light of its nazi past.
merkel was reported to have warned that germany risked becoming a "laughing stock" if it banned circumcision.
germany is home to about four million muslims and more than 200,000 jews.
afp/mry
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ˈoʊvər ðə pæst fju jɪrz, ðə ˈdænfərθ mˈjuzɪk hɔl həz ɪˈstæblɪʃt ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz wən əv ðə tɔp ˈvɛnuz ɪn tərˈɑntoʊ əv ɪts saɪz. waɪl ɪts hæd ɪts əps ənd daʊnz ˈoʊvər ðə ˈdɛkeɪdz, ɪt həz ˈlæstɪd θru ˈpɪriədz əv nɪˈglɛkt, tɪ ˈimərʤ ɛz ə lɪv rum wɪθ gʊd saɪt laɪnz. ɪts ˈizi tɪ fərˈgɛt ðət fər ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ɪts ɪgˈzɪstəns, ðə ˈbɪldɪŋz ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈpərpəs hæd ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl tɪ du wɪθ lɪv mˈjuzɪk. wɪn ɪt wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli ɪˈrɛktɪd ɪn 1919 ɪt wɑz kɔld ˈælənz ˈdænfərθ, ənd wɑz pɑrt əv ðə ˈræpədli groʊɪŋ ˈælən ˈmuvi ˈθiətər ʧeɪn. ðə kənˈstrəkʃən əv ðə prɪns ˈɛdwərd ˈvaɪədəkt ə jɪr ˈərliər hæd brɔt wɪθ ɪt ə weɪv əv dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ˈrɪvərˌdeɪl, ənd ðə ˈɛriə wɑz bɪˈkəmɪŋ lɛs əv ə ˈsəbərb ənd mɔr ə pɑrt əv tərˈɑntoʊ. ðə ˈælən ˈbrəðərz sɔ ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti, ənd prəˈmoʊtəd ðə ˈθiətər ɛz "ˈkænədəz fərst ˈpæləs". dɪˈzaɪnd baɪ ˈdiˌtrɔɪt ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər fərm haʊərd kreɪn, ðə ˈbɪldɪŋz ˌɔrnəmɛnˈteɪʃən wɑz mɔr riˈstreɪnd ðən səm lɑrʤ ˈθiətərz əv ðə taɪm, bət ɪt wɑz stɪl məʧ ˈlɑrʤər ənd mɔr ˈəpˌskeɪl ðən ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ˈmuvi ˈhaʊsɪz ɪn ðə ˈɛriə. ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ ˈivɪn ˈoʊpənd, θri sˈmɔlər ˈloʊkəl ˈθiətərz əˈtɛmptəd tɪ pəˈtɪʃən kwinz pɑrk tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ðɛm ə ˈlaɪsəns, aʊt əv fɪr ðət ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən wʊd ruɪn ðɛr ˈbɪznɪsɪz. bət ðə ʧeɪnz səkˈsɛs wɑz ˈrɛlətɪvli ˌʃɔrˈtlɪvd, ənd ɪn 1923 ˈfeɪməs pleɪərz bɪˈgæn baɪɪŋ əp moʊst əv ðɛr ˈθiətərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈdænfərθ. ɪt wɑz noʊn ɛz ðə ˈsɛnʧəri ənˈtɪl ðə ɛnd əv ðə 60s*, wɪn ɪt bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈmuvi ˈpæləs neɪmd ðə təˈtɑnjə ˈθiətər. (liz ˈpæləs ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈəðər ˈfɔrmər ˈælən ˈθiətər stɪl ˈstændɪŋ ɪn tərˈɑntoʊ.) ɪt ˈwəzənt ənˈtɪl ðə leɪt ðət ðə ˈdænfərθ bɪˈkeɪm noʊn fər lɪv mˈjuzɪk. ɪn ðə ˈərli ˈsaɪlənt ˈmuvi deɪz, ðeɪd ˈfiʧərd lɪv vərˈaɪəti ʃoʊz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə fɪlmz, bət mˈjuzɪk wɑz ˈdɛfənətli nɑt ðə meɪn əˈtrækʃən. ˈæftər biɪŋ riˈneɪmd ðə mˈjuzɪk hɔl ɪn 1978 ðə ˈθiətər bɪˈgæn ˈɔfərɪŋ lɪv pərˈfɔrmənsɪz, ɛz wɛl ɛz kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ ʃoʊ fɪlmz. ðɪs sərvd ɪt wɛl, ənd ðət ˈɪrə sɔ ɪt ˈhoʊstɪŋ bɪg neɪmz laɪk ʤeɪmz braʊn, ðə klæʃ, ənd ðə pəˈlis. ɪt hæd bɪˈkəm səʧ ən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən baɪ 1985 ðət ɪt wɑz ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪtɪd ə ˈprɑpərti əv hɪˈstɔrɪk ˈɪntəˌrɛst ˈəndər ðə ɑnˈtɛrioʊ ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ækt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈstɛdəli sˈlaɪdɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ˈsɑri steɪt əv ˌdɪsrɪˈpɛr, ənd ðə rʊf wɑz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈliki. fju wər səˈpraɪzd wɪn ðə hɔl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli kloʊzd ɪn 2004 ˈæftər ə jɪr ənd ə hæf rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈveɪkənt, ˈlɛʒər ˈriˌteɪl ɪŋk. tʊk ˈoʊvər ðə speɪs, ənd ˌəndərˈtʊk æmˈbɪʃəs ˈrɛnəˌveɪʃənz tɪ ðə mˈjuzɪk hɔl. θɪŋz simd laɪk ðeɪ wər ˈlʊkɪŋ əp, bət ɪn 2010 ðə ˈoʊnərz əv ðə ˈprɑpərti ɪˈlɛktrə fɪlmz ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪˈvɪktɪd ðə nu ˈtɛnənts, ɛz ðeɪ hæd ˈfɑlən bɪˈhaɪnd baɪ ɔn rɛnt ˈpeɪmənts. ðɪs ˈoʊpənd ðə dɔrz fər ˌɪmprɪˈsɑriˌoʊ ɪŋk. tɪ teɪk ˈoʊvər; ðeɪ riˈoʊpənd ðə ˈθiətər ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 1st*, 2011 ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər pleɪs əˈpɪrz tɪ hæv meɪd ə bɪg ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl vaɪəˈbɪləti əv ðə hɔl, ənd əˈkustɪk ˈɪʃuz wɪθ ðə speɪs hæv bɪn dɛlt wɪθ. ðə nu ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti əv rɪˈmuvəbəl ˈsitɪŋ həz ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlpt ɪt əˈdæpt tɪ ə ˈwaɪdər vərˈaɪəti əv taɪps əv ˈkɑnsərts, laɪk "səˈpraɪz" 2012 əˈpɪrəns ɛz pɑrt əv hər 777 pərˈmoʊʃənəl tʊr. laɪk moʊst ˈbɪldɪŋz ɪn tərˈɑntoʊ, ðə ˈdænfərθ mˈjuzɪk hɔl həz kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ənd əˈʤəst tɪ ðə taɪmz. fɪlmz maɪt noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi ðə ˈfoʊkɪs, bət ɪt ɪz stɪl ɛz ˈvaɪtəl ə ˈsoʊʃəl ənd ˈkəlʧərəl speɪs ɛz ɪt wɑz wɪn ðə dɔrz fərst ˈoʊpənd kloʊz tɪ ə ˈsɛnʧəri əˈgoʊ. ˈfɑloʊ bɛn boʊlz ɔn tˈwɪtər: ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈkrɛdɪts, frəm tɔp: ˈsaɪlənt tərˈɑntoʊ, tərˈɑntoʊ ˈɑrˌkaɪvz, ˈdɛnɪs mərˈʧɪniæk, ɑleɪˈjɑndroʊ ˌsæntiˈɑgoʊ.
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over the past few years, the danforth music hall has established itself as one of the top venues in toronto of its size. while it's had its ups and downs over the decades, it has lasted through periods of neglect, to emerge as a great-sounding live room with good sight lines. it's easy to forget that for the majority of its existence, the building's primary purpose had very little to do with live music.
when it was originally erected in 1919, it was called allen's danforth, and was part of the rapidly growing allen movie theatre chain. the construction of the prince edward viaduct a year earlier had brought with it a wave of development in riverdale, and the area was becoming less of a suburb and more a part of toronto. the allen brothers saw an opportunity, and promoted the theatre as "canada's first super-suburban photoplay palace".
designed by detroit architecture firm howard crane, the building's ornamentation was more restrained than some large theatres of the time, but it was still much larger and more upscale than the existing neighbourhood movie houses in the area. before they even opened, three smaller local theatres attempted to petition queen's park to deny them a license, out of fear that the competition would ruin their businesses.
but the chain's success was relatively short-lived, and in 1923 famous players began buying up most of their theatres, including the danforth. it was known as the century until the end of the '60s, when it became a greek-language movie palace named the titania theatre. (lee's palace is the only other former allen theatre still standing in toronto.)
it wasn't until the late '70s that the danforth became known for live music. in the early silent movie days, they'd featured live variety shows before the films, but music was definitely not the main attraction. after being renamed the music hall in 1978, the theatre began offering live performances, as well as continuing to show second-run films. this split-personality served it well, and that era saw it hosting big names like james brown, the clash, and the police.
it had become such an institution by 1985 that it was designated a property of historic interest under the ontario heritage act. however, it was also steadily sliding into a sorry state of disrepair, and the roof was becoming infamously leaky. few were surprised when the hall eventually closed in 2004.
after a year and a half remaining vacant, ellipsis leisure retail inc. took over the space, and undertook ambitious renovations to re-open the music hall. things seemed like they were looking up, but in 2010 the owners of the property - electra films limited - evicted the new tenants, as they had fallen behind by $44,857.86 on rent payments.
this opened the doors for impresario inc. to take over; they reopened the theatre on december 1st, 2011. licensing the entire place appears to have made a big impact on the financial viability of the hall, and acoustic issues with the space have been dealt with. the new flexibility of removable seating has also helped it adapt to a wider variety of types of concerts, like rihanna's "surprise" 2012 appearance as part of her 777 promotional tour.
like most long-standing buildings in toronto, the danforth music hall has continued to shapeshift and adjust to the times. films might no longer be the focus, but it is still as vital a social and cultural space as it was when the doors first opened close to a century ago.
follow ben boles on twitter: @benjaminboles
photo credits, from top: silent toronto, toronto archives, dennis marciniak, alejandro santiago.
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ˈklaɪmɪt ˈʃɑkər: ɪn 2007 prɪˈdɪktɪd ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ dum: 'ˈbɪljənz əv ˈjuˈɛs wɪl daɪ; fju ˈbridɪŋ pɛrz əv ˈpipəl ðət sərˈvaɪv wɪl bi ɪn ˈɑrtɪk', pərˈhæps ðə moʊst ənˈlaɪkli əv nuz ˈsɔrsəz, rɪˈpɔrts ɔn wət meɪ bi sin ɛz ðə əˈfɪʃəl ɛnd əv ðə ˈmænˌmeɪd ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ fɪr ˈmuvmənt. ˈeɪprəl 23 2012 ‘‘gaia’*’ ˈsaɪəntɪst ʤeɪmz rɪˈvərsɪz hɪmˈsɛlf: aɪ wɑz ‘‘alarmist’*’ əˈbaʊt ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ soʊ wɑz gɔr! ˈprɑbləm ɪz wi noʊ wət ðə ˈklaɪmɪt ɪz duɪŋ. wi θɔt wi nu 20 jɪrz ago’*’ ˈkɑntræst 2012 ˈskɛptɪkəl ˈklaɪmɪt vjuz wɪθ hɪz 2007 bɪˈlifs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə haɪt əv ðə ˈmænˌmeɪd ˈklaɪmɪt fɪr ˈmuvmənt. ˈflæʃˌbæk 2007 prɪˈdɪkts ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ dum: əv ˈjuˈɛs wɪl daɪ; fju ˈbridɪŋ pɛrz əv ˈpipəl ðət sərˈvaɪv wɪl bi ɪn arctic’*’ haʊ ˈfɪtɪŋ ðət ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈɔrgən əv ðə ˈmænˌmeɪd ˈklaɪmɪt fɪr pərˈmoʊʃən,, wʊd dɪˈlɪvər wən əv ðə ˈfaɪnəl ənd moʊst drəˈmætɪk dɛθ tɪ ðə ˈklaɪmɪt ˈmuvmənt. wən əv ðə ˈfaʊndərz əv ˈklaɪmɪt əˈlɑrm beɪlz aʊt wɪθ hɛlp frəm ðə ˈmidiə ðət hɛlpt haɪp ənd prəˈpɛl ðə ˈmuvmənt. mɔr ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈɛksərpts: ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ˌɪnkənˈvinjənt truth”*” ənd tɪm ˈwɛðər makers”*” ɛz ˈəðər ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv ““alarmist”*” ˈfɔrˌkæsts əv ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz wi noʊ wət ðə ˈklaɪmɪt ɪz duɪŋ. wi θɔt wi nu 20 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ðət lɛd tɪ səm əˈlɑrmɪst bʊks maɪn ˌɪnˈkludɪd bɪˈkəz ɪt lʊkt ˈklɪrˌkət, bət ɪt happened,”*,” sɛd. ˈklaɪmɪt ɪz duɪŋ ɪts ˈjuʒəwəl trɪks. ˈnəθɪŋ məʧ ˈrɪli ˈhæpənɪŋ jɛt. wi wər səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ˈhæfˈweɪ təˈwɔrd ə fraɪɪŋ wərld now,”*,” hi sɛd. wərld həz nɑt wɔrmd əp ˈvɛri məʧ sɪns ðə məˈlɛniəm. twɛlv jɪrz ɪz ə ˈrizənəbəl time…*… ɪt (ðə ˈtɛmpərəʧər) həz steɪd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈkɑnstənt, wɛˈræz ɪt ʃʊd hæv bɪn ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈkɑrbən daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd ɪz ˈraɪzɪŋ, noʊ kˈwɛʃən əˈbaʊt that,”*,” hi ɪf hi wɑz naʊ ə ˈklaɪmɪt ˈskɛptɪk, toʊld msnbc.com*: dɪˈpɛndz wət ju min baɪ ə ˈskɛptɪk. nɑt ə denier.”*.” hi sɛd ˈkɑrbən daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd ɪˈmɪʃənz wər ˈdraɪvɪŋ ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈtɛmpərəʧər, bət ˈædɪd ðət ðə ˈifɛkt əv ðə ˈoʊʃənz wɑz nɑt wɛl ɪˈnəf ˌəndərˈstʊd ənd kʊd hæv ə ki roʊl. (ðə si) kʊd meɪk ɔl ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ə hɑt eɪʤ ənd ən aɪs age,”*,” hi sɛd. meɪd ə mistake’*’ ɛz ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ənd ə loner,”*,” hi sɛd hi dɪd nɑt maɪnd seɪɪŋ raɪt, aɪ meɪd ə mistake.”*.” hi kleɪmd ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ər ˈgəvərnmənt ˈsaɪəntɪst maɪt fɪr ən ədˈmɪʃən əv ə mɪˈsteɪk wʊd lɛd tɪ ðə lɔs əv funding.”*.” ɛnd ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈɛksərpt. ˈklaɪmɪt ˈdipoʊ bɪˈgæn rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ɔn kənˈvərʒən əˈweɪ frəm ˈklaɪmɪt fɪrz ɪn 2010 ɛz hi bɪˈgæn ˌrikənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə əˈlɛʤd science.”*.” si bɪˈloʊ fər ˈklaɪmɪt rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ɔn ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ʤeɪmz ˈklaɪmɪt vjuz. ʃɑk 2010 grin ˈguˌru ʤeɪmz ˈwɔrmɪŋ vjuz?!:: ˈmænˌmeɪd ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz seɪvd ˈjuˈɛs frəm ə nu aɪs age’*’: heɪt ɔl ðɪs ˈbɪznɪs əˈbaʊt ˈfilɪŋ ˈgɪlti əˈbaʊt wət duɪŋ. nɑt guilty’*’ ˈlərnɪd ðə ˈlɛsənz əv ðə dəˈbeɪt. ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊ ʤɪst haʊ məʧ ju hæv gɑt tɪ bi careful’*’ tɪ ˈdɑktər gaɪə ˈθɪri, ðə ərθ ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈkjʊrɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ˈplænət ðət ɪz ˈifɛktɪvli əˈlaɪv kən ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ˌɪtˈsɛlf ənd ɪts ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən ənd climate,”*,” hi said’*’ 2010 ʃɑk: grin ˈguˌru wɔrmz tɪ ˈskɛptɪks! ˈskɛptɪks hæv kɛpt ˈjuˈɛs hæv kɛpt ˈjuˈɛs frəm rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈklaɪmɪt saɪəns ɛz ə rɪˈlɪʤən. ɪt hæd gɔn tu fɑr ðət way’*’ ɛnˈvaɪroʊ ˈguˌru ʤeɪmz ədˈmɪts ˈɑbviəs: ˈprɔˌsɛs kən bi ɪkˈsidɪŋli ˈprɛʤədəst ənd ɪgˈzərt ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp even’*’ grin ˈguˌru ʤeɪmz ədˈmɪts ðə ˈɑbviəs: maɪt bi rɔŋ. ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ meɪ nɑt ˈhæpən ɛz fæst ɛz wi θɔt, ənd wi meɪ hæv jɪrz tɪ sɔrt ɪt out’*’ ʤeɪmz ɔn ˈoʊˌzoʊn hoʊl saɪəns: ʃʊd hæv bɪn wɔrnd baɪ ðə əˈfɛr bɪˈkəz ðə kərˈəpʃən əv saɪəns ɪn ðət wɑz soʊ bad…’*…’ laɪk 80 əv ðə ˈmɛʒərmənts biɪŋ meɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðət taɪm wər ˈiðər feɪkt, ər ˌɪnˈkɑmpətəntli done’*’: gɑt ðə ˈfɪzɪks wərkt aʊt θɪŋk ðə ˈpəblɪk ər raɪt. waɪ sɔft ɔn ðə sceptics*. saɪəns həz gɑt overblown’*’ 2010 grin ˈguˌru sɪz stiff’*’: greɪt ˈklaɪmɪt saɪəns ˈsɛnərz əraʊnd ðə wərld ər mɔr ðən wɛl əˈwɛr haʊ wik ðɛr saɪəns is’*’ grin ˈguˌru ʤeɪmz: ˈjumənz ər tu ˈstupɪd tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ ˈərʤɪz dɪˈmɑkrəsi ɔn hoʊld fər ə while’*’ tɪ ˈbætəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ ɔn climategate*: ˈskændəl lɛft ɪm ˈfilɪŋ disgusted’*’ ðə ˈdætə ɪn ˈɛni weɪ ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər ɪz kwaɪt ˈlɪtərəli ə sɪn əˈgɛnst ðə ˈhoʊli goʊst əv science’*’
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climate shocker: in 2007, lovelock predicted global warming doom: 'billions of us will die; few breeding pairs of people that survive will be in arctic'
msnbc, perhaps the most unlikely of news sources, reports on what may be seen as the official end of the man-made global warming fear movement.
msnbc april 23, 2012: ‘gaia’ scientist james lovelock reverses himself: i was ‘alarmist’ about climate change & so was gore! ‘the problem is we know what the climate is doing. we thought we knew 20 years ago’
contrast lovelock’s 2012 skeptical climate views with his 2007 beliefs during the height of the man-made climate fear movement. [ flashback 2007: lovelock predicts global warming doom: ‘billions of us will die; few breeding pairs of people that survive will be in arctic’ ]
how fitting that a major organ of the man-made climate fear promotion, msnbc, would deliver one of the final and most dramatic death knells to the climate movement. one of the founders of climate alarm bails out with help from the media that helped hype and propel the movement.
more msnbc article excerpts: lovelock pointed to gore’s “an inconvenient truth” and tim flannery’s “the weather makers” as other examples of “alarmist” forecasts of the future…”the problem is we know what the climate is doing. we thought we knew 20 years ago. that led to some alarmist books mine included because it looked clear-cut, but it hasn’t happened,” lovelock said. “the climate is doing its usual tricks. there’s nothing much really happening yet. we were supposed to be halfway toward a frying world now,” he said. “the world has not warmed up very much since the millennium. twelve years is a reasonable time… it (the temperature) has stayed almost constant, whereas it should have been rising — carbon dioxide is rising, no question about that,” he added…asked if he was now a climate skeptic, lovelock told msnbc.com: “it depends what you mean by a skeptic. i’m not a denier.” he said human-caused carbon dioxide emissions were driving an increase in the global temperature, but added that the effect of the oceans was not well enough understood and could have a key role. “it (the sea) could make all the difference between a hot age and an ice age,” he said. ‘i made a mistake’ as “an independent and a loner,” he said he did not mind saying “all right, i made a mistake.” he claimed a university or government scientist might fear an admission of a mistake would lead to the loss of funding.”
end msnbc article excerpt.
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climate depot began reporting on lovelock’s conversion away from climate fears in 2010 as he began reconsidering the alleged ‘settled science.” see below for climate depot’s reporting on the evolution of james lovelock’s climate views.
shock 2010: uk green guru james lovelock reconsiders warming views?!: lovelock: man-made carbon emissions ‘have saved us from a new ice age’ — lovelock: ‘i hate all this business about feeling guilty about what we’re doing. we’re not guilty’ — ‘we haven’t learned the lessons of the ozone-hole debate. important to know just how much you have got to be careful’ — ‘according to dr lovelock’s gaia theory, the earth is capable of curing itself. ‘a planet that is effectively alive can regulate itself and its composition and climate,” he said’
2010 shock: green guru lovelock warms to skeptics! ‘the skeptics have kept us sane…they have kept us from regarding climate science as a religion. it had gone too far that way’
enviro guru james lovelock admits obvious: ‘peer-review process can be exceedingly prejudiced and exert censorship even’
green guru james lovelock admits the obvious: ‘everybody might be wrong. climate change may not happen as fast as we thought, and we may have 1,000 years to sort it out’
james lovelock on ozone hole science: ‘we should have been warned by the cfc/ozone affair because the corruption of science in that was so bad…’ ‘something like 80% of the measurements being made during that time were either faked, or incompetently done’
lovelock: ‘we haven’t got the physics worked out yet…i think the public are right. that’s why i’m soft on the sceptics. science has got overblown’
2010: green guru lovelock says warmists ‘scared stiff’: ‘the great climate science centers around the world are more than well aware how weak their science is’
green guru james lovelock: humans are too stupid to prevent global warming — urges ‘putting democracy on hold for a while’ to battle warming — lovelock on climategate: scandal left him feeling ‘utterly disgusted’ — ‘fudging the data in any way whatsoever is quite literally a sin against the holy ghost of science’
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aɪ hæv ˈlərnɪd ə lɔt ˈoʊvər ðə pæst fju jɪrz əˈbaʊt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. bət ˈnəθɪŋ tɔt mi mɔr ðən ðə θɪŋz aɪ dɪd rɔŋ ðə sɪnz əv ʧeɪnʤ. ðiz 7 ˈdɛdli sɪnz wɪl prɪˈvɛnt ju frəm ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. əˈvɔɪd ðɛm, ənd ju hæv ə məʧ ˈbɛtər ʧæns əv səkˈsɛs. 1 ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ fæst aɪ si ˈpipəl hu əˈtɛmpt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ fæst ɔl ðə taɪm. æt ðə ʤɪm, sˈmaɪlɪŋ æt mi wɪθ ðɛr naɪiv, ˈtuθi grɪn. goʊɪŋ tɪ stɑrt ˈkəmɪŋ hir ˈɛvəri day,”*,” ðeɪ seɪ. ˈsædli, aɪ noʊ ðɪs ðə keɪs. aɪ ˈjuʒəwəli si ðɛm ðə nɛkst deɪ, ðɛn ɪn ə fju deɪz, ðɛn nɑt æt ɔl. waɪ ɪz ðɪs? ɪz ɪt frəm læk əv ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən ər læk əv ˈdɪsəplən? aɪ θɪŋk soʊ. bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ʧeɪnʤ tu fæst. aɪ si ðɛm ˈdrɪpɪŋ wɪθ swɛt ˈæftər ðɛr rən ɔn ðə ˈtrɛdˌmɪl ˈhəfɪŋ ənd ˈpəfɪŋ laɪk əˈbaʊt tɪ pæs aʊt. ɪt məst bi ˈpeɪnfəl tɪ pʊʃ ˈjɔrsɛlf ðət məʧ. ənd ðɪs peɪn ɪz rɪˈmɛmbərd ðə nɛkst deɪ. ðɪs peɪn meɪks ðɛm kwɪt. wət ɪf ðeɪ wɛnt sloʊ? ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈpʊʃɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðeɪ stɑpt æt ə ˈrizənəbəl taɪm. ðɛn ðeɪ sˈloʊli ˌɪnˈkrist ðɛr taɪm ˈwərkɪŋ aʊt. goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə ʤɪm wʊd bi ə məʧ ˈbɛtər ɪkˈspɪriəns. ðeɪ wʊd bi mɔr ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd tɪ goʊ tɪ ðə ʤɪm ˈrɛgjələrli. aɪ hæv dɪˈskəvərd ðət ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ fæst, ˈrəðər ðən sloʊ ɪz ðə moʊst ˈdɛdli sɪn əv ʧeɪnʤ. baɪ goʊɪŋ sloʊ, ju gɪt bərnd aʊt. ju kən meɪk jʊr ʧeɪnʤ ə ˈhæbət, ˈrəðər ðən ə flɪŋ. 2 biɪŋ ˌɪnˈflɛksəbəl ˈplænɪŋ wɑz ən oʊld frɛnd əv maɪn wɪn ɪt keɪm tɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. aɪ wʊd plæn ˈɛvəri ˈæˌspɛkt əv haʊ aɪ wʊd ˈtækəl maɪ ʧeɪnʤ, ənd wʊd lɔg maɪ ˈprɑˌgrɛs. aɪ wʊd meɪk spɪˈsɪfɪk goʊlz, kriˈeɪt spɪˈsɪfɪk stɛps tɪ əˈʧiv ðɛm, ənd plæn ə ˈrizənəbəl taɪm freɪm. moʊst ˈpipəl wʊd əˈplɔd ðɪs fəˈlɑsəfi. ɪt simz tɪ meɪk sɛns bɪˈkəz ˈjumənz wɔnt ðə ˌɪˈluʒən əv kənˈtroʊl, ənd wi ər toʊld ðət ˈplænɪŋ ɪz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. tɪ plæn, priˈpɛr tɪ fail,”*,” ɪz ðə oʊld ˈædəʤ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ hæv faʊnd ðət ˈplænɪŋ hərts ʧeɪnʤ. ˈplænɪŋ meɪks ju ˌɪnˈflɛksəbəl, ənd ˌɪnˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti hɑrmz ʧeɪnʤ. kənˈsɪdər wɪn aɪ meɪd maɪ ˈvɑrsɪti ˈsɑkər tim æt skul. tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ ðɪs, aɪ hæd tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv (ðəs ʧeɪnʤ) maɪ əˈbɪləˌtiz ɛz ə pleɪər. aɪ kriˈeɪtɪd ə lɔŋ, plæn tɪ əˈʧivɪŋ maɪ goʊl. bət aɪ ˈɛndɪd əp streɪɪŋ frəm ðə plæn. aɪ ˈlərnɪd ðət aɪ wʊd gɪt ˈbɛtər rɪˈzəlts frəm ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn spɪˈsɪfɪk skɪlz, ˈrəðər ðən ðə hoʊl ˈpækɪʤ. aɪ treɪnd wɪθ maɪ frɛndz (ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ɔn maɪ oʊn) ənd pleɪd ˈpɪˌkəp geɪmz. ðə θɪŋz ðət wɛnt əˈgɛnst maɪ plæn hɛlpt mi ðə moʊst. ɪf aɪ wʊd hæv ˈstrɪktli ˈfɑloʊd maɪ plæn, aɪ wʊd hæv mɪst aʊt ɔn ˈvæljəbəl ˌɑpərˈtunətiz. aɪ hæv faʊnd ðɪs ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn. ˌɪnˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti hɑrmz ʧeɪnʤ, ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti hɛlps ju ʧeɪnʤ. ju hæv tɪ gɪv əp ˈplænɪŋ ˌɔltəˈgɛðər (ðoʊ aɪ hæv), bət ˌəndərˈstænd ðət jʊr plænz wɪl ənd hæv tɪ ʧeɪnʤ. ju nid tɪ bi ˈflɛksəbəl tɪ ʧeɪnʤ. 3 ˈtækəlɪŋ ˈməltəpəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz æt wəns səm ˈpipəl kəm tɪ maɪ blɔg, slowchange*, ənd iˈmeɪl mi seɪɪŋ ðeɪ ər ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðɛr laɪf. ðeɪ lɪst ˈməltəpəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ stɑrt ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ raɪt əˈweɪ. sloʊ daʊn. ˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ meɪk ˈməltəpəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz æt wəns, bət ɪt ˈgreɪtli ˌɪnˈkrisɪz jʊr ʧeɪnʤ əv ˈfeɪlɪŋ. wɪn ju ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn wən ʧeɪnʤ, ju kən dɪˈstrɪbjut ɔl jʊr ˈɛnərʤi tɪ ɪt. bət wɪn ju ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈməltəpəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, jʊr ˈɛnərʤi ɔn iʧ ɪz rɪˈdust. soʊ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn wən ʧeɪnʤ tɪl ɪt bɪˈkəmz ə ˈhæbət. ðɛn muv ˈɔntu ðə nɛkst wən. 4 ðɪs sɪn ɪz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˈkɑmən ənd ˈdɛdli. aɪ noʊ bɪˈkəz ˈstrəgəld wɪθ ɪt maɪ hoʊl laɪf. ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˌɪnˈstɛd əv duɪŋ. dən ɪt soʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz: aɪ wɔnt tɪ meɪk ə ʧeɪnʤ, soʊ aɪ rɛd əˈbaʊt ɪt. aɪ goʊ ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ənd æsk kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ɪt. aɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɪt, aɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ɪt. aɪ du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpt ækt. ˈizi tɪ gɪt kɔt əp ɪn bɪˈkəz ˈizi ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪəbəl. ənd nɑt ɔl bæd; kən hɛlp ju lərn ənd ˌɪmˈpruv. bət ˈnəθɪŋ wɪl gɪt dən ənˈlɛs ju du ˈsəmθɪŋ. soʊ ækt. wɔnt tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˈrənər? gɪt aʊt ðə dɔr raɪt naʊ ənd stɑrt ˈrənɪŋ. ju kən rɛd əˈbaʊt ɪt ˈæftər ˈfɪnɪʃt jʊr rən. 5 rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈkɑmən ədˈvaɪs tɛlz ju tɪ rɪˈwɔrd ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈæftər duɪŋ ə ˈpɑzətɪv ækˈtɪvɪti. soʊ ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ðə ˈhæbət əv ˈrɛdɪŋ, ju rɪˈwɔrd ˈjɔrsɛlf wɪθ ə ˈʧɔklət bɑr ˈɛvriˌtaɪm ju rɛd 50 ˈpeɪʤɪz. ɪt meɪks sɛns raɪt? ɪf ju ər ˌriɪnˈfɔrst, ju wɔnt tɪ du ðə ækˈtɪvɪti mɔr (ðəs ˈfɔrmɪŋ ðə ˈhæbət). ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ hæv dɪˈskəvərd ðət rɪˈwɔrdz ˈoʊnli ˈhɪndər ʧeɪnʤ. goʊ wɪθ ə ˈtɪpɪkəl ɪgˈzæmpəl. ə ˈwʊmən wɔnts tɪ gɪt ɪn ʃeɪp, soʊ ʃi stɑrts ˈwərkɪŋ aʊt ɪn ðə ʤɪm. ʃi heɪts ðə ʤɪm, bət rɪˈwɔrdz hərˈsɛlf wɪθ ə məˈsɑʒ ˈɛvəri taɪm ʃi goʊz tɪ ðə ʤɪm. ɛz ðə deɪz pæs, ʃi heɪts ðə ʤɪm mɔr ənd mɔr (ðɪs ɪz wət ˈhæpənz wɪn ju fɔrs ˈjɔrsɛlf tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ ju laɪk). ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, ʃi gɪvz ɪn ənd kwɪts. ʃi ˈriəˌlaɪzɪz ðət ʃi kən gɪv hərˈsɛlf ə məˈsɑʒ wɪˈθaʊt goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə ʤɪm, ənd ˈivɪn ɪf ʃi filz ˈgɪlti ənd gɪt ðə məˈsɑʒ, ʃi stɪl filz ˈbɛtər ðən goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə ʤɪm. aɪ si ðɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊ ˈhæpən ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn. ənd ɪt ˈhæpənd tɪ mi. ə lɔt. tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈlæstɪŋ ʧeɪnʤ, ju nid tɪ bi ˌɪnˈtrɪnsɪkəli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd. ɪf ju ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə ækˈtɪvɪti, ɪf ðə ækˈtɪvɪti ɪts oʊn rɪˈwɔrd, ðɛn ju du ɪt. ju wɪl kwɪt ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn. soʊ ˈfɪgjər aʊt haʊ tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə ækˈtɪvɪti. ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə ˈwərˌkaʊt ənd ðə ˈplɛʒər ju fil wɪn ju ər ðɛr. goʊ sˈloʊli, pʊʃ ˈjɔrsɛlf ər kɔz ˈjɔrsɛlf peɪn. ɪf ju ˈtruli heɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ, dɪˈvaɪz ə ˈdɪfərənt weɪ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə ʤɪm, traɪ pleɪɪŋ spɔrts, pleɪɪŋ wɪθ kɪdz, ər ˈsɪmpli ˈwɔkɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd. tɪ meɪk ˈsəmθɪŋ ə ˈhæbət, ðə ʧeɪnʤ məst bi ɔn rɪˈwɔrd. ər ju wɪl feɪl. 6 ˈwəriɪŋ əˈbaʊt rɪˈzəlts wi tɛnd tɪ ˌoʊvərˈɛstəˌmeɪt haʊ fæst wi kən əˈʧiv rɪˈzəlts. ðɪs səˈpraɪzɪŋ kənˈsɪdərɪŋ wi ər toʊld wi kən luz 7 paʊnz ɪn 7 deɪz, bɪˈkəm fluənt ɪn ə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ɪn ə mənθ, ənd əˈʧiv ˈeɪˈbiˈɛs ɪn tu wiks. wɪn ðiz ˈkreɪzi rɪˈzəlts kəm, wi ˈɔfən gɪt ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd. wi bɪˈkəm dɪˈsætəsˌfaɪd ənd θroʊ ɪn ðə taʊəl. ðɪs həz ˈhæpənd tɪ mi ˈkaʊntləs taɪmz. aɪ ˈdɛfənətli ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ju wɔnt rɪˈzəlts ɪn ðə ˌʃɔrtˈtərm. bət ðə rɪˈzəlts ðət ˈtruli ˈmætər ər ˈlɔŋˈtərm. wi tɛnd tɪ ˌoʊvərˈɛstəˌmeɪt ˌʃɔrtˈtərm rɪˈzəlts bət ˈəndərˈɛstəˌmeɪt ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈbɛnəfɪts. soʊ, ɪf ju kip ˈpləgɪŋ əˈweɪ ju wɪl gɪt greɪt rɪˈzəlts. aɪ ˈprɑməs. ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ʃʊd bi fən. ðə ʤɔɪ əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə greɪt ʧeɪnʤ, ʃʊd bi ɪˈnəf fər ðə ˌʃɔrtˈtərm. lɛt ə ləst fər ˌʃɔrtˈtərm rɪˈzəlts ˌɪnərˈfɪr wɪθ greɪt ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈbɛnəfɪts. 7 ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ bɪˈkəz əv ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊrɪti ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ jʊr laɪf fər ðə ˈbɛtər ɪz ən ˈɔsəm θɪŋ. ɪt həz kəmˈplitli tərnd maɪ laɪf əraʊnd: aɪ hæv wɛnt frəm dɪˈprɛst ənd kənfˈjuzd tɪ ˈhæpi ənd fʊlˈfɪld wɪθ ʤɪst ə fju ˈsɪmpəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. bət səm ˈpipəl ʧeɪnʤ ðɛmˈsɛlvz nɑt tɪ lɪv ə mɔr ˈminɪŋfəl laɪf, bət bɪˈkəz əv ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊrɪti. ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf ɪz ə (hɛk ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈbɪljən) ˈdɔlər ˈɪndəstri ðət ˈliʧɪz ɔf ðə ˈɪnsəkjər. aɪ wɔnt ju tɪ kip ðɪs ɪn maɪnd: ju ər nɑt ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ bɪˈkəz ju ər ˈsəmˌhaʊ ˌɪˈnædəkˌweɪt. ju ər ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˈsɪmpli tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðə kˈwɑləti əv jʊr laɪf. tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˈhɛlθiər, mɔr kəmˈpæʃənət ˈpərsən. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ ðə prɪns
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i have learned a lot over the past few years about making changes. but nothing taught me more than the things i did wrong – the sins of change.
these 7 deadly sins will prevent you from making changes. avoid them, and you have a much better chance of success.
1. changing fast
i see people who attempt to change fast all the time. they’re at the gym, smiling at me with their naive, toothy grin. “i’m going to start coming here every day,” they say.
sadly, i know this isn’t the case. i usually see them the next day, then in a few days, then not at all.
why is this? is it from lack of motivation or lack of discipline? i don’t think so. it’s because they change too fast.
i see them dripping with sweat after their run on the treadmill – huffing and puffing like they’re about to pass out. it must be painful to push yourself that much. and this pain is remembered the next day. this pain makes them quit.
what if they went slow? instead of pushing themselves, they stopped at a reasonable time. then they slowly increased their time working out.
going to the gym would be a much better experience. they would be more motivated to go to the gym regularly.
i have discovered that changing fast, rather than slow is the most deadly sin of change. by going slow, you don’t get burned out. you can make your change a habit, rather than a fling.
2. being inflexible
planning was an old friend of mine when it came to making changes. i would plan every aspect of how i would tackle my change, and would log my progress.
i would make specific goals, create specific steps to achieve them, and plan a reasonable time frame.
most people would applaud this philosophy. it seems to make sense because humans want the illusion of control, and we are told that planning is incredibly important. “fail to plan, prepare to fail,” is the old adage.
however, i have found that planning hurts change. planning makes you inflexible, and inflexibility harms change.
consider when i made my varsity soccer team at school. to accomplish this, i had to improve (thus change) my abilities as a player. i created a long, step-by-step plan to achieving my goal.
but i ended up straying from the plan. i learned that i would get better results from focusing on specific skills, rather than the whole package. i trained with my friends (instead of on my own) and played pick-up games. the things that went against my plan helped me the most.
if i would have strictly followed my plan, i would have missed out on valuable opportunities.
i have found this over and over again.
inflexibility harms change, flexibility helps you change. you don’t have to give up planning altogether (though i have), but understand that your plans will and have to change. you need to be flexible to change.
3. tackling multiple changes at once
some people come to my blog, slowchange, and email me saying they are excited about changing their life. they list multiple changes they want to start implementing right away.
slow down. it’s tempting to make multiple changes at once, but it greatly increases your change of failing.
when you focus on one change, you can distribute all your energy to it. but when you focus on multiple changes, your energy on each is reduced.
so focus on one change till it becomes a habit. then move onto the next one.
4. spectating
this sin is incredibly common and deadly. i know because i’ve struggled with it my whole life.
spectating – watching instead of doing.
i’ve done it so many times: i want to make a change, so i read about it. i go on the internet and ask questions about it. i think about it, i talk about it. i do everything except act.
it’s easy to get caught up in spectating because it’s easy and enjoyable. and it’s not all bad; spectating can help you learn and improve.
but nothing will get done unless you do something. so act.
want to become a runner? get out the door right now and start running. you can read about it after you’ve finished your run.
5. rewarding yourself
common advice tells you to reward yourself after doing a positive activity. so if you want to develop the habit of reading, you reward yourself with a chocolate bar everytime you read 50 pages.
it makes sense right? if you are reinforced, you want to do the activity more (thus forming the habit). however, i have discovered that rewards only hinder change.
let’s go with a typical example. a woman wants to get in shape, so she starts working out in the gym. she hates the gym, but rewards herself with a massage every time she goes to the gym.
as the days pass, she hates the gym more and more (this is what happens when you force yourself to do something you don’t like). eventually, she gives in and quits. she realizes that she can give herself a massage without going to the gym, and even if she feels guilty and doesn’t get the massage, she still feels better than going to the gym.
i see this scenario happen over and over again. and it happened to me. a lot.
to create lasting change, you need to be intrinsically motivated. if you don’t enjoy the activity, if the activity isn’t its own reward, then you won’t do it. you will quit over and over again.
so figure out how to enjoy the activity. focus on the workout and the pleasure you feel when you are there. go slowly, don’t push yourself or cause yourself pain.
if you truly hate something, devise a different way to change. instead of the gym, try playing sports, playing with kids, or simply walking outside.
to make something a habit, the change must be it’s on reward. or you will fail.
6. worrying about results
we tend to overestimate how fast we can achieve results. this isn’t surprising considering we are told we can lose 7 pounds in 7 days, become fluent in a language in a month, and achieve 6-pack abs in two weeks.
when these crazy results don’t come, we often get frustrated. we become dissatisfied and throw in the towel. this has happened to me countless times.
i definitely understand that you want results in the short-term. but the results that truly matter are long-term.
we tend to overestimate short-term results but underestimate long-term benefits. so, if you keep plugging away you will get great results. i promise.
making changes should be fun. the joy of making a great change, should be enough for the short-term. don’t let a lust for short-term results interfere with great long-term benefits.
7. changing because of insecurity
changing your life for the better is an awesome thing. it has completely turned my life around: i have went from depressed and confused to happy and fulfilled with just a few simple changes.
but some people change themselves not to live a more meaningful life, but because of insecurity. changing yourself is a multi-million (heck probably billion) dollar industry that leeches off the insecure.
i want you to keep this in mind: you are not changing because you are somehow inadequate. you are changing simply to improve the quality of your life. to become a healthier, more compassionate person.
photo by the half-blood prince
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ðɪs wiks ˈpɑrti kənˈvɛnʃən wɪl sɛt ðə toʊn fər ˈænʤələ kæmˈpeɪn fər ə fɔrθ tərm ɛz ˈʤərmən ˈʧænsələr. ðə bɪg kˈwɛʃən ɪz haʊ trəˈdɪʃənəl kənˈsərvətɪvz wɪl traɪ tɪ ˈkaʊntər ˈpɑpjəˌlɪzəm. ðə ˈleɪtəst poʊlz gɪv ˈænʤələ ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈdɛməˌkræts (cdu*) bɪtˈwin 32 ənd 37 pərˈsɛnt səˈpɔrt əˈməŋ ˈlaɪkli ˈvoʊtərz. ðæts nɑt ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈhɔrəbəl nuz. ɪn ˈɔgəst, ˈʤərməniz ˈlidɪŋ ˈpɑrti hæd ˈpləmətɪd ɔl ðə weɪ daʊn tɪ 30 pərˈsɛnt ɪn əˈpɪnjən ˈsərˌveɪz, soʊ kənˈsərvətɪvz kən kleɪm ðeɪv meɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ əv ə ˈkəmˌbæk ðɪs fɔl. bət ðə ˈnəmbərz ər ˈhɑrdli ˌriəˈʃʊrɪŋ, ˈiðər. ðə ərnd pərˈsɛnt əv ðə voʊt ɪn ðə ˈpriviəs ˈʤərmən ˈnæʃənəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn 2013 ɪf ðeɪ wər ˈɔfərd ðət sɔrt əv rɪˈzəlt ðɪs taɪm əraʊnd, ðeɪ wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli teɪk ɪt. təˈgɛðər wɪθ ðɛr ˈʤunjər ˈpɑrtnərz ɪn ðə ˈgəvərnɪŋ grænd ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən, ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɛməˌkræts (spd*), ðə kən ˈkərəntli ˈoʊnli ɪkˈspɛkt bɪtˈwin 54 ənd 58 pərˈsɛnt səˈpɔrt ˈlivɪŋ ˈlɪtəl ˈmɑrʤən fər ˈɛrər æt ə taɪm wɪn ˈvoʊtərz θruaʊt ðə wɛst ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ˈpɑpjələst, ˈɔpʃənz. ɪts noʊ ˈsikrɪt wɛr ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə (ənd ɔl ðə ˈəðər ˈmeɪʤər ˈpɑrtiz') lɔst ˈvoʊtərz hæv gɔn. ðə anti-eu*, ɔlˈtərnətɪv fər ˈʤərməni (afd*) ɪz ˈpoʊlɪŋ wɛl əˈbəv 10 pərˈsɛnt ˈɛvriˌwɛr ɪn ðə ˈkəntri ənd ˈgɑrnərd 25 pərˈsɛnt ɪn ðə moʊst ˈrisənt ˈsərˌveɪz ɪn ðə ˈistərn steɪt əv ˈsæksəni. ðə pərˈfɔrmd ˈpurli ɪn faɪv ˈriʤənəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz ðɪs jɪr ənd ˈdɛspərətli nidz tɪ ʃoʊ ˈbɛtər rɪˈzəlts ɪn θri ˈfərðər ˈriʤənəl wənz ɪn 2017 ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈnæʃənəl voʊt ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər. ðə ˈpɑrti kənˈvɛnʃən ɪn ðə ˈsɪti əv ˈɛsən frəm dɪˈsɛmbər 5 tɪ 8 ɪz ə ʧæns tɪ gɪt ɔf tɪ ə gʊd stɑrt fər ə kæmˈpeɪn ðət wɪl bi fɑr mɔr kənˈtɛnʃəs ðən ˈiðər əv ðə priˈsidɪŋ tu. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt "ɪn ðə ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃənz tɪ kəm, ɑr pəˈlɪtɪkəl kəmˈpɛtɪtərz wɪl faɪnd aʊt ðət ðə ɪz əp fər ə faɪt," ˈʤɛnərəl ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈpitər ˈtaʊbər sɛd æt ˈpɑrti ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz ɪn bərˈlɪn əˈhɛd əv ðə kənˈvɛnʃən. ˈtaʊbər ˈædɪd ðət ðə ˈkɑrənt pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪnˈteɪld ə ˈbætəl ˈoʊvər ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈprɪnsəpəlz ənd kəmˈpɛrd ɪt tɪ ðə dəˈbeɪts əˈbaʊt dɪˈplɔɪɪŋ ˈneɪtoʊ ˈnukliər ˈmɪsəlz ɪn wɛst ˈʤərməni ɪn ðə ˈərli ənd ðə fɔl əv ðə bərˈlɪn wɔl ənd ˈʤərmən riˌunəfəˈkeɪʃən ə ˈdɛkeɪd ˈleɪtər. wən ædˈvæntɪʤ fər ðə kənˈsərvətɪvz ɪn ðət ˈbætəl: æt list ðɛrz kəmˈpærətɪvˌli ˈlɪtəl skˈwɑbəlɪŋ əˈbaʊt hu ʃʊd lɛd ðə ˈpɑrti. ðɛr wɪl bi noʊ bɪg ˈʧeɪnʤɪz æt ðə tɔp ɪn ˈɛsən kən ðə ˈʧænsələr ˈræli ðə trups? ˈæftər ˈhævɪŋ tɪ ˈtɑlərˌeɪt səm ˌənəˈkəstəmd ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm frəm wɪˈθɪn kənˈsərvətɪv ræŋks ˈæftər ˈʤərməni ækˈsɛptɪd ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ɪn 2015 ˈænʤələ ˈmərkəl həz ʃɔrd əp hər pəˈzɪʃən æt ðə hɛd əv ðə. ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ðə ˈpɑrti wɪl kənˈfərm hər ɛz ɪts ˈʧɛrˌwʊmən ənd ðəs ɪts ˈkænədɪt fər ˈʧænsələr. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈmɑrʤən baɪ wɪʧ ʃiz ɪˈlɛktɪd ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt. æt ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈpɑrti prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns ˌbiˈfɔr ðə kənˈvɛnʃən, ˈtaʊbər rɪfˈjuzd tɪ sɛt ə ˈtərgət fər ˈmərkəl, bət ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tu fɑr bɪˈloʊ 90 pərˈsɛnt kənˈfərmɪŋ hər ɛz ˈʧɛrˌwʊmən wʊd bi ən ɪmˈbɛrəsmənt. ˈkɑnvərsli, ðə ˈkloʊzər ˈmərkəl gɪts tɪ ə juˈnænəməs voʊt əv ˈkɑnfədɛns ðə mɔr moʊˈmɛntəm ʃi kən teɪk frəm ðə kənˈvɛnʃən ˈɪntu ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən kæmˈpeɪn. ðə ˈʧænsələr, hu ɪz noʊn fər hər ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈsoʊbər, ˌənəˈmoʊʃənəl ˈspikɪŋ staɪl, wɪl ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈdɛləˌgeɪts ɪn ˈɛsən ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ. səm əbˈzərvərz hæv kɔld ɔn ˈmərkəl tɪ bi boʊθ mɔr ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ənd mɔr spɪˈsɪfɪk ɪn ðɪs kæmˈpeɪn, ənd ɪt wɪl bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ si ˈwɛðər ʃi hidz səʧ ədˈvaɪs ənd haʊ ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ ðə ˈpɑrti ˈfeɪθfəl faɪnd hər spiʧ. ˈəðərˌwaɪz, ðə ɪz ˈbæŋkɪŋ ɔn ˌkɑntəˈnuəti ɪn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈəpər ˈɛʃəˌlɑn əv ɪts ˈlidərˌʃɪp ðɛr ər ˈoʊnli faɪv ˈkænədɪts ˈstændɪŋ fər ðə faɪv pəˈzɪʃənz ɛz ˈdɛpjətiz. ðə ˈpɑrti wɪl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, æd ə pəˈzɪʃən spəˈsɪfɪkli riˈspɑnsəbəl fər æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə kənˈsərnz əv ðə ˈpɑrtiz ˈrəfli ˈmɛmbərz. ɪt ɪz ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ ˈɛnərˌʤaɪz ðə ˈgræsˈruts. ˈmərkəl həz ˈgəvərnd fər ðə pæst fɔr jɪrz wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ðə tɪ goʊ raɪt, lɛft ər steɪ ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl? ðə ˈɔfən ˈjuzɪz ðə sˈloʊgən "daɪ mitte*" ər, "ðə ˈsɛnər" bət ðɛr ər ˈfɔrsɪz ˈpʊʃɪŋ ðə ˈpɑrti ɪn ˈvɛriəs dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz. ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, kənˈvɛnʃən ˈdɛləˌgeɪts wɪl bi æst tɪ əˈpruv ə pəˈzɪʃən ˈpeɪpər ɛnˈtaɪtəld "ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən ɪn ˈdɪfəkəlt taɪmz." waɪl nɑt ə ˈpɑrti ˈplætˌfɔrm, ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt dɪz ˈʤɛnərəli sɛt aʊt ðə ˈstænsɪz ɔn ˈɪʃuz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪmˈplɔɪmənt, digitalization*, ˌgloʊbəlɪˈzeɪʃən, dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛnəl eɪd, ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ˈfæməli ˈɪʃuz, dəˈmɛstɪk sɪˈkjʊrəti, dɪˈfɛns, ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi ənd ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz. bɪˈkəz ɪt dɪˈfaɪnz rɪˈdusɪŋ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ɛz ə goʊl ənd spiks əv ˈʤərməni ˈhævɪŋ "ə ˈlidɪŋ ˈkəlʧər" ˈɪntu wɪʧ ɔl ˈɪməgrənts məst ˈɪnəˌgreɪt, ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt həz bɪn ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɛz ə rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə raɪt ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ wɪn ˈvoʊtərz bæk frəm ðə afd*. ə ˈstrɪktər stæns təˈwɔrd ˈmaɪgrənts wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlp smuð ˈoʊvər ˈdɪfərənsɪz wɪθ ðə mɔr kənˈsərvətɪv bəˈvɛriən ˈsɪstər ˈpɑrti, ðə, wɪʧ həz rɪˈpitɪdli kɔld fər ən ˈænjuəl kæp ɔn ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ɪn ˈʤərməni. tu ˈlidərz wɪl bi æt ðə kənˈvɛnʃən ɪn ˈɛsən, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪts ˈʧɛrmən, hɔrst seehofer*, woʊnt bi. ˈmərkəl həz ˈflætli rɪˈʤɛktɪd ˈɛni sɔrt əv hɑrd kæp ɔn ˈmaɪgrənt ˈnəmbərz, ənd ɪn bərˈlɪn əˈhɛd əv ðə kənˈvɛnʃən, ˈtaʊbər sɛd hi ˈdɪdənt θɪŋk ɪt wɑz ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ðə kʊd splɪt ˈoʊvər ðə ˈɪʃu. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ɪf ɪt wɔnts tɪ fɔrm ə nu ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn 2017 ðə həz tɪ kip ˈoʊpən ðə ˈɔpʃən əv ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ ɪts ˈkɑrənt ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən wɪθ ðə ər ˈfɔrmɪŋ ə nu wən, wɪʧ wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli hæv tɪ ˌɪnˈvɑlv ðə grinz. bət ˈwɛðər ðə muvz tɪ ðə raɪt ər ðə lɛft, ər ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪts ɔn ˈhoʊldɪŋ ðə ˈmɪdəl, ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri goʊl ɪn 2017 ɪz tɪ bit bæk ðə ˈʧælənʤ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd baɪ ðə afd*, wɪʧ həz bɪn ˈboʊlstərd baɪ ənd ˈdɑnəld trəmps ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈvɪktəri ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. "ˈpɑpjəˌlɪzəm, ˈnæʃənəlɪst ˈblaɪndərz, prəˈtɛkʃəˌnɪzəm ənd ˈdipənɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl dɪˈvɪʒənz ər nɑt ˈænsərz tɪ ðə ˈərʤənt ˈprɑbləmz əv ðə ˈprɛzənt ənd ðə fˈjuʧər," ridz ðə fɔrθ pɔɪnt ɪn ðə pəˈzɪʃən ˈpeɪpər əp fər voʊt ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. "ðə ɪz ə ˈpɑrti əv ˈvæljuz. ɪt wɪl dɪˈsaɪsɪvli əˈpoʊz ɔl ɪnˈdɛvərz əv ðət sɔrt." ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ˈɛsən wɪl bi eɪmd nɑt ʤɪst æt ðə ˈʤərmən ɪˈlɛktərət, ɛz ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli ðə keɪs wɪθ ə ˈpɑrti kənˈvɛnʃən. ðɪs taɪm əraʊnd, ɪt wɪl ɪkˈsplɪsətli ˈtərgət ðə afd*. ˈʤɛfərsən ʧeɪs, ʃoʊlz
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this week's cdu party convention will set the tone for angela merkel's campaign for a fourth term as german chancellor. the big question is how traditional conservatives will try to counter right-wing populism.
the latest polls give angela merkel's christian democrats (cdu) between 32 and 37 percent support among likely voters. that's not particularly horrible news. in august, germany's leading party had plummeted all the way down to 30 percent in opinion surveys, so conservatives can claim they've made something of a comeback this fall.
but the numbers are hardly reassuring, either. the cdu earned 41.5 percent of the vote in the previous german national election in 2013 - if they were offered that sort of result this time around, they would probably take it. together with their junior partners in the governing grand coalition, the center-left social democrats (spd), the cdu can currently only expect between 54 and 58 percent support - leaving little margin for error at a time when voters throughout the west are increasingly turning to populist, anti-establishment options.
it's no secret where the majority of the cdu's (and all the other major parties') lost voters have gone. the anti-eu, anti-immigration alternative for germany (afd) is polling well above 10 percent everywhere in the country and garnered 25 percent in the most recent surveys in the eastern state of saxony. the cdu performed poorly in five regional elections this year and desperately needs to show better results in three further regional ones in 2017 before the national vote in september.
the cdu party convention in the city of essen from december 5 to 8 is a chance to get off to a good start for a campaign that will be far more contentious than either of the preceding two.
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"in the confrontations to come, our political competitors will find out that the cdu is up for a fight," cdu general secretary peter tauber said at party headquarters in berlin ahead of the convention. tauber added that the current political situation entailed a battle over fundamental principles and compared it to the debates about deploying nato nuclear missiles in west germany in the early 1980s and the fall of the berlin wall and german reunification a decade later.
one advantage for the conservatives in that battle: at least there's comparatively little squabbling about who should lead the party.
there will be no big changes at the top in essen
can the chancellor rally the troops?
after having to tolerate some unaccustomed criticism from within conservative ranks after germany accepted hundreds of thousands of refugees in 2015, angela merkel has shored up her position at the head of the cdu.
on tuesday, the party will confirm her as its chairwoman and thus its candidate for chancellor. however, the margin by which she's elected is significant. at the final party press conference before the convention, tauber refused to set a target for merkel, but anything too far below 90 percent confirming her as chairwoman would be an embarrassment. conversely, the closer merkel gets to a unanimous vote of confidence the more momentum she can take from the convention into the election campaign.
the chancellor, who is known for her relatively sober, unemotional speaking style, will address the 1,000 delegates in essen on tuesday. some observers have called on merkel to be both more emotional and more specific in this campaign, and it will be interesting to see whether she heeds such advice and how inspiring the party faithful find her speech.
otherwise, the cdu is banking on continuity in the entire upper echelon of its leadership - there are only five candidates standing for the five positions as merkel's deputies. the party will, however, add a position specifically responsible for addressing the concerns of the party's roughly 450,000 card-carrying members. it is an attempt to energize the cdu's grassroots.
merkel has governed for the past four years with the help of the spd
to go right, left or stay in the middle?
the cdu often uses the slogan "die mitte" - or, "the center" - but there are forces pushing the party in various directions.
on wednesday, convention delegates will be asked to approve a 20-page position paper entitled "orientation in difficult times." while not a full-fledged party platform, the document does generally set out the cdu's stances on issues including employment, digitalization, globalization, developmental aid, education, family issues, domestic security, defense, foreign policy and refugees.
because it defines reducing the number of refugees as a goal and speaks of germany having "a leading culture" into which all immigrants must integrate, the document has been interpreted as a return to the right in an attempt to win voters back from the anti-migrant afd. a stricter stance toward migrants would also help smooth over differences with the cdu's more conservative bavarian sister party, the csu, which has repeatedly called for an annual cap on the number of refugees in germany.
two csu leaders will be at the convention in essen, although its chairman, horst seehofer, won't be. merkel has flatly rejected any sort of hard cap on migrant numbers, and in berlin ahead of the convention, tauber said he didn't think it was possible that the cdu-csu could split over the issue.
at the same time, if it wants to form a new government in 2017, the cdu has to keep open the option of extending its current coalition with the spd or forming a new one, which would probably have to involve the greens. but whether the cdu moves to the right or the left, or concentrates on holding the middle, the primary goal in 2017 is to beat back the challenge represented by the afd, which has been bolstered by brexit and donald trump's presidential election victory in the united states.
"populism, nationalist blinders, protectionism and deepening social divisions are not answers to the urgent problems of the present and the future," reads the fourth point in the position paper up for vote on wednesday. "the cdu is a party of values. it will decisively oppose all endeavors of that sort."
the message coming from essen will be aimed not just at the german electorate, as is usually the case with a party convention. this time around, it will explicitly target the afd.
jefferson chase, kay-alexander scholz
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ðə vərˈʤɪnjə ˈfʊtˌbɔl tim wən æt ˈmɛrələnd ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun, ənd bɪˈkeɪm boʊl ˈɛlɪʤəbəl fər ðə fərst taɪm sɪns 2007 ðə wɪn ˈɔlsoʊ mɑrks ðə fərst ˈvɪktəri fər ðə ˌkævəˈlɪrz ɪn ðə mənθ əv noʊˈvɛmbər ɪn fɔr jɪrz, ˈɛndɪŋ ə 13 geɪm ˈluzɪŋ strik ɪn ðə mənθ. hɛd koʊʧ maɪk ˈləndən sɪz, "ɪts ˈgrætəˌfaɪɪŋ tɪ si ə grup əv jəŋ mɛn ðət bɪˈliv ɪn ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ənd ə ˈkoʊʧɪŋ stæf ðət pʊts ðə taɪm ənd ðə ˈɛfərt ɪn tɪ ˈrɪli meɪk ˈsəmθɪŋ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt aʊt əv ðɪs ˈsizən." ˈsɑfˌmɔr kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ˈmaɪkəl ˈrɑkoʊ θru fər 307 jɑrdz waɪl kəmˈplitɪŋ 23 əv 36 ˈpæsɪz. "ɪn ðə kˈwɔrtər wi wɛnt aʊt ənd ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ɑr wɪl ɔn ðə dɪˈfɛns, ənd pʊt əp səm pɔɪnts," sɪz ˈrɑkoʊ. "wi ʃoʊd haʊ ˈspɛʃəl wi kən bi ɔn əˈfɛns ɪn ðət kˈwɔrtər." ˈsinjər waɪd rɪˈsivər krɪs bərd hæd 9 ˈkæʧɪz fər 112 jɑrdz, waɪl tɪm smɪθ ˈædɪd 101 jɑrdz ɔn faɪv rɪˈsɛpʃənz. "ˈmɛrələnd ɪz ə ˈprɪti təf ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt," sɪz bərd. "wi hæv ə ˈbɪtər ˈraɪvəlri goʊɪŋ ɔn bɪtˈwin ˈjuˈɛs, ənd ɪts ə bɪg wɪn. ɪt gɪvz ˈjuˈɛs sɪks wɪnz, ənd wɪr boʊl ˈɛlɪʤəbəl. wi ʤɪst keɪm aʊt hir ənd gɑt ɪt dən." ˈʤunjər ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈpɛri ʤoʊnz ˈkɛrid ðə bɔl 22 taɪmz fər 139 jɑrdz ənd tu ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz əˈgɛnst ðə terps*. vərˈʤɪnjə ɪz naʊ ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ɪn ðə acc*, ənd hoʊst duk nɛkst ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ æt 3 piɛm.
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the virginia football team won 31-13 at maryland saturday afternoon, and became bowl eligible for the first time since 2007.
the win also marks the first victory for the cavaliers in the month of november in four years, ending a 13 game losing streak in the month.
head coach mike london says, "it's gratifying to see a group of young men that believe in themselves, and a coaching staff that puts the time and the effort in to really make something significant out of this season."
sophomore quarterback michael rocco threw for 307 yards while completing 23 of 36 passes.
"in the 3rd quarter we went out and imposed our will on the defense, and put up some points," says rocco. "we showed how special we can be on offense in that 3rd quarter."
senior wide receiver kris burd had 9 catches for 112 yards, while tim smith added 101 yards on five receptions.
"maryland is a pretty tough environment," says burd. "we have a bitter rivalry going on between us, and it's a big win. it gives us six wins, and we're bowl eligible. we just came out here and got it done."
junior running back perry jones carried the ball 22 times for 139 yards and two touchdowns against the terps.
virginia is now 6-3 overall, 3-2 in the acc, and host duke next saturday at 3 pm.
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wi hæv ʤɪst θri ˈfʊlˌtaɪm ˈtiʧɪŋ ˈfækəlti ˈmɛmbərz æt. wi rɪˈsiv məʧ mɔr ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ɑr ənd ðən ðə θri əv ˈjuˈɛs kən ˈpɑsəbli mit ɔn ɑr oʊn. soʊ kriˈeɪtɪd ðə ˈtiʧɪŋ ˈfɛloʊˌʃɪp tɪ hɛlp mit ðət dɪˈmænd. brɪŋ ə smɔl grup əv ˈtiʧərz ənd ˈkoʊʧɪz tɪ ðə ɔn ən peɪd trɪp ˈoʊvər deɪ ˈwiˌkɪnd tɪ ə) kriˈeɪt kəmˈjunɪti, bi) lərn frəm iʧ ˈəðər, si) lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ənd haʊ ɑr ˈfækəlti wərks wɪθ ˈtiʧərz. æt ðə ɛnd əv ðət ˈwiˌkɪnd, səm əv ðə ˈtiʧɪŋ ˈfɛloʊz wɪl bi ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd tɪ kənˈtɪnju ənd hɛlp ˈtiʧərz lərn haʊ tɪ juz ɑr tulz ɔn ə peɪd, ˈpɑrtˈtaɪm, ənd ˈflɛksəbəl ˈbeɪsɪs. ˈhɛlpɪŋ greɪt ˈpipəl lərn haʊ tɪ juz greɪt tɛkˈnɑləʤi. saʊnz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ, raɪt? klɪk ɔn θru tɪ ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. du ʤun 30
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we have just three full-time teaching faculty members at desmos. we receive much more interest in our trainings and webinars than the three of us can possibly meet on our own. so we’ve created the desmos teaching fellowship to help meet that demand.
we’ll bring a small group of teachers and coaches to the desmos hq on an all-expenses paid trip over veteran’s day weekend to a) create community, b) learn from each other, c) learn more about desmos and how our faculty works with teachers. at the end of that weekend, some of the teaching fellows will be invited to continue and help teachers learn how to use our tools on a paid, part-time, and flexible basis.
helping great people learn how to use great technology. sounds interesting, right? click on through to the application. it’s due june 30.
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frəm ðə prɑmz tɪ glastonbury*, ðə mˈjuzɪk həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ɛz ˈklɪrli baɪ lɪv mˈjuzɪk ɛz ˈbɛˈsɛlɪŋ rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz ənd stɑr baɪˈɑgrəfiz. ðə rɪʧ ˈhɪstəri əv ɑr mˈjuzɪkəl ˈspeɪsɪz ˌɪˈluməˌneɪts ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ən əreɪ əv mˈjuzɪkəl staɪlz ənd ðɛr ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnˌtɛksts. bət ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin mˈjuzɪk ˈmeɪkərz ənd ˈpɑləsiˌmeɪkərz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn pleɪn ˈseɪlɪŋ ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli wɪn nu ˈʒɑnrəz bərst ˈɪntu ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈkɑnʃəsnəs. ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ˈglæˌskoʊ ˈsɪti 1956 dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ bæn rɑk ‘‘n’*’ roʊl ʃoʊz frəm ɪts ˈvɛnuz, ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər əv ɪts ˈsɪti hɔlz dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈsteɪtɪd: wi du nɑt θɪŋk ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˈdænsɪŋ kən du ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛni gʊd. ɪn ˈɛni keɪs, ðɛr ər ˈdeɪnʤərz wɪʧ kən rɪˈzəlt ɪn ˈtrəbəl ənd ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ˈprɑpərti. wi hæv ɪkˈspɪriəns əv wət kən ˈhæpənz wɪn ðɪs rɑk ‘‘n’*’ roʊl teɪks pleɪs. bət baɪ ðə mɪd 1960s*, əv kɔrs, rɑk wɑz ˈfərmli ɪˈstæblɪʃt θruaʊt ðə ˈkəntri ɛz tʊk ɪt ˈɪntu ˈθiətərz ənd ˈsɪnəməz. baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈdɛkeɪd, pɪŋk flɔɪd hæd pleɪd æt ðə kwin ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ hɔl ənd ðə ˈroʊlɪŋ stoʊnz hæd steɪʤd ə ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd ˈkɑnsərt ɪn haɪd pɑrk. frəm mɑrˈki tɪ ˈkævərn, ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈvɛnuz əv ðət ˈɪrə bɪˈkeɪm ɛz ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ɛz ðə ækts ðət pleɪd ðɛm. ðə ˈstudənt ˈjunjən ˈsərkət bɪˈkeɪm ə fər ə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv prəˈmoʊtərz, səʧ ɛz ˈhɑrvi ˈgoʊldsˌmɪθ, ənd ðə saɪt əv ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri gɪgz, ɪgˈzɛmpləˌfaɪd baɪ ðə lɪv æt lidz ɪn 1970 ˈʧælənʤɪŋ taɪmz lɪv ɪˈvɛnts, əˈkrɔs ɔl ˈʒɑnrəz, ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsɛntrəl tɪ ðə mˈjuzɪk ɪˈkɑnəmi. ɪn 2008 ˈrɛvəˌnuz frəm lɪv mˈjuzɪk ˌoʊvərˈtʊk rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ, bɪˈkəmɪŋ ən ˈɛvər mɔr ɛˈsɛnʃəl pɑrt əv musicians’*’ ˈlaɪvliˌhʊdz. ənd soʊ ə ˈgreɪtər nid ðən ˈɛvər fər ə reɪnʤ əv ˈvɛnuz, frəm pəbz θru tɪ ərˈinəz, fər ˈflɛʤlɪŋ ækts tɪ ˈprɑˌgrɛs θru ɛz ðeɪ groʊ ðɛr ˈɔdiəns. bət ˈvaɪtəl pɑrts əv ðɪs lɪv mˈjuzɪk ɪˈkɑləʤi hæv ˈsəfərd ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz. ˈgræsˈruts ˈvɛnuz ər rən ɔn taɪt ˈmɑrʤənz, ənd hæv bɪn ˈəndər ˈprɛʃər fər səm taɪm frəm ɪkˈstərnəl ˈfæktərz səʧ ɛz ˈraɪzɪŋ kɔsts ənd ˌʤɛntrɪfɪˈkeɪʃən. ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz, ðə sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈpɑləsi ˈkɑntɛkst kən æd tɪ ðə ˈbərdən. ˈivɪn wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈaʊˈtraɪt səˈspɪʃən ɔn dɪˈspleɪ ˈoʊvər rɑk ‘‘n’*’ roʊl ɪn ðə 1950s*, ˈloʊkəl authorities’*’ ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈpɑləsiz kən ˈmɪlɪˌteɪt əˈgɛnst ə ˈhɛlθi mˈjuzɪk sin ɪf kɛr ˈteɪkən tɪ prəˈtɛkt ɪt. bɪtˈwin 2007 ənd 2015 ˈləndən lɔst 35 əv ɪts ˈgræsˈruts ˈvɛnuz. ðɪs bruɪŋ ˈkraɪsəs ˈprɑmptɪd ə rɪˈspɑns, ənd ðə mˈjuzɪk ˈvɛnju trəst, fɔrmd ɪn 2014 wərkt tɪ pʊʃ ðə ˈɪʃu əp ðə ˈpɑləsi əˈʤɛndə, wɪθ ðə meɪər əv ˈɔfəs tɪ fɔrm ə mˈjuzɪk ˈvɛnju ˈrɛskju plæn ənd əˈpɔɪnt ə naɪt meɪər tɪ ˈʧæmpiən ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. ðə mˈjuzɪk ˈvɛnju ˈrisərʧ ʃoʊz ðət ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈvɛnuz ɪn ðə ˈkæpɪtəl ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2017 wɑz ˈsteɪbəl fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn tɛn jɪrz. bət ɪt teɪks ə kənˈsərtɪd ˈɛfərt, ənd ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪz fər ˈvɛnuz əp ənd daʊn ðə ˈkəntri wɪθ θˈrɛtənd ˈkloʊʒərz naʊ ə pərˈsɪstənt rɪˈfreɪn. ðə ˌrivˈju əv ˈbɪznɪs reɪts kʊd si ə raɪz ɪn ðə ˈlɛvəl əv reɪts ðeɪ wɪl peɪ əv əp tɪ 55 fər səm mˈjuzɪk ˈvɛnuz, ðɪs kʊd ˈizəli bi ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin steɪɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl ər goʊɪŋ ˈəndər. ðɪs ʤɪst bi ə lɔs tɪ ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. ˈloʊkəl ˈvɛnuz ər ə ˈkəlʧərəl ɛz wɛl ɛz ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈrisɔrs. ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ənd mˈjuzɪkəl ˈnɛtˌwərks ðeɪ haʊs ər nɑt ˈizəli ˌriˈpleɪst ənd ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˈspeɪsɪz, ˈəltəmətli, dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ˈhɛlθi ˈgræsˈruts fər ˈhɛˌdlaɪnərz. ðə ˈʧælənʤɪz ər ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd, ənd feɪs ˈvɛnuz əv ɔl kaɪnz. ə skwiz ɔn ˈfəndɪŋ həz sin ˈloʊkəl əˈθɔrətiz rɪˈdus ðɛr ˈspɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə ɑrts, ənd mˈjuzɪk ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfeɪsɪz ən ənˈsərtən fˈjuʧər. ðə lɪv mˈjuzɪk ðə steɪt əv əˈfɛrz, ðɛn, ɪz ˈfaɪnli ˈbælənst. ɔn ðə wən hænd, lɪv mˈjuzɪk ɪn ðə ɪz ən ˌɪˈmɛns ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd ˈkəlʧərəl ˈæˌsɛt, ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm ˈtʊˌrɪzəm ənd ˈsɪvɪk praɪd tɪ sɔft paʊər. ɔn ðə ˈəðər, ðə kənˈdɪʃənz fər ˈvɛnuz ənd mˈjuzɪk ˈmeɪkərz kɔl fər ə ˈkɛrfəli ˈkæləˌbreɪtəd rɪˈspɑns frəm ˈpɑləsiˌmeɪkərz tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈtɛnʧənz. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən fər ə tim frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz əv ˈɛdənbəroʊ, ˈglæˌskoʊ ənd ˈnuˌkæsəl tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ðə fərst ˈnæʃənəl mˈjuzɪk ˈsɛnsəs. ə sˈnæpˌʃɑt ˈsɛnsəs əv lɪv mˈjuzɪk əˈkrɔs sɪks ˈsɪtiz ˈglæˌskoʊ, ˈnuˌkæsəl, lidz, ˈɑksfərd, ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən ənd ˈbraɪtən ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ mɑrʧ 9 wɪl ˈgæðər ˈdætə ənd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˈɔdiənsəz æt gɪgz ənd ˈkɑnsərts əˈkrɔs ˈʒɑnrəz ənd ˈvɛnuz taɪps, frəm ˈoʊpən mɪk ˈsɛʃənz ɪn pəbz, θru ˈsɪti hɔlz tɪ ən ˈɑli ərˈinə ʃoʊ. ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd ˈsərˌveɪz əv ˈɔdiənsəz, mjuˈzɪʃənz, ˈvɛnuz ənd prəˈmoʊtərz ˈrənɪŋ ənˈtɪl meɪ wɪl prəˈvaɪd ðə ˈbrɔdər ˈkɑntɛkst, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə æˈnælɪsɪs. ðə ˈrisərʧ tim həz kənˈsəltɪd wɪθ ə reɪnʤ əv ki mˈjuzɪk ˈɪndəstri ənd ˈʧɛrɪti ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz tɪ əraɪv æt ə sɛt əv kˈwɛsʧənz ðət ˈkæpʧərz ðə fʊl ˈspɛktrəm əv ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ə weɪ ðət wɪl bi ˈæpləkəbəl tɪ drɔɪŋ əp ˈpɑləsi ɔn ə ˈloʊkəl ənd ˈnæʃənəl skeɪl. ˈivɪn ɪn taɪmz, ˈgəvərnmənt kən stɪl faɪnd weɪz tɪ səˈpɔrt lɪv mˈjuzɪk ɪf ɪt həz ðə raɪt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. lɔrd ˈklɛmənt ʤoʊnz, ə ˈdraɪvɪŋ fɔrs bɪˈhaɪnd 2012 ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən tɪ fəˈsɪləˌteɪt lɪv mˈjuzɪk, ˈnoʊtɪd ðə ˈvælju əv up-to-date*, ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən: lɪv mˈjuzɪk ɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈʧælənʤɪz æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt, frəm ˈvɛnuz ˈkloʊzɪŋ daʊn tɪ ðə θrɛt əv ˌɪnˈkrist ˈbɪznɪs reɪts. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈdætə əˈbaʊt ðə ˈsɛktər həz soʊ fɑr bɪn ˈrɛlətɪvli skɛrs ənd ˈmoʊstli ˌænɪkˈdoʊtəl, ənd soʊ ðə məʧ ˈnidɪd ˈdætə kəˈlɛktəd baɪ lɪv mˈjuzɪk ˈsɛnsəs wɪl hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs prəˈtɛkt lɪv mˈjuzɪk goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə fˈjuʧər. ˈpʊlɪŋ təˈgɛðər dɪˈvərs ˈvɔɪsɪz frəm əˈkrɔs ðə lɪv mˈjuzɪk ˈsɛktər tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə koʊˈhisɪv ˈpɪkʧər əv ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɪl hɛlp tɪ ˈseɪfˌgɑrd ðə rʊts frəm pəb tɪ ˈsteɪdiəm ðət hæv ɛnˈrɪʧt ɑr ˈnæʃənəl ˈkəlʧər ənˈtɪl naʊ. tɪ teɪk pɑrt ɪn ðə lɪv mˈjuzɪk ˈsɛnsəs, kəmˈplit ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈsərˌveɪz frəm mɑrʧ 9 tɪ meɪ 8 hɛlp tɪ bɪld ðə ˈpɪkʧər θru ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə baɪ ˈsɛndɪŋ ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˈɛni gɪgz ər kləbz æt ɔn mɑrʧ 9 tɪ (ˈfeɪsˌbʊk, tˈwɪtər, instagram*).
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from the proms to glastonbury, the uk’s music has always been as clearly characterised by live music as bestselling recordings and star biographies. the rich history of our musical spaces illuminates the evolution of an array of musical styles and their social contexts.
but the relationship between music makers and policymakers hasn’t always been plain sailing particularly when new genres burst into the public consciousness. explaining glasgow city council’s 1956 decision to ban rock ‘n’ roll shows from its venues, the general manager of its city halls department stated:
we do not think this kind of dancing can do us any good. in any case, there are dangers which can result in trouble and damage to property. we have experience of what can happens when this rock ‘n’ roll takes place.
but by the mid 1960s, of course, rock was firmly established throughout the country as impressarios took it into theatres and cinemas. by the end of the decade, pink floyd had played at the queen elizabeth hall and the rolling stones had staged a celebrated concert in hyde park. from london’s marquee to liverpool’s cavern, many of the venues of that era became as iconic as the acts that played them. the student union circuit became a seedbed for a generation of promoters, such as harvey goldsmith, and the site of legendary gigs, exemplified by the who’s live at leeds in 1970.
challenging times
live events, across all genres, are also central to the uk’s music economy. in 2008, revenues from live music overtook recording, becoming an ever more essential part of musicians’ livelihoods. and so there’s a greater need than ever for a range of venues, from pubs through to arenas, for fledgling acts to progress through as they grow their audience. but vital parts of this live music ecology have suffered in recent years. grassroots venues are run on tight margins, and have been under pressure for some time from external factors such as rising costs and gentrification.
likewise, the surrounding policy context can add to the burden. even without the outright suspicion on display over rock ‘n’ roll in the 1950s, local authorities’ licensing and development policies can militate against a healthy music scene if care isn’t taken to protect it.
between 2007 and 2015, london lost 35% of its grassroots venues. this brewing crisis prompted a response, and the music venue trust, formed in 2014, worked to push the issue up the policy agenda, liaising with the mayor of london’s office to form a music venue rescue plan and appoint a night mayor to champion the city’s night-time economy.
the music venue trust’s research shows that the number of venues in the capital in january 2017 was stable for the first time in ten years. but it takes a concerted effort, and the situation is febrile for venues up and down the country with threatened closures now a persistent refrain.
the government’s review of business rates could see a rise in the level of rates they will pay of up to 55%. for some music venues, this could easily be the difference between staying operational or going under. this wouldn’t just be a loss to the economy. local venues are a cultural as well as an economic resource. the social and musical networks they house are not easily replaced and the larger spaces, ultimately, depend on healthy grassroots for tomorrow’s headliners.
the challenges are widespread, and face venues of all kinds. a squeeze on funding has seen local authorities reduce their spending on the arts, and music education also faces an uncertain future.
soundchecking the uk’s live music
the state of affairs, then, is finely balanced. on the one hand, live music in the uk is an immense economic and cultural asset, driving everything from tourism and civic pride to soft power. on the other, the conditions for venues and music makers call for a carefully calibrated response from policymakers to manage the ongoing tensions.
this is the motivation for a team from the universities of edinburgh, glasgow and newcastle to conduct the world’s first national music census. a snapshot census of live music across six cities glasgow, newcastle, leeds, oxford, southampton and brighton on thursday march 9 will gather observational data and information about audiences at gigs and concerts across genres and venues types, from open mic sessions in pubs, through city halls to an olly murs arena show.
online nationwide surveys of audiences, musicians, venues and promoters running until may will provide the broader context, along with social media analysis. the research team has consulted with a range of key music industry and charity organisations to arrive at a set of questions that captures the full spectrum of activity in a way that will be applicable to drawing up policy on a local and national scale.
even in straitened times, government can still find ways to support live music if it has the right information. lord clement jones, a driving force behind 2012lation to facilitate live music, noted the value of up-to-date, comprehensive information:
live music is facing a number of challenges at the moment, from venues closing down to the threat of increased business rates. however, data about the sector has so far been relatively scarce and mostly anecdotal, and so the much needed data collected by uk live music census will help us protect live music going into the future.
pulling together diverse voices from across the live music sector to provide a cohesive picture of the situation will help to safeguard the routes from pub to stadium that have enriched our national culture until now.
to take part in the uk live music census, complete the online surveys from march 9 to may 8. help to build the picture through social media by sending photos or information about any gigs or clubs you’re at on march 9 to @ukmusiccensus (facebook, twitter, instagram).
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ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən ðə ˈpɑləˌtɪks əv ɪz ə ˈmɪrər. wən lʊks ˈɪntu ɪt tɪ faɪnd ˈɪnˌsaɪt ənd ˈoʊnli faɪndz aɪˈdilz rɪˈflɛktɪd bæk. wən maɪt seɪ ðət ɪn əˈproʊʧɪŋ wɪθ ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈspɪrɪt, wən wɪl si ə ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən əv dɪˈmɑkrəsi; ɪn əˈproʊʧɪŋ wɪθ ən ərˌɪstəˈkrætɪk ˈspɪrɪt, wən wɪl si ə ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən əv ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi. wət dɪz ˈrɪli seɪ əˈbaʊt ˈpɑləˌtɪks? ɪt ɪz ə ˈkɑmplɛks ˈɪʃu wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈfæsəts; tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd wət dɪz seɪ, wən həz tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt əˈweɪ wət əˈpruv əv ˈplɪtɪkli. ˈænərˌki fərst lʊk æt ˈænərˌki. ˈpipəl kleɪm ðət ɪf ˈɛvəri ˈpərsən ɪz duɪŋ ðɛr oʊn wɪl ðɛr wʊd bi noʊ ˈɔrdər ənd ɪt wʊd bi kəmˈplit keɪɑs. əˈgɛnst ðɪs, ˈkraʊli ɪkˈspleɪnz ðə ˈneɪʧər əv wɪl, həz ˈnæʧərəli bɪn əˈbʤɛktəd baɪ ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts ðət ɑr lɔ, ɪn dɪˈklɛrɪŋ ˈɛvəri mæn ənd ˈɛvəri ˈwʊmən tɪ bi ə stɑr, rɪˈdusɪz soʊˈsaɪɪti tɪ ɪts ˈɛləmənts, ənd meɪks ˈhaɪˌrɑrki ər ˈivɪn dɪˈmɑkrəsi ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl. ðə vju ɪz ˌsupərˈfɪʃəl. iʧ stɑr həz ə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn ɪts ˈgæləksi ˈprɑpər tɪ ɪts oʊn ˈneɪʧər. məʧ ˈmɪsʧəf həz kəm frəm ɑr ˈɪgnərəns ɪn ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ, ɔn ðə ˈkɑntrɛri, ðət iʧ ˈsɪtɪzən ɪz fɪt fər ˈɛni ənd ˈɛvəri ˈsoʊʃəl duty”*” (ðə lɔ ɪz fər ɔl, ðɛr ɪz ə ˈʤɛnərəl aɪˈdiə ɪn ðət iʧ stɑr ɛz ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈɔrbət ər kɔrs. ˌɪmˈplaɪz ðə ˈfridəm tɪ du wɪl bət ˈɔlsoʊ ðə səˈvɪr riˈstrɪkʃən əv ˈoʊnli duɪŋ wɪl; ɪz ðə əˌpɑθiˈoʊsəs əv ˈfridəm; bət ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈstrɪktəst ˈpɑsəbəl bond”*” ii*: ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ əv ðə ˈmæstər therion”*”), fər hæst noʊ raɪt bət tɪ du ðaɪ will”*” æl ˈkraʊli ˈɔfən meɪks ðə əˈnæləʤi ðət ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ ðə steɪt ɪz laɪk ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ ðə ˈbɑdi. ɪt məst pərˈfɔrm ðə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪt ɪz ˈifɛktɪv æt, nɑt əˈtɛmpt tɪ pərˈfɔrm ə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪt ɪz nɑt fɪt fər, ənd nɑt kənˈsərn ˌɪtˈsɛlf wɪθ ðə ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ əv ðə ˈəðər pɑrts. ˈɛvəri ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ɪn ðə steɪt məst bi ˈpərˌfɪkt ɪn hɪz oʊn ˈfəŋkʃən, wɪθ kənˈtɛntmənt, riˈspɛktɪŋ hɪz oʊn tæsk ɛz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ənd ˈhoʊli, nɑt ˈɛnviəs əv another’s*. fər soʊ ˈoʊnli ðaʊ bɪld əp ə fri steɪt, huz dɪˈrɛktɪŋ wɪl ʃæl bi ˈsɪŋgli dɪˈrɛktɪd tɪ ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr əv all”*” ˈɑləf, rerum”*”). ˈðɛrˌfɔr dɪz nɑt ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ˈænərˌki ɛz ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈsɪstəm bɪˈkəz iʧ stɑr ɛz ˈsərtən kˈwɑlətiz, əˈbɪləˌtiz, proʊˈklɪvətiz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. wɪʧ meɪk ɪt fɪt fər ə ˈsərtən ˈfəŋkʃən; iʧ stɑr məst goʊ ɪts ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr kɔrs, ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ɔn ɪts ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ, ənd ɛˈsɛnʃəli maɪnd ɪts oʊn ˈbɪznɪs. ʤɪst ɛz ðə ˈdɪfərənt ˈɔrgənz pərˈfɔrm ˈdɪfərənt ˈfəŋkʃənz jɛt wərk təˈgɛðər tɪ ˈproʊdus ə ˈwərkɪŋ ˈbɑdi, soʊ ˈɔlsoʊ dɪz ðə ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv iʧ stɑr ɔn ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪts ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr kɔrs əˈlaʊ fər ə ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ steɪt ər ˈivɪn ˈmænˈkaɪnd. ɛz ˈkraʊli sɪz, ɪz ˈʤɛnərəli ˌəndərˈstʊd baɪ ɔl mɛn əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ðət ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈwɛlˌfɛr ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ ðə haɪəst dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ðə particular”*” ɪˈpɪsəl kənˈsərnɪŋ ðə lɔ əv thelema”*”). dɪz ɪnˈkərəʤ ðə əˈtɑnəmi əv ˈɛvəri ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ənd ðə dɪˈvərsɪti əv ɪkˈsprɛʃənz, jɛt ðət dɪz nɑt ɪkˈsklud ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈpipəl ˌvɑlənˈtɛrəli biɪŋ ə pɑrt əv ˈvɛriəs ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz (ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl, ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl, ˌgəvərnˈmɛntəl, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.). dɪˈmɑkrəsi naʊ lʊk æt dɪˈmɑkrəsi. ðə ɪkˈwɑləti əv ɔl ˈpipəl, ðə ˈprɑbləm əv ɪˈlɛktɪd əˈfɪʃəlz, ənd ðə ˌsɪməˈlɛrəti əv ɔl ˈpipəl ər ɔl θɪŋz wɪʧ dɪz nɑt əkˈsɛpt. ˈfərstli, ˈmɛni ˈpipəl kwoʊt mæn ənd ˈɛvəri ˈwʊmən ɪz ə star”*” ɛz ə ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən əv dɪˈmɑkrəsi. sɪns ˈɛvəri mæn ənd ˈɛvəri ˈwʊmən ɪz ə stɑr, wi ər ɔl ˈikwəl. əˈsərts ðət ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz ˈikwəl ɪn ðɛr ˈɛsəns; ðə kwɪnˈtɛsəns əv ˈɛvəri stɑr ɪz ˈgɑˌdhɛd. dɪz nɑt əˈsərt ðət ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz ˈikwəl ˈfəŋkʃənəli: ˈdɪfərənt ˈpipəl hæv ˈdɪfərənt əˈbɪləˌtiz, detriments*, ənd ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz. ɛz ˈkraʊli pʊts səkˈsɪŋktli, ɪz ˈjusləs tɪ priˈtɛnd ðət mɛn ər ˈikwəl; fækts ər əˈgɛnst ɪt. ənd wi ər nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ steɪ, dəl ənd kənˈtɛntɪd ɛz ˈɑksən, ɪn ðə rək əv humanity”*” (ðə lɔ ɪz fər ɔl, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈpipəl ər nɑt ˈikwəl ɪn ðə sɛns əv ðɛr əˈbɪləˌtiz, dɪz əˈsərt ðət ˈɛvəri ˈpərsən həz ə raɪt tɪ lɪv, daɪ, it, drɪŋk, muv, θɪŋk, kriˈeɪt, ənd ləv ɛz ðeɪ wɪl ˈɛvəri ˈpərsən həz ðə ˈæbsəˌlut ənd ˈikwəl raɪt tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ ðɛr wɪlz. lɔ ɪz fər all,”*,” ˈæftər ɔl æl ˈfərðər, əˈgriz wɪθ dɪˈmɑkrəsi ɪn ˈtritɪŋ iʧ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ɛz ˈsɑvrən ənd riˈspɑnsəbəl. wən ˈrizən ðət ˈkraʊli ˌəndərˈstændz dɪˈmɑkrəsi tɪ bi ˌɪnɪˈfɛktɪv ɪz ðət ɪt rikˈwaɪərz ðə mæs, ðə mɑb, tɪ ɪˈlɛkt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz. ɪz əˈgɛnst ənd mob-morality*. ɪn æl ɪt ˈpleɪnli sɪz, ər əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpipəl, oʊ maɪ chosen!”*!” ˈkraʊli raɪts, ˈævərɪʤ ˈvoʊtər ɪz ə ˈmɔˌrɑn. hi bɪˈlivz wət hi ridz ɪn ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz, fidz hɪz ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən ənd ləlz hɪz riˈprɛʃənz ɔn ðə ˈsɪnəmə, ənd hoʊps tɪ breɪk əˈweɪ frəm hɪz sˈleɪvəri baɪ ˈfʊtˌbɔl pulz, ˈpraɪzɪz, ər ˈspɑtɪŋ ðə ˈwɪnər əv ðə hi ɪz ˈɪgnərənt ɛz noʊ ˌɪˈlɪtərət ˈpɛzənt ɪz ˈɪgnərənt: hi həz noʊ paʊər əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt θɔt. hi ɪz ðə preɪ əv ˈpænɪk. bət hi həz ðə voʊt. ðə mɛn ɪn paʊər kən ˈoʊnli ˈgəvərn baɪ stæmˈpidɪŋ ɪm ˈɪntu wɔrz, pleɪɪŋ ɔn hɪz fɪrz ənd ˈprɛʤədɪsɪz ənˈtɪl hi ɪn riˈprɛsɪv ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən əˈgɛnst hɪz ˈɑbviəs ˈɪntərɪsts, pleɪɪŋ ɔn hɪz ˈvænɪti ənˈtɪl hi ɪz ˈtoʊtəli blaɪnd tɪ hɪz oʊn ˈmɪzəri ənd serfdom*. ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈmɛθəd ɪz ˌəndɪsˈgaɪzd dragooning*. ɪn brif, wi ˈgəvərn baɪ ə ˈmɪksʧər əv laɪɪŋ ənd bullying”*” ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk səˈluʃən əv ðə ˈprɑbləm əv government”*”). ɪn ðɪs weɪ, dɪˈmɑkrəsi (aɪˈrɑnɪkli) ɪnˈkərəʤəz rul baɪ dɪˈsɛpʃən ənd koʊəˈrʃən əv ðə. ɪt dɪz nɑt ɪnˈʤɛndər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈprɑˌgrɛs. dɪˈmɑkrəsi kən lɛd tɪ ðə ‘‘bully’*’ ˈgeɪnɪŋ paʊər bət ɪt kən ˈɔlsoʊ lɛd tɪ ðə ˌmidiˈoʊkər ˈgeɪnɪŋ paʊər. ˈkraʊli raɪts, ˈprɪnsəpəl əv ˈpɑpjələr ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪz ə ˈfeɪtəl ˈfɑli; ɪts rɪˈzəlts ər ˈvɪzəbəl ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈsoʊˈkɔld dɪˈmɑkrəsi. ðə ɪˈlɛktɪd mæn ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ðə ˌmidiˈɑkrəti; hi ɪz ðə seɪf mæn, ðə saʊnd mæn, ðə mæn hu ðə məˈʤɔrəti lɛs ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər; ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈnɛvər ðə ˈʤinjəs, ðə mæn əv ˈprɑˌgrɛs ənd illumination”*” cxciv*: ən wɪθ ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən əv ðə order”*”). wɪn ðə məˈʤɔrəti ɪz ɪn paʊər ɪt ɪz ənd ðə eccentrics,”*,” hu ər ðə ril mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən əv ənd illumination”*” ər ˈnɛvər ɪˈlɛktɪd bɪˈkəz ðə məˈʤɔrəti wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪˈlɛkt ðə ˈkɑmən dɪˈnɑməˌneɪtər. ðɪs ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ nɑt kənˈdusɪv tɪ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈprɑˌgrɛs. ˈkəmɪŋ bæk tɪ ðə aɪˈdiə ðət iʧ ˈpərsən həz ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈfəŋkʃən fər ɪt tɪ fʊlˈfɪl ə stɑr wɪθ ə ˈsərtən kɔrs tɪ rən wʊd bi əˈgɛnst ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈlɛvəlɪŋ əv ɔl ˈpipəl tɪ ˌjunəˈfɔrməti ðət ɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ dɪˈmɑkrəsi. wi tɛl ɑr kɪdz ðeɪ kən groʊ əp tɪ bi ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bət əˈgɛn, stɑr həz ə ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn ɪts ˈgæləksi ˈprɑpər tɪ ɪts oʊn ˈneɪʧər. məʧ ˈmɪsʧəf həz kəm frəm ɑr ˈɪgnərəns ɪn ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ, ɔn ðə ˈkɑntrɛri, ðət iʧ ˈsɪtɪzən ɪz fɪt fər ˈɛni ənd ˈɛvəri ˈsoʊʃəl duty”*” (ðə lɔ ɪz fər ɔl, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪn ˈθɪri, ðɛr ər pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈɪnfənət ˈpɑsəbəl ˈkɔrsɪz əv ˈækʃən, iʧ ˈpərsən məst ˌəndərˈstænd ðɛr oʊn ˈtɛndənsiz, draɪvz, ənd proʊˈklɪvətiz tɪ faɪnd ðət ‘‘function’*’ wɪʧ fɪts ðɛm. ðɪs lɑrʤ ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən əv ˈmɛni taɪps əv ˈpipəl əˈlaʊz fər ˈprɑˌgrɛs. ˈkraʊli raɪts, ˈɔlsoʊ ɪz ðə vɔɪs əv tru saɪəns, kraɪɪŋ əˈlaʊd ðət ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən ɪz ðə ki əv ˌɛvəˈluʃən. ɑrt ˈkəmɪθ ðə θərd, pərˈsivɪŋ ˈbjuti ɪn ðə ˈhɑrməni əv ðə dɪˈvərs. noʊ ðɛn, oʊ maɪ sən, ðət ɔl lɔz, ɔl ˈsɪstəmz, ɔl ˈkəstəmz, ɔl aɪˈdilz ənd ˈstændərdz wɪʧ tɛnd tɪ ˈproʊdus ˌjunəˈfɔrməti, ər ɪn dɪˈrɛkt ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ wɪl tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ənd tɪ dɪˈvɛləp θru vərˈaɪəti, ənd ər accursed*. du ðaʊ wɪθ ɔl ðaɪ maɪt əv ˈmænˌhʊd straɪv əˈgɛnst ðiz ˈfɔrsɪz, fər ðeɪ rɪˈzɪst ʧeɪnʤ, wɪʧ ɪz laɪf; ənd ðəs ðeɪ ər əv death.”*.” ˈɑləf, liʤ motus”*”) ˈbeɪsɪkli, ɪnˈkərəʤəz ˈmæksəməm ˈpɑsəbəl ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən fər ðə əˈkɑmplɪʃmənt əv dɪˈvərs ˈfəŋkʃənz. ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi naʊ wi tərn tɪ ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi maɪt əˈlaɪn wɪθ ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi ɪn səm weɪ? ˈmɛni wɪl moʊst ˈlaɪkli pɔɪnt tɪ maɪ ˈsərvənts bi fju ˈsikrɪt: ðeɪ ʃæl rul ðə ˈmɛni ðə known”*” æl tɪ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ðə ərˌɪstəˈkrætɪk ˈtɛndənsiz əv. ˈfərstli, ˈkraʊli raɪts, ˈθɪriz əv dɪˈvaɪn raɪt, ərˌɪstəˈkrætɪk ˌsupɪriˈɔrɪti, ðə ˈmɔrəl ˈɔrdər əv ˈneɪʧər, ər ɔl təˈdeɪ ɪkˈsploʊdɪd bləfs. ˈivɪn ðoʊz əv ˈjuˈɛs hu bɪˈliv ɪn ˌsupərˈnæʧərəl ˈsæŋkʃənz fər ɑr ˈprɪvɪˌlɪʤɪz tɪ ˈbraʊˌbit ənd rɑb ðə ˈpipəl noʊ ˈlɔŋgər dɪˈlud ɑrˈsɛlvz wɪθ ðə θɔt ðət ɑr ˈvɪktɪmz ʃɛr ɑr ˌsupərˈstɪʃənz. ˈivɪn ˈdɪkteɪtərz ˌəndərˈstænd ðɪs. ˌmusoʊˈlini həz traɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈdus ðə goʊst əv ˈeɪnʧənt roʊm tɪ strət ðə steɪʤ ɪn ðə ˈɪmɪʤ əv ˈʤuljəs ˈsizər; ˈhɪtlər həz ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd ə əv ˈnɑnsɛns əˈbaʊt ənd aryans*; ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ˈivɪn priˈtɛndz tɪ bɪˈliv ˈiðər, ɪkˈsɛpt θru ðə ““will-to-believe.”*.” ənd ðə ɪz ˈvɪzəbli ˈbreɪkɪŋ daʊn ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk səˈluʃən əv ðə ˈprɑbləm əv government”*”). ɪn ðɪs sɛns, ˈsərtənli əˈpruv əv ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi ˈfaʊndɪd ɔn ˈvɛriəs ˌsupərˈstɪʃənz. ˈkəmɪŋ bæk tɪ ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn ðə ˈfɪtnəs əv iʧ ˈpərsən fər ðɛr ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈfəŋkʃən, ɪts ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ə mɛrɪˈtɔkrəsi (ə ˈsɪstəm wɛr ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪz beɪst ɔn əˈkɑmplɪʃmənts) kʊd əˈlaɪn ˈkloʊsli. ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ˈpipəl wʊd ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəli ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn ðə ˈɛriəz wɛr ðeɪ ʃoʊd ˈæptəˌtud fər ədˈvænsmənt. ˈfərðər, ðə ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi meɪ tərn ˈɪntu ə ˈtɪrəni. ɪz ˈsərtənli əˈgɛnst ðə ˈtaɪrənt hu dɪˈnaɪz ˈəðərz ðɛr raɪts tɪ ðɛr oʊn ædˈvæntɪʤ ˈɛvriˌwən həz ðə ˈæbsəˌlut raɪt tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ ðɛr wɪlz. ˈkraʊli ˈivɪn ˈmɛnʃənz tyrannicide”*” (ˈlɛtər tɪ ʤi. jɔrk ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ðə laɪn ɪn oz”*” wɪʧ steɪts həz ðə raɪt tɪ kɪl ðoʊz hu wʊd θwɔrt ðiz rights.”*.” ɪn ʃɔrt, ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ðə raɪt əv mæn tɪ faɪt fər hɪz oʊn ˈfridəm ɪn ðə feɪs əv ˈtɪrəni. ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, wʊd əˈpruv əv ðə daʊɪst kɪŋ ər ðə səˈkrætɪk fər ðɛr rul ɪz beɪst ɔn ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ fɪt iʧ ˈpərsən tɪ ðɛr rɪˈspɛktɪv ˈfəŋkʃənz, jɛt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl ɪn ˈpræktɪs tɪ əˈʃʊr ðə əv ðoʊz ɪn power”*” clxi*: kənˈsərnɪŋ ðə lɔ əv thelema”*”). fər ðɪs ˈrizən, wi məst gɑrd əˈgɛnst ˈtaɪrənts əv ɔl taɪps, əˈspɛʃəli ðə wʊlf hu əˈpɪrz ɪn ʃips ˈkloʊðɪŋ ðət ɪz, ðoʊz hu ˈprɑməs bəˈnɛvələns ˈoʊnli tɪ geɪn paʊər ˈoʊvər ˈəðərz. ˈkəmɪŋ bæk tɪ ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi, wən kʊd seɪ ðət əˈdɑpts ˈmɛni ˈfæsəts əv ðə attitude.”*.” ˈkraʊli raɪts, ki əv ɔl ˈkɑndəkt, ˈʤɛnərəli ˈspikɪŋ, ɪz tɪ meɪk ˈɛvəri ˈkɑmən θɪŋ ˈnoʊbəl, ˈɛvəri smɔl θɪŋ great”*” ˈidən ənd ðə ˈseɪkrɪd oak”*”). hi ˈkɑnstəntli meɪks ˈrɛfərənsɪz tɪ siɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz kɪŋz ənd kwinz, siɪŋ ˈɛvriˌwən ɛz rɔɪəl, ˈnoʊbəl, ənd ˈpərˌfɪkt. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɛz ðə kɪŋz ənd ˈprɪnsɪz, kraʊnd ənd uncrowned*, əv ðɪs wərld, hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz lɪvd, ɛz ˈmæstərz ˈɔlˌweɪz live”*” lɔ əv liberty”*”). ˈɛvəri ˈpərsən ɪz ðə kraʊnd ənd ˈkɑŋkərɪŋ ʧaɪld, dɪˈvɪnəti ˌɪtˈsɛlf wət kʊd bi ə mɔr ˈnoʊbəl ˈætəˌtud? ˈfərðər, æl ɪgˈzɔrts ðə ˈridər tɪ bi strɔŋ, ˈhɛlθi, ˈbjutəfəl, ˈpaʊərfəl; ðə ˈmɔrəl, ˈsoʊʃəl, ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈfridəm ˌɪmˈplaɪd baɪ ðɪs maɪt bi sɛd tɪ bi ““aristrocratic.”*.” ˈɔlsoʊ, ““chivalry”*” ər ““bushido”*” ɪz ˈsɪmələr tɪ ˈætəˌtud ɪn ðət ˈpipəl kən kəmˈpit, kənˈtɛnd, dəˈbeɪt, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ənd stɪl meɪnˈteɪn rɪˈspɛkt fər iʧ ˈəðər. æl dɪˈskraɪbz ðɪs ˈætəˌtud səkˈsɪŋktli: ˈbrəðərz faɪt ye!”*!” æl ðɪs əˈgɛn spərɪŋz aʊt əv ðə attitude”*” ɛnˈʤɛndərd ɪn. bət wət əˈbaʊt sleɪvz ʃæl serve”*” æl ɪf vjuz ɔl ɛz fri, ˈsɑvrən, riˈspɑnsəbəl, ənd ˈnoʊbəl ðɛn waɪ ðə ˈmɛnʃən əv sleɪvz? ɪt ɪz tru ðət ɪz noʊ lɔ bɪɔnd du wət ðaʊ wilt:’*:’ bət ɪt ɪz ˈoʊnli ðə ˈgreɪtəst əv ðə reɪs hu hæv ðə strɛŋθ ənd kərɪʤ tɪ oʊˈbeɪ it”*” liʤ libellum”*”). ɪn ʃɔrt, ðɛr ər ðoʊz hu ər tu ˈrɪdəld wɪθ fɪr tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðə lɔ əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈfridəm ənd riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti ɪt ɪnˈteɪlz. ˈkraʊli raɪts, lɔ ˈtiʧɪz ðət ə stɑr ˈɔfən veɪlz ˌɪtˈsɛlf frəm ɪts ˈneɪʧər. ðəs ðə væst bəlk əv juˈmænɪti ɪz əbˈsɛst baɪ ən ˈæbʤɛkt fɪr əv ˈfridəm; ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl əˈbʤɛkʃənz ˈhɪˌðərˈtu ərʤd əˈgɛnst maɪ lɔ hæv bɪn ðoʊz əv ˈpipəl hu ˈkænɑt bɛr tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ðə ˈhɔrərz wɪʧ wʊd rɪˈzəlt ɪf ðeɪ wər fri tɪ du ðɛr oʊn wɪlz. ðə sɛns əv sɪn, ʃeɪm, self-distrust*, ðɪs ɪz wət meɪks foʊk klɪŋ tɪ christianity-slavery…*… naʊ lɔ ɪz fər all”*”; bət səʧ wɪl ˈrɛfˌjuz it”*” (ðə lɔ ɪz fər ɔl, əˈgɛn hi raɪts, maɪ aɪˈdil steɪt ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz rɪˈspɛktɪd fər wət hi ɪz. ðɛr wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi sleɪvz, ənd ðə sleɪv ɪz tɪ bi dɪˈfaɪnd ɛz hi hu ɪn biɪŋ ə slave”*” (kənˈfɛʃənz, ˈðɛrˌfɔr sleɪvz ɪn ər nɑt ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈsərvənts bət ˈrəðər ðoʊz hu hæv sˈleɪvɪʃ ˈspɪrɪts: ðoʊz hu ˈkænɑt əkˈsɛpt ðə lɔ əv bɪˈkəz əv fɪr əv rɪˈvilɪŋ ðɛr oʊn ˈneɪʧərz, fɪr əv ðə greɪt ˈfridəm əˈlaʊd, ənd fɪr əv ðə greɪt riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti ˈnidɪd tɪ du ˈoʊnli wɪl. kənˈkluʒən ɪn ʃɔrt, meɪn ˈɛθɪkəl ˈprɪnsəpəl [əv ðə bʊk əv ðə lɔ] ɪz ðət iʧ ˈjumən biɪŋ həz hɪz oʊn ˈdɛfənət ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪn laɪf. hi həz ˈɛvəri raɪt tɪ ðɪs ˈpərpəs, ənd nən tɪ du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls. ɪt ɪz ðə ˈbɪznɪs əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti tɪ hɛlp iʧ əv ɪts ˈmɛmbərz tɪ əˈʧiv ðɪs eɪm; ɪn ˈkɑnsəkwəns ɔl rulz ʃʊd bi meɪd, ənd ɔl kˈwɛsʧənz əv ˈpɑləsi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd, baɪ ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ðɪs ˈprɪnsəpəl tɪ ðə circumstances.”*.” (kənˈfɛʃənz, ˈkɑnstəntli əˈsərts ðə nid tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə dɪˈvərs nidz proʊˈklɪvətiz əv iʧ ˈsɪstəm soʊ ðət iʧ pɑrt meɪ fʊlˈfɪl ɪts ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈfəŋkʃən wɪθ ˈmæksəməm ˈifɛktɪvnəs. ɪz jʊr proof”*” æl ɪn ðɪs sɛns, ɪt ɪz ˈhaɪli ɪˈlæstɪk. ɪt əˈdɑpts ˈsɛvərəl ˈtɛnəts əv ˈænərˌki, dɪˈmɑkrəsi, ənd ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi waɪl ædˈmɑnɪʃɪŋ ˈəðərz; ɪt kənˈteɪnz ðɛr ˈɛləmənts bət ɪz nɑt ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ðɛm. ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈfridəm ənd əˈtɑnəmi əv ˈænərˌki ər prəˈpaʊndəd bət ɪts læk əv ɪz ədˈmɑnɪʃt. ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈsɑvrənti ənd ˈikwəl raɪts əv dɪˈmɑkrəsi ər prəˈpaʊndəd bət ɪts herd-mentality*, ˌjunəˈfɔrməti, ənd ˈtɛndənsi tɪ lɛd ˈrulərz tɪ juz dɪˈsɛpʃən ər ədˈmɑnɪʃt. ðə ˈnoʊbəl ˈspɪrɪt ənd ˈmɔrəl ˈfridəm əv ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi ər prəˈpaʊndəd bət ɪts kleɪmz əv ˌɪnˈhɛrənt ˌsupɪriˈɔrɪti (baɪ dɪˈvaɪn raɪt, bərθ, ˈlɪniəʤ, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) ənd ɪts ˈtɛndənsi təˈwɔrdz ˈtɪrəni ər ədˈmɑnɪʃt. ˈkraʊli raɪts, lɔ əv] ədˈmɪts ðət iʧ ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈjumən reɪs ɪz juˈnik, ˈsɑvrən ənd riˈspɑnsəbəl ˈoʊnli tɪ hɪmˈsɛlf. ɪn ðɪs weɪ ɪt ɪz ðə ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈklaɪˌmæks əv ðə aɪˈdiə əv dɪˈmɑkrəsi. jɛt æt ðə seɪm taɪm ɪt ɪz ðə ˈklaɪˌmæks əv ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi baɪ əˈsərtɪŋ iʧ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈikwəli tɪ bi ðə ˈsɛntər əv ðə universe”*” (kənˈfɛʃənz, ɛˈsɛnʃəli, ɪz əˈbaʊt ˈfɪtɪŋ iʧ pɑrt tɪ ɪts ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn ðə hoʊl fər ˈmæksəməm ˈifɛktɪvnəs. meɪ drɔ əˈpɑn ˈmeɪʤər pəˈlɪtɪkəl aɪˈdiəz laɪk ˈænərˌki, dɪˈmɑkrəsi, ənd ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi bət ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ðɛm. ɪt simz, nəˈsɛsɪti wɪl ˈdɪkˌteɪt ðə ˈpɑləˌtɪks əv ɪn ðə ɛnd.
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introduction
the politics of thelema is a mirror. one looks into it to find insight and only finds one’s ideals reflected back. one might say that in approaching thelema with a democratic spirit, one will see a justification of democracy; in approaching thelema with an aristocratic spirit, one will see a justification of aristocracy. what does thelema really say about politics? it is a complex issue with many facets; to understand what thelema does say, one has to separate away what thelema doesn’t approve of politically.
anarchy
let’s first look at anarchy. people claim that if every person is doing their own will there would be no order and it would be complete chaos. against this, crowley explains the nature of will, “it has naturally been objected by economists that our law, in declaring every man and every woman to be a star, reduces society to its elements, and makes hierarchy or even democracy impossible. the view is superficial. each star has a function in its galaxy proper to its own nature. much mischief has come from our ignorance in insisting, on the contrary, that each citizen is fit for any and every social duty” (the law is for all, ii:58). there is a general idea in thelema that each star as a particular orbit or course. thelema implies the freedom to do one’s will but also the severe restriction of only doing one’s will; “it is the apotheosis of freedom; but it is also the strictest possible bond” (“liber ii: the message of the master therion”), for “thou hast no right but to do thy will” (liber al vel legis i:42).
crowley often makes the analogy that a person’s relationship to the state is like a muscle’s relationship to the body. it must perform the function it is effective at, not attempt to perform a function it is not fit for, and not concern itself with the functioning of the other parts. “for every individual in the state must be perfect in his own function, with contentment, respecting his own task as necessary and holy, not envious of another’s. for so only mayst thou build up a free state, whose directing will shall be singly directed to the welfare of all” (liber aleph, “de ordins rerum”). therefore thelema does not justify anarchy as a political system because each star as certain qualities, abilities, proclivities, etc. which make it fit for a certain function; each star must go its particular course, concentrate on its particular functioning, and essentially mind its own business. just as the different organs perform different functions yet work together to produce a working body, so also does the concentration of each star on following its particular course allow for a functioning state – or even mankind. as crowley says, “it is generally understood by all men of education that the general welfare is necessary to the highest development of the particular” (“an epistle concerning the law of thelema”). thelema does encourage the autonomy of every individual and the diversity of expressions, yet that does not exclude the possibility of people voluntarily being a part of various organizations (educational, recreational, governmental, etc.).
democracy
let’s now look at democracy. the equality of all people, the problem of elected officials, and the similarity of all people are all things which thelema does not accept. firstly, many people quote “every man and every woman is a star” as a justification of democracy. since every man and every woman is a star, we are all equal. thelema asserts that everyone is equal in their essence; the quintessence of every star is godhead. thelema does not assert that everyone is equal functionally: different people have different abilities, detriments, and possibilities. as crowley puts succinctly, “it is useless to pretend that men are equal; facts are against it. and we are not going to stay, dull and contented as oxen, in the ruck of humanity” (the law is for all, ii:25). although people are not equal in the sense of their abilities, thelema does assert that every person has a right to live, die, eat, drink, move, think, create, and love as they will – every person has the absolute and equal right to accomplish their wills. “the law is for all,” after all (liber al vel legis i:34)… further, thelema agrees with democracy in treating each individual as sovereign and responsible.
one reason that crowley understands democracy to be ineffective is that it requires the mass, the mob, to elect representatives. thelema is against mob-mentality and mob-morality. in liber al vel legis(ii:25) it plainly says, “ye are against the people, o my chosen!” crowley writes, “the average voter is a moron. he believes what he reads in newspapers, feeds his imagination and lulls his repressions on the cinema, and hopes to break away from his slavery by football pools, cross-word prizes, or spotting the winner of the 3.30. he is ignorant as no illiterate peasant is ignorant: he has no power of independent thought. he is the prey of panic. but he has the vote. the men in power can only govern by stampeding him into wars, playing on his fears and prejudices until he acquiesces in repressive legislation against his obvious interests, playing on his vanity until he is totally blind to his own misery and serfdom. the alternative method is undisguised dragooning. in brief, we govern by a mixture of lying and bullying” (“the scientific solution of the problem of government”). in this way, democracy (ironically) encourages rule by deception and coercion of the mob-mentality. it does not engender political progress.
democracy can lead to the ‘bully’ gaining power but it can also lead to the mediocre gaining power. crowley writes, “the principle of popular election is a fatal folly; its results are visible in every so-called democracy. the elected man is always the mediocrity; he is the safe man, the sound man, the man who displeases the majority less than any other; and therefore never the genius, the man of progress and illumination” (“liber cxciv: an initimation with reference to the constitution of the order”). when the majority is in power – it is mob-rule – and the “efficient eccentrics,” who are the real men and women of “progress and illumination” are never elected because the majority will always elect the common denominator. this is also not conducive to political progress.
coming back to the idea that each person has a particular function for it to fulfill – a star with a certain course to run – thelema would be against the general leveling of all people to uniformity that is associated with democracy. we tell our kids they can grow up to be anything but again, “each star has a function in its galaxy proper to its own nature. much mischief has come from our ignorance in insisting, on the contrary, that each citizen is fit for any and every social duty” (the law is for all, ii:58). although in theory, there are potentially infinite possible courses of action, each person must understand their own tendencies, drives, and proclivities to find that ‘function’ which fits them. this large variation of many types of people allows for progress. crowley writes, “here also is the voice of true science, crying aloud that variation is the key of evolution. thereunto art cometh the third, perceiving beauty in the harmony of the diverse. know then, o my son, that all laws, all systems, all customs, all ideals and standards which tend to produce uniformity, are in direct opposition to nature’s will to change and to develop through variety, and are accursed. do thou with all thy might of manhood strive against these forces, for they resist change, which is life; and thus they are of death.” (liber aleph, “de lege motus”) basically, thelema encourages maximum possible variation for the accomplishment of diverse functions.
aristocracy
now we turn to aristocracy – might thelema align with aristocracy in some way? many will most likely point to “let my servants be few & secret: they shall rule the many & the known” (liber al vel legisi:10) to justify the aristocratic tendencies of thelema. firstly, crowley writes, “the theories of divine right, aristocratic superiority, the moral order of nature, are all today exploded bluffs. even those of us who believe in supernatural sanctions for our privileges to browbeat and rob the people no longer delude ourselves with the thought that our victims share our superstitions. even dictators understand this. mussolini has tried to induce the ghost of ancient rome to strut the stage in the image of julius caesar; hitler has invented a farrago of nonsense about nordics and aryans; nobody even pretends to believe either, except through the “will-to-believe.” and the pretence is visibly breaking down everywhere.”(the scientific solution of the problem of government”). in this sense, thelema certainly doesn’t approve of aristocracy founded on various superstitions. coming back to the idea that thelema focuses on the fitness of each person for their particular function, its possible that a meritocracy (a system where progress is based on accomplishments) could align closely. in this case, people would theoretically progress in the areas where they showed aptitude for advancement.
further, the aristocracy may turn into a tyranny. thelema is certainly against the tyrant who denies others their rights to their own advantage – everyone has the absolute right to accomplish their wills. crowley even mentions “the safefuard tyrannicide” (letter to g. yorke 9/13/1941) in relation to the line in “liber oz” which states “man has the right to kill those who would thwart these rights.” in short, thelema recognizes the right of man to fight for his own freedom in the face of tyranny. if anything, thelema would approve of the taoist king or the socratic philosopher-king for their rule is based on their ability to fit each person to their respective functions, yet “it is impossible in practice to assure the good-will of those in power” (“liber clxi: concerning the law of thelema”). for this reason, we must guard against tyrants of all types, especially the wolf who appears in sheeps clothing – that is, those who promise benevolence only to gain power over others.
coming back to aristocracy, one could say that thelema adopts many facets of the “aristocratic attitude.” crowley writes, “the key of all conduct, generally speaking, is to make every common thing noble, every small thing great” (“of eden and the sacred oak”). he constantly makes references to thelemites seeing themselves as kings and queens, seeing everyone as royal, noble, and perfect. for example, “live as the kings and princes, crowned and uncrowned, of this world, have always lived, as masters always live” (“the law of liberty”). every person is the crowned and conquering child, divinity itself – what could be a more noble attitude? further, liber al vel legis exhorts the reader to be strong, healthy, beautiful, powerful; the moral, social, and sexual freedom implied by this might be said to be “aristrocratic.” also, “chivalry” or “bushido” is similar to thelema’s attitude in that people can compete, contend, debate, etc. and still maintain respect for each other. liber al vel legis describes this attitude succinctly: “as brothers fight ye!” (liber al vel legis iii:59) this again springs out of the “noble attitude” engendered in thelema.
but what about “the slaves shall serve” (liber al vel legis ii:58)? if thelema views all as free, sovereign, responsible, and noble then why the mention of slaves? it is true that “‘there is no law beyond do what thou wilt:’ but it is only the greatest of the race who have the strength and courage to obey it” (“de lege libellum”). in short, there are those who are too riddled with fear to accept the law along with the freedom and responsibility it entails. crowley writes, “our law teaches that a star often veils itself from its nature. thus the vast bulk of humanity is obsessed by an abject fear of freedom; the principal objections hitherto urged against my law have been those of people who cannot bear to imagine the horrors which would result if they were free to do their own wills. the sense of sin, shame, self-distrust, this is what makes folk cling to christianity-slavery… now “the law is for all”; but such defectives will refuse it” (the law is for all, ii:58). again he writes, “in my ideal state everyone is respected for what he is. there will always be slaves, and the slave is to be defined as he who acquiesces in being a slave” (confessions, ch.60). therefore slaves in thelema are not physical servants but rather those who have slavish spirits: those who cannot accept the law of thelema because of fear of revealing their own natures, fear of the great freedom allowed, and fear of the great responsibility needed to do only one’s will.
conclusion
in short, “the main ethical principle [of the book of the law] is that each human being has his own definite object in life. he has every right to fulfil this purpose, and none to do anything else. it is the business of the community to help each of its members to achieve this aim; in consequence all rules should be made, and all questions of policy decided, by the application of this principle to the circumstances.” (confessions, ch.87) thelema constantly asserts the need to understand the diverse needs & proclivities of each system so that each part may fulfill its particular function with maximum effectiveness. “success is your proof” (liber al vel legis iii:46). in this sense, it is highly elastic. it adopts several tenets of anarchy, democracy, and aristocracy while admonishing others; it contains their elements but is not limited to them. the individual freedom and autonomy of anarchy are propounded but its lack of structuralization is admonished. the individual sovereignty and equal rights of democracy are propounded but its herd-mentality, uniformity, and tendency to lead rulers to use deception are admonished. the noble spirit and moral freedom of aristocracy are propounded but its claims of inherent superiority (by divine right, birth, lineage, etc.) and its tendency towards tyranny are admonished.
crowley writes, “[the law of thelema] admits that each member of the human race is unique, sovereign and responsible only to himself. in this way it is the logical climax of the idea of democracy. yet at the same time it is the climax of aristocracy by asserting each individual equally to be the centre of the universe” (confessions, ch.87). essentially, thelema is about fitting each part to its particular function in the whole for maximum effectiveness. thelema may draw upon major political ideas like anarchy, democracy, and aristocracy but it is not limited to them. it seems, necessity will dictate the politics of thelema in the end.
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ən ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən æt ðə ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs ɪn ˈlæbrəˌtɔriz æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmænˌʧɛstər wɪθ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ə ˈhaɪli ˈkɑmplɛks məˈʃin ðət ˈmɪmɪks haʊ ˈmɑləˌkjulz ər meɪd ɪn ˈneɪʧər. ðə ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl məˈlɛkjələr məˈʃin dɪˈvɛləpt baɪ prəˈfɛsər ˈdeɪvɪd li ənd hɪz tim ɪn ðə skul əv ˈkɛmɪstri ɪz ðə moʊst ədˈvænst məˈlɛkjələr məˈʃin əv ɪts taɪp ɪn ðə wərld. li ɪkˈspleɪnz: dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ðɪs məˈʃin, wɪʧ ˈjuzɪz ˈmɑləˌkjulz tɪ meɪk ˈmɑləˌkjulz ɪn ə sɪnˈθɛtɪk ˈprɔˌsɛs, ɪz ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk əˈsɛmbli laɪn ɪn kɑr plænts. səʧ məˈʃinz kʊd ˈəltəmətli lɛd tɪ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈmɑləˌkjulz bɪˈkəmɪŋ məʧ mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt ənd kɔst ˈifɛktɪv. wɪl ˈbɛnəfɪt ɔl sɔrts əv ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ˈɛriəz, ɛz ˈmɛni ˈmænˈmeɪd ˈprɑdəkts bɪˈgɪn æt ə məˈlɛkjələr ˈlɛvəl. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈkərəntli ˈmɑdəˌfaɪɪŋ ɑr məˈʃin tɪ meɪk drəgz səʧ ɛz penicillin.”*.” ðə məˈʃin ɪz ʤɪst ə fju ˈnænoʊˌmitərz lɔŋ (ə fju ˈmɪljəntθs əv ə ˈmɪləˌmitər) ənd kən ˈoʊnli bi sin ˈjuzɪŋ ˈspɛʃəl ˈɪnstrəmənts. ɪts kriˈeɪʃən wɑz ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ˈnæʧərəl ˈkɑmplɛks məˈlɛkjələr ˈfæktəriz wɛr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ ɪz juzd tɪ ˈproʊˌgræm ðə ˈlɪŋkɪŋ əv məˈlɛkjələr ˈbɪldɪŋ blɑks ɪn ðə kərˈɛkt ˈɔrdər. ðə moʊst ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri əv ðiz ˈfæktəriz ɪz ðə, ə ˈmæsɪv məˈlɛkjələr məˈʃin faʊnd ɪn ɔl ˈlɪvɪŋ sɛlz ðət lɪŋks əˈminoʊ ˈæsədz təˈgɛðər ɪn ðə ˈɔrdər ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd baɪ ˈmɛsɪnʤər (mrna*) ˈmɑləˌkjulz. məˈʃin ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə. haʊ ɪt wərks ə rɪŋ muvz əˈlɔŋ ə məˈlɛkjələr træk, ˈpɪkɪŋ əp əp ˈbɪldɪŋ blɑks (əˈminoʊ ˈæsədz) ɪn ɪts pæθ, tɪ ˈsɪnθəˌsaɪz ə dɪˈzaɪərd ˈpɛpˌtaɪd ɪn ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɔrdər. fərst ðə rɪŋ ɪz θˈrɛdɪd ˈɔntu ə məˈlɛkjələr strænd ˈjuzɪŋ ˈkɑpər aɪɑnz tɪ dɪˈrɛkt ðə əˈsɛmbli ˈprɔˌsɛs. ðɛn ə arm”*” ɪz əˈtæʧt tɪ ðə rɛst əv ðə məˈʃin ənd ɪt stɑrts tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt. ðə rɪŋ muvz əp ənd daʊn ðə strænd ənˈtɪl ɪts pæθ ɪz blɑkt baɪ ə ˈbəlki grup. ðə riˈæktɪv ɑrm ðɛn dɪˈtæʧɪz ðə əbˈstrəkʃən frəm ðə træk ənd ˈpæsɪz ɪt tɪ əˈnəðər saɪt ɔn ðə məˈʃin, riˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈæktɪv saɪt ɔn ðə ɑrm. ðə rɪŋ ɪz ðɛn fri tɪ muv ˈfərðər əˈlɔŋ ðə strænd ənˈtɪl ɪts pæθ ɪz əbˈstrəktɪd baɪ ðə nɛkst ˈbɪldɪŋ blɑk. ðɪs, ɪn tərn, ɪz riˈmuvd ənd pæst tɪ ðə ˌilɔŋˈgeɪʃən saɪt ɔn ðə rɪŋ, ðəs ˈbɪldɪŋ əp ə nu məˈlɛkjələr ˈstrəkʧər ɔn ðə rɪŋ. wəns ɔl ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ blɑks ər riˈmuvd frəm ðə træk, ðə rɪŋ ənd ðə ˈsɪnθəsəs ɪz ˈoʊvər. li sɪz ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪp ɪz stɪl fɑr frəm biɪŋ ɛz ɪˈfɪʃənt ɛz ðə: kən pʊt təˈgɛðər 20 ˈbɪldɪŋ blɑks ə ˈsɛkənd ənˈtɪl əp tɪ 150 ər lɪŋkt. soʊ fɑr wi hæv ˈoʊnli juzd ɑr məˈʃin tɪ lɪŋk təˈgɛðər 4 blɑks ənd ɪt teɪks 12 aʊərz tɪ kəˈnɛkt iʧ blɑk. bət ju kən ˈmæsɪvli ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ðə əˈsɛmbli ˈprɔˌsɛs: wi ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈmɪljən ˈmɪljən ˈmɪljən 1018 əv ðiz məˈʃinz ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ɪn ðə ˈlæbrəˌtɔri tɪ bɪld ˈmɪləˌgræm kˈwɑntətiz əv ə ˈpɛpˌtaɪd ˈmɑləˌkjul. nɛkst stɛp ɪz tɪ stɑrt ˈjuzɪŋ ðə məˈʃin tɪ meɪk səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˈmɑləˌkjulz wɪθ mɔr ˈbɪldɪŋ blɑks. ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪz fər ɪt tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ meɪk ˈmɑləˌkjulz ðət hæv ˈnɛvər bɪn sin ˌbiˈfɔr. nɑt meɪd ɪn ˈneɪʧər ənd bi meɪd sɪnˈθɛtɪkli bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈprɑsɛsəz ˈkərəntli juzd. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvɛri ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti fər ðə future.”*.”
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an industrial revolution at the nanoscale is taking place in laboratories at the university of manchester with the development of a highly complex machine that mimics how molecules are made in nature.
the artificial molecular machine developed by professor david leigh frs and his team in the school of chemistry is the most advanced molecular machine of its type in the world.
leigh explains: “the development of this machine, which uses molecules to make molecules in a synthetic process, is similar to the robotic assembly line in car plants. such machines could ultimately lead to the process of making molecules becoming much more efficient and cost effective.
“this will benefit all sorts of manufacturing areas, as many manmade products begin at a molecular level. for example, currently modifying our machine to make drugs such as penicillin.”
the rotaxane-based machine is just a few nanometers long (a few millionths of a millimeter) and can only be seen using special instruments. its creation was inspired by natural complex molecular factories where information from dna is used to program the linking of molecular building blocks in the correct order.
the most extraordinary of these factories is the ribosome, a massive molecular machine found in all living cells that links amino acids together in the order specified by messenger rna (mrna) molecules. leigh’s machine is based on the ribosome.
how it works
a nanometer-sized ring moves along a molecular track, picking up up building blocks (amino acids) in its path, to synthesize a desired peptide in a specific order.
first the ring is threaded onto a molecular strand using copper ions to direct the assembly process.
then a “reactive arm” is attached to the rest of the machine and it starts to operate. the ring moves up and down the strand until its path is blocked by a bulky group.
the reactive arm then detaches the obstruction from the track and passes it to another site on the machine, regenerating the active site on the arm.
the ring is then free to move further along the strand until its path is obstructed by the next building block.
this, in turn, is removed and passed to the elongation site on the ring, thus building up a new molecular structure on the ring.
once all the building blocks are removed from the track, the ring de-threads and the synthesis is over.
leigh says the current prototype is still far from being as efficient as the ribosome: “the ribosome can put together 20 building blocks a second until up to 150 are linked. so far we have only used our machine to link together 4 blocks and it takes 12 hours to connect each block. but you can massively parallel the assembly process: we are already using a million million million (1018) of these machines working in parallel in the laboratory to build milligram quantities of a peptide molecule.
“the next step is to start using the machine to make sophisticated molecules with more building blocks. the potential is for it to be able to make molecules that have never been seen before. they’re not made in nature and can’t be made synthetically because of the processes currently used. this is a very exciting possibility for the future.”
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ʃup: jildz ˈprɑməsɪŋ rɪˈzəlts, ˈlɛsənz fər ˈpraɪsɪŋ ˈdɑnəld ʃup meɪ bi noʊn ɛz ə ˈguˌru əv smɑrt ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈpɑləsi, bət ˈivɪn hi həz faʊnd ə fju səˈpraɪzɪz ɪn ðə ˈdætə kəˈlɛktəd soʊ fɑr frəm. ˈbɪgəst səˈpraɪz aɪ gɑt wɑz ðət ˈpraɪsɪz wɛnt əp ənd daʊn, bət ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ðeɪ steɪd ðə seɪm. ðə ˈævərɪʤ praɪs ˈæˌkʧuəli dɪˈklaɪnd baɪ 1 percent,”*,” sɛd ʃup, prəˈfɛsər əv ˈərbən ˈplænɪŋ æt ənd ˈɔθər əv ðə haɪ kɔst əv fri ˈpɑrkɪŋ, ðə ˈbaɪbəl əv ˈmɑdərn ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈpɑləsi. səˈpraɪzd ˈɛvriˌbɑdi. ˈpipəl θɔt ɪt wɑz ʤɪst ə weɪ tɪ ʤæk əp ˈpraɪsɪz, bət ðə ˈsɪti spəˈsɪfɪkli sɛd, ər goʊɪŋ tɪ sɛt ˈpraɪsɪz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɪs principle.'”*.'” [ˈəpˌdeɪt: ðə ˈfaɪnəl rɪˈpɔrt faʊnd ðə ˈævərɪʤ praɪs drɑpt baɪ 4 pərˈsɛnt, nɑt 1, wɪʧ ˈjuzɪz meters”*” ənd graʊnd ˈsɛnsərz tɪ ˈmɛʒər ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈɑkjəpənsi ənd əˈʤəst ˈpraɪsɪz əˈkɔrdɪŋli, ɪz prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈvæljəbəl ˈlɛsənz fər sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ənd ˈsɪtiz əraʊnd ðə wərld ðət wɔnt tɪ rɪˈdus ðə əˈmaʊnt əv taɪm ˈdraɪvərz spɛnd ˈkruzɪŋ ðə strits fər ə ˈpɑrkɪŋ speɪs. ðə groʊɪŋ ˈbɑdi əv ˈdætə kəˈlɛktəd frəm ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ɪz ˈʃɛdɪŋ mɔr laɪt ɔn ðə kəmˈplɛksɪtiz əv ˈpɑrkɪŋ dɪˈmænd. bət ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ʃup sɪz, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ hɑrd ˈɛvədəns ðət ˈreɪzɪŋ ənd loʊərɪŋ ˈmitər ˈpraɪsɪz ɪz ən ˈifɛktɪv weɪ tɪ kip ɪˈnəf ˈpɑrkɪŋ spɑts əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈdraɪvərz hu nid ðɛm ənd tɪ hɛlp ɪnˈʃʊr tu ˈmɛni spɑts sɪt ˈɛmti. ˈkipɪŋ, seɪ, wən ˈpɑrkɪŋ spɑt ˈoʊpən ɔn ˈɛvəri blɑk meɪk ðə ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən wərk bɛst rɪˈdus ˈkruzɪŋ, spid əp ˈbəsɪz, rɪˈdus ɛr pollution,”*,” sɛd ʃup. ˈizi tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn [ə goʊl] laɪk ðət ˈeɪmɪŋ æt wət ju wɔnt tɪ see.”*.” ɪn ə ˈrisənt rɪˈpɔrt [pdf*] ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈplænɪŋ əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ʃup ənd ˈdɑktərəl ˈstudənt ˈgrɛgəri pɪrs ɪkˈspleɪn ðət sɪns ˈmænɪʤərz bɪˈgæn əˈʤəstɪŋ ˈmitər ˈpraɪsɪz ɪn ˈɔgəst əv 2011 ðə ““elasticity”*” əv ˈpɑrkɪŋ dɪˈmænd ðə dɪˈgri tɪ wɪʧ praɪs ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əˈfɛkt ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈɑkjəpənsi həz ˈvɛrid əˈkrɔs ˈdɪfərənt loʊˈkeɪʃənz ənd taɪmz əv deɪ (du tɪ ˈdɪfərənt trɪp ˈpərpəsɪz, ðeɪ sərˈmaɪz), ənd ðət ˈdraɪvərz ʧeɪnʤd ðɛr bɪˈheɪvjər moʊst proʊˈfaʊndli ˈæftər ðə ˈsɛkənd praɪs əˈʤəstmənt, ˈpɑsəbli du tɪ ə spaɪk ɪn əˈwɛrnəs əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. ɛz ˈpraɪsɪz hæv bɪn rɪˈfaɪnd, ˌiˌlæˈstɪsəti həz dɪˈklaɪnd. ˈpraɪsɪz əˈpɪrd tɪ hæv ðə loʊəst ˌɪmˈpækts ɪn ˈhaɪli ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz laɪk ðə ˈmɪʃən ənd ðə mərˈinə, waɪl ˈriˌteɪl ˈdɪstrɪkts laɪk wɔrf ənd ðə ˈfɪlmɔr sɔ ðə moʊst ˈdræstɪk əˈʤəstmənts tɪ nu ˈpraɪsɪz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə rɪˈpɔrt. ˈpɑrkɪŋ dɪˈmænd wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ɪˈvɛnts laɪk ˈfɛstɪvəlz ənd kənˈstrəkʃən saɪts, wɪʧ ʃup sɪz ʃʊd straɪv tɪ plæn fər ɪn ədˈvæns mɔr ˈifɛktɪvli. dɪd bɪˈgɪn ˈsɛtɪŋ ˈspɛʃəl ˈpraɪsɪz æt ˈspeɪsɪz əraʊnd pɑrk ˈdʊrɪŋ ʤaɪənts geɪmz ðɪs jɪr. ər ə lɔt əv ˈəðər θɪŋz əˈfɛktɪŋ ˈɑkjəpənsi ˈəðər ðən ʤɪst prices,”*,” sɛd ʃup. kʊd bi roʊd ˈkloʊʒərz, seɪlz ɪn stɔrz, ər ˈkrɪsməs season.”*.” ɛz ˈɑkjəpənsi reɪts gɪt ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə ˈtərgət əv ˈrəfli 85 pərˈsɛnt, əˈʤəstmənts tɪ ˈmitər reɪts hæv bɪˈkəm lɛs ˈdræstɪk ənd lɛs ˈfrikˌwɛnt. ˈəndər ðə læst əˈʤəstmənt əˈnaʊnst ɪn mɑrʧ, 58 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈmitər reɪts steɪd ðə seɪm, waɪl 20 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈmitər aʊərz ˌɪnˈkrist baɪ 25 sɛnts, ənd 22 pərˈsɛnt drɑpt baɪ 25 ər 50 sɛnts. ɪn ʤun, ðə ˈleɪtəst əˈʤəstmənt fər reɪts æt ˈpɑrkɪŋ gərˈɑʒɪz əˈfɛktɪd ˈoʊnli 7 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈpɑrkɪŋ aʊərz, ənd gərɑʒ reɪts hæv ˈʤɛnərəli drɑpt ˈʃɑrpli θruaʊt ðə kɔrs əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm (ˈkɑmpləˌmɛntɪd wɪθ saɪnz ˈpɔɪntɪŋ ˈdraɪvərz təˈwɔrdz ðə gərˈɑʒɪz). ˈmænɪʤərz ər əˈlaʊd tɪ meɪk əˈʤəstmənts ˈɛvəri tu mənθs æt ðə moʊst. bət ə læk əv əˈwɛrnəs ðət ˈpraɪsɪz ˈvɛri bɪtˈwin iʧ aʊər ənd blɑk kən hoʊld bæk ðə ˈifɛktɪvnəs, sɪns fjuər ˈdraɪvərz ər ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ pɑrk ɪn ˈɛriəz wɪθ lɛs dɪˈmænd. fər ðɪs ˈrizən, ʃup ənd pɪrs ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðət ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm bɪɔnd ˈkɑrənt ˈfiʧərz laɪk ðə foʊn æp, ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts, ənd ˈmitər ˈleɪbəlz. ˈdraɪvərz, əˈspɛʃəli ˈtʊrɪsts, rɪˈmeɪn ˌənəˈwɛr əv ðiz praɪs ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz ənd ðəs mɪs ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ seɪv ˈməni baɪ ˈwɔkɪŋ ə fju blɑks frəm ðɛr kɑz tɪ ðɛr destinations,”*,” ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɪz. ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈɔlsoʊ kɔlz əˈpɑn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə tɪ ˈtækəl ðə ˈprɑbləm əv dɪˈseɪbəld ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈplækərd əˈbjuz, ˈpɔɪntɪŋ tɪ ˈəðər steɪts laɪk ˈmɪʃɪgən ənd ˌɪləˈnɔɪz ðət hæv riˈmuvd ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz fər ˈdraɪvərz tɪ əˈbjuz ˈplækərdz tɪ gɪt fri ˈpɑrkɪŋ: ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə əˈlaʊz ɔl ˈdraɪvərz wɪθ dɪˈseɪbəld ˈplækərdz tɪ pɑrk fri fər ən ənˈlɪmɪtɪd taɪm æt ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈmitərz, soʊ haɪər ˈpraɪsɪz ˌɪnˈkris ðə tɛmˈteɪʃən tɪ əˈbjuz ˈplækərdz. ˈreɪzɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz ɔn ˈkraʊdɪd blɑks meɪ ˈsɪmpli draɪv aʊt peɪɪŋ ˈpɑrkərz ənd meɪk mɔr ˈspeɪsɪz əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈplækərd əˈbjuzərz. ɪf soʊ, ˈpraɪsɪz wɪl nɑt rɪˈdus ˈɑkjəpənsi, ənd ðə praɪs ˌiˌlæˈstɪsəti əv dɪˈmænd wɪl rɪˈmeɪn loʊ. ðə ʃʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈstɛnd ɪts ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈmitər aʊərz pæst 6 p.m*., wɪn ˈpɑrkɪŋ dɪˈmænd rɪˈmeɪnz haɪ ɪn ˈmɛni ˈɛriəz, sɛd ʃup. hoʊp sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ wɪl æsk, ɪz ðə raɪt praɪs æt 7 p.m*. ɔn ˈjunjən skwɛr hi sɛd. hæv ðə ɪkˈwɪpmənt, ɔl ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr, ənd wi ʤɪst pʊt ɪt tɪ slip æt 6 p.m.”*.” ˈaʊtˌdeɪtɪd ˈpɑləsiz əˈsaɪd, ʃup preɪzd sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ fər ˌpaɪəˈnɪrɪŋ ðə moʊst ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈsɪstəm əv ˈpɑrkɪŋ ɪn ðə wərld. ““normally*, ju ɪkˈspɛkt əˈmɛrɪkə tɪ hæv ˈfɑlən bɪˈhaɪnd ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld ɪn ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˈpɑləsi, bət ðɪs ɪz ðə wən ˈɛriə wɛr ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts həz ˈrɪli sizd ðə lɛd ənd ɪz weɪ ahead,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈlidərz ɪn ˈsɪtiz əraʊnd ðə wərld hæv ɪkˈsprɛst ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ˈsɪmələr ˈproʊˌgræmz, ʃup ˈnoʊtɪd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈrioʊ də ʤəˈnɛˌroʊ, wɪʧ plænz tɪ hoʊst ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪks ɪn 2016 bət hæv ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈmitər ɔn ɪts strits. wər kwaɪt ɪnˈtrænst baɪ it,”*,” hi sɛd. ʃup kɔlz ə success”*” ˈɪnsəfɑr ɛz kənˈvərtɪd ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈmitərz (ˈædɪŋ nu ˈmitərz ɪz əˈnəðər kˈwɛʃən) ənd hi sɪz ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ʃoʊz haʊ daɪˈnæmɪk ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪŋ kən bi ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ kənˈʤɛsʧən ˈpraɪsɪŋ ðət rikˈwaɪərz lɛs ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ənd fjuər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈbætəlz. kən əˈdɑpt ˈproʊˌgræmz laɪk ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ du nɑt jɛt hæv ɔl ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl wɪl tɪ əˈdɑpt kənˈʤɛsʧən pricing,”*,” ðə rɪˈpɔrt sɪz. ˈifɛkt, ˈpraɪsɪz ər ə pur kənˈʤɛsʧən ˈpraɪsɪŋ, ənd ðeɪ meɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ə stɛp təˈwɔrd fʊl kənˈʤɛsʧən pricing.”*.” daʊn ðə roʊd, ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪŋ kʊd hɛlp meɪk ˈpipəl əˈwɛr əv ðə ˈhɪdən kɔsts əv kɑr juz, seɪ ʃup ənd pɪrs. ɪn fækt, ðeɪ ˈɑrgju, ˈdraɪvərz maɪt kəm tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ðə kənˈvinjəns əv əˈveɪləbəl ˈpɑrkɪŋ, ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ hæv tɪ peɪ fər ɪt. simd ənˈθɪŋkəbəl ɪn ðə pæst meɪ bɪˈkəm ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl ɪn ðə future,”*,” ðeɪ roʊt. ˈpraɪsɪz, ˈdraɪvərz wɪl faɪnd ˈpleɪsɪz tɪ pɑrk ðɛr kɑz ʤɪst ɛz ˈizəli ɛz ðeɪ ˈpleɪsɪz tɪ baɪ ˈgæsəˌlin. bət ˈdraɪvərz wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ hæv tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðə praɪs əv ˈpɑrkɪŋ ʤɪst ɛz ðeɪ naʊ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpraɪsɪz əv fjuəl, taɪərz, ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns, ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən, rɪˈpɛrz, ənd kɑz themselves.”*.”
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shoup: sfpark yields promising results, lessons for demand-based pricing
donald shoup may be known as a guru of smart parking policy, but even he has found a few surprises in the data collected so far from sfpark.
“the biggest surprise i got was that prices went up and down, but overall, they stayed the same. the average price actually declined by 1 percent,” said shoup, professor of urban planning at ucla and author of the high cost of free parking, the bible of modern parking policy. “that surprised everybody. people thought it was just a way to jack up prices, but the city specifically said, ‘we are going to set prices according to this principle.'”
[update: the sfpark final report found the average price dropped by 4 percent, not 1.]
sfpark, which uses “smart meters” and ground sensors to measure parking occupancy and adjust prices accordingly, is providing valuable lessons for san francisco and cities around the world that want to reduce the amount of time drivers spend cruising the streets for a parking space.
the growing body of data collected from the program is shedding more light on the complexities of parking demand. but overall, shoup says, providing hard evidence that raising and lowering meter prices is an effective way to keep enough parking spots available for drivers who need them — and to help ensure too many spots don’t sit empty.
keeping, say, one parking spot open on every block “will make the transportation work best — it’ll reduce cruising, speed up buses, reduce air pollution,” said shoup. “it’s easy to explain [a goal] like that — we’re aiming at what you want to see.”
in a recent report [pdf] published in the journal of the american planning association, shoup and ucla doctoral student gregory pierce explain that since sfpark managers began adjusting meter prices in august of 2011, the “elasticity” of parking demand — the degree to which price changes affect parking occupancy — has varied across different locations and times of day (due to different trip purposes, they surmise), and that drivers changed their behavior most profoundly after the second price adjustment, possibly due to a spike in awareness of the program. as prices have been refined, elasticity has declined.
prices appeared to have the lowest impacts in highly residential neighborhoods like the mission and the marina, while retail districts like fisherman’s wharf and the fillmore saw the most drastic adjustments to new prices, according to the report.
parking demand was also affected by temporary events like festivals and construction sites, which shoup says sfpark should strive to plan for in advance more effectively. sfpark did begin setting special prices at spaces around at&t park during giants games this year. “there are a lot of other things affecting occupancy other than just prices,” said shoup. “it could be road closures, sales in stores, or christmas season.”
as occupancy rates get closer to the target of roughly 85 percent, adjustments to sfpark meter rates have become less drastic and less frequent. under the last adjustment announced in march, 58 percent of meter rates stayed the same, while 20 percent of meter hours increased by 25 cents, and 22 percent dropped by 25 or 50 cents. in june, the latest adjustment for rates at city-owned parking garages affected only 7 percent of parking hours, and garage rates have generally dropped sharply throughout the course of the program (complemented with signs pointing drivers towards the garages). sfpark managers are allowed to make adjustments every two months at the most.
but a lack of awareness that prices vary between each hour and block can hold back the program’s effectiveness, since fewer drivers are looking to park in areas with less demand. for this reason, shoup and pierce recommend that sfpark increase the visibility of the program beyond current features like the program’s phone app, data-rich website, advertisements, and meter labels. “many drivers, especially tourists, remain unaware of these price variations and thus miss the opportunity to save money by walking a few blocks from their cars to their destinations,” the report says.
the report also calls upon california to tackle the problem of disabled parking placard abuse, pointing to other states like michigan and illinois that have removed incentives for drivers to abuse placards to get free parking:
california allows all drivers with disabled placards to park free for an unlimited time at parking meters, so higher prices increase the temptation to abuse placards. raising prices on crowded blocks may simply drive out paying parkers and make more spaces available for placard abusers. if so, prices will not reduce occupancy, and the price elasticity of demand will remain artificially low.
the sfmta should also extend its parking meter hours past 6 p.m., when parking demand remains high in many areas, said shoup. “i hope san francisco will ask, ‘why is the right price at 7 p.m. on union square $0?'” he said. “we have the equipment, all the software, and we just put it to sleep at 6 p.m.”
outdated policies aside, shoup praised san francisco for pioneering the most comprehensive system of demand-based parking in the world. “normally, you expect america to have fallen behind the rest of the world in transportation policy, but this is the one area where the united states has really seized the lead and is way ahead,” he said.
leaders in cities around the world have expressed interest in launching similar programs, shoup noted, including rio de janeiro, which plans to host the olympics in 2016 but doesn’t have a single parking meter on its streets. “they were quite entranced by it,” he said.
shoup calls sfpark a “political success” — insofar as converted existing parking meters (adding new meters is another question) — and he says the program shows how dynamic parking pricing can be an alternative to congestion pricing that requires less infrastructure and fewer political battles.
“cities can adopt programs like sfpark even if they do not yet have all the resources and political will to adopt congestion pricing,” the report says. “in effect, performance-parking prices are a poor man’s congestion pricing, and they may represent a step toward full congestion pricing.”
down the road, demand-based parking pricing could help make people aware of the hidden costs of car use, say shoup and pierce. in fact, they argue, drivers might come to expect the convenience of available parking, even if they have to pay for it. “what seemed unthinkable in the past may become indispensable in the future,” they wrote.
“with performance-parking prices, drivers will find places to park their cars just as easily as they find places to buy gasoline. but drivers will also have to think about the price of parking just as they now think about the prices of fuel, tires, insurance, registration, repairs, and cars themselves.”
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ɪf stɪl spjuɪŋ əˈbaʊt nɑt ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ ɪn wɪn ju hæd ðə ʧæns, nɑt əˈloʊn. ðə ˈriləˈzeɪʃən ðət kɔɪnz bɔt 7 jɪrz əˈgoʊ ər naʊ wərθ ˈmɪljənz hæv ˈrɪli kɪkt ðə kəˈlɛktɪv ˈɪntərˌnɛt ɪn ðə tiθ. jæ, ɪt ˈblədi hərts, bət ɪz ʤɪst wən əv ˈmɛni aʊt ðɛr, soʊ wət ɪf ðɛr wɑz wən ðət wɑz raɪp fər ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ ɪn raɪt naʊ? ju maɪt bi ɪn lək, bɪˈkəz wən ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ɪz ˈkæʧɪŋ ə lɔt əv əˈtɛnʃən. kɔld ənd ə hip əv ˈpəndɪts (rɛd: nərdz) ˈrɛkən ðə tɪts. ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ prəˈvaɪdz ə ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ ˈkərənsi, eɪmz tɪ du ðə seɪm θɪŋ, bət fər ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ənd kəmˈpjutɪŋ. ɪz ə dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˈplætˌfɔrm ðət rənz smɑrt ˈkɑnˌtrækts: ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ðət rən ɪgˈzæktli ɛz ˈproʊˌgræmd wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈdaʊnˌtaɪm, ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp, frɔd ər θərd ˈpɑrti interference,”*,” ðɛr ˈwɛbˌsaɪt sɪz. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, waɪl həz ˈpeɪmənts, həz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ kəmˈplitli ˈtrænsfɔrm ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. ɪt ˈjuzɪz ðə seɪm kɔr tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɛz ðə ˈfɔrmər, bət ɪz fɑr ˈfæstər ənd mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ju kʊd juz ə smɑrt ˈkɑnˌtrækt tɪ kriˈeɪt ə kæmˈpeɪn, əˈməŋ ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈlɪmətləs ˈəðər ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz ju kʊd nɑt əˈʧiv wɪθ. ɪt həz ðə paʊər tɪ əˈfɛkt ˈhənərdz əv ˈɪndəstriz, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˈpaʊərfəl ənd ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl pis əv tɛkˈnɑləʤi. ˈkərəntli ðə ˈsɛkənd moʊst ˈvæljəbəl ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkərənsi (bɪˈhaɪnd, də) ənd ɪts ˈkərənsi kəmˈpoʊnənt ɪz rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz ˈiθər. wət meɪks ˈiθər soʊ əˈpilɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ɪz haʊ fæst ɪts ˈvælju ɪz ˈraɪzɪŋ ɪkˈstrimli kˈwɪkli. ʤɪst 3 mənθs əˈgoʊ ɪt wɑz wərθ naʊ ˈsɪtɪŋ əraʊnd ðət ɪz, ˈfræŋkli, ˈfəkɪŋ ˌɪnˈseɪn. æt ðə taɪm əv ˈraɪtɪŋ, ˈvælju roʊz baɪ təˈdeɪ əˈloʊn. ðə ˈlɑrʤəst kənˈvɛnʃən, kənˈsɛnsəs, həz bɪn ˈhæpənɪŋ ðɪs wik ənd həz kənˈtrɪbjutɪd ə juʤ əˈmaʊnt əv haɪp əraʊnd ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm. ɪf ðɪs kənˈtɪnjuz ənd ˈkəmpəˌniz ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ gɪt ɔn bɔrd, ðət ˈvælju kʊd ræmp əp ˈivɪn mɔr. soʊ ɪf ju mɪst aʊt ɔn ðə ˈbændˌwægən, ˈmeɪbi ɪz jʊr ˈsɛkənd ʧæns. ɪf ju ər kin tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst, wi ˈhaɪli ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ju du ˈplɛnti əv ˈrisərʧ bɪˈkəz laɪk ɔl ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts, noʊ ʃʊr θɪŋz aʊt ðɛr. sɔrs: kɔɪn ˈmɑrkɪt kæp ethereum.org*. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈluni tunz.
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if you’re still spewing about not investing in bitcoin when you had the chance, you’re not alone. the realisation that coins bought 7 years ago are now worth millions have really kicked the collective internet in the teeth.
yeah, it bloody hurts, but bitcoin is just one of many cryptocurrencies out there, so what if there was one that was ripe for investing in right now? you might be in luck, because one in particular is catching a lot of attention.
it’s called ethereum and a heap of pundits (read: nerds) reckon it’s the tits. in the same way bitcoin provides a decentralised alternative to currency, ethereum aims to do the same thing, but for programming and computing.
“ethereum is a decentralized platform that runs smart contracts: applications that run exactly as programmed without any possibility of downtime, censorship, fraud or third party interference,” their website says.
in other words, while bitcoin has revolutionised payments, ethereum has the potential to completely transform the internet. it uses the same core technology as the former, but is far faster and more efficient.
for example, you could use a smart contract to create a crowdfunding campaign, among almost limitless other possibilities you could not achieve with bitcoin. it has the power to affect hundreds of industries, making it an incredibly powerful and influential piece of technology.
it’s currently the second most valuable digital currency (behind bitcoin, duh) and its currency component is referred to as ether.
what makes ether so appealing to investors is how fast its value is rising – extremely quickly.
just 3 months ago it was worth $au17.42, now it’s sitting around $au280. that is, frankly, fucking insane. at the time of writing, it’s value rose by $au18.83 today alone.
the largest cryptocurrency convention, consensus, has been happening this week and has contributed a huge amount of hype around the platform. if this continues and companies decide to get on board, that value could ramp up even more.
so if you missed out on the bitcoin bandwagon, maybe ethereum is your second chance. if you are keen to invest, we highly recommend you do plenty of research because like all investments, there’s no sure things out there.
source: coin market cap / ethereum.org.
photo: looney tunes.
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ˈwɪski əˌfɪʃəˈnɑdoʊz meɪ kleɪm ðət məst bi meɪd wɪθ ˈfaɪəri, ˈgræsi raɪ, waɪl ən oʊld ˈfæʃənd rikˈwaɪərz ðə sˈwitnəs əv ˈbərbən. bət ə nu ˈstədi frəm ə ˈdrɛksəl ˌjunəˈvərsəti fud ˈsaɪəntɪst ʃoʊz ðə ˈævərɪʤ kənˈsumər ˈkænɑt dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪt bɪtˈwin ðə tu ˈfleɪvərz. ˈʤeɪkəb, ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi, ən əˈsɪstənt prəˈfɛsər ɪn ðə ˈsɛnər fər ˌhɑspəˈtæləti ənd spɔrt ˈmænɪʤmənt, faʊnd, ɪn ə blaɪnd ˈsɔrtɪŋ tæsk əv əˈmɛrɪkən ənd ˈbərbənz, pɑrˈtɪsəpənts wər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ grup təˈgɛðər ˈprɑdəkts baɪ brænd ˈrəðər ðən taɪp əv ˈwɪski. ðə rɪˈzəlts wər ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl əv fud saɪəns ðɪs mənθ. "ðɛr ɪz ˈdɛfənətli ə ˈtɛndənsi fər ˈbɑrˌtɛndərz tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt haʊ səm drɪŋks ʃʊd ˌæbsəˈlutli bi meɪd wɪθ ˈbərbən ər raɪ, ənd aɪ θɪŋk ɪts klɪr naʊ ðət ðɛr ɪz mɔr ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti," sɛd. "ɪn ə weɪ ɪts fən ənd ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ɪt gɪvz ju ə ˈbɪgər ˈjunəˌvərs tɪ pleɪ wɪθ." ðə ˈoʊnli ˈligəl ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ˈbərbən ənd raɪ ˈprɑdəkts ɪz ðɛr: ˈbərbən məst bi fərˈmɛntəd frəm ə mæʃ ðət ɪz məˈʤɔrəti kɔrn, ənd raɪ frəm ə məˈʤɔrəti əv ɪts greɪn. ˈəðərˌwaɪz, ðə ˈligəl ənd staɪˈlɪstɪk rɪkˈwaɪrmənts fər ðə tu ˈprɑdəkts ər aɪˈdɛntɪkəl. soʊ ɪts ˈpɑsəbəl fər ə 2 pərˈsɛnt ˈdɪfərəns ɪn tɪ tɪp ə ˈwɪski frəm wən ˈkætəˌgɔri ˈɪntu ðə ˈəðər. jɛt, ɪn boʊθ pɑp ˈkəlʧər ənd ˈwɪski ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtər ˈsərkəlz, ðə tu kaɪnz ər hɛld tɪ bi dɪˈstɪŋkt --ˈbərbən ɪz ˈɔfən dɪˈskraɪbd laɪk smuð ˈkɛrəməl, waɪl raɪ ɪz kɔld draɪ ənd bræʃ. dɪˈspaɪt ðə kˈwɪkli groʊɪŋ dɪˈmænd fər ˈwɪski ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts (wɪθ ˈrɛvəˌnuz ˈoʊvər ˈbɪljən ɪn 2014 ðɛr hæd bɪn noʊ ˈrɪgərəs ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən əv ðə əˈsumd ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ˈbərbən ənd raɪ. ˈwɔntɪd tɪ noʊ, haʊ kən streɪt raɪ ənd ˈbərbən bi soʊ drəˈmætɪkəli ˈdɪfərənt, ɪf ðɛr ˈbeɪsɪk ˈrɛsəpi ɪz soʊ ˈsɪmələr? tɪ gɪt tɪ ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə kəˈnəndrəm, pərˈzɛnəd 21 ˈstədi pɑrˈtɪsəpənts wɪθ treɪz əv 10 ˈwɪskiz faɪv ˈbərbənz ənd faɪv ɪn ˈrændəm ˈɔrdər. ðeɪ wər ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd tɪ smɛl bət nɑt teɪst ðə ˈælkəˌhɑl. ðɪs ˈmɛθəd ɪz ɪn əˈkɔrdəns wɪθ ˈpəblɪʃt ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz fər skɑʧ ˈwɪski ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən. ðə pɑrˈtɪsəpənts wər ðɛn æst tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ðə ˈwɪskiz ˈɪntu noʊ fjuər ðən tu ənd noʊ mɔr ðən naɪn grups, baɪ ˈɛni kraɪˈtɪriə ðeɪ wɪʃt. ɪn ə ˈsɛkənd ˈsɛʃən, wɪn ðə pɑrˈtɪsəpənts keɪm bæk deɪz ˈleɪtər, ðə seɪm ˈwɪskiz wər pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ən aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ˈfæʃən wɪθ nu, ˈrændəˌmaɪzd ˈleɪbəlz. ðeɪ wər æst tɪ sɔrt ðə ˈwɪskiz ˈɪntu grups əˈgɛn. ðə ˈrisərʧərz nɛkst juzd ə stəˈtɪstɪkəl æˈnælɪsɪs (kɔld distatis*) tɪ ˌɪnˈtərprət ðə grups rɪˈspɑnsɪz. ənd hɪz tim faʊnd ðət ðə ˈsəbʤɪkts dɪd nɑt ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ðə ˈwɪskiz beɪst ɔn (ˈbərbən ˈvərsəz. raɪ), bət ˌɪnˈstɛd wər mɔr ˈɪnfluənst baɪ ˈprɑpərtiz laɪk ˈælkəˌhɑl ˈkɑntɛnt, eɪʤ æt ˈbɑtəlɪŋ ənd brænd. fər ˈɪnstəns, pɑrˈtɪsəpənts wər ˈvɛri ˈlaɪkli tɪ grup təˈgɛðər ʤɪm bim ˈwɪskiz. ðət ðə ˈrisərʧərz sɔ ðɪs trɛnd bɪˈkəz ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈmeɪkərz hæv strɔŋ "haʊs" ˈfleɪvərz. ʤɪm bim ˈwɪskiz boʊθ ˈbərbənz ənd maɪt bi ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzd ɛz sˈmɛlɪŋ laɪk ˈroʊstɪd ˈpiˌnəts. "ɪt ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ haʊ dɪˈstɪŋktɪv ðət ˈfleɪvər ɪz," hi sɛd. ðə pərˈsivd ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ˈbərbən ənd raɪ meɪ stɛm frəm ə taɪm ɪn ˈhɪstəri wɪn ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ðə tu wər ˈgreɪtər, sɛd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈmɑdərn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwɪskiz ðət ər moʊst ˈpɑpjələr təˈdeɪ ər ˈvɛri ˈlaɪkli mɔr ˈkloʊsli rɪˈleɪtɪd. ɪn fˈjuʧər ˈstədiz, ənd hɪz tim plæn tɪ ˈfərðər ɪkˈsplɔr haʊ spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈsɛnsəri əˈtrɪˌbjuts laɪk ðət ˈpiˌnət ərˈoʊmə meɪ bi lɪŋkt tɪ prəˈdusər, ˈælkəˌhɑl baɪ ˈvɑljum, eɪʤ, ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈmeɪˌkəp, ənd ˈəðər pərˈdəkʃən ˈvɛriəbəlz.
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whiskey aficionados may claim that manhattans must be made with fiery, grassy rye, while an old fashioned requires the sweetness of bourbon.
but a new study from a drexel university food scientist shows the average consumer cannot discriminate between the two flavors.
jacob lahne, phd, an assistant professor in the center for hospitality and sport management, found, in a blind sorting task of american ryes and bourbons, participants were more likely to group together products by brand rather than type of whiskey.
the results were published in the journal of food science this month.
"there is definitely a tendency for bartenders to talk about how some drinks should absolutely be made with bourbon or rye, and i think it's clear now that there is more flexibility," lahne said. "in a way it's fun and exciting -- it gives you a bigger universe to play with."
the only legal difference between bourbon and rye products is their mashbill: bourbon must be fermented from a mash that is majority corn, and rye from a majority of its eponymous grain. otherwise, the legal and stylistic requirements for the two products are identical. so it's possible for a 2 percent difference in mashbill to tip a whiskey from one category into the other.
yet, in both pop culture and whiskey educator circles, the two kinds are held to be distinct --bourbon is often described like smooth caramel, while rye is called dry and brash.
despite the quickly growing demand for whiskey in the united states (with revenues over $2.6 billion in 2014), there had been no rigorous examination of the assumed difference between bourbon and rye.
lahne wanted to know, how can straight rye and bourbon be so dramatically different, if their basic recipe is so similar?
to get to the bottom of the conundrum, lahne presented 21 study participants with trays of 10d whiskeys -- five bourbons and five ryes -- in random order. they were instructed to smell but not taste the alcohol. this method is in accordance with published guidelines for scotch whisky evaluation.
the participants were then asked to organize the whiskeys into no fewer than two and no more than nine groups, by any criteria they wished. in a second session, when the participants came back days later, the same whiskeys were presented in an identical fashion with new, randomized labels. they were asked to sort the whiskeys into groups again.
the researchers next used a statistical analysis (called distatis) to interpret the group's responses. lahne and his team found that the subjects did not separate the whiskeys based on mashbill (bourbon vs. rye), but instead were more influenced by properties like alcohol content, age at bottling and brand. for instance, participants were very likely to group together jim beam whiskeys.
lahne hypothesizes that the researchers saw this trend because individual makers have strong "house" flavors. jim beam whiskeys -- both bourbons and ryes -- might be characterized as smelling like roasted peanuts.
"it is interesting how distinctive that flavor is," he said.
the perceived differences between bourbon and rye may stem from a time in history when mashbill differences between the two were greater, lahne said. however, modern american whiskeys that are most popular today are very likely more closely related.
in future studies, lahne and his team plan to further explore how specific sensory attributes -- like that peanut aroma -- may be linked to producer, alcohol by volume, age, chemical makeup, and other production variables.
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vpns* lɛt ˈjuzərz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə ˈbaɪˌpæs ðə ˈkəntriz ˈfeɪməs "greɪt ˈfaɪrwɑl," wɪʧ ˈhɛvəli riˈstrɪkts ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈfɔrən saɪts. ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊ ˈpraɪvəsi baɪ ˈhaɪdɪŋ ˈbraʊzɪŋ ækˈtɪvɪtiz frəm ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈsərvɪs prəˈvaɪdərz. wɪn ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈsərvɪs, ə ˈpərsən ɪn ˈʧaɪnə kən ˈækˌsɛs blɑkt saɪts laɪk ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd tˈwɪtər. kʊk ˈɔlsoʊ əˈdrɛst ˈkrɪtɪks' kəmˈpɛrəsənz bɪtˈwin ˈæpəlz dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ kənˈfɔrm tɪ ðə lɔ ɪn ˈʧaɪnə, ˈvərsəz ɪts rɪfˈjuzəl læst jɪr tɪ hɛlp ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈækˌsɛs ən ˈaɪˌfoʊn bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ wən əv ðə sæn ˌbərnɑrˈdinoʊ ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts. "səm foʊks hæv traɪd tɪ lɪŋk ɪt tɪ ðə juz. ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən læst jɪr. ðɛr ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt," kʊk sɛd. hi ˈædɪd ðət ɪn ðə juz., ðə lɔ səˈpɔrtɪd ˈæpəl. "ɪn ðə keɪs əv ˈʧaɪnə, ðə lɔ ɪz ˈvɛri klɪr ðɛr. laɪk wi wʊd ɪf ðə juz. ʧeɪnʤd ðə lɔ hir, wi hæv tɪ əˈbaɪd baɪ ðɛm ɪn boʊθ ˈkeɪsɪz," hi sɛd. waɪl ˈæpəl bit wɔl strit ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ɪn ɪts ˈfɪskəl ˈərnɪŋz, ðə ˈkəmpəniz ˈrɛvəˌnu ɪn ˈgreɪtər ˈʧaɪnə fɛl 10 pərˈsɛnt jɪr ˈoʊvər jɪr, əˈmɪd ˈraɪzɪŋ ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən frəm ˈloʊkəl neɪmz laɪk ənd xiaomi*. ˈæpəl həz ˈrisəntli stɛpt əp ˈɛfərts ɪn ˈʧaɪnə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsɛtɪŋ əp ɪts fərst ˈdætə ˈsɛnər ənd ˈɔlsoʊ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə nu ˈlidərˌʃɪp roʊl tɪ ˈoʊvərˌsi koʊˌɔrdəˈneɪʃən əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəmpəniz tim. kʊk sɛd hi ɪz ˈhoʊpfəl ðət ˈoʊvər taɪm, ðə riˈstrɪkʃənz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə wɪl ˈdiˌkris. "wi bɪˈliv ɪn ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ wɪθ ˈgəvərnmənts ˈivɪn wɪn wi dɪsəˈgri," hi sɛd. "ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr keɪs, wɪr ˈhoʊpfəl ðət ˈoʊvər taɪm ðə riˈstrɪkʃənz wɪr siɪŋ ər ˈlɛsənd, bɪˈkəz ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ˈrɪli rikˈwaɪərz ˈfridəm tɪ kəˈlæbərˌeɪt ənd kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt." ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋz ˈkrækˌdaʊn ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt, ˈrəʃə pæst ə lɔ ˈbænɪŋ ˈsɔfˌwɛr ðət əˈlaʊz ˈjuzərz tɪ əˈnɑnəməsli vju saɪts bɑrd ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. ðət bɪl proʊˈhɪbəts ənd ˈəðər tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ðət ˈjuzərz. ɪt goʊz ˈɪntu ˈifɛkt ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 1 raɪən braʊn kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt.
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vpns let users in china bypass the country's famous "great firewall," which heavily restricts internet access to foreign sites. vpns also allow privacy by hiding browsing activities from internet service providers. when using a vpn service, a person in china can access blocked sites like facebook and twitter.
cook also addressed critics' comparisons between apple's decision to conform to the law in china, versus its refusal last year to help the fbi access an iphone belonging to one of the san bernardino terrorists.
"some folks have tried to link it to the u.s. situation last year. they're very different," cook said. he added that in the u.s., the law supported apple. "in the case of china, the law is very clear there. like we would if the u.s. changed the law here, we have to abide by them in both cases," he said.
while apple beat wall street expectations in its fiscal third-quarter earnings, the company's revenue in greater china fell 10 percent year over year, amid rising competition from local names like huawei and xiaomi.
apple has recently stepped up efforts in china, including setting up its first data center and also creating a new leadership role to oversee coordination across the company's china-based team.
cook said he is hopeful that over time, the restrictions in china will decrease.
"we believe in engaging with governments even when we disagree," he said. "this particular case, we're hopeful that over time the restrictions we're seeing are lessened, because innovation really requires freedom to collaborate and communicate."
following beijing's crackdown on the internet, russia passed a law banning software that allows users to anonymously view sites barred in the country. that bill prohibits vpns and other technologies that anonymize users. it goes into effect on november 1.
— cnbc's ryan browne contributed to this report.
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fər ˈsɛnʧəriz, ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈpipəlz əv ðə həˈwaɪən ˈaɪləndz ˈpræktɪst səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈækwəˌkəlʧər baɪ ˈbɪldɪŋ wɔld ɪn ˈkoʊstəl ˈɛsʧuˌɛriz. hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈrɛkərdz ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðət, ɪn ðə ˈərli 1900s*, ən ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈnɛtˌwərk əv mɔr ðən 450 əˈkrɔs ðə həˈwaɪən ˈaɪləndz prəˈdust ˈəpwərd əv 2 ˈmɪljən paʊnz əv fɪʃ ˈænjuəli ənd səˈpɔrtɪd lɑrʤ θˈraɪvɪŋ kəmˈjunɪtiz. ˈkərəntli, ˈwərldˈwaɪd ˈækwəˌkəlʧər əˈkaʊnts fər ˈɔlˌmoʊst əv fɪʃ kənˈsəmʃən. ˈrisərʧərz wɪθ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv æt skul əv ˈoʊʃən ənd ərθ saɪəns ənd tɛkˈnɑləʤi (soest*) ənd ˈneɪtɪv həˈwaɪən stuərdz oʊ fɔrmd ə kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪv ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə roʊl əv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˈkoʊstəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ˈækwəˌkəlʧər ˈpræktɪsɪz ɪn ɔn oʻahu*. rɪˈzəlts ˈpəblɪʃt ˈrisəntli ɪn ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðɛr ɪz ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin tu ˈpɪriədz əv haɪ fɪʃ mɔrˈtæləti æt ənd ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə ˈklaɪmɪt. ““today*, ə məˈʤɔrəti əv həˈwaɪən hæv bɪn lɔst tɪ ˈkoʊstəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd ˌərbənɪˈzeɪʃən, bət ə groʊɪŋ ˈmuvmənt ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ rɪˈstɔr ənd riˈvaɪtəˌlaɪz həˈwaɪən ɛz ə ˈkɔrnərˌstoʊn tɪ səˈsteɪnəbəl fud fɪʃ pərˈdəkʃən ənd rɪˈzɪljənt kəmˈjunɪtiz ɪn ən ˈɪrə əv dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ rif fɪʃ stocks,”*,” sɛd kawelo*, oʊ ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðiz ˈɛfərts ər θˈrɛtənd baɪ ənˈsərtənti ˈoʊvər ðə ˈifɛkts əv ʃɔrt- ənd ˈlɔŋˈtərm ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, spəˈsɪfɪkli stɔrmz ənd ˌfləkʧuˈeɪʃənz ɪn ɪkˈstrim ˈsiˌwɔtər ˈtɛmpərəʧər ðət brɪŋ nu ˈstrɛsərz ənd ɪgˈzæsərˌbeɪt ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈʧælənʤɪz. nu ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ˌɪnˈfɔrmz ˈrisɔrs ˈmænɪʤmənt θruaʊt ðə ˈstədi frəm 2004 tɪ 2016 ðə ˈpɑrtnərz ˈmɛʒərd wɪndz, taɪdz, ˈtɛmpərəʧər, ˈwɔtər haɪt, ˈwɔtər ˈmuvmənt ənd səˈspɛndɪd məˈtɪriəl ənd ˌfaɪtoʊˈplæŋtən ɪn ðə ˈwɔtər; ənd fɪʃ ˈnəmbər, ˈdɛnsɪti ənd lɛŋθ. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs taɪm, ɪkˈspɪriənst ˌpɪriˈɑdɪk ˈifɛkts əv ɛl səʧ ɛz sˈlækənɪŋ treɪd wɪndz ənd ˈwɔrmər ˈsərfəs ˈwɔtərz. ðə ˈpɑrtnərz ˈkɔrəˌleɪtəd tu ˈpɪriədz əv ɪkˈstrimli haɪ fɪʃ mɔrˈtæləti æt wɪθ ˈwikənd treɪd wɪndz ɪn ðə wik priˈsidɪŋ iʧ mɔrˈtæləti ɪˈvɛnt, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈsərfəs ˈwɔtər ˈtɛmpərəʧərz 2 tɪ 3 dɪˈgriz ˈsɛlsiəs ˈwɔrmər ðən ˈnɔrməl. ðeɪ ˈpɑzət ðət ðə læk əv treɪd ˈsərfəs ˈwɔtər ˈmɪksɪŋ ɛnˈhænst ˈsərfəs ˈhitɪŋ əv ðə, ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ˈstægnənt kənˈdɪʃənz ənd strɛs ɔn fɪʃ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz. rɪˈzəlts prəˈvaɪd ˌɛmˈpɪrɪkəl ˈɛvədəns rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ɛl ˈifɛkts ɔn ðə ˈkoʊstəl ˈoʊʃən, wɪʧ kən ˌɪnˈfɔrm ˈrisɔrs ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈɛfərts əˈbaʊt ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˈklaɪmɪt ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən ɔn ˈækwəˌkəlʧər production,”*,” sɛd ˈroʊzi alegado*, ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ ˈɔθər əv ðə ˈstədi ənd əˈsɪstənt prəˈfɛsər ɪn ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌoʊʃəˈnɑgrəfi ənd ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv si grænt ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈproʊˌgræm si grænt). ɛz ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪz prɪˈdɪktɪd tɪ ˈɔltər ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti, ˈfrikwənsi ənd ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˈpætərnz əv ɛl ɪˈvɛnts, ðə ˈpɑrtnərz dɪˈvɛləpt θri ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃənz tɪ rɪˈdus ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˈwɔrmɪŋ ɪˈvɛnts ɔn ənd ˈlɪmət ðə mɔrˈtæləti əv mwɑ. ðeɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ˈmuvɪŋ nɛt pɛnz ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə mākāhā*ā (slus geɪts) wɪθ ðə haɪəst floʊ reɪts əv ˈoʊʃən ˈwɔtər ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə wɪʧ wɪl ˈdiˌkris ˈwɔtər ˈtɛmpərəʧərz ənd ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə pɛnz. əˈdɪʃənəl stɛps ˌɪnˈklud ˌɪnˈstɔlɪŋ ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl ˈsɪstəmz ɪn ðə pɛnz tɪ ˈlɪmət stægˈneɪʃən ənd loʊ ˈɑksɪʤən, ənd ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ˈflɛksəbəl ˈhɑrvəst ˈstrætəʤiz æt ðə ˈɔnˌsɛt əv ə ˈwɔrmɪŋ ɪˈvɛnt. ˈjuzɪŋ həˈwaɪən ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə pæst tɪ ˈbrɔdən ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv, ðə ˈpɑrtnərz wɪl nɛkst ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən ɔn ˈwɔtər ˈkɛmɪstri ɪn ðə ˈoʊvər ðə pæst 10 jɪrz ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm ˈsɪriz əv ˈdætə ˈfəndɪd baɪ si grænt. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ðeɪ ər traɪɪŋ tɪ dɪˈtərmən haʊ ˈneɪtɪv həˈwaɪənz rɪˈspɑndɪd ənd əˈdæptɪd tɪ ðiz ˈsizənəl ənd ˌɛpəˈsɑdɪk ɪˈvɛnts. tɪ du ðɪs, ðeɪ hæv ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə həˈwaɪən ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ ðiz lɑrʤ skeɪl ˈklaɪmɪt ˈpætərnz əˈfɛktɪd. ““surprisingly*, wi hæv nɑt sin ˈɛvədəns əv hɪˈstɔrɪkəl fishkills*, ənd wi haɪˈpɑθəˌsaɪz ðət ˈiðər wər məʧ lɛs ˈvəlnərəbəl tɪ ðiz ɪˈvɛnts, ər ðiz ɪˈvɛnts wər məʧ lɛs səˈvɪr, ər ðət ɑr (elder/ancestor*) dɪˈvɛləpt əˈdæptɪv ˈmɛʒərz tɪ ˈkɑmbæt ðiz events,”*,” sɛd alegado*.
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for centuries, indigenous peoples of the hawaiian islands practiced sustainable aquaculture by building walled fishponds in coastal estuaries. historical records estimate that, in the early 1900s, an extensive network of more than 450 fishponds across the hawaiian islands produced upward of 2 million pounds of fish annually and supported large thriving communities. currently, worldwide aquaculture accounts for almost one-half of fish consumption.
researchers with the university of hawaiʻi at mānoa’s school of ocean and earth science and technology (soest) and native hawaiian fishpond stewards paepae o heʻeia formed a collaborative partnership to understand the role of climate change in subtropical coastal estuarine environments within the context of aquaculture practices in heʻeia fishpond on oʻahu. results published recently in plosone indicate that there is a relationship between two periods of high fish mortality at heʻeia fishpond and changes in the climate.
“today, a majority of hawaiian fishponds have been lost to coastal development and urbanization, but a growing community-based movement is working to restore and revitalize hawaiian fishponds as a cornerstone to sustainable food fish production and resilient communities in an era of declining reef fish stocks,” said hiʻilei kawelo, paepae o heʻeia executive director.
however, these efforts are threatened by uncertainty over the effects of short- and long-term environmental changes, specifically storms and fluctuations in extreme seawater temperature that bring new stressors and exacerbate existing management challenges.
new understanding informs resource management
throughout the 12-year study from 2004 to 2016, the partners measured winds, tides, temperature, water height, water movement and suspended material and phytoplankton in the water; and fish number, density and length. during this time, hawaiʻi experienced periodic effects of el niño such as slackening trade winds and warmer surface waters.
the partners correlated two periods of extremely high fish mortality at heʻeia fishpond with weakened trade winds in the week preceding each mortality event, as well as surface water temperatures 2 to 3 degrees celsius warmer than normal. they posit that the lack of trade wind-driven surface water mixing enhanced surface heating of the fishpond, leading to stagnant conditions and stress on fish populations.
“our results provide empirical evidence regarding el niño effects on the coastal ocean, which can inform resource management efforts about the potential impact of climate variation on aquaculture production,” said rosie alegado, corresponding author of the study and assistant professor in the soest department of oceanography and university of hawaiʻi sea grant college program (hawaiʻi sea grant).
as climate change is predicted to alter the intensity, frequency and geographic patterns of el niño events, the partners developed three recommendations to reduce the impact of warming events on fishponds and limit the mortality of moi. they recommended moving net pens closer to the mākāhā (sluice gates) with the highest flow rates of ocean water entering the fishpond which will decrease water temperatures and increase aeration in the pens. additional steps include installing artificial aeration systems in the pens to limit stagnation and low oxygen, and implementing flexible harvest strategies at the onset of a warming event.
using hawaiian language newspapers to examine the past
to broaden understanding of heʻeia fishpond, the partners will next examine the impact of restoration on water chemistry in the fishpond over the past 10 years using a longtime series of data funded by hawaiʻi sea grant. additionally, they are trying to determine how native hawaiians responded and adapted to these seasonal and episodic events. to do this, they have initiated investigation into the hawaiian language newspapers to understand how these large scale climate patterns affected hawaiʻi.
“surprisingly, we have not seen evidence of historical fishkills, and we hypothesize that either fishponds were much less vulnerable to these events, or these events were much less severe, or that our kupuna (elder/ancestor) developed adaptive measures to combat these events,” said alegado.
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ˈɪʃu 317 noʊˈvɛmbər, 2017 nuz ən ˈəpˌdeɪt ɔn ðə ˈwərkˌfloʊ ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv fər frəm draɪz buytaert*. kɔl fər ˈpeɪpərz fər 2018 ɪn ˈnæʃvɪl ər naʊ ˈoʊpən. "ðə əˈbʤɛktɪv əv ðə ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt ˈfreɪmˌwərk ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ɪz tɪ ˈmɑdərˌnaɪz ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt, tɪ meɪk kɔr ˌbæˈkɛnd ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ðət ɪˈneɪbəl ˈjuˈɛs tɪ bɪld wɪθ ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt, ənd tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr wɛr kən ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt ˈfreɪmˌwərk." frəm ɑr ˈspɑnsər ˈɑrtɪkəlz ˈspɑnsərd dɪˈspleɪɪŋ ə ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈɪmɪʤ ɪn 8 kən bi ə ˈlɪtəl ˈtrɪki. ˈfɑloʊ əˈlɔŋ ɛz ˈvɛri oʊn mɑrk ˈkɑrvər ˌɪntrəˈdusɪz ə nu, 8 ˈmɑʤul fər ˈædɪŋ ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈɪmɪʤɪz tɪ jʊr saɪt. tuˈtɔriəlz ˈspɑnsərd lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ˌɔtəˈmætɪk kɔr ˈəpˌdeɪts: ɛz pɑrt əv ðə strəˈtiʤɪkəl əv ənd haʊ ɪt wərks ɪn ˈəðər ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ səˈluʃənz. bi pɑrt əv ðə dɪˈskəʃən ənd meɪk ðə ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ənd jʊr saɪts mɔr sɪˈkjʊr! ɪn ðɪs poʊst ju wɪl lərn haʊ tɪ ʃoʊ ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd koʊd sˈnɪpəts ɪn jʊr ˈkɑntɛnt. ˈprɑʤɛkts ðɪs peɪʤ ɪz ˈtɑrgətɪd təˈwɔrdz kənˈtrɪbjətərz ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ ʤəmp ɪn ənd meɪk ðə nɛkst riˈlis ə səkˈsɛs. ɪf ju ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ɛkˈspɛrəˌmɛntɪŋ wɪθ riækt fər kɔr ˈædmɪn ˈɪnərˌfeɪsɪz ʧɛk aʊt ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt. tɔks rɪˈlisɪz
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issue 317 - november, 30th 2017
news
an update on the workflow initiative for drupal from dries buytaert.
call for papers for drupalcon 2018 in nashville are now open.
"the objective of the javascript framework initiative is to modernize drupal core's javascript, to make drupal core backend improvements that enable us to build uis with javascript, and to explore where drupal can benefit from using a javascript framework."
from our sponsor
articles
sponsored
displaying a background image in drupal 8 can be a little tricky. follow along as tag1’s very own mark carver introduces a new, easy-to-use drupal 8 module for adding background images to your site.
tutorials
sponsored
learn more about automatic drupal core updates: as part of the strategical roadmap of drupal and how it works in other existing solutions. be part of the discussion and make the drupal ecosystem and your sites more secure!
in this post you will learn how to show highlighted code snippets in your drupal content.
projects
this page is targeted towards drupal contributors hoping to jump in and make the next release a success.
if you are interested in experimenting with react for drupal core admin interfaces check out this project.
talks
releases
podcasts
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əˈbaʊt wɔnt tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ steɪ əp tɪ deɪt, ər hæv ˈɛni kˈwɛsʧənz? ju kən riʧ ˈjuˈɛs hir: ˈfeɪsˌbʊk: tˈwɪtər: iˈmeɪl: ““ludoversity*: ə ˈspænɪʃ adventure”*” ɪz ən ədˈvɛnʧər geɪm ðət ˈtiʧɪz ju ˈspænɪʃ ɛz ju pleɪ. ɪts ə wərld fʊl əv ˈmæʤɪk, kwɛsts, ˌɛksplərˈeɪʃən, ənd ˈmɑnstərz. ju wɪl ɪkˈsplɔr ðə ˈhɪstəri əv speɪn ənd ˈleɪtər saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə frəm ˈroʊmən taɪmz tɪ ðə ˈmɑdərn deɪ. ən ˈivəl ˈsɔrsərər ɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ ɪˈreɪs speɪn frəm ˈhɪstəri, ˈlivɪŋ ˈnəθɪŋ bət ə ˈgeɪpɪŋ hoʊl ɪn ɪts pleɪs. ɛz ðə læst ˈstudənt əv ˈspænɪʃ, ju ər trænˈspɔrtəd bæk ɪn taɪm tɪ rɪˈstɔr ˈhɪstəri tɪ ɪts ərˈɪʤənəl pæθ. ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn ə smɔl ˈvɪlɪʤ ɪn castile*, ju hɛlp ðə ˈsɪtɪzənz wɪθ ˈdeɪli tæsks ənd lərn ðə ˈbeɪsɪks əv ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən. ˈɛvəri nu wərd ɪz kəˈlɛktəd ɪn jʊr spell-book*, ənd wɪθ ˈɛvəri nu wərd ju dɪˈskəvər, ə pɑrt əv speɪn ɪz rɪˈstɔrd. wəns ju liv ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ, ju wɪl goʊ ɔn ædˈvɛnʧərz ənd mit hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈfɪgjərz ənd ˈmɪθɪkəl bists. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈfaɪtɪŋ əˈpoʊnənts wɪθ sɔrdz ɛz ju wʊd ɪn ˈəðər rpgs*, ju wɪl nid tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ðɛm baɪ ˈkæstɪŋ spɛlz ɪn ˈspænɪʃ. moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, ðɪs ɪz ə geɪm. ɪts ˈizi tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ənd fən tɪ pleɪ. ɔl ˈlərnɪŋ ɪz ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl, bɪˈkəz wi hæv pʊt ˈspænɪʃ æt ðə ˈvɛri kɔr əv ˈgeɪmˌpleɪ. ju wɪl ˈnɛvər bi æst tɪ pɔz ðə geɪm tɪ ˈstədi səm voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛri, ər tɪ lərn ə ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd grəˈmætɪkəl rul. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ˈlərnɪŋ ɪz ðə ˈgeɪmˌpleɪ ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ənd ju wɪl fil jʊr ˈmæstəri əv ˈspænɪʃ ˌɪmˈpruv ɛz ju ˈprɑˌgrɛs θru ðə ˈstɔri ənd ˈlɛvəlz əv ðə geɪm. ðɪs geɪm ɪz fər ju, ˈwɛðər ju ər ən ˈævɪd ˈgeɪmər ər nɑt. ðə geɪm əˈdæpts tɪ jʊr ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd wɪl sˈloʊli ˌɪntrəˈdus ju tɪ ˈgeɪmɪŋ ɪf ju ər nu, ər θroʊ ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈʧælənʤɪz æt ju ɪf ju ər ən ˈɛkspərt ˈdənʤən crawler*. ɪt wɪl rən ɔn ˈpiˈsi ənd mæk; wɪl lʊk æt ˈkɑnsoʊl ənd ˈlɪnəks səˈpɔrt ˈleɪtər. ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz əv ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl pleɪər ˈkɛrɪktər. θɪŋk əv ðə geɪm ɛz ə ˈlɛʒər ækˈtɪvɪti, tɪ pleɪ ɪn ðə ˈivnɪŋ ˈæftər work/school*, ər ɔn ðə ˈwiˌkɛndz. ˈlərnɪŋ ˈspænɪʃ ɪz ʤɪst ən ˈædɪd ˈboʊnəs. ˈmeɪbi juv ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈwɔntɪd tɪ lərn ə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ bət ˈnɛvər hæd ðə taɪm. ər juv ˈstɑrtɪd ˈlərnɪŋ ə ˈfɔrən ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, bət gɑt bɔrd ər ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ. wi ˈprɑməs ju ðət ðə ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ˈgeɪmˌpleɪ ənd ˈkæptɪˌveɪtɪŋ ˈstɔri ɑr wɪl kip ju ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd tɪ ˈfɑloʊ θru, wɪˈθaʊt ðə peɪnz əv ˈstədiɪŋ. ju wɪl lərn haʊ tɪ rɛd, raɪt, ˈlɪsən tɪ ənd spik ˈspænɪʃ. wi plæn tɪ ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli tiʧ ˈspænɪʃ tɪ ðə ˈsiˈtu (ˈmæstəri) ˈlɛvəl, bət ðɪs ɪz fər ˈlɛvəl -bɪˈgɪnərz ˈlɛvəl -ɪkˈwɪvələnt tɪ 75 aʊərz əv ˈstədi 500 tɪ 600 wərdz əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ju wɪl lərn əˈbaʊt ˈspænɪʃ ˈhɪstəri ənd ˈkəlʧər. ɔl ˈlərnɪŋ wɪl bi ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl! ju wɪl ˈnɛvər hæv tɪ sɪt daʊn ənd ˈstədi voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛri. ðə eɪm əv ɪz tɪ meɪk ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˌɪnˈtrɪnsɪkəli fən baɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ geɪmz wɪʧ tiʧ ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli ˈrəðər ðən ɪkˈsplɪsətli. wi bɪˈliv ðət ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən təˈdeɪ ɪz ˈfɑlɪŋ ʃɔrt əv ɪts pəˈtɛnʃəl. skulz ˈstaɪfəl ˌkrieɪˈtɪvəti ənd dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs feɪl tɪ ɪˈfɪʃəntli ˌɪnˈstɪl ˈnɑlɪʤ. ðə ki tɪ ɪˈfɪʃənt ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ɪz ˌɪnˈtrɪnsɪk ˈɪntəˌrɛst əv ðə ˈlərnər, wɪʧ kən ˈoʊnli bi əˈʧivd baɪ ə fən ˈlərnɪŋ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ə ˈsəbʤɪkt ʃʊd ˈðɛrˌfɔr hæv ə speɪs ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈlərnər filz kəmˈpɛld tɪ lərn ðə məˈtɪriəl. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr hæv bɪn ˈmɛni əˈtɛmpts æt ðɪs ɪn ðə neɪm əv gamification*, ðeɪ ˈsoʊəli kənˈtrɪbjut ɛkˈstrɪnsɪk ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən wɪθ ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈifɛkt. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈtruli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪt ðə ˈlərnər, ˈlərnɪŋ ʃʊd bi ə geɪm, wɪθ ˈlərnɪŋ ɛz ən əˈtræktɪv kɔr mɪˈkænɪk ˈrəðər ðən ə ʧɔr tɪ bi rɪˈwɔrdɪd. ðɪs ɪz wət prəˈvaɪdz. ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt rɪˈlaɪz ɪnˈtaɪərli ɔn crowdfunding*. ðət minz ɑr ˈbəʤɪt dɪˈpɛndz ɔn haʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ səˈpɔrt ˈjuˈɛs, ənd ðə geɪm wɪl ˈoʊnli bi dɪˈvɛləpt ɪf wi riʧ ɑr goʊl əv ɪf ju wʊd laɪk tɪ hɛlp, pliz faɪnd ə rɪˈwɔrd tir wɪʧ suts ju ɔn ðə raɪt, ənd hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs meɪk ɑr drim bɪˈkəm ə ˌriˈæləˌti. wɪl bi fərˈɛvər ˈgreɪtfəl! ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn əv ɑr ˈprɑʤɛkt kɔsts. maɪt saʊnd laɪk ə lɑrʤ səm, bət moʊst geɪmz kɔst məʧ mɔr tɪ dɪˈvɛləp. wi hæv tɪ peɪ ˈproʊˌgræmərz, ˈɑrtɪsts, ˈraɪtərz ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðərz, rɛnt ən ˈɔfəs, peɪ fər ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈlaɪsənsɪz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈmɪnəməm ˈbəʤɪt fər wɪʧ wi kən dɪˈvɛləp ə greɪt ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈlərnɪŋ geɪm. ɪn fækt wi hoʊp tɪ reɪz əˈdɪʃənəl fəndz ˈleɪtər fər nu ˈfiʧərz ənd ˈkɑntɛnt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi ˈprɑməs ðət ɪf ðɪs goʊl ɪz riʧt, ju wɪl bi pleɪɪŋ wɪˈθɪn ə jɪr!
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about
want to follow us to stay up to date, or have any questions? you can reach us here:
facebook: http://fb.com/ludoversity
twitter: @ludoversity
email: info@ludoversity.com
“ludoversity: a spanish adventure” is an adventure game that teaches you spanish as you play. it's a world full of magic, quests, exploration, and monsters. you will explore the history of spain and later south america from roman times to the modern day.
an evil sorcerer is trying to erase spain from history, leaving nothing but a gaping hole in its place. as the last student of spanish, you are transported back in time to restore history to its original path. starting in a small village in castile, you help the citizens with daily tasks and learn the basics of conversation. every new word is collected in your spell-book, and with every new word you discover, a part of spain is restored.
once you leave the village, you will go on adventures and meet historical figures and mythical beasts. instead of fighting opponents with swords as you would in other rpgs, you will need to overcome them by casting spells in spanish.
most importantly, this is a game. it's easy to get into and fun to play. all learning is incidental, because we have put spanish at the very core of gameplay. you will never be asked to pause the game to study some vocabulary, or to learn a complicated grammatical rule. instead, learning is the gameplay itself, and you will feel your mastery of spanish improve as you progress through the story and levels of the game.
this game is for you, whether you are an avid gamer or not. the game adapts to your experience and will slowly introduce you to gaming if you are new, or throw difficult challenges at you if you are an expert dungeon crawler. it will run on pc and mac; we'll look at console and linux support later.
variations of the female player character.
think of the game as a leisure activity, to play in the evening after work/school, or on the weekends. learning spanish is just an added bonus. maybe you've always wanted to learn a language but never had the time. or you've started learning a foreign language, but got bored or frustrated along the way. we promise you that the exciting gameplay and captivating story our ludoversity will keep you motivated to follow through, without the pains of studying.
you will learn how to read, write, listen to and speak spanish. we plan to eventually teach spanish to the c2 (mastery) level, but this kickstarter is for level a1:
-beginner's level
-equivalent to 75 hours of study
-500 to 600 words
additionally, you will learn about spanish history and culture. all learning will be incidental! you will never have to sit down and study vocabulary.
the aim of ludoversity is to make education intrinsically fun by creating games which teach incidentally rather than explicitly. we believe that education today is falling short of its potential. schools stifle creativity and despite this fail to efficiently instill knowledge.
the key to efficient education is intrinsic interest of the learner, which can only be achieved by a fun learning environment. a subject should therefore have a space in which the learner feels compelled to learn the material. although there have been many attempts at this in the name of gamification, they solely contribute extrinsic motivation with limited effect.
in order to truly motivate the learner, learning should be a game, with learning as an attractive core mechanic rather than a chore to be rewarded. this is what ludoversity provides.
this project relies entirely on crowdfunding. that means our budget depends on how many people are willing to support us, and the game will only be developed if we reach our goal of €50.000. if you would like to help, please find a reward tier which suits you on the right, and help us make our dream become a reality. we'll be forever grateful!
breakdown of our project costs.
€50.000 might sound like a large sum, but most games cost much more to develop. we have to pay programmers, artists, writers and many others, rent an office, pay for software licences, etc. this is the minimum budget for which we can develop a great language learning game. in fact we hope to raise additional funds later for new features and content. however, we promise that if this goal is reached, you will be playing ludoversity within a year!
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ˈɪntroʊ tɪ ˈprɪnɪŋ: ðə nɛkst ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈpərsɪnəl ˌfæbrɪˈkeɪʃən ənd ˈhæpənɪŋ naʊ. ˈprɪnɪŋ ɪz pɔɪzd tɪ ənˈlɑk ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈpərsən tɪ kriˈeɪt, ˈɪnəˌveɪt, ənd ˈfæbrəˌkeɪt. ɔˈrɛdi trænsˈfɔrmɪŋ ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ; sun ɪt wɪl ʧeɪnʤ ðə wərld. ɪn ðɪs klæs wɪl ˈkəvər: ðə ˈbeɪsɪks əv ˈædɪtɪv ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ (a.k.a*. ˈprɪnɪŋ) ˈvɛriəs ˈprɪnɪŋ tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ɛz wɛl ɛz ðɛr ædˈvæntɪʤɪz ənd ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤz ˈkɑrənt ənd pəˈtɛnʃəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz əv ˈprɪnɪŋ ɪn ɑr ˈɛvriˈdeɪ lɪvz səm gʊd (fri) ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈɔpʃənz fər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ ˈmɑdəlɪŋ bɛst weɪz tɪ gɪt ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ ˈprɪnɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ˈbreɪkɪŋ ðə bæŋk wɪl hæv ə ˈprɪnər ɔn dɪˈspleɪ ˈdʊrɪŋ klæs ənd wɪl bi ˈgɪvɪŋ əˈweɪ səm fən ˌsuvəˈnɪrz tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəpənts. hoʊp tɪ si ju ðɛr! klæs saɪz: 16 kriˈeɪtərz (noʊ ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər ðɪs klæs ənd ɪt ɪz ˈoʊpən tɪ kriˈeɪtərz əv ɔl ˈeɪʤɪz.) praɪs: ˈpəblɪk 10 peɪd ˈmɛmbərz fri priˈrɛkwəzəts: nən brɪŋ: kˈwɛsʧənz ənd aɪˈdiəz tɪ ɪnˈroʊl: ˈpəblɪk klæs ˈpeɪmənt wɪl bi kəˈlɛktəd hir ɔn wɪn ju rsvp*. fʊl ˈmɛmbərz ˈmɛsɪʤ ˈjuˈɛs daʊn bɪˈloʊ ənd ju wɪl bi ˈædɪd tɪ ðə klæs æt noʊ ʧɑrʤ. tɪ ʤɔɪn ˈʧɑrəlstən goʊ hir. (https://reforgechs.silkstart.com/join*)
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intro to 3d printing: the next industrial revolution is all about personal fabrication and it’s happening now. 3d printing is poised to unlock the potential in every person to create, innovate, and fabricate. it’s already transforming manufacturing; soon it will change the world.
in this class we'll cover:
• the basics of additive manufacturing (a.k.a. 3d printing)
• various 3d printing technologies as well as their advantages and disadvantages
• current and potential applications of 3d printing in our everyday lives
• some good (free) software options for getting started with 3d modeling
• best ways to get started with 3d printing without breaking the bank
we'll have a 3d printer on display during class and will be giving away some fun 3d-printed souvenirs to participants. hope to see you there!
class size: 16 creators (no experience is necessary for this class and it is open to creators of all ages.)
price: public = $10, paid members = free
prerequisites: none
bring: questions and ideas
to enroll: public -- class payment will be collected here on meetup when you rsvp. full members -- message us down below and you will be added to the class at no charge.
to join reforge charleston go here. (https://reforgechs.silkstart.com/join)
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gm* dəg ˈweɪli sɛd ðə bɪlz' ˈsæləri kæp ˈprɑbləmz prɪˈvɛnɪd ðɛm frəm ˈtɛndərɪŋ ˈʧɑrəlz ɛz ə riˈstrɪktɪd fri ˈeɪʤənt ˈbəfəˌloʊ bɪlz dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl ˈstɛfɑn ˈʧɑrəlz. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: lɪn sˈlædki, əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs) ˈboʊkə rəˈtoʊn, fla*. ðə ˈbəfəˌloʊ bɪlz ʧoʊz nɑt tɪ ˈtɛndər dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl ˈstɛfɑn ˈʧɑrəlz ɛz ə riˈstrɪktɪd fri ˈeɪʤənt ðɪs off-season*, ˈlivɪŋ ðə dɔr ˈoʊpən fər ðə ˈdiˌtrɔɪt laɪənz tɪ saɪn ɪm tɪ ə ˈwənˌjɪr ˈkɑnˌtrækt ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ. bət bɪlz ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər dəg ˈweɪli sɛd æt ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈoʊnərz ˈmitɪŋz təˈdeɪ ðət ˈbəfəˌloʊz hænz wər taɪd wɪn ɪt keɪm tɪ ˈlɛtɪŋ ˈʧɑrəlz goʊ. peɪ ˈɛvriˌbɑdi," ˈweɪli sɛd. ʤɪst, ɪf ju lʊk æt wət duɪŋ ənd wət wi gɑt ɑr ˈməni taɪd əp ɪn, wi gɑt ɑr ˈməni taɪd əp wɪθ ə lɔt əv gʊd ˈstɑrtərz ənd ˈbæˌkəps ənd ju gɑt tɪ pɪk ənd ʧuz. ʤɪst ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə bist ðiz deɪz." ˈʧɑrəlz pleɪd 13 geɪmz ənd meɪd wən stɑrt ɛz ə roʊˈteɪʃənəl dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl fər ðə bɪlz læst jɪr, bət simd tɪ fɔl aʊt əv ˈfeɪvər wɪn rɛks raɪən swɪʧt tɪ ə dɪˈfɛns. æt ənd 323 paʊnz, ˈʧɑrəlz ɪz kənˈsɪdərd ən əˈbəv ˈævərɪʤ rən dɪˈfɛndər, bət ˈweɪli, hu saɪnd ˈʧɑrəlz ɔf ðə ˌtɛnəˈsi ˈtaɪtənz ˈpræktɪs skwɑd ɪn 2013 sɛd hiz dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ɛz ə pæs ˈrəʃər, tu. "aɪ lʊk æt ɪt ðɪs weɪ" ˈweɪli sɛd. gɑt ə trɪˈmɛndəs ˈəpˈsaɪd, bət ə hɑrd ˈwərkər. ˈvɛri ˈdɪlɪʤənt əˈbaʊt hɪz kræft. ənd ə gaɪ bɪg ənd ˈmæsɪv ənd ɪf ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə gaɪ ðət kən pleɪ əˈgɛnst ðə rən ənd həz gɑt pəˈtɛnʃəl ɛz ə pæs ˈrəʃər, ɪm." ðə laɪənz peɪd ˈʧɑrəlz laɪk ðeɪ ɪkˈspɛkt sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz frəm ɪm ðɪs jɪr ˈmɪljən) dɪˈspaɪt rɪˈtərnɪŋ ðɛr tɔp fɔr ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈlaɪnmən frəm læst ˈsizən. ənd ˈwɔkər ər prɑˈʤɛktəd tɪ stɑrt æt dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl ðɪs fɔl, wɪθ ˈʧɑrəlz, rid ənd geɪb raɪt pəˈtɛnʃəli ɪn ðə roʊˈteɪʃən. "ɪf ju lʊk æt ɪm ˈfɪzɪkəli, ðə haɪt, weɪt, spid ənd ʤɪst ðə paʊər ənd ðə ˈlɛvərɪʤ hi pleɪz wɪθ," ˈweɪli sɛd əv ˈʧɑrəlz. "ənd hi pleɪd ðət lɔŋ ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ˈkænədə, soʊ gɑt tɪ gɪt ɪkˈspoʊʒər soʊ goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈbɛtər ənd ˈbɛtər." ˈkɑnˌtækt deɪv ˈbərkɪt æt dbirkett@freepress.com*. ˈfɑloʊ ɪm ɔn twitter@davebirkett*. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɑr fri laɪənz ˈɛkstrə æp ɔn jʊr ˈæpəl ənd ˈænˌdrɔɪd dɪˈvaɪsɪz.
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gm doug whaley said the bills' salary cap problems prevented them from tendering charles as a restricted free agent
buffalo bills defensive tackle stefan charles. (photo: lynne sladky, associated press)
boca raton, fla. - the buffalo bills chose not to tender defensive tackle stefan charles as a restricted free agent this off-season, leaving the door open for the detroit lions to sign him to a one-year contract earlier this month.
but bills general manager doug whaley said at the nfl owners meetings today that buffalo's hands were tied when it came to letting charles go.
"can’t pay everybody," whaley said. "it’s just, if you look at what we’re doing and what we got our money tied up in, we got our money tied up with a lot of good starters and backups and you got to pick and choose. just the nature of the beast these days."
charles played 13 games and made one start as a rotational defensive tackle for the bills last year, but seemed to fall out of favor when rex ryan switched to a 3-4 defense.
at 6-feet-5 and 323 pounds, charles is considered an above average run defender, but whaley, who signed charles off the tennessee titans practice squad in 2013, said he's developing as a pass rusher, too.
"i look at it this way" whaley said. "he’s got a tremendous upside, but he’s a hard worker. very diligent about his craft. and he’s a guy big and massive and if you’re looking for a guy that can play against the run and has got potential as a pass rusher, him."
the lions paid charles like they expect significant contributions from him this year ($1.75 million) despite returning their top four interior linemen from last season.
haloti ngata and tyrunn walker are projected to start at defensive tackle this fall, with charles, caraun reid and gabe wright potentially in the rotation.
"if you look at him physically, the height, weight, speed and just the power and the leverage he plays with," whaley said of charles. "and he hasn’t played that long coming from canada, so he’s got to get exposure so he’s going to get better and better."
contact dave birkett at dbirkett@freepress.com. follow him on twitter@davebirkett.
download our free lions xtra app on your apple and android devices.
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əˈsərtɪŋ ðət ðɛr wɑz noʊ ‘‘modiwave’*’ ɪn ðɪs kənˈstɪʧuənsi, ˈkænədɪt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ sɛd vi keɪ sɪŋ wɑz biɪŋ juzd ɛz lamb”*” baɪ hu həz lɛft ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈɑrmi ʧif haɪ ənd draɪ. ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ɪz wɪθ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, vi keɪ sɪŋ ɪz nɑt ə bɪg gaɪ laɪk sɪŋ. wət ɪz ðɪs nu gaɪ duɪŋ? hæd hi kənˈtɛstəd frəm noida*, hi wʊd hæv ˈmænɪʤd ə lɔt əv voʊts frəm ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz. bət, hi həz bɪn ˈgɪvɪn. soʊ, hi ɪz ˈtoʊtəli ə ˌsækrəˈfɪʃəl lamb,”*,” sɛd. ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðət ðɛr wɑz noʊ ““so-called”*” ˈmoʊdi weɪv ɪn ðɪs ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl kənˈstɪʧuənsi, ˈbɔrdərɪŋ ˈdɛli, ʃi sɛd ɪf æt ɔl ɪt wɑz ðɛr ðɛn ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt wʊd nɑt hæv tɪ rən əˈweɪ. ˈprɛzɪdənt sɪŋ, hu wən ðə sit ɪn 2009 dɪˈfitɪŋ ˈkɑŋgrəs ˈkænədɪt prɑˈkɑʃ goyal*, ɪz kənˈtɛstɪŋ frəm ðɪs taɪm. ə ˈsinjər ˈlidər du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, waɪ ðeɪ sɛnd ðɪs nu gaɪ? aɪ hæv nɑt sin ˈɛni ˈmoʊdi weɪv. ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt ɪz ðɛr, ɪt ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ əbˈstrəkt baɪ ənd ən ædˈvæntɪʤ fər me,”*,” sɛd. ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ðə sɛd ʃi həz juʤ ʧæns əv victory”*” frəm ənd həz səˈpɔrt frəm əˈkrɔs kæst laɪnz ɪn ðə kənˈstɪʧuənsi wɪʧ həz ən ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈivɪn ˈrʊrəl ənd ˈərbən ˈvoʊtərz ˈtoʊtəlɪŋ ˈvoʊtərz. ˈæftər ˈwɪnɪŋ ɪˈlɛkʃən, ʃi ˌɪnˈtɛndz tɪ ə lɔt əv work”*” fər ðə kənˈstɪʧuənsi wɛr ðə ɪz ɪkˈstrimli bad”*”. tərmz əv dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ɪt ɪz ˈhɔrəbəl. raɪt frəm suərɪʤ laɪn, ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən tɪ roʊdz, ɔl ər ɪn ˌənbəˈlivəbəl kənˈdɪʃən. ˈseɪfti ɪz ə bɪg ˈɪʃu. ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti ɪz ə ˈsɪriəs ˈprɑbləm. smɔl ənd bɪg ˈɪndəstriz ər ˈtoʊtəli ʃət daʊn bɪˈkəz əv extortion,”*,” sɛd. ðə ˈpɑrti, ʃi sɛd, wʊd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli lʊk æt ˈhævɪŋ ɪts ənd ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtərz ɪn ðə steɪt ˈsəbsəkwəntli soʊ ðət dɪˈvɛləpmənt wərk kʊd bi ˌfæstˈpeɪst ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ deɪz.
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