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oakland (cbs sf) — dozens of residents enduring poor living conditions at a tenement building in oakland’s chinatown neighborhood may face eviction.
the dozens of tenants share just a few toilets and a single kitchen. they claim their landlord created a five-month nightmare to force them out.
now, the city of oakland is suing, accusing the landlord of deliberately creating unbearable living conditions.
the building is located on eighth street, on the edge of oakland’s chinatown neighborhood. most of the tenants who live in the building do not speak english and most are low-income chinese families and seniors.
they rent a single-occupancy room and the tenants all share bathrooms and kitchens.
the tenants are accusing the new owners of harassing them, trying to force them out.
the chinese immigrants who live in the building say they came to america for a better life, but that the living conditions in their oakland building are worse than a developing nation.
one woman showed kpix 5 how the tenants have been showering for the past week. they’ve been using an umbrella because of a ceiling leak.
tenants also say contractors gutted several bathrooms back in february, leaving three toilets for 28 families to use. five months later, still no relief in sight.
tenant mark yan wong, said “some seniors cannot wait. they use bucket to pee in the bucket.”
wong has lived in the building for 25 years and he’s one of the very few tenants in the building who can speaks some english.
wong said the kitchen was demolished five months ago and hasn’t been renovated.
some of the units do have their own bathrooms, but all 36 families in the building now rely on one kitchen. wong says the line waiting to cook at night gets long.
the tenants say that ever since the new owners bought the building last year, they’ve been subjected to harassment. they believe it’s a tactic to force them to move out of the building..
they say a few fed up families have already left.
“if evicted, i will be homeless,” wong said.
the city of oakland and tenants’ advocates are now suing the owners.
christina dang, with advancing justice – asian law caucus, said “housing is a human right. all we’re asking the landlord is to follow the law.”
thomas kerbleski with lakeside investment company, said “we definitely have not been harassing anybody in the building.”
the new owners blame the delays in renovating the kitchen and bathrooms on contractor issues.
kerbleski said, “from an outside point of view, five months may sound like a long time. but any construction project that’s an older building makes it longer.”
they say they’re an investment company and intend to make money, but will do everything according to the law.
kerbleski said the rooms in their current conditions are well below market value.
the long time tenants pay between $400 and $600 a month for a room. their building is one of the few single room occupancy buildings left in oakland.
“by cleaning it, rents will naturally go up,” kerbleski said.
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ʤoʊ ˈgoʊmɛz həz ədˈmɪtəd ðət hɪz ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ rɪˈkəvəri ˈprɔˌsɛs frəm ə ˈrəpʧərd ænˈtɪriər ˈlɪgəmənt ˈɪnʤəri wʊd hæv bɪn 'ənˈbɛrəbəl' ɪf nɑt fər ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ˈdæni, hu ˈsəfərd ðə seɪm feɪt ə deɪ ˈæftər ðə ˈlɪvərˌpul dɪˈfɛndər wɑz ruld aʊt fər ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈsizən. ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈʧɑrltən stɑr ɪz glæd tɪ hæv hɪz ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈtiˌmeɪt əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ɪm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɛr rɪˈkəvəri ˈprɔˌsɛs, ədˈmɪtɪŋ ðət ðeɪ hæv bɪn 'ˈbaʊnsɪŋ' ɔf iʧ ˈəðər tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ˈpɑzətɪv. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈdeɪli meɪl, ˈgoʊmɛz ɪz sɛt tɪ bi ˈsaɪˌdlaɪnd fər æt list naɪn mənθs, waɪl kʊd rɪˈtərn ˈsunər. ðə dɪˈfɛndər ˈstɑrtɪd ðə fərst faɪv prɛˈmɪr lig geɪmz əv ðə ˈsizən ˈəndər ˈfɔrmər ˈmænɪʤər ˈbrɛndən ˈrɑʤərz ənd ˈsəfərd ðə ˈɪnʤəri ʤɪst əˈhɛd əv ˈʤərgən fərst geɪm ɪn ʧɑrʤ ˈmɪdˌweɪ θru ɑkˈtoʊbər 2015 hi həz ədˈmɪtəd ðət ðə ˈɪnʤəri keɪm ɛz ə bɪg bloʊ tɪ boʊθ əv ðɛm, bət ɪz ˈkɑnfədənt ðət ðeɪ kən hɛlp iʧ ˈəðər rɪˈmeɪn ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə təf rɪˈkəvəri ˈprɔˌsɛs. "wi kəm ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ɑr ˈskɛʤʊl ɪz kwaɪt sɛt æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt," ˈgoʊmɛz toʊld goal.com*. "æt fərst, aɪ ˈdɪdənt ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈriəˌlaɪz haʊ məʧ əv ə hɛlp hid bi ˈdʊrɪŋ hoʊl ˈprɔˌsɛs. maɪ ˈɪnʤəri ˈhædənt ˈivɪn ˈprɑpərli hɪt mi jɛt ənd wɑz ə deɪ ˈleɪtər. ɪt wɑz ˈgətɪŋ fər ˈjuˈɛs boʊθ ənd təf tɪ teɪk." "wi ˈdɪdənt hæv taɪm tɪ ˈdaɪʤɛst ɪt ɪn ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ, bət ðɛrz ˈmoʊmənts naʊ aɪl bi duɪŋ ə ˈsɛʃən ənd θɪŋk tɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf 'ˌɪˈmæʤən ɪf aɪ hæd tɪ du ɔl ðɪs ɔn maɪ oʊn.' ɪt wʊd bi hɑrd tɪ," ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈʧɑrltən dɪˈfɛndər ɪkˈspleɪnd. "hiz səʧ ən ˈəˌplɪftɪŋ gaɪ ənd ðæts ɪgˈzæktli wət ju nid əraʊnd ju. wi baʊns ɔf iʧ ˈəðər ˈrɪli wɛl ənd ɪts greɪt ðət wi kən ˈmoʊtəˌveɪt iʧ ˈəðər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˈpɪriəd," hi ˈædɪd.
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joe gomez has admitted that his ongoing recovery process from a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament injury would have been 'unbearable' if not for the presence of danny ings, who suffered the same fate a day after the liverpool defender was ruled out for the rest of the season. the former charlton star is glad to have his international teammate alongside him during their recovery process, admitting that they have been 'bouncing' off each other to remain positive.
according to the daily mail, gomez is set to be sidelined for at least nine months, while ings could return sooner. the defender started the first five premier league games of the season under former manager brendan rodgers and suffered the injury just ahead of jurgen klopp's first game in charge midway through october 2015. he has admitted that the injury came as a big blow to both of them, but is confident that they can help each other remain motivated during the tough recovery process.
"we come in every morning, our schedule is quite set at the moment," gomez told goal.com.
"at first, i didn't actually realise how much of a help he'd be during whole process. my injury hadn't even properly hit me yet and ingsy's was a day later. it was gutting for us both and tough to take."
"we didn't have time to digest it in the beginning, but there's moments now i'll be doing a session and think to myself 'imagine if i had to do all this on my own.' it would be hard to," the former charlton defender explained.
"he's such an uplifting guy and that's exactly what you need around you. we bounce off each other really well and it's great that we can motivate each other during this period," he added.
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ˈwɔʃɪŋtən (ˈrɔɪtərz) hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrərz wɪl peɪ ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈriˌbeɪts tɪ kənˈsumərz ənd ɪmˈplɔɪərz ðɪs jɪr ˈəndər ə prəˈvɪʒən əv ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˈhɛlθˌkɛr rɪˈfɔrm lɔ ðət ˈpɛnəˌlaɪzɪz plænz ðət dɪˈvoʊt tu ˈlɪtəl əv ðɛr ˈprimiəm ˈrɛvəˌnuz tɪ hɛlθ ˈsərvɪsɪz, ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈstədi ʃoʊd ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. ðə ˈstədi, ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ðə nɑnˈpɑrtəzən ˈkaɪzər ˈfæməli faʊnˈdeɪʃən, sɛd ðə ˈdætə ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd səm əv ðə ˈtænʤəbəl ˈbɛnəfɪts ðət kənˈsumərz ənd ɪmˈplɔɪərz kʊd ɪkˈspɛkt frəm ðə ɛmˈbætəld 2010 lɔ ɪf ɪt sərˈvaɪvz tu ˈmeɪʤər ˈligəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈʧælənʤɪz. ðə ˈriˌbeɪts, wɪʧ ər du baɪ ˈɔgəst 1 stɛm frəm ˈprimiəmz peɪd ɪn 2011 ɔn plænz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ˈnɪrli 16 ˈmɪljən ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃiˌɛriz. bət ˈkaɪzər, ə nɑnˈprɑfət ˈhɛlθˌkɛr ˈrisərʧ grup, sɛd moʊst əv ðə ˈməni ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ goʊ tɪ ɪmˈplɔɪərz ˈrəðər ðən kənˈsumərz. ðə ˈhɛlθˌkɛr lɔ, ˈsɪgnəʧər dəˈmɛstɪk ˈpɑləsi əˈʧivmənt, həz pruvd ˌənˈpɑpjələr wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈvoʊtərz ənd kʊd bi strək daʊn baɪ ðə juz. səˈprim kɔrt baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ʤun ər rɪˈpild nɛkst jɪr ɪf rɪˈpəblɪkənz geɪn kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈkɑŋgrəs ənd waɪt haʊs ɪn ðə noʊˈvɛmbər ɪˈlɛkʃənz. ɪf ðə lɔ wər ˈoʊvərˌtərnd ər rɪˈpild, ˌɪnˈʃʊrərz wʊd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi rikˈwaɪərd tɪ kəmˈplaɪ wɪθ ðə ˈriˌbeɪt prəˈvɪʒən. ðə hɛlθ rɪˈfɔrm lɔ ɛz ə hoʊl kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ dɪˈvaɪd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpəblɪk, ðɛr ər ˈtænʤəbəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs ðət ˈbɛnəfɪt consumers,”*,” sɛd ˈkaɪzər ˈprɛzɪdənt dru ˈɔltmən. ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈskrutəni əv ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ɪz ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ˈvælju ənd ˈhɛlpɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈɛkˌsɛs kɔsts aʊt əv ðə system,”*,” hi ˈædɪd. ˈəndər ðə lɔ, kɔld ðə ˈpeɪʃənt prəˈtɛkʃən ənd əˈfɔrdəbəl kɛr ækt, hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrərz məst spɛnd æt list 80 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈprimiəm ˈrɛvəˌnuz ɔn hɛlθ ɪkˈspɛnsɪz ənd kˈwɑləti ˌɪmˈpruvmənts. ðə rul ɪz ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ ˈlɪmət wət ˌɪnˈʃʊrərz dɪˈvoʊt tɪ ˈmɑrkətɪŋ, ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ənd ˈprɑfɪts. ˈkaɪzər faʊnd ðət səm əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈriˌbeɪt peɪaʊts ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd ɪn steɪts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈtɛksəs ənd ˈflɔrɪdə, wɛr ðə lɔ ˈfeɪsɪz səm əv ɪts ˈstɪfəst ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən frəm rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ənd ˈəðər kənˈsərvətɪvz. ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl prɑˈʤɛkʃən ˈpɛrəˌlɛlz ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈfaɪndɪŋz baɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt bæŋk ˈgoʊldmən sɑks, wɪʧ ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðɪs wik ðət ðə 850 ˈbɪljən hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈɪndəstri wʊd peɪ aʊt əˈbaʊt ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈriˌbeɪts ɔn 2011 ˈprimiəmz. ˈgoʊldmən sɛd ʤɪst ˈoʊvər hæf ðət səm 600 ˈmɪljən tɪ 650 ˈmɪljən kən bi ɪkˈspɛktɪd frəm fɔr ˈmeɪʤər hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrərz: juˈnaɪtɪd ˈhɛlθˌkɛr grup ɪŋk, ˈwɛlˌpɔɪnt ɪŋk, ˈɛtnə ɪŋk ənd ˈkəvəntri hɛlθ kɛr ɪŋk. ðə bæŋk sɛd ɪts ˈfɔrˌkæst wɑz loʊər ðən ðə ˈbɪljən ˌɪˈnɪʃəli prɪˈdɪktɪd baɪ ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ˈpɑrtli bɪˈkəz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əˈdɑptəd ə mɔr ˈpɑləsi ðən ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd bət ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈkəz əv ˌproʊˈæktɪv ˈpraɪsɪŋ baɪ ˌɪnˈʃʊrərz. ˈlætər daɪˈnæmɪk həz ˈɑrgjuəbli kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðə ˈrisənt ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈɪndəstri praɪs competition,”*,” ˈgoʊldmən sɛd. ˈkaɪzər ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ðət 31 pərˈsɛnt əv kənˈsumərz ɪn ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈmɑrkɪt kʊd ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ rɪˈsiv ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 426 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈriˌbeɪts, fər ən ˈævərɪʤ əv 127 pər ˈpərsən. əˈbaʊt 20 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈmɑrkɪt fər lɑrʤ ɪmˈplɔɪərz kʊd rɪˈsiv 541 ˈmɪljən, waɪl mɔr ðən əv ðə smɔl grup ˈmɑrkɪt ðət sərvz smɔl ˈbɪznɪsɪz kʊd lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˈriˌbeɪts ˈtoʊtəlɪŋ 377 ˈmɪljən. ə meɪn sɔrs əv ˈpəblɪk dɪsˈlaɪk fər ˈhɛlθˌkɛr lɔ ɪz ə prəˈvɪʒən ðət rikˈwaɪərz moʊst əˈmɛrɪkənz tɪ baɪ ˈpraɪvət hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns baɪ 2014 ɛz pɑrt əv ə plæn tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd hɛlθ ˈkəvərɪʤ tɪ mɔr ðən 32 ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl hu ər ˌənɪnˈʃʊrd. rɪˈfɔrm ˈædvəˌkeɪts ˌɪnˈsɪst ðət məʧ əv ðə dɪsˈlaɪk fər ðə lɔ stɛmz frəm ə læk əv ˈnɑlɪʤ əˈbaʊt ðə ædˈvæntɪʤɪz ɪt ˈɔfərz tɪ kənˈsumərz ənd ˈəðərz.
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washington (reuters) - health insurers will pay $1.3 billion in rebates to consumers and employers this year under a provision of president barack obama’s healthcare reform law that penalizes plans that devote too little of their premium revenues to health services, an independent study showed on thursday.
the study, published by the nonpartisan kaiser family foundation, said the data illustrated some of the tangible benefits that consumers and employers could expect from the embattled 2010 law if it survives two major legal and political election-year challenges.
the rebates, which are due by august 1, stem from premiums paid in 2011 on plans representing nearly 16 million beneficiaries. but kaiser, a nonprofit healthcare research group, said most of the money is expected to go to employers rather than consumers.
the healthcare law, obama’s signature domestic policy achievement, has proved unpopular with many voters and could be struck down by the u.s. supreme court by the end of june or repealed next year if republicans gain control of the congress and white house in the november elections.
if the law were overturned or repealed, insurers would no longer be required to comply with the rebate provision.
“while the health reform law as a whole continues to divide the american public, there are tangible changes taking place that benefit consumers,” said kaiser president drew altman.
“greater regulatory scrutiny of private insurance is improving value and helping to get excess costs out of the system,” he added.
under the law, called the patient protection and affordable care act, health insurers must spend at least 80 percent of premium revenues on health expenses and quality improvements. the rule is intended to limit what insurers devote to marketing, administration and profits.
kaiser found that some of the biggest rebate payouts are expected in states, including texas and florida, where the law faces some of its stiffest opposition from republican politicians and other conservatives.
the study’s overall projection parallels separate findings by investment bank goldman sachs, which estimated this week that the $850 billion health insurance industry would pay out about $1.2 billion in rebates on 2011 premiums.
goldman said just over half that sum - $600 million to $650 million - can be expected from four major health insurers: united healthcare group inc, wellpoint inc, aetna inc and coventry health care inc.
the bank said its forecast was lower than the $1.4 billion initially predicted by the administration, partly because the government adopted a more industry-friendly policy than anticipated but also because of proactive pricing by insurers.
“the latter dynamic has arguably contributed to the recent increase in industry price competition,” goldman said.
kaiser also found that 31 percent of consumers in the individual insurance market could expect to receive a total of $426 million in rebates, for an average of $127 per person.
about 20 percent of the insurance industry’s market for large employers could receive $541 million, while more than one-quarter of the small group market that serves small businesses could look forward to rebates totaling $377 million.
a main source of public dislike for healthcare law is a provision that requires most americans to buy private health insurance by 2014 as part of a plan to extend health coverage to more than 32 million people who are uninsured.
reform advocates insist that much of the public’s dislike for the law stems from a lack of knowledge about the advantages it offers to consumers and others.
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ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ kəbz' bɛnʧ koʊʧ deɪv mɑrˈtinɛz, wən əv ðə ˈmɛni ˈkænədɪts lɪŋkt tɪ ðə ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ ˈrɑkiz' ˌmænɪˈʤɪriəl ˈveɪkənsi, rɪˈsivd ən ɛnˈdɔrsmənt frəm hɪz ˈkɑrənt bɔs. "aɪ wʊd hoʊp ðət ˈdeɪvi dɪz gɪt ðət ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ˈɪntərvˌju ənd ˈpɑsəbli gɪt ðə ʤɑb," kəbz ˈmænɪʤər ʤoʊ toʊld ˈkɛri əv ɔn ˈsənˌdi. mɑrˈtinɛz wɑz bɛnʧ koʊʧ wɪθ ðə ˈtæmpə beɪ reɪz ənd wɑz haɪərd baɪ ðə kəbz wɪn tʊk ˈoʊvər praɪər tɪ ðə 2015 ˈsizən. ðə mɑrˈtinɛz həz ˈnɛvər bɪn ə bɪg lig ˈmænɪʤər. hi həz ˈɪntərvˌjud fər ˈsɛvərəl ʤɑbz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈdɑʤərz' poʊst læst ˈsizən ðət wɛnt tɪ deɪv ˈrɑbərts. rɔɪəlz bɛnʧ koʊʧ dɑn wakamatsu*, ˈɪndiənz koʊʧ ˈsændi ˈæləˌmɑr jr*. ənd rɛd sɑks bɛnʧ koʊʧ ˈtɔri ər əˈməŋ ðoʊz ɔn ðə lɔŋ lɪst əv ˈkænədɪts ˈmɛnʃənd fər ðə ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ ʤɑb. ˈfɔrmər bɪg lig ˈmænɪʤərz bəd blæk ənd rɑn ˈɔlsoʊ hæv kənˈfərmd ðɛr ˈɪntəˌrɛst, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈpætrɪk ˈsɔndərz əv ðə ˈdɛnvər poʊst. ðə ˈrɑkiz ər ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ə ˈmænɪʤər tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs wɔlt waɪs, hu rɪˈzaɪnd ˈæftər ðə ˈsizən. dəg ˈmɪtlər
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chicago cubs' bench coach dave martinez, one of the many candidates linked to the colorado rockies' managerial vacancy, received an endorsement from his current boss.
"i would hope that davey does get that opportunity to interview and possibly get the job," cubs manager joe maddon told carrie muskat of mlb.com on sunday.
martinez was maddon's bench coach with the tampa bay rays and was hired by the cubs when maddon took over prior to the 2015 season.
the 52-year-old martinez has never been a big league manager. he has interviewed for several jobs, including the los angeles dodgers' post last season that went to dave roberts.
royals bench coach don wakamatsu, indians first-base coach sandy alomar jr. and red sox bench coach torey lovullo are among those on the long list of candidates mentioned for the colorado job. former big league managers bud black and ron roenicke also have confirmed their interest, according to patrick saunders of the denver post.
the rockies are searching for a manager to replace walt weiss, who resigned after the season.
-- doug mittler
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ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈwɛbˌsaɪt fər ðə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən əv geɪmz' ˈsæmʊˌraɪ ˈwɔrjərz) geɪm ˈfrænˌʧaɪz ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ənd ənˈveɪld ə nu bæʧ əv nu kæst ˈmɛmbərz (noʊt: hɪˈstɔrɪkəl neɪmz ər ˈrɪtən ˈfæməli neɪm fərst, waɪl vɔɪs ˈæktərz ər ˈrɪtən ˈfæməli neɪm læst): ʃɪˈniʧi jəˈmɑdə ɛz ˈʃimə koʊˈniʃi ɛz (sin lɛft) ənd meɪˈidə (raɪt) ˌjɑmɑˈzɑki ɛz nin ɛz hōjō*ō mɑˈsɑmi səˈzuki ɛz ɛz (ˈleɪdi hayakawa*) ˌnoʊbuˈjuki ɛz kotarō*ō (sin əˈbəv) ənd deɪt (nɑt ˈpɪkʧərd) ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ˌtɑkeɪˈuˌʧi wɪl pleɪ ðə roʊlz əv boʊθ ənd kagekatsu*. ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈɔlsoʊ lɪsts ðə sɪˈnɑpsɪs fər ðə fərst ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd: ðə eɪʤ ɪz ðə ˈwɔrɪŋ steɪts ˈpɪriəd, wɪn ˈmɛni ˈɔfɪsərz hoʊld ðə drim əv juˈnaɪtɪŋ ðə ˈkəntri., ə mæn hu həz ðət goʊl raɪt ɪn frənt əv hɪz aɪz, brɪŋz hɪz ˈproʊtəˌʒeɪ ənd səˈprim kəˈmændər ˌɪˈʃiˌdɑ əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə lɑrʤ ˈɑrmi tɪ səraʊnd ˈkæsəl, wɪʧ prəˈtɛkts hōjō*ō. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈkæsəl dɪz nɑt fɔl soʊ ˈizəli, ənd ˈnɪrli θri mənθs pæs. ˈivɪn ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈʤɛnərəlz ðət ˈgæðər æt saɪd səˈʤɛst ˈbreɪkɪŋ ðə stale-mate*. wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts əv ðə ˈʤɛnərəlz, ðə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈʤɛnərəl hu ˈrəʃɪz tɪ ðə sin tɪ ˈpɛnəˌtreɪt ən ˈoʊpənɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkæsəl ɪz sɑˈnɑdə. hɪz ˈɛldər ˈbrəðər, sɑˈnɑdə ˌnoʊbuˈjuki, ˈʧeɪsɪz ˈæftər ɪm. ˈbɛtɪŋ ɔn ˈkɑŋkwɛst, ðə sɑˈnɑdə ˈbrəðərz klæʃ wɪθ hōjō*ō! ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈkɛrɪktər sɔŋ ˈsɪŋgəlz wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi riˈlist, wɪθ ə nu ˈsɪŋgəl biɪŋ riˈlist ˈɛvəri mənθ bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri. ðə ˈsɪŋgəlz wɪl bi fər sɑˈnɑdə, ˌɪˈʃiˌdɑ, sɑˈnɑdə ˌnoʊbuˈjuki, ənd. ðə kæst ˌɪnˈkludz: təˈkɛʃi ɛz sɑˈnɑdə ˈoʊnoʊ ɛz sɑˈnɑdə ˌnoʊbuˈjuki ˈeɪʤi tɑkeɪˈmoʊˌtoʊ ɛz ˌɪˈʃiˌdɑ mɑˈsɑˌjɑ ɛz ˈjukoʊ ɛz ɛz sɑˈtoʊʃi ˈhinoʊ ɛz mɑˈsɑˌjɑ ɛz tōdō*ō hɪˈdeɪoʊ ˌɪˌʃiˈkɑˌwɑ ɛz ɛz katō*ō ˌfuʤiˈmoʊtoʊ ɛz fukuˈʃimə ˈɑkioʊ ɛz ˈhɔndə nɑˈkɑtə ɛz əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ðə stæf həz ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈvild ðə ˈkɛrɪktər dɪˈzaɪnz fər hidetada*. ðə ki freɪz əv ðə ˈstɔri ɪz: "wət ər ju ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər?" ðə ˈstɔri teɪks pleɪs ɪn ʤəˈpænz ˌtuˈməˌlʧuəs ˈɪrə, wɛr ˈvaɪələnt ˈbætəlz ər biɪŋ reɪʤd əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri. ðə "ˈpæʃənət ənd ˈpeɪnfəl" ˈstɔri ˈfɑloʊz ðə "ˈtrəbəld feɪt" əv ðə sɑˈnɑdə ˈbrəðərz, hu hæv swɔrn ən oʊθ ðət noʊ ˈmætər wət, ðeɪ wɪl faɪt tɪ ðə ˈbɪtər ɛnd təˈgɛðər. ɪz ɔn ðə vərʤ əv ˈjunəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə rɛlm, ənd ɔl ðət rɪˈmeɪnz ɪz ðə ˈkæsəl prəˈtɛktɪd baɪ ðə "laɪən əv sagami*" hōjō*ō. ˈpərsənəli treɪnd ˈʤɛnərəlz ˌɪˈʃiˌdɑ, katō*ō, ənd fukuˈʃimə ɛz wɛl ɛz, ˈʃimə, ənd ər ɔl ɔn ðə ˈfrənˌtlaɪn əv ðə ˈbætəl. əˈmɪdst ðə ˈbætəl fɔrˈmeɪʃən ər ðə tu jəŋ ˈwɔrjərz əv ðə sɑˈnɑdə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld: ˈoʊldər ˈbrəðər ˌnoʊbuˈjuki ənd ˈjəŋgər ˈbrəðər. ɛz ðə ˈsteɪlˌmeɪt bɪˈgɪnz tɪ breɪk daʊn, sɑˈnɑdə raɪdz ɔn ə loʊn hɔrs ˈɪntu ðə freɪ. hɪz ˈbrəðər ˈfɑloʊz ɪm raɪt ˈæftər. geɪmz ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt hɛd ɪz ˈsərvɪŋ ɛz ʧif pərˈdəkʃən ˈsupərˌvaɪzər əv ðə ˈsɪriz. (lɑ ˈkɔrdə ˈpriˌmoʊ passo*, keɪs kloʊzd, sp*: sɑˈnɑdə noʊ shou*) ɪz dɪˈrɛktɪŋ ðə ˈsɪriz, jəˈmɑdə (ˈnioʊ ˌænʤɛˈlik əˈbɪs, mushishi*, blæk ˈbətlər) ɪz ˈhændəlɪŋ ðə ˈsɪriz ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən, ənd ˈɑki isshu*: koi*, noʊ də 3 unmei*) ɪz dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz. pərˈdəkʃənz ənd taɪoʊ ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz ər boʊθ ðə ˈsɪriz, ənd ɪz prəˈdusɪŋ ðə ˈsɪriz. bænd, ə grup ðət kəmˈbaɪnz rɑk wɪθ trəˈdɪʃənəl ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈɪnstrəmənts ənd ˈfiʧərz ə ˈvoʊkəlɪst hu riˈsaɪts ˌʤæpəˈniz ər ʧaɪˈniz ˈpoʊətri, wɪl pərˈfɔrm ðə ʃoʊz θim sɔŋ "ikusa*." ðə ˈsɪriz wɪl prɛˈmɪr ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 11 ɔn ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən. ˈɪmɪʤɪz geɪmz pərˈdəkʃən kəˈmɪti
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the official website for the television anime of koei tecmo games' samurai warriors (sengoku musou) game franchise updated on wednesday, and unveiled a new batch of new cast members (note: historical names are written family name first, while voice actors are written family name last):
shinichi yamada as shima sakon
katsuyuki konishi as ii naomasa (seen left) and maeda toshiie (right)
wakana yamazaki as nene
unshou ishizuka as hōjō ujiyasu
masami suzuki as kaihime
satomi satou as hayakawa-dono (lady hayakawa)
nobuyuki hiyama as fūma kotarō (seen above) and date masamune (not pictured)
in addition, ryota takeuchi will play the roles of both katakura kagetsuna and uesugi kagekatsu.
the website also lists the synopsis for the anime's first episode:
the age is the warring states period, when many officers hold the dream of uniting the country. toyotomi hideyoshi, a man who has that goal right in front of his eyes, brings his protege and supreme commander ishida mitsunari along with a large army to surround odawara castle, which protects ujiyasu hōjō. however, the castle does not fall so easily, and nearly three months pass. even many of the generals that gather at mitsunari's side suggest breaking the stale-mate. within the arguments of the generals, the single general who rushes to the scene to penetrate an opening in the castle is sanada yukimura. his elder brother, sanada nobuyuki, chases after him. betting on hideyoshi's conquest, the sanada brothers clash with hōjō!
a series of character song singles will also be released, with a new single being released every month beginning in february. the singles will be for sanada yukimura, ishida mitsunari, sanada nobuyuki, and ōtani yoshitsugu.
the previously-announced cast includes:
takeshi kusao as sanada yukimura
daisuke ono as sanada nobuyuki
eiji takemoto as ishida mitsunari
masaya takatsuka as naoe kanetsugu
yuko nagashima as kunoichi
makiko ohmoto as ina-hime
satoshi hino as ōtani yoshitsugu
masaya matsukaze as tōdō takatora
hideo ishikawa as toyotomi hideyoshi
tomokazu sugita as katō kiyomasa
takahiro fujimoto as fukushima masanori
akio ohtsuka as honda tadakatsu
jouji nakata as tokugawa ieyasu
additionally, the staff has also revealed the character designs for tokugawa hidetada.
the key phrase of the anime's story is: "what are you fighting for?" the story takes place in japan's tumultuous sengoku era, where violent battles are being raged across the country. the "passionate and painful" story follows the "troubled fate" of the sanada brothers, who have sworn an oath that no matter what, they will fight to the bitter end together.
toyotomi hideyoshi is on the verge of unifying the realm, and all that remains is the odawara castle protected by the "lion of sagami" ujiyasu hōjō. hideyoshi's personally trained generals — ishida mitsunari, katō kiyomasa, and fukushima masanori — as well as ōtani yoshitsugu, shima sakon, and naoe kanetsugu are all on the frontline of the battle. amidst the battle formation are the two young warriors of the sanada household: older brother nobuyuki and younger brother yukimura. as the stalemate begins to break down, sanada yukimura rides on a lone horse into the fray. his brother follows him right after.
koei tecmo games software development head hisashi koinuma is serving as chief production supervisor of the series. kōjin ochi (la corda d'oro - primo passo, case closed, sengoku musou sp: sanada no shou) is directing the series, yuka yamada (neo angelique abyss, mushishi, black butler) is handling the series composition, and aki tsunaki (chōyaku hyakunin isshu: uta koi, harukanaru toki no naka de 3: owari naki unmei) is designing the characters. tezuka productions and tyo animations are both animating the series, and nas is producing the series.
wagakki band, a group that combines rock with traditional japanese instruments and features a vocalist who recites japanese or chinese poetry, will perform the show's theme song "ikusa."
the series will premiere on january 11 on japanese television.
images © koei tecmo games / anime sengoku musou production committee
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ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈænˌdrɔɪd: moʊst ˈwɔntɪd lɪst ɪz naʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn! ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ə fju ˈnoʊtəbəl əˈdɪʃənz ənd subtractions*, ˈəpˌdeɪt ˌɪnˈkludz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn haʊ ðə lɪst ˈfəŋkʃənz ənd wət ðət minz fər pleɪərz. rɛd waɪ ðiz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wər meɪd frəm ðə dɪˈvɛləpər bɪˈloʊ! ˈænˌdrɔɪd: dɪˈvɛləpər, ˈmaɪkəl bɔgz fər ə ˈlɪtəl ˈoʊvər ə jɪr naʊ, ðə moʊst ˈwɔntɪd lɪst, ˌɪntrəˈdust baɪ ˈdeɪmən stoʊn, həz bɪn ən ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl tul ɪn ˈhɛlpɪŋ tɪ ˈkjʊrət ðə əv ˈænˌdrɔɪd:. ɛz ðə geɪm həz groʊn, soʊ həz ðə moʊst ˈwɔntɪd lɪst, ˈædɪŋ kɑrdz wɪn dimd ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. tɪ kip peɪs wɪθ ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ə ˈlɪvɪŋ kɑrd game®*®, ðə moʊst ˈwɔntɪd lɪst ɪz ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ɪn nu ənd ˈrædɪkəl weɪz. ðə ˈkɑrənt fɔrm ɪz ə greɪt səˈluʃən fər ˈtunɪŋ kɑrdz ðət ər ə bɪt əˈbəv ðə kərv baɪ rɪˈdusɪŋ ən ˈɪnfluəns ˈlɪmət. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, səm əˈbɪləˌtiz ənd ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃənz ər bɪɔnd ɪts skoʊp. ɛz səʧ, laɪk tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus tu ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz: ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈɪnfluəns ənd tirz. ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈɪnfluəns ðə fərst ʧeɪnʤ kəmz ɪn ðə fɔrm əv haʊ ðə moʊst ˈwɔntɪd lɪst əˈfɛkts ˈɪnfluəns. ɪn ðə nu ˈsɪstəm, ðə moʊst ˈwɔntɪd ˈɪnfluəns riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ɪz pleɪst ɔn iʧ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl kɑrd. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv səbˈtræktɪŋ 1 ˈɪnfluəns frəm ðə ˈɪnfluəns ˈlɪmət, pɪps əv influence’*’ ər naʊ ˈædɪd tɪ kɑrdz. məʧ laɪk ɪts ˈpriviəs ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən, ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈɪnfluəns əˈplaɪz ˈivɪn tɪ kɑrdz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈkərəntli rɪˈdusɪz jʊr ˈʧoʊzən ˈɪnfluəns ˈlɪmət baɪ 1 ˈəndər ðɪs nu ʧeɪnʤ, jʊr ˈɪnfluəns ˈlɪmət wʊd rɪˈmeɪn ɛz ɪt ɪz ˈprɪnɪd ɔn ðə kɑrd, bət wʊd kɔst ən əˈdɪʃənəl ˈɪnfluəns tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ɪn jʊr dɛk. ɪf ju ʧuz ə aɪˈdɛntəˌti, wʊd kɔst 2 ˈɪnfluəns tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ɪn jʊr dɛk. ɪf ju ʧuz ən aɪˈdɛntəˌti, wʊd kɔst 1 ˈɪnfluəns tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ɪn jʊr dɛk. ˈlɛvəlz ðə ˈsɛkənd ʧeɪnʤ kəmz ɪn ðə fɔrm əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈlɛvəlz əv ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈɪnfluəns. səm kɑrdz ər tu ˈpaʊərfəl tɪ bi ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd baɪ ə ʃɪft əv ˈoʊnli 1 ˈɪnfluəns, kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə nid fər ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti ɪn æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðɛm. ˈlɛvəlz æd ən əˈmaʊnt əv ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈɪnfluəns tɪ ə kɑrd ˈikwəl tɪ ðət ˈlɛvəl. fər ˈɪnstəns, ɪf ə kɑrd ɪz ɔn ˈlɛvəl 1 ɪt geɪnz 1 ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈɪnfluəns. ɪf ɔn ˈlɛvəl 3 ɪt geɪnz 3 ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈɪnfluəns. ˈlɛvəlz ˈgreɪtli eɪd ɪn ˈækjərətli kərˈteɪlɪŋ iʧ ənd ˈɛvəri ˈpoʊtənsi. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪz ə nu kɑrd tɪ ðə moʊst ˈwɔntɪd lɪst. ˈædɪŋ ɪt tɪ ðə ˈpriviəs ˈvərʒən əv ðə lɪst wʊd moʊst ˈlaɪkli hæv dən ˈlɪtəl tɪ rɪˈdus ɪts ˈɪnfluəns ɔn ðə ˈmitə. ˈəndər ðɪs nu ˈsɪstəm əv ˈlɛvəlz, ɪz naʊ ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt, ˈædɪŋ 3 ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈɪnfluəns tɪ ˈɛni dɛk fər ˈɛvəri ˈkɑpi pleɪd. fər ðə fərst ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən əv ðɪs nu ˈvərʒən əv ðə moʊst ˈwɔntɪd lɪst, wi ər ˈstɑrtɪŋ wɪθ ˈlɛvəl 1 ənd ˈlɛvəl 3 ˈpleɪsɪŋ kɑrdz ɛz wi hæv dimd əˈproʊpriˌeɪt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn ˈθɪri, ðɛr kʊd bi ˈɛni ˈnəmbər əv ˈlɛvəlz. ɛz taɪm goʊz ɔn, ɪt ɪz ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈpɑsəbəl ðət nu kɑrdz meɪ ˌrikˈwaɪər nu ˈlɛvəlz, ər kɑrdz ɔn ðə lɪst meɪ muv əp ər daʊn ˈlɛvəlz. ə ˈlɪvɪŋ kɑrd geɪm nidz ə ˈlɪvɪŋ moʊst ˈwɔntɪd lɪst. aɪ hoʊp ɛz ɪkˈsaɪtɪd fər ðiz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɛz aɪ æm! ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə nu ˈænˌdrɔɪd: moʊst ˈwɔntɪd lɪst naʊ tɪ si ɪt ɪn ɪts nu fɔrm. ɪf ju ər ˈsəmˌwən hu pleɪz ɪn ˈtərnəmənts, ðɪs ɪz ə must-read*. ɛz ˈɔlˌweɪz, geɪm rulz, ˈtʊrnəmənt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz, ənd ˈəðər səˈpɔrt məˈtɪriəlz fər ˈænˌdrɔɪd: kən bi faʊnd ɔn ɑr ˈænˌdrɔɪd: peɪʤ.
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the latest version of the android: netrunner napd most wanted list is now online! in addition to a few notable additions and subtractions, today’s update includes changes in how the list functions and what that means for players. read why these changes were made from the developer below!
android: netrunner developer, michael boggs
for a little over a year now, the napd most wanted list, introduced by damon stone, has been an invaluable tool in helping to curate the metagame of android: netrunner. as the game has grown, so has the most wanted list, adding cards when deemed necessary.
to keep pace with the ever-changing nature of a living card game®, the most wanted list is changing in new and radical ways. the current form is a great solution for tuning cards that are a bit above the curve by reducing an identity’s influence limit. however, some abilities and combinations are beyond its scope. as such, i’d like to introduce two exciting modifications: universal influence and tiers.
universal influence
the first change comes in the form of how the most wanted list affects influence. in the new system, the most wanted list’s influence relationship is placed on each individual card. instead of subtracting 1 influence from the identity’s influence limit, pips of ‘universal influence’ are now added to cards. much like its previous iteration, universal influence applies even to in-faction cards.
for example, yog.0 currently reduces your chosen identity’s influence limit by 1. under this new change, your identity’s influence limit would remain as it is printed on the card, but yog.0 would cost an additional influence to include in your deck. if you choose a non-anarch identity, yog.0 would cost 2 influence to include in your deck. if you choose an anarch identity, yog.0 would cost 1 influence to include in your deck.
levels
the second change comes in the form of different levels of universal influence. some cards are too powerful to be modified by a shift of only 1 influence, creating the need for flexibility in addressing them.
levels add an amount of universal influence to a card equal to that level. for instance, if a card is on level 1, it gains 1 universal influence. if it’s on level 3, it gains 3 universal influence. levels greatly aid in accurately curtailing each and every card’s potency.
for example, sifr is a new card to the napd most wanted list. adding it to the previous version of the list would most likely have done little to reduce its influence on the meta. under this new system of levels, sifr is now a significant investment, adding 3 universal influence to any deck for every copy played.
for the first iteration of this new version of the most wanted list, we are starting with level 1 and level 3, placing cards as we have deemed appropriate. however, in theory, there could be any number of levels. as time goes on, it is entirely possible that new cards may require new levels, or cards on the list may move up or down levels. a living card game needs a living most wanted list.
i hope you’re as excited for these changes as i am!
download the new android: netrunner napd most wanted list now to see it in its new form. if you are someone who plays in tournaments, this is a must-read.
as always, game rules, tournament regulations, and other support materials for android: netrunner can be found on our android: netrunner page.
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ə ˌdɔsˈjeɪ əv ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əˈbaʊt ˈdɑnəld trəmp prəˈdust baɪ ə ˈfɔrmər ˈbrɪtɪʃ spaɪ "ˈprɑbəˌbli" həz "səm ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti", ðə əv həz sɛd. ˈkrɪstəfər stil, hɪmˈsɛlf ə ˈfɔrmər ˈɔfɪsər, kəmˈpaɪld ðə ˌdɔsˈjeɪ ɪn wɪʧ hi kleɪmd ˈrəʃə hɛld ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt wɪʧ lɛft ɪm ˈvəlnərəbəl tɪ ˈblækˌmeɪl. æt ðə taɪm, ˈmɪstər trəmp dɪˈnaʊnst ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ɛz feɪk nuz, ənd ɪts vərˈæsɪti həz ˈwaɪdli bɪn kˈwɛsʧənd. bət sər ˈrɪʧərd dearlove*, hu ræn bɪtˈwin 1999 ənd 2004 toʊld ˌbibiˈsis ˈnuzˌnaɪt ˈproʊˌgræm: "aɪ θɪŋk ðət ðɛr ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli səm ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ðə ˈkɑntɛnt.. aɪ ˈwʊdənt pʊt ɪt ˈɛni mɔr ˈfɔrsfəli ðən ðət." əˈməŋ ðə mɔr ˈlʊrəd ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz wɑz ə kleɪm ðət ðə ˈrəʃənz hɛld ˈɛvədəns əv ˈmɪstər trəmp ˈhaɪrɪŋ ˈprɑstəˌtuts ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ˈmɔˌskaʊ tɪ ˈjərəˌneɪt ɔn ə hoʊˈtɛl bɛd wɪʧ hi bɪˈlivd ˈbɑrək ənd mɪˈʃɛl ˌoʊˈbɑmə hæd ˈpriviəsli slɛpt ɪn. ðə faɪl ˈɔlsoʊ kleɪmd ðət ðə trəmp kæmˈpeɪn tim hæd ˈməltəpəl ˈkɑnˌtækts wɪθ ˈrəʃən əˈfɪʃəlz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən reɪs. ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt həz rɪˈpitɪdli dɪˈnaɪd ˈɛni kəˈluʒən wɪθ ˈrəʃə. sər ˈrɪʧərd, hu bækt liv ɪn ˈbrɪtənz ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm ɔn ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp, sɛd ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈɛvədəns əv ˈrəʃən ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn ðə voʊt, bət ðət ɪt ˌɪnərˈfɪrd ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɪˈlɛkʃən. hi sɛd: "aɪv nɑt sin ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət kənˈvɪnsɪz mi æt ɔl ðət ðə ˈrəʃənz ˌɪntərˈvind sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ɪn ðə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ðɛrz ˈɛni kˈwɛʃən ðət ðeɪ gɑt ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɪˈlɛkʃən." sər ˈrɪʧərd dearlove*, ˈfɔrmər hɛd əv ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈmɑrtɪn poʊp hi ˈædɪd: "aɪ θɪŋk ˈprɑbəˌbli ɔn pɑrt, ju noʊ, ðət wɑz ə mɪsˈʤəʤmənt." ˈmɪstər trəmps ˈfɔrmər ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ædˈvaɪzər ˈmaɪkəl flɪn həz sɪns ˈplidɪd ˈgɪlti tɪ laɪɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu pəˈtɛnʃəl lɪŋks wɪθ ˈmɔˌskaʊ. ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər ɪt wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz hæd mɛt wɪθ ˈmɪstər stil ðə ˈpriviəs ˈsəmər. "ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn həz ˈlərnɪd ðət ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ənd ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəmˈjunɪti læst jɪr tʊk ðə stil ˌdɔsˈjeɪ mɔr ˈsɪriəsli ðən ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz hæv ˈpəblɪkli ækˈnɑlɪʤd," ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn ɪts ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən həz bɪn baɪ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈfɪgjərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɪstər trəmp, hu həz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪt ɛz ə "wɪʧ hənt". vju mɔr! ɪt həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntənz ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn hɛlpt tɪ fənd ðə ˈrisərʧ ðət lɛd tɪ ˈmɪstər ˌdɔsˈjeɪ. mɑrk əˈlaɪəs, ə ˈlɔjər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə ˈklɪntən kæmˈpeɪn ənd ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈnæʃənəl kəˈmɪti (ˈdiˌɛnˌsi) juzd ðə ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns fərm, fˈjuʒən ˈgipiˈɛs, tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ðə ˈrisərʧ, ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst ˌriˈpɔrtəd. fˈjuʒən ˈgipiˈɛs ɪz ðɛn sɛd tɪ hæv ɪmˈplɔɪd ˈmɪstər stil, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈɔfɪsər, hu prəˈdust ðə ˌdɔsˈjeɪ. ðə rɪˈpɔrt dɪd nɑt steɪt haʊ məʧ fˈjuʒən ˈgipiˈɛs wɑz peɪd fər ðə wərk.
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a dossier of embarrassing allegations about donald trump produced by a former british spy "probably" has "some credibility", the ex-head of mi6 has said.
christopher steele, himself a former mi6 officer, compiled the dossier in which he claimed russia held compromising information on the us president which left him vulnerable to blackmail.
at the time, mr trump denounced the document as fake news, and its veracity has widely been questioned.
but sir richard dearlove, who ran mi6 between 1999 and 2004, told bbc's newsnight programme: "i think that there is probably some credibility to the content.. i wouldn't put it any more forcefully than that."
among the more lurid allegations was a claim that the russians held evidence of mr trump hiring prostitutes during a visit to moscow to urinate on a hotel bed which he believed barack and michelle obama had previously slept in.
the file also claimed that the trump campaign team had multiple contacts with russian officials during the presidential election race.
the president has repeatedly denied any collusion with russia.
sir richard, who backed leave in britain's referendum on european union membership, said there was no evidence of russian intervention in the brexit vote, but that it interfered in the us election.
he said: "i've not seen anything that convinces me at all that the russians intervened significantly in the brexit referendum ... i don't think there's any question that they got involved in the us election."
sir richard dearlove, former head of mi6 credit: martin pope
he added: "i think probably on putin's part, you know, that was a misjudgment."
mr trump's former national security adviser michael flynn has since pleaded guilty to lying to investigators during an fbi investigation into potential links with moscow.
in october it was reported that fbi investigators had met with mr steele the previous summer.
"cnn has learned that the fbi and the us intelligence community last year took the steele dossier more seriously than the agencies have publicly acknowledged," the network reported on its website.
the investigation has been criticised by republican figures, including mr trump, who has described it as a "witch hunt".
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it has also been suggested that hillary clinton's presidential campaign helped to fund the research that led to mr steele's dossier.
marc elias, a lawyer representing the clinton campaign and the democratic national committee (dnc) used the washington-based private intelligence firm, fusion gps, to conduct the research, the washington post reported.
fusion gps is then said to have employed mr steele, a former mi6 officer, who produced the dossier. the report did not state how much fusion gps was paid for the work.
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prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ɪˈroʊʒən maɪt ər maɪt nɑt ˌrikˈwaɪər ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ˈtɪlɑʤ, kɛn ˈfɛri sɪz. wət ˈtɪlɑʤ, ɪf ˈɛni, ɪz bɛst wɪn ənd wɛr tɪ əˈvɔɪd kriˈeɪtɪŋ ɪˈroʊʒən." ɪf ju θɪŋk ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ɪz nɑt ə ril ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti, θɪŋk əˈgɛn. ðə wilz ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən tərn sˈloʊli, sɪz fɑrm ˈʤərnəl fild əˈgrɑnəmɪst kɛn ˈfɛri, bət ˈmuvɪŋ. klin ˈwɔtər ækt həz bɪn ɔn ðə bʊks sɪns ˈfɛri sɪz. həz pæst θru ˈvɛriəs riˈraɪts ənd revisions.”*.” ɛz əv naʊ, həz ʧɑrʤd steɪts wɪθ rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈnaɪtrəʤən (ɛn) ˈlɔsɪz baɪ 25 ənd ˈfɑsfərəs (pi) ˈlɔsɪz baɪ 15 ɪn ˈtrəbəld ˈwɔtərˌʃɛdz baɪ 2025 ðə ɛnd goʊl ɪz tɪ rɪˈdus ðə ˈlɔsɪz əv boʊθ ˈnutriənts baɪ 45 fər ˈfɑrmərz ɪn moʊst steɪts, ðə ˈɛmfəsɪs stɪl ɪz ɔn ˈvɑləntɛri ˈmɛʒərz. ˈfɑrmərz feɪl tɪ əˈʧiv ðɪs goʊl, ˈpɑsəbəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ɔn ˈfərtəˌlaɪzər juz kʊd bi ðə nɛkst step,”*,” ˈfɛri sɪz. ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪd ɛz tɪ haʊ məʧ pəˈluʃən ðeɪ kən ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤ. soʊ ˈfɑrmərz ər nɑt biɪŋ ˈsɪŋgəld ə ʤɔɪnt ˈɛfərt tɪ rɪˈdus pəˈluʃən ənd, ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ˈfɑrmərz ər biɪŋ ˈgɪvɪn mɔr ˌɑpərˈtunəti ðən ˈsɪtiz tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ ðɛr goʊl voluntarily.”*.” ˈfɑrmərz nidz tɪ juz ðə ˈnutriənt, raɪt taɪm, raɪt reɪt ənd raɪt prɪˈvɛnt ˈfərtəˌlaɪzər frəm ˈlivɪŋ ðɛr fildz ənd prəˈtɛkt ˈwɔtər ˈrisɔrsɪz. ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs, loʊər pərˈdəkʃən kɔst waɪl ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ jild ənd ˈprɑfɪt. ðə ˌɪnˈklud ə reɪnʤ əv ˈpræktɪsɪz, səm əv wɪʧ ˌrikˈwaɪər mɔr ˈmænɪʤmənt ðən ˈəðərz. səm əv ðɛm ər ˈizi tɪ əˈdæpt ənd ʃʊd bi ˈkɑmən ˈpræktɪsɪz baɪ everyone,”*,” ˈfɛri sɪz. kɔl ðɪs ˈʃutɪŋ ðə sloʊ ˈræbəts first.”*.” wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ prəˈtɛktɪŋ ˈwɔtər kˈwɑləti, ɛn ənd pi ər tu əv ðə ˈbɪgəst kənˈsərnz. ðə fərst stɛp tɪ ˈkipɪŋ ˈfərtəˌlaɪzər ɪn jʊr fildz ənd aʊt əv ˈwɔtər səˈplaɪz ɪz tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ ˈnutriənts ər lɔst. ˈrəˌnɔf ənd sɔɪl ɪˈroʊʒən əˈkaʊnt fər ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl əv ˈfɑsfərəs lɔs frəm fɑrm fields,”*,” ˈfɛri sɪz. ˈnaɪtrəʤən, lɔs əˈkərz frəm ˌvɑləˈtɪləti ənd denitrification*, wɪʧ riˈlis ˈnaɪtrəʤən ˈɪntu ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr, ənd frəm ˈliʧɪŋ, ɪn wɪʧ ˈnaɪˌtreɪt ɪz ˈkɛrid aʊt əv sɔɪl baɪ ˈwɔtər. wɪn wi rɪˈdus ðoʊz ˈlɔsɪz, wi ˌɪnˈkris ˈnutriənt əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti tɪ plants.”*.” wɪθ ˈfɑsfərəs, fərst stɛps ˌɪnˈvɑlv kənˈtroʊlɪŋ ˈgəli, ʃit ənd rɪl ɪˈroʊʒən bɪˈkəz ˈfɑsfərəs livz fildz əˈtæʧt tɪ sɔɪl ˈpɑrtɪkəlz. ˈmænɪʤmənt ɪz ʤɪst əˈnəðər neɪm fər sɔɪl ðə hɛlθ əv sɔɪl soʊ jʊr kɪdz ənd ˈgrænˌkɪdz kən fɑrm it,”*,” ˈfɛri sɪz. prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ɪˈroʊʒən maɪt nɑt ˌrikˈwaɪər ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ˈtɪlɑʤ. ““however*, wi məst bi sˈmɑrtər əˈbaʊt haʊ wi till,”*,” ˈfɛri sɪz. wət ˈtɪlɑʤ, ɪf ˈɛni, ɪz bɛst wɪn ənd wɛr tɪ əˈvɔɪd kriˈeɪtɪŋ ɪˈroʊʒən. ɪn səm fildz, ju meɪ nid tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə sɔɪl wɪθ ə ˈkəvər krɑp. ˈfɑrmərz ɔˈrɛdi hæv əˈdɑptəd ˈsɪstəmz ðət rɪˈdus erosion,”*,” ˈfɛri ædz. ɪf ju faɪnd ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈfɪlɪŋ ɪn ˈgəliz ənd rəts ˈɛvəri ˈsizən ˌbiˈfɔr ju plænt, ə saɪn ju maɪt bi pɑrt əv ən ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈprɑbləm. ˌɔlˈðoʊ æbˈnɔrməl reɪn æt ðə rɔŋ taɪm kən kɔz ɪˈroʊʒən, ju ʃʊd nɑt hæv tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ˈgəliz ənd rəts ˈɛvəri jɪr. ˈpræktɪs, ər əˈgɛn ə sloʊ ˈræbɪt, ɛz aɪ laɪk tɪ kɔl ðɛm, ðət ʃʊd bi ˈkɑmən ɔn ɔl fɑrmz ɪz ˈbeɪsɪŋ ɔl ˈfərtəˌlaɪzər ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, ˈwɛðər kəˈmərʃəl ˈfərtəˌlaɪzər ər məˈnʊr, ɔn ə saʊnd sɔɪl test,”*,” ˈfɛri ædˈvaɪzɪz. ju əˈplaɪ ˈfɑsfərəs tɪ ə sɔɪl ðət ɔˈrɛdi tɛsts haɪ ɪn pi, ju ˌɪnˈkris ðə rɪsk əv pi ˈlivɪŋ ðə fild. ənd du nɑt əˈplaɪ ˈfərtəˌlaɪzər ər məˈnʊr ɔn ˈfroʊzən ground.”*.” waɪl səm ɛn maɪt bi lɔst θru sɔɪl ɪˈroʊʒən, moʊst ˈlɔsɪz ər əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈwɔtər ˈliʧɪŋ daʊn θru ðə sɔɪl ˈproʊˌfaɪl ər ˈlivɪŋ ðə fild θru taɪl laɪnz. muvz ˈfæstər θru kɔrs sɔɪlz, səʧ ɛz sænd ənd ˈsændi loʊm, ðən ɪt dɪz θru ˈhɛviər sɔɪl, səʧ ɛz kleɪ loam,”*,” ˈfɛri ɪkˈspleɪnz. ˈfæstər ɪt floʊz, ðə ˈiziər ɪt ɪz tɪ fləʃ aʊt ðə ˈnutriənts. ðə fərst stɛp tɪ mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt ˈnaɪtrəʤən juz ɪz tɪ əˈsɛs ðə rɪsk əv lɔs fər ˈɛvəri sɔɪl taɪp ju fɑrm. ɔn sɔɪlz, əˈʤəst jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˈpræktɪsɪz tɪ rɪˈdus ðə risk.”*.” ɪn ɛn ˈplænɪŋ, ˈtaɪmɪŋ ɪz ɛz ˈkrɪtɪkəl ɛz ɪkˈwɪpmənt. əˈbaʊt wɪn ju ər əˈplaɪɪŋ ˈnaɪtrəʤən ənd haʊ məʧ ðə ˈwɛðər ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz ˈnaɪtrəʤən lɔs ˌbiˈfɔr plænts hæv ə ʧæns tɪ teɪk ɪt up,”*,” ˈfɛri sɪz. ˈwɛðər ˈnæʧərəl ər man-caused*, ðə ˈklaɪmɪt simz tɪ bi ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ. əv ˌɪntərˈsteɪt 64 ɪn ˌɪləˈnɔɪz ənd ˌɪndiˈænə, moʊst ˈfɑrmərz əˈplaɪ ˈnaɪtrəʤən ɪn ðə fɔl bɪˈkəz ðə sɔɪl steɪz wɔrm tu long,”*,” ˈfɛri sɪz. ɔn ðə pæst ˈwɛðər, ðiz ˈfɑrmərz ˈfərtəˌlaɪzər ˈpræktɪsɪz maɪt nid tɪ muv ə tir ər tu nɔrθ. beɪs ˈnaɪtrəʤən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ɔn ðə ˈkæləndər ˌɛniˈmɔr. wi hæv tɪ lʊk æt sɔɪl ˈtɛmpərəʧər ənd nɑt əˈplaɪ ənˈtɪl ɪt steɪz bɪˈloʊ 50°f*. ˌbiˈsaɪdz ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl rɪsk, əˈplaɪɪŋ ˈnaɪtrəʤən ɪn ðə fɔl soʊ plænts kən juz ɪt ɪn ʤun ɪz ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈgæmbəl. ɪf ˈwɛðər kənˈdɪʃənz ər ˈpərˌfɪkt, ju maɪt nɑt luz məʧ; bət ɪf ðeɪ aren’t*, ju kən luz ə lɔt. ˈɔfən ðə lɔs əˈkərz ɪn ðə spərɪŋ bɪˈkəz əv reɪn. ðoʊz ˈfæktərz meɪk ˈmuvɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm ˈnaɪtrəʤən, ɪn ˈɛriəz wɛr fɔl ˈwɛðər steɪz wɔrm, ə sloʊ rabbit,”*,” ˈfɛri kənˈkludz. waɪl no-till*, ənd ˈvərtɪkəl ˈtɪlɑʤ prɪˈvɛnt sɔɪl ɪˈroʊʒən, ðeɪ kən prəˈmoʊt ɛn lɔs ɪf ju feɪl tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈifɛkt ɔn ˈpiˈeɪʧ ənd ˈrɛzəˌdu. əˈgoʊ, ˈfɑrmərz wʊd əˈplaɪ ˈsɛvərəl tənz əv laɪm pər ˈeɪkər ənd ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪt ɪt θru ðə sɔɪl ˈproʊˌfaɪl wɪθ tillage,”*,” ˈfɛri sɪz. wɪn ju noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪt, ɔl ðət laɪm rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈsərfəs kriˈeɪts ə leɪər. ðət taɪz əp əˈveɪləbəl ˈfɑsfərəs ənd, mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, kriˈeɪts ə rɪsk əv jərˈiə ˈnaɪtrəʤən ˌvɑləˈtɪləti. wɪθ ə haɪ sɔɪl ˈpiˈeɪʧ, ˈnaɪtrəʤən kən ɪn θri hours.”*.” ˈivɪn wɪˈθaʊt haɪ sɔɪl ˈpiˈeɪʧ, ˈrɛzəˌdu ɔn ðə sɔɪl ˈsərfəs ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ðə rɪsk əv ɛn lɔs. ˈɛnˌzaɪm, wɪʧ draɪvz ˌvɑləˈtɪləti, ɪz məʧ haɪər ɪn ðə krɑp ˈrɛzəˌdu ðən ɪn ðə sɔɪl bɪˈniθ it,”*,” ˈfɛri sɪz. ðə səˈluʃən ɪz tɪ əˈplaɪ lɛs laɪm mɔr ˈfrikwɛntli ənd juz ðə kərˈɛkt ˌɪnˈhɪbətər tɪ prɪˈvɛnt volatilization*. ˌəndərˈstænd jʊr ˈnaɪtrəʤən source,”*,” ˈfɛri ædz. mɔr jərˈiə ɪn jʊr ˈnaɪtrəʤən ˈfərtəˌlaɪzər, ðə mɔr rɪsk əv loss.”*.” əˈplaɪ ˈnutriənts kloʊz tɪ ðə taɪm ðə krɑp wɪl teɪk ðɛm əp tɪ rɪˈdus ðə rɪsk əv lɔs. kən noʊ ˈlɔŋgər əˈplaɪ ˈnaɪtrəʤən ɪn ðə fɔl ənd ʧɛk ðə ʤɑb ɔf ɑr list,”*,” ˈfɛri sɪz. nid tɪ noʊ wɪn plænts teɪk əp ˈnaɪtrəʤən. ju kən faɪnd kəmˈpjutər ˈmɑdəlz ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ðət prɪˈdɪkt ˈnaɪtrəʤən ˈəpˌteɪk ənd use.”*.” əˈnəðər weɪ tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɛn ˈtaɪmɪŋ ɪz ðət ðə ˈkloʊzər tɪ ˈəpˌteɪk ju kən əˈplaɪ ɛn, ðə lɛs ʧæns plænts wɪl ˈɛvər rən ʃɔrt. ki tɪ haɪ kɔrn jild ɪz tɪ meɪk ʃʊr plænts ˈnɛvər hæv ə bæd day,”*,” ˈfɛri sɪz. ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əˈkərɪŋ ɪn ˈnutriənt ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈsɪmbəˌlaɪz ə nu ˈɪrə, wɪn pæst ˈpræktɪsɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər wərk. reɪz ɪˈnəf krɑps tɪ fid naɪn ˈbɪljən ˈpipəl, wi məst kənˈsɪdər ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈæˌspɛkt ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ənd economic,”*,” ˈfɛri sɪz. wi, ðɛr wɪl bi noʊ weɪ tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈfərtəˌlaɪzər ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz daʊn ðə road.”*.”
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preventing erosion might or might not require eliminating tillage, ken ferrie says. “understand what tillage, if any, is best when and where to avoid creating erosion."
if you think environmental regulation is not a real possibility, think again. the wheels leading to regulation turn slowly, says farm journal field agronomist ken ferrie, but they’re moving.
“the clean water act has been on the books since 1972,” ferrie says. “it has passed through various rewrites and revisions.”
as of now, epa has charged states with reducing nitrogen (n) losses by 25% and phosphorus (p) losses by 15% in troubled watersheds by 2025. the end goal is to reduce the losses of both nutrients by 45%. for farmers in most states, the emphasis still is on voluntary measures.
“if farmers fail to achieve this goal, it’s possible regulations on fertilizer use could be the next step,” ferrie says. “municipalities are already regulated as to how much pollution they can discharge. so farmers are not being singled out—it’s a joint effort to reduce pollution and, if anything, farmers are being given more opportunity than cities to accomplish their goal voluntarily.”
farmers needs to use the 4rs—right nutrient, right time, right rate and right place—to prevent fertilizer from leaving their fields and protect water resources. in the process, they’ll lower production cost while increasing yield and profit.
the 4rs include a range of practices, some of which require more management than others. “but some of them are easy to adapt and should be common practices by everyone,” ferrie says. “i call this shooting the slow rabbits first.”
when it comes to protecting water quality, n and p are two of the biggest concerns. the first step to keeping fertilizer in your fields and out of water supplies is to understand how nutrients are lost.
“surface runoff and soil erosion account for the highest level of phosphorus loss from farm fields,” ferrie says. “with nitrogen, loss occurs from volatility and denitrification, which release nitrogen into the atmosphere, and from leaching, in which nitrate is carried out of soil by water. when we reduce those losses, we increase nutrient availability to plants.”
with phosphorus, first steps involve controlling gully, sheet and rill erosion because phosphorus leaves fields attached to soil particles. “erosion management is just another name for soil stewardship—preserving the health of soil so your kids and grandkids can farm it,” ferrie says.
preventing erosion might not require eliminating tillage. “however, we must be smarter about how we till,” ferrie says. “understand what tillage, if any, is best when and where to avoid creating erosion. in some fields, you may need to protect the tilled soil with a cover crop.
“most farmers already have adopted systems that reduce erosion,” ferrie adds. “but if you find yourself filling in gullies and ruts every season before you plant, that’s a sign you might be part of an environmental problem. although abnormal rain at the wrong time can cause erosion, you should not have to address gullies and ruts every year.
“another practice, or again a slow rabbit, as i like to call them, that should be common on all farms is basing all fertilizer applications, whether commercial fertilizer or manure, on a sound soil test,” ferrie advises. “if you apply phosphorus to a soil that already tests high in p, you increase the risk of p leaving the field. and do not apply fertilizer or manure on
frozen ground.”
while some n might be lost through soil erosion, most losses are associated with water leaching down through the soil profile or leaving the field through tile lines. “water moves faster through coarse soils, such as sand and sandy loam, than it does through heavier soil, such as clay loam,” ferrie explains. “the faster it flows, the easier it is to flush out the nutrients.
“so the first step to more efficient nitrogen use is to assess the risk of loss for every soil type you farm. on high-risk soils, adjust your application practices to reduce the risk.”
in today’s n planning, timing is as critical as equipment. “think about when you are applying nitrogen and how much the weather influences nitrogen loss before plants have a chance to take it up,” ferrie says.
whether natural or man-caused, the climate seems to be changing. “south of interstate 64 in illinois and indiana, most farmers apply nitrogen in the fall because the soil stays warm too long,” ferrie says. “based on the past decade’s weather, these farmers fertilizer practices might need to move a tier or two north.
“we can’t base nitrogen applications on the calendar anymore. we have to look at soil temperature and not apply until it stays below 50°f. besides the environmental risk, applying nitrogen in the fall so plants can use it in june is a financial gamble. if weather conditions are perfect, you might not lose much; but if they aren’t, you can lose a lot. often the loss occurs in the spring because of rain.
“all those factors make moving away from fall-applied nitrogen, in areas where fall weather stays warm, a slow rabbit,” ferrie concludes.
while no-till, strip-till and vertical tillage prevent soil erosion, they can promote n loss if you fail to understand the effect on ph and residue. “years ago, farmers would apply several tons of lime per acre and incorporate it through the soil profile with tillage,” ferrie says. “but when you no longer incorporate, all that lime remaining on the surface creates a high-ph layer. that ties up available phosphorus and, more important, creates a risk of urea nitrogen volatility. with a high soil ph, nitrogen can volatilize in three hours.”
even without high soil ph, residue on the soil surface increases the risk of n loss. “the urease enzyme, which drives volatility, is much higher in the crop residue than in the soil beneath it,” ferrie says.
the solution is to apply less lime more frequently and use the correct stabilizer—a urease inhibitor to prevent volatilization. “and understand your nitrogen source,” ferrie adds. “the more urea in your nitrogen fertilizer, the more risk of loss.”
apply nutrients close to the time the crop will take them up to reduce the risk of loss. “we can no longer apply nitrogen in the fall and check the job off our list,” ferrie says. “you need to know when plants take up nitrogen. you can find computer models on the internet that predict nitrogen uptake and use.”
another way to think about n timing is that the closer to uptake you can apply n, the less chance plants will ever run short. “the key to high corn yield is to make sure plants never have a bad day,” ferrie says.
the changes occurring in nutrient management symbolize a new era, when past practices no longer work. “to raise enough crops to feed nine billion people, we must consider the environmental aspect as well as the agronomic and economic,” ferrie says. “if we, there will be no way to avoid fertilizer regulations down the road.”
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wət ər ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz? ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz (ər ˈleɪbər ʧɛks, ˈleɪbər sərˈtɪfɪkəts, ˈvaʊʧərz) ər ə dɪˈvaɪs səˈʤɛstɪd tɪ ˈgəvərn dɪˈmænd fər gʊdz ɪn ““socialism”*”, məʧ ɛz ˈməni dɪz təˈdeɪ ˈəndər ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm. ərˈɪʤənəli prəˈpoʊzd baɪ ˈrɑbərt oʊən ɪn 1820 ðeɪ wər ˈleɪtər ˈteɪkən əp baɪ mɑrks ɪn 1875 tɪ dil wɪθ ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ənd ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈʃɔrtɪʤɪz rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ frəm ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm, ɪf ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm hæd bɪn ɪˈstæblɪʃt æt ðət taɪm. ðə wərld ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈmuvmənt əˈpoʊzɪz ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ɪnˈtaɪərli, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wɪl nɑt bi ˈnidɪd ər dɪˈzaɪərəbəl. ðoʊz hu səˈpɔrt ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz hæv ˈsɛvərəl ˈdɪfərənt əˈproʊʧɪz ər ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃənz əv ðɛm. wi traɪ hir tɪ ˈklɛrəˌfaɪ wət ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ər, ənd waɪ wi əˈpoʊz ðɛm. ɪn ðə rɛst əv ðɪs ˈsɛkʃən wi juz ðə wərdz ““paid”*”, ““earned”*”, ““purchase”*” ənd ˈsɪmələr wərdz tɪ min ˈækʃənz ɪn ˈvaʊʧər socialism”*” ðət wʊd bi ˈsɪmələr tɪ wət ðoʊz wərdz min təˈdeɪ. ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧər səˈpɔrtərz hoʊld ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈʤɛnərəl bɪˈlifs: moʊst ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧər səˈpɔrtərz əˈgri ðət: ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ər peɪd fər aʊərz əv ˈleɪbər pərˈfɔrmd. ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ər nɑt ˈməni. ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ər juzd tɪ ˈpərʧəs gʊdz ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz. bət ðeɪ dɪsəˈgri wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər: haʊ ər ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz əˈpɔrʃənd? iʧ ˈwərkər gɪts ðə seɪm kˈwɑntəti fər iʧ aʊər wərkt. ɪf ðə əˈgrid əˈpɑn reɪt ɪz 100 ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz fər 1 aʊər, ˈɛvriˌwən hu wərks fər wən aʊər gɪts 100 ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz. ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz peɪd pər aʊər dɪˈpɛndz əˈpɑn ðə ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti ər dɪˌzaɪrəˈbɪlɪti əv ðə wərk pərˈfɔrmd. ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ər ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt? ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ər ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈmɛʒər. ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈfilɪŋ hir simz tɪ bi ðət ˈpipəl ər juzd tɪ ˈməni naʊ ənd nid taɪm tɪ win ðɛmˈsɛlvz frəm ɪt. ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz wɪl bi ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt. ðiz ˈædvəˌkeɪts seɪ ðət soʊˈsaɪɪti nidz səm ˈmɛθəd tɪ riˈstrɪkt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ gʊdz, ðət wɪˈθaʊt ðɛm ðɛr ɪz noʊ weɪ tɪ dɪˈtərmən wət ˈaɪtəmz ʃʊd bi prəˈdust ɪn wət kˈwɑntəti wɪn ðɛr ər kənˈflɪktɪŋ dɪˈzaɪərz fər gʊdz. wət əˈbaʊt ðoʊz hu du nɑt ər ˈkænɑt wərk? ˈbeɪsɪk nəˈsɛsɪtiz ʃʊd bi fri tɪ ɔl. ɪˈnəf ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ʃʊd bi ˈgɪvɪn aʊt tɪ ðoʊz hu du nɑt wərk (ər wərk ɪˈnəf) tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ðeɪ kən əˈfɔrd ˈbeɪsɪk nəˈsɛsɪtiz (ənd pərˈhæps mɔr). ɪˈnəf ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ʃʊd bi ˈgɪvɪn aʊt tɪ ðoʊz dɪˈtərmənd (baɪ ˈsəmˌwən ər səm grup) tɪ bi ˈnidi, ər ˈʤəstəˌfaɪəbli əˈneɪbəl tɪ wərk, tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ðeɪ kən əˈfɔrd ˈbeɪsɪk nəˈsɛsɪtiz (ənd pərˈhæps mɔr). wət əˈbaʊt ˌnɑntrəˈdɪʃənəl wərk, ər wərk nɑt peɪd təˈdeɪ? (ˈhaʊsˌwərk, ɑrt, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) peɪ fər ˈhaʊsˌwərk, ɑrt ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ɔn ən ˈaʊrli ˈbeɪsɪs laɪk ˈɛni ˈəðər wərk. (ˈpɑsəbli ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti ˈfæktərz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) peɪ fər ɑrt beɪst əˈpɑn dɪˌzaɪrəˈbɪlɪti: haʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl goʊ tɪ si ɪt ər səm səʧ ˈmɛʒər. streɪt ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ: ɑrt ɪz ˈpərʧəst wɪθ ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz fər ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə baɪər ənd ˈsɛlər əˈgri əˈpɑn. kən ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ˈsərkjəˌleɪt? noʊ. wəns ə ˈpərʧəs ɪz meɪd ðə ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ər ˈiðər dɪˈstrɔɪd, ər məst bi θru ˈleɪbər. jɛs. ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət ðɛr ər fju hu bɪˈliv ðət ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ʃʊd ˈsərkjəˌleɪt laɪk ˈməni, bət ðɛr ər ðoʊz hu bɪˈliv ðət ðeɪ kən bi ““invested”*” (ˌɔlˈðoʊ nɑt fər ˈprɑfɪt, prəˈpoʊnənts əˈʃʊr), ər ðət wɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪz ˈpərʧəst, ðə ˈsɛlər kʊd juz ðɛm fər ðɛr oʊn ˈpərʧəsɪz. waɪl səˈpɔrtərz əv ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz hæv ˈdɪfərənt əˈproʊʧɪz ər weɪz əv ˈsteɪtɪŋ ðɛr bɪˈlifs, ðɪs əˈproʊʧ dɪz gɪv ə gʊd ˈʤɛnərəl fil fər ðə reɪnʤ əv aɪˈdiəz əv ðoʊz səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz. ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm minz fri ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə gʊdz ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz prəˈdust baɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ, ˈbɑrtər, ˈtreɪdɪŋ, ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz, ər ˈməni. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈɑrgjuɪŋ spɪˈsɪfɪks ˈsoʊʃəlɪsts ˈɑrgju əˈgɛnst ðə hoʊl ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz. waɪ ðə wərld ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈmuvmənt əˈpoʊzɪz ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ər nɑt ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl əˈbɪləˌti ɪgˈzɪsts təˈdeɪ tɪ ˈproʊdus, ɪn ən ɛkəˈlɑʤɪkli riˈspɑnsəbəl ˈmænər, mɔr ðən ɪˈnəf tɪ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ðə nidz əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ðɛr wɪl nɑt bi ə ˈʃɔrtɪʤ əv gʊdz ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl ˈækˌsɛs nɑt bi rikˈwaɪərd. ɪt ɪz ˈɑbviəs ðət ɪf ˈɛvriˌwən ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðət ðeɪ ˈnidɪd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ, fri ˈækˌsɛs kʊd nɑt wərk. ɪf ˈpipəl wɔnt ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm tɪ wərk, ðeɪ məst ˌdɪˈsaɪd ðət ðeɪ wɪl nɑt wərk tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ɪt. ˈkɑmən sɛns wɪl prɪˈvɛnt aʊˈtreɪʤəs ˈoʊvərkənˌsəmpʃən. ðə həz ˈɔlˌweɪz sɛd ðət ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm ˈkænɑt bi ɪˈstæblɪʃt baɪ 51 əv ðə ˈwərkɪŋ klæs. ðə ˈkɑnʃəs səˈpɔrt fər ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm baɪ ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti ɪz ki tɪ ðə səkˈsɛs əv ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm. ɪf ˈoʊnli 51 əv ðə ˈwərkɪŋ klæs səˈpɔrt ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm ənd ðeɪ θɔt ɪt aʊt, ðɛn ˈfeɪljər ɪz ˈsərtən. ɪf ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə ˈwərkɪŋ klæs ˌəndərˈstændz ənd səˈpɔrts ðə ˌræməfəˈkeɪʃənz əv ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm, ðɛn səkˈsɛs ɪz ˌgɛrənˈtid. ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz, ˈgɪvɪn ðət ðeɪ ər ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri, ər ˌəndɪˈzaɪrəbəl ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz wʊd tɛnd tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ɑr ˈjumən wərθ ɪz dɪˈtərmənd baɪ haʊ məʧ ər haʊ ˈmɛni gʊdz wi kən oʊn (ər ˈproʊdus). ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ˌrikˈwaɪər ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ˈpipəl məst spɛnd taɪm ædˈmɪnɪˌstərɪŋ ðə ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz gɪts ðɛm (ənd haʊ ˈmɛni), haʊ ðeɪ ər riuzd ər dɪˈstrɔɪd, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ˌɪmˈplaɪ ðət ˈsəmˌwən məst pəˈlis hu teɪks ðə gʊdz prəˈdust baɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz ðɛr məst bi ˈpipəl hu spɛnd ðɛr taɪm ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðət ˈəðər ˈpipəl du nɑt teɪk θɪŋz wɪˈθaʊt peɪɪŋ fər ðɛm. ðət ɪz ˈnɔrməl ɪn ə ˈprɑfɪt ˈɔriˌɛntɪd soʊˈsaɪɪti, bət ə weɪst əv ˈjumən ˈleɪbər ɪn ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm. ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz, ɛz səˈʤɛstɪd baɪ səm, ər ˈməni ɪf vouchers”*” ˈsərkjəˌleɪt, ðeɪ ər ˈməni, noʊ ˈdɪfərənt frəm təˈdeɪ ənd ʃʊd bi kɔld ˈməni. ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz ˈkænɑt ˈsərkjəˌleɪt. ɪf juzd ɛz ərˈɪʤənəli ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd, tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər aʊərz wərkt, ənd gʊdz ˈteɪkən, ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈməni ɛz mɛnt ɪn ðə ˈbrɔdər ˈkæpətəlɪst sɛns. ˌɔlˈðoʊ fər ˈwərkərz ðə ˈɛvriˈdeɪ juz əv ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz wʊd bi ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr, ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz kʊd nɑt bi juzd tɪ əˈkjumjəˌleɪt ðə minz əv prəˈdusɪŋ wɛlθ, wɪʧ ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈdɪfərəns. ðɛr ˈoʊnli ˈpərpəs wʊd bi tɪ ˈlɪmət kənˈsəmʃən ənd ɛnˈfɔrs wərk. noʊt ðət ɛnˈfɔrsɪŋ wərk wɑz nɑt ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl aɪˈdiə, bət həz bɪˈkəm, tɪ səm, ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfiʧər. ɪn ˈɛni keɪs, ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm wɪl bi ə soʊˈsaɪɪti əv fri ˈækˌsɛs ənd ˈvɑləntɛri ˈleɪbər. ðɛr wɪl bi noʊ nid fər ˈleɪbər ˈvaʊʧərz. ˈʃɔrtɪʤɪz wɪl nɑt bi ə ˈprɑbləm ɪn ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm, pərˈhæps 50 ər mɔr əv ðə wərk dən ˈəndər ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm wɪl nɑt bi ˈnidɪd. ðə ˈpipəl ˈkərəntli duɪŋ ðət wərk wɪl ðɛn bi əˈveɪləbəl tɪ pərˈfɔrm ˈjusfəl wərk. ðɪs wɪl əˈlaʊ fər ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn ðə ˈævərɪʤ wərk deɪ. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə ˈprɑfɪt ˈmoʊtɪv ˈstændɪŋ ɪn ðə weɪ əv pərˈdəkʃən ənd riˈspɑnsəbəl pərˈdəkʃən tɛkˈniks, pərˈdəkʃən wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ mit nidz. ˈpipəl wɪl meɪk ˈræʃənəl kənˈsəmʃən ˈʧɔɪsɪz.
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what are labour vouchers?
labour vouchers (or labour cheques, labour certificates, labour-time vouchers) are a device suggested to govern demand for goods in “socialism”, much as money does today under capitalism.
originally proposed by robert owen in 1820, they were later taken up by marx in 1875, to deal with the immediate and temporary shortages remaining from capitalism, if socialism had been established at that time.
the world socialist movement opposes labour vouchers entirely, because they will not be needed or desirable.
those who support labour vouchers have several different approaches or definitions of them. we try here to clarify what labour vouchers are, and why we oppose them. in the rest of this section we use the words “paid”, “earned”, “purchase” and similar words to mean actions in “labour voucher socialism” that would be similar to what those words mean today.
labour voucher supporters hold the following general beliefs:
most labour voucher supporters agree that:
labour vouchers are paid for hours of labour performed. labour vouchers are not money. labour vouchers are used to purchase goods and services.
but they disagree with each other:
how are labour vouchers apportioned? each worker gets the same quantity for each hour worked. if the agreed upon rate is 100 labour vouchers for 1 hour, everyone who works for one hour gets 100 labour vouchers. the number of labour vouchers paid per hour depends upon the difficulty or desirability of the work performed. temporary or permanent? labour vouchers are a temporary measure. the general feeling here seems to be that people are used to money now and need time to wean themselves from it. labour vouchers will be permanent. these advocates say that society needs some method to restrict access to goods, and/or that without them there is no way to determine what items should be produced in what quantity when there are conflicting desires for goods. what about those who do not or cannot work? basic necessities should be free to all. enough labour vouchers should be given out to those who do not work (or don’t work enough) to ensure that they can afford basic necessities (and perhaps more). enough labour vouchers should be given out to those determined (by someone or some group) to be needy, or justifiably unable to work, to ensure that they can afford basic necessities (and perhaps more). what about non-traditional work, or work not paid today? (housework, art, etc.) pay for housework, art etc. on an hourly basis like any other work. (possibly including difficulty factors, etc.) pay for art based upon desirability: how many people go to see it or some such measure. straight exchange: art is purchased with labour vouchers for whatever the buyer and seller agree upon. can labour vouchers circulate? no. once a purchase is made the labour vouchers are either destroyed, or must be re-earned through labour. yes. it appears that there are few who believe that labour vouchers should circulate like money, but there are those who believe that they can be “invested” (although not for profit, proponents assure), or that when something is purchased, the seller could use them for their own purchases.
while supporters of labour vouchers have different approaches or ways of stating their beliefs, this broad-brush approach does give a good general feel for the range of ideas of those supporting labour vouchers.
socialism means free access to the goods and services produced by society without any exchange, barter, trading, labour vouchers, or money. instead of arguing specifics socialists argue against the whole concept of labour vouchers.
why the world socialist movement opposes labour voucherslabour vouchers are not necessary
the technical ability exists today to produce, in an ecologically responsible manner, more than enough to satisfy the self-defined needs of the world’s population. there will not be a shortage of goods and therefore, artificial access limitations—labour vouchers—will not be required.
it is obvious that if everyone decided that they needed everything, free access could not work. if people want socialism to work, they must decide that they will not work to destroy it. common sense will prevent outrageous overconsumption. the wsm has always said that socialism cannot be established by 51% of the working class. the conscious support for socialism by the vast majority is key to the success of socialism. if only 51% of the working class support socialism and they haven’t thought it out, then failure is certain. if the vast majority of the working class understands and supports the ramifications of socialism, then success is guaranteed.
labour vouchers, given that they are unnecessary, are undesirable
labour vouchers would tend to maintain the idea that our human worth is determined by how much or how many goods we can own (or produce).
labour vouchers require administration. people must spend time administering the labour vouchers themselves—who gets them (and how many), how they are reused or destroyed, etc.
labour vouchers imply that someone must police who takes the goods produced by society. in other words there must be people who spend their time ensuring that other people do not take things without paying for them. that is normal in a profit oriented society, but a waste of human labour in socialism.
labour vouchers, as suggested by some, are money
if “labour vouchers” circulate, they are money, no different from today and should be called money. labour vouchers cannot circulate.
if used as originally intended, to account for hours worked, and goods taken, they are not money as meant in the broader capitalist sense. although for workers the everyday use of labour vouchers would be very similar, labour vouchers could not be used to accumulate the means of producing wealth, which is a very important difference. their only purpose would be to limit consumption and enforce work. note that enforcing work was not the initial idea, but has become, to some, an important feature.
in any case, socialism will be a society of free access and voluntary labour. there will be no need for labour vouchers.
shortages will not be a problem
in socialism, perhaps 50% or more of the work done under capitalism will not be needed. the people currently doing that work will then be available to perform useful work. this will allow for a significant reduction in the average work day.
instead of the profit motive standing in the way of production and responsible production techniques, production will be able to meet people’s needs.
people will make rational consumption choices.
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ˈpəblɪʃt ɔn ˈɛˈsiˈpi 9 2013 ˈmaɪli ˈsaɪrəs' əˈfɪʃəl mˈjuzɪk ˈvɪdioʊ fər 'ˈrɛkɪŋ bɔl'. klɪk tɪ ˈlɪsən tɪ ˈmaɪli ˈsaɪrəs ɔn spotify*: ɛz ˈfiʧərd ɔn bangerz*. klɪk tɪ baɪ ðə træk ər ˈælbəm ˈviə ˈaɪˌtunz: ˈgugəl pleɪ: ˈæməˌzɑn: mɔr frəm ˈmaɪli ˈsaɪrəs wi kænt stɑp: kænt bi teɪmd: hu oʊnz maɪ hɑrt: ˈfɑloʊ ˈmaɪli ˈsaɪrəs ˈwɛbˌsaɪt: http://www.mileycyrus.com*/ ˈfeɪsˌbʊk: tˈwɪtər: instagram*: https://instagram.com/mileycyrus*/ səbˈskraɪb tɪ ˈmaɪli ˈsaɪrəs ɔn ˈjuˌtub: mɔr greɪt ˈəltəmət hɪts əv ðə ˈvɪdioʊz hir: ˈlɪrɪks: wi klɔd, wi ʧeɪnd ɑr hɑrts ɪn veɪn wi ʤəmpt ˈnɛvər ˈæskɪŋ waɪ wi kɪst, aɪ fɛl ˈəndər jʊr spɛl. ə ləv noʊ dɪˈnaɪ doʊnt ju ˈɛvər seɪ aɪ ʤɪst wɔkt əˈweɪ aɪ wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz wɔnt ju aɪ kænt lɪv ə laɪ, ˈrənɪŋ fər maɪ laɪf aɪ wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz wɔnt ju aɪ keɪm ɪn laɪk ə ˈrɛkɪŋ bɔl aɪ ˈnɛvər hɪt soʊ hɑrd ɪn ləv ɔl aɪ ˈwɔntɪd wɑz tɪ breɪk jʊr wɔlz ɔl ju ˈɛvər dɪd wɑz rɛk mi jæ, ju, ju rɛk mi"
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published on sep 9, 2013
miley cyrus' official music video for 'wrecking ball'. click to listen to miley cyrus on spotify: http://smarturl.it/mcspot?iqid=mcwb
as featured on bangerz. click to buy the track or album via itunes: http://smarturl.it/mcbaitunes?iqid=mcwb
google play: http://smarturl.it/mcwbplay?iqid=mcwb
amazon: http://smarturl.it/mcbam?iqid=mcwb
more from miley cyrus
we can't stop: https://youtu.be/lruvu1mlwco
can't be tamed: https://youtu.be/sjsg6z_13-q
who owns my heart: https://youtu.be/ivbqxc2c3-8
follow miley cyrus
website: http://www.mileycyrus.com/
facebook: https://www.facebook.com/mileycyrus
twitter: https://twitter.com/mileycyrus
instagram: https://instagram.com/mileycyrus/
subscribe to miley cyrus on youtube: http://smarturl.it/mcsub?iqid=mcwb
more great ultimate hits of the noughties videos here: http://smarturl.it/unplaylist?iqid=mcwb
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lyrics:
we clawed, we chained our hearts in vain
we jumped never asking why
we kissed, i fell under your spell.
a love no onecould deny
don't you ever say i just walked away
i will always want you
i can't live a lie, running for my life
i will always want you
i came in like a wrecking ball
i never hit so hard in love
all i wanted was to break your walls
all you ever did was wreck me
yeah, you, you wreck me"
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əˈməŋst ðə stɑrz æt ðə tɔp əv ðə ˈkraɪslər ˈbɪldɪŋ ðə flɔr əbˈzərvəˌtɔri əv ðə ˈkraɪslər ˈbɪldɪŋ, ˈsərkə 1930 waʊ: ˈoʊpənd ɪn 1930 ðə əbˈzərvəˌtɔri ˈfiʧərd ə ˈsoʊlər ˈsɪstəm moʊˈtif, kəmˈplit wɪθ ə rʊf ənd læmps. ðə əbˈzərvəˌtɔri kloʊzd ɪn 1945 ənd wɑz ˈgətɪd ˈsəmˌtaɪm ˈleɪtər. mɔr ˈpɪkʧərz hir; sæd ˈpɪkʧərz əv ðə ˈəpər flɔrz ɪn ən əˈbændənd steɪt hir (ˈɔlsoʊ sɪns ˈgətɪd). ˈwiˌkɪnd dɪˈskəʃən: wət ˈmɑdərn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ˌɪnˈtɪriər meɪks ju goʊ ““wow”*” ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ðɪs dɪz? -skaʊt ɪf ju ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs poʊst, wʊd ju kənˈsɪdər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə doʊˈneɪʃən tɪ hɛlp mi meɪk maɪ fərst ˈmuvi? ðə goʊl ɪz ənd tɪ deɪt, ˈskaʊtɪŋ ˈridərz hæv ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd ʤɪst 5 ər 10 kən meɪk ə ˈdɪfərəns ənd ju gɪt ðɪs sˈnæzi ˈskaʊtɪŋ ɛz ə gɪft! klɪk hir tɪ ˈdoʊˌneɪt təˈdeɪ! ənd heɪ, ɪf juv meɪd ɪt ðɪs fɑr, waɪ nɑt ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs ˈviə rss*, tˈwɪtər, ˈfeɪsˌbʊk, instagram*, ər ˈtəmblər?
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amongst the stars at the top of the chrysler building
the 71st floor observatory of the chrysler building, circa 1930. wow:
opened in 1930, the observatory featured a solar system motif, complete with a starburst roof and planet-like lamps. the observatory closed in 1945, and was gutted sometime later. more pictures here; sad pictures of the upper floors in an abandoned state here (also since gutted).
weekend discussion: what modern new york city interior makes you go “wow” in the same way this does?
-scout
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ˈnæpəli ˈvərsəz 2014 ˈvɪdioʊ bɪˈloʊ) ˈfaɪnəl skɔr ənd rɪˈzəlt:- ˈnæpəli ˈvərsəz ˈmərtənz/ lulic*, onazi*) sæn ˈpaʊloʊ, ˈneɪpəlz- 13 ˈeɪprəl, 2014 ˈsənˌdi- ə draɪz mertens’*’ lɔŋ reɪnʤ ˈskrimər ənd gɑnˈzɑloʊ hæt trɪk gɪv ˈnæpəli ə wɪn ˈoʊvər tɛn mæn (ˈkrɛdɪts əv ðiz ˈvɪdioʊz wɪθ rɪˈspɛktɪv θərd ˈpɑrti uploaders*. ˈsɑkər ˈblɔgər ɪz nɑt riˈspɑnsəbəl fər θərd ˈpɑrti ˈkɑntɛnt) ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈkɑmənˌtɛri, ˈdʊˈreɪʃən ɪkˈstɛndɪd, ˌɪˈtæljən ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ˌɪˈtæljən ˈkɑmənˌtɛri, ˈdʊˈreɪʃən ˌɪˈtæljən ˈkɑmənˌtɛri, ˈdʊˈreɪʃən həŋˈgɛriən ˈkɑmənˌtɛri, ˈdʊˈreɪʃən ˌɪˈtæljən ˈkɑmənˌtɛri, ˈdʊˈreɪʃən ˈnæpəli ˈvərsəz goʊl ˈvərsəz ˈnæpəli ˈnæpəli (ˈmərtənz goʊl ˈvərsəz ˈnæpəli ˈpɛnəlti goʊl ˈvərsəz ˈnæpəli goʊl ˈvərsəz ˈnæpəli ˈvərsəz goʊl ˈvərsəz ˈnæpəli ˈnæpəli vi hæt trɪk goʊl vi
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napoli vs lazio 2014 ( napoli-lazio video below)
final score and result:- napoli vs lazio 4-2 (higuain*3, mertens/ lulic, onazi)
stadio san paolo, naples- 13 april, 2014- sunday- 13/4/14- serie a
dries mertens’ long range screamer and gonzalo higuain’s hat trick give napoli a 4-2 win over ten man lazio
(credits of these napoli-lazio videos with respective third party uploaders. soccer blogger is not responsible for third party content)
english commentary, 3:18 duration
19:59, extended, italian commentary
italian commentary, 3:42 duration
italian commentary, 1:15 duration
hungarian commentary, 6:23 duration
italian commentary, 2:35 duration
napoli vs lazio 0-1 (lulic goal vs napoli 21′)
napoli lazio 1-1 (mertens goal vs lazio 42′)
napoli lazio 2-1 (higuain penalty goal vs lazio 49′)
napoli lazio 3-1 (higuain goal vs lazio 67′)
napoli vs lazio 3-2 (onazi goal vs napoli 82′)
napoli v lazio 4-2 (higuain hat trick goal v lazio 90′)
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ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd fər 2019 wɪθ ˈoʊvər 100 nu rɪˈvaɪzd ˈpæsɪʤɪz ənd ə ˈboʊnəs ˈʧæptər ɔn ˈækʃənəbəl weɪz ju teɪk jʊr frəm ˈziroʊ tɪ fænz ənd mɔr! naʊ ðə tɔp ˈreɪtɪd mˈjuzɪk ˈbɪznɪs bʊk ɔn boʊθ ˈæməˌzɑn bʊks ənd ðə ˈkɪndəl stɔr ɪz ðə moʊst əp tɪ deɪt, rɪˈlaɪəbəl sɔrs əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən sin ɪn ˈɛni fɔrm fər əp ənd ˈkəmɪŋ bands”*” rɔs ˈrɑbənsən aɪ æm rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz slipknot*, ðə kjʊr ənd prəˈdusər æt ðə draɪv ɪn, kɔrn ənd deftones*) ˈɪnˌsaɪt, ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz ənd ˈstrætəʤiz ər ˈɔfərd, nɑt force-fed*, tɪ prəˈvoʊk θɔt, ˌɪnˈstɪl ˈkɑmən sɛns, ənd ˌɪnˈspaɪr ˌɪnʤəˈnuəˌti ɪn ðoʊz wɪθ ðə ˌpərsəˈvɪrəns tɪ ˈpərmiˌeɪt ðə ˈræpədli ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˈoʊˌzoʊn əv ðə ˈmɑdərn deɪ mˈjuzɪk business.”*.” ʤɑn ˌkæfiˈɛroʊ (ˈmænɪʤər əv ðə ˈmɪsˌfɪts ðə ˈleɪbəl ˈɛdɪtər kəˈmænˌdoʊ: ðə ˌɔtəbaɪˈɑgrəfi əv ˈʤɑni oʊˈsɑkə popstar*) ɪz ə məst rɛd fər ˈɛniˌwən ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn ðɪs nu eɪʤ əv ˈmidiə. ˈʤɛsi həz wən əv ðə moʊst dɪˈvərs ˈreɪnʤɪz əv ril laɪf mˈjuzɪk ˈɪndəstri ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈɛvər sin, pərˈhæps hɪz ˈriləˈzeɪʃən ðət ðə nu mˈjuzɪk ˈɪndəstri ɪz nɑt əˈbaʊt ˈfaɪndɪŋ ə səˈluʃən bət əˈbaʊt ˈkɑnstənt ˌɛvəˈluʃən ðət meɪks ɪm soʊ kˈwɑləˌfaɪd tɪ ˈprɛzənt ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ us.”*.” ˈbɛnʤəmən ˈwaɪnmən (ˌgɪˈtɑrɪst, ˈsɔŋˌraɪtər, ˈmænɪʤər fər ðə ˈdɪlɪŋər ɪˈskeɪp plæn) ju hæd tɪ goʊ wɪθ ʤɪst wən bʊk ɔn mˈjuzɪk bɪz, ðɪs wʊd bi ðə one.”*.” klaɪd smɪθ (hypebot.com*) ˈsɪriəs əˈbaʊt jʊr kərɪr ənd ər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv gaɪd ðət wɔnt tɪ rɪˈfər tɪ rɪˈpitɪdli ənd ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈaʊtˌdeɪtɪd ˈɛni taɪm sun, ðɛn bi ʃʊr tɪ pɪk ðɪs up.”*.” krɪˈstin (θɪŋk laɪk ə ˈleɪbəl) packed…*… 10 wɛl spɛnt indeedy”*” ˈeɪdriən (buzzsonic.com*)
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updated for 2019 with over 100 new & revised passages and a bonus chapter on actionable ways you take your fanbase from zero to 10,000 fans and more!
now the top rated music business book on both
amazon books and the kindle store !
“this is the most up to date, reliable source of information i’ve seen in any form for up and coming bands” - ross robinson (a&r i am recordings – slipknot, the cure and glassjaw / producer – at the drive in, korn and deftones)
“comprehensive insight, observations and diy strategies are offered, not force-fed, to provoke thought, instill common sense, and inspire ingenuity in those with the perseverance to permeate the rapidly changing ozone of the modern day music business.” - john cafiero (manager of the misfits & the ramones/record label ceo/producer/director/writer & editor – commando: the autobiography of johnny ramone/musician – osaka popstar)
“this is a must read for anyone marketing themselves in this new age of media. jesse has one of the most diverse ranges of real life diy music industry experience i’ve ever seen, it’s perhaps his realization that the new music industry is not about finding a solution but about constant evolution that makes him so qualified to present this information to us.” - benjamin weinman (guitarist, songwriter, manager for the dillinger escape plan)
“if you had to go with just one book on diy music biz, this would be the one.” – clyde smith (hypebot.com)
“if you’re serious about your career and are looking for a comprehensive guide that you’ll want to refer to repeatedly and isn’t likely to be outdated any time soon, then be sure to pick this up.” – christine infanger (think like a label)
“astonishingly packed… $10 well spent indeedy” - adrian fusiarski (buzzsonic.com)
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ɪn ˈkipɪŋ wɪθ hɪz ˌɪnˈklusɪv əˈproʊʧ tɪ hɪz roʊl, wɪn poʊp ˈfrænsɪs ˈvɪzɪts ˈiʤɪpt ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ hi wɪl mit wɪθ ðə hɛd əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ɪn ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk wərld ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈlidərz əv ðə ɛmˈbætəld ˈkrɪsʧɪn kəmˈjunɪti. ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ rɛd mɔr poʊp ˈfrænsɪs goʊz tɪ ˈiʤɪpt æt ðə ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən əv ʃik ˈɑmɛd el-tayeb*, ðə grænd ˈaɪmæm əv ˌjunəˈvərsəti, ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən əv ˈlərnɪŋ ɪn ðə wərld əv ˈsuni ˌɪsˈlɑm. ˈfrænsɪs wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd tɪ ˈiʤɪpt baɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt al-sisi*, hu ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðə ˈvætɪkən ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər, 2014 ənd wɪθ hum ðə ˈpɑntɪf wɪl mit ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz trɪp. ˈjumən raɪts ˈæktɪvɪsts wɪl bi ˈwɑʧɪŋ ðət ɪnˈkaʊnər ˈkloʊsli ɪn laɪt əv ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli riˈprɛsɪv ˈætməsˌfɪr sɪns ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn 2014 wɪn æst ɪf ðə poʊp wʊd reɪz ðə ˈɪʃu əv ˈjumən raɪts wɪθ ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃən hɛd əv steɪt, ˈvætɪkən ˈspoʊksmən grɛg bərk sɛd: si wət ðə poʊp həz tɪ say.”*.” poʊp ˈtrævəlz tɪ ˈiʤɪpt wɪθ ə 'ˈmɛsɪʤ əv solidarity’*’ ðə ˈoʊnli ˈəðər ˈvɪzɪt əv ə ˈroʊmən ˈkæθlɪk poʊp tɪ ˈiʤɪpt wɑz baɪ poʊp ʤɑn pɔl ɪn 2000 hi dɪd nɑt mit wɪθ ˈlidərz æt bət, ˈæftər ə brif ˈsoʊʤərn ɪn ˈkaɪroʊ, ˈtrævəld tɪ seɪnt ˈmɑnəˌstɛri ɪn ˈsaɪˌnaɪ, bɪˈlivd tɪ kənˈteɪn ðə saɪt əv ðə ˈbərnɪŋ bʊʃ sin baɪ ˈmoʊzɪs. ˈfrænsɪs wɪl əraɪv ɪn ˈkaɪroʊ ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun ənd wɪl liv 27 aʊərz ˈleɪtər. ˈdaɪəˌlɔg bɪtˈwin sɛkts francis’*’ trɪp wɪl nɑt ʤɪst bi prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ˈdaɪəˌlɔg əˈməŋ ˈdɪfərənt riˈlɪʤənz, bət əˈməŋ ˈdɪfərənt sɛkts əv ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti ɛz wɛl. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ æˈdrɛsɪŋ tu ˈməzlɪm ˈɔdiənsəz, ˈfrænsɪs wɪl dɪˈlɪvər ə spiʧ tɪ, hu ər pɑrt əv ðə ˌɔriˈɛnəl ˈɔrθəˌdɑks kəmˈjunjən əv ˈʧərʧɪz, ənd əˈnəðər tɪ ˈkæθlɪks, ənd wɪl hoʊld ə ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈkɑptɪk ˈpeɪtriˌɑrk, poʊp. ðə θərd brænʧ əv ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti, ðə ˈistərn ˈɔrθəˌdɑks ʧərʧ, wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə trɪp, ɛz poʊp ˈfrænsɪs wɪl bi əˈkəmpənid ɪn ˈiʤɪpt baɪ ˈpeɪtriˌɑrk bɑrˈθɑləmˌju əv ˌkɑnstæntəˈnoʊpəl. ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈkrɪsʧɪnz ər, ən ˈɔrθəˌdɑks sɛkt ðət kəmˈpraɪzɪz əˈbaʊt 10 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv 92 ˈmɪljən. ˈkæθlɪks ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, meɪk əp əˈbaʊt pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈsɪtɪzənri, ənd ðə grik ˈɔrθəˌdɑks ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪn ˈiʤɪpt ɪz ˈrəfli ðə seɪm saɪz. ðə ər ðə ˈoʊldəst ənd ˈlɑrʤəst ˈkrɪsʧɪn kəmˈjunɪti ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist. francis’*’ trɪp kəmz ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈpɪriəd fər ˈkrɪsʧɪnz ɪn ˈiʤɪpt, hu hæv bɪn ðə ˈvɪktɪmz əv ˌɪnˈkrist sɛkˈtɛriən ˈvaɪələns ˈɛvər sɪns ðə ˈaʊstər əv ˈməzlɪm ˈprɛzɪdənt moʊˈhæmɪd ɪn 2013 ɔn ˈeɪprəl 9 bɑmz rɪpt θru tu ˈkɑptɪk ˈʧərʧɪz ɛz ˈwərʃɪpərz ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd pɑm ˈsənˌdi, ˈkɪlɪŋ 45 ənd ˈmɑrkɪŋ ðə ˈblədiəst deɪ fər ðə kəmˈjunɪti ɪn ˈdɛkeɪdz. poʊp hæd bɪn dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ðə mæs ɪn wən əv ðə ˈʧərʧɪz ðət wɑz hɪt, bət lɛft ˈmoʊmənts ˌbiˈfɔr ðə blæst. dɪˈspaɪt sɪˈkjʊrəti kənˈsərnz ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðoʊz əˈtæks, ˈfrænsɪs həz ˌɛˈʃud ðə juz əv ən kɑr ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz taɪm ɪn ˈiʤɪpt ɪn ˈkipɪŋ wɪθ hɪz ˈpræktɪs əv ˈmɪŋgəlɪŋ wɪθ ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈpipəl. ˌriəˈʃʊrɪŋ ˈkrɪsʧɪnz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist francis’*’ ˈvɪzɪt ˈsɪgnəlz ə ˈtərnɪŋ pɔɪnt ɪn ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈkæθlɪk ənd ˈməzlɪm əˈθɔrətiz. ˈtɛnʧənz bɪtˈwin ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk wərld ənd ðə ˈvætɪkən gru streɪnd ˈæftər ə 2006 spiʧ baɪ poʊp ˈbɛnəˌdɪkt ðət ˈmɛni ˈməzlɪmz fɛlt lɪŋkt ðɛr rɪˈlɪʤən wɪθ ˈvaɪələns. ɪn 2011 ˈfɔrməli kət taɪz wɪθ ðə ˈvætɪkən bɪˈkəz əv ˈnɛgətɪv ˈkɑmɛnts ˈbɛnəˌdɪkt meɪd əˈbaʊt ðə kənˈdɪʃənz əv ˈkrɪsʧɪnz ɪn ˈiʤɪpt. ˈfrænsɪs sɛd hi hoʊpt ðət hɪz trɪp tɪ ˈiʤɪpt wʊd ə ˈvælɪd ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ˈdaɪəˌlɔg wɪθ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk wərld, ənd tɪ ˌɛkjuˈmɛnɪkəl ˈdaɪəˌlɔg wɪθ ðə ˈvɛnərˌeɪtɪd ənd bɪˈləvəd ˈkɑptɪk ˈɔrθəˌdɑks church”*”. hi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd hi hoʊpt hɪz ˈvɪzɪt wʊd "bi ən ɪmˈbreɪs əv ˌkɑnsəˈleɪʃən ənd əv ɛnˈkərɪʤmənt tɪ ɔl ˈkrɪsʧɪnz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl east”*”. ðə ˌræˌproʊʃˈmɑn wɑz ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd baɪ, wɪn ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðə ˈvætɪkən læst meɪ. ɪz kənˈsɪdərd baɪ ˈmɛni tɪ bi ə ˈmɑdərˌeɪt ənd həz rɪˈpitɪdli kənˈdɛmd ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt grup. ðə ˈvætɪkən sɪz ðət ˈfrænsɪs bɪˈlivz ðət ˈdaɪəˌlɔg ɪz mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt naʊ ðən ˈɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr ənd ðət ə ˈməzlɪm vɔɪs əv ˈtɑlərəns laɪk ɪz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt wən. ðə ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən əv ɛz pɑrt əv ðə səˈluʃən tɪ ðə raɪz əv ɪkˈstrimɪst ɪz nɑt ʃɛrd baɪ ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ˈiʤɪpt. ˈkrɪtɪks wɪˈθɪn ˈiʤɪpt kənˈtɛnd ðət ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən həz nɑt gɔn fɑr ɪˈnəf ɪn ɪkˈstɪŋgwɪʃɪŋ ɪkˈstrimɪst streɪnz ɪn ˌɪsˈlɑm, ənd həz bɪn rɪˈzɪstənt tɪ kɔlz baɪ tɪ ðə faith”*”. ˈfrænsɪs ɪz nɑt wɪˈθaʊt ˈkrɪtɪks əv hɪz oʊn. ʧərʧ kənˈsərvətɪvz ər ənˈhæpi ðət hi ɪz riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ˈməzlɪm ˈlidərz əˈmɪd ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ, ˈdɛdli ˈvaɪələns əˈgɛnst ˈkrɪsʧɪnz ɪn ðə ˈriʤən. rəˈbɛrtoʊ də ˈmætaɪ, ˈɛdɪtər əv ðə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈmægəˌzin ˈkrɪsʧɪn ruts roʊt ɪn ən ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl ðət ðə ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz əv ðə pɑm ˈsənˌdi ˈbɑmɪŋz wər "nɑt ənˈbælənst ər ˈkreɪzi bət ˈbɛrərz əv ə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈvɪʒən ðət həz bɪn kəmˈbætɪŋ ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti sɪns ðə ˈsɛvənθ century”*”.
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in keeping with his inclusive approach to his role, when pope francis visits egypt on friday he will meet with the head of the most important institution in the islamic world as well as leaders of the nation’s embattled christian community.
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pope francis goes to egypt at the invitation of sheik ahmed el-tayeb, the grand imam of al-azhar university, the most important institution of learning in the world of sunni islam. francis was also invited to egypt by president abdel-fattah al-sisi, who visited the vatican in november, 2014, and with whom the pontiff will meet during his trip.
human rights activists will be watching that encounter closely in light of an increasingly repressive atmosphere since sisi’s election in 2014. when asked if the pope would raise the issue of human rights with the egyptian head of state, vatican spokesman greg burke said: “let’s see what the pope has to say.”
pope travels to egypt with a 'message of solidarity’
the only other visit of a roman catholic pope to egypt was by pope john paul ii in 2000. he did not meet with leaders at al-azhar but, after a brief sojourn in cairo, traveled to saint catherine’s monastery in sinai, believed to contain the site of the burning bush seen by moses.
francis will arrive in cairo on friday afternoon and will leave 27 hours later.
dialogue between sects
francis’ trip will not just be promoting dialogue among different religions, but among different sects of christianity as well. in addition to addressing two muslim audiences, francis will deliver a speech to copts, who are part of the oriental orthodox communion of churches, and another to catholics, and will hold a meeting with the coptic patriarch, pope tawadros ii.
the third branch of christianity, the eastern orthodox church, will also be represented during the trip, as pope francis will be accompanied in egypt by patriarch bartholomew of constantinople.
the vast majority of egypt’s christians are copts, an orthodox sect that comprises about 10 percent of the nation’s population of 92 million. catholics on the other hand, make up about 0.3 percent of the citizenry, and the greek orthodox population in egypt is roughly the same size. the copts are the oldest and largest christian community in the middle east.
francis’ trip comes during a particularly difficult period for christians in egypt, who have been the victims of increased sectarian violence ever since the ouster of muslim brotherhood-backed president mohammed morsi in 2013. on april 9, bombs ripped through two coptic churches as worshippers celebrated palm sunday, killing 45 and marking the bloodiest day for the community in decades. pope tawadros had been delivering the mass in one of the churches that was hit, but left moments before the blast.
despite security concerns in the wake of those attacks, francis has eschewed the use of an armoured car during his time in egypt in keeping with his practice of mingling with ordinary people.
reassuring christians in the middle east
francis’ visit signals a turning point in the relationship between catholic and muslim authorities. tensions between the islamic world and the vatican grew strained after a 2006 speech by pope benedict xvi that many muslims felt linked their religion with violence. in 2011 al-azhar formally cut ties with the vatican because of negative comments benedict made about the conditions of christians in egypt.
francis said he hoped that his trip to egypt would “offer a valid contribution to interreligious dialogue with the islamic world, and to ecumenical dialogue with the venerated and beloved coptic orthodox church”. he also said he hoped his visit would "be an embrace of consolation and of encouragement to all christians in the middle east”.
the rapprochement was initiated by al-azhar, when tayeb visited the vatican last may. tayeb is considered by many to be a moderate and has repeatedly condemned the islamic state group. the vatican says that francis believes that interreligious dialogue is more important now than ever before and that a muslim voice of tolerance like tayeb’s is an important one.
the pope’s recognition of al-azhar as part of the solution to the rise of extremist islamism is not shared by everyone in egypt. critics within egypt contend that the institution has not gone far enough in extinguishing extremist strains in islam, and al-azhar has been resistant to calls by sisi to “modernise the faith”.
francis is not without critics of his own. church conservatives are unhappy that he is normalising relations with muslim leaders amid ongoing, deadly violence against christians in the region. roberto de mattei, editor of the conservative magazine christian roots wrote in an editorial that the perpetrators of the palm sunday bombings were "not unbalanced or crazy but bearers of a religious vision that has been combating christianity since the seventh century”.
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ɪf geɪmz ˈreɪzɪz ðɛl noʊ ðət ˈgeɪmərz stɪl ləv. ðə ˈpəblɪʃər, ˈpriviəsli riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˌʤæpəˈniz geɪmz laɪk ənd ˈvænˌgɑrd ˈbændəts tɪ ðə ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən ˈnɛtˌwərk, ɪz ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ə kæmˈpeɪn tɪ pruv ðət ðə bɪˈləvəd ˈʒɑnrə eɪnt dɛd jɛt. təˈmɑˌroʊ, (ənd ˈpɑrtnər) wɪl kɪk ɔf ðɛr tɪ kriˈeɪt ə dəˈləks ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈvərʒən əv ðə klæs əv ˈhɪroʊz 2 ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz toʊld. ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ riˈlis ən "ˌoʊldˈskul ˈpækɪʤ," ðə taɪp ju maɪt hæv sin ɪn geɪmz ə ˈdɛkeɪd əˈgoʊ, stəft wɪθ mæps ənd ˈfɪgjərz ənd ɔl sɔrts əv ˈəðər kəˈlɛktəbəlz. tɪ du soʊ, ðeɪ wɔnt hæf ə ˈmɪljən ˈdɔlərz. ˈəpˌdeɪt: ðə peɪʤ ɪz naʊ lɪv. ɪf ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt wərks aʊt, ðə tim həz ə "ˈlɔndri lɪst" əv ˈəðər ðeɪd laɪk tɪ brɪŋ ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈprɛzɪdənt (ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈwərkɪŋ dɪˈzaɪnz hɛd) ˈvɪktər ˈaɪərlənd toʊld ðɪs ˌæftərˈnun. ˈaɪərlənd, riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə ˌloʊkələˈzeɪʃən əv ˈwəndərfəl geɪmz laɪk ðə ˈlunər ˈsɪriz, θɪŋks ðɛrz rum ɪn ðə juz. ˈmɑrkɪt fər ə riˈsərʤəns əv. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt "ðɛrz tənz əv greɪt ənd rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈkɑntɛnt ɪn ʤəˈpæn ðət ʤɪst ˈɪzənt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt aʊt bɪˈkəz ɪts ʤɪst æt ənˈprɑfɪtəbəl ənd ˈrɪtən ɔf," ˈaɪərlənd sɛd. "ˈfɔrʧənətli wɪθ ðə ˈvaɪtə ˈgɪtɪŋ ə juʤ pʊʃ ənd ɪts kəmˌpætəˈbɪləˌti, wi kən trænˈzɪʃən ðiz ənˈləvd ˈəgli ˈdəklɪŋz soʊ ðeɪ kən ˈfaɪnəli bi sin ɛz ðə ˈgreɪsfəl swɔnz wi sɔ ɔl əˈlɔŋ. "wɪr ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ˈtaɪtəlz ɔn ɔl ˈplætˌfɔrmz, bət ðɛrz ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈɛmfəsɪs ɔn bɪˈkəz ðɛrz soʊ ˈmɛni ˈtaɪtəlz stək ɪn ʤəˈpæn ðət ˈrɪli nid tɪ bi ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd hir. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈivɪn ðoʊ aɪ kænt gɪv spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈtaɪtəlz, noʊ ðət wi hæv pərˈsud ər ər ˈkloʊzɪŋ dilz ɔn ɔl ˈmeɪʤər ˈplætˌfɔrmz." klæs əv ˈhɪroʊz 2 ðə ˈsikwəl tɪ ən ˈdənʤən (ðət rɪˈsivd ˈrəðər ˌmidiˈoʊkər rəvˈjuz), ˈnɛvər meɪd ɪt tɪ ðə juz. wɪn ɪt wɑz fərst riˈlist bæk ɪn 2009 ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ðɪs ɪz səkˈsɛsfəl, sɪz ɪt stɪl plænz tɪ riˈlis ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈvərʒənz əv klæs əv ˈhɪroʊz 2 fər ənd ɪts kəmˈpænjən, klæs əv ˈhɪroʊz 2g*, fər ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən 3 ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt hir ər səm əv ðə rɪˈwɔrd tirz ðət ənd wɪl meɪk əˈveɪləbəl fər ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt: ˈkəstəm ˈlɛtərz ækˈnɑlɪʤɪŋ plɛʤd ˈhɑrdˈkɔr səˈpɔrt frəm ˈvɪktər ˈaɪərlənd klæs əv ˈhɪroʊz 2 dəˈləks pæk fər wɪθ kəˈmɛmərˌeɪtɪv pɪnz pər tir klæs əv ˈhɪroʊz 2 ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪˈdɪʃən ˈkɛrɪktər pləʃ tɔɪz klæs əv ˈhɪroʊz 2 ˈpoʊstər saɪnd baɪ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər tim ˌɪnˈkluʒən ɪn ðə geɪmz ˈkrɛdɪts ənd əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ʧuz ˈkrɛdɪt ˈpleɪsmənt ˈlɛvəl wɪθ plɛʤ klæs əv ˈhɪroʊz 2 ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪˈdɪʃən ˈpɑkət wɔʧ klæs əv ˈhɪroʊz 2 ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪˈdɪʃən ˈkəstəm mˈjuzɪk bɑks grænd tir: ɔl ˈpriviəs tirz ənd steɪ ɪn lɑ wɪθ wən ˈhoʊstɪd deɪ æt 2012 ənd ˈdɪnər wɪθ geɪmz ənd tu tirz ɔf əˈlaʊ ə trɪp tɪ ʤəˈpæn ˈhoʊstɪd baɪ geɪmz ənd tɪ mit ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz kriˈeɪtərz ənd əˈnəðər ðət əˈlaʊz fænz tɪ bi drɔn ɛz ə ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn ðə geɪm ðət wɪl ʃɪp. "ðɪs ˈrɪli ɪz ə tɛst keɪs fər ðɪs ɪˈvɑlvd ˈmɑdəl əv ˈhaɪbrədz dɪˈrɛkt tɪ fænz," ˈaɪərlənd sɛd. "wɪr ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ si ɪt wərk laɪk wi θɪŋk ɪt wɪl ənd ˈrɪli æmp əp ðə ˈmɑrkɪt əˈgɛn tɪ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ðə fænz wi noʊ ər aʊt ðɛr."
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if monkeypaw games raises $500,000, they'll know that gamers still love jrpgs.
the publisher, previously responsible for bringing japanese role-playing games like alundra and vanguard bandits to the playstation network, is launching a kickstarter campaign to prove that the beloved genre ain't dead yet.
tomorrow, monkeypaw (and partner gaijinworks) will kick off their kickstarter to create a deluxe physical version of the rpg class of heroes 2, the company has told kotaku. they want to release an "old-school package," the type you might have seen in games a decade ago, stuffed with maps and figures and all sorts of other collectibles. to do so, they want half a million dollars.
update: the kickstarter page is now live.
if this project works out, the team has a "laundry list" of other jrpgs they'd like to bring over to the united states, gaijinworks president (and former working designs head) victor ireland told kotaku this afternoon. ireland, responsible for the localization of wonderful games like the lunar series, thinks there's room in the u.s. market for a resurgence of jrpgs.
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"there's tons of great rpg and related content in japan that just isn't making it out because it's just pooh-poohed at unprofitable and written off," ireland said. "fortunately with the vita getting a huge push and its psp compatibility, we can transition these unloved ugly ducklings so they can finally be seen as the graceful swans we saw all along.
"we're looking at titles on all platforms, but there's a special emphasis on psp because there's so many titles stuck in japan that really need to be enjoyed here. however, even though i can't give specific titles, know that we have pursued or are closing deals on all major platforms."
class of heroes 2, the sequel to an atlus-published psp dungeon crawler (that received rather mediocre reviews), never made it to the u.s. when it was first released back in 2009. whether or not this kickstarter is successful, monkeypaw says it still plans to release digital versions of class of heroes 2 for psp and its companion, class of heroes 2g, for playstation 3.
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here are some of the reward tiers that monkeypaw and gaijinworks will make available for this project:
* custom gold-sealed letters acknowledging pledged hardcore jrpg support from victor ireland
* class of heroes 2 deluxe pack for psp with bronze/silver/gold commemorative pins per tier
* class of heroes 2 limited edition character plush toys
* class of heroes 2 poster signed by the entire team
* inclusion in the game's credits and ability to choose credit placement level with pledge
* class of heroes 2 limited edition pocket watch
* class of heroes 2 limited edition custom music box
* grand tier: all previous tiers and 2-night stay in la with one hosted day at e3 2012 and dinner
with monkeypaw games and gaijinworks
* two tiers off kickstarter allow a trip to japan hosted by monkeypaw games and gaijinworks
to meet the japanese creators and another that allows fans to be drawn as a character in the
game that will ship.
"this kickstarter really is a test case for this evolved model of digital/physical hybrids direct to fans," ireland said. "we're excited to see it work like we think it will and really amp up the rpg market again to satisfy the fans we know are out there."
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ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz əˈkrɔs ˈɪŋglənd hæv bɪn toʊld tɪ ˈkænsəl ˌnɑnɪˈmərʤənsi ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ðə nu jɪr tɪ priˈpɛr fər ə sərʤ ɪn ˈpeɪʃənz. ðə fərst wiks əv ˈʤænjuˌɛri ər ˈɔfən ðə ˈbɪziəst əv ðə jɪr wɪθ ˈwɪntər ˈɪlnəsɪz ˈpikɪŋ, kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ðə groʊɪŋ ˈdeɪtuˌdeɪ dɪˈmænd ɪn a&e*. soʊ ən ˈimərʤənsi ˈpænəl əv ˈbɔsɪz ɪz ˈərʤɪŋ ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz tɪ kət bæk ɔn ðɛr ruˈtin wərk, səʧ ɛz ni ənd hɪp ɑps. ðeɪ hoʊp ɪt wɪl gɪv ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz səm ˈbriðɪŋ speɪs tɪ koʊp. ˈpəblɪkli, noʊ ˈfɪgjər ɪz biɪŋ pʊt ɔn ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ðət ʃʊd bi pʊt ɔf, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˌbibiˈsi ˌəndərˈstændz ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz ər ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv duɪŋ 10 fjuər. ðət wʊd min ɪn ðə ˈriʤən əv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz nɑt ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs ɪn ðə fərst tu wiks əv ˈʤænjuˌɛri. ðə ˈpænəl həz səˈʤɛstɪd ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz juz ðə stæf frid əp baɪ ðə muv tɪ sɛt əp "hɑt ˈklɪnɪks" stæft baɪ ˈɛkspərts ɪn kənˈdɪʃənz səʧ ɛz ˈrɛspərəˌtɔri ˈɪlnəs tɪ teɪk ðə ˈprɛʃər ɔf a&e*. ðə dɪˈrɛktɪv ɪz ðə fərst tɪ bi ˈɪʃud baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈimərʤənsi ˈprɛʃərz ˈpænəl, ə nu grup əv ˈsinjər ˈdɑktərz, ˈnərsɪz ənd ˈmænɪʤərz sɛt əp tɪ ədˈvaɪz ˈɪŋglənd. sərʧ fər ə hɛlθ trəst ər sərʧ fər jʊr ˈnɪrəst hɛlθ trəsts kænt faɪnd jʊr hɛlθ trəst? braʊz ðə fʊl lɪst braʊz ðə fʊl lɪst goʊ ˈrəðər sərʧ baɪ ˈtaɪpɪŋ? bæk tɪ sərʧ ɪf ju kænt si ðə ˈtrækər, klɪk ər tæp hir. ˈpænəl ʧɛr sər brus ˈkioʊ sɛd ɪt wʊd bi ˈsɛnsəbəl fər ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz tɪ kərˈteɪl ðə əˈmaʊnt əv plænd wərk ðeɪ ər duɪŋ ənˈtɪl æt list mɪd ˈʤænjuˌɛri. stæf ər ˈwərkɪŋ flæt aʊt tɪ koʊp wɪθ ˈsizənəl ˈprɛʃərz ənd ɪnˈʃʊr ˈpeɪʃənz rɪˈsiv ðə bɛst ˈpɑsəbəl kɛr. "ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈgɪvɪn ðə skeɪl əv ðə ˈʧælənʤ, ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz ʃʊd bi ˈplænɪŋ fər ə sərʤ ðət kəmz ɪn ðə nu jɪr baɪ friɪŋ əp bɛdz ənd stæf wɛr ðeɪ kən tɪ kɛr fər ɑr ˈsɪkəst ˈpeɪʃənz." hi sɛd ðɪs wʊd rɪˈdus ðə nid fər ˌlæsˈmɪnət ˌkænsəˈleɪʃənz wɪʧ wər ˌɔnˈfɛr ɔn ˈpeɪʃənz. ɪt kəmz ɛz ˈfɪgjərz riˈlist ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ʃoʊd ˈprɛʃərz hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈbɪldɪŋ. ðə ˈwikli ˈbʊlɪtən frəm ˈɪŋglənd ʃoʊd ˈoʊvər bɛdz wər kloʊzd bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈvɑmətɪŋ bəg ˈnɪrli 10 əv ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl waɪl ˈæmbjələnsɪz wər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈlaɪkli tɪ faɪnd ðɛmˈsɛlvz dɪˈleɪd wɪn ðeɪ drɑpt ɔf ˈpeɪʃənz æt a&e*. pɔˈlin ˈfɪlɪp, ðə ˈnæʃənəl dɪˈrɛktər fər ˈimərʤənsi kɛr, sɛd ɪt wɑz ə ˈsɛnsəbəl muv. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ ərʤd ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz tɪ meɪk ðə moʊst əv ðə ˈɛkstrə ˈwɪntər ˈfəndɪŋ prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, wɪʧ wɑz riˈlist ˈɪntu ðə ˈsɪstəm læst wik. ənd ʃi ˈædɪd: "ðɛr ɪz stɪl taɪm fər ðə ˈpəblɪk tɪ pleɪ ðɛr pɑrt baɪ ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðeɪ hæv ðɛr flu ʤæb ənd baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ˈloʊkəl ˈfɑrməsiz ənd 111 ˈdɛrɪk ˈɔldərsən, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə rɔɪəl ˈkɑlɪʤ əv ˈsərʤənz, ˈwɛlkəmd ðə muv ɛz ɪt prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈklɛrɪti ˈoʊvər wət ʃʊd bi dən ɛz ˈprɛʃərz groʊ. bət hi sɛd ɪt wɑz stɪl ˈprɪti "ʃɔrt ˈnoʊtɪs" fər ðoʊz ˈpeɪʃənz hu feɪs ˈhævɪŋ ðɛr ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˈkænsəld. ənd hi ərʤd ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz tɪ ˈkænsər ˈtritmənt ənd ˈəðər plænd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ðət, ɪf ˈkænsəld, wʊd hɑrm ˈpeɪʃənz.
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hospitals across england have been told to cancel non-emergency operations in the new year to prepare for a post-christmas surge in patients.
the first weeks of january are often the busiest of the year with winter illnesses peaking, combined with the growing day-to-day demand in a&e.
so an emergency panel of nhs bosses is urging hospitals to cut back on their routine work, such as knee and hip ops.
they hope it will give hospitals some breathing space to cope.
publicly, no figure is being put on the number of operations that should be put off, although the bbc understands hospitals are working on the basis of doing 10% fewer.
that would mean in the region of 15,000 operations not taking place in the first two weeks of january.
the panel has suggested hospitals use the staff freed up by the move to set up "hot clinics" staffed by experts in conditions such as respiratory illness to take the pressure off a&e.
the directive is the first to be issued by the nhs national emergency pressures panel, a new group of senior doctors, nurses and managers set up to advise nhs england.
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panel chair prof sir bruce keogh said it would be sensible for hospitals to curtail the amount of planned work they are doing until at least mid january.
"nhs staff are working flat out to cope with seasonal pressures and ensure patients receive the best possible care.
"however, given the scale of the challenge, hospitals should be planning for a surge that comes in the new year by freeing up beds and staff where they can to care for our sickest patients."
he said this would reduce the need for last-minute cancellations which were unfair on patients.
it comes as figures released on thursday showed pressures had already started building.
the weekly bulletin from nhs england showed over 1,000 beds were closed because of the vomiting bug norovirus - nearly 10% of the hospital bed-stock - while ambulances were increasingly likely to find themselves delayed when they dropped off patients at a&e.
pauline philip, the nhs national director for emergency care, said it was a sensible move.
she also urged hospitals to make the most of the extra £350m winter funding provided by the government, which was released into the system last week.
and she added: "there is still time for the public to play their part by ensuring they have their flu jab and by using local pharmacies and nhs 111."
prof derek alderson, president of the royal college of surgeons, welcomed the move as it provided clarity over what should be done as pressures grow.
but he said it was still pretty "short notice" for those patients who face having their operations cancelled.
and he urged hospitals to prioritise cancer treatment and other planned operations that, if cancelled, would harm patients.
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baɪ ˈdeɪvɪd ˈmaɪkəl aɪ muvd tɪ sˈwidən tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ tɪ goʊ tɪ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul. aɪ ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd ðɪs pæst ʤun, ənd baɪ leɪt ˌʤuˈlaɪ, feɪld tɪ faɪnd ə ʤɑb ɪn ˈiðər sˈwidən ər ðə juz. əkˈwaɪərd sˈwidɪʃ ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp θru maɪ ˈməðər, ə sˈwidɪʃ ˈɪməgrənt tɪ ðə juz.) maɪ ˈgərlˌfrɛnd wɑz ˈwərkɪŋ æt ə ˈbeɪkəri ɔn ðə ˈaɪləndz ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˈnɔrˌweɪ, wɛr ʃi həz spɛnt hər læst tu ˈsəmərz wɪθ əˈbaʊt ˈfɪfˈtin əv hər frɛndz, ɔl sˈwidɪʃ ˈstudənts. baɪ ˈwərkɪŋ mənθs ɪn, ðeɪ kʊd əˈvɔɪd ˈwərkɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə skul jɪr ənd, mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, əˈvɔɪd ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈstudənt loʊnz. ʃi ˈɔfərd tɪ faɪnd mi ə ˈklinɪŋ ʤɑb, ˈtɛlɪŋ mi ɪf aɪ wərkt ɪn ˈnɔrˌweɪ, bɪˈkəm laɪk ə troll.”*.” ˈɔlˌweɪz θɔt ɪt wɑz ðə dwɔrfs ənd ˈgɑblɪnz ðət wər rɪʧ, bət aɪ əˈbaʊt tɪ kˈwɪbəl. ˈfeɪsɪŋ ðə ˌriˈæləˌti əv ˌəndərˈgræʤəwət ˈstudənt loʊnz ənd ðə əv ən m.a*. ɪn ðə juˈmænɪtiz, aɪ eɪt maɪ praɪd, pækt maɪ bægz, ənd ɪnˈdʊrd ðə treɪn raɪd əp tɪ. ˈdʊrɪŋ maɪ mənθ ɪn, aɪ klind swits æt ə ˈləgʒəri hoʊˈtɛl, ə ˈrəðər ˈgɛrɪʃ pleɪs huz ʃæg ˈkɑrpət rəgz, ˈbɑθˌrumz, ənd ˈpɔrtrəts əv ə ˈfɔrmər ɪmˈplɔɪi geɪv ðə rumz ə ˈveɪgli fil. ðə ɪkˈstɪriər əˈprɑksəˌmeɪtəd ðə əˈpɪrəns ənd ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər ðə hit əv ə ʤaɪənt ˈgrinˌhaʊs. aɪ wɔr ə smɑk, ˈkɛrid ˈklinər æt ɔl taɪmz, ənd bɪˈkeɪm ˈrɪli gʊd æt ˈmeɪkɪŋ bɛdz. səm ˈivnɪŋz, aɪ wɔkt əˈkrɔs taʊn tɪ wərk æt ðə əv ɪts tu ˈsɪstər hoʊˈtɛlz, ðə ˈloʊkəl bɛst ˈwɛstərn, wɪʧ ðə ˌskændɪˈneɪviənz prəˈnaʊnst veas-tern”*” ɪn ðɛr ˈæksɛnts waɪl kərˈɛktɪŋ maɪ əˈmɛrɪkən prəˌnənsiˈeɪʃən. ɪt ˌædvərˈtaɪzd ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz ɑrt hotel,”*,” ə ˌdɛzɪgˈneɪʃən ɪt hæd kənˈfərd əˈpɑn ˌɪtˈsɛlf baɪ ˈdɛkərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə hɔlz wɪθ mənʧ prɪnts. aɪ ˈweɪtɪd ɔn bəsˈloʊdz əv ˈtʊrɪsts frəm ˈʤərməni, sˈwɪtsərlənd, ənd ˈnɔrˌweɪ, ˈsərvɪŋ ðɛm weɪl stu ənd fɪʃ ˈkæsərˌoʊl. (dɪˈspaɪt ðə ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˈloʊkəl ˈfɪʃɪŋ ˈɪndəstri, ðə hoʊˈtɛl juzd ˈfroʊzən fɪʃ frəm ˈʧaɪnə.) fər maɪ ˈsərvɪsɪz, aɪ meɪd ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv 25 ən aʊər. ˈæftər 9 p.m*., 27 ɔn ˈsənˌdiz, ˈɔlˌmoʊst 29 ɛz ən əˈmɛrɪkən, ɪt ɪz bɪˈzɑr tɪ θɪŋk əv ˈmɑdərn sˈwidən, soʊ ˈɔfən ˈlɔdɪd ɛz ə ˈpɛrəˌgɑn əv ˈsoʊʃəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk stəˈbɪlɪti, ɛz ˈkɑfɪŋ əp ˈmaɪgrənt ˈwərkərz. ˈstreɪnʤər stɪl ɪz ðət ðə swidz ˈmaɪˌgreɪt tɪ ˈnɔrˌweɪ, wɪʧ həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ˈlɪtəl ˈbrəðər. ˈɔfən æt wɔr, sˈwidən fɔrst ˈnɔrˌweɪ ˈɪntu ən əˈnivən ˈjunjən fər moʊst əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri. ðoʊ ˈplɪtɪkli ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt əv sˈwidən fər ˈoʊvər wən ˈhənərd jɪrz, ˈnɔrˌweɪ həz rɪˈmeɪnd ˈkəlʧərəˌli səˈbɔrdəˌneɪt tɪ ɪts ˈlɑrʤər, ˈneɪbər. nɔrˈwiʤənz wɔʧ sˈwidɪʃ ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən, ˈlɪsən tɪ sˈwidɪʃ mˈjuzɪk, ənd rɛd sˈwidɪʃ bʊks. ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌnɔrˈwiʤən trænzˈleɪʃən əv stig ðə gərl hu kɪkt ðə nɛst wɑz riˈlist, ðə ərˈɪʤənəl sˈwidɪʃ ˈvərʒən wɑz ðə bʊk ɪn ˈnɔrˌweɪ. bət ɪn ðə læst 25 jɪrz, ˈnɔrˌweɪ həz ˈædɪd ˈwərkərz tɪ ðə lɪst əv θɪŋz ɪt ˌɪmˈpɔrts frəm sˈwidən. ɪn ðə ˈeɪtiz, ˈnɔrˌweɪ bɪˈkeɪm rɪʧ ɔf əv ɔɪl. ɪts ˈsɑvrən wɛlθ fənd ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈvæljud æt əˈbaʊt 600 ˈbɪljən ˈdɔlərz. frəm ˈævərɪʤ ˌnɔrˈwiʤən ˈfæməli sɔ ən ˌɪnˈkris əv ˈɔlˌmoʊst, ər əˈbaʊt wɪθ ɪts ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ˈoʊnli faɪv ˈmɪljən, ˈnɔrˌweɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ ˌɪmˈpɔrt ˈleɪbərərz ənd ˈsərvɪs ˈwərkərz fər ɪts ɪkˈsploʊdɪŋ ɪˈkɑnəmi. aɪ wəns hɪʧt ə raɪd frəm ə rɪˈtaɪrd ˈseɪlər, ənd ˈæftər ˈrənɪŋ aʊt əv weɪz tɪ ˈkɑmpləmɛnt hɪz rv*, aɪ æst ɪm haʊ ˈnɔrˌweɪ hæd ʧeɪnʤd ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz. hi θɔt ˈnɔrˌweɪ hæd ɪt tu gʊd naʊ. ɛz ə jəŋ mæn, bɪn æt si fər ˈoʊvər ə jɪr æt ə taɪm, wɛˈræz jəŋ ˈpipəl təˈdeɪ wɔnt tɪ wərk æt ɔl. gʊd ðət wi hæv ðə swedes.”*.” ˈkɑrənt ˈɛstəˌmeɪts əv ðə ˈnəmbər əv swidz ˈlɪvɪŋ ənd ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ˈnɔrˌweɪ ˈhəvər bɪtˈwin ənd ɪn ˈɑzloʊ əˈloʊn, θɔt ðət ðɛr ər swidz, wɪʧ ɪz əˈbaʊt 10 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. moʊst əv ðiz ər ˈsərvɪs ˈwərkərz. ˌɪnˈdid, ðə ˈwərkər həz bɪˈkəm ˈsəmθɪŋ əv ə ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪp ɪn ˈnɔrˌweɪ. ðə 2010 ræp hɪt ““partysvenske”*” ɪz ən ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈmɑkəri əv meɪl sˈwidɪʃ ˈmaɪgrənt ˈwərkərz, hu ər pɔrˈtreɪd ɛz ɛˈfit drəŋks hu ˌɪnˈveɪd ˈnaɪˌtlaɪf. æt wən pɔɪnt, ðə ˈræpərz ʧaɪd, ə mojito*, du wət ju du well.”*.” ðə ˌkɑndəˈsɛnʃən təˈwɔrdz sˈwidɪʃ ˈmaɪgrənt ˈwərkərz wɑz ˈprɛvələnt ɪˈnəf fər ˌnɔrˈwiʤən ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən tɪ ˈproʊdus ə ˈsɪriz ˈtaɪtəld swidz ər ˈpipəl. ə wɪrd paʊər daɪˈnæmɪk æt pleɪ, wɪθ boʊθ grups ɪgˈzɪbɪtɪŋ ə sɔrt əv ˈpæsɪv əˈgrɛsɪv ˈbɪtərnəs təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈəðər. fər ðɛr pɑrt, nɔrˈwiʤənz sim ˈigər tɪ bək sˈwidɪʃ ˈkəlʧərəl ˈɪnfluəns ənd əˈsərt ðɛr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈdɑmənəns. ˈspikɪŋ tɪ ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz ɪn 2007 ə prəˈfɛsər əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˌænθrəˈpɑləʤi æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈɑzloʊ pʊt ɪt ˈrəðər wɛl: aɪ wɑz jəŋ, swidz hæd ˈwaɪtər tiθ, ˈklɪrər skɪn, ˈæbə, ənd bjɔrn bɔrg. wi hæd lɑts əv fɪʃ, ənd nɑt məʧ mɔr. təˈdeɪ, swidz hæv bɪn kət daʊn tɪ saɪz. ənd aɪ wʊd seɪ ðət ˈmɛni nɔrˈwiʤənz ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə fækt ðət soʊ ˈmɛni swidz ər hir duɪŋ ˈminiəl jobs.”*.” wɪn ðə ˌnɔrˈwiʤən ˈkrɔˌskəntri skiər ˈpɛtər bit hɪz sˈwidɪʃ ˈraɪvəl əˈkrɔs ðə laɪn æt ðə 2011 wərld ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps, hi juzd ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ tɔnt sˈwidən əˈbaʊt ðə loʊ ˈvælju əv ðə sˈwidɪʃ ˈkərənsi. ðə sˈwidɪʃ ˈmidiə, ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ləˈmɛnts ðə fækt ðət swidz ər rɪˈdust tɪ ˈlɪtərəli ˈpilɪŋ bəˈnænəz ɪn ˈnɔrˌweɪ ɔlˈbiɪt fər əˈbaʊt 23 ən aʊər. ˈoʊvər ðə pæst tɛn jɪrz, ˈnɔrˌweɪ həz ˈteɪkən ɪn mɔr ˈfɔrən ˈleɪbər ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkəntri. waɪl ˈnɔrˌweɪ teɪks ɪn ˈplɛnti əv ˈleɪbərərz frəm ˈistərn ˈjʊrəp, swidz ər ˈiziər tɪ ɪmˈplɔɪ bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˌsɪməˈlɛrətiz ɪn ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ənd ˈkəlʧər. ðə əv sˈwidɪʃ ənd ˌnɔrˈwiʤən meɪks swidz ən əˈtræktɪv ˈɔpʃən fər ʤɑbz æt ˌkæˈfeɪz ənd bɑrz. toʊld ðət ˈmɛni ˌnɔrˈwiʤən ɪmˈplɔɪərz ˈæˌkʧuəli prɪˈfər tɪ haɪər swidz tɪ nɔrˈwiʤənz, seɪɪŋ swidz hæv ə ˈstrɔŋgər wərk ˈɛθɪk ənd kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ customer-service*. (ɪf tru, ɪt sɪz mɔr əˈbaʊt nɔrˈwiʤənz ðən swidz; aɪ spɛnt ðə ˈbɛtər pɑrt əv maɪ taɪm ɪn sˈwidən ˈfilɪŋ ɛz ðoʊ aɪ wɑz ˈbɑrˌtɛndərz ənd ˈsərvərz.) ˈfərðər, bɪˈkəz əv ən ərˈeɪnʤmənt bɪtˈwin ðə ˈnɔrdɪk ˈkəntriz, swidz nid ə wərk ˈpərˌmɪt ər ˈvizə tɪ steɪ ɪn ˈnɔrˌweɪ. ɪf ðɛr ər ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz fər nɔrˈwiʤənz tɪ haɪər swidz, ðə ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz ər ˈivɪn ˈgreɪtər fər ðə swidz. ˈnɔrˌweɪ həz haɪər ˈweɪʤɪz, ˈʃɔrtər ˈwərkˌwiks, ənd swidz ər ˈgrænɪd ə tæks breɪk fər ðɛr fərst tu jɪrz. ðə ˌnɔrˈwiʤən ˈkroʊnə ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ wərθ mɔr ðən ðə sˈwidɪʃ ˈkroʊnə. ɛz aɪ raɪt ðɪs, ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ reɪt ɪz 1 ˌnɔrˈwiʤən ˈkroʊnə tɪ sˈwidɪʃ ˈkroʊnə. ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr ɪt wɑz əˈbaʊt ənd ɪn 2009 ɪt wɑz æt swidz kən goʊ tɪ ˈnɔrˌweɪ fər ə fju mənθs, ər ˈivɪn ə fju jɪrz, lɪv ˈʧipli, ənd rɪˈtərn tɪ sˈwidən laɪk ˈvaɪkɪŋz rɪˈtərnɪŋ frəm ə ˈsizən əv ˈpɪlɪʤɪŋ. ˌɪnˈdid, bɪn ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət 90 əv swidz rɪˈtərn tɪ ðɛr ˈhoʊmˌlænd wɪˈθɪn faɪv jɪrz. ðə ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪp əv swidz ɪn ˈnɔrˌweɪ ɪz ðət ðeɪ lɪv ɪn ˈdərti ““collectives,”*,” ˈpækɪŋ ɛz ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ˈɪntu ə haʊs ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. wi dɪd ˈlɪtəl tɪ ˈmɪtəˌgeɪt ðɪs ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪp. waɪl səm əv ɑr frɛndz lɪvd ɪn ðə hoʊˈtɛl wɛr ðeɪ wərkt, wi lɪvd ɪn ˈʃæbi ˈsəmər ˈrɛntəl, naɪn əv ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ˈtoʊtəl, ðoʊ wɪn wi ˈhoʊstɪd frɛndz frəm sˈwidən, ðɛr wər ɛz ˈmɛni ɛz 15 ɪn ðə haʊs. ɪn, ðə ˈsərvɪs wərk ɪz kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ˈtʊˌrɪzəm. swidz ər ɪn dɪˈmænd ɛz ˈsizənəl ˈwərkərz fər ðə ˈsəmər. wi wərkt ɛz ˈklinərz, hoʊˈtɛl rɪˈsɛpʃən klərks, baristas*, ənd kʊks. wən ðə ˈʤərmən ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd əv wən əv ðə swidz wərkt ɛz ə fər ə ˈkəmpəˌni. ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ˈnɔrˌweɪ, swidz faɪnd ˈsəmər wərk ˈfɪlɪŋ ɪn fər veɪˈkeɪʃənɪŋ nɔrˈwiʤənz. ə sˈwidɪʃ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈstudənt aɪ noʊ wərkt ɛz ə sɔrt əv æt ə dɪˈmɛnʃiə wɔrd. ðə wərk kʊd bi ˈdɪfəkəlt, bət hi ˈɔfən wərkt naɪts, wɛr hi sæt æt ðə ˈnərsɪŋ ˈsteɪʃən ˈrɛdɪŋ bʊks ənd ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˈmuviz waɪl biɪŋ peɪd ˈoʊvərˌtaɪm reɪts əv ˈɔlˌmoʊst 52 ən aʊər. ˈɛvəri ˈmɔrnɪŋ, aɪ baɪkt ðə 30 ˈmɪnəts tɪ wərk, ðə ˈmaʊntənz ˈprɛsɪŋ ɔn mi frəm ðə lɛft, ðə si frəm ðə raɪt. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz wərk əˈloʊn, bət ˈʤɛnərəli bi ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ wən əv maɪ. ˈæftər ˈstɑpɪŋ baɪ ðə frənt dɛsk tɪ pɪk əp ə lɪst əv rumz tɪ bi klind, wi wɛnt daʊn tɪ ðə ˈbeɪsmənt tɪ dɑn ɑr greɪ ənd neɪm tægz. (ˈmɑrtɪn, maɪ, hæd meɪd hɪmˈsɛlf wən wɪʧ rɛd wayne,”*,” wɪʧ ˈprɑmptɪd wən ˈərnɪst ˌnɔrˈwiʤən tɪ æsk ɪf hi wɑz əˈmɛrɪkən.) wi riˈstɑkt wən kɑrt wɪθ ˈklinɪŋ səˈplaɪz ənd ðɛn juzd ə naɪf wɪʧ wi stɔrd ʃiðd ɪn ə ˈkɑpi əv ðə ˌɪnˈvɛnʃən əv ˈmərdər ðət ə gɛst hæd lɛft bɪˈhaɪnd tɪ kət ˈoʊpən bægz əv ʃits ənd taʊəlz, wɪʧ wi ðɛn paɪld haɪ ɔn ɑr ˈəðər kɑrt. ðɛn wi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈklinɪŋ ðə ˈveɪkeɪtəd rumz ɪn ə ˈfrɛnzi tɪ gɪt ðɛm ˈrɛdi baɪ ðə 3 p.m*. taɪm. ðə swits ðət hæd bɪn ˈveɪkeɪtəd wər ˈɔfən mɑrkt baɪ ə veɪg ˈloʊnlinəs, ðət kaɪnd ðət ˈsɛtəlz laɪk dəst ɪn ə haʊs ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈæftər ə grænd ˈpɑrti. ðə ˈɛmti ˈbɑtəl əv waɪn ənd tu ˈglæsɪz ˈsɪtɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈteɪbəl, ðə rɪˈmeɪnz əv ðə ʃrɪmp bɔt frəm ðə boʊt dɑkt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə hoʊˈtɛl, ə ˈkɔfi prɛs stɪl wɔrm frəm ˈbrɛkfəst iʧ rum wɑz laɪk ə stɪl laɪf ˈweɪtɪŋ tɪ bi ˈpeɪnɪd ər ə kraɪm sin ˈweɪtɪŋ tɪ bi ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə rumz wər ənˈjuzd, wɪʧ mɛnt ðə guest(s*) wɑz ˈtoʊtəli ˈdɛkədənt ər hæd gɔn hoʊm wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən ɛls. boʊθ ˈɔpʃənz wər ˈfɔrən tɪ ðə mɪdˈwɛstərn ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl ˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪtiz aɪ ˌɪnˈhɛrətɪd frəm maɪ ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd, ðoʊ aɪ wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈhæpi fər wən lɛs rum tɪ klin. mɔr ˈɔfən, ðoʊ, ðə rumz wər ˈskætərd wɪθ ðə dəˈbri əv tu məʧ fən. ɪn hoʊˈtɛlz, ˈpipəl bɪˈkəm laɪk ˌædəˈlɛsənts, boʊθ ɪn ðɛr ˈbreɪzən ənd ˈɛkˌsɛs ənd ɪn ðɛr əˈʃʊrəns ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ˈwɔrəntɪd ðət ˈsəmˌwən ɛls wʊd klin əp ˈæftər ðɛm. wən gɛst fɪld ə ˈbæθtəb fʊl əv ˈsiˌwid, wɪʧ maɪ ˈkɑlig ðɛn hæd tɪ klin əp. əˈnəðər gɛst hæd ðə ˈdisənsi, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈʧɛkɪŋ aʊt, tɪ wɔrn ðə seɪm ˈkɑlig ðət ˈsəmˌhaʊ kət hɪmˈsɛlf; ðə ʃits, ənd ðə taʊəlz wər ɔl ˈsplætərd ɪn bləd. ðə ˈmæntrə əv ɔn vacation,”*,” kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ səm ˈælkəˌhɑl, dɪz əˈweɪ wɪθ moʊst ˌɪnəˈbɪʃənz; peɪd fər it”*” ɪkˈskjuzɪz ə ˈplɛθərə əv sɪnz. ənd peɪd ðeɪ hæd. tɪ rɛnt ə rum æt ðɪs hoʊˈtɛl wʊd kɔst 1500 260 ðə ˈprɑbləm wɑz, ju maɪt ɛnd əp ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˈkɑmən ˈɛriə ənd ˌkɪʧəˈnɛt wɪθ ˈpipəl ju noʊ. tɪ rɛnt aʊt ðə hoʊl swit wɑz 2500 430 ˈprɑbəˌbli 70 əv ðə gɛsts wər nɔrˈwiʤənz. ðə rɛst wər ˈwɛlθi ˈtʊrɪsts frəm ðə ˈkɑntənənt ənd ðə ɔˈkeɪʒənəl əˈmɛrɪkənz. ə ˈveɪkeɪtəd rum wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ teɪk noʊ mɔr ðən 20 ˈmɪnəts fər ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈhaʊˌskipər. ə hoʊl swit, əˈbaʊt ən aʊər. ðə ˈbæθtəb fɪld wɪθ ˈsiˌwid tʊk ən aʊər tɪ klin. fɪld wɪθ ˈklinɪŋ spreɪ ənd rægz, wi dɪˈsɛndɪd əˈpɑn ðə rumz, ˈdəstɪŋ, ˈwaɪpɪŋ, ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ʃits, ənd ˈfoʊldɪŋ frɛʃ taʊəlz laɪk ˌɔriˈgɑˌmi. ɪf ðɛr wər ˈdərti ˈdɪʃɪz, wi dɪd ðoʊz. ðə ˈklinɪŋ spreɪ draɪd aʊt ɑr ˈsaɪnəsəz ənd geɪv ˈjuˈɛs ˈblədi ˈnoʊzɪz. ɪn ðə ˈbɑθˌrumz, ðɛr wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ə ˈstɛdi səˈplaɪ əv hɛr ɪn ˈbæθˌtəbz ənd ðə spərˈædɪk juzd ˈkɑndəm. wɪn ɪt keɪm taɪm tɪ foʊld ðə lus ɛnd əv ðə ˈtɔɪlət ˈpeɪpər ˈɪntu ə ˈtraɪˌæŋgəl əˈpɛrəntli ˈnəθɪŋ sɪz ˈləgʒəri laɪk ˈhævɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən əˈtɛnd tɪ ðə ɛsˈθɛtɪks əv jʊr ɪkˈspɪriəns aɪ hæd tɪ riˈmaɪnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf aɪ wɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ 25 ən aʊər. ɪf ðə hoʊl swit hæd bɪn ˈveɪkeɪtəd, wi wʊd bru səm ˈkɔfi ənd drɪŋk ɪt ɔn ðə ˈbælkəni, ə vju əv ðə ˈmaʊntənz ənd si soʊ səˈblaɪm ðət wi fərˈgɑt wi wər ˈwɛrɪŋ sˈwɛti stəft wɪθ ˈklinɪŋ spreɪ. mɔr ðən ðə ˈməni, ðiz vjuz ənd ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ goʊ ˈhaɪkɪŋ, sˈwɪmɪŋ, ənd ˈfɪʃɪŋ ˈæftər wərk ər wət meɪd ðə wərk ˈbɛrəbəl fər maɪ ənd mi. ˈæftər ˈklinɪŋ ðə ˈveɪkeɪtəd rumz, wi muvd ɔn tɪ ðə rumz ðət stɪl hæd gɛsts. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, ðə gɛsts wər ˈprɛzənt wɪn wi klind. ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ wər kaɪnd aɪ wəns rɪˈsivd əˈbaʊt ə 10 tɪp fər ˈfɪksɪŋ ə ˈkərtən ðɛr wɑz ˈsəmθɪŋ dɪˈminɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs. ɪf ðeɪ wər rud, ɪt bɪˈkeɪm ˈɔlˌmoʊst tu məʧ tɪ ˈhændəl. ˈæftər səm ˈæŋgri nɔrˈwiʤənz kəmˈpleɪnd əˈbaʊt wən əv maɪ ˈkɑligz ˈklinɪŋ peɪd tu məʧ fər ðɪs tɪ nɑt bi klind perfectly!”*!” aɪ hæd tɪ ðɛr swit ðɛn, ʤɪst tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðeɪ wər əˈpizd, wɑʃ ðɛr ˈdɪʃɪz waɪl ðeɪ sæt ɔn ðɛr ˈbælkəni sˈmoʊkɪŋ, priˈtɛndɪŋ aɪ dɪd nɑt ɪgˈzɪst. ɔn ðɛr ˈdaɪnɪŋ ˈteɪbəl, ðɛr wɑz ə bʊk ɔn haʊ tɪ faɪnd pis baɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪŋ wɪθ jʊr pɛts. ɪn ˈmoʊmənts laɪk ðiz, ɪt ˈkəmfərtɪŋ tɪ θɪŋk əv ðə ˈməni aɪ wɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ. ɪt wɑz ˈkəmfərtɪŋ tɪ noʊ ðət aɪ kənˈfaɪnd tɪ ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əv ˈsərvɪs wərk. waɪl maɪ sˈwidɪʃ ˈkɑnstəntli kəmˈpleɪnd əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənsi əv ˌnɔrˈwiʤən soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd haʊ ˈbækwərdz ðə ˈkəlʧər wɑz, aɪ faʊnd moʊst nɔrˈwiʤənz tɪ bi dɪˈlaɪtfəl ˈpipəl hu wər laid-back*, ˈivɪn ˈbəbəli, ɪn kəmˈpɛrəsən tɪ swidz. maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt əv ðɛm wɑz ðə kʊk aɪ wərkt wɪθ æt ðə bɛst ˈwɛstərn, ə dɪˈlaɪtfəl ˈloʊkəl ˈwʊmən əv ˈstæʧər hu hæd kʊkt ðɛr fər ˈoʊvər 20 jɪrz. wɪn ˈɛlən fud ɔn mi, ʃi wɑz ˈæskɪŋ mi əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpɑvərti ənd ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə ər ˈmeɪkɪŋ fən əv sˈwidən. wɪn ʃi faʊnd aʊt aɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli ə swid bət ən əˈmɛrɪkən, ʃi æst waɪ ˈlərnɪd sˈwidɪʃ ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˌnɔrˈwiʤən. ʃi ˈɔfən sərvd fər dɪˈzərt nɔrˈwiʤənz əˈpɛrəntli ləv ənd gɪt ˈoʊvər ðə fækt ðət moʊst swidz heɪt ðə stəf. rɔŋ wɪθ ðiz fools?”*?” ʃi æst mi. ju əˈmɛrɪkənz laɪk jell-o?”*?” kɪdz do,”*,” aɪ sɛd, ənd prəˈsidəd tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ʃɑts ɛz aɪz gru waɪd wɪθ ɪkˈsaɪtmənt. ʃi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ʃi wʊd meɪk ʃɑts fər ðə ˌpərsəˈnɛl ˈpɑrti fər ðə θri ˈsɪstər hoʊˈtɛlz, ən ɛnd əv ðə ˈsəmər frəm ðə ˈhəzbənd ənd waɪf ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp tim. wɪʧ ɪz haʊ aɪ faʊnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈhoʊldɪŋ ə ˈwɔtərˌmɛlən fɪld wɪθ grin ɪn frənt əv ə fʊl əv ˌskændɪˈneɪviənz, ðə swidz ˈpeɪnɪŋ ðɛr ˈfeɪsɪz ðə ˈkələr əv ðɛr timz ənd ðə nɔrˈwiʤənz ˈsɪŋɪŋ ðə ˌnɔrˈwiʤən hɪt, nɑt sɪk, ʤɪst swedish.”*.” wɪn wi əraɪvd æt ðə hoʊˈtɛl owners’*’ ˈkɑtɪʤ, ə ˈbjutəfəl ˈlɪtəl ˈsəmər hoʊm ɔn ðə si, wi wər mɛt baɪ ðə ˈoʊnərz drɛst ɛz ˈʤəʤɪz, dreɪpt ɪn blæk ʃits ənd ˈwɛrɪŋ blæk ˈpɪnɪŋ daʊn dəst mɑp hɛdz, ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft ʤuˈdɪʃəl wɪgz. (ðə wɑz ɛmˈbleɪzənd wɪθ ə ˈwʊmən ˈhoʊldɪŋ ə ˈʧeɪnˌsɔ ənd ðə tɛkst psycho.”*.”) ˌskændɪˈneɪviənz, ˈɔkwərd ənd ˌbjʊrəˈkrætɪk ˈpipəl, ləv ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd fən. ˈpɑrtiz hæv θimz, ənd ˈjuʒəwəli ðɛr ər geɪmz ər ˈtrɪviə. ˈivɪn ðə ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ɪz ˈɔrdərli: ˈoʊvərˈdən ˈspiʧɪz ˈfɑloʊd baɪ toʊsts ənd ˈleɪtər, ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ sɔŋz wɪθ ʃɑts əv ʃnæps. fər ðə ˌpərsəˈnɛl ˈpɑrti, wi hæd bɪn ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˈɪntu fɔr kəmˈpitɪŋ timz (rɛd, blu, grin, ˈjɛloʊ) ənd iʧ tim ˈgɪvɪn səm ˈməni tɪ priˈpɛr ə kɔrs (ˈæpəˌtaɪzər, fɪʃ, mit, dɪˈzərt). ðə reɪzd hɪz glæs ɪn ə toʊst tɪ ðə ɪmˈplɔɪiz fər ðɛr hɛlp, ðɛn reɪzd ɪt əˈgɛn tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðə hɛlp əv ðə swidz ənd tɪ toʊst ðɛr ˈkəntri. aʊt əv ðə ɪmˈplɔɪiz, ðɛr wər ˈoʊnli faɪv nɔrˈwiʤənz. spɛr ju ðə ˈditeɪlz əv ðə ˈdɪnər ɪkˈsɛpt tɪ seɪ ðə swidz groʊnd æt ðə saɪt əv ðə, bət ˈnɛvər wənz tɪ tərn daʊn fri ˈælkəˌhɑl, eɪt ɪt ˈɛniˌweɪ. ðə ˈʤəʤɪz geɪv ɪt ˈtɛrəbəl skɔrz. bət ɪt ˈmætər. wɪn ðə ˈʤəʤɪz əˈnaʊnst ðə ˈwɪnər, aɪ wɑz ɪn ðə ˈaʊˌthaʊs ənd ˈimərʤd tɪ faɪnd wən əv maɪ ˈtimˌmeɪts ˈhoʊldɪŋ aʊt ə ˈʧɔklət məˈdæljən. rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈkæbən, aɪ lʊkt əraʊnd æt ðə ˈdrəŋkən swidz ənd nɔrˈwiʤənz, ɑrmz əraʊnd iʧ ˈəðər, ˈsɪŋɪŋ iʧ ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ sɔŋz; ðeɪ hæd bɪˈkəm ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃəbəl, blərɪŋ ˈɪntu wən ˈnɔrdɪk mæs. bɪˈwɪldərd baɪ ðə ˌskændɪˈneɪviən ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti ənd ˌənəˈkəstəmd tɪ ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ɪn frənt əv ɪmˈplɔɪərz, aɪ wɔkt daʊn tɪ ðə biʧ tɪ sɪt baɪ ðə si. ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈtʊrɪsts wɑz dˈwɪndəlɪŋ, ənd ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ deɪz ðə ˈpipəl ɪn ɑr grup wʊd bɪˈgɪn tɪ ˈmaɪˌgreɪt bæk tɪ sˈwidən. ɪt wɑz ənd ðə dəsk wʊd sun bi ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ ˈdɑrknəs, ə ʧeɪnʤ wɪʧ maɪ ˈgərlˌfrɛnd wʊd ˈhɛrəld ɛz ðə rɪˈtərn əv ðə stɑrz, ðə ˈsɪgnəl ðət ɪt wɑz taɪm tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ sˈwidən. ɛz aɪ stɛrd aʊt æt ðə si, maɪ məˈdæljən stɪl ˈdæŋgəlɪŋ frəm maɪ nɛk, aɪ hərd ə ɔf tɪ maɪ raɪt. maɪ ˈkoʊˈwərkər ˈmɑrtɪn wayne”*” wɑz ˈpjuˌkɪŋ. ˈdeɪvɪd ˈmaɪkəl ɪz ðə ˈɛdɪtər əv wunderkammer*, ə ˈʤərnəl əv ˈkəlʧərəl ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm. hi lɪvz ɪn sˈwidən, wɛr hi rɛnts ə rum frəm səm dəˈmɪnəkən fraɪərz ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ fər bruɪŋ ənd ˈgɑrdənɪŋ ˈsərvɪsɪz səˈpɔrt ðə ˈbɪlˌfoʊld ðə ˈbɪlˌfoʊld kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ɪgˈzɪst θæŋks tɪ səˈpɔrt frəm ɑr ˈridərz. hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs kənˈtɪnju tɪ du ɑr wərk baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈmənθli plɛʤ ɔn ər ə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən θru paypal*.
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by david michael
i moved to sweden two years ago to go to graduate school. i graduated this past june, and by late july, i’d failed to find a job in either sweden or the u.s. (i’d acquired swedish citizenship through my mother, a swedish immigrant to the u.s.) my girlfriend was working at a bakery on the lofoten islands in northern norway, where she has spent her last two summers with about fifteen of her friends, all swedish students. by working two-and-a-half months in lofoten, they could avoid working during the school year and, more importantly, avoid taking student loans.
she offered to find me a cleaning job, telling me if i worked in norway, i’d become “rich like a troll.” i’d always thought it was the dwarfs and goblins that were rich, but i wasn’t about to quibble. facing the reality of undergraduate student loans and the nigh-on uselessness of an m.a. in the humanities, i ate my pride, packed my bags, and endured the 30-hour train ride up to lofoten.
during my month in lofoten, i cleaned suites at a luxury hotel, a rather garish place whose shag carpet rugs, glass-walled bathrooms, and semi-nude portraits of a former employee gave the rooms a vaguely porn-set feel. the exterior approximated the appearance — and the interior the heat — of a giant greenhouse. i wore a smock, carried toilet-bowl cleaner at all times, and became really good at making beds. some evenings, i walked across town to work at the shabbier of its two sister hotels, the local best western, which the scandinavians pronounced “best veas-tern” in their singsong accents while correcting my american pronunciation. it advertised itself as “an art hotel,” a designation it had conferred upon itself by decorating the halls with napkin-quality munch prints. i waited on busloads of tourists from germany, switzerland, and norway, serving them whale stew and over-priced fish casserole. (despite the enormous local fishing industry, the hotel used frozen fish from china.) for my services, i made the equivalent of $25 an hour. after 9 p.m., $27. on sundays, almost $29.
as an american, it is bizarre to think of modern sweden, so often lauded as a paragon of social and economic stability, as coughing up migrant workers. stranger still is that the swedes migrate to norway, which has always been regarded as sweden’s little brother. often at war, sweden forced norway into an uneven union for most of the 19th century. though politically independent of sweden for over one hundred years, norway has remained culturally subordinate to its larger, more-established neighbor. norwegians watch swedish television, listen to swedish music, and read swedish books. before the norwegian translation of stieg larsson’s the girl who kicked the hornet’s nest was released, the original swedish version was the best-selling book in norway. but in the last 25 years, norway has added workers to the list of things it imports from sweden.
in the eighties, norway became rich off of oil. its sovereign wealth fund is currently valued at about 600 billion dollars. from 1999–2009, average norwegian family saw an increase of almost 100,000 nok, or about $17,000. with its population of only five million, norway needed to import laborers and service workers for its exploding economy. i once hitched a ride from a retired sailor, and after running out of ways to compliment his rv, i asked him how norway had changed over the years. he thought norway had it too good now. as a young man, he’d been at sea for over a year at a time, whereas “the young people today don’t want to work at all. good that we have the swedes.”
current estimates of the number of swedes living and working in norway hover between 80,000 and 100,000. in oslo alone, thought that there are 50,000 swedes, which is about 10 percent of the city’s population. most of these are service workers. indeed, the swede-as-service worker has become something of a stereotype in norway. the 2010 rap hit “partysvenske” is an extended mockery of male swedish migrant workers, who are portrayed as effete drunks who invade oslo’s nightlife. at one point, the rappers — jaa9 & onklp — chide, “make a mojito, do what you do well.” the condescension towards swedish migrant workers was prevalent enough for norwegian television to produce a mocumentary series titled swedes are people. there’s a weird power dynamic at play, with both groups exhibiting a sort of passive aggressive bitterness towards the other. for their part, norwegians seem eager to buck swedish cultural influence and assert their economic dominance. speaking to the new york times in 2007, a professor of social anthropology at the university of oslo put it rather well:
“when i was young, swedes had whiter teeth, clearer skin, abba, and bjorn borg. we had lots of fish, and not much more. today, swedes have been cut down to size. and i would say that many norwegians enjoy the fact that so many swedes are here doing menial jobs.”
when the norwegian cross-country skier petter northug beat his swedish rival across the line at the 2011 world championships, he used opportunity to taunt sweden about the low value of the swedish currency. the swedish media, on the other hand, laments the fact that swedes are reduced to literally peeling bananas in norway — albeit for about $23 an hour.
over the past ten years, norway has taken in more foreign labor than any other european country. while norway takes in plenty of laborers from eastern europe, swedes are easier to employ because of the similarities in language and culture. the near-interchangeability of swedish and norwegian makes swedes an attractive option for jobs at cafes and bars. i’m told that many norwegian employers actually prefer to hire swedes to norwegians, saying swedes have a stronger work ethic and commitment to customer-service. (if that’s true, it says more about norwegians than swedes; i spent the better part of my time in sweden feeling as though i was inconveniencing bartenders and servers.) further, because of an arrangement between the nordic countries, swedes don’t need a work permit or visa to stay in norway.
if there are incentives for norwegians to hire swedes, the incentives are even greater for the swedes. norway has higher wages, shorter workweeks, and swedes are granted a tax break for their first two years. the norwegian krone is also worth more than the swedish krona. as i write this, the exchange rate is 1 norwegian krone to 1.16 swedish krona. earlier this year it was about 1.2, and in 2009 it was at 1.3. swedes can go to norway for a few months, or even a few years, live cheaply, and return to sweden like vikings returning from a season of pillaging. indeed, been estimated that 90% of swedes return to their homeland within five years.
the stereotype of swedes in norway is that they live in dirty “collectives,” packing as many people into a house as possible. we did little to mitigate this stereotype. while some of our friends lived in the hotel where they worked, we lived in shabby two-story summer rental, nine of us in total, though when we hosted friends from sweden, there were as many as 15 in the house. in lofoten, the service work is connected to tourism. swedes are in demand as seasonal workers for the summer. we worked as cleaners, hotel reception clerks, baristas, and cooks. one housemate — the german boyfriend of one of the swedes — worked as a tour-guide for a cruise-ship company. elsewhere in norway, swedes find summer work filling in for vacationing norwegians. a swedish medical student i know worked as a sort of cna at a dementia ward. the work could be difficult, but he often worked nights, where he sat at the nursing station reading books and watching movies while being paid overtime rates of almost 300nok ($52) an hour.
every morning, i biked the 30 minutes to work, the mountains pressing on me from the left, the sea from the right. sometimes i’d work alone, but generally i’d be working with one of my housemates. after stopping by the front desk to pick up a list of rooms to be cleaned, we went down to the basement to don our grey smocks and name tags. (martin, my housemate, had made himself one which read “bruce wayne,” which prompted one earnest norwegian to ask if he was american.) we restocked one cart with cleaning supplies and then used a chef’s knife — which we stored sheathed in a copy of the invention of murder that a guest had left behind — to cut open bags of sheets and towels, which we then piled high on our other cart. then we started cleaning the vacated rooms in a frenzy to get them ready by the 3 p.m. check-in time.
the suites that had been vacated were often marked by a vague loneliness, that kind that settles like dust in a house the morning after a grand party. the empty bottle of wine and two glasses sitting on the table, the remains of the shrimp bought from the boat docked outside the hotel, a coffee press still warm from breakfast — each room was like a still life waiting to be painted or a crime scene waiting to be investigated. sometimes the rooms were unused, which meant the guest(s) was totally decadent or had gone home with someone else. both options were foreign to the midwestern evangelical sensibilities i inherited from my childhood, though i was always happy for one less room to clean. more often, though, the rooms were scattered with the debris of too much fun. in hotels, people become like adolescents, both in their brazen self-absorption and excess and in their assurance — in this case, warranted — that someone else would clean up after them. one guest filled a bathtub full of seaweed, which my colleague then had to clean up. another guest had the decency, before checking out, to warn the same colleague that he’d somehow cut himself; the sheets, and the towels were all splattered in blood. the tourist’s mantra of “i’m on vacation,” combined with some alcohol, does away with most inhibitions; “i paid for it” excuses a plethora of sins. and paid they had. to rent a room at this hotel would cost 1500 nok ($260). the problem was, you might end up sharing common area and kitchenette with people you didn’t know. to rent out the whole suite was 2500 nok ($430). probably 70% of the guests were norwegians. the rest were wealthy tourists from the continent and the occasional americans.
a vacated room was supposed to take no more than 20 minutes for a single housekeeper. a whole suite, about an hour. the bathtub filled with seaweed took an hour to clean. smock-pockets filled with cleaning spray and rags, we descended upon the rooms, dusting, wiping, changing sheets, and folding fresh towels like origami. if there were dirty dishes, we did those. the cleaning spray dried out our sinuses and gave us bloody noses. in the bathrooms, there was always a steady supply of hair in bathtubs and the sporadic used condom. when it came time to fold the loose end of the toilet paper into a triangle — apparently nothing says luxury like having someone attend to the aesthetics of your ass-wiping experience — i had to remind myself i was making $25 an hour.
if the whole suite had been vacated, we would brew some coffee and drink it on the suite’s balcony, a view of the mountains and sea so sublime that we forgot we were wearing sweaty smocks stuffed with cleaning spray. more than the money, these views — and the ability to go hiking, swimming, and fishing after work — are what made the work bearable for my housemates and me.
after cleaning the vacated rooms, we moved on to the rooms that still had guests. sometimes, the guests were present when we cleaned. even if they were kind — i once received about a $10 tip for fixing a curtain — there was something demeaning about this. if they were rude, it became almost too much to handle. after some angry norwegians complained about one of my colleagues cleaning — “we paid too much for this to not be cleaned perfectly!” — i had to re-clean their suite then, just to make sure they were appeased, wash their dishes while they sat on their balcony smoking, pretending i did not exist. on their dining table, there was a book on how to find peace by communicating with your pets. in moments like these, it wasn’t comforting to think of the money i was making. it was comforting to know that i wasn’t confined to a lifetime of service work.
while my swedish housemates constantly complained about the inefficiency of norwegian society and how backwards the culture was, i found most norwegians to be delightful people who were laid-back, even bubbly, in comparison to swedes. my favorite of them was the cook i worked with at the best western, a delightful local woman of valkyrian stature who had cooked there for over 20 years. when ellen wasn’t foisting food on me, she was asking me about the poverty and inequality in america or making fun of sweden. when she found out i wasn’t actually a swede but an american, she asked why i’d learned swedish instead of norwegian. she often served jell-o for dessert — norwegians apparently love jell-o — and couldn’t get over the fact that most swedes hate the stuff. “what’s wrong with these fools?” she asked me. “do you americans like jell-o?”
“college kids do,” i said, and proceeded to explain the concept of jell-o shots as ellen’s eyes grew wide with excitement. she decided she would make jell-o shots for the personnel party for the three sister hotels, an end of the summer thank-you from the hotel’s husband and wife ownership team.
which is how i found myself holding a watermelon filled with green rum-infused jell-o in front of a shuttle-bus full of color-coordinated scandinavians, the swedes painting their faces the color of their teams and the norwegians singing the early-nineties norwegian hit, “i’m not sick, just swedish.” when we arrived at the hotel owners’ cottage, a beautiful little summer home on the sea, we were met by the owners dressed as judges, draped in black sheets and wearing black beanies pinning down dust mop heads, makeshift judicial wigs. (the husband’s beanie was emblazoned with a bikini-clad woman holding a chainsaw and the text “swedish psycho.”)
scandinavians, awkward and bureaucratic people, love organized fun. parties have themes, and usually there are games or trivia. even the drinking is orderly: overdone speeches followed by toasts and later, drinking songs with shots of schnapps. for the personnel party, we had been organized into four competing teams (red, blue, green, yellow) and each team given some money to prepare a course (appetizer, fish, meat, dessert). the husband-owner raised his glass in a toast to the employees for their help, then raised it again to acknowledge the help of the swedes and to toast their country. out of the 20-or-so employees, there were only five norwegians.
i’ll spare you the details of the dinner except to say the swedes groaned at the sight of the jell-o, but never ones to turn down free alcohol, ate it anyway. the judges gave it terrible scores. but it didn’t matter. when the judges announced the winner, i was in the outhouse and emerged to find one of my teammates holding out a gold-foiled chocolate medallion.
returning to the cabin, i looked around at the drunken swedes and norwegians, arms around each other, singing each country’s drinking songs; they had become indistinguishable, blurring into one nordic mass.
bewildered by the scandinavian solidarity and unaccustomed to drinking in front of employers, i walked down to the beach to sit by the sea. the number of tourists was dwindling, and in the coming days the people in our group would begin to migrate back to sweden. it was 11:30, and the dusk would soon be replaced by darkness, a change which my girlfriend would herald as the return of the stars, the signal that it was time to return to sweden. as i stared out at the sea, my medallion still dangling from my neck, i heard a retching off to my right. my co-worker martin — “bruce wayne” — was puking.
david michael is the editor of wunderkammer, a web-based journal of cultural criticism. he lives in sweden, where he rents a room from some dominican friars in exchange for brewing and gardening services
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weɪv ˈɪnʤən ˈtaɪgər ʃɑrk həz bɪn riˈlist təˈdeɪ. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈpəblɪʃt ə ˈvərʒən nɑt lɔŋ əˈgoʊ, wi hæv ˈædɪd ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðɪs nu ˈvərʒən laɪk ðə ˈpriˈfæb ˈsɪstəm, wɪʧ wi wɪl dɪˈskəs bɪˈloʊ. ˈpriˈfæb səˈpɔrt ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfiʧər ðət əˈlaʊz ju riˈjuzɪŋ ˈɛntɪtiz bɪtˈwin sinz ənd ˈprɑʤɛkts. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ju kən ˈkɑnvərt ˈɛni ˈɛntɪti ˈhaɪˌrɑrki (ənd ɪts ˈʧɪldrən) ɛz ə ˈpriˈfæb ˈizəli ənd ˌɪnˈstænʃiˌeɪt ɪt ɔn jʊr sinz. ə mɔr ˈpaʊərfəl ˈfiʧər ðən ˈduplɪˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈɛntɪtiz, bɪˈkəz ɪt əˈlaʊz ju ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ɔl ɪts ˈɛntɪti ˈɪnstənsɪz æt ðə seɪm taɪm ɛz ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɛntɪti. mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wən səˈpɔrt ˈteɪkɪŋ ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðə læst wən ˈəpˌdeɪt əˈlaʊz ju tɪ rən ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈwɪndoʊz ˈplætˌfɔrm (uwp*) geɪmz ənd æps. wi ˈædɪd wən əˈfɪʃəl səˈpɔrt ɔn, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wən kənˈtroʊlər, ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ɛz ə ˈstændərd geɪm pæd. ɪkˈstɛnʃən (ˈərli ˈprivˌju) nu ɑgˈmɛntəd ˌriˈæləˌti (ɑr) dɪˈvaɪs kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft, ðɪs dɪˈvaɪs prəˈvaɪdz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈfəŋkʃənz ðət əˈlaʊ ju kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri geɪm ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz. ˈædɪd ə nu ɪkˈstɛnʃən tɪ ɑr weɪv ˈɪnʤən ɪkˈstɛnʃən kəˈlɛkʃən soʊ ju kən stɑrt dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ jʊr nu weɪv ˈɪnʤən ɑr geɪm ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs ɪkˈstɛnʃən frəm təˈdeɪ. mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl səˈpɔrt ər ˈjusfəl tɪ kriˈeɪt lɪv ˈdɑkjəmənts wɪθ si# koʊd fər ɛkˈspɛrəˌmɛntɪŋ, ˈtiʧɪŋ, ˈtreɪnɪŋ ər ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ. ənd ˌɔlˈðoʊ wər ˈpəblɪʃt ɛz ən ˈərli ˈprivˌju, wi kənˈsɪdər ðət ɪt ɪz ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkt fər ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ɑr ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən, soʊ wi hæv ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ səˈpɔrt ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt frəm ɪts ˈərliəst ˈvərʒən. ju kən faɪnd ðɛm hir. dɪˈplɔɪ ˈænˌdrɔɪd geɪm frəm mæk ənˈtɪl naʊ, ju kʊd ˈoʊnli dɪˈplɔɪ jʊr ˈænˌdrɔɪd geɪmz frəm ˈwɪndoʊz (ˈjuzɪŋ visualstudio*). ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈædɪd səˈpɔrt tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ ˈænˌdrɔɪd geɪmz ˈɔlsoʊ frəm ˈjuzɪŋ ˈstudiˌoʊ. ðɪs nu ˈfiʧər həz bɪn ˈædɪd ˈæftər ˈrɛdɪŋ səm ˈkɑmɛnts ənd rɪkˈwɛsts frəm kəmˈjunɪti. soʊ wi ər ˈhæpi tɪ əˈnaʊns ðɪs nu ˈfiʧər.
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wave engine tiger shark (2.2.0) has been released today. although we’ve published a 2.1.x version not long ago, we have added important changes in this new waveengine version like the prefab system, which we will discuss below.
prefab support
this is a very important feature that allows you reusing entities between scenes and projects. in addition, you can convert any entity hierarchy (and its children) as a prefab easily and instantiate it on your scenes. a more powerful feature than duplicating entities, because it allows you editing all its entity instances at the same time as a single entity.
more information on this article
xbox one support
taking advantage of the last xbox one firmware update allows you to run universal windows platform (uwp) games and apps. we added xbox one official support on waveengine, including xbox one controller, integrated as a standard game pad.
hololens extension (early preview)
new augmented reality (ar) device created by microsoft, this device provides interesting functions that allow you creating revolutionary game experiences. we’ve added a new hololens extension to our wave engine extension collection so you can start developing your new wave engine ar game using this extension from today.
more information on this article
xamarin workbooks support
workbooks are useful to create live documents with c# code for experimenting, teaching, training or exploring. and although xamarin workbooks were published as an early preview, we consider that it is an interesting project for improving our documentation, so we have decided to support this project from its earliest version.
you can find them here.
deploy android game from mac osx
until now, you could only deploy your android games from windows (using visualstudio). however, we’ve added support to deploy android games also from macosx using xamarin studio. this new feature has been added after reading some comments and requests from waveengine community. so we are happy to announce this new feature.
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ˈdɑktərz ər dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ə ʃɑrp dɪˈklaɪn ɪn spərm kaʊnt fər ˈwɛstərn mɛn ðət ʃoʊz noʊ saɪn əv ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ɛz ə hɛlθ crisis.”*.” ˈrisərʧərz faʊnd mɛn ər sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli lɛs ˈfərtəl ðən ʤɪst 40 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ðeɪ 185 ˈpriviəs ˈstədiz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ əˈbaʊt mɛn ənd dɪˈskəvərd ðət bɪtˈwin 1973 ənd 2011 boʊθ spərm ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən ənd ˈoʊvərˌɔl spərm kaʊnt dɪˈklaɪnd mɔr ðən 50 pərˈsɛnt ɪn mɛn frəm nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə, ˈjʊrəp, ɔˈstreɪljə ənd nu ˈzilənd. ˈsinjər ˈrisərʧər swɔn sɛd, bi ʤəˈnɛtɪk, məʧ tu gɑt tɪ bi environmental.”*.” ˈkɛmɪkəl ɪkˈspoʊʒər dˈwɪndəlɪŋ spərm kaʊnts hæv bɪn lɪŋkt tɪ ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ səm ˈkɛmɪkəlz ɪn θɪŋz laɪk ˈplæstɪks ənd ˈnɪkəˌtin, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ðə wum. ˈdɑktərz seɪ ə ˈməðər hu smoʊks waɪl ˈprɛgnənt dɪz ˈgreɪtər ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ hər fˈjuʧər spərm kaʊnt ðən ɪf ðə sən smoʊks hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz ən ˈædəlt. ˈrisənt ˈstədiz ʃoʊ rɪˈdust spərm kaʊnt rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈkrist hɑrt dɪˈziz, ˈprɑˌsteɪt ˈkænsər ənd ˈərli dɛθ, ənd ɪf ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ɪz dɪsˈrəptɪŋ ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz, ɪt ɪz nɑt ʤɪst mɛn hu hæv tɪ ˈwəri. ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ʃʊd bi kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðɛr hɛlθ ənd ʃʊd ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪks: ə ˈhɛlθi daɪət, ˈɛksərˌsaɪz, noʊ sˈmoʊkɪŋ, ənd ˈgɪtɪŋ ə gʊd slip. ðiz ər smɔl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wɪʧ kʊd hæv ə bɪg ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ˌriprəˈdəktɪv hɛlθ, ənd ˈmeɪbi mɔr.
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doctors are describing a sharp decline in sperm count for western men that shows no sign of improving as a “major health crisis.”
researchers found men are significantly less fertile than just 40 years ago. they analysed 185 previous studies involving about 43,000 men and discovered that between 1973 and 2011, both sperm concentration and overall sperm count declined more than 50 percent in men from north america, europe, australia and new zealand.
senior researcher shanna swan said, “it can’t be genetic, it’s much too fast…so it’s got to be environmental.”
chemical exposure
dwindling sperm counts have been linked to exposure to some chemicals in things like plastics and nicotine, especially in the womb.
doctors say a mother who smokes while pregnant does greater damage to her son’s future sperm count than if the son smokes himself as an adult.
recent studies show reduced sperm count related to increased heart disease, prostate cancer and early death, and if something in the environment is disrupting hormones, it is not just men who have to worry.
everybody should be concerned about their health and should focus on the basics: a healthy diet, exercise, no smoking, and getting a good night’s sleep.
these are small changes which could have a big impact on reproductive health, and maybe more.
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aɪ ˈɔrdərd ðɪs bʊk ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪt ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə kwɪk fən rɛd. bɔɪ wɑz aɪ səˈpraɪzd wɪn dɪˈskəvərd ðət mæt, rəˈbɛkə, əˈmændə ənd raɪən wʊd riˈmaɪnd mi əv wət ə ˈfæməli ʃʊd bi əˈbaʊt. wɪn mæt əraɪvz æt rəˈbɛkəz dɔr tɪ ˈpərʧəs wən əv hər ˈprɛʃəs hi mits ðə ˈwʊmən ðət wɪl hil hɪz hɑrt, fɪl ɪt wɪθ ləv ənd ɪn tərn du ðə seɪm fər hər ɔl waɪl kənˈvɪnsɪŋ tu ˈhɛdˌstrɔŋ ˈtiˌneɪʤərz tɪ rɪˈspɛkt ɪm. dɪˈskəvərɪŋ ɔl ðə taɪm ənd wərk ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn dɔg ʃoʊz aɪ rɪˈspɛktɪd ənd ˌəndərˈstʊd ðə ˌdɛdəˈkeɪʃən ðət rəˈbɛkə həz fər ˈfæməli ənd dɔgz. aɪ ˈhaɪli ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈstɔri fər ˈɛniˌwən hu ləvz ər həz ˈfɑlən ɪn ləv wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən ər ɔlˈtərnətɪvli ləvz ə ˈkeɪˌnaɪn. ˈeɪmi jərˈɛtski gɪvz ju ðə ʧæns tɪ bi ə flaɪ ɔn ðə wɔl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈfæməliz ˈʤərni əv ˈkəmɪŋ təˈgɛðər ənd səˈlɪdəˌfaɪɪŋ ðɛr fˈjuʧər.
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i ordered this book thinking it is going to be a quick fun read. boy was i surprised when discovered that matt, rebecca, amanda and ryan would remind me of what a family should be about. when matt arrives at rebecca's door to purchase one of her precious chihuahuas he meets the woman that will heal his heart, fill it with love and in turn do the same for her all while convincing two headstrong teenagers to respect him. discovering all the time and work involved in dog shows i respected and understood the dedication that rebecca has for family and dogs.
i highly recommend this story for anyone who loves or has fallen in love with someone or alternatively loves a canine. amy jarecki gives you the chance to be a fly on the wall during this amazing family's journey of coming together and solidifying their future.
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ðɪs ɪz ðə tɔp 10 ˈblidɪŋ kul ˈbɛˈsɛlər lɪst, ɛz kəmˈpaɪld baɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkɑmɪk stɔrz frəm ðɛr seɪlz ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ənd ˈθərzˌdeɪ. ɪt ˈmɛʒərz wət ər noʊn ɛz ðə warriors”*”, ðoʊz hu weɪt tɪ ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd tɪ gɪt ðɪs ˈkɑmɪks. wi səˈlut ju, ənd ðə ju brɪŋ tɪ jʊr ˈpæʃən. ənd ˈbætˌmæn ðət teɪks ðə tɔp tu spɑts, ə brɛdθ bɪtˈwin ðɛm. ɪt kʊd hæv gɔn ˈiðər weɪ. ˈʤəstɪs lig ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ ə bust frəm ðə nu tim ənd ðə ˈwɔkɪŋ dɛd aʊtˈsɛlz ˈɛvəri ˈmɑrvəl ˈtaɪtəl ðɪs wik. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə lɔt mɔr ˈmɑrvəl ðən ˈjuʒəwəl ɪts weɪ ˈɪntu ðə loʊər hæf əv ðə tɔp tɛn, wɪθ ˈdɔktər streɪnʤ ˈdɛfənətli ˈaʊtpərˌfɔrmɪŋ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz. bət ə pur fərst ʃoʊɪŋ fər ˈvɛnəm inc…*… θæŋks tɪ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈriˌteɪlərz hu hæd ðɪs tɪ seɪ. ˈbætˌmæn stændz fərm æt ðə tɔp əv tɔp tɛn lɪst wɪθ ˈsɛvən əv ðə tɛn bʊks biɪŋ bat-centric*. ˈbætˌmæn: waɪt naɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli aʊtˈsoʊld ðə meɪn ˈbætˌmæn ˈtaɪtəl baɪ wən ˈɪʃu tɪ teɪk ðə 1 spɑt ɔn ɑr lɪst. ˈsupərˌmæn ˈmænɪʤd tɪ sɛl ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən boʊθ ənd ˈʤəstɪs lig. ðə ˌdiˈsi ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈspɛʃəl, ə 10 bʊk aʊtˈsoʊld ˈɛvəri ˈmɑrvəl bʊk ðɪs wik. ˈvɛnəm ɪŋk ənd dɑrθ ˈveɪdər wər ðə ˈoʊnli bʊks tɪ meɪk ðə tɔp tɛn. ˈbætˌmæn ˈænjuəl 2 wɪʧ wi hæd ðə ˈfɔrˌsaɪt tɪ riˈɔrdər ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt soʊld aʊt meɪd ðə 10 spɑt, ʤɪst aʊtˈsɛlɪŋ ðɪs wiks ˈwɔkɪŋ dɛd. ðə rɛst əv ðə tɔp tˈwɛnti ɪz ə si əv ˌdiˈsi wɪθ tu ˈɪmɪʤ bʊks ənd θri ˈmɑrvəl ˈtaɪtəlz traɪɪŋ ðɛr bɛst tɪ gɪt seɪlz bət ˈfɑlɪŋ ʃɔrt. ˈpipəl wɔnt kˈwɑləti ənd ɪf ðə pæst jɪr həz bɪn ˈɛni ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən, ðeɪ noʊ wɪʧ əv ðə bɪg 2 tɪ goʊ tɪ fər ɪt. əˈsaɪd frəm ˈvɛnəm ɪŋk ənd stɑr wɔrz, wɪʧ boʊθ wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz sɛl, ðə ˈoʊnli ˈəðər ˈmɑrvəl bʊk ɪn ðə tɔp tˈwɛnti wɑz ˈdɔktər streɪnʤ æt 16 laɪk tɪ si ðɪs bʊk sɛl ˈbɛtər ɛz ɪt həz ðə drɔ əv ðə nɛkst bɪg θɪŋ ɪn ˈdɑni keɪts. ˈhoʊpfəli si ɪt sɛl mɔr ˈgræʤuəli ˈoʊvər ðə wik wəns ðə wərd gɪts aʊt ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli wən əv ðə ˈbɛtər bʊks ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ˈmɑrvəl. ˈɔlsoʊ, ðə bɪg rɪˈvil æt ðə ɛnd ʃʊd gɪt ə list ə fju ˈpipəl ˈtɔkɪŋ. ɔn ðə ˈɪndi saɪd, ðə ˈoʊnli tu bɪg ˈsɛlərz wər ˈɪmɪʤ bʊks. ˈwɔkɪŋ dɛd əv kɔrs soʊld wɛl ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt wɑz aʊtˈsoʊld baɪ ðə ˈbætˌmæn ˈɪʃu əv ðə jɪr. ˈpeɪpər gərlz soʊld ʤɪst wən ˈɪʃu lɛs ðən ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪt æt 12 ˈivɪn splɪt fər bʊks, fɔr ənd fɔr. ˈwɔkɪŋ dɛd kəmz ɪn æt 3 aʊtˈsɛlɪŋ ɔl ˈmɑrvəl bʊks fər ðə wik. ˈpeɪpər gərlz ɪz 8 aʊtˈsɛlɪŋ boʊθ x-books*. ˈnəθɪŋ ˈrɪli əv noʊt fər ðə wik. ðə snoʊ stɑp ðɪs frəm biɪŋ ə bɪg wik dɪˈspaɪt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ kloʊz əp ˈərli ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈsɛlər wɑz ˈbætˌmæn waɪt naɪt 3 ənd ðə ˈhɑrli kwɪn ˈvɛriənt spəˈsɪfɪkli wɑz gɔn ðə fərst deɪ. səm ˈɑnərəbəl ˈmɛnʃənz əˈməŋ ðə wik ˌɪnˈkludɪd ənd aɪərn ˈmeɪdən wɪʧ hæv hæd strɔŋ ˈlɔnʧɪz ˈrisəntli. lɑts əv ˈpipəl hæv bɪn gɪft ˈʃɑpɪŋ ənd səm ˈrændəm ˈaɪtəmz hæv bɪn ˈsɛlɪŋ laɪk ə fʊl rən əv ˈbætˌmæn ɪˈtərnəl ənd trəmp ˈpɛrədiz hæv bɪn ˈpɑpjələr. ən ˈɛksələnt wik əv nu rɪˈlisɪz wɪθ lɑts əv kˈwɑləti bʊks ənd ˈmɑrvəl ˈhɪtɪŋ 4 əv ðə tɔp 10 ˈivɪn wɪθ ˈməltəpəl ˈbætˌmæn rɪˈlisɪz ðɪs wik. ˈɛvriˌwən lɛft ˈhæpi wɪθ ˈsəmθɪŋ gʊd ðɪs wik ˈɔlˌweɪz nis tɪ si! ˈbætˌmæn waɪt naɪt ɪz duɪŋ ˈkreɪzi wɛl. ðɪs ˈsɪriz ɪz ˈsupər rɛd hɑt. noʊ ˈmætər haʊ ˈmɛni ˌdiˈsi prɪnt ðeɪ ʤɪst kip ˈrənɪŋ aʊt. mɔr pliz. ˈmɑrvəl hæd ə gʊd wik wɪθ 4 ˈtaɪtəlz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə tɔp 10 ˈmeɪbi səm gʊd kən kəm aʊt əv ˈlɛgəsi. ˈpeɪpər gərlz keɪm ɪn æt 10 ðɪs wik. ɪts ðə fərst taɪm ə meɪd maɪ tɔp 10 ɪn ə ˈvɛri ˈvɛri lɔŋ taɪm. ˈhoʊpfəli gʊd nuz fər 2018 ˈmɑrvəl dɪd ə hoʊl lɔt ˈbɛtər ðən læst wik. boʊθ mɑrk ˈkæptən əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ˈdɑni cates’*’ ˈdɔktər streɪnʤ ər ˈpruvɪŋ tɪ bi ˈprɪti ˈdisənt drɔz. ðət biɪŋ sɛd, ˈpeɪpər gərlz wɑz, əv kɔrs, ɑr ˈnəmbər wən ðɪs wik. ɑr ˈkəstəmərz ər ˈprɪti məʧ 100 hir fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ pʊts aʊt, ənd ɪt ˈdɛfənətli hɛlps ðət ˈpeɪpər gərlz ɪz kənˈsɪstəntli greɪt. ləv ˈrɑkəts ˈmægəˌzin ˈɔlsoʊ meɪd ɑr ˈbɛˈsɛlər lɪst ðɪs wik, wɪʧ ɪz ˈɛkstrə greɪt bɪˈkəz ˈbeɪsɪkli ˈhæpi wɛˈnɛvər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ləv ˈrɑkəts kəmz aʊt. ðɪs wik wi hæv ðə fəˈmɪljər saɪt əv ˈbætˌmæn ˈfɪlɪŋ ɑr tɔp spɑts, wɪθ ˈbætˌmæn 36 ˈbætˌmæn waɪt naɪt 3 ənd ˈbætˌmæn 1 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɑr θərd bɛst ˈsɛlər wɑz ə ˈmɑrvəl ˈtaɪtəl, ðə ˈvɛnəm ɪŋk ˈælfə 1 ˈʤəstɪs lig 34 ənd ˈsupərˌmæn 36 fɪl aʊt ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə pæk, waɪl ðə əv ðə lɪst ˈfiʧərz ˈmɑrvəl ˈmeɪnˌsteɪz wɪθ 674 ˈkæptən əˈmɛrɪkə 696 ənd ˈspaɪdərmæn 235 ˈkəvərɪŋ ðə rɪr wi hæv ˈwɔkɪŋ dɛd 174 wɪʧ ˈfiʧərz ə ˈstɔri ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈkɑrənt steɪt əv ˈsɪriz negan*. oʊ, ənd ˈpərsənəli: ˈrɪli dɪg ðə nu ˌdiˈsi treɪd drɛs! ə ˈkəpəl ˈmɑrvəl snək ɪn, bət ˈoʊvərˌɔl ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl ɪkˈsaɪtmənt fər ˈmɑrvəl raɪt naʊ. ˈhoʊpfəli ðə stəf kən ˈproʊdus ˈɪntəˌrɛst ər wi ər ɪn fər ə lɔŋ jɪr ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ðɛm tɪ gɪt ðɪs ˈsɔrtɪd aʊt. riˈækʃən tɪ nu ˌdiˈsi ˈkɔrnər ˈbɑksɪz həz bɪn ˈpɑzətɪv. bət ˈoʊvərˌɔl ə ˈlæˌkləstər wik. ə greɪt wik fər ˌdiˈsi, bət nɑt soʊ məʧ fər wən ˈmɑrvəl ˈtaɪtəl (ˈspaɪdərmæn ˈvɛnəm ɪŋk. ˈælfə 1 meɪd ɪt ˈɪntu ɑr tɔp tɛn lɪst fər ðə wik. stɑr wɔrz ˈtaɪtəlz hæv drɑpt aʊt əv ðə tɔp tɛn, ˈlivɪŋ ˈmɑrvəl wɪθ noʊ strɔŋ ˈsɛlərz tɪ ˈɔfˌsɛt ðə ˌdiˈsi ˈtaɪtəlz.
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this is the top 10 bleeding cool bestseller list, as compiled by a number of comic stores from their sales on wednesday and thursday. it measures what are known as the “wednesday warriors”, those who can’t wait to the weekend to get this week’s comics. we salute you, and the keenness you bring to your passion.
and it’s batman that takes the top two spots, a hair’s breadth between them. it could have gone either way. justice league is getting a boost from the new team and the walking dead outsells every marvel title this week. however, a lot more marvel than usual ekes its way into the lower half of the top ten, with doctor strange definitely outperforming expectations. but a poor first showing for venom inc…
thanks to the following retailers
who had this to say.
batman stands firm at the top of fff top ten list with seven of the ten books being bat-centric. batman: white knight actually outsold the main batman title by one issue to take the #1 spot on our list. superman managed to sell a little more than both batman/tmnt and justice league. the dc holiday special, a $10 book outsold every marvel book this week. venom inc and darth vader were the only non-dc books to make the top ten. batman annual #2 which we had the foresight to reorder before it sold out made the #10 spot, just outselling this weeks walking dead. the rest of the top twenty is a sea of dc with two image books and three marvel titles trying their best to get sales but falling short. people want quality and if the past year has been any indication, they know which of the big 2 to go to for it.
aside from venom inc and star wars, which both will always sell, the only other marvel book in the top twenty was doctor strange at #16. i’d like to see this book sell better as it has the draw of the next big thing in donny cates. hopefully we’ll see it sell more gradually over the week once the word gets out that it’s actually one of the better books coming from marvel. also, the big reveal at the end should get a least a few people talking.
on the indie side, the only two big sellers were image books. walking dead of course sold well even if it was outsold by the batman issue of the year. paper girls sold just one issue less than wd putting it at #12.
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even split for bigtwo books, four and four. walking dead comes in at #3 outselling all marvel books for the week. paper girls is #8, outselling both x-books. nothing really of note for the week.
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the snow couldn’t stop this from being a big week despite having to close up early yesterday. the biggest seller was batman white knight #3 and the harley quinn variant specifically was gone the first day. some honorable mentions among the week included witchblade and iron maiden which have had strong launches recently. lots of people have been gift shopping and some random items have been selling like a full run of batman eternal 1-52, and trump parodies have been popular.
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an excellent week of new releases with lots of quality books and marvel hitting 4 of the top 10 even with multiple batman releases this week.
everyone left happy with something good this week – always nice to see!
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batman white knight is doing crazy well. this series is super red hot. no matter how many dc print they just keep running out. more please. marvel had a good week with 4 titles making the top 10. maybe some good can come out of legacy. paper girls came in at #10 this week. its the first time a non-dc/marvel made my top 10 in a very very long time. hopefully that’s good news for 2018.
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marvel did a whole lot better than last week. both mark waid’s captain america and donny cates’ doctor strange are proving to be pretty decent draws. that being said, paper girls was, of course, our number one this week. our customers are pretty much 100% here for anything bkv puts out, and it definitely helps that paper girls is consistently great. love & rockets magazine also made our bestseller list this week, which is extra great because we’re basically happy whenever anything love & rockets comes out.
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this week we have the familiar sight of batman filling our top spots, with batman #36, batman white knight #3, and batman tmnt ii #1. however, our third best seller was a marvel title, the one-shot venom inc alpha #1.
justice league #34 and superman #36 fill out the middle of the pack, while the low-end of the list features marvel mainstays with avengers #674, captain america #696, and spider-man #235. covering the rear we have walking dead #174, which features a story focusing on the current state of series ur-villain negan.
oh, and personally: really dig the new dc trade dress!
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a couple marvel snuck in, but overall there is little excitement for marvel right now. hopefully the phoenix/infinity stuff can produce interest or we are in for a long year waiting for them to get this sorted out.
reaction to new dc corner boxes has been positive.
but overall a lackluster week.
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a great week for dc, but not so much for marvel–only one marvel title (spider-man venom inc. alpha #1) made it into our top ten list for the week. star wars titles have dropped out of the top ten, leaving marvel with no strong sellers to offset the top-tier dc titles.
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meme-based* gɪts ˈsɪriəs ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2 2014 baɪ: ˈmaɪkəl ˈfɑstər faʊnˈdeɪʃən riˈvæmps; eɪmz tɪ stɑp ðə ˈivɪn ə jɪr oʊld, bət ɔˈrɛdi faʊnˈdeɪʃən ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪts ˈsɛkənd ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən. ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld faʊnˈdeɪʃən həz ˈpəblɪkli əˈnaʊnst ɪts ˈmɪʃən fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ðə juz əv θru ˈgʊdˈwɪl, pərˈmoʊʃənəl, ənd ˈʧɛrətəbəl ɪnˈdɛvərz. ɪt wərks tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə kənˈtɪnjud ˈprɑspərɪŋ əv ðə ˈwərldˈwaɪd kəmˈjunɪti ənd tɪ ɪmˈpaʊər ˈpipəl əraʊnd ðə gloʊb baɪ ˈsprɛdɪŋ ə ˈspɪrɪt əv ˌkɑmərˈɑdəri ənd ˈpleɪfəl discovery.”*.” rɪˈvərsɪŋ bæd trɛnz dɪˈspaɪt groʊɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti, hæv hæd ə ˈhɔrəbəl 2014 ˈæftər ˈɛmˈti. əˈnaʊnst ɪt hæd bɪn hækt ənd ðət ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz əv hæd ˈvænɪʃt, ðət ˈvælju ˈpləmətɪd. waɪl əˈsɛndəd frəm ɪts səˈtɪrɪkəl ruts tɪ səm ˈmɑrʤənəl pəˈblɪsɪti θæŋks tɪ prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ðə ʤəˈmeɪkən ˈbɑbsˌlɛd tim æt ðə ˈsoʊʧi ˈwɪntər oʊˈlɪmpɪks ənd prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ʤɑʃ waɪz, ə ˈnæˌskɑr ˈdraɪvər, ðə ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti ənd ɪts ˈkəlʧər wər ˈsədənli θˈrɛtənd baɪ tu dɪˈvɛləpmənts. fərst, ˈɪnˌfaɪtɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk fər saʊərd ˈmɛni tɪ ðə ˈkərənsi. ðɛn, ðə dɪˈpɑrʧər əv ðə ˈfaʊndər ˈsɪgnəld ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈmuvmənt fər ˈmɛni. faʊnˈdeɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈrɛskju ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðə ˈkərənsi ənd ækˈtɪvɪti əraʊnd ɪt drɑpt, ɛz dɪd ðə ˈvælju. faʊnˈdeɪʃən wɪθ nu bɔrd ˈmɛmbərz, plænz tɪ klin ðə sleɪt ðət həz bɪn ˈsəlid baɪ ðə ˈrisənt ˈɪnˌfaɪtɪŋ, ˌɔlˈðoʊ skænt ˈditeɪlz hæv kəm aʊt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈstrætəʤi tɪ kwɛl ðə ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi, ər haʊ ðeɪ wɪl kip ðə ˈkərənsi frəm kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ɪts dɪˈklaɪn. ðə ˈkərənsi həz hævd ɪn ˈvælju frəm ɪts pik ˈmɑrkɪt kæp əv 50 ˈmɪljən.
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meme-based cryptocurrency dogecoin gets serious
july 2, 2014 by: michael foster
dogecoin foundation revamps; aims to stop cryptocurrency’s free-fall
the cryptocurrency isn’t even a year old, but already dogecoin foundation is getting its second iteration. the so-called dogecoin foundation 2.0 has publicly announced its mission “to facilitate the use of dogecoin through goodwill, promotional, and charitable endeavors. it works to ensure the continued prospering of the worldwide dogecoin community and to empower people around the globe by spreading a spirit of camaraderie and playful discovery.”
reversing bad trends
despite growing popularity, cryptocurrencies have had a horrible 2014. after mt. gox announced it had been hacked and that millions of dollars of bitcoins had vanished, that currency’s value plummeted.
while dogecoin ascended from its half-serious satirical roots to some marginal publicity thanks to promoting the jamaican bobsled team at the sochi winter olympics and promoting josh wise, a nascar driver, the currency’s popularity and its community’s culture were suddenly threatened by two developments. first, infighting over the trademark for dogecoin soured many to the currency. then, the departure of the cryptocurrency’s founder signaled the end of the movement for many.
foundation to the rescue
interest in the currency and activity around it dropped, as did the dogecoin’s value. dogecoin foundation 2.0, with new board members, plans to clean the slate that has been sullied by the recent infighting, although scant details have come out about the foundation’s strategy to quell the trademark controversy, or how they will keep the currency from continuing its decline. the currency has halved in value from its peak market cap of $50 million.
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ˈtæmpə fər tɔp ˈjæŋkiz ˈhɪtɪŋ ˈprɑspɛkt ˈɛrən ʤəʤ, ðə ˈmɪrəkəl ɔˈrɛdi həz ˈhæpənd. noʊ ˈmætər wət ˈbeɪsˈbɔl həz ɪn stɔr fər ðə ˈmæsɪv ʤəʤ, hu ɪz ʤɪst 22 greɪs həz təʧt hɪz laɪf. ʤəʤ noʊz ðət, ənd soʊ du hɪz ˈpɛrənts, ˈpæti ənd weɪn ʤəʤ, tu ˈrisəntli rɪˈtaɪrd ˈtiʧərz frəm ˈlɪndən, ˈkælɪf. wɔk θru ðə ˈjæŋkiz ˈkləˌbhaʊs ənd ju wɪl ˈnoʊtɪs ʤəʤ kˈwɪkli həz meɪd ən ˌɪmˈpækt nɑt ˈoʊnli wɪθ hɪz əˈbɪləˌti ənd hɪz ˈdɪsəplənd jɛt ˈpaʊərfəl əˈproʊʧ tɪ ˈhɪtɪŋ, bət wɪθ ðə weɪ hi ˈkɛriz hɪmˈsɛlf. hɔl əv ˈfeɪmər ˈrɛʤi ˈʤæksən, ə mæn hu noʊz ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə gɪft əv biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ lɔnʧ ə ˈbeɪsˈbɔl, sɛd ðɪs əˈbaʊt ʤəʤ: gɑt paʊər laɪk [ˈwɪli] stargell*. gɑt ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ pleɪt ˈdɪsəplən. nis tɪ si ɪm æt hoʊm pleɪt wɪθ ə count.’’*.’’ ʤəʤ, 275 paʊnz, ɪz ˈtɪkətɪd fər ˈtrɛntən tɪ stɑrt ðə jɪr. wɛˈnɛvər ðə ˈaʊtˌfildər gɪts tɪ ðə brɑŋks, ju kən bi ʃʊr hɪz ˈpɛrənts wɪl bi ðɛr tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə ˈmoʊmənt. ˈpæti rɪˈtaɪrd tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ. weɪn rɪˈtaɪrd ðɪs jɪr. boʊθ wər ˈfɪzɪkəl ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈtiʧərz. ˈpɛrənts ər əˈmeɪzɪŋ, tɔt mi soʊ ˈmɛni lessons,’’*,’’ ˈɛrən sɛd. ˈɑnəstli θæŋk ðɛm ɪˈnəf fər wət dən fər me.’’*.’’ bɪn fən siɪŋ ˈɛrən pleɪ. traɪd tɪ meɪk ɪt tɪ ðə fərst əv ðɪs ər ðə fərst əv that,’’*,’’ ˈpæti sɛd ˈtuzˌdeɪ. həz ə ˈprɪti gʊd ˈkəmpəs. æt ə jəŋ eɪʤ, hi nu ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin raɪt ər wrong.’’*.’’ hɪz ˈpɛrənts sɔ hɪz fərst ˈjæŋkiz spərɪŋ ˈtreɪnɪŋ hoʊm rən əˈgɛnst ðə ˈfɪliz. blessed,’’*,’’ ˈɛrən ˈpraʊdli sɛd əv ðə bɑnd bɪtˈwin ˈpɛrənts ənd sən. ðət bɑnd həz bɪn ðɛr sɪns ðə fərst taɪm ˈpæti ənd weɪn hɛld ˈɛrən ɪn ðɛr ɑrmz. ðət ˈhæpənd ɔn ðə ˈsɛkənd deɪ əv hɪz laɪf. wɪn ˈpæti ənd weɪn əˈdɑptəd ˈɛrən. fil ðeɪ kaɪnd əv pɪkt me,’’*,’’ ˈɛrən toʊld ðə poʊst ɪn ə kwaɪət ˈkɔrnər əv ðə ˈjæŋkiz ˈkləˌbhaʊs. fil ðət gɑd wɑz ðə wən ðət mæʧt ˈjuˈɛs together.’’*.’’ mɔr blɛst ðən hi is,’’*,’’ ˈpæti sɛd. əv ɑr ˈʧɪldrən ər əˈdɑptəd. ˈɛrən həz ən ˈoʊldər ˈbrəðər, ʤɑn, 29 hu ɪz ˈtiʧɪŋ ˈɪŋlɪʃ ɪn ˌkɔˈriə, ənd ril praʊd əv ɪm, tu. ˈrɪli, ɪt wɑz ɔl mɛnt tɪ be.’’*.’’ ðɪs ɪz ə ˈfæməli səkˈsɛs ˈstɔri. rɪˈmɛmbərɪŋ bæk tɪ ðət fərst deɪ, weɪn θɔt, ʤɪst ə miracle.’’*.’’ ɪkˈspleɪnd ˈɛrən: wɑz əˈbaʊt 10 ər 11 ənd wi ˈrɪli lʊk əˈlaɪk, soʊ aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈæskɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz ənd ðeɪ toʊld mi aɪ wɑz əˈdɑptəd ənd ˈænsərd ɔl maɪ kˈwɛsʧənz, ənd ðət wɑz ðət. aɪ wɑz faɪn wɪθ ɪt. ɪt ˈrɪli ˈbɑðər mi bɪˈkəz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpɛrənts known.’’*.’’ ˈɛrən ˈnɛvər həz hæd ˈɛni ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ hɪz ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpɛrənts. haʊ bɪg wɑz ˈɛrən ɛz ə ˈbeɪbi? kaɪnd əv ʤoʊkt ðət hi lʊkt laɪk ðə ˈmɪʃələn taɪər baby,’’*,’’ hɪz ˈfɑðər sɛd. lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə 4 ˈaʊnsɪz əv ˈfɔrmjələ wɑz ʤɪst ðə ˈæpəˌtaɪzər ənd ɪt hæd tɪ bi ðə ˈfɔrmjələ wɪθ ðə ˈoʊtˌmil tɪ ˈpæsəˌfaɪ him.’’*.’’ ˈɛrən pleɪ ˈfʊtˌbɔl hɪz ˈfrɛʃmən jɪr bɪˈkəz hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˌækəˈdɛmɪks. wɪn ˈɛrən, ə stɑr, ˈstɑrtɪd pleɪɪŋ ˈfʊtˌbɔl, hi ɪkˈsɛld ɛz ə waɪd rɪˈsivər ənd dɪˈfɛnsɪv ɛnd. skulz laɪk ˈstænfərd, ucla*, ˈnoʊtər deɪm ˈwɔntɪd ɪm. aɪ ʤɪst hæd maɪ hɑrt sɛt ɔn baseball,’’*,’’ ʤəʤ sɛd. hɪz dæd toʊld ɪm əˈbaʊt ˈfɔrmər ˈjæŋki deɪv ˈwɪnˌfild, ə hɔl əv ˈfeɪmər hu wɑz ˈdræftɪd ɪn ɔl θri spɔrts, ənd ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt əˈbaʊt ˈʧuzɪŋ ˈbeɪsˈbɔl bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz ˈiziər ɔn hɪz ˈbɑdi. ˈbeɪsˈbɔl wən. ʤəʤ stɑrd æt ˈfrɛznoʊ steɪt, wɛr boʊθ hɪz ˈpɛrənts wɛnt tɪ ˈkɑlɪʤ, ənd wɑz ˈdræftɪd ˈoʊvərˌɔl baɪ ðə ˈjæŋkiz ɪn 2013 æt tu stɑps læst jɪr æt class-a*, ʤəʤ hɪt 308 wɪθ 17 hoʊm rənz, 24 ˈdəbəlz, fɔr ˈtrɪpəlz, 78 ənd ə 905 ɑps. ə ˈsupər package,”*,” sɛd ˈdeɪmən ˈɑpənˌhaɪmər, ðə ˈjæŋkiz vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈskaʊtɪŋ. ˈtæləntɪd ənd respectful.’’*.’’ bɪˈkəz əv saɪz, ðɛr hæv bɪn səm kəmˈpɛrəsənz tɪ ˌʤiæŋˈkɑˌrloʊ ˈstæntən. hæv sɛd, ‘‘oh*, ðə nɛkst stanton,’*,’ bət ʤɪst traɪɪŋ tɪ bi ðə bɛst ʤəʤ aɪ kən bi ˈɛvəri day,’’*,’’ ˈɛrən sɛd. ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn əˈbaʊt ðə tim ˈæˌspɛkt əv ˈbeɪsˈbɔl, pæs ðə ˈbæˌtɑn ənd kip ɪt rolling.’’*.’’ ˈnoʊtɪd hɪz ˈfɑðər, dɪˈskraɪb haʊ praʊd əv ɪm wi ər. ɪf ɪt ˈhæpənz tɪ ɛnd təˈmɑˌroʊ, ðə taɪp əv kɪd hu wɪl seɪ, wɑz mɛnt tɪ be’*’ ənd muv on.’’*.’’ ˈlərnɪŋ ə lot,’’*,’’ ʤəʤ sɛd əv hɪz fərst ˈjæŋkiz kæmp. ʤɪst ˈgɪtɪŋ ə ˈlɪtəl teɪst əv ɪt ənd aɪ wɔnt mɔr. hæv soʊ məʧ jəŋ ˈtælənt ˈkəmɪŋ ənd ˈɛvriˌbɑdi hir, ðə ˈvɛtərənz, laɪk ˈæləks rɑˈdrigɛz, mɑrk təkˈsɛrə, ˈkɑrloʊs ˈbɛltrən ənd krɪs jəŋ, hæv bɪn soʊ ˈhɛlpfəl. laɪk wən bɪg family.’’*.’’ hɪz ˈjæŋkiz ˈfæməli. bɪg ˈɛrən ʤəʤ ɪz æt hoʊm ɪn ˈpɪnˌstraɪps.
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tampa — for top yankees hitting prospect aaron judge, the miracle already has happened.
no matter what baseball has in store for the massive judge, who is just 22, grace has touched his life.
judge knows that, and so do his parents, patty and wayne judge, two recently retired teachers from linden, calif.
walk through the yankees clubhouse and you will notice judge quickly has made an impact — not only with his ability and his disciplined yet powerful approach to hitting, but with the way he carries himself.
hall of famer reggie jackson, a man who knows something about the gift of being able to launch a baseball, said this about judge: “he’s got power like [willie] stargell. he’s got outstanding plate discipline. it’s nice to see him at home plate with a 3-1 count.’’
judge, 6-foot-7, 275 pounds, is ticketed for double-a trenton to start the year. whenever the outfielder gets to the bronx, you can be sure his parents will be there to enjoy the moment. patty retired two years ago. wayne retired this year. both were physical education teachers.
“my parents are amazing, they’ve taught me so many lessons,’’ aaron said. “i honestly can’t thank them enough for what they’ve done for me.’’
“it’s been off-the-charts fun seeing aaron play. we’ve tried to make it to the first of this or the first of that,’’ patty said tuesday. “aaron has a pretty good compass. at a young age, he knew the difference between right or wrong.’’
his parents saw his first yankees spring training home run against the phillies.
“i’m blessed,’’ aaron proudly said of the bond between parents and son. that bond has been there since the first time patty and wayne held aaron in their arms. that happened on the second day of his life.
that’s when patty and wayne adopted aaron.
“i feel they kind of picked me,’’ aaron told the post in a quiet corner of the yankees clubhouse. “i feel that god was the one that matched us together.’’
“we’re more blessed than he is,’’ patty said. “both of our children are adopted. aaron has an older brother, john, 29, who is teaching english in korea, and we’re real proud of him, too. really, it was all meant to be.’’
this is a family success story.
remembering back to that first day, wayne thought, “it’s just a miracle.’’
explained aaron: “i was about 10 or 11 and we really didn’t look alike, so i started asking questions and they told me i was adopted and answered all my questions, and that was that. i was fine with it. it really didn’t bother me because that’s the only parents i’ve known.’’
aaron never has had any contact with his biological parents.
how big was aaron as a baby?
“we kind of joked that he looked like the michelin tire baby,’’ his father said. “it wasn’t long before the 4 ounces of formula was just the appetizer and it had to be the formula with the oatmeal to pacify him.’’
aaron didn’t play football his freshman year because he wanted to focus on academics. when aaron, a three-sport star, started playing football, he excelled as a wide receiver and defensive end. schools like stanford, ucla, notre dame wanted him.
“but i just had my heart set on baseball,’’ judge said.
his dad told him about former yankee dave winfield, a 6-foot-6 hall of famer who was drafted in all three sports, and pointed to winfield’s comment about choosing baseball because it was easier on his body.
baseball won.
judge starred at fresno state, where both his parents went to college, and was drafted 32nd overall by the yankees in 2013. at two stops last year at class-a, judge hit .308 with 17 home runs, 24 doubles, four triples, 78 rbis and a .905 ops.
”it’s a super package,” said damon oppenheimer, the yankees vice president of scouting. “he’s talented and respectful.’’
because of judge’s size, there have been some comparisons to miami’s giancarlo stanton.
“people have said, ‘oh, the next stanton,’ but i’m just trying to be the best judge i can be every day,’’ aaron said. “i’ve always been about the team aspect of baseball, pass the baton and keep it rolling.’’
noted his father, “words can’t describe how proud of him we are. if it happens to end tomorrow, he’s the type of kid who will say, ‘it was meant to be’ and move on.’’
“i’m learning a lot,’’ judge said of his first yankees camp. “i’m just getting a little taste of it and i want more.
“we have so much young talent coming and everybody here, the veterans, like alex rodriguez, mark teixeira, carlos beltran and chris young, have been so helpful. it’s like one big family.’’
his yankees family. big aaron judge is at home in pinstripes.
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frɛnʧ ˈməðər ərˈɛstɪd ˈæftər hər θri ˈʧɪldrən ər faʊnd wɪθ θroʊts slɪt æt ðɛr hoʊm ˈdɔktər ˈfɑðər rəʃt ˈskrimɪŋ frəm ðə haʊs ˈæftər grɪm ˌdɪˈskəvri pəˈlis hoʊld ˈrənəˌweɪ waɪf ɪn ˈpɛrɪs; ˈkəpəl wər ˈhævɪŋ ˈmærətəl ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ðə ˈrənəˌweɪ frɛnʧ ˈməðər əv θri ˈʧɪldrən faʊnd dɛd æt ðɛr hoʊm wɪθ ðɛr θroʊts slɪt həz bɪn ərˈɛstɪd baɪ pəˈlis. ʃi wɑz hɛld ɪn ˈpɛrɪs ˈæftər ə pəˈlis hənt wɑz lɔnʧt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri əv ðə ˈsɪblɪŋz ˈeɪʤɪd naɪn, 11 ənd 17 ðɛr ˈfɑðər, hu ɪz ə ˈdɔktər, reɪzd ðə əˈlɑrm wɪn hi rɪˈtərnd hoʊm ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ frəm wərk, pəˈlis ənd ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈsɔrsəz sɛd. grɪm: ðə ˈbɑdi əv wən əv ðə stæbd ˈʧɪldrən ɪz riˈmuvd frəm ðə haʊs ɪn ðə səˈbərbən taʊn əv, 19 maɪəlz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈpɛrɪs haʊs əv dɛθ: ðə hoʊm wɛr ðə θri ˈʧɪldrən wər stæbd. tu əv ðɛm wər dɛd æt ðə sin waɪl ðə ˈɛldəst, ˈeɪʤɪd 17 daɪd ˈleɪtər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən: ə ˌfɔˈrɛnsɪk ˈɔfɪsər livz ðə sin ɪn ðə taʊn əv ˈæftər ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri əv ðə ˈʧɪldrən ðə əˈθɔrətiz sɛd: 'ðə ˈʧɪldrən hæd ðɛr θroʊts slɪt bət wi ər stɪl əˈweɪtɪŋ ˌfɔˈrɛnsɪk rɪˈpɔrts.' tu əv ðə ˈbɑdiz, ðə gərl ənd hər ˈbrəðər hæd ˈməltəpəl stæb wundz. wɪn ðə ˈimərʤənsi ˈsərvɪsɪz əraɪvd ðə ˈɛldəst ˈbrəðər wɑz stɪl əˈlaɪv bət hi ˈleɪtər daɪd əv hɪz ˈɪnʤəriz. ðə ˈkɪlɪŋz tʊk pleɪs ɪn ðə səˈbərbən taʊn əv, 19 maɪəlz) ist əv ˈpɛrɪs, ɪn ðə ˈriʤən. ðɛr ˈfɑðər wɑz faʊnd ɪn ə steɪt əv ʃɑk ənd ˈneɪbərz sɛd hi rəʃt aʊt əv hɪz hoʊm ˈskrimɪŋ wɪn hi dɪˈskəvərd ðə ˈbɑdiz. hənt fər ˈɛvədəns: ə ˌfɔˈrɛnsɪk ˈɔfɪsər ˈɛnərz ðə ˈʧɪldrənz hoʊm ɪn dampart*, ist əv ˈpɛrɪs. əˈlərt: pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz wɔʧ ɛz ðə ˌfɔˈrɛnsɪk ˈɔfɪsərz ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə haʊs wɛr ðə ˈʧɪldrən wər stæbd ə ʃɑkt ˈneɪbər sɛd: 'ˈɛvriˌwən nu ðɛm hir. ɪts ˌənbəˈlivəbəl, ˈædɪŋ ðət ðə ˈfæməli wɑz 'dɪˈskrit' ənd 'hæd noʊ ˈprɑbləmz.'
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french mother arrested after her three children are found with throats slit at their home
doctor father rushed screaming from the house after grim discovery
police hold runaway wife in paris; couple were having marital difficulties
the runaway french mother of three children found dead at their home with their throats slit has been arrested by police.
she was held in paris after a police hunt was launched following the discovery of the siblings aged nine, 11 and 17.
their father, who is a doctor, raised the alarm when he returned home in the morning from work, police and judicial sources said.
grim: the body of one of the stabbed children is removed from the house in the suburban town of dampmart, 19 miles outside paris
house of death: the home where the three children were stabbed. two of them were dead at the scene while the eldest, aged 17, died later
investigation: a forensic officer leaves the scene in the town of dampmart after the discovery of the children
the authorities said: 'the children had their throats slit but we are still awaiting forensic reports.'
two of the bodies, the nine-year-old girl and her 11-year-old brother had multiple stab wounds.
when the emergency services arrived the eldest brother was still alive but he later died of his injuries.
the killings took place in the suburban town of dampmart, 30kilometres (19 miles) east of paris, in the seine-et-marne region.
their father was found in a state of shock and neighbours said he rushed out of his home screaming when he discovered the bodies.
hunt for evidence: a forensic officer enters the children's home in dampart, east of paris.
alert: police officers watch as the forensic officers examine the outside of the house where the children were stabbed
a shocked neighbour said: 'everyone knew them here. it's unbelievable, adding that the family was 'discreet' and 'had no problems.'
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gɪt ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈpɑləˌtɪks ˈstɔriz baɪ iˈmeɪl səbˈskraɪb θæŋk ju fər səbˈskraɪbɪŋ wi hæv mɔr ˈnuzˌlɛtərz ʃoʊ mi si ɑr ˈpraɪvəsi ˈnoʊtɪs kʊd nɑt səbˈskraɪb, traɪ əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl ˈbɔrɪs ˈʤɑnsən wɑz ˈstimˌroʊlərd ɔn lɪv ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən təˈdeɪ ɛz hi ədˈmɪtəd ðə wɪl nɑt gɪt ə wik ˈɛkstrə ˈæftər ðə ˈfɔrən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri wɑz pərˈsud ˈoʊvər ðə fɔls boʊst hi bækt ɪn ðə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm kæmˈpeɪn baɪ gʊd ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈbrɪtən ˈprɛzəntər suˈzænə rid. ʃi grɪld ɪm ɛz hi rɪˈpitɪdli traɪd tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt bæk tɪ hɪz əˈtæk ɔn oʊld mugwump*" ˈʤɛrəˌmi ˈmɪstər ˈbɔrɪs juzd ðə bɪˈzɑr dɪˈskrɪpʃən ɛz hi spræŋ ˈɪntu laɪf ɪn ðə ˈtɔri ɪˈlɛkʃən kæmˈpeɪn ˈfɑloʊɪŋ rɪˈpɔrts hi wʊd bi ˈsaɪˌdlaɪnd. ɪn ə ˈsɪrɪŋ ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˈɑrtɪkəl ðə ˈfɔrən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əˈkjuzd ˈmɪstər əv ˈjuzɪŋ "miˈændərɪŋ ənd nɑnˈsɛnsɪkəl" ˈlæŋgwɪʤ. bət ɪt wɑz ɪm hu wɑz kɔt miˈændərɪŋ wɪn ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ɪm wɪθ ðə sˈloʊgən "lɛts gɪv ɑr ðə ðə teɪks ˈɛvəri wik" wɑz brɔt əp ɔn skrin. ˈɛkspərts ənd ˈivɪn ˈnaɪʤəl seɪ ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈfɪgjər ɪz əraʊnd hæf ðət ər lɛs wəns ˈpeɪmənts bæk tɪ ˈbrɪtən, ənd ðə ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˈriˌbeɪt nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪd ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ɪz ˈfæktərd ɪn. ɪt kəmz ɛz ðə əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˌfɑrməˈsutɪkəl ˈɪndəstri wərθ wɔrnz təˈdeɪ ɪt kʊd kwɪt ˈbrɪtən ɪf hɛlθ ˈspɛndɪŋ dɪz nɑt raɪz. (ˈɪmɪʤ:) (ˈɪmɪʤ:) mɪz rid ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt hɛlθ ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤɛrəˌmi hənt hæd ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ ʤɪst ə deɪ ˈərliər ənd wɔrnd ə bæd wɪl gɪv ðə lɛs ˈməni. "hi ˈdəzənt bæk əp ðət kleɪm əv fər ðə ənd hiz ðə mæn ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ðə!" ʃi sɛd. kˈwoʊtɪŋ ˈleɪbər, ʃi ˈædɪd: "waɪ ʃʊd ˈɛniˌwən bɪˈliv ə wərd hi sɪz?" ˈmɪstər ˈʤɑnsən rɪˈpitɪdli traɪd tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈlidərˌʃɪp seɪɪŋ tərˈisə meɪ ɪn ˈɔfəs wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli ʧæns tɪ gɪt ˈməni bæk. bət mɪz rid sɛd: "ðət ˈɪzənt ˈæˌkʧuəli ðə ˈækjərət əˈmaʊnt əv wət wi kənˈtrɪbjut." ˈmɪstər ˈʤɑnsən ˈfaɪnəli ədˈmɪtəd: ɪz ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈfɪgjər əv wət wi doʊnt kənˈtroʊl... ðə nɛt ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən ɪz əˈbaʊt ə jɪr." (ˈɪmɪʤ: ˈgɛti) hi ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðə ˈfɪgjər wɑz "nɑt dɪˈspjutɪd", bət ðɛn ədˈmɪtəd: ɪz ðə səm wi du nɑt kənˈtroʊl. "ə ˈsərtən əˈmaʊnt əv ðət, ɛz aɪ sɛd ənˈtɪl aɪ wɑz blu ɪn ðə feɪs, ɪz spɛnt æt ðə bɪˈhɛst əv ðə ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri, əˈbaʊt £175million*." ðət minz ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈɛkstrə əˈmaʊnt spɛnt ɪn ˈbrɪtən iʧ wik wɪl bi ˈnoʊˌwɛr nɪr. ˈwundɪd ˈmɪstər ˈʤɑnsən ˈɔlsoʊ riˈæktɪd tɪ kleɪmz hi kʊd bi ˈsaɪˌdlaɪnd ɪn ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən kæmˈpeɪn, seɪɪŋ: "aɪ hæv nɑt bɪn kɛpt ˈəndər ræps!" ənd hi dɪˈfɛndɪd hɪz ˈfeɪljər tɪ wɪn ˈsæŋkʃənz əˈgɛnst ˈrəʃən ˈʤɛnərəlz wɪθ lɪŋks tɪ ðə ˈsɪriən ˈkɛmɪkəl əˈtæk hɪz ˈbɪgəst flɑp ɔn ðə wərld steɪʤ. "ðɛr wɑz ˈnɛvər ə ˈprɑspɛkt əv ˈgɪtɪŋ nu ˈsæŋkʃənz ɔn ˈrəʃə," hi sɛd ˈleɪtər ˈklɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ hi hæd pʊʃt fər ðɛm ɔn ˈrəʃən ˈʤɛnərəlz, ɪf nɑt ðə ˈkəntri. ɪn ən ˈɑrtɪkəl fər ðə sən ˈnuzˌpeɪpər təˈdeɪ, ˈmɪstər ˈʤɑnsən kleɪmd ðə "ˈbɪgəst rɪsk" wɪθ ˈʤɛrəˌmi ɪz "ˈpipəl ʤɪst gɪt wət ə θrɛt hi ˈrɪli ɪz." (ˈɪmɪʤ: afp*) wɪˈθaʊt ə hɪnt əv ˈaɪrəni, hi əˈkjuzd ðə ˈleɪbər ˈlidər əv "miˈændərɪŋ ənd nɑnˈsɛnsɪkəl" ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈraɪtɪŋ: "[ˈpipəl] seɪ tɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz: hi meɪ bi ə oʊld mugwump*, bət hi ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈhɑrmləs. "hæv ju ˈɛvər θɔt ðə ˈlidər əv ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ɪz ən ɛˈsɛnʃəli bɪˈnaɪn ˈərbɪˌvɔr? hæv ju fɛlt ə pæŋ əv ˈsɪmpəθi fər hɪz plaɪt? ɪf soʊ, faɪt ɪt." ˈmɪstər ˈʤɑnsən ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ðə θrɛts frəm ˈrəʃə ənd nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə ənd sɛd ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv ə ˈleɪbər ˈgəvərnmənt wʊd bi "kəˈlæmətəs". hi ˈɔlsoʊ əˈkjuzd ˈleɪbər əv pleɪɪŋ "ˈhoʊki cokey*" ɔn ðə bɪˈkəz ɪt kænt ˌdɪˈsaɪd ˈwɛðər ɪts ɪn ər aʊt. ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən 2017 ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn poʊlz wɪl ˈoʊpən ɪn 0 deɪz 0 aʊərz 0 ˈmɪnəts 0 ˈsɛkəndz bət ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈfɔrən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈɛmɪli ˈθɔrnˌbɛri sɛd: "ɪt simz ˈbɔrɪs ˈʤɑnsən həz ˈfaɪnəli bɪn əˈlaʊd aʊt əv ˈhaɪdɪŋ, ɔn ðə kənˈdɪʃən hi ˈoʊnli tɔks dɪˈluʒənəl ˈnɑnsɛns." ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ʤɑn ˈhili toʊld skaɪ nuz: "aɪ ˈrɪli θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz ˈbɔrɪs ˈʤɑnsən ˈfilɪŋ lɛft aʊt əv ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən kæmˈpeɪn ənd ðɪs ɪz 'lʊk æt mi name-calling*'. "tɪ bi kwaɪt ˈɑnəst ðɪs dɪˈminz ðə pəˈzɪʃən əv ðə ˈfɔrən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri. aɪ wʊd seɪ tɪ ɪm doʊnt əˈtæk ðə ˈpərsən dəˈbeɪt ðə ˈpɑləsi. "ənd ɪf ju ənd jʊr ˈpɑrti wɔnt tɪ pʊt ˈʤɛrəˌmi ɔn ðə spɑt lɛts si ðə ˈlidərz dəˈbeɪt ɔn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən soʊ ˈpipəl kən meɪk əp ðɛr oʊn maɪndz."
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boris johnson was steamrollered on live tv today as he admitted the nhs will not get £350million a week extra after brexit .
the foreign secretary was pursued over the false boast he backed in the eu referendum campaign by good morning britain presenter susanna reid.
she grilled him as he repeatedly tried to change the subject back to his attack on "mutton-headed old mugwump" jeremy corbyn .
mr boris used the bizarre description as he sprang into life in the tory election campaign following reports he would be sidelined.
in a searing newspaper article the foreign secretary accused mr corbyn of using "meandering and nonsensical" language.
but it was him who was caught meandering when a photo of him with the slogan "let's give our nhs the £350million the eu takes every week" was brought up on screen.
experts and even nigel farage say the actual figure is around half that or less - once payments back to britain, and the automatic rebate negotiated several years ago, is factored in.
it comes as the association of the british pharmaceutical industry - worth £30billion - warns today it could quit britain if health spending does not rise.
(image: itv)
(image: itv)
ms reid pointed out health secretary jeremy hunt had visited the itv studio just a day earlier and warned a bad brexit will give the nhs less money.
"he doesn't back up that claim of £350million for the nhs and he's the man in charge of the nhs!" she said.
quoting labour, she added: "why should anyone believe a word he says?"
mr johnson repeatedly tried to change the subject to leadership - saying theresa may in office was the only chance to get money back.
but ms reid said: "that isn't actually the accurate amount of what we contribute."
mr johnson finally admitted: "£350m is the global figure of what we don't control... the net contribution is about £10billion a year."
(image: getty)
he insisted the figure was "not disputed", but then admitted: "£350million is the sum we do not control.
"a certain amount of that, as i said until i was blue in the face, is spent at the behest of the eu in this country, about £175million."
that means the total extra amount spent in britain each week will be nowhere near £350million.
wounded mr johnson also reacted to claims he could be sidelined in the election campaign, saying: "i have not been kept under wraps!"
and he defended his failure to win sanctions against russian generals with links to the syrian chemical attack - his biggest flop on the world stage.
"there was never a prospect of getting new sanctions on russia," he said - later clarifying he had pushed for them on russian generals, if not the country.
in an article for the sun newspaper today, mr johnson claimed the "biggest risk" with jeremy corbyn is "people just don’t get what a threat he really is."
(image: afp)
without a hint of irony, he accused the labour leader of "meandering and nonsensical" language before writing: "[people] say to themselves: he may be a mutton-headed old mugwump, but he is probably harmless.
"have you ever thought the leader of the opposition is an essentially benign islingtonian herbivore? have you felt a pang of sympathy for his plight? if so, fight it."
mr johnson pointed to the threats from russia and north korea and said the consequences of a labour government would be "calamitous".
he also accused labour of playing "hokey cokey" on the eu because it can't decide whether it's in or out.
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but shadow foreign secretary emily thornberry said: "it seems boris johnson has finally been allowed out of hiding, on the condition he only talks delusional nonsense."
shadow housing secretary john healey told sky news: "i really think this is boris johnson feeling left out of the general election campaign and this is 'look at me name-calling'.
"to be quite honest this demeans the position of the foreign secretary. i would say to him don't attack the person - debate the policy.
"and if you and your party want to put jeremy corbyn on the spot let's see the leaders debate on tv so people can make up their own minds."
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fəˈleɪʃioʊ baɪ frut bæts prəˈlɔŋz taɪm sɛks ɪz ˈwaɪdli juzd ɪn ˈjumən ˈfɔrˌpleɪ, bət ˈrɛrli ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd ɪn ˈəðər ˈænəməlz. fəˈleɪʃioʊ həz bɪn rɪˈkɔrdɪd ɪn ˈbɑnəbəz paniscus</em*>, bət ˈivɪn ðɛn ˈfəŋkʃənz ˈlɑrʤli ɛz pleɪ bɪˈheɪvjər əˈməŋ ˈʤuvəˌnaɪl meɪlz. ðə frut bæt sphinx</em*> ɪgˈzɪbəts ˈrisɔrs dɪˈfɛns pəˈlɪʤəni ənd wən ˈsɛkʃuəli ˈæktɪv meɪl ˈɔfən wɪθ grups əv ˈfiˌmeɪlz ɪn tɛnts meɪd frəm livz. ˈfiˌmeɪl bæts ˈɔfən lɪk ðɛr ˈpinɪs ˈdʊrɪŋ. ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl loʊərz hər hɛd tɪ lɪk ðə ʃæft ər ðə beɪs əv ðə meɪlz ˈpinɪs bət dɪz nɑt lɪk ðə ˈpinɪs wɪʧ həz ɔˈrɛdi ˈpɛnəˌtreɪtɪd ðə vəˈʤaɪnə. meɪlz ˈnɛvər wɪθˈdru ðɛr ˈpinɪs wɪn ɪt wɑz lɪkt baɪ ðə ˈmeɪtɪŋ ˈpɑrtnər. ə ˈpɑzətɪv riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ɪgˈzɪsts bɪtˈwin ðə lɛŋθ əv taɪm ðət ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl lɪkt ðə meɪlz ˈpinɪs ˈdʊrɪŋ ənd ðə ˈdʊˈreɪʃən əv. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ˈmeɪtɪŋ pɛrz spɛnt sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli mɔr taɪm ɪn ɪf ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl lɪkt hər ˈpinɪs ðən ɪf fəˈleɪʃioʊ wɑz ˈæbsənt. meɪlz ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊ ˈʤɛnətəl ˈgrumɪŋ ˈæftər intromission*. æt ˈprɛzənt, wi du nɑt noʊ waɪ ˈʤɛnətəl ˈlɪkɪŋ əˈkərz, ənd wi ˈprɛzənt fɔr ɪkˈsklusɪv haɪˈpɑθəˌsiz ðət meɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˈfəŋkʃən əv fəˈleɪʃioʊ ɪn <em>c*. sphinx</em>.</p></div*>
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fellatio by fruit bats prolongs copulation time
<div><p>oral sex is widely used in human foreplay, but rarely documented in other animals. fellatio has been recorded in bonobos <em>pan paniscus</em>, but even then functions largely as play behaviour among juvenile males. the short-nosed fruit bat <em>cynopterus sphinx</em> exhibits resource defence polygyny and one sexually active male often roosts with groups of females in tents made from leaves. female bats often lick their mate's penis during dorsoventral copulation. the female lowers her head to lick the shaft or the base of the male's penis but does not lick the glans penis which has already penetrated the vagina. males never withdrew their penis when it was licked by the mating partner. a positive relationship exists between the length of time that the female licked the male's penis during copulation and the duration of copulation. furthermore, mating pairs spent significantly more time in copulation if the female licked her mate's penis than if fellatio was absent. males also show postcopulatory genital grooming after intromission. at present, we do not know why genital licking occurs, and we present four non-mutually exclusive hypotheses that may explain the function of fellatio in <em>c. sphinx</em>.</p></div>
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thearon* ˈdəbəlju. ˈɪmɪʤɪz neɪt ˈθərmənd, ə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ ˈvɛtərən hu pleɪd 11 ˈsizənz wɪθ ðə sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ənd ˈgoʊldən steɪt ˈwɔrjərz, daɪd ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ æt ðə eɪʤ əv 74 kənˈfərmd ˈθərməndz dɛθ, ˈnoʊtɪŋ hi wɑz ˈrisəntli ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst wɪθ luˈkimiə. ðə ˈwɔrjərz ˈɔfərd ðɛr kənˈdoʊlənsəz ɔn tˈwɪtər: ˈwɔrjərz ˈoʊnər ʤoʊ wɑz əˈməŋ ðə ˈmɛni ˈpipəl hu ˈɪʃud ə ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ əˈbaʊt ˈθərməndz ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz ənd lig: neɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ðɪs ˈfrænˌʧaɪz wɪθ klæs, ˈdɪgnəti ənd hjuˈmɪlɪti ɛz boʊθ ə pleɪər ənd kəmˈjunɪti riˈleɪʃənz æmˈbæsədər fər ˈoʊvər 40 jɪrz. wɪˈθaʊt ə daʊt, hi ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst bɪˈləvəd ˈfɪgjərz tɪ ˈɛvər wɛr ə ˈwɔrjərz ˈjunəˌfɔrm ənd boʊθ ə hɔl əv feɪm pleɪər ənd hɔl əv feɪm ˈpərsən, hɛns hɪz noʊ. 42 ˈʤərzi ˈhæŋɪŋ frəm ðə ˈræftərz æt ˈɔrəkəl ərˈinə. ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈwɔrjərz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən, ɑr θɔts ənd prɛrz goʊ aʊt tɪ hɪz ɪnˈtaɪər ˈfæməli, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ hɪz waɪf, ˈmɑrsi. wɪl mɪs hɪz ˈprɛzəns ɪn hɪz ˈkəstəˌmɛri sits æt ɑr geɪmz nɛkst ˈsizən, bət hɪz ˈlɛgəsi wɪl lɪv fərˈɛvər. ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ prəˈvaɪdɪd ə ˈsteɪtmənt frəm kəˈmɪʃənər ˈædəm ˈsɪlvər: ˈʤɛri wɛst, hu wərks wɪθ ðə ˈwɔrjərz ɛz ən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv bɔrd ˈmɛmbər, kɔld ˈθərmənd "wɪˈθaʊt ə daʊt, wən əv ðə ˈfɪrsəst kəmˈpɛtɪtərz ðət aɪ pleɪd əˈgɛnst ˈdʊrɪŋ maɪ ɪnˈtaɪər kərɪr." ˈlɛri bil əv ˈeɪˌbiˌsi 7 ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈɔfərd hɪz kənˈdoʊlənsəz tɪ ˈsəmˌwən hi kənˈsɪdərd ə "gʊd frɛnd" ˈæftər ˈlərnɪŋ əv ˈθərməndz dɛθ: hi pleɪd wɪθ ðə ˈwɔrjərz, ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bʊlz ənd ˈklivlənd ˌkævəˈlɪrz. ðə ˈwɔrjərz ənd ˌkævəˈlɪrz boʊθ rɪˈtaɪrd hɪz noʊ. 42 ˈʤərzi, ənd hi tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðə ˈwɔrjərz' ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp pəreɪd ˈæftər ðɛr ˈvɪktəri ɪn ðə 2015 ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ ˈfaɪnəlz. mɑrk ʤeɪ. spɪrz əv ðə ˌəndɪˈfitɪd prəˈvaɪdɪd ə ˈsteɪtmənt frəm ðə ˌkævəˈlɪrz: ˈθərmənd wɑz wən əv ðə bɛst bɪg mɛn ɪn hɪz pleɪɪŋ deɪz frəm 1963 tɪ 1977 ˈævrɪʤɪŋ 15 pɔɪnts ənd 15 ˈriˌbaʊndz pər geɪm. hi wɑz neɪmd tɪ ˈsɛvən ˌɔlˈstɑr timz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ fɔr streɪt frəm 1965 tɪ 1968 ðə fərst tim twaɪs ənd ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri ˌɔlˈtaɪm tim ɪn 1996 hi wɑz ˌɪnˈdəktɪd ˈɪntu ðə hɔl əv feɪm ɪn 1985
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thearon w. henderson/getty images
nate thurmond, a 14-year nba veteran who played 11 seasons with the san francisco and golden state warriors, died saturday at the age of 74.
nba.com confirmed thurmond's death, noting he was recently diagnosed with leukemia.
the warriors offered their condolences on twitter:
warriors owner joe lacob was among the many people who issued a statement to nba.com about thurmond's impact on the franchise and league:
nate represented this franchise with class, dignity and humility as both a player and community relations ambassador for over 40 years. without a doubt, he is one of the most beloved figures to ever wear a warriors uniform and both a hall of fame player and hall of fame person, hence his no. 42 jersey hanging from the rafters at oracle arena. on behalf of the entire warriors organization, our thoughts and prayers go out to his entire family, including his wife, marci. we'll miss his presence in his customary seats at our games next season, but his legacy will live forever.
the nba provided a statement from commissioner adam silver:
jerry west, who works with the warriors as an executive board member, called thurmond "without a doubt, one of the fiercest competitors that i played against during my entire career."
larry beil of abc 7 in san francisco offered his condolences to someone he considered a "good friend" after learning of thurmond's death:
he played with the warriors, chicago bulls and cleveland cavaliers. the warriors and cavaliers both retired his no. 42 jersey, and he took part in the warriors' championship parade after their victory in the 2015 nba finals.
marc j. spears of espn's the undefeated provided a statement from the cavaliers:
thurmond was one of the nba's best big men in his playing days from 1963 to 1977, averaging 15 points and 15 rebounds per game. he was named to seven all-star teams, including four straight from 1965 to 1968, the all-defensive first team twice and the nba's 50th anniversary all-time team in 1996. he was inducted into the hall of fame in 1985.
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ə waɪl bæk kɔt wɪnd əv ˈrumərz ðət ðə ʃæk wʊd bi ˈkloʊzɪŋ ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ weɪ fər ə ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈprɑʤɛkt. ɪt simd ˌɪmˈprɑbəbəl, bət məʧ əv ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ðə ˈsɪti əv st*. luɪs simz ˌɪmˈprɑbəbəl ðiz deɪz. ənd ˈsimɪŋli laɪk moʊst ˈrumərz əv leɪt, ðɪs wən ɪz ˈmuvɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd. st*. luɪs ˈmægəˌzin həz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə ʃæk wɪl bi ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˈeɪprəl 25 ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ənd bɑr simd tɪ bi duɪŋ wɛl, ənd brænt toʊld mæg ðət ðɛr wər noʊ plænz tɪ kloʊz ənˈtɪl hi ənd hɪz ˈpɑrtnərz wər əˈproʊʧt baɪ ə dɪˈvɛləpər. ðə ʃæk ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ənd ˈnɪrli ɔl ɪkˈwɪpmənt, laɪt ˈfɪksʧərz, ənd mɔr ɪz ˈhɛdɪd fər ə nu loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈfɔrmər waɪld speɪs ɪn ˈvæli pɑrk, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ mæg. ðə ʃæk wɑz ə nu ˈkɑnsɛpt ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 2012 ənd ˈfɑloʊd piɛr pəb ˈitəri ɪn ðə speɪs, wɪʧ ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈfɑloʊd ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈrɛˌstrɑnts. ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli ˈtaʊtɪd ɛz biɪŋ ðət pleɪs seɪnt luɪs ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈgræʤəˌweɪts wʊd rɪˈmɛmbər ənd rɪˈtərn tɪ jɪr ˈæftər jɪr. ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli əˈkrɔs ðə strit. ðə ˈvæli pɑrk loʊˈkeɪʃən wɪl ˈɑbviəsli dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ə ˈdɪfərənt ˌklaɪənˈtɛl. plænz hæv nɑt jɛt bɪn meɪd əˈveɪləbəl ənd nɑt noʊn ɪf ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt wɪl ˌɪnˈklud ə ˈriˌteɪl kəmˈpoʊnənt, bət ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈbɪldɪŋz ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi dɪˈmɑlɪʃt. ɪf ɪt dɪz, rɪˈpɔrtədli ə ʧæns ðə ʃæk kʊd muv bæk ɪn. prɪˈzuməbli ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt wɪl ˌɪnˈklud 3802 lɑˈklid, ʤɪst tɪ ðə ist, wɪʧ həz bɪn ˈveɪkənt sɪns æt list 2008 pər ˈsɪti ˈrɛkərdz. ʤɪst tɪ ðə wɛst əv ðə ʃæk, θri ˈbɪldɪŋz wər reɪzd ɪn 2011 tɪ meɪk weɪ fər ə ˈʤɪmi ənd ˈpɑˌpə ʤɑnz ɪn ə ˈstɔrˌfrɑnt. {ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt saɪt wɪl prɪˈzuməbli ˌɪnˈklud ðə ʃæk ənd 3802 lɑˈklid} 3802 lɑˈklid wʊd prɪˈzuməbli bi lɔst tɪ ðə ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈprɑʤɛkt} waɪl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈɔfən simz tɪ kəmˈpraɪzd əv ˈlɪniər ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz, ə ˈkloʊzər ˈrɛdɪŋ əv ðə ˈnɛrətɪv lʊks ə ˈlɪtəl ˈdɪfərənt. boʊθ ðə ˈstændərd, ðə əˈʤeɪsənt dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ənd ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt, wər wɛl ˌəndərˈweɪ wɛl ˌbiˈfɔr ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt wɑz meɪd ðət ˌaɪˈkiə wʊd bi bɪlt ʤɪst əˈkrɔs ðə strit, ənd ˈkɔrtɛks wʊd hæd mɔr ðən hæf ə ˈmɪljən skwɛr fit əv ˈrisərʧ ənd ˈɔfəs speɪs, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈriˌteɪl, ʤɪst daʊn ðə strit. ɪf ðɪs ˈɛriə wɑz sɛt tɪ ɪkˈsploʊd wɪθ dɪˈvɛləpmənt praɪər tɪ ðə ˌaɪˈkiə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt, ənd ˈəðər ˈkɔrtɛks ˈprɑʤɛkts naʊ biɪŋ meɪd ˈpəblɪk, ðə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən əv ðɪs ˈkɔrnər əv ðə ˈsɛntrəl wɛst ɛnd ənd ˈmɪdˌtaʊn meɪ ɪkˈsid ðə ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz əv ˈivɪn ðə moʊst ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk hu hoʊpt tɪ si lɔŋ ˈveɪkənt lɑts ənd ˈəndərˌjutəˌlaɪzd ˈwɛˌrhaʊzɪz wəns əˈgɛn tim wɪθ ˈrɛzɪdənts ənd ˈwərkərz. ə glæns æt ˈvɛriəs dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn st*. luɪs ˈsɛntrəl ˈkɔrɪdər:
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a while back nextstl caught wind of rumors that the shack would be closing and making way for a residential project. it seemed improbable, but much of the development in the city of st. louis seems improbable these days. and seemingly like most rumors of late, this one is moving forward.
st. louis magazine has reported that the shack will be closing april 25. the restaurant and bar seemed to be doing well, and co-owner brant baldanza told stl mag that there were no plans to close until he and his partners were approached by a developer. the shack itself, and nearly all equipment, light fixtures, and more is headed for a new location in the former wild agave space in valley park, according to stl mag.
the shack was a new concept in the summer of 2012, and followed pierre laclede’s pub & eatery in the space, which itself followed a number of pub-style restaurants. the concept was originally touted as being that place saint louis university graduates would remember and return to year after year. the university is located immediately across the street. the valley park location will obviously depend on a different clientele.
plans have not yet been made available and it’s not known if the project will include a retail component, but existing buildings are expected to be demolished. if it does, there’s reportedly a chance the shack could move back in. presumably the project will include 3802 laclede, just to the east, which has been vacant since at least 2008 per city records. just to the west of the shack, three buildings were razed in 2011 to make way for a jimmy john’s and papa johns in a two-bay storefront.
{the development site will presumably include the shack and 3802 laclede}
{3802 laclede would presumably be lost to the residential project}
while development often seems to comprised of linear headlines, a closer reading of the narrative looks a little different. both the standard, the adjacent 465-bed development, and this project, were well underway well before the announcement was made that ikea would be built just across the street, and cortex would had more than half a million square feet of research and office space, as well as retail, just down the street.
if this area was set to explode with development prior to the ikea announcement, and other cortex projects now being made public, the transformation of this corner of the central west end and midtown may exceed the expectations of even the most optimistic who hoped to see long vacant lots and underutilized warehouses once again team with residents and workers.
a glance at various development in st. louis city’s central corridor:
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wən mənθ əˈgoʊ, ðə groʊv wɑz ə kwaɪət grup əv ˈpaʊərfəl ˈwɪmən huz meɪn ækˈtɪvɪti wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈænjuəl veɪˈkeɪʃənz ɪn saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkəntriz. təˈdeɪ, ðə nu kləb faɪndz ˌɪtˈsɛlf kɔt əp ɪn səˈprim kɔrt ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈpɑləˌtɪks, wɪθ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ˈreɪzɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈmɛmbər. ˈfɛdərəl əˈpilz kɔrt ʤəʤ ˈsoʊnˌjɑ ˌsoʊtoʊmeɪˈɔr ʤɔɪnd ðə grup ə jɪr əˈgoʊ ənd wɛnt ɔn hər fərst trɪp læst jɪr tɪ pəru. hər ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp wɛnt ˈlɑrʤli ənˈnoʊtɪst ənˈtɪl ʃi ˈlɪstɪd ɪt ɔn ə ˈsɛnɪt kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr ɪn ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən fər hər ˌʤuˈlaɪ 13 ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈhirɪŋz. naʊ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ər ˈreɪzɪŋ kənˈsərnz ðət hər ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ɪn ə ““discriminatory”*” ˈpraɪvət kləb ˈvaɪəleɪts əˈmɛrɪkən bɑr əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ˈɛθɪkəl ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz fər ˈʤəʤɪz. ʤəʤ ˌsoʊtoʊmeɪˈɔr ðɪs wik dɪˈfɛndɪd ðə kləb, seɪɪŋ ðət dɪˈspaɪt ɪts ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp, ɪt dɪz nɑt dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪt əˈgɛnst mɛn. wɪθ ðə ˈpɑləsiz naʊ ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈspɑˌtlaɪt, tu mɛn æst ˈtuzˌdeɪ əˈbaʊt ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðə kləb, sɛd groʊv ˈfaʊndər ˈsuzən ˈʃɪfər. mɪz., hu ˈfaʊndɪd ðə ˈpraɪvət kləb naɪn jɪrz əˈgoʊ, sɛd ðə grup ɪz ə rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə kləbz ðət hæv lɔŋ ˈfɑstərd ˈbɪznɪs kəˈnɛkʃənz ənd ˈpɑləsi lɪŋks fər ˈpaʊərfəl mɛn. θɪŋk wi ɔl nid səˈpɔrt ɪn ɑr lives,”*,” mɪz. sɛd. nid taɪm tɪ rɪˈlæks; wi nid taɪm tɪ θɪŋk. ɔl biɪŋ ˈnɪbəld æt ˈkɑnstəntli ɔl deɪ, baɪ e-mail.”*.” ˈʤɛndər ˈpɑləˌtɪks hæv pruvd ə ˈmaɪnˌfild fər meɪl səˈprim kɔrt ˌnɑməˈniz. ðə waɪf əv ˈʤəstɪs ˈsæmjul ə. əˈlitoʊ jr*. broʊk daʊn ɪn tɪrz ˈæftər əˈgrɛsɪv kˈwɛsʧənz æt hɪz 2005 ˈsɛnɪt ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈhirɪŋz əˈbaʊt hɪz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ə ˈprɪnstən əˈləmˌnaɪ grup ðət əˈpoʊzd əˈfərmətɪv ˈækʃən. ˈʤəstɪsɪz ˈæntənɪn ˈskɑljə ənd ˈænθɔˌni ɛm. ˈkɛnədi kwɪt kləbz wɪn ðeɪ wər biɪŋ kənˈsɪdərd fər ðə səˈprim kɔrt ɪn ðə leɪt 1980s*, ənd ˈʤəstɪs ˈhɛri ˈblækmən rɪˈzaɪnd hɪz ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ɪn ðə ɪkˈsklusɪv ˈkɑzmoʊs kləb ɪn 1988 ðə ˈoʊnli tu ˈwɪmən tɪ hæv sæt ɔn ðə kɔrt, ˈʤəstɪs ruθ ˈbædər ˈgɪnzbərg ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈʤəstɪs ˈsændrə deɪ o’connor*, wər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ grup, ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈfɔrəm, bət ðɛr ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪps dɪd nɑt bɪˈkəm ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈɪʃu ɪn ðɛr ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈhirɪŋz. mɪz. ˈstɑrtɪd ðə groʊv ɛz ə rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə boʊˈhimiən kləb ən grup huz væst boʊˈhimiən groʊv ˈprɑpərti ɪn ˈnɔrðərn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə həz ˈhoʊstɪd ən ˈænjuəl ˈmɪdˈsəmər ˈgæðərɪŋ fər ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts, ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz, ˈkɔrpərət ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz, ˈraɪtərz ənd ˈɑrtɪsts fər 130 jɪrz. du nɑt sik əˈtɛnʃən nɔr du wi wɔnt attention,”*,” mɪz. sɛd. ʤɪst ə grup əv ˈwɪmən hu wɔnt tɪ bi səˈpɔrtɪv əv iʧ ˈəðər ənd hɛlp iʧ ˈəðər sərˈvaɪv ənd θraɪv. nɑt traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈbɪgər. ˈbɪgər ɪz nɑt ˈbɛtər; ˈbɛtər ɪz better.”*.” groʊv faʊnd ˈplɛnti əv əˈtɛnʃən ˈæftər rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈsɛnətərz ˈʧælənʤd ʤəʤ ˌsoʊtoʊmeɪˈɔr əˈbaʊt wət ðeɪ seɪ ɪz ən ˌɪnkəmˈplit kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr ənd ˈpɔɪntɪˌdli rɪkˈwɛstɪd mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə kləb. steɪt ðət ju ər ə ˈmɛmbər əv ən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən, ðə groʊv, ðət dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪts ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv sex,”*,” rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈsɛnɪt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti roʊt ɪn ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə waɪt haʊs læst wik. ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ðə koʊd əv ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈkɑndəkt proʊˈhɪbəts ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ɪn ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ðət discriminate”*” ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv sɛks, reɪs ənd ˈnæʃənəl ˈɔrəʤən, ðə ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz roʊt, ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs fər jʊr bɪˈlif ðət ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ɪn ən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ðət dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪts ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv sɛks ˌnənðəˈlɛs kənˈfɔrmz tɪ ðə koʊd əv conduct.”*.” ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə grup keɪm tɪ ʤəʤ dɪˈfɛns leɪt læst wik, ɪn ə ˈlɛtər əbˈteɪnd baɪ ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən taɪmz. æm ə rɪˈpəblɪkən ənd dɪsˈhɑrtənd baɪ ðoʊz hu ər ˈfaɪndɪŋ ɔl sɔrts əv ˈsɪli ˈrizənz tɪ ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈkænədɪt fər səˈprim kɔrt ˈʤəstɪs, ˈsoʊnˌjɑ sotomayor,”*,” ˈlɔjər ənd kənˈsəltənt ʤoʊn ˈmækənti sɛd ɪn ə ˈlɛtər ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ˈleɪtəst ɪz ðət ʃi ɪz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ən club’*’ ðət prəˈmoʊts ˈʤɛndər dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən, ɪkˈskluʒən ənd lɔrd noʊz wət else.”*.” ʤəʤ ˌsoʊtoʊmeɪˈɔr, rɪˈspɑndɪŋ dɪˈrɛkli tɪ rɪˈpəblɪkən kənˈsərnz, ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ˈmənˌdeɪ ðət ðə groʊv nɑt dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪt ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv sex.”*.” ɪn ə ˈrɪtən rɪˈspɑns, ʃi ˈædɪd, ər ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ɪts ækˈtɪvɪtiz ðeɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn trɪps, hoʊst ɪˈvɛnts ənd spik æt ˈfəŋkʃənz bət tɪ ðə bɛst əv maɪ ˈnɑlɪʤ, ə mæn həz ˈnɛvər æst tɪ bi kənˈsɪdərd fər membership.”*.” ðə boʊˈhimiən kləb, wɪʧ oʊnz ə sɪˈkludɪd sprɛd nɪr sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd baɪ ˈʤərnəlɪsts ɪn ðə ənd kˈwɪkli əˈtræktəd ə ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp əv ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈbɪznɪs ənd ɑrˈtɪstɪk ɪˈlit. ˈprɑmənənt ˈpəblɪk əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈɛvəri rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈprɛzɪdənt sɪns ˈkælvɪn ˈkulɪʤ, hæv bɪˈkəm ˈmɛmbərz ər spɛnt taɪm æt ðə saɪt. ˈfɔrmər ʧif ˈʤəstɪs ərl ˈwɔrən spɛnt ˈsəmərz æt ðə ɪnˈkæmpmɪnt. ˈʤəstɪs ˈklɛrəns ˈtɑməs twaɪs ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðə boʊˈhimiən kləb, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl dɪˈskloʊʒər fɔrmz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt ɪz ənˈklɪr ˈwɛðər hi ɪz ə ˈmɛmbər. tɔk əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈmɛmbərz ənd prəˈvaɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt hu ɑr ˈmɛmbərz ər ər ər not,”*,” sɛd mæt oggero*, ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə boʊˈhimiən kləb. bɪˈkəz əv ɪts ˈsikrətɪv weɪz, ðə boʊˈhimiən kləb həz bɪn ˈdɑrkli dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ kənˈspɪrəsi θiərɪsts ɛz ə ˈbridɪŋ graʊnd fər kəˈluʒən əˈməŋ ðə ɪˈlits ənd baɪ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪəntɪsts ɛz ə ˈpleɪˌgraʊnd fər ðə rɪʧ ənd ˈpaʊərfəl. groʊv ˈmɛmbərz ˌɪnˈsɪst ðət ðə kləb wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd fər ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃən ənd ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ. mɪz. sɛd ˈwɪmən ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ səkˈsid hæv ˈɔfən bɪn ʃət aʊt əv ðə ˈnɛtˌwərks əv paʊər ənd hæv hæd tɪ sik ˌnɑntrəˈdɪʃənəl ˈnɛtˌwərks fər səˈpɔrt. ʃi ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ə ˈhɑrvərd ˈstədi ðət sɛd ˈwɪmən ɔn wɔl strit dɪˈvɛləpt ˈnɛtˌwərks ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðɛr fərmz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæd ˈtrəbəl ˈkrækɪŋ ðə frəˈtərnəl ˈnɛtˌwərks ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðɛr ˈkəmpəˌniz. mɪz., hu rənz ən ˈeɪʤənsi ðət ˈpleɪsɪz ˈwɪmən ɔn ˈkɔrpərət ənd ˈʧɛrətəbəl bɔrdz, keɪm əp wɪθ ðə aɪˈdiə fər ðə grup waɪl ɔn ə trɪp wɪθ hər sən ɪn bɛˈliz, ðə ˈsɛntrəl əˈmɛrɪkən ˈneɪʃən ðət geɪv ðə kləb ɪts neɪm. ʤəʤ ˌsoʊtoʊmeɪˈɔr ʤɔɪnd ðə grup ɪn 2008 ɔn ðə ədˈvaɪs əv ˈmɛmbər ˈmɑri ˈkɑrmən əˈpɑnti. ʤəʤ ˌsoʊtoʊmeɪˈɔr dɪˈlɪvərd ə spiʧ æt læst pərˈuviən riˈtrit, wɪʧ wɑz əˈtɛndəd baɪ ðə juz. æmˈbæsədər tɪ ˈlimə ənd ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə pərˈuviən ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈmɛmbərz ər əˈlaʊd tɪ ˌɪnˈvaɪt ðɛr ˈspaʊsɪz, ˈpɑrtnərz ənd ˈʧɪldrən ɔn ən ““after-trip”*” ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈænjuəl saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkən riˈtrit. ˈmɪsɪz. ˈmækənti, hu rənz ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈbɪznɪs kənˈsəltɪŋ fərm ənd wɑz ə tɔp ˈkɑmərs dɪˈpɑrtmənt əˈfɪʃəl ˈəndər ˈprɛzɪdənt ʤɔrʤ h.w*. bʊʃ, sɛd ʃi rɪˈmɛmbərd ʤəʤ ˌsoʊtoʊmeɪˈɔr biɪŋ braɪt ənd ˈvɛri intelligent”*” ənd ˈhævɪŋ lɔt əv ˈpərsɪnəl ənd prəˈfɛʃənəl insights.”*.” ʃi sɛd rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ər ˈoʊnli ˈhərtɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈplɪtɪkli baɪ goʊɪŋ ˈæftər ʤəʤ ˌsoʊtoʊmeɪˈɔr beɪst ɔn hər ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ɪn ðə grup. ə mæn əˈplaɪd ənd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ʤɔɪn ənd hi mɛt ðə kraɪˈtɪriə, aɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən bi ˈɛni problem,”*,” ʃi sɛd, aɪ θɪŋk ɪz ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt frəm ðə oʊld ɪkˈskluʒəˌnɛri ˈkəntri clubs.”*.” ˈmɪsɪz. ˈmækənti sɛd ðət ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈwɪmən ““grovers”*” kəˈnɛkt wən əˈnəðər wɪθ ʤɑbz ənd bɔrd pəˈzɪʃənz, ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ həz sɔt aʊt mɛn fər ðiz ʤɑbz. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2019 ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən taɪmz, llc*. klɪk hir fər riˈprɪnt pərˈmɪʃən.
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one month ago, the belizean grove was a quiet group of powerful women whose main activity was taking annual vacations in south american countries.
today, the new york-based club finds itself caught up in supreme court confirmation politics, with republican lawmakers raising questions about the group’s most famous member.
federal appeals court judge sonia sotomayor joined the group a year ago and went on her first trip last year to peru. her membership went largely unnoticed until she listed it on a senate questionnaire in preparation for her july 13 confirmation hearings.
now republican lawmakers are raising concerns that her membership in a “discriminatory” private club violates american bar association ethical guidelines for judges. judge sotomayor this week defended the club, saying that despite its membership, it does not discriminate against men.
with the group’s policies now in the national spotlight, two men asked tuesday about joining the club, said belizean grove founder susan schiffer stautberg.
ms. stautberg, who founded the private club nine years ago, said the group is a response to the all-male clubs that have long fostered business connections and policy links for powerful men.
“i think we all need support in our lives,” ms. stautberg said. “we need time to relax; we need time to think. we’re all being nibbled at constantly all day, by e-mail.”
gender politics have proved a minefield for male supreme court nominees. the wife of justice samuel a. alito jr. broke down in tears after aggressive questions at his 2005 senate confirmation hearings about his reported involvement in a princeton alumni group that opposed affirmative action.
justices antonin scalia and anthony m. kennedy quit all-male clubs when they were being considered for the supreme court in the late 1980s, and justice harry blackmun resigned his membership in the exclusive cosmos club in 1988.
the only two women to have sat on the court, justice ruth bader ginsburg and former justice sandra day o’connor, were members of the women’s networking group, the international women’s forum, but their memberships did not become a major issue in their confirmation hearings.
ms. stautberg started the belizean grove as a response to the bohemian club - an all-male group whose vast bohemian grove property in northern california has hosted an annual midsummer gathering for presidents, politicians, corporate executives, writers and artists for 130 years.
“we do not seek attention nor do we want attention,” ms. stautberg said. “we’re just a group of women who want to be supportive of each other and help each other survive and thrive. we’re not trying to get bigger. bigger is not better; better is better.”
belizean grove found plenty of attention after republican senators challenged judge sotomayor about what they say is an incomplete questionnaire and pointedly requested more information about the club.
“you state that you are a member of an organization, the belizean grove, that discriminates on the basis of sex,” republican members of the senate judiciary committee wrote in a letter to the white house last week.
noting that the code of judicial conduct prohibits membership in organizations that “invidiously discriminate” on the basis of sex, race and national origin, the lawmakers wrote, “please explain the basis for your belief that membership in an organization that discriminates on the basis of sex nonetheless conforms to the code of conduct.”
a member of the women’s group came to judge sotomayor’s defense late last week, in a letter obtained by the washington times.
“i am a republican and disheartened by those who are finding all sorts of silly reasons to criticize the current candidate for supreme court justice, sonia sotomayor,” lawyer and consultant joan mcentee said in a letter friday. “the latest is that she is a member of an ‘exclusive all-woman’s club’ that promotes gender discrimination, exclusion and lord knows what else.”
judge sotomayor, responding directly to republican concerns, insisted monday that the belizean grove “does not invidiously discriminate on the basis of sex.”
in a written response, she added, “men are involved in its activities - they participate in trips, host events and speak at functions - but to the best of my knowledge, a man has never asked to be considered for membership.”
the male-only bohemian club, which owns a secluded 2,700-acre spread near san francisco, was founded by journalists in the mid-1870s and quickly attracted a membership of the local business and artistic elite. prominent public officials and politicians, including every republican president since calvin coolidge, have become members or spent time at the site.
former chief justice earl warren spent summers at the encampment. justice clarence thomas twice visited the bohemian club, according to financial disclosure forms, although it is unclear whether he is a member.
“we don’t talk about our members and provide information about who our members are or are not,” said matt oggero, a spokesman for the bohemian club.
because of its secretive ways, the bohemian club has been darkly described by conspiracy theorists as a breeding ground for collusion among the elites and by social scientists as a playground for the rich and powerful.
belizean grove members insist that the club was founded for recreation and networking.
ms. stautberg said women looking to succeed have often been shut out of the networks of power and have had to seek nontraditional networks for support. she pointed to a harvard study that said women on wall street developed networks outside their firms because they had trouble cracking the fraternal networks inside their companies.
ms. stautberg, who runs an agency that places women on corporate and charitable boards, came up with the idea for the group while on a scuba-diving trip with her son in belize, the central american nation that gave the club its name.
judge sotomayor joined the group in 2008, on the advice of member mari carmen aponte. judge sotomayor delivered a speech at last year’s peruvian retreat, which was attended by the u.s. ambassador to lima and members of the peruvian government.
members are allowed to invite their spouses, partners and children on an “after-trip” following the annual south american retreat.
mrs. mcentee, who runs an international business consulting firm and was a top commerce department official under president george h.w. bush, said she remembered judge sotomayor being “very bright and very intelligent” and having “a lot of personal and professional insights.”
she said republican lawmakers are only hurting themselves politically by going after judge sotomayor based on her membership in the group.
“if a man applied and wanted to join and he met the criteria, i can’t imagine there’d be any problem,” she said, “which i think is very different from the old exclusionary country clubs.”
mrs. mcentee said that although the women “grovers” connect one another with jobs and board positions, she also has sought out men for these jobs.
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ˈrɛnʧɪŋ ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ koʊl ˈkəntri, ənd ðə koʊl ˈɪndəstri ənd ɪts dɪˈfɛndərz ər ˈbleɪmɪŋ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt fər ˈweɪʤɪŋ ə wɔr ɔn koʊl. səm ˈænəlɪsts seɪ ðɪs wɔr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm æt wərk bɪˈkəz, ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli, ˈnæʧərəl gæs frəm ˈfrækʧərd ʃeɪl ənd ˈpləmətɪŋ kɔsts ər ˈʧipər ðən paʊər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən. bət ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əv koʊl juz ɪz biɪŋ ˈtaɪtənd. tu nu ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl prəˈtɛkʃən ˈeɪʤənsi rulz ər ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə dɪˈspoʊzəl əv boʊθ ˈlɪkwɪd ənd ˈsɑləd weɪsts frəm koʊl kəmˈbəsʧən. ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz wɪl ˈgreɪtli ˈɪnfluəns ðə kɔst ənd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən əv juˈtɪlətiz ənd meɪ fɔrs səm ˈoʊnərz tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd wɪʧ paʊər plænts wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt. ðə dɪˈspoʊzəl əv koʊl kəmˈbəsʧən rɪˈzɪʤuəlz frəm ɪˈlɛktrɪk juˈtɪlətiz (ccr*) rul rikˈwaɪərz juˈtɪləti ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət bərn koʊl tɪ kloʊz ˌɪˈnæktɪv ˌɪmˈpaʊndmənts fər koʊl æʃ ənd dɪˈspoʊz əv ðɛr ˈkɑntɛnts ɪn ə ˈlændˌfɪl ər ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəli juz ðɛm. ðə ˈɛfluənt ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz (ɛlg) rul ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ɔn ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤəz ˈɪntu ˈsərfəs ˈwɔtərz frəm paʊər plænts.
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wrenching change is coming to coal country, and the coal industry and its defenders are blaming the government for waging a war on coal. some analysts say this war is also capitalism at work because, increasingly, natural gas from fractured shale and plummeting renewable-energy costs are cheaper than coal-fired power generation. but regulation of coal use is being tightened. two new environmental protection agency rules are driving changes in the disposal of both liquid and solid wastes from coal combustion. the regulations will greatly influence the cost and operation of coal-burning utilities and may force some owners to decide which power plants will continue to operate.
the disposal of coal combustion residuals from electric utilities (ccr) rule requires utility companies that burn coal to close inactive impoundments for coal ash and dispose of their contents in a landfill or beneficially use them. the effluent limitations guidelines (elg) rule increases regulation on discharges into surface waters from coal-fired power plants.
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ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˈhərəˌkeɪnz pleɪɔf ˈʧænsɪz bit lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs pleɪɔf ɑdz əp tɪ 74 pɔɪnts 34 æd jʊr oʊn lig haʊ ər ðiz ˈnəmbərz ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd? bɪg geɪmz haʊ wi dɪd ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ənd hu wi ʃʊd rut fər təˈdeɪ. ɪkˈspleɪn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ʧæns ɪn pleɪɔfs wɪn ˈstænli kəp prɛz ˈtroʊfi ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə 6 lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs 1 ˈdiˌtrɔɪt 1 ˌməntriˈɔl 8 ˈwɔʃɪŋtən 7 ˈɑtəˌwɑ 2 ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə 5 ˈbəfəˌloʊ 2 kəˈləmbəs 2 ˈpɪtsbərg 5 ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə 4 ˈflɔrɪdə 3 (soʊ) *noʊ ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ nən ə stɑrd ˈnəmbər kʊd bi ɪgˈzæktli 0 ər ʤɪst ˈrɪli smɔl. ðə ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən dɪd nɑt rən lɔŋ ɪˈnəf tɪ noʊ. wət ɪf ˈʧænsɪz beɪst ɔn haʊ wɛl ðə ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˈfɪnɪʃ aʊt ðə ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizən. ɪkˈspleɪn 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ɪf ˈfɪnɪʃ: ʧæns ɪn prɛz dɪˈvɪʒən sid ˈkɑnfərəns sid (ˈwaɪldˌkɑrd reɪs) ˈdəbəlju ɛl ˈoʊˈti pleɪɔfs ˈtroʊfi 2 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 kaʊnt 112 19 0 0 ɪn 0 98 2 111 18 0 1 ɪn noʊ 95 5 176 110 18 1 0 ɪn noʊ 0 92 8 929 109 17 1 1 ɪn noʊ 87 13 108 16 1 2 ɪn noʊ 81 19 0 107 16 2 1 ɪn noʊ 0 72 28 0 106 15 2 2 ɪn noʊ 62 37 1 105 15 3 1 ɪn noʊ 0 51 47 2 0 104 14 3 2 ɪn noʊ 40 55 5 0 0 103 14 4 1 ɪn noʊ 28 61 10 0 0 102 13 4 2 noʊ 18 61 19 2 0 0 101 13 5 1 noʊ 11 57 28 4 0 0 12 4 3 noʊ 10 54 31 5 0 0 100 12 5 2 noʊ 5 44 40 10 1 0 11 4 4 noʊ 5 43 40 10 1 0 99 12 6 1 noʊ 2 32 45 16 4 0 11 5 3 noʊ 2 29 46 19 5 0 98 11 6 2 noʊ 1 19 44 25 11 1 0 10 5 4 noʊ 1 18 44 25 11 1 0 97 11 7 1 noʊ 0 10 38 29 20 3 0 10 6 3 noʊ 0 8 35 29 23 4 0 0 96 10 7 2 noʊ 0 4 26 28 33 8 0 9 6 4 noʊ 0 3 24 27 36 10 0 11 8 0 noʊ 0 5 28 28 32 8 0 95 10 8 1 noʊ 0 2 17 23 42 16 0 0 9 7 3 noʊ 0 1 15 21 43 20 0 0 94 9 8 2 noʊ 0 0 9 14 45 30 1 0 8 7 4 noʊ 0 0 7 12 44 34 1 0 0 93 9 9 1 noʊ 0 4 8 40 44 3 0 0 8 8 3 noʊ 0 3 7 38 48 4 0 0 92 8 9 2 noʊ 0 0 1 3 29 57 9 0 0 7 8 4 noʊ 0 1 3 28 57 9 1 0 91 8 10 1 noʊ 0 1 1 19 61 17 2 0 7 9 3 noʊ 0 0 1 17 61 19 2 0 0 90 7 10 2 noʊ 0 0 0 9 57 28 5 0 0 89 7 11 1 noʊ 0 0 4 46 38 11 1 0 88 6 11 2 noʊ 0 0 1 32 43 20 4 0 87 6 12 1 noʊ 0 0 0 19 41 30 9 1 0 86 5 12 2 noʊ 0 10 33 38 17 2 0 85 5 13 1 noʊ 0 4 22 39 28 6 0 84 4 13 2 aʊt noʊ 1 12 35 38 12 0 83 4 14 1 aʊt noʊ 0 6 25 45 23 1 82 3 14 2 aʊt noʊ 0 2 16 43 34 4 81 3 15 1 aʊt noʊ 1 9 35 46 9 80 2 15 2 aʊt noʊ 0 3 28 52 17 401 79 2 16 1 aʊt noʊ 2 16 61 21 136 78 1 16 2 aʊt noʊ 17 33 50 30 77 1 17 1 aʊt noʊ 67 33 9 76 1 18 0 aʊt noʊ 50 50 2 74 0 19 0 aʊt noʊ 0 15 68 17 0 ˈtoʊtəl: 0 4 15 21 14 21 19 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 roʊ kəmˈbaɪnz ˈməltəpəl lɛs ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈrɛkərdz. fərst raʊnd əˈpoʊnənt wət ɪf fərst raʊnd əˈpoʊnənt beɪst ɔn haʊ wɛl ðə ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˈfɪnɪʃ aʊt ðə ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizən. ɪkˈspleɪn ɪf ˈfɪnɪʃ: ʧæns wɪl pleɪ ɪn fərst raʊnd ˈdəbəlju ɛl ˈoʊˈti wɪn kəp ˈtæmpə beɪ tərˈɑntoʊ ˈbɔstən ˈaɪləndərz ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈpɪtsbərg kəˈləmbəs ˌməntriˈɔl ˈflɔrɪdə ˈbəfəˌloʊ ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ˈreɪnʤərz nu ˈʤərzi ˈdiˌtrɔɪt 112 19 0 0 2 2 3 21 20 20 32 0 0 0 0 111 18 0 1 3 2 2 17 22 20 32 1 1 110 18 1 0 2 2 2 23 22 21 28 0 0 109 17 1 1 2 2 3 22 21 20 28 1 0 0 0 108 16 1 2 2 2 3 24 22 20 26 0 0 0 0 107 16 2 1 0 1 1 4 26 23 21 23 0 0 0 0 0 106 15 2 2 1 1 5 28 24 21 20 0 0 0 0 105 15 3 1 1 1 6 30 24 21 17 0 0 0 0 0 104 14 3 2 0 1 1 8 32 24 21 14 0 0 0 0 0 15 4 0 0 1 1 7 32 24 21 13 0 0 0 0 103 14 4 1 0 1 1 9 34 25 21 10 0 0 0 0 13 3 3 0 1 1 10 34 25 21 10 0 0 0 0 0 102 13 4 2 0 0 0 12 35 25 20 7 0 0 0 0 0 14 5 0 0 0 0 11 35 25 20 7 0 0 0 0 0 12 3 4 0 0 0 13 35 25 19 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 101 13 5 1 0 0 0 14 35 25 20 4 0 0 0 0 0 12 4 3 0 0 0 16 35 25 19 4 0 0 0 0 0 100 12 5 2 1 0 0 19 34 24 19 2 0 0 0 0 0 11 4 4 2 0 0 20 34 24 18 2 0 0 0 0 13 6 0 1 0 0 17 34 24 20 3 0 0 0 0 0 99 12 6 1 4 0 0 22 32 22 18 1 0 0 0 0 11 5 3 5 0 0 24 32 22 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 4 5 6 0 0 25 31 21 16 1 0 0 0 0 0 98 11 6 2 11 0 0 27 28 19 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 4 13 0 0 28 27 18 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 7 0 10 0 0 26 28 19 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 97 11 7 1 20 0 0 28 23 15 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 6 3 22 0 0 28 21 14 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 5 5 26 0 0 27 20 13 9 0 0 0 0 96 10 7 2 33 0 0 25 16 10 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 4 36 0 0 24 14 9 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 8 0 32 0 0 26 17 10 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 10 8 1 42 0 0 20 11 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 7 3 43 0 0 18 9 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 5 45 0 0 16 8 5 3 0 0 0 94 9 8 2 45 0 0 12 6 3 2 0 0 0 0 8 7 4 44 0 0 10 5 3 2 0 0 0 10 9 0 45 0 0 14 6 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 93 9 9 1 40 0 0 7 3 1 1 0 0 8 8 3 39 0 0 6 2 1 1 0 0 0 92 8 9 2 29 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 7 8 4 28 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 91 8 10 1 18 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 90 7 10 2 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 89 7 11 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 88 6 11 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 87 6 12 1 0 0 0 86 5 12 2 0 85 5 13 1 noʊ 0 74 84 noʊ ˈtoʊtəl: pɔɪnts (fʊl skrin) ʧæns wɪl meɪk pleɪɔfs (fʊl skrin) ˈlɑtəri jɛ əv ˈlɪtəl feɪθ, ɔˈrɛdi ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt nɛkst jɪr. hir ər ðə bɪg geɪmz ənd wət ɪfs fər dræft sidz. bɪg geɪmz ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈlɑtəri sid ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə 6 lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs 1 ˈwɔʃɪŋtən 7 ˈɑtəˌwɑ 2 ˈdiˌtrɔɪt 1 ˌməntriˈɔl 8 kəˈləmbəs 2 ˈpɪtsbərg 5 ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ nən wət ɪf 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 ɪf ˈfɪnɪʃ: ʧæns wɪl ˈfɪnɪʃ ˈsizən æt sid ˈdəbəlju ɛl ˈoʊˈti 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 112 19 0 0 0 0 98 2 0 0 111 18 0 1 95 4 1 110 18 1 0 0 91 1 7 1 1 109 17 1 1 86 1 8 2 3 108 16 1 2 79 1 9 3 7 0 0 107 16 2 1 0 70 2 9 5 14 0 0 106 15 2 2 58 4 7 6 24 0 1 0 105 15 3 1 0 44 7 4 6 36 0 1 0 0 104 14 3 2 31 9 2 5 47 0 3 0 2 0 0 103 14 4 1 19 10 1 3 55 1 5 0 5 0 0 102 13 4 2 9 9 0 2 56 3 7 0 12 2 0 0 101 13 5 1 4 7 0 1 49 7 7 0 21 0 4 0 0 12 4 3 3 7 0 1 45 8 7 0 24 0 5 0 0 100 12 5 2 1 4 0 0 32 11 6 0 34 0 10 0 1 0 99 12 6 1 0 2 0 0 20 13 4 0 41 0 16 0 4 0 11 5 3 0 2 0 0 16 13 3 0 42 0 19 0 5 0 98 11 6 2 0 1 0 7 11 1 0 42 0 25 0 11 1 0 10 5 4 0 1 0 6 10 1 0 41 0 27 0 13 1 0 12 7 0 0 1 0 9 11 2 0 43 0 24 0 10 0 1 97 11 7 1 0 0 0 3 8 0 0 37 1 29 0 20 0 3 0 10 6 3 0 0 0 2 7 0 0 34 1 29 0 23 0 4 0 0 96 10 7 2 0 0 1 4 0 0 26 1 27 1 32 0 8 0 9 6 4 0 0 3 0 0 22 1 25 1 36 0 11 0 95 10 8 1 0 0 2 0 0 16 2 21 2 42 0 16 0 0 9 7 3 0 0 1 0 0 13 2 19 2 43 0 20 0 0 94 9 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 7 2 12 3 45 0 31 1 0 8 7 4 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 10 3 44 1 34 1 0 0 10 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 2 13 2 44 0 29 1 0 93 9 9 1 0 0 0 3 1 6 2 39 1 44 3 0 0 8 8 3 0 0 0 2 1 4 2 37 1 48 4 0 0 92 8 9 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 27 2 56 9 0 0 7 8 4 0 1 1 2 1 26 2 57 10 1 0 0 91 8 10 1 0 0 0 0 1 16 3 60 17 2 0 7 9 3 0 0 0 0 1 13 3 60 19 2 0 0 90 7 10 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 3 54 30 6 1 0 0 89 7 11 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 40 39 15 3 0 0 88 6 11 2 0 0 0 1 23 39 26 8 1 0 0 87 6 12 1 0 0 0 0 10 29 34 20 6 1 0 0 86 5 12 2 0 0 3 15 29 30 17 5 1 0 0 85 5 13 1 0 1 5 17 29 28 15 4 1 0 84 4 13 2 0 1 6 18 30 27 13 3 0 0 83 4 14 1 0 2 7 21 31 26 10 2 0 82 3 14 2 0 2 10 25 33 22 7 1 0 81 3 15 1 0 3 13 28 34 18 4 0 0 80 2 15 2 1 3 20 33 28 12 2 0 79 2 16 1 1 5 25 42 21 7 78 1 16 2 7 17 17 37 23 77 1 17 1 44 56 76 1 18 0 50 50 74 0 19 0 1 12 38 37 11 1 0 ˈtoʊtəl: 0 0 2 1 0 0 11 4 2 0 19 1 13 1 20 1 18 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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carolina hurricanes playoff chances beat los angeles 6-1, playoff odds up 2.5 to 74.8% 74 points 34 23-6 add your own league how are these numbers calculated? big games how we did yesterday and who we should root for today. explain tuesday 100.0* chance in playoffs 100.0* win stanley cup 100.0* pres trophy carolina 6 los angeles 1 +4.0 +0.1 detroit 1 montreal 8 -2.0 -0.0 washington 7 ottawa 2 -0.5 philadelphia 5 buffalo 2 +0.4 columbus 2 pittsburgh 5 -0.3 arizona 4 florida 3 (so) *no wednesday none * a starred number could be exactly 0 or just really small. the simulation did not run long enough to know. what if chances based on how well the carolina finish out the regular season. explain 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 if finish: chance in pres division seed conference seed (wildcard race) tp w l - ot playoffs trophy 1a 1b 2 3 wcb wca 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 count 112 19 0 - 0 in 0.1 % 0 98 2 1,094 111 18 0 - 1 in no 95 5 176 110 18 1 - 0 in no 0 92 8 929 * 109 17 1 - 1 in no 87 13 2,901 * 108 16 1 - 2 in no 81 19 0 9,036 * 107 16 2 - 1 in no 0 72 28 0 21,463 * 106 15 2 - 2 in no 62 37 1 48,708 * 105 15 3 - 1 in no 0 51 47 2 0 94,506 * 104 14 3 - 2 in no 40 55 5 0 0 175,185 * 103 14 4 - 1 in no 28 61 10 0 0 285,054 * 102 13 4 - 2 100.0 % no 18 61 19 2 0 0 442,310 * 101 13 5 - 1 100.0 no 11 57 28 4 0 0 316,576 12 4 - 3 100.0 no 10 54 31 5 0 0 302,404 * 100 12 5 - 2 100.0 no 5 44 40 10 1 0 471,270 11 4 - 4 100.0 no 5 43 40 10 1 0 356,684 * 99 12 6 - 1 99.8 no 2 32 45 16 4 0 488,851 11 5 - 3 99.7 no 2 29 46 19 5 0 521,068 * 98 11 6 - 2 99.1 no 1 19 44 25 11 1 0 667,336 10 5 - 4 98.9 no 1 18 44 25 11 1 0 517,103 * 97 11 7 - 1 97.2 no 0 10 38 29 20 3 0 590,836 10 6 - 3 96.2 no 0 8 35 29 23 4 0 0 679,574 * 96 10 7 - 2 91.6 no 0 4 26 28 33 8 0 733,050 9 6 - 4 89.7 no 0 3 24 27 36 10 0 307,906 11 8 - 0 92.2 no 0 5 28 28 32 8 0 270,420 * 95 10 8 - 1 83.5 no 0 2 17 23 42 16 0 0 566,425 9 7 - 3 79.8 no 0 1 15 21 43 20 0 0 681,329 * 94 9 8 - 2 68.5 no 0 0 9 14 45 30 1 0 869,487 * 8 7 - 4 64.1 no 0 0 7 12 44 34 1 0 0 272,777 93 9 9 - 1 52.9 no 0 4 8 40 44 3 0 0 438,772 8 8 - 3 48.1 no 0 3 7 38 48 4 0 0 528,098 * 92 8 9 - 2 34.0 no 0 0 1 3 29 57 9 0 0 438,288 7 8 - 4 32.8 no 0 1 3 28 57 9 1 0 348,060 * 91 8 10 - 1 21.0 no 0 1 1 19 61 17 2 0 271,125 7 9 - 3 17.9 no 0 0 1 17 61 19 2 0 0 318,131 * 90 7 10 - 2 9.6 no 0 0 0 9 57 28 5 0 0 426,152 * 89 7 11 - 1 4.0 no 0 0 4 46 38 11 1 0 284,233 * 88 6 11 - 2 1.4 no 0 0 1 32 43 20 4 0 182,379 * 87 6 12 - 1 0.4 no 0 0 0 19 41 30 9 1 0 106,380 * 86 5 12 - 2 0.1 no 0 10 33 38 17 2 0 60,425 * 85 5 13 - 1 0.0 no 0 4 22 39 28 6 0 31,175 * 84 4 13 - 2 out no 1 12 35 38 12 0 15,269 * 83 4 14 - 1 out no 0 6 25 45 23 1 6,831 * 82 3 14 - 2 out no 0 2 16 43 34 4 2,874 * 81 3 15 - 1 out no 1 9 35 46 9 1,066 * 80 2 15 - 2 out no 0 3 28 52 17 401 * 79 2 16 - 1 out no 2 16 61 21 136 * 78 1 16 - 2 out no 17 33 50 30 * 77 1 17 - 1 out no 67 33 9 * 76 1 18 - 0 out no 50 50 2 74 0 19 - 0 out no 0 15 68 17 0 1,054 total: 74.8 % 0.0 % 0 4 15 21 14 21 19 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 13,155,348 * row combines multiple less frequent records. first round opponent what if first round opponent based on how well the carolina finish out the regular season. explain if finish: chance will play in first round tp w l - ot win cup tampa bay toronto boston ny islanders washington pittsburgh columbus montreal florida buffalo philadelphia ny rangers new jersey detroit 112 19 0 - 0 2.9 % 2 2 3 21 20 20 32 0 0 0 0 111 18 0 - 1 3.4 3 2 2 17 22 20 32 1 1 110 18 1 - 0 4.2 2 2 2 23 22 21 28 0 0 109 17 1 - 1 3.5 2 2 3 22 21 20 28 1 0 0 0 108 16 1 - 2 3.6 2 2 3 24 22 20 26 0 0 0 0 107 16 2 - 1 3.4 0 1 1 4 26 23 21 23 0 0 0 0 0 106 15 2 - 2 3.3 1 1 5 28 24 21 20 0 0 0 0 105 15 3 - 1 3.2 1 1 6 30 24 21 17 0 0 0 0 0 104 14 3 - 2 3.2 0 1 1 8 32 24 21 14 0 0 0 0 0 15 4 - 0 3.2 0 1 1 7 32 24 21 13 0 0 0 0 103 14 4 - 1 3.2 0 1 1 9 34 25 21 10 0 0 0 0 13 3 - 3 3.1 0 1 1 10 34 25 21 10 0 0 0 0 0 102 13 4 - 2 3.0 0 0 0 12 35 25 20 7 0 0 0 0 0 14 5 - 0 3.1 0 0 0 11 35 25 20 7 0 0 0 0 0 12 3 - 4 3.0 0 0 0 13 35 25 19 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 101 13 5 - 1 3.0 0 0 0 14 35 25 20 4 0 0 0 0 0 12 4 - 3 2.9 0 0 0 16 35 25 19 4 0 0 0 0 0 100 12 5 - 2 2.8 1 0 0 19 34 24 19 2 0 0 0 0 0 11 4 - 4 2.8 2 0 0 20 34 24 18 2 0 0 0 0 13 6 - 0 2.9 1 0 0 17 34 24 20 3 0 0 0 0 0 99 12 6 - 1 2.7 4 0 0 22 32 22 18 1 0 0 0 0 11 5 - 3 2.7 5 0 0 24 32 22 17 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 4 - 5 2.7 6 0 0 25 31 21 16 1 0 0 0 0 0 98 11 6 - 2 2.6 11 0 0 27 28 19 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 - 4 2.6 13 0 0 28 27 18 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 7 - 0 2.7 10 0 0 26 28 19 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 97 11 7 - 1 2.4 20 0 0 28 23 15 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 6 - 3 2.4 22 0 0 28 21 14 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 5 - 5 2.3 26 0 0 27 20 13 9 0 0 0 0 96 10 7 - 2 2.1 33 0 0 25 16 10 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 6 - 4 2.0 36 0 0 24 14 9 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 8 - 0 2.2 32 0 0 26 17 10 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 10 8 - 1 1.8 42 0 0 20 11 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 7 - 3 1.7 43 0 0 18 9 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 - 5 1.6 45 0 0 16 8 5 3 0 0 0 94 9 8 - 2 1.4 45 0 0 12 6 3 2 0 0 0 0 8 7 - 4 1.3 44 0 0 10 5 3 2 0 0 0 10 9 - 0 1.5 45 0 0 14 6 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 93 9 9 - 1 1.0 40 0 0 7 3 1 1 0 0 8 8 - 3 0.9 39 0 0 6 2 1 1 0 0 0 92 8 9 - 2 0.6 29 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 7 8 - 4 0.6 28 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 91 8 10 - 1 0.3 18 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 90 7 10 - 2 0.2 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 89 7 11 - 1 0.1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 88 6 11 - 2 0.0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 87 6 12 - 1 0.0 0 0 0 86 5 12 - 2 0.0 0 85 5 13 - 1 no 0 74 -84 no total: 1.9 % 20.5 0.1 0.1 15.6 16.9 11.4 8.8 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 points (full screen) chance will make playoffs (full screen) lottery ye of little faith, already thinking about next year. here are the big games and what ifs for draft seeds. big games tuesday 100.0* lottery seed carolina 6 los angeles 1 -0.4 washington 7 ottawa 2 +0.1 detroit 1 montreal 8 +0.1 columbus 2 pittsburgh 5 -0.0 wednesday none what if 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 if finish: chance will finish season at seed tp w l - ot 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 112 19 0 - 0 0 0 98 2 0 0 111 18 0 - 1 95 4 1 110 18 1 - 0 0 91 1 7 1 1 109 17 1 - 1 86 1 8 2 3 108 16 1 - 2 79 1 9 3 7 0 0 107 16 2 - 1 0 70 2 9 5 14 0 0 106 15 2 - 2 58 4 7 6 24 0 1 0 105 15 3 - 1 0 44 7 4 6 36 0 1 0 0 104 14 3 - 2 31 9 2 5 47 0 3 0 2 0 0 103 14 4 - 1 19 10 1 3 55 1 5 0 5 0 0 102 13 4 - 2 9 9 0 2 56 3 7 0 12 2 0 0 101 13 5 - 1 4 7 0 1 49 7 7 0 21 0 4 0 0 12 4 - 3 3 7 0 1 45 8 7 0 24 0 5 0 0 100 12 5 - 2 1 4 0 0 32 11 6 0 34 0 10 0 1 0 99 12 6 - 1 0 2 0 0 20 13 4 0 41 0 16 0 4 0 11 5 - 3 0 2 0 0 16 13 3 0 42 0 19 0 5 0 98 11 6 - 2 0 1 0 7 11 1 0 42 0 25 0 11 1 0 10 5 - 4 0 1 0 6 10 1 0 41 0 27 0 13 1 0 12 7 - 0 0 1 0 9 11 2 0 43 0 24 0 10 0 1 97 11 7 - 1 0 0 0 3 8 0 0 37 1 29 0 20 0 3 0 10 6 - 3 0 0 0 2 7 0 0 34 1 29 0 23 0 4 0 0 96 10 7 - 2 0 0 1 4 0 0 26 1 27 1 32 0 8 0 9 6 - 4 0 0 3 0 0 22 1 25 1 36 0 11 0 95 10 8 - 1 0 0 2 0 0 16 2 21 2 42 0 16 0 0 9 7 - 3 0 0 1 0 0 13 2 19 2 43 0 20 0 0 94 9 8 - 2 0 0 0 0 0 7 2 12 3 45 0 31 1 0 8 7 - 4 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 10 3 44 1 34 1 0 0 10 9 - 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 2 13 2 44 0 29 1 0 93 9 9 - 1 0 0 0 3 1 6 2 39 1 44 3 0 0 8 8 - 3 0 0 0 2 1 4 2 37 1 48 4 0 0 92 8 9 - 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 27 2 56 9 0 0 7 8 - 4 0 1 1 2 1 26 2 57 10 1 0 0 91 8 10 - 1 0 0 0 0 1 16 3 60 17 2 0 7 9 - 3 0 0 0 0 1 13 3 60 19 2 0 0 90 7 10 - 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 3 54 30 6 1 0 0 89 7 11 - 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 40 39 15 3 0 0 88 6 11 - 2 0 0 0 1 23 39 26 8 1 0 0 87 6 12 - 1 0 0 0 0 10 29 34 20 6 1 0 0 86 5 12 - 2 0 0 3 15 29 30 17 5 1 0 0 85 5 13 - 1 0 1 5 17 29 28 15 4 1 0 84 4 13 - 2 0 1 6 18 30 27 13 3 0 0 83 4 14 - 1 0 2 7 21 31 26 10 2 0 82 3 14 - 2 0 2 10 25 33 22 7 1 0 81 3 15 - 1 0 3 13 28 34 18 4 0 0 80 2 15 - 2 1 3 20 33 28 12 2 0 79 2 16 - 1 1 5 25 42 21 7 78 1 16 - 2 7 17 17 37 23 77 1 17 - 1 44 56 76 1 18 - 0 50 50 74 0 19 - 0 1 12 38 37 11 1 0 total: 0 0 2 1 0 0 11 4 2 0 19 1 13 1 20 1 18 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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today’s* gɛst ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz ðə ˈsɛkənd wən ˈfiʧərd baɪ ˈrɑbərt ə. ˈnɛri jr*. əv ˈreɪnʤər geɪmz ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ. hɪz fərst, kən ən ˈənjən blid?, lʊkt æt ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ. ðɪs əˈbaʊt ˈaɪtəmz wɪθ backstories*. θæŋks, ˈrɑbərt! ˈmɑrtɪn ˈaɪtəmz kən bi ˈgɪvɪn ə ənd ə ˈlɛvəl əv ˈditeɪl məʧ laɪk ə ˈkɛrɪktər (npc*), ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðɛr roʊl wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈnɛrətɪv (wɪʧ ɪz ˈdɪfərənt frəm ˈnɛrətɪvz ɪn ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl sɛns ɛz ðə ‘‘beats’*’ əv ðə ˈstɔri tɛnd tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ə taɪp ˈpætərn, haɪ pɔɪnts əv ðɛn ˈdrɑpɪŋ bæk tɪ ˈnɔrməlsi ər ˈsɪŋkɪŋ tɪ ə loʊ pɔɪnt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə nɛkst raɪz) ənd ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛm bɪɔnd ðɛr roʊlz ɛz ˈsɪmpəl spɔɪlz əv ədˈvɛnʧər ər ə məˈtɪriəl rɪˈwɔrd. ˈædɪŋ ˈditeɪlz ənd ə ˈhɪstəri tɪ ˈɛni ˈaɪtəm əˈspɛʃəli wən mɛnt fər ə ˈpiˈsi tɪ pɪk əp kən hɛlp kip ˈsərtən pleɪərz ɔn træk ɪf ðə raɪt kluz ənd ˈɪnsədənts ər drɑpt rɪˈleɪtɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈaɪtəm, æd ˈfleɪvər ənd ˈditeɪl tɪ ðə geɪm ˈsɛtɪŋ, ənd æd səm ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃən tɪ ˈfɛrli streɪt ˈfɔrwərd kæmˈpeɪnz. ðiz ˈspɛʃəli dɪˈzaɪnd ˈaɪtəmz ər nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈtrɛʒər bət ˈtaɪni bɪts əv ðə geɪm wərld ˈkəstəm ˈpækɪʤd fər ðə pleɪərz tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr. tɪ bi klɪr, ðiz ər nɑt macguffins*. ðiz ˈspɛʃəli dɪˈzaɪnd ˈaɪtəmz ʃʊd sərv tɪ ɪnˈrɪʧ ə kæmˈpeɪn. ðeɪ ər nɑt mɛnt tɪ sərv ɛz ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈfoʊkɪs əv ə kæmˈpeɪn ər prəˈvaɪd ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən fər ðə grup tɪ goʊ ɔn ə spɪˈsɪfɪk kwɛst ðət wɪl kəmˈpraɪz ðə meɪn ˈbɑdi əv ðə kæmˈpeɪn. ðeɪ ər mɛnt ˌhaʊˈɛvər, tɪ rən ðə lɛŋθ əv ðə kæmˈpeɪn əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ðɛr ˈhoʊpfəli ˈædɪŋ ə ˈrɪʧnəs əv ˈditeɪl tɪ ə geɪm. ɪn ə weɪ ðeɪ ˈɔrnəmənt ə ˈlɔŋˈtərm kæmˈpeɪn ənd prəˈvaɪd ðə wɪθ ˈfɑdər. ˈspɛʃəli dɪˈteɪld ˈaɪtəmz, ðoʊz wɪθ kən lɛd tɪ mɔr ədˈvɛnʧər hʊks (wɪʧ ˈhæpən æt ðə loʊ pɔɪnts əv ðə kərv ənd lɛd tɪ ðə haɪz) ər ən ədˈvɛnʧər wɪˈθɪn ən ədˈvɛnʧər ər gəˈlɔr ðət brænʧ ɔf əv ðə meɪn ˈfoʊkɪs əv ðə kæmˈpeɪn bi ˌɪntərtˈwaɪnd wɪˈθɪn ɪt. ɪt ɪz əˈnəðər θrɛd tɪ wiv ˈɪntu ðə ˈfæbrɪk əv ðə game-world*. fər ˈɪnstəns teɪk ə ˈvɛri ˈkɑmən bət ˈɔlsoʊ məʧ dɪˈzaɪərd ˈaɪtəm faʊnd ɪn ˈɛni ˈfænəsi kæmˈpeɪn, ə sɔrd. ˈɛni sɔrd, ˈæftər ə ˈmɔrbəd ˈfæʃən, kən gɪv (ər ˈrəðər kɑrv) ˈsəmˌbɑdi ə rɛd smaɪl ˈprɪti məʧ ˈɛniˌwɛr ɔn ðɛr ˈbɑdi bət ðə tru ˈvælju əv ə juˈnik ˈaɪtəm wɪθ ə kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ˈhɪstəri ənd ən ˌənfʊlˈfɪld ˈdɛstəni ɪz ə bun tɪ ðə. ʃʊd meɪk ən ˈɛfərt tɪ raɪt əp ˈspɛʃəli dɪˈzaɪnd ˈaɪtəmz wɪʧ ðə pleɪərz kən dɪˈskəvər, kwɛst fər, wɪn, ər lut ɪn ðə ˈnɔrməl kɔrs əv ə kæmˈpeɪn. ɪt dɪz nɑt hæv tɪ bi ˈmæʤɪkəl ər hæv ˈspɛʃəl paʊərz bət ɪf ðət ɪz ðə ˈkɛrət ˈɔntu wɪʧ jʊr pleɪərz wɪl baɪt ðɛn baɪ ɔl minz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈaɪtəm nidz tɪ bi ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈvɪʒwəli (ˈminɪŋ descriptively*) ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ æt list wən əv ðə pleɪərz ˈsərvɪŋ ɛz ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl hʊk. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ hərt tɪ traɪ ənd ˈteɪlər ðə ˈaɪtəm fər spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈkɛrɪktərz əv ə grup tɪ pɪk əp ənd juz ɛz wɛl traɪɪŋ tɪ əˈtrækt ðə əˈtɛnʃən. fər ən ɪgˈzæmpəl juz ə ʧaɪˈniz daʊ wɪθ ɪts lɔŋ ˈtæsəl æt ðə ˈpɑməl ənd brɔd, ˈhɛvi bleɪd. ðə sɔrd ˈhæŋɪŋ ɔn ðə fɑr wɔl ðət wɑz ˈkəvərd ɪn ə ˈdəsti ʃit əv ˈkɑbˌwɛbz ɪz ə daʊ əv ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli haɪ kˈwɑləti. ju kən meɪk aʊt ðə glɪnt əv goʊld, ˈsɪlvər, ənd ðə ˈglɪtər əv ʤɛmz ɛz wɛl ɛz ə streɪnʤ feɪnt ˈflɪkərɪŋ ɛz əv fleɪm frəm ˌəndərˈniθ ðə wɛbz ənd æt list ˈsɛnʧəri əv fɪlθ. ðɛr ər ə fju ˈmɛθədz tɪ snæg ðə pleɪərz wɪʧ ər ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðoʊz juzd ɪn ˈraɪtɪŋ ədˈvɛnʧər hʊks. ˈbeɪsɪkli ju hæv tɪ æsk ˈjɔrsɛlf ðiz tu kˈwɛsʧənz: wət taɪp əv ər ðeɪ ər hæv bɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ fər, ɪz ɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ ðeɪ kən pɪk əp ənd juz bət kən ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈsplɔr ɪts ˈjuzɪz (ˌɪˈmiˌdiət beɪt), səʧ ɛz ə ˈwɛpən wɪθ ˈsərtən ˈspɛʃəl ˈfiʧərz ðət meɪk ɪt ə mɔr ˌfɔrˈmɪdəbəl ˈwɛpən ɪn ˈkɑmbæt wɪn wən lərnz tɪ juz ðoʊz ˈfiʧərz? əv kɔrs ðɪs læst ˈæˌspɛkt wʊd rɛst ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪnˈtaɪərli ɔn ðə ˈsɪstəm wɪˈθɪn wɪʧ ˈwərkɪŋ ənd ɪts ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti. ðɪs brɪŋz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ðə ““bling.”*.” ðə biɪŋ ðə ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈditeɪlz wɪʧ nɑt ˈoʊnli mɑrk ðə ˈaɪtəm ɛz one-of-a-kind*, bət ər ðə ˈflæʃi pɑrt əv ðə dɪˈskrɪpʃən wɪθ ðə soʊl ˈpərpəs ɪn əˈtræktɪŋ ðə əˈtɛnʃən əv ðə player(s*) ˈbeɪsɪkli ðə ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈditeɪlz wɪʧ wɪl tɛmpt ðɛm. stɑrt wɪθ ðə meɪn ˈditeɪlz səʧ ɛz wət material(s*) ɪz ɪt meɪd əv? ɪz ðɪs məˈtɪriəl ər ɪgˈzɑtɪk ɪn səm weɪ? ər ðɛr ʤɛmz ənd wət kaɪnz, ənd haʊ ər ðeɪ kət? ər ðɛr ɪnˈgreɪvɪŋz ər inlays*? ɪz ðə ɪnˈgreɪvɪŋ ə ˈmɛsɪʤ əv səm sɔrt? kən ðə pleɪərz rɛd ɪt ər du ðeɪ nid ən ˌɪnˈtərprətər? wət ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ɪz ɪt ɪn? ɪz ɪt ˈmæʤɪkəl skrɪpt ər elvish*? ðə ˈhændəl ˈræpɪŋ meɪd əv? du ðə məˈtɪriəlz, dɪˈzaɪn, ər meɪk gɪv hɪnts ɛz tɪ ɪts ˈɔrəʤən? ðə daʊ bleɪd ɪz meɪd əv ˈsɪlvər ənd ðə gɑrd ənd ˈpɑməl goʊld wɪθ ðə ɪnˈgreɪvɪŋ əv ˈpætərnz rɪˈzɛmbəlɪŋ fleɪmz. ðɛr ər ˈkɛrɪktərz, ðeɪ əˈpɪr tɪ bi ɪn ən ɑrˈkeɪɪk ˈnɔrðərn ˈdaɪəˌlɛkt, əˈlɔŋ ðə bleɪd ər ˈɪnˌleɪd wɪθ ˈplætənəm ənd ðɛr ər ˈɔltərˌneɪtɪŋ ʤeɪd ʤɛmz, ˈrubiz, ənd dip blu ˈsæfaɪərz ɔl kət ɛn cabochon*. ðə ˈtæsəl ðət ɪkˈstɛndz frəm ðə ˈgoʊldən ˈpɑməl ɪz faɪər sɪlk ənd ðɛr ɪz ə lɑrʤ dɑrk rɛd æt ðə beɪs əv ðə bleɪd wɪʧ gloʊz wɪθ ɪts oʊn ˈflɪkərɪŋ flame-light*. ðə grɪp ɪz ræpt ɪn ðə smuð skɪn əv ə məˈtælɪk blu. ðiz ˈditeɪlz ʃʊd mɑrk ɪt aʊt frəm ðə rɛst əv ðə ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz meɪ hæv kəm əˈpɑn əp tɪ ðɪs pɔɪnt əv ðə geɪm ənd rɪˈmeɪn æt list ˈsəmˈwət juˈnik θruaʊt ə kæmˈpeɪn. ˈsərtən ˈditeɪlz ʃʊd bi ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd ɪkˈsklusɪvli fər ðə ˈaɪtəm beɪst ɔn ɪts ˈhɪstəri ər kɔrs wɪn ɪn daʊt juz ən ɪnˈgreɪvɪŋ ˈbɛrɪŋ ə neɪm ər seɪɪŋ. ˈæftər ˈædɪŋ ðə ˈditeɪlz wɪθ æt list wən ˈmɑrkɪŋ ɪt juˈnik, ə brif ˈhɪstəri ər ɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ ðə ˈaɪtəm. ðiz ɪkˈsklusɪv ˈditeɪlz kən kəmˈpraɪz əv ˈbætəl skɑrz ðət hæv əˈtæʧt ˈstɔri, ˈpərsɪnəl ɑrmz, makers’*’ mɑrks, ər ˌdɛkərˈeɪʃənz ðət pleɪ tɪ ə ˈsərtən θim. ɛz wɪθ ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl əˈpɪrəns əv ən ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ʃeɪp ənd kənˈdɪʃən əˈfɛkts ðə pərˈsɛpʃən əv ˈɛni pərˈsivd ər əˈplaɪd ““personality”*”. ˈvɪzəbəl ˌɪmpərˈfɛkʃənz ɪn ðə ˈaɪtəm ˈlɛfˌtoʊvər frəm ðə hænd ər ə ˈdifɛkt ɪn ðə beɪs məˈtɪriəl ˌɪtˈsɛlf wɪl mɑrk ðə ˈaɪtəm ɛz juˈnik ənd meɪ, ənd ˈhoʊpfəli wɪl, kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə. ðə bleɪd əv ðə sɔrd ʃoʊz ə dip nɪk, ən oʊld frəm ən əˈspɛʃəli ˈpaʊərfəl bloʊ. ðɛr ɪz ə pæʧ əv ˈvɛri peɪl skeɪlz əˈməŋ sɔft skeɪlz ɔn ðə grɪp. ðə ˈfɪʃərˌmæn æst əˈbaʊt ðə skɪn ɔn ðə ˈhændəl ˈmɛnʃənz ən oʊld jɑrn əˈbaʊt ə ˈvɪʃəs ˈnɪkˌneɪmd scar’*’ du tɪ ðə ˈpæʧɪz hir ənd ðɛr ɔn ɪts haɪd frəm ðə hɑrˈpunz əv dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ˈseɪlərz. wɪn ˈraɪtɪŋ ðə ju ʃʊd noʊ wət əˈbɪləˌtiz ər ˈrisɔrsɪz ðə grup həz tɪ proʊb ðə əv ðə ˈaɪtəm. ˈsaɪkɪks ənd wɪθ ˈsərtən ər kən hɛlp baɪ ˈkæʧɪŋ ˈtɛmptɪŋ ˈglɪmpsɪz, bɪts əv ˈdaɪəˌlɔg ənd ˈəðər ˈsərtən kluz əˈbaʊt hu meɪd ɪt, oʊnd ɪt, wɛr ɪt həz bɪn, ənd ɪts juˈnik ˈhɪstəri. ˈɔltərnətli ɪf traɪɪŋ tɪ hoʊld bæk ˈsərtən ˈditeɪlz ðiz taɪps əv əˈbɪləˌtiz meɪ ruɪn ðə ənd spɪl ðə hoʊl ˈstɔri aʊt ɔl æt wəns. ðɪs ɪz wɪn ɪt peɪz tɪ bi ˈsətəl ənd tɪ hoʊn ðə ˈfəʤɪŋ skɪlz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə rulz ˈgəvərnɪŋ ðiz paʊərz tɪ jʊr ædˈvæntɪʤ. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪv əˈbɪləˌtiz ər ˈsərtənli ˈsutɪd tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ðɪs taɪp əv gm-device*. ˈjuzɪŋ saɪəns læb skɪlz tɪ ˈgæðər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈælkəmi ɪn ˈfænəsi ˈsɛtɪŋz ɪn ə moʊd ɪz jɛt əˈnəðər dɪˈmɛnʃən ə nidz tɪ kip əˈbrɛst əv əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ə ˈmɑdərn ˈsɛtɪŋ. du nɑt ˈdɪskaʊnt ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈrisərʧ ˈiðər wɪʧ əˈlaʊz ðə tɪ kriˈeɪt ækˈsɛsəriz tɪ ðə ˈaɪtəm wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ wərks ðət kəˈlɛkt lɔr ər ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈlɛʤəndz ənd ˈivɪn gaɪdz nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ˈkɛrɪktərz ðɛmˈsɛlvz hu ər ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə moʊst ɪkˈwɪpt (ˌbiˈsaɪdz ˈsərtən ˈsaɪkɪks) tɪ dɛlv ˈɪntu səʧ ˈæˌspɛkts əv ə kæmˈpeɪn. ðiz taɪps əv ˈkɛrɪktərz ənd skɪlz ər ɔˈrɛdi, ər ʃʊd bi ˈɛniˌweɪ, ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ənd wɪl meɪk ɪt ˈiziər fər ðə pleɪərz tɪ dɪg ˈɪntu ðə. ðə wɪl kənˈsɪst əv ðiz fju ˈbeɪsɪk pɔɪnts: wɛr wɑz ɪt meɪd, hu meɪd ɪt, ənd hu læst oʊnd ɪt ər hu wɑz ðə moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri? pɪk aʊt ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ɪn ðə ðət ˈmætər ðə moʊst ɪn geɪm tərmz. ðɪs kən bi ðə ˈkræftsmən, ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈoʊnər, ðə læst ˈoʊnər, ər ðə wən hu stoʊl ɪt. ˈbeɪsɪkli ˈoʊnli wən tɪ tu ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ ˈrɪli kriˈeɪt ɛz rəf ˈkɛrɪktər ˈaʊˌtlaɪnz ˈəðərz kən bi fɪld ɪn wɪθ ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈditeɪlz. ɪn ðə du nɑt ˌrikˈwaɪər fʊl geɪm stæts bət nid ˈoʊnli tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt ˌɪmˈprɛʃənz tɪ ðə pleɪərz. noʊt ðət ðə meɪn ˈkɛrɪktərz fɔrm ðə wɪl hæv neɪmz ənd ðoʊz neɪmz meɪ bi ˌrɛkəgˈnaɪzəbəl. wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ðiz taɪps əv ˈspɛʃəl ˈaɪtəmz ðə həz tɪ əˈgɛn æsk ðɛmˈsɛlvz ə fju kˈwɛsʧənz tɪ hɛlp gɪt ðə kriˈeɪtɪv ˈʤusɪz floʊɪŋ. haʊ ˌrɛkəgˈnaɪzəbəl ɪz ðə ˈaɪtəm ˌɪtˈsɛlf, dɪz ɪt hæv ə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən, dɪd ðə əv ðə ˈaɪtəm hæv ə rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv ər ɪz ðɛr ə ər ˈstɔri ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪŋ əraʊnd ðɛm ənd ðəs ðə ˈaɪtəm? dɪz ðə ˈaɪtəm hæv ə neɪm ˌɪtˈsɛlf? ðiz meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ bi kˈwɛsʧənz ðə meɪ bi ˈæskɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz, soʊ ju ʃʊd hæv ˈænsərz ˈrɛdi ˈtɪpɪkəli θru ðə maʊθ əv. ðə bleɪd kʊd hæv bɪn fɔrʤd ˈsəmˌwɛr tɪ ðə saʊθ wɛr ðə haɪ greɪd ˈsɪlvər juzd fər ðə bleɪd ɪz rɪˈfaɪnd frəm lɛd ənd wɛr ðə skɪlz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ kræft səʧ ə bleɪd ər nɑt rɛr. ðɛr ɪz ə ˈrumərd ˈvɪlɪʤ ɪn ə rɪˈmoʊt ˈɛriə əv ðət ˈriʤən wɛr ðə ðət ˈproʊdus ðə ɪkˈstrimli rɛr ər ˈrumərd tɪ bi reɪzd bət noʊ wən həz sin ˈnuli spən ɪn məˈlɛniə. ðə nɛkst stɛp ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ““bling”*” ʤaɪv wɪθ ðə ˈhɪstəri ˈrɪtən ˈtərnɪŋ ðə ˈditeɪlz ˈɪntu kluz. fərst, meɪk ʃʊr ðə əˈtæʧt ˈbækˌgraʊnd, ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈditeɪlz, beɪs məˈtɪriəlz, ənd ˈʤɛnərəl goʊ təˈgɛðər tɪ pʊt ðə ˈstɔri əv ðə ˈaɪtəm ˈfɔrwərd ðɪs dɪz nɑt min, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ɔl əv ðə ˈditeɪlz nid tɪ mæʧ ər ˌkɔrəˈspɑnd ɪn səm weɪ ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ juz ðɛm tɪ pʊt ˈfɔrwərd ə ˈtɛlɪŋ ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkʃən bɪtˈwin ˈditeɪlz ər juz ðɛm ɛz ə dɪˈvaɪs ˈpʊtɪŋ tɪ ðə pleɪərz hu dɪˈsaɪfər ðɛm ə ˈpɛrəˌdɑks. ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈditeɪlz ɪn ðɪs ˈmænər kən sərv tɪ pərk əp ðə players’*’ ˌkjʊriˈɑsəti ər hɛlp tɪ koʊks ðɛm əˈlɔŋ ðə pæθ ðə ˈaɪtəm rɪˈvilz tɪ ðɛm. ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz ɔn ðə bleɪd seɪ, tɪ ðə əv ðə south!”*!” ðə skɪn ɪz frəm ən ɪkˈstɪŋkt vərˈaɪəti əv noʊn ɛz ðə ˈsæfaɪər əv ðə nɔrθ siz fɪʃt baɪ ˈɛnərˌpraɪzɪŋ ˈfɪʃərmɪn ənd ðɛr ər ˈkɛrɪktərz ɪnˈgreɪvd əraʊnd ðə ɛʤ əv ðə ˈpɑməl ənd ər ˈbædli wɔrn, ˈvɛri hɑrd tɪ rɛd. ðeɪ ˈmɛnʃən ə neɪm ˈmæstər sneɪk kəˈmændər əv the…*… bət ðə læst ˈkɛrɪktərz ər wɔrn əˈweɪ. ðə ðə kriˈeɪts kən lɛd tɪ ə saɪd kwɛst (i.e*. əˈweɪ frəm ðə meɪn θrəst əv ðə kæmˈpeɪn), rən ə ˈpɛrəˌlɛl kɔrs, ˌɪntərtˈwaɪn wɪθ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri ˈjuʒəwəli ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ æt ə ˈsərtən pɔɪnt, ər ˈɛni ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ðə θri. ˈɪntərtˌwaɪnɪŋ ðə əv ðə ˈaɪtəm wɪθ ðə ˈkɑrənt kæmˈpeɪn dɪˈrɛkʃɪn kən kip ə ˈweɪwərd pleɪər ɪnˈgeɪʤd ˈmərʤɪŋ ðɛr ˈstɔri wɪθ ɪt ənd ðəs ðə kæmˈpeɪn ˈdrægɪŋ ðɛm əˈlɔŋ baɪ ðɛr ˌkjʊriˈɑsəti. ɪt kən ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlp tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ pleɪərz ɪn ə kənˈkərənt ˈstɔri ɪf ðə ˈkɑrənt meɪn plɑt ɪz nɑt ˈkipɪŋ ðɛm hʊkt ənd ðɛn lɛd ðɛm bæk tɪ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri æt ə ˈsərtən pɔɪnt. ˌɪntərˈsɛktɪŋ pɔɪnts wɪθ ðə ˈaɪtəmz ˈstɔri kən bi ˈməltəpəl wɪθ ə ˈlɪtəl ˈtɪdˌbɪt əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðə pleɪərz iʧ taɪm. ən ɪgˈzæmpəl wʊd bi waɪl ˈtrævəlɪŋ saʊθ frəm ə ˈnɔrðərn frənˈtɪr ðə ˈpiˈsiz gɪt ɑd teɪl ər smɔl bɪt əv ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɪʧ ʃɛdz laɪt ɔn ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈæˌspɛkt əv ðə item(s*) iʧ taɪm ðeɪ stɑp ər ɪf ˈæskɪŋ fər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən gɪt ˈpɔɪntɪd ɪn əˈnəðər dɪˈrɛkʃɪn, bət ˈsəmˈwət nɪr loʊˈkeɪʃən bət stɪl ɔf ðə træk əv ðə meɪn ədˈvɛnʧər wɛr ðeɪ meɪ (ər wɪl) faɪnd jɛt əˈnəðər klu. ˈbeɪsɪkli ɛz ðə ˈpiˈsiz ʧeɪs daʊn ðɛr meɪn goʊl ðeɪ wɪl rən ˈɪntu ðə pɔɪnts əv ðə geɪm wɛr ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈaɪtəm ˈfɪgjərz ɪn. ɔn jʊr ɪn ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ ðə rɪˈgeɪlz ju wɪθ ə ˈvɛri oʊld ˈstɔri noʊn ˈwaɪdli ɪn ðɪs ˈriʤən əˈbaʊt ðə jəŋ sən əv rɪʧ ˈmərʧənt huz ˈrɪʧɪz wər sɛd tɪ bi hɛld ɪn ˌənˈkaʊntɪd ʤɛmz səm əv wɪʧ gloʊd wɪθ ən ˈɪnər faɪər əv ðɛr ˈvɛri oʊn. ə bɑrˈbɛrɪk ˈwɔˌrlɔrd dɪˈsɛndɪd frəm ðə ˈmaʊntənz wɪθ hɪz ˈhɔrsmən ənd ˈkɑŋkərd ðə hoʊl əv ðɪs ˈriʤən, ðə jəŋ ˈfæməli wɑz sˈlɔtərd ənd ðɛr ˈrɪʧɪz ˈpɪlfərd. hi ræn tɪ ðə ˈprɑvənsəz əv ðə nɔrθ vaʊɪŋ ˈvɛnʤəns əˈpɑn hɪz return…*… ðə əv ðə ˈaɪtəm kən ɪkˈspænd əˈpɑn ər æd tɪ ðə kæmˈpeɪn wərld ɛz wʊd ə bət ənˈlaɪk ən ɪts ˈditeɪlz ər ˈpæsɪv ɪn ðət ɪt rikˈwaɪərz ðə pleɪərz ənd ðɛr ˈkɛrɪktərz tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðɛm ər hæv ən ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ənd kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt wət ðeɪ noʊ əˈbaʊt ɪt tɪ ðə pleɪərz ənd ðɛr ˈkɛrɪktərz. ˈbeɪsɪkli ɪts ˈædɪd ˈfleɪvər ɪf ˈnəθɪŋ ɛls bət ɪt rikˈwaɪərz ðə pɑrˈtɪsəpənts tɪ ˈæktɪvli ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪt, tɪ teɪst ɪt ɛz ɪt wər. ðɪs ɪz əv kɔrs ˈbɑrɪŋ ˈɛni ˌsupərˈnæʧərəl əˈbɪləˌtiz ðət meɪ grænt ðə ˈaɪtəm ˈeɪʤənsi. ðiz taɪps əv ˈspɛʃəli dɪˈzaɪnd ˈaɪtəmz wɪl æd tɪ ðə fər ðə grup ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk pleɪər huz ˈkɛrɪktər oʊnz ɪt bət ðə ˈlætər ʧɔɪs meɪ ˈeɪljəˌneɪt ðə ˈəðərz ɪn ðə grup wɪʧ ənˈlɛs traɪɪŋ tɪ pɪt ðɛm əˈgɛnst iʧ ˈəðər ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə bɛst aɪˈdiə. ɪn ðɪs keɪs ˈteɪlərɪŋ ðə ˈaɪtəm tɪ ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst ənd juz əv ˈsɪŋgəl pleɪər ənd ðɛr ˈkɛrɪktər ɪz bɛst ənd ˈædɪŋ ɪn ˈaɪtəmz fər ðə rɛst əv ðə grup ʃʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi dən ðoʊ ɔl əv ðɛm ˈprɑbəˌbli bi dən ɔl æt wəns. ɪn fækt, ɪt maɪt bi ˈjusfəl fər ðə fərst ˈaɪtəm tɪ lɛd tɪ ðə nɛkst ənd ðət tɪ əˈnəðər, ˈlɛtɪŋ ðə beɪt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər grup wɪθ iʧ ˈsɪŋgəl ˈaɪtəm prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ə ˈsɪŋgəl pis tɪ ə ˈpəzəl ðət bɛgz ðɛm tɪ sɑlv ɪt ər ə ˈstɔri ðət ðeɪ hɛlp bət wɔnt ðə kənˈkluʒən tɪ. nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə ˈaɪtəmz ʃʊd bi ˈjusfəl fər ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə kluz ənd, ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈnɛvər tɪ fərˈgɛt ðɪs. ˈɔlˌweɪz pleɪ tɪ ðə players’*’ ˈpræktɪkəl saɪd æt ðə seɪm taɪm ˈjuzɪŋ ðɛr grid tɪ hʊk ðɛm ənd ðɛr ˌkjʊriˈɑsəti tɪ prəˈpɛl ðɛm. pleɪərz ənd ðəs ðɛr ˈkɛrɪktərz tɛnd tɪ bɪˈkəm əˈtæʧt tɪ ˈspɛʃəli dɪˈteɪld ˈaɪtəmz məʧ ðə seɪm ɛz ˈfeɪvərɪt ɪf ðə ənd ˈditeɪlz ər ʤɪst raɪt ənd ðeɪ meɪ ˈivɪn feɪs ə hɑrd dɪˈsɪʒən ˈleɪtər ɔn ɪn ˈkipɪŋ ə bɪˈləvəd bət ˈfɛrli mənˈdeɪn ˈaɪtəm ˈoʊvər ən ˈəpˈgreɪd, ə rɛr keɪs əv ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈvælju ˈoʊvər ˌpræktɪˈkæləti. ə ˈaɪtəm kən kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ˈoʊvərˌɔl kˈwɑləti əv ðə geɪm ˈgrænɪd ɪf pleɪərz ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ baɪt ðət ɪz.
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today’s guest article is the second one we’ve featured by robert a. neri jr. of ranger games publishing. his first, can an onion bleed?, looked at engaging npcs. this one’s about items with backstories. thanks, robert! — martin
items can be given a backstory and a level of detail much like a non-player character (npc), increasing their role within the gaming narrative (which is different from narratives in the traditional sense as the ‘beats’ of the story tend to follow a sine-wave type pattern, high points of action/drama then dropping back to normalcy or sinking to a low point before the next rise) and taking them beyond their roles as simple spoils of adventure or a material reward.
adding details and a history to any item especially one meant for a pc to pick up can help keep certain players on track if the right clues and incidents are dropped relating to the item, add flavor and detail to the game setting, and add some complication to fairly straight forward campaigns. these specially designed items are not only treasure but tiny bits of the game world custom packaged for the players to explore.
to be clear, these are not macguffins. these specially designed items should serve to enrich a campaign. they are not meant to serve as the central focus of a campaign or provide motivation for the group to go on a specific quest that will comprise the main body of the campaign. they are meant however, to run the length of the campaign alongside their owners/wielders hopefully adding a richness of detail to a game. in a way they ornament a long-term campaign and provide the gm with fodder.
specially detailed items, those with backstory can lead to more adventure hooks (which happen at the low points of the curve and lead to the highs) or an adventure within an adventure or side-quests galore that branch off of the main focus of the campaign and/or be intertwined within it. it is another thread to weave into the fabric of the game-world. for instance take a very common but also much desired item found in any fantasy campaign, a sword.
any sword, after a morbid fashion, can give (or rather carve) somebody a red smile pretty much anywhere on their body but the true value of a unique item with a compelling history and an as-of-yet unfulfilled destiny is a boon to the gm. gms should make an effort to write up specially designed items which the players can discover, quest for, win, or loot in the normal course of a campaign. it does not have to be magical or have special powers but if that is the carrot onto which your players will bite then by all means.
however, the item needs to be immediately visually (meaning descriptively) interesting to at least one of the players serving as the initial hook. it also doesn’t hurt to try and tailor the item for specific characters of a group to pick up and use as well trying to attract the player’s attention. for an example let’s use a chinese dao with its long tassel at the pommel and broad, heavy machete-like blade.
the sword hanging on the far wall that was covered in a dusty sheet of cobwebs is a dao of a particularly high quality. you can make out the glint of gold, silver, and the glitter of gems as well as a strange faint flickering as of flame from underneath the webs and at least century of filth.
there are a few methods to snag the players which are similar to those used in writing adventure hooks. basically you have to ask yourself these two questions: what type of weapon/item are they or have been looking for, is it something they can pick up and use but can also explore its uses (immediate bait), such as a weapon with certain special features that make it a more formidable weapon in combat when one learns to use those features? of course this last aspect would rest almost entirely on the system within which you’re working and its flexibility.
this brings us to the “bling.” the bling being the visual details which not only mark the item as one-of-a-kind, but are the flashy part of the description with the sole purpose in attracting the attention of the player(s) basically the visual details which will tempt them. start with the main details such as what material(s) is it made of? is this material out-of-the-ordinary or exotic in some way? are there gems and what kinds, and how are they cut? are there engravings or inlays? is the engraving a message of some sort? can the players read it or do they need an interpreter? what language is it in? is it magical script or elvish? what’s the handle wrapping made of? do the materials, design, or make give hints as to its regional/historical origin?
the dao blade is made of silver and the guard and pommel gold with the engraving of patterns resembling flames. there are characters, they appear to be in an archaic northern dialect, along the blade are inlaid with platinum and there are alternating jade gems, rubies, and deep blue sapphires all cut en cabochon. the tassel that extends from the golden pommel is fire silk and there is a large dark red carbuncle at the base of the blade which glows with its own flickering flame-light. the grip is wrapped in the smooth skin of a metallic blue sea-serpent.
these details should mark it out from the rest of the swag the characters may have come upon up to this point of the game and remain at least somewhat unique throughout a campaign. certain details should be invented exclusively for the item based on its history or course when in doubt use an engraving bearing a name or saying. after adding the details with at least one marking it unique, a brief history or backstory is required to finish the item.
these exclusive details can comprise of battle scars that have attached story, personal arms, makers’ marks, or decorations that play to a certain theme. as with the initial appearance of an npc the initial description of the item’s general shape and condition affects the perception of any perceived or applied “personality”. visible imperfections in the item leftover from the craftsman’s hand or a defect in the base material itself will mark the item as unique and may, and hopefully will, contribute to the backstory.
the blade of the sword shows a deep knick, an old battle-wound from an especially powerful blow. there is a patch of very pale scales among soft deep-blue scales on the grip. the fisherman you’ve asked about the skin on the handle mentions off-handedly an old fisherman’s yarn about a vicious sea-serpent nicknamed ‘old scar’ due to the patches here and there on its hide from the harpoons of defending sailors.
when writing the backstory you should know what abilities or resources the group has to probe the backstory of the item. psychics and spell-casters with certain augury or esp-effect spells/powers can help by catching tempting glimpses, bits of dialogue and other certain clues about who made it, owned it, where it has been, and its unique history. alternately if you’re trying to hold back certain details these types of abilities may ruin the clue-chasing and spill the whole story out all at once. this is when it pays to be subtle and to hone the gm fudging skills using the rules governing these powers to your advantage.
investigative abilities are certainly suited to engage this type of gm-device. using science and/or lab skills to gather information including alchemy in fantasy settings in a csi-like mode is yet another dimension a gm needs to keep abreast of especially in a modern setting. do not discount library research either which allows the gm to create accessories to the item when it comes to works that collect lore or document legends and even antiquarian guides not to mention antiquarian-type characters themselves who are probably the most equipped (besides certain psychics) to delve into such aspects of a campaign. these types of characters and skills are already, or should be anyway, motivated to participate and will make it easier for the players to dig into the backstory.
the backstory will consist of these few basic points: where was it made, who made it, and who last owned it or who was the most significant character in the item’s history? pick out the individuals in the backstory that matter the most in game terms. this can be the craftsman, the original owner, the last owner, or the one who stole it. basically only one to two is necessary to really create as rough character outlines others can be filled in on-the-fly with a couple of details. npcs in the backstory do not require full game stats but need only to communicate impressions to the players. note that the main characters form the backstory will have names and those names may be recognizable.
when it comes to these types of special items the gm has to again ask themselves a few questions to help get the creative juices flowing. how recognizable is the item itself, does it have a reputation, did the maker/owner of the item have a rep or is there a folk-tale or story circulating around them and thus the item? does the item have a name itself? these may also be questions the characters/players may be asking themselves, so you should have answers ready typically through the mouth of npc.
the blade could have been forged somewhere to the south where the high grade silver used for the blade is refined from lead and where the skills necessary to craft such a blade are not rare. there is a rumored village in a remote area of that region where the dragon-worms that produce the extremely rare fire-silk are rumored to be raised but no one has seen newly spun fire-silk in millennia.
the next step is making the “bling” jive with the history you’ve written turning the details into clues. first, make sure the attached background npcs, important details, base materials, and general craftwork go together to put the story of the item forward this does not mean, however, that all of the details need to match or correspond in some way you can also use them to put forward a telling contradiction between details or use them as a device putting to the players who decipher them a paradox. using the details in this manner can serve to perk up the players’ curiosity or help to coax them along the path the item reveals to them.
the characters on the blade say, “death to the usurper of the south!” the sea-serpent skin is from an extinct variety of sea-serpent known as the sapphire of the north seas fished by enterprising fishermen and there are characters engraved around the edge of the pommel and are badly worn, very hard to read. they mention a name — master snake commander of the… — but the last characters are worn away.
the backstory the gm creates can lead to a side quest (i.e. away from the main thrust of the campaign), run a parallel course, intertwine with the main story usually joining at a certain point, or any combination of the three. intertwining the backstory of the item with the current campaign direction can keep a wayward player engaged merging their character’s story with it and thus the campaign dragging them along by their curiosity. it can also help to engage players in a concurrent story if the current main plot is not keeping them hooked and then lead them back to the main story at a certain point.
intersecting points with the items story can be multiple with a little tidbit of information given to the players each time. an example would be while traveling south from a northern frontier the pcs get odd tale or small bit of conversation which sheds light on a specific aspect of the item(s) each time they stop or if asking for information get pointed in another direction, but somewhat near location but still off the track of the main adventure where they may (or will) find yet another clue.
basically as the pcs chase down their main goal they will run into the points of the game where the special item figures in.
on your stop-over in the village the village-drunk regales you with a very old story known widely in this region about the young son of rich merchant whose riches were said to be held in uncounted smooth-cut gems some of which glowed with an inner fire of their very own. a barbaric warlord descended from the mountains with his horsemen and conquered the whole of this region, the young man’s family was slaughtered and their riches pilfered. he ran to the provinces of the north vowing vengeance upon his return…
the backstory of the item can expand upon or add to the campaign world as would a well-constructed npc but unlike an npc its details are passive in that it requires the players and their characters to investigate them or have an npc recognize and communicate what they know about it to the players and their characters. basically its added flavor if nothing else but it requires the participants to actively engage it, to taste it as it were. this is of course barring any supernatural abilities that may grant the item agency.
these types of specially designed items will add to the game-text for the group and/or the specific player whose character owns it but the latter choice may alienate the others in the group which unless you’re trying to pit them against each other probably isn’t the best idea. in this case tailoring the item to the interest and use of single player and their character is best and adding in items for the rest of the group should also be done though all of them probably shouldn’t be done all at once.
in fact, it might be useful for the first item to lead to the next and that to another, letting the gm bait the entire group with each single item providing a single piece to a puzzle that begs them to solve it or a story that they can’t help but want the conclusion to. not to mention the items should be useful for the characters in-game outside of the clues and backstory, it is very important never to forget this. always play to the players’ practical side at the same time using their greed to hook them and their curiosity to propel them.
players and thus their characters tend to become attached to specially detailed items much the same as favorite npc’s if the backstory and details are just right and they may even face a hard decision later on in keeping a beloved but fairly mundane item over an upgrade, a rare case of emotional value triumphing over practicality. a well-crafted item can contribute to overall quality of the game granted if you’re players are willing to bite that is.
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ˈfɑrmərz wɪl sun bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ɪmˈplɔɪ ˈroʊˌbəts tɪ əˈtæk wən əv ðɛr moʊst ˈkɔstli ˈprɑbləmz widz. ˈroʊˌbəts ər biɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpt ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli tɪ ˈtækəl ðə ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈprɑbləm əv rɪˈzɪstəns. ˈrisərʧərz æt kˈwinzˌlænd ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv tɛkˈnɑləʤi seɪ ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz lɛs ðən θri jɪrz əˈweɪ frəm ˈhɪtɪŋ kəˈmərʃəl fɑrmz. prəˈfɛsər əv ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ənd saɪəns ˈtrɪˌstæn ˈpɛrɛz sɛd ðə ˈroʊˌbəts kʊd lɛd tɪ ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ʧeɪnʤ ɪn haʊ widz wər ˈmænɪʤd. juz əv ə swɔrm əv smɔl laɪt ˈroʊˌbəts, ðət ˈɔpərˌeɪt æt loʊər spidz ənd hæv ə sut əv dɪˈvaɪsɪz, kʊd lɛd tɪ ə ˈbɛtər ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv agrochemicals,”*,” hi sɛd. ““also*, ðiz ˈroʊˌbəts kʊd ɪˈneɪbəl ðə juz əv wid ˈmænɪʤmənt tɛkˈniks beɪst, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɔn məˈkænɪkəl ənd ˈmaɪkrəˌweɪv ˈprɪnsəpəlz. ˈlætər tɛkˈniks ər groʊɪŋ ɪn ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns ɛz widz ər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ rɪˈzɪstəns tɪ agrochemicals.”*.” ðiz ˈroʊˌbəts kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi juzd fər ˈsidɪŋ ənd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. ðə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən ðət ˈroʊˌbəts hæv brɔt tɪ ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ənd ˈmaɪnɪŋ, wi ɪkˈspɛkt sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən ɪn fˈjuʧər ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl practices,”*,” ˈpɛrɛz sɛd. ɪˈkɑnəmɪst ər ˈkɔlɪŋ ðɪs ðə ˈsɛkənd ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən, wɪʧ ɪz ˈdrɪvən baɪ ˈdætə, ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt məˈʃinz ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ˈnɑvəl operations.”*.” ˈpɛrɛz sɛd hi həz bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ə kəˈmərʃəl ˈpɑrtnər, swɔrm fɑrm ˌroʊˈbɑtɪks, ənd wʊd sun riˈlis ɪts oʊn ˈroʊˌbət ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪp fər wid səˈlɛktɪv spreɪɪŋ. ˈpɛrɛz pərˈzɛnəd ðə ˈleɪtəst ɔn ðə agbot*, ə ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪp ˈlaɪtˈweɪt, gɔlf ˈroʊˌbət dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ kɪl widz æt ðə vɪkˈtɔriən noʊ tɪl ˈkɑnfərəns ˈrisəntli ɪn ˈhɔrʃəm.
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farmers will soon be able to employ robots to attack one of their most costly problems weeds.
robots are being developed particularly to tackle the rising problem of glyphosate resistance.
researchers at queensland university of technology say the technology is less than three years away from hitting commercial farms. professor of electrical engineering and computer science tristan perez said the robots could lead to a significant change in how weeds were managed.
“the use of a swarm of small light robots, that operate at lower speeds and have a suit of sensor-acting devices, could lead to a better application of agrochemicals,” he said.
“also, these robots could enable the use of non-chemical weed management techniques based, for example, on mechanical and microwave principles.
“the latter techniques are growing in importance as weeds are developing resistance to glyphosate agrochemicals.”
these robots could also be used for seeding and fertiliser application.
“given the transformation that robots have brought to manufacturing and mining, we expect significant transformation in future agricultural practices,” prof perez said.
“some economist are calling this the second industrial revolution, which is driven by data, information, and intelligent machines enabling novel operations.”
prof perez said he has been working with a commercial partner, swarm farm robotics, and would soon release its own robot prototype for weed selective spraying.
prof perez presented the latest on the agbot, a prototype lightweight, golf buggy-sized robot designed to kill weeds at the victorian no till conference recently in horsham.
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ðə ˈaʊtˌpoʊst, ðə ˌɪˈnɔgərəl pərˈdəkʃən frəm wən ɔn wən ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ɪz ə ˌwənɔnˈwən θiˈætrɪkəl ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈkræftɪd frəm kriˈeɪtər ˈændru lu ˈpərsɪnəl kəˈlɪʒənz wɪθ saɪəns ənd feɪθ. ˈɔdiəns ˈmɛmbərz ər ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd tɪ ðɪs 15 ˈmɪnət ədˈvɛnʧər ˌriˈkaʊntɪŋ ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri əv ə plænt ðət dɪˈfaɪz ɔl ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈrizən. ðə ˈaʊtˌpoʊst kəmˈbaɪnz nɔˈstælʤɪk ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd ˈskaʊtɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ənd ˈpæʃənət, ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈstɔriˌtɛlɪŋ fər ən ˈɪnɪmət ˈpɔrtrət əv haʊ ɑr lɪvz ˌkoʊɪnˈsaɪd wɪθ ˈneɪʧər. deɪts: meɪ 15 ˈmɪnət ˈpərsɪnəl ˌrɛzərˈveɪʃənz bɪˈgɪn æt ənd ɔn ˈsənˌdi ˈtɪkɪts: 8 ˈʤɛnərəl ədˈmɪʃən, ˈθərzdiz ˈtɪkɪts ɔn seɪl ˈæˌdrɛs: ˈbʊmˌbɑks ˈwɪkər ɛn milwaukeechicago*, ɪl 60622 wən ɔn wən ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ɪz ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊz fərst wən ɔn wən ˈθiətər ˈkəmpəˌni, ˈɔfərɪŋ nu, ˈpərsɪnəl θiˈætrɪkəl ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz. ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ ðə ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈrɪʧnəs ənd ˈpərsɪnəl kəˈnɛkʃən əv ˈθiətər, ðɪs ˈkəmpəˌni pərˈfɔrmz fər wən ˈɔdiəns ˈmɛmbər æt ə taɪm. wən ɔn wən ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ wərks tɪ blər ðə laɪnz bɪtˈwin ˈɔdiəns ənd pərˈfɔrmər ɪn ˈɪntɪmətli sɛt, ˌɪnərˈæktɪv ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz. wən ɔn wən ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ɪz baɪ ˈændru lənd. mɔr ˈɪnfoʊ æt oneononechi.com*. ˈændru lu (ˈkjʊrətər, wən ɔn wən ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ; skaʊt, ðə ˈaʊtˌpoʊst) ɪz ə ənd ohio-bred*, ˈæktər, ˈvoʊkəlɪst, ənd kəˈmidiən. hi həz pərˈfɔrmd əˈkrɔs ðə ˈsɪti wɪθ ˈkəmpəˌniz səʧ ɛz ˈdruri leɪn ˈoʊkˌbrʊk, ˈmərkjəri ˈθieɪtər ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ðə haʊs ˈθiətər əv ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, mˈjuzɪk ˈθieɪtər, 20 ˈθiətər, pərˈdəkʃənz, ənd ˈaɪdəl mjuz ˈθiətər koʊ.. hi ɪz ən ɑnˈsɑmbəl ˈmɛmbər əv ˈθiətər, wɛr hi həz kriˈeɪtɪd ˌwənɔnˈwən ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz fər ˌfɛrˈwɛl maɪ frɛnd ənd (feste)val*. hi ɪz ə ˈgræʤəˌweɪt əv aɪoʊ ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ənd rɪˈsivd hɪz ˌbiˈeɪ frəm keɪs ˈwɛstərn rɪˈzərv ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ɑrts. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈkɛli ʃmɪt rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈɑrtɪkəlz ʃoʊz vju mɔr ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ˈstɔriz mɔr hɑt ˈstɔriz fər ju
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the outpost, the inaugural production from one on one chicago, is a one-on-one theatrical experience crafted from creator andrew lu nd's personal collisions with science and faith. audience members are invited to this 15 minute adventure recounting the discovery of a plant that defies all scientific reason. the outpost combines nostalgic childhood scouting experiences and lund's passionate, physical storytelling for an intimate portrait of how our lives coincide with nature.
dates: may 5-28thursday-monday
15 minute personal reservations begin at 7pm thursday/friday/saturday/monday and 6pm on sunday
tickets: $8 general admission, thursdays pay-what-you-can
tickets on sale now:oneononechi.com/reservations
address: boombox wicker park1262 n milwaukeechicago, il 60622
one on one chicago is chicago's first one on one theatre company, offering new, personal theatrical experiences. exploring the emotional richness and personal connection of theatre, this company performs for one audience member at a time. one on one chicago works to blur the lines between audience and performer in intimately set, interactive experiences. one on one chicago is curated by andrew lund. more info at oneononechi.com.
andrew lu nd (curator, one on one chicago; scout, the outpost) is a chicago-based and ohio-bred, actor, vocalist, and comedian. he has performed across the city with companies such as drury lane oakbrook, mercury theater chicago, the house theatre of chicago, porchlight music theater, 20% theatre, kokandy productions, and idle muse theatre co.. he is an ensemble member of (re)discover theatre, where he has created one-on-one immersive experiences for farewell my friend and (feste)val. he is a graduate of io chicago and received his ba from case western reserve university in biology/theater arts. www.andrew-lund.com
photo credit: kelly schmidt
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ðə ˈfæməli əv leɪt ˈleɪbər ʤoʊ kɑks wɪl mit ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə æt ðə waɪt haʊs təˈdeɪ ɔn ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən əv ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt. kɑks wɑz kɪld ɔn ðə strit ɪn hər kənˈstɪʧuənsi əv ˈbætli ənd ɪn ʤun, ənd hər ˈwɪdoʊər ˈbrɛndən həz təˈdeɪ ˈrɪtən fər ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz seɪɪŋ ðət hi ɪz duɪŋ ɔl hi kən ədˈvæns beliefs”*”. ʤoʊ, hu wɑz ɪˈlɛktɪd tɪ ˈpɑrləmɛnt ɪn 2015 wɑz ə strɔŋ ˈædvəˌkeɪt əv ˈmaɪgrənt ənd ˈrɛfjuʤi raɪts, ənd ə ˈprɑmənənt kæmˈpeɪnər. hər dɛθ ʃɑkt ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈpɑləˌtɪks, wɪθ ˈʤɛrəˌmi ənd ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkæmərən ˈlidɪŋ ˈtrɪbjuts tɪ hər ɪn ðə haʊs əv ˈkɑmənz. ˈraɪtɪŋ fər ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz, ˈbrɛndən kɑks sɪz hi ɪz əˈtɛndɪŋ ˈsəmɪt ɔn prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ðɪs wik. naʊ hi ənd ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə trɪp tɪ ðə waɪt haʊs tɪ mit ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt. θɔt əˈbaʊt wət wi kən du tɪ ədˈvæns beliefs,”*,” hi roʊt. ʃi ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ˈpɑləˌtɪks ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkəntriz, ʃi wɑz ˈnɛvər dɪˈspɑndənt. ʃi nu frəm ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əv ˈæktɪˌvɪzəm ðət moʊst ˈpipəl ər gʊd, ənd ðət ˈjumən ˈɛmpəθi ɪz ə ˈpaʊərfəl fɔrs fər ʧeɪnʤ. ˈmɪʃən, əv ˈbrɪŋɪŋ kəmˈjunɪtiz təˈgɛðər ənd ədˈvænsɪŋ mˈjuʧuəl ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ, ɪz wət naʊ ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn: ɪt ɪz ðə gʊd ðət məst kəm aʊt əv ðə ˈhɔrər. ðɪs wik, aɪ æm əˈtɛndɪŋ ðə ˈsəmɪt ˈmitɪŋ ɔn ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ɪn nu jɔrk, ə ˈɛfərt tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri tɪ ðoʊz ɪn nid ənd tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ðə ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz soʊ ˈɔfən ɪnˈdʊr. ðɪs ˈmitɪŋ ˈkænɑt ʧeɪnʤ ðə wərld ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt, bət aɪ hoʊp ɪt kən ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈəðər ɪˈlɛktɪd əˈfɪʃəlz, ˈmɛni əv hum hæv bɪn tu ˈpæsɪv, tɪ stɛp əp ənd ˈɛmjəˌleɪt ðə leadership.”*.” hi ˈædɪd: wʊd hæv meɪnˈteɪnd hər ˈɑptɪˌmɪzəm dɪˈspaɪt ɔl ðət həz ˈhæpənd. nɑt aʊt əv blaɪnd feɪθ, bət bɪˈkəz ʃi bɪˈlivd ðət wət wi hoʊld ɪn ˈkɑmən ɪz mɔr sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ðən ɑr ˈdɪfərənsɪz. ɪt ɪz ɑr ʤɑb tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz hər vision.”*.” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə tɑm ˈnutən dən, ˌoʊˈbɑmə həz pʊt ˈfɔrwərd ə ˈpərsɪnəl ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən tɪ ðə kɑks ˈfæməli tɪ ˈvɪzɪt ðə waɪt haʊs təˈdeɪ əˈhɛd əv ðə ˈsəmɪt. ˈleɪbər ˈpɑrti ˈmɛmbərz ɪn ˈbætli ənd wɪl mit ˈleɪtər təˈdeɪ tɪ səˈlɛkt ə ˈkænədɪt fər ðə ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 20
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the family of late labour mp jo cox will meet barack obama at the white house today on the personal invitation of the president.
cox was killed on the street in her constituency of batley and spen in june, and her widower brendan has today written for the new york times saying that he is doing all he can “to advance jo’s beliefs”.
jo, who was elected to parliament in 2015, was a strong advocate of migrant and refugee rights, and a prominent pro-eu campaigner. her death shocked british politics, with jeremy corbyn and david cameron leading tributes to her in the house of commons.
writing for the new york times, brendan cox says he is attending obama’s summit on providing refugees in the us this week. now he and their children will also be making a trip to the white house to meet the us president.
“i’ve thought about what we can do to advance jo’s beliefs,” he wrote. “while she worried about the direction of politics in many countries, she was never despondent. she knew from a lifetime of activism that most people are good, and that human empathy is a powerful force for change.
“that mission, of bringing communities together and advancing mutual understanding, is what i’m now focused on: it is the good that must come out of the horror. this week, i am attending the president’s summit meeting on refugees in new york, a much-needed effort to provide sanctuary to those in need and to challenge the demonisation refugees so often endure. this meeting cannot change the world overnight, but i hope it can encourage other elected officials, many of whom have been too passive, to step up and emulate the president’s leadership.”
he added: “jo would have maintained her optimism despite all that has happened. not out of blind faith, but because she believed that what we hold in common is more significant than our differences. it is our job to realise her vision.”
according to the sun‘s tom newton dunn, obama has put forward a personal invitation to the cox family to visit the white house today ahead of the summit.
labour party members in batley and spen will meet later today to select a candidate for the by-election on october 20.
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wət ɪz rso*? rso*, ʃɔrt fər rɪk ˈsɪmpsən ɔɪl, ɪz ə fɔrm əv hæʃ ɔɪl meɪd ˈpɑpjələr baɪ ˈæktɪvɪst rɪk ˈsɪmpsən ənd ɪz ˈwaɪdli ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ɛz ə kəmˈplit, əˈnɔltərd ˈnæʧərəl ˈkænəbəs ɔɪl. rso+go™*™ həz kəmˈbaɪnd ðɪs beɪs wɪθ ən ˈsərtəˌfaɪd fud greɪd ˈprɔˌsɛs tɪ ˈproʊdus ə kəmˈplit ənd ˌθɛrəˈpjutɪk ˈæbsəˌlut ɛˈsɛnʃəl ɔɪl. ðə rɪˈzəlt ɪz ən ɔɪl kənˈteɪnɪŋ boʊθ ˈpoʊlər ənd ˈprɑpərtiz, ˈgɪvɪŋ ju ˈtoʊtəl ɛkˈstrækʃən wɪθ kəmˈplit ˈpjʊrɪti. laɪf kən bi fʊl əv strɛs ənd ˈʧælənʤɪz ɛz wɛl ɛz fən ənd ɪkˈsaɪtmənt. rəˈgɑrdləs əv wət ˈfeɪsɪŋ ɪn jʊr laɪf rso+go™*™ ənd faɪnd jʊr ˈfridəm. kəmˈjunɪti ɪz ɑr ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən ðɛr ər dip ruts bɪˈhaɪnd ɑr ˈpæʃən ɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ðə rso+go™*™ ˈprɑdəkt laɪn. wi noʊ ðət ə dɪˈvərs ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən rikˈwaɪərz ˈɔpʃənz ɪn haʊ ðeɪ meɪnʤ ðɛr hɛlθ, ˈwɛlnəs, ənd ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃən. rso+go™*™ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə kwɛst ənd draɪv tɪ kriˈeɪt wən ˈprɑdəkt ðət sərvz ðə ˈmɛni.
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what is rso?
rso, short for rick simpson oil, is a form of hash oil made popular by activist rick simpson and is widely recognized as a complete, unaltered natural cannabis oil. rso+go™ has combined this base with an nsf certified food grade process to produce a complete and therapeutic absolute essential oil. the result is an oil containing both polar and non-polar properties, giving you total extraction with complete purity.
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haɪd ˈtrænˌskrɪpt ʃoʊ ˈtrænˌskrɪpt jʊr fərst raɪts.>> ˈræmˌpɑrts wid wɔʧ wər soʊ ˈgæləntli streaming♪*♪ ðæts ə ˈtoʊtəl ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛkt ə ˈtoʊtəl ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛkt wi stænd fər. ðə raɪt tɪ dɪˈsɛnt ispatriotic*. ˌʤuliˈænə: ɪts bɪn tu deɪz dəˈbeɪt ˈoʊnli groʊz 10 seɪnts pleɪərz tʊk ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm.>> aɪ fɔt fər ɑr firstrtamendment*, ti raɪt tɪ speec*, soʊ ðeɪ sɛd, haʊ fil əˈbaʊt nɑt ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛktɪŋ mi. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst wɔnt tɪ meɪk səm kaɪnd əv astatement*, ðæts faɪn. ʤɪst doʊnt du ɪt waɪl tɪ bi ˌɛnərˈteɪnd ˈvɛri ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛktfəl. ənd ɪz wət səm ɪˈnəf tɪ ˌɪmˈpækt fæn ənd goʊld ɪz ə ˈriˌteɪlər sɛd ðeɪ ˈhævənt ˈnoʊtɪst ɪn seɪlz, bət sɛd ə ˈvɛri təf taɪm fər hu datnation*.>> ðə ˈpipəl ðət ər mrtad*, sɛd ˌbiˈfɔr, ðeɪ ər heɪt tɪ θɪŋk ðeɪ ər tɪ tərn ɔn ðə heɪt tɪ seɪ ðeɪ du ɪt ər ðɛr right.rtjuliana*: ʤɪst ɛz ðə pleɪərz' raɪts tɪ fərst soʊ tɪ seɪ ðət wi ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɪf ɪz tɪ tərn ɑr ˈsɪstəm əv ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt rɪˈtaɪrd juz. ˈneɪvi ˈɔfɪsər dɪˈklaɪnz əˈwɔrd fər ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən æt seɪnts geɪm du tɪ ˈrisənt ˈproʊˌtɛsts ʃɛr ʃɛrz ˈkɑpi lɪŋk ˈkɑpi ə rɪˈtaɪrd juz. ˈneɪvi ˈɔfɪsər əˈnaʊnst ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðət hi dɪˈklaɪnd ən əˈwɔrd ðət wʊd bi ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ɪm ɪn hɪz ˈɑnər æt ˈsənˌdiz nu ˌɔˈrlinz seɪnts geɪm bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈrisənt ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə ˈnæʃənəl anthem.cmdr*. ʤɑn wɛlz wɑz səˈlɛktɪd fər ə ˈpipəlz hɛlθ ˈʧæmpiən əˈwɔrd, wɪʧ wʊd hæv bɪn pərˈzɛnəd æt ˈsənˌdiz geɪm ɪn ðə ˌsupərˈdoʊm. ðə əˈwɔrd ɪz ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ˈpipəl hu hæv "sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əˈkɑmplɪʃmənts" ənd hæv riʧt "ˈsinjər ˈsɪtɪzən status."wells*, hu ɪz ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈvɛtərənz ˈædvəkəsi ɪn slidell*, sɛd hi dɪˈklaɪnd ðə əˈwɔrd bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi wɪθ ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ənd səm pleɪərz ˈproʊˌtɛstɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈnæʃənəl æm əˈneɪbəl, ɪn gʊd ˈkɑnʃəns, tɪ ˈɛnər ən ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈsteɪdiəm waɪl ðɪs prɪˈveɪlz," wɛlz roʊt tɪ ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz əv ˈpipəlz hɛlθ ənd ðə kɔld ðə əˈwɔrd "ˈteɪntɪd wɪθ dɪˈsɑnərəbəl ˈækʃənz" baɪ ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ənd ɪts pleɪərz. hi sɛd əkˈsɛptɪŋ ðə əˈwɔrd wʊd bi hæd hoʊpt ənd preɪd ðət ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl wʊd ˈaʊˌtlɔ ðiz dɪsˈgreɪsfəl ˈproʊˌtɛsts ənd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ gɪv ðə kəˈmɪʃənər ənd ðə ˈoʊnərz ə fɛr ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ du soʊ. ðɛr ˈfeɪljər tɪ ækt ɪz ə slæp ɪn ðə feɪs tɪ ɔl əv ðoʊz hu hæv sərvd ɪn ˈjunəˌfɔrm. mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən hæv fɔt ənd daɪd fər ðə flæg ðət ðə pleɪərz ər ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛktɪŋ," hi fər ðə seɪnts sɛd ðə tim rɪˈspɛkts hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən ənd ðət "hi həz ðət raɪt, ənd wi θæŋk ɪm fər hɪz ˈsərvɪs tɪ ɑr ˈkəntri ənd hɪz pæst ˈɛfərts ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd wɪl nɑt əˈlaʊ ˈmɪstər. wells’*’ dɪˈsɪʒən ənd ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈmidiə əˈpɪrənsəz tɪ dɪˈstrækt ɑr pleɪərz ənd ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən frəm kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ ˈɑnər ənd səˈpɔrt ɑr ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd ˈvɛtərənz. wi, ɛz ən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən, hæv ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ muv ɔn frəm ðɪs sæd ənd dɪˈvaɪsɪv ˈdɪskɔrs ənd ˈfoʊkɪs ɑr əˈtɛnʃən ɔn səˈpɔrtɪŋ ɑr ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd wɛnt ɔn tɪ steɪt ðət ðə tim ɪz kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈɑnərɪŋ, səˈpɔrtɪŋ ənd ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈsərvɪs mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən ənd ˈvɛtərənz. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən tɪ wɛlz, ðə tim wɪl juz ðə taɪm tɪ ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ˌnɑnpəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈædvəkəsi ˈproʊˌgræmz ənd ɪnˈkərəʤ fænz ənd ðə kəmˈjunɪti tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ grups hu səˈpɔrt ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd pleɪərz hæv ˈʧoʊzən tɪ stænd fər ɑr ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm aʊt əv rɪˈspɛkt fər ðə flæg, ɑr ˈsərvəsmɛn ənd ˈwɪmən ənd ˈvɛtərənz ɪn ˈɛvəri geɪm sɪns ɑr ˌɪnˈsɛpʃən ɪn 1967 wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv wən geɪm ðə wik θri geɪm æt ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə wɪn ə fju əv ɑr pleɪərz dɪd sɪt. wi kʊd nɑt bi mɔr praʊd əv ðə wərk ɑr pleɪərz du ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti ənd wɪθ ɑr ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, ˈɑrgjuəbli ə ˈmɑdəl ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn ðə lig. ɑr pleɪərz hæv bɪn klɪr ənd ˈstɛdˌfæst ɪn ðɛr səˈpɔrt fər ɑr ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd ˈvɛtərənz nɑt ʤɪst wɪθ ðɛr wərdz bət wɪθ ðɛr ˈækʃənz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈvɪzɪts wɪθ ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri æt hoʊm ənd əˈbrɔd. ʤɪst tu deɪz əˈgoʊ, seɪnts pleɪərz ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðə ˈneɪvəl ɛr ˈsteɪʃən ʤɔɪnt rɪˈzərv beɪs ɪn bɛl ʧæs ɪn ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp wɪθ səˈlut tɪ ˈsərvɪs wik. ðɛr səˈpɔrt fər ˈwundɪd ˈvɛtərənz ənd ðɛr ˈfæməliz ənd ˈəðər ˈminɪŋfəl ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt ər ˈnɔrməli kənˈdəktəd aʊt əv ðə ˈpəblɪk aɪ," ðə seɪnts sɛd ɪn ˈθərzˌdeɪz tim wɛnt ɔn tɪ lɪst ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈædvəkəsi grups ɪt səˈpɔrts ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli ənd θru ˈsərvɪs aʊərz frəm ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ənd pleɪərz. ðə grups ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈwundɪd ˈwɔrjər ˈprɑʤɛkt, ðə wərld wɔr mˈjuziəm, ðə luˌiziˈænə ˈhɪroʊz ˈprɑʤɛkt, ðə luˌiziˈænə ˈnæʃənəl gɑrd ənd ðə juz. ə ˈlɛtər tɪ tim ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər, ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl kəˈmɪʃənər ˈrɑʤər ˈgʊdɛl sɛd, "wi bɪˈliv ðət ˈɛvriˌwən ʃʊd stænd fər ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm," ənd ðət ðə ˈɪʃu əv pleɪər ˈproʊˌtɛsts wɪl bi əˈdrɛst ˈdʊrɪŋ nɛkst wiks fɔl ˈpræktɪs əv pleɪərz ˈnilɪŋ ər ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm həz groʊn sɪns ˈfɔrmər kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ˈkoʊlɪn bɪˈgæn duɪŋ ɪt læst ˈsizən tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst ˈreɪʃəl ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs ənd pəˈlis bruˈtælɪti. waɪl ðɛr ər fænz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈmɛmbərz, hu rɪˈspɛkt ðə ˈækʃənz əv ˈproʊˌtɛstɪŋ pleɪərz, ˈmɛni ˈəðərz ər dɪsˈgəstɪd buɪŋ ˈlaʊdli, ˈbərnɪŋ ˈʤərziz ənd ˈivɪn ˈsɛlɪŋ ɔf ðɛr fər ðə seɪnts ənd ðə nu ˌɔˈrlinz ˈpɛlɪkənz ˈɪʃud ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ðə pleɪərz ənd ðoʊz hu hæv sərvd ɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri. tɑm ˈbɛnsən, seɪnts ənd ˈpɛlɪkənz ˈoʊnər, sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ðət hi bɪˈlivz ðət ðə ˈvɛri pleɪərz hu ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə seɪnts ənd ˈpɛlɪkənz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ʃʊd bi əˈlaʊd tɪ ʃɛr ər ɪkˈsprɛs ðɛr kˈwɔrtərˌbæk dru briz ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər ðət "ɛz ə weɪ tɪ ʃoʊ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ ɔl, ɑr seɪnts tim wɪl nil ɪn ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti praɪər tɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm ənd stænd təˈgɛðər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl həz noʊ ɪkˈsplɪsət rul rikˈwaɪərɪŋ pleɪərz tɪ stænd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈænθəm, ðoʊ ɪts geɪm deɪ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˈmænjuəl sɛd ðeɪ grup ɪz ə ˈnæʃənəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən beɪst aʊt əv slidell*. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈvɛtərənz ˈædvəkəsi wərks ɪn ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst əv ˈvɛtərənz ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri hɪz kərɪr, wɛlz həz ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd ˌbiˈfɔr juz. ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ˈvɛtərənz' ˈbɛnəfɪts ənd həz ˈlɪtɪˌgeɪtɪd ˈbɛnəfɪts ˈɪʃuz ɪn ˈsɛvərəl ˈfɛdərəl kɔrts. hi wɑz ˈrisəntli əˈwɔrd ðə dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɑnər əˈwɔrd baɪ foʊldz əv əp wɪθ ˈloʊkəl nuz, ˈwɛðər ənd ˈkɑrənt ɪˈvɛnts wɪθ ðə æp hir. saɪn əp fər ɑr iˈmeɪl ˈnuzˌlɛtərz tɪ gɪt ˈbreɪkɪŋ nuz raɪt ɪn jʊr inbox*. klɪk hir tɪ saɪn əp!
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webvtt your first amendmentrt rights.>> ♪ ramparts we'd watch were so gallantly streaming♪ ♪>>rt that's a total disrespect ofour heritage.that's a total disrespect ofeverything we stand for. >> the right to dissent ispatriotic. juliana: it's been two days anrtdthe debate only grows deeper,since 10 saints players took aseat during the national anthem.>> i fought for our firstrtamendment, t right to freedomof speec, so they said, how doyou feel about it?rtit's not disrespecting me. >> if you want to protest andyou want to make some kind of astatement, that's fine. just don't do it while i'mtrying to be entertained byfootball.it's very disrespectful. juliana:rt and is what some calldisrespect enough to impact thesaints fan base?black and gold is a saintsmerchandise retailer inmetairie.rtthey said they haven't noticed adecline in sales, but said thisis a very tough time for who datnation.>> the people that are mrtad, likei said before, they are truesaints fans.they hate to think they are notgoing to turn on the tv.they hate to say that.whether they do it or not,that's their right.rtjuliana: just as the aclu saidit's players' rights to exercisethe first amendment.>>rt so to say that we aredisrespecting the military if wedissent is to turn our system of
advertisement retired u.s. navy officer declines award for presentation at saints game due to recent protests share shares copy link copy
a retired u.s. navy officer announced wednesday that he declined an award that would be given to him in his honor at sunday's new orleans saints game because of the recent controversy surrounding the national anthem.cmdr. john wells was selected for a peoples health champion award, which would have been presented at sunday's game in the mercedes-benz superdome. the award is given to people who have "significant accomplishments" and have reached "senior citizen status."wells, who is the executive director of military veterans advocacy in slidell, said he declined the award because of the ongoing controversy with the nfl and some players protesting during the national anthem."i am unable, in good conscience, to enter an nfl stadium while this discourtesy prevails," wells wrote to executives of peoples health and the saints.wells called the award "tainted with dishonorable actions" by the nfl and its players. he said accepting the award would be hypocritical."i had hoped and prayed that the nfl would outlaw these disgraceful protests and wanted to give the commissioner and the owners a fair opportunity to do so. their failure to act is a slap in the face to all of those who have served in uniform. men and women have fought and died for the flag that the players are disrespecting," he said.management for the saints said the team respects his decision and that "he has that right, and we thank him for his service to our country and his past efforts on behalf of the military and veterans.""we will not allow mr. wells’ decision and subsequent media appearances to distract our players and organization from continuing to honor and support our military and veterans. we, as an organization, have decided to move on from this sad and divisive discourse and focus our attention on supporting our military and veterans."management went on to state that the team is committed to honoring, supporting and recognizing service men and women and veterans. instead of the presentation to wells, the team will use the time to highlight non-political military advocacy programs and encourage fans and the community to contribute to groups who support the military and veterans."our players have chosen to stand for our national anthem out of respect for the flag, our servicemen and women and veterans in every game since our inception in 1967 with the exception of one game -- the week three game at carolina when a few of our players did sit. we could not be more proud of the work our players do in the community and with our military, arguably a model program in the league. our players have been clear and steadfast in their support for our military and veterans -- not just with their words but with their actions -- including visits with the military at home and abroad. just two days ago, saints players visited the naval air station joint reserve base in belle chasse in partnership with usaa's salute to service week. their support for wounded veterans and their families and other meaningful engagement are normally conducted out of the public eye," the saints said in thursday's statement.the team went on to list the military and military advocacy groups it supports financially and through service hours from the organization and players. the groups include the wounded warrior project, the world war ii museum, the louisiana heroes project, the louisiana national guard and the u.s. marines.in a letter to team executives in october, nfl commissioner roger goodell said, "we believe that everyone should stand for the national anthem," and that the issue of player protests will be addressed during next week's fall meeting.the practice of players kneeling or sitting during the national anthem has grown since former 49ers quarterback colin kaepernick began doing it last season to protest racial injustice and police brutality. while there are fans, including military members, who respect the actions of protesting players, many others are disgusted -- booing loudly, burning jerseys and even selling off their tickets.management for the saints and the new orleans pelicans issued a statement in september in support of the players and those who have served in the military. tom benson, saints and pelicans owner, said in a statement that he believes that the very players who represent the saints and pelicans organizations should be allowed to share or express their feelings.team quarterback drew brees tweeted in september that "as a way to show respect to all, our saints team will kneel in solidarity prior to the national anthem and stand together during the anthem."the nfl has no explicit rule requiring players to stand during the anthem, though its game day operations manual said they "should."wells's group is a national organization based out of slidell. military veterans advocacy works in the interest of veterans and active-duty military personnel.during his career, wells has testified before u.s. congress in support of veterans' benefits and has litigated benefits issues in several federal courts. he was recently award the distinguished military honor award by folds of honor.keep up with local news, weather and current events with the wdsu app here. sign up for our email newsletters to get breaking news right in your inbox. click here to sign up!
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baɪ ˈʧɛlsi rɔf læst wik, ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl grup əv ˈsaɪəntɪsts saɪnd ðə ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən ɔn ˈkɑnʃəsnəs, proʊˈkleɪmɪŋ ðɛr ɔn ˈdɛkeɪdz əv ˈænəməlz ər ˌɪnˈdid ˈkɑnʃəs ənd ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ˈjumən ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz. waɪl ðət meɪ saʊnd laɪk ə ““duh”*” kaɪnd əv ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən tɪ animal-lovers*, ˈæˌkʧuəli ə bɪg dil fər səʧ ə ˈprɑmənənt grup əv ˈsaɪəntɪsts tɪ ˈoʊpənli ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðət ðeɪ bɪˈliv nɑnˈhjumən ˈænəməlz pəˈzɛs ˈkɑnʃəs steɪts ˈsɪmələr tɪ ˈjumənz. məʧ əv ðə ˈrisərʧ dən ɪn ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ənd ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈsaɪənsɪz rɪˈlaɪz ɔn ˈænəməl tɛst ˈsəbʤɪkts, soʊ ðɪs ˈsteɪtmənt kʊd hæv sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ˈkəmɪŋ jɪrz. ˈɛvədəns ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət nɑnˈhjumən ˈænəməlz hæv ðə neuroanatomical*, neurochemical*, ənd ˈsəbˌstreɪts əv ˈkɑnʃəs states,”*,” raɪt ðə ˈsaɪəntɪsts. ðə lɪst əv ˈænəməlz neɪmd ɪn ðɛr ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən ˌɪnˈkludz ɔl ˈmæməlz, bərdz, ənd ˈivɪn ðə ˈɑktəˌpʊs. soʊ ɪn ðə ˈspɪrɪt əv ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪŋ ðə əv ˈænəməlz, hir ər faɪv ˈpɪkʧərz əv ˈænəməlz ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ wət lʊks tɪ bi ləv təˈwɔrd ðɛr ˈjumən frɛndz: si mɔr ˈpɪkʧərz əv kjut ˈænəməlz duɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm ˈʃɛrɪŋ ðɛr ˌɪnˈtɛnts tɪ ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ˈjoʊgə ɔn ˌɪnˈtɛnt blɔg. ˈʧɛlsi rɔf ɪz ˈmænəʤɪŋ ˈɛdɪtər fər ˌɪnˈtɛnt blɔg. ʃi ɪz ə ˈspikər, sərˈvaɪvər, ənd ˈædvəˌkeɪt ˈraɪtɪŋ əˈbaʊt hɛlθ, ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən ˈɪʃuz, ənd ðə ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃən əv saɪəns ənd ˈjoʊgə. ʧɛk aʊt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ənd ˈfɑloʊ hər ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd tˈwɪtər. rɛd mɔr frəm ˌɪnˈtɛnt blɔg hir. ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn tˈwɪtər. laɪk ˈjuˈɛs ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk. *ɔl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˈviə ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst.
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by chelsea roff
last week, an international group of scientists signed the cambridge declaration on consciousness, proclaiming their belief—based on decades of research—that animals are indeed conscious and capable of experiencing human emotions.
while that may sound like a “duh” kind of declaration to animal-lovers, it’s actually a big deal for such a prominent group of scientists to openly acknowledge that they believe nonhuman animals possess conscious states similar to humans. much of the research done in the medical and biological sciences relies on animal test subjects, so this statement could have significant implications in coming years.
“convergent evidence indicates that non-human animals have the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and neurophysiological substrates of conscious states,” write the scientists. the list of animals named in their declaration includes all mammals, birds, and even the octopus.
so in the spirit of celebrating the inner-life of animals,
here are five pictures of animals expressing what looks to be love toward their human friends:
see more pictures of cute animals doing everything from sharing their intents to practicing yoga on intent blog.
chelsea roff is managing editor for intent blog. she is a speaker, survivor, and advocate writing about women’s health, humanitarian issues, and the intersection of science and yoga. check out chelsea’s website and follow her on facebook and twitter.
read more from intent blog here. follow us on twitter. like us on facebook.
*all photos via huffington post.
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baɪ ˈtɛrəbəl ˈpɪkʧərz əraɪv ˈɔntu ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə əv ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz frəm ˈsɪriə ənd ˈɛlsˌwɛr, wɑʃt əp ɔn ðə ʃɔrz əv ˈjʊrəp. wən ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈgæstli ðə ˈbɑdi əv jəŋ. hi wɑz ˈoʊnli θri. hi wɑz frəm ðə ˈsɪriən taʊn əv kobane*, naʊ meɪd ˈfeɪməs ɛz ðə ˈfrənˌtlaɪn əv ðə ˈbætəl bɪtˈwin ˈaɪsəs ənd ðə ˈkərdɪʃ mɪˈlɪʃəz (ˈlɑrʤli ðə ənd pkk*). ˈbɑdi leɪ ɪn ə ˈfitəl pəˈzɪʃən. fju draɪ aɪz kʊd tərn əˈweɪ frəm ðət ˈfoʊtəˌgræf. ðə ˌʤɔrˈdeɪniən kɑrˈtunəst dru ən ˈɪmɪʤ əv. ðə ˈbɑdi laɪz ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd əv ə bɑrbd waɪər fɛns ðət ˈsɛpərˌeɪts ɪm frəm ðə ˈkɑntənənts əv ðə wərld. kɑrˈtun baɪ. ˈʧɪldrən laɪk ər dɪˈspoʊzəbəl ɪn ðə ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən. ənˈtoʊld ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈsɪriən ˈʧɪldrən hæv daɪd ɪn ðɪs ˈkɑnflɪkt. tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈʧɪldrən daɪ ɪn ˈkɑnflɪkts əraʊnd ðə wərld. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət hæf əv ɔl dɛθs ɪn ˈkɑnflɪkt zoʊnz ər əv ˈʧɪldrən. ɪn 1995 ˈjunəˌsɛf ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət tu ˈmɪljən ˈʧɪldrən hæd daɪd ɪn ˈkɑnflɪkts ˈoʊvər ðə ˈpriviəs ˈdɛkeɪd. ðə reɪt həz nɑt ˈdiˌkrist. ðə stəˈtɪstɪk hɑrmz ðə ˈkɑnʃəsnəs. bət ɪt ɪz ðə ˈpɪkʧər əv ðət həz ənˈsɛtəld ɑr ˈɛθɪks dɪz ðə wərld ˈrɪli kɛr əˈbaʊt ðə ˈdæmɪʤ dən tɪ ˈʧɪldrən ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv wɔr ənd ˌdaɪəˈbɑlɪkəl treɪd ˈpɑləsiz? ðə ˈɛvədəns səˈʤɛsts ðət ðə wərld dɪz nɑt kɛr æt ɔl. wət kɛr ðɛr ɪz kəmz ɪn ðə brif ˈɪnstəns wɪn wi glæns æt ə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf səʧ ɛz ðət əv ðə dɛd ˈbɑdi əv. hi breɪks ɑr hɑrt. bət hi wɪl du ˈlɪtəl tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ɑr ˈpɑləˌtɪks. ðə wɛst bɪˈlivz ðət ɪt ɪz əkˈsɛptəbəl fər ɪt tɪ ˌɪntərˈvin tɪ ˈɪnfluəns ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi əv ðə θərd wərld tɪ fɔrs ““reforms”*” ɔn ðiz steɪts. ˈkæpɪtəl ɪz əˈlaʊd bi borderless*. ðət ˈfridəm dɪz nɑt əˈplaɪ tɪ ˈleɪbər tɪ ˈpipəl. maɪˈgreɪʃən ɪz ˈfɔrbɪdən. ɪt ɪz ˈheɪtfəl. ˈreɪsɪst aɪˈdiəz əˈlaʊ ˈfɔrtrəsɪz tɪ bi bɪlt əˈgɛnst ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈmuvmənt əv ˈpipəl. bɑrbd waɪər ˈfɛnsɪz ənd ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən kæmp taʊərz ˈaʊˌtlaɪn ðə ˈbɔrdər, ʤɪst ɛz səʧ ˈfɛnsɪz ənd ðə ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən moʊt blɑk ðə ˈpæsɪʤ ˈɪntu ˈjʊrəp. ɪf ˈkæpɪtəl dɪˈstrɔɪz ðə soʊˈsaɪɪti hir, ɪts ˈpipəl ˈkænɑt bi əˈlaʊd tɪ ˈmaɪˌgreɪt ðɛr. ðə wɛst bɪˈlivz ðət ɪt ɪz əkˈsɛptəbəl fər ɪt tɪ ˈoʊvərθˌroʊ ˈgəvərnmənts ənd bɔm ɪts ˈɛnəmiz ɪn ðə lændz əv ðə θərd wərld. ɪt siz ðɪs ɛz ðə ˈlɪmət əv ɪts humanitarianism*. ɪt kɔlz ðɪs ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃəˌnɪzəm ər, ɪn ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ əv ðə ˈjuˈɛn, tɪ protect”*” (r2p*). wɪn ɪt breɪks steɪts, ɛz ɪt dɪd ɪn ˈlɪˌbiə, ðə wɛst teɪks noʊ riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər ðə ˈbroʊkən lɪvz əv ðə ˈpipəl ɪn ðoʊz zoʊnz. bɑmz ər borderless*. bət wɔr ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz məst stænd ɪn kjuz ənd bi hɛld ɪn ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən kæmps. ðeɪ ər nɑt əˈlaʊd ˈfridəm əv ˈmuvmənt. hɪˈpɑkrəsi ɪz ˈsɛntrəl tɪ ɪˈlit ˈwɛstərn ˈɛθɪks. ɪt ˈjuzɪz wərdz laɪk ““freedom”*” ənd ““equality”*” bət ˈmoʊstli minz ɪts ˈɑpəzɪt. ðə ˈfridəm əv ˈjumən biɪŋz ənd ɪkˈwɑləti bɪtˈwin ˈjumən biɪŋz ɪz nɑt ˈrɛləvənt. mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪz ðə ˈfridəm əv ˈməni. ɪt ɪz ˈməni ðət ˈkænɑt hæv ɪts ˈlɪbərˌti ˌɪmˈpɪnʤd. boʊθ ˈjʊrəp ənd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɔnt tɪ bɪld wɔlz tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ðə fri ˈmuvmənt əv ˈpipəl. ðə ˈstæˌʧu əv ˈlɪbərˌti ɪn nu jɔrk ˈhɑrbər bɛrz ðə wərdz, mi jʊr taɪərd, jʊr pur; jʊr ˈhədəld ˈmæsɪz ˈjərnɪŋ tɪ brið free.”*.” ðɪs ɪz ˈɛmə lazarus’*’ poʊəm frəm 1883 noʊ ˈlɔŋgər du ðiz wərdz meɪk sɛns. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˌɛgˌzɔrˈteɪʃən tɪ sɛnd ðə taɪərd, ðə pur, ðə ˈhədəld ˈmæsɪz tɪ ˈseɪfti. ðɛr ɪz ˈmoʊstli ðə ˈʤɪŋˌgoʊɪzəm ðət sɛts əp ˈbɛriərz ənd θˈrɛtənz ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃənz. ðə mɔr əˈproʊpriˌeɪt sɔŋ ɪz baɪ ˈwʊdi ˈgəθri, ˌdipɔrˈti, frəm 1961 ʧeɪs ˈjuˈɛs laɪk ˈaʊˌtlɔz, laɪk ˈrəsələrz, laɪk θivz. wi daɪd ɪn jʊr hɪlz, wi daɪd ɪn jʊr ˈdɛzərts, wi daɪd ɪn jʊr ˈvæliz ənd daɪd ɔn jʊr plains.”*.” hi wʊd hæv ˈædɪd, wi daɪd ɔn jʊr ʃɔrz. səʧ ˈtɑksɪk ˈlɪniɪʤɪz ər nɑt əˈloʊn. ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈɛθɪks ˈbænərz ɪn ˈʤərməni ənˈfərld æt ˈfʊtˌbɔl geɪmz tɪ ˈwɛlkəm ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz, ˈkɑnˌvɔɪz əv ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈneɪʃənz tɪ kəˈleɪ (fræns) tɪ hɛlp fid ənd kloʊð ðə ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz, ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz əv ˈrædɪkəl ˌɪntərˈnæʃənɑlɪsts ɪn ˈistərn ˈjʊrəp əˈgɛnst ðə ənd ðə ˈreɪsɪsts. ðɛr ər ˈɔlsoʊ, ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ðə drim dɪˈfɛndərz ənd juˈnaɪtɪd wi drim hu faɪt fər ənˈdɑkjəmɛnɪd ˈrɛzɪdənts, hu fɔrmd pɑrt əv ðə ˈmæsɪv ˈræliz ðət hæv naʊ əˈdɑptəd meɪ deɪ ɛz ðɛr deɪ. ðiz ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz əv ðə gʊd saɪd əv ˈhɪstəri ər ˈɔfən ˌɪgˈnɔrd baɪ ðə prɛs, wɪʧ həz ə ˈtɛndənsi tɪ haɪp əp ðə bæd saɪd tɪ bust ˈreɪtɪŋz. səʧ ˈʤɛsʧərz əv ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti tɛl ˈjuˈɛs wət ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl ɪn ðə wɛst. ɪz dɛd. ˈmɛni ˈəðər rɪˈmeɪn. ɑr ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ æt ðɪs ˈkæləs dɛθ ʃʊd draɪv ˈjuˈɛs ˈdipər ˈɪntu ə ˈpɑləˌtɪks ðət kɔlz fər ə ˈdrɔˌdaʊn əv ðə ˈvaɪələns ɪn ˈsɪriə ənd fər ə ˈsɪriəs pis ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪn ˈlɪˌbiə, ðət ˈfɔrsɪz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ bi ˈrɛzəˌlut ɪn ɑr faɪt əˈgɛnst ənd ˈneɪtoʊ dɪˈstrəkʃən əv səˈsaɪɪtiz ənd steɪts. ɪn ˈɛsəns, ðɪs ɪz ə kɔl fər ə ˈrɛzəˌlut anti-imperialism*. ˌɪmˈpɪriəˌlɪzəm, ˈæftər ɔl, ɪz fɔrs səʧ ɛz wɔr ər ðə əˈnikwəl ˈdræftɪŋ əv treɪd rulz tɪ əˈlaʊ ə smɔl ˈkæpətəlɪst məˈnɔrəti tɪ sɪkˈwɛstər ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ʃɛr əv ˈgloʊbəli prəˈdust ˈsoʊʃəl wɛlθ. ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz səʧ ɛz ər ʧeɪnʤ refugees,”*,” ʧeɪnʤ refugees”*” ənd refugees.”*.” ðə ˈmænɪʤərz wɪl ˈoʊnli tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈtræʤədiz ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti. fər ðɛm ˈpipəl ər ˈmaɪgrənts ənd ˌdipɔrˈtiz, ðoʊz huz moʊˈbɪlɪti məst bi kənˈstreɪnd. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən. ðeɪ wɪl nɑt wɔnt tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkɔzɪz əv ðə ˈprɑbləm ðə wɔrz ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsiz ðət θroʊ ˈmɪljənz əv ˈpipəl ˈɪntu ðə ˈstætəs əv ˈrɛfjuʤi. ðət ɪz ɑr ʤɑb. ɪn ðə neɪm əv. ðɪs ˈɛˌseɪ əˈpɪrz ɪn birgün*, ənd ˈkaʊntərˌpənʧ.
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terrible pictures arrive onto social media of refugees from syria and elsewhere, washed up on the shores of europe. one in particular is particularly ghastly – the body of young aylan kurdi. he was only three. he was from the syrian town of kobane, now made famous as the frontline of the battle between isis and the kurdish militias (largely the ypg and pkk). aylan kurdi’s body lay in a fetal position. few dry eyes could turn away from that photograph.
the jordanian cartoonist rafat alkhateeb drew an image of aylan kurdi. the infant’s body lies on the other side of a barbed wire fence that separates him from the continents of the world.
cartoon by rafat alkhateeb.
children like aylan kurdi are disposable in the world’s imagination. untold thousands of syrian children have died in this conflict. tens of thousands of children die in conflicts around the world. the united nations estimates that half of all deaths in conflict zones are of children. in 1995, unicef reported that two million children had died in conflicts over the previous decade. the rate has not decreased. the statistic harms the consciousness. but it is the picture of aylan kurdi that has unsettled our ethics – does the world really care about the damage done to children as a result of war and diabolical trade policies? the evidence suggests that the world does not care at all. what care there is comes in the brief instance when we glance at a photograph such as that of the dead body of aylan kurdi. he breaks our heart. but he will do little to change our politics.
the west believes that it is acceptable for it to intervene to influence the political economy of the third world – to force imf-driven “reforms” on these states. capital is allowed be borderless. that freedom does not apply to labour – to people. migration is forbidden. it is hateful. racist ideas allow fortresses to be built against the natural movement of people. barbed wire fences and concentration camp towers outline the us-mexico border, just as such fences and the mediterranean moat block the passage into europe. if capital destroys the society here, its people cannot be allowed to migrate there.
the west believes that it is acceptable for it to overthrow governments and bomb its enemies in the lands of the third world. it sees this as the limit of its humanitarianism. it calls this humanitarian interventionism or, in the language of the un, “responsibility to protect” (r2p). when it breaks states, as it did in libya, the west takes no responsibility for the broken lives of the people in those zones. bombs are borderless. but war refugees must stand in queues and be held in concentration camps. they are not allowed freedom of movement.
hypocrisy is central to elite western ethics. it uses words like “freedom” and “equality” but mostly means its opposite. the freedom of human beings and equality between human beings is not relevant. more important is the freedom of money. it is money that cannot have its liberty impinged.
both europe and the united states want to build walls to prevent the free movement of people. the statue of liberty in new york harbor bears the words, “give me your tired, your poor; your huddled masses yearning to breathe free.” this is emma lazarus’ poem from 1883. no longer do these words make sense. there is no exhortation to send the tired, the poor, the huddled masses to safety. there is mostly the state-led jingoism that sets up barriers and threatens deportations. the more appropriate song is by woody guthrie, deportee, from 1961: “they chase us like outlaws, like rustlers, like thieves. we died in your hills, we died in your deserts, we died in your valleys and died on your plains.” he would have added, we died on your shores.
such toxic lineages are not alone. there is also the people’s ethics – banners in germany unfurled at football games to welcome refugees, convoys of ordinary british nations to calais (france) to help feed and clothe the refugees, demonstrations of radical internationalists in eastern europe against the neo-fascists and the racists. there are also, in the united states, the dream defenders and united we dream who fight for undocumented residents, who formed part of the massive pro-immigrant rallies that have now adopted may day as their day. these indications of the good side of history are often ignored by the press, which has a tendency to hype up the bad side to boost ratings. such gestures of solidarity tell us what is possible in the west.
aylan kurdi is dead. many other aylan kurdis remain. our outrage at this callous death should drive us deeper into a politics that calls for a drawdown of the violence in syria and for a serious peace process in libya, that forces us to be resolute in our fight against imf and nato destruction of societies and states. in essence, this is a call for a resolute anti-imperialism. imperialism, after all, is extra-economic force such as war or the unequal drafting of trade rules to allow a small capitalist minority to sequester the largest share of globally produced social wealth. refugees such as aylan kurdis are “climate change refugees,” “regime change refugees” and “imf refugees.”
the west’s managers will only talk about tragedies and security. for them people are migrants and deportees, those whose mobility must be constrained. this is a limited imagination. they will not want to talk about the causes of the problem – the wars and economic policies that throw millions of people into the status of refugee. that is our job. in the name of aylan kurdi.
this essay appears in birgün, ganashakti and counterpunch.
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ˈspɛʃəl ˈkaʊnsəl ˈrɑbərt ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz hæv ˈɪʃud ə səˈpinə tɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪˈlɛkʃən kæmˈpeɪn fər ˈdɑkjəmənts rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈrəʃə, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə nu rɪˈpɔrt. ðə wɔl strit ˈʤərnəl rɪˈpɔrts ðət tim ˈɪʃud ðə səˈpinə ɪn mid-october*, rɪkˈwɛstɪŋ ˈdɑkjəmənts ənd iˈmeɪlz frəm mɔr ðən ə ˈdəzən tɔp kæmˈpeɪn əˈfɪʃəlz ðət ˌɪnˈklud ˈsɛvərəl ˈkiˌwərdz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈrəʃə. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ə sɔrs fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ðə ˈmætər toʊld ðə ˈʤərnəl ðət ðə səˈpinə wʊd nɑt kəmˈpɛl ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni ˌbiˈfɔr ə grænd ˈʤʊri, bət ðət kæmˈpeɪn wɑz səˈpraɪzd baɪ ðə ˈɔrdər ˈæftər ˌvɑlənˈtɛrəli koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ˈpriviəs rɪkˈwɛsts frəm tim. kæmˈpeɪn bɪˈgæn ˈtərnɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈdɑkjəmənts tɪ mˈjulər ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, wɪθ wən ˈlɔjər ðət ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts trəmp seɪɪŋ ðə kæmˈpeɪn wɑz ɪn cooperation”*” wɪθ ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ˈrəʃən ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns ɪn ðə 2016 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən. ðə səˈpinə mɑrks ðə fərst taɪm kæmˈpeɪn həz bɪn ˈɔrdərd tɪ tərn ˈoʊvər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. mˈjulər həz ˈpriviəsli səˈpinəd ˈfɔrmər trəmp kæmˈpeɪn ˈʧɛrmən pɔl ˈmænəfɔrt ənd ˈsɛvərəl əv hɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts, ɛz wɛl ɛz səˈpinəɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl bæŋks tɪ əbˈteɪn ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈrɛkərdz. ɪn leɪt ɑkˈtoʊbər, ˈmænəfɔrt wɑz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈməltəpəl kaʊnts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ kənˈspɪrəsi əˈgɛnst ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈməni ˈlɔndərɪŋ rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ hɪz wərk fər ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrti ɪn juˈkreɪn. hɪz ˈfɔrmər ˈbɪznɪs əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt, ˈrɪʧərd geɪts, wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈdaɪtɪd. ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈnaʊnst ɪn leɪt ɑkˈtoʊbər ðət ˈfɔrmər trəmp kæmˈpeɪn ædˈvaɪzər ʤɔrʤ ˌpɑpəˈdɑpələs ˈplidɪd ˈgɪlti ˈərliər ðət mənθ tɪ laɪɪŋ tɪ ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈeɪʤənts əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈkɑnˌtækts wɪθ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ˈrəʃə.
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special counsel robert mueller’s investigators have issued a subpoena to president trump’s election campaign for documents related to russia, according to a new report.
the wall street journal reports that mueller’s team issued the subpoena in mid-october, requesting documents and emails from more than a dozen top campaign officials that include several keywords related to russia.
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a source familiar with the matter told the journal that the subpoena would not compel testimony before a grand jury, but that trump’s campaign was surprised by the order after voluntarily cooperating with previous requests from mueller’s team.
trump’s campaign began turning over documents to mueller in september, with one lawyer that represents trump saying the campaign was in “total cooperation” with the special counsel’s investigation into russian interference in the 2016 presidential election.
the subpoena marks the first time trump’s campaign has been ordered to turn over information to mueller’s investigation. mueller has previously subpoenaed former trump campaign chairman paul manafort and several of his associates, as well as subpoenaing several banks to obtain manafort’s financial records.
in late october, manafort was charged with multiple counts, including conspiracy against the united states and money laundering related to his work for a pro-russia political party in ukraine. his former business associate, richard gates, was also indicted.
it was also announced in late october that former trump campaign adviser george papadopoulos pleaded guilty earlier that month to lying to fbi agents about his contacts with individuals connected to russia.
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æt ˈkɑrvər ˈəpər ˌɛləˈmɛnʧri skul ɪn ˈɪndiəˈnoʊlə, ˈstudənts ɪn ˈʤoʊdi klæs hæv noʊ ˌrɛzərˈveɪʃənz əˈbaʊt ðə prəˈpraɪəti əv ˈkjukəmbərz ˈfleɪvərd wɪθ ˈvɪnəgər ənd drɪŋk mɪks. wɪn ðɪs ˈraɪtər, ˈləgɪŋ ə ʤɑr əv ˈpɪkəlz, ˈrisəntli æst ðə 29 ˈstudənts hu laɪkt tɪ it ˈpɪkəlz, 29 hænz ʃɑt əp. ðə neɪmz keɪm fæst: ladarius*, freɪdɛˈrikə ənd kobreana*, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz. soʊ dɪd ðə ˌɪmˈprɛʃənz: ə ˈkændi pickle.”*.” ənd laɪk ɪt ðə seɪm ɛz ˈdɪpɪŋ hɑt ɪn aɪs cream.”*.” ənd ju ˈɛvər traɪd wən wɪθ ə ˈwɔtərˌmɛlən bloʊ pop?”*?” ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə ˈpæntəˌmaɪm əv haʊ ðə bloʊ pɑp stɪk kən bi ˌɪnˈsərtɪd soʊ ðət ðə ˈkændi əˈpɪrz ɛz ə nɑb æt wən ɛnd əv ðə ˈpɪkəl, əˈlaʊɪŋ ðə ˈitər tɪ ˈɔltərˌneɪt bɪtˈwin baɪts əv ˈpɪkəl ənd lɪks əv bloʊ pɑp. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi noʊz ʤɪst hu fərst ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðət ˈpɪkəlz wʊd bi ˌɪmˈpruvd baɪ ə bæθ ɪn ˈʃʊgərd drɪŋk mɪks, ər wɪn, bət ðə ˌɪnˈvɛnʃən simz tɪ bi əv ˈfɛrli ˈrisənt ˈprɑvənəns. ˈtɪpɪkəli, ˈpɪkəl fænz wər bɔrn səm taɪm ˈæftər bɪl ˈklɪntən muvd ˈɪntu ðə waɪt haʊs. ˈbɪli ˈwɪljəmz, 56 ə ˈtiʧər æt ˈkɑrvər ˌɛləˈmɛnʧri, ˈnɛvər sɔ wən wɪn ʃi wɑz ə ʧaɪld. bət ʃi dɪd it dɪl ˈpɪkəlz ˌɪmˈpeɪld ɔn ˈpɛpərˌmɪnt stɪks, ənd ʃi rɪˈmɛmbərz haʊ frɛndz səkt ðə ʤus frəm kət ˈlɛmənz θru ˈpɛpərˌmɪnt stɪks ɛz strɔz. ðə seɪm kaɪnd əv taste,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ɛz haʊ ðeɪ juzd tɪ dɪp ˈpɪkəl spɪrz ɪn draɪ mɪks fər ðət pucker.”*.” ðə skul sɛlz ˈpɪkəlz frəm ðə ˈpɑpjələr rɛd ˈfleɪvər ˈfæməli æt ɪts fund-raisers*. ˈizi tɪ meɪk ə gallon,”*,” mɪz. ˈwɪljəmz sɛd. pʊl ðə ˈpɪkəlz frəm ðə ʤɑr, kət ðɛm ɪn hævz, meɪk, æd ə paʊnd əv ˈʃʊgər, ʃeɪk ənd lɛt ɪt sɪt bɛst ɪn ðə rɪˈfrɪʤərˌeɪtər fər əˈbaʊt ə wik. ðə teɪst teɪks tɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ə waɪl bæk aɪ meɪd ə mɪˈsteɪk ənd bɔt ə ʤɑr əv ˈpɪkəl ʧɪps ˌɪnˈstɛd əv hævz ər hoʊlz. keɪm aʊt faɪn. ðɪs hoʊl ˈpɪkəl θɪŋ ɪz goʊɪŋ soʊ gʊd, ju ˈwəndər waɪ ˈsəmˌbɑdi pʊt ə ˈpætənt ɔn them.”*.” noʊ ˈpætənt ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən həz bɪn faɪld, bət ðə neɪm ɪz ə ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk oʊnd baɪ kræft fudz. əˈpɑn ˈlərnɪŋ əv ðə ˈpɪkəlz, ˈbrɪʤɪt məˈkɑnəl, ə ˈsinjər ˈmænɪʤər əv ˈkɔrpərət əˈfɛrz æt kræft, rɪˈkəvərd, ənd ðɛn prəˈnaʊnst, ɛnˈdɔrs ɑr consumers’*’ ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv weɪz tɪ juz ɑr products.”*.” ˈfoʊˌtoʊ moʊst əv ðə ˈʧɪldrən æt ˈkɑrvər pərˈhæps moʊst əv ðə ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ðə ˈdɛltə baɪ ðɛr ˈpɪkəlz frəm ənˈlaɪsənst haʊs stɔrz, ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd baɪ ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ˈɛldərz hu, ˈsitɪd æt ðɛr ˈkɪʧən ˈteɪbəlz, sɛl snæks ənd ʧɪps ənd ˈkændi tɪ ˈɛniˌwən hu kəmz ˈnɑkɪŋ. (ɪf ðiz foʊks soʊld ˈwɪski ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈpɪkəlz, ðɛr ˈɛnərˌpraɪzɪz wʊd bi noʊn ɛz ʃɑt ˈhaʊsɪz.) mɪz. ˈstudənts preɪzd ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈleɪdi ɔn kwɪk ˈsərkəl huz dɔgz bɑrk wɪn ju wɔk up”*” ənd ˈwʊmən hu steɪz ɔn slɪm strit hu sɛlz ˈnɑˌʧoʊz, too.”*.” ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri æt ðə mini-mart*, sɛt əˈmɪd ðə ˈkɔtən fildz ənd ˈkætˌfɪʃ pɑndz bɪtˈwin ʃɔ ənd ˈɪndiəˈnoʊlə, ðə ˈoʊnər, ju ˈdeɪvɪs, bɪˈgæn ˈstɑkɪŋ ˈpɪkəlz ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr æt ðə bɪˈhɛst əv ˈloʊkəl ˈʧɪldrən. nɑt fər me,”*,” sɛd ˈmɪstər. ˈdeɪvɪs, 66 ðə kɪdz dən ɪt. kriˈeɪt ə laɪn əv fud fər ju; dæb ə ˈlɪtəl ˈsəmθɪŋ hir ənd ðɛr ənd meɪk ɪt ðɛr oʊn. gʊd æt inventing.”*.” ˈrisəntli, səm ˈdɛltə ˈgroʊsərz bɪˈgæn ˈsɛlɪŋ ʤɑrz əv ˈpɪkəlz. ənd ˌɑntrəprəˈnərz ər ˈimərʤɪŋ. æt ˈhoʊlˌseɪl mits ɪn ˈklivlənd, ˈælən ˈwɪljəmz sɛlz ˈplæstɪk ˈgælən ʤəgz əv bɛst meɪd dɪlz, ˈplæstərd wɪθ ðə pæks ðət dɪˈnoʊt ðə ˈfleɪvər wɪˈθɪn. (ˈmɪstər. ˈwɪljəmz dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ rɪˈvil hu ˈæˌkʧuəli meɪks hɪz ˈpɪkəlz.) əˈkrɔs taʊn æt ˈiˌstɛnd ˈgroʊsəri, ˈbɛvərli ənd klɔd ˈbɑdi stænd bɪˈhaɪnd ðɛr ˈprɑdəkts. ðeɪ hæv hoʊnd prəˈpraɪəˌtɛri ˈrɛsəpiz fər grin ənd rɛd ˈfleɪvərz ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈpɪrsɪŋ ðə ˈpɪkəlz wɪθ ə fɔrk ənd stərɪŋ təˈgɛðər ˈməltəpəl ˈfleɪvərz tɪ əˈʧiv ˈmæksəməm ˈpəkər. mɪz. ˈbɑdi, 37 wɔnts tɪ əˈplaɪ fər ə ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk ɛz ɛz aɪ kən reɪz səm ˈməni ənd ˈsɛtəl ɔn ə name.”*.” ˈbɛtər gɪt ə muv ɔn. ˈdəbəl kwɪk, ðə ʧeɪn əv mɔr ðən 30 ˈdɛltə kənˈvinjəns stɔrz (ˈfeɪməs ɪn səm ˈsərkəlz fər ə ˈsɪŋɪŋ grup, ðə ˈdəbəl kwɪk ˈgɔspəl kwaɪər, kəmˈpoʊzd əv stɔr ˈmænɪʤərz ənd ˌsupərˈvaɪzərz), həz ˈbeɪgən pərˈsuɪŋ ə ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk fər koolickle*, ə neɪm kɔɪnd baɪ rɪk beuning*, ɪts dɪˈrɛktər əv fud ˈsərvɪs. ə waɪt bɔɪ frəm ðə midwest,”*,” sɛd ˈmɪstər. beuning*, 53 maɪ fud, bət aɪ noʊ ə gʊd ˈprɑdəkt wɪn aɪ si one.”*.”
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at carver upper elementary school in indianola, students in jodi sumner’s third-grade class have no reservations about the propriety of cucumbers flavored with vinegar and drink mix. when this writer, lugging a jar of tropical-fruit-flavored pickles, recently asked the 29 students who liked to eat kool-aid pickles, 29 hands shot up.
the names came fast: ladarius, fredericka and kobreana, among others. so did the impressions: “it’s a candy pickle.” and “i like it the same as dipping hot cheetos in ice cream.” and “have you ever tried one with a watermelon blow pop?” followed by a pantomime of how the blow pop stick can be inserted so that the candy appears as a knob at one end of the pickle, allowing the eater to alternate between bites of sour-sweet pickle and licks of sweet-sour blow pop.
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nobody knows just who first decided that pickles would be improved by a bath in sugared drink mix, or when, but the invention seems to be of fairly recent provenance. typically, kool-aid pickle fans were born some time after bill clinton moved into the white house.
billie williams, 56, a special-education teacher at carver elementary, never saw one when she was a child. but she did eat dill pickles impaled on peppermint sticks, and she remembers how friends sucked the juice from cut lemons through peppermint sticks repurposed as straws. “that’s the same kind of taste,” she said. “same as how they used to dip pickle spears in dry kool-aid mix for that pucker.”
the school sells kool-aid pickles from the popular red flavor family at its fund-raisers. “they’re easy to make a gallon,” ms. williams said. “you pull the pickles from the jar, cut them in halves, make double-strength kool-aid, add a pound of sugar, shake and let it sit — best in the refrigerator — for about a week. the taste takes to anything. a while back i made a mistake and bought a jar of pickle chips instead of halves or wholes. came out fine. this whole kool-aid pickle thing is going so good, you wonder why somebody hasn’t put a patent on them.”
no patent application has been filed, but the name kool-aid is a trademark owned by kraft foods. upon learning of the pickles, bridget macconnell, a senior manager of corporate affairs at kraft, recovered, and then pronounced, “we endorse our consumers’ finding innovative ways to use our products.”
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most of the children at carver — perhaps most of the children in the delta — buy their kool-aid pickles from unlicensed house stores, operated by neighborhood elders who, seated at their kitchen tables, sell snacks and chips and candy to anyone who comes knocking. (if these folks sold whiskey instead of pickles, their enterprises would be known as shot houses.) ms. sumner’s students praised in particular “the lady on quick circle whose dogs bark when you walk up” and “the woman who stays on slim street who sells nachos, too.”
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at the stephensville mini-mart, set amid the cotton fields and catfish ponds between shaw and indianola, the owner, hugh davis, began stocking kool-aid pickles earlier this year at the behest of local children. “they’re not for me,” said mr. davis, 66. “it’s the kids who’ve done it. they’ll create a line of food for you; they’ll dab a little something here and there and make it their own. they’re good at inventing.”
recently, some delta grocers began selling jars of ready-made pickles. and entrepreneurs are emerging. at lambard’s wholesale meats in cleveland, allen williams sells plastic gallon jugs of best maid dills, plastered with the kool-aid packs that denote the flavor within. (mr. williams declined to reveal who actually makes his kool-aid pickles.)
across town at eastend grocery, beverly and claud boddie stand behind their products. they have honed proprietary recipes for green and red flavors that involve piercing the pickles with a fork and stirring together multiple kool-aid flavors to achieve maximum pucker. ms. boddie, 37, wants to apply for a trademark as “soon as i can raise some money and settle on a name.”
she’d better get a move on. double quick, the indianola-based chain of more than 30 delta convenience stores (famous in some circles for a singing group, the double quick gospel choir, composed of store managers and supervisors), has begun pursuing a trademark for koolickle, a name coined by rick beuning, its director of food service. “i’m a white boy from the midwest,” said mr. beuning, 53. “this isn’t my food, but i know a good product when i see one.”
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jɪrz əˈgoʊ aɪ gɑt ən iˈmeɪl frəm ə ˈridər hu ˈkɑmpləˌmɛntɪd mi ɔn ðə dɪˈvərsɪti əv ˈsəbʤɪkts ɪn maɪ ˈstɔriz. hi ˈnoʊtɪd ðət noʊ ˈmætər hu aɪ roʊt əˈbaʊt, aɪ sim tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ wɔk ɪn ðɛr ʃuz. hi ədˈmaɪərd ðət əˈbaʊt mi. təˈdeɪ, ðoʊ, nɑt soʊ ʃʊr aɪ kən du ðət. təˈdeɪ aɪ wɔnt tɪ ʃɛr wɪθ ju ðə ˈstɔri əv rəˈkɛl ˈwɪlɪs, ən ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈwʊmən bɔrn ənd reɪzd hir ɪn ˈʤɔrʤə. aɪ noʊ wət laɪk tɪ bi ə ˈwʊmən. aɪ noʊ wət laɪk tɪ bi ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ noʊ, bɪˈkəz aɪ gru əp ɪn ˈsɛgrəˌgeɪtɪd ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi ənd bɪˈkəz ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛˌstrumz həz bɪn ə dɪˈvaɪsɪv ˈɪʃu lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr naʊ, wət laɪk tɪ bi bɑrd frəm ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛˌstrumz ənd ˈivɪn ˈɔfəsɪz bɪˈkəz əv maɪ skɪn ˈkələr. ˈhævɪŋ sɛd ðət, bɪn ˈstrəgəlɪŋ wɪθ ðə dəˈbeɪt ˈoʊvər wɪʧ ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛˌstrumz ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈpipəl ənd ðoʊz hu ər ʃʊd bi əˈlaʊd tɪ juz. ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə vju ðət ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuəl, ˌbaɪˈsɛkʃuəl ənd ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ʃʊd bi əˈfɔrdəd ˈikwəl ˈtritmənt ˈəndər ðə lɔ. ənd ɪn ˈkipɪŋ wɪθ ðət, ðə juz. ˈʤəstɪs ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən dɪˈpɑrtmənts læst mənθ toʊld skulz ðeɪ məst əˈlaʊ ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈstudənts ˈækˌsɛs tɪ skul ˈrɛˌstrumz wɪθ ðɛr ˈʤɛndər identity.”*.” ˈsɛvərəl steɪts, ˈnoʊtəbli nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə, ˈʤɔrʤə ənd maɪ hoʊm steɪt əv ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi, ər ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ðət ˈrulɪŋ. soʊ aɪ æst rəˈkɛl hu ɪz raɪt? president,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ju aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ɛz ə ˈwʊmən, ju ʃʊd bi ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈrɛˌstrum. aɪ θɪŋk ðə fɪr əv trænz ˈpipəl ər ˈpipəl priˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ bi trænz tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ˈrɛˌstrumz tɪ əˈsɔlt ˈwɪmən ənd ˈʧɪldrən ɪz bəŋk. aɪ θɪŋk ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈpipəl ər biɪŋ juzd ɛz pɔnz tɪ hɔlt səˈsaɪɪtəl ˈprɑˌgrɛs. aɪ θɪŋk ə lɔt əv kənˈsərvətɪv ˈpipəl ər nɑt ˈhæpi əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈkəntri bɪˈkəmɪŋ mɔr ˌɪnˈklusɪv əv ˈmɑrʤənəˌlaɪzd ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz, ənd aɪ θɪŋk ðət ə lɔt əv ðɪs ɪz ə ˈbæˌklæʃ tɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪkˈwɑləti ənd pɔrˈtreɪəlz əv ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈmidiə ənd ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl ðɪs ˈfilɪŋ əv ˈprɪvɪlɪʤd ˈpipəl ˈluzɪŋ ðɛr grɪp ɔn haʊ ˈɛvriˌwən lives.”*.” rəˈkɛl ɪz 25 ənd həz θɔt lɔŋ ənd hɑrd əˈbaʊt ðɪs. hər əˈpɪnjən ɪz ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin mi ənd ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈɛkspərts ˈspaʊtɪŋ ɔf əˈbaʊt ən ˈɪʃu ənd ˈsəmˌwən hu həz ˈæˌkʧuəli wɔkt ɪn ðoʊz ʃuz. rɛd ˈstɔriz əˈbaʊt ðət taɪm wɪn ˈwɪmən ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðə ˈleɪbər fɔrs fər ðə fərst taɪm hæd tɪ faɪt tɪ gɪt ɪmˈplɔɪərz tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈrɛˌstrumz ɪn ˈwərkˌpleɪsɪz ðət hæd hɪˈstɔrɪkəli bɪn ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ mɛn; əˈbaʊt haʊ ɪn ðə 1980s*, ˈædvəˌkeɪts fər əˈmɛrɪkənz wɪθ dɪsəˈbɪlɪtiz ˈfaɪnəli bɪˈgæn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn ðɛr kwɛst fər ˈikwəl ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈpəblɪk əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃənz. aɪ ˈizəli rɪˈleɪt tɪ ðoʊz ˈɪʃuz ɛz ʃʊr ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs du, bət məʧ aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd əˈbaʊt biɪŋ ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər. waɪ aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ tɔk tɪ rəˈkɛl, tɪ hir hər ˈstɔri. ʃi rɪˈmɛmbərz ˈpipəl ˈtɛlɪŋ hər ɛz ə ʧaɪld ðət ʃi wɑz fər ə boy,”*,” ənd ðeɪ kɔld hər slərz laɪk ““sissy,”*,” ˈtritɪd hər laɪk ən ˈaʊtˌkæst. ə lɔŋ taɪm, aɪ θɔt aɪ wɑz gay,”*,” ʃi sɛd. laɪkt bɔɪz, bət aɪ ˈnɛvər fɛlt laɪk ðət fɪt completely.”*.” ʃi ˈɔfən wɪʃt ʃi wər ə gərl ənd, ɪn hər drimz, hu ʃi wɑz. noʊ ˈmætər haʊ hɑrd hər dæd traɪd, ənd hi traɪd ə lɔt, ʃi fɪt ˈɛni ˌstɛrioʊˈtɪpɪkəl meɪl roʊl. ʃi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn spɔrts. ʃi ækt laɪk ə bɔɪ, ənd ʃi fɛlt dɪˈskəmfərt biɪŋ rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz ə bɔɪ. ˈrɪli fil raɪt fər mi soʊ wɪθ ðət ənd groʊɪŋ əp ɪn ə ˈvɛri ˈkæθlɪk, ˈsəðərn blæk ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld, ɪt wɑz ə ˈstrəgəl tɪ bi soʊ different,”*,” ʃi sɛd. maɪ mɑm nɔr maɪ dæd hæd ðɪs ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ər minz tɪ traɪ tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ər gɪv mi speɪs tɪ groʊ ðə weɪ aɪ ˈnidɪd. noʊ fɔlt bɪˈkəz aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ðət language.”*.” fər wən θɪŋ, ðə wərd ““transgender”*” ˈmeɪnˌstrim ɪn ðə ənd ˈsərtənli nɑt hir ɪn ðə saʊθ wɛr rəˈkɛl gru əp wɪθ hər tu ˈoʊldər ˈsɪblɪŋz. dɪˈspaɪt ðɛr ˈdɪfərənsɪz, ʃi ənd hər ˈfɑðər wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ fɔrʤ ə ˈminɪŋfəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ənˈtɪl hɪz dɛθ ɪn 2011 hi daɪd, ɪt wɑz ˈdɪfəkəlt bɪˈkəz aɪ fɛlt laɪk aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ pruv tɪ ɪm aɪ kʊd meɪk ɪt biɪŋ myself,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ˈwɔntɪd ɪm tɪ si mi ˈblɑsəm ˈɪntu ðə ˈpərsən aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bi, bət ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ frid mi tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ ʃɔrt laɪf ɪz ənd haʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪt wɑz fər mi tɪ lɪv maɪ laɪf ɔn maɪ terms.”*.” baɪ dɪˈsɛmbər əv ðət jɪr, rəˈkɛl ˈriəˌlaɪzd ʃi ˈnidɪd ˈθɛrəpi tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt hər ˈfilɪŋz. wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv hər ˈməðər, ʃi wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ riˈtreɪs hər ˈhɪstəri. ʃi rɪˈkɔld ˈsikrɪtli pleɪɪŋ wɪθ hər ˈmeɪˌkəp ənd ˈʃɛrɪŋ wɪθ hər mɑm ðət ʃi fil laɪk ə bɔɪ. ənd soʊ ɪn 2012 ˈæftər ʃi mɛt ˈəðər ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈpipəl æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈʤɔrʤə, ʃi ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət ˈpipəl hu ˈrɪli kɛrd əˈbaʊt hər wʊd teɪk ðə taɪm tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ənd səˈpɔrt hər dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ lɪv laɪf ˌɔˈθɛnɪkli. ˈstɑrtɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt ˈproʊnaʊnz ənd ˈdɪfərənt neɪmz, traɪɪŋ ɪt aʊt tɪ si ɪf ɪt wərkt, haʊ ɪt felt,”*,” ʃi sɛd. aɪ faʊnd ‘‘raquel.’”*.’” ʃi ˈfaɪnəli ɛmˈbreɪst hər truθ, bət ʃi noʊ haʊ tɪ muv ˈfɔrwərd. ʃi kənˈsɪdərd ˈhævɪŋ ˈsərʤəri tɪ ˈfʊli trænˈzɪʃən, bət ʃi wɑz ɔn ðə fɛns. ðɛn ʃi ˈtrævəld tɪ ˈmaɪˌlæn, ˈɪtəli, fər ə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ˈɪntərnˌʃɪp, ʃi riˈtritɪd bæk ˈɪntu ðə ˈklɑzət bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz ˈiziər ənd ˈseɪfər. bət ˌɪnˈsaɪd ʃi wɑz mɔr dɪˈtərmənd tɪ bi hərˈsɛlf. ɛz sun ɛz ʃi rɪˈtərnd hoʊm, ʃi sɛnt ə dɪˈteɪld iˈmeɪl tɪ hər ˈməðər ənd ˈsɪblɪŋz. ʃi wɑz dən ˈhaɪdɪŋ ənd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ stɑrt ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl trænˈzɪʃən wɪθ ər wɪˈθaʊt ðɛr səˈpɔrt. ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 6 ənd wɪθ hər ˈblɛsɪŋz, ʃi bɪˈgæn ˈhɔrˌmoʊnəl ˈtritmənts. ˈbɑdi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ. ðə weɪ aɪ fɛlt changed,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ˈmætər ˈpipəl ˌəndərˈstænd. aɪ fɛlt mɔr ril. aɪ fɛlt mɔr æt hoʊm, ɛmˈboʊldənd tɪ bi ˈaʊtˈspoʊkən ənd ˈstrɔŋgər ɪn maɪ convictions.”*.” ʃi wɑz æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈʤɔrʤə pərˈsuɪŋ ə dɪˈgri ɪn ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm wɪn ʃi juzd ðə ˈbæθˌrum fər ðə fərst taɪm. ʃi ˈwərid ˈsəmˌwən wʊd jɛl æt hər tɪ gɪt aʊt bət ˈnəθɪŋ ˈhæpənd. dɪd wət aɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ du ənd left,”*,” ʃi sɛd. ˈæftər ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪŋ ɪn 2013 rəˈkɛl spɛnt ə jɪr ˈwərkɪŋ æt ðə ˈwɔltən ˈtrɪbjun. ʃi həz spɛnt ðə læst θri ˈmoʊstli ɛz ə ˈraɪtər ənd ˈæktɪvɪst, ˈspikɪŋ aʊt ɔn ˈɪʃuz əv reɪs, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʤəstɪs ənd ˈʤɛndər. hər laɪf həz ˈgɔtən ˈiziər. ʃi muvz θru soʊˈsaɪɪti wɪθ mɔr ˈkɑnfədɛns, noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈfilɪŋ ʃi həz tɪ haɪd hu ʃi ˈrɪli ɪz. æt ðə seɪm, ʃi hɛlp biɪŋ kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ɔl ðə θɪŋz ðət kəm wɪθ biɪŋ blæk, biɪŋ ˈwʊmən ənd biɪŋ ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər. hæv spɛnt maɪ ɪnˈtaɪər laɪf biɪŋ kɔld θɪŋz aɪ ənd biɪŋ tɔkt tɪ ɪn ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ways,”*,” ʃi sɛd. æm nɑt əˈbaʊt tɪ lɛt wət ˈpipəl seɪ ər du kip mi frəm biɪŋ maɪ əˈθɛnɪk self.”*.” aɪ spɛnt ˈnɪrli tu aʊərz wɪθ rəˈkɛl ənd aɪ stɪl ˈstrəgəl tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd hər ˈʤərni. bət ˈmeɪbi ˈoʊˈkeɪ. ˈmeɪbi æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ wət ˈrɪli ˈmætərz ɪz aɪ wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ kəˈnɛkt wɪθ ðə ˈjumən ˌəndərˈniθ ðə ˈleɪbəl.
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years ago i got an email from a reader who complimented me on the diversity of subjects in my stories.
he noted that no matter who i wrote about, i seem to be able to walk in their shoes. he admired that about me.
today, though, i’m not so sure i can do that. today i want to share with you the story of raquel willis, an african-american transgender woman born and raised here in georgia.
i know what it’s like to be a woman. i know what it’s like to be african-american. i also know, because i grew up in segregated mississippi and because access to public restrooms has been a divisive issue long before now, what it’s like to be barred from public restrooms and even doctor’s offices because of my skin color.
having said that, i’ve been struggling with the on-going debate over which public restrooms transgender people and those who are gender-nonconforming should be allowed to use.
it’s the obama administration’s view that homosexual, bisexual and transgender individuals should be afforded equal treatment under the law. and in keeping with that, the u.s. justice and education departments last month told schools they must allow transgender students access to school restrooms “consistent with their gender identity.”
several states, notably north carolina, georgia and my home state of mississippi, are challenging that ruling.
so i asked raquel who is right?
“the president,” she said. “if you identify as a woman, you should be using the woman’s restroom. i think the fear of trans people or people pretending to be trans to get into restrooms to assault women and children is bunk. i think transgender people are being used as pawns to halt societal progress. i think a lot of conservative people are not happy about our country becoming more inclusive of marginalized individuals, and i think that a lot of this is a backlash to marriage equality and portrayals of transgender people in the media and in general this feeling of privileged people losing their grip on how everyone lives.”
raquel is 25 and has thought long and hard about this. her opinion is the difference between me and so-called experts spouting off about an issue and someone who has actually walked in those shoes.
i’ve read stories about that time when women joining the labor force for the first time had to fight to get employers to provide restrooms in workplaces that had historically been dominated by men; about how in the 1980s, advocates for americans with disabilities finally began making progress in their quest for equal access to public accommodations.
i easily relate to those issues as i’m sure many of us do, but there’s much i don’t understand about being transgender. it’s why i wanted to talk to raquel, to hear her story.
she remembers people telling her as a child that she was “feminine for a boy,” and they called her slurs like “sissy,” treated her like an outcast.
“for a long time, i thought i was gay,” she said. “i liked boys, but i never felt like that fit completely.”
she often wished she were a girl and, in her dreams, that’s who she was. no matter how hard her dad tried, and he tried a lot, she didn’t fit any stereotypical male role. she wasn’t interested in sports. she didn’t act like a boy, and she felt discomfort being referred to as a boy.
“that didn’t really feel right for me so with that and growing up in a very catholic, southern black household, it was a struggle to be so different,” she said. “neither my mom nor my dad had this language or means to try to understand or give me space to grow the way i needed. there’s no fault because i also didn’t have that language.”
for one thing, the word “transgender” wasn’t mainstream in the ’90s and certainly not here in the south where raquel grew up with her two older siblings.
despite their differences, she and her father were able to forge a meaningful relationship until his death in 2011.
“when he died, it was difficult because i felt like i wanted to prove to him i could make it being myself,” she said. “i wanted him to see me blossom into the person i wanted to be, but it also freed me to understand how short life is and how important it was for me to live my life on my terms.”
by december of that year, raquel realized she needed therapy to figure out her feelings. with the help of her mother, she was able to retrace her history. she recalled secretly playing with her mother’s makeup and sharing with her mom that she didn’t feel like a boy.
and so in 2012, after she met other transgender people at the university of georgia, she realized that people who really cared about her would take the time to understand and support her decision to live life authentically.
“i started using different pronouns and different names, trying it out to see if it worked, how it felt,” she said. “eventually i found ‘raquel.’”
she finally embraced her truth, but she didn’t know how to move forward. she considered having surgery to fully transition, but she was on the fence. then she traveled to milan, italy, for a social media marketing internship, she retreated back into the closet because it was easier and safer.
but inside she was more determined to be herself. as soon as she returned home, she sent a detailed email to her mother and siblings. she was done hiding and decided to start the physical transition with or without their support.
on july 6, and with her mother’s blessings, she began hormonal treatments.
“my body started changing. the way i felt changed,” she said. “it didn’t matter people didn’t understand. i felt more real. i felt more at home, emboldened to be outspoken and stronger in my convictions.”
she was at the university of georgia pursuing a degree in journalism when she used the women’s bathroom for the first time. she worried someone would yell at her to get out but nothing happened.
“i did what i needed to do and left,” she said.
after graduating in 2013, raquel spent a year working at the walton tribune. she has spent the last three mostly as a writer and activist, speaking out on issues of race, social justice and gender.
her life has gotten easier. she moves through society with more confidence, no longer feeling she has to hide who she really is. at the same, she can’t help being concerned about all the things that come with being black, being woman and being transgender.
“i have spent my entire life being called things i wasn’t and being talked to in damaging ways,” she said. “i am not about to let what people say or do keep me from being my authentic self.”
i spent nearly two hours with raquel and i still struggle to understand her journey. but maybe that’s ok. maybe at the end of the day what really matters is i was able to connect with the human underneath the label.
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əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ ə ˈpərsɪnəl ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən fər ˈjuˈɛs ˈwɪsəlˌbloʊər tɪ əˈtɛnd ˈhirɪŋ wʊd pʊt 'greɪv streɪn' ɔn riˈleɪʃənz ðə ˈʤərmən ˈgəvərnmənt həz blɑkt ˈɛdwərd sˈnoʊdən frəm ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈpərsɪnəl ˈɛvədəns ɪn frənt əv ə ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu sərˈveɪləns, ɪt həz ˈimərʤd aʊərz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈænʤələ ˈmərkəl ˈtrævəlz tɪ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən fər ə ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə. ɪn ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈmɛmbərz əv ə ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri kəˈmɪti əbˈteɪnd baɪ ˈzaɪtəŋ, ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ ə ˈpərsɪnəl ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən fər ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈwɪsəlˌbloʊər wʊd "rən ˈkaʊntər tɪ ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈɪntərɪsts əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl riˈpəblɪk", ənd "pʊt ə greɪv ənd ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt streɪn" ɔn riˈleɪʃənz. ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈpɑrti ˈmɛmbərz ɪn ðə kəˈmɪti frəm ðə lɛft ənd grin ˈpɑrti hæd fər wiks ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət ðə ˈfɔrmər ɪmˈplɔɪi wɑz ə ki ˈwɪtnəs ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr wʊd nid tɪ əˈpɪr ɪn ˈpərsən, nɑt list bɪˈkəz əv kənˈsərnz ðət ˈrəʃə ˈəðərˌwaɪz kʊd ˈɪnfluəns hɪz ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈrulɪŋ ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrtiz, sɛd ðət ə ˈrɪtən kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr wʊd səˈfaɪs. ðə dɪsəˈgrimənt lɛd tɪ ðə ˌrɛzɪgˈneɪʃən əv ðə hɛd əv ðə kəˈmɪti ðɪs mənθ. læst ʤun ðə ˈʤərmən ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstri rɪˈʤɛktɪd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən fər əˈsaɪləm bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz nɑt səbˈmɪtəd ɪn ˈpərsən ɔn ˈʤərmən sɔɪl. ɪf sˈnoʊdən hæd bɪn ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ɛz ə ˈwɪtnəs, hi kʊd hæv mɛt ðiz rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ˈgɪvɪn ðət ˈoʊnli ðə ˈgəvərnmənt kʊd səˈplaɪ sˈnoʊdən wɪθ ˈpərˌmɪts fər ˈɛnərɪŋ ənd steɪɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkəntri, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈligəl prəˈtɛkʃən frəm ən ˌɛkstrəˈdɪʃən kˈwiri, ɪt naʊ lʊks ˈhaɪli ənˈlaɪkli ðət ðə ˈwɪsəlˌbloʊər wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈtrævəl tɪ ˈʤərməni ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz əˈsaɪləm ɪn ˈrəʃə ɪkˈspaɪərz æt ðə ɛnd əv ʤun. ˈlɔjər sɛd ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðət ʃi ɪkˈspɛktɪd hɪz ˈrəʃən ˈvizə tɪ bi rɪˈnud. ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz sɛd ðeɪ wʊd sik weɪz tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ðə ˈgəvərnmənts ˈviˌtoʊ. ðə grin ˈpɑrti ˈlidər, sɪˈmoʊn ˈpitər, əˈkjuzd ðə ˈʧænsələr əv ˈkaʊərdəs. "ˈmərkəl ɪz dɪˈspleɪɪŋ ˈkaʊərdəs təˈwɔrdz ɑr ˈælaɪ əˈmɛrɪkə," ʃi sɛd. "wi oʊ ðə əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈnəθɪŋ ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspɛkt. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt məst æt list meɪk ə ˈsɪriəs ˈɛfərt tɪ ˈseɪfli brɪŋ sˈnoʊdən tɪ ˈʤərməni ənd lɛt ɪm gɪv ˈɛvədəns hir. bət ˈmərkəl ˈdəzənt wɔnt ðət." ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈspoʊksmən, ˈstɛfən ˈsaɪbərt, sɛd ðət ˈivɪn ðoʊ bərˈlɪn læst jɪr prɛst fər ə baɪˈlætərəl "no-spy*" pækt wɪθ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, "ˈkɑnkrit rɪˈzəlts" wər nɑt ɪkˈspɛktɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˈvɪzɪt. ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈʤərmən ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz kənˈfərmd ðət ˈmərkəl wʊd reɪz ðə ˈɪʃu əv sərˈveɪləns ˈdʊrɪŋ hər ˈskɛʤʊld ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ˌoʊˈbɑmə, bət ðət ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə juˈkreɪn ənd ðə ˌtrænzəˈtlænɪk treɪd əˈgrimənt (ttip*) wʊd ˈdɑməˌneɪt ðə əˈʤɛndə.
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officials say a personal invitation for us whistleblower to attend hearing would put 'grave strain' on us-german relations
the german government has blocked edward snowden from giving personal evidence in front of a parliamentary inquiry into nsa surveillance, it has emerged hours before angela merkel travels to washington for a meeting with barack obama.
in a letter to members of a parliamentary committee obtained by süddeutsche zeitung, government officials say a personal invitation for the us whistleblower would "run counter to the political interests of the federal republic", and "put a grave and permanent strain" on us-german relations.
opposition party members in the committee from the left and green party had for weeks insisted that the former nsa employee was a key witness and therefore would need to appear in person, not least because of concerns that russia otherwise could influence his testimony.
however, the ruling christian democratic and social democratic parties, said that a written questionnaire would suffice. the disagreement led to the resignation of the cdu head of the committee this month.
last june the german foreign ministry rejected snowden's application for asylum because it was not submitted in person on german soil. if snowden had been invited as a witness, he could have met these requirements.
given that only the government could supply snowden with permits for entering and staying in the country, as well as legal protection from an extradition query, it now looks highly unlikely that the whistleblower will be able to travel to germany before his asylum in russia expires at the end of june. snowden's lawyer jesselyn radack said on wednesday that she expected his russian visa to be renewed.
opposition politicians said they would seek ways to challenge the government's veto. the green party leader, simone peter, accused the chancellor of cowardice.
"merkel is displaying cowardice towards our ally america," she said. "we owe the americans nothing in this respect. the government must at least make a serious effort to safely bring snowden to germany and let him give evidence here. but merkel doesn't want that."
on friday merkel's spokesman, steffen seibert, said that even though berlin last year pressed for a bilateral "no-spy" pact with washington, "concrete results" were not expected during merkel's us visit.
on tuesday german government officials confirmed that merkel would raise the issue of nsa surveillance during her scheduled four-hour meeting with obama, but that the situation in the ukraine and the transatlantic trade agreement (ttip) would dominate the agenda.
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nil ˈgɔrsəʧ, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmps juz. səˈprim kɔrt pɪk, sɛd ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ðət hi wʊd hæv 'wɔkt aʊt ðə dɔr' ɪf ðə ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv həz æst ɪm tɪ roʊ vi weɪd. ðə ˈfɛdərəl ʤəʤ ˈmaʊnɪd ə dɪˈfɛns əv hɪz ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ɛz ə ʤəʤ ɛz hi wɑz kˈwɛsʧənd baɪ ˈsɛnətərz, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðə dɪˈsɪʒən ðət ˈligəˌlaɪzd əˈbɔrʃən, ɪz ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈligəl ˈprɛsɪdənt ðət wʊd bi ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˈoʊvərˌtərn. ˈgɔrsəʧ sɛd ɪn hɪz ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈhirɪŋ ðət ðə ˈlændˌmɑrk ˈwɪmənz raɪts keɪs həz bɪn ˌriəˈfərmd ˈmɛni taɪmz. 'ɪt ɪz ə ˈprɛsɪdənt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts səˈprim kɔrt,' ˈgɔrsəʧ toʊld ðə ˈsɛnɪt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti, 'soʊ ə gʊd ʤəʤ wɪl kənˈsɪdər ɪt ɛz ˈprɛsɪdənt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts səˈprim kɔrt ˈwərði ɛz ˈtritmənt əv ˈprɛsɪdənt laɪk ˈɛni ˈəðər.' trəmp sɛd ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn ðət hi wʊd əˈpɔɪnt ˈoʊnli ˈʤəʤɪz tɪ ðə haɪ kɔrt, ənd prɪˈdɪktɪd ðət ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm rɪˈzəlt wʊd bi dɪˈmaɪz. bət ˈgɔrsəʧ ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðə ˈkeɪsɪz ˈstætəs ɛz ə rɪˈpitɪdli dɪˈfɛndɪd dɪˈsɪʒən 'ædz tɪ ðə əv ðə lɔ. wət wɑz wəns ə ˈhɑtli kənˈtɛstəd ˈɪʃu ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə ˈhɑtli kənˈtɛstəd ˈɪʃu. wi muv ˈfɔrwərd.' nil ɛm. ˈgɔrsəʧ ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈsɛnɪt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti ɔn hɪz ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən tɪ bi ən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt ˈʤəstɪs əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs səˈprim kɔrt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ðə 'roʊ vi. weɪd' əˈbɔrʃən keɪs ɪz ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈprɛsɪdənt ðət wʊd bi hɑrd tɪ ˈoʊvərˌtərn ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp, ʃoʊn ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt ɪn ˈluiˌvɪl, kənˈtəki, sɛd ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz waɪt haʊs kæmˈpeɪn ðət hi wʊd ˈoʊnli əˈpɔɪnt ˈʤəstɪsɪz tɪ ðə haɪ kɔrt hi wɑz æst baɪ saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈsɛnətər ˈlɪndzi græm haʊ hi wʊd hæv riˈæktɪd tɪ ə dɪˈmænd frəm trəmp wɪn ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt wɑz ˈɪntərvˌjuɪŋ ɪm tɪ ˈoʊvərˌtərn roʊ vi weɪd. 'aɪ wʊd hæv wɔkt aʊt ðə dɔr,' hi rɪˈplaɪd. 'ɪt ɪz nɑt ə ˈʤəʤɪz du. ðeɪ ʃʊd nɑt du ɪt ə ðət ɛnd əv ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ˈævəˌnu ənd ðeɪ ʃʊd nɑt du ɪt æt ðɪs ɛnd, rɪˈspɛktfəli.' ðə ˈfɛdərəl əˈpilz kɔrt ʤəʤ sɛd ˈərliər ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ðət hi wʊd hæv noʊ ˈtrəbəl ˈrulɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ɛz hi traɪd tɪ steɪk aʊt hɪz ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns əˈmɪd kənˈsərnz baɪ ˈdɛməˌkræts ðət hi wʊd bi bɪˈhoʊldən tɪ ðə mæn hu ˈnɑməˌneɪtəd ɪm. wɪθ ðə ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈbæləns əv ðə səˈprim kɔrt æt steɪk, ðə ˈsɛnɪt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti ˈoʊpənd ðə ˈsɛkənd deɪ əv ɪts ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈhirɪŋ fər ˈgɔrsəʧ, ə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈfɛdərəl əˈpilz kɔrt ʤəʤ frəm ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ. rɪˈpəblɪkənz, hu kənˈtroʊl ˈkɑŋgrəs, hæv preɪzd ˈgɔrsəʧ, 49 ɛz ˈhaɪli kˈwɑləˌfaɪd fər ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əˈpɔɪntmənt ɛz ə ˈʤəstɪs. ʧək ˈgræsli, ðə ˈpænəlz rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈʧɛrmən, æst ˈgɔrsəʧ 'ˈwɛðər jʊd hæv ˈɛni ˈtrəbəl ˈrulɪŋ əˈgɛnst ə ˈprɛzɪdənt hu əˈpɔɪntɪd ju.' 'ðæts ə ˈsɔfˌbɔl, ˈmɪstər. ˈʧɛrmən,' ˈgɔrsəʧ sɛd. 'aɪ hæv noʊ ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti ˈrulɪŋ əˈgɛnst ər fər ˈɛni ˈpɑrti, ˈəðər ðən beɪst ɔn wət ðə lɔ ənd fækts ɪn ðə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr keɪs ˌrikˈwaɪər. ənd əm ˈhɑrtənd baɪ ðə səˈpɔrt aɪ hæv rɪˈsivd frəm ˈpipəl hu ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət ðɛrz noʊ səʧ θɪŋ ɛz ə rɪˈpəblɪkən ʤəʤ ər ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ʤəʤ. wi ʤɪst hæv ˈʤəʤɪz ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri.' ˈgɔrsəʧ ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd hi wʊd bi ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt, ˌɪmˈpɑrʃəl ʤəʤ hu wʊd hæv noʊ ˈprɑbləm ˈrulɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt hu əˈpɔɪntɪd ɪm ˈgɔrsəʧ ˈsaɪtɪd mɔr ðən ə ˈdəzən ˈkeɪsɪz frəm ˈmɛməri wɛr hi ɛz ruld əˈgɛnst ˈkɔrpərət ənd ˈgəvərnmənt dɪˈfɛndənts ənd ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv 'ðə ˈlɪtəl gaɪ' dɪˈspaɪt slɪm ˈʧænsɪz əv ˈblɑkɪŋ hɪz ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt, ˈdɛməˌkræts hæv reɪzd kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ˌsutəˈbɪlɪti fər ðə ʤɑb. 'aɪ hæv ˈɔfərd noʊ ˈprɑməsəz ɔn haʊ aɪd rul ɪn ˈɛni keɪs tɪ ˈɛniˌwən. ənd aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ɪts əˈproʊpriˌeɪt fər ə ʤəʤ tɪ du soʊ, noʊ ˈmætər huz duɪŋ ðə ˈæskɪŋ. ənd aɪ doʊnt, bɪˈkəz ˈɛvriˌbɑdi wɔnts ə fɛr ʤəʤ tɪ kəm tɪ ðɛr keɪs wɪθ ən ˈoʊpən maɪnd ənd tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ɪt ɔn ðə fækts ənd ðə lɔ,' ˈgɔrsəʧ toʊld ðə kəˈmɪti. hi meɪd nuz kˈwɪkli, dɪˈklɛrɪŋ ˈəndər kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ frəm ˈræŋkɪŋ kəˈmɪti ˈdɛməˌkræt daɪæn ˈfaɪnˌstin ðət 'ˈdɪstrɪkt əv kəˈləmbiə vi. ˈhɛlər,' ə səˈprim kɔrt keɪs ðət ˈstrɛŋθənd ˈsɛkənd əˈmɛndmənt gən raɪts, ɪz 'ðə lɔ əv ðə lænd.' wɪn ˈfaɪnˌstin grɪld ɪm əˈbaʊt ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv dɪˈsɪʒənz hi ˈhændɪd daʊn ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz, ˈgɔrsəʧ ˈrætəld ɔf ə lɪst əv mɔr ðən ə ˈdəzən ˈkeɪsɪz wɛr hi ruld ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˈɔrdəˌnɛri əˈmɛrɪkənz ənd əˈgɛnst ˈkɔrpərət ˈɪntərɪsts. 'haʊ du wi hæv ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn ju ðət ju woʊnt ʤɪst bi fər ðə bɪg ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz, ðət ju wɪl bi fər ðə ˈlɪtəl mæn?' ˈfaɪnˌstin æst ɪm. 'aɪv pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn əˈpɪnjənz ˈoʊvər tɛn ənd ə hæf jɪrz. ənd ɪf ju wɔnt ˈkeɪsɪz wɛr aɪv ruld fər ðə ˈlɪtəl gaɪ ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə bɪg gaɪ, ðɛr ər ˈplɛnti əv ðɛm.' æst tɪ səbˈmɪt ɪgˈzæmpəlz ɪn ˈraɪtɪŋ, ˈgɔrsəʧ rɪˈspɑndɪd: 'aɪl neɪm ə bənʧ əv ðɛm raɪt naʊ!' əˈməŋ ðə ˈkeɪsɪz hi ˈsaɪtɪd wər dɪˈsɪʒənz ðət prəˈtɛktɪd ˈævərɪʤ əˈmɛrɪkənz frəm jərˈeɪniəm pəˈluʃən ənd ˈprɛgnənsi dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən. ˈgɔrsəʧ wɑz əˈkəmpənid tɪ ˈmənˌdeɪz ənd ˈtuzˌdeɪz ˈhirɪŋz baɪ hɪz waɪf luiz ðə ˈsɛnɪt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪtiz ˈræŋkɪŋ ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈmɛmbər daɪæn ˈfaɪnˌstin ˈɔfərd ðə fərst ˈminɪŋfəl ˈgrɪlɪŋ əv ˈgɔrsəʧ ˈgɔrsəʧ, ˈwɛrɪŋ ə ˈneɪvi blu sut ənd ə ˈpərpəl taɪ, ʃʊk hænz wɪθ səˈpɔrtərz ənd ˈsɛnətərz ɛz hi əraɪvd ɪn ðə kəˈmɪti rum. ˈgræsli sɛd ðə ˈhirɪŋ kʊd læst əˈbaʊt 10 aʊərz, wɪθ ɔl ðə kəˈmɪti ˈmɛmbərz ˈgɪtɪŋ tɪ kˈwɛʃən ɪm. ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈhirɪŋ rɪˈzumd ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, əˈbaʊt 60 ˈgɔrsəʧ səˈpɔrtərz ˈrælid ɔn ðə ˈsaɪdˌwɔk ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈɔfəs ˈbɪldɪŋ, ˈmɛni frəm ə ˈstudənt ˈmuvmənt ˈkɛriɪŋ saɪnz seɪɪŋ, 'wi doʊnt nid plænd ˈpɛrənˌthʊd,' rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈwɪmənz ˈhɛlθˌkɛr prəˈvaɪdər ðət pərˈfɔrmz əˈbɔrʃənz. ɪn hɪz ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ ðə ˈpænəl ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, ˈgɔrsəʧ dɪˈfɛndɪd hɪz ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈrɛkərd, ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪŋ ðə nid fər 'ˈnutrəl ənd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈʤəʤɪz tɪ əˈplaɪ ðə lɔ.' ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd ðɛr laɪnz əv əˈtæk ɪn ðɛr ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈsteɪtmənts ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, wɪθ səm ˈsɛnətərz seɪɪŋ ðeɪ wʊd prɛs ɪm ɔn ˈwɛðər hi ɪz ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ɪˈnəf frəm trəmp, hu həz kənˈdɛmd ˈfɛdərəl ˈʤəʤɪz hu hæv pʊt ɔn hoʊld hɪz tu ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdərz tɪ bæn ðə ˈɛntri ˈɪntu ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əv ˈpipəl frəm ˈsɛvərəl ˈkəntriz. ˈgɔrsəʧ wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ feɪs kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈkeɪsɪz hi həz ˈhændəld ɔn ðə əˈpilz kɔrt ɪn wɪʧ ˈkɔrpərət ˈɪntərɪsts wən aʊt ˈoʊvər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈwərkərz. kəˈmɪti ˈʧɛrmən ʧək ˈgræsli (ˈsɛnər) ˈɔfərd ˈʤoʊviəl preɪz fər ˈgɔrsəʧ noʊ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ˈgɔrsəʧ ˈɔfərd ə ʧaɪld ə fɪst bəmp ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtuzˌdeɪz prəˈsidɪŋz bɪˈgæn ˈfaɪnˌstin sɛd ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ʃi ˈwɔntɪd əˈʃʊrəntsɪz ðət ˈgɔrsəʧ wʊd nɑt sik tɪ ˈoʊvərˌtərn ðə səˈprim kɔrts ˈlændˌmɑrk 1973 keɪs roʊ vi. weɪd, wɪʧ ˈligəˌlaɪzd əˈbɔrʃən ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ʃi ənd ˈəðər ˈdɛməˌkræts ər ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ kˈwɛʃən ˈgɔrsəʧ ɔn ˈwɛðər hi wʊd səˈpɔrt gən riˈstrɪkʃənz, kæmˈpeɪn ˈfaɪˌnæns lɔz ənd ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz. ˈgræsli sɛd ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ðə kəˈmɪti ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ voʊt ɔn ðə ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən ɔn ˈeɪprəl 3 wɪθ ðə fʊl ˈsɛnɪt voʊt ˈlaɪkli sun ˈæftər. ðə ˈhirɪŋ kʊd læst fɔr deɪz. ɪf ˈgɔrsəʧ ɪz kənˈfərmd baɪ ðə ˈsɛnɪt, ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd, hi wʊd rɪˈstɔr ə ˈnɛroʊ kənˈsərvətɪv kɔrt məˈʤɔrəti. ðə sit həz bɪn ˈveɪkənt fər 13 mənθs, sɪns ðə dɛθ əv kənˈsərvətɪv ˈʤəstɪs ˈæntənɪn ˈskɑljə. ðə kɔrts ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈlinɪŋ kʊd hɛlp dɪˈtərmən ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ˈkeɪsɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ðə dɛθ ˈpɛnəlti, əˈbɔrʃən, gən kənˈtroʊl, ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz, ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər raɪts, ˈvoʊtɪŋ raɪts, ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən, rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈlɪbərˌti, ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl paʊərz ənd mɔr. rɪˈpəblɪkənz hoʊld 52 əv ðə ˈsɛnɪts 100 sits. ˈəndər ˈprɛzənt rulz, ˈgɔrsəʧ wʊd nid 60 voʊts tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən. ɪf ˈgɔrsəʧ ˈkænɑt ˈməstər 60 rɪˈpəblɪkənz kʊd ʧeɪnʤ ðə rulz tɪ əˈlaʊ ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən baɪ ə ˈsɪmpəl məˈʤɔrəti.
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neil gorsuch, president donald trump's u.s. supreme court pick, said on tuesday that he would have 'walked out the door' if the chief executive has asked him to over-turn roe v wade.
the federal judge mounted a defense of his independence as a judge as he was questioned by senators, and also suggested that the 44-year-old decision that legalized abortion, is a powerful legal precedent that would be difficult to overturn.
gorsuch said in his confirmation hearing that the landmark women's rights case has been reaffirmed many times.
'it is a precedent of the united states supreme court,' gorsuch told the senate judiciary committee, 'so a good judge will consider it as precedent of the united states supreme court worthy as treatment of precedent like any other.'
trump said during his presidential campaign that he would appoint only anti-abortion judges to the high court, and predicted that the long-term result would be roe's demise.
but gorsuch insisted the case's status as a repeatedly defended decision 'adds to the determinacy of the law. what was once a hotly contested issue is no longer a hotly contested issue. we move forward.'
neil m. gorsuch testified before the senate judiciary committee on his nomination to be an associate justice of the us supreme court on tuesday, suggesting that the 'roe v. wade' abortion case is a powerful precedent that would be hard to overturn
president donald trump, shown monday night in louisville, kentucky, said during his white house campaign that he would only appoint pro-life justices to the high court
he was asked by south carolina republican senator lindsey graham how he would have reacted to a demand from trump when the president was interviewing him to overturn roe v wade.
'i would have walked out the door,' he replied.
'it is not a judge's due. they should not do it a that end of pennsylvania avenue and they should not do it at this end, respectfully.'
the federal appeals court judge said earlier on tuesday that he would have no trouble ruling against the president as he tried to stake out his independence amid concerns by democrats that he would be beholden to the man who nominated him.
with the ideological balance of the supreme court at stake, the senate judiciary committee opened the second day of its confirmation hearing for gorsuch, a conservative federal appeals court judge from colorado.
republicans, who control congress, have praised gorsuch, 49, as highly qualified for a lifetime appointment as a justice.
chuck grassley, the panel's republican chairman, asked gorsuch 'whether you'd have any trouble ruling against a president who appointed you.'
'that's a softball, mr. chairman,' gorsuch said. 'i have no difficulty ruling against or for any party, other than based on what the law and facts in the particular case require. and i'm heartened by the support i have received from people who recognize that there's no such thing as a republican judge or a democratic judge. we just have judges in this country.'
gorsuch insisted he would be an independent, impartial judge who would have no problem ruling against the president who appointed him
gorsuch cited more than a dozen cases from memory where he as ruled against corporate and government defendants and in favor of 'the little guy'
despite slim chances of blocking his nomination in the republican-led senate, democrats have raised questions about gorsuch's suitability for the job.
'i have offered no promises on how i'd rule in any case to anyone. and i don't think it's appropriate for a judge to do so, no matter who's doing the asking. and i don't, because everybody wants a fair judge to come to their case with an open mind and to decide it on the facts and the law,' gorsuch told the committee.
he made news quickly, declaring under questioning from ranking committee democrat dianne feinstein that 'district of columbia v. heller,' a supreme court case that strengthened second amendment gun rights, is 'the law of the land.'
when feinstein grilled him about a handful of decisions he handed down in favor of corporations, gorsuch rattled off a list of more than a dozen cases where he ruled in favor of ordinary americans and against corporate interests.
'how do we have confidence in you that you won't just be for the big corporations, that you will be for the little man?' feinstein asked him.
'i've participated in 2,700 opinions over ten and a half years. and if you want cases where i've ruled for the little guy as well as the big guy, there are plenty of them.'
asked to submit examples in writing, gorsuch responded: 'i'll name a bunch of them right now!'
among the cases he cited were decisions that protected average americans from uranium pollution and pregnancy discrimination.
gorsuch was accompanied to monday's and tuesday's hearings by his wife louise
the senate judiciary committee's ranking democratic member dianne feinstein offered the first meaningful grilling of gorsuch
gorsuch, wearing a navy blue suit and a purple tie, shook hands with supporters and senators as he arrived in the committee room. grassley said the hearing could last about 10 hours, with all the committee members getting to question him.
before the hearing resumed on tuesday, about 60 gorsuch supporters rallied on the sidewalk outside the senate office building, many from a student anti-abortion movement carrying signs saying, 'we don't need planned parenthood,' referring to the women's healthcare provider that performs abortions.
in his opening statement to the panel on monday, gorsuch defended his judicial record, emphasizing the need for 'neutral and independent judges to apply the law.'
democrats outlined their lines of attack in their opening statements on monday, with some senators saying they would press him on whether he is independent enough from trump, who has condemned federal judges who have put on hold his two executive orders to ban the entry into the united states of people from several muslim-majority countries.
gorsuch will also face questioning over cases he has handled on the appeals court in which corporate interests won out over individual workers.
committee chairman chuck grassley (center) offered jovial praise for gorsuch nd no criticism
gorsuch offered a child a fist bump before tuesday's proceedings began
feinstein said on monday she wanted assurances that gorsuch would not seek to overturn the supreme court's landmark 1973 case roe v. wade, which legalized abortion in the united states.
she and other democrats are also expected to question gorsuch on whether he would support gun restrictions, campaign finance laws and environmental regulations.
grassley said on monday the committee is likely to vote on the nomination on april 3, with the full senate vote likely soon after. the hearing could last four days.
if gorsuch is confirmed by the senate, as expected, he would restore a narrow 5-4 conservative court majority. the seat has been vacant for 13 months, since the death of conservative justice antonin scalia.
the court's ideological leaning could help determine the outcome of cases involving the death penalty, abortion, gun control, environmental regulations, transgender rights, voting rights, immigration, religious liberty, presidential powers and more.
republicans hold 52 of the senate's 100 seats. under present rules, gorsuch would need 60 votes to secure confirmation. if gorsuch cannot muster 60, republicans could change the rules to allow confirmation by a simple majority.
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ðə poʊl pərˈfɔrməns əv ðə ɪn ˌgjuʤərˈæt səˈʤɛsts ðət ðə 2019 ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz ər nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə tɪ ðə lɛd ˈpɑrti, ə ˈsinjər ˈlidər sɛd təˈdeɪ. "ðə ki (əv ˌgjuʤərˈæt əˈsɛmbli ɪˈlɛkʃənz) ɪz ɪts nɑt (goʊɪŋ tɪ bi) ə fər ðə ˈɛni mɔr ɪn 2019 ɪˈlɛkʃən," flɔr ˈlidər ɪn lɑk sabha*, ə pi ˈrɛdi toʊld pti*. "ðeɪ (bjp*) hæv tɪ ˈbeɪsɪkli əˈgɛn ʧɛk ðɛr ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən," hi sɛd. ðoʊ ðə ɪz sɛt tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ paʊər ɪn ðə ˈwɛstərn steɪt, ˈrɛdi sɔ ðə ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈvərdɪkt ɛz biɪŋ ə ˈsɛtˌbæk tɪ ðə ˈpɑrti. "ˈdɛfənətli (ɪts ə ˈsɛtˌbæk). 103 sits (ðə prɑˈʤɛktəd ˈtæli ðɪs ˌæftərˈnun) ɪz nɑt ˈkəmɪŋ bæk tɪ paʊər (ɪt ʃʊd hæv bɪn ˈbɪgər ˈnəmbər əv sits)," hi sɛd. ɔn ðə ˌgjuʤərˈæt əˈsɛmbli ɪˈlɛkʃən rɪˈzəlts, ˈrɛdi sɛd, "ðɪs ɪz wət aɪ θɪŋk ɪz ðə ənd ˈifɛkt. ˈpipəl hæv nɑt ˈrɪli laɪkt wət həz bɪn dən baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, ənd ðɪs ɪz ə ˈbælət rɪˈzəlt ðeɪ hæv ˈgɪvɪn." hi kleɪmd ðət ˈbɪznɪsˌmɛn hæv bɪn "ˈsəfərɪŋ" du tɪ ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv, ənd sɛd ðə ˈtreɪdɪŋ kəmˈjunɪti ɪn ðə steɪt həz sin "ˈvɛri bæd taɪmz ɪn ðə læst θri mənθs". "soʊ ðɪs ɪz ə rɪˈflɛkʃən əv ðət, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ anti-incumbency*," ˈrɛdi ˈædɪd. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈmɪnɪstər fər ɪt ənd ˈɪndəstriz keɪ ti ˈrɑmə raʊ kənˈgræʧəˌleɪtɪd praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈmoʊdi fər hɪz ˈpɑrtiz "ˈvɪktəri" ɪn ˌgjuʤərˈæt ənd prəˈdɛʃ. hi ˈɔlsoʊ əˈpriʃiˌeɪtɪd ðə ˈkɑŋgrəs ˈpɑrti fər ˈpʊtɪŋ əp ə strɔŋ faɪt ɪn ˌgjuʤərˈæt əˈsɛmbli ɪˈlɛkʃənz. "kənˈgræts tɪ ʤi ɔn rɪˈteɪnɪŋ ˌgjuʤərˈæt biɪŋ vɪkˈtɔriəs ɪn prəˈdɛʃ. kənˈgræts ɪŋk ɔn ˈpʊtɪŋ əp ə ˈspɪrɪtəd faɪt. dɪˈmɑkrəsi nidz boʊθ ə ˈsteɪbəl ˈgəvərnmənt ə ˈvaɪbrənt ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən. lɛts hoʊp gʊd ˈgəvərnəns teɪks ˈsɛntər steɪʤ ˈpɑləˌtɪks ðə bækˈsit," raʊ tweeted*. ðə ˈwərkərz ɪn ðə steɪt ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd ðə ˈvɪktəri əv ðə ɪn boʊθ ðə steɪts baɪ dɪˈstrɪbjutɪŋ swits. ʧif keɪ sɛd ðə ˈvɪktəri ɪn boʊθ ðə steɪts ɪz ə rɪˈzəlt əv feɪθ ðət ðə ˈpipəl hæv ɪn ˈmoʊdi. "ˈpipəl əv ˌgjuʤərˈæt dɪd nɑt bɪˈliv ɪn ðə ˈnɛgətɪv kæmˈpeɪn ˌəndərˈtʊk baɪ ðə ˈkɑŋgrəs ɔn ənd. ˈpipəl ðɛr dɪd nɑt fərˈgɛt ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ðət ðə steɪt ˈwɪtnəst ɪn ənd rul," sɛd. hi ɪgˈzudɪd ˈkɑnfədɛns ðət wɪl wɪn ɪn ɪn fˈjuʧər.
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the lower-than-expected poll performance of the bjp in gujarat suggests that the 2019 general elections are not going to be a cakewalk to the nda lead party, a senior trs leader said today.
"the key takeaway (of gujarat assembly elections) is it's not (going to be) a cakewalk for the bjp any more in 2019 election," telangana rashtra samiti floor leader in lok sabha, a p jithender reddy told pti.
"they (bjp) have to basically again check their administration," he said.
though the bjp is set to return to power in the western state, reddy saw the electoral verdict as being a setback to the party.
"definitely (it's a setback). 103 seats (the projected bjp tally this afternoon) is not coming back to power (it should have been bigger number of seats)," he said.
on the gujarat assembly election results, reddy said, "this is what i think is the demonetisation and gst effect. people have not really liked what has been done by the bjp government, and this is a ballot result they have given."
he claimed that businessmen have been "suffering" due to the introduction of gst, and said the trading community in the state has seen "very bad times in the last three months".
"so this is a reflection of that, and also anti-incumbency," reddy added.
meanwhile, telangana minister for it and industries k t rama rao congratulated prime minister narendra modi for his party's "victory" in gujarat and himachal pradesh.
he also appreciated the congress party for putting up a strong fight in gujarat assembly elections.
"congrats to bjp & @narendramodi ji on retaining gujarat & being victorious in himachal pradesh. congrats inc on putting up a spirited fight. democracy needs both a stable government & a vibrant opposition. let's hope good governance takes centre stage & politics the backseat," rao tweeted.
the bjp workers in the state celebrated the victory of the bjp in both the states by distributing sweets.
telangana bjp chief k laxman said the victory in both the states is a result of faith that the people have reposed in modi.
"people of gujarat did not believe in the negative campaign undertook by the congress on gst and demonetisation.
people there did not forget the development that the state witnessed in bjp and modi's rule," laxman said.
he exuded confidence that bjp will win in telangana in future.
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ðə ʤɑbz rɪˈpɔrt təˈdeɪ wɑz gʊd, bət ðət min ɔl gʊd ʤɑbz ˈkəmɪŋ bæk. stɪl, ðɛr ɪz ə weɪ tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk sɪˈkjʊrəti baɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə tru ““ownership”*” soʊˈsaɪɪti, wɪθ ə rɪˈlaɪəbəl strim əv ˈɪnˌkəm fər ˈɛvriˌwən. ðə əˈproʊʧ ɪz ɔˈrɛdi səkˈsɛsfəl ɪn əˈlæskə. sɪns ðə greɪt ˌriˈsɛʃən, əˈmɛrɪkən ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti ənd ˈkɔrpərət ˈprɑfɪts hæv ˌɪnˈkrist, bət ðɛr ɪˈnəf gʊd ʤɑbz ɪn moʊst əv ðə ˈkəntri. ðɛr rɪˈmeɪnz ðə fɔls bɪˈlif əˈməŋ ɑr ˈpɑləsiˌmeɪkərz, ənd məʧ əv ðə ˈpəblɪk ðət ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈproʊdus mɔr ʤɑbz, wɪʧ wɪl kriˈeɪt mɔr kənˈsumər ˈspɛndɪŋ, wɪʧ wɪl ɪn tərn rɪˈzəlt ɪn mɔr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ, kriˈeɪtɪŋ stɪl mɔr ʤɑbz, ənd soʊ ɔn. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ˈvərʧuəs ˈsərkəl ɪz nɑt ɪn ðə ˈmeɪkɪŋ. ðoʊz bɪˈlifs ˌɪgˈnɔr ðə trɛnz ənd ˈfɔrsɪz ðət draɪv ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi təˈdeɪ. wi məst bɪld ə tru society’*’ ɪn wɪʧ ˈɛvriˌwən həz ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp steɪk ɪn ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi ðət wɪl ˈproʊdus ə rɪˈlaɪəbəl strim əv ˈɪnˌkəm, wɪˈθaʊt əˈdɪʃənəl ˈɪnˌkəm ˈtæksɪz ər ˈwɛlˌfɛr. wən aɪˈdiə ɪz tɪ kriˈeɪt ən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ fənd, wɪʧ wɪl dɪˈstrɪbjut ˈməni frəm ˈsɔrsəz wi ɔl oʊn tɪ ˈɛvriˌwən hu həz ə ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈnəmbər. ɪn fækt, wi oʊn ˈmɛni ˈkɑmən ˈæˌsɛts æt ðə ˈloʊkəl, steɪt, ənd ˈfɛdərəl ˈlɛvəlz, səʧ ɛz ˈrɛvəˌnuz frəm ˈlisɪz ənd seɪlz əv ˈpəblɪk ˈrisɔrsɪz (ɔɪl, ˈmɪnərəlz, ɛr, ˈspɛktrəm, ˈfɔrəsts, ˈwɔtər), ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈrɔɪəltiz fər məˈnɑpəli raɪts (ˈkɑpiˌraɪts, ˈpætənts); fiz ɔn ˌɪntərˈʤɛnərˈeɪʃənəl ˈtrænsfərz; ənd ˈdɪvɪˌdɛndz frəm prɪˈfərd stɑk ɪn ˈpəblɪkli ˈtreɪdɪd ər ˈeɪdɪd ˈkəmpəˌniz. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈrizən tɪ bɪˈliv ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən əv ðə bəlk əv əˈmɛrɪkənz wɪl ˌɪmˈpruv wɪˈθaʊt kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə nu ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnˌtrækt tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðə twɪn ˈɪʃuz əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊrɪti ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪz groʊɪŋ, ðɛr ər nɑt ɪˈnəf ʤɑbz, ənd ˈmɛni ʤɑbz biɪŋ kriˈeɪtɪd ər nɑt gʊd ʤɑbz wɪθ ˈlɪvəbəl ˈweɪʤɪz ənd ˈbɛnəfɪts. mɔˈroʊvər, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti ɪz groʊɪŋ æt ə hɪˈstɔrɪk reɪt. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə həz kɔld groʊɪŋ ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti ənd læk əv ˈəpwərd moʊˈbɪlɪti ðə dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ˈʧælənʤ əv ɑr taɪm. poʊp ˈfrænsɪs həz ɪkˈsprɛst hɪz kənˈsərn, seɪɪŋ, wi ˈɔlsoʊ hæv tɪ seɪ ʃælt not’*’ tɪ ən ɪˈkɑnəmi əv ɪkˈskluʒən ənd ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti. səʧ ən ɪˈkɑnəmi kills.”*.” ðə ˈrɪʧəst 10 əv juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz hæv mɔr ðən 75 əv əˈmɛrɪkən wɛlθ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən fər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt, wɪʧ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts mɔr ðən 30 ˈkəntriz. ðət dɪˈspɛrəti ɪz kənˈsɪdərəbli mɔr ðən ˈəðər ˈkəntriz ənd ˈpoʊzɪz ə bɪg ˈprɑbləm fər ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs, ˈivɪn ðə tɔp 1 ðə rɪˈpɔrt, ɪt təˈgɛðər: waɪ lɛs ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti ˈbɛnəfɪts all,”*,” ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊz mɔr ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti rɪˈzəlts ɪn lɛs ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ, ənd bɪtˈwin 1985 ənd 2005 ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti loʊərd groʊθ ɪn ˈkəntriz baɪ ˈnɪrli 5 pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts ðə rɪˈpɔrt kənˈkludz ðət æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə groʊɪŋ ˈnəmbərz əv loʊ weɪʤ ʤɑbz ɪz ə nəˈsɛsɪti tɪ ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, kriˈeɪtɪŋ ɪˈnəf gʊd ʤɑbz wɪl nɑt bi ˈizi ənd ˈmeɪbi nɑt ˈpɑsəbəl. ɪn ən ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd wərld ɪˈkɑnəmi, wɛr ˈbɪznɪsɪz kən haɪər ðə ˈʧipəst ˈleɪbər ˈɛniˌwɛr ɔn ðə ˈplænət, ɪt meɪ noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi ˈkrɛdəbəl tɪ bɪˈliv ðət ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈmɪdəlˈklæs kən ˈprɑspər frəm ˈleɪbər ˈɪnˌkəm əˈloʊn. ɪn ðɛr ˈrisənt wərk ɔn ˈleɪbər ˈmɑrkɪts ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ðə ˈstænfərd ˈsɛnər əv ˈpɑvərti ənd ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti, ˈrisərʧərz ˈɛrɪn əv ˈstænfərd ənd ˈmaɪkəl haʊt əv nu jɔrk ˌjunəˈvərsəti kənˈklud ðət ˈniðər ðə ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktər nɔr ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈsɛktər sim ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈspɑrkɪŋ ən ɪmˈplɔɪmənt rɪˈkəvəri. ðeɪ pɔɪnt aʊt ðət ðə greɪt ˌriˈsɛʃən ɪz ðə naɪnθ streɪt ˌriˈsɛʃən ðət praɪm eɪʤ ɪmˈplɔɪmənt fər mɛn həz nɑt rɪˈtərnd bæk tɪ ðə ˈlɛvəl. praɪm eɪʤ ɪz jɪrz oʊld, ðə praɪm əv ðə ˈwərkɪŋ jɪrz. ɪf fækt, praɪm eɪʤ ɪmˈplɔɪmənt həz dɪˈklaɪnd mɔr ðən ˈɛni taɪm sɪns ˈrɛkərdz bɪˈgæn tɪ bi kɛpt, ˈɔlˌmoʊst 70 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. soʊ haʊ wɪl wi koʊp wɪθ ə fˈjuʧər ɪn wɪʧ ðɛr ɪˈnəf ʤɑbz ənd ˈrɛgjələr ˈpipəl ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ðə groʊθ əv ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi? ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ fənd ɪz wən əˈproʊʧ ðət həz ɔˈrɛdi ˈpruvən tɪ bi səkˈsɛsfəl ɪn əˈlæskə. sɪns 1980 ðə əˈlæskə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt fənd həz peɪd ˈikwəl ˈænjuəl ˈdɪvɪˌdɛndz tɪ ɔl ˈrɛzɪdənts əv əˈlæskə frəm ˈɪnˌkəm ərnd frəm steɪt ɔɪl pərˈdəkʃən. ˈænjuəl ˈdɪvɪˌdɛndz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst 25 jɪrz hæv ˈnɛvər bɪn lɛs ðən fər ə ˈfæməli əv fɔr. ðə fənd həz kənˈsɪstəntli rɪˈsivd baɪˈpɑrtɪzən səˈpɔrt ənd ɪn 2008 ˈsɛrə ˈpælɪn ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ˈdɪvɪˌdɛnd tɪ fər ə ˈfæməli əv fɔr. taɪm tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ɪgˈzæmpəl, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ɑr ˈkɑmən ˈæˌsɛts, ənd kriˈeɪt ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ fənd, wɪʧ wɪl ˈbɛnəfɪt ˈjuˈɛs ɔl. ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz pɑrt əv kwɔrts aɪˈdiəz, ɑr hoʊm fər boʊld ˈɑrgjəmənts ənd bɪg ˈθɪŋkərz.
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the jobs report today was good, but that doesn’t mean it’s all good jobs coming back. still, there is a way to increase economic security by creating a true “ownership” society, with a reliable stream of income for everyone. the approach is already successful in resource-rich alaska.
since the great recession, american productivity and corporate profits have increased, but there aren’t enough good jobs in most of the country. there remains the false belief among our policymakers, and much of the public that economic growth will eventually produce more jobs, which will create more consumer spending, which will in turn result in more economic growth, creating still more jobs, and so on.
however, that virtuous circle is not in the making.
those beliefs ignore the trends and forces that drive our economy today. we must build a true ‘ownership society’ in which everyone has a permanent ownership stake in our market-based economy that will produce a reliable stream of non-labor income, without additional income taxes or welfare.
one idea is to create an american commonwealth fund, which will distribute money from sources we all own to everyone who has a social security number. in fact, we own many common assets at the local, state, and federal levels, such as revenues from leases and sales of public resources (oil, minerals, air, spectrum, forests, water), as well as royalties for government-guaranteed monopoly rights (copyrights, patents); fees onergenerational transfers; and dividends from preferred stock in publicly traded or aided companies.
there is no reason to believe the economic situation of the bulk of americans will improve without creating a new social contract to address the twin issues of economic insecurity and economic inequality.
although our economy is growing, there are not enough jobs, and many jobs being created are not good jobs with livable wages and benefits. moreover, economic inequality is growing at a historic rate.
president obama has called growing inequality and lack of upward mobility the defining challenge of our time. pope francis has expressed his concern, saying, “today we also have to say ‘thou shalt not’ to an economy of exclusion and inequality. such an economy kills.”
the richest 10% of united states households have more than 75% of american wealth, according to the organisation for economic co-operation and development, which represents more than 30 countries. that disparity is considerably more than other countries and poses a big problem for all of us, even the top 1%.
the oecd report, “in it together: why less inequality benefits all,” also shows more inequality results in less economic growth, and between 1985 and 2005, increasing inequality lowered growth in oecd countries by nearly 5 percentage points . the report concludes that addressing the growing numbers of low wage jobs is a necessity to decreasing inequality.
however, creating enough good jobs will not be easy and maybe not possible. in anegrated world economy, where businesses can hire the cheapest labor anywhere on the planet, it may no longer be credible to believe that the american middle-class can prosper from labor income alone.
in their recent work on labor markets published by the stanford center of poverty and inequality, researchers erin cumberworth of stanford and michael hout of new york university conclude that neither the private sector nor the public sector seem capable of sparking an employment recovery. they point out that the great recession is the ninth straight recession that prime age employment for men has not returned back to the pre-recession level. prime age is 25-54 years old, the prime of the working years. if fact, prime age employment has declined more than any time since records began to be kept, almost 70 years ago.
so how will we cope with a future in which there aren’t enough good-paying jobs and regular people don’t benefit from the growth of the economy? the american commonwealth fund is one approach that has already proven to be successful in alaska.
since 1980, the alaska permanent fund has paid equal annual dividends to all residents of alaska from income earned from state oil production. annual dividends over the past 25 years have never been less than $3,000 for a family of four. the fund has consistently received bipartisan support and in 2008, sarah palin increased the dividend to $12,800 for a family of four.
it’s time to follow alaska’s example, identify our common assets, and create the american commonwealth fund, which will benefit us all.
this article is part of quartz ideas, our home for bold arguments and big thinkers.
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græfs ənd græf ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ɪn baɪ hɑns norheim*, *æt hansolav.net*, http://hansolav.net*, læst ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd græf ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ər pɑrt əv moʊst ˌɪntrəˈdəktəri ˈklæsɪz tɪ ˈælgərˌɪðəmz, bət aɪ hæv nɑt sin ˈmɛni ɪn ər. aɪ faʊnd ɪt tɪ bi ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ənd poʊst ðə rɪˈzəlts hir fər ˈɛvriˌbɑdi tɪ juz. tɪ tɛst ðə, ju kən ʤɪst ðə koʊd frəm ðə wɛb saɪt ər ju kən rən tɪ sɛt əp ðə ˈskimə ɪn ə nu ˈdætəˌbeɪs. ju kən juz tɪ tɛst ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəmz. jul nid ˈsərvər 2005 ər ˈleɪtər fər ɔl ðə koʊd tɪ wərk. ɪf ju hæv ˈɛni ˈprɑbləmz ər ˈkɑmɛnts ər θɪŋk aɪ ʃʊd æd əˈnəðər ˈælgərˌɪðəm, fil fri tɪ drɔp mi ən iˈmeɪl. ˈkɑntɛnts: græfs ənd sərʧ ˈʃɔrtɪst pæθ ˈælgərˌɪðəm təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈsɔrtɪŋ ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ triz ˈælgərˌɪðəm ˈælgərˌɪðəm aɪ plæn tɪ æd dɛpθ fərst sərʧ, ˈmæksəməm floʊ ənd mɔr ˈʃɔrtɪst pæθ ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ˈleɪtər. ə græf ɪz ə sɛt əv ˈɑbʤɛkts, kɔld noʊdz ər ˈvərtɪˌsiz, wɛr səm pɛrz əv ðə noʊdz ər kəˈnɛktɪd baɪ lɪŋks, kɔld ˈɛʤɪz. iʧ noʊd kən hæv ə neɪm, fər ˈɪnstəns ə ˈsɪti neɪm ɪf ðə noʊdz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈsɪtiz. iʧ ɛʤ goʊz frəm ə noʊd tɪ əˈnəðər noʊd, ənd kən hæv ən ɛʤ weɪt ɪf ˈæpləkəbəl tɪ wət ðə græf ɪz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ. ɪn ðə ˈsɪti ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ˈɛʤɪz kʊd bi roʊdz bɪtˈwin ðə ˈsɪtiz ənd ðə ɛʤ weɪt ðə lɛŋθ əv ðə roʊd. ðə ˈfɪgjər bɪˈloʊ ʃoʊz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl fər ˈmeɪʤər ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɪtiz, wɪθ ən əˈprɑksəˌmeɪt ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈdɪstəns bɪtˈwin ðɛm. fər ðɪs ɪgˈzæmpəl, wi priˈtɛnd ðət ðə laɪnz ər ðə ˈoʊnli roʊdz ðət ɪgˈzɪst. ɪgˈzæmpəl græf ənd haʊ ɪt lʊks ɪn ɑr ˈdætə ˈmɑdəl. noʊt: aɪ hæv ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈwənˈweɪ ˈɛʤɪz fər ˈbrɛvəti. ðə weɪ wi ˈjuʒəwəli ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt græfs ɪn riˈleɪʃənəl ˈdætəˌbeɪsɪz ɪz ʃoʊn ɔn ðə ˈfɪgjər bɪˈloʊ. wi hæv ə noʊd ˈteɪbəl wɪʧ kənˈteɪnz ðə noʊdz wɪθ ˈaɪˈdi ənd neɪm ənd ən ɛʤ ˈteɪbəl wɪʧ lɪsts ðə kəˈnɛkʃənz, ðə ˈɛʤɪz, bɪtˈwin ðə noʊdz. ɪt ˈrɛfərənsɪz ðə noʊd ˈteɪbəl twaɪs fər iʧ roʊ ənd. ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl, ən ɛʤ frəm noʊd ə tɪ noʊd bi dɪz nɑt ˌɪmˈplaɪ ən ɛʤ frəm bi tɪ ə (ɪt kʊd bi ə ˈwənˈweɪ roʊd, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl). ə ˈtuˌweɪ ɛʤ ɪz ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɛz tu ˈwənˈweɪ ˈɛʤɪz ɪn ˈɑpəzɪt dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ, ɪf jʊr ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz hæv ˈtuˌweɪ ˈɛʤɪz, ju kən hæv ə tɪ bi ˌɪmˈplaɪ bi tɪ ə ənd juz ˈoʊnli wən roʊ tɪ dɪˈskraɪb boʊθ dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz əv ðə ɛʤ tɪ seɪv speɪs. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ˈgɪvɪn bɪˈloʊ wʊd hæv tɪ bi sˈlaɪtli ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd tɪ ˈhændəl ðɪs. ðə noʊd ˈaɪˈdi ɪz ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ki əv ðə noʊd ˈteɪbəl ənd ðə ˈkləstərd ˈɪndɛks əv ðɪs ˈteɪbəl., ɪz ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ki əv ðə ɛʤ ˈteɪbəl ɛz wi əˈsum wi kən ˈoʊnli hæv wən ɛʤ goʊɪŋ ɪn ðə seɪm dɪˈrɛkʃɪn bɪtˈwin tu noʊdz, ənd ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈkləstərd ˈɪndɛks əv ðɪs ˈteɪbəl. weɪt kən bi nəl, ɛz ðə græf kʊd nɑt bi ə ˈweɪtɪd græf (ie*. ðə ˈɛʤɪz ʤɪst ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts kəˈnɛkʃənz wɪˈθaʊt lɛŋθ, weɪt ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ). naʊ, ˈæftər ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðə ˈmɑdəl, goʊ bæk ənd kəmˈpɛr ðə mæp tɪ ðə ˈteɪbəl ˈkɑntɛnts əˈbəv. ˈdætəˌbeɪs ˈskimə fər ˈstɔrɪŋ græfs.. kriˈeɪt ˈteɪbəl ˈaɪˈdi nɑt nəl ˈpraɪˌmɛri ki, neɪm nəl kriˈeɪt ˈteɪbəl nɑt nəl ˈrɛfərənsɪz (ˈaɪˈdi), nɑt nəl ˈrɛfərənsɪz (ˈaɪˈdi), [weɪt] ˈdɛsəməl 10 3 nəl, ˈpraɪˌmɛri ki ˈkləstərd asc*, asc*) ˌbiˈfɔr wi kənˈtɪnju ɔn tɪ ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəmz, wi nid tɪ gɪt səm tərmz streɪt: græf ə ˈrɛgjələr græf wɛr ðə ˈɛʤɪz hæv noʊ spɪˈsɪfɪk dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. ðə græf fər ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɪtiz əˈbəv ɪz. ə ˈrɛgjələr græf wɛr ðə ˈɛʤɪz hæv noʊ spɪˈsɪfɪk dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. ðə græf fər ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɪtiz əˈbəv ɪz. græf (digraph*): ə græf wɛr ðə ˈɛʤɪz hæv dɪˈrɛkʃɪn (drɔn ɛz ˈɛroʊz). ən græf kən bi ɛz ə dɪˈrɛktɪd græf baɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈhævɪŋ ˈɛʤɪz ɪn tu dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz bɪtˈwin noʊdz. ə græf wɛr ðə ˈɛʤɪz hæv dɪˈrɛkʃɪn (drɔn ɛz ˈɛroʊz). ən græf kən bi ɛz ə dɪˈrɛktɪd græf baɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈhævɪŋ ˈɛʤɪz ɪn tu dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz bɪtˈwin noʊdz. dɪˈrɛktɪd græf (dæg): ə dɪˈrɛktɪd græf ðət həz noʊ ˈsaɪkəlz (ie*. ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ goʊ ɪn ə lup baɪ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈɛʤɪz). si ðə təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈsɔrtɪŋ ˈsɛkʃən fər ən ɪgˈzæmpəl. ə dɪˈrɛktɪd græf ðət həz noʊ ˈsaɪkəlz (ie*. ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ goʊ ɪn ə lup baɪ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈɛʤɪz). si ðə təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈsɔrtɪŋ ˈsɛkʃən fər ən ɪgˈzæmpəl. tri: ən græf ðət ɪz kəˈnɛktɪd (noʊ ɔl noʊdz ər kəˈnɛktɪd təˈgɛðər) ənd ðət həz noʊ ˈsaɪkəlz. wi naʊ kənˈtɪnju ɔn tɪ ˈvɛriəs ˈælgərˌɪðəmz wi kən rən ɔn ə græf ˈstrəkʧər laɪk ðɪs, ənd stɑrt aʊt wɪθ ˈbeɪsɪk sərʧ ənd ˈælgərˌɪðəmz. wən əv ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ðət kən bi dən ɔn ə græf ɪz tɪ ˈtrævərs ɪt, ənd ˈpɑsəbli ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs sərʧ fər ə spɪˈsɪfɪk noʊd. wi kən juz ðɪs tɪ stɑrt ðə sərʧ ɪn ə spɪˈsɪfɪk noʊd ə ənd dɪˈtərmən ɪf ə ˈdɪfərənt noʊd bi ɪz ˈriʧəbəl frəm ə ənd haʊ ˈmɛni hɑps ðɛr ər bɪtˈwin ðɛm. ðɛr ər ˈmoʊstli tu weɪz əv trəˈvərsɪŋ ə græf wər wi ɪkˈsplɔr ɛz fɑr ɛz wi gɪt ɪn wən dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ˌbiˈfɔr wi lʊk tɪ ˈəðər ˈneɪbərɪŋ noʊdz, ər wɛr wi ɪkˈsplɔr ɔl nɪr noʊdz ˌbiˈfɔr wi lʊk ˈfərðər əˈweɪ. wi wɪl lʊk æt. sərʧ (bfs*) ɪz ə græf sərʧ ˈælgərˌɪðəm ðət bɪˈgɪnz ɪn ɛs ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd noʊd ənd ɪkˈsplɔrz ðə ˈneɪbərɪŋ noʊdz. ðɛn fər iʧ əv ˈnɪrəst noʊdz, ɪt ɪkˈsplɔrər ðɛr ˌənɪkˈsplɔrd ˈneɪbərz, kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ənˈtɪl ðə hoʊl græf həz bɪn ˈtrævərst ər ənˈtɪl ðə noʊd sɔt ˈæftər ɪz faʊnd. əv ɪn prəˈsiʤərəl koʊd ˈjuʒəwəli ˈjuzɪz ə kju tɪ kip træk əv wɪʧ noʊdz tɪ ˈvɪzɪt nɛkst. sɪns ɪz ə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, wi ˌɪnˈstɛd juz ə ˈteɪbəl əv dɪˈskəvərd noʊdz ənd səkˈsɛsɪvli ʤɔɪnz ðɪs ˈteɪbəl tɪ ðə noʊd ˈteɪbəl tɪ dɪˈskəvər mɔr noʊdz. wi stɑp wɪn ðɛr ər noʊ mɔr noʊdz tɪ dɪˈskəvər ər wi faʊnd ðə noʊd wi sɔt. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪz ən ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv sərʧ ɪn, ˈteɪkɪŋ wɪʧ noʊd tɪ stɑrt ɪn ɛz ðə fərst pərˈæmətər. ðə ˈsɛkənd pərˈæmətər ɪz wɪʧ noʊd tɪ sərʧ fər, ənd ɪz ˈɔpʃənəl. ðə sərʧ wɪl stɑp wɪn ɪt ɪz faʊnd. ɪf nəl ɪz ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd, ɪt wɪl ˈtrævərs ðə hoʊl græf. lʊk bɪˈloʊ ðə koʊd fər ə ˈsæmpəl rən ɔn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɪtiz ɪgˈzæmpəl. rənz sərʧ frəm ə spɪˈsɪfɪk noʊd. : ɪf əv noʊd tɪ stɑrt ðə sərʧ æt. : stɑp ðə sərʧ wɪn noʊd wɪθ ðɪs ˈaɪˈdi ɪz faʊnd. ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ nəl tɪ ˈtrævərs ðə hoʊl græf. kriˈeɪt prəˈsiʤər, nəl) ɛz bɪˈgɪn ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈroʊlˌbæk ðə trænˈzækʃən ɪf ˈsəmθɪŋ goʊz rɔŋ. sɛt ɔn bɪˈgɪn træn ˌɪnˈkris pərˈfɔrməns ənd du nɑt wɪθ ðə rɪˈzəlts. sɛt ɔn; kriˈeɪt ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈteɪbəl fər ˈstɔrɪŋ ðə dɪˈskəvərd noʊdz ɛz ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm rənz kriˈeɪt ˈteɪbəl #dɪˈskəvərd ˈaɪˈdi nɑt nəl ˈpraɪˌmɛri ki, ðə noʊd ˈaɪˈdi ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər nəl, ðə noʊd wi keɪm frəm tɪ gɪt tɪ ðɪs noʊd. ðə ˈɔrdər ɪn wɪʧ ðə noʊdz wər dɪˈskəvərd. ˌɪˈnɪʃəli, ˈoʊnli ðə stɑrt noʊd ɪz dɪˈskəvərd. ˌɪnˈsərt ˈɪntu #dɪˈskəvərd (ˈaɪˈdi, ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər,) ˈvæljuz, nəl, 0 æd ɔl noʊdz ðət wi kən gɪt tɪ frəm ðə ˈkɑrənt sɛt əv noʊdz, ðət ər nɑt ɔˈrɛdi dɪˈskəvərd. rən ənˈtɪl noʊ mɔr noʊdz ər dɪˈskəvərd. waɪl 0 bɪˈgɪn ɪf wi hæv faʊnd ðə noʊd wi wər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər, əˈbɔrt naʊ. ɪf ɪz nɑt nəl ɪf ɪgˈzɪsts (səˈlɛkt tɔp 1 1 frəm #dɪˈskəvərd wɛr ˈaɪˈdi ) breɪk wi nid tɪ grup baɪ ənd səˈlɛkt wən sɪns ˈməltəpəl ˈɛʤɪz kʊd lɛd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ nu seɪm noʊd, ənd wi ˈoʊnli wɔnt tɪ ˌɪnˈsərt ɪt wəns. ˌɪnˈsərt ˈɪntu #dɪˈskəvərd (ˈaɪˈdi, ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər,) səˈlɛkt, min(e.fromnode*), min(d.orderdiscovered*) 1 frəm #dɪˈskəvərd di ʤɔɪn i ɔn wɛr nɑt ɪn (səˈlɛkt ˈaɪˈdi frəm #dɪˈskəvərd) grup baɪ ɛnd; səˈlɛkt ðə rɪˈzəlts. wi juz ə ˈkɑmən ˈteɪbəl ɪkˈsprɛʃən tɪ gɪt ðə fʊl pæθ frəm ðə stɑrt noʊd tɪ ðə ˈkɑrənt noʊd. wɪθ backtracecte(id*, neɪm,, pæθ,) ɛz ˈmɛmbər əv ðə recursion*, ðɪs səˈlɛkts ðə stɑrt noʊd. səˈlɛkt,, d.orderdiscovered*, ɛz varchar(max*)), ɛz varchar(max*)) frəm #dɪˈskəvərd di ʤɔɪn ɛn ɔn wɛr ˈjunjən ɔl ˈmɛmbər, səˈlɛkt ɔl ðə noʊdz wɪʧ hæv ðə ˈpriviəs wən ɛz ðɛr ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər. ðə pæθs təˈgɛðər. səˈlɛkt,, d.orderdiscovered*, ɛz ɛz varchar(max*)), frəm #dɪˈskəvərd di ʤɔɪn ɔn ʤɔɪn ɛn ɔn səˈlɛkt ˈaɪˈdi, neɪm,, pæθ, frəm wɛr ˈaɪˈdi ər ɪz nəl ðɪs kaɪnd əv wɛr klɔz kən pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈproʊdus ˈɔrdər baɪ ə bæd ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən plæn, bət aɪ juz ɪt fər sɪmˈplɪsɪti hir. drɔp ˈteɪbəl #dɪˈskəvərd kəˈmɪt træn rɪˈtərn 0 ɛnd naʊ, lɛts juz ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɔn ðə ˈsæmpəl ˈdætə əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɪtiz. seɪ ðət wi ˈkərəntli ər ɪn siˈætəl, soʊ wi wɔnt tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt wɪʧ ˈsɪtiz ər ˈriʧəbəl frəm siˈætəl (ɪn ðɪs keɪs ɔl ər) ənd haʊ ˈmɛni "hɑps" əˈweɪ ðeɪ ər (nɑt haʊ fɑr əˈweɪ, ðæts ðə nɛkst ˈælgərˌɪðəm). wi kɔl wɪθ 1 fər siˈætəl, ənd gɪt ðə rɪˈzəlt sɛt sin bɪˈloʊ. ˌkɔrəˈspɑndz tɪ ðə ˈɔrdər əv ˌdɪˈskəvri əv ðə noʊdz, wɪʧ ɪz ðə seɪm ɛz ðə ˈnəmbər əv hɑps əˈweɪ. wi kən si ðət ðɛr ər 0 hɑps tɪ siˈætəl (wi ər ɔˈrɛdi ðɛr). ɪf wi wɔnt tɪ goʊ tɪ ˈdæləs, wi ʃʊd goʊ ˈviə ˈdɛnvər, wɪθ 2 hɑps. noʊt ðət dɪz nɑt kɛr əˈbaʊt ˈdɪstəns, soʊ ðə rut frəm siˈætəl tɪ nu jɔrk ɪz nɑt ðə ˈɑptɪməl wən ɪn tərmz əv ˈdɪstəns. ðə ˈfɪgjər ɔn ðə lɛft ʃoʊz ðə pæθs tɪ ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈsɪtiz ɪn rɛd. rɪˈzəlts frəm ˈrənɪŋ ɔn ɑr ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈdætə wɪθ siˈætəl ɛz stɑrt noʊd. ðə ˈʃɔrtɪst pæθ ˈprɑbləm kənˈsɪsts əv ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðə ˈʃɔrtɪst pæθ ər pæθs ɪn ə ˈweɪtɪd græf (ðə ˈɛʤɪz hæv weɪts, lɛŋθs, kɔsts, ˌwəˈtɛvər ju wɔnt tɪ kɔl ɪt). ðə ˈʃɔrtɪst pæθ frəm wən noʊd tɪ əˈnəðər ɪz ðə pæθ wɛr ðə səm əv ðə weɪts ɪz ðə sˈmɔləst ˈpɑsəbəl. ən ˈɪnstəns əv ðɪs ˈprɑbləm kʊd bi tɪ faɪnd ðə ˈʃɔrtɪst pæθ frəm wən ˈsɪti tɪ əˈnəðər ɪf ðə noʊdz wər tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈsɪtiz ənd ðə ˈɛʤɪz roʊdz. ðɛr ər ˈmɛni noʊn fər ˈsɑlvɪŋ ðə ˈʃɔrtɪst pæθ ˈprɑbləm. səm əv ðɛm sɑlvz ðə ˈʃɔrtɪst pæθs bɪtˈwin ɔl pɛrz, waɪl ˈəðərz sɑlvz ðə ˈʃɔrtɪst pæθs frəm wən noʊd tɪ ɔl ðə ˈəðərz. wən səʧ ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɪz ðə ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ˈælgərˌɪðəm. ɪn ˈsərvər, ɪt kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi sɑlvd ˈjuzɪŋ ˈkɑmən ˈteɪbəl ɪkˈsprɛʃənz, bət aɪ faʊnd ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən bɪˈloʊ tɪ pərˈfɔrm sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈbɛtər ɪn ˈkɑmplɛks ənd dɛns (sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli mɔr ˈɛʤɪz ðən noʊdz) græfs. ˈælgərˌɪðəm (nɑt djikstra's*) sɑlvz ðə ˈʃɔrtɪst pæθ frəm wən noʊd tɪ ɔl ðə ˈəðər noʊdz ɪn ə ˈweɪtɪd græf wɪθ noʊ ˈnɛgətɪv weɪt ˈɛʤɪz. ɪt ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən fər ˈsɑlvɪŋ ðɪs ˈprɑbləm. ɪf jʊr græf həz ˈnɛgətɪv ɛʤ weɪts, jul hæv tɪ juz səm ˈəðər ˈælgərˌɪðəmz, fər ˈɪnstəns bellman-ford*. aɪl traɪ tɪ gɪv ən ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ɪt hir ˈleɪtər. ˈælgərˌɪðəm wərks məʧ laɪk ə sərʧ ðət teɪks ðə ɛʤ weɪts ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt, ˈstɑrtɪŋ æt wən noʊd ənd trəˈvərsɪŋ θru ðə græf. aɪ juz ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈteɪbəl tɪ kip træk əv wɪʧ noʊdz wɪr dən wɪθ ənd ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈdɪstəns tɪ ðə ˈdɪfərənt noʊdz. ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm ənˈtɪl noʊ mɔr noʊdz kən bi riʧt. ɪn iʧ ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən, ðə "ˈkloʊsəst" noʊdz ɛz əv naʊ ɪz səˈlɛktɪd ənd mɑrkt ɛz dən. wɪn ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɪz dən, ðə rɪˈzəlt ɪz ə noʊd ˈteɪbəl wɪθ ˈdɪstənsɪz ənd ˈprɛdəˌsɛsərz. ðə ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər əv ə noʊd ɪz ðə noʊd wi wɛnt θru raɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈkɑrənt noʊd. ðɪs minz ðət wi hæv ə ˈbækwərdz lɪŋkt ʧeɪn əv noʊdz wi kən ˈfɑloʊ tɪ gɪt ðə kəmˈplit pæθ. ðɪs ɪz wət ðə ˈkɑmən ˈteɪbəl ɪkˈsprɛʃən (cte*) ɪn ðə ɛnd dɪz. ɪt θru ðɪs pæθ ənd bɪldz ə ˈkɑmə ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd lɪst əv ðə noʊdz wi wɛnt θru tɪ gɪt tɪ səm noʊd wɪθ ðə ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd ˈdɪstəns. bɪˈloʊ ɪz ə fʊl ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɪn bɪˈloʊ ɪz ə fʊl ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɪn. aɪv hæd ɪt kəmˈpjut ˈʃɔrtɪst pæθs tɪ ɔl noʊdz ɪn ə ˈfɛrli dɛns græf wɪθ noʊdz ənd ˈɛʤɪz ənd ɪt kəmˈplitɪd kwaɪt kˈwɪkli (əraʊnd 1 ˈsɛkənd wɪθ ˈdætə kæʃt). rənz ˈælgərˌɪðəm frəm ðə ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd noʊd. : ˈaɪˈdi əv noʊd tɪ stɑrt frəm. : stɑp ðə sərʧ wɪn ðə ˈʃɔrtɪst pæθ tɪ ðɪs noʊd ɪz faʊnd. ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ nəl faɪnd ˈʃɔrtɪst pæθ tɪ ɔl noʊdz. kriˈeɪt prəˈsiʤər, nəl) ɛz bɪˈgɪn ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈroʊlˌbæk ðə trænˈzækʃən ɪf ˈsəmθɪŋ goʊz rɔŋ. sɛt ɔn bɪˈgɪn træn ˌɪnˈkris pərˈfɔrməns ənd du nɑt wɪθ ðə rɪˈzəlts. sɛt ɔn; kriˈeɪt ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈteɪbəl fər ˈstɔrɪŋ ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ɛz ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm rənz kriˈeɪt ˈteɪbəl #noʊdz ˈaɪˈdi nɑt nəl ˈpraɪˌmɛri ki, ðə noʊd ˈaɪˈdi ˈɛstəˌmeɪt nɑt nəl, wət ɪz ðə ˈdɪstəns tɪ ðɪs noʊd, soʊ fɑr? ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər nəl, ðə noʊd wi keɪm frəm tɪ gɪt tɪ ðɪs noʊd wɪθ ðɪs ˈdɪstəns. dən bɪt nɑt nəl ər wi dən wɪθ ðɪs noʊd jɛt (ɪz ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈdɪstəns)? fɪl ðə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈteɪbəl wɪθ ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈdætə ˌɪnˈsərt ˈɪntu #noʊdz (ˈaɪˈdi, ˈɛstəˌmeɪt, ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər, dən) səˈlɛkt ˈaɪˈdi, nəl, 0 frəm sɛt ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪt fər ðə noʊd wi stɑrt ɪn tɪ bi 0 ˈəpˌdeɪt #noʊdz sɛt ˈɛstəˌmeɪt 0 wɛr ˈaɪˈdi ɪf 1 bɪˈgɪn drɔp ˈteɪbəl #noʊdz ('kʊd nɑt sɛt stɑrt noʊd', 11 1 ˈroʊlˌbæk træn rɪˈtərn 1 ɛnd dɪˈklɛr, rən ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm ənˈtɪl wi ˌdɪˈsaɪd ðət wi ər ˈfɪnɪʃt waɪl 1 1 bɪˈgɪn ˈrisɛt ðə ˈvɛriəbəl, soʊ wi kən dɪˈtɛkt ˈgɪtɪŋ noʊ ˈrɛkərdz ɪn ðə nɛkst stɛp. səˈlɛkt nəl səˈlɛkt ðə ˈaɪˈdi ənd ˈkɑrənt ˈɛstəˌmeɪt fər ə noʊd nɑt dən, wɪθ ðə loʊəst ˈɛstəˌmeɪt. səˈlɛkt tɔp 1 ˈaɪˈdi, ˈɛstəˌmeɪt frəm #noʊdz wɛr dən 0 ənd ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ˈɔrdər baɪ ˈɛstəˌmeɪt stɑp ɪf wi hæv noʊ mɔr unvisited*, ˈriʧəbəl noʊdz. ɪf ɪz nəl ər breɪk wi ər naʊ dən wɪθ ðɪs noʊd. ˈəpˌdeɪt #noʊdz sɛt dən 1 wɛr ˈaɪˈdi ˈəpˌdeɪt ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪts tɪ ɔl ˈneɪbər noʊd əv ðɪs wən (ɔl ðə noʊdz ðɛr ər ˈɛʤɪz tɪ frəm ðɪs noʊd). ˈoʊnli ˈəpˌdeɪt ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ɪf ðə nu prəˈpoʊzəl (tɪ goʊ ˈviə ðə ˈkɑrənt noʊd) ɪz ˈbɛtər (loʊər). ˈəpˌdeɪt #noʊdz sɛt ˈɛstəˌmeɪt , ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər frəm #noʊdz ɛn ˈɪnər ʤɔɪn i ɔn wɛr dən 0 ənd ənd ) ɛnd; səˈlɛkt ðə rɪˈzəlts. wi juz ə ˈkɑmən ˈteɪbəl ɪkˈsprɛʃən tɪ gɪt ðə fʊl pæθ frəm ðə stɑrt noʊd tɪ ðə ˈkɑrənt noʊd. wɪθ backtracecte(id*, neɪm, ˈdɪstəns, pæθ,) ɛz ˈmɛmbər əv ðə recursion*, ðɪs səˈlɛkts ðə stɑrt noʊd. səˈlɛkt,,, ɛz ɛz frəm #noʊdz ɛn ʤɔɪn noʊd ɔn wɛr ˈjunjən ɔl ˈmɛmbər, səˈlɛkt ɔl ðə noʊdz wɪʧ hæv ðə ˈpriviəs wən ɛz ðɛr ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər. ðə pæθs təˈgɛðər. səˈlɛkt,,, ɛz ɛz ɛz frəm #noʊdz ɛn ʤɔɪn ɔn ʤɔɪn noʊd ɔn səˈlɛkt ˈaɪˈdi, neɪm, ˈdɪstəns, pæθ, frəm wɛr ˈaɪˈdi ər ɪz nəl ðɪs kaɪnd əv wɛr klɔz kən pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈproʊdus ˈɔrdər baɪ ˈaɪˈdi ə bæd ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən plæn, bət aɪ juz ɪt fər sɪmˈplɪsɪti hir. drɔp ˈteɪbəl #noʊdz kəˈmɪt træn rɪˈtərn 0 ɛnd naʊ, lɛts juz ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɔn ðə ˈsæmpəl ˈdætə əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɪtiz. seɪ ðət wi ˈkərəntli ər ɪn siˈætəl, soʊ wi wɔnt tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt ðə ˈdɪstənsɪz tɪ ðə ˈəðər ənd wət rut wi ʃʊd teɪk tɪ gɪt ðɛr. wi ˈðɛrˌfɔr kɔl wɪθ 1 fər siˈætəl, ənd gɪt ðə rɪˈzəlt sɛt sin bɪˈloʊ. wi kən si ðət tɪ goʊ tɪ siˈætəl ðə ˈdɪstəns ɪz 0 (wi ər ɔˈrɛdi ðɛr). ɪf wi wɔnt tɪ goʊ tɪ ˈdæləs, wi ʃʊd goʊ ˈviə ˈdɛnvər, ənd ðə ˈdɪstəns wɪl bi 3419 ðɪs ɪz ˈʃɔrtər ðən, seɪ, tɪ goʊ ˈviə ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs. ðə ˈfɪgjər ɔn ðə lɛft ʃoʊz ðə ˈʃɔrtɪst pæθs tɪ ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈsɪtiz ɪn rɛd. rɪˈzəlts frəm ˈrənɪŋ ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɔn ɑr ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈdætə wɪθ siˈætəl ɛz stɑrt noʊd. ɪf wi hæv ə dɪˈrɛktɪd græf (dæg) ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ðə fərst ˈsɛkʃən əv ðɪs peɪʤ, wi kən pərˈfɔrm ə təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈsɔrtɪŋ tɪ gɪt ə təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɔrdərɪŋ əv ðə noʊdz ɪn ðə græf. ə təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɔrdərɪŋ ɪz ən ˈɔrdərɪŋ əv ðə noʊdz, səʧ ðət iʧ noʊd kəmz ˌbiˈfɔr ɔl noʊdz tɪ wɪʧ ɪt həz ˈaʊtˌbaʊnd ˈɛʤɪz. səʧ ən ˈɔrdərɪŋ kən bi juzd tɪ ˈskɛʤʊl tæsks ˈəndər ˈprɛsədəns kənˈstreɪnts. səˈpoʊz wi hæv ə sɛt əv tæsks tɪ pərˈfɔrm, iʧ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd baɪ noʊdz ɪn ə græf, bət səm tæsks nid tɪ bi pərˈfɔrmd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈəðər tæsks. wi ˈmɑdəl səʧ kənˈstreɪnts ˈjuzɪŋ dɪˈrɛktɪd ˈɛʤɪz. ɪf ə nidz tɪ bi pərˈfɔrmd ˌbiˈfɔr bi, wi æd ən ɛʤ ə bi. bɪˈloʊ ɪz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ˈgɪtɪŋ drɛst ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ. iʧ noʊd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə tæsk tɪ gɪt ə ˈsərtən pis əv ˈkloʊðɪŋ ɔn ənd ðə ˈɛʤɪz bɪtˈwin ðɛm ˈdɪkˌteɪt ɪn wɪʧ ˈɔrdər ɪt məst ˈhæpən. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, nidz tɪ kəm ɔn ˌbiˈfɔr pænts ənd ʃuz, pænts ˌbiˈfɔr ʃuz ənd bɛlt ənd soʊ ɔn, bət sɑks kən kəm ɔn ˈiðər ˌbiˈfɔr ər ˈæftər ənd pænts, bət ˌbiˈfɔr ʃuz. ðə wɔʧ dɪz nɑt hæv ˈɛni kənˈstreɪnts ənd kən kəm ɔn æt ˈɛni taɪm. prəˈdusɪŋ ə təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɔrdərɪŋ ɪn ˈɛsəns bɔɪlz daʊn tɪ ˈɔrdərɪŋ ðə noʊdz ɪn səʧ ə weɪ ðət ɔl ðə ˈɛʤɪz pɔɪnt ɪn wən dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. səʧ ən ˈɔrdərɪŋ fər ɑr ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪz ʃoʊ bɪˈloʊ, ənd ðɪs ɪz wən əv ðə ˈməltəpəl ˈvælɪd təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl fər ðɪs dæg. ɪt dɪˈskraɪbz wən weɪ əv ˈgɪtɪŋ drɛst wɪˈθaʊt ˈrənɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ˈprɑbləm. tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈproʊdus ə təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɔrdərɪŋ, ðə græf ˈkænɑt hæv ˈɛni ˈsaɪkəlz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪf ðɛr ɪz ə ˈsaɪkəl wɪθ ə ənd bi ɪn ɪt, ɪt wʊd min ðət ə ʃʊd kəm ˌbiˈfɔr bi ənd bi ˌbiˈfɔr ə, wɪʧ ɪz nɑt ˈpɑsəbəl. ɪn ðɪs keɪs ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm ˈtərmɪˌneɪts wɪθ ən ˈɛrər. ɛʤ weɪts dɪz nɑt min ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ˈkɑntɛkst, soʊ ðeɪ ər nəl. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ koʊd ˈɪmpləmənts təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈsɔrtɪŋ ɪn. dɪˈtərmənz ə təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɔrdərɪŋ ər rɪˈpɔrts ðət ðə græf ɪz nɑt ə dæg. kriˈeɪt prəˈsiʤər ɛz bɪˈgɪn ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈroʊlˌbæk ðə trænˈzækʃən ɪf ˈsəmθɪŋ goʊz rɔŋ. sɛt ɔn bɪˈgɪn træn ˌɪnˈkris pərˈfɔrməns ənd du nɑt wɪθ ðə rɪˈzəlts. sɛt ɔn; kriˈeɪt ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈteɪbəl fər ˈbɪldɪŋ ðə təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɔrdərɪŋ kriˈeɪt ˈteɪbəl #ˈɔrdər ˈpraɪˌmɛri ki, ðə noʊd ˈaɪˈdi nəl dɪˈfaɪnz ðə təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɔrdərɪŋ. nəl fər noʊdz ðət ər nɑt jɛt ˈprɑsɛst. wɪl bi sɛt ɛz noʊdz ər ˈprɑsɛst ɪn təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɔrdər. kriˈeɪt ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈkɑpi əv ðə ˈɛʤɪz ɪn ðə græf ðət wi kən wərk ɔn. kriˈeɪt ˈteɪbəl , frəm noʊd ˈaɪˈdi, tɪ noʊd ˈaɪˈdi ˈpraɪˌmɛri ki,) græb ə ˈkɑpi əv ɔl ðə ˈɛʤɪz ɪn ðə græf, ɛz wi wɪl bi dɪˈlitɪŋ ˈɛʤɪz ɛz ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm rənz. ˌɪnˈsərt ˈɪntu,) səˈlɛkt, frəm i stɑrt baɪ ˌɪnˈsərtɪŋ ɔl ðə noʊdz ðət hæv noʊ ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈɛʤɪz, ɪz ɪt ɪz ˌgɛrənˈtid ðət noʊ ˈəðər noʊdz ʃʊd kəm ˌbiˈfɔr ðɛm ɪn ðə ˈɔrdərɪŋ. ˌɪnˈsərt wɪθ nəl fər, ɛz wi wɪl sɛt ðɪs wɪn wi ˈprɔˌsɛs ðə noʊd. ˌɪnˈsərt ˈɪntu #ˈɔrdər (nodeid*,) səˈlɛkt, nəl frəm ɛn wɛr nɑt ɪgˈzɪsts səˈlɛkt tɔp 1 1 frəm i wɛr ) dɪˈklɛr, ðə ˈkɑrənt noʊd biɪŋ ˈprɑsɛst. @ˈkaʊntər 0 ˈkaʊntər tɪ əˈsaɪn ˈvæljuz tɪ ðə ˈkɑləm. lup ənˈtɪl wi ər dən. waɪl 1 1 bɪˈgɪn ˈrisɛt ðə ˈvɛriəbəl, soʊ wi kən dɪˈtɛkt ˈgɪtɪŋ noʊ ˈrɛkərdz ɪn ðə nɛkst stɛp. sɛt nəl səˈlɛkt ðə ˈaɪˈdi əv ˈɛni noʊd wɪθ ɪz nəl ðət ɪz ˈkərəntli ɪn ɑr ˈɔrdər ˈteɪbəl, ɛz ɔl noʊdz wɪθ ɪz nəl ɪn ðɪs ˈteɪbəl həz ˈiðər noʊ ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈɛʤɪz ər ˈɛni noʊdz wɪθ ˈɛʤɪz tɪ ɪt hæv ɔˈrɛdi bɪn ˈprɑsɛst. səˈlɛkt tɔp 1 frəm #ˈɔrdər wɛr ɪz nəl ɪf ðɛr ər noʊ mɔr səʧ noʊdz, wi ər dən ɪf ɪz nəl breɪk wi ər ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ ðɪs noʊd, soʊ sɛt ðə ˈkɑləm əv ðɪs noʊd tɪ ðə ˈkaʊntər ˈvælju ənd ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈkaʊntər. ˈəpˌdeɪt #ˈɔrdər sɛt @ˈkaʊntər, @ˈkaʊntər @ˈkaʊntər 1 wɛr ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈkɑmplɛks pɑrt. səˈlɛkt ɔl noʊdz ðət həz ɪgˈzæktli wən ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ɛʤ ðə ɛʤ frəm. ðoʊz noʊdz kən ˈfɑloʊ ɪn ðə təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɔrdərɪŋ bɪˈkəz ðə məst nɑt kəm ˈæftər ˈɛni ˈəðər noʊdz, ər ðoʊz noʊdz hæv ɔˈrɛdi bɪn ˈprɑsɛst ənd ˌɪnˈsərtɪd ˈərliər ɪn ðə ˈɔrdərɪŋ ənd hæd ðɛr ˈaʊtˌgoʊɪŋ ˈɛʤɪz riˈmuvd ɪn ðə nɛkst stɛp. ˌɪnˈsərt #ˈɔrdər (nodeid*,) səˈlɛkt ˈaɪˈdi, nəl frəm ɛn ʤɔɪn ɔn ʤɔɪn ɔn ɛʤ ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən wɛr ənd ɛʤ stɑrts ɪn nɑt ɪgˈzɪsts meɪk ʃʊr ðɛr ər noʊ ˈɛʤɪz tɪ ðɪs noʊd səˈlɛkt tɔp 1 1 frəm ˈəðər ðɛn ðə wən frəm. wɛr ənd ) læst stɛp. wi ər dən wɪθ, soʊ riˈmuv ɔl ˈaʊtˌgoʊɪŋ ˈɛʤɪz frəm ɪt. ðɪs wɪl "fri əp" ˈɛni noʊdz ɪt həz ˈɛʤɪz ˈɪntu tɪ bi ˌɪnˈsərtɪd ˈɪntu ðə təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɔrdərɪŋ. dɪˈlit frəm wɛr ɛnd ɪf ðɛr ər ˈɛʤɪz lɛft ɪn ɑr græf ˈæftər ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɪz dən, ɪt minz ðət ɪt kʊd nɑt riʧ ɔl noʊdz tɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ɔl ˈɛʤɪz, wɪʧ minz ðət ðə græf məst hæv ˈsaɪkəlz ənd noʊ təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɔrdərɪŋ kən bi prəˈdust. ɪf ɪgˈzɪsts (səˈlɛkt tɔp 1 1 frəm) bɪˈgɪn səˈlɛkt 'ðə græf kənˈteɪnz ˈsaɪkəlz ənd noʊ təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɔrdərɪŋ kən bi prəˈdust. ðɪs ɪz ðə sɛt əv ˈɛʤɪz aɪ kʊd nɑt riˈmuv:' səˈlɛkt, frəm ɛnd ɛls səˈlɛkt ðə noʊdz ˈɔrdərd baɪ ðə təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɔrdərɪŋ wi prəˈdust. səˈlɛkt, frəm ɛn ʤɔɪn #ˈɔrdər oʊ ɔn ˈɔrdər baɪ klin əp, kəˈmɪt ənd rɪˈtərn. drɔp ˈteɪbəl drɔp ˈteɪbəl #ˈɔrdər kəˈmɪt træn rɪˈtərn 0 ɛnd wɪn ˈrənɪŋ ɪt ɔn ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈdætə əˈbəv, wi gɪt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈaʊtˌpʊt, wɪʧ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈfɪgjər əˈbəv. ðə nɛkst ˈtɑpɪk wi muv ɔn tɪ ɪz ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ triz. səˈpoʊz ju hæv ə græf ðət ɪz kəˈnɛktɪd (ie*. ɔl noʊdz kən bi riʧt frəm ˈɛni noʊd) ənd (ˈɛʤɪz hæv noʊ dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ər ˈɛvəri ɛʤ ɪz ə ˈtuˌweɪ ɛʤ wɪθ ˈikwəl weɪts). ə ˈspænɪŋ tri əv səʧ ə græf ɪz ə wɪʧ ɪz ə tri (ie*. həz noʊ ˈsaɪkəlz) ənd kəˈnɛkts ɔl ðə noʊdz, ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈsəbˌsɛt əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɛʤɪz. ðə ˈfɪgjər bɪˈloʊ ʃoʊz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl wɛr ðə ˈɛʤɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ əp ðə ˈspænɪŋ tri ɪz ʃoʊn ɪn boʊld. ə græf kən hæv ˈmɛni ˈspænɪŋ triz. ə ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ tri ɪz ə ˈspænɪŋ tri wɪθ ˈtoʊtəl weɪt (səm əv ðə ɛʤ weɪts ɪn ɪt) ˈikwəl tɪ ər lɛs ðən ˈɛvəri ˈəðər ˈspænɪŋ tri. ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ɑr ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈdætə əv ˈmeɪʤər ˈsɪtiz ənd roʊdz ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ə ˈspænɪŋ tri wʊd bi ə sɛt əv ˈɛʤɪz ðət kəˈnɛkt ɔl ðə ˈsɪtiz təˈgɛðər, wɪˈθaʊt lups. ə ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ tri wʊd bi ðə sɛt əv ˈɛʤɪz ðət dɪz ðɪs wɪθ ðə fjuəst road-kilometers*. ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ə ˈprɑbləm ðət kən bi sɑlvd wɪθ ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ triz, səˈpoʊz ɔl ðə roʊdz ɪn ɑr græf ɪgˈzæmpəl frəm ðə tɔp əv ðɪs peɪʤ wər dərt roʊdz. ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt naʊ wɔnts tɪ peɪv ðɛm, bət leɪɪŋ ˈæsˌfɔlt ɪz ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ənd həz ə haɪ kɔst pər ˈmitər leɪd daʊn soʊ ðeɪ wɪl nɑt peɪv ðɛm ɔl. ðeɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ðət ðeɪ wɪl spɛnd ɛz ˈlɪtəl ˈməni ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl, bət ju ʃʊd stɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ draɪv bɪtˈwin ˈɛni tu ˈsɪtiz ɔn roʊdz. wɪʧ roʊdz ʃʊd ðeɪ peɪv? ðə ˈænsər ɪz ðə roʊdz ðət meɪk əp ðə ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ tri ənd ɪz ʃoʊn ɪn rɛd ɔn ðə ˈfɪgjər bɪˈloʊ. ɪts ˈtoʊtəl weɪt (lɛŋθ) ɪz 9314 soʊ ɪn ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr græf ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ peɪv lɛs roʊd ðən 9314 ˈkɪləˌmitərz ənd stɪl hæv ɔl ˈsɪtiz kəˈnɛktɪd baɪ peɪvd roʊdz. ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ tri əv ɑr ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈdætə. nɛkst, wi lʊk æt tu ˈælgərˌɪðəmz fər ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðə ˈspænɪŋ tri əv ə græf, ˈneɪmli ˈælgərˌɪðəm ənd ˈælgərˌɪðəm. ðeɪ boʊθ faɪnd ðə ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ tri, bət ɪf ðɛr ər ˈməltəpəl ðeɪ maɪt nɑt faɪnd ðə seɪm wən. ɪf ju ʤɪst wɔnt ən ˈælgərˌɪðəm ðət wərks, ju ˈoʊnli nid wən əv ðɛm, bət aɪ ˌɪnˈkludɪd boʊθ əv ðɛm fər ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ˈridər. əv ðə tu, prɪm ˈmoʊstli rənz ˈfæstər, soʊ ʧuz ðɪs ɪf ju ər tɪ səˈlɛkt wən. ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɪz nɑt tu hɑrd tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ənd rɪˈzɛmbəlz ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt. fərst ɪt kriˈeɪts ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈteɪbəl kənˈteɪnɪŋ ɔl ðə noʊdz ðət wi kən juz tɪ mɑrk noʊdz ɛz dən ənd ðɛn ɪt səˈlɛkts ə ˈrændəm noʊd ɛz ðə stɑrt noʊd. ɪt dɪz nɑt ˈmætər wɪʧ ɪz ˈʧoʊzən, ɛz ɔl noʊdz məst bi ɪn ðə ˈspænɪŋ tri ˈɛniˌweɪz. ðɛn ɪt prəˈsidz baɪ səˈlɛktɪŋ ðə "ˈkloʊsəst" noʊd (wɪʧ ɪz ðə stɑrt noʊd æt fərst), mɑrks ɪt ɛz ˈvɪzɪtɪd ənd ˈəpˌdeɪts ðə ˈdɪstəns tɪ ɔl ɪts ˈneɪbərz. ɪn ðə nɛkst ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən, ðə "ˈkloʊsəst" noʊdz ɪz əˈgɛn ˈʧoʊzən. hir, ðə "ˈkloʊsəst" minz ðə noʊd ənd ɛʤ wɪʧ ɪz ˈʧipəst tɪ æd tɪ ðə ˈspænɪŋ tri æt ðɪs pɔɪnt. ɪt kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ʧuz ðə ˈʧipəst noʊd ənˈtɪl ɔl ðə noʊdz hæv bɪn ˈvɪzɪtɪd, æt wɪʧ pɔɪnt ðə ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ tri ɪz noʊn. bɪˈloʊ ɪz ðə fʊl ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɪn. ɪt həz ðə seɪm rən taɪm ɛz əraʊnd 1 ˈsɛkənd ɔn ə græf wɪθ noʊdz ənd ˈɛʤɪz. kəmˈpjuts ə ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ tri ˈjuzɪŋ ˈælgərˌɪðəm. kriˈeɪt prəˈsiʤər ɛz bɪˈgɪn ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈroʊlˌbæk ðə trænˈzækʃən ɪf ˈsəmθɪŋ goʊz rɔŋ. sɛt ɔn bɪˈgɪn træn ˌɪnˈkris pərˈfɔrməns ənd doʊnt wɪθ ðə rɪˈzəlts. sɛt ɔn; kriˈeɪt ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈteɪbəl fər ˈstɔrɪŋ ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ɛz ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm rənz kriˈeɪt ˈteɪbəl #noʊdz ˈaɪˈdi nɑt nəl ˈpraɪˌmɛri ki, ðə noʊd ˈaɪˈdi ˈɛstəˌmeɪt nɑt nəl, wət ɪz ðə ˈdɪstəns tɪ ðɪs noʊd, soʊ fɑr? ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər nəl, ðə noʊd wi keɪm frəm tɪ gɪt tɪ ðɪs noʊd wɪθ ðɪs ˈdɪstəns. dən bɪt nɑt nəl ər wi dən wɪθ ðɪs noʊd jɛt (ɪz ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈdɪstəns)? fɪl ðə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈteɪbəl wɪθ ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈdætə ˌɪnˈsərt ˈɪntu #noʊdz (ˈaɪˈdi, ˈɛstəˌmeɪt, ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər, dən) səˈlɛkt ˈaɪˈdi, nəl, 0 frəm sɛt ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪt fər stɑrt noʊd tɪ bi 0 ˈəpˌdeɪt tɔp 1 #noʊdz sɛt ˈɛstəˌmeɪt 0 dɪˈklɛr rən ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm ənˈtɪl wi ˌdɪˈsaɪd ðət wi ər ˈfɪnɪʃt waɪl 1 1 bɪˈgɪn ˈrisɛt ðə ˈvɛriəbəl, soʊ wi kən dɪˈtɛkt ˈgɪtɪŋ noʊ ˈrɛkərdz ɪn ðə nɛkst stɛp. səˈlɛkt nəl səˈlɛkt ðə ˈaɪˈdi fər ə noʊd nɑt dən, wɪθ ðə loʊəst ˈɛstəˌmeɪt. səˈlɛkt tɔp 1 ˈaɪˈdi frəm #noʊdz wɛr dən 0 ənd ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ˈɔrdər baɪ ˈɛstəˌmeɪt stɑp ɪf wi hæv noʊ mɔr unvisited*, ˈriʧəbəl noʊdz. ɪf ɪz nəl breɪk wi ər naʊ dən wɪθ ðɪs noʊd. ˈəpˌdeɪt #noʊdz sɛt dən 1 wɛr ˈaɪˈdi ˈəpˌdeɪt ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪts tɪ ɔl ˈneɪbər noʊdz əv ðɪs wən (ɔl ðə noʊdz ðɛr ər ˈɛʤɪz tɪ frəm ðɪs noʊd). ˈoʊnli ˈəpˌdeɪt ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ɪf ðə nu prəˈpoʊzəl (tɪ goʊ ˈviə ðə ˈkɑrənt noʊd) ɪz ˈbɛtər (loʊər). ˈəpˌdeɪt #noʊdz sɛt ˈɛstəˌmeɪt , ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər frəm #noʊdz ɛn ˈɪnər ʤɔɪn i ɔn wɛr dən 0 ənd ənd ɛnd ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ ðət wi hæv ɪˈnəf ˈɛʤɪz tɪ kəˈnɛkt ðə hoʊl græf. ɪf ɪgˈzɪsts (səˈlɛkt tɔp 1 1 frəm #noʊdz wɛr dən 0 bɪˈgɪn drɔp ˈteɪbəl #noʊdz raiserror('error*: ðə græf ɪz nɑt kəˈnɛktɪd.', 1 1 ˈroʊlˌbæk træn rɪˈtərn 1 ɛnd səˈlɛkt ðə rɪˈzəlts. wɛr ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər ɪz nɑt nəl ˈfɪltərz əˈweɪ ðə wən roʊ wɪθ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ noʊd. səˈlɛkt ɛz, ɛz, ɛz fromname*, ɛz frəm #noʊdz ɛn ʤɔɪn ɔn ʤɔɪn ɔn wɛr ɪz nɑt nəl ˈɔrdər baɪ, drɔp ˈteɪbəl #noʊdz kəˈmɪt træn rɪˈtərn 0 ɛnd ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt frəm ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɪn ðə sɛt əv ˈɛʤɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ əp ðə ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ tri, ʃoʊn ɔn ðə raɪt bɪˈloʊ. ɪf wi ðiz ˈɛʤɪz ɪn rɛd ɔn ðə mæp, wi gɪt ðə seɪm mæp ɛz wɑz ʃoʊn əˈbəv. rɪˈzəlts frəm ˈrənɪŋ ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɔn ɑr ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈdætə. nɛkst əp fər ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ triz ɪz ˈælgərˌɪðəm. ɪt sɑlvz ðə ˈprɑbləm baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈdɪfərənt əˈproʊʧ. tɪ stɑrt wɪθ, ɪt ˌɪˈnɪʃəli kriˈeɪts wən ˈkləstər ər fər iʧ noʊd ɪn ðə græf. ðɛn, ɪt pɪks ðə ˈʃɔrtɪst ɛʤ ɪn ðə græf ənd siz ɪf ɪt kəˈnɛkts tɪ triz. ɪf ɪt dɪz, ɪt ˈmərʤɪz ðə triz. ɪf ɪt ˌɪntrəˈdusɪz ə lup wɪˈθɪn wən tri, ɪt dɪˈskɑrdz ðə ɛʤ. ðɪs ɪz rɪˈpitɪd ənˈtɪl ɔl ðə noʊdz fɔrm wən bɪg tri, wɪʧ wɪl bi ðə ˈmɪnəməl ˈspænɪŋ tri. bɪˈloʊ ɪz ðə fʊl ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ɪn. ɪt rənz sloʊər ðən ˈælgərˌɪðəm, bət aɪ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪt fər kəmˈplitnəs. kəmˈpjuts ə ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ tri ˈjuzɪŋ ˈælgərˌɪðəm. kriˈeɪt prəˈsiʤər ɛz bɪˈgɪn ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈroʊlˌbæk ðə trænˈzækʃən ɪf ˈsəmθɪŋ goʊz rɔŋ. sɛt ɔn bɪˈgɪn træn ˌɪnˈkris pərˈfɔrməns ənd du nɑt wɪθ ðə rɪˈzəlts. sɛt ɔn kriˈeɪt ˈteɪbəl ˈpraɪˌmɛri ki,) tɛmp ˈteɪbəl fər ˈkləstərz kriˈeɪt ˈteɪbəl, ˈpraɪˌmɛri ki,)) rɪˈzəlt əˈkjumjəˌleɪtər dɪˈklɛr,, stɑrt ənd ɛnd pɔɪnt fər ðə ˈkɑrənt ɛʤ 0, ɛʤ kaʊnt əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ, ˈtoʊtəl noʊd kaʊnt, stɑrt ənd ɛnd ˈkləstər fər ðə ˈkɑrənt ɛʤ fərst, kriˈeɪt wən ˈkləstər fər iʧ əv ðə noʊdz ˌɪnˈsərt (ˈaɪˈdi,) səˈlɛkt ˈaɪˈdi, ˈaɪˈdi frəm gɪt ðə ˈtoʊtəl noʊd kaʊnt səˈlɛkt kaʊnt(*) frəm gɪt ə ˈkərsər θru ɔl ðə ˈɛʤɪz ˈsɔrtɪd ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ɔn weɪt. dɪˈklɛr ˈkərsər fər səˈlɛkt, frəm wɛr doʊnt gɪt sɛlf lups, ðeɪ ər nɑt pɑrt əv ðə tri. ˈɔrdər baɪ weɪt ˈoʊpən gɪt ðə fərst ɛʤ fɛʧ nɛkst frəm ˈɪntu, lup ənˈtɪl wi hæv noʊ mɔr ˈɛʤɪz ər wi hæv noʊdz 1 ˈɛʤɪz (ðɪs ɪz ɪˈnəf). waɪl 0 ənd 1 bɪˈgɪn gɪt ðə ˈkləstərz fər ðɪs ɛʤ səˈlɛkt frəm wɛr ˈaɪˈdi səˈlɛkt frəm wɛr ˈaɪˈdi ɪf ðə ɛʤ ɛndz ɪn ˈdɪfərənt ˈkləstərz, ðə ɛʤ ɪz seɪf, soʊ æd ɪt tɪ ðə. ɪf ) bɪˈgɪn mərʤ ðə tu ˈkləstərz baɪ ˈəpˌdeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈkləstər ˈnəmbər əv ðə "tɪ ˈkləstər" tɪ ðə ˈkləstər ˈnəmbər əv ðə "frəm ˈkləstər". ˈəpˌdeɪt sɛt wɛr ˌɪnˈsərt ðə ɛʤ ˈɪntu ðə rɪˈzəlt ənd ˈɪnkrəmənt ðə ɛʤ kaʊnt ˌɪnˈsərt ˈvæljuz (@fromnode*,) sɛt 1 ɛnd gɪt ðə nɛkst ɛʤ fɛʧ nɛkst frəm ˈɪntu, ɛnd kloʊz ənd ðə ˈkərsər kloʊz ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ ðət wi hæv ɪˈnəf ˈɛʤɪz tɪ kəˈnɛkt ðə hoʊl græf. ɪf (səˈlɛkt kaʊnt(*) frəm) 1 bɪˈgɪn drɔp ˈteɪbəl drɔp ˈteɪbəl raiserror('error*: ðə græf ɪz nɑt kəˈnɛktɪd.', 1 1 ˈroʊlˌbæk træn rɪˈtərn 1 ɛnd səˈlɛkt ðə rɪˈzəlts. səˈlɛkt,, ɛz fromname*, ɛz frəm ʤɔɪn ɔn ʤɔɪn ɔn ˈɔrdər baɪ, drɔp ˈteɪbəl drɔp ˈteɪbəl kəˈmɪt træn rɪˈtərn 0 ɛnd ɛz fər prɪm, ðə ˈaʊtˌpʊt frəm ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə sɛt əv ˈɛʤɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ əp ðə ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ tri. sɪns ɑr mæp həz ˈoʊnli wən ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ tri, ðə seɪm ˈɛʤɪz ɛz wi gɑt frəm prɪm ɪz ˈaʊtˌpʊt, ðə ˈoʊnli ˈdɪfərəns biɪŋ ðə ˈɔrdər əv ðə ˈɛʤɪz. ɪf ðɛr hæd bɪn ˈməltəpəl ˈmɪnəməm ˈspænɪŋ triz wɪθ ðə seɪm weɪt, wi kʊd hæv ˈgɔtən ə ˈdɪfərənt wən. rɪˈzəlts frəm ˈrənɪŋ ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɔn ɑr ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈdætə. ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈvərʒən ˈpəblɪʃt
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graphs and graph algorithms in t-sql
by hans olav norheim, hansolav *at * hansolav.net, http://hansolav.net, last updated 2010-05-22.
graph algorithms are part of most introductory classes to algorithms, but i have not seen many implementations in sql or t-sql. i found it to be an interesting exercise and post the results here for everybody to use.
to test the implementations, you can just copy-paste the code from the web site or you can run graphs_schema.sql to set up the schema in a new database. you can use graphs_test.sql to test the algorithms. you'll need sql server 2005 or later for all the code to work. if you have any problems or comments or think i should add another algorithm, feel free to drop me an email.
contents:
graphs
traversal and search
breadth-first
shortest path
dijkstra's algorithm
topological sorting
minimum spanning trees
prim's algorithm
kruskal's algorithm
i plan to add depth first search, maximum flow and more shortest path algorithms later.
a graph is a set of objects, called nodes or vertices, where some pairs of the nodes are connected by links, called edges. each node can have a name, for instance a city name if the nodes represent cities. each edge goes from a node to another node, and can have an edge weight if applicable to what the graph is representing. in the city example, the edges could be roads between the cities and the edge weight the length of the road. the figure below shows an example for major us cities, with an approximate driving distance between them. for this example, we pretend that the lines are the only roads that exist.
example graph and how it looks in our data model. note: i have only included one-way edges for brevity.
the way we usually represent graphs in relational databases is shown on the figure below. we have a node table which contains the nodes with id and name and an edge table which lists the connections, the edges, between the nodes. it references the node table twice for each row - fromnode and tonode. in general, an edge from node a to node b does not imply an edge from b to a (it could be a one-way road, for example). a two-way edge is therefore modelled as two one-way edges in opposite directions. although, if your particular application will always have two-way edges, you can have a to b imply b to a and use only one row to describe both directions of the edge to save space. however, the algorithms given below would have to be slightly modified to handle this.
the node id is the primary key of the node table and the clustered index of this table. fromnode, tonode is the primary key of the edge table as we assume we can only have one edge going in the same direction between two nodes, and it is also the clustered index of this table. weight can be null, as the graph could not be a weighted graph (ie. the edges just represents connections without length, weight or anything). now, after understanding the model, go back and compare the map to the table contents above.
database schema for storing graphs..
create table dbo.node ( id int not null primary key, name varchar(50) null ) create table dbo.edge ( fromnode int not null references dbo.node (id), tonode int not null references dbo.node (id), [weight] decimal (10, 3) null, primary key clustered (fromnode asc, tonode asc) )
before we continue on to the algorithms, we need to get some terms straight:
undirected graph : a regular graph where the edges have no specific direction. the graph for the major us cities above is undirected.
a regular graph where the edges have no specific direction. the graph for the major us cities above is undirected. directedt graph (digraph): a graph where the edges have direction (drawn as arrows). an undirected graph can be modelled as a directed graph by always having edges in two directions between nodes.
a graph where the edges have direction (drawn as arrows). an undirected graph can be modelled as a directed graph by always having edges in two directions between nodes. directed acyclic graph (dag): a directed graph that has no cycles (ie. it is not possible to go in a loop by following the edges). see the topological sorting section for an example.
a directed graph that has no cycles (ie. it is not possible to go in a loop by following the edges). see the topological sorting section for an example. tree: an undirected graph that is connected (no all nodes are connected together) and that has no cycles.
we now continue on to various algorithms we can run on a graph structure like this, and start out with basic search and traversal algorithms.
one of the basic operations that can be done on a graph is to traverse it, and possibly in the process search for a specific node. we can use this to start the search in a specific node a and determine if a different node b is reachable from a and how many hops there are between them. there are mostly two ways of traversing a graph - depth-first were we explore as far as we get in one direction before we look to other neighboring nodes, or breadth-first where we explore all near nodes before we look further away. we will look at breadth-first.
breadth-first search (bfs) is a graph search algorithm that begins in s specified node and explores the neighboring nodes. then for each of thos nearest nodes, it explorer their unexplored neighbors, continuing in this fassion until the whole graph has been traversed or until the node sought after is found. implementations of bfs in procedural code usually uses a queue to keep track of which nodes to visit next. since sql is a set-based language, we instead use a table of discovered nodes and successively joins this table to the node table to discover more nodes. we stop when there are no more nodes to discover or we found the node we sought.
the following is an implementation of breadth-first search in t-sql, taking which node to start in as the first parameter. the second parameter is which node to search for, and is optional. the search will stop when it is found. if null is specified, it will traverse the whole graph. look below the code for a sample run on the us cities example.
-- runs breadth-first search from a specific node. -- @startnode: if of node to start the search at. -- @endnode: stop the search when node with this id is found. specify null -- to traverse the whole graph. create procedure dbo.usp_breadth_first (@startnode int, @endnode int = null) as begin -- automatically rollback the transaction if something goes wrong. set xact_abort on begin tran -- increase performance and do not intefere with the results. set nocount on; -- create a temporary table for storing the discovered nodes as the algorithm runs create table #discovered ( id int not null primary key, -- the node id predecessor int null, -- the node we came from to get to this node. orderdiscovered int -- the order in which the nodes were discovered. ) -- initially, only the start node is discovered. insert into #discovered (id, predecessor, orderdiscovered) values (@startnode, null, 0) -- add all nodes that we can get to from the current set of nodes, -- that are not already discovered. run until no more nodes are discovered. while @@rowcount > 0 begin -- if we have found the node we were looking for, abort now. if @endnode is not null if exists (select top 1 1 from #discovered where id = @endnode) break -- we need to group by tonode and select one fromnode since multiple -- edges could lead us to new same node, and we only want to insert it once. insert into #discovered (id, predecessor, orderdiscovered) select e.tonode, min(e.fromnode), min(d.orderdiscovered) + 1 from #discovered d join dbo.edge e on d.id = e.fromnode where e.tonode not in (select id from #discovered) group by e.tonode end; -- select the results. we use a recursive common table expression to -- get the full path from the start node to the current node. with backtracecte(id, name, orderdiscovered, path, namepath) as ( -- anchor/base member of the recursion, this selects the start node. select n.id, n.name, d.orderdiscovered, cast(n.id as varchar(max)), cast(n.name as varchar(max)) from #discovered d join dbo.node n on d.id = n.id where d.id = @startnode union all -- recursive member, select all the nodes which have the previous -- one as their predecessor. concat the paths together. select n.id, n.name, d.orderdiscovered, cast(cte.path + ',' + cast(n.id as varchar(10)) as varchar(max)), cte.namepath + ',' + n.name from #discovered d join backtracecte cte on d.predecessor = cte.id join dbo.node n on d.id = n.id ) select id, name, orderdiscovered, path, namepath from backtracecte where id = @endnode or @endnode is null -- this kind of where clause can potentially produce order by orderdiscovered -- a bad execution plan, but i use it for simplicity here. drop table #discovered commit tran return 0 end
now, let's use the algorithm on the sample data of us cities. say that we currently are in seattle, so we want to figure out which cities are reachable from seattle (in this case all are) and how many "hops" away they are (not how far away, that's the next algorithm). we call usp_breadth_first with @startnode = 1 for seattle, and get the result set seen below. orderdiscovered corresponds to the order of discovery of the nodes, which is the same as the number of hops away. we can see that there are 0 hops to seattle (we are already there). if we want to go to dallas, we should go via denver, with 2 hops. note that breadth-first does not care about distance, so the route from seattle to new york is not the optimal one in terms of distance. the figure on the left shows the paths to the various cities in red.
results from running breadth-first traversal on our example data with seattle as start node.
the shortest path problem consists of finding the shortest path or paths in a weighted graph (the edges have weights, lengths, costs, whatever you want to call it). the shortest path from one node to another is the path where the sum of the egde weights is the smallest possible. an instance of this problem could be to find the shortest path from one city to another if the nodes were to represent cities and the edges roads.
there are many known algoritms for solving the shortest path problem. some of them solves the shortest paths between all pairs, while others solves the shortest paths from one node to all the others. one such algorithm is the well-known dijkstra's algorithm. in sql server, it can also be solved using recursive common table expressions, but i found the implementation below to perform significantly better in complex and dense (significantly more edges than nodes) graphs.
dijkstra's algorithm (not djikstra's) solves the shortest path from one node to all the other nodes in a weighted graph with no negative weight edges. it is probably the most popular implementation for solving this problem. if your graph has negative edge weights, you'll have to use some other algorithms, for instance bellman-ford. i'll try to give an implementation of it here later.
dijkstra's algorithm works much like a breadth-first search that takes the edge weights into account, starting at one node and traversing through the graph. i use a temporary table to keep track of which nodes we're done with and the current estimated distance to the different nodes. the algorithm iterates until no more nodes can be reached. in each iteration, the "closest" nodes as of now is selected and marked as done.
when the algorithm is done, the result is a node table with distances and predecessors. the predecessor of a node is the node we went through right before coming to the current node. this means that we have a backwards linked chain of nodes we can follow to get the complete path. this is what the recursice common table expression (cte) in the end does. it recurses through this path and builds a comma separated list of the nodes we went through to get to some node with the specified distance.
below is a full implementation of dijkstra's algorithm in below is a full implementation of dijkstra's algorithm in t-sql. i've had it compute shortest paths to all nodes in a fairly dense graph with 1,000 nodes and 200,000 edges and it completed quite quickly (around 1 second with data cached).
-- runs dijkstras algorithm from the specified node. -- @startnode: id of node to start from. -- @endnode: stop the search when the shortest path to this node is found. -- specify null find shortest path to all nodes. create procedure dbo.usp_dijkstra (@startnode int, @endnode int = null) as begin -- automatically rollback the transaction if something goes wrong. set xact_abort on begin tran -- increase performance and do not intefere with the results. set nocount on; -- create a temporary table for storing the estimates as the algorithm runs create table #nodes ( id int not null primary key, -- the node id estimate decimal(10,3) not null, -- what is the distance to this node, so far? predecessor int null, -- the node we came from to get to this node with this distance. done bit not null -- are we done with this node yet (is the estimate the final distance)? ) -- fill the temporary table with initial data insert into #nodes (id, estimate, predecessor, done) select id, 9999999.999, null, 0 from dbo.node -- set the estimate for the node we start in to be 0. update #nodes set estimate = 0 where id = @startnode if @@rowcount <> 1 begin drop table #nodes raiserror ('could not set start node', 11, 1) rollback tran return 1 end declare @fromnode int, @currentestimate int -- run the algorithm until we decide that we are finished while 1 = 1 begin -- reset the variable, so we can detect getting no records in the next step. select @fromnode = null -- select the id and current estimate for a node not done, with the lowest estimate. select top 1 @fromnode = id, @currentestimate = estimate from #nodes where done = 0 and estimate < 9999999.999 order by estimate -- stop if we have no more unvisited, reachable nodes. if @fromnode is null or @fromnode = @endnode break -- we are now done with this node. update #nodes set done = 1 where id = @fromnode -- update the estimates to all neighbour node of this one (all the nodes -- there are edges to from this node). only update the estimate if the new -- proposal (to go via the current node) is better (lower). update #nodes set estimate = @currentestimate + e.weight, predecessor = @fromnode from #nodes n inner join dbo.edge e on n.id = e.tonode where done = 0 and e.fromnode = @fromnode and (@currentestimate + e.weight) < n.estimate end; -- select the results. we use a recursive common table expression to -- get the full path from the start node to the current node. with backtracecte(id, name, distance, path, namepath) as ( -- anchor/base member of the recursion, this selects the start node. select n.id, node.name, n.estimate, cast(n.id as varchar(8000)), cast(node.name as varchar(8000)) from #nodes n join dbo.node node on n.id = node.id where n.id = @startnode union all -- recursive member, select all the nodes which have the previous -- one as their predecessor. concat the paths together. select n.id, node.name, n.estimate, cast(cte.path + ',' + cast(n.id as varchar(10)) as varchar(8000)), cast(cte.namepath + ',' + node.name as varchar(8000)) from #nodes n join backtracecte cte on n.predecessor = cte.id join dbo.node node on n.id = node.id ) select id, name, distance, path, namepath from backtracecte where id = @endnode or @endnode is null -- this kind of where clause can potentially produce order by id -- a bad execution plan, but i use it for simplicity here. drop table #nodes commit tran return 0 end
now, let's use the algorithm on the sample data of us cities. say that we currently are in seattle, so we want to figure out the distances to the other citites and what route we should take to get there. we therefore call usp_dijkstra with @startnode = 1 for seattle, and get the result set seen below. we can see that to go to seattle the distance is 0 (we are already there). if we want to go to dallas, we should go via denver, and the distance will be 3419. this is shorter than, say, to go via minneapolis.
the figure on the left shows the shortest paths to the various cities in red.
results from running dijkstra's algorithm on our example data with seattle as start node.
if we have a directed acyclic graph (dag) as described in the first section of this page, we can perform a topological sorting to get a topological ordering of the nodes in the graph. a topological ordering is an ordering of the dag's nodes, such that each node comes before all nodes to which it has outbound edges. such an ordering can be used to schedule tasks under precedence constraints. suppose we have a set of tasks to perform, each represented by nodes in a graph, but some tasks need to be performed before other tasks. we model such constraints using directed edges. if a needs to be performed before b, we add an edge a → b.
below is an example of getting dressed in the morning. each node represents a task to get a certain piece of clothing on and the edges between them dictate in which order it must happen. for example, undershorts needs to come on before pants and shoes, pants before shoes and belt and so on, but socks can come on either before or after undershorts and pants, but before shoes. the watch does not have any constraints and can come on at any time.
producing a topological ordering in essence boils down to ordering the nodes in such a way that all the edges point in one direction. such an ordering for our example is show below, and this is one of the multiple valid topological orderings for this dag. it describes one way of getting dressed without running into a problem.
to be able to produce a topological ordering, the graph cannot have any cycles. for example, if there is a cycle with a and b in it, it would mean that a should come before b and b before a, which is not possible. in this case the algorithm terminates with an error. edge weights does not mean anything in this context, so they are null.
the following code implements topological sorting in t-sql.
-- determines a topological ordering or reports that the graph is not a dag. create procedure dbo.usp_topologicalsort as begin -- automatically rollback the transaction if something goes wrong. set xact_abort on begin tran -- increase performance and do not intefere with the results. set nocount on; -- create a temporary table for building the topological ordering create table #order ( nodeid int primary key, -- the node id ordinal int null -- defines the topological ordering. null for nodes that are ) -- not yet processed. will be set as nodes are processed in topological order. -- create a temporary copy of the edges in the graph that we can work on. create table #tempedges ( fromnode int, -- from node id tonode int, -- to node id primary key (fromnode, tonode) ) -- grab a copy of all the edges in the graph, as we will -- be deleting edges as the algorithm runs. insert into #tempedges (fromnode, tonode) select e.fromnode, e.tonode from dbo.edge e -- start by inserting all the nodes that have no incoming edges, is it -- is guaranteed that no other nodes should come before them in the ordering. -- insert with null for ordinal, as we will set this when we process the node. insert into #order (nodeid, ordinal) select n.id, null from dbo.node n where not exists ( select top 1 1 from dbo.edge e where e.tonode = n.id) declare @currentnode int, -- the current node being processed. @counter int = 0 -- counter to assign values to the ordinal column. -- loop until we are done. while 1 = 1 begin -- reset the variable, so we can detect getting no records in the next step. set @currentnode = null -- select the id of any node with ordinal is null that is currently in our -- order table, as all nodes with ordinal is null in this table has either -- no incoming edges or any nodes with edges to it have already been processed. select top 1 @currentnode = nodeid from #order where ordinal is null -- if there are no more such nodes, we are done if @currentnode is null break -- we are processing this node, so set the ordinal column of this node to the -- counter value and increase the counter. update #order set ordinal = @counter, @counter = @counter + 1 where nodeid = @currentnode -- this is the complex part. select all nodes that has exactly one incoming -- edge - the edge from @currentnode. those nodes can follow @currentnode -- in the topological ordering because the must not come after any other nodes, -- or those nodes have already been processed and inserted earlier in the -- ordering and had their outgoing edges removed in the next step. insert #order (nodeid, ordinal) select id, null from dbo.node n join #tempedges e1 on n.id = e1.tonode -- join on edge destination where e1.fromnode = @currentnode and -- edge starts in @currentnode not exists ( -- make sure there are no edges to this node select top 1 1 from #tempedges e2 -- other then the one from @currentnode. where e2.tonode = n.id and e2.fromnode <> @currentnode) -- last step. we are done with @currentnode, so remove all outgoing edges from it. -- this will "free up" any nodes it has edges into to be inserted into the topological ordering. delete from #tempedges where fromnode = @currentnode end -- if there are edges left in our graph after the algorithm is done, it -- means that it could not reach all nodes to eliminate all edges, which -- means that the graph must have cycles and no topological ordering can be produced. if exists (select top 1 1 from #tempedges) begin select 'the graph contains cycles and no topological ordering can be produced. this is the set of edges i could not remove:' select fromnode, tonode from #tempedges end else -- select the nodes ordered by the topological ordering we produced. select n.id, n.name from dbo.node n join #order o on n.id = o.nodeid order by o.ordinal -- clean up, commit and return. drop table #tempedges drop table #order commit tran return 0 end
when running it on the example data above, we get the following output, which is also illustrated in the figure above.
the next topic we move on to is minimum spanning trees. suppose you have a graph that is connected (ie. all nodes can be reached from any node) and undirected (edges have no direction - or every edge is a two-way edge with equal weights). a spanning tree of such a graph is a sub-graph which is a tree (ie. has no cycles) and connects all the nodes, using a subset of the original edges. the figure below shows an example where the edges making up the spanning tree is shown in bold. a graph can have many spanning trees. a minimum spanning tree is a spanning tree with total weight (sum of the edge weights in it) equal to or less than every other spanning tree.
in the context of our example data of major cities and roads in the us, a spanning tree would be a set of edges that connect all the cities together, without loops. a minimum spanning tree would be the set of edges that does this with the fewest road-kilometers. as an example of a problem that can be solved with minimum spanning trees, suppose all the roads in our graph example from the top of this page were dirt roads. the us government now wants to pave them, but laying asphalt is expensive and has a high cost per meter laid down so they will not pave them all. they decide that they will spend as little money as possible, but you should still be able to drive between any two cities on all-paved roads. which roads should they pave?
the answer is the roads that make up the minimum spanning tree and is shown in red on the figure below. its total weight (length) is 9314, so in this particular graph it is not possible to pave less road than 9314 kilometers and still have all cities connected by paved roads.
minimum spanning tree of our example data.
next, we look at two algorithms for finding the mimum spanning tree of a graph, namely prim's algorithm and kruskal's algorithm. they both find the minimum spanning tree, but if there are multiple they might not find the same one. if you just want an algorithm that works, you only need one of them, but i included both of them for the interested reader. of the two t-sql implementations, prim mostly runs faster, so choose this if you are to select one.
prims's algorithm is not too hard to understand and resembles dijkstra a little bit. first it creates a temporary table containing all the nodes that we can use to mark nodes as done and then it selects a random node as the start node. it does not matter which is chosen, as all nodes must be in the spanning tree anyways.
then it proceeds by selecting the "closest" node (which is the start node at first), marks it as visited and updates the distance to all its neighbors. in the next iteration, the "closest" nodes is again chosen. here, the "closest" means the node and edge which is cheapest to add to the spanning tree at this point. it continues to choose the cheapest node until all the nodes have been visited, at which point the minimum spanning tree is known.
below is the full implementation of prim's algorithm in t-sql. it has appromixmately the same run time as dijkstra - around 1 second on a graph with 1,000 nodes and 200,000 edges.
-- computes a minimum spanning tree using prim's algorithm. create procedure dbo.usp_prim as begin -- automatically rollback the transaction if something goes wrong. set xact_abort on begin tran -- increase performance and don't intefere with the results. set nocount on; -- create a temporary table for storing the estimates as the algorithm runs create table #nodes ( id int not null primary key, -- the node id estimate decimal(10,3) not null, -- what is the distance to this node, so far? predecessor int null, -- the node we came from to get to this node with this distance. done bit not null -- are we done with this node yet (is the estimate the final distance)? ) -- fill the temporary table with initial data insert into #nodes (id, estimate, predecessor, done) select id, 9999999.999, null, 0 from dbo.node -- set the estimate for start node to be 0. update top (1) #nodes set estimate = 0 declare @fromnode int -- run the algorithm until we decide that we are finished while 1 = 1 begin -- reset the variable, so we can detect getting no records in the next step. select @fromnode = null -- select the id for a node not done, with the lowest estimate. select top 1 @fromnode = id from #nodes where done = 0 and estimate < 9999999.999 order by estimate -- stop if we have no more unvisited, reachable nodes. if @fromnode is null break -- we are now done with this node. update #nodes set done = 1 where id = @fromnode -- update the estimates to all neighbour nodes of this one (all the nodes -- there are edges to from this node). only update the estimate if the new -- proposal (to go via the current node) is better (lower). update #nodes set estimate = e.weight, predecessor = @fromnode from #nodes n inner join dbo.edge e on n.id = e.tonode where done = 0 and e.fromnode = @fromnode and e.weight < n.estimate end -- verify that we have enough edges to connect the whole graph. if exists (select top 1 1 from #nodes where done = 0) begin drop table #nodes raiserror('error: the graph is not connected.', 1, 1) rollback tran return 1 end -- select the results. where predecessor is not null filters away -- the one row with represents the starting node. select n.predecessor as fromnode, n.id as tonode, node1.name as fromname, node2.name as toname from #nodes n join dbo.node node1 on n.predecessor = node1.id join dbo.node node2 on n.id = node2.id where n.predecessor is not null order by n.predecessor, n.id drop table #nodes commit tran return 0 end
the output from prim's algorithm in the set of edges making up the minimum spanning tree, shown on the right below. if we highligt these edges in red on the map, we get the same map as was shown above.
results from running prim's algorithm on our example data.
next up for minimum spanning trees is kruskal's algorithm. it solves the problem by using a different approach. to start with, it initially creates one cluster or sub-tree for each node in the graph. then, it picks the shortest edge in the graph and sees if it connects to seperate trees. if it does, it merges the trees. if it introduces a loop within one tree, it discards the edge. this is repeated until all the nodes form one big tree, which will be the minimal spanning tree.
below is the full implementation in t-sql. it runs slower than prim's algorithm, but i included it for completeness.
-- computes a minimum spanning tree using kruskal's algorithm. create procedure dbo.usp_kruskal as begin -- automatically rollback the transaction if something goes wrong. set xact_abort on begin tran -- increase performance and do not intefere with the results. set nocount on create table #mstnodes(id int primary key, clusternum int) -- temp table for clusters create table #mst (fromnode int, tonode int primary key (fromnode, tonode)) -- result accumulator declare @fromnode int, @tonode int, -- start and end point for the current edge @edgecount int = 0, @nodecount int, -- edge count along the way, total node count @fromcluster int, @tocluster int -- start and end cluster for the current edge -- first, create one cluster for each of the nodes insert #mstnodes (id, clusternum) select id, id from dbo.node -- get the total node count select @nodecount = count(*) from #mstnodes -- get a cursor iterating through all the edges sorted increasing on weight. declare edgecursor cursor read_only for select fromnode, tonode from dbo.edge where fromnode < tonode -- don't get self loops, they are not part of the tree. order by weight open edgecursor -- get the first edge fetch next from edgecursor into @fromnode, @tonode -- loop until we have no more edges or we have nodes - 1 edges (this is enough). while @@fetch_status = 0 and @edgecount < @nodecount - 1 begin -- get the clusters for this edge select @fromcluster = clusternum from #mstnodes where id = @fromnode select @tocluster = clusternum from #mstnodes where id = @tonode -- if the edge ends in different clusters, the edge is safe, so add it to the mst. if (@fromcluster <> @tocluster) begin -- merge the two clusters by updating the cluster number of the "to cluster" to the -- cluster number of the "from cluster". update #mstnodes set clusternum = @fromcluster where clusternum = @tocluster -- insert the edge into the result and increment the edge count insert #mst values (@fromnode, @tonode) set @edgecount = @edgecount + 1 end -- get the next edge fetch next from edgecursor into @fromnode, @tonode end -- close and deallocate the cursor close edgecursor deallocate edgecursor -- verify that we have enough edges to connect the whole graph. if (select count(*) from #mst) < @nodecount - 1 begin drop table #mstnodes drop table #mst raiserror('error: the graph is not connected.', 1, 1) rollback tran return 1 end -- select the results. select mst.fromnode, mst.tonode, node1.name as fromname, node2.name as toname from #mst mst join dbo.node node1 on mst.fromnode = node1.id join dbo.node node2 on mst.tonode = node2.id order by mst.fromnode, mst.tonode drop table #mstnodes drop table #mst commit tran return 0 end
as for prim, the output from kruskal's algorithm is also the set of edges making up the minimum spanning tree. since our map has only one minimum spanning tree, the same edges as we got from prim is output, the only difference being the order of the edges. if there had been multiple minimum spanning trees with the same weight, we could have gotten a different one.
results from running kruskal's algorithm on our example data.
2010-05-22 - initial version published
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æt læst ðə fɔg ɪz ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ klɪr əraʊnd nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən. ðə klaʊd ɪz ˈlɪftɪŋ, ənd wi kən si wət laɪz bɪɔnd. ɪt ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ. ðɛr ɪz noʊ nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən. ðɛr ɪz ʤɪst ən gæp bɪtˈwin aɪˈdiə ənd ˌpræktɪˈkæləti. ðət gæp kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən. wɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ liv ðə læst jɪr, ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈɛvədəns ðət ɪt ˈwɔntɪd rɪd əv ðə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈmɑrkɪt ər kɛrd əˈbaʊt ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kɔrt əv ˈʤəstɪs. ðə wɑz ˈnɛvər ən ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈɪʃu. ðə voʊt tɪ liv wɑz ə ˈprɑksi fər voters’*’ ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən kənˈsərnz. ɪt məst bi ˈɑnərd. bət hu kʊd tɛl wɪʧ wɑz prɪˈfərd, ˌɪnˈdid, wət ðə voʊt mɛnt? sɪns ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɑz ˈstrɔŋli fər ə ˈmɪnəməlɪst ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən æt ðə taɪm əv ðə voʊt, ɪt ʃʊd hæv gɔn ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli tɪ ˈbrəsəlz wɪθ ə ˈprɑbləm. ɪt ʃʊd hæv ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət ɪt hæd tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ, bət bɪˈlivd ɪt ɪn ðə bɛst ˈɪntəˌrɛst tɪ steɪ ɛz kloʊz tɪ ˈjʊrəp ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. soʊ wɪʧ əv ðə ““softest”*” ˈɔpʃənz maɪt fɔrm ðə moʊst kənˈstrəktɪv ˈbeɪsɪs fər nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃən? ɛz ɪt wɑz, tərˈisə meɪ dɪd ðə ˈɑpəzɪt. ʃi ˌɪgˈnɔrd ˈhɛnri ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈmæksəm, əv ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈkɑnfədɛns baɪ nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ frəm ˈɛriəz əv əˈgrimənt təˈwɔrdz ðoʊz əv dɪsəˈgrimənt. ʃi ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪtɪd dɪsəˈgrimənt frəm ðə stɑrt. laɪk səm aɪ noʊ, ʃi simd tɪ wɔnt hɑrd ʤɪst tɪ tiʧ ðə ə ˈlɛsən. ʃi əˈpɔɪntɪd θri ɛz hər nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtərz, ˈhoʊpɪŋ ðət ˈhæŋɪŋ təf æt ðə stɑrt wʊd ““win”*” mɔr æt ðə ɛnd. ʃi kraɪd hɑrd æt ˈɛvəri tərn. ˌɪˈnɛvətəbli, ðə riˈtɔrtɪd ɪn kaɪnd. ɪt wɑz bæd ˈtæktɪks. wi ər toʊld ðət bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈtɛrəbəl ˈtriˌoʊ əv ˈdeɪvɪd ˈdeɪvɪs, ˈliəm fɑks ənd ˈbɔrɪs ˈʤɑnsən ər 80 əv ˈbraɪtəst ənd bɛst, ˈbərnɪŋ ðə ˈmɪdˌnaɪt ɔɪl ɔn ə dil ˈəndər ˈɑlɪvər ˈrɑbɪnz. wi ər toʊld ðeɪ hæv ə dil ʤɪst əraʊnd ðə ˈkɔrnər, ˈiziəst ɪn ˈjumən history”*” (fɑks). wi hæv ɑr keɪk ənd it it”*” ənd ðə kən whistle”*” (ˈʤɑnsən). ˈbrəsəlz rɪˈgɑrdz ðɪs ɛz ˈrəbɪʃ. hæv əˈkjuzd ˈbrɪtən əv ə dil, seɪɪŋ ɪt wɪl bi ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ mit ən ɑkˈtoʊbər ˈdɛˌdlaɪn ənˈlɛs ɑr nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtərz gɪv ɪn ɔn ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp ənd ˈbəʤɪt ˈpeɪmənts. ˈbrəsəl ˈsɔrsəz hæv sɛd ðət ˈgɪvɪn lines”*”, ðɛr əˈpɪrz tɪ bi noʊ saɪt əv ə dil ɔn ðiz ˈmætərz wɪʧ əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ ˈbɔrdər ər ðə θri prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri wɪθˈdrɔəl ˈɪʃuz lɛt əˈloʊn ɔn ə ˈsəbstəntɪv nu ˈtriti. ɪt ɪz laɪk ðə 1438 ˈkaʊnsəl əv ˈbɑzəl: ɛz ðə leɪ siʤ tɪ ˌkɑnstæntəˈnoʊpəl, ðə poʊpz ənd ˈprɛlɪts ˈɑrgju ˈoʊvər ˈwɛðər ðə ˈhoʊli goʊst wɑz ““of”*” ðə sən ər ““through”*” ðə sən. wi naʊ ˈmɪrli ˈɑrgju ˈoʊvər ˈklɔrəˌneɪtəd ˈʧɪkən. ðə ˈɪʃu ɪz nɑt ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ɛz səʧ, ˈrəðər ə dɪˈzaɪər tɪ rɪˈliv ðə pərˈsivd ˈprɛʃər ɔn ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvɪsɪz ðə ki məst bi tɪ trit hɑrd ɛz ə ˈpeɪpər ˈtaɪgər. ðɪs ɪˈkɑnəmɪst ˈkɛriz ə poʊl ʃoʊɪŋ ə kˈwɔrtər əv ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm (pləs ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv) wʊd voʊt fər sɔft, əˈsumd ɛz səm ˈvərʒən əv ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp. ðɪs kənˈfərmz ə ˈrisənt poʊl ðət həz 72 əv ˈsteɪtɪŋ ðət ðə voʊt wɑz əˈbaʊt ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən, jɛt hæf əv ðɛm əkˈsɛptɪŋ fri ˈmuvmənt ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ fər ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ɪf ðɛr wər riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈbɛnəfɪts fər ˈɪməgrənts. ðə seɪm ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈimərʤɪz frəm ə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈləndən ˈsərˌveɪ. əˈgɛn ðə ˈɪʃu ɪz nɑt ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ɛz səʧ, ˈrəðər ə dɪˈzaɪər tɪ rɪˈliv ðə pərˈsivd ˈprɛʃər ɔn ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvɪsɪz. aɪ noʊ əv noʊ hu ˈrɪli wɔnt ˈtɛrəfs ənd treɪd ˈbɛriərz əˈgɛnst ˈmɑrkɪts. aɪ noʊ əv fju hu wɔnt ənd kɛr ˈwərkərz sɛnt ˈpækɪŋ, ər ˈbrɪtɪʃ frut fɑrmz tɪ kloʊz, ər tɪ hæv tɪ gɪt ˈvizəz ˈɛvəri taɪm ðeɪ ˈvɪzɪt ˈjʊrəp. ðɛr ɪz noʊ weɪ ðə kən ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt 35 ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈeɪʤənsiz, ɔl ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈəndər ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kɔrt əv ˈʤəstɪs. ðɛr ɪz noʊ səm ðət həz treɪd lɔst tɪ ˈjʊrəp ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ treɪd wɪθ ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld. ˈɛvəri ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈmɑdəl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər sceptical*, həz ˈkɔstɪŋ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ɪˈkɑnəmi dɪr. kəm mɑrʧ 2019 ɪt ɪz ə nɪr ˈsərtənti ðət ðə klɑk wɪl hæv tɪ bi stɑpt. ˈkɑmən sɛns ˈdɪkˌteɪts ðət ðə bɛst weɪ ˈfɔrwərd wɪl bi tɪ əˈdɑpt ““temporary”*” ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɛriə (eea*) ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈfɔrməl, ə ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈnɔrˌweɪ ˈɔpʃən. ðət minz liv, waɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ðə klɪr wɪʃ əv ˈpəblɪk əˈpɪnjən tɪ rɪˈmeɪn wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈmɑrkɪt. kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ peɪ ə prəˈpɔrʃən əv ə jɪr wɪl bi ˈʧipər ɪn ðə ʃɔrt tərm ðən ðə ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈlivɪŋ fi. ˈpəndɪts meɪ ðə ˈnɔrˌweɪ ˈɔpʃən ɛz ˈmɛsi, bət ðeɪ kən ˈrəbɪʃ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ðə ʧif ˈhərdəl ɪz ðə kənˈtɛnʃəs ˈɪʃu əv fri ˈmuvmənt əv ˈleɪbər, wən əv ðə fɔr ˈfridəmz ɛmˈbreɪst baɪ ðə, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ fri ˈmuvmənt əv gʊdz, ˈkæpɪtəl ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz. bət ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ɪz naʊ ən ˈɪʃu ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈkəntri. wɪθ ˈbɛriərz ɔˈrɛdi goʊɪŋ əp bɪtˈwin ˈɪtəli ənd fræns ənd raʊnd ˈhəŋgəri ənd gris, maɪˈgreɪʃən ɪz fæst bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə ˈʧælənʤ tɪ ɔl ˈjʊrəp. ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ðə brake”*” ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ɛmˈbɛdɪd ɪn ðə. səm rɪˈfɔrm əv ðə ˈɛriə ənd kənˈtroʊl əv maɪˈgreɪʃən ɪz ə nɪr ˈsərtənti. ðət, ˈʃʊrli, ɪz ðə ˈɛriə fər nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃən. əv kɔrs ðə, ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ər nɑt, wɪl nɑt ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ˈtɔri ˌfəndəˈmɛnəlɪsts. bət hu kɛrz? ðeɪ hæv noʊ koʊˈhɪrənt ˈvɪʒən əv wət ə ˈleɪbər ˈmɑrkɪt, ər ˈblæŋkɪt ˈpæˌspɔrt kənˈtroʊl, ər treɪd wʊd bi laɪk. ðɛr ɪz nɑt soʊ məʧ ˈpræktɪkəl ɛz ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl, roʊˈmæntɪk, dɪsˈrəptɪv. ðɛrz ɪz ən ˈætəˌtud əv maɪnd ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈpɑləsi. ðə ˈɛvədəns ˈɛniˌweɪ ɪz ðət ðɛrz ɪz ə məˈnɔrəti vju. ˈdənkərk rɪˈvilz ðə ˈspɪrɪt ðət həz ˈdrɪvən: hjuˌmɪliˈeɪʃən ˌrɑfaɪˈɛl bɛr rɛd mɔr ðə əˈsərʃən ðət məst min ðə ˈsɪŋgəl market”*” meɪ bi ˈligəli tru, bət ðə ˈɔfərz ə rɪˈpleɪsmənt ˈmɑrkɪt. ˈʤɛrəˌmi ənd hɪz ˈpɑrti ər ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ʃɑp ɔn, bət ɪt ɪz ˌɪnkənˈsivəbəl ðət ˈleɪbər wʊd voʊt əˈgɛnst ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp wɪθ səm ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən klɔz. ɪf ˈɛniˌwən ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˈɑrgju ðə ˈɪʃu, wi kən ˈɔlˌweɪz steɪʤ əˈnəðər ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm, ɛz ðə deɪnz ənd ˈaɪrɪʃ dɪd ɪn ˈkɑmprəbəl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz. ˈɑrgjəmənts ˈoʊvər treɪd ənd maɪˈgreɪʃən bɪtˈwin əˈʤeɪsənt steɪts ˈɔlˌweɪz ɛnd ɪn ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz. ˈjʊrəp ɪz ɔˈrɛdi splɪt bɪtˈwin ðə eurozone*, ðə ənd ðə non-eu*, ɪn ə leɪər keɪk əv ənd dilz. ɪt ɪz naʊ tɪ bi splɪt frəm ˈbrɪtən. bət ɪt həz tɪ bi ɪn ˈɪntəˌrɛst fər ðə splɪt tɪ bi minimised*. hɑrd ɪz nɑt ʤɪst dæft, ɪt ɪz ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri. ʃʊd min flexit*.
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at last the fog is starting to clear around britain’s negotiating position. the cloud is lifting, and we can see what lies beyond. it is nothing. there is no negotiating position. there is just an unbridgeable gap between idea and practicality. that gap continues to mesmerise political conversation.
when the public voted to leave the last year, there was no evidence that it wanted rid of the single market or cared about theropean court of justice. the was never an election issue. the vote to leave was a proxy for voters’ immigration concerns. it must be honoured. but who could tell which was preferred, indeed, what the vote meant?
since the government was strongly for a minimalist interpretation at the time of the vote, it should have gone immediately to brussels with a problem. it should have explained that it had to withdraw, but believed it in the best interest to stay as close torope as possible. so which of the “softest” options might form the most constructive basis for negotiation?
as it was, theresa may did the opposite. she ignored henry kissinger’s diplomatic maxim, of building confidence by negotiating from areas of agreement towards those of disagreement. she exaggerated disagreement from the start. like some i know, she seemed to want hard just to teach the leavers a lesson. she appointed three loud-moutheders as her negotiators, hoping that hanging tough at the start would “win” more at the end. she cried hard at every turn. inevitably, the retorted in kind. it was bad tactics.
we are told that behind the terrible trio of david davis, liam fox and boris johnson are 80 of whitehall’s brightest and best, burning the midnight oil on a deal under sherpa-in-chief oliver robbins. we are told they have a deal just around the corner, “the easiest in human history” (fox). we “can have our cake and eat it” and the can “go whistle” (johnson).
brussels regards this as rubbish. meps have accused britain of scuppering a deal, saying it will be impossible to meet an october deadline unless our negotiators give in on citizenship and budget payments. brussel sources have said that given britain’s “red lines”, there appears to be no sight of a deal on these matters – which along with the irish border are the three preliminary withdrawal issues – let alone on a substantive new treaty. it is like the 1438 council of basel: as the ottomans lay siege to constantinople, the popes and prelates argue over whether the holy ghost was “of” the son or “through” the son. we now merely argue over chlorinated chicken.
the issue is not immigration as such, rather a desire to relieve the perceived pressure on public services
the key must be to treat hard as a paper tiger. this week’s economist carries a poll showing a quarter of referendum leavers (plus the vast majority of) would vote for soft, assumed as some version of single-market membership. this confirms a recent yougov poll that has 72% of leavers stating that the vote was about immigration, yet half of them accepting free movement in exchange for single-market membership if there were restrictions on social benefits for immigrants. the same finding emerges from a king’s college london survey. again the issue is not immigration as such, rather a desire to relieve the perceived pressure on public services.
i know of noers who really want tariffs and trade barriers againstrope’s markets. i know of few who want nhs and care workers sent packing, or british fruit farms to close, or to have to get visas every time they visitrope. there is no way the can replicate 35 regulatory agencies, all operating under theropean court of justice. there is no sum that has trade lost torope replaced by trade with the rest of the world. every economic model, however sceptical, has costing the british economy dear.
come march 2019, it is a near certainty that the clock will have to be stopped. common sense dictates that the best way forward will be to adopt “temporary” membership of theropean economic area (eea) outside the formal, a cobbled-together version of the norway option. that means honouring leave, while also honouring the clear wish of public opinion to remain within the single market. continuing to pay a proportion of £8.7bn a year will be cheaper in the short term than the reported £50bn leaving fee.
brexit pundits may criticise the norway option as messy, but they can rubbish anything. the chief hurdle is the contentious issue of free movement of labour, one of the four freedoms embraced by the eea, along with free movement of goods, capital and services. but immigration is now an issue in every country. with barriers already going up between italy and france and round hungary and greece, migration is fast becoming a challenge to allrope. the concept of the “emergency brake” is already embedded in the eea. some reform of the schengen area and control of intra-european migration is a near certainty. that, surely, is the area for negotiation.
of course the eea, temporary or not, will not satisfy tory fundamentalists. but who cares? they have no coherent vision of what a post-eu labour market, or blanket passport control, or cross-channel trade would be like. their anti-europeanism is not so much practical as psychological, romantic, disruptive. theirs is an attitude of mind rather than a policy. the evidence anyway is that theirs is a minority view.
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the oft-cited assertion that must mean “leaving the single market” may be legally true, but the eea offers a replacement market. jeremy corbyn and his party are all over the shop on, but it is inconceivable that labour would vote against eea membership with some modified immigration clause. if anyone wanted to argue the issue, we can always stage another referendum, as the danes and irish did in comparable circumstances.
arguments over trade and migration between adjacent states always end in compromise.rope is already split between therozone, the and the non-eu, in a layer cake of sovereignties and deals. it is now to be split from britain. but it has to be in everyone’s interest for the split to be minimised. hard is not just daft, it is unnecessary. should mean flexit.
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©©archimboldus*, rɛd mɔr baɪ hir ðə ˈmɛrɪʤ ˈmɛtəfɔr ɪz æpt. wi hæv nɑt jɛt ˈteɪkən ˈivɪn ðə fərst ˈfɔrməl stɛp. bət ɔˈrɛdi ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ bɪˈgɪn dɪˈvɔrs prəˈsidɪŋz wɪθ ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən ɪz klɔgd wɪθ pæst rɪˈzɛntmənts, fɪrz fər ðə fˈjuʧər, ənd ðə ˈstɛdi æmˈbɪvələns ðət ðə ˈmɛrɪʤ. ɪt wɑz ə ˈfaɪnli ˈbælənst dɪˈsɪʒən ɪn ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz ə ˈfaɪnli ˈbælənst dɪˈsɪʒən naʊ. ðə poʊlz ɔn səˈpɔrt fər ““leave”*” ənd ““remain”*” hæv ˈbɛrli ˈʃɪftɪd. bət ðɛr ɪz naʊ ˈprɪti brɔd əˈgrimənt ðət ðə taɪm həz kəm tɪ ˈtrɪgər ðə ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən. soʊ haʊ du wi meɪk ˈprɑˌgrɛs? ðə əv 2016 ənd aɪ æm wən, məst stɑrt baɪ ˈpʊtɪŋ əˈsaɪd ɪkˈspidiənt æˈnælɪˌsiz əv wət ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm mɛnt. ɪt ɪz tru ðət ɪt dɪd nɑt baɪnd ɑr ˈpɑrləmɛnt ɪn lɔ. bət tɪ meɪk ðɪs pɔɪnt ɪn ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən ɪz tɪ ˈsaɪdˌstɛp ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌɪmˈpɛrətɪv əv ðə rɪˈzəlt. wi ˈvoʊtɪd ɔn ˈwɛðər tɪ liv, ənd wi kəˈlɛktɪvli ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ liv. ðə fækt ðɪs dɪd nɑt ˈtɛknɪkəli baɪnd ˈpɑrləmɛnt dɪz nɑt ˌɪmˈplaɪ ðət ˈpɑrləmɛnt kən ˈprɑpərli ˌɪgˈnɔr ɪt. ənd ɪt ɪz fər ðɪs ˈrizən ðət aɪ bɪˈliv ɑr ˈpɑrləmɛnt wɑz ɪn ˈprɪnsəpəl raɪt tɪ voʊt tɪ ˈtrɪgər ˈɑrtɪkəl 50 ənd waɪ, tɪ ˈænsər ə ˈrəðər ʃɑrp kˈwɛʃən pʊt tɪ mi baɪ æl ʤəˈzirə, ɪf bɪn ən ɪn ə ˈstrɔŋli ““remain”*” kənˈstɪʧuənsi, aɪ hoʊp aɪ wʊd ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs hæv hæd ðə kərɪʤ tɪ voʊt tɪ du ðə seɪm. bət ˈpʊtɪŋ əˈsaɪd ɪkˈspidiənsi ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ boʊθ saɪdz nid tɪ du. ðə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm lɛft kˈwɛsʧənz ɪt ˈsɪmpli dɪˈnaɪz ˌriˈæləˌti tɪ priˈtɛnd ˈəðərˌwaɪz. ðə ˈbælət ˈpeɪpər æst wən kˈwɛʃən. noʊ smɔl prɪnt. ənd ɪn əˈsərtɪŋ ðə raɪt tɪ rɛd ˈɪntu ðə rɪˈzəlt wət minz, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ðə ˈkleɪmɪŋ ˈgrændˌpɑ wʊd hæv ˈwɔntɪd ɪm tɪ hæv ðə məˈhɑgəni tallboy*. ðə ˈænsərɪŋ əv ðə kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt prɪˈsaɪsli wət ðə ““leave”*” voʊt ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ɑr ˈpɑrləmɛnt. ɪt ɪz hu hæv ə ˈroʊvɪŋ ˈmænˌdeɪt frəm ðə ˈpipəl tɪ ˈænsər ðɛm. nɑt ə ˈgəvərnmənt huz ˌmænɪˈfɛˌstoʊ wɑz ˈsaɪlənt ɔn ðɛm, biɪŋ ˈrɪtən ˌbiˈfɔr ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz prɛst hoʊm. ɑr ˌpɑrləmɛnˈtɛriənz nu ðɪs. ðeɪ kəˈlɛktɪvli dɪˈmændɪd ə ˈminɪŋfəl roʊl ɪn ˈʃeɪpɪŋ wət minz. waɪ wi pʊt ðɛm ðɛr. waɪ wi peɪ ðɛr ˈsæləriz ənd ɪkˈspɛnsɪz. ðeɪ oʊ ˈjuˈɛs. bət ˈmɛni laɪd tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ɪt. ˈəðərz ðɛr kloʊðz, ənd bɪˈmoʊnd ðɛr ˈɔfəl ˈmɔrəl dɪˈlɛmə. ðɛn ˈæbdəˌkeɪtəd ɪt. wi hæv ˈmɛni faɪn ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz bət kəˈlɛktɪvli, ɪf ɑrz ˈrɪli ɪz ðə ˈməðər əv ɔl ˈpɑrləˌmɛnts, bi wɛl ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd ɪn ˈsɛndɪŋ ðɛm ɔl tɪ bɛd wɪˈθaʊt ðɛr ˈdɪnərz. ənd wət əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt? ɪt rɪˈzɪstɪd ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl ðət ɪt ɪz fər ˈpɑrləmɛnt tɪ ˈtrɪgər ˈɑrtɪkəl 50 ɪt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ɪt ˈoʊnli wɪn fɔrst tɪ baɪ ɑr səˈprim kɔrt; ɪt ðɛn ʃoʊd kənˈtɛmpt fər ɑr ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən baɪ prəˈdusɪŋ ə bɪl ðət ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ðə fɔrm bət nɑt ðə ˈsəbstəns əv ðə səˈprim kɔrt dɪˈsɪʒən; ɪt nɛkst ðə dəˈbeɪt tɪ mit ən ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri ˈdɛˌdlaɪn wɪʧ hæd ˈoʊnli bɪn baɪ ɪts oʊn flɔd dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ əˈpil; ənd ɪt ˈfaɪnəli ˈpəblɪʃt ɪts waɪt ˈpeɪpər ˈoʊnli ˈæftər ɑr ˈsɑvrən ˈpɑrləmɛnt hæd ˈvoʊtɪd. ɪn ɔl əv ðiz weɪz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt həz feɪld ðə soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪt ɪgˈzɪsts tɪ sərv. ɪt həz ɛmˈbɛdɪd dɪˈvɪʒənz ɪn ɑr soʊˈsaɪɪti, ənd trænsˈfɔrmd tərˈisə nu jɪr kɔl fər ˈjunɪti ˈɪntu ə ˈbɪtər tɔnt. soʊ wɛr du wi naʊ stænd? wi stænd ɪn ə waɪld ənd ənˈsərtən wərld. ˈspikɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm voʊt ˈdɑnəld təsk, ðɛn ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkaʊnsəl, toʊld bɪld əv hɪz kʊd bi ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv nɑt ˈoʊnli ðə bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwɛstərn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪn ɪts entirety.”*.” hɪz wərdz wər ˈwaɪdli nɑt baɪ ðɪs ˈraɪtər. sɪns hi ˈətərd ðɛm, ðə ˈvoʊtɪd fər, ˈhɛlpɪŋ tɪ pʊʃ trəmp təˈwɔrdz ə ˈprɛzɪdənsi ðət, ɪn ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv deɪz, həz sin θrɛts əv wɔr wɪθ ˌɪˈrɑn ənd ˈʧaɪnə ənd ən ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ə rɪˈlɪʤəsli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd bæn ɔn ˈɪməgrənts, ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋz əv ə ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn əv ðə rul əv lɔ, ðə ˈhændˌkəfɪŋ əv ˈʧɪldrən, ə ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ˈdaʊnɪŋ strit əv ə trəmp ædˈvaɪzər hu həz kleɪmd ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈmuvmənt wɑz ˈgreɪtəst θrɛt tɪ ˈfridəm ənd prɑˈspɛrəti ɪn ðə ˈmɑdərn world,”*,” rul baɪ ˌɪˈligəl ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv diktat*, ðə ˈwikənɪŋ ənd fɔrˈtoʊld ˌɑbsəˈlɛsəns əv ˈneɪtoʊ, rɪˈnud ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə juˈkreɪn, ðə diˌfɛnɛˈstreɪʃən əv ðə ˈæktɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl, ənd ə ʃɑrp ˌɪnˈkris (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ frəm əˈmɛrɪkən ˌbɪljəˈnɛrz) ɪn ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ˈpæˌspɔrts tɪ ðə rɪˈmoʊtəst pleɪs ɪn ðə wərld wɪθ gʊd ˈkɔfi: nu ˈzilənd. maɪ ˈfæməli ənd aɪ, tu, hæv rɪˈnud ɑrz. ənd ɪt ɪz ˈɪntu ðɪs wərld ðət wi hæv slɪpt. wi hæv kət ɑr lɪŋks wɪθ ə ˈjunjən ðət həz dɪˈlɪvərd pis tɪ ˈjʊrəp ənd ə ˈvɛri kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈmɛʒər əv prɑˈspɛrəti tɪ ˈjuˈɛs. wi drɪft əˈkrɔs ðə əˈtlæntɪk təˈwɔrdz ə ˈprɛzɪdənt hu həz toʊld ˈjuˈɛs hi wɪl pʊt əˈmɛrɪkə fərst. ðɪs ɪz ˈmædnəs. wi məst hæv kənˈtroʊl. wi məst hæv ə ˈmoʊtər wɛr wi kən, ʃʊd wi ʧuz, pʊl ðə kɔrd ənd rɪˈtərn tɪ ə ˈhɑrbər ðət həz kɛpt ˈjuˈɛs seɪf sɪns ðə wərld wɑz læst æt wɔr. ɑr ˈpɑrləmɛnt meɪ jɛt liv ðə ˈhɑrbər wɪˈθaʊt ˈtɛstɪŋ ðə ˈɪnʤən. ɪt meɪ jɛt ˈpərˌmɪt ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər tɪ ˈtrɪgər ˈɑrtɪkəl 50 wɪˈθaʊt ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz. bət ə keɪs wɪθ grin ˈpɑrti ˈʤɑnəθən ˈbɑrtli, ˈstivən ˈægnu, ə grin ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈnɔrðərn ˈaɪrɪʃ əˈsɛmbli ənd kiθ ˈteɪlər, ə grin æm ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈdəblɪn haɪ kɔrt siks tɪ gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ðə paʊər tɪ ˈtrævəl bæk ɪf wi nid ɪt. ðə ˈifɛkts əv ən ˈɑrtɪkəl 50 ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃən ər nɑt ˈfʊli nɑt ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəz meɪ ɪz stɪl ˈpɛdəlɪŋ ə blaɪnd ˈbɑrgɪn, ə pig-in-a-poke*. wi du noʊ ðət, ʃʊd wi æsk ənd ðə ˈəðər 27 ˈmɛmbər steɪts əˈgri, wi kʊd rɪˈmeɪn. bət ɪt ɪz breɪv tɪ əˈsum ðət tu jɪrz əv ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ ðə nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ skɪlz əv ˈbɔrɪs ˈʤɑnsən, ˈliəm fɑks ənd ˈdeɪvɪd ˈdeɪvɪs wɪl nɑt ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ˈivɪn wən hold-out*. ˌbiˈsaɪdz, waɪ ʃʊd wi ʧuz fər ɑr feɪt tɪ rɛst ɪn ðə hænz əv ðə ta’*’ ˈmɔltə ɪn ər ðə (ˈnæʃənəl əˈsɛmbli) ɪn soʊˈfiə? ˈbɛtər fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ hæv əˈtɑnəmi ˈoʊvər ɑr ðət wi teɪk bæk kənˈtroʊl, ɛz aɪ ˈdɪmli ˈriˌkɔl ˈsəmˌwən meɪ wəns hæv sɛd. ðə priˈpɑndrəns əv ˈligəl əˈpɪnjən ɪz ðət wi kʊd, ˈæftər ɔl, ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ rɪˈmeɪn. ðət wi kʊd, ˈhævɪŋ ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd, wɪθˈdrɔ ðət ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃən. bət, ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈmægnəˌtud əv ðə ˈɪʃu, ɑr ˈpɑrləmɛnt məst noʊ mɔr ðən wət ðə ˈænsər ˈprɑbəˌbli ɪz. ɪt məst noʊ wət ɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli ɪz. ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə ˈænsər ɪz fər ðə wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi ðə ˈænsər fər ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈmɛmbər steɪt ðət meɪ ɑpt tɪ liv ˌbiˈfɔr riˈθɪŋkɪŋ. ənd ðɪs minz ðət ˈoʊnli ðə kɔrt tɪ wɪʧ wi ɔl səbˈskraɪb kən gɪv ən ˈænsər: ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kɔrt ɪn ˈləksəmˌbɔrg. ɪt meɪ bi ə ˈfɔrən kɔrt, ənd səm wɪl heɪt ɪt fər ðət, bət ɪt ɪz ˈoʊnli ðə ˈləksəmˌbɔrg kɔrt ðət kən gɪv ˈjuˈɛs kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ɑr oʊn ˈdɛstəni. wərld ɪn wɪʧ wi hæv ə ʧæns tɪ rɪˈvərs ə ˌprɑpəˈzɪʃən ðət tərnd aʊt tɪ bi ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ɪz ˈbɛtər ðən ðə wən wi ˈprɛzəntli have”*” wi ˈækˌsɛs ɪt ˈviə ə ˈnæʃənəl kɔrt. ənd ɪt bi wən əv ɑrz. wən əv ðə kəmˈpleɪnts ɪn ðə ˈdəblɪn keɪs ɪz ðət ðə ˈəðər 27 hæv briʧt ðə ˈtriti baɪ ɪkˈskludɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs frəm ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmitɪŋz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd ˈəndər ˈɑrtɪkəl 50 ənd ðət kəmˈpleɪnt kən ˈoʊnli bi meɪd baɪ ə kɔrt ɪn wən əv ðoʊz 27 ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ kɔrt ɪz ðə ˈnæʧərəl ʧɔɪs: wi ʃɛr ən ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ə ˈligəl ˈkəlʧər ənd, bɪˈkəz lɪvd ɪn ðə ˈsaɪdbaɪˈsaɪd ˈɛvər sɪns ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ təˈgɛðər, ˈaɪərlənd wɪl bi proʊˈfaʊndli əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ɑr dɪˈpɑrʧər. bət wɪˈʧɛvər kɔrt wi æsk fər ðə ˈrɛfərəns, ɪt stɪl ɛndz əp ɪn ðə seɪm pleɪs, ðə kɔrt əv ˈʤəstɪs əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən (cjeu*). ðə həz ˈsɪgnəld, ˈʤɛntli, ðət ɪt θɪŋks ðɪs kˈwɛʃən rikˈwaɪərz ən ˈænsər. waɪl ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈsərtənti ðət ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ kɔrt wɪl rɪˈfər ðə kˈwɛʃən, ɪf ɪt ə ˈmɑdəst teɪl kʊd hæv ə dɪˈsɪʒən frəm ˈləksəmˌbɔrg ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈsəmər. ər ɪt meɪ teɪk ə ˈlɪtəl ˈlɔŋgər. ə ˈrulɪŋ ðət wi kʊd ˌjunəˈlætərəli wɪθˈdrɔ ɑr dɪˈsɪʒən wʊd min ðət ðə ɪt ɪn ðə. ðət ʧɔɪs wʊd kəm hoʊm tɪ ˈjuˈɛs. ɪf wi wɪn fər ðə ˈkəntri ðə raɪt tɪ kip ˈɔpʃənz ˈoʊpən ˈpɛndɪŋ mɔr ˈɛvədəns, wi kən bɪˈgɪn tɪ fil mɔr ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk. ə wərld ɪn wɪʧ dɪz nɑt ˈdæmɪʤ ɑr fˈjuʧər ɪz ə gʊd wən. ənd ə wərld ɪn wɪʧ wi hæv ə ʧæns tɪ rɪˈvərs ə ˌprɑpəˈzɪʃən ðət tərnd aʊt tɪ bi ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ɪz ˈbɛtər ðən ðə wən wi ˈprɛzəntli hæv. soʊ ɪf wi əˈsum ðət ðə kɔrt əv ˈʤəstɪs grænts ˈjuˈɛs ðɪs ˈfridəm, wət ˈhæpənz nɛkst? meɪ ˈprɑməst ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wʊd ðə ˈfaɪnəl dil ðət ɪz əˈgrid bɪtˈwin ðə ənd ðə tɪ ə voʊt ɪn boʊθ ˈhaʊsɪz əv ˈpɑrləmɛnt ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt kəmz ˈɪntu force.”*.” wɪˈθɪn ˈmɪnəts wət ðɪs kəˈmɪtmənt kʊd sɔt tɪ ˈwizəl aʊt əv ɪt. jɛs, hi wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈhændˌkəf ðə ɪˈlɛktərət əv 2019 tɪ ə dɪˈsɪʒən meɪd θri jɪrz ˈərliər. noʊ, ðɪs ɪz nɑt haʊ dɪˈmɑkrəsi wərks. bət rɪˈlæks jʊr ɑrʧt ˈaɪˌbraʊ: ɪt ɪz ˈpɑrləmɛnt ənd nɑt hi, ˈdeɪvɪs, ðət ɪz səˈprim. ənd ɪf ˈləksəmˌbɔrg ɪmˈpaʊərz ɑr ˈpɑrləmɛnt baɪ ˈgɪvɪŋ tɪ ɪt ðə ˈɔpʃən əv rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ, ðɛn nɑt ʧuz ˈwɛðər tɪ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ðət ˈɔpʃən. ənd wɪn kəm tɪ voʊt ɔn ðət ˈfaɪnəl dil ðeɪ wɪl teɪk ðə ˈtɛmpərəʧər əv ðə ɪˈlɛktərət. ənd ɪf ðə ˈtɛmpərəʧər ɪz bɪˈkəz ðə dil fɔlz ʃɔrt əv ðə waɪt ˈpeɪpər ˈprɑməsəz ər ðə relationship”*” filz laɪk ən əˈbjusɪv wən, ər ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈstændərdz hæv dɪˈklaɪnd ər fər ˈmɛni ˈəðər ər ˈvɛri ˈlaɪkli tɪ drɔ ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən fər ə ˈfərðər ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm. wən ɪn wɪʧ boʊθ ˈʧɔɪsɪz ər klɪr. ðə ˈpipəl wɪl ðɛn noʊ wət əv ðə ˈprɑməs əv ˈsənˌlɪt ˈəpləndz, ðeɪ wɪl hæv ən ˈækʧəwəl dil wɪθ ðə, ər ðə læk əv wən. ðeɪ wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ noʊ wət ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪv ərˈeɪnʤmənt wɪθ wɪʧ ðə ˈkəntri həz lɪvd sɪns 1973 ənd ɪf ðə mud ɔn ðə ˈkɑntənənt ɪz ðət ɪt wʊd bi ˈbɛtər fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ rɪˈmeɪn, ɪt ɪz ˈpərfəktli ˈpɑsəbəl ðət ðə wɪl ˈdæŋgəl kənˈsɛʃənz dɪˈrɛkli ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɪˈlɛktərət. ˌɪnˈdid, ˈʤɑnsən fɔrˈtoʊld ðɪs ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti wɪn hi roʊt ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪgˈzæktli ə jɪr əˈgoʊ ðət ˈhɪstəri ʃoʊz ðət ðeɪ ˈoʊnli ˈrɪli ˈlɪsən tɪ ə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən wɪn ɪt sɪz no.”*.” ʃʊd wi hæv ðət ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm, ɔn ðə ˈfaɪnəl dil ər rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ, ɪt wɪl bi unlosable*. ðə kənˈflɪktɪŋ steɪt ənd ˈbɪgər nhs*; fjuər ˈɪməgrənts ənd ˈdɪfərənt ˈɪməgrənts; prəˈtɛktɪŋ dəˈmɛstɪk ˈɪndəstriz ənd ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp tɪ ðə ɔl kəmˈbaɪnd tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ðə ˈnɛroʊ ““leave”*” ˈvɪktəri wɪl ˈnɛvər bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌkoʊəˈlɛs əraʊnd ˈɛni ˈækʧəwəl, ˈsɪŋgəl pəˈzɪʃən. ðə ““remain”*” voʊt wɪl bi wət ɪt ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈjunəˌfaɪd voʊt fər ən ˌɪmˈpərfɪkt ˈjunjən ðət həz dɪˈlɪvərd pis ənd prɑˈspɛrəti. ðə ““leave”*” voʊt, tu, wɪl bi wət ɪt ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈhənərd ˌkɑntrəˈdɪktəri ənd ənd ənˈplænd ˈvɪʒənz əv ɔlˈtərnətɪvz. ənd ɪt wɪl ˈsplɪntər ɪn ə ˈhənərd ˈdɪfərənt dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz. soʊ aɪ rɪˈmeɪn ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk əˈbaʊt ɑr fˈjuʧər. bət wi məst nɑt fərˈgɛt ðɪs. əˈməŋ ˈjuˈɛs ər ˈmɛni huz lɪvz ər ˈminɪŋfəli əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ɑr ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl ərˈeɪnʤmənts wɪθ ɑr frɛndz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈʧænəl. fər ðoʊz ˈpipəl ðə ˈpræktɪkəl ˈifɛkts ər proʊˈfaʊnd, ənd wi məst nɑt ˈoʊvərˌlʊk ðət. fər ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs, ɪt ɪz nɑt ə ʧeɪnʤ tɪ ðoʊz ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl ərˈeɪnʤmənts ðət wi fɪr. ɪt ɪz ðə ˈʤɛpərdi tɪ ðə kˈwɑləti əv ɑr dɪˈmɑkrəsi. tɪ ðə ˈkəntri wi bɪkˈwiθ tɪ ɑr ˈʧɪldrən. tɪ ɑr ˈvæljuz əv ˈtɑlərəns, ˈprɑˌgrɛs ənd ˈoʊpən ɪnkˈwaɪˌri. ənd tɪ ðə ˈdɪgnəti əv ðoʊz ə wərld livz bɪˈhaɪnd. bət ðɪs ˈʤɛpərdi dɪz nɑt ˌɪˈnɛvətəbli ˈfɑloʊ frəm ˈɛni ˈsɪŋgəl ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ɑr ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl ərˈeɪnʤmənts. ðiz ˈbætəlz wɪl nɑt bi lɔst. ðeɪ wɪl stɪl bi ðɛr tɪ bi ðeɪ wɪl stɪl bi ðɛr tɪ bi wən.
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©archimboldus, doublebubble rex/shutterstock read more by jolyon maugham here the marriage metaphor is apt. we have not yet taken even the first formal step. but already the decision to begin divorce proceedings with the european union is clogged with past resentments, fears for the future, and the steady ambivalence that characterised the marriage. it was a finely balanced decision in june—and it remains a finely balanced decision now. the polls on support for “leave” and “remain” have barely shifted. but there is now pretty broad agreement that the time has come to trigger the separation. so how do we make progress? the remainers of 2016, and i am one, must start by putting aside expedient analyses of what the result of the referendum meant. it is true that it did not bind our parliament in law. but to make this point in isolation is to sidestep the democratic imperative of the result. we voted on whether to leave, and we collectively voted to leave. the fact this did not technically bind parliament does not imply that parliament can properly ignore it. and it is for this reason that i believe our parliament was in principle right to vote to trigger article 50. and why, to answer a rather sharp question put to me by al jazeera, if i’d been an mp in a strongly “remain” constituency, i hope i would nevertheless have had the courage to vote to do the same. but putting aside expediency is something both sides need to do. the referendum left questions unanswered—and it simply denies reality to pretend otherwise. the ballot paper asked one question. no small print. and in asserting the right to read into the result what brexit means, the government is the pallbearer claiming grandpa would have wanted him to have the mahogany tallboy. the answering of the questions about precisely what the “leave” vote means—profoundly important questions—is for our parliament. it is mps who have a roving mandate from the people to answer them. not a government whose manifesto was silent on them, being written before these questions pressed home. our parliamentarians knew this. they collectively could—and should—have demanded a meaningful role in shaping what brexit means. that’s why we put them there. why we pay their salaries and expenses. they owe us. but many lied to deny it. others rended their clothes, and bemoaned their awful moral dilemma. then abdicated it. we have many fine politicians but collectively, if ours really is the mother of all parliaments, she’d be well justified in sending them all to bed without their dinners. and what of the government? it resisted the principle that it is for parliament to trigger article 50; it recognised it only when forced to by our supreme court; it then showed contempt for our constitution by producing a bill that recognises the form but not the substance of the supreme court decision; it next guillotined the debate to meet an arbitrary deadline which had only been jeopardised by its own flawed decision to appeal; and it finally published its white paper only after our sovereign parliament had voted. in all of these ways the government has failed the society it exists to serve. it has embedded divisions in our society, and transformed theresa may’s new year call for unity into a bitter taunt. so where do we now stand? we stand in a wild and uncertain world. speaking before the referendum vote donald tusk, then president of the european council, told bild of his “fear brexit could be the beginning of the destruction of not only the eu but also western political civilisation in its entirety.” his words were widely mocked—but not by this writer. since he uttered them, the voted for brexit, helping to push trump towards a presidency that, in a handful of days, has seen threats of war with iran and china and an invasion of mexico, a religiously motivated ban on immigrants, the beginnings of a breakdown of the rule of law, the handcuffing of children, a visit to downing street of a trump adviser who has claimed the environmental movement was “the greatest threat to freedom and prosperity in the modern world,” rule by illegal executive diktat, the weakening and foretold obsolescence of nato, renewed fighting in theraine, the defenestration of the acting us attorney general, and a sharp increase (including from american billionaires) in applications for passports to the remotest place in the world with good coffee: new zealand. my family and i, too, have renewed ours. and it is into this world that we have slipped. we have cut our links with a union that has delivered peace to europe and a very considerable measure of prosperity to us. we drift across the atlantic towards a president who has told us he will put america first. this is madness. we must have control. we must have a motor where we can, should we choose, pull the cord and return to a harbour that has kept us safe since the world was last at war. our parliament may yet leave the harbour without testing the engine. it may yet rashly permit the prime minister to trigger article 50 without understanding the consequences. but a case which—along with green party co-leader jonathan bartley, steven agnew, a green member of the northern irish assembly and keith taylor, a green mep—i am bringing in the dublin high court seeks to give us the power to travel back if we need it. the effects of an article 50 notification are not fully understood—and not only because may is still peddling a blind bargain, a brexit pig-in-a-poke. we do know that, should we ask and the other 27 member states agree, we could remain. but it is brave to assume that two years of exposure to the negotiating skills of boris johnson, liam fox and david davis will not generate even one hold-out. besides, why should we choose for our fate to rest in the hands of the parlament ta’ malta in valetta or the народно събрание (national assembly) in sofia? better for us to have autonomy over our futures—better that we take back control, as i dimly recall someone may once have said. the preponderance of legal opinion is that we could, after all, decide to remain. that we could, having notified, withdraw that notification. but, given the magnitude of the issue, our parliament must know more than what the answer probably is. it must know what it actually is. whatever the answer is for the will also be the answer for any other member state that may opt to leave before rethinking. and this means that only the court to which we all subscribe can give an answer: the european court in luxembourg. it may be a foreign court, and some will hate it for that, but it is only the luxembourg court that can give us control over our own destiny. “a world in which we have a chance to reverse a brexit proposition that turned out to be damaging is better than the one we presently have” we access it via a national court. and it can’t be one of ours. one of the complaints in the dublin case is that the other 27 have breached the treaty by excluding us from council meetings before we’ve notified under article 50. and that complaint can only be made by a court in one of those 27. the irish court is the natural choice: we share an operating language, a legal culture and, because we’ve lived in the eu side-by-side ever since joining together, ireland will be profoundly affected by our departure. but whichever court we ask for the reference, it still ends up in the same place, the court of justice of the european union (cjeu). the cjeu has signalled, gently, that it thinks this question requires an answer. while there is no certainty that the irish court will refer the question, if it does—with a modest tail wind—we could have a decision from luxembourg before the summer. or it may take a little longer. a ruling that we could unilaterally withdraw our decision would mean that the could—if it chooses—remain in the eu. that choice would come home to us. if we win for the country the right to keep options open pending more evidence, we can begin to feel more optimistic. a world in which brexit does not damage our nation’s future is a good one. and a world in which we have a chance to reverse a brexit proposition that turned out to be damaging is better than the one we presently have. so if we assume that the court of justice grants us this freedom, what happens next? may promised that the government would “put the final deal that is agreed between the and the eu to a vote in both houses of parliament before it comes into force.” within minutes davis—recognising what this commitment could mean—had sought to weasel out of it. yes, he was trying to handcuff the electorate of 2019 to a decision made three years earlier. no, this is not how democracy works. but relax your arched eyebrow: it is parliament and not he, davis, that is supreme. and if luxembourg empowers our parliament by giving to it the option of remaining, then parliament—and not davis—will choose whether to exercise that option. and when mps come to vote on that final deal they will take the temperature of the electorate. and if the temperature is unhealthy—perhaps because the deal falls short of the government’s white paper promises or the “special relationship” feels like an abusive one, or living standards have declined or for many other reasons—they are very likely to draw legislation for a further referendum. one in which both choices are clear. the people will then know what brexit means—instead of the promise of sunlit uplands, they will have an actual deal with the eu, or the lack of one. they will also know what the alternative is—the arrangement with which the country has lived since 1973. and if the mood on the continent is that it would be better for us to remain, it is perfectly possible that the eu will dangle concessions directly before the electorate. indeed, johnson foretold this possibility when he wrote almost exactly a year ago that “all eu history shows that they only really listen to a population when it says no.” should we have that referendum, on the final deal or remaining, it will be unlosable. the conflicting interests—smaller state and bigger nhs; fewer immigrants and different immigrants; protecting domestic industries and opening up plc to the world—that all combined to deliver the narrow “leave” victory will never be able to coalesce around any actual, single position. the “remain” vote will be what it always was—a unified vote for an imperfect union that has delivered peace and prosperity. the “leave” vote, too, will be what it always was—a hundred contradictory and half-formed and unplanned visions of alternatives. and it will splinter in a hundred different directions. so i remain optimistic about our nation’s future. but we must not forget this. among us are many whose lives are meaningfully affected by the nature of our constitutional arrangements with our friends across the channel. for those people the practical effects are profound, and we must not overlook that. for the rest of us, it is not a change to those constitutional arrangements that we fear. it is the jeopardy to the quality of our democracy. to the country we bequeath to our children. to our values of tolerance, progress and open enquiry. and to the dignity of those a fast-changing world leaves behind. but this jeopardy does not inevitably follow from any single change in our constitutional arrangements. these battles will not be lost. they will still be there to be fought—and they will still be there to be won.
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post-recession* ˈbrɪtən həz bɪˈkəm ə lɛs əˈnikwəl pleɪs ðən æt ˈɛni taɪm fər 25 jɪrz, wɪθ ˈweɪʤɪz ˈstægˌneɪtɪŋ waɪl ˈbɛnəfɪts ənd tæks ˈkrɛdɪts hæv hɛlpt prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈɪnˌkəmz əv ðə ˈpurɪst, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ əˈfɪʃəl ˈfɪgjərz. ɪn ɪts ˈænjuəl æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˈtæksɪz ənd ˈbɛnəfɪts ɔn kənˈsumərz, ðə ˈɔfəs fər ˈnæʃənəl stəˈtɪstɪks sɛd ðət ɪn ðə gæp bɪtˈwin rɪʧ ənd pur wɑz æt ɪts ˈnɛroʊəst sɪns 1986 ˈmɛʒərd ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ˈɪndɛks. ðə ˈɪndɛks ˈpleɪsɪz ˈkəntriz ɔn ə skeɪl bɪtˈwin ˈpərˌfɪkt ɪkˈwɑləti, wɛr ˈɛvriˌwənz ˈɪnˌkəm ɪz ðə seɪm ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ɛz ə skɔr əv ˈziroʊ ənd 100 ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti, wɛr wən ˈpərsən teɪks hoʊm ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪnˌkəm. ðə ˈmɛʒər fər ðə slɪpt tɪ frəm ə jɪr ˈərliər. ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ðə ˈɪndɛks ɪz əˈbəv 40 waɪl ɪn sˈwidən, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪt ɪz ɛz loʊ ɛz 25 ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti tɛndz tɪ fɔl ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈdaʊnˌtərnz, ɛz ˈbɛnəfɪts ər ɪn laɪn wɪθ ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən waɪl ˈweɪʤɪz ər hɪt baɪ ˈraɪzɪŋ ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt. bət ˈɛkspərts ɪkˈspɛkt ðə ˈrisənt dɪˈklaɪn ɪn ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti tɪ bi rɪˈvərst, wəns ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈgəvərnmənts ˈbɛnəfɪt kərbz kəm ˈɪntu fɔrs. ˈrɑbərt ʤɔɪs, ˈsinjər ɪˈkɑnəmɪst æt ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈfɪskəl ˈstədiz, sɛd: "fər ˌloʊˈɪnkəm ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz, məʧ əv ðə peɪn ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ naʊ ər ɪz stɪl tɪ kəm, bɪˈkəz wɪr ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ə ˈpɪriəd wɪn ˈbɛnəfɪts ər biɪŋ kət bæk." ˈævərɪʤ ˈænjuəl ˈweɪʤɪz fɛl baɪ mɔr ðən ɪn ðə θri jɪrz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə kræʃ, waɪl ˈpɛnʃənz ənd moʊst steɪt ˈbɛnəfɪts kənˈtɪnjud tɪ bi ɪn laɪn wɪθ ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən. ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈɪnˌkəm fər ðə ˈpurɪst fɪθ əv ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz wɑz əp baɪ ˈoʊvər ðə seɪm ˈpɪriəd. mɔr ˈrisənt ˈpɑləsiz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈʧænsələrz 1 kæp ɔn ˈbɛnəfɪt ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ənˈtɪl 2016 ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ rɪˈvərs ðət trɛnd. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtæksɪz ənd ˈbɛnəfɪts, ðə ˈrɪʧəst fɪθ əv ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz hæd ən ˈævərɪʤ ˈɪnˌkəm əv ɪn ðət wɑz 14 taɪmz ˈgreɪtər ðən ðə ˈpurɪst fɪθ, huz ˈɪnˌkəmz ˈævrɪʤd ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wəns kæʃ ˈbɛnəfɪts səʧ ɛz ðə steɪt ˈpɛnʃən ənd tæks ˈkrɛdɪts wər ˈfæktərd ɪn, ðə ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ drɑpt tɪ wɪθ ðə tɔp fɪθ ˈərnɪŋ ə jɪr kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ðə ˈpurɪst ˈævərɪʤ. ðə gæp wɑz daʊn frəm ðə ˈpriviəs jɪr, wɪn ðə ˈrɪʧər fɪθ ərnd 16 taɪmz ðə ˈɪnˌkəm əv ðə ˈpurɪst ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz. ðə ɑnz æˈnælɪsɪs ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈvild ðə ˈhɛfti ʧəŋk ðə ˈɛksˌʧɛkər teɪks frəm ðoʊz æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə ˈɪnˌkəm skeɪl ɪn ˈtæksɪz. ðə ˈpurɪst fɪθ əv ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz lɔst ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə θərd əv ðɛr dɪˈspoʊzəbəl ˈɪnˌkəmz ɪn ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈtæksɪz səʧ ɛz væt, ˈælkəˌhɑl ənd fjuəl ˈduti ɪn ðə ɑnz sɛd ðə ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə reɪt əv væt frəm tɪ 20 ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2011 hɛlpt draɪv ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˌɪndərˈɛkt tæks peɪd baɪ ðə loʊəst ˈərnərz əp tɪ ə jɪr, ər 29 əv ðɛr dɪˈspoʊzəbəl kæʃ. ɪn ˈkɑntræst, waɪl ðə ˈrɪʧəst fɪθ əv ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz peɪd ən ˈævərɪʤ əv ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ðɛr ˈərnɪŋz mɛnt ðɪs wɑz ʤɪst 14 əv ðɛr dɪˈspoʊzəbəl ˈɪnˌkəm. "ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈtæksɪz ækt tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti əv ˈɪnˌkəm," ðə ɑnz sɛd. ˈjunjənz sɛd ðə ˈfɪgjərz ʃoʊd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ʃʊd loʊərɪŋ ðə reɪt əv væt ˈrəðər ðən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈɪnˌkəm tæks əˈlaʊəns tɪ ə plɛʤ meɪd baɪ ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈdɛməˌkræt ˈlidər, nɪk klɛg. ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri, ˈfrænsɪs oʊˈgreɪdi, sɛd: "ˌloʊˈɪnkəm ˈfæməliz wɪl geɪn ˈvərʧuəli ˈnəθɪŋ frəm ðə ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə ˈpərsɪnəl əˈlaʊəns, bət wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ luz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli frəm ðə raɪz ɪn væt. "ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ wət ˈmɪnɪstərz kleɪm, ðə ˈgəvərnmənts tæks ˈpɑləsiz ər ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈnɛgətɪv ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə ˈpurɪst ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz." dɪˈrɛkt ˈtæksɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈɪnˌkəm tæks, kɔst ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz ən ˈævərɪʤ əv ˈoʊvər ðə jɪr, ɪkˈwɪvələnt tɪ 20 əv ðɛr groʊs ˈɪnˌkəm. ðə ˈpurɪst fɪθ peɪd əraʊnd ər 10 əv ˈɪnˌkəm, əv wɪʧ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst kəmˈpoʊnənt wɑz ˈkaʊnsəl tæks. ðə ˈrɪʧəst fɪθ əv ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz peɪd ər 25 əv groʊs ˈɪnˌkəm, əv wɪʧ moʊst wɑz ˈɪnˌkəm tæks. ðə ɑnz sɛd ðə ˈævərɪʤ dɪˈspoʊzəbəl ˈɪnˌkəm əv ə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld wɑz taɪmz haɪər ɪn ril tərmz ðən ɪn 1977 bət ðət ˈɪnˌkəmz hæd nɑt groʊn ˈivənli. waɪl ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈɪnˌkəm əv ðə ˈrɪʧəst ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz wɑz taɪmz haɪər, əˈməŋ ðə ˈpurɪst ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz ðət ˈfɪgjər fɛl tɪ
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post-recession britain has become a less unequal place than at any time for 25 years, with wages stagnating while benefits and tax credits have helped protect the incomes of the poorest, according to official figures.
in its annual analysis of the impact of taxes and benefits on consumers, the office for national statistics said that in 2011-12 the gap between rich and poor was at its narrowest since 1986, measured using the internationally recognised gini index. the index places countries on a scale between perfect equality, where everyone's income is the same – represented as a score of zero – and 100% inequality, where one person takes home the entire national income.
the measure for the uk slipped to 32.3%, from 33.7% a year earlier. in the us, the gini index is above 40%, while in sweden, for example, it is as low as 25%.
inequality tends to fall during economic downturns, as benefits are uprated in line with inflation while wages are hit by rising unemployment. but experts expect the recent decline in inequality to be reversed, once the coalition government's benefit curbs come into force.
robert joyce, senior economist at the institute for fiscal studies, said: "for low-income households, much of the pain is happening now or is still to come, because we're in the middle of a period when benefits are being cut back."
average annual wages fell by more than £1,200 in the three years following the crash, while pensions and most state benefits continued to be uprated in line with inflation. the average income for the poorest fifth of households was up by 6.9% over the same period. more recent policies, including the chancellor's 1% cap on working-age benefit increases until 2016, are expected to reverse that trend.
before taxes and benefits, the richest fifth of households had an average income of £78,300 in 2011-12. that was 14 times greater than the poorest fifth, whose incomes averaged £5,400.
however, once cash benefits such as the state pension and tax credits were factored in, the ratio dropped to 6:1, with the top fifth earning £80,700 a year compared with the poorest fifth's £12,900 average. the gap was down from the previous year, when the richer fifth earned 16 times the income of the poorest households.
the ons analysis also revealed the hefty chunk the exchequer takes from those at the bottom of the income scale in taxes. the poorest fifth of uk households lost almost a third of their disposable incomes in indirect taxes such as vat, alcohol and fuel duty in 2011-12. the ons said the increase in the rate of vat from 17.5% to 20% in january 2011 helped drive the amount of indirect tax paid by the lowest earners up to £3,400 a year, or 29% of their disposable cash.
in contrast, while the richest fifth of households paid an average of £8,700, the difference in their earnings meant this was just 14% of their disposable income. "indirect taxes act to increase inequality of income," the ons said.
unions said the figures showed the government should prioritise lowering the rate of vat rather than increasing the personal income tax allowance to £10,000, a pledge made by the liberal democrat leader, nick clegg.
the tuc's general secretary, frances o'grady, said: "low-income families will gain virtually nothing from the increase in the personal allowance, but will continue to lose significantly from the rise in vat.
"contrary to what ministers claim, the government's tax policies are having a negative impact on the poorest households."
direct taxes, including income tax, cost households an average of £7,400 over the year, equivalent to 20% of their gross income. the poorest fifth paid around £1,300 or 10% of income, of which the largest component was council tax. the richest fifth of households paid £19,900 or 25% of gross income, of which most was income tax.
the ons said the average disposable income of a uk household was 2.24 times higher in real terms than in 1977, but that incomes had not grown evenly. while the average income of the richest households was 2.49 times higher, among the poorest households that figure fell to 1.93.
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reus*, wən əv moʊst praɪzd ˈæˌsɛts, spɛnt tu wiks ɪn rihæb əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd 16 læst jɪr ɛz ðə ˈjəŋstər rɪˈkəvərd frəm ə ˈbroʊkən ˈkɑlərˌboʊn. ənd, hu ʤɔɪnd juθ sɛt əp 11 mənθs əˈgoʊ, wɑz ɔl ɪrz ɛz mæpt aʊt ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ hɪz pəˈtɛnʃəl. ˈæftər ə juθ ˈkɑnˌtrækt æt wɪθ ə vju tɪ ə fʊl prəˈfɛʃənəl dil, rɪˈvild haʊ wərdz əv ˈwɪzdəm strək ə kɔrd ənd pleɪd ə pɑrt ɪn ˈprɑmptɪŋ ɪm tɪ əkˈsɛpt əˈproʊʧ. treɪnd təˈgɛðər fər əˈbaʊt tu wiks duɪŋ ˈpæsɪŋ ənd ˈʃutɪŋ drɪlz ənd ˈʤɛnərəl bɔl wərk," sɛd. ə fænˈtæstɪk pleɪər ənd ɪt wɑz gʊd tɪ gɪt kloʊz tɪ ɪm ənd ˈlɪsən tɪ wət hi hæd tɪ seɪ. gɑt riˈlist baɪ ˈdɔrtmənd æt 17 ənd ʤɔɪnd gladbach*, ənd ðeɪ brɔt ɪm bæk æt ðə eɪʤ əv 22 ˈmɛsɪʤ tɪ mi wɑz əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv goʊɪŋ ˈsəmˌwɛr ðət ju hæv ðə ʧæns əv fərst tim ˈfʊtˌbɔl æt ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl ˈpɑsəbəl. ədˈvaɪs wɑz ə bɪg ˈfæktər ɪn maɪ dɪˈsɪʒən. wən əv tɔp pleɪərz ənd ɪt wɑz greɪt tɪ hæv ðə kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ ɪm. ɪz ə greɪt ˈlɛvəl. əv kɔrs ə rɪsk ɪn ˈlivɪŋ ˈdɔrtmənd bət aɪ bæk ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd ɪf aɪ æm goʊɪŋ tɪ goʊ fər ɪt, goʊɪŋ 100 pər cent.”*.” ðə nu saʊθ weɪlz ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv spɔrt ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈnɪkˌneɪmd hurricane’*’ wɪl ʤɔɪn ə tim ˈpʊʃɪŋ fər pərˈmoʊʃən tɪ ðə ˈviə ðə play-offs*. ˌɪˈnɪʃəli, hi wɪl wɪθ ðɛr tim waɪl ˈtreɪnɪŋ twaɪs ə wik wɪθ ðə ˈsinjər saɪd. θɪŋz wərk aʊt wɛl aɪ hæv bɪn ˈprɑməst ə ɪn ə ˈkəpəl əv mənθs, ənd ðət wɑz wən əv ðə meɪn ˈrizənz aɪ hæv ʤɔɪnd ðə club,”*,” sɛd. ˈdɔrtmənd ər ə ˈmæsɪv kləb ənd ðə ʧæns əv pleɪɪŋ fərst tim ˈfʊtˌbɔl wɑz ˈprɪti loʊ. baɪ ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈgɪtɪŋ səm fərst tim ˈfʊtˌbɔl æt ə jəŋ eɪʤ. ə juʤ ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər mi. ðeɪ ʃoʊd ðɛr ˈɪntəˌrɛst ˈæftər aɪ pleɪd əˈgɛnst ðɛm leɪt læst jɪr fər under-16s*, ənd ɪt wɛnt frəm ðɛr. wɪθ ðə rɪˈzəmʃən əv ðə ˈʤərmən ˈsizən ˈɪmənənt ˈæftər ðə ˈwɪntər breɪk, ər ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv wɪnz ˈoʊvər ənd beɪər leverkusen*. "ðeɪ hæv ə dəʧ koʊʧ ˈvərbik) ənd ðeɪ laɪk tɪ kip ðə bɔl, ənd ðɛr staɪl ˈrɪli suts mi," sɛd. hæv ən tim æt, ənd ʤɪst wɔnt ðɛr bɛst pleɪərz frəm ðə tɪ ˈprɑˌgrɛs streɪt ˈɪntu ðə fərst tim, wɪʧ ɪz əˈnəðər ˈrizən aɪ wɛnt ðɛr. ju ər gʊd ɪˈnəf, ðeɪ wɪl gɪv ju ðə ʧæns. əˈnəðər pæθ frəm ˈdɔrtmənd, bət frəm wət aɪ si ðə raɪt wən. "ənˈfɔrʧənətli aɪ broʊk maɪ ˈkɑlər boʊn θri geɪmz ˈɪntu ðə ˈsizən ənd wɑz aʊt ənˈtɪl əraʊnd noʊˈvɛmbər taɪm, wɪʧ ɪz wɪn aɪ pleɪd əˈgɛnst. wɑz ənˈləki, bət sɔrt əv ˈləki ɛz wɛl bɪˈkəz aɪ gɑt ðət ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ rihæb taɪm wɪθ ˈmɑrkoʊ reus.”*.”
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reus, one of dortmund’s most prized assets, spent two weeks in rehab alongside 16 year-old gorgovski last year as the youngster recovered from a broken collarbone.
and gorgovski, who joined dortmund's youth set up 11 months ago, was all ears as reus mapped out the best way to maximise his potential.
after inking a two-year youth contract at bochum with a view to a full professional deal, gorgovski revealed how reus’s words of wisdom struck a chord and played a part in prompting him to accept bochum’s approach.
“we trained together for about two weeks doing passing and shooting drills and general ball work," gorgovski said.
“he’s a fantastic player and it was good to get close to him and listen to what he had to say.
“he got released by dortmund at 17 and joined gladbach, and they brought him back at the age of 22.
“his message to me was about the importance of going somewhere that you have the chance of first team football at the highest level possible.
“his advice was a big factor in my decision. he’s one of germany’s top players and it was great to have the connection with him.
“bochum is a great level. of course there’s a risk in leaving dortmund but i back myself and if i am going to go for it, i’m going 100 per cent.”
the new south wales institute of sport graduate nicknamed ‘the hurricane’ will join a bochum team pushing for promotion to the bundesliga via the play-offs. initially, he will link-up with their under-19s team while training twice a week with the senior side.
“if things work out well i have been promised a pro-contract in a couple of months, and that was one of the main reasons i have joined the club,” gorgovski said.
“obviously dortmund are a massive club and the chance of playing first team football was pretty low. by coming to bochum there’s the possibility of getting some first team football at a young age.
“it's a huge opportunity for me. they showed their interest after i played against them late last year for dortmund’s under-16s, and it went from there.
with the resumption of the german season imminent after the winter break, sith-placed bochum are coming off impressive warm-up wins over monchengladbach and bayer leverkusen.
"they have a dutch coach (gertjan verbeek) and they like to keep the ball, and their style really suits me," gorgovski said.
“they don’t have an under-23 team at bochum, and just want their best players from the under-19s to progress straight into the first team, which is another reason i went there.
“if you are good enough, they will give you the chance. it’s another path from dortmund, but from what i see it’s the right one.
"unfortunately i broke my collar bone three games into the under-17s season and was out until around november time, which is when i played against bochum.
“it was unlucky, but sort of lucky as well because i got that opportunity to rehab time with marco reus.”
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rushel* ʃɛl woʊnt bi rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ˈpɪtsbərg, ə sɔrs toʊld ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ. ʃɛl æst fər hɪz riˈlis ɪn ˈeɪprəl ənd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈtrænsfər tɪ. bət ðə stɑr ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈnɛvər ɛnˈroʊld æt ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈrisəntli æst ðə ˈpɪtsbərg ˈkoʊʧɪŋ stæf əˈbaʊt rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈpænθərz. ʃɛl, hu hæd ðə ˈrəʃɪŋ jɑrdz ɔn pɪt ɛz ə tru ˈfrɛʃmən, wɪl nɑt bi əˈlaʊd tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə ˈpænθərz ˈæftər trænsˈfərɪŋ ɪn ˈeɪprəl, ə sɔrs sɛd. ˈʧɑrəlz təˈdeɪ spɔrts ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə dɔr wɑz ˈnɛvər ˈoʊpən fər ʃɛl tɪ rɪˈtərn, ðə sɔrs sɛd. ʃɛl, hu əraɪvd æt pɪt ɪn 2012 ɛz wən əv ðə tɔp ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈprɑspɛkts ɪn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈkəntri, wʊd hæv bɪn ðə ˈfiʧərd bæk fər ðə ˈpænθərz ɪn 2013 bət ʃɛl æst fər taɪm əˈweɪ frəm ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈdʊrɪŋ spərɪŋ ˈpræktɪs tɪ "wərk θru səm ˈʧælənʤɪz." ɔn ˈeɪprəl 2 ðə skul ˈfɔrməli əˈnaʊnst ðət ʃɛl ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈtrænsfər. ʃɛl ɪz frəm ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˌæləkˈwɪpə, pɑ., ənd həz twɪn ˈdɔtərz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə. ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs taɪmz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ʃɛl ʧeɪnʤd hɪz maɪnd əˈbaʊt bɪˈkəz hi fɛlt ðə ˈdɪstəns wɑz tu greɪt. ʃɛl ˈɛnərd spərɪŋ drɪlz ɛz pɪts ˈstɑrtər ˈæftər ˈrəʃɪŋ fər 641 jɑrdz, ɔn ðə tim, ənd fɔr ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz ɛz ə tru ˈfrɛʃmən ɪn 2012 hi əraɪvd æt pɪt ˈæftər ˈsɛtɪŋ ðə ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə steɪt ˈrɛkərd fər kərɪr ˈrəʃɪŋ jɑrdz æt ˈhoʊpˌwɛl haɪ ɪn ˌæləkˈwɪpə. ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm brɛt məkˈmərfi wɑz juzd ɪn ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt.
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rushel shell won't be returning to pittsburgh, a source told espn.com on monday.
shell asked for his release in april and decided to transfer to ucla. but the star running back never enrolled at ucla and instead recently asked the pittsburgh coaching staff about returning to the panthers.
rushel shell, who had the second-most rushing yards on pitt as a true freshman, will not be allowed to return to the panthers after transferring in april, a source said. charles leclaire/usa today sports
however, the door was never open for shell to return, the source said.
shell, who arrived at pitt in 2012 as one of the top running back prospects in the entire country, would have been the featured back for the panthers in 2013. but shell asked for time away from football during spring practice to "work through some challenges."
on april 2, the school formally announced that shell decided to transfer.
shell is from nearby aliquippa, pa., and has twin daughters living in pennsylvania. the los angeles times reported that shell changed his mind about ucla because he felt the distance was too great.
shell entered spring drills as pitt's starter after rushing for 641 yards, second-most on the team, and four touchdowns as a true freshman in 2012. he arrived at pitt after setting the pennsylvania state record for career rushing yards at hopewell high in aliquippa.
information from espn's brett mcmurphy was used in this report.
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octoberfest* ˈbɑmɪŋ: ˈʤərmən ˈgəvərnmənt blɑks ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənsi ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt baɪ ˈhɛnɪŋ 18 ˈeɪprəl 2015 ˈɔlˌmoʊst 35 jɪrz ˈæftər ðə wərst ɪkˈstrimɪst əˈtæk ɪn ˈʤərməni, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈblɑkɪŋ əˈtɛmpts tɪ ənˈkəvər wət ˈhæpənd baɪ wɪθˈhoʊldɪŋ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈdɑkjəmənts. ðə stæns kən lɛd tɪ ˈoʊnli wən kənˈkluʒən: ə steɪt wɪˈθɪn ðə steɪt ɪgˈzɪsts ɪn ˈʤərməni ðət rɪˈzɪsts ˈɛni sɔrt əv ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk kənˈtroʊl. ɪn ðə bɔm əˈtæk æt ðə ɪn mˈjunɪk ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 26 1980 12 ˈbaɪˌstændərz wər kɪld əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈbɑmər,. tu ˈhənərd wər ˈsɪriəsli ˈɪnʤərd. ˈivɪn æt ðə taɪm, əˈθɔrətiz sɔt tɪ ˈkəvər əp ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd tɪ ðə əˈtæks ənd ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz bɪˈhaɪnd ɪt. ðeɪ kˈwɪkli kənˈkludɪd ðət hæd ˈkɛrid aʊt ðə əˈtæk əˈloʊn. ˈɛvədəns ənd ˈwɪtnəs ˈsteɪtmənts səˈʤɛstɪd ðət steɪt əˈθɔrətiz ənd ˈtɛrərɪst grups wər ˈikwəli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. ʤɪst tu jɪrz ˈæftər ðə əˈtæk, ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 23 1982 ðə ˈfɛdərəl steɪt ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər brɔt ə hɔlt tɪ ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ɪt wɑz θæŋks tɪ ˈʤərnəlɪst ˈəlrɪʧ ənd ðə ˈlɔjər fər ðə ˈvɪktɪmz, ˈwərnər ˈditrɪk, ðət steɪt ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər ˈhɑrəld reɪnʤ wɑz kəmˈpɛld tɪ riˈoʊpən ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən læst dɪˈsɛmbər. ˈθaʊzənz əv faɪlz ər tɪ bi re-evaluated*, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈnɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr sin məˈtɪriəl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɔl ðə faɪlz ðət kʊd pruv ðə ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt əv ˈʤərmən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənts ɪn ðə ˈtɛrərɪst grups ənd ðə əˈtæk ər tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ˈsikrɪt. ðɪs ɪz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈrɪtən rɪˈspɑns baɪ ðə ˈʤəstɪs ˈmɪnɪstri tɪ grin ˈpɑrti ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri ˈdɛpjətiz, ˈsaɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈzaɪtəŋ. ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈkrɪsʧɪn læŋ (ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɛməˌkræts, spd*) roʊt ɔn ˈeɪprəl 7 ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæd wəns əˈgɛn kəm tɪ ðə kənˈkluʒən ðət ɔn ðə spɪˈsɪfɪks əv ðə sɔrs əv ˈgaɪdəns ənd ðə ˈstætəs əv ˈpipəl ɛz ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənts, ˈivɪn wɪn ɪt kənˈsərnz ɪˈvɛnts frəm ə lɔŋ taɪm əˈgoʊ, ˈkænɑt bi ˈænsərd du tɪ ðə nid tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns service.”*.” ðə ˈʤəstɪs ˈmɪnɪstri, lɛd baɪ ðə ˈheɪkoʊ mɑz, ɪz ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ˈpleɪsɪŋ ðə əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns services”*” ɔn ə ˈlɛvəl əv ˈgreɪtər ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns ðən ðə ənˈkəvərɪŋ əv ə mæs ˈmərdər. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈzaɪtəŋ, ˈlɛtər ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ðə rɪˈkrutmənt ənd ˈmeɪntənəns əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənts ər ˌɛləˈmɛnʧri ˈmɛθədz əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns wərk. ˈspɛʃəl ˈsikrəsi məst ˈðɛrˌfɔr bi meɪnˈteɪnd wɪn ə ˈpərsən wɑz nɑt ən ˈæktɪv ˈeɪʤənt ər ɪf ðə ɪˈvɛnt əˈkərd ə lɔŋ taɪm ago.”*.” raɪt tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən həz ɪts ˈlɪmɪts ðə dɪˈskloʊʒər əv ˈsikrɪt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɛnˈdeɪnʤərz ðə ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl riˈpəblɪk ər ə state”*”, hi sɛd. ðɪs kleɪm kʊd bi juzd tɪ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ˈɛni fɔrm əv dɪkˈteɪtərˌʃɪp. ɪf ðə ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ əv ðə steɪt ɪz mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðən ðə raɪt tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ˈpɑrləmɛnt, wɪʧ ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ kənˈtroʊl ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv brænʧ, ðɛn dɪˈmɑkrəsi ɪz ə ˈhɑloʊ ʃɛl. ðə ˈʤəstɪs ˈmɪnɪstri vjuz ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv ðə steɪt ənd ɪts ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈsərvɪsɪz ɛz mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðən ðə raɪts əv ˈpɑrləmɛnt ənd ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈɪntəˌrɛst. ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˌæpərˈætəs ækts ɛz ə steɪt wɪˈθɪn ə steɪt, rɪˈʤɛktɪŋ ˈɛni kənˈtroʊl ɔn ɪts paʊər. ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈpɑrtiz ɪn ˈpɑrləmɛnt, ðə grinz ənd lɛft ˈpɑrti, hæd rɪkˈwɛstɪd ɔn ˈsɛvərəl ɔˈkeɪʒənz ðət ðə ˈʤərmən ˈgəvərnmənt meɪk ðə ˈsikrɪt faɪlz ˈpəblɪk, wɪˈθaʊt səkˈsɛs. moʊst ˈrisəntli, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt rɪˈʤɛktɪd ə rɪkˈwɛst frəm ðə grin ˈpɑrti ˈfrækʃən fər ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər. ðə grinz sɛnt ə ˈlɛtər əv ˈproʊˌtɛst. naʊ, fɔr mənθs ˈleɪtər wɪθ ˈlɛtər, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt həz rɪˈspɑndɪd. ðə grin ˈpɑrti ˈfrækʃən naʊ ˌɪnˈtɛndz tɪ lɑʤ ən əˈpil tɪ ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl kɔrt ɪn ˈkɑrlzˌru tɪ geɪn ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənts ɪn ðə əˈtæk. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ əˈveɪləbəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ðə meɪn steɪt ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ðə əˈtæk wɑz θru ðə ˈhɔfmən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri spɔrts grup ənd ðə ˈreɪnʤər haɪnz lɛmbk. ðə ˈhɔfmən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri spɔrts grup wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd ɪn 1973 baɪ ˈhɔfmən ənd wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ treɪn ɪn ˈjuzɪŋ ɑrmz ənd ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɛz ˈpɑrtəzənz, ənˈhɪndərd, fər sɪks jɪrz ɪn bəˈvɛriə., ðə əˈtækər, pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ækˈtɪvɪtiz əv ðə ˌpɛrəˈmɪləˌtɛri grup ɪn 1975 ənd 1976 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt. ðɪs wɑz noʊn tɪ ðə steɪt ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənsi ɪn baden-württemberg*. wɪn ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 30 1980 eɪt mənθs praɪər tɪ ðə əˈtæk, ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri spɔrts grup wɑz bænd baɪ ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈmɪnɪstər ˈgərˌhɑrd bɔm (fri ˈdɛməˌkræts, fdp*), ɪt hæd 400 ˈmɛmbərz. ˈhɔfmən ənd hɪz ˈkloʊsəst kəˈlæbərˌeɪtərz flɛd tɪ ˈlɛbənən. ɪz kənˈvɪnst ðət ˈsɛvərəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənts wər ɪn ðə grup. tu əv ðɛm ər noʊn baɪ neɪm: ˈwɔltər ˈəlrɪʧ ˈbɛhəl ənd hɛp. ˈbɛhəl sɛd ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðə əˈtæk, wɑz us.”*.” wən bɔm hæd bɪn pleɪst ɪn ə ˈrəbɪʃ bɪn, əˈnəðər ɪn ə dreɪn paɪp. ðɪs ˈsteɪtmənt, kənˈfərmɪŋ ðət tu bɑmz hæd bɪn ˈplænɪd bət ˈoʊnli ðə wən ɪn ðə bɪn ˈdɛtəˌneɪtəd, ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪd wɪθ ˈəðər ˈwɪtnəs ˈsteɪtmənts. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ kip kwaɪət ɔn haʊ ˈmɛni ˈeɪʤənts wər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈæktɪv ɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri grup. ðə ˈditeɪlz ɔn ðɪs wər ˈsɛnsɪtɪv, ðət ˈivɪn ə smɔl rɪsk əv səʧ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən biɪŋ meɪd ˈpəblɪk ˈkænɑt bi ækˈsɛptɪd ˈəndər ˈɛni circumstances,”*,” ˈsteɪtɪd ə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈlɛtər frəm ˈfɛbruˌɛri tɪ ðə lɛft ˈpɑrti. lɛmbk ɪz səˈspɛktɪd əv ˈhævɪŋ səˈplaɪd ənd hɪz wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsploʊsɪvz fər ðə bɔm. ɪn 1959 lɛmbk flɛd ðə ˈʤərmən ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk riˈpəblɪk (ist ˈʤərməni) ənd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ʤɔɪnd ɪkˈstrimɪst grups səʧ ɛz ðə ˈfɑðərˌlænd juθ lig (bvj*), bɪˈkəmɪŋ ɪts ˈlidər ɪn 1960 ðə wɑz bænd ɪn 1962 lɛmbk meɪnˈteɪnd ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ə waɪd vərˈaɪəti əv ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz. hi ˈmɑnətərd æt list 33 ˈwɛpənz ˈdipoʊz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈwɛpənz, hænd grəˈneɪdz, ɪkˈsploʊsɪvz, məˈʃin gənz, ˈpɪstəlz, mjuˈnɪʃənz ənd ˈivɪn ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈwɛpənz, ɔl əv wɪʧ wər ˈmoʊstli əbˈteɪnd frəm ˈʤərmən ˈɑrmi stɑk. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri spɔrt ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz ənd səˈplaɪd ˈwɛpənz tɪ ˈnɑtsi ˈtɛrərɪst grups. ðɛr ɪz ˈɛvədəns ðət lɛmbk wɑz ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðə ˈhɔfmən grup, ənd wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ɪn 1981 fər ə ˈmætər ˌənrɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə əˈtæk. tu deɪz ˈæftər hi toʊld ðə steɪt ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər ðət hi wʊd prəˈvaɪd ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni, hi wɑz faʊnd həŋ ɪn hɪz sɛl. ðə ˈwɛpənz ənd ˈkɛmɪkəlz faʊnd ɪn hɪz ˈwɛpənz ˈdipoʊz wər ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli dɪˈstrɔɪd baɪ ðə ˈʤərmən ˈɑrmi. ə kəmˈpɛrəsən wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsploʊsɪvz juzd ɪn ðə əˈtæk wɑz ˈnɛvər meɪd. lɛmbk wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ pɔrˈtreɪd ɛz ə loʊn wʊlf, ənd ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wɑz kˈwɪkli ʃət daʊn. ɔl ðət ɪz noʊn əˈbaʊt ðə mˈjunɪk əˈtæk ənd ðə rɪˈspɑns əv ðə əˈθɔrətiz tɪ ɪt fɪts ˈɪntu ðə ˈpætərn əv ðə ˈsikrɪt fɔrs, bɪlt əp baɪ ˈneɪtoʊ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə koʊld wɔr ɪn ˈjʊrəp tɪ ˈkɛri aʊt ˈtɛrərɪst əˈtæks ɪn ðə ɪˈvɛnt əv ə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˌɪnˈveɪʒən. ɪt wɑz ˈnɛvər əˈfɪʃəli ɪkˈspleɪnd tɪ wət ɪkˈstɛnt lɛmbk ər ðə ˈhɔfmən grup wərkt fər ðə ˈneɪtoʊ fɔrs. ðə kˈwɑntəti ənd kˈwɑləti əv ðə rɪˈkəvərd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈwɛpənri ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ɪn ðə ˈsikrɪt fɔrs, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ swɪs hɪˈstɔriən dænˈjɛl ˈgænsər, hu həz riˈsərʧt ðə fɔrs. ɪn ðə ˈdɑkjəmənts rɪˈleɪtɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈtæk, victims’*’ ˈlɔjər ˈditrɪk ənˈkəvərd ðə rɪˈmɑrk ðət ɔn lɛmbk kən ˈoʊnli ˈpɑrʃəli bi ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtəd baɪ ðə courts.”*.” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈlɔjər, səʧ ˈkɑmɛnts ər ˈjuʒəwəli juzd ˈoʊnli ɪn kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənts ənd ˈkɑnˌtræktərz wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈsərvɪsɪz. ɪn ðə rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə greens’*’ rɪkˈwɛst əv noʊˈvɛmbər 21 2014 ðə ˈgəvərnmənt kənˈtɛstəd səʧ ə kənˈkluʒən. ən ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən əv ðə nid tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈsərvɪsɪz ər pəˈlis dɪz nɑt səˈʤɛst ðət ðə ˈpərsən neɪmd ɪn ðə ˈɛvədəns ɪz ən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənt ər ˈsikrɪt sɔrs fər ðə police.”*.” bət ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə kˈwɛʃən əv ˈwɛðər lɛmbk wərkt fər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt rɪfˈjuzd tɪ ˈænsər ɔn ðə graʊnz əv ɛnˈdeɪnʤərɪŋ steɪt sɪˈkjʊrəti. ðə fækt ðət kloʊz taɪz ɪgˈzɪst bɪtˈwin ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənsiz ənd ɪkˈstrimɪst ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts wɑz ˈrisəntli meɪd klɪr ɪn kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ ðə ˈreɪsɪst ˈmərdərz ənd əˈtæks baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈəndərˌgraʊnd (nsu*) ˈtɛrərɪst grup. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, lɪŋks ɪgˈzɪstəd bɪtˈwin ðə ˈhɔfmən grup ənd ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈsərvɪs ɪn thuringia*, frəm wɪʧ ðə ˈimərʤd. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ ˈbɛri ðə tru ˈbækˌgraʊnd tɪ ðə əˈtæk ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈkəvər əp ðə ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt əv ðə steɪt sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈfɔrsɪz wɪθ ˈtɛrərɪst grups. wɪn steɪt ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər reɪnʤ əˈnaʊnst hi wɑz riˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə əˈtæk, ˈʤəstɪs ˈmɪnɪstər mɑz dɪd nɑt ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ɪt wɪθ ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ðə nid tɪ ənˈkəvər ðə fʊl ˈstɔri, bət ˈrəðər ðət ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðə ““oversights”*” sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə əˈfɛr, ɪt wɑz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ rɪˈstɔr ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn ðə ækˈtɪvɪtiz əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənsiz. pliz ɪˈneɪbəl ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt tɪ vju ðə ˈkɑmɛnts paʊərd baɪ disqus*.
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octoberfest bombing: german government blocks information on intelligence agency involvement
by dietmar henning
18 april 2015
almost 35 years after the worst right-wing extremist attack in post-war germany, the government is blocking attempts to uncover what happened by withholding important documents. the government’s stance can lead to only one conclusion: a state within the state exists in germany that resists any sort of democratic control.
in the bomb attack at the octoberfest in munich on october 26, 1980, 12 bystanders were killed along with the bomber, gundolf köhler. two hundred were seriously injured. even at the time, authorities sought to cover up the background to the attacks and the individuals behind it. they quickly concluded that köhler had carried out the attack alone. evidence and witness statements suggested that state authorities and neo-nazi terrorist groups were equally involved. just two years after the attack, on november 23, 1982, the federal state prosecutor brought a halt to the investigation.
it was thanks to journalist ulrich chaussy and the lawyer for the victims, werner dietrich, that state prosecutor harald range was compelled to reopen the investigation last december. thousands of files are to be re-evaluated, including never before seen material. however, all the files that could prove the involvement of german intelligence agents in the right-wing terrorist groups and the attack are to remain secret.
this is according to a written response by the justice ministry to green party parliamentary deputies, cited by the süddeutsche zeitung. parliamentary justice secretary christian lange (social democrats, spd) wrote on april 7 that the government had once again come to the conclusion that “questions on the specifics of the source of guidance and the status of people as intelligence agents, even when it concerns events from a long time ago, cannot be answered due to the need to protect the functionality of the intelligence service.”
the justice ministry, led by the spd’s heiko maas, is thereby placing the “functionality of the intelligence services” on a level of greater importance than the uncovering of a mass murder.
according to the süddeutsche zeitung, lange’s letter noted that the recruitment and maintenance of intelligence agents are elementary methods of intelligence work. “a special secrecy must therefore be maintained when a person was not an active agent or if the event occurred a long time ago.” parliament’s right to information has its limits “if the disclosure of secret information endangers the wellbeing of the federal republic or a state”, he said.
this claim could be used to justify any form of dictatorship. if the wellbeing of the state is more important than the right to information of parliament, which is supposed to control the executive branch, then democracy is a hollow shell. the justice ministry views the interests of the state and its intelligence services as more important than the rights of parliament and the public interest. the intelligence apparatus acts as a state within a state, rejecting any control on its power.
the opposition parties in parliament, the greens and left party, had requested on several occasions that the german government make the secret files public, without success. most recently, the government rejected a request from the green party fraction for the information in november. the greens sent a letter of protest. now, four months later with lange’s letter, the government has responded. the green party fraction now intends to lodge an appeal to the constitutional court in karlsruhe to gain access to information about the involvement of intelligence agents in the octoberfest attack.
according to available information, the main state involvement in the octoberfest attack was through the hoffmann military sports group and the ranger heinz lembke.
the hoffmann military sports group was founded in 1973 by carl-heinz hoffmann and was able to train neo-nazis in using arms and fighting as partisans, unhindered, for six years in bavaria. köhler, the attacker, participated in the activities of the paramilitary group in 1975 and 1976, according to the government. this was known to the state intelligence agency in baden-württemberg.
when on january 30, 1980, eight months prior to the octoberfest attack, the military sports group was banned by interior minister gerhard baum (free democrats, fdp), it had 400 members. hoffmann and his closest collaborators fled to lebanon. chaussy is convinced that several intelligence agents were in the group. two of them are known by name: walter ulrich behle and odfried hepp.
behle said shortly after the attack, “it was us.” one bomb had been placed in a rubbish bin, another in a drain pipe. this statement, confirming that two bombs had been planted but only the one in the bin detonated, corresponded with other witness statements.
the government continues to keep quiet on how many agents were actually active in the military group. the details on this were “so sensitive, that even a small risk of such information being made public cannot be accepted under any circumstances,” stated a government letter from february to the left party.
lembke is suspected of having supplied köhler and his co-conspirators with the explosives for the bomb. in 1959, lembke fled the german democratic republic (east germany) and immediately joined right-wing extremist groups such as the fatherland youth league (bvj), becoming its leader in 1960. the bvj was banned in 1962.
lembke maintained contact with a wide variety of right-wing organisations. he monitored at least 33 weapons depots, including anti-tank weapons, hand grenades, explosives, machine guns, pistols, munitions and even chemical weapons, all of which were mostly obtained from german army stock. he also organised military sport exercises and supplied weapons to nazi terrorist groups.
there is evidence that lembke was in contact with the hoffmann group, and was arrested in 1981 for a matter unrelated to the octoberfest attack. two days after he told the state prosecutor that he would provide comprehensive testimony, he was found hung in his cell.
the weapons and chemicals found in his weapons depots were immediately destroyed by the german army. a comparison with the explosives used in the octoberfest attack was never made. lembke was also portrayed as a lone wolf, and the investigation was quickly shut down.
all that is known about the munich octoberfest attack and the response of the authorities to it fits into the pattern of the secret gladio force, built up by nato during the cold war in europe to carry out terrorist attacks in the event of a soviet invasion.
it was never officially explained to what extent lembke or the hoffmann group worked for the nato gladio force. the quantity and quality of the recovered military weaponry pointed to lembke’s membership in the secret force, according to swiss historian daniele ganser, who has researched the gladio force.
in the documents relating to the octoberfest attack, victims’ lawyer dietrich uncovered the remark that “information on lembke can only partially be evaluated by the courts.” according to the lawyer, such comments are usually used only in connection with intelligence agents and contractors with the intelligence services.
in the response to the greens’ request of november 21, 2014, the government contested such a conclusion. “such an indication of the need to protect information for the intelligence services or police does not suggest that the person named in the evidence is an intelligence agent or secret source for the police.” but in response to the question of whether lembke worked for intelligence, the government refused to answer on the grounds of endangering state security.
the fact that close ties exist between the intelligence agencies and right-wing extremist terrorists was recently made clear in connection with the racist murders and attacks by the far-right national socialist underground (nsu) terrorist group. according to chaussy, links existed between the hoffmann group and the intelligence service in thuringia, from which the nsu emerged.
the government is seeking to bury the true background to the octoberfest attack in order to cover up the involvement of the state security forces with right-wing terrorist groups. when state prosecutor range announced he was reopening the investigation into the octoberfest attack, justice minister maas did not justify it with reference to the need to uncover the full story, but rather that in the wake of the “oversights” surrounding the nsu affair, it was necessary to restore confidence in the activities of the intelligence agencies.
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we’ve* ənˈlɑkt ðə wɔr. rɛd ˈmɑrkɪts naʊ həz ðə mæs ˈkɑmbæt rulz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ ɪkˈspænd ðə geɪm əp tɪ ən ˈɛpɪk skoʊp. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ hæd ɪts θərd ˌsəpləˈmɛnt tɪ goʊ əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə θri əˈdɪʃənəl ˈʧæptərz ɔˈrɛdi ˈædɪd baɪ ðɪs fænˈtæstɪk kəmˈjunɪti. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ gɑt səm swit ɑrt fər ðə ˌɪnvənˈtɔri ˈsɛkʃən ɪn təˈdeɪ, soʊ ɪkˈskjuz mi ɪf aɪ ˈpɛpər ðɪs ˈəpˌdeɪt wɪθ ˈpɪkʧərz əv ˈnɪfti stəf. lʊk kjut ɛz ju riˈmoʊtli skaʊt ðə hɔrdz! nɛkst? ðə ˈkɛriən ɪˈkɑnəmi brɪŋz ðə rɛd ˈmɑrkɪts ˈsɛtɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl. lərn wɪʧ ˈneɪʃənz sərˈvaɪvd, haʊ ðeɪ dɪd ɪt, ənd wɛr tɪ sɛt ðə ˈɛnˌkleɪvz ənd ˈteɪkər grups əv jʊr ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kæmˈpeɪn. ðɪs wɪl bi ðə fɔrθ ɪkˈspænʧən tɪ ðə geɪm, ənd ɪt brɪŋz ðə ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri məˈtɪriəl ənˈlɑkt baɪ ðə tɪ ˈoʊvər wərdz! nu strɛʧ goʊl rɪˈvild: rən ˌɔˈlraɪt. taɪm tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ðə ˌriˈæləˌtiz əv ˈprɪnɪŋ ən rpg*. ɪf ju doʊnt trəst mi tɪ du ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt ˈʤəstɪs, hɪrz ðə ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn frəm ˈpəblɪʃərz ˈwikli. ˈɔfˌsɛt ˈprɪnɪŋ minz ˈjuzɪŋ ə kəˈmərʃəl ˈprɪnər tɪ kriˈeɪt ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv bʊks æt wən taɪm. ɪt rikˈwaɪərz ə lɔt əv tɛkˈnɪʃənz tɪ meɪk ðə ˈkəstəˌmaɪzd ˈlɪθəˌgræf pleɪts, əˈsɛmbəl ðə ˈpeɪʤɪz, ənd pæk ðə bʊks fər ˈʃɪpɪŋ. ɪn ʃɔrt, ɪt kɔsts ə lɔt əv ˈməni. bət wəns ðoʊz bɪg ˈprɛsɪz gɪt ˈroʊlɪŋ, ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs bɪˈkəmz ˈiziər tɪ pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪt. ˈɔfˌsɛt ˈprɪnɪŋ gɪts ˈʧipər ðə mɔr bʊks ɪt prɪnts æt wəns. ˈjuzɪŋ ˈivɪn ˈrɛlətɪvli smɔl rənz, ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ˈdiˌkris ðə tɪ lɛs ðən 50 əv wət ɪt wʊd bi ɪf ju peɪd tɪ prɪnt ˈoʊnli wən bʊk. ðə (pɑd) ˈmɑdəl wi ər ˈkərəntli ˈjuzɪŋ prɪnts dɪˈrɛkli frəm ə ˈdɪʤɪtəl faɪl ˈɛvəri taɪm ən ˈɔrdər kəmz ɪn. ðə ɪˈkɑnəmiz əv skeɪl ˈnɛvər məˈtɪriəˌlaɪz, ənd ðə bʊk kɔsts ðə seɪm əˈmaʊnt ˈɛvəri taɪm. bət pɑd wərks fər ˈpəblɪʃərz ðət əˈfɔrd tɪ prɪnt ə tən əv bʊks æt wəns. ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl, ə bʊk ðət kɔst 15 tɪ pɑd maɪt kɔst 6 ɪn ən ˈɔfˌsɛt ju kən əˈfɔrd ðə rikˈwaɪərd tɪ prɪnt ə ˈkəpəl ˈθaʊzənd æt wəns. ɛz əv ðɪs ˈmoʊmənt, wi ˈkərəntli hæv 304 ˈhɑrdˌkəvər bʊk ˈplɛʤɪz. wi hæv 203 ˈplɛʤɪz. 508 bʊks ˈtoʊtəl. ɪf ðeɪ wər ðə seɪm ɪˈdɪʃən (rɛd: seɪm ˈkəvər taɪp), əˈfɪʃəli bi ˌɪnˈseɪn nɑt tɪ swɪʧ ˈoʊvər tɪ rən raɪt naʊ. bət kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə sˈmɔləst kəˈmərʃəl prɪnt rənz kəm ɪn grups əv ə ˈθaʊzənd, ðət wʊd min 1000 ˈhɑrdˌkəvər ənd 1000 softcovers*. aɪ əˈfɔrd ðət məʧ ˈprɪnɪŋ, ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ sɛl ðət məʧ ˈprɑdəkt, ər haʊs ðət ˈmɛni bʊks. noʊ weɪ tɪ hæv ɪt boʊθ weɪz wɪˈθaʊt ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪŋ pɑd, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ wi dɪˈzaɪnd ðə ðət weɪ. bət ɪf wi gɪt ˈrəfli 100 mɔr ˈhɑrdˌbæk ˈbækərz, ˈɔfˌsɛt stɑrts tɪ meɪk sɛns əˈgɛn fər ˈhɑrdˌkəvər ɔl baɪ ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ənd ˈsərtənli ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈpɑsəbəl. ˈhɑrdˌkəvər ɪz ɑr moʊst ˈfɪzɪkəl rɪˈwɔrd; ɪt həz ˈnɪrli ɛz ˈmɛni ˈbækərz ɛz ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl tirz ənd ɪz 34 mɔr ˈpɑpjələr ðən. ðə mæθ lʊks gʊd, ənd bi ə ful tɪ ˈəndərˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðə paʊər əv ðɪs kəmˈjunɪti tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv rɛd ˈmɑrkɪts ˈæftər ðə wik hæd. soʊ ðə ˈkəvər ðə kɔst əv ˈprɪnɪŋ ðə ˈhɑrdˌkəvərz ɪnˈtaɪərli bɪˈkəz ɪt əˈlaʊz mi tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ənd groʊ ðə ˈbɪznɪs. ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ, ˈɛvriˌbɑdi æt 50 ənd əˈbəv gɪts ðə seɪm rɪˈwɔrdz, bət æt ə məʧ ˈbɛtər praɪs ˈæftər ðə kæmˈpeɪn ɛndz.
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we’ve unlocked the war pdf. red markets now has the mass combat rules necessary to expand the game up to an epic scope. it also had its third pdf supplement to go along with the three additional chapters already added by this fantastic community.
i also got some sweet art for the inventory section in today, so excuse me if i pepper this update with pictures of nifty stuff.
look cute as you remotely scout the hordes!
what’s next?
the carrion economy pdf brings the red markets setting global. learn which nations survived, how they did it, and where to set the enclaves and taker groups of your international campaign. this will be the fourth pdf expansion to the game, and it brings the supplementary material unlocked by the ks to over 40,000 words!
new stretch goal revealed: 48k off-set run
alright. it’s time to talk about the realities of printing an rpg. if you don't trust me to do the subject justice, here's the breakdown from publisher's weekly.
offset printing means using a commercial printer to create a large number of books at one time. it requires a lot of technicians to make the customized lithograph plates, assemble the pages, and pack the books for shipping. in short, it costs a lot of money. but once those big presses get rolling, the process becomes easier to perpetuate. offset printing gets cheaper the more books it prints at once. using even relatively small runs, it’s possible to decrease the price-per-unit to less than 50% of what it would be if you paid to print only one book.
the print-on-demand (pod) model we are currently using prints directly from a digital file every time an order comes in. the economies of scale never materialize, and the book costs the same amount every time. but pod works for small-scale publishers that can’t afford to print a ton of books at once.
as an example, a book that cost $15 to pod might cost $6 in an offset run…provided you can afford the $15,000+ required to print a couple thousand at once.
as of this moment, we currently have 304 hardcover book pledges. we have 203 softcover pledges. that’s 508 books total. if they were the same edition (read: same cover type), i’d officially be insane not to switch over to off-set run right now. but considering the smallest commercial print runs come in groups of a thousand, that would mean 1000 hardcover and 1000 softcovers. i can’t afford that much printing, expect to sell that much product, or house that many books. there’s no way to have it both ways without utilizing pod, which is why we designed the kickstarter that way.
but if we get roughly 100 more hardback backers, offset starts to make sense again for hardcover all by itself. and it’s certainly looking possible. hardcover is our most in-demand physical reward; it has nearly as many backers as the digital tiers and is 34% more popular than softcover. the math looks good, and i’d be a fool to underestimate the power of this community to improve red markets after the week we’ve had.
so here’s the deal:i’ll cover the cost of printing the hardcovers entirely because it allows me to secure distribution and grow the business. in exchange, everybody at $50 and above gets the same rewards, but at a much better price after the campaign ends.
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ˈrəʃɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈtritmənt kʊd bi ˈkɔstɪŋ mɛn wɪθ ˈprɑˌsteɪt ˈkænsər ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈdɔlərz, wɪθ ə ˈsərˌveɪ ˈfaɪndɪŋ səm wər hɪt wɪθ əp tɪ 6000 ɪn səˈpraɪz kɔsts. wɪn mɛn ər ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst wɪθ ðə pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈdɛdli dɪˈziz, ðeɪ ˈɔfən θɪŋk ˈlɪtəl əv ðə kɔst əv ˈtritmənt, prɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ hɛlθ. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈgrɪfɪθ ˌjunəˈvərsəti hɛlθ ˈɪnstɪtuts ˈdɑktər luˈizə ˈgɔrdən, mɛn ər nɪˈglɛktɪŋ tɪ ˈprɑpərli ɪkˈsplɔr wət ˈifɛkt ˈtritmənt wɪl hæv ɔn ðɛr hɪp ˈpɑkəts. ˈdɑktər ˈgɔrdən hɛlpt ˈsərˌveɪ mɔr ðən 900 mɛn əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ˈkænsər ˈkaʊnsəl kˈwinzˌlænd ənd ðə ˈprɑˌsteɪt ˈkænsər faʊnˈdeɪʃən əv ɔˈstreɪljə. ʃi sɛd ˈmɛni fɛlt "ˈæŋgri ənd ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd" wɪn ðeɪ wər ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈstɑrtlɪŋ bɪl dɪˈspaɪt bɪˈlivɪŋ ðeɪ wər ˈkəvərd baɪ ˈpraɪvət hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns. "wɪn mɛn ər toʊld ðeɪ hæv ə ˈkænsər ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsəs, ðɛr nɑt ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ðə ˈməni æt ðət pɔɪnt ðɛr ʤɪst ˌəndərˈgoʊɪŋ ðə ʃɑk," ˈdɑktər ˈgɔrdən toʊld apn*. "ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈrɪli ˈbɑðərd baɪ kɔst ər ˈməni æt ðɪs moʊst mɛn hæv ˈərli steɪʤ ˈkænsər soʊ ðeɪ du hæv taɪm tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ðɛr ˈɔpʃənz ənd du ðɛr ˈhoʊmˌwərk tɪ faɪnd aʊt wət ðeɪ wɪl bi ʧɑrʤd." wɪθ mɛn ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst wɪθ ˈprɑˌsteɪt ˈkænsər iʧ jɪr, ˈdɑktər ˈgɔrdən sɛd ðiz wər nɑt ənˈkɑmən kˈwɛsʧənz tɪ æsk. ðə ˈɛkstrə kɔst, ʃi sɛd, kʊd pʊt ˈprɛʃər ɔn nɑt ʤɪst ðə ˈpeɪʃənts ˈwɔlət bət ˈɔlsoʊ ðɛr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ɪf ðeɪ ər bɪɔnd ˈwərkɪŋ ˈgɔrdən sɛd ðə ki wɑz tɪ hæv ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɪθ ˈdɑktərz. "ðeɪ kən faɪnd aʊt wət ðeɪ ər nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt bæk frəm ˈmɛdəˌkɛr ər ˈpraɪvət hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns soʊ ɪts nɑt soʊ ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ," ʃi sɛd.
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rushing into treatment could be costing men with prostate cancer thousands of dollars, with a survey finding some were hit with up to $6000 in surprise costs.
when men are diagnosed with the potentially deadly disease, they often think little of the cost of treatment, preferring to focus on returning to health.
according to griffith university health institute's dr louisa gordon, men are neglecting to properly explore what effect treatment will have on their hip pockets.
dr gordon helped survey more than 900 men alongside cancer council queensland and the prostate cancer foundation of australia.
she said many felt "angry and frustrated" when they were given the startling bill despite believing they were covered by private health insurance.
"when men are told they have a cancer diagnosis, they're not worried about the money at that point - they're just undergoing the shock," dr gordon told apn.
"they are not really bothered by cost or money at this point."but most men have early stage cancer so they do have time to explore their options and do their homework to find out what they will be charged."
with 20,000 men in australia diagnosed with prostate cancer each year, dr gordon said these were not uncommon questions to ask.
the extra cost, she said, could put pressure on not just the patient's wallet but also their relationships if they are beyond working age.dr gordon said the key was to have the conversation with doctors.
"they can find out what they are not going to get back from medicare or private health insurance so it's not so devastating," she said.
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ɪn ðɪs ɪˈlɛkʃən əv dɪskənˈtɛnt, ɪt simz moʊst ˈsɪtɪzənz ər dɪsˈhɑrtənd. aɪ ʤɔɪn ɪn ðət ˈfilɪŋ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ wɪl kæst maɪ voʊt fər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈpraʊdli ðɪs noʊˈvɛmbər. aɪ wɪl bi praʊd bɪˈkəz ˈvoʊtɪŋ fər ˈfɔrmər ˈgəvərnərz ˈgɛri ˈʤɑnsən ənd bɪl wɛld. boʊθ ər ˈgəvərnərz frəm ˈdipli blu steɪts, tu mɛn hu noʊ θru ɪkˈspɪriəns ðət ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz ə wərd, ənd ðət ˈfrɛndʃɪp təˈwɔrd ɔl ənd ˈmælɪs təˈwɔrd nən ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ ˈfɔrwərd. ðeɪ ər tu mɛn hu rɪˈspɛkt ju, ðə ˈməni ərnd, ðə rul əv lɔ, ə raɪt tɪ ʧuz, ənd ə raɪt tɪ ˈwərʃɪp (ər nɑt) ɛz ðeɪ si fɪt. ðeɪ hæv noʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈtɛlɪŋ ju haʊ tɪ spɛnd jʊr ˈməni ənd ˈivɪn lɛs ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn wət ju du ɪn jʊr oʊn hoʊm. ɛz wɛld sɛd ɪn 1992 wɔnt ðə ˈgəvərnmənt aʊt əv jʊr ˈpɑkətˌbʊk ənd aʊt əv jʊr bedroom.”*.” ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ɛz ə ˈlaɪˈflɔŋ rɪˈpəblɪkən, aɪ æm ˈsædənd ðət aɪ ˈkænɑt voʊt fər maɪ ˌnɑməˈni, bət ɪt ɪz ˈivɪn ˈsædər ðət maɪ ˈpɑrti həz ˈnɑməˌneɪtəd ˈsəmˌwən soʊ ˈətərli ənkˈwɑlɪˌfaɪd tɪ sərv. ˈgugəl ˈgɛri ˈʤɑnsən, ənd lərn əˈbaʊt ðə mæn. du jʊr ˈhoʊmˌwərk ˌbiˈfɔr ju wɔk ˈɪntu ðə ˈvoʊtɪŋ buθ. wɪθ ˈɛvəri raɪt kəmz riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti. gɪt təˈdeɪ ɪn əˈpɪnjən ɪn jʊr inbox*: gloʊb must-reads*, dɪˈlɪvərd tɪ ju ˈɛvəri sunday-friday*. saɪn əp θæŋk ju fər ˈsaɪnɪŋ əp! saɪn əp fər mɔr ˈnuzˌlɛtərz hir ənd rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ðə ˈlɛsər əv tu ˈivəlz stɪl livz ju wɪθ ˈivəl. aɪ wɪl voʊt fər ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər ənd, noʊ ˈmætər ðə rɪˈzəlt, wɪl slip laɪk ə ˈbeɪbi. ˈɛrɪk
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in this election of discontent, it seems most citizens are disheartened. i join in that feeling. however, i will cast my vote for president proudly this november. i will be proud because i’m voting for former governors gary johnson and bill weld.
both are two-term gop governors from deeply blue states, two men who know through experience that compromise isn’t a four-letter word, and that friendship toward all and malice toward none is the only way forward.
they are two men who respect you, the money you’ve earned, the rule of law, a woman’s right to choose, and a person’s right to worship (or not) as they see fit. they have no interest in telling you how to spend your hard-earned money and even less interest in what you do in your own home. as weld said in 1992, “i want the government out of your pocketbook and out of your bedroom.”
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as a lifelong republican, i am saddened that i cannot vote for my party’s nominee, but it is even sadder that my party has nominated someone so utterly unqualified to serve. google gary johnson, and learn about the man. do your homework before you walk into the voting booth. with every right comes responsibility.
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and remember that the lesser of two evils still leaves you with evil. i will vote for johnson-weld in november and, no matter the result, will sleep like a baby.
eric romaniak
wilbraham
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ɛs nuz iˈmeɪl ˈɛnər jʊr iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs pliz ˈɛnər ən iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs ɪz ˌɪnˈvæləd fɪl aʊt ðɪs fild iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs ɪz ˌɪnˈvæləd ju ɔˈrɛdi hæv ən əˈkaʊnt. pliz lɔg ɪn ər ˈrɛʤɪstər wɪθ jʊr ˈsoʊʃəl əˈkaʊnt ə mæskt ˈgənmən həz bɪn ʃɑt dɛd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə siʤ æt ə ˈsɪnəmə ɪn wɛst ˈʤərməni. ðə ɑrmd mæn ɪz sɛd tɪ hæv ˈbɛrəˌkeɪdɪd hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn ðə ˈsɪnəmə ɪn nɪr ˈfræŋkfərt ðɪs ˌæftərˈnun. ˈʤərmən ˈmidiə ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə mæskt mæn wɑz sin ˈkɛriɪŋ ə gən ənd ˈwɛrɪŋ ən ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən bɛlt. hi ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ hæv faɪərd hɪz gən ˈɪntu ðə ɛr fɔr taɪmz ɛz hi ˈɛnərd ðə ˈsɪnəmə. pəˈlis sɛd ðət ˈnoʊwən ˌɪnˈsaɪd wɑz ˈɪnʤərd baɪ ðə ɑrmd mæn. ˈhɛvəli ɑrmd pəˈlis, ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈhɛlməts ənd ˈbɑdi ˈɑrmər, wər sin ˈstɔrmɪŋ ðə ˈkɑmplɛks ɛz ə ˈkəpəl flɛd ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ. ˈʤərməniz ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈmɪnɪstri kənˈfərmd ðət ðə ˈgənmən həz bɪn ʃɑt dɛd. ðə ˈgənmən hæd ə ˈraɪfəl ər "lɔŋ gən" ənd ˈspɛʃəl ˈfɔrsɪz ˌɪntərˈvind ənd ʃɑt ɪm, ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈmɪnɪstər ˈpitər toʊld ðə hɛs steɪt ˈpɑrləmɛnt. hi sɛd ðət ðə ˈgənmən əˈpɪrd tɪ bi "ə dɪˈstərbd mæn". əp tɪ 50 ˈpipəl wər sɛd tɪ hæv bɪn ˈɪnʤərd baɪ tɪr gæs, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈloʊkəl ˈmidiə. ðə ˈɛriə əraʊnd ðə ˈsɪnəmə wɑz ˈkɔrdənd ɔf ɛz ɪˈlit ˈʤərmən pəˈlis əˈtɛndəd. ˈʃutɪŋ 6 ʃoʊ ɔl ˈʃutɪŋ pəˈlis ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə ˈmuvi ˈθiətər ˈkɑmplɛks wɛr ən ɑrmd mæn həz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈoʊpənd faɪər ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈɪmɪʤɪz ə ˈpərsən ɪˈskeɪps frəm ə ˈmuvi ˈθiətər ˈkɑmplɛks, wɛr ən ɑrmd mæn rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈoʊpənd faɪər ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈɪmɪʤɪz pəˈlis ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə ˈmuvi ˈθiətər ˈkɑmplɛks wɛr ən ɑrmd mæn həz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈoʊpənd faɪər ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈɪmɪʤɪz pəˈlis ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə ˈmuvi ˈθiətər ˈkɑmplɛks wɛr ən ɑrmd mæn həz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈoʊpənd faɪər ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈɪmɪʤɪz pəˈlis ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə ˈmuvi ˈθiətər ˈkɑmplɛks wɛr ən ɑrmd mæn həz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈoʊpənd faɪər ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈɪmɪʤɪz pəˈlis ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə ˈmuvi ˈθiətər ˈkɑmplɛks wɛr ən ɑrmd mæn həz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈoʊpənd faɪər ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈɪmɪʤɪz pəˈlis ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə ˈmuvi ˈθiətər ˈkɑmplɛks wɛr ən ɑrmd mæn həz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈoʊpənd faɪər ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈɪmɪʤɪz ə ˈpərsən ɪˈskeɪps frəm ə ˈmuvi ˈθiətər ˈkɑmplɛks, wɛr ən ɑrmd mæn rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈoʊpənd faɪər ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈɪmɪʤɪz pəˈlis ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə ˈmuvi ˈθiətər ˈkɑmplɛks wɛr ən ɑrmd mæn həz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈoʊpənd faɪər ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈɪmɪʤɪz pəˈlis ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə ˈmuvi ˈθiətər ˈkɑmplɛks wɛr ən ɑrmd mæn həz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈoʊpənd faɪər ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈɪmɪʤɪz pəˈlis ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə ˈmuvi ˈθiətər ˈkɑmplɛks wɛr ən ɑrmd mæn həz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈoʊpənd faɪər ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈɪmɪʤɪz pəˈlis ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə ˈmuvi ˈθiətər ˈkɑmplɛks wɛr ən ɑrmd mæn həz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈoʊpənd faɪər ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈɪmɪʤɪz ə pəˈlis ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən æt ðə sin, krɪstiˈɑn kompus*, toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz ðət ʃi hæd noʊ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðə əˈseɪlənts aɪˈdɛntəˌti ənd ˈmoʊtɪvz. ʃi sɛd ðə mæn hæd bɪn ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl ˈhɑstəʤəz bət ˈdɪdənt hæv ə prɪˈsaɪs ˈnəmbər.
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a masked gunman has been shot dead during a siege at a cinema in west germany.
the armed man is said to have barricaded himself in the kinopolois cinema in viernheim near frankfurt this afternoon.
german media reported that the masked man was seen carrying a gun and wearing an ammunition belt.
he is believed to have fired his gun into the air four times as he entered the cinema.
police said that no-one inside was injured by the armed man.
heavily armed police, wearing helmets and body armour, were seen storming the kinopolis complex as a couple fled the building.
germany's interior ministry confirmed that the gunman has been shot dead.
the gunman had a rifle or "long gun" and special forces intervened and shot him, interior minister peter beuth told the hesse state parliament.
he said that the gunman appeared to be "a disturbed man".
up to 50 people were said to have been injured by tear gas, according to local media.
the area around the cinema was cordoned off as elite german police attended.
viernheim shooting 6 show all viernheim shooting 1/6 heavily-armed police outside a movie theatre complex where an armed man has reportedly opened fire alexander scheuber/getty images 2/6 a person escapes from a movie theatre complex kinopolis, where an armed man reportedly opened fire alexander scheuber/getty images 3/6 heavily-armed police outside a movie theatre complex where an armed man has reportedly opened fire alexander scheuber/getty images 4/6 heavily-armed police outside a movie theatre complex where an armed man has reportedly opened fire alexander scheuber/getty images 5/6 heavily-armed police outside a movie theatre complex where an armed man has reportedly opened fire alexander scheuber/getty images 6/6 heavily-armed police outside a movie theatre complex where an armed man has reportedly opened fire alexander scheuber/getty images 1/6 heavily-armed police outside a movie theatre complex where an armed man has reportedly opened fire alexander scheuber/getty images 2/6 a person escapes from a movie theatre complex kinopolis, where an armed man reportedly opened fire alexander scheuber/getty images 3/6 heavily-armed police outside a movie theatre complex where an armed man has reportedly opened fire alexander scheuber/getty images 4/6 heavily-armed police outside a movie theatre complex where an armed man has reportedly opened fire alexander scheuber/getty images 5/6 heavily-armed police outside a movie theatre complex where an armed man has reportedly opened fire alexander scheuber/getty images 6/6 heavily-armed police outside a movie theatre complex where an armed man has reportedly opened fire alexander scheuber/getty images
a police spokeswoman at the scene, christiane kompus, told reporters that she had no information on the assailant's identity and motives.
she said the man had been holding several hostages but didn't have a precise number.
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ˈrisərʧ 2000 fər ˈdeɪli kɑs. ɔl ˈædəlts. moʊ 2 (noʊ trɛnd laɪnz) du ju ˈfeɪvər ər əˈpoʊz kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈɔpʃən ðət ˈɛniˌwən kən ˈpərʧəs tɪ kəmˈpit wɪθ ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns plænz? ˈfeɪvər əˈpoʊz nɑt ʃʊr ɔl 58 34 8 81 12 7 rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv 26 69 5 57 33 10 ˌnɔrˈθist 69 22 9 saʊθ 47 46 7 ˌmɪdˈwɛst 61 31 8 wɛst 59 33 8 ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈɔpʃən rɪˈmeɪnz ˈpɑpjələr, baɪ ə ˈnɪrli ˈmɑrʤən. simz laɪk ˈpipəl laɪk ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ɪn ðə ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈmɑrkɪt, ðət wʊd hɛlp loʊər ˈprimiəmz ənd kip ˈkərəntli ˌənəˈkaʊntəbəl ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈɑnəst. wəts mɔr, ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈɔpʃən ɪz ˈfeɪvərd baɪ ˈoʊvər ə kˈwɔrtər əv rɪˈpəblɪkənz, wɪʧ ɪz mɔr "baɪˈpɑrtəzənˌʃɪp" ðən jul ˈɛvər si ɪn ˌdiˈsi. ənd ɪf ju lʊk æt ðə ˈriʤənəl crosstabs*, səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈɔpʃən wʊd bi ˈivɪn haɪər ɪf ɪt ˈwəzənt fər ðə saʊθ, wər ənd ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈsɪnˌdroʊm ɪz æt ɪts haɪəst. ɪf ə ˈkænədɪt fər ˈɔfəs əˈpoʊzd ə ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈɔpʃən wʊd ðət meɪk ju mɔr ər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ voʊt fər ðət ˈkænədɪt ər wʊd ɪt hæv noʊ ril ˈifɛkt ɔn jʊr voʊt? mɔr lɛs noʊ ˈifɛkt ɔl 23 36 41 8 58 34 rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv 58 12 30 17 32 51 ˌnɔrˈθist 12 46 42 saʊθ 36 25 39 ˌmɪdˈwɛst 19 40 41 wɛst 21 37 42 əˈpoʊzɪŋ ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈɔpʃən ɪz ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈpɔɪzən ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈriʤən əv ðə ˈkəntri ɪkˈsɛpt ðə saʊθ, waɪl boʊθ ˈdɛməˌkræts ənd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənts ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈpənɪʃ əˈpoʊnənts əv ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈɔpʃən æt ðə ˈbælət bɑks. ˈdɛməˌkræts hæv ə ˈnæʃənəl ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈmænˌdeɪt, ðeɪ hæv ˈpəblɪk əˈpɪnjən ɔn ðɛr saɪd, ðeɪ hæv ˈdɑmənənt məˈʤɔrɪtiz ɪn boʊθ ˈʧeɪmbərz əv ˈkɑŋgrəs, ənd ðeɪ hæv ðə waɪt haʊs. noʊ ˈwəndər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənts ənd ˈdɛməˌkræts ər əˈbændənɪŋ ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti: ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˌfævərəˈbɪlɪti: ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti (frəm tɪ ˈoʊvərˌɔl: 10 (frəm 49 tɪ 39 ˈdɛməˌkræts: 17 (frəm 84 tɪ 67 ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənts: 12 (frəm 48 tɪ 36 rɪˈpəblɪkənz: noʊ ʧeɪnʤ (frəm 4 tɪ 4 ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˌfævərəˈbɪlɪti: rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti (frəm tɪ ˈoʊvərˌɔl: 3 (frəm 20 tɪ 23 rɪˈpəblɪkənz: 12 (frəm 61 tɪ 73 ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənts: noʊ ʧeɪnʤ (frəm 11 tɪ 11 ˈdɛməˌkræts: 2 (frəm 4 tɪ 6 ˈdɛməˌkræts ənd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənts ˈvoʊtɪd ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk tɪ gɪt stəf dən. ˈdɛməˌkræts ər ʃoʊɪŋ ðət noʊ ˈmætər haʊ bɪg ðɛr ˈmɑrʤənz, noʊ ˈmætər haʊ ˈpɑpjələr ðə ˈpɑləsi, ðeɪ ər stɪl tu ˌɪnˈkɑmpətənt tɪ gɪt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ dən.
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research 2000 for daily kos. 8/31-9/3. all adults. moe 2% (no trend lines)
do you favor or oppose creating a government-administered health insurance option that anyone can purchase to compete with private insurance plans? favor oppose not sure
all 58 34 8 dem 81 12 7
rep 26 69 5
ind 57 33 10 northeast 69 22 9
south 47 46 7
midwest 61 31 8
west 59 33 8
the public option remains popular, by a nearly 3-2 margin. seems like people like the idea of competition in the insurance market, that would help lower premiums and keep currently unaccountable insurance companies honest.
what's more, the public option is favored by over a quarter of self-identified republicans, which is more "bipartisanship" than you'll ever see in dc. and if you look at the regional crosstabs, support for the public option would be even higher if it wasn't for the south, were birtherism and obama derangement syndrome is at its highest.
if a candidate for office opposed a public health insurance option would that make you more or less likely to vote for that candidate or would it have no real effect on your vote? more less no effect
all 23 36 41 dem 8 58 34
rep 58 12 30
ind 17 32 51 northeast 12 46 42
south 36 25 39
midwest 19 40 41
west 21 37 42
opposing the public option is electoral poison in every region of the country except the south, while both democrats and independents are willing to punish opponents of the public option at the ballot box.
democrats have a national electoral mandate, they have public opinion on their side, they have dominant majorities in both chambers of congress, and they have the white house.
no wonder independents and democrats are abandoning the democratic party:
change in favorability: democratic party (from 6/4 to 9/3) overall: - 10 (from 49 to 39)
democrats: - 17 (from 84 to 67)
independents: - 12 (from 48 to 36)
republicans: no change (from 4 to 4) change in favorability: republican party (from 6/4 to 9/3) overall: +3 (from 20 to 23)
republicans: +12 (from 61 to 73)
independents: no change (from 11 to 11)
democrats: +2 (from 4 to 6)
democrats and independents voted democratic to get stuff done. democrats are showing that no matter how big their margins, no matter how popular the policy, they are still too incompetent to get anything done.
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ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ənd .nɛt hæv bɪn tu əv ðə ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft dɪˈvɛləpər ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm fər ˈoʊvər ə ˈdɛkeɪd. wɪθ ˈoʊvər ˈbɪljən ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃənz əv .nɛt ənd ˈoʊvər 7 ˈmɪljən ˈdaʊnˌloʊdz əv ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2013 ɪn ʤɪst ðə læst jɪr, ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ənd .nɛt ər ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ˈmɪljənz əv dɪˈvɛləpərz tɪ bɪld səm əv moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈsɔfˌwɛr ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz paʊərɪŋ ˈbɪznɪsɪz, æps ənd saɪts. təˈdeɪ, wi ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə nɛkst bɪg stɛp fər ðə ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft dɪˈvɛləpər ˈplætˌfɔrm, ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp ˈækˌsɛs tɪ .nɛt ənd ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ tɪ ən ˈivɪn ˈbrɔdər sɛt əv dɪˈvɛləpərz baɪ bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ðə fʊl .nɛt ˈsərvər kɔr stæk ənd ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ ə nu fri ənd ɪˈdɪʃən əv ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, wi ər riˈlisɪŋ ˈprivˌjuz əv ðə nɛkst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ, .nɛt ənd ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn. tɪ ˈsəmərˌaɪz səm əv ðə ki nuz wi ər əˈnaʊnsɪŋ təˈdeɪ: ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkəmɪŋ mənθs, wi wɪl bi ˈoʊpən ˈsɔrsɪŋ ðə fʊl .nɛt kɔr stæk frəm 5 daʊn tɪ ðə kɔr ənd ˈfreɪmˌwərk, ənd ðə ˈoʊpən sɔrs nɛt wɪl bi ɪkˈspændɪd tɪ rən ɔn ˈlɪnəks ənd mæk ɑs ɛks ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈwɪndoʊz. frəm 5 daʊn tɪ ðə kɔr ənd ˈfreɪmˌwərk, ənd ðə ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈwɪndoʊz. ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ kəmˈjunɪti 2013 ɪz ə nu, fri ənd ˈfʊli ˈfiʧərd ɪˈdɪʃən əv ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ əˈveɪləbəl təˈdeɪ, wɪθ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə fʊl ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ənd səˈpɔrt fər ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈɛni ˈplætˌfɔrm, frəm dɪˈvaɪsɪz ənd ˈdɛskˌtɑp tɪ wɛb ənd klaʊd ˈsərvɪsɪz. əˈveɪləbəl təˈdeɪ, wɪθ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə fʊl ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ənd səˈpɔrt fər ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈɛni ˈplætˌfɔrm, frəm dɪˈvaɪsɪz ənd ˈdɛskˌtɑp tɪ wɛb ənd klaʊd ˈsərvɪsɪz. ə ˈprivˌju əv ðə nɛkst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ɑr tulz ɪz əˈveɪləbəl təˈdeɪ wɪθ ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 ˈprivˌju ənd .nɛt 2015 ˈprivˌju təˈgɛðər, ðiz brɪŋ ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt tulz, dip səˈpɔrt fər klaʊd dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ənd greɪt ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti ˌɪmˈpruvmənts əˈkrɔs ðə brɛdθ əv ðə dɪˈvɛləpər ɪkˈspɪriəns. ənd təˈgɛðər, ðiz brɪŋ ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt tulz, dip səˈpɔrt fər klaʊd dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ənd greɪt ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti ˌɪmˈpruvmənts əˈkrɔs ðə brɛdθ əv ðə dɪˈvɛləpər ɪkˈspɪriəns. ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2013 ˈəpˌdeɪt 4 ɪz əˈveɪləbəl naʊ fər ˈɛvəri ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2013 ˈjuzər, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈdəzənz əv ˌɪmˈpruvmənts əˈkrɔs ðə ˈprɑdəkt pləs ˈsɛvərəl greɪt nu ˈfiʧərz. ɪz əˈveɪləbəl naʊ fər ˈɛvəri ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2013 ˈjuzər, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈdəzənz əv ˌɪmˈpruvmənts əˈkrɔs ðə ˈprɑdəkt pləs ˈsɛvərəl greɪt nu ˈfiʧərz. ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ɪz ɪkˈspændɪŋ ɪts pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ wɪθ ðə nu ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn riˈlis ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈsərvɪs ənd ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ klaʊd dɪˈplɔɪmənt ˈprɑʤɛkts. fər ˈkəvərɪʤ əv ðiz əˈnaʊnsmɛnts ənd mɔr, tun ɪn tɪ ðə kəˈnɛkt(); ɪˈvɛnt ˈkəvərɪʤ ɔn ˈʧænəl 9 ˈiðər lɪv ər. wɪθ ðiz rɪˈlisɪz, wi ər ˈbrɔdli ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ɑr ˈɪndəstri ˈlidɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrm ənd tulz tɪ ˈɛvəri dɪˈvɛləpər ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈɛni ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ɪn mobile-first*, wərld. noʊ ˈmætər ɪf ju ər ə ˈstɑrˌtəp, ə ˈstudənt, ə ˈhɑbiɪst, ən ˈoʊpən sɔrs dɪˈvɛləpər ər ə kəˈmərʃəl dɪˈvɛləpər, ənd noʊ ˈmætər ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm ju ər ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ər ðə æp ju ər kriˈeɪtɪŋ, ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ, ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn, .nɛt ənd ˈæʒər wɪl hɛlp ju bi səkˈsɛsfəl. .nɛt ˈoʊpən sɔrs ənd təˈdeɪ, wi ər bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ðə wərk tɪ meɪk ðə ɪnˈtaɪər .nɛt kɔr ˈsərvər stæk ˈoʊpən sɔrs. ˈsɛvərəl ki kəmˈpoʊnənts, laɪk ənd ðə si# kəmˈpaɪlər hæv bɪn ˈoʊpən ˈpriviəsli, ənd təˈdeɪ, wi ər riˈlisɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl əˈdɪʃənəl kəmˈpoʊnənts ər ðə kɔr .nɛt ˈfreɪmˌwərk. ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst ˈsɛvərəl mənθs, wi wɪl bi ˈoʊpən ˈsɔrsɪŋ ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðə .nɛt kɔr ənd .nɛt kɔr ˈfreɪmˌwərk. ðiz ˈprɑʤɛkts wɪl bi riˈlist ˈəndər ðə ˈɛˈmaɪˈti ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈlaɪsəns ənd wi ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪʃuɪŋ ən ɪkˈsplɪsət ˈpætənt ˈprɑməs tɪ ˈklɛrəˌfaɪ ˈjuzərz ˈpætənt raɪts tɪ .nɛt. dɪˈvɛləpərz kən bɪˈgɪn ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ wɪθ ðə brɛdθ əv .nɛt ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈprɑʤɛkts təˈdeɪ æt http://github.com/microsoft/dotnet*. ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˈoʊpən sɔrs .nɛt ˈprɑʤɛkt, wi wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi ɪkˈspændɪŋ .nɛt tɪ ˈtərgət ˈlɪnəks ənd mæk ɑs ɛks ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈwɪndoʊz. ðɪs wɪl prəˈvaɪd greɪt nu ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ənd ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti fər .nɛt dɪˈvɛləpərz, ənd ɪˈneɪbəl .nɛt tɪ bi juzd ɪn ˈmɛni nu ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən sɪˈnɛrioʊz. wi ər ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ bi ˈwərkɪŋ ˈkloʊsli wɪθ ðə ˈmoʊnoʊ kəmˈjunɪti ɔn ðɪs ˈɛfərt, tɪ ˈʤɔɪntli dɪˈlɪvər ən ˈoʊpənˌsɔrs, .nɛt ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən fər ðə ˈsərvər tɪ ˈwɪndoʊz, ˈlɪnəks ənd ɑs ɛks. mɪˈgɛl də əv ðə ˈmoʊnoʊ ˈprɑʤɛkt ʃɛrz ɑr ɪkˈsaɪtmənt: ɪz ə nu ənd ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ taɪm fər .nɛt dɪˈvɛləpərz. wi ər goʊɪŋ tɪ blɛnd ðə bɛst tɛkˈnɑləʤiz frəm .nɛt ˈɪntu ˈmoʊnoʊ, ənd ðə krɔs ˈplætˌfɔrm ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz əv ˈmoʊnoʊ ˈɪntu .nɛt, ˈgɪvɪŋ si# dɪˈvɛləpərz ðə bɛst əv boʊθ wərldz." ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ kəmˈjunɪti 2013 greɪt æps ˌrikˈwaɪər greɪt tulz, ənd təˈdeɪ wi ər ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ tɪ ən ˈivɪn ˈbrɔdər sɛt əv dɪˈvɛləpərz. ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ kəmˈjunɪti 2013 ɪz ə nu fri, ɪˈdɪʃən əv ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ðət lɛts dɪˈvɛləpərz ˈtərgət ˈɛni ˈplætˌfɔrm, frəm ˈdɛskˌtɑp ənd ˈmoʊbəl tɪ wɛb ənd klaʊd. ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ kəmˈjunɪti 2013 ˈɔlsoʊ səˈpɔrts fʊl ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ, ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm əv ˈoʊvər 5000 ɪkˈstɛnʃənz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ brɔd ˈplætˌfɔrm səˈpɔrt ɪn ə ˈjunəˌfaɪd ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ɪkˈspɪriəns, ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ kəmˈjunɪti 2013 ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludz ˈdəzənz əv greɪt ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ tulz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ pik, blɛnd, koʊd æˈnælɪsɪs, ˈgræfɪkəl diˈbəgɪŋ ənd fʊl si#. səˈpɔrt fər ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ minz dɪˈvɛləpərz geɪn ˈækˌsɛs tɪ tulz fər ə waɪd vərˈaɪəti əv tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ənd ˈplætˌfɔrmz səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ðə rɪʧ ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈgæləri. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ kəmˈjunɪti ˈjuzərz hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈɛksələnt ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ tulz fər ˈjunɪti ənd ðə ˈoʊpən sɔrs tulz fər ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ənd wɛb ɛˈsɛnʃəlz fər ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ. ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ tɪ ə ˈwaɪdər ˈɔdiəns ˈɔlsoʊ kriˈeɪts greɪt nu ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ɪkˈstɛnʃən ˈɔθərz tɪ bɪld nu tulz ənd ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ɔn tɔp əv ðə ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈplætˌfɔrm. fər boʊθ ˈoʊpən sɔrs ənd kəˈmərʃəl ɪkˈstɛnʃən ˈɔθərz, ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈɔfərz ə greɪt dɪˈvɛləpər tulz ˈplætˌfɔrm. ənd moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ kəmˈjunɪti 2013 ɪz fri fər ˈɛni ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən dɪˈvɛləpmənt. dɪˈvɛləpərz kən naʊ juz ðə brɛdθ tulz ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz fər fri wɪθ ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ kəmˈjunɪti 2013 tulz fər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz frəm ˈmoʊbəl ənd ˈdɛskˌtɑp tɪ wɛb ənd klaʊd, ˈæʒər fri traɪəl prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈhoʊstɪŋ fər 10 ˈwɛbˌsaɪts 10 ˈmoʊbəl ˈsərvɪsɪz, ənd ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈɔfərɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpər ˈsərvɪsɪz fri fər əp tɪ 5 ˈjuzərz. ju kən gɪt ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ ɔl θri ˈɔfərz təˈdeɪ. ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 ˈprivˌju ənd .nɛt 2015 ˈprivˌju ðə nɛkst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ənd .nɛt brɪŋz səbˈstænʃəl ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɪn kɔr dɪˈvɛləpər ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti, ɛz wɛl ɛz nu səˈpɔrt fər ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ju kən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 ənd .nɛt 2015 ˈprivˌjuz naʊ. ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti ðə si# ənd koʊd ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz gɪt ˈivɪn ˈbɛtər ɪn ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 wɪθ ˈbɪlˌtɪn ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən əv ðə nu ““roslyn”*” .nɛt kəmˈpaɪlər ˈplætˌfɔrm. nu ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈfiʧərz ɪn si# 6 rɪˈdus ˈbɔɪlərˌpleɪt ənd ˈklətər ɪn ˈɛvriˈdeɪ koʊd, ənd ðə nu laɪt bəlbz ɪn ðə ˈɛdɪtər brɪŋ ˌproʊˈæktɪv ənd koʊd fɪks ˌɑpərˈtunətiz tɪ jʊr əˈtɛnʃən ɛz ju ər ˈraɪtɪŋ ər ˈbraʊzɪŋ koʊd. ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ɔn kɔr diˈbəgɪŋ ənd ˈproʊˌfaɪlɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz, wɪθ səˈpɔrt fər kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ənd perftips*, boʊθ əˈveɪləbəl dɪˈrɛkli ɪn ˈkɑntɛkst ɪn ðə ˈɛdɪtər ɛz wɛl ɛz səˈpɔrt fər diˈbəgɪŋ ˈlæmdə ɪkˈsprɛʃənz. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈædɪd ðə smɑrt ˈjunɪt tɛsts ˈfiʧər tɪ ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 beɪst ɔn ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi dɪˈvɛləpt baɪ ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈrisərʧ, smɑrt ˈjunɪt tɛsts æˈnælɪˌsiz koʊd ənd ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts ˈjunɪt tɛsts tɪ dɪˈskraɪb ɪts bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈdɛskˌtɑp dɪˈvɛləpmənt kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ˈmɛni ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ənd .nɛt dɪˈvɛləpərz. ɛz pɑrt əv .nɛt 2015 wi wɪl dɪˈlɪvər .nɛt ðə nɛkst ˈəpˌdeɪt tɪ ðə ˈdɛskˌtɑp .nɛt ˈfreɪmˌwərk. ðɪs riˈlis wɪl ˌɪnˈklud ə fju ki ˌɪmˈpruvmənts tɪ ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ səˈpɔrt fər trænˈspɛrənt ˈwɪndoʊz ənd ˈkərsər faɪlz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 ˈprivˌju ædz nu tulz fər dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈvɪʒəwəl ˌdaɪəgˈnɑstɪks tul, ə ˈtaɪmlaɪn tul, ənd ə blɛnd dɪˈzaɪnər ɪkˈspɪriəns. ˈpəblɪʃt ə nu fər wɪθ əˈdɪʃənəl ˈditeɪlz. klaʊd ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 ɪz ðə moʊst ˈdipli aɪd ˈɛvər bɪlt, frəm ˈæʒər ənd ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən, tɪ klaʊd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən dɪˈvɛləpmənt. .nɛt 2015 ˌɪnˈkludz 5 ə nu, lin ənd ˈfreɪmˌwərk fər ˈbɪldɪŋ wɛb ənd klaʊd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. 5 ɪz ənd ˈoʊpən sɔrs, ənd æps kən rən ˈsaɪdbaɪˈsaɪd wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt ˈvərʒənz əv ðə ˈfreɪmˌwərk ɔn ðə seɪm ˈsərvər. 5 ˈɔlsoʊ brɪŋz ə nu dɪˈvɛləpər ɪkˈspɪriəns bɪlt əˈpɑn ˌkɑmpəˈleɪʃən, ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ə ˈfæstər ˈsaɪkəl, ənd səˈpɔrt fər ˈɛni koʊd ˈɛdɪtər. ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 ˌɪnˈkludz ɔl ðə fəˈmɪljər ˈtulɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz fər 5 ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludz ðə æd kəˈnɛktɪd ˈsərvɪs ˈdaɪəlɔg, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈizi tɪ dɪˈskəvər ənd kənˈsum rɛst ɪn jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsərvɪsɪz frəm boʊθ ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ənd 3rdparties*, wɪθ səˈpɔrt fər ˈæʒər ˈmoʊbəl ˈsərvɪsɪz, ˈæʒər ˈstɔrɪʤ, ˈɔfəs 365 ənd təˈdeɪ. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ æd æd ɔˌθɛntəˈkeɪʃən tɪ jʊr wɛb æps ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈæʒər ˈæktɪv dɪˈrɛktəri ɔˌθɛntəˈkeɪʃən ˈwɪzərd. dɪˈvɛləpərz ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪŋ wɪθ ðə rɪʧ ˈdætə ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪn ˈɔfəs 365 kən bɪld əˈpɑn ðə nu ˈɔfəs 365 wɪʧ ər ˈʤɛnərəli əˈveɪləbəl naʊ ənd kən gɪt ˈstɑrtɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈsændˌbɑks ər riˈlis əv nu ˈɔfəs dɪˈvɛləpər tulz fər ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ. ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl təˈdeɪ ɪz ðə ˈæʒər wɪθ ˈfərðər ˌɪmˈpruvmənts tɪ klaʊd ˌdaɪəgˈnɑstɪks ənd rɪˈmoʊt diˈbəgɪŋ səˈpɔrt fər ˈæʒər ənd klaʊd ˈsərvɪsɪz. ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɛz dɪˈvɛləpərz kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðɛr ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ðə ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪs ˈplætˌfɔrm ˈspænɪŋ ˈioʊs, ˈænˌdrɔɪd ənd ˈwɪndoʊz, ðə nid fər ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt səˈluʃənz həz ˈnɛvər bɪn ˈgreɪtər. ɔn tɔp əv greɪt tulz fər ˈbɪldɪŋ ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈwɪndoʊz ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 ˈɔfərz ðə moʊst kəmˈplit ˈmoʊbəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, wɪθ greɪt səˈluʃənz fər si#, si++ ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈioʊs, ˈænˌdrɔɪd, ˈwɪndoʊz ənd mɔr. si# ənd ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm ɪˈneɪbəlz dɪˈvɛləpərz tɪ bɪld ˈneɪtɪv ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz wɪˈθɪn ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ fər ˈɛvəri dɪˈvaɪs ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti əv .nɛt waɪl ˈlɛvərɪʤɪŋ ɔl ðə paʊər əv ðə dɪˈvaɪs. wi kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈpɑrtnər wɪθ tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ə greɪt ɪkˈspɪriəns fər si# ənd ɛf# dɪˈvɛləpərz duɪŋ ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt. təˈdeɪ wi ər ɪkˈspændɪŋ ðɪs kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən ɪn θri ki weɪz: wi ər ˈʤɔɪntli prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ə ˈdɪskaʊnt tɪ ˈɛlɪʤəbəl səbˈskraɪbərz fər ˈbɪznɪs ər ˈɛnərˌpraɪz. wi ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən bɪtˈwin ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ənd, wɪθ ə ˈstrimˌlaɪnd ɪkˈspɪriəns fər ˌɪnˈstɔlɪŋ frəm ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ. wɪl æd ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ səˈpɔrt tɪ ɪts fri ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈstɑrtər ɪˈdɪʃən ˈleɪtər ðɪs jɪr. ðɪs ˈkɑmpləmənts ðə riˈlis əv ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ kəmˈjunɪti, ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp .nɛt ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt tɪ ˈɛni dɪˈvɛləpər. si++ si++ kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi ə ˈlidɪŋ ʧɔɪs fər ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ənd ðə ˈrɪʧəst ˈpɑsəbəl ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈɪndəstri. fər ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvɛləpərz, si++ ɪz ə ki pɑrt əv geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd haɪ pərˈfɔrməns ʃɛrd koʊd ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz əˈkrɔs ˈməltəpəl ˈplætˌfɔrmz, ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kəmˈpoʊnənt əv ˈrɪʧəst ˈmoʊbəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. wɪθ ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 wi ər dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ə kəmˈplit tul ʧeɪn fər ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt wɪθ si++. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludz ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd səˈpɔrt fər ðə klæŋ ənd fər ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈænˌdrɔɪd naʊ ənd ˈioʊs sun. ju kən ˈɛdət ənd diˈbəg ə ˈsɪŋgəl sɛt əv si++ sɔrs koʊd, ənd bɪld ɪt fər ˈioʊs, ˈænˌdrɔɪd ənd ˈwɪndoʊz. ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 ˈɔlsoʊ brɪŋz ˈdəzənz əv əˈdɪʃənəl ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti ˈfiʧərz fər si++ dɪˈvɛləpərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ nu refactorings*, ˌɪmˈpruvd ɪn files”*” ənd ˌɪmˈpruvd ˌɪnkrəˈmɛntəl bɪldz. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ðə ˈvɪʒəwəl si++ kəmˈpaɪlər ˌɪnˈkludz mɔr kəmˈplit si++ 11 ənd si++ 14 səˈpɔrt. ənd əˈpæʧi ˌkɔrˈdoʊvə ɔn ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz ənd ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt ər ɪkˈspændɪŋ frəm rɪʧ wɛb ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz tɪ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli biɪŋ juzd ɛz pɑrt əv ˈpækɪʤd ˈmoʊbəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 ˌɪnˈkludz ˈbɪlˌtɪn səˈpɔrt ˈbɪldɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ðə ˈoʊpən sɔrs əˈpæʧi ˌkɔrˈdoʊvə ˈplætˌfɔrm ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈioʊs, ˈænˌdrɔɪd ənd ˈwɪndoʊz. ðə ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ səˈpɔrt fər ˌkɔrˈdoʊvə prəˈvaɪdz tulz fər ˈɔθərɪŋ, diˈbəgɪŋ, ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ, ˈpækɪʤɪŋ, ənd dɪˈplɔɪɪŋ ˌkɔrˈdoʊvə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, ɔl wɪˈθɪn ðə fəˈmɪljər ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ aɪd. ðə nuəst riˈlis əv ðə ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ tulz fər ˌkɔrˈdoʊvə ˌɪnˈkludz səˈpɔrt fər ˈwɪndoʊz æps, ˈioʊs diˈbəgɪŋ frəm wɪˈθɪn ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ, ənd ˈsimləs ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən wɪθ typescript*, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ə ˈhaɪli pərˈdəktɪv ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˈɔθərɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns. ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ fər ˈænˌdrɔɪd ɛz dɪˈvɛləpərz ˈtərgət ˈməltəpəl ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪs fɔrm ˈfæktərz, greɪt ər ki tɪ pərˈdəktɪv dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈsaɪkəlz. ɛz pɑrt əv ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 dɪˈvɛləpərz naʊ ˈɔlsoʊ gɪt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ fər ˈænˌdrɔɪd, ə fər ðə ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈplætˌfɔrm ðət səˈpɔrts ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti ˈfiʧərz fər ˈɛmjəˌleɪtɪŋ dɪˈvaɪs ˈɪnˌpʊts laɪk ækˌsɛlərˈɑmətər, loʊˈkeɪʃən, ənd ˈnɛtˌwərk kənˈdɪʃənz. ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2013 ˈəpˌdeɪt 4 ɪn ˈpɛrəˌlɛl wɪθ dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2015 ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ˈrɛgjələr ˈəpˌdeɪts tɪ ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2013 təˈdeɪ, ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2013 ˈəpˌdeɪt 4 ɪz əˈveɪləbəl fər ɔl ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ 2013 ˈjuzərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈdəzənz əv ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈsɛvərəl nu ˈfiʧərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ fʊl ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən əv ðə ˈjunɪti tulz fər ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ, ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpərz tɪ juz ðə ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ aɪd fər ˈjunɪti ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ɪn ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ənd ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ðə ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən əv dɛv ənd ɑps kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl nu əˈʤɪləti ɪn ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈprɔˌsɛs. ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn, tfs*, ˈæʒər ənd ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ər ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ə kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd tulz tɪ hɛlp ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ɪmˈbreɪs ˈpræktɪsɪz. klaʊd dɪˈplɔɪmənt ˈprɑʤɛkts ɪˈneɪbəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən tɪ bi ˈkæpʧərd ɛz koʊd ənd ˈmænɪʤd əˈlɔŋ wɪθ klaʊd ˈprɑʤɛkts ənd səˈluʃənz ɪn ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ. klaʊd dɪˈplɔɪmənt ˈprɑʤɛkts ɪz pɑrt əv ðə ˈæʒər tulz fər ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ wɪʧ ɪz əˈveɪləbəl təˈdeɪ. riˈlis ˈmænɪʤmənt fər ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ɪz naʊ əˈveɪləbəl ɛz ə ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈsərvɪs ˈprivˌju. riˈlis ˈmænɪʤmənt hɛlps ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz tɪ ˈizəli ˈɔrkɪˌstreɪt dɪˈplɔɪmənts əv sɔrs ənd kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ˈɑrtəˌfækts əˈkrɔs ðɛr ˈpaɪˌplaɪnz. ðɪs ɪˈneɪbəlz timz tɪ riˈlis mɔr ˈfrikwɛntli, wɪθ haɪər ˈkɑnfədɛns. ˈsəməri təˈdeɪ, wi hæd ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ʃɛr ɑr ˈvɪʒən fər ðə ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft dɪˈvɛləpər ˈplætˌfɔrm. ɛz pɑrt əv ðət ˈvɪʒən, wi əˈspaɪr tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ˈɛvəri dɪˈvɛləpər ənd ˈɛni ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən tɪ hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ, .nɛt, ˈæʒər ənd ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn. noʊ ˈmætər ˈwɛðər ju ər ə ˈstɑrˌtəp, ə ˈstudənt, ə ˈhɑbiɪst, ən ˈoʊpən sɔrs dɪˈvɛləpər ər ə kəˈmərʃəl dɪˈvɛləpər, ənd noʊ ˈmætər ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm ju ər ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ər ðə æp ju ər kriˈeɪtɪŋ, ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ, ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn, .nɛt ənd ˈæʒər wɪl ɪˈneɪbəl ju tɪ bɪld fər ðə brɛdθ əv ˈmoʊbəl, ˈdɛskˌtɑp, wɛb ənd klaʊd ˈplætˌfɔrmz. namaste*!
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visual studio and .net have been two bedrocks of the microsoft developer ecosystem for over a decade. with over 1.8 billion installations of .net and over 7 million downloads of visual studio 2013 in just the last year, visual studio and .net are enabling millions of developers to build some of today’s most important software and services powering businesses, apps and sites.
today, we are taking the next big step for the microsoft developer platform, opening up access to .net and visual studio to an even broader set of developers by beginning theocess of open-sourcing the full .net server core stack and introducing a new free and fully-featured edition of visual studio. at the same time, we are releasingeviews of the next generation of visual studio, .net and visual studio online.
to summarize some of the key news we are announcing today:
over the coming months, we will be open sourcing the full server-side .net core stack , from asp.net 5 down to the core runtime and framework, and the open source . net will be expanded to run on linux and mac os x in addition to windows.
, from asp.net 5 down to the core runtime and framework, and the . in addition to windows. visual studio community 2013 is a new, free and fully featured edition of visual studio , available today, with access to the full visual studio extensibility ecosystem and support for targeting any platform, from devices and desktop to web and cloud services.
, available today, with access to the full visual studio extensibility ecosystem and support for targeting any platform, from devices and desktop to web and cloud services. aeview of the next generation of our tools is available today with visual studio 2015eview and .net 2015eview . together, these bring industry-leading cross-platform mobile development tools, deep support for cloud development, and greatoductivity improvements across the breadth of the developer experience.
and . together, these bring industry-leading cross-platform mobile development tools, deep support for cloud development, and greatoductivity improvements across the breadth of the developer experience. visual studio 2013 update 4 is available now for every visual studio 2013 user, including dozens of improvements across theoduct plus several great new features.
is available now for every visual studio 2013 user, including dozens of improvements across theoduct plus several great new features. visual studio online is expanding its devops portfolio with the new visual studio online release management service and visual studio cloud deploymentojects.
for in-depth coverage of these announcements and more, tune in to the connect(); event coverage on channel 9 either live or on-demand.
with these releases, we are broadly opening up access to our industry leading platform and tools to every developer building any application in today’s mobile-first, cloud-first world. no matter if you are a startup, a student, a hobbyist, an open source developer or a commercial developer, and no matter the platform you are targeting or the app you are creating, visual studio, visual studio online, .net and azure will help you be successful.
.net open source and cross-platform
today, we are beginning the work to make the entire .net core server stack open source. several key components, like asp.net and the c# compiler have been open sourcedeviously, and today, we are releasing several additional components or the core .net framework. over the next several months, we will be open sourcing the remainder of the .net core runtime and .net core framework. theseojects will be released under the mit open source license and we are also issuing an explicit patentomise to clarify users patent rights to .net.
developers can begin engaging with the breadth of .net open sourceojects today at http://github.com/microsoft/dotnet.
as part of the open source .netoject, we will also be expanding .net to target linux and mac os x in addition to windows. this willovide great new opportunities and flexibility for .net developers, and enable .net to be used in many new application scenarios. we are excited to be working closely with the mono community on this effort, to jointly deliver an open-source, enterprise-ready .net implementation for the server to windows, linux and os x. miguel de icaza of the monooject shares our excitement:this is a new and exciting time for .net developers. we are going to blend the best technologies from .net into mono, and the cross platform capabilities of mono into .net, giving c# developers the best of both worlds."
visual studio community 2013
great apps require great tools, and today we are opening up access to visual studio to an even broader set of developers.
visual studio community 2013 is a new free, fully-featured edition of visual studio that lets developers target any platform, from desktop and mobile to web and cloud. visual studio community 2013 also supports full visual studio extensibility, offering access to the ecosystem of over 5000 extensions.
in addition to broad platform support in a unified visual studio experience, visual studio community 2013 also includes dozens of great visual studio tools, including peek, blend, code analysis, graphical debugging and full c# refactoring.
support for visual studio extensibility means developers gain access to tools for a wide variety of technologies and platforms supported by the rich visual studio extensibility ecosystem, including the visual studio gallery. for example, visual studio community users have access to the excellent visual studio tools for unity and the open source node.js tools for visual studio and web essentials for visual studio.
opening up access to visual studio extensibility to a wider audience also creates great new opportunities for extension authors to build new tools and experiences on top of the visual studio platform. for both open source and commercial extension authors, visual studio offers a great developer tools platform.
and most importantly, visual studio community 2013 is free for any non-enterprise application development.
developers can now use the breadth microsoft’s tools and services for free with visual studio community 2013 tools for developing applications from mobile and desktop to web and cloud, azure free trialoviding hosting for 10 websites + 10 mobile services, and visual studio online offering developer services free for up to 5 users. you can get started with all three offers today.
visual studio 2015eview and .net 2015eview
the next generation of visual studio and .net brings substantial improvements in core developeroductivity, as well as new support for cross-platform mobile development and cloud-based development. you can download visual studio 2015 and .net 2015eviews now.
productivity
the c# and vb code editing experiences get even better in visual studio 2015 with built-in integration of the newroslyn” .net compiler platform. new language features in c# 6 reduce boilerplate and clutter in everyday code, and the new light bulbs in the editor bringoactive refactoring and code fix opportunities to your attention as you are writing or browsing code.
visual studio 2015 continues to improve on core debugging andofiling experiences, with support for breakpoint configuration and perftips, both available directly in context in the editor as well as support for debugging lambda expressions.
we’ve also added the smart unit tests feature to visual studio 2015. based on the pex technology developed by microsoft research, smart unit tests analyses code and automatically generates unit tests to describe its behavior.
desktop development continues to be important for many visual studio and .net developers. as part of .net 2015 we will deliver .net 4.6, the next update to the desktop .net framework. this release will include a few key improvements to the wpf platform, including support for transparent windows and multi-image cursor files. in addition, visual studio 2015eview adds new tools for wpf development, including a visual diagnostics tool, a timeline tool, and a re-designed blend designer experience. we’ve published a new roadmap for wpf with additional details.
cloud
visual studio 2015 is the most deeply cloud-aware ide we’ve ever built, from azure and visual studio online integration, to cloud application development.
.net 2015 includes asp.net 5, a new, lean and composable framework for building web and cloud applications. asp.net 5 is cross-platform and open source, and apps can run side-by-side with different versions of the framework on the same server.
asp.net 5 also brings a new developer experience built upon on-demand compilation, enabling a faster edit-debug cycle, and support for any code editor. visual studio 2015 includes all the familiar asp.net mvc tooling experiences for asp.net 5.
visual studio 2015 also includes the add connected service dialog, making it easy to discover and consume rest apis in your applications, including services from both microsoft andparties, with support for azure mobile services, azure storage, office 365 and salesforce today. in addition, you can also add ad authentication to your web apps using the azure active directory authentication wizard.
developers integrating with the rich data and services in office 365 can build upon the new office 365 apis which are generally available now and can get started using the api sandbox or today’s release of new office developer tools for visual studio.
also available today is the azure sdk 2.5, with further improvements to cloud diagnostics and remote debugging support for azure vm and cloud services.
cross-platform mobile development
as developers continue to increase their focus on targeting the mobile device platform spanning ios, android and windows, the need for cross-platform mobile development solutions has never been greater.
on top of great tools for building universal windows applications, visual studio 2015 offers the most complete cross-platform mobile application development environment, with great solutions for c#, c++ and html/javascript development targeting ios, android, windows and more.
c# and xamarin
the xamarin platform enables developers to build native applications within visual studio for every device using theoductivity of .net while leveraging all the power of the device. we continue to partner with xamarin to enable a great experience for c# and f# developers doing cross-platform mobile development.
today we are expanding this collaboration in three key ways:
we are jointlyoviding a discount to eligible msdn subscribers for xamarin business or enterprise.
we are increasing the integration between visual studio and xamarin, with a streamlined experience for installing xamarin from visual studio.
xamarin will add visual studio support to its free offering xamarin starter edition later this year. this complements the release of visual studio community, opening up .net cross-platform mobile development to any developer.
c++
c++ continues to be a leading choice for high-performance applications and the richest possible experiences across the industry. for mobile developers, c++ is a key part of game development and high performance shared code libraries across multiple platforms, an increasingly important component of today’s richest mobile applications.
with visual studio 2015, we are delivering a complete tool chain for cross-platform mobile development with c++. this includes integrated support for the clang complier and llvm optimizer for targeting android now and ios soon. you can edit and debug a single set of c++ source code, and build it for ios, android and windows.
visual studio 2015 also brings dozens of additionaloductivity features for c++ developers, including new refactorings, improvedfind in files” and improved incremental builds. at the same time, the visual c++ compiler includes more complete c++ 11 and c++ 14 support.
html/javascript and apache cordova
on mobile devices html5 and javascript are expanding from rich mobile-optimized web experiences to increasingly being used as part of packaged mobile applications. visual studio 2015 includes built-in support building applications for the open source apache cordova platform targeting ios, android and windows.
the visual studio support for cordovaovides tools for authoring, debugging, analyzing, packaging, and deploying cordova applications, all within the familiar visual studio ide.
the newest release of the visual studio tools for cordova includes support for windows 8.1/universal apps, ios debugging from within visual studio, and seamless integration with typescript,oviding a highlyoductive application authoring experience.
visual studio emulator for android
as developers target multiple mobile device form factors, great emulators are key tooductive development cycles. as part of visual studio 2015, developers now also get access to the visual studio emulator for android, a high-performance x86-based emulator for the android platform that supports a variety ofoductivity features for emulating device inputs like accelerometer, location, and network conditions.
visual studio 2013 update 4
in parallel with development of visual studio 2015, we’ve also been delivering regular updates to visual studio 2013. today, visual studio 2013 update 4 is available for all visual studio 2013 users, including dozens of improvements as well as several new features, including full integration of the unity tools for visual studio, enabling developers to use the visual studio ide for unity application development.
devops in visual studio and visual studio online
the integration of dev and ops continues to enable new agility in the end-to-end application developmentocess. visual studio online, tfs, azure and visual studio are bringing a collection of integrated tools to help organizations embrace devopsactices.
cloud deploymentojects enable environment configuration to be captured as code and managed along with cloudojects and solutions in visual studio. cloud deploymentojects is part of the azure sdk 2.5 tools for visual studio which is available today.
release management for visual studio is now available as a visual studio online serviceeview. release management helps organizations to easily orchestrate deployments of source and configuration artifacts across their dev/test/production pipelines. this enables teams to release more frequently, with higher confidence.
summary
today, we had the opportunity to share our vision for the microsoft developer platform. as part of that vision, we aspire to enable every developer and any application to have access to visual studio, .net, azure and visual studio online.
no matter whether you are a startup, a student, a hobbyist, an open source developer or a commercial developer, and no matter the platform you are targeting or the app you are creating, visual studio, visual studio online, .net and azure will enable you to build for the breadth of today’s mobile, desktop, web and cloud platforms.
namaste!
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ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈkrɛdɪt: unrestrictedstock* ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈbɪli "gp*" hænd ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈbɪli "gp*" hand* ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈbɪli "gp*" hand* ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈbɪli "gp*" hænd ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈbɪli "gp*" hand* wɪn ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm sist dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər, 2015 məʧ əv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm kəmˈjunɪtiz strɛŋθ ənd ˈkɑnfədɛns bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈweɪvər. pleɪərz ˈwəndərd ɪf ðə geɪm wʊd daɪ, ɪf ðɛr wʊd ˈɛvər bi əˈnəðər ˈəpˌdeɪt, ər ɪf ðɛr wʊd ˈivɪn bi ˈɛni mɔr ˈtərnəmənts. əˈmɪdst ðə kənfˈjuʒən, ˈmɛni pleɪərz tʊk ɑrmz ənd rɪfˈjuzd tɪ lɛt ðɛr sinz, lɛt əˈloʊn ðɛr geɪm, feɪd əˈweɪ. ðə dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən əv ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm pleɪərz həz kɛpt ðə geɪm əˈlaɪv ɔn ɪts oʊn (ˈsəmθɪŋ ðeɪ wər ɔˈrɛdi juzd tɪ duɪŋ) fər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə fʊl jɪr naʊ, ənd wɪθ wət meɪ bi ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈtʊrnəmənt tɪ deɪt ɔn ðə hərˈaɪzən, θɪŋz ər ˈlʊkɪŋ ɔl ðə smæʃ sinz, wən bɪn ə ki ˈfæktər ɪn ðə sərˈvaɪvəl əv ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm fər ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz. ˈhoʊstɪŋ səm əv ðə bɛst pleɪərz, wən əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈwikliz, ənd səm əv ðə moʊst ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd pleɪərz,, ənd vjuərz, ðə nu jɔrk ˈsɪti sin həz bɪn əˈsərtɪŋ ɪts ˈdɑmənəns ɪn ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm sin sɪns əv ðə ˈərliəst ˈwikliz tɪ ˈfiʧər ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm wɑz ˈsədən dɛθ ˈsɪriz, ˈhoʊstɪd æt ˈgeɪmɪŋ (ənd ˈleɪtər nɛkst ˈlɛvəl ɑrˈkeɪd), wɪʧ ræn saɪd ˈtərnəmənts fər ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈvərʒən æt ðə taɪm, ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm wɑz ˈoʊnli ʤɪst ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ geɪn ˌnoʊtərˈaɪəti, ənd moʊst stɪl noʊ əˈbaʊt ɪts ɪgˈzɪstəns. waɪl ðɪs mɛnt ə smɔl əˈtɛndəns fər moʊst əv ðə ɪˈvɛnts, ðə pleɪərz hu dɪd ˈɛnər wər ðɛr tɪ ðɪs taɪm, ðɛr wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈfɛrli lɑrʤ piɛm ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈhoʊstɪd æt ðə geɪm ˈsɛnər. wɪθ ˈoʊnli 15 ˈɛntrənts, ðɪs wɑz ˈfɛrli lɑrʤ fər ə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈtʊrnəmənt. ðə ɪˈvɛnt ˈivɪn hæv ˈɛni piɛm ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd ˈsɛˌtəps, soʊ ðə pleɪərz hæd tɪ weɪt fər ðə brɔl ˈbrækɪt tɪ ɛnd æt əraʊnd ˈmɪdˌnaɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ kʊd ˈivɪn stɑrt pleɪɪŋ. ðə ˈwɪnər əv ðə piɛm ˈbrækɪt wɑz ˈʤeɪsən ““mew2king”*” ˈzɪmərmən, wɪθ ˈilaɪ bɪˈhaɪnd ɪn ˈsɛkənd. ˈpleɪsɪŋ æt ðɪs ˈtʊrnəmənt wʊd sɛt ə trɛnd fər ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm sin ðət wʊd læst ənˈtɪl ðə riˈlis əv ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm əv ðiz pleɪərz wər frəm ðə beɪst kru fri (fs*), hu hæv bɪn ˈʃoʊkeɪsɪŋ ðɛr skɪl sɪns ðə fərst ˈdɛmoʊ əv ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈmɛmbər ˈænθɔˌni ““gallo”*” ˈgæloʊ, crew’*’. wi ər ə kru ðət ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪz səm smash.”*.” fri fɔrmd ɪn 2013 wɪn pleɪərz ˈkrɪstəfər ““gurukid”*” bɛˈrioʊz, ˈilaɪ, ˈgæloʊ, leelue*, doowop*, ənd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv æt piɛm. frəm ðɛr, mɔr ˈpipəl wər ˈædɪd tɪ ðɛr kru, səm əv hum ˈivɪn pleɪ wɑz æt ðə ˈsədən dɛθ ˈsɪriz ðət ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm sin bɪˈgæn tɪ fɔrm. ˈilaɪ ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ðə sin, wɪθ hɪz ˈoʊnli lɑrʤ kənˈtɛndərz biɪŋ ðə ˈfeɪməs ˈʤeɪsən ““mew2king”*” ˈzɪmərmən ənd ˈhɛndrɪk ˈwɪljəm nintendo”*” ˈpaɪlər. ˈæftər ə lɔŋ hoʊld ɔn ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ɪn nu jɔrk, ˈsədən dɛθ stɑpt ˈhoʊstɪŋ ðə piɛm saɪd ɪˈvɛnts æt əraʊnd ðə riˈlis əv ˈvərʒən ðə kəmˈjunɪti dɪd nɑt teɪk ðɪs lɔs ˈlaɪtli, ənd bɪˈgæn ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ə nu ðə ˈivnɪŋ əv mɑrʧ 12th*, 2014 18 kəmˈpɛtɪtərz ˈgæðərd ɪn ə smɔl ˈgeɪmɪŋ kəˈfeɪ ɪn ˌæˈstɔriə, nu jɔrk tɪ kəmˈpit ɪn ðə fərst ˈɛvər ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm haɪp naɪt. ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd baɪ ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz ˈænθɔˌni ““gambit”*” kɪŋ jr*. ənd, ðɪs nu ˈsɪriz wʊd sɛt ðə ˈstɔri fər ðə smɔl, ˈɑrgjuəbli wərs ˈvɛnju, ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm haɪp naɪt bɪˈgæn əˈtræktɪŋ mɔr pleɪərz ðən ˈsədən dɛθ ɪn noʊ taɪm. waɪl moʊst əv ðə ˈɛntrənts æt ˈsədən dɛθ wər ʤɪst ˈmeɪˌleɪ ənd brɔl pleɪərz ˈɛnərɪŋ fər fən, piɛm haɪp naɪt sɔ ə nu sɛt əv ˈrɛgjələrz hu əˈtɛndəd ˈoʊnli tɪ pleɪ piɛm. ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən ənd ðə haɪp sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə ˈrisənt riˈlis əv ˈvərʒən əˈlaʊd fər ɪt tɪ bɪˈkəm ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈloʊkəl ɪn nu jɔrk. iʧ ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, 10 tɪ 15 pleɪərz wʊd əˈtɛnd ðə ɪˈvɛnts tɪ pruv ðɛmˈsɛlvz əˈgɛnst ðə bɛst hæd tɪ ˈɔfər. ðɪs lɛt pleɪərz laɪk ˈgæloʊ, ʤeɪk ““frozen”*” ˈsɑmə, stereokidd*, ənd ˈgɑrnər mɔr əˈtɛnʃən ɛz ðeɪ tɔr θru ˈbrækɪts tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ˈilaɪ ənd fər fərst bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈəpər əv pleɪərz, ðɛr wər pleɪərz hu stɪl əˈtɛndəd ˈɛvəri wik, bət kwaɪt meɪk ɪt tɪ ə kənˈsɪstənt tɔp 5 ˈpleɪsɪŋ. əˈməŋ ðiz pleɪərz wər tu ˈmɛmbərz əv: ““darkblues”*” ridaoui*, hu hæd wət simd tɪ bi ðə bɛst ˈboʊzər ɪn ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm æt ðə taɪm, ənd ““narq”*” claros*, wɪθ hɪz ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈlukəs ðɪs taɪm, mɔr smæʃ pleɪərz wər ˈhɑpɪŋ ɔn tɪ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈbændˌwægən. pleɪərz laɪk ʤɑn numbers”*” ˈgoʊldbərg ənd nɪnˈtɛndoʊ əˈtɛndəd ðə ɪˈvɛnts ənd meɪd ə neɪm fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ðə mɪst əv ɔl ðɪs, ˈilaɪ hæd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs mɔr ɔn hɪz ˌækəˈdɛmɪks ənd laɪf, ənd stɑpt əˈtɛndɪŋ piɛm ɪˈvɛnts. ðɪs lɛt pleɪərz laɪk ˈgæloʊ ənd ˈfroʊzən ˈtruli bɪˈgɪn tɪ ʃoʊ ɔf ðɛr skɪl, wɪθ ˈgæloʊ rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ ˈilaɪ ɛz ˈraɪvəl, ənd ˈfroʊzən ˈtreɪlɪŋ nɑt fɑr bɪˈhaɪnd. wən stɛp əˈhɛd əv ˈfroʊzən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɑz ʤɑn ˈnəmbərz, hu wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ goʊ kəmˈpit wɪθ boʊθ ənd meɪn tɪ əv ðə piɛm haɪp naɪt ɪˈvɛnts, ˈgæmbɪt, wɑz noʊ ˈstreɪnʤər tɪ ˈrənɪŋ ˈtərnəmənts, soʊ ðə ˈbrækɪt ræn fæst ənd ɪˈfɪʃəntli, dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈvɛnju nɑt ˈhævɪŋ ˈnɪrli ɪˈnəf speɪs ər ˈsɛˌtəps. ˈgæmbɪt ˈstɑrtɪd hɪz kərɪr ɛz ə tɪ baɪ ˈhoʊstɪŋ ˈtərnəmənts æt hɪz haɪ skul ɛz ˈfənˌdreɪzərz bæk ɪn 2006 hɪz ɪkˈspɪriəns, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ hɛlp ənd kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən frəm ðə kəmˈjunɪti, əˈlaʊd fər hɪz ˈtərnəmənts tɪ wɪθ strɔŋ, ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhoʊstɪd ə ˈfɛrli haɪ kˈwɑləti strim. ðə strim wɑz rən baɪ, hu hæd ˈpriviəs ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈstrimɪŋ hɪz oʊn speedruns*. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈlɑrʤər piɛm ˈstrimərz laɪk wər æt ə məʧ haɪər kˈwɑləti, ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm haɪp strimz wər stɪl haɪər kˈwɑləti ðən moʊst ˈstrimərz, ənd ˈfiʧərd ˈbɛtər pleɪərz ðən moʊst ˈəðər ˈtərnəmənts. ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl frəm ðə strim wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈəˌploʊdɪd ˈɔntu ðɪs ˈjuˌtub ˈʧænəl ənd ər stɪl ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm haɪp naɪts dɪd si ə ˈpɪriəd əv groʊθ, ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈstægˌneɪtɪd ˈæftər ə ʃɔrt waɪl. ðə smɔl ˈvɛnju ɪˈnəf tɪ hoʊld ɔl ðə pleɪərz ðə ɪˈvɛnt wɑz əˈtræktɪŋ. ðə sin ˈnidɪd ə nu ˈvɛnju, ənd ðeɪ faʊnd ðɛr ˈænsər ɪn ə kəˈlɛktəbəlz ənd ˈgeɪmɪŋ ʃɑp ɪn nu ˈvɛnju wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli əkˈwaɪərd baɪ ˈpɑpjələr tɪ ˈʤɛsi ““hectohertz”*” hɛrts fər ˈhoʊstɪŋ ˈmeɪˌleɪ ˈtərnəmənts, bət hɛrts ˈɔlsoʊ pʊʃt fər piɛm ˈtərnəmənts wɪn hi sɔ haʊ ˈbædli ðə sin ˈnidɪd ə nu ˈsɪriz. hɛrts ˈwɛlkəmd ðə piɛm kəmˈjunɪti wɪθ ˈoʊpən ɑrmz, ənd ˈgæmbɪt wɑz bæk əˈgɛn ɛz ðə meɪn tɪ əv piɛm meɪ, 2014 ðə fərst ˈɛvər ˈnɛbjələs smæʃ ɪˈvɛnt wɑz ˈhoʊstɪd, ˈfiʧərɪŋ boʊθ ˈmeɪˌleɪ ənd ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm. ðɪs ɪˈvɛnt sərvd ɛz ə nu ˈɪrə fər smæʃ, wɪθ ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈvɛnju, ə ˈbɛtər loʊˈkeɪʃən, ənd ə nu ˈsɪriz ɔl təˈgɛðər. nebulous’*’ piɛm ˈtərnəmənts kənˈsɪstəntli rɪˈsivd ˈdəbəl wət piɛm haɪp naɪts rɪˈsivd, ənd ɔn səm naɪts, ðə strim baɪ, noʊn ˈpriviəsli fər ˈstrimɪŋ bist moʊd, ðə ɪˈvɛnt sun bɪˈkeɪm wɛl noʊn tɪ ðə piɛm kəmˈjunɪti. ˈɛvəri wik, ˈdəzənz əv vjuərz wʊd ˈgæðər tɪ wɔʧ səm əv nu bɛst pleɪərz əraʊnd ðɪs taɪm, haɪˈeɪtəs əˈlaʊd fər tɪ bɪˈgɪn hɪz reɪn ˈoʊvər ðə sin. əˈsaɪd frəm ˈdrɑpɪŋ ə fju ˈtərnəmənts tɪ pleɪərz laɪk ˈgæloʊ ənd ˈfroʊzən, wən 6 ˈnɛbjələs piɛm ˈtərnəmənts, ˈoʊnli ˈstɑpɪŋ wɪn smæʃ 4 riˈlist ɔn reɪn, nu pleɪərz bɪˈgæn tɪ raɪz. ə nu kru, ““ribb”*”, bɪˈgæn tɪ ʃoʊ ɔf ðɛr skɪl, wɪθ ˈnɛlsən ““moxie”*” ˈmɑtoʊz,, ənd ˈsaɪfər, ðɛr bɛst pleɪərz, ˈmeɪkɪŋ kwɪk wərk əv ˈmɛni pleɪərz. dɪˈspaɪt groʊɪŋ lɪst əv əp ənd ˈkəmɪŋ pleɪərz, wər stɪl ðə ˈdɑmənənt fɔrs ɪn ə waɪl, ˈnɛbjələs piɛm sɔ ˈsɪmələr rɪˈzəlts ˈɛvəri wik. tɔp 3 wʊd ˈjuʒəwəli kənˈsɪst əv ˈfroʊzən, ˈgæloʊ,, stereokidd*, ənd. ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli, nu ˈʤərzi wʊd ˌɪnˈveɪd wɪθ pleɪərz laɪk ˈmaɪkəl ““emukiller”*” ˈsɪlbərnəgəl ənd teɪk fərst pleɪs, bət fər ðə moʊst pɑrt, ðə ˈbrækɪts ənd rɪˈzəlts wər ˈsɪmələr. əˈtɛndəns wɑz ˈstægˌneɪtɪŋ æt əraʊnd 17 pleɪərz iʧ wik, wɪθ noʊ groʊθ əˈsaɪd frəm ðə əˈfɔrˌmɛnʃənd nu ˈʤərzi ˌɪnˈveɪʒənz. ðət ɔl ʧeɪnʤd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪn bɪˈgæn pleɪɪŋ ðə fərst wik, sɔ ə rɪˈpit əv wət ˈhæpənd ˈdʊrɪŋ reɪn. hi wən ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt wɪˈθaʊt ˈdrɑpɪŋ ə sɛt, wɪθ ˈoʊnli ˈgæloʊ ənd ˈfroʊzən ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪm ˈtrəbəl. pleɪərz wər ˈrɛdi fər ə rɪˈpit əv wət hæd ˈhæpənd mənθs əˈgoʊ æt piɛm haɪp naɪts ənd ðə fərst tu mənθs əv ˈnɛbjələs nɛkst wik, ʃoʊd əp əˈgɛn, bət ðə sin wɑz θroʊn ə curveball*. ə pleɪər baɪ ðə neɪm əv ““jaden”*” kɑr (ˈfɔrmərli noʊn ɪn ðə ˈmeɪˌleɪ kəmˈjunɪti ɛz vanz*) ˈɛnərd ðə ˈbrækɪt ənd wən. wɑz nɑt ˈprɛzənt ðət wik, soʊ ðə ˈoʊnli ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən sɔ wɑz, hu hi drɑpt ə sɛt tɪ ɪn grænd ˈfaɪnəlz, bət bit ɪm ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈæftər tɪ teɪk fərst nɛkst wik, wɑz bæk, bət ðɛr wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ səm ˈəðər ˈtælənt æt ðə ɪˈvɛnt. ˈgæloʊ ˈɛndɪd əp ˈpleɪsɪŋ ðə haɪəst əv ðə pleɪərz ðət wik, wɪθ nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ˈteɪkɪŋ fərst, ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈsɛkənd, ənd ɑntˈwɑn ““anther”*” slɛʤ ˈteɪkɪŋ θərd. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt, hæd stɑpt əˈtɛndɪŋ ˈnɛbjələs əˈgɛn ˈæftər ˈoʊnli 2 əraʊnd ðɪs taɪm, ðə lɑrʤ groʊθ əv ðə ˈmeɪˌleɪ ˈnɛbjələs ɪˈvɛnts hæd lɛft ðə ˈmeɪˌleɪ pleɪərz wɪθ ˈlɪtəl speɪs, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛr ˈdisənt saɪzd ˈvɛnju sim ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli kræmpt. ə nu ˈvɛnju wɑz faʊnd ɪn mænˈhætən, ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈkɑməˌdeɪt əp tɪ 200 pleɪərz, ənd ˈnɛbjələs wɑz ˈriˈbɔrn ɛz ˈnioʊ ˈnɛbjələs. wɪθ ðɪs muv, ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm æt ˈnɛbjələs hæd wən læst hʊˈrɑ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmuvɪŋ ɔn tɪ ˈnioʊ ˈnɛbjələs. ðɪs læst ˈtʊrnəmənt hæd 30 əˈtɛndənts, ənd sɔ pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən frəm ðə laɪks əv nɪnˈtɛndoʊ,, ˈgæloʊ, ˈfroʊzən, ənd moʊst əv. wɪθ ðə strim wəns əˈgɛn mænd baɪ, ðɪs ɪˈvɛnt əˈtræktəd ə məʧ ˈlɑrʤər vjuər beɪs ðən ˈɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr. ˈæftər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə jɪr əv ˈtərnəmənts, ɪt wɑz taɪm tɪ muv frəm tu smɔl saɪd ɪˈvɛnt ˈbrækɪts tɪ tɛst ðə ˈwɔtərz (wən əv wɪʧ sɔ ˈgæloʊ ˈbitɪŋ ˈɛrən pro”*” ˈtɑməs ɪn ˈfaɪnəlz, ənd əˈgɛn ɪn grændz), ðə fərst ˈnioʊ ˈnɛbjələs wɑz ˈhoʊstɪd ɔn ˈfɛbruˌɛri, 2015 ənd hæd 28 ˈɛntrənts, wɪθ pleɪərz frəm ənd nu ˈʤərzi ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt fər ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ ɪˈvɛnt. ðɪs fərst ˈtʊrnəmənt sɔ nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ˈpleɪsɪŋ fərst, əˈhɛd əv ˈʤoʊzəf joe”*” ˈrɔʧər ənd pleɪər hu ˈsiˌgəl ʤoʊ nɑkt aʊt əv ˈwɪnərz wɑz ˈnɪkələs ““boiko”*”, ə nɛs meɪn frəm lɔŋ ˈaɪlənd. hæd əˈtɛndəd wən əv ðə ˈpriviəs tu saɪd ɪˈvɛnts fər piɛm æt ˈnioʊ ˈnɛbjələs, ənd hæd ˈteɪkən ə sɛt ɔf əv. ˌɔlˈðoʊ wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ meɪk səm strɔŋ ˈəpˌsɛts ˈsimɪŋli ˈɛvəri ˈbrækɪt hi ˈɛnərd, hi ˈeɪbəl tɪ meɪk ɪt pæst pleɪs fər kwaɪt səm fərst, ˈnioʊ ˈnɛbjələs sɔ ən ˈævərɪʤ əv əˈbaʊt 30 pleɪərz, bət ðə sin wɑz groʊɪŋ ˈɛvəri ɪˈvɛnt, ənd əˈtɛndəns frəm aʊt əv steɪt pleɪərz wɑz bɪˈkəmɪŋ mɔr ənd mɔr ˈkɑmən. wən əv ðə nu ˈrɛgjələrz æt ˈnɛbjələs wɑz ʤɪˈsɛpi ““messi”*” mɪˈsinə. ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi bɪˈgæn əˈtɛndɪŋ ɪˈvɛnts ˌbiˈfɔr ðɪs, hi ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈkɑmənˌtɛri æt ˈnioʊ piɛm ɪˈvɛnts, wɪʧ ˈgɑrnərd ɪm ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti ɛz wən əv ˈkɑmənˌtɛri fərst geɪnd ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən æt ðə ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ˈtʊrnəmənt fired”*”, wɛr hi ˈkəvərd tɔp 8 fər ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm. wɑz ɔˈrɛdi noʊn fər hɪz ˈpɔdˌkæst sɔlt mines”*”, wɪʧ ˈfiʧərd ˈmɛni gʊd ist koʊst ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm pleɪərz, ənd æt ʃɑts faɪərd, ə ˈspɛʃəl sɔlt maɪnz wɑz hɛld lɪv. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ˈɛvriˌwən ɔn ðə ˈpɔdˌkæst ðət naɪt, ɛz wɛl ɛz mɑrk ““chibo”*” (ˈfaʊndər əv klæʃ ˈtərnəmənts), hæd hərd hɪz ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ɔn ðə grænd ˈfaɪnəlz fər ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈdəbəlz ðət hæd ˈhæpənd ˈərliər, ənd sɛd ˈstɪkɪŋ əraʊnd təˈmɑˌroʊ, ənd duɪŋ tɔp boʊθ ənd ˈɑmɛd ali”*” ˈɑli ˈɑkˌbɑr tɔp 8 ðə nɛkst deɪ, səˈlɪdəˌfaɪɪŋ ðɛm ɛz wən əv bɛst ˈkɑmənˌtɛri duos.luckily*, boʊθ ənd əˈpɑloʊ wər frəm, soʊ ðeɪ ˈɔfən ðə ˈnioʊ strimz təˈgɛðər. ðɪs, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈtælənt ðə ɪˈvɛnts ˈboʊstɪd ənd ðə strim kˈwɑləti, ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðə ˈnɛbjələs strimz ɛz wən əv ðə goʊ tɪ ˈsɔrsəz fər ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈfʊtɪʤ, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə groʊθ əv ˈnɛbjələs, wi ˈɔlsoʊ sɔ ðə groʊθ əv pleɪərz. ˈfroʊzən naʊ əˈsərtəd hɪz ˈdɑmənəns ɪn ðə sin, kənˈsɪstəntli ˈbitɪŋ ðə haɪər ˈlɛvəl pleɪərz laɪk ənd ˈgæloʊ tɪ teɪk fərst æt 2 ˈtərnəmənts ɪn ə ðɪs haɪ pɔɪnt ɪn ˈnioʊ nebulous’*’ ˈtaɪmlaɪn, ə pleɪər baɪ ðə neɪm əv luis ““raz”*” əˈlɑnsoʊ bɪˈgæn ˈbrɪŋɪŋ hɪz ˈlæpˌtɑp ənd ˈkæpʧər kɑrd tɪ ðə ɪˈvɛnts. hɪz ˈsɛˌtəp wɑz juzd fər lɑrʤ ɔf strim ˈmæʧɪz ər ˈməni ˈmæʧɪz, ənd ɪz stɪl juzd æt ˈnɛbjələs tɪ ðɪs deɪ. ɔl əv ðə ˈmæʧɪz frəm hɪz rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz hæv bɪn ˈəˌploʊdɪd tɪ hɪz ˈjuˌtub ˈʧænəl ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈtərnəmənts sɔ jɛt əˈnəðər neɪm ʧeɪnʤ, wɪθ ðə ˈnioʊ ˈnɛbjələs piɛm ˈwikliz biɪŋ ʧeɪnʤd tɪ ˈsɪmpli ˈnoʊvə. ˈfroʊzən kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ʃoʊ ˈdɑmənəns, ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə fərst ˈnoʊvə ˈoʊvər ˈsiˌgəl ʤoʊ. wən pleɪər hu wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə ˈlɑrʤər θrɛt æt ðə taɪm wɑz. bɪˈgæn tɪ pleɪs wɪˈθɪn tɔp 3 æt ðə ˈnoʊvə ɪˈvɛnts, dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˌɪnˈkrist ˈtælənt əˈtɛndɪŋ ˈɛvəri ˈnoʊvə kənˈtɪnjud tɪ geɪn ˈtrækʃən, ən oʊld pleɪər meɪd hɪz rɪˈtərn. trɛnt ˈmaɪkəl ““zhime”*” mɔs, hu ˈrɛrli əˈtɛndəd ˈtərnəmənts, bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈrɛgjələr æt ˈnoʊvə. hɪz ˈzɛldə tɔr θru ˈbrækɪts, əˈsərtɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz wən əv nu ˈhɪdən ˈnoʊvə bɪˈkəmɪŋ wən əv ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈwikliz, ənd ðə sin ˈgeɪnɪŋ nu pleɪərz ˈɛvəri wik, hæd bɪˈkəm ˈɑrgjuəbli ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈriʤən. ɪt wɑz æt ðɪs pɔɪnt, wɪn piɛm wɑz æt ɪts ˈstrɔŋgəst, dɪˈzæstər ˈeɪprəl əv 2015 ðə ˈnɛbjələs smæʃ tim wɑz kɪkt aʊt əv ðɛr ˈvɛnju. wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛniˌwɛr lɛft tɪ goʊ, smæʃ hɪt ə loʊ pɔɪnt. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈtʊrnəmənt əˈveɪləbəl fər ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm pleɪərz wɑz strɛŋθ smash!”*!”, ə lɔŋ ˈaɪlənd ˈwikli. wɑz ˈhoʊstɪd ɪn ə smɔl ˈvɛnju, ənd ðeɪ wər nɑt ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈkɑməˌdeɪt ðə nu ˈɪnˌfləks əv pleɪərz, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈtərnəmənts rən ˈleɪtər ðən ˈnɔrməl. ðət, kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ðə treɪn fɛr ɪt tʊk tɪ gɪt aʊt tɪ lɔŋ ˈaɪlənd, meɪd ˈivɪn sim laɪk ə pur ˈɔpʃən. wɪθ ˈnoʊˌwɛr lɛft tɪ goʊ, piɛm wɑz æt ə ʤun əv 2015 ən kæmˈpeɪn fər ə nu ˈnɛbjələs ˈvɛnju wɛnt əp. ðə smæʃ kəmˈjunɪti gɑt təˈgɛðər ənd ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd ˈoʊvər ˈkrəʃɪŋ ðə goʊl. wɪˈθaʊt ˈmɪsɪŋ ə bit, ˈnɛbjələs bɪˈgæn əˈnu wɪθ ə ˈspeɪʃəs nu ˈvɛnju. ɪt ˈɔlˌmoʊst simd laɪk ən ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ˈoʊvər ðə oʊld wən. ðə 4 mənθ ˈtʊrnəmənt draʊt wɑz ˈoʊvər, ənd piɛm bɪˈgæn tɪ ðɪs draʊt, ˈmɛni pleɪərz wər stɪl əˈtɛndɪŋ ˈtərnəmənts, səʧ ɛz, ər nu ˈtərnəmənts ˈhoʊstɪd æt ərˈinə. ðɪs əˈlaʊd fər ðə fərst ˈɛvər paʊər ˈræŋkɪŋ tɪ bi fərst ɪˈvɛnt æt ðə nu ˈnɛbjələs ˈvɛnju wɑz ˈhoʊstɪd ɔn ˈɔgəst 14th*, 2016 wɪθ ðə nu ˈtaɪtəl əv prime”*”, ðə ɪˈvɛnt ˈgɑrnərd 60 ˈɛntrənts. dɪˈspaɪt ðə juʤ ˈtərˌnaʊt, ðə rɪˈzəlts wər ðət əv ə ˈtɪpɪkəl nu jɔrk ˈtʊrnəmənt: fərst, ˈsɛkənd, ənd θərd. ˈilaɪ meɪd ə traɪˈəmfənt rɪˈtərn ˈæftər ə jɪr əv ˈsimɪŋli noʊ əˈpɪrənsəz, ənd pleɪst ə fju wiks, ðə əˈtɛndəns æt ˈnɛbjələs praɪm drɑpt tɪ əˈbaʊt 30 tɪ 40 ˈpipəl ə wik. wɪθ mɔr taɪm ənd speɪs tɪ rən ˈtərnəmənts, ˈnɛbjələs praɪm bɪˈgæn tɪ ɪkˈspɛrəmənt wɪθ boʊθ pulz ənd ən ənd proʊ ˈbrækɪt. ɪf ju ˈfɪnɪʃt ər ɪn jʊr pul, ju muvd ɔn tɪ ðə ˈæməˌʧər ˈbrækɪt, wɛr ju wʊd pleɪ əˈgɛnst ˈəðər pleɪərz fər ə ʧæns æt fri ˈvɛnju fi ðə nɛkst ɪˈvɛnt. ɪf ju ˈfɪnɪʃt ər 2nd*, ju wər pʊt ˈɪntu ðə proʊ ˈbrækɪt, wɛr ju pleɪd əˈgɛnst ˈəðər pleɪərz fər ə ʧæns æt ðə praɪz ðə ˈsəmˈwət ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt ˈnəmbər əv əˈtɛnˈdiz ˈpərˌmɪt fər ðɪs staɪl əv ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈɛvəri wik, ɪt wɑz dən wɪn ˈpɑsəbəl ənd wɑz mɛt wɪθ ˈpɑzətɪv ˈfidˌbæk. ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈtərnəmənts, spəˈsɪfɪkli lɑrʤ ˈriʤənəlz ənd ˈmeɪʤərz, hæv əˈdɑptəd ðɪs ðə fərst 6 ər 7 wiks əv ˈnɛbjələs praɪm ˈtərnəmənts, ðə seɪm 5 ər 6 pleɪərz ˈfɪnɪʃt æt ðə tɔp, bət ðə ˈɔrdər ðeɪ wər əreɪnʤd ɪn ʧeɪnʤd ˈɛvəri wik., ˈfroʊzən, ˈgæloʊ, ənd kənˈtɪnjud tɪ bit iʧ ˈəðər ɪn ˈdɪfərənt sɛts, ənd treɪd ɔf fər fərst ˈɛvəri ˈsɛvərəl wiks əv ˈnɛbjələs ˈtərnəmənts, ðə rɪˈzəlts wər əˈveɪləbəl fər ə nu paʊər ˈræŋkɪŋ- wən meɪd ʤɪst fər pleɪərz. wɪθ ə ˈpænəl meɪd əp əv ðə bɛst pleɪərz ənd ˈfrikˌwɛnt əˈtɛnˈdiz, ðɪs wɑz ðə fərst ˈɛvər ˈoʊnli ðɪs taɪm, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, bɪˈgæn tɪ dɪˈskərɪʤ ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm frəm biɪŋ strimd ɔn ðɛr ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ˈstrimɪŋ ðə geɪm wɑz nɑt əˈgɛnst ðə rulz, bət duɪŋ soʊ wɑz fraʊnd əˈpɑn fər ˈligəl ˈrizənz. ðɪs meɪd ɪt ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl fər ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈstrimərz tɪ gɪt ə səb ˈbətən, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ meɪk ˈɛni ˈməni frəm ˈstrimɪŋ piɛm. ðɪs, kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ mɔr ˈligəl ˈɪʃuz, lɛd tɪ ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə koʊld ˈʃoʊldər æt moʊst ˈmeɪʤərz. ðə piɛm sin si ˈɛni mɔr meɪn ɪˈvɛnts æt ˈtərnəmənts, ˈoʊnli saɪd ɪˈvɛnts ðət wər strimd baɪ ə θərd ˈpɑrti, ər nɑt strimd æt ɔl. waɪl səm ˈstrimərz tərnd tɪ tɪ meɪk ˈməni, ˈəðərz tərnd tɪ, hu hæd ʤɪst ˈrisəntli ˈoʊpənd əp ðɛr ˈpɑləsi ɔn ˈrɛvəˌnu ˈʃɛrɪŋ fər ˈstrimərz, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈizi tɪ gɪt ə səb ˈbətən ɔn jʊr ˈʧænəl. ˈsɛvərəl ˈrumərz ənd aɪˈdiəz wər θroʊn əraʊnd əˈbaʊt sˈwɪʧɪŋ tɪ fər ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm aɪˈdiə keɪm tɪ fruˈɪʃən ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 9th*, 2015 wɪθ ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv pmtv*. pmtv*, baɪ, wɑz ə grup əv ðə 8 moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈstrimərz, wən əv wɪʧ wɑz nebulous’*’ strim. ðɪs grup wɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə boʊld muv tɪ, ˈwɛðər ðə rɛst əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˈfɑloʊd ər nɑt. ˈləkəli, hæd sɔ ðɪs ɛz ən tɪ groʊ, ənd ækˈsɛptɪd ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm kəmˈjunɪti wɪθ ˈoʊpən ɑrmz. ðɪs əˈlaʊd fər ˈstrimɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm tɪ bi ə ˈvaɪəbəl sɔrs əv ˈrɛvəˌnu fər ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm ˈtərnəmənts, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ lɛd tɪ ˈsɛvərəl əˈfɪʃəl ˈtərnəmənts wɪθ strim wɑz rən baɪ ˈloʊkəl ˈfælkən meɪn maɪk ““nox”*” guˈʧɑrdoʊ. ˈfrikwɛntli səˈplaɪd ə rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ˈsɛˌtəp fər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈmæʧɪz, ənd wəns sɔ hɪz ˈnɑlɪʤ ɔn ˈstrimɪŋ ənd ˈmidiə pərˈdəkʃən, hi ˈhændɪd ðə kiz ˈoʊvər tɪ ɪm. ˌɔlˈðoʊ wɑz ə greɪt ˈstrimər, ðə kˈwɑləti ðət brɔt tɪ ðə strimz wɑz ə juʤ lip 2016 ɔn ðə hərˈaɪzən, ˈnɛbjələs wɑz groʊɪŋ mɔr ənd mɔr ˈpɑpjələr, ənd ðə ˈtərnəmənts rɪˈflɛktɪd ðət. ˈgæmbɪt hæd ˈbeɪgən rɪˈkrutɪŋ ˈəðər pleɪərz ˈɔntu hɪz tæsk fɔrs əv, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈgæloʊ, ræz, ənd ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈnɛbjələs əˈtɛnˈdi kaɪl ““arr0w”*” ˈfridlənd, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt rən sˈmuðər ðən ˈɛvər. ˈgæmbɪt bɪˈlivd ðət ɪts ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ˈjuˈɛs [ˈnɛbjələs] tɪ kənˈtɪnjuəsli brid ðə ˈfilɪŋ əv community”*”, soʊ ˈmɛni əv ðə nu ɔn ðə tim wər pleɪərz hu hæd ˈsɪmpli ˈɔfərd tɪ hɛlp aʊt ənd ʃoʊd ðɛr riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti ɪn ðə ðɪs taɪm, ðə ˈsɛkənd paʊər ˈræŋkɪŋ wɑz riˈlist. ðɪs ˈvərʒən ˌɪnˈkludɪd lɛs nu ˈʤərzi pleɪərz, ənd mɔr lɔŋ ˈaɪlənd pleɪərz. əˈməŋ ðə pleɪərz ɔn ðɪs,,, ənd ɔl sɔ juʤ ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɪn ðɛr ðə ˈkæləndər muvd ˈfɔrwərd, soʊ dɪd ˈnɛbjələs. ɔn 30th*, 2016 ˈnɛbjələs əˈnaʊnst ən əˈfɪʃəl ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp wɪθ. frəm ðɛn ɔn, ˈɛvəri ˈnɛbjələs strim, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðoʊz fər ˈmeɪˌleɪ, wɑz ˈhoʊstɪd ɔn, ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈnɛbjələs ɪˈvɛnts wər ˈspɑnsərd baɪ tɪ əˈlaʊ ə ˈlɑrʤər praɪz pɑt. wən əv ðiz ɪˈvɛnts wɑz ˌsupərˈnoʊvə, ə piɛm ˈnæʃənəl əˈnaʊnst ðə seɪm deɪ ɛz ðə ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp. ˌsupərˈnoʊvə wɑz tɪ bi hɛld ɔn ˈeɪprəl, 2016 wɪθ ðət deɪt ɪn maɪnd, pleɪərz frəm ɔl əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri bɪˈgæn ˈtreɪnɪŋ tɪ si wət nu jɔrk ˈsɪti hæd tɪ sin ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnidɪd ˈtreɪnɪŋ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ hɛlp priˈpɛr ðɛr pleɪərz, ðə fərst ˈɛvər ˈnɛbjələs ˌɑrˈkeɪdiən wɑz hɛld ɔn mɑrʧ, 2016 wən mənθ ˌbiˈfɔr ˌsupərˈnoʊvə. ðɪs ˈtʊrnəmənt sɔ ə tɔp 3 ðət kənˈsɪstɪd əv ɔl lɔŋ ˈaɪlənd pleɪərz, wɪθ luk quaff”*” ˈfɛrɪs ˈpleɪsɪŋ fərst, bɛn ““vortex”*” ˈpleɪsɪŋ ˈsɛkənd, ənd ˈnɪkɔləs turtle”*” ˈʤufridə ˈpleɪsɪŋ θərd. moʊst əv tɔp 8 wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ kəmˈpraɪzd əv li ˈneɪtɪvz, wɪθ ˈoʊnli 3 nu jɔrk pleɪərz (airex*, rɔɪəlz, ənd koro*) ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðɛr ˈriʤən. ðɪs ɪˈstæblɪʃt lɔŋ ˈaɪlənd pleɪərz ɛz səm əv ðə bosses”*” əv nu jɔrk, ənd pruvd ðət ˈmɛni li pleɪərz kʊd lɪv əp tɪ ðə ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz pʊt ɔn ðɛm baɪ ðə wən θɪŋ ðət ˈɛvəri pleɪər wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz rɪˈmɛmbər frəm ðət fərst ˌɑrˈkeɪdiən wɑz ðə ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ˈduoʊ əv ənd lɔŋ ˈaɪlənd fɑks meɪn ˈbɪli ““gp”*” ðə ˌɑrˈkeɪdiən, pleɪərz wɛnt bæk tɪ ˈtreɪnɪŋ, fər ðə deɪ əv ˌsupərˈnoʊvə wɑz fæst əˈproʊʧɪŋ. ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvəri pleɪər wɑz kənˈfərmd fər ðə ɪˈvɛnt, ənd ˈəðər pleɪərz frəm ɔl əraʊnd ðə ˈkəntri hæd ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈfərmd ðɛr əˈtɛndəns. pleɪərz frəm ˈtraɪˈsteɪt, ˈmɪʃɪgən, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts, oʊˈhaɪoʊ, ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə, nu ˈʤərzi, ˈmɛrələnd, vərˈʤɪnjə ənd nu ˈhæmʃər əˈtɛndəd ðə ɪˈvɛnt, ʤɪst tɪ neɪm ə few.however*, ˈmɛni əv ðiz regions’*’ pleɪərz wər ˌoʊvərˈʃædoʊd baɪ ðə wɛst koʊst ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz. ðə ist koʊst ˈvərsəz. wɛst koʊst ˈraɪvəlri hæd ɪts fərst ril ʧæns tɪ ˈblɑsəm, ɪn boʊθ ˈbrækɪt ənd kru ˈbætəlz. wɪθ 11 pleɪərz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ən 8 ˈvərsəz. 8 kru ˈbætəl bɪtˈwin ˈtraɪˈsteɪt ənd ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈtɛnʧənz haɪər ðən ˈɛvər, ðə ˈfeɪtɪd deɪ əv ˈeɪprəl ˈfaɪnəli keɪm, ənd pleɪərz laɪnd əp æt ðə dɔrz tɪ ˈnɛbjələs æt 10am*. ˈmɛni players’*’ fərst (ənd ˈoʊnli) ˌɪmˈprɛʃənz əv ðə ˈvɛnju keɪm frəm ðɪs deɪ, wɪʧ ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ ən oʊld ˈsizər ˈsæləd dɪˈskɑrdɪd ɔn ðə graʊnd baɪ ðə dɔr əv ðə ˈvɛnju. dɪˈspaɪt ðə lɛs ðən ˈstɛlər ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən əv ðə ˈɛntrəns, ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd lɛft pleɪərz ɪn ɔ. əˈtɛnˈdiz wər ˈgritɪd wɪθ ˈfrɛndlinɪs ənd prəˈfɛʃənəˌlɪzəm frəm ðə, ənd ðə ˈwɛlkəmɪŋ ˈɔrə əv ə ˈvɛnju fʊl əv ˈsɛˌtəps, rum, ənd ˈkaʊʧɪz. ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt wɑz ɔˈrɛdi ˈrɛdi tɪ bɪˈgɪn, dɪˈspaɪt nɑt ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈstɑrtɪŋ fər əˈnəðər ɪˈvɛnt ˈtoʊtəld æt 164 ˈɛntrənts. ðɛr wər səm ˈɪʃuz wɪθ pleɪərz biɪŋ sɪk, ər nɑt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt tɪ ðə ˈvɛnju ɔn taɪm, ɛz wɪθ ˈɛni ˈtʊrnəmənt, bət ðə ˈnəmbər kəmˈpitɪŋ rɪˈmeɪnd ˈoʊvər 150 ðə wər tæskt wɪθ ˈrənɪŋ ə ˈdəbəlz ˈbrækɪt, ˈsɪŋgəlz raʊnd ˈrɑbɪn pulz, ə ˈsupər smæʃ ˈsɪstərz ɪˈvɛnt ənd boʊθ ənd proʊ ˈbrækɪts fər ˈsɪŋgəlz ˈæftər pulz, ɔl wɪˈθɪn ə spæn əv əˈbaʊt 14 ˈbrækɪt kənˈkludɪd əraʊnd 3pm*, wɪθ ə tɔp 3 əv ˈdəstɪn ““darc”*” heɪz ənd ˈænθɔˌni ““slox”*” (ist koʊst) fər fərst, ənd kaɪl ““switch”*” ˈkɑrlən (ist koʊst), ənd tɑm ““aero”*” ˈsɪlvə ənd ˈdeɪvɪd ““ipunchkidsz”*” ˈvɑrgəs (wɛst koʊst), wɪθ pleɪs goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈfroʊzən ənd ˈkɔri ““machiavelli”*” fildz (ist ənd wɛst ˈdəbəlz ˈfɪnɪʃt, raʊnd wən əv pulz ˈstɑrtɪd æt 4pm*. ðə ˈskɛʤʊl kənˈtɪnjud tɪ goʊ sˈmuðli, ənd moʊst pulz ˈʤɛnərəli wɛnt ɛz ˈsidɪd, wɪθ ə fju smɔl ˈəpˌsɛts hir ənd ðɛr. wɪθ 20 8 pleɪər pulz tɪ gɪt θru, pulz ˈɛndɪd æt əraʊnd 6pm*, ənd ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðə ˈvɛnju wɑz ˈrɛdi fər wən θɪŋ: ðə kru ðə ˈæməˌʧər ˈbrækɪt ənd səm proʊ ˈbrækɪt ˈmæʧɪz wər səˈpoʊzd tɪ rən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kru ˈbætəl, moʊst pleɪərz hæd ðɛr əˈtɛnʃən drɔn tɪ ðə ˈmæʧɪz. fər ðə fərst taɪm, ðə ˈvɛnju ˈtruli fɛlt ˈkraʊdɪd, ɛz tu θərdz əv ðə əˈtɛnˈdiz sərˈaʊndɪd ðə strim ˈsɛˌtəp tɪ wɔʧ ˈhɪstəri trænˈspaɪər. wɪθ iʧ kru ˈpʊtɪŋ 400 ɔn ðə laɪn, ðə ˈwɪnərz wʊd bi mɛt wɪθ mɔr ðən ʤɪst wət simd tɪ bi ðə ˈlaʊdəst ˈmoʊmənt ɪn piɛm ˈhɪstəri, ðə ˈtraɪˌsteɪt kru ˈimərʤd vɪkˈtɔriəs wɪθ 6 stɑks lɛft. ˌkælɪˈfɔrnjəz læst pleɪər tu stɑks wər noʊ mæʧ fər məˈsaɪə ““phresh”*” williams’*’ 4 ɛz tʊk aʊt wɪθ ˈoʊnli ə fju græb ˈsɛˌtəps ənd wɪθ aɪs kruz, məʧ əv ðə ˈvɛnju daɪd daʊn, əˈsaɪd frəm ðə ɔˈkeɪʒənəl haɪp mæʧ ɪn proʊ ˈbrækɪt. moʊst pleɪərz hæd lɛft ðə ˈvɛnju tɪ baɪ fud, stɛpt aʊt fər ə brɛθ əv frɛʃ ɛr, ər hæd ʤɪst ˈbeɪgən tɪ pleɪ fər ðə rɛst əv ðə naɪt. ɛz tɔp 8 əˈproʊʧt ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈvɛnju ˈlaɪvənd əp wɑz ɔˈrɛdi leɪt, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈmɪdˌnaɪt, bət ðə ˈvɛnju wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɛz əˈlaɪv ɛz ɪt wɑz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kru wər ˈoʊnli tu wɛst koʊst pleɪərz lɛft ɪn ðə ˈbrækɪt; ənd ʤeɪk ““venom”*” ˈhɛfnər. wɪθ tɔp pɪks laɪk ˈɑrʤən ““junebug”*” raʊ ənd ˈʤɑnəθən ““sosa”*” ˈsoʊsə aʊt ˌbiˈfɔr tɔp 8 ðə ˈbrækɪt wɑz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ hit ðə saɪd əv ðə ˈbrækɪt, wɛnt əp əˈgɛnst ˈæləks ““hyperflame”*” mɪˈreɪlɛs ˈæftər ˈteɪkɪŋ aʊt, ənd lɔst swɪʧ pleɪd əˈgɛnst braɪən ““dvd”*” ˈʃərbərt, ə ˈmæʧəp ðeɪ wər boʊθ juzd tɪ siɪŋ ɛz ðeɪ wər boʊθ frəm nu ˈʤərzi, ənd wən saɪd, nɪk ““flipp”*” bit ˈæftər hæd ʤɪst nɑkt ˈɪntu. ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd əv, ən ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd mæʧ wɑz əˈbaʊt tɪ teɪk pleɪs. ˈæftər ˈpleɪsɪŋ ɪn ˈdəbəlz ənd ˈoʊnli ˈteɪkɪŋ 3 stɑks ɪn ðə kru ˈbætəl, ˈvɛnəm wɑz nɑt ɪgˈzæktli ðə ˈfeɪvərɪt fər ˈsoʊkəl, bət hi feɪst ɔf əˈgɛnst, wən əv ðə bɛst pleɪərz hæd tɪ ˈɔfər. ˈæftər ə lɔŋ, ˌɪnˈtɛns sɛt, ˈvɛnəm ˈimərʤd vɪkˈtɔriəs, ˈbitɪŋ bæk tɪ saɪd, naʊ hæd tɪ pleɪ əˈgɛnst swɪʧ. bit swɪʧ ədˈvænsɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛmaɪz. ðə ˈəðər saɪd əv kˈwɔrtərz sɔ ˈvərsəz., wɪʧ wən wɪθ kwaɪt ən ˈəpˌsɛt. dɪˈfitɪd ɪn ɔn tɪ ˈfaɪnəlz, ˈvərsəz. ˈvɛnəm bɪˈgæn. ʃoʊd ˈvɛnəm waɪ hi wɑz ˈdɑməˌneɪtɪŋ ðə ist koʊst sin ənd wən ˈnɑkɪŋ ˈvɛnəm ˈɪntu ˈfaɪnəlz tɪ pleɪ əˈgɛnst. ˌɔlˈðoʊ hæd ˈʃoʊˌkeɪst hɪz ˈdɑmənəns ɪn ðə ˈfælkən piʧ ˈmæʧəp ɪn ðə kru ˈbætəl baɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ ˈvɛnəm, ˈvɛnəm wɑz sɛt ɔn ˈgɪtɪŋ ə əv ˈfaɪnəlz wɪθ. ðɪs taɪm, hi bit hɪz bɛst ˈɛfərt, ˈvɛnəm sɔ ə rɪˈpit əv ˈfaɪnəlz ənd lɔst ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈvɛnəm lɔst ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt, hi geɪnd mɔr feɪm ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv hɪz oʊn ˈriʤən, ənd wɑz naʊ kənˈsɪdərd ə bɪg θrɛt tɪ si ɪn ˌsupərˈnoʊvə rɪˈzəlts kən bi faʊnd ɔn ɪts peɪʤ hir wɪθ ˌsupərˈnoʊvə ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ə kloʊz, ðə sin wɛnt bæk tɪ ðɛr ˈstændərd ˈskɛʤʊl: ˈrənɪŋ ˈnɛbjələs ɪˈvɛnts, ˈhoʊstɪŋ fɛsts, ənd pərˈpɛrɪŋ fər ðə ˈnæʃənəlz. ðə nɛkst ˈnæʃənəl tɪ priˈpɛr fər wɑz wi tɛk ðoʊz 2 wɪʧ ənˈtɪl ˌʤuˈlaɪ 23rd*, ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə mɔr ðən 2 mənθs tɪ treɪn baɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ kru ˈbætəlz, ˈməni ˈmæʧɪz, ənd soʊ ðɪs greɪs ˈpɪriəd, ðə sin sɔ səm pleɪərz ˌɪmˈpruv ˈræpədli. səm əv ðiz ˌɪnˈklud ðə wʊlf meɪn dərt, noʊn fər hɪz ˈstaɪlɪʃ pleɪ, tɪ ənd sneɪk meɪn arr0w*, ˈmɛmbər ənd tun lɪŋk meɪn, ənd ˈkɑntɛnt ˈmænɪʤər ənd ˈzɛldə meɪn ˈɔlsoʊ sɔ ðə riˈlis əv jɛt əˈnəðər ə lɔŋ draʊt wɪθ noʊ ˈkɑrənt ˈræŋkɪŋ, ðɪs wɑz ə brɛθ əv frɛʃ ɛr, ɛz ðə sin hæd ˈklɪrli ʧeɪnʤd kwaɪt ə bɪt sɪns ðə læst. nu lɔŋ ˈaɪlənd pleɪərz, laɪk ˈbrɛnən ““bongo”*” ˈeɪvəri ənd ˈvɔrtɛks wər ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɔn ðə, waɪl meɪd ə traɪˈəmfənt rɪˈtərn æt wi tɛk ðoʊz 2 wɪʧ məʧ əv ðə sin hæd əˈtɛndəd, ənd ə ˈsəmər əv ˈtərnəmənts, ɪt wɑz taɪm fər əˈnəðər ˌɑrˈkeɪdiən. ɔn ˈɔgəst 6th*, ðə ˈnɛbjələs ˈsəmər ˌɑrˈkeɪdiən tʊk pleɪs. ðɪs taɪm, ðə ˌɑrˈkeɪdiən ˈɛndɪd wɪθ ə tɔp 3 əv dərt, ˈspɛnsər ““mr*. watch&learn”*” məˈglɑklən, ənd raɪən ““kunai”*” romanos*. ɛz əv naʊ, ðɪs ɪz ðə moʊst ˈrisənt ə ˈsizən əv ˈtərnəmənts, ən ˌɑrˈkeɪdiən, ənd wi tɛk ðoʊz 2 ðə ˈsəmər wɑz riˈlist wɪθ ən əˈkəmpəniɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ meɪd baɪ. ðɪs ˈræŋkɪŋ ɪz ˈkɑrənt ɛz əv ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, ðə ˈsəmər sɔ ðə raɪz əv mɔr lɔŋ ˈaɪlənd pleɪərz, laɪk ““mr*., ˈvɔrtɛks, ənd jəŋ kwɑf, ənd ðə raɪz əv mɔr pleɪərz, laɪk ənd ˈmɑksi. ðə tɔp 10 steɪd ˈrɛlətɪvli ðə ˈrisəntli, ˈnɛbjələs həz bɪn ˈhoʊstɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈwikliz. ðə moʊst ˈrisənt ˈmənθli wɑz schooled”*”, wɪʧ wɑz hɛld læst mənθ. ðə ɪˈvɛnt ˈfiʧərd ən ˈvərsəz. bullies”*” kru ˈbætəl. ðə strim fər ðə ɪˈvɛnt ˈfiʧərd ə fɔl θimd ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛm bɪld ənd ə skul θimd ˈoʊvərˌleɪ ɔn ðə ðə sin ˈstrɔŋgər ðən ˈɛvər, ənd ɪts ˈneɪbərɪŋ lɔŋ ˈaɪlənd sin groʊɪŋ ˈfæstər ənd ˈfæstər, noʊ ˈtɛlɪŋ ɪn stɔr nɛkst. pleɪərz frəm nu jɔrk laɪk dərt ənd ræz, ənd lɔŋ ˈaɪlənd pleɪərz laɪk ˈmɪstər. ənd ˈænθɔˌni "ænt" scoppio*, ər bɪˈkəmɪŋ mɔr noʊn ɔn ə ˈnæʃənəl skeɪl. məʧ əv ənd ər stɪl ˈæktɪv ənd ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ. nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə ˈkɑrənt paʊər ˈstrəgəl bɪtˈwin ənd, ənd ðə stɪl ˈæktɪv ˈnæʃənəl θrɛts laɪk ˈgæloʊ,, ˈfroʊzən, ənd deɪ, pleɪərz frəm ðə sin ər ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ, ənd ðɛr ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ ʃoʊ ðɪs ɔf æt oʊˈlɪmpəs ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd.
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photo credit: unrestrictedstock
image credit: billy "gp" hand
image credit: billy "gp" hand
image credit: billy "gp" hand
image credit: billy "gp" hand
image credit: billy "gp" hand
when project m ceased development on december 1st, 2015, much of the project m community's strength and confidence began to waver. players wondered if the game would die, if there would ever be another update, or if there would even be any more tournaments. amidst the confusion, many players took arms and refused to let their scenes, let alone their game, fade away. the determination of project m players has kept the game alive on its own (something they were already used to doing) for almost a full year now, and with what may be the largest project m tournament to date on the horizon, things are looking up.among all the smash scenes, one been a key factor in the survival of project m for several years. hosting some of the best players, one of the largest weeklies, and some of the most dedicated players, to’s, and viewers, the new york city scene has been asserting its dominance in the project m scene since 2.0.one of the earliest weeklies to feature project m was d’ron “d1” maingrette’s sudden death series, hosted at mage gaming (and later next level arcade), which ran side tournaments for project m version 2.0. at the time, project m was only just starting to gain notoriety, and most still didn’t know about its existence. while this meant a small attendance for most of the events, the players who did enter were there to stay.around this time, there was also a fairly large pm tournament hosted at the nyu game center. with only 15 entrants, this was fairly large for a project m 2.0 tournament. the event didn’t even have any pm dedicated setups, so the players had to wait for the brawl bracket to end at around midnight before they could even start playing. the winner of the pm bracket was jason “mew2king” zimmerman, with eli behind in second. eli’s placing at this tournament would set a trend for the nyc project m scene that would last until the release of project m 3.0.many of these players were from the nyc based crew free saltines (fs), who have been showcasing their skill since the first demo of project m . according to fs member anthony “gallo” gallo, fs isn’t “a ‘smash crew’. we are a crew that also plays some smash.” free saltines formed in 2013, when players christopher “gurukid” berrios, eli, gallo, leelue, doowop, and smko wanted to improve at pm. from there, more people were added to their crew, some of whom didn’t even play smash.it was at the sudden death series that nyc’s project m scene began to form. eli dominated the scene, with his only large contenders being the famous jason “mew2king” zimmerman and hendrick william “dj nintendo” pilar. after a long hold on project m in new york, sudden death stopped hosting the pm side events at around the release of version 2.6. the community did not take this loss lightly, and began searching for a new venue.on the evening of march 12th, 2014, 18 competitors gathered in a small gaming cafe in astoria, new york to compete in the first ever project m hype night. organized by tournament organizers anthony “gambit” king jr. and gurukid, this new series would set the story for nyc pm.despite the small, arguably worse venue, project m hype night began attracting more players than sudden death in no time. while most of the entrants at sudden death were just melee and brawl players entering for fun, pm hype night saw a new set of regulars who attended only to play pm. the event’s location and the hype surrounding the recent release of version 3.0 allowed for it to become the largest project m local in new york. each wednesday, 10 to 15 players would attend the events to prove themselves against the best nyc had to offer. this let players like gallo, jake “frozen” somma, stereokidd, and gurukid garner more attention as they tore through brackets to challenge eli and ninjalink for first place.right below the upper escalon of players, there were players who still attended every week, but couldn’t quite make it to a consistent top 5 placing. among these players were two members of fs: amine “darkblues” ridaoui, who had what seemed to be the best bowser in project m at the time, and cristian “narq” claros, with his technical lucas play.around this time, more smash players were hopping on to the project m bandwagon. players like john “john numbers” goldberg and dj nintendo attended the events and made a name for themselves in the project m scene.during the midst of all this, eli had decided to focus more on his academics and life, and stopped attending pm events. this let players like gallo and frozen truly begin to show off their skill, with gallo replacing eli as ninjalink’s rival, and frozen trailing not far behind. one step ahead of frozen, however, was john numbers, who was able to go compete with both ninjalink and gallo.the main to of the pm hype night events, gambit, was no stranger to running tournaments, so the bracket ran fast and efficiently, despite the venue not having nearly enough space or setups. gambit started his career as a to by hosting tournaments at his high school as fundraisers back in 2006. his experience, along with help and cooperation from the community, allowed for his tournaments to flourish.along with strong to’s, the tournament also hosted a fairly high quality stream. the stream was run by darkblues, who had previous experience streaming his own speedruns. although larger pm streamers like vgbootcamp were at a much higher quality, project m hype night’s streams were still higher quality than most streamers, and featured better players than most other tournaments. almost all vods from the stream were also uploaded onto this youtube channel , and are still avalibe today.although project m hype nights did see a period of growth, the tournament stagnated after a short while. the small venue wasn’t enough to hold all the players the event was attracting. the nyc scene needed a new venue, and they found their answer in a collectibles and gaming shop in chinatown.the new venue was originally acquired by popular nyc to jesse “hectohertz” hertz for hosting melee tournaments, but hertz also pushed for pm tournaments when he saw how badly the scene needed a new series. hertz welcomed the pm community with open arms, and gambit was back again as the main to of nyc pm events.on may 3rd, 2014, the first ever nebulous smash event was hosted, featuring both melee and project m. this event served as a new era for nyc smash, with a larger venue, a better location, and a new series all together. nebulous’ pm tournaments consistently received double what pm hype nights received, and on some nights, triple.with the stream helmed by darkblues, known previously for streaming beast mode, the event soon became well known to the pm community. every week, dozens of viewers would gather to watch some of new york’s best players play.at around this time, eli’s hiatus allowed for ninjalink to begin his reign over the nyc scene. aside from dropping a few tournaments to players like gallo and frozen, ninjalink won 6 nebulous pm tournaments, only stopping when smash 4 released on 3ds.during ninjalink’s reign, new players began to rise. a new crew, “ribb”, began to show off their skill, with nelson “moxie” matos, malachi, and cypher, their best players, making quick work of many players. despite ribb’s growing list of up and coming players, fs were still the dominant force in nyc.for a while, nebulous pm saw similar results every week. top 3 would usually consist of frozen, gallo, gurukid, stereokidd, and malachi. occasionally, new jersey would invade with players like michael “emukiller” silbernagel and take first place, but for the most part, the brackets and results were similar. attendance was stagnating at around 17 players each week, with no growth aside from the aforementioned new jersey invasions. that all changed, however, when ninjalink began playing again.for the first week, nyc saw a repeat of what happened during ninjalink’s reign. he won the tournament without dropping a set, with only gallo and frozen giving him trouble. players were ready for a repeat of what had happened months ago at pm hype nights and the first two months of nebulous pm.the next week, ninjalink showed up again, but the scene was thrown a curveball. a player by the name of jaden “jaden” carr (formerly known in the melee community as vanz) entered the bracket and won. fs was not present that week, so the only opposition jaden saw was ninjalink, who he dropped a set to in grand finals, but beat him 3-0 immediately after to take first place.the next week, fs was back, but there was also some other talent at the event. gallo ended up placing the highest of the fs players that week, with dj nintendo taking first, jaden taking second, and antoine “anther” sledge taking third. at this point, ninjalink had stopped attending nebulous again after only 2 weeks.at around this time, the large growth of the melee nebulous events had left the melee players with little space, making their decent sized venue seem incredibly cramped. a new venue was found in manhattan, able to accommodate up to 200 players, and nebulous was reborn as neo nebulous. with this move, project m at nebulous had one last hurrah before moving on to neo nebulous. this last tournament had 30 attendants, and saw participation from the likes of dj nintendo, jaden, gallo, frozen, and most of ribb. with the stream once again manned by darkblues, this event attracted a much larger viewer base than ever before. after almost a year of tournaments, it was time to move on.aside from two small side event brackets to test the waters (one of which saw gallo beating aaron “professor pro” thomas in winner’s finals, and again in grands), the first neo nebulous was hosted on february 16th, 2015, and had 28 entrants, with players from md/va and new jersey coming out for the opening event. this first tournament saw dj nintendo placing first, ahead of joseph “seagull joe” raucher and jaden.the player who seagull joe knocked out of winners was nicholas “boiko” boiko, a ness main from long island. boiko had attended one of the previous two side events for pm at neo nebulous, and had taken a set off of jaden. although boiko was able to make some strong upsets seemingly every bracket he entered, he wasn’t able to make it past 5th place for quite some time.at first, neo nebulous saw an average of about 30 players, but the scene was growing every event, and attendance from out of state players was becoming more and more common. one of the new regulars at nebulous was giuseppe “messi” messina. although he began attending nyc events before this, he also provided commentary at neo nebs pm events, which garnered him popularity as one of pm’s go-to commentators.his commentary first gained recognition at the pennsylvania tournament “shots fired”, where he covered top 8 for project m. messi was already known for his podcast “the salt mines”, which featured many good east coast project m players, and at shots fired, a special salt mines was held live. according to messi, everyone on the podcast that night, as well as mark “chibo” korsak (founder of clash tournaments), had heard his commentary on the grand finals for project m doubles that had happened earlier, and said “you’re sticking around tomorrow, and you’re doing top 8”. both messi and ahmed “apollo ali” ali akbar commentated top 8 the next day, solidifying them as one of pm’s best commentary duos.luckily, both messi and apollo were from nyc, so they often commentated the neo nebs streams together. this, along with the talent the events boasted and the stream quality, established the nebulous streams as one of the go to sources for project m footage, along with pmcentral.with the growth of nebulous, we also saw the growth of players. frozen now asserted his dominance in the scene, consistently beating the higher level players like jaden and gallo to take first at 2 tournaments in a row.during this high point in neo nebulous’ timeline, a player by the name of luis “raz” alonso began bringing his laptop and capture card to the events. his setup was used for large off stream matches or money matches, and is still used at nebulous to this day. all of the matches from his recordings have been uploaded to his youtube channel nyc’s project m tournaments saw yet another name change, with the neo nebulous pm weeklies being changed to simply nova. frozen continued to show dominance, winning the first nova over seagull joe. one player who was also becoming a larger threat at the time was malachi. malachi began to place within top 3 at the nova events, despite the increased talent attending every week.whilst nova continued to gain traction, an old fs player made his return. trent michael “zhime” moss, who rarely attended tournaments, became a regular at nova. his zelda tore through brackets, asserting himself as one of new york’s hidden bosses.with nova becoming one of the most popular project m weeklies, and the nyc scene gaining new players every week, nyc had become arguably the strongest project m region. it was at this point, when nyc pm was at its strongest, disaster struck.in april of 2015, the nebulous smash team was kicked out of their venue. without anywhere left to go, nyc smash hit a low point. the only tournament available for the project m players was “honor strength smash!”, a long island weekly. hss was hosted in a small venue, and they were not able to accommodate the new influx of players, making the tournaments run later than normal. that, combined with the train fare it took to get out to long island, made even hss seem like a poor option. with nowhere left to go, nyc pm was at a loss.in june of 2015, an indiegogo campaign for a new nebulous venue went up. the smash community got together and donated over $11,000, crushing the $9,000 goal. without missing a beat, nebulous began anew with a spacious new venue. it almost seemed like an improvement over the old one. the 4 month tournament drought was over, and nyc pm began to recover.during this drought, many nyc players were still attending tournaments, such as hss, or new jersey’s tournaments hosted at hitbox arena. this allowed for the first ever ny/nj power ranking to be made:the first event at the new nebulous venue was hosted on august 14th, 2016. with the new title of “nebulous prime”, the event garnered 60 entrants. despite the huge turnout, the results were that of a typical new york tournament: jaden first, zhime second, and malachi third. eli made a triumphant return after a year of seemingly no appearances, and placed fourth.after a few weeks, the attendance at nebulous prime dropped to about 30 to 40 people a week. with more time and space to run tournaments, nebulous prime began to experiment with both pools and an amatuer and pro bracket. if you finished 3rd or 4th in your pool, you moved on to the amateur bracket, where you would play against other players for a chance at free venue fee the next event. if you finished 1st or 2nd, you were put into the pro bracket, where you played against other players for a chance at the prize pot.although the somewhat inconsistent number of attendees didn’t permit for this style of tournament every week, it was done when possible and was met with positive feedback. many other project m tournaments, specifically large regionals and majors, have adopted this system.throughout the first 6 or 7 weeks of nebulous prime tournaments, the same 5 or 6 players finished at the top, but the order they were arranged in changed every week. malachi, frozen, gallo, zhime and jaden continued to beat each other in different sets, and trade off for first every week.with several weeks of nebulous tournaments, the results were available for a new power ranking- one made just for nyc players. with a pr panel made up of the best players and frequent attendees, this was the first ever nyc only pr:during this time, however, twitch.tv began to discourage project m from being streamed on their website. streaming the game was not against the website’s rules, but doing so was frowned upon for legal reasons. this made it impossible for project m streamers to get a sub button, making it impossible to make any money from streaming pm. this, combined with more legal issues, led to project m getting the cold shoulder at most majors. the pm scene didn’t see any more main events at tournaments, only side events that were streamed by a third party, or not streamed at all. while some streamers turned to patreon to make money, others turned to hitbox.tv, who had just recently opened up their policy on revenue sharing for streamers, making it easy to get a sub button on your channel. several rumors and ideas were thrown around about switching to hitbox.tv for project m streamers.this idea came to fruition on september 9th, 2015, with the creation of pmtv. pmtv, helmed by messi, was a group of the 8 most popular project m streamers, one of which was nebulous’ stream. this group was making the bold move to hitbox.tv, whether the rest of the community followed or not. luckily, hitbox.tv had saw this as an oppurtunity to grow, and accepted the project m community with open arms. this allowed for streaming project m to be a viable source of revenue for project m tournaments, and also led to several official partnered tournaments with hitbox.tv.the stream was run by local nyc falcon main mike “nox” gucciardo. nox frequently supplied a recording setup for important matches, and once darkblues saw his knowledge on streaming and media production, he handed the keys over to him. although darkblues was a great streamer, the quality that nox brought to the streams was a huge leap forward.with 2016 on the horizon, nebulous was growing more and more popular, and the tournaments reflected that. gambit had begun recruiting other players onto his task force of to’s, including gallo, raz, and frequent nebulous attendee kyle “arr0w” friedland, making the tournament run smoother than ever. gambit believed that “ it's important for us [nebulous] to continuously breed the feeling of community”, so many of the new to’s on the team were players who had simply offered to help out and showed their responsibility in the past.around this time, the second ny/nj power ranking was released. this version included less new jersey players, and more long island players. among the players on this pr, malachi, gurukid, and zubat all saw huge improvements in their placing:as the calendar moved forward, so did nebulous. on janurary 30th, 2016, nebulous announced an official partnership with hitbox.tv. from then on, every nebulous stream, including those for melee, was hosted on hitbox.tv, and several nebulous events were sponsored by hitbox.tv to allow a larger prize pot. one of these events was supernova, a pm national announced the same day as the hitbox partnership. supernova was to be held on april 16th, 2016. with that date in mind, players from all across the country began training to see what new york city had to offer.the nyc scene also needed training, however. in order to help prepare their non-pr’d players, the first ever nebulous arcadian was held on march 5th, 2016, one month before supernova. this tournament saw a top 3 that consisted of all long island players, with luke “yung quaff” ferris placing first, ben “vortex” geoghean placing second, and nicolas “little turtle” giuffrida placing third. most of top 8 was also comprised of li natives, with only 3 new york players (airex, royals, and koro) representing their region. this established long island players as some of the “hidden bosses” of new york, and proved that many li players could live up to the expectations put on them by the nyc scene.the one thing that every player will always remember from that first arcadian was the legendary commentary duo of boiko and long island fox main billy “gp” hand.after the arcadian, players went back to training, for the day of supernova was fast approaching. almost every nyc player was confirmed for the event, and other players from all around the country had also confirmed their attendance. players from tri-state, michigan, massachusetts, ohio, oklahoma, new jersey, maryland, virginia and new hampshire attended the event, just to name a few.however, many of these regions’ players were overshadowed by the west coast representatives. the east coast vs. west coast rivalry had its first real chance to blossom, in both bracket and crew battles. with 11 players representing california, an 8 vs. 8 crew battle between tri-state and california emerged.with tensions higher than ever, the fated day of april 16th finally came, and players lined up at the doors to nebulous at 10am. many players’ first (and only) impressions of the nebs venue came from this day, which started with an old caesar salad discarded on the ground by the door of the venue. despite the less than stellar presentation of the entrance, the inside left players in awe. attendees were greeted with friendliness and professionalism from the nebs to’s, and the welcoming aura of a venue full of setups, room, and couches. the tournament was already ready to begin, despite not actually starting for another hour.the event totalled at 164 entrants. there were some issues with players being sick, or not making it to the venue on time, as with any tournament, but the number competing remained over 150. the to’s were tasked with running a doubles bracket, singles round robin pools, a super smash sisters event and both amatuer and pro brackets for singles after pools, all within a span of about 14 hours.doubles bracket concluded around 3pm, with a top 3 of dustin “darc” hayes and anthony “slox” detres (east coast) for first, emukiller and kyle “switch” carlon (east coast), and tom “aero” silva and david “ipunchkidsz” vargas (west coast), with 4th place going to frozen and corey “machiavelli” fields (east and west coast).with doubles finished, round one of pools started at 4pm. the schedule continued to go smoothly, and most pools generally went as seeded, with a few small upsets here and there. with 20 8 player pools to get through, pools ended at around 6pm, and everyone in the venue was ready for one thing: the crew battle.although the amateur bracket and some pro bracket matches were supposed to run during the crew battle, most players had their attention drawn to the matches. for the first time, the venue truly felt crowded, as two thirds of the attendees surrounded the stream setup to watch history transpire. with each crew putting $400 on the line, the winners would be met with more than just glory.after what seemed to be the loudest moment in nyc pm history, the tristate crew emerged victorious with 6 stocks left. california's last player machiavelli’s two stocks were no match for messiah “phresh” williams’ 4, as phresh took out machiavelli’sysaur with only a few grab setups and re-grabs with ice climbers.after crews, much of the venue died down, aside from the occasional hype match in pro bracket. most players had left the venue to buy food, stepped out for a breath of fresh air, or had just begun to play friendlies for the rest of the night. as top 8 approached however, the venue livened up again.it was already late, almost midnight, but the venue was almost as alive as it was during the crew battle.there were only two west coast players left in the bracket; ipunchkidsz and jake “venom” hefner. with top picks like arjun “junebug” rao and jonathan “sosa” sosa out before top 8, the bracket was beginning to heat up.on the loser’s side of the bracket, ipunchkidsz went up against alex “hyperflame” mireles after taking out junebug, and lost 3-2. switch played against brian “dvd” sherbert, a matchup they were both used to seeing as they were both from new jersey, and won 3-0.on winner’s side, nick “flipp” flippides beat malachi 3-2, after malachi had just knocked junebug into loser’s. on the other side of winner’s, an unexpected match was about to take place. after placing 13th in doubles and only taking 3 stocks in the crew battle, venom was not exactly the favorite for socal, but he faced off against zhime, one of the best players nyc had to offer. after a long, intense set, venom emerged victorious, beating zhime 3-2.going back to loser’s side, malachi now had to play against switch. malachi beat switch 3-1, advancing to loser’s semis. the other side of loser’s quarters saw zhime vs. hyperflame, which hyperflame won 3-1 with quite an upset. malachi defeated hyperflame 3-2 in loser’s semis.moving on to winner’s finals, flipp vs. venom began. flipp showed venom why he was dominating the east coast scene and won 3-1, knocking venom into loser’s finals to play against malachi. although malachi had showcased his dominance in the falcon peach matchup in the crew battle by eliminating venom, venom was set on getting a runback of winner’s finals with flipp. this time, he beat malachi 3-0.despite his best effort, venom saw a repeat of winner’s finals and lost 3-1. even though venom lost the tournament, he gained more fame outside of his own region, and was now considered a big threat to see in bracket.all supernova results can be found on its smash.gg page here with supernova coming to a close, the nyc scene went back to their standard schedule: running nebulous events, hosting fests, and preparing for the nationals. the next national to prepare for was we tech those 2, which wasn’t until july 23rd, giving the nyc more than 2 months to train by organizing crew battles, money matches, and so on.during this grace period, the scene saw some players improve rapidly. some of these include the wolf main dirt, known for his stylish play, nebs to and snake main arr0w, ribb member and toon link main zork, and content manager and zelda main raz.we also saw the release of yet another pr:after a long drought with no current ranking, this was a breath of fresh air, as the scene had clearly changed quite a bit since the last pr. new long island players, like brennan “bongo” avery and vortex were included on the pr, while zhime made a triumphant return at 5thafter we tech those 2, which much of the nyc scene had attended, and a summer of tournaments, it was time for another arcadian. on august 6th, the nebulous summer arcadian took place. this time, the arcadian ended with a top 3 of dirt, spencer “mr. watch&learn” mclaughlin, and ryan “kunai” romanos. as of now, this is the most recent arcadian.*with a season of tournaments, an arcadian, and we tech those 2, the summer pr was released with an accompanying video made by nox. this ranking is current as of now:released in september, the summer pr saw the rise of more long island players, like “mr. watch&learn, vortex, and yung quaff, and the rise of more nyc players, like zork and moxie. the top 10 stayed relatively the same.most recently, nebulous has been hosting project m monthlies along with weeklies. the most recent monthly was “get schooled”, which was held last month. the event featured an 5v5 “nerds vs. bullies” crew battle. the stream for the event featured a fall themed project m build and a school themed overlay on the stream.with the nyc scene stronger than ever, and its neighboring long island scene growing faster and faster, no telling what’s in store next. players from new york like dirt and raz, and long island players like mr. watch&learn and anthony "ant" scoppio, are becoming more known on a national scale. much of fs and ribb are still active and improving. not to mention the current power struggle between malachi and jaden, and the still active national threats like gallo, gurukid, frozen, and zhime.every day, players from the nyc scene are improving, and they're looking to show this off at olympus this weekend.
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sɛn. ænˈtoʊnioʊ riˈlist ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈvɪdioʊ ənd ˈɑdiˌoʊ rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz tɪ pruv ðət ə ˈwʊmən, hu kleɪmd tɪ bi ə ˈvɛndər, wɑz nɑt koʊərst ˈɪntu səˈpoʊzədli ˈlɪŋkɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt rəˈdrigoʊ ˈɪntu ˌɪˈligəl drəgz. ðɪs wɑz ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃən əv ə ˈsərtən, ɛz ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ səm ˈmidiə ˈaʊtˌfɪts, ðət ʃi wɑz ˈprɛʃərd baɪ trillanes’*’ grup tɪ ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt. ““unang-una*, koʊ jəŋ nɑ nɑ nɑ taʊ. ˈhɪndi poʊ yan,”*,” ðə ˈsɛnətər sɛd æt ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt. poʊ ˈiˌtoʊ eɪ sɑ ɑˈmin ɪŋ nɑ dɔ nɑ ˈleɪbən keɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt duterte.”*.” əv ɔl, dɪˈnaɪɪŋ ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃən əv ˈbraɪbəri ðət ðɪs ˈpərsən həz bɪn seɪɪŋ. nɑt tru. ju noʊ, ðɪs ˈpərsən sɛnt ˈjuˈɛs ə ˈmɛsɪʤ ðət ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈnɛgətɪv wʊd bi sɛd əˈgɛnst ˈprɛzɪdənt duterte.“*.“) soʊ ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 2016 sɛd hɪz stæf mɛt wɪθ ənd pɑrt əv ðə ˈmitɪŋ wɑz kɔt ɪn ə ˈvɪdioʊ ðət hi pleɪd æt ðə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns. ɪn ðə ˈvɪdioʊ, kʊd bi hərd ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt drugs”*” ənd səˈpoʊzədli siɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf æt ə pɪr wɛr ˌɪˈligəl drəgz wər biɪŋ ʃɪpt. æst haʊ ðə ˈwʊmən wʊd seɪ əˈgɛnst, sɛd: (barrido*) nɑ dɔ sɑ meɪ pɪr nɑ meɪ ˈkɑrˌgoʊ ˈʃɪpmənt dɔ. si dɔ æŋ ɪŋ koʊˈkeɪn. dɔ. sɑ næŋ yan.”*.” sɛd ʃi sɔ ɪm æt ðə pɪr wɛr ðɛr wɑz ə ˈkɑrˌgoʊ ˈʃɪpmənt. ðɛn ɪt wɑz hɪmˈsɛlf hu ʧɛkt ðə koʊˈkeɪn. hi ˈteɪstɪd ɪt. ðɪs ɔl keɪm frəm her.”*.”) ““willingly*. ˈhɪndi koʊərst. ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈɑbviəsli wɑz nɑt biɪŋ fɛd tɪ hər. voluntarily,”*,” ˈædɪd. sɛd ɪt ˈwɪlɪŋli. ʃi wɑz nɑt koʊərst. ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈɑbviəsli wɑz nɑt biɪŋ fɛd tɪ hər. ʃi sɛd ɪt voluntarily.”*.”) ɪn əˈnəðər ˈɑdiˌoʊ rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ, ðə ˈsɛnətər sɛd, hɪz stæf kʊd bi hərd ˈtɛlɪŋ ðə ˈwʊmən ðət ðeɪ hæv ˈməni tɪ peɪ hər. hi sɛd wən əv hɪz stæf ˈmɛmbərz ˈivɪn ʤoʊkt ðət ðeɪ kʊd ˈoʊnli gɪv loʊd fər hər ˈsɛlfoʊn. sɛd wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈæskɪŋ ˈməni səˈpoʊzədli fər ðə əˈlaʊəns əv hər grup. ˈæftər ˈvɛtɪŋ, ðə ˈsɛnətər sɛd ðeɪ rɪˈʤɛktɪd ɛz ə ˈkrɛdəbəl ˈwɪtnəs, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ˌɪŋˈkɑnsɪˌstɛnsiz ɪn hər ˈsteɪtmənts. ˈsaɪtɪd ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl ðə kleɪm ðət ʃi wɑz ˈsɛlɪŋ wɪn ʃi sɔ əˈlɛʤədli ˈʧɛkɪŋ koʊˈkeɪn æt ðə pɪr. dɔ jəŋ nɑ jən dɔ ɪŋ balut,”*,” sɛd. meɪ nɑ. sɑ ˈlugər nɑ kəŋ meɪ ˈækˌsɛs nɑ æt meɪ dən. æt ˈhɪndi, wala.”*.” sɛd ʃi sɔ ðə ˈɪnsədənt bɪˈkəz ʃi wɑz ˈsɛlɪŋ. ə ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ðət əˈloʊn. ðɛn wi lʊk æt ðə pleɪs ʃi wɑz rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ tɪ si ɪf ʃi hæd ˈækˌsɛs, bɪˈkəz wi noʊ ˈsəmˌwən ðɛr. bət ðɛr wɑz noʊ access.“*.“) nɑt seɪɪŋ ɪt dɪd tɪ ˈhæpən, bət ˈbeɪsɪkli ʃi dɪd nɑt pæs ðə ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti test,”*,” hi ˈædɪd. ɪn ˈhaɪnˌsaɪt, sɛd kʊd hæv bɪn ˈplænɪd baɪ grup tɪ bərn ɪm. ə ˌprɑpəˈgændə geɪm ðət pleɪɪŋ, bət goʊɪŋ tɪ bərn ðɛm ɛz duɪŋ now,”*,” ðə ˈsɛnətər sɛd. ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈmændɪd ə ˈpəblɪk əˈpɑləˌʤi frəm ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ənd ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈæŋkər ˈərˌwɪn ənd 5 fər əˈkjuzɪŋ ɪm əv ˈbraɪbɪŋ ˈwɪtnəsɪz. /ˈeɪˌtiˈɛm səbˈskraɪb tɪ ˌɪnkˈwaɪrər pləs tɪ gɪt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈfɪləˌpin ˈdeɪli ˌɪnkˈwaɪrər ˈəðər 70 ˈtaɪtəlz, ʃɛr əp tɪ 5 ˈgæʤəts, ˈlɪsən tɪ ðə nuz, ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ɛz ˈərli ɛz ʃɛr ˈɑrtɪkəlz ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. kɔl 896 6000
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sen. antonio trillanes iv released on thursday video and audio recordings to prove that a woman, who claimed to be a balut vendor, was not coerced into supposedly linking president rodrigo duterte into illegal drugs.
this was contrary to the allegation of a certain guillermina barrido, as reported by some media outfits, that she was pressured by trillanes’ group to testify against the president.
“unang-una, pinabubulaanan ko yung mga alegasyon na panunuhol na sinasabi nitong lumabas na tao. hindi po totoo yan,” the senator said at a news conference in the senate. “alam niyo po itong taong ito ay nagparating sa amin ng mensahe na meron daw syang sasabihin na negatibo laban kay president duterte.”
(“first of all, i’m denying the allegation of bribery that this person has been saying. that’s not true. you know, this person sent us a message that something negative would be said against president duterte.“)
so in november 2016, trillanes said his staff met with barrido and part of the meeting was caught in a three-minute video that he played at the news conference.
in the video, barrido could be heard talking about “party drugs” and supposedly seeing duterte himself at a pier where illegal drugs were being shipped.
asked how the woman would say against duterte, trillanes said: “sinabi niya (barrido) na nakita daw niya sa may pier na may cargo shipment daw. tapos si duterte daw mismo ang nag-check ng cocaine. tinikman daw. sa kanya lahat nang nanggalign yan.”
(“she said she saw him at the pier where there was a cargo shipment. then it was duterte himself who checked the cocaine. he tasted it. this all came from her.”)
“willingly. hindi naman siya coerced. tapos the information obviously was not being fed to her. sinasabi niya voluntarily,” trillanes added.
(“she said it willingly. she was not coerced. the information obviously was not being fed to her. she said it voluntarily.”)
in another audio recording, the senator said, his staff could be heard telling the woman that they did’t have money to pay her. he said one of his staff members even joked that they could only give barrido load for her cellphone.
trillanes said barrido was also asking money supposedly for the allowance of her group.
after vetting, the senator said they rejected barrido as a credible witness, citing inconsistencies in her statements.
trillanes cited as an example the woman’s claim that she was selling balut when she saw duterte allegedly checking cocaine at the pier.
“nakita daw niya yung insidente na yun dahil nagbebenta daw siya ng balut,” trillanes said. “yun palang medyo may problema na. tapos tiningnan namin sa lugar na sinabi niya kung may access na ganun at may mga kakilala naman kami dun. at hindi, wala.”
(“she said she saw the incident because she was selling balut. there’s a problem with that alone. then we look at the place she was referring to to see if she had access, because we know someone there. but there was no access.“)
“i’m not saying it did to happen, but basically she did not pass the credibility test,” he added.
in hindsight, trillanes said barrido could have been planted by duterte’s group to burn him.
“it’s a propaganda game that they’re playing, but i’m going to burn them as i’m doing now,” the senator said.
trillanes also demanded a public apology from radio and tv anchor erwin tulfo and radyo 5 for accusing him of bribing witnesses. /atm
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səˈpɔrt fər fri spiʧ ɪz ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ dˈwɪndəl ɪn ˈsɪləkən ˈvæli, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ waɪərd, hu kleɪm ðət ˈmeɪʤər tɛk ˈkəmpəˌniz ər ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ daʊt ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt. ðə ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ə ˈsərvɪs wɪθ 700 ˈmɪljən ˈjuzərz, ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ðət ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðə bəˈnɛvələnt ˈdɪkteɪtər əv ə ˈkəntri mɔr ðən twaɪs ðə saɪz əv ðə us,”*,” dɪˈklɛrd waɪərd ɪn ðɛr ˈproʊˌfaɪl əv ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈkɛvɪn ðɪs wik. ˈʧɔɪsɪz hi meɪks əˈfɛkt ðə lɪvz əv ɔl hɪz əv hum ər ˈɪnsəkjər tinz, səm əv hum ər ˈædəlts, səm əv hum ər ˈædvərˌtaɪzərz, ənd səm əv hum ər pɑp ˈsɪŋərz ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ən ˌɪnˈfɛˈsteɪʃən əv snakes.”*.” ðə ˈproʊˌfaɪl kənˈtɪnjud tɪ kleɪm ðət səˈpɔrt fər fri spiʧ wɑz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ ʃɪft ɪn ˈsɪləkən ˈvæli, wɛr ˈkəmpəˌniz ər naʊ ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ daʊt ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt ənd teɪk ə mɔr kənˈtroʊld stæns ˈoʊvər spiʧ. 2012 ən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv æt [tˈwɪtər] rɪˈfərd tɪ ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm ɛz ðə spiʧ wɪŋ əv ðə fri spiʧ party.’*.’ naʊ ðət ˈpɪriəd ɪn ˈkɔrpərət ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm lʊks laɪk ə ˈmoʊmənt əv naɪiv aɪˈdilɪzəm: ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv jəŋ mɛn hu ˌəndərˈstænd ðə dɛpθs tɪ wɪʧ ˈsɛksɪzəm, ənd ˈmeɪbi ˈivɪn ˈfæˌʃɪzəm, lərk wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈjumən id,”*,” waɪərd kleɪmd. ðɛn, kɔlz fər fri spiʧ keɪm frəm ˈpipəl hu ˈwɔntɪd tɪ brɪŋ daʊn dɪkˈteɪtərˌʃɪps. naʊ ðeɪ sim tɪ kəm frəm ˈpipəl dɪˈmændɪŋ ðə raɪt tɪ seɪ ˈreɪsɪst stəf wɪˈθaʊt biɪŋ kɔld racist.”*.” soʊ ðə ˈnoʊʃən əv fri spiʧ ɪz ˈʃɪftɪŋ æt ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət rən ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. ˈfeɪsˌbʊk hæd ə ˈrɛkənɪŋ ˈæftər fɔls ˈstɔriz ɔn ɪts nuz spiʧ, ɪn ə hæv hɛlpt ɪˈlɛkt ˈdɑnəld trump,”*,” ðeɪ kənˈtɪnjud. nɑt koʊˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ʧeɪnʤd ɪts ˈmɪʃən ˈsteɪtmənt ðɪs pæst june.”*.”, ˈprɪti ˈsɪmpəl: ˈfridəm əv spiʧ dɪz nɑt min ðə ˈfridəm tɪ shitpost,”*,” waɪərd proʊˈkleɪmd. ˈnɛtˌwərk ə ˈpəblɪk skwɛr; ə ˈplætˌfɔrm ˈpipəl kən ʧuz tɪ juz ər not.”*.” wɪn wɑz æst əˈbaʊt fri spiʧ, ðə ˈsiˌiˈoʊ rɪˈpɔrtədli rɪˈplaɪd: ɪt fri spiʧ tɪ ʤɪst bi min tɪ someone?”*?” ˈnɪki ˈʤæksən colaco*, dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈpɑləsi, ˈɔlsoʊ kleɪmd, tɑkˈsɪsəti ɔn ə ˈplætˌfɔrm gɪts soʊ bæd ðət ˈpipəl ˈivɪn wɔnt tɪ poʊst ə ˈkɑmɛnt, ðeɪ ˈivɪn wɔnt tɪ ʃɛr ən aɪˈdiə, ˈæˌkʧuəli θˈrɛtənd expression.”*.” ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, səˈspɛndɪd ˈpɑpjələr kənˈsərvətɪv ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər ənd ˈɔθər ˈlɔrən ˈsəðərn ˌbiˈfɔr rɪˈstɔrɪŋ hər əˈkaʊnt əraʊnd ˈsɛvən aʊərz ˈleɪtər. ðə əˈkaʊnt wɑz ˈoʊnli rɪˈstɔrd ˈæftər tɛk riʧt aʊt tɪ fər ˈkɑmɛnt, ˈprɑmptɪŋ ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə ˈkəmpəˌni tɪ kleɪm ðeɪ hæd səˈspɛndɪd hər account.”*.” ˈpɛrənt ˈkəmpəˌni ˈfeɪsˌbʊk, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, həz ˈpriviəsli səˈspɛndɪd ˈsəðərn ɪn ““error,”*,” waɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bænd ðə ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər læst mənθ, ˈkleɪmɪŋ hər wərk kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli gɪt ˈpipəl kɪld. ˈʧɑrli næʃ ɪz ə rɪˈpɔrtər fər tɛk. ju kən ˈfɑloʊ ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər ər laɪk hɪz peɪʤ æt ˈfeɪsˌbʊk.
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support for free speech is starting to dwindle in silicon valley, according to wired, who claim that major tech companies are starting to doubt the concept.
“as the ceo of a service with 700 million users, systrom recognizes that he’s something like the benevolent dictator of a country more than twice the size of the us,” declared wired in their profile of instagram ceo kevin systrom this week. “the choices he makes affect the lives of all his users—some of whom are insecure teens, some of whom are well-adjusted adults, some of whom are advertisers, and some of whom are pop singers dealing with an infestation of snakes.”
the profile continued to claim that support for free speech was beginning to shift in silicon valley, where companies are now starting to doubt the concept and take a more controlled stance over speech.
“in 2012, an executive at [twitter] referred to the platform as the ‘free speech wing of the free speech party.’ now that period in twitter’s corporate lifetime looks like a moment of naive idealism: the creation of young men who didn’t understand the depths to which sexism, and maybe even fascism, lurk within the human id,” wired claimed. “back then, calls for free speech came from people who wanted to bring down dictatorships. now they seem to come from people demanding the right to say racist stuff without being called racist.”
“and so the notion of free speech is shifting at the companies that run the internet. facebook had a reckoning after false stories on its news feed—free speech, in a sense—may have helped elect donald trump,” they continued. “perhaps not coincidentally, the company changed its mission statement this past june.”
“to systrom, it’s pretty simple: freedom of speech does not mean the freedom to shitpost,” wired proclaimed. “his network isn’t a public square; it’s a platform people can choose to use or not.”
when systrom was asked about free speech, the ceo reportedly replied: “is it free speech to just be mean to someone?”
nicky jackson colaco, instagram’s director of policy, also claimed, “if toxicity on a platform gets so bad that people don’t even want to post a comment, they don’t even want to share an idea, you’ve actually threatened expression.”
on tuesday, instagram suspended popular conservative commentator and author lauren southern before restoring her account around seven hours later.
the account was only restored after breitbart tech reached out to instagram for comment, prompting a spokesman for the company to claim they had “mistakenly suspended her account.”
instagram’s parent company facebook, however, has previously suspended southern in “error,” while patreon also banned the commentator last month, claiming her work could potentially get people killed.
charlie nash is a reporter for breitbart tech. you can follow him on twitter @mrnashington or like his page at facebook.
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ə ˈtɑdlər ɪz dɛd ˈæftər ə trɪp tɪ ə nɔrθ ˈɔstən ˈdɛntɪsts ˈɔfəs. ˈdeɪzi lɪn ˈtɔˌrɛz stɑpt ˈbriðɪŋ ənd daɪd ə fju aʊərz ˈleɪtər. ɑr ʃoʊz ˈjuˈɛs haʊ wəts biɪŋ kɔld ə ruˈtin prəˈsiʤər ˈɛndɪd ɪn ðə wərst əv weɪz. ˈɔstən, ˈtɛksəs ðɛrz noʊ peɪn laɪk ˈluzɪŋ ə ʧaɪld. fər ðə ˈtɔˌrɛz ˈfæməli, ðət ʧaɪld ɪz ˈdeɪzi lɪn. ˈərli ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ˈdeɪzi wɑz brɔt tɪ ˈɔstən ˈʧɪldrənz ˈdɛntɪstri, fər ə prəˈsiʤər ðə ˈɔfəs sɪz wɑz ruˈtin. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wən ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbər, ˈdeɪzi wɑz ˈgɪtɪŋ ə ˈkævəti fɪld. ˈsɛrə ˈmɑrʃəl, ə ˈspoʊkspərsən fər ðə ˈbɪznɪs, sɛd boʊθ ðə ˈdɛntɪst ənd ðə ˌænəsˌθiziˈɑləʤɪst wər ɪn ðə rum fər ðə prəˈsiʤər æt ðə ˈɔfəs, ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd æt 15201 draɪv. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə prəˈsiʤər, ˈdeɪzi stɑpt ˈbriðɪŋ ənd wɑz rəʃt baɪ ˈæmbjələns tɪ nɔrθ ˈɔstən ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsɛnər. "ðɛr wɑz ə ˈmɛdɪkəl kənˈdɪʃən wɛr ðə ʧaɪld ˈnidɪd tɪ bi trænˈspɔrtəd," sɛd ˈmɑrʃəl. ðæts wɛr ˈdeɪzi lɔst hər faɪt. əˈnəðər ˈdɛntɪst ɪn ðə toʊld taɪm ˈwɔrnər ˈkeɪbəl nuz ðət ɪt wʊd ˈlaɪkli bi ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ fɪl ə ˈkævəti ɔn ə wɪˈθaʊt ˌænɪsˈθiˌʒiə, ˈsɪmpli bɪˈkəz ˈbeɪbiz kænt sɪt stɪl ɪˈnəf. "ðɪs ɪz ə ˈtræʤədi, ɪts ˈvɛri əpˈsɛtɪŋ wɪθ ðə lɔs əv ˈɛni laɪf ənd əˈspɛʃəli wɪθ səʧ ə jəŋ ʧaɪld," sɛd ˈmɑrʃəl. "ðə stæf hir ɪz ˈvɛri dɪˈstrɔt." ˈdeɪziz ˈfæməli sɪz ðə peɪn ɪz tu frɛʃ tɪ dɪˈskəs ɔn ˈkæmərə. bət nuz spoʊk wɪθ hər ɔnt ˈoʊvər ðə foʊn, hu θru tɪrz, sɛd ˈdeɪzi wɑz ə ˈhæpi ənd ˈhɛlθi ˈbeɪbi. ˈbɛti ˈtɔˌrɛz, ˈdeɪziz ˈməðər, riˈlist ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈsteɪtmənt: "ʃi wɑz ðə sˈwitəst, moʊst ˈprɛʃəs, ˈbjutəfəl ˈbeɪbi ðət ˈɛvriˌwən nu, ənd ʃi brɔt soʊ məʧ ʤɔɪ tɪ ˈɛvriˌwən. ʃi wɑz soʊ ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt. ʃi wɑz 14 mənθs oʊld ənd ɔˈrɛdi nu hər ˈeɪˌbiˌsiz ənd nu haʊ tɪ sɪŋ 'tˈwɪŋkəl tˈwɪŋkəl ˈlɪtəl stɑr.' ʃi wɑz ə strɔŋ ˈbeɪbi gərl, bət wət ðeɪ dɪd tɪ hər wɑz tu məʧ ɔn hər ˈlɪtəl hɑrt, ənd ðeɪ tʊk hər laɪf." ðə ˈtɛksəs bɔrd əv ˈmɛdɪkəl ɪgˈzæmɪnərz həz ˈbeɪgən ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ðət kʊd teɪk tu ər θri jɪrz. ɪf ðə bɔrd filz ˈəðər ˈpeɪʃənz kʊd bi æt rɪsk, ðə ˈdɛntɪsts ˈlaɪsəns kʊd bi səˈspɛndɪd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. "wɪn ˌænɪsˈθiˌʒiə ɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd, ə ˈnəmbər əv θɪŋz kʊd hæv ˈteɪkən pleɪs," sɛd ˈmɑrʃəl. ðə ˈtrævɪs ˈkaʊnti ˈmɛdɪkəl ɪgˈzæmənər pərˈfɔrmd ən ˈɔˌtɑpsi ɔn ˈdeɪzi ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. raɪt naʊ, ðə ɪgˈzækt kɔz əv hər dɛθ ɪz ˈpɛndɪŋ. ðə neɪm əv ðə ˈdɛntɪst ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪz nɑt biɪŋ riˈlist. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈdɛntəl ɪgˈzæmɪnərz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈækʃən ˈlɪstɪd fər ˈɛni əv ðə ˈdɛntɪsts ˈkərəntli æt ˈɔstən ˈʧɪldrənz ˈdɛntɪstri. ðə ˈdɛntəl ˈɔfəs həz bɪn ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ fər 40 jɪrz ənd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz seɪ ðɪs ɪz ðə fərst ˈɪnsədənt əv ɪts kaɪnd. tɛkst əˈlərts saɪn əp fər ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈəpˌdeɪts ˈfæməli ənd frɛndz əv ðə ˈtɔˌrɛz' hæv sɛt əp ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ əˈkaʊnts ɔn ənd tɪ hɛlp wɪθ fˈjunərəl ɪkˈspɛnsɪz. wɪl brɪŋ ju mɔr ˈəpˌdeɪts ɔn ðɪs dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈstɔri raɪt hir ɔn nuz. ˈrisɔrsɪz ˈvɪzɪt ðə ˈtɛksəs steɪt bɔrd əv ˈdɛntəl ɪgˈzæmɪnərz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt tɪ ˌrivˈju ðə ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈrɛkərdz əv jʊr ˈdɛntɪst ər ˌhaɪˈgɛnɪst. ˈfɑloʊ rɪˈpɔrtər ɔn tˈwɪtər fər mɔr ɔn ðɪs ˈstɔri. ʤɔɪn ðə dɪˈskəʃən ˈfɑloʊ nuz ˈɔstən ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər
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a toddler is dead after a trip to a north austin dentist's office. daisy lynn torres stopped breathing and died a few hours later. our stef manisero shows us how what's being called a routine procedure ended in the worst of ways.
austin, texas -- there's no pain like losing a child. for the torres family, that child is 14-month-old daisy lynn.
early tuesday morning, daisy was brought to austin children's dentistry, for a procedure the office says was routine. according to one family member, daisy was getting a cavity filled.
sarah marshall, a spokesperson for the business, said both the dentist and the anesthesiologist were in the room for the procedure at the office, located at 15201 hymeadow drive.
during the procedure, daisy stopped breathing and was rushed by ambulance to north austin medical center.
"there was a medical condition where the child needed to be transported," said marshall.
that's where daisy lost her fight.
another dentist in the austin-area told time warner cable news that it would likely be impossible to fill a cavity on a 14-month-old without anesthesia, simply because babies can't sit still enough.
"this is a tragedy, it's very upsetting with the loss of any life and especially with such a young child," said marshall. "the staff here is very distraught."
daisy's family says the pain is too fresh to discuss on camera. but twc news spoke with her aunt over the phone, who through tears, said daisy was a happy and healthy baby.
betty torres, daisy's mother, released the following statement:
"she was the sweetest, most precious, beautiful baby that everyone knew, and she brought so much joy to everyone. she was so intelligent. she was 14 months old and already knew her abcs and knew how to sing 'twinkle twinkle little star.' she was a strong baby girl, but what they did to her was too much on her little heart, and they took her life."
the texas board of medical examiners has begun an investigation that could take two or three years. if the board feels other patients could be at risk, the dentist's license could be suspended immediately.
"when anesthesia is involved, a number of things could have taken place," said marshall.
the travis county medical examiner performed an autopsy on daisy wednesday.
right now, the exact cause of her death is pending.
the name of the dentist involved is not being released. according to the dental examiners website, there is no disciplinary action listed for any of the dentists currently at austin children's dentistry.
the dental office has been operating for 40 years and representatives say this is the first incident of its kind.
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family and friends of the torres' have set up fundraising accounts on gofundme and youcaring to help with funeral expenses.
we'll bring you more updates on this developing story right here on twc news.
-- resources --
visit the texas state board of dental examiners website to review the disciplinary records of your dentist or hygienist.
follow reporter stef manisero on twitter for more on this story.
--- join the discussion --
follow twc news austin on facebook & twitter
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wən əv ðə ˈmɪstəriz əv maɪ laɪf ɪz waɪ mɔr ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ɛz ˈfɔrʧənət ɛz maɪn. nɑt wən ˈstɑˌplaɪt ər ˈivɪn ə stɑp saɪn dɪˈstɔrts ðə draɪv θru ɑr kəˈmərʃəl zoʊn. fər goʊɪŋ ɔn ˈsɛvən jɪrz, bərd rɑk həz pərˈfɔrmd ɪn ə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ˈpaɪlət ðət, ɪn maɪ vju ˈɛniˌweɪ, kʊd nɑt bi mɔr səkˈsɛsfəl. ɪn ə fɔrm əv ˈæsˌfɔlt ˈælkəmi, faɪv ˈmeɪʤər ənd ˈsɛvərəl sˈmɔlər wənz hæv tərnd laɪts ˈɪntu goʊld. wət wɑz wəns ə four-lane*, ˈspidˌweɪ ɪz naʊ ðə ˈkɑməst, ˈklinəst ənd ˈprɪtiəst strɛʧ əv kəˈmərʃəl roʊd ɪn sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ˈkaʊnti. əˈbaʊt ˈviɪkəlz ˈdeɪli pæs θru bərd rɑk, ən ɪˈklɛktɪk ˈɛnˌkleɪv bɪtˈwin ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn lɑ ˈʤoʊlə ənd pəˈsɪfɪk biʧ. bət ðə θɪŋ. ˈviɪkəlz draɪv məʧ sloʊər ðən ˌbiˈfɔr, bət ɔn ˈævərɪʤ ðeɪ gɪt θru ˈfæstər. ə ˈkəpəl əv jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ðə tim ɔn ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri ˈʧænəl kənˈdəktəd ə ˈrilˌwərld tɛst ənd faʊnd 20 pərˈsɛnt mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt ðən stɑps. ðə ˈraʊndəˌbaʊt ˈpɛrəˌdɑks sloʊər ˈdraɪvɪŋ, ˈfæstər ˈtrævəl ɪz ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ˌnɑnˈstɑp ɪn bərd rɑk. ʧək ˈpætən, ˈoʊnər əv ðə bərd rɑk ˈkɔfi ˈroʊstərz, həz ə vju əv haʊ hɪz naʊ ˈsəðərn strɛʧ əv lɑ ˈʤoʊlə ˈbʊləˌvɑrd həz bɪn trænsˈfɔrmd. tɪ ˈpætən, huz ˈbɪznɪs ˈpriˈdeɪts ðə baɪ ə jɪr ər tu, ðə ɛsˈθɛtɪk ɛnˈhænsmənt ɪz wən θɪŋ ðə ˈlænˌskeɪpɪŋ ɪz ˈgɔrʤəs bət ˈpɑzətɪv ʧeɪnʤ kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈmɛʒərd ɪn ˈdɛsəbəlz ənd sʊt. ɪn ðə oʊld ˈstɑˌplaɪt deɪz, ˈviɪkəlz wʊd gən ðɛr ˈmoʊtərz ɛz ðeɪ traɪd tɪ meɪk ə ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ laɪt, hi tɛlz mi. ɪgˈzɔst wʊd ˈbɪloʊ ˈɪntu hɪz ʃɑp dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt baɪ ˈoʊpən ˈwɪndoʊz. fallout,”*,” ˈpætən kɔlz nɔɪz ənd pəˈluʃən. mɔr, ˈsɪriəs ˈæksədənts ər ə θɪŋ əv ðə ˈdɪstənt pæst. ˈpɑrtli ˈfɪzɪks. kɑz ˈɛnər æt ən ˈæŋgəl, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈsɪriəs ˈæksədənts ˈvərʧuəli ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl. bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɑrtli saɪˈkɑləʤi. ˌrikˈwaɪər fʊl ˈdraɪvər əˈtɛnʃən, ˈbrɪŋɪŋ aʊt ðə bɛst ɪn ˈpipəl ɛz ðeɪ jild tɪ ˈəðər kɑz. ənd bɪˈkəz ˈdraɪvɪŋ sloʊər, ˈæˌkʧuəli lʊk æt ðɛr sərˈaʊndɪŋz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ʃɑps. ju ˈkænɑt tɛkst ənd nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt ə ˈraʊndəˌbaʊt. moʊst ˌɛnˈʤɔɪəbəl əˈbaʊt, aɪ faɪnd, ɪz ðə ˈsimləs dæns ðə roundelay*? ɛz kɑz ˈɛnər ənd liv ðə ˈsərkəlz. ˈkərtiəs aɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ə ˈdraɪvər, pəˈdɛstriən ər ˈbaɪˌsɪklɪst ɪz bɪlt ˈɪntu ə ˈraʊndəˌbaʊt. goʊ əˈhɛd, sər. θæŋk ju, ma’am*. wət əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ðə ˈseɪfəst ˈdraɪvɪŋ kənˈdɪʃən ˈstɑˌplaɪts ˈɛvriˌwɛr ɪz ɪn fækt ðə moʊst ˈdeɪnʤərəs bɪˈkəz ɪt brɪŋz aʊt ðə tu wərst treɪts ɪn ˈərbən ˈdraɪvərz: nəmd ˌɪnəˈtɛnʧən ənd ɔˈkeɪʒənəl əˈgrɛʃən. ɛz ɪt ˈhæpənz, ˈgɪtɪŋ tɪ ðə ɛnd əv stɑp ɔn rɛd week,”*,” ən ˈænjuəl ɪˈvɛnt ˈspɑnsərd baɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈhaɪˌweɪ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən tɪ ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ðə ˈivəlz əv ˈrənɪŋ rɛd laɪts. ɪn 2013 ˈnɪrli 700 ˈpipəl wər kɪld ɪn ˈæksədənts, ðə rɪˈpɔrts. ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd wər ˈɪnʤərd. ɪf, ˈnæʧərəl ˈtræŋkwəˌlaɪzərz əv roʊd reɪʤ, ər ˈseɪfər, mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt ənd ˈɪnfənətli mɔr ˈbjutəfəl, ðə ˈprɑbləm? waɪ ðeɪ ɛz juˈbɪkwɪtəs ɪn ðə juz. ɛz ɪn ˈjʊrəp? waɪ du wi si ðɛm ɛz ɪgˈzɑtɪk stand-alones*, laɪk ðə ˈləvli ˈspɛsəmən ɔn ˈhaɪˌweɪ 101 æt ðə ˈbɔrdər əv ˈkɑrlsbæd ənd ˈoʊʃənˌsaɪd? waɪ ðə ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd bərd rɑk ˈmɑdəl bɪn ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪtɪd? wɛl, ɪt teɪks ə ˈvɪlɪʤ tɪ reɪz ˈstɑˌplaɪts ənd reɪz. ˈtɪrɪŋ aʊt laɪts ɪz ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ənd dɪsˈrəptɪv. ˈbɪznɪsɪz ˈlɪvɪŋ mənθ tɪ mənθ meɪ rɪˈvoʊlt. ˈfɛdərəl grænts meɪ bi rikˈwaɪərd; ˈloʊkəl əˈsɛsmənts (i.e*., ˈtæksɪz), tu. ənd ˈɔlˌweɪz hæv ˈhaɪdˌbaʊnd oʊld foʊks hu rɪˈzɪst ʧeɪnʤ. ˈæftər ɔl, ˈstɑˌplaɪts hæv ˈsɪvəˌlaɪzd æˈnɑrkɪk strits fər wət simz fərˈɛvər. ɪf ju wər wən əv ðə ˈrəfli 700 ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl ˈwərldˈwaɪd hu ˈvɪzɪtɪd ˈgugəl ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ju wər noʊ daʊt əmˈjuzd baɪ ən əˈdɔrəbəl ˈdudəl dɪˈpɪktɪŋ ˈɪrə ˈviɪkəlz ˈspidɪŋ θru ən ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃən wɪn ðə ˈstɑˌplaɪt wɑz grin ənd ˈskriʧɪŋ tɪ ə hɔlt wɪn ðə laɪt tərnd rɛd. ðə ˈwɪti ˈkɛrɪkəˌʧər ˈɑnərd ðə fərst ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈstɑˌplaɪt, ˌɪnˈstɔld tɪ ˈkɑmbæt roʊd ˈænərˌki ɪn ˈklivlənd 101 jɪrz əˈgoʊ ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. əv kɔrs, ˈstɑˌplaɪts sun bɪˈkeɪm ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd. (ɪn 1914 ə pəˈlismən sæt ɪn ə buθ, ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə ˈkələrz.) ˈjɛloʊ gɑt θroʊn ˈɪntu ðə mɪks. noʊ ˈgɪtɪŋ əraʊnd ˈstɑˌplaɪts, ɪt simz. (ˈɛvəri taɪm wi gɪt nu breɪk pædz, riˈmaɪndɪd.) wɪn aɪ wɑz groʊɪŋ əp ɪn kəroʊˈnɑdoʊ, (pæt dæmd brɪʤ), noʊ ˈstɑˌplaɪts kənˈtroʊld ˈtræfɪk ɔn ˈɔrɪnʤ ˈævəˌnu. wɪθ ðə ˈɪnˌfləks əv brɪʤ ˈtræfɪk, lʊk æt ðə ˈaɪlənd. haʊ kul wʊd ɪt hæv bɪn ɪf ðə ˈsɪti hæd bɪlt ðə lɛŋθ əv ˈɔrɪnʤ. ɪt wʊd hæv bɪn noʊn fɑr ənd waɪd ɛz ðə ˈraʊndəˌbaʊt ˈaɪlənd. aɪ gɛs aɪ ʃʊd bi ˈθæŋkfəl maɪ nu ˈhoʊmˌtaʊn ɪz soʊ ˈləki. aɪ ʤɪst wɪʃ ˈəðərz wər.
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one of the mysteries of my dumb-lucky life is why more neighborhoods aren’t as fortunate as mine.
not one stoplight — or even a stop sign — distorts the drive through our commercial zone.
for going on seven years, bird rock has performed in a san diego pilot that, in my view anyway, could not be more sublimely successful.
in a form of asphalt alchemy, five major roundabouts — and several smaller ones — have turned lead-footed lights into gold.
what was once a four-lane, stop-and-start speedway is now the calmest, cleanest and prettiest stretch of commercial road in san diego county.
about 22,000 vehicles daily pass through bird rock, an eclectic enclave between downtown la jolla and pacific beach.
but here’s the thing. vehicles drive much slower than before, but on average they get through faster.
a couple of years ago, the mythbusters team on the discovery channel conducted a real-world test and found roundabouts 20 percent more efficient than four-way stops.
the roundabout paradox — slower driving, faster travel — is demonstrated nonstop in bird rock.
chuck patton, owner of the hyper-popular bird rock coffee roasters, has a bird’s-eye view of how his now two-lane southern stretch of la jolla boulevard has been transformed.
to patton, whose business predates the roundabouts by a year or two, the aesthetic enhancement is one thing — the landscaping is gorgeous — but positive change can also be measured in decibels and soot.
in the old stoplight days, vehicles would gun their motors as they tried to make a changing light, he tells me. exhaust would billow into his shop distinguished by open floor-to-ceiling windows.
“industrial fallout,” patton calls noise and pollution.
what’s more, serious accidents are a thing of the distant past.
it’s partly physics. cars enter roundabouts at an angle, making serious accidents virtually impossible.
but it’s also partly psychology. roundabouts require full driver attention, bringing out the best in people as they yield to other cars. and because they’re driving slower, actually look at their surroundings, including the shops. you cannot text and negotiate a roundabout.
what’s most enjoyable about roundabouts, i find, is the seamless dance — the roundelay? — as cars enter and leave the circles. courteous eye contact with a driver, pedestrian or bicyclist is built into a roundabout.
go ahead, sir. thank you, ma’am.
what appears to be the safest driving condition — stoplights everywhere — is in fact the most dangerous because it brings out the two worst traits in urban drivers: numbed inattention and occasional aggression.
as it happens, we’re getting to the end of “national stop on red week,” an annual event sponsored by the federal highway administration to highlight the evils of running red lights.
in 2013, nearly 700 people were killed in stoplight-related accidents, the fha reports. an estimated 127,000 were injured.
if roundabouts, natural tranquilizers of road rage, are safer, more efficient and infinitely more beautiful, what’s the problem? why aren’t they as ubiquitous in the u.s. as in europe?
why do we see them as exotic stand-alones, like the lovely specimen on highway 101 at the border of carlsbad and oceanside? why hasn’t the integrated bird rock model been replicated?
well, it takes a village to raze stoplights — and raise roundabouts. tearing out lights is expensive and disruptive. businesses living month to month may revolt. federal grants may be required; local assessments (i.e., taxes), too. and you’ll always have hidebound old folks who resist change.
after all, stoplights have civilized anarchic streets for what seems forever.
if you were one of the roughly 700 million people worldwide who visited google wednesday, you were no doubt amused by an adorable doodle depicting model-t era vehicles speeding through an intersection when the two-color stoplight was green and screeching to a halt when the light turned red.
the witty caricature honored the nation’s first electric stoplight, installed to combat road anarchy in cleveland 101 years ago on wednesday.
of course, stoplights soon became automated. (in 1914, a policeman sat in a booth, changing the colors.) yellow got thrown into the mix.
there’s no getting around stoplights, it seems. (every time we get new brake pads, we’re reminded.)
when i was growing up in coronado, pre-pbdb (pat brown’s damned bridge), no stoplights controlled traffic on orange avenue.
with the influx of bridge traffic, look at the island.
how cool would it have been if the city had built roundabouts the length of orange. it would have been known far and wide as the roundabout island.
i guess i should be thankful my new hometown is so lucky.
i just wish others were.
logan.jenkins@sduniontribune.com
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bɪˈkəz wət gʊd ɪz ə 500 ˈtæblət ɪf ə kæt kænt pleɪ geɪmz ɔn ɪt, hɪrz ə ˈvɪdioʊ əv ˈsəmˌwənz kæt ˈskɔrɪŋ 128 ɔn frut ˈnɪnʤə. ɪz ðət ə gʊd skɔr? aɪ hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə. wət aɪ du noʊ ɪz aɪv bɪn ˈblɔgɪŋ ɪn ðə kɑr ɔl ˈmɔrnɪŋ (jɛs, ˈsɪriəsli) ənd əm ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈmoʊʃən ˈsɪknəs. aɪ ˈrɪli doʊnt noʊ haʊ məʧ ˈlɔŋgər əm ˈgɑnə læst. aɪ traɪd ˈkəvərɪŋ maɪ hɛd ənd ˈlæpˌtɑp skrin wɪθ ə sˈwɛtˌʃərt soʊ aɪ ˈkʊdənt si ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈwɪzɪŋ baɪ bət maɪ ˈlɪtəl ˈsɪstərz ˈdraɪvɪŋ soʊ əm ˈprɪti məʧ ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd aʊt əv maɪ maɪnd raɪt naʊ. "bɪˈkəz ʃiz ə ˈwʊmən?" wət ðə noʊ ju ˈsɛksɪst ɛf***! bɪˈkəz ʃiz ˈilɛvən. hɪt ðə ʤəmp fər frut sˈlaɪsɪŋ ɪn ˈækʃən. aɪ θɪŋk əm ˈgɑnə ˈvɑmət. ˈjuˌtub ˈviə ðɪs kæt ʤɪst bit jʊr frut ˈnɪnʤə haɪ skɔr [gizmodo*] θæŋks tɪ hu gɑt hɪz kæt haɪ ɔn ˈkætnɪp ənd gɪv ɪm ə bət hi wund əp pleɪɪŋ ɪn ə ˈgroʊsəri bæg ˌɪnˈstɛd.
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because what good is a $500 tablet if a cat can't play games on it, here's a video of someone's cat scoring 128 on fruit ninja. is that a good score? i have no idea. what i do know is i've been blogging in the car all morning (yes, seriously) and i'm starting to get motion sickness. i really don't know how much longer i'm gonna last. i tried covering my head and laptop screen with a sweatshirt so i couldn't see the outside whizzing by but my little sister's driving so i'm pretty much terrified out of my got-damn mind right now. "because she's a woman?" what the -- no you sexist f***! because she's eleven.
hit the jump for fruit slicing in action. i think i'm gonna vomit.
youtube
via
this cat just beat your fruit ninja high score [gizmodo]
thanks to ross84, who got his cat high on catnip and give him a gameboy but he wound up playing in a grocery bag instead.
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nu jɔrk (ˈrɔɪtərz) bɪl groʊs, ˈmænɪʤər əv ðə ˈpɪmkoʊ ˈtoʊtəl rɪˈtərn fənd, sɛd ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðət ðə ˈgloʊbəl ɪˈkɑnəmi meɪ bi ˈfeɪsɪŋ loʊ ˈpɑləsi reɪts fər ˈdɛkeɪdz. ðə ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz əv ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt fərm ˈpɪmkoʊ ɪz ʃoʊn ɪn ðɪs ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈteɪkən ɪn ˈnupɔrt biʧ, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈʤænjuˌɛri 26 2012 ˈʃɛplər groʊs roʊt ɪn hɪz ɑkˈtoʊbər ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈaʊˌtlʊk ðət ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ʃʊd against”*” ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ðət ðə ˈfɛdərəl fəndz reɪt ðə juz. ˈfɛdərəl ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ˈbɑroʊɪŋ reɪt wɪl raɪz baɪ wən pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnt baɪ leɪt 2015 juz. (ənd ˈgloʊbəl ɪˈkɑnəmi) meɪ hæv tɪ gɪt juzd tɪ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli riˈprɛsɪv ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr loʊ ˈpɑləsi reɪts fər ˈdɛkeɪdz tɪ come,”*,” roʊt groʊs, ə ənd ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈɔfɪsər æt ˈpɪmkoʊ, huz ˈflægˌʃɪp ˈpɪmkoʊ ˈtoʊtəl rɪˈtərn fənd həz ˈrəfli 250 ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈæˌsɛts. naʊ ðə ˈmɑrkɪt (ənd ðə fɛd ˈfɔrˌkæsts) ɪkˈspɛkts fɛd fəndz tɪ bi 1 pərˈsɛnt haɪər baɪ leɪt 2015 ənd 1 pərˈsɛnt haɪər stɪl baɪ dɪˈsɛmbər 2016 bɛt əˈgɛnst that,”*,” hi roʊt ɪn ðə ˈlɛtər ɛnˈtaɪtəld əv ðə fittest?”*?” ˈaʊˌtlʊk ɔn ðə ˈlɛvəl əv reɪts ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt bɪˈkəz ˈpɪmkoʊ ˈmænɪʤɪz ˈrəfli ˈtrɪljən ənd ɪz wən əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst bɑnd ˈmænɪʤərz. groʊs ənd ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈɔfɪsər ənd ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv moʊˈhɑmɛd vjuz ɔn fɛd ˈækʃənz ənd ˈgloʊbəl ˈkrɛdɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪnfluəns ˈəðər ˌɪnˈvɛstərz bɪˈkəz əv ðə saɪz ɪn ðə ˈmɑrkɪtˌpleɪs. ðə fɛd həz hɛld ɪts ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt fəndz reɪt bɪtˈwin ˈziroʊ ənd pərˈsɛnt sɪns dɪˈsɛmbər 2008 ənd həz mɔr ðən ˈtrɪpəld ɪts ˈbæləns ʃit tɪ əraʊnd ˈtrɪljən ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ pʊl ðə juz. ɪˈkɑnəmi aʊt əv ˌriˈsɛʃən ənd spər ˈstrɔŋgər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ. ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 18 ðə fɛd riˈɪtərˌeɪtɪd ðət ɪt wʊd nɑt stɑrt tɪ reɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts æt list ənˈtɪl ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt fɔlz tɪ pərˈsɛnt, ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən dɪz nɑt θˈrɛtən tɪ goʊ əˈbəv pərˈsɛnt. ðə juz. ˈʤɑbləs reɪt ɪn ˈɔgəst wɑz pərˈsɛnt. moʊst ˈpɑləsiˌmeɪkərz, 12 aʊt əv 17 prɑˈʤɛktəd ðə fərst reɪt haɪk wʊd nɑt kəm ənˈtɪl 2015 ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ˈfɔrˌkæsts səˈʤɛstɪd ðeɪ wʊd ˈlaɪkli hɪt ðɛr θˈrɛˌʃoʊld fər kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ə reɪt raɪz ɛz ˈərli ɛz nɛkst jɪr. ðə fɛd ˈɔlsoʊ səˈpraɪzd ˌɪnˈvɛstərz baɪ ˈkipɪŋ ɪts 85 ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈmənθli ˈpərʧəsɪz əv ˈtrɛʒəriz ənd ˈeɪʤənsi ˈmɔrgɪʤɪz ənˈʧeɪnʤd, kənˈfaʊndɪŋ ˈmɛni hu hæd ɪkˈspɛktɪd ə rɪˈdəkʃən. ðə jild ɔn ðə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk juz. ˈtrɛʒəri noʊt plənʤd 17 ˈbeɪsɪs pɔɪnts tɪ pərˈsɛnt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə fɛd dɪˈsɪʒən. bɑnd jildz muv ˌɪnˈvərsli tɪ ðɛr ˈpraɪsɪz. ðə jild ɔn ðə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk juz. ˈtrɛʒəri noʊt ɪz ˈkərəntli pərˈsɛnt. groʊs ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ɪn ðə ˈlɛtər ðət ə pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ əv ˈtrɛʒəri sɪˈkjʊrətiz (tɪps) ənd bɑndz kʊd rɪˈtərn 4 pərˈsɛnt ɪn fˈjuʧər jɪrz. ˈpɪmkoʊ ˈtoʊtəl rɪˈtərn fənd geɪnd pərˈsɛnt ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, ɪts bɛst ˈmənθli pərˈfɔrməns sɪns ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2012 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈdætə frəm ˈmɔrnɪŋˌstɑr. ðət pərˈfɔrməns bit 98 pərˈsɛnt əv pɪrz, ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈrisərʧ fərm sɛd. ðə fənd ɪz stɪl daʊn pərˈsɛnt fər ðə jɪr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈpɪmkoʊ ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ðə ˈnupɔrt biʧ, pəˈsɪfɪk ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈmænɪʤmənt koʊ. ɪz ə ˈjunɪt əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈkəmpəˌni ˈæliənz seɪ. fənd hæd ˈaʊtˌfloʊz əv ˈbɪljən ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, ˈmɑrkɪŋ ðə fɪθ streɪt mənθ əv ˈaʊtˌfloʊz frəm ðə fənd, ˈmɔrnɪŋˌstɑr ˈdætə ʃoʊd ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. waɪl ðə wɪθˈdrɔəlz wər ˈsaɪzəbəl, ðeɪ wər ðə loʊəst sɪns meɪ. ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ˈɔlsoʊ pʊld ˈmɪljən frəm ðə ˈpɪmkoʊ ˈtoʊtəl rɪˈtərn ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər. ðət ˈɔlsoʊ mɑrkt ðə fɪθ streɪt mənθ əv ˈaʊtˌfloʊz frəm ðə ˈæktɪvli ˈmænɪʤd, wɪʧ ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈmɪmɪk ðə ˈstrætəʤi əv ðə ˈflægˌʃɪp bɑnd fənd. ðə wɪθˈdrɔəlz frəm ðə ˈrəfli keɪm dɪˈspaɪt ɪts geɪn əv pərˈsɛnt ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, wɪʧ meɪd ɪt ðə tɔp pərˈfɔrmər əˈməŋ ɪts pɪrz, ˈmɔrnɪŋˌstɑr ˈdætə ʃoʊd. ɛz ə fərm, ˈpɪmkoʊ hæd ˈaʊtˌfloʊz əv ˈbɪljən əˈkrɔs ɪts juz. mˈjuʧuəl fəndz læst mənθ, ˈmɑrkɪŋ ðə fɔrθ streɪt mənθ əv ˈaʊtˌfloʊz frəm ðə fəndz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋˌstɑr. ðə ˈaʊtˌfloʊz mɑrkt ən ˌɪmˈpruvmənt frəm wɪθˈdrɔəlz əv 11 ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈɔgəst. groʊs toʊld ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðət ðɛr ɪz ˈvərʧuəli noʊ ʧæns ðə juz. ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl dɪˈfɔlt ɔn ɪts dɛt baɪ ɑkˈtoʊbər 17 juz. ˈtrɛʒəri ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ʤæk lu həz wɔrnd ˈkɑŋgrəs ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wʊd ɪgˈzɔst ɪts ˈbɑroʊɪŋ kəˈpæsɪti noʊ ˈleɪtər ðən ðət deɪt. ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv dɪˈfɔlt ɔn ðə pɑrt əv ðə juz. ˈtrɛʒəri ɪz ə ˈmɪljən tɪ wən, ənd pərˈhæps ˈivɪn ɪn ðə billions,”*,” groʊs sɛd. hi sɛd ðə juz. ˈtrɛʒəri kəˈlɛkts əˈbaʊt 300 ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈmənθli ˈrɛvəˌnuz waɪl peɪɪŋ aʊt əˈbaʊt ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈmənθli ˈɪntəˌrɛst. noʊ ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ðə juz. ˈtrɛʒəri wʊd ˈɛvər θɪŋk əv ənd wʊd ˈɛvər bi ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən əv dɪˈfɔltɪŋ, beɪst əˈpɑn ðət coverage,”*,” groʊs sɛd. ə ˌrɛzəˈluʃən tɪ ðə ˈlumɪŋ faɪt bɪtˈwin ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ənd rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ˈoʊvər ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə ˈtrɪljən ˈfɛdərəl dɛt ˈsilɪŋ ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi riʧt ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 17 ə ˈfeɪljər tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈbɑroʊɪŋ ˈlɪmət kʊd kɔz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ dɪˈfɔlt ɔn ɪts dɛt, ˈænəlɪsts hæv sɛd.
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new york (reuters) - bill gross, manager of the pimco total return fund, said on wednesday that the global economy may be facing low policy rates for decades.
the headquarters of investment firm pimco is shown in this photo taken in newport beach, california january 26, 2012. reuters/lori shepler
gross wrote in his october investment outlook that investors should “bet against” expectations that the federal funds rate - the u.s. federal reserve’s benchmark short-term borrowing rate - will rise by one percentage point by late 2015.
“the u.s. (and global economy) may have to get used to financially repressive - and therefore low policy rates - for decades to come,” wrote gross, a co-founder and co-chief investment officer at pimco, whose flagship pimco total return fund has roughly $250 billion in assets.
“right now the market (and the fed forecasts) expects fed funds to be 1 percent higher by late 2015 and 1 percent higher still by december 2016. bet against that,” he wrote in the letter entitled “survival of the fittest?”
gross’s outlook on the level of rates is important because pimco manages roughly $1.97 trillion and is one of the world’s largest bond managers. gross and co-chief investment officer and chief executive mohamed el-erian’s views on fed actions and global credit also influence other investors because of the firm’s size in the marketplace.
the fed has held its overnight funds rate between zero and 0.25 percent since december 2008 and has more than tripled its balance sheet to around $3.7 trillion in an effort to pull the u.s. economy out of recession and spur stronger economic growth.
on september 18, the fed reiterated that it would not start to raise interest rates at least until unemployment falls to 6.5 percent, as long as inflation does not threaten to go above 2.5 percent. the u.s. jobless rate in august was 7.3 percent.
most policymakers, 12 out of 17, projected the first rate hike would not come until 2015, even though the forecasts suggested they would likely hit their threshold for considering a rate rise as early as next year.
the fed also surprised investors by keeping its $85 billion in monthly purchases of treasuries and agency mortgages unchanged, confounding many who had expected a reduction.
the yield on the benchmark 10-year u.s. treasury note plunged 17 basis points to 2.69 percent following the fed decision. bond yields move inversely to their prices. the yield on the benchmark 10-year u.s. treasury note is currently 2.6 percent.
gross also said in the letter that a portfolio of treasury inflation-protected securities (tips) and shorter-dated bonds could return 4 percent in future years.
gross’s pimco total return fund gained 1.8 percent in september, its best monthly performance since january 2012, according to data from morningstar. that performance beat 98 percent of peers, the investment research firm said.
the fund is still down 1.97 percent for the year, according to the pimco website. the newport beach, california-based pacific investment management co. is a unit of european financial services company allianz se.
gross’s fund had outflows of $5.4 billion in september, marking the fifth straight month of outflows from the fund, morningstar data showed on wednesday. while the withdrawals were sizeable, they were the lowest since may.
investors also pulled $220.3 million from the pimco total return etf in september. that also marked the fifth straight month of outflows from the actively managed etf, which is designed to mimic the strategy of the flagship bond fund.
the withdrawals from the roughly $3.9-billion etf came despite its gain of 1.7 percent in september, which made it the top performer among its peers, morningstar data showed.
as a firm, pimco had outflows of $6.5 billion across its u.s. open-end mutual funds last month, marking the fourth straight month of outflows from the funds, according to morningstar. the outflows marked an improvement from withdrawals of $11 billion in august.
gross told cnbc television on wednesday that there is virtually no chance the u.s. government will default on its debt by october 17. u.s. treasury secretary jack lew has warned congress the united states would exhaust its borrowing capacity no later than that date.
“the possibility of default on the part of the u.s. treasury is a million to one, and perhaps even in the billions,” gross said. he said the u.s. treasury collects about $300 billion in monthly revenues while paying out about $40-45 billion in monthly interest.
“there’s no possibility that the u.s. treasury would ever think of and would ever be in a position of defaulting, based upon that coverage,” gross said.
a resolution to the looming fight between democratic and republican lawmakers over raising the $16.7 trillion federal debt ceiling is expected to be reached on october 17. a failure to increase the borrowing limit could cause the government to default on its debt, analysts have said.
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—* ʤeɪ ˈdiboʊər rɪˈmɛmbərz ˈfilɪŋ ˈfɪzɪkəli sɪk æt ðə ˈəgli ˈspɛktəkəl ɪn ðə haʊs əv ˈdɛləˌgeɪts, ðə ˈæŋgri keɪɑs əv ˈmɛmbərz ˈʃaʊtɪŋ ənd ˈpaʊndɪŋ ɔn dɛsks. deɪv ˈælboʊ θɪŋks əˈbaʊt ðə jəŋ peɪʤ, ə middle-schooler*, ˈbreɪkɪŋ daʊn ɪn tɪrz əˈmɪd ðə fˈjʊrɔr. ɪt strək ðə ˈdɛləˌgeɪt ɛz ə sin frəm ə dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntri, nɑt ðə ˈɔgəst vərˈʤɪnjə ˈʧeɪmbər ðət bɪlz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz ðə ˈoʊldəst ˈlɔˌmeɪkɪŋ ˈbɑdi ɪn ðə nu wərld. soʊ, noʊ, ðə læst taɪm vərˈʤɪnjəz haʊs wɑz ˈivənli splɪt bɪtˈwin rɪˈpəblɪkənz ənd ˈdɛməˌkræts, ɪt ˈdɪdənt gɪt ɔf tɪ ə ˈvɛri gʊd stɑrt. ðət wɑz 1998 ənd ɔl kaɪnz əv θɪŋz wər ˈbreɪkɪŋ ðə sɛns əv dɪˈkɔrəm, bət ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr ðən 110 jɪrz əv kənˈtroʊl baɪ ˈdɛməˌkræts. ðə ˈpeɪnfəl ˈspæzəm æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðət jɪrz ˈʤɛnərəl əˈsɛmbli ˈsɛʃən, ɛz ˈdɛməˌkræts feɪst ˈʃɛrɪŋ paʊər fər ðə fərst taɪm, klɪrd ðə weɪ fər rɪˈpəblɪkənz tɪ teɪk ˈoʊvər tu jɪrz ˈleɪtər ənd bɪld ə ˈʤəgərˌnɔt əv ðɛr oʊn. wɪʧ ˈlæstɪd ənˈtɪl əˈprɑksəmətli naʊ. ðə haʊs əv ˈdɛləˌgeɪts ɪz wəns əˈgɛn ɔn ðə vərʤ əv ˈpɛrəti, ðoʊ ɪts ɪgˈzækt dɪˈvɪʒən rɪˈmeɪnz ənˈklɪr. ðə ˈdrɑmə əraʊnd ə ˌriˈkaʊnt ɪn ə ˈnupɔrt nuz ˈdɛləˌgeɪt reɪs ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ riˈzɑlv ðɪs wik, wɪn əˈfɪʃəlz wɪl pɪk ðə ˈwɪnər ɪn ə ˈrændəm drɔɪŋ ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðət kʊd liv ðə haʊs æt ər rɪˈpəblɪkənz wɪθ ə ædˈvæntɪʤ. bɪɔnd ðət, ˈdɛməˌkræts ər ˈʧælənʤɪŋ wən mɔr ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt, soʊ ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈbæləns maɪt nɑt bi noʊn ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈʤɛnərəl əˈsɛmbli ˈsɛʃən stɑrts ɔn ʤæn. 10 ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə vərˈʤɪnjə haʊs əv ˈdɛləˌgeɪts voʊt ɔn ə bɪl ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri. ə ˈrændəm drɔɪŋ ənd ə kɔrt keɪs wɪl ˌdɪˈsaɪd ðə ˈbæləns əv paʊər ɪn nɛkst ˈsɛʃən. (bɑb brown/ap*) ðət minz ðə ˈpɑrtiz hæv tɪ kəm əp wɪθ səm weɪ tɪ ˈgəvərn təˈgɛðər, ˈiðər ˈækʧəwəl ər ən əˈproʊʧ ðət ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ðət wən saɪd ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ɪn ˈtoʊtəl kənˈtroʊl. ˈseɪvər ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən: ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈklaɪmɪt əv lɛd tɪ ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk sərʤ ɪn ðə noʊˈvɛmbər ɪˈlɛkʃənz, dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈɔrdər ɪn vərˈʤɪnjəz ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər. bət naʊ ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz kən gɪt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ dən ɪz θru kloʊz kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən. "ɪt ɪz aɪˈrɑnɪk," sɛd haʊs məˈnɔrəti ˈlidər ˈdeɪvɪd ʤeɪ. toʊˈskɑnoʊ (d-charlottesville*), hu hæd tɪ bi pərsˈweɪdɪd nɑt tɪ stɛp daʊn frəm ˈlidərˌʃɪp tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ bət naʊ ˈhɑrbərz æt list ə slɪm hoʊp əv ˈwaɪndɪŋ əp ɛz ˈspikər əv ðə haʊs. "wi hæv ə ˈvɛri ˈtɑksɪk pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈætməsˌfɪr aʊt ðɛr raɪt naʊ, ənd jɛt θruaʊt ɪt ɔl, wi hæv ə ʧæns tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈvɛri ˈspɛʃəl ɪn vərˈʤɪnjə, ənd ðət ɪz tɪ kəm əp wɪθ ə weɪ əv ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɑr ˈʤɛnərəl əˈsɛmbli ðæts kwaɪt ˈdɪfərənt ðən ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ənd ə lɔt əv ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈkəntri," hi sɛd. "ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz tɪ bi sin ˈwɛðər wi kən du ɪt, bət wi du hæv ə ˈhɪstəri ɪn vərˈʤɪnjə əv ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ə baɪˈpɑrtɪzən weɪ tɪ gɪt θɪŋz dən." ðɛr ər, ɪn fækt, ˈsɛvərəl ˈpɑləsi ˈɛriəz wɛr ðə ˈpɑrtiz ər nɑt ðət fɑr əˈpɑrt ənd kʊd meɪk ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈsɛʃən. bət ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑsʧər ɪz hɑrd tɪ rɛd. wɪn ɪt ˈbrifli lʊkt ɛz ðoʊ ðət ˈnupɔrt nuz ˌriˈkaʊnt wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈproʊdus ə haʊs splɪt, ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp dɪˈspleɪd ˌikwəˈnɪmɪti ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈplɛʤɪŋ tɪ "ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə baɪˈpɑrtɪzən ˈfreɪmˌwərk ˈəndər wɪʧ ðə haʊs kən ˈɔpərˌeɪt ɪˈfɪʃəntli ənd ˈifɛktɪvli ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst tu jɪrz." [va*. kɔrt ˈtɔsɪz ˈvɪktəri ðət ˈbrifli ˈɛndɪd məˈʤɔrəti ɪn haʊs] bət wət ˈhæpənz ɪf rɪˈpəblɪkənz hæŋ ɔn tɪ ə ædˈvæntɪʤ? ɔn ðət, ðə ˈpɑrtiz ˈlidərˌʃɪp həz steɪd məm. məˈʤɔrəti ˈlidər ɛm. ˈkərklənd kɑks haɪts), hu wɑz ɪn laɪn tɪ bi ˈspikər ˌbiˈfɔr ɔl ðə ənˈsərtənti, dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt fər ðɪs ˈstɔri. ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz hæd ə ɛʤ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɪˈlɛkʃənz, ənd ðeɪ ˈɑrənt goʊɪŋ tɪ lɛt ðə ædˈvæntɪʤɪz əv paʊər slɪp əˈweɪ ˈizəli. kənˈtroʊl əv ðə haʊs əˈfɛkts wɪʧ bɪlz gɪt ˈteɪkən əp ənd wɪʧ wənz ˌdɪsəˈpɪr. kɑks həz ˈsɪgnəld, ðoʊ, ðət hi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ðə nid tɪ stɪr hɪz ˈpɑrti təˈwɔrd ðə ˈmɪdəl ɔn səm ˈɪʃuz. hi əˈnaʊnst ðət ɪf hi bɪˈkəmz ˈspikər, hi wɪl ˈɔfər peɪd pərˈɛntəl liv fər ɔl haʊs ɪmˈplɔɪiz ənd səˈpɔrt ðə seɪm fər ɔl steɪt ɪmˈplɔɪiz. [va*. rɪˈpəblɪkən haʊs ˈlidər bæks ˈfæməli liv ɛz ˈpɑrti siks tɪ rebrand*] ðɛr ər ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðər ˈmeɪʤər ˈpɑləsi ˈɛriəz wɛr rɪˈpəblɪkənz ənd ˈdɛməˌkræts kʊd faɪnd ˈkɑmən graʊnd ɪf ðeɪ kən əˈvɔɪd ˈpɑrtəzən dɪˈstrækʃənz. fərst əp ɪz ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd ɪkˈspænʧən, ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈaʊtˌgoʊɪŋ gəv. ˈtɛri məˈkɔləf həz wɔʧt ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər dɪˈnaɪ ɔl fɔr jɪrz əv hɪz tərm. rælf ˈnɔrθəm, ə ˈdɛməˌkræt hu spɛnt sɪks jɪrz ɪn ðə steɪt ˈsɛnɪt ˌbiˈfɔr bɪˈkəmɪŋ luˈtɛnənt ˈgəvərnər, ˈrisəntli səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd ɪkˈspænʧən kʊd bi dən ɪn ˈtændəm wɪθ rɪˈfɔrmz. [ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈwɪnər ɪn vərˈʤɪnjə sɪz taɪm fər baɪˈpɑrtəzənˌʃɪp] səm ˈfɛloʊ ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ðət pəˈzɪʃən, bət rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlidərz preɪzd ˈkɑmɛnts, ˈlivɪŋ ðə dɔr tɪ ɪkˈspænʧən əˈʤɑr ɪn ə weɪ ɪt həz nɑt bɪn ˌbiˈfɔr. boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈoʊvərˌlæp ɔn ˈsɛvərəl ˈɛriəz əv ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈpɑləsi, səʧ ɛz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə ˈdɔlər θˈrɛˌʃoʊld fər wət ˈkɑnstəˌtuts ə ˈfɛləni ənd səm fɔrm əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə diˌkrɪmənələˈzeɪʃən. boʊθ saɪdz hæv sɛd ðət ˈbustɪŋ ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈfəndɪŋ ɪz ə praɪˈɔrəti. bət ˈwɛðər ðeɪ kən wərk təˈgɛðər, ər ˈivɪn əˈgri ɔn haʊ tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən əv ðə haʊs ˌɪtˈsɛlf, rɪˈmeɪnz əp ɪn ðə ɛr. məʧ dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ðə toʊn sɛt baɪ boʊθ saɪdz ɪn ðə nɛkst ˈkəpəl əv wiks. ðə ˈrændəm drɔɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛtəl ðə reɪs fər ˈnupɔrt nuz ˈdɛləˌgeɪt kʊd tərn ˈəgli ɪf ðə ˈluzɪŋ saɪd faɪts ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm. ðə ˈlɔˌsut ˈoʊvər ə kənˈtɛstəd reɪs ɪn ˈfrɛdərɪksbərg, sɛt fər ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt ɔn ʤæn. 5 ɪz əˈnəðər ˈpaʊdər kɛg. ðət keɪs ɪn wɪʧ ˈdɛməˌkræts ər ˈsikɪŋ ə nu ɪˈlɛkʃən bɪˈkəz səm 100 ˈrɛzɪdənts əv ə splɪt ˈpriˌsɪŋkt gɑt ðə rɔŋ ˈbælət ɔn ɪˈlɛkʃən deɪ kʊd ˈfərðər klaʊd ðə ˈpɪkʧər ɪf ə ʤəʤ ˌdɪˈsaɪdz ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən hu wən ʃʊd nɑt bi ˈsitɪd. ɪf ðət ˈhæpənz ɪn kənˈʤəŋkʃən wɪθ ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk wɪn ɪn ˈnupɔrt nuz, ðɛr kʊd bi ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk məˈʤɔrəti ənˈtɪl ðə kɔrt keɪs ɪz riˈzɑlvd. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ kʊd ˈizəli bloʊ əp ɛz ɪt dɪd ɪn 1998 "ˈoʊvər ðə læst 20 jɪrz, ðɛr həz bɪn ə ril ˈwɔʃɪŋtən- əv ˈpɑləˌtɪks ɪn vərˈʤɪnjə. boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli hæv bɪˈkəm ɑrmd kæmps wɪθ ˈvɛri fju ˈmɑdərˌeɪts ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl tɪ ˈbroʊkər ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪz ɪn taɪmz laɪk ðɪs," sɛd ˈstivən ˈfɑrnswərθ, ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈsaɪəntɪst æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɛri ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. "maɪ gɛs ɪz ðət ɪf ðɛr ɪz, ɪt wɪl lʊk æt list ɛz ˈəgli ɛz ɪn ðə pæst." ənd ðət wɑz ˈprɪti ˈəgli. ɪn 1998 ˈrisəntli ɪˈlɛktɪd rɪˈpəblɪkən gəv. ʤɪm ˈgɪlmɔr sɛt ðə steɪʤ fər ðə ˈmɛltˌdaʊn baɪ ˈpləkɪŋ ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈdɛməˌkræts aʊt əv ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər tɪ teɪk ˈeɪʤənsi ər ˈkæbənət pəˈzɪʃənz ə ˈtæktɪk ˈnɔrθəm həz sɛd hi wɪl əˈvɔɪd. rɪˈpəblɪkənz wən ðə ˈoʊpən sits, ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ðɛr ˈtoʊtəl ɪn ðə haʊs tɪ 49 wɪθ ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈdɛləˌgeɪt əˈgriɪŋ tɪ ˈkɔkəs wɪθ ðɛm, ðət kriˈeɪtɪd ə splɪt ðə fərst taɪm ˈdɛməˌkræts hæd lɔst soʊl paʊər sɪns ðə 1880s*. ɪkˈsɛpt ðət θri nu rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈdɛləˌgeɪts hæd nɑt jɛt bɪn swɔrn ɪn wɪn ˈdɛməˌkræts kənˈvind ðə haʊs tɪ səˈlɛkt ə ˈspikər, ə pəˈzɪʃən ðət ˈdɪkˌteɪts kəˈmɪti əˈsaɪnmənts ənd ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv praɪˈɔrətiz. ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri ˈtrɪkəri ɪnˈsud ɛz boʊθ saɪdz traɪd tɪ geɪn ðə ˈəpər hænd. wɪn ˈdɛməˌkræts juzd ðɛr rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ paʊər tɪ ˈməsəl rɪˈpəblɪkənz əˈsaɪd ənd ˌɪnˈstɔl ðɛr oʊn ˈspikər, ðə haʊs ˌɪˈrəptɪd ɪn ə weɪ noʊ wən hæd ˈɛvər sin. "ɪts hɑrd wɪn ðɛrz ˈsəmθɪŋ ju wɪʃ fər ənd ju θɪŋk ju hæv ɪt, ənd ðɛn ˈsəmˌbɑdi pʊlz ɪt əˈweɪ frəm ju," sɛd ˈælboʊ, ə ˈfɔrmər rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈdɛləˌgeɪt frəm ˈfɛrˌfæks. ˈdɛməˌkræts wər ˈdɛspərɪt tɪ kip paʊər, ənd rɪˈpəblɪkənz wər ˈdɛspərɪt tɪ siz ɪt, bət səm ɔn boʊθ saɪdz wər ˈhɔrəˌfaɪd æt haʊ θɪŋz hæd ˈbroʊkən daʊn. "ˈkulər hɛdz prɪˈveɪld, ənd ə smɔl grup əv ˈjuˈɛs gɑt təˈgɛðər ənd wərkt aʊt haʊ wi maɪt ʃɛr paʊər," sɛd ˈfɔrmər ˈdɛləˌgeɪt ʤɑn "ʤæk" rəst, əˈnəðər rɪˈpəblɪkən frəm ˈfɛrˌfæks. ðə baɪˈpɑrtɪzən grup kʊkt əp ə plæn fər iʧ kəˈmɪti tɪ hæv tu ʧɛrz wən frəm iʧ ˈpɑrti ənd ˈikwəl ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən əˈməŋ ˈmɛmbərz. wɪθ ðət ˈbluˌprɪnt, ðə haʊs spɛnt ðə nɛkst tu jɪrz ˈəndər ən əˈnizi trus. ɛz ðə ˈkɛrfəli ˈbælənst kəˈmɪtiz weɪd ˈwɛðər ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən wʊd lɪv ər daɪ, ˈmɛmbərz "wər əˈfreɪd tɪ gɪt əp tɪ goʊ gɪt ə drɪŋk əv ˈwɔtər ər tɔk tɪ əˈnəðər ˈmɛmbər ər goʊ aʊt əv ðə rum tɪ mit ə kənˈstɪʧuənt. ju wər əˈfreɪd ˈsəmˌwən wʊd pʊʃ ə voʊt waɪl ju wər gɔn," sɛd ˈdiboʊər, hu æt ðə taɪm wɑz ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈdɛləˌgeɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ˈpitərzbərg. hi sɛd hi wəns lʊkt ɔn ˈhɛlpləsli ɛz rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɔn ə kəˈmɪti hi ʧɛrd ˈweɪtɪd ənˈtɪl ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈdɛməˌkræts lɛft ðə rum, ðɛn rɪˈvaɪvd ə dɛd bɪl ənd pæst ɪt ɔn tɪ ðə fʊl haʊs. bət ˈəðərz sɛd ðoʊz ʃəˈnænɪgənz wər ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən, nɑt ðə rul. fər ˈtɑməs ɛm. ˈʤæksən jr*., ə ˈfɔrmər ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈdɛləˌgeɪt frəm waɪð ˈkaʊnti, ðoʊz tu jɪrz wər ˌɪnˈvɪgərˌeɪtɪŋ. "ju wər fɔrst tɪ wərk təˈgɛðər," ˈʤæksən sɛd. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈʤæmɪŋ bɪlz θru wɪθ ə ˌmɑnəˈlɪθɪk məˈʤɔrəti, ˈdɛləˌgeɪts hæd tɪ wərk boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə aɪəl ɔn ðə strɛŋθ əv ðɛr aɪˈdiəz, hi sɛd. "aɪ ʤɪst θɔt ɪt wɑz ðə ˈpjʊrəst fɔrm əv dɪˈmɑkrəsi ðət wən kʊd faɪnd." ðæts ðə ˈlɛsən ˈʤæksən wʊd laɪk tɪ pæs əˈlɔŋ frəm 1998 ðət kən bi ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈɪntəˌrɛst. "ɪt wɪl bi ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ fər mi tɪ sɪt bæk ənd wɔʧ ðɪs ənˈfoʊld," hi sɛd, "bɪˈkəz ˈpipəl hæv tɪ goʊ bæk tɪ ðə ruts əv dɪˈmɑkrəsi tɪ meɪk ɪt wərk. ju kænt pleɪ geɪmz ˌɛniˈmɔr."
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— jay deboer remembers feeling physically sick at the ugly spectacle in the house of delegates, the angry chaos of members shouting and pounding on desks.
dave albo thinks about the young page, a middle-schooler, breaking down in tears amid the furor. it struck the delegate as a scene from a developing country, not the august virginia chamber that bills itself as the oldest lawmaking body in the new world.
so, no, the last time virginia's house was evenly split between republicans and democrats, it didn't get off to a very good start.
that was 1998, and all kinds of things were breaking — the sense of decorum, but also more than 110 years of single-party control by democrats. the painful spasm at the beginning of that year's general assembly session, as democrats faced sharing power for the first time, cleared the way for republicans to take over two years later and build a juggernaut of their own.
which lasted until approximately now.
the house of delegates is once again on the verge of parity, though its exact division remains unclear. the drama around a recount in a newport news delegate race is supposed to resolve this week, when officials will pick the winner in a random drawing wednesday that could leave the house at 50-50 or republicans with a 51-49 advantage. beyond that, democrats are challenging one more election in federal court, so the final balance might not be known before the general assembly session starts on jan. 10.
members of the virginia house of delegates vote on a bill in february. a random drawing and a court case will decide the balance of power in next year’s session. (bob brown/ap)
that means the parties have to come up with some way to govern together, either actual power-sharing or an approach that recognizes that one side is no longer in total control.
savor the situation: a national climate of hyperpartisanship led to a democratic surge in the november elections, destroying the republican order in virginia's legislature. but now the only way lawmakers can get anything done is through close cooperation.
"it is ironic," said house minority leader david j. toscano (d-charlottesville), who had to be persuaded not to step down from leadership two years ago but now harbors at least a slim hope of winding up as speaker of the house.
"we have a very toxic political atmosphere out there right now, and yet throughout it all, we have a chance to do something very special in virginia, and that is to come up with a way of operating our general assembly that's quite different than in washington and a lot of the rest of the country," he said. "it remains to be seen whether we can do it, but we do have a history in virginia of working in a bipartisan way to get things done."
there are, in fact, several policy areas where the parties are not that far apart and could make progress in the upcoming session.
but the republican posture is hard to read. when it briefly looked as though that newport news recount was going to produce a 50-50 house split, the gop leadership displayed equanimity in a statement pledging to "establish a bipartisan framework under which the house can operate efficiently and effectively over the next two years."
[va. court tosses one-vote victory that briefly ended gop majority in house]
but what happens if republicans hang on to a 51-49 advantage? on that, the party's leadership has stayed mum. majority leader m. kirkland cox (r-colonial heights), who was in line to be speaker before all the uncertainty, declined to comment for this story.
the republicans had a 66-34 edge before the elections, and they aren't going to let the hard-won advantages of power slip away easily. control of the house affects which bills get taken up and which ones disappear.
cox has signaled, though, that he recognizes the need to steer his party toward the middle on some issues. he announced that if he becomes speaker, he will offer paid parental leave for all house employees and support the same for all state employees.
[va. republican house leader backs family leave as party seeks to rebrand]
there are several other major policy areas where republicans and democrats could find common ground if they can avoid partisan distractions. first up is medicaid expansion, something outgoing gov. terry mcauliffe has watched the republican-controlled legislature deny all four years of his term.
gov.-elect ralph northam, a democrat who spent six years in the state senate before becoming lieutenant governor, recently suggested that medicaid expansion could be done in tandem with cost-cutting reforms.
[democratic winner in virginia says it’s time for bipartisanship]
some fellow democrats criticized that position, but republican leaders praised northam's comments, leaving the door to expansion ajar in a way it has not been before.
both parties also overlap on several areas of criminal justice policy, such as increasing the dollar threshold for what constitutes a felony and some form of marijuana decriminalization. both sides have said that boosting education funding is a priority.
but whether they can work together, or even agree on how to organize the operation of the house itself, remains up in the air. much depends on the tone set by both sides in the next couple of weeks.
the random drawing to settle the race for newport news delegate could turn ugly if the losing side fights the outcome. the lawsuit over a contested race in fredericksburg, set for federal court on jan. 5, is another powder keg. that case — in which democrats are seeking a new election because some 100 residents of a split precinct got the wrong ballot on election day — could further cloud the picture if a judge decides the republican who won should not be seated.
if that happens in conjunction with a democratic win in newport news, there could be a temporary one-seat democratic majority until the court case is resolved.
in other words, everything could easily blow up as it did in 1998.
"over the last 20 years, there has been a real washington-
ization of politics in virginia. both parties increasingly have become armed camps with very few moderates in the middle to broker compromises in times like this," said stephen farnsworth, a political scientist at the university of mary washington. "my guess is that if there is power-sharing, it will look at least as ugly as in the past."
and that was pretty ugly.
in 1998, recently elected republican gov. jim gilmore set the stage for the meltdown by plucking a handful of democrats out of the legislature to take agency or cabinet positions — a tactic northam has said he will avoid. republicans won the open seats, bringing their total in the house to 49. with an independent delegate agreeing to caucus with them, that created a 50-50 split — the first time democrats had lost sole power since the 1880s.
except that three new republican delegates had not yet been sworn in when democrats convened the house to select a speaker, a position that dictates committee assignments and legislative priorities.
parliamentary trickery ensued as both sides tried to gain the upper hand. when democrats used their remaining power to muscle republicans aside and install their own speaker, the house erupted in a way no one had ever seen.
"it's hard when there's something you wish for and you think you have it, and then somebody pulls it away from you," said albo, a former republican delegate from fairfax.
old-time democrats were desperate to keep power, and old-time republicans were desperate to seize it, but some on both sides were horrified at how things had broken down.
"cooler heads prevailed, and a small group of us got together and worked out how we might share power," said former delegate john "jack" rust, another republican from fairfax.
the bipartisan group cooked up a plan for each committee to have two chairs — one from each party — and equal representation among members. with that blueprint, the house spent the next two years under an uneasy truce.
as the carefully balanced committees weighed whether legislation would live or die, members "were afraid to get up to go get a drink of water or talk to another member or go out of the room to meet a constituent. you were afraid someone would push a vote while you were gone," said deboer, who at the time was a democratic delegate representing petersburg.
he said he once looked on helplessly as republicans on a committee he chaired waited until a handful of democrats left the room, then revived a dead bill and passed it on to the full house.
but others said those shenanigans were the exception, not the rule. for thomas m. jackson jr., a former democratic delegate from wythe county, those two power-sharing years were invigorating.
"you were forced to work together," jackson said. instead of jamming bills through with a monolithic majority, delegates had to work both sides of the aisle on the strength of their ideas, he said. "i just thought it was the purest form of democracy that one could find."
that's the lesson jackson would like to pass along from 1998 — that power-sharing can be in the public interest.
"it will be fascinating for me to sit back and watch this unfold," he said, "because people have to go back to the roots of democracy to make it work. you can't play third-grade games anymore."
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ˈstrəgəlɪŋ ˈnuˌkæsəl naɪts ər pɔɪzd tɪ əˈnaʊns ðə ˈsaɪnɪŋz əv ˈsɪdni ˈrustərz ˈsɛntər ˈbrɛndən ˈɛliət ənd ˌkænˈbɛrə ˈmɪʧəl bɑrˈnɛt tɪ ˈboʊlstər ðɛr skwɑd. ðə ˈdeɪli ˈtɛləˌgræf həz bɪn toʊld boʊθ pleɪərz kʊd bi ɔn dɛk fər ðə naɪts ɛz ˈərli ɛz ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ wɪn ðeɪ teɪk ɔn ðə ˈwɔrjərz æt ˈhəntər ˈsteɪdiəm wɪθ koʊʧ ˈneɪθən braʊn bɪˈlivd tɪ bi kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈrəʃɪŋ ðə pɛr ˈɪntu hɪz 17 ɪf ðeɪ ər riˈlist ɪn taɪm. ɪt ɪz ˌəndərˈstʊd ðə naɪts hæv ɔˈrɛdi əˈgrid tɪ tərmz wɪθ boʊθ pleɪərz ənd ðeɪ kʊd treɪn wɪθ ðɛr nu kləb ɛz ˈərli ɛz ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ɪf ðɛr ˈklɪrənsɪz frəm ðə ˈrustərz ənd ˈreɪdərz kəm θru ɪn taɪm. ˈɛliət, ə hu pleɪd hɪz ˈʤunjər ˈfʊtˌbɔl wɪθ ˈrənəˌweɪ beɪ ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ saɪnd baɪ ðə ˈrustərz, həz pleɪd 14 geɪmz ənd ɪz tɪpt tɪ pleɪ ɪn ðə ˈsɛntərz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈwɔrjərz ɪf ˈneɪθən rɔs ɪz ruld aʊt wɪθ ə kæf ˈɪnʤəri. ˈbrɛndən ˈɛliət ɪz sɛt tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə naɪts. ˈpɪkʧər: mɑrk ˈɛvənz sɔrs: nuz ˈkɔrpərˈeɪʃən ɔˈstreɪljə rɔs hæd skænz ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈæftər biɪŋ fɔrst ɔf ˈdʊrɪŋ lɔs tɪ nɔrθ kˈwinzˌlænd ɪn townsville*. bɑrˈnɛt ɪz ə ˈtaɪgərz ˈʤunjər hu pleɪd ɪn ðə loʊər greɪdz æt ðə naɪts ˌbiˈfɔr sˈwɪʧɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈreɪdərz ɪn 2013 hi pleɪd tu geɪmz fər ˌkænˈbɛrə læst ˈsizən bət həz bɪn ɔn ðə pərˈɪfəri ðɪs ˈsizən ənd əˈneɪbəl tɪ fɔrs hɪz weɪ ˈɪntu ðə strɔŋ ˈreɪdərz pæk. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈnuˌkæsəl ˈwɪŋər uate*, hu wɑz dəmpt tɪ kəp læst wik bət pleɪ əˈgɛnst ˈmænli bɪˈkəz ðə geɪm wɑz ə wash-out*, əˈpɪrz ˈsərtən tɪ bi ˈoʊvərˌlʊkt fər ə ˈriˌkɔl wɪn braʊn neɪmz hɪz ˈlaɪˌnəp ˈleɪtər təˈdeɪ fər ðə ˈwɔrjərz klæʃ.
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struggling newcastle knights are poised to announce the mid-season signings of sydney roosters centre brendan elliot and canberra backrower mitchell barnett to bolster their injury-ravaged squad.
the daily telegraph has been told both players could be on deck for the bottom-placed knights as early as saturday when they take on the warriors at hunter stadium with coach nathan brown believed to be considering rushing the pair into his 17 if they are released in time.
it is understood the knights have already agreed to terms with both players and they could train with their new club as early as wednesday if their clearances from the roosters and raiders come through in time.
elliot, a queenslander who played his junior football with runaway bay before being signed by the roosters, has played 14 nrl games and is tipped to play in the centres against the warriors if nathan ross is ruled out with a calf injury.
brendan elliot is set to join the knights. picture: mark evans source: news corp australia
ross had scans on monday after being forced off during saturday’s loss to north queensland in townsville.
barnett is a wingham tigers junior who played in the lower grades at the knights before switching to the raiders in 2013.
he played two nrl games for canberra last season but has been on the periphery this season and unable to force his way into the strong raiders pack.
meanwhile, newcastle winger akuila uate, who was dumped to nsw cup last week but didn’t play against manly because the game was a wash-out, appears certain to be overlooked for a recall when brown names his line-up later today for the warriors clash.
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ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈdeɪli, ˈpɛrɪs ɪz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɛz ə tim əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈtrænsfər ˈrumər. ðə ˈwɪndoʊ ˈivɪn ˈoʊpən jɛt ənd ðɛr hæv bɪn noʊ lɛs ðən 10 pleɪərz sɛd tɪ bi ɔn ðɛr weɪ tɪ ðə pɑrk dɪ ˈprɪnsɪz. ɔˈrɛdi ˈsɪftɪd θru səm əv ðə ˈtrænsfər ˈgɑsəp bət ðə læst ˈkəpəl wiks hæv brɔt ˈivɪn mɔr ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən. hir, wi ræŋk ðə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti əv ðoʊz ˈrumərz ɔn ə skeɪl əv 1 ˈminɪŋ ˈhaɪli ənˈlaɪkli ənd 10 ˈminɪŋ ðə pleɪər wɪl ˌæbsəˈlutli bi ˈwɛrɪŋ ðə ruʒ ɛt blu nɛkst ˈsizən. ˈhætɪm bɛn arfa*: ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈrumər sim tɪ wɔnt tɪ goʊ əˈweɪ. ðə nis pleɪər rɪˈʤuvəˌneɪtɪd hɪz kərɪr ənd hɛlpt hɪz kləb ˈfɪnɪʃ fɔrθ ɪn ðə lig wɪθ ən ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv 17 goʊlz. ˈrisənt rɪˈpɔrts səˈʤɛst ðət, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə ənd ˌliəˈneɪ ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈsaɪnɪŋ ðə ˈfrɛnʧmæn, ɛz hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt rənz aʊt ðɪs ˈsəmər ənd fri tɪ saɪn ˈɛniˌwɛr. hi wʊd bi ə ˈwɛlkəmd əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈpɛrɪs ˈdrɛsɪŋ rum ɛz wɛl, wɪθ ˈdeɪvɪd luz ənd bleɪz rɪˈpɔrtədli kin ɔn ˈbrɪŋɪŋ hɪz ˈtælənts tɪ ðə ˈkæpɪtəl kləb. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ bɪˈliv ðɪs ˈtrænsfər wɪl ˈhæpən. ðə ɪz kˈwɪkli ˈnɪrɪŋ ðə ɛnd əv hɪz pik ənd hɪz bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈɪʃuz ər ðə læst θɪŋ ðɪs tim nidz. ðɛr ər tu ˈmɛni daʊts əˈbaʊt ðə pleɪər bət aɪ θɪŋk laɪən wɪl teɪk ə ʧæns ɔn ɪm.: ðə ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə stɑr ɪz wən əv ðə bɪg neɪmz wɪl wɔnt tɪ saɪn tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðə ˈaʊtˌgoʊɪŋ ibrahimovic*. ðə ˈeɪʤənt həz ˈspoʊkən ˈpɑzətɪvli əˈbaʊt ə muv tɪ ˈpɛrɪs ənd ðə pleɪər ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈoʊpən tɪ ðə muv du tɪ ðə strɔŋ brəˈzɪljən kənˈtɪnʤənt æt ðə kləb. aɪ si ðə ˈrumər tɪ bi ˈhaɪli ənˈlaɪkli ənd ðə ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən kʊd bi ˈeɪʤənt traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt ə ˈbɛtər dil fər hɪz klaɪənt frəm ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə. ˌɔlˈðoʊ, ɪt wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə ˈkætɑˌlɑn kləb ɪz ɪn səm ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈtrəbəl ənd meɪ hæv ˈtrəbəl ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt. ˈivɪn ɪf ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈɪʃu ər tru, aɪ si ðə ˈʧæmpiənz əv speɪn əˈlaʊɪŋ wən əv ðɛr praɪzd pleɪərz tɪ liv. ðə brəˈzɪl ˈkæptən, hu ˈaɪdəˌlaɪzɪz ˈlaɪənəl messi*, həz hɪz praɪˈɔrəti sɛt ɔn rɪˈnuɪŋ hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt. ənˈlɛs ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪkˈstrim ˈhæpənz, noʊ weɪ ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðɪs ˈsəmər. ælɪkˈsɑndər: 4 ðə ˈfrɛnʧmæn, hu wɑz lɪŋkt wɪθ ɔl θru læst ˈsəmər ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə trɪˈmɛndəs ˈsizən wɪθ laɪən, həz bɪn lɪŋkt wɪθ ðə kləb wəns əˈgɛn. waɪl bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ˈpɛrɪs ˈstɑrtɪd ˈɛni dɪˈskəʃənz wɪθ laɪən, ˈbrəðər həz sɛd ðə pleɪər ɪz ˈoʊpən tɪ ə muv tɪ ˈlaɪkli du tɪ dɪˈpɑrʧər. ˈfərðər rɪˈpɔrts hæv ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɪntu pəˈzɪʃən ɔn ðə wɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˌjərəgˈweɪən ˈɑkjəˌpaɪɪŋ hɪz prɪˈfərd ˈsɛntrəl roʊl. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ l'equipe*, ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn laɪənz ælɪkˈsɑndər tɪ pleɪ aʊt waɪd wɪθ ˈlaɪkli tɪ muv ˌɪnˈsaɪd. ˈʤɑnəθən ˈʤɑnsən (@jon_legossip*) meɪ 18 2016 ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈreɪtɪd æt ˈoʊvər ˈmɪljən ənd aɪ daʊt, dɪˈspaɪt ðɛr ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, wɪl bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ peɪ ðət əˈmaʊnt fər ə pleɪər əv hɪz kˈwɑləti ɛz hɪz fɔrm həz drɑpt ɔf ˈsəmˈwət ðɪs pæst ˈsizən. ˈgeɪbriəl bɑrˈboʊsə: ˈpɑpjələrli noʊn ɛz gabigol*, bɑrˈboʊsə ɪz ˈreɪtɪd əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd səm əv ðə bɛst ˈtælənts ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt əv brəˈzɪl æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt. ðə brəˈzɪljən həz ˈrisəntli bɪn lɪŋkt wɪθ ə muv tɪ wɪθ hɪz ˈeɪʤənt kənˈfərmɪŋ tɔks wɪθ ˈspɔrtɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər ˌoʊˈlɪˌviˌeɪ əˈbaʊt ə pəˈtɛnʃəl muv. ðɪs ˈrumər həz hɪt ə bɪt əv ə ləl bət wɪθ ðə ˈpraɪsɪz fər moʊst jəŋ, ˈprɑməsɪŋ ˈstraɪkərz əˈkrɔs ˈjʊrəp ˈraɪzɪŋ tɪ əraʊnd ˈmɪljən, ðə ˈjəŋstər, hu kən pleɪ ˈsɛntrəli ɛz wɛl ɛz ɔn ðə wɪŋz, wʊd kəm məʧ ˈʧipər ənd kʊd bi ə ˈsɑləd əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə. aɪ ədˈmɪt ðət moʊst ˈtrænsfərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ brəˈzɪljənz ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ˈjʊrəp ər hɪt ər mɪs bət ðɪs wən meɪ bi wərθ ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə rɪsk. hi həz bɪn lɪŋkt wɪθ ˈnumərəs kləbz əˈkrɔs ˈjʊrəp bət ðə brəˈzɪljən ˈɪnfluəns ɪn paris’*’ ræŋks kʊd hɛlp sweɪ ɪm. ðɛr wɑz tɔk ˈrisəntli əˈbaʊt ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ muv ˈmæksˌwɛl ɔn tɪ fri əp wən ˈɛkstrə pleɪər spɑt bət rɪˈpɔrts ðət ˈmæksˌwɛl kʊd ɪkˈstɛnd hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt rɪˈdus ˈʧænsɪz əv ˈsaɪnɪŋ ðə frəm ˈsæntoʊs fc*. ɑntˈwɑn griezmann*: 4 ˈreɪtɪd ə 6 ɪn ðə læst ˈtrænsfər ˈrumərz poʊst, ðə ˈʧænsɪz əv ðə pleɪər ˈsaɪnɪŋ fər ˈpɛrɪs hæv bɪn ˈgreɪtli rɪˈdust wɪθ rɪˈpɔrts ðət hi wɪl sun ɪkˈstɛnd hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ məˈdrɪd. ˌʤioʊˈvɑni loʊ ˈsɛlsoʊ: ɪf ju ˈfɑloʊ ˈtrænsfər nuz ju ˈprɑbəˌbli hæv sin ðɪs neɪm pɑp əp ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst mənθ ər soʊ. ˈlɔrənt blæŋk ˈivɪn kənˈfərmd ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðə pleɪər. ðə ˈɑrʤənˌtin, hu kən ˈfəŋkʃən ɔn ðə wɪŋz ər ɪn ðə ˌhɑviˈɛr ˈpæˌstɔr roʊl ɪn ðə midfield*, ɪz rɪˈpɔrtədli nɪr kəmˈplitɪŋ ə dil wɪθ ðə kləb. ðɛr kʊd bi ə dɪˈleɪ ɪn hɪz ərˈaɪvəl bət ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt lʊks ˈɪmənənt. ˈfoʊtəˌgræf əv baɪ ˈrɪʧərd ˈɪmɪʤɪz
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almost daily, paris saint-germain is reported as a team of interest in the latest transfer rumor. the window isn’t even open yet and there have been no less than 10 players said to be on their way to the parc des princes. we’ve already sifted through some of the transfer gossip but the last couple weeks have brought even more speculation. here, we rank the probability of those rumors on a scale of 1-10; 1 meaning highly unlikely and 10 meaning the player will absolutely be wearing the rouge et bleu next season.
hatem ben arfa: 3.5
this particular rumor doesn’t seem to want to go away. the ogc nice player rejuvenated his career and helped his club finish fourth in the league with an impressive 17 goals. recent reports suggest that psg, along with barcelona and olympique lyonnais are interested in signing the frenchman, as his contract runs out this summer and he’s free to sign anywhere. he would be a welcomed addition to the paris dressing room as well, with david luiz and blaise matuidi reportedly keen on bringing his talents to the capital club.
however, i don’t believe this transfer will happen. the 29-year-old is quickly nearing the end of his peak and his well-documented behavioral issues are the last thing this team needs. there are too many doubts about the player but i think lyon will take a chance on him.
neymar: 1.5
the barcelonaar is one of the big names psg will want to sign to replace the outgoing zlatan ibrahimovic. the player’s agent has spoken positively about a move to paris and the player is also open to the move due to therong brazilian contingent at the club.
i see the rumor to be highly unlikely and the speculation could be neymar’s agent trying to get a better deal for his client from barcelona. although, it was reported that the catalan club is in some financial trouble and may have trouble extending his contract.
even if the financial issue are true, i can’t see the champions of spain allowing one of their prized players to leave. the brazil captain, who idolizes lionel messi, has his priority set on renewing his contract. unless something extreme happens, there’s no way neymar is coming to psg this summer.
alexandre lacazette: 4
the frenchman, who was linked with psg all through last summer following a tremendous season with lyon, has been linked with the club once again. while it’s been reported that paris haven’tarted any discussions with lyon, lacazette’s brother has said the player is open to a move to paris—most likely due to ibrahimovic’s departure.
further reports have lacazette moving into edinson cavani’s position on the wing with the uruguayan occupying his preferred central role.
according to l'equipe, psg are interested in lyon's alexandre lacazette to play out wide with edinson cavani likely to move inside. — jonathan johnson (@jon_legossip) may 18, 2016
lacazette is currently rated at over €50 million and i doubt psg, despite their financial situation, will be willing to pay that amount for a player of his quality as his form has dropped off somewhat this past season.
gabriel barbosa: 3.5
popularly known as gabigol, barbosa is rated alongside some of the best talents coming out of brazil at the moment. the brazilian has recently been linked with a move to psg with his agent confirming talks with psg sporting director olivier letang about a potential move.
this rumor has hit a bit of a lull but with the prices for most young, promisingrikers across europe rising to around €50 million, the youngster, who can play centrally as well as on the wings, would come much cheaper and could be a solid addition to the psg.
i admit that most transfers involving brazilians coming to europe are hit or miss but this one may be worth taking the risk. he has been linked with numerous clubs across europe but the brazilian influence in paris’ ranks could help sway him. there was talk recently about psg wanting to move maxwell on to free up one extra non-eu player spot but reports that maxwell could extend his contract reduce psg’s chances of signing the 20-year-old from santos fc.
antoine griezmann: 4
rated a 6 in the last transfer rumors post, the chances of the player signing for paris saint-germain have been greatly reduced with reports that he will soon extend his contract with atlético madrid.
giovanni lo celso: 9.5
if you follow psg transfer news you probably have seen this name pop up several times over the past month or so. laurent blanc even confirmed the club’s interest in the player.
the argentine, who can function on the wings or in the javier pastore role in the midfield, is reportedly near completing a deal with the club. there could be a delay in his arrival but the announcement looks imminent.
photograph of neymar by richard heathcote/getty images
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dropkick* ˈmərfiz ˈbeɪsɪst kɛn ˈkeɪsi hɛdz ˈoʊvər tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈʤəstɪs tɪ ə ˈskɪnˌhɛd læst wik wɪn ðə ˈmərfiz pleɪd 5 fər tu naɪts, θɪŋz wər goʊɪŋ əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ plæn. ɪt wɑz ˈpætiz deɪ wik, ðə ʃoʊz wər pækt, ənd ˈpipəl wər ˈgɪtɪŋ drəŋk. ənd ˈraʊdi. ˈrɪli ˈraʊdi. ɛz həz bɪˈkəm trəˈdɪʃən ðə bænd ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ðə ˈleɪdiz tɪ kəm ˈɔntu ðə steɪʤ fər ðɛr ˈɑnˌkɔr əv "kɪs mi əm shitfaced*" 50 ˈleɪdiz meɪd ɪt pæst ðə ˈbɛrəˌkeɪd ənd ˈɔntu ðə steɪʤ ənd dænst ðə sɔŋ əˈweɪ. ðə bænd ðɛn kɪkt ˈɪntu "ˈskɪnˌhɛd ɔn ðə mbta*" ənd ə tən əv djudz wər ˈgɪtɪŋ pæst sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ðə steɪʤ ˈɛndɪd əp biɪŋ pækt ˈtaɪtər ðən ðə ˈəndərˌsaɪd əv ə ril mænz kɪlt. ɛz ðə bænd kɪkt ˈɪntu t.n.t*. baɪ səm ˈmɔˌrɑn ˈstɑrtɪd (ðə ˈnɑtsi səˈlut) ɪn taɪm tɪ ðə bit. ˈsɪŋər ˈbeɪsɪst kɛn ˈkeɪsi ˈnoʊtɪst ðɪs ənd ræn raɪt ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə gaɪ, smæʃt ɪm ɪn ðə feɪs, tʊk ɔf hɪz bæs ənd hɪt ɪm wɪθ ðət ənd ðɛn ʤəmpt ɔn ɪm ənd ɔl aʊt keɪɑs ɪnˈsud. wi kʊd ˈoʊnli əˈsum frəm ɑr ˈvæntɪʤ pɔɪnt ðət sɛd ˈnɑtsi gɑt hɪz æs kɪkt. əˈbaʊt 30 ˈsɛkəndz ˈleɪtər kɛn ˈimərʤd frəm ðə ˈpaɪˌləp wɪθ hɪz ʃərt tɔrn ənd meɪd hɪz weɪ bæk tɪ ðə frənt əv ðə steɪʤ. hi stræpt ɔn hɪz bæs ənd sɛd ˈɪntu ðə ˈmaɪkrəˌfoʊn "ˈnɑtsiz ər nɑt ˈfəkɪŋ ˈwɛlkəm æt ə ˈmərfiz ʃoʊ." ðæts səm streɪt əp ˈgæŋstə ʃɪt. gɑd blɛs ju kɛn ˈkeɪsi. ənd gɑd blɛs əˈmɛrɪkə. hir ɪz səm ˈvɪdioʊ əv wət ˈhæpənd: stɑrt əraʊnd ðə mɑrk stɑrt əraʊnd ðə mɑrk
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dropkick murphys bassist ken casey heads over to deliver justice to a nazi-saluting skinhead
last week when the dropkick murphys played termianl 5 for two nights, things were going according to plan. it was st patty's day week, the shows were packed, and people were getting drunk. and rowdy. really rowdy. as has become tradition the band invited the ladies to come onto the stage for their encore of "kiss me i'm shitfaced" 50+ ladies made it past the barricade and onto the stage and danced the song away. the band then kicked into "skinhead on the mbta" and a ton of dudes were getting past security and the stage ended up being packed tighter than the underside of a real man's kilt. as the band kicked into t.n.t. by ac/dc some moron started seig heiling (the nazi salute) in time to the beat.
dropkicks singer / bassist ken casey noticed this and ran right over to the guy, smashed him in the face, took off his bass and hit him with that and then jumped on him and all out chaos ensued. we could only assume from our vantage point that said nazi got his ass kicked. about 30 seconds later ken emerged from the pileup with his shirt torn and made his way back to the front of the stage. he strapped on his bass and said into the microphone "nazis are not fucking welcome at a dropkick murphys show."
that's some straight up gangsta shit. god bless you ken casey. and god bless america.
here is some video of what happened:
start around the 1:30 mark
start around the 8:10 mark
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ðə ˈspaɪni ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ, spurdog*, məd ʃɑrk, ər) ɪz wən əv ðə bɛst noʊn ˈspiʃiz əv ðə (ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ) ˈfæməli əv ʃɑrks, wɪʧ ɪz pɑrt əv ðə ˈɔrdər. waɪl ðiz ˈkɑmən neɪmz meɪ əˈplaɪ tɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈspiʃiz, ɪz dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt baɪ ˈhævɪŋ tu spaɪnz (wən ænˈtɪriər tɪ iʧ ˈdɔrsəl fɪn) ənd læks ən ˈeɪnəl fɪn. ɪt ɪz faʊnd ˈmoʊstli ɪn ˈʃæloʊ ˈwɔtərz ənd ˈfərðər ˈɔfˈʃɔr ɪn moʊst pɑrts əv ðə wərld, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ˈtɛmpərət ˈwɔtərz. ˈspaɪni ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ ɪn ðə ˈnɔrðərn pəˈsɪfɪk ˈoʊʃən hæv ˈrisəntli bɪn riɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪd ənd faʊnd tɪ ˈkɑnstəˌtut ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈspiʃiz, naʊ noʊn ɛz "pəˈsɪfɪk ˈspaɪni ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ", dɪˈskrɪpʃən ənd bɪˈheɪvjər ˈɛdət ðə ˈspaɪni ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ həz ˈdɔrsəl fɪnz, noʊ ˈeɪnəl fɪn, ənd dɑrk grin spɑts əˈlɔŋ ɪts bæk. ðə ˈkɔdəl fɪn həz ˌeɪsəˈmɛtrɪkəl loʊbz, ˈfɔrmɪŋ ə ˌhɛtəroʊˈsərkəl teɪl. ðə ˈspiʃiz neɪm rɪˈfərz tɪ ðə tu spaɪnz. ðiz ər juzd dɪˈfɛnsɪvli. ɪf ˈkæpʧərd, ðə ʃɑrk kən ɑrʧ ɪts bæk tɪ pɪrs ɪts ˈkæptər wɪθ spaɪnz nɪr ðə ˈdɔrsəl fɪnz ðət sɪˈkrit ə maɪld ˈvɛnəm ˈɪntu ɪts ðɪs ʃɑrk ɪz noʊn tɪ hənt ɪn pæks ðət kən reɪnʤ əp ˈɪntu ðə ˈθaʊzənz. ðeɪ ər əˈgrɛsɪv ˈhəntərz ənd hæv ə ˈsaɪzəbəl daɪət ðət kən reɪnʤ frəm skwɪd, fɪʃ, kræb, ˈʤɛliˌfɪʃ, si ˈkjukəmbər, ʃrɪmp ənd ˈəðər meɪlz məˈʧʊr æt əraʊnd 11 jɪrz əv eɪʤ, groʊɪŋ tɪ ft*) ɪn lɛŋθ; ˈfiˌmeɪlz məˈʧʊr ɪn jɪrz ənd ər sˈlaɪtli ˈlɑrʤər ðən meɪlz, ˈriʧɪŋ boʊθ ˈsɛksɪz ər braʊn ɪn ˈkələr ənd ər countershaded*. meɪlz ər aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd baɪ ə pɛr əv ˈpɛlvɪk fɪnz ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd ɛz ˈɔrgənz, ər "claspers*". ðə meɪl ˌɪnˈsərts wən ˈɪntu ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈdʊrɪŋ copulation*. ˌriprəˈdəkʃən ɪz vaɪˈvɪpərəs, wɪʧ wɑz ˌbiˈfɔr kɔld ovoviviparity*. ˌfərtəlɪˈzeɪʃən ɪz ˌɪnˈtərnəl. ðə meɪl ˌɪnˈsərts wən ˈɪntu ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈɔrəfəs ənd ˌɪnˈʤɛkts spərm əˈlɔŋ ə gruv ɔn ðə ˈdɔrsəl ˈsɛkʃən. ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˌfərtəlɪˈzeɪʃən, ðə ɛgz ər sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ θɪn ʃɛlz kɔld "ˈkændəlz" wɪθ wən ˈkændəl ˈjuʒəwəli sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl ɛgz. ˈmeɪtɪŋ teɪks pleɪs ɪn ðə ˈwɪntər mənθs wɪθ ʤɛˈsteɪʃən ˈlæstɪŋ mənθs. ˈlɪtərz reɪnʤ bɪtˈwin 2 ənd 11 bət ˈævərɪʤ 6 ər 7 ˈspaɪni ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ ər bottom-dwellers*. ðeɪ ər ˈkɑmənli faʊnd æt dɛpθs əv əraʊnd ɛm ft*), bət hæv bɪn faʊnd ˈdipər ðən 700 ɛm laɪf spæn ɪz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd tɪ bi əp tɪ 100 jɪrz ənd ðɛr ʤɛˈsteɪʃən ˈpɪriəd ɪz 18 tɪ 24 mənθs, wɪʧ meɪ bi ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst əv ˈɛni noʊn hɛd ʤɔz ˈəpər tiθ loʊər tiθ kəˈmərʃəl juz ˈɛdət ˈspaɪni ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ ər kənˈsumd ɛz ˈjumən fud ɪn ˈjʊrəp, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈkænədə, nu ˈzilənd ənd ˈʧɪli. ðə mit ɪz praɪˈmɛrəli kənˈsumd ɪn ˈɪŋglənd, fræns, ˈɪtəli ðə ˈbɛnələks ˈkəntriz ənd ˈʤərməni. ðə fɪnz ənd teɪlz ər ˈprɑsɛst ˈɪntu fɪn ˈnidəlz ənd ər juzd ɪn lɛs ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈvərʒənz əv ʃɑrk fɪn sup ɪn ʧaɪˈniz kwɪˈzin. ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ðɪs ənd ˈəðər ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ ər soʊld ɪn fɪʃ ənd ʧɪp ʃɑps ɛz "həs", ənd ɪt wɑz hɪˈstɔrɪkəli soʊld ɛz "rɑk ˈsæmən" ənˈtɪl ðɪs tərm wɑz ˈaʊˌtlɔd baɪ kənˈsumər ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən. ɪn fræns ɪt ɪz soʊld ɛz "smɔl ˈsæmən" (saumonette*) ənd ɪn ˈbɛlʤəm ənd ˈʤərməni ɪt ɪz soʊld ɛz "si il" ənd seeaal*, rɪˈspɛktɪvli). ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ juzd ɛz ˈfərtəˌlaɪzər, ˈlɪvər ɔɪl, ənd pɛt fud, ənd, bɪˈkəz əv ɪts əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti, skəl, ənd ˈmænɪʤəbəl saɪz, ɛz ə ˈpɑpjələr ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈdaɪsɛkʃən ˈspɛsəmən, ɪn boʊθ haɪ skulz ənd ˌjunəˈvərsətiz. ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈkæʧɪz ɪn ˈvɛrid bɪtˈwin 2008 ənd 2000 ˈbɑtəm ˈtrɔlərz ənd sɪŋk ər ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ɪkˈwɪpmənt juzd tɪ ˈhɑrvəst ˈspaɪni ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ. ɪn ənd ˈsəðərn nu ˈɪŋglənd ˈfɪʃəriz, ðeɪ ər ˈɔfən kɔt wɪn ˈhɑrvəstɪŋ ˈlɑrʤər groundfish*, ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɛz bycatch*, ənd dɪˈskɑrdɪd. ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl ˈfɪʃɪŋ əˈkaʊnts fər ən ˌɪnsɪgnˈjɪfɪkənt ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˈspaɪni ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ ðə keɪp ˈsiˈoʊˈdi kəˈmərʃəl əˈlaɪəns həz ˈspɑnsərd ən ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv wɪʧ prəˈmoʊts ˈloʊkəl, kɔt juz əv ðə ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ ɪn ˈrɛˌstrɑnts ənd fɪʃ ˈmɑrkɪts ɪn ðə keɪp ˈsiˈoʊˈdi ˈɛriə əv ˌmæsəˈʧusəts. ðə ˈɛfərt ɪz ˈfəndɪd baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌoʊʃənəˈgræfɪk ənd ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ənd əˈtɛmpts tɪ gɪt ðə ˈpəblɪk tɪ kənˈsum ˈəndər ˈjutəˌlaɪzd ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˈstætəs ənd ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈɛdət wəns ðə moʊst əˈbəndənt ʃɑrk ˈspiʃiz ɪn ðə wərld, ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz əv hæv dɪˈklaɪnd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli. ðeɪ ər ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɪn ðə rɛd lɪst əv θˈrɛtənd ˈspiʃiz ɛz ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈgloʊbəli ənd ˈkrɪtɪkəli ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd ɪn ðə ˌnɔrˈθist əˈtlæntɪk, ˈminɪŋ stɑks əraʊnd ˈjʊrəp hæv ˈdiˌkrist baɪ æt list 95 ðɪs ɪz ə dɪˈrɛkt rɪˈzəlt əv ˈoʊvərˌfɪʃɪŋ tɪ səˈplaɪ ˈnɔrðərn ˈjʊrəps teɪst fər rɑk ˈsæmən, ər zeepaling*. dɪˈspaɪt ðiz əˈlɑrmɪŋ ˈfɪgjərz, ˈvɛri fju ˈmænɪʤmənt ər ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˈmɛʒərz ər ɪn pleɪs fər ɪn ˈwɔtərz, ə ˈtoʊtəl əˈlaʊəbəl kæʧ (tæk) həz bɪn ɪn pleɪs sɪns 1999 bət ənˈtɪl 2007 ɪt ˈoʊnli əˈplaɪd tɪ ˈaɪsɪz ˈɛriəz ənd iv*. ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ sɛt wɛl əˈbəv ðə ˈækʧəwəl weɪt əv fɪʃ biɪŋ kɔt ənˈtɪl 2005 ˈrɛndərɪŋ ɪt ˈminɪŋləs. sɪns 2009 ə ˈmæksəməm ˈlændɪŋ saɪz əv 1 ɛm ft*) həz bɪn ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə moʊst ˈvæljəbəl məˈʧʊr ˈfiˌmeɪlz. ðə tæk fər 2011 wɑz sɛt æt 0 tənz, ˈɛndɪŋ ˈtɑrgətɪd ˈfɪʃɪŋ fər ðə ˈspiʃiz ɪn ˈwɔtərz. ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz tɪ bi sin ɪf ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ɪn ðə ˈrisənt pæst ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈmɑrkɪt fər ˈspaɪni ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ həz ˌɪnˈkrist drəˈmætɪkəli, wɪʧ lɛd tɪ ðə ˈoʊvərˌfɪʃɪŋ ənd dɪˈklaɪn əv ðə ˈspiʃiz. ðɪs ˈdræstɪk ˌɪnˈkris lɛd tɪ ðə kriˈeɪʃən ənd ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ˈmɛni ˈfɪʃəri ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈpɑləsiz ˈpleɪsɪŋ riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn ðə ˈfɪʃɪŋ əv ˈspaɪni ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, sɪns ðə ˈspiʃiz ɪz ə leɪt məˈʧʊrɪŋ fɪʃ, ɪt teɪks ə waɪl tɪ riˈbɪld ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ɪn 2010 ˈgrinˌpis ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈædɪd ðə ˈspaɪni ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ tɪ ɪts ˈsiˌfud rɛd lɪst. "ðə ˈgrinˌpis ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈsiˌfud rɛd lɪst ɪz ə lɪst əv fɪʃ ðət ər ˈkɑmənli soʊld ɪn ˈsupərˌmɑrkɪts əraʊnd ðə wərld, ənd wɪʧ hæv ə ˈvɛri haɪ rɪsk əv biɪŋ frəm ˌənsəˈsteɪnəbəl ɪn ðə seɪm jɪr, ðə kənˈvɛnʃən ɔn ˈmaɪgrəˌtɔri ˈspiʃiz (cms*; ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ðə bɑn kənˈvɛnʃən) ˈlɪstɪd ðə ˈspiʃiz (ˈnɔrðərn ˈhɛmɪsˌfɪr ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz) ˈəndər ˈæˌnɛks aɪ əv ɪts ˈmaɪgrəˌtɔri ʃɑrk ˌmɛmərˈændəm əv ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈjuˈɛs həz ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ˈfɪʃɪŋ kənˈtroʊlz ənd ˈoʊpənd əp ðə ˈfɪʃəri. ðə prəˈpoʊzd kˈwoʊtə fər 2011 wɑz ˈmɪljən paʊnz ˈmɪljən kg*) wɪθ ə trɪp ˈlɪmət əv paʊnz kg*), ən ˌɪnˈkris ˈoʊvər pæst jɪrz ɪn wɪʧ ðə kˈwoʊtə həz reɪnʤd frəm 5 ˈmɪljən paʊnz ˈmɪljən kg*) tɪ 20 ˈmɪljən paʊnz ˈmɪljən kg*) wɪθ trɪp ˈlɪmɪts frəm tɪ paʊnz 910 tɪ ɪn 2010 ˈɛˈnoʊˈeɪˈeɪ əˈnaʊnst ðə ˈistərn ˈjuˈɛs əˈtlæntɪk ˈspaɪni ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ stɑks tɪ bi ənd ɪn 2011 kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ ˈpoʊzɪŋ ə ˈsɪriəs ˈprɛdəˌtɔri θrɛt tɪ ˈəðər stɑks rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ən ˈimərʤənsi əˈmɛndmənt əv ðə kˈwoʊtə wɪθ ˈnɪrli 15 ˈmɪljən paʊnz ˈmɪljən kg*) biɪŋ ɪn ʤun 2018 ðə nu ˈzilənd dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ðə ˈspaɪni ˈdɔgˌfɪʃ ɛz "nɑt θˈrɛtənd" wɪθ ðə kˈwɑləˌfaɪər "sɪˈkjʊr ˈoʊvərˈsiz" ˈəndər ðə nu ˈzilənd θrɛt ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈfɑsəl reɪnʤ ˈɛdət ɛz ə fɪʃ, ʃɑrk ˈtɪʃuz ˈjuʒəwəli du nɑt ˈfɑsəˌlaɪz. ˈfɑsəlz deɪt bæk tɪ ðə ˈmaɪəˌsin 11
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the spiny dogfish, spurdog, mud shark, or piked dogfish[2] (squalus acanthias) is one of the best known species of the squalidae (dogfish) family of sharks, which is part of the squaliformes order. while these common names may apply to several species, squalus acanthias is distinguished by having two spines (one anterior to each dorsal fin) and lacks an anal fin. it is found mostly in shallow waters and further offshore in most parts of the world, especially in temperate waters. spiny dogfish in the northern pacific ocean have recently been reevaluated and found to constitute a separate species, now known as "pacific spiny dogfish", squalus suckleyi.[3]
description and behavior [ edit ]
the spiny dogfish has dorsal fins, no anal fin, and dark green spots along its back. the caudal fin has asymmetrical lobes, forming a heterocercal tail. the species name acanthias refers to the shark's two spines. these are used defensively. if captured, the shark can arch its back to pierce its captor with spines near the dorsal fins that secrete a mild venom into its predator.[4]
this shark is known to hunt in packs that can range up into the thousands. they are aggressive hunters and have a sizable diet that can range from squid, fish, crab, jellyfish, sea cucumber, shrimp and other invertebrates.[5]
males mature at around 11 years of age, growing to 80–100 cm (2.6–3.3 ft) in length; females mature in 18–21 years and are slightly larger than males, reaching 98.5–159 cm (3.23–5.22 ft).[6] both sexes are greyish brown in color and are countershaded. males are identified by a pair of pelvic fins modified as sperm-transfer organs, or "claspers". the male inserts one clasper into the female cloaca during copulation.
reproduction is aplacental viviparous, which was before called ovoviviparity. fertilization is internal. the male inserts one clasper into the female oviduct orifice and injects sperm along a groove on the clasper's dorsal section. immediately following fertilization, the eggs are surrounded by thin shells called "candles" with one candle usually surrounding several eggs. mating takes place in the winter months with gestation lasting 22–24 months. litters range between 2 and 11 but average 6 or 7.
spiny dogfish are bottom-dwellers. they are commonly found at depths of around 50–149 m (164–489 ft), but have been found deeper than 700 m (2,300 ft).[7]
life span is estimated to be up to 100 years and their gestation period is 18 to 24 months, which may be the longest of any known animal.[8]
head
jaws
upper teeth
lower teeth
commercial use [ edit ]
spiny dogfish are consumed as human food in europe, the united states, canada, new zealand and chile. the meat is primarily consumed in england, france, italy the benelux countries and germany. the fins and tails are processed into fin needles and are used in less expensive versions of shark fin soup in chinese cuisine. in england this and other dogfish are sold in fish and chip shops as "huss", and it was historically sold as "rock salmon" until this term was outlawed by consumer legislation. in france it is sold as "small salmon" (saumonette) and in belgium and germany it is sold as "sea eel" (zeepaling and seeaal, respectively). it is also used as fertilizer, liver oil, and pet food, and, because of its availability, cartilaginous skull, and manageable size, as a popular vertebrate dissection specimen, in both high schools and universities. reported catches in 2000–2009 varied between 13,800 (2008) and 31,700 (2000) tonnes.[9]
bottom trawlers and sink gillnets are the primary equipment used to harvest spiny dogfish. in mid-atlantic and southern new england fisheries, they are often caught when harvesting larger groundfish, classified as bycatch, and discarded. recreational fishing accounts for an insignificant portion of the spiny dogfish harvest.[10]
the cape cod commercial fishermen’s alliance has sponsored an initiative which promotes local, sustainably caught use of the dogfish in restaurants and fish markets in the cape cod area of massachusetts. the effort is funded by the national oceanographic and atmospheric administration and attempts to get the public to consume under utilized fish.[11]
conservation status and management [ edit ]
once the most abundant shark species in the world, populations of squalus acanthias have declined significantly. they are classified in the iucn red list of threatened species as vulnerable globally and critically endangered in the northeast atlantic, meaning stocks around europe have decreased by at least 95%. this is a direct result of overfishing to supply northern europe's taste for rock salmon, saumonette or zeepaling. despite these alarming figures, very few management or conservation measures are in place for squalus acanthias.[1] in eu waters, a total allowable catch (tac) has been in place since 1999, but until 2007 it only applied to ices areas iia and iv. it was also set well above the actual weight of fish being caught until 2005, rendering it meaningless. since 2009 a maximum landing size of 1 m (3.3 ft) has been imposed in order to protect the most valuable mature females. the tac for 2011 was set at 0 tons, ending targeted fishing for the species in eu waters. it remains to be seen if populations will be able to recover.[12]
in the recent past the european market for spiny dogfish has increased dramatically, which led to the overfishing and decline of the species. this drastic increase led to the creation and implementation of many fishery management policies placing restrictions on the fishing of spiny dogfish. however, since the species is a late maturing fish, it takes a while to rebuild the population.
in 2010, greenpeace international added the spiny dogfish to its seafood red list. "the greenpeace international seafood red list is a list of fish that are commonly sold in supermarkets around the world, and which have a very high risk of being sourced from unsustainable fisheries."[13] in the same year, the convention on migratory species (cms; also known as the bonn convention) listed the species (northern hemisphere populations) under annex i of its migratory shark memorandum of understanding.[14]
in recent years however, the us has implemented fishing controls and opened up the fishery. the proposed quota for 2011 was 35.5 million pounds (16.1 million kg) with a trip limit of 4,000 pounds (1,800 kg), an increase over past years in which the quota has ranged from 5 million pounds (2.3 million kg) to 20 million pounds (9.1 million kg) with trip limits from 2,000 to 3,000 pounds (910 to 1,360 kg).[15] in 2010, noaa announced the eastern us atlantic spiny dogfish stocks to be rebuilt[16] and in 2011 concerns about dogfish posing a serious predatory threat to other stocks resulted in an emergency amendment of the quota with nearly 15 million pounds (6.8 million kg) being added.[17]
in june 2018 the new zealand department of conservation classified the spiny dogfish as "not threatened" with the qualifier "secure overseas" under the new zealand threat classification system.[18]
fossil range [ edit ]
as a cartilaginous fish, shark tissues usually do not fossilize.
squalus acanthias fossils date back to the miocene 11 mya.[19]
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ˈtərnər ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ ˌænəˈmeɪʃən, jəŋ ˈædəlts ənd kɪdz ˈmidiə (ayakm*) grup həz prəˈmoʊtəd ˈʤeɪsən dɪˈmɑrkoʊ tɪ ˌviˈpi əv strəˈtiʤɪk ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ənd pərˈmoʊʃənz fər kɑrˈtun ˈnɛtˌwərk ənd ˈædəlt swɪm. ɪn hɪz nu roʊl rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ʧif ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ˈɔfɪsər ˈbrɛndə ˈpaɪpər, dɪˈmɑrkoʊ, hu wɑz moʊst ˈrisəntli kɑrˈtun ˈnɛtˌwərk ənd ˈædəlt kriˈeɪtɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv seɪlz ənd pərˈmoʊʃənz, wɪl bi tæskt wɪθ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ənd ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ pərˈmoʊʃənəl ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræmz ðət groʊ iʧ ˈnɛtˌwərk boʊθ ɔn ənd off-channel*. hi wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈsupərˌvaɪzɪŋ ˈspɛʃəl ɪˈvɛnts ənd treɪd ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ækˈtɪvɪti, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə kɑrˈtun ˈnɛtˌwərk ənd ˈædəlt swɪm ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ˈəpˌfrənt ˈproʊˌgræmz. dɪˈmɑrkoʊ bɪˈgæn hɪz kɑrˈtun ˈnɛtˌwərk kərɪr ɛz ə ˈsinjər ˈraɪtər ənd prəˈdusər fər ənd ˈleɪtər, ɛz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt kriˈeɪtɪv dɪˈrɛktər fər toonami/miguzi*, hi pleɪd ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl roʊl ɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈsɪgnəʧər ˈpækɪʤɪŋ fər ʃoʊz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ zi ənd pokémon*.
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turner broadcasting system’s animation, young adults and kids media (ayakm) group has promoted jason demarco to vp of strategic marketing and promotions for cartoon network and adult swim.
in his new atlanta-based role reporting directly to turner’s ayakm chief marketing officer brenda piper, demarco, who was most recently cartoon network and adult swim’s creative director of sales and promotions, will be tasked with creating and executing promotional marketing programs that grow each network both on and off-channel.
he will also be responsible for supervising ayakm special events and trade marketing activity, including the cartoon network and adult swim advertising upfront programs.
demarco began his cartoon network career as a senior writer and producer for toonami and later, as associate creative director for toonami/miguzi, he played a critical role in developing signature on-air packaging for shows including dragonball z and pokémon.
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ʤeɪ zi ɛz ˈɔfən ɛz ʤeɪ rɪˈlisɪz nu mˈjuzɪk, wɪʧ ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli ˈnɛvər. bət ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ (ʤun 15 ˈæftər biɪŋ ðə fərst ˈræpər tɪ ˈɛvər bi ˌɪnˈdəktɪd ˈɪntu ðə ˈsɔŋˌraɪtərz hɔl əv feɪm, ˈrændəmli pɑpt əp ɔn tˈwɪtər ənd ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv naɪn, ˈʃaʊtɪd aʊt 96 ˈdɪfərənt ˈræpərz ər ræp ækts hu, hi sɪz, hæv ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ɪm. (oʊ, ənd ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə, ðə "ˈgreɪtəst ˈræpər əv ˌɔlˈtaɪm.") waɪl wi stɪl doʊnt noʊ ɪf ðɛrz ə nu ˈælbəm coming—*— jɛs, wi du, ðɛr ˈtoʊtəli wi du noʊ ɪz ðət ˈmɛmpfɪs ɪz ˈnoʊˌwɛr tɪ bi faʊnd (ɛz əv prɛs taɪm) ənd ˈdɪdənt rɪˈsiv hɪz ˈmɛnʃən ənˈtɪl 19 ˈəðər ˈræpərz fɪld əp hɪz ˈkɛrɪktər kaʊnt. oʊ, ənd ʤeɪ ɪz dɪˈlitɪŋ tˈwɪtər ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ, soʊ teɪk skrin ʃɑts! ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt θæŋks fər ˈwɑʧɪŋ! ˈvɪzɪt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt θæŋks fər ˈwɑʧɪŋ! ˈvɪzɪt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt θæŋks fər ˈwɑʧɪŋ! ˈvɪzɪt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ðə fʊl lɪst: bɪg ˈdædi keɪn ʧək di aɪs kjub ˈɑnˌdreɪ noʊˈtɔriəs ʤeɪ. koʊl ˈkɛndrɪk lɑˈmɑr ʧæns ðə ˈræpər ʤeɪ hɪl ˈnɪki ˈɛmˈsi kwin ˈkɑmən dreɪk mik mɪl ˈgrændˈmæstər kul ʤeɪ 2 t.i*. blæk θɔt ˈskɑrˌfeɪs də lɑ soʊl kul ʤi ræp mɛl mɛl ðə ləks ˈskulˌbɔɪ kju lup fiˈæskoʊ mɔs ˈfɑksi braʊn rɪk rɔs fˈjuʧər ˈtrævɪs skɑt ti (hu ʤeɪ sɪz həz ðə bɛst sɔŋ aʊt raɪt naʊ) ˈrɛdˌmæn ˈbəstə raɪmz (əv ˈnɔti baɪ ˈneɪʧər) jəŋ θəg (ər slɪm, ˈmeɪbi, ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt) bɪˌjɔnˈseɪ ("bi ə ˈræpər tu!") lɪl weɪn ˈʤuvəˌnaɪl b.g*. lɪl kɪm sˈlɔtərˌhaʊs (jɛs, ʤoʊ ˈbədən ˌɪnˈkludɪd.) weɪl ˈɛmˈsi tu ʃɔrt mæk 50 sɛnt bɪg ɛl ˈʃoʊbɪz a.g*. nis smuð fæt ʤoʊ bɪg ˈpənɪʃər ˈplænəts (əˈspɛʃəli ˈɪʃmil "ˈbətərˌflaɪ" ˈbətlər) ˈsɪgəl jəŋ krɪs ˈfriˌweɪ staɪlz pi steɪt ˈprɑpərti ti ("mægˈnoʊljə" ɪz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl) ˈeɪˌsæp ˈrɑki ʃɔn praɪs dip kɪd ˈtaɪlər, ðə kriˈeɪtər ərl sˈwɛtˌʃərt snup slɪk (fuckin*) rɪk pɪmp si bən bi bɪg ʃɔn sɔs ˈməni mæk ˈmɪlər (hiz "nis tu") ʤeɪ ˈʤoʊkɪŋ əraʊnd əˈbaʊt nɑt noʊɪŋ haʊ tɪ juz tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈɛndɪŋ tɪ ðɪs pis.
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jay z tweets as often as jay electronica releases new music, which is basically never. but on thursday evening (june 15), after being the first rapper to ever be inducted into the songwriters hall of fame, hov randomly popped up on twitter and over the course of nine tweets, shouted out 96 different rappers or rap acts who, he says, have inspired him. (oh, and president obama, the "greatest rapper of all-time.")
while we still don't know if there's a new album coming— yes, we do, there totally is—what we do know is that memphis bleek is nowhere to be found (as of press time) and kanye didn't receive his mention until 19 other rappers filled up his character count. oh, and jay is deleting twitter in the morning, so take screen shots!
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the full list:
rakim big daddy kane krs-one chuck d ice cube jaz-o eminem andre 3k nas notorious b.i.g 2pac j. cole kendrick lamar chance the rapper jay electronica lauryn hill nicki minaj mc lyte queen latifah common kanye drake meek mill run-dmc grandmaster caz ll cool j 2 chainz cam'ron t.i. q-tip black thought pharoahe monch scarface de la soul ice-t kool g rap melle mel kurupt the lox dmx schoolboy q ab-soul lupe fiasco mos def foxy brown rick ross quavo future travis scott tee grizzley (who jay says has the best song out right now) redman ghostface killah raekwon busta rhymes treach (of naughty by nature) young thug (or slim, maybe, probably not) beyonce ("b a rapper too!") lil wayne juvenile b.g. nipsey hussle lil kim slaughterhouse (yes, joe budden included.) wale mc eiht too short e-40 mac dre 50 cent big l showbiz & a.g. nice & smooth fat joe big punisher digable planets (especially ishmael "butterfly" butler) beanie sigel young chris freeway styles p state property jeezy pusha t playboi carti ("magnolia" is incredible) asap rocky sean price mobb deep kid cudi tyler, the creator earl sweatshirt snoop dogg slick (fuckin) rick pimp c bun b big sean sauce money fabolous mac miller (he's "nice too")
jay joking around about not knowing how to use technology is the perfect ending to this piece.
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ˈkɛvɪn ɛm. kruz ɪz ə prəˈfɛsər əv ˈhɪstəri æt ˈprɪnstən ənd ðə ˈɔθər, moʊst ˈrisəntli, əv wən ˈneɪʃən ˈəndər gɑd: haʊ ˈkɔrpərət əˈmɛrɪkə ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd ˈkrɪsʧɪn əˈmɛrɪkə, frəm wɪʧ ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl həz bɪn əˈdæptɪd. ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 1940 ɛz əˈmɛrɪkə wɑz ˈimərʤɪŋ frəm ðə greɪt dɪˈprɛʃən, mɔr ðən ˌɪnˈdəstriəlɪsts frəm əˈkrɔs ðə ˈneɪʃən meɪd ðɛr ˈjɪrli ˈpɪlgrəmɪʤ tɪ ðə hoʊˈtɛl ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti, kənˈvinɪŋ fər ðə ˈænjuəl ˈmitɪŋ əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz. ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ˈprɑməst ən ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv sleɪt əv ˈspikərz: ˈtaɪtənz æt ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmoʊtərz, ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛktrɪk, ˈstændərd ɔɪl, mˈjuʧuəl laɪf, ənd sɪrz, ˈroʊˌbək; ˈpɑpjələr ˈlɛkʧərərz səʧ ɛz ˈɛtəkət ˈɛkspərt ˈɛmɪli poʊst ənd rɪˈnaʊnd wɪl ˈdʊrənt; ˈivɪn ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ dɪˈrɛktər ʤeɪ. ˈɛdgər ˈhuvər. təkt əˈweɪ nɪr ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm wɑz ə neɪm fju nu ˌɪˈnɪʃəli, bət wən ˈɛvriˌwən wʊd bi ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt baɪ ðə ɛnd: ˈrɛvərənd ʤeɪmz ˈdəbəlju. ˈfɪfild jr*. ˈhænsəm, tɔl, ənd ˈsəmˈwət ˈgæŋli, ðə ˈmɪnɪstər bɔr mɔr ðən ə ˈpæsɪŋ rɪˈzɛmbləns tɪ ˈʤɪmi stuərt. æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə kraʊd əv ˈbɪznɪs ˈlidərz, ˈfɪfild dɪˈlɪvərd ə ˈpæʃənət dɪˈfɛns əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪstəm əv fri ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ənd ə ˈwɪðərɪŋ əˈsɔlt ɔn ɪts pərˈsivd ˈɛnəmiz ɪn ˈfræŋklɪn di. ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. dɪˈkraɪɪŋ ðə nu əˈpɑn ɑr əˈmɛrɪkən freedoms,”*,” ðə ˈmɪnɪstər ˈlɪstɪd ə ˈlɪtəni əv sɪnz kəˈmɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈgəvərnmənt, ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm ɪts ˌdivæljuˈeɪʃən əv ˈkərənsi tɪ ɪts ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛkt fər ðə səˈprim kɔrt. ˈsɪŋgəlɪŋ aʊt ðə ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri steɪt fər ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən, hi dɪˈnaʊnst ˈməltəˌtud əv ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənsiz əˈtæʧt tɪ ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv branch”*” ənd wɔrnd ˈɑmənəsli əv ˈmɛnɪs əv ɔˈtɑkrəsi əˈproʊʧɪŋ θru bureaucracy.”*.” ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjud bɪˈloʊ ɪt ɔl saʊnz fəˈmɪljər ɪˈnəf təˈdeɪ, bət ˈɔdiəns əv ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz wɑz stənd. ˈoʊvər ðə priˈsidɪŋ ˈdɛkeɪd, ɛz əˈmɛrɪkə fərst dɪˈsɛndɪd ˈɪntu ənd ðɛn krɔld ɪts weɪ aʊt əv ðə greɪt dɪˈprɛʃən, ðiz ˈtaɪtənz əv ˈɪndəstri hæd bɪn toʊld, taɪm ənd taɪm əˈgɛn, ðət ðeɪ wər tɪ bleɪm fər ðə ˈdaʊnˌfɔl. ˈfɪfild, ɪn ˈkɑntræst, ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət ðeɪ wər ðə sɔrs əv ɪts sælˈveɪʃən. ðeɪ ʤɪst ˈnidɪd tɪ du wən θɪŋ: gɪt rɪˈlɪʤən. ˈfɪfild toʊld ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəlɪsts ðət ˈklərʤiˌmɛn wʊd bi ˈkruʃəl ɪn rɪˈgeɪnɪŋ ðə ˈəpər hænd ɪn ðɛr wɔr wɪθ ˈruzəˌvɛlt. ɛz mɛn əv gɑd, ˈmɪnɪstərz kʊd vɔɪs ðə seɪm kənˈsərvətɪv kəmˈpleɪnts ɛz ˈbɪznɪs ˈlidərz, bət wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni səˈspɪʃən ðət ðeɪ wər ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ˈsoʊəli baɪ ˌsɛlˈfɪntəˌrɛst. ðeɪ kʊd pʊʃ bæk əˈgɛnst kleɪmz, meɪd ˈɔfən baɪ ˈruzəˌvɛlt ənd hɪz ˈælaɪz, ðət ˈbɪznɪs hæd ˈsəmˌhaʊ sɪnd ənd ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr steɪt wɑz duɪŋ wərk. ðə əˈsɛmbəld ˌɪnˈdəstriəlɪsts geɪv ə ˈraʊzɪŋ ɑˈmɛn. hi hæd finished,”*,” ə ˈʤərnəlɪst ˈnoʊtɪd, rɪˈpɔrt ðət ðə n.a.m*. əˈplɔz kʊd bi hərd ɪn hoboken.”*.” ɪt wɑz ə ˈwɔtərˌʃɛd bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ə ˈmuvmənt ðət wʊd ədˈvæns ˈoʊvər ðə ənd ˈərli ə nu blɛnd əv kənˈsərvətɪv rɪˈlɪʤən, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks ðət wən əbˈzərvər ˈæptli əˈnɔɪntɪd libertarianism.”*.” ˈfɪfild ənd ˈmɪnɪstərz sɔ ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti ənd ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm ɛz ˌɪˈnɛkstrɪˌkəbli ˌɪntərtˈwaɪnd, ənd ˈɑrgjud ðət ˈsprɛdɪŋ ðə ˈgɔspəl əv wən rikˈwaɪərd ˈsprɛdɪŋ ðə ˈgɔspəl əv ðə ˈəðər. ðə tu ˈsɪstəmz hæd bɪn lɪŋkt ˌbiˈfɔr, əv kɔrs, bət ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪn tərmz əv ðɛr ʃɛrd ˈsoʊʃəl ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks. ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən wɑz hɪz ˌɪnˈsɪstəns ðət ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti ənd ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm wər pəˈlɪtɪkəl soʊl meɪts, fərst ənd ˈfɔrˌmoʊst. ˌbiˈfɔr ðə nu dil, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæd ˈnɛvər lumd kwaɪt soʊ lɑrʤ ˈoʊvər ˈbɪznɪs ənd, ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ɪt hæd ˈnɛvər lumd lɑrʤ ɪn americans’*’ ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti ənd ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm. bət ɪn ˈvɪʒən, ɪt naʊ kæst ə lɔŋ ənd ˈɑmənəs ənd hɪz ˈkɑligz dɪˈvoʊtɪd ðɛmˈsɛlvz tɪ ˈfaɪtɪŋ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɔrsɪz ðeɪ bɪˈlivd wər θˈrɛtənɪŋ ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm ənd, baɪ ɪkˈstɛnʃən, ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti. ənd ðɛr ækˈtɪvɪtiz hɛlpt bɪld ə faʊnˈdeɪʃən fər ə nu ˈvɪʒən əv əˈmɛrɪkə ɪn wɪʧ ˈbɪznɪsˌmɛn wʊd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈsəfər ˈəndər ðə rul əv ˈruzəˌvɛlt bət ˌɪnˈstɛd ə freɪz ðeɪ ə ˈneɪʃən god.”*.” ɪn ˈmɛni weɪz, ðə ˈmɛrɪʤ əv ˈkɔrpərət ənd ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈɪntərɪsts ðət həz ˈrisəntli ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ðə ðə ˈhɑbi ˈlɑbi keɪs tɪ ˈkɑntrəˌvərsiz ˈoʊvər ˈvərʒənz əv ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfridəm ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən nɑt ðət nu æt ɔl. fər məʧ əv ðə 1930s*, ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz səʧ ɛz ðə ˈnæʃənəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz (næm) hæd bɪn ˈsərʧɪŋ ɪn veɪn fər weɪz tɪ ˌriəˈbɪləˌteɪt ə ˈpəblɪk ˈɪmɪʤ ðət hæd bɪn dɪˈstrɔɪd ɪn ðə greɪt dɪˈprɛʃən ənd dɪˈfeɪmd baɪ ðə nu dil. ɪn 1934 ə nu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv kənˈsərvətɪv ˌɪnˈdəstriəlɪsts tʊk ˈoʊvər næm wɪθ ə ˈprɑməs tɪ ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv ˈbɪznɪs salvation.”*.” ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ˌɪtˈsɛlf tɪ ˈsprɛdɪŋ ðə ˈgɔspəl əv fri ˈɛnərˌpraɪz, ˈvæstli ɪkˈspændɪŋ ɪts ɪkˈspɛndɪʧərz ɪn ðə fild. ɛz leɪt ɛz 1934 næm spɛnt ə ˈpɔltri ɔn ˈpəblɪk riˈleɪʃənz. θri jɪrz ˈleɪtər, ɪt dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ðə kɔz, mɔr ðən hæf ɪts ˈtoʊtəl ˈɪnˌkəm. næm naʊ prəˈmoʊtəd ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm θru ə waɪd əreɪ əv fɪlmz, ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈproʊˌgræmz, ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts, dɪˈrɛkt meɪl, ə ˈspikərz ˈbjʊroʊ ənd ə prɛs ˈsərvɪs ðət prəˈvaɪdɪd ˌɛdəˈtɔriəlz ənd nuz ˈstɔriz fər ˈloʊkəl ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz. ˈəltəmətli, ðoʊ, wɑz sin ɛz prɪˈsaɪsli ðət. ʤɪm ˈfɑrli, ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti, ʤoʊkt ðət əˈnəðər grup ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðɪs ˈpəblɪk riˈleɪʃənz əˈmɛrɪkən ˈlɪbərˌti ʃʊd hæv bɪn kɔld ðə ˈsɛləˌfeɪn league.”*.” ““first*, ə ˈdupɑnt product,”*,” ˈfɑrli kwɪpt, ˈsɛkənd, ju kən si raɪt θru it.”*.” ˈivɪn ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈfræŋklɪn di. ˈruzəˌvɛlt tʊk hɪz ʃɑts. həz bɪn sɛd ðət ðɛr ər tu greɪt ɪz tɪ ləv gɑd, ənd ðə ˈəðər tɪ ləv jʊr neighbor,”*,” hi ˈnoʊtɪd sun ˈæftər ðə ˈlɪbərˌti kriˈeɪʃən. tu ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈtɛnəts əv ðɪs nu ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən seɪ ju ʃæl ləv gɑd ənd ðɛn fərˈgɛt jʊr neighbor.”*.” ɔf ðə ˈrɛkərd, hi ʤoʊkt ðət ðə neɪm əv ðə gɑd ðeɪ ˈwərʃɪpt simd tɪ bi ““property.”*.” ɛz kwɪps meɪd klɪr, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ʃˈrudli juzd ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ˈlæŋgwɪʤ fər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɛndz. ɪn ðə ˈʤəʤmənt əv hɪz baɪˈɑgrəfər ʤeɪmz məˈgrɛgər bərnz, noʊ əˈmɛrɪkən ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən həz ˈgɪvɪn soʊ ˈmɛni ˈspiʧɪz ðət wər ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈsərmənz ˈrəðər ðən ˈsteɪtmənts əv policy.”*.” hɪz fərst ˌɪˈnɔgərəl ˈæˌdrɛs wɑz soʊ ˈleɪdən wɪθ ˈrɛfərənsɪz tɪ ˈskrɪpʧər ðət ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈbaɪbəl prɛs ˈpəblɪʃt ən ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ʧɑrt ˈlɪŋkɪŋ hɪz tɛkst wɪθ ðə ˈbɪblɪkəl quotations.”*.” ɪn ə ˈmɛmərəbəl ˈpæsɪʤ, ˈruzəˌvɛlt ˌriəˈʃʊrd ðə ˈneɪʃən ðət ˈməni ˈʧeɪnʤərz hæv flɛd frəm ðɛr haɪ sits ɪn ðə ˈtɛmpəl əv ɑr ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən. wi meɪ naʊ rɪˈstɔr ðə ˈtɛmpəl tɪ ðə ˈeɪnʧənt truths.”*.” wɪn ˈruzəˌvɛlt lɔnʧt ðə nu dil, ˈplɪtɪkli ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈklərʤiˌmɛn ˈɛkoʊd hɪz ˈɑrgjəmənts, ˈʧæmpiənɪŋ hɪz prəˈpoʊzəl fər ə væst ˈwɛlˌfɛr steɪt ɛz ˈsɪmpli ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪn θɪŋ tɪ du. ðə hɛd əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈkaʊnsəl əv ˈʧərʧɪz, fər ˈɪnstəns, kleɪmd ðə nu dil ɪmˈbɑdid ˈbeɪsɪk ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈprɪnsəpəlz səʧ ɛz ðə əv ˈdeɪli brɛd, ˈʃɛltər, ənd security.”*.” wɪn ˈbɪznɪsˌmɛn ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðɛr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɑrgjəmənts wər noʊ mæʧ fər rɪˈlɪʤəs wənz, ðeɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ bit ɪm æt hɪz oʊn geɪm.
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kevin m. kruse is a professor of history at princeton and the author, most recently, of one nation under god: how corporate america invented christian america, from which this article has been adapted.
in december 1940, as america was emerging from the great depression, more than 5,000 industrialists from across the nation made their yearly pilgrimage to the waldorf-astoria hotel in new york city, convening for the annual meeting of the national association of manufacturers. the program promised an impressive slate of speakers: titans at general motors, general electric, standard oil, mutual life, and sears, roebuck; popular lecturers such as etiquette expert emily post and renowned philosopher-historian will durant; even fbi director j. edgar hoover. tucked away near the end of the program was a name few knew initially, but one everyone would be talking about by the convention’s end: reverend james w. fifield jr.
handsome, tall, and somewhat gangly, the 41-year-old congregationalist minister bore more than a passing resemblance to jimmy stewart. addressing the crowd of business leaders, fifield delivered a passionate defense of the american system of free enterprise and a withering assault on its perceived enemies in franklin d. roosevelt’s administration. decrying the new deal’s “encroachment upon our american freedoms,” the minister listed a litany of sins committed by the democratic government, ranging from its devaluation of currency to its disrespect for the supreme court. singling out the regulatory state for condemnation, he denounced “the multitude of federal agencies attached to the executive branch” and warned ominously of “the menace of autocracy approaching through bureaucracy.”
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it all sounds familiar enough today, but fifield’s audience of executives was stunned. over the preceding decade, as america first descended into and then crawled its way out of the great depression, these titans of industry had been told, time and time again, that they were to blame for the nation’s downfall. fifield, in contrast, insisted that they were the source of its salvation.
they just needed to do one thing: get religion.
fifield told the industrialists that clergymen would be crucial in regaining the upper hand in their war with roosevelt. as men of god, ministers could voice the same conservative complaints as business leaders, but without any suspicion that they were motivated solely by self-interest. they could push back against claims, made often by roosevelt and his allies, that business had somehow sinned and the welfare state was doing god’s work. the assembled industrialists gave a rousing amen. “when he had finished,” a journalist noted, “rumors report that the n.a.m. applause could be heard in hoboken.”
it was a watershed moment—the beginning of a movement that would advance over the 1940s and early 1950s a new blend of conservative religion, economics and politics that one observer aptly anointed “christian libertarianism.” fifield and like-minded ministers saw christianity and capitalism as inextricably intertwined, and argued that spreading the gospel of one required spreading the gospel of the other. the two systems had been linked before, of course, but always in terms of their shared social characteristics. fifield’s innovation was his insistence that christianity and capitalism were political soul mates, first and foremost.
before the new deal, the government had never loomed quite so large over business and, as a result, it had never loomed large in americans’ thinking about the relationship between christianity and capitalism. but in fifield’s vision, it now cast a long and ominous shadow.he and his colleagues devoted themselves to fighting the government forces they believed were threatening capitalism and, by extension, christianity. and their activities helped build a foundation for a new vision of america in which businessmen would no longer suffer under the rule of roosevelt but instead thrive—in a phrase they popularized—in a nation “under god.” in many ways, the marriage of corporate and christian interests that has recently dominated the news—from the hobby lobby case to controversies over state-level versions of the religious freedom restoration act—is not that new at all.
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for much of the 1930s, organizations such as the national association of manufacturers (nam) had been searching in vain for ways to rehabilitate a public image that had been destroyed in the great depression and defamed by the new deal. in 1934, a new generation of conservative industrialists took over nam with a promise to “serve the purposes of business salvation.” the organization rededicated itself to spreading the gospel of free enterprise, vastly expanding its expenditures in the field. as late as 1934, nam spent a paltry $36,000 on public relations. three years later, it devoted $793,043 to the cause, more than half its total income. nam now promoted capitalism through a wide array of films, radio programs, advertisements, direct mail, a speakers bureau and a press service that provided ready-made editorials and news stories for 7,500 local newspapers.
ultimately, though, industry’s self-promotion was seen as precisely that. jim farley, chairman of the democratic party, joked that another group involved in this public relations campaign—the american liberty league—really should have been called the “american cellophane league.” “first, it’s a dupont product,” farley quipped, “and second, you can see right through it.” even president franklin d. roosevelt took his shots. “it has been said that there are two great commandments—one is to love god, and the other to love your neighbor,” he noted soon after the liberty league’s creation. “the two particular tenets of this new organization say you shall love god and then forget your neighbor.” off the record, he joked that the name of the god they worshiped seemed to be “property.”
as roosevelt’s quips made clear, the president shrewdly used spiritual language for political ends. in the judgment of his biographer james macgregor burns, “probably no american politician has given so many speeches that were essentially sermons rather than statements of policy.” his first inaugural address was so laden with references to scripture that the national bible press published an extensive chart linking his text with the “corresponding biblical quotations.” in a memorable passage, roosevelt reassured the nation that “the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. we may now restore the temple to the ancient truths.”
when roosevelt launched the new deal, politically liberal clergymen echoed his arguments, championing his proposal for a vast welfare state as simply the christian thing to do. the head of the federal council of churches, for instance, claimed the new deal embodied basic christian principles such as the “significance of daily bread, shelter, and security.” when businessmen realized their economic arguments were no match for roosevelt’s religious ones, they decided to beat him at his own game.
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ðə ˈjumən ˈneɪvəl ʃʊd bi ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪtɪd ɛz ə bækˈtɪriəl ˈneɪʧər rɪˈzərv, ɪt simz. ðə fərst raʊnd əv ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ rɪˈzəlts frəm ðə ˈbɛli ˈbətən ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvərsəti ˈprɑʤɛkt ər ɪn, ənd ðə 95 ˈsæmpəlz ðət hæv soʊ fɑr bɪn ˈænəˌlaɪzd hæv tərnd əp mɔr ðən bækˈtɪriəl streɪnz. ɪn 662 ˈkeɪsɪz, ðə ˈmaɪˌkroʊbz kʊd nɑt ˈivɪn bi ˈklæsəˌfaɪd tɪ ə ˈfæməli, ˈstrɔŋli səˈʤɛsts ðət ðeɪ ər nu tɪ science,”*,” sɪz tim ˈlidər ˈʤɪri əv nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ˈrɔli. ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt wɑz kənˈsivd ɛz ə ˈlaɪˌthɑrtɪd ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɪn saɪəns kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən, bət ɪt ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈsɪriəs ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ðə ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv maɪˈkroʊbiəl dɪˈvərsɪti. sɪns ˈeɪprəl, ˈsæmpəlz əv bækˈtɪriə ˈteɪkən wɪn ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz ðɛr hæv hæd ðɛr barcodes”*” rɛd baɪ ˈsikwənsɪŋ ðə ʤin fər, wɪʧ ɪz ˈwaɪdli juzd ɪn ˈstədiz əv bækˈtɪriəl ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps. ðə rɪˈzəlts rɪˈflɛkt ɑr ˈɪgnərəns əv maɪˈkroʊbiəl dɪˈvərsɪti, səˈʤɛsts: ðə ˌɪnˈhæbɪtənts əv ɑr sim wɪrd bɪˈkəz baɪˈɑləʤɪsts ˈsæmpəld ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli ɪˈnəf tɪ ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ðə fʊl dɪˈvərsɪti əv maɪˈkroʊbiəl laɪf ɪn ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈhæbəˌtæts. hi ˈlaɪkənz ðə riˈækʃənz tɪ ðə fərst raʊnd əv ˈbɛli ˈbətən rɪˈzəlts tɪ ðə əˈstɑnɪʃmənt əv ðə fərst ˌjʊrəˈpiən ɪkˈsplɔrərz siɪŋ ˈæfrɪkɑn bɪg geɪm, wɪʧ təˈdeɪ sim ˈkɑmənˌpleɪs. ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ ˈraɪˌnoʊ ənd elephants,”*,” sɪz. ˈɔlsoʊ, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˈspiʃiz əv bækˈtɪriə ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt. noʊə tim æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ æt ˈboʊldər ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ðɛm ˈɪntu units”*” ˈhævɪŋ ʤin ˈsikwənsɪz ðət ˈdɪfərd baɪ 3 pərˈsɛnt ər lɛs. əˈplaɪ ðɪs ˈstændərd tɪ ˈmæməlz, ɪkˈspleɪnz, ənd dɔgz ənd kæts wʊd bi ləmpt təˈgɛðər. ɪt minz ðət ə ““match”*” bɪtˈwin ə ˈbɛli ˈbətən streɪn ənd ə ˈspiʃiz noʊn frəm ðə dip ˈoʊʃən, fər ˈɪnstəns, meɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt tu ˈmaɪˌkroʊbz ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɪljən jɪrz əv dɪˈvərʤənt ˌɛvəˈluʃən. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər əv streɪnz rɪˈkɔrdɪd wɑz lɑrʤ, ðə rɪˈzəlts soʊ fɑr ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ə smɔl grup əv əˈbaʊt 40 ˈspiʃiz əˈkaʊnts fər əraʊnd 80 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə bækˈtɪriəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz əv ɑr ˈbɛli ˈbətənz. ɪz ˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ θɪŋk əv ðə əˈbəndənt ˈspiʃiz ɛz ðə gʊd, kɔr baɪoʊm əv bækˈtɪriə ənd ðə rɛr wənz ɛz ˈtrænziənts, ˈstrəgəlɪŋ tɪ teɪk hoʊld, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz æt ɑr expense,”*,” sɪz rɑb dən, ˈɔθər əv waɪld laɪf əv ɑr bodies”*” ənd hɛd əv ðə læb wɛr wərks. kənˈfərmɪŋ ðət ˈθɪri wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈstədiz ɔn ə nu ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk frənˈtɪr: ˈbɛli ˈbətən ɪˈkɑləʤi. ˈpitər ə ˈlɔŋgər ˈvərʒən əv ðɪs ˈstɔri əˈpɪrd ɪn nu ˈsaɪəntɪst ˈmægəˌzin ənd kən bi faʊnd æt www.newscientist.com*.
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the human navel should be designated as a bacterial nature reserve, it seems. the first round of dna results from the belly button biodiversity project are in, and the 95 samples that have so far been analyzed have turned up more than 1,400 bacterial strains. in 662 cases, the microbes could not even be classified to a family, “which strongly suggests that they are new to science,” says team leader jiri hulcr of north carolina state university in raleigh.
the project was conceived as a lighthearted exercise in science communication, but it is making a serious contribution to the understanding of microbial diversity. since april, samples of bacteria taken when volunteers swabbed their navels have had their “dna barcodes” read by sequencing the gene for 16s ribosomal rna, which is widely used in studies of bacterial evolutionary relationships.
the results reflect our ignorance of microbial diversity, hulcr suggests: the inhabitants of our navels seem weird because biologists haven’t sampled extensively enough to document the full diversity of microbial life in a variety of habitats. he likens the reactions to the first round of belly button results to the astonishment of the first european explorers seeing african big game, which today seem commonplace. “now you’re expecting rhino and elephants,” hulcr says.
also, identifying the species of bacteria is difficult. noah fierer’s team at the university of colorado at boulder classified them into “operational taxonomic units” having 16s ribosomal rna gene sequences that differed by 3 percent or less. apply this standard to mammals, hulcr explains, and dogs and cats would be lumped together. it means that a “match” between a belly button strain and a species known from the deep ocean, for instance, may actually represent two microbes separated by several million years of divergent evolution.
although the total number of strains recorded was large, the results so far indicate that a small group of about 40 species accounts for around 80 percent of the bacterial populations of our belly buttons. “it is tempting to think of the abundant species as the good, core biome of bacteria and the rare ones as transients, struggling to take hold, sometimes at our expense,” says rob dunn, author of “the wild life of our bodies” and head of the lab where hulcr works.
confirming that theory will require studies on a new scientific frontier: belly button ecology.
— peter aldhous
a longer version of this story appeared in new scientist magazine and can be found at www.newscientist.com.
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fræŋk stɛrz æt ˈʧɑrli ˈblæŋkli fər ə ˈmoʊmənt, ˌbiˈfɔr bæk təˈwɔrdz ðə dɔr. fræŋk aɪ noʊ ju noʊ wɛr ɪt ɪz ˈʧɑrli. ˈʧɑrli waɪ du ju nid kənˈdɪʃənər fræŋk, ju hæv ˈɛni hɛr? fræŋk aɪ, ə, aɪ juz ɪt. fər ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl ˈpərpəsɪz. fræŋk sɪz ðɪs wɪθ ˌhɛzəˈteɪʃən ənd slaɪt ɪmˈbɛrəsmənt. hi lʊks æt ˈʧɑrli. ɪt dɔnz ɔn ˈʧɑrli wət hi minz, ənd ˈʧɑrli ˈriʧɪz ˈəndər ðə kaʊʧ ənd pʊlz aʊt ə ˈbɑtəl əv kənˈdɪʃənər. hi smaɪlz ənd θroʊz ɪt tɪ fræŋk. ˈʧɑrli oʊ, aɪ si. goʊ gɪt ‘‘em*, ˈtaɪgər. fræŋk smaɪlz ɪn ən ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ənd ˈθæŋkfəl weɪ, ɛz ɪf ˈʧɑrli hæd ʤɪst loʊnd ɪm ˈməni. fræŋk θæŋks, pæl. fræŋk ˈɛksəts aʊt əv ðə dɔr, goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə ʃɛrd ʃaʊər ɪn loʊ rɛnt ˈbɪldɪŋ. hi livz ˈwɛrɪŋ ə grin taʊəl, wɪʧ mæk ɪz aɪ laɪ hoʊ wɪn hi i rum. mæk hey-yo*! ˈʧɑrli mæk, wət ər ju mæk ju wɪl ˈnɛvər gɛs wət ʤɪst ˈhæpənd tɪ mi. ˈʧɑrli dɪz ɪt ˌɪnˈvɑlv ʧiz, wɑsp ˈhəni, ər ðə ˈweɪtrəs? mæk jɛs! ɔl θri ˈæˌkʧuəli! ˈʧɑrli ˈrɪli!? 2
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frankares at charlie blankly for a moment, before waddling back towards the door. frank i know you know where it is charlie. charlie why do you need conditioner frank, you have any hair? frank i, uh, i use it. for recreational purposes. frank says this with hesitation and slight embarrassment. he looks at charlie. it dawns on charlie what he means, and charlie reaches under the couch and pulls out a bottle of conditioner. he smiles and throws it to frank. charlie oh, i see. go get ‘em, tiger. frank smiles in an understanding and thankful way, as if charlie had just loaned him money. frank thanks, pal. frank exits out of the door, going to the shared shower in charlie’s low rent building. he leaves wearing a green towel, which mac is i nexpl icab ly ho lding when he e nters charl ie’s room. mac hey-yo! charlie mac, what are you - mac you will never guess what just happened to me. charlie does it involve cheese, wasp honey, or the waitress? mac yes! all three actually! charlie really!? 2.
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ˈdætəˌbeɪs ˈkæʃɪŋ ɪz, tɪ ðə seɪ ðə list, ə ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈprɑbləm. pɑrt əv ðɪs ɪz ˈtɛknɪkəl: ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə kæˈʃeɪ kən teɪk ə lɔt əv wərk, ənd rikˈwaɪərz ə bɪt əv ˌkrieɪˈtɪvəti. bət ə kæˈʃeɪ ɪz ə pərˈfɔrməns ɑptɪmɪˈzeɪʃən, ənd soʊ, ðə meɪn ˈʧælənʤ ɪz ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪŋ jʊr juz keɪs, ənd kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈsɪstəm ðət ɪz ˈɑptɪməl fər jʊr oʊn nidz. ɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, bi dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ haʊ tɪ dɪˈzaɪn ənd koʊd ə ˈbeɪsɪk, kæˈʃeɪ fər kˈwɪriz. nɑt ˈɛvriˌwən nidz ðɪs. fər ə lɔt əv ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, ə ˈsɪmpəl, kæˈʃeɪ kʊd səˈfaɪs, ənd wʊd seɪv ə lɔt əv wərk ənd fˈjuʧər ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃən. ðɪs wɑz maɪ fərst ˈprɑʤɛkt æt maɪ ˈkɑrənt ˈɪntərnˌʃɪp (æt natero*, ʧɛk ˈjuˈɛs aʊt), ənd ɑr ˈjusɪʤ ˈpætərnz dɪˈmændɪd ə kæˈʃeɪ ðət wʊd bi kid baɪ kˈwɪriz ənd wʊd stɔr rɪˈzəlt ˈɑbʤɛkts ðət wi kʊd ˈizəli rɪˈtriv. ðiz ʤɑbz ˈmeɪnli ər juzd tɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ðə ˈmɛni ˈmɛtrɪks wi ˈɔfər, ɛz ə ˈkəstəmər səkˈsɛs ˈkəmpəˌni, ənd ɑr ˈkəstəmərz juz ðiz ˈmɛtrɪks tɪ meɪk ˈmeɪʤər ˈbɪznɪs dɪˈsɪʒənz, soʊ ðə kæˈʃeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæd tɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ˈkɑrənt. ðɛr bi ˈɛni ˈleɪtənsi ɪn raɪts. ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz ɪz ə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ɑr ɪnˈtaɪər ˈjuzɪz. nɑt ən orm*, laɪk ˈhaɪbərˌneɪt ər sqlalchemy*; ˈrəðər, ɪt prəˈvaɪdz ju fʊl ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti ənd əv θru ən ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə, waɪl ˈseɪvɪŋ ju frəm ðə ˈhæsəl əv ˈmænjuəli kənˈstrəktɪŋ strɪŋz. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ juzd, ə ˈpɑpjələr ˈʤɑvə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri, tɪ ˈɪnərˌfeɪs wɪθ. ˈvɛri ˈsɪmpəl tɪ juz, wɪθ ˈɔlˌmoʊst noʊ ˈsɛˌtəp, wərks wɛl wɪθ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts (θru ə kəˈnɛkʃən pul), ənd ɪz ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd wɪθ redis-cluster*, wɪʧ wɪl meɪk ˈskeɪlɪŋ ˈiziər. ˌɪnərˈsɛptɪŋ kˈwɪriz ðə fərst stɛp tɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə kˈwiri kæˈʃeɪ ɪz ˌɪnərˈsɛptɪŋ kˈwɪriz ˈæftər bɪn ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd bət ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ ˈækˌsɛs ðə ˈdætəˌbeɪs. ˈɔfərz ˈjuˈɛs ə kənˈvinjənt ˈfreɪmˌwərk fər duɪŋ ɪgˈzæktli ðɪs: ðə ˈklæsɪz. ðiz ˈklæsɪz wər dɪˈzaɪnd ərˈɪʤənəli fər ““mocking”*” ə ˈdætəˌbeɪs, əˈlaʊɪŋ fər ˈizi ˈjunɪt ˈtɛstɪŋ, bət ðeɪ wərk ˈvɛri wɛl ɛz ˈɪnərˌfeɪsɪz bɪtˈwin ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən leɪər ənd ðə ˈmɑdəl (ˈdætəˌbeɪs ər). (ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ stɑrt ðɪs, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ ˈstrɔŋli ju tɪ goʊ tɪ ðə ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən ənd gɪt ə græsp əv ðə ˈbeɪsɪks əv. frəm hir ɔn aʊt, əˈsum ju ˌəndərˈstænd, ˈʤɛnərəli, haʊ tɪ raɪt ənd ˈɛksəˌkjut kˈwɪriz ɪn). ə ɪz ən ˈɑbʤɛkt ðət ɪz ˌɪnˈstænʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ə ənd ˈɪmpləmənts ðə dɪˈfɔlt ˈɪnərˌfeɪs, ˈminɪŋ ɪt kən bi juzd wɛˈrɛvər ə ˈstændərd ˈdætəˌbeɪs kəˈnɛkʃən ɪz. ðə, ðɛn, ɪz ən ˈɑbʤɛkt ðət teɪks ðə pleɪs əv ðə ˈdætəˌbeɪs ɪn prəˈvaɪdɪŋ rɪˈzəlt ˈɑbʤɛkts tɪ kˈwɪriz. lɛts teɪk ə lʊk æt ðɪs ˈsɪmpəl: klæs ˈɪmpləmənts ˈpəblɪk kəˈnɛkʃən kəˈnɛkʃən; ˈpəblɪk; ˈpəblɪk[] ctx*) θroʊz rɪˈzəlt<?> rɪˈzəlt nəl; dsl.using(connection*); kˈwiri db.query(ctx.sql*(), ctx.bindings*()); strɪŋ ctxquery.getsql(paramtype.inlined*); ɪf (inlinedsql.tolowercase().matches("^(with\\b.*?\\bselect|select|explain)\\b*.*?")) ɪf (!jedis.exists(inlinedsql*)) rɪˈzəlt db.fetch(ctx.sql*(), ctx.bindings*()); jedis.set(inlinedsql*, serialize(result*)); ɛls rɪˈzəlt deserialize(jedis.get(inlinedsql*)); rɪˈtərn nu[] nu mockresult(result.size*(), rɪˈzəlt) ɛls db.execute(ctx.sql*(), ctx.bindings*()); rɪˈtərn nu[] nu rɪˈzəlt) ə lɔt hir, soʊ lɛts goʊ θru ɪt sˈloʊli. ˈɑbviəsli, ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvæstli ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪd ˈvərʒən əv maɪ ˈækʧəwəl koʊd: ɪt ˈhændəl ˈmɛni ˈspɛʃəl ˈkeɪsɪz, ər bæʧ kˈwɪriz, ənd həz ˈəðər ˈɪʃuz. wət kriˈeɪtɪŋ hir ɪz ə klæs ðət ˈɪmpləmənts ðə ˈstændərd ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ənd həz tu ˈɪnstəns ˈvɛriəbəlz: kəˈnɛkʃən (ˈdætəˌbeɪs kəˈnɛkʃən) ənd kəˈnɛkʃən). ðə ril mit əv ðə koʊd ɪz ðə ˈɛksəˌkjut() ˈmɛθəd, wɪʧ ɪz kɔld ˌɪnˈtərnəli baɪ ɔn kˈwiri ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən. ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðɪs ˈmɛθəd, wi fərst kriˈeɪt ə, ənd juz ɪt tɪ əbˈteɪn ə strɪŋ wɪθ ðə baɪnd ˈvɛriəbəlz inlined*. ðɪs wɪl bi ðə ki ˈɪntu ɑr kæˈʃeɪ. ðɛn wi hæv tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ˈwɛðər ðə kˈwiri ɪz ə rɛd (səˈlɛkt) ər ə raɪt (insert/update/etc*). ɪf ə raɪt, wi ˈɛksəˌkjut ɪt ənd rɪˈtərn ə nəl rɪˈzəlt (ˌɪnˌvæləˈdeɪʃən wɪl bi dɪˈskraɪbd ˈleɪtər). ɪf ə rɛd, wi ðɛn hæv tu ˈkeɪsɪz: ˈiðər ðə kˈwiri ɪz ɪn ðə kæˈʃeɪ, ənd soʊ ðə rɪˈzəlt kən bi rɪˈtərnd ˈizəli, ər ðə kˈwiri, ənd ðə rɪˈzəlt həz tɪ fərst bi fɛʧt frəm ðə ˈdætəˌbeɪs, ənd ðɛn ˈædɪd tɪ ðə kæˈʃeɪ (ðə ˈsɪˌriəˌlaɪz() ənd deserialize*() ˈfəŋkʃənz ər ˈbeɪsɪk əv ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪn ˈʤɑvə). ðɛn, wi rɪˈtərn ðə rɪˈzəlt, ræpt ɪn ə əreɪ, æt wɪʧ pɔɪnt sɛnt bæk tɪ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl kˈwiri ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən ˈɑbʤɛkt. ðɪs ɪz haʊ ˌɪnˈstænʃiˌeɪt ə ðət wɪl hɪt jʊr: dsl.using*( nu resultcache(connection*,)) ðət kən bi juzd ɛz ˈnɔrməl tɪ bɪld kˈwɪriz, ənd ɔl əv ðɛm wɪl bi ˈrutɪd tɪ ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt. əˈkɑmplɪʃt ðə fərst pɑrt əv ˈkæʃɪŋ! naʊ wi ʤɪst nid wərk ɔn ðə ˈhɑrdər pɑrt:. ˈteɪbəl ɛkˈstrækʃən naʊ, ər ˈtrɪki. ə ˈmeɪʤər dɪˈsɪʒən wi hæv tɪ meɪk hir: wət ˈlɛvəl du wi nid tɪ ˌɪnˈvælɪˌdeɪt æt? aɪ ʧoʊz ðə ˈteɪbəl ˈlɛvəl (ðət ɪz, wɛˈnɛvər ən ˌɪnˈsərt ɪz pərˈfɔrmd, aɪ ˌɪnˈvælɪˌdeɪt ɔl kˈwɪriz ðət ˈiðər səˈlɛkt frəm ər ər ʤɔɪnd wɪθ ðət ˈteɪbəl), bət ɪf jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən həz ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ə kənˈsɪstənt ˈpætərn əv ˌɪnˈsərtɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ˈteɪbəl ənd ðɛn səˈlɛktɪŋ frəm ðət ˈteɪbəl, ə ˌɪnˌvæləˈdeɪʃən kæˈʃeɪ wɪl ɛnd əp biɪŋ ˈwərθləs. aɪ goʊ ˈɪntu ɔl ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz fər hir, bət ˈsəmθɪŋ wərθ ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt. fərst ɔf, tɪ ˌɪnˈvælɪˌdeɪt baɪ ˈteɪbəl, nid tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt haʊ tɪ ˈɛkˌstrækt ˈteɪbəl neɪmz frəm ˈɛvəri kˈwiri. wi kʊd du ðɪs θru strɪŋ ˈpɑrsɪŋ, wɪʧ ɪz wət aɪ sɛt əp fərst, bət bɪˈkəm ˈtrɪki wɪθ ˌɪnˈdɛfənətli ˈnɛstɪd səˈlɛkt kˈwɪriz ənd ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ʤɔɪn ɪkˈsprɛʃənz (boʊθ əv wɪʧ aɪ hæd tɪ dil wɪθ; ɪf ðoʊz juzd ɪn jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən, ðən ðɪs ɪz ə ˈsɪmpəl rut ju kən ʧuz). ˌɪnˈstɛd, aɪ juzd ə sˈlaɪtli əbˈskjʊr juˈtɪləti kɔld ə visitlistener*, wɪʧ əˈlaʊz ju tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ə kˈwiri waɪl biɪŋ ˈrɛndərd frəm ˈfəŋkʃənz tɪ ˈækʧəwəl. aɪ ənd ˈoʊvərˈroʊd ðə ˈfəŋkʃən, wɪʧ ɪz kɔld raɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈrɛndərz ə ˈteɪbəl neɪm, fild, ər ˈnɛstɪd kˈwiri (ɪn tərmz, kɔld ə). ðə ˈmɛθəd aɪ juzd tɪ pʊl aʊt ðə ˈteɪbəl neɪm frəm raɪt (ˌɪnˈsərts ˈoʊnli, ɪn ðɪs ˈdɛmoʊ): ˈpəblɪk vɔɪd ctx*) buˈliən fɔls; klɔz[] ctx.clauses*(); fər aɪ 0 aɪ clauselist.length*; aɪ++) ɪf (clauselist[i*] clause.insert_insert_into*) tru; ɪf (isinsideinto*) ɪf (ctx.querypart*() ˈteɪbəl) strɪŋ sqlstring(ctx*); invalidate(tablename*); ɪn ðɪs koʊd, ðə klɔz ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪz ən dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ðə pɑrt əv ðə kˈwiri wi ər ˈkərəntli ɪn, ənd tɛlz ˈjuˈɛs ðə tri əv ˈklɔzɪz ðət lɛd tɪ ɑr ˈkɑrənt pəˈzɪʃən ɪn ðə kˈwiri (rɛd ðə dɑks; ˈbeɪsɪkli, ˌdikəmˈpoʊzɪz ˈɛvəri kˈwiri ˈɪntu ə ˈstrəkʧər, wɛr klɔz ˈɑbʤɛkts brænʧ ɪn ˈdɪfərənt dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz ənˈtɪl ðeɪ riʧ queryparts*, laɪk ˈteɪbəlz ər fild neɪmz ər ˈnɛstɪd kˈwɪriz). wət ðət fər lup dɪz, ðɛn, ɪz tɛl ˈjuˈɛs wət pɑrt əv ðə kˈwiri ɪn (wɪʧ pɑrts əv ðə tri hæv wi ˈtrævərst tɪ gɪt hir). ɪf ˈtrævərst ən insert_insert_into*, ənd ðə ˈkɑrənt ɪz ə ˈteɪbəl, ðɛn ðɪs məst bi ðə ˈteɪbəl biɪŋ ˌɪnˈsərtɪd ˈɪntu. naʊ ðət dɪˈtərmənd wət ˈteɪbəlz ɑr raɪt kˈwiri ˈtəʧɪz, wi kən ˌɪnˈvælɪˌdeɪt ɔl kˈwɪriz baɪ ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ðət ˈteɪbəl ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈvælɪˌdeɪt ˈmɛθəd. dɪˈskraɪb ˌɪnˌvæləˈdeɪʃən ˈʃɔrtli, bət fər naʊ, kənˈsɪdər ɪt ˈmæʤɪk. wi ˈɔlsoʊ wɪl nid tɪ ˈɛkˌstrækt ˈteɪbəlz frəm rɛd kˈwɪriz soʊ wi noʊ wət ˈteɪbəlz ðeɪ ˌɪnˈvɑlv. aɪ ˈoʊvərˈroʊd ðə ˈmɛθəd fər ðət. ðə koʊd: ˈpəblɪk vɔɪd ctx*) buˈliən fɔls; strɪŋ sqlstring(ctx*); klɔz[] ctx.clauses*(); fər aɪ 0 aɪ clauselist.length*; aɪ++) ɪf ((clauselist[i*] clauselist[i*] clause.table_join*)) tru; ɪf (isselect*) arraylist<string*>; (arraylist<string*>) global.threadlocal.get*(); ɪf (ctx.querypart*() ˈteɪbəl) threadlist.add(sql*); global.threadlocal.set(threadlist*); soʊ lɛts goʊ θru ðɪs. ðɪs ɪz ˈsɪmələr tɪ əˈbəv: goʊɪŋ θru ðə ənd ˈʧɛkɪŋ ɪf ˌɪnˈsaɪd ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr klɔz. ɪf wi ər, ənd ðə ˈkɑrənt ɪz ə ˈteɪbəl, ðɛn ɪt məst bi ə ˈteɪbəl ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ə səˈlɛkt kˈwiri (ˈiðər ɪn ðə səˈlɛkt frəm pɑrt, ər ɛz ə ʤɔɪnd ˈteɪbəl). ðə koʊd ɪz ə juˈtɪləti aɪ hæd tɪ juz tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈteɪbəl neɪmz ðət wər ɛkˈstræktɪd ɪn ðɪs ˈmɛθəd tɪ bi pæst tɪ ðə faɪl soʊ ðət ðeɪ kʊd bi ˈprɑsɛst ənd juzd. ðɛr ə dɪˈrɛkt weɪ fər ðiz tu ˈɑbʤɛkts tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt, ɛz ðeɪ ər ˌɪnˈstænʃiˌeɪtəd ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈsɛpərətli, ɛz ju wɪl sun si. soʊ, ðə ˈsɪnˌtæks əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ pæs ə ˈvɛriəbəl (ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ə lɪst) bɪtˈwin tu ˈɑbʤɛkts, waɪl ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðət ðə θrɛd ðət pleɪst ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt məst bi ðə seɪm ɛz ðə θrɛd ðət ɪt ˈæftər. ðə ˈfreɪmˌwərk aɪ juzd fər wɑz ˈstraɪkɪŋli ˈsɪmpəl. ˈbeɪsɪkli, ju juz ðə əˈbəv koʊd tɪ ˈɛkˌstrækt ˈteɪbəlz, ənd pæs ðoʊz ˈteɪbəlz tɪ. ðɛn, wi kriˈeɪt lɪsts ɪn, wɛr ðə ki ɪz ðə ˈteɪbəl neɪm, ənd ðə ˈvæljuz ɪn ðət lɪst ər ðə kˈwiri strɪŋz ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlv ðət ˈteɪbəl. wən kˈwiri kən bi pɑrt əv ˈmɛni lɪsts. wi bɪld ðiz lɪsts ɪn, wɛr, ˈɛvəri taɪm ə kˈwiri ɪz ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd, wi æd ɪt tɪ iʧ lɪst əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə ˈteɪbəlz wi pʊl frəm. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪf wi hæd ðɪs ˈvɛri ˈsɪmpəl kˈwiri: səˈlɛkt frəm ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz ðɛn æd ɪt tɪ ə lɪst ðət hæd ə ki ““languages”*” ənd hæd ɛz ˈvæljuz ɔl kˈwɪriz ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ðə ˈteɪbəl ““languages.”*.” ðɪs, ðɛn, meɪks ˈɛfərtləs. wɪn ðə ˈmɛθəd invalidate(tablename*) ɪz kɔld, wi ˈsɪmpli ˈækˌsɛs ðə lɪst əv ɔl kˈwɪriz ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlv, dɪˈlit ðɛm frəm, ənd riˈmuv ðɛm frəm ðət lɪst. ðə kæˈʃeɪ, ðɛn, noʊ ˈlɔŋgər hoʊldz ˈɛni rɪˈzəlt ˈɑbʤɛkts fər ðiz kˈwɪriz, ənd soʊ, ðeɪ ər ˈifɛktɪvli ˌɪnˈvælɪˌdeɪtɪd. ðə koʊd fər ðə ˌɪnˌvæləˈdeɪʃən ˈmɛθəd. ˈvɛri ˈsɪmpəl, ənd ɪf ju ˌəndərˈstænd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðɛr, lʊk æt ðə dɑks. ˈpraɪvət vɔɪd ˈteɪbəl) lɔŋ lɛn jedis.llen(table*); list<string*> jedis.lrange(table*, (lɔŋ) 0 lɛn); fər (strɪŋ ki ) jedis.del(key*); jedis.lrem(table*, 1 ki); ənd ðə koʊd fər kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə lɪsts ɪn (ðɪs goʊz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə rɛd ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ɪn ðə ˈɛksəˌkjut ˈmɛθəd ɪn): ɪf nəl) fər (strɪŋ (arraylist<string*>) global.threadlocal.get*()) jedis.lpush(st*,); kənˈkluʒən ðɪs kæˈʃeɪ ɪz baɪ noʊ minz kəmˈplit. ðɛr ər ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈspɛʃəl ˈkeɪsɪz ðət hæv tɪ ˈhændəl ðət ər spɪˈsɪfɪk tɪ jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən meɪk ðɪs ˈmɛsi, ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðər ju kʊd ˈɪmpləmənt tɪ meɪk ðɪs ˈfæstər. bət, fər ˈɛniˌwən ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ raɪt ə kˈwiri kæˈʃeɪ ɪn ˈʤɑvə, ðɪs ɪz ə greɪt pleɪs tɪ stɑrt.
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database caching is, to the say the least, a difficult problem. part of this is technical: making a finely-grained cache can take a lot of work, and requires a bit of creativity. but a cache is a performance optimization, and so, the main challenge is evaluating your use case, and creating a system that is optimal for your own needs.
in this article, i’ll be describing how to design and code a basic, table-level cache for sql queries. not everyone needs this. for a lot of applications, a simple, service-level cache could suffice, and would save a lot of work and future complication. this was my first project at my current internship (at natero, check us out), and our usage patterns demanded a cache that would be keyed by queries and would store result objects that we could easily retrieve. these jobs mainly are used to calculate the many metrics we offer, as a customer success company, and our customers use these metrics to make major business decisions, so the cache also had to always be current. there couldn’t be any latency in syncing writes.
libraries
jooq is a library our entire codebase uses. it’s not an orm, like hibernate or sqlalchemy; rather, it provides you full access to the flexibility and customizability of sql through an api similar to the activerecord api, while saving you from the unmaintainable hassle of manually constructing sql strings.
i also used jedis, a popular java library, to interface with redis. it’s very simple to use, with almost no setup, works well with multithreaded environments (through a connection pool), and is integrated with redis-cluster, which will make scaling easier.
intercepting queries
the first step to creating a query cache is intercepting queries after they’ve been executed but before they access the database. jooq offers us a convenient framework for doing exactly this: the mockconnection/mockdataprovider classes. these classes were designed originally for “mocking” a database, allowing for easy unit testing, but they work very well as interfaces between the application layer and the model (database or redis).
(before i start this, however, i strongly recomend you to go to the jooq documentation and get a grasp of the basics of jooq. from here on out, i’ll assume you understand, generally, how to write and execute queries in jooq).
a mockconnection is an object that is instantiated with a mockdataprovider and implements the default java.sql.connection interface, meaning it can be used wherever a standard database connection is. the mockdataprovider, then, is an object that takes the place of the database in providing result objects to queries.
lets take a look at this simple mockdataprovider:
class resultcache implements mockdataprovider { public connection connection; public jedis jedis; public mockresult[] execute(mockexecutecontext ctx) throws sqlexception { result<?> result = null; dslcontext db = dsl.using(connection); query ctxquery = db.query(ctx.sql(), ctx.bindings()); string inlinedsql = ctxquery.getsql(paramtype.inlined); if (inlinedsql.tolowercase().matches("^(with\\b.*?\\bselect|select|explain)\\b.*?")) { if (!jedis.exists(inlinedsql)) { result = db.fetch(ctx.sql(), ctx.bindings()); jedis.set(inlinedsql, serialize(result)); } else { result = deserialize(jedis.get(inlinedsql)); } return new mockresult[] { new mockresult(result.size(), result) }; } else { db.execute(ctx.sql(), ctx.bindings()); return new mockresult[] { new mockresult(0, result) }; } } }
there’s a lot here, so lets go through it slowly. obviously, this is a vastly simplified version of my actual code: it doesn’t handle many special cases, or batch queries, and has other issues.
what we’re creating here is a class that implements the standard mockdataprovider interface and has two instance variables: connection (database connection) and jedis (redis connection). the real meat of the code is the execute() method, which is called internally by jooq on query execution.
inside this method, we first create a dslcontext, and use it to obtain a sql string with the bind variables inlined. this will be the key into our cache. then we have to decide whether the query is a read (select) or a write (insert/update/etc). if it’s a write, we execute it and return a null result (invalidation will be described later).
if it’s a read, we then have two cases: either the query is in the cache, and so the result can be returned easily, or the query isn’t, and the result has to first be fetched from the database, and then added to the cache (the serialize() and deserialize() functions are basic implementations of object serialization in java).
then, we return the result, wrapped in a mockresult array, at which point it’s sent back to the original query execution object.
this is how you’d instantiate a dslcontext that will hit your mockdataprovider:
dslcontext db = dsl.using( new mockconnection(new resultcache(connection, jedis)) );
that dslcontext can be used as normal to build queries, and all of them will be routed to the resultcache object. we’ve accomplished the first part of caching! now we just need work on the harder part: invalidations.
table extraction
now, invalidations are tricky. a major decision we have to make here: what level do we need to invalidate at? i chose the table level (that is, whenever an insert is performed, i invalidate all queries that either select from or are joined with that table), but if your application has something like a consistent pattern of inserting into a table and then selecting from that table, a table-based invalidation cache will end up being worthless. i won’t go into all the possibilities for invalidations here, but it’s something worth thinking about.
first off, to invalidate by table, we’ll need to figure out how to extract table names from every query. we could do this through string parsing, which is what i set up first, but that’ll become tricky with indefinitely nested select queries and complicated join expressions (both of which i had to deal with; if those aren’t used in your application, than this is a simple route you can choose).
instead, i used a slightly obscure jooq utility called a visitlistener, which allows you to access a query while it’s being rendered from jooq’s functions to actual sql. i subclassed jooq’s defaultvisitlistener and overrode the visitstart function, which is called right before jooq renders a table name, field, or nested query (in jooq terms, called a querypart).
here’s the method i used to pull out the table name from write (inserts only, in this demo):
public void visitstart(visitcontext ctx) { boolean isinsideinto = false; clause[] clauselist = ctx.clauses(); for (int i = 0; i < clauselist.length; i++) { if (clauselist[i] == clause.insert_insert_into) { isinsideinto = true; } } if (isinsideinto) { if (ctx.querypart() instanceof table) { string tablename = sqlstring(ctx); invalidate(tablename); } }
in this code, the clause object is an enum describing the part of the query we are currently in, and clauselist tells us the tree of clauses that lead to our current position in the query (read the docs; basically, jooq decomposes every query into a tree-like structure, where clause objects branch in different directions until they reach queryparts, like tables or field names or nested queries). what that for loop does, then, is tell us what part of the query we’re in (which parts of the tree have we traversed to get here). if we’ve traversed an insert_insert_into, and the current querypart is a table, then this must be the table being inserted into.
now that we’ve determined what tables our write query touches, we can invalidate all queries by involving that table using the invalidate method. i’ll describe invalidation shortly, but for now, consider it magic.
we also will need to extract tables from read queries so we know what tables they involve. i overrode the visitend method for that. here’s the code:
public void visitend(visitcontext ctx) { boolean isselect = false; string sql = sqlstring(ctx); clause[] clauselist = ctx.clauses(); for (int i = 0; i < clauselist.length; i++) { if ((clauselist[i] == clause.select_from || clauselist[i] == clause.table_join)) { isselect = true; } } if (isselect) { arraylist<string> threadlist; threadlist = (arraylist<string>) global.threadlocal.get(); if (ctx.querypart() instanceof table) { threadlist.add(sql); } global.threadlocal.set(threadlist); } }
so lets go through this. this is similar to above: we’re going through the clauselist and checking if we’re inside a particular clause. if we are, and the current querypart is a table, then it must be a table involved in a select query (either in the select from part, or as a joined table).
the threadlocal code is a utility i had to use to allow table names that were extracted in this method to be passed to the resultcache.java file so that they could be processed and used. there isn’t a direct way for these two objects to communicate, as they are instantiated entirely separately, as you will soon see. so, the threadlocal syntax allows us to pass a variable (in this case, a list) between two objects, while ensuring that the thread that placed the object must be the same as the thread that accesses it after.
invalidations
the framework i used for invalidations was strikingly simple. basically, you use the above code to extract tables, and pass those tables to resultcache.java. then, we create lists in redis, where the key is the table name, and the values in that list are the query strings that involve that table. one query can be part of many lists.
we build these lists in resultcache, where, every time a query is executed, we add it to each list associated with the tables we pull from threadlocal.
for example, if we had this very simple query:
select * from languages
then we’d add it to a redis list that had a key “languages” and had as values all queries that involved the table “languages.”
this, then, makes invalidations effortless. when the method invalidate(tablename) is called, we simply access the list of all queries that involve tablename, delete them from redis, and remove them from that list. the cache, then, no longer holds any result objects for these queries, and so, they are effectively invalidated.
here’s the code for the invalidation method. it’s very simple, and if you don’t understand anything there, look at the jedis docs.
private void invalidate(string table) { long len = jedis.llen(table); list<string> tablekeys = jedis.lrange(table, (long) 0, len); for (string key : tablekeys) { jedis.del(key); jedis.lrem(table, 1, key); } }
and here’s the code for creating the lists in jedis (this goes inside the read portion of the if-statement in the execute method in resultcache.java):
if (global.threadlocal != null) { for (string st : (arraylist<string>) global.threadlocal.get()) { jedis.lpush(st, inlinedsql); } }
conclusion
this cache is by no means complete. there are a number of special cases that you’ll have to handle that are specific to your application that’ll make this messy, and several other optimizations you could implement to make this faster. but, for anyone wanting to write a query cache in java, this is a great place to start.
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ðɪs ɪz nit: ə kæmp kwɛst ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðɪs ˈsəmər ɪn ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ə kæmp fər ðə ˈʧɪldrən əv ˈeɪθiəsts ˈpɛrənts ɪn ə steɪt wɛr ðət sɔrt əv ˈgɛtəˌweɪ wɪl ˈʃʊrli bi ə brɛθ əv frɛʃ ɛr. kæmp kwɛst ˈnæˌʧɛz treɪs wɪl ˈoʊpən fər ˈbɪznɪs ʤun 25 tɪ ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1 ʤɪst ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈtupəˌloʊ. kæmp kwɛst ɪz gɪrd təˈwɔrdz ˈbɪldɪŋ ə kəmˈjunɪti fər kɪdz ənd tinz frəm ˈeɪθiəst, ægˈnɑstɪk, ˈhjumənɪst ənd ˈəðər ˈfæməliz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, kæmp kwɛst ɪz ˈoʊpən tɪ ɔl kɪdz ənd tinz wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd eɪʤ reɪnʤ, ənd wi wərk hɑrd tɪ kriˈeɪt ən ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ɪn wɪʧ ɔl ˈkæmpərz fil ˈwɛlkəm. ɑr goʊl ɪz tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə pleɪs wɛr ˈkæmpərz kən ɪkˈsplɔr ðɛr dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ənd haʊ tɪ pʊt ðɛr ˈvæljuz ˈɪntu ˈpræktɪs, æsk kˈwɛsʧənz, ənd meɪk frɛndz ɪn ən ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ðət ɪz səˈpɔrtɪv əv ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ənd ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm. ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz naʊ ˈoʊpən fər ˈkæmpərz. ˈoʊpən ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs tɪ pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈstæfərz æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə mənθ. ɔl ðə ˈəðər ˈditeɪlz ər raɪt hir.
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this is neat: there’s a camp quest opening this summer in mississippi, providing a camp for the children of atheists parents in a state where that sort of getaway will surely be a breath of fresh air.
camp quest natchez trace will open for business june 25 to july 1 just outside of tupelo.
camp quest is geared towards building a community for kids and teens from atheist, agnostic, humanist and other freethinking families. however, camp quest is open to all kids and teens within the specified age range, and we work hard to create an environment in which all campers feel welcome. our goal is to provide a place where campers can explore their developing worldviews and how to put their values into practice, ask questions, and make friends in an environment that is supportive of critical thinking and skepticism.
registration is now open for campers. they’ll open the application process to potential staffers at the end of the month.
all the other details are right here.
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ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr, ˈʤərnəlɪst ˈɛstər ˈhɑnɪg æst ðə wərld tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ˈbjuti baɪ ˈsɛndɪŋ hər əˈnɔltərd tɪ mɔr ðən 25 ˈkəntriz wɪθ ðə ˈsɪmpəl ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz: meɪk mi ˈbjutəfəl. ðə rɪˈzəlts wər ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ lʊk ˈɪntu wət ˈdɪfərənt ˈkəlʧərz dim ɛz əˈtræktɪv. naʊ, ə frɛnd əv ˈhɑnɪg ɪz ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ðə aɪˈdiəz əv ˈbjuti wəns əˈgɛn. ˈfɛloʊ ˈʤərnəlɪst prɪˈsɪlə ˈwɪlsən, hu həz ə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈməðər ənd blæk ˈfɑðər, sɛnt aʊt hər oʊn ˈpɔrtrət (əˈbəv) tɪ əraʊnd ðə gloʊb. prɪˈsɪlə ˈwɪlsənz ˈɔltərd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz frəm ælˈbeɪniə ənd æˈlʤɪriə prɪˈsɪlə ˈwɪlsən ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈprɑʤɛkt, aɪ əˈproʊʧt iʧ ˈfoʊˌtoʊˌʃɑp əˌfiʃjəˈnɑˌdoʊ wɪθ ðə rɪkˈwɛst tɪ mi beautiful,”*,” ˈwɪlsən sɪz ɔn hər saɪt. aɪ ˈjutəˌlaɪzd ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈfriˌlænsɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrm, fiverr*, wɪʧ həz əˈlaʊd mi tɪ ˈkɑnˌtrækt ˈnɪrli 30 ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz frəm mɔr ðən 25 countries.”*.” gɪt pʊʃ ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃənz wɪθ nuz, ˈfiʧərz ənd mɔr. prɪˈsɪlə ˈwɪlsənz ˈɔltərd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz frəm brəˈzɪl, ˈʧɪli, ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən ənd ˈɪndiə prɪˈsɪlə ˈwɪlsən ˈwɪlsən rɪˈsivd ˈɔltərd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz frəm 18 ˈdɪfərənt ˈkəntriz. laɪk ˈpɪkʧərz, nu ʃɑts ˈgreɪtli ˈvɛrid frəm wən əˈnəðər. ˈmɛni ˈneɪʃənz ˈædɪd ˈmeɪˌkəp ənd əˈʤəstɪd ðə saɪz əv feɪs, bət səm wɛnt tɪ ˌənɪkˈspleɪnəbəl ɪkˈstrimz laɪk ˈgoʊstli speɪs biɪŋ. ˈivɪn wɪθ ðə ˌɔltərˈeɪʃənz, ˈwɪlsən fɛlt hər rɪˈzəlts ˈdɪfərd ɪn wən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt weɪ frəm ˈɪmɪʤɪz. prɪˈsɪlə ˈwɪlsənz ˈɔltərd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz frəm ˈɪzriəl, ˌmæsəˈdoʊniə, ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ənd ˌmɑntəˈneɪgroʊ prɪˈsɪlə ˈwɪlsən ˈkɑntræst tɪ ˈhɑnɪg ɛs rɪˈzəlts, wɛr hər feɪs bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈkænvəs tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs mɔr ðən ə ˈdəzən kənˈtræstɪŋ ˈbjuti ˈstændərdz, aɪ faʊnd ðət maɪ feɪs ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈʧælənʤd ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ˈfoʊˌtoʊˌʃɑp ɪn ðɪs instance,”*,” ˈwɪlsən sɪz. ə baɪˈreɪʃəl ˈwʊmən, ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈstændərd əv ˈbjuti ər moʊld ðət kən ˈizəli fɪt maɪ face.”*.” prɪˈsɪlə ˈwɪlsənz ˈɔltərd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz frəm ðə ˈnɛðərləndz, ˈpɔrʧəgəl, ˈpækɪˌstæn ənd ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr prɪˈsɪlə ˈwɪlsən ˈwɪlsən sɪz ðɪs sɛns əv nɑt ˈfɪtɪŋ trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈbjuti ˈstændərdz ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈɔlˌweɪz fɛlt. prɪˈsɪlə ˈwɪlsənz ˈɔltərd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz frəm sˌloʊˈviniə, ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə, ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ənd viˌɛtˈnɑm prɪˈsɪlə ˈwɪlsən wɑz tɔt ðət maɪ ˈnæʧərəl sɛlf dɪd nɑt kəmˈplaɪ wɪθ kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˈstændərdz sɛt fɔrθ baɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti, seɪɪŋ ˈfɛrər skɪn ɪz ˈbɛtər, ˈstreɪtər hɛr ɪz mɔr əˈtræktɪv, ənd ðət ˈskɪni teɪsts good,”*,” ʃi kənˈtɪnjuz. wəns əˈgɛn, ðɪs ˈfoʊˌtoʊˌʃɑp ɪkˈspɛrəmənt pruvz ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ wən ˈstændərd əv ˈbjuti. ənd tɪ ˈwɪlsən, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊz ðət ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈfɪzɪkəl aɪˈdilz du nɑt mæʧ əp tɪ ðə tru ˈfeɪsɪz əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. rɪˈleɪtɪd: ˈmɑdəl spiks aʊt əˈgɛnst hər ˈɪmɪʤɪz? [image”*”
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earlier this year, journalist esther honig asked the world to define beauty by sending her unaltered headshot to more than 25 countries with the simple instructions: make me beautiful. the results were an interesting look into what different cultures deem as attractive. now, a friend of honig is challenging the world’s ideas of beauty once again.
fellow journalist priscilla yuki wilson, who has a japanese mother and black father, sent out her own portrait (above) to photoshoppers around the globe.
priscilla yuki wilson's altered photos from albania and algeria priscilla yuki wilson
“as in the original project, i approached each photoshop aficionado with the request to ‘make me beautiful,” wilson says on her site. “similarly i utilized the international freelancing platform, fiverr, which has allowed me to contract nearly 30 individuals from more than 25 countries.”
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priscilla yuki wilson's altered photos from brazil, chile, the european union and india priscilla yuki wilson
wilson received altered photos from 18 different countries. like honig’s pictures, new shots greatly varied from one another. many nations added makeup and adjusted the size of face, but some went to unexplainable extremes like algeria’s ghostly space being. even with the alterations, wilson felt her results differed in one important way from honig’s images.
priscilla yuki wilson's altered photos from israel, macedonia, mexico and montenegro priscilla yuki wilson
“in contrast to honig s results, where her face became a canvas to express more than a dozen contrasting beauty standards, i found that my face actually challenged the application of photoshop in this instance,” wilson says. “as a biracial woman, there is no standard of beauty or mold that can easily fit my face.”
priscilla yuki wilson's altered photos from the netherlands, portugal, pakistan and singapore priscilla yuki wilson
wilson says this sense of not fitting traditional beauty standards is something she’s always felt.
priscilla yuki wilson's altered photos from slovenia, sri lanka, usa and vietnam priscilla yuki wilson
“i was taught that my natural self did not comply with conventional standards set forth by society, saying fairer skin is better, straighter hair is more attractive, and that skinny tastes good,” she continues.
once again, this photoshop experiment proves that there is no one standard of beauty. and to wilson, it also shows that the world’s current physical ideals do not match up to the true faces of the earth’s population.
related: model meaghan kausman speaks out against her photoshopped images?
[image” “” “” “0” ]
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ðə θɪŋ wɪθ ˈwərkɪŋ æt ə smɔl skul ɪz ðət ɪt hæv ən səˈspɛnʃən rum. wi ˈivɪn hæv dɪˈtɛnʃən. kɪdz ər ʤɪst rɪˈfərd tɪ ðə ˈɔfəs ənd dɛlt wɪθ baɪ ðə ˈprɪnsəpəlz ɔn ən ˈbeɪsɪs. wɪʧ, ˈnæʧərəli, ˈtrænsˌleɪts tɪ ˈɛvəri day.”*.” ənd wɪn wən əv ðə ðoʊz kɪdz lændz ɪn iss*, ðeɪ gɪt ðə ˈplɛʒər əv ˈʃɛrɪŋ ən ˈɔfəs speɪs wɪθ ˈiðər ən ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər ər jʊrz ˈtruli. ðɪs wik, ˈlændɪd æt maɪ ˈteɪbəl. əˈgɛn. ɪn ðə ˈɔfəs, aɪ see,”*,” aɪ toʊld hər, ɛz ʃi sæt daʊn ɪn ðə ʧɛr baɪ ðə dɔr. ““yeah.”*.” ju du ðɪs time?”*?” ˈmɪstər. ˈwɪlsən mad,”*,” ʃi snikt ə smaɪl æt mi. aɪ hæd wən hər gʊd ˈgreɪsɪz baɪ ˈʧætɪŋ wɪθ hər ðə læst taɪm ʃi wɑz ɪn dɪˈtɛnʃən. əˈpɛrəntli, ˈʃutɪŋ ðə ʃɪt wɪθ ə ˈbɔrɪŋ ˈædəlt ɪz ˈbɛtər ðən ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈstɛrɪŋ æt ðə wɔl fər ən aʊər. wɪʧ minz aɪ ˈprɑbəˌbli ruɪnd ðə hoʊl ˈpənɪʃmənt pis əv ðə dɪˈtɛnʃən, bət biɪŋ aʊt əv ðə ˈklæsˌrum ðɪs jɪr, aɪ rɪˈzɪst ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ ə kɪd, əˈspɛʃəli ə ˈfrikˌwɛnt flaɪər, ˈtrəbəl ˈmeɪkər. maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt. ju du tɪ ˈmɪstər. wilson?”*?” toʊld mi tɪ teɪk ɔf maɪ sˈwɛtər bɪˈkəz ɪt drɛs koʊd. soʊ aɪ toʊld ɪm ‘‘no.’”*.’” aɪ glænst æt hər sˈwɛtər. hɑt pɪŋk wɪθ ˈsɪlvər ˈglɪtər ˈprɪti dɪˈfɪnɪtɪvli fɪt ɪn wɪθ ðə skul ˈjunəˌfɔrm. ju flæt rɪfˈjuzd tɪ du wət hi asked.”*.” ““yup,”*,” ʃi stɛrd dɪˈfaɪəntli ˈɪntu ðə ˈkɔrnər əv ðə ˈsilɪŋ. ˈgɛsɪŋ hi æst ju mɔr ðən once.”*.” ““yup,”*,” ʃi swɪʧt ˈkɔrnərz wɪθ hər ˈaɪˌbɔlz, stɪl əˈvɔɪdɪŋ maɪn. naʊ ˈlændɪd ˈjɔrsɛlf ɪn ðə ˈɔfəs again.”*.” ““yup*. bət aɪ care.”*.” care.”*.” ““nope*. bɪˈkəz aɪ won.”*.” wən wɪθ ˈmɪstər. wilson?”*?” ““yep.”*.” ju gɪv ɪm jʊr sweater.”*.” ““nope.”*.” pɔz. məst hæv ə ˈrɪli gʊd ˈrizən fər nɑt ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪm jʊr sweater.”*.” əˈnəðər pɔz. gɪv ɪm maɪ sˈwɛtər bɪˈkəz frəm maɪ dæd ənd aɪ sin maɪ dæd ɪn tu jɪrz ənd ɪf aɪ gɪv ˈmɪstər. ˈwɪlsən maɪ sˈwɛtər hi gɪv ɪt bæk ɔl day.”*.” ju ju hæd ə gʊd reason.”*.” ðə aɪz ˈvɛnʧər daʊn frəm ðə ˈsilɪŋ. fər ə ˈsɛkənd. ðɛn ðeɪ ʃut bæk əp. ““plus*, aɪ laɪk drama!”*!” laɪk drama?”*?” lɪv fər drama!”*!” lɪv fər ˈdrɑmə? əg. ju məst hæv mɔr ˈɛnərʤi ðən mi. ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tu oʊld fər ˈdrɑmə. simz ə hoʊl lɔt ˈnaɪsər tɪ hæv səm pis ənd kwaɪət. wət du ju gɪt aʊt əv drama?”*?” gɪt tɪ win!”*!” ju wən wɪθ ˈmɪstər. wilson.”*.” ““yup.”*.” ““except…”*…” what?”*?” ““mr*. ˈwɪlsən sɛnt ju daʊn hir, soʊ ɪf nɑt ɪn hɪz aɪ sɛnt ə ˈsæsi ˈstudənt əˈweɪ, maɪ klæs wʊd bi ə hoʊl lɔt ˈiziər tɪ tiʧ. wɪʧ wʊd meɪk mi ˈrɪli ˈhæpi. ɪn fækt, aɪ bɛt ˈmɪstər. əp ðɛr duɪŋ ðə ˈhæpi dæns bɪˈkəz hɪz klæs ɪz soʊ ˈizi tɪ tiʧ naʊ. ənd daʊn hir. soʊ, ˈsɑri, ˈleɪdi. aɪ θɪŋk ˈmɪstər. ˈwɪlsən won.”*.” pɔz. ““well*, ɪt ˈmætər bɪˈkəz ˈlivɪŋ ðɪs ˈstupɪd skul anyway.”*.” ˈlivɪŋ ðɪs skul? when?”*?” dɪˈsɛmbər. ər ˈæftər eɪθ greɪd. whenever.”*.” wət ˈhirɪŋ ju seɪ ɪz ðət ju wɔnt aʊt əv ðɪs skul mɔr ðən anything.”*.” ““yeah.”*.” ““cool*. plæn ɪt aʊt ðɛn. wət du ju nid tɪ du tɪ ˌgɛrənˈti ðət ju kən gɪt aʊt ðɪs skul, səkˈsɛsfəli, noʊ ˈleɪtər ðən eɪθ grade?”*?” dəˈnoʊ. gɪt gʊd greɪdz ənd pæs maɪ ˈklæsɪz aɪ guess.”*.” ju nid tɪ pæs jʊr ˈklæsɪz. wɪʧ minz ju hæv tɪ bi ɪn jʊr ˈklæsɪz. wɪʧ minz ju hæv tɪ si ˈmɪstər. wilson.”*.” heɪt ˈmɪstər. wilson.”*.” ““right*. soʊ, ɔn ə skeɪl əv 1 10 haʊ ˈbædli du ju wɔnt tɪ liv ðɪs school?”*?” ““okay*. ɔn ə skeɪl əv 1 10 haʊ məʧ dɪz ɪt sək ˈhævɪŋ tɪ dil wɪθ ˈmɪstər. wilson?”*?” ““huh.”*.” ““what?”*?” ““well*, wət aɪ ʤɪst hərd ju seɪ wɑz ðət ˈmɪstər. ˈwɪlsən səks bət ju noʊ mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ gɪt gʊd greɪdz. ənd ðət ɪt səks lɛs tɪ dil wɪθ ˈmɪstər. ˈwɪlsən ðən ɪt wʊd tɪ feɪl hɪz klæs ənd nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ liv wɪn ju want.”*.” guess.”*.” ˈtɛlɪŋ mi ðət ju maɪt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ pʊt əp wɪθ ˈmɪstər. ˈwɪlsən fər jʊr oʊn good.”*.” ““maybe.”*.” noʊ wən trɪk aɪ have?”*?” ““what?”*?” ʧuz tɪ bɪˈliv ðə bɛst əˈbaʊt ˈpipəl. soʊ wɪn ðeɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ laɪk, aɪ traɪ ənd treɪn ˌmaɪˈsɛlf tɪ θɪŋk, du aɪ nɑt noʊ əˈbaʊt ðɪs person?’*?’ laɪk, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪf aɪ wər ˈmɪstər. ˈwɪlsən, ənd aɪ æst ju tɪ teɪk jʊr sˈwɛtər ɔf ənd ju, bi mæd. bət θɪŋk du aɪ nɑt noʊ əˈbaʊt shanita?’*?’ ənd ðət maɪt bi ə gʊd θɪŋ, bɪˈkəz ɪn ə weɪ bi raɪt. aɪ hæv noʊn ðə sˈwɛtər wɑz frəm jʊr dæd ənd ju mɪs jʊr dad.”*.” ˈsaɪləns. ðə ˈtrɪki pɑrt. wət du ju nɑt noʊ əˈbaʊt ˈmɪstər. wilson?”*?” ˈsaɪləns. aɪ tʊk ju əp tɪ ˈmɪstər. rum raɪt naʊ ənd æst ju tɪ tɛl ɪm wət ju toʊld mi əˈbaʊt jʊr sˈwɛtər, wət wʊd ju seɪ tɪ him?”*?” ðə sæs rɪˈtərnz. ““oooh*, tɛl ɪm gɪv ju maɪ sˈwɛtər bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz ə gɪft frəm maɪ dæd ənd aɪ sin maɪ dæd ɪn tu jɪrz ənd ɪf hi traɪd tɪ seɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, seɪ, ‘‘no*! ju ˈlɪsən tɪ me!’*!’ ðɛn tɛl ɪm, toʊld ju ɔl aɪ gɑt tɪ seɪ tɪ you,’*,’ ənd ðɛn liv ənd ɪf hi traɪd tɪ seɪ ˈsəmθɪŋ, ʤɪst lʊk æt ɪm ənd liv again!”*!” ““so…mr*. ˈwɪlsən ɪz fɔrst tɪ ˈlɪsən tɪ ju, bət ju θɪŋk fɛr tɪ hæv tɪ ˈlɪsən tɪ ɪm ɪn return?”*?” ˈlɪsən bət ðɛn leave.”*.” saʊnz ˈrizənəbəl ɪˈnəf. ɪf aɪ wɔkt əp ðɛr wɪθ ju naʊ, ju θɪŋk bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ hæv ðət conversation?”*?” ““yeah.”*.” fər ju. bət fər ðə ˈmoʊmənt ɔf ðə hʊk, bɪˈkəz stɪl ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv klæs. ju noʊ wət ˈrɪli səks əˈbaʊt ju biɪŋ ɪn trouble?”*?” ““what?”*?” gɪt ˈɛni wərk dən. tu distracting.”*.” grɪn. ɪf aɪ geɪv ju səm ˈmɑrkərz ənd ˈpeɪpər ənd toʊld ju tɪ raɪt ðə ˈmæʤɪk ˈstɔri əv ðə pɪŋk sweater?”*?” ““what?”*?” kip ju ˈbɪzi ənd ðɛn gɪt səm wərk dən. ənd wi kʊd tərn jʊr sˈwɛtər ˈstɔri ˈɪntu ən ədˈvɛnʧər. here…”*…” aɪ dɪg aʊt maɪ ənd rɪp ə pis əv ˈpeɪpər frəm maɪ ˈnoʊtˌbʊk ˈwəndərɪŋ wət ðə hɛl həz pəˈzɛst mi tɪ spaʊt səʧ ə wɪrd aɪˈdiə. noʊ ˈkreɪzi ˈgreɪdər ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈfɑloʊ səʧ bɪˈzɑr ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz. bət aɪ du nid tɪ gɪt səm wərk dən. ˈleɪbəld ɪt fər ju. ˈmæʤɪk ˈhɪstəri əv ðə pɪŋk sweater.’*.’ ɔn ðə tɔp, aɪ wɔnt ju tɪ drɔ ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ðə sˈwɛtər. ɔn ðə ˈbɑtəm, aɪ wɔnt ju tɪ raɪt mi ə ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt ɪt ɪn ə ʃɔrt ˈpɛrəˌgræf. ðɛn pʊt ɪt ɪn ə freɪm ənd hæv jʊr pɪŋk sˈwɛtər ˈstɔri forever.”*.” aɪ juz ˈjɛloʊ fər ðə waɪt pɑrts əv ðə sweater?”*?” ə ˈmæʤɪk sˈwɛtər. wət pɑrt əv ˈmæʤɪk ju understand?”*?” ““ok.”*.” ʃi græbz ðə ˈmɑrkərz. aɪ tərn bæk tɪ maɪ wərk noʊts. wi boʊθ ˈskrɪbəl əˈweɪ. ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts
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the thing with working at a small school is that it doesn’t have an in-school suspension room.
we don’t even have detention. kids are just referred to the office and dealt with by the principals on an as-needed basis. which, naturally, translates to “needed every day.” and when one of the those kids lands him/herself in iss, they get the pleasure of sharing an office space with either an administrator or yours truly.
this week, shanita landed at my table. again.
“back in the office, i see,” i told her, as she sassily sat down in the chair by the door.
“yeah.”
“what’d you do this time?”
“made mr. wilson mad,” she sneaked a smile at me. i had won her good graces by chatting with her the last time she was in detention. apparently, shooting the shit with a boring adult is better than sittingaring at the wall for an hour. which means i probably ruined the whole punishment piece of the detention, but being out of the classroom this year, i can’t resist the opportunity to interact with a kid, especially a frequent flier, sharp-tounged trouble maker. they’re my favorite.
“what’d you do to mr. wilson?”
“he told me to take off my sweater because it wasn’t dress code. so i told him ‘no.’” i glanced at her sweater. hot pink with silver glitter pretty definitively didn’t fit in with the school uniform.
“so you flat refused to do what he asked.”
“yup,” sheared defiantly into the corner of the ceiling.
“and i’m guessing he asked you more than once.”
“yup,” she switched corners with her eyeballs,ill avoiding mine.
“and now you’ve landed yourself in the principal’s office again.”
“yup. but i don’t care.”
“you don’t care.”
“nope. because i won.”
“you won with mr. wilson?”
“yep.”
“because you didn’t give him your sweater.”
“nope.”
pause.
“you must have a really good reason for not giving him your sweater.”
another pause.
“i didn’t give him my sweater because it’s from my dad and i haven’t seen my dad in two years and if i give mr. wilson my sweater he doesn’t give it back all day.”
“told you you had a good reason.”
the eyes venture down from the ceiling. for a second. then they shoot back up.
“plus, i like drama!”
“you like drama?”
“i live for drama!”
“you live for drama? ugh. you must have more energy than me. i’ve decided i’m too old for drama. seems a whole lot nicer to have some peace and quiet. what do you get out of drama?”
“i get to win!”
“like you won with mr. wilson.”
“yup.”
“except…”
“except what?”
“mr. wilson sent you down here, so if you’re not in his class…shoot…if i sent a sassyudent away, my class would be a whole lot easier to teach. which would make me really happy. in fact, i bet mr. wilson’s up there doing the happy dance because his class is so easy to teach now. and you’re down here. so, sorry, lady. i think mr. wilson won.”
pause.
“well, it doesn’t matter because i’m leaving thisupid school anyway.”
“you’re leaving this school? when?”
“in december. or after eighth grade. whenever.”
“so what i’m hearing you say is that you want out of this school more than anything.”
“yeah.”
“cool. let’s plan it out then. what do you need to do to guarantee that you can get out this school, successfully, no later than eighth grade?”
“i dunno. get good grades and pass my classes i guess.”
“so you need to pass your classes. which means you have to be in your classes. which means you have to see mr. wilson.”
“i hate mr. wilson.”
“right. so, on a scale of 1 – 10, how badly do you want to leave this school?”
“10.”
“okay. on a scale of 1 – 10, how much does it suck having to deal with mr. wilson?”
“5.”
“huh.”
“what?”
“well, what i just heard you say was that mr. wilson sucks but you know it’s more important to get good grades. and that it sucks less to deal with mr. wilson than it would to fail his class and not be able to leave when you want.”
“i guess.”
“so you’re telling me that you might be able to put up with mr. wilson for your own good.”
“maybe.”
“you know one trick i have?”
“what?”
“i choose to believe the best about people. so when they do something i don’t like, i try and train myself to think, ‘what do i not know about this person?’ like, for example, if i were mr. wilson, and i asked you to take your sweater off and you didn’t, i’d be mad. but i’d think ‘what do i not know about shanita?’ and that might be a good thing, because in a way i’d be right. i wouldn’t have known the sweater was from your dad and you miss your dad.”
silence.
“so here’s the tricky part. what do you not know about mr. wilson?”
silence.
“if i took you up to mr. wilson’s room right now and asked you to tell him what you told me about your sweater, what would you say to him?”
the sass returns.
“oooh, i’d tell him “i didn’t give you my sweater because it was a gift from my dad and i haven’t seen my dad in two years and if he tried to say anything, i’d say, ‘no! you listen to me!’ then i’d tell him, ‘i told you all i got to say to you,’ and then i’d leave and if he tried to say something, i’d just look at him and leave again!”
“so…mr. wilson is forced to listen to you, but you don’t think it’s fair to have to listen to him in return?”
“well…maybe i’d listen but then i’d leave.”
“that sounds reasonable enough. if i walked up there with you now, you think you’d be willing to have that conversation?”
“yeah.”
“good for you. but for the moment you’re off the hook, because he’sill in the middle of class. you know what really sucks about you being in trouble?”
“what?”
“i can’t get any work done. you’re too distracting.”
grin.
“what if i gave you some markers and paper and told you to write the magicory of the pink sweater?”
“what?”
“it’d keep you busy and then i’d get some work done. and we could turn your sweaterory into an adventure. here…”
i dig out my highlighters and rip a piece of paper from my notebook wondering what the hell has possessed me to spout such a weird idea. no crazy 7th grader is going to follow such bizarre instructions. but i do need to get some work done.
“i’ve labeled it for you. ‘the magic history of the pink sweater.’ on the top, i want you to draw a picture of the sweater. on the bottom, i want you to write me aory about it in a short paragraph. then we’ll put it in a frame and you’ll have your pink sweaterory forever.”
“can i use yellow for the white parts of the sweater?”
“it’s a magic sweater. what part of magic don’t you understand?”
“ok.”
she grabs the markers.
i turn back to my work notes.
we both scribble away.
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clubland* ɪz peɪɪŋ ˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd ˈbrɪtɪʃ drəm bæs prəˈdusər ənd ˈmɑrkəs ““intalex”*” keɪ, hu daɪd ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪdli ɔn ˈsənˌdi (meɪ 28 ðə ˈmænˌʧɛstər ˈɑrtɪst, hu ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪd haʊs ənd ˈtɛknoʊ mˈjuzɪk ˈəndər ðə ˈmɑnɪkər trəˈvinoʊ, wɑz du tɪ pleɪ æt hɪz oʊn ˈpɑrti ɪn ðə ˈkæpɪtəl ɔn ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd, bət ɪts prəˈmoʊtər oʊˈveɪʃən əˈnaʊnst ðə ɪˈvɛnt hæd bɪn skræpt. ə ˈsəbsəkwənt poʊst frəm hɪz oʊn ˈleɪbəl ridz, wɪθ ˈhɛvi hɑrts ənd greɪt ˈsædnəs wi hæv əˈnaʊns ðət ˈmɑrkəs pæst əˈweɪ ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ. θæŋks fər ðə kaɪnd wərdz soʊ fɑr ənd wi əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðə ˈpraɪvəsi ənd rɪˈspɛkt ʃoʊn fər hɪz ləvd wənz ənd frɛndz æt ðɪs sæd taɪm." ðə kɔz əv dɛθ ɪz ˈkərəntli ənˈnoʊn. ən ˈɛkˌspoʊnənt əv ðə ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl brænd əv ˈlɪkwɪd fəŋk drəm bæs, keɪ ˈfaʊndɪd ðə, ənd ˈbərdi ˈleɪbəlz, ənd wɑz ˈæktɪv ɛz ə, prəˈdusər, ənd ˈtʊrɪŋ ˈɑrtɪst frəm 1991 ənˈtɪl hɪz dɛθ. frəm 1993 ənˈtɪl 2000 hi ðə drəm bæs ʃoʊ ˈdiˈeɪ ɔn kɪs 102 ˈɛˈfɛm ɪn hɪz ˈhoʊmˌtaʊn ənd hi fɔrmd wən hæf əv ðə pərˈdəkʃən tim mɪst (wɪθ faɪlz) wɪʧ kət fər ðə laɪks əv koʊl, un:cut*, 4 ˈhɪroʊ ənd ˈsɑləd steɪt. ðə mɪst riˈlis ju meɪk mi feel”*” 31 ˈrɛkərdz) frəm 1999 hɛlpt leɪ ðə ˈgraʊndˌwərk fər ðə ˈimərʤɪŋ, ˈsoʊlfəl ˈmuvmənt ɪn drəm bæs. ðə pɛr timd wɪθ ɛz fər ðə 2007 ˈælbəm riˈlis ðə ˈilɛvənθ aʊər, waɪl keɪ stɛpt aʊt ɔn hɪz oʊn ɪn 2011 fər ə ˈdeɪbju ˈsoʊˌloʊ ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈælbəm 21 (hi ˈɔlsoʊ riˈlist ðə ˌkɑmpəˈleɪʃən ɪn 2007 hi ˈɔlsoʊ riˈlist drəm bæs træks ˈviə ənd ˈɛksət ˈrɛkərdz ənd ˈɪʃud haʊs ənd ˈtɛknoʊ rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz θru ˈleɪbəlz aʊz mˈjuzɪk, ðə ˈnəθɪŋ ˈspɛʃəl ənd klockworks*. ˈɑrtɪsts, ənd ˈbrɔdˌkæstərz tʊk tɪ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ðə greɪt. ɪts ðə ˈiˌmoʊʃən hi pʊt ˈɪntu mˈjuzɪk, ðət wɪl gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ɔl, ʤɔɪ ˌɛvərˈlæstɪŋ. θæŋk ju fər ðoʊz ɪˈtərnəl ˈmɛməriz ˈfilɪŋz. ˈmɑrkəs. (@therealltjbukem*) meɪ 29 2017 ˈʃɑkɪŋ tɪ hir əv ðə ˈpæsɪŋ əv wən əv ðə tru greɪts əv ˈəndərˌgraʊnd dæns ˈkəlʧər ənd pərˈdəkʃən... rɪp ˈmɑrkəs ʒil ˈpitərsən (@gillespeterson*) meɪ 28 2017 əm ˈətərli ˈsædənd ðət wi hæv lɔst ə ˈsoʊlʤər maɪ θɔts ər wɪθ hɪz ˈfæməli frɛndz. rɪp ənd kip ɔn ˈroʊlɪn ɔn. ˈroʊni saɪz (@ronisizebristol*) meɪ 28 2017 rɪp ˈmɑrkəs. səʧ ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ nuz, əˈnəðər ˈlɛʤənd, wən əv greɪts ˈteɪkən tu ˈərli. ɑr θɔts ər wɪθ hɪz ˈfæməli ʧeɪs ˈstætəs (@chaseandstatus*) meɪ 28 2017 ʃɑkt ənd ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd rɪp ə tru ˈlɛʤənd frɛnd. ˈfɑbioʊ (@fabioandgroove*) meɪ 28 2017 rɪp ˈmɑrkəs. wən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst. ˈfrɪkʃən (@ˈfrɪkʃən) meɪ 28 2017 soʊ sæd tɪ hir əv ðə ˈpæsɪŋ əv ˈmɑrkəs. ə ˈmæsɪv ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən fər mi boʊθ ɛz ə drəm ənd bæs prəˈdusər... kɪd kəˈnoʊˌbi (@kidkenobi*) meɪ 29 2017 rɪp ˈmɑrkəs. soʊ sæd-- zɪŋk (@djzinc*) meɪ 28 2017 ˈvɛri sæd tɪ hir əv ˈmɑrkəs ˈpæsɪŋ əˈweɪ. hɪz mˈjuzɪk wɑz ə juʤ ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən fər mi, ˈθæŋkfəl əv ˈprɪvɪlɪʤ əv ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ɪm. ˈlɛʤənd haɪ ˈkɑntræst (@highcontrast*) meɪ 28 2017 səʧ ə tɔp gaɪ ənd əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈtælənt. rɪp ˈmɑrkəs mɑrk ˈprɪʧərd (@markprtchrd*) meɪ 28 2017 aɪ kænt bɪˈliv fər tru ˈmæstər ˈlɛʤənd həz lɛft ˈjuˈɛs. rɪp ˈmɑrkəs. ˈsɛndɪŋ ləv strɛŋθ tɪ hɪz ˈfæməli ˈændi si (@andyc_ram*) meɪ 28 2017 ˈtruli ˈhɑrtˌbroʊkən tɪ faɪnd aʊt əˈbaʊt maɪ oʊld frɛnd. ɪm ˈətərli ʃɑkt.. ˈbrəðər. (@boddika*) meɪ 28 2017 ðɪs laɪf ɪz ʃɔrt ˈpipəl meɪk ˈɛvəri ˈsɛkənd kaʊnt rɪp ˈmɑrkəs ə tru drəm ənd bæs ˌpaɪəˈnɪr (@audiopxlfst*) meɪ 28 2017
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clubland is paying tribute to the celebrated british drum & bass producer and dj marcus “intalex” kaye, who died unexpectedly on sunday (may 28).
the manchester artist, who also played house and techno music under the moniker trevino, was due to play at his own soul:ution party in the capital on the weekend, but its promoter ovation announced the event had been scrapped.
a subsequent post from his own label soul:r reads, “it's with heavy hearts and great sadness we have announce that marcus passed away this morning. thanks for the kind words so far and we appreciate the privacy and respect shown for his loved ones and friends at this sad time." the cause of death is currently unknown.
an exponent of the experimental brand of liquid funk drum & bass, kaye founded the soul:r, revolve:r and birdie labels, and was active as a dj, producer, and touring artist from 1991 until his death.
from 1993 until 2000, he co-hosted the drum & bass show da intalex on kiss 102 fm in his hometown and he formed one half of the in-demand production team mist (with st files) which cut remixes for the likes of mj cole, un:cut, 4 hero and solid state. the mist release “how you make me feel” (31 records) from 1999 helped lay the groundwork for the emerging, soulful movement in drum & bass. the pair teamed with calibre as mist:ical for the 2007 album release the eleventh hour, while kaye stepped out on his own in 2011 for a debut solo full-length studio album 21 (he also released the fabriclive.35 beat-mixed compilation in 2007).
he also released drum & bass tracks via metalheadz and exit records and issued house and techno recordings through labels aus music, the nothing special and klockworks.
artists, djs and broadcasters took to social media to remember the d&b great.
it's the emotion he put into music, that will give us all, joy everlasting. thank you for those eternal memories & feelings. r.i.p marcus. — ltj bukem (@therealltjbukem) may 29, 2017
shocking to hear of the passing of one of the true greats of uk underground dance culture and production... rip marcus intalex — gilles peterson (@gillespeterson) may 28, 2017
i'm utterly saddened that we have lost a soldier @marcusintalex my thoughts are with his family & friends. rip and keep on rollin on. — roni size (@ronisizebristol) may 28, 2017
rip marcus intalex. such devastating news, another legend, one of manchester's greats taken too early. our thoughts are with his family -- — chase & status (@chaseandstatus) may 28, 2017
shocked and devastated rip @marcusintalex a true legend & friend. -- — fabio & grooverider (@fabioandgroove) may 28, 2017
rip marcus intalex. one of the greatest. — friction (@friction) may 28, 2017
so sad to hear of the passing of marcus intalex. a massive inspiration for me both as a drum and bass producer... https://t.co/iktsd3mwte — kid kenobi (@kidkenobi) may 29, 2017
rip marcus intalex. so sad-- — dj zinc (@djzinc) may 28, 2017
very sad to hear of marcus intalex passing away. his music was a huge inspiration for me, thankful of privilege of working with him. legend — high contrast (@highcontrast) may 28, 2017
https://t.co/6ecjtrx6ln noooooo !!!!!! such a top guy and amazing talent. rip marcus intalex — mark pritchard (@markprtchrd) may 28, 2017
i can't believe it...lost for words...a true master & legend has left us. rip marcus intalex. sending love & strength to his family -- — andy c (@andyc_ram) may 28, 2017
truly heartbroken to find out about my old friend @marcusintalex. im utterly shocked.
r.i.p. brother. https://t.co/shcprfdhen — boddika (@boddika) may 28, 2017
this life is short people ... make every second count , rip marcus intalex a true drum and bass pioneer -- — aud!o (@audiopxlfst) may 28, 2017
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wɪθ ɔl ðə ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl θɪŋz ðət ˈmɑdərn tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv, kənˈstrəktɪŋ ə ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk hænd ˈkeɪpəbəl əv pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ə ˈsɪmpəl ækt əv dɛkˈstɛrɪti səʧ ɛz ˈgræspɪŋ ənd ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈpɛnsəl həz rɪˈmeɪnd ə ˈʧælənʤ wən ðət ˈɛkspərts æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən meɪ hæv ˈfaɪnəli sɑlvd. kuˈmɑr, ə ˈdɑktərəl ˈstudənt ɪn kəmˈpjutər saɪəns ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti, ənd hɪz ˈkɑligz əˈnaʊnst ðɪs wik ðət ðeɪ hæd səkˈsɛsfəli bɪlt ə ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk hænd ðət kən ˈpɪvət, bɛnd, ənd pərˈfɔrm ˈəðər fits əv məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən ˈkɑmənli ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ˈjumənz. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðeɪ sɛd ðət ðə hænd kən sɛns ˈfrɪkʃən ənd lərn frəm ɪts oʊn ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz, wɪʧ minz ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ nid fər ˈjumənz tɪ dɪˈrɛkt ðə ˈjunɪt. tim wɪl ˈprɛzənt ðɛr wərk æt ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkɑnfərəns ɔn ˌroʊˈbɑtɪks ənd ɔtəˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, meɪ 17 ˈælgərˌɪðəm ɪˈlɪməˌneɪts ðə nid fər ˈjumən ˈɪnˌpʊt məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən ɪz wən əv ðə ˈhɑrdəst ˈprɑbləmz ðət hæv tɪ solve,”*,” kuˈmɑr sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈmənˌdeɪ. lɔt əv ˈroʊˌbəts təˈdeɪ hæv ˈprɪti ˈkeɪpəbəl ɑrmz bət ðə hænd ɪz ɛz ˈsɪmpəl ɛz ə ˈsəkʃən kəp ər ˈmeɪbi ə klɔ ər ə gripper.”*.” ˈkɑnvərsli, hɪz nu ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk hænd ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪz ən ˈækjərət ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən ˈmɑdəl ðət ɪˈneɪbəlz ə kəmˈpjutər tɪ ˈænəˌlaɪz ɪts ˈmuvmənts ɪn ˈrilˌtaɪm. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðə ˈroʊˌbət hænd ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈməltəpəl ˈmuvmənts, ənd ˈjuzɪz ðɪs ˈmɑdəl tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ɪts pərˈfɔrməns æt tæsks səʧ ɛz ˈroʊˌteɪtɪŋ lɔŋ ˈɑbʤɛkts. ðɪs ˈælgərˌɪðəm əˈlaʊz ðə ˈroʊˌbət tɪ ˈstədi ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈfɪzɪks əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə tæsk, ənd tɪ plæn wɪʧ muvz ɪt ʃʊd bi pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈʧiv ðə dɪˈzaɪərd rɪˈzəlts, ðə ˈstədi ˈɔθərz ɪkˈspleɪnd. ˈpipəl lʊk æt ə ˈmoʊʃən ənd traɪ tɪ dɪˈtərmən wət ɪgˈzæktli nidz tɪ ˈhæpən ðə ˈpɪŋki nidz tɪ muv ðət weɪ, soʊ pʊt səm rulz ɪn ənd traɪ ɪt ənd ɪf ˈsəmθɪŋ wərk, oʊ ðə ˈmɪdəl ˈfɪŋgər muvd tu məʧ ənd ðə pɛn ˈtɪltɪd, soʊ traɪ əˈnəðər rule,”*,” ɪkˈspleɪnd ˈsinjər ˈstədi ˈɔθər ˈiˌmoʊ todorov*, ən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt prəˈfɛsər əv kəmˈpjutər saɪəns, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ənd əˈplaɪd ˌmæθəˈmætɪks æt. ˈɔlˌmoʊst laɪk ˈmeɪkɪŋ ən ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd film,”*,” ˈædɪd todorov*. lʊks ril bət ðɛr wɑz ən ˈɑrmi əv ˈænəˌmeɪtərz tˈwikɪŋ ɪt. wət wi ər ˈjuzɪŋ ɪz ə ˌjunəˈvərsəl əˈproʊʧ ðət ɪˈneɪbəlz ðə ˈroʊˌbət tɪ lərn frəm ɪts oʊn ˈmuvmənts ənd rikˈwaɪərz noʊ tˈwikɪŋ frəm us.”*.” ðɛr əˈproʊʧ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪts ðə nid fər ˈɛvəri ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl stɛp əv ə tæsk tɪ bi baɪ ə ˈjumən kənˈtroʊlər. soʊ haʊ dɪd ðə tim ˈmænɪʤ tɪ pʊl ɔf ðɪs fit? ɪt ˈizi, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə prɛs riˈlis. ɪn fækt, ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti sɛd ðət kənˈstrəktɪŋ ə, ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk hænd poʊzd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ““challenges”*” ɪn tərmz əv ““both…*… dɪˈzaɪn ənd control,”*,” ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr ðət ɪt wɑz kwɪk, strɔŋ ənd ˈflɛksəbəl ɪˈnəf tɪ ˈmɪmɪk ðə ˈbeɪsɪk bɪˈheɪvjərz ðət ə ˈjumən hænd ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv pərˈfɔrmɪŋ. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðə ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk hænd rikˈwaɪərd trɪˈmɛndəs ˈrisɔrsɪz ɛz wɛl. ɪt kɔst kuˈmɑr, todorov*, ənd ðɛr ˈkɑligz əˈprɑksəmətli tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ðə ˈsɪstəm, wɪʧ ˈjuzɪz ə ˈʃæˌdoʊ hænd ˈskɛlətən wɪθ ə ˈkəstəm nuˈmætɪk ˈsɪstəm. ðə dɪˈvaɪs ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈmuvɪŋ ˈfæstər ðən ˈjumən hænz, bət ɪz tu ɪkˈspɛnsɪv fər ˈrɛgjələr juz ɪn ðə kəˈmərʃəl ər ˌɪnˈdəstriəl fildz. ər ə lɔt əv keɪˈɑtɪk θɪŋz goʊɪŋ ɔn ənd kəˈlɪʒənz ˈhæpənɪŋ wɪn ju təʧ ən ˈɑbʤɛkt wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt ˈfɪŋgərz, wɪʧ ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt fər kənˈtroʊl ˈælgərˌɪðəmz tɪ dil with,”*,” sɛd ˈsɛrʤi lɛˈvin, əˈsɪstənt prəˈfɛsər əv kəmˈpjutər saɪəns ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ hu wərkt ɔn ðə hænd waɪl ˈstədiɪŋ ɛz ə æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˈbərkli. əˈproʊʧ wi tʊk wɑz kwaɪt ˈdɪfərənt frəm ə trəˈdɪʃənəl kənˈtroʊlz approach.”*.” ðəs fɑr, ðə ˈrisərʧərz hæv səkˈsɛsfəli ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ðət ðə ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ˈsɪstəm ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈlərnɪŋ æt ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈlɛvəl, wɪʧ minz ðət ɪt kən gɪt ˈbɛtər æt tæsks ðət ˌrikˈwaɪər ɪt tɪ məˈnɪpjəˌleɪt wən ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪn ˈsɪmələr weɪz. ðɛr nɛkst stɛp wɪl ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl ˈlərnɪŋ, ˈminɪŋ ðət ðə hænd kʊd ˈfɪgjər aʊt haʊ tɪ məˈnɪpjəˌleɪt ənˈnoʊn ˈɑbʤɛkts wɪˈθaʊt ˈjumən ˈɪnˌpʊt. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈkɑmɛnts ˈkɑmɛnts
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with all the incredible things that modern technology is capable of, constructing a robotic hand capable of performing a simple act of dexterity such as grasping and using a pencil has remained a challenge – one that experts at the university of washington may have finally solved.
vikash kumar, a doctoral student in computer science and engineering at the university, and his colleagues announced this week that they had successfully built a five-fingered robotic hand that can pivot, bend, and perform other feats of in-hand manipulation commonly limited to humans.
furthermore, they said that the hand can sense friction and learn from its own experiences, which means that there is no need for humans to direct the unit. kumar’s team will present their work at the ieee international conference on robotics and automation on tuesday, may 17.
self-learning algorithm eliminates the need for human input
“hand manipulation is one of the hardest problems that roboticists have to solve,” kumar said in a statement monday. “a lot of robots today have pretty capable arms but the hand is as simple as a suction cup or maybe a claw or a gripper.” conversely, his team’s new robotic hand utilizes an accurate simulation model that enables a computer to analyze its movements in real-time.
as a result, the robot hand is capable of multiple dexterous movements, and uses this model to improve its performance at tasks such as rotating long objects. this machine-learning algorithm allows the robot to study the basic physics associated with the task, and to plan which moves it should be performing in order to achieve the desired results, the study authors explained.
“usually people look at a motion and try to determine what exactly needs to happen – the pinky needs to move that way, so we’ll put some rules in and try it and if something doesn’t work, oh the middle finger moved too much and the pen tilted, so we’ll try another rule,” explained senior study author emo todorov, an associate professor of computer science, engineering and applied mathematics at uw.
“it’s almost like making an animated film,” added todorov. “it looks real but there was an army of animators tweaking it. what we are using is a universal approach that enables the robot to learn from its own movements and requires no tweaking from us.” their approach eliminates the need for every individual step of a task to be pre-programmed by a human controller.
so how did the uw team manage to pull off this feat?
it wasn’t easy, according to a uw press release. in fact, the university said that constructing a dexterous, five-fingered robotic hand posed significant “challenges” in terms of “both… design and control,” including making sure that it was quick, strong and flexible enough to mimic the basic behaviors that a human hand is capable of performing.
furthermore, the robotic hand required tremendous resources as well. it cost kumar, todorov, and their colleagues approximately $30,000 to develop the system, which uses a shadow hand skeleton actuated with a custom pneumatic system. the device is capable of moving faster than human hands, but is too expensive for regular use in the commercial or industrial fields.
“there are a lot of chaotic things going on and collisions happening when you touch an object with different fingers, which is difficult for control algorithms to deal with,” said co-author sergey levine, uw assistant professor of computer science and engineering who worked on the hand while studying as a postdoc at the university of california, berkeley. “the approach we took was quite different from a traditional controls approach.”
thus far, the researchers have successfully demonstrated that the hardware system is capable of learning at the local level, which means that it can get better at tasks that require it to manipulate one object in similar ways. their next step will involve demonstrating global learning, meaning that the hand could figure out how to manipulate unknown objects without human input.
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image credit: university of washington
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ɪt ɪz nɑt ɔl rɪˈlɪʤən ˈsəbˌweɪ ˈsɪstəmz ɪn moʊst ˈmeɪʤər ˈsɪtiz hæv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən kiɔsks tɪ gaɪd ðə lɔst ər kənfˈjuzd ˈtrævələrz tɪ ðɛr dɪˈzaɪərd ˌdɛstəˈneɪʃənz. ˈiʤɪpt dɪz θɪŋz ˈdɪfərˈɛntli, ɛz ˈnoʊtɪd səm ˈsɛnʧəriz əˈgoʊ. nu kiɔsks æt ðə ˈkaɪroʊ ˈsəbˌweɪ gaɪd ðə ˈtrævələrz nɑt tɪ æl ər demerdash*, ˌɪnˈstɛd ðə weɪ ɪz ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ə mɔr paɪəs laɪf ənd pərˈhæps ə ˈbɛtər ˈæftərˌlaɪf. ðiz ““fatwa”*” kiɔsks ər mænd baɪ ˈnætəli drɛst ɪkˈspɪriənst ɪn səʧ ˈmætər ɛz haʊ tɪ dɪˈvaɪd ˌɪnˈhɛrətəns, stɑrt ə ˈbɪznɪs ər ˈhændəl ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz. ðə aɪˈdiə ɪz tɪ prəˈvaɪd fæst ədˈvaɪs tɪ ðə ˈhɛrid kəmˈjutər baɪ dɪˈspɛnsɪŋ rɪˈlɪʤən kˈwɪkli ɔn ðə trɪp hoʊm. ˈiʤɪpt dɪz nɑt læk fər ˈpəblɪk ɪkˈsprɛʃənz əv rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfərvər soʊ ðə kiɔsks fɪt ɪn ˈnaɪsli ɪn ə ˈkəntri soʊkt ɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈpaɪəti. ðə ɪnˈtaɪər aɪˈdiə ɪz ðə ˈbreɪnˌʧaɪld əv æl əˈzɑr wɪʧ ɪz wɪθ taxpayers’*’ ˈməni. ənd ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə kiɔsks ər ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ˈməzlɪmz, wən ˈsəˌspɛkts, neɪ ɪz ʃʊr, ðət ˈmɛni ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈkrɪsʧɪnz wʊd ˈfɑloʊ sut ɪf ðeɪ kʊd. ðə kiɔsks ər mɛnt tɪ ˈkɑmbæt rɪˈlɪʤəs ˌɪkˈstrɛmɪzəm; ə sɔrt əv ˌhoʊmioʊˈpæθək kjʊr wɛr ə ˈlɛsər bɪt əv ðə ˈpɔɪzən ˌɪˈnɑkjəˌleɪts əˈgɛnst ðə ˈbɪgər ˈdeɪnʤər, curentur*. wi ʃʊd nɑt bi kwɪk tɪ bɪˈliv ɪt. æl əˈzɑr ɪz ən ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ɪn ðə ˈbɪznɪs əv rɪˈlɪʤən, ənd ðə kiɔsks ər ɪts ˈleɪtəst ˈstɑrˌtəp ˈɛfərt ər groʊθ fənd. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɔlsoʊ siz ðɛm ɛz ə kwɪk weɪ tɪ ˈkəri ˈfeɪvər wɪθ ðə ˈpəblɪk, ˈsərtənli ˈiziər ðən dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈifɛktɪvli. ə steɪt ðət həz ˈtrəbəl ˈkipɪŋ treɪnz ɔn træks ər ˈfɛriz ˈəˌpraɪt ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz fɪt tɪ gaɪd soʊlz tɪ haɪər ˈpleɪsɪz. ðə ˈfɑtwɑ kiɔsks ər nɑt ə ˈhɑrmləs bɪt əv ˈnɑnsɛns. ðeɪ ər ə ˌmænəfɛˈsteɪʃən əv ə ˈdipər ˈprɑbləm bɪˈhaɪnd ˈrisənt stægˈneɪʃən ənd ˈsoʊʃəl dɪˈvɪʒənz. ðɛr ɪz ðə ˈwaɪdli hɛld bɪˈlif ðət rɪˈlɪʤən, əˈproʊpriɪtli dɪˈfaɪnd, ɪz ðə səˈluʃən tɪ ˈmɛni, ɪf nɑt moʊst, ɪlz. ðə ˈɛvədəns fər ðət bɪˈlif ɪz skænt, ənd moʊst əv ɪt pɔɪnts tɪ ðə ˈɑpəzɪt. ɪn hɪz taɪm ɪn ˈpɑrləmɛnt, ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt morsi*, ˈθəndərd əˈgɛnst kərˈəpʃən ənd wɪn ˈrənɪŋ fər ˈprɛzɪdənt kleɪmd ðət ɪt kən ɔl bi kjʊrd baɪ əˈpɔɪntɪŋ ðə paɪəs tɪ ˈɔfəs. ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ʃɔrt tərm ðə mɛn əv hɪz ˈpɑrti keɪm ˈrɛdi tɪ græb wɪθ boʊθ fɪsts ɪn ə time-honored*, bət ˈhɑrdli rɪˈlɪʤəs, ˈætəˌtud əv tərn now”*”. ˈpriʧərz lɔŋ ərʤd ˈwɪmən tɪ ˈkəvər əp ɪn ˈɔrdər nɑt tɪ ɪkˈsaɪt ˈpæʃənz. bət ə ˈwʊmən ˈwɔkɪŋ ðə hɑt strits əv ˈkaɪroʊ ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 1967 ɪn ə ˈflɪmzi sən drɛs kʊd du soʊ ˌənməˈlɛstɪd. təˈdeɪ hər ˈgrænˌdɔtər, ˈfʊli sild ɪn floʊɪŋ ˈgɑrmənts, wɪl ɔl tu ˈɔfən rən ə ˈgɔntlət əv ˈsɛkʃuəl hərˈæsmənt. ðɛr ər ˈivɪn mɔr ˈsɪriəs ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz. loʊər fərˈtɪlɪti ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər ˈiʤɪpt tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk lɔt əv ðə ˈpipəl ənd dil wɪθ skɛrs ˈrisɔrsɪz əv lænd ənd ˈwɔtər. bət rɪˈlɪʤəs aɪˈdiəz, voce*, stænd ɪn ðə weɪ əv ˈprɑpər ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən kənˈtroʊl. ənd ðə ˈməðər əv ɔl ˈprɑbləmz ɪz ˈkəlʧərəl stægˈneɪʃən ənd ˌdɪməˈnuʃən. ɪt ɪz ə kˈwɛʃən ɛz ˈwɛðər ˈkəlʧərəl stægˈneɪʃən ˈmænəˌfɛsts ɛz fɔls ˈpaɪəti ər ˈwɛðər fɔls ˈpaɪəti ˈkɔzɪz ˈkəlʧərəl stægˈneɪʃən. wi du noʊ, rəˈgɑrdləs, ðət ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈætməsˌfɪr həz meɪd ɪt ˈizi fər ə məˈnɔrəti əv ˈmɔrəl busybodies*, snups ənd snitches*, tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt ˈfrili ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. ˈɛni mæn kən dræg ə ˈfɛloʊ ˈsɪtɪzən tɪ kɔrt ɔn əˈkaʊnt əv pərˈsivd əˈfɛns tɪ ðɛr ˈdɛləkət rɪˈlɪʤəs ˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪti. ə prəˈfɛsər hu ridz ˈpoʊətri ənd ˈbɛli ˈdænsɪz ɪn ˈpraɪvət ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən ɪz ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈleɪbəld ə θrɛt tɪ rɪˈlɪʤən. fju noʊt ðə əbˈsərdəti əv ðə ʧɑrʤ; ənd ˈsərtənli ðə kɔrts du nɑt læf ɔf ðə sut. ðiz ˈkeɪsɪz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə moʊst ˈɑbviəs ənd ɪˈgriʤəs əˈfɛnsɪz, bət ˈlɛsər əˈfɛnsɪz pæs ənˈnoʊtɪst ˈɛvəri deɪ. ˈiʤɪpt həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈkəntri əv smɔl ˈdeɪli coercions*, ənd rɪˈlɪʤən həz pleɪd ən ənˈhæpi roʊl ɪn ðət dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ˈkəlʧər ˈmætərz; boʊθ ɪn ðə loʊər ənd ˈəpər keɪs. ˈpəblɪk rɪˈlɪʤəs ækts ənd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˌɪmˈplɪsət ər ɪkˈsplɪsət səˈpɔrt əv ðɛm ɪz noʊ ˈlæfɪŋ ˈmætər. ðə groʊθ əv rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfərvər ɪz nɑt wɪˈθaʊt kɔst. ɪt dɪˈspleɪsɪz ˈəðər fɔrmz əv ˈkəlʧər. ɪt ɪz noʊ koʊˈɪnsɪdəns ðət ðə læst 40 jɪrz əv ˈpəblɪk ˈwɪpɪŋ əp əv rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfərvər sɔ ə ˈʤɛnərəl dɪˈklaɪn ɪn ˈkəlʧərəl ˈaʊtˌpʊt. səm ˈkɔzɪz ər klɪr ənd dɪˈrɛkt, ɛz ˈɑrtɪsts, ˈraɪtərz ənd poʊəts ər ˈrɛgjələrli əˈkjuzd əv ˈblæsfəmi ɔn əˈkaʊnt əv ðɛr wərk. ˌɪnˈkrist rɪˌlɪʤiˈɑsəti ʃɪfts ðə nɔrmz ənd əˈlaʊz fər dɪˈskɔrdənt ənd dɪˈvaɪsɪv ˈvɔɪsɪz tɪ faɪnd hoʊmz ɔn ðə ˈfrɪnʤɪz əv ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrim. ðiz ˈvɔɪsɪz ɪn tərn pʊl ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈfərðər təˈwɔrdz ðɛm ənd səˈprɛs ˈrizənd dɪˈsɛnt. ɔl əv ðɪs ɪz ˈnæsti ˈfidˌbæk lup, ənd ənˈlɛs ɪt ɪz ˈbroʊkən ðə reɪs ɪz tɪ ðə ˈvɛri ˈbɑtəm. noʊ wən həz ðə raɪt tɪ æsk ɪˈʤɪpʃənz tɪ fɔrˈseɪk ðɛr gɑd ər dɪˈnaɪ ðɛr rɪˈlɪʤəs ɪkˈsprɛʃənz. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ɪˈʤɪpʃənz ər ˌɪˈnɔrdənətli fɑnd əv ðɛr rɪˈlɪʤən. ðət meɪ ˈvɛri wɛl bi tru. bət wət wi hæv ˈwɪtnəst ɪn ðə læst fju ˈdɛkeɪdz ɪz nɑt ðə traɪəmf əv ˈneɪtɪv ˈspɪrɪt, nɔr ðə ˈfeɪljər əv ““modernity”*”, bət ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ə ˈkəlʧər wɔr weɪʤd baɪ dɪˈtərmənd ənd ˈdɪsəplənd ˈaɪdiəlɔgz (əˈgɛn əv boʊθ riˈlɪʤənz), hu ˈwɔntɪd rɪˈlɪʤəs ɪkˈsprɛʃənz tɪ hæv ˈpraɪˌmɛri, ˈivɪn ɪkˈsklusɪv, roʊl ɪn dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ˈkəlʧər ənd ˈivɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks. wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ðə ˈlætər ðɛr ɪz kənfˈjuʒən. ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz reɪs əraʊnd ˈɔfərɪŋ rɪˈlɪʤəs ədˈvaɪs waɪl ənd poʊpz ˈkɑmɛnt ˈnoʊɪŋli ɔn ˈpɑləˌtɪks. ɪt ɪz ə ˈklæsɪk keɪs əv haʊ ˈmɪksɪŋ əv rɪˈlɪʤən ənd ˈsɪvɪk ˈpɑləˌtɪks hərts boʊθ. ən ˈænɪkˌdoʊt wɑz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðɪs ˈɔθər səm jɪrz əˈgoʊ baɪ ə mæn hu ˈwɪtnəst ɪt fərst hænd. ɪn 1950 ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈmɪnɪstri əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈwɔntɪd tɪ rɪˈvaɪz ðə skul kərˈɪkjələm tɪ ə mɔr ˈneɪtɪv ənd ˌnæʃənəˈlɪstɪk bɛnt. ɪt sɔt əˈpɪnjənz frəm wɪˈθɪn ɪts ræŋks. wən mæn, ˈhaɪli rɪˈgɑrdɪd ənd ɑrmd wɪθ ə ˈrisənt ˈgræʤəˌweɪt dɪˈgri frəm əˈmɛrɪkə, ˈɔfərd hɪz vjuz. rɪˈlɪʤən məst bi wivd ˈɪntu ɔl ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə kərˈɪkjələm, ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ˈhɪstəri, ɑrts ənd ˈivɪn ˈsaɪənsɪz. ə ˈskɛptɪkəl ˈmɛmbər əv ðə kəˈmɪti ˈɔfərd ə rɪˈbjuk ɛl din jɑ sayyd”*” (ɪt ɪz nɑt ɔl rɪˈlɪʤən prəˈfɛsər). ðə ˈkɑmɛnt ərnd ə ˈhɑrti ˈʧəkəl frəm ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz. mɔr ðən ˈsɪksti jɪrz ˈleɪtər, ˈiʤɪpt nidz tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət dɪz nɑt hæv ðə læst læf.
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it is not all religion
subway systems in most major cities have information kiosks to guide the lost or confused travelers to their desired destinations. egypt does things differently, as herodotus noted some centuries ago. new kiosks at the cairo subway guide the travelers not to sarayat al qoba or demerdash, instead the way is pointed to a more pious life and perhaps a better afterlife. these “fatwa” kiosks are manned by nattily dressed sheikhs experienced in such matter as how to divide inheritance, start a business or handle finances. the idea is to provide fast advice to the harried commuter by dispensing religion quickly on the trip home. egypt does not lack for public expressions of religious fervor so the kiosks fit in nicely in a country soaked in public piety. the entire idea is the brainchild of al azhar which is well-endowed with taxpayers’ money. and although the kiosks are dedicated to muslims, one suspects, nay is sure, that many egyptian christians would follow suit if they could. the kiosks are meant to combat religious extremism; a sort of homeopathic cure where a lesser bit of the poison inoculates against the bigger danger, similia similibus curentur. we should not be quick to believe it. al azhar is an enterprise in the business of religion, and the kiosks are its latest startup effort or growth fund. the government also sees them as a quick way to curry favor with the public, certainly easier than delivering services effectively. a state that has trouble keeping trains on tracks or ferries upright advertises itself as fit to guide souls to higher places.
the fatwa kiosks are not a harmless bit of nonsense. they are a manifestation of a deeper problem behind egypt’s recent stagnation and social divisions. there is the widely held belief that religion, appropriately defined, is the solution to many, if not most, ills. the evidence for that belief is scant, and most of it points to the opposite. in his time in parliament, former president morsi, thundered against corruption and when running for president claimed that it can all be cured by appointing the pious to office. during his short term the men of his party came ready to grab with both fists in a time-honored, but hardly religious, attitude of “my turn now”. preachers long urged women to cover up in order not to excite men’s passions. but a woman walking the hot streets of cairo in the summer of 1967 in a flimsy sun dress could do so unmolested. today her granddaughter, fully sealed in flowing garments, will all too often run a gauntlet of sexual harassment. there are even more serious consequences. lower fertility is necessary for egypt to improve the economic lot of the people and deal with scarce resources of land and water. but religious ideas, sotto voce, stand in the way of proper population control. and the mother of all problems is cultural stagnation and diminution. it is a chicken-and-egg question as whether cultural stagnation manifests as false piety or whether false piety causes cultural stagnation. we do know, regardless, that the current atmosphere has made it easy for a minority of moral busybodies, snoops and snitches, to operate freely in the country. any man can drag a fellow citizen to court on account of perceived offense to their delicate religious sensibility. a professor who reads poetry and joyously belly dances in private celebration is immediately labeled a threat to religion. few note the absurdity of the charge; and certainly the courts do not laugh off the suit. these cases represent the most obvious and egregious offenses, but lesser offenses pass unnoticed every day. egypt has become a country of small daily coercions, and religion has played an unhappy role in that development. culture matters; both in the lower and upper case. public religious acts and the government implicit or explicit support of them is no laughing matter. the growth of religious fervor is not without cost. it displaces other forms of culture. it is no coincidence that the last 40 years of public whipping up of religious fervor saw a general decline in cultural output. some causes are clear and direct, as artists, writers and poets are regularly accused of blasphemy on account of their work. increased religiosity shifts the norms and allows for discordant and divisive voices to find homes on the fringes of the mainstream. these voices in turn pull the mainstream further towards them and suppress reasoned dissent. all of this is nasty feedback loop, and unless it is broken the race is to the very bottom.
no one has the right to ask egyptians to forsake their god or deny their religious expressions. herodotus also noted that egyptians are inordinately fond of their religion. that may very well be true. but what we have witnessed in the last few decades is not the triumph of native spirit, nor the failure of “modernity”, but the result of a culture war waged by determined and disciplined ideologues (again of both religions), who wanted religious expressions to have primary, even exclusive, role in defining culture and even politics. when it comes to the latter there is discernable confusion. politicians race around offering religious advice while sheikhs and popes comment knowingly on politics. it is a classic case of how mixing of religion and civic politics hurts both. an anecdote was related to this author some years ago by a man who witnessed it first hand. in 1950 the egyptian ministry of education wanted to revise the school curriculum to a more native and nationalistic bent. it sought opinions from within its ranks. one man, highly regarded and armed with a recent graduate degree from america, offered his views. religion must be weaved into all aspects of the curriculum, language, history, arts and even sciences. a skeptical member of the committee offered a rebuke “mish kulu el deen ya ustaz sayyd” (it is not all religion professor sayyd). the comment earned a hearty chuckle from other members. more than sixty years later, egypt needs to make sure that sayyd qutb does not have the last laugh.
— maged atiya
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noʊt fər ˈrɛgjələr ˈridərz: ðɪs poʊst əˈbaʊt pərl 6 gəts ðɛmˈsɛlvz, bət ˈrəðər əˈbaʊt ˈsikɪŋ ˈfəndɪŋ fər maɪ pərl 6 wərk. ɪt ɪz eɪmd æt ˈfaɪndɪŋ doʊˈneɪʃənz frəm ˈbɪznɪsɪz hu ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn səˈpɔrtɪŋ pərl 6, ənd baɪ ˈfəndɪŋ maɪ wərk ɔn ðiz ˈprɑʤɛkts. aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ tɪ ðə pərl 6 kəmˈpaɪlər bæk ɪn 2008 ənd sɪns ðɛn hæv ˈsəmˌhaʊ ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ɛnd əp ɛz ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt fər boʊθ ənd, təˈgɛðər wɪθ pleɪɪŋ ə ki dɪˈzaɪn roʊl ɪn pərl ˈfiʧərz. ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz, meɪd taɪm fər pərl 6 wərk baɪ: ˈspɛndɪŋ ə bənʧ əv maɪ fri taɪm ɔn ɪt. ˈoʊnli ˈwərkɪŋ ən 80 fər faɪv jɪrz, ˈifɛktɪvli ə deɪ ə wik fər pərl 6 θɪŋz. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs taɪm aɪ dɪd ˈɔlsoʊ teɪk ˈvɛriəs ““milestone”*” grænts (fər dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ˈnoʊtəbəl ˈfiʧərz); ðɪs ˈmoʊstli ˈɛndɪd əp peɪɪŋ fər maɪ ˈtrævəl tɪ ə bənʧ əv ˈwərkˌʃɑps ənd ˈkɑnfərənsəz, wɪʧ wɑz ə greɪt dil əv fən ənd hɛlpt kip ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ˈdʊrɪŋ pərl lɔŋ ʤɛˈsteɪʃən ˈpɪriəd. moʊst ˈrisəntli, ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈfəndɪŋ æt ə reɪt ðət waɪl lɛs ðən aɪ kʊd meɪk duɪŋ ˈəðər stəf lɛts mi ˈkəmfərtəbli wərk ɔn pərl 6 ɛz ə pɑrt əv maɪ ˈnɔrməl ˈdeɪli ʤɑb. stɪl ˈgreɪtli ˌɛnˈʤɔɪɪŋ duɪŋ pərl 6 stəf ənd, waɪl lɛs fri taɪm ðiz deɪz fər ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈrizənz, aɪ stɪl spɛnd ə ˈdisənt ʧəŋk əv ðət ɔn pərl 6 θɪŋz tu. ɪˈnəf fər ˈpisɪŋ təˈgɛðər ˈvɛriəs ˈmɑʤulz aɪ faɪnd ˈmɪsɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm, ənd fər səm kɔr dɪˈvɛləpmənt wərk. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv pərl 6, ənd ˈɪʃuz ðət ɛnd əp ɔn maɪ pleɪt ər boʊθ ˈkɑmplɛks ənd time-consuming*. fər ˈvɛriəs ˈɛriəz əv, ðə əv læst rɪˈzɔrt. ˈmeɪkɪŋ rən pərl 6 ˈfæstər minz ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə daɪˈnæmɪk, wɪʧ nidz ə gʊd dil əv kɛr tɪ əˈvɔɪd duɪŋ ðə rɔŋ θɪŋ ˈrɪli fæst. ənd ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd ðə dɪˈzaɪn ənd ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv pərl kənˈkərənt ənd ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ˈfiʧərz ˈɔlsoʊ rikˈwaɪərz ˈkɛrfəl kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən. biɪŋ ˈfəndɪd θru ðə pərl faʊnˈdeɪʃən ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈkəpəl əv jɪrz həz ɪˈneɪbəld mi tɪ spɛnd kˈwɑləti taɪm ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðiz kaɪnz əv ˈɪʃuz (ənd ˈplɛnti mɔr ˌbiˈsaɪdz). soʊ əp? bɪn wɪˈθaʊt ˈfəndɪŋ sɪns ˈfɛbruˌɛri. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, maɪ nid tɪ rɪˈnu maɪ ˈfəndɪŋ həz kəm æt ə taɪm wɪn ðə pərl faʊnˈdeɪʃən həz bɪn ˌəndərˈgoʊɪŋ kwaɪt ə lɔt əv ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. laɪk tɪ meɪk ˈvɛri klɪr ðət ˈhjuʤli səˈpɔrtɪv ənd ˈθæŋkfəl fər ɔl ðət hæv dən ənd ər duɪŋ, boʊθ fər mi ˈpərsənəli ənd fər pərl 6 ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl. ɔˈrɛdi ðɪs jɪr, tu pərl 6 grænts hæv bɪn meɪd tɪ ˈəðərz fər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt wərk. ðiz wər meɪd θru ðə ˈnɔrməl grænts ˈprɔˌsɛs. baɪ ˈkɑntræst, maɪ wərk həz bɪn ˈfəndɪd θru ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt pərl 6 kɔr dɪˈvɛləpmənt fənd. ɛz ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt fənd, ɪt ðəs nidz fəndz ˈreɪzɪŋ spəˈsɪfɪkli fər ɪt, ənd həz ɪts oʊn ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˈsɛpərˌeɪt frəm ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrim grænt ˈprɔˌsɛs. bɪtˈwin ðə fənd biɪŋ ˈɔlˌmoʊst dɪˈplitɪd, ənd ˈvɛriəs nu ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz ˈstɛpɪŋ əp tɪ nu roʊlz ɪn ənd ˈnidɪŋ tɪ gɪt əp tɪ spid ɔn kwaɪt ɪˈnəf ˌbiˈsaɪdz ðə pərl 6 kɔr dɪˈvɛləpmənt fənd, ənˈfɔrʧənətli nɑt bɪn ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ meɪk ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɔn maɪ ˈfəndɪŋ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə læst ˈkəpəl əv mənθs. kwaɪt ʃʊr wi kən gɪt ðɛr wɪθ taɪm bət æt ðə seɪm taɪm kin tɪ gɪt bæk tɪ ˈhævɪŋ mɔr taɪm tɪ spɛnd ɔn pərl 6 əˈgɛn. soʊ, ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ traɪ aʊt ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈmɑdəl. ɪf ɪt wərks, aɪ pəˈtɛnʃəli gɪt ˈfəndɪd ˈfæstər, ənd ˈɛnərʤiz ər frid əp tɪ hɛlp ˈəðərz spɛnd mɔr taɪm ɔn pərl. ɪf nɑt, wɛl, ˈhoʊpfəli ˈoʊnli kɔst mi ðə taɪm ɪt tʊk tɪ raɪt ðɪs blɔg poʊst. ðə ˈɔfər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈbɪznɪsɪz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ hɛlp fənd maɪ pərl 6 dɪˈvɛləpmənt wərk. aɪ kən ˈɔfər ɪn rɪˈtərn: tɪ spɛnd kˈwɑləti taɪm ɔn pərl 6, ənd. tɪ ˈiðər spɛnd ðə taɪm ɔn ðə ˈɛriəz ðət aɪ fil ər moʊst ˈprɛsɪŋ beɪst ɔn maɪ oʊn ˈʤəʤmənt ənd ˈɪnˌpʊt frəm ðə kəmˈjunɪti, ər tɪ spɛnd ɪt ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ˈɛriəz əv ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst (fər ɪgˈzæmpəl: ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ˈneɪtɪv kɔl pərˈfɔrməns, dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ˌɪmˈpruvmənts səʧ ɛz kəmˈplitɪŋ əˈweɪt ər ˈhaɪpər reɪs ˈbɪldɪŋ ə ˈsæmplɪŋ tɪ gɪv ˈbɛtər ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˈɪntu ˈproʊˌgræmz, ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðə daɪˈnæmɪk soʊ hɑt koʊd kən rən ˈfæstər, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) ər ˈbɪldɪŋ ə ˈsæmplɪŋ tɪ gɪv ˈbɛtər ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˈɪntu ˈproʊˌgræmz, ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðə daɪˈnæmɪk soʊ hɑt koʊd kən rən ˈfæstər, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) tɪ raɪt æt list wən blɔg poʊst hir pər 25 aʊərz əv wərk kəmˈplitɪd. ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈbɔrɪŋ lɪst əv stəf ðət aɪ gɑt dən, aɪ prɪˈfər tɪ raɪt poʊsts ðət ˈfoʊkɪs əraʊnd ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈprɑbləmz aɪ sɑlvd ər ðət dɪg ˈɪntu ðə ˈditeɪlz əv θɪŋz ðət aɪ hæv ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd. aɪ wɪl bi ˈhæpi tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə ˈspɑnsər əv ðə wərk ɪn ðiz poʊsts, təˈgɛðər wɪθ ə lɪŋk, ˈloʊgoʊ, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. pər 100 aʊərz ˈfəndɪd, prəˈvaɪd 5 ˈɛkstrə aʊərz əv maɪ taɪm ðət ðə ˈspɑnsər meɪ juz ɛz ðeɪ wɪʃ (wɪˈθɪn ˈrizən!) ðət meɪ bi fər ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən ɔn ˈɛni ˈtɑpɪk ju ˈfɪgjər aɪ maɪt bi əˈbaʊt (nɑt ʤɪst pərl 6 ˈraɪtɪŋ ən ˈɑrtɪkəl fər ju ɔn ə ˈtɑpɪk əv jʊr ʧɔɪs, ənd soʊ fɔrθ. ər, ɪf ju wɪʃ tɪ ˈdoʊˌneɪt ðə ˈboʊnəs taɪm bæk tɪ pərl 6 rɪˈleɪtɪd wərk, əv kɔrs faɪn tu (ənd bi ʃʊr tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ju dɪd soʊ!) ˈbɪlɪŋ baɪ ˈɪnvɔɪs ˈɪʃud frəm ə ˈkəmpəˌni wɪθ ɪts sit ɪn prɑg, ʧɛk riˈpəblɪk. wɪn aɪ gɪt ə pərl 6 rɪˈleɪtɪd bʊk dən tɛl ˈɛniˌwən aɪ sɛd ðət ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn wən), sɛnd əˈlɔŋ ə fju saɪnd ˈkɑpiz. ˈsɛtɪŋ ə reɪt fər ðɪs wərk əv 55 aʊər wɪθ ə ˈmɪnəməm ˈɔrdər əv 25 aʊərz. ðɪs nid nɑt bi bɪld ɔl ɪn wən goʊ; fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪf ju ˈhæpənd tɪ bi ə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈwɪʃɪŋ tɪ ˈdoʊˌneɪt 1000 ə mənθ tɪ ˈoʊpən sɔrs ənd wɪʃt tɪ bi ðət əˈmaʊnt iʧ mənθ, ðɪs ɪz ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈpɑsəbəl. ˈæftər ɔl, ɪf ˈkəmpəˌniz dɪd ðət, hæv mi duɪŋ pərl 6 stəf fər 2 fʊl deɪz ˈɛvəri wik. ɪf ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈhɛlpɪŋ, pliz gɪt ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ mi, ˈiðər baɪ iˈmeɪl ər ɔn ðɛr). θæŋk ju! ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts
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note for regular 6guts readers: this post isn’t about perl 6 guts themselves, but rather about seeking funding for my perl 6 work. it is aimed at finding medium-size donations from businesses who are interested in supporting perl 6, rakudo, and moarvm by funding my work on these projects.
i started contributing to the rakudo perl 6 compiler back in 2008, and since then have somehow managed to end up as architect for both rakudo and moarvm, together with playing a key design role in perl 6’s concurrency features. over the years, i’ve made time for perl 6 work by:
spending a bunch of my free time on it.
only working an 80% day-job for five years, effectively self-funding a day a week for perl 6 things. during this time i did also take various “milestone” grants (for delivering notable features); this mostly ended up paying for my travel to a bunch of workshops and conferences, which was a great deal of fun and helped keep the community informed during perl 6’s long gestation period.
most recently, taking funding at a rate that while less than i could make doing other stuff lets me comfortably work on perl 6 as a part of my normal daily job.
i’m still greatly enjoying doing perl 6 stuff and, while i’ve less free time these days for a variety of reasons, i still spend a decent chunk of that on perl 6 things too. that’s enough for piecing together various modules i find we’re missing in the ecosystem, and for some core development work. however, the majority of perl 6, rakudo, and moarvm issues that end up on my plate are both complex and time-consuming. for various areas of moarvm, i’m the debugger of last resort. making moarvm run perl 6 faster means working on the dynamic optimizer, which needs a good deal of care to avoid doing the wrong thing really fast. and driving forward the design and implementation of perl 6’s concurrent and parallel features also requires careful consideration. being funded through the perl foundation over the last couple of years has enabled me to spend quality time working on these kinds of issues (and plenty more besides).
so what’s up?
i’ve been without funding since early-mid february. unfortunately, my need to renew my funding has come at a time when the perl foundation has been undergoing quite a lot of changes. i’d like to make very clear that i’m hugely supportive and thankful for all that tpf have done and are doing, both for me personally and for perl 6 in general. already this year, two perl 6 grants have been made to others for important work. these were made through the normal tpf grants process. by contrast, my work has been funded through a separate perl 6 core development fund. as a separate fund, it thus needs funds raising specifically for it, and has its own operation separate from the mainstream grant process.
between the fund being almost depleted, and various new volunteers stepping up to new roles in tpf and needing to get up to speed on quite enough besides the perl 6 core development fund, unfortunately it’s not been possible to make progress on my funding situation in the last couple of months. i’m quite sure we can get there with time but at the same time i’m keen to get back to having more time to spend on perl 6 again.
so, i’ve decided to try out an alternative model. if it works, i potentially get funded faster, and tpf’s energies are freed up to help others spend more time on perl. if not, well, it’ll hopefully only cost me the time it took to write this blog post.
the offer
i’m looking for businesses willing to help fund my perl 6 development work. i can offer in return:
to spend quality time on perl 6, rakudo, and moarvm.
to either spend the time on the areas that i feel are most pressing based on my own judgement and input from the community, or to spend it focusing on areas of the sponsor’s interest (for example: improving native call performance, delivering concurrency improvements such as completing non-blocking await or hyper / race , building a sampling profiler to give better insight into long-running programs, improving the moarvm dynamic optimizer so hot code can run faster, etc.)
or / , building a sampling profiler to give better insight into long-running programs, improving the moarvm dynamic optimizer so hot code can run faster, etc.) to write at least one blog post here per 25 hours of work completed. rather than a boring list of stuff that i got done, i prefer to write posts that focus around particularly interesting problems i solved or that dig into the details of things that i have implemented. i will be happy to mention the sponsor of the work in these posts, together with a link, logo, etc.
per 100 hours funded, provide 5 extra hours of my time that the sponsor may use as they wish (within reason!) that may be for consultation on any topic you figure i might be clueful about (not just perl 6), writing an article for you on a topic of your choice, and so forth. or, if you wish to donate the bonus time back to perl 6 related work, that’s of course fine too (and i’ll be sure to mention you did so!)
billing by invoice issued from a vat-registered company with its seat in prague, czech republic.
when i get a perl 6 related book done (shhhh…don’t tell anyone i said that i’m working on one), i’ll send along a few signed copies. :-)
i’m setting a rate for this work of 55 eur / hour with a minimum order of 25 hours. this need not be billed all in one go; for example, if you happened to be a company wishing to donate 1000 eur a month to open source and wished to be invoiced that amount each month, this is entirely possible. after all, if 3-4 companies did that, we’d have me doing perl 6 stuff for 2 full days every week.
if you’re interested in helping, please get in contact with me, either by email or on freenode (i’m jnthn there). thank you!
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ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ sɑˈtoʊʃi fuˈʤitə ɪz nɑt ə ˈgʊˌdlʊkɪŋ mæn. hi həz ˈɔɪli skɪn, ˈbidi aɪz, ʃɔrt lɛgz ənd ə wɪg tɪ ˈkəvər hɪz ˈbɔldɪŋ hɛd. bət ðət ˈhæzənt stɑpt ɪm frəm bɪˈkəmɪŋ ʤəˈpænz moʊst ˈdeɪtɪŋ koʊʧ fər giks. ˈpɪˌkəp skul fər mɛn hu kænt gɪt ˈɛni ˈtiʧɪz ˈgiki, ˈɪnsəkjər mɛn əv ɔl ˈeɪʤɪz haʊ tɪ geɪn ˈkɑnfədɛns, skɔr deɪts ənd gɪt leɪd ɔl beɪst, hi sɪz, ɔn ə prəˈpraɪəˌtɛri "saɪəns" hi dɪˈskəvərd ˈæftər ə ˈdɛkeɪd əv ˈkɛrfəl ˈrisərʧ. "aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz tiʧ maɪ ˈstudənts ðət sɛks kəmz fərst," hi sɪz. "ðɛn ju ˈfɪgjər aʊt ˈwɛðər ðə ˈwʊmən ɪz wərθ ˈmɛriɪŋ ˈleɪtər." ðə skul ɪz ʤɪst wən əv ˈmɛni bɪˈzɑr ˈkoʊʧɪŋ ˈɪnstɪˌtuts ɪn ʤəˈpæn. ðɛr ər skulz ðət ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz ɪn ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm ˈsɪmpəl mæθ ˈprɑbləmz tɪ ˈmɛməri ˌɪmˈpruvmənt. ðɛr ər ˈivɪn skulz fər səkˈsɛsfəl dating-by-text-message*. ˈteɪkɪŋ naɪt ˈklæsɪz ɪz ˈdipli ˌɪnˈgreɪnd ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈkəlʧər ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd, wɪn ˈpɛrənts ɪnˈroʊl ˈʧɪldrən ɪn juku*, ər kræm skul., ər ðə ækt əv ˈpɪkɪŋ əp ˈwɪmən, ɪz wən əv ðə nuər bət mɔr ˈpɑpjələr ˈkætəˌgɔriz əv kræm skulz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. ðɛr ər æt list hæf ə ˈdəzən skulz ɪn ðə ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ˈɛriə əˈloʊn. səm əv ˈklæsɪz teɪk pleɪs ɪn ə ˈklæsˌrum, bət moʊst əv ðɛm ər hɛld ɔn strit ˈkɔrnərz tɪ ˈsɪmjəˌleɪt ril ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz. fuˈʤitə ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ðət hi ˈtiʧɪz mɔr ðən ə ˈhənərd ˈstudənts ə mənθ, wɪθ səm ˈklæsɪz laɪk haʊ tɪ juz ˈmæʤɪk tɪ geɪn ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti ənd haʊ tɪ sɪˈdus ˈwɪmən əˈtræktɪŋ ˈdəzənz əv ˈstudənts. iʧ klæs kɔsts jɛn 280 hɪz ˈstudənts ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks ˈkəmpəˌni ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz hu hæv ˈlɪtəl ˌɪnərˈækʃən wɪθ ˈwɪmən ɪkˈsɛpt θru ˈɔnˌlaɪn pɔrn, ənd ˈkɑlɪʤ giks hu nid ən ˈɛkstrə umf sim ˈhæpi wɪθ wət ðɛr ˈlərnɪŋ. "sɪns ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˈmɪstər. skul, aɪ hæv hæd faɪv səkˈsɛsfəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps," sɪz ˈroʊboʊˌkɑp, ə ˈsɪvəl ˈsərvənt hu həz bɪn ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə kɔrs sɪns 2004 "aɪ lɔst maɪ vərˈʤɪnɪti sɪks mənθs ˈɪntu ðə kɔrs, ənd naʊ aɪ kən naʊ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt wɪθ ˈwɪmən. əm ˈvɛri ˈgreɪtfəl." fuˈʤitə ˈoʊpənd əp hɪz fərst ˈdeɪtɪŋ kræʃ kɔrs fər giks ɪn 2002 təˈdeɪ, hi həz ˈrɪtən θri ˈsɛlfˈhɛlp bʊks fər ˌənˈpɑpjələr gaɪz, ənd hɪz tɛkˈniks hæv bɪn ˈfiʧərd ɪn ˈmægəˌzinz ənd ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ʃoʊz. θru moʊst əv hɪz 20s*, fuˈʤitə wɑz ˈɪntroʊˌvərtɪd ənd kəmˈplitli ˈkluləs əˈbaʊt ˈwɪmən. "ɪt wɑz soʊ ˈʃɑkɪŋ wɪn maɪ hɛr ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ fɔl aʊt," hi sɪz. "aɪ wɑz skɛrd tɪ lʊk ɪn ðə ˈmɪrər ənd kəmˈplitli froʊz əp wɪn aɪ tɔkt tɪ ˈwɪmən." fər jɪrz, hi hɪd bɪˈhaɪnd hɪz rɪˈsidɪŋ ˈhɛˌrlaɪn, əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl ɪˈvɛnts ənd ˈwəndərɪŋ wət ɪt wɑz laɪk tɪ bi ˈɪnɪmət wɪθ ə gərl. ðɛn, ɪn ðə mid-1990s*, hi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈstədiɪŋ ðə tɛkˈniks əv ˈmæstərfəl ˈpɪˌkəp ˈɑrtɪsts ənd kɛrɪzˈmætɪk səˈlɛbrɪtiz ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ hoʊn hɪz oʊn ˈwʊməˌnaɪzɪŋ skɪlz. hi ˈrɛʤɪstərd wɪθ ə prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈmæʧˌmeɪkər, hu ˈstɑrtɪd ˈsɛtɪŋ əp deɪts, bət θɪŋz tərnd əraʊnd ˈoʊnli wɪn fuˈʤitə bɔt hɪz fərst wɪg æt eɪʤ 34 ɪn hɪz bʊk ˈʤɔrʤə ni (ðə taɪm maɪ ˈgərlˌfrɛnd dɪˈskəvərd aɪ wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ ə wɪg), fuˈʤitə dɪˈskraɪbz haʊ hɪz ˈkɑnfədɛns sɔrd ˈæftər ðɪs slaɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪn əˈpɪrəns. hi fɛlt laɪk ə ˈwʊmən hu hæd ʤɪst ˈgɔtən brɛst ˌɪmˈplænts, hi roʊt. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlərnɪd ðət ə fju ˈsɪmpəl trɪks kən goʊ ə lɔŋ weɪ: ˈwɪmən laɪk ˈlæftər, ˈkɑmpləmɛnts ənd ˈmæʤɪk trɪks. ˈjuzɪŋ ðiz ˈkɑnsɛpts, hi dɪˈvaɪzd ə prəˈpraɪəˌtɛri "saɪəns" fər ˈpɪkɪŋ əp ˈwɪmən ðət teɪks ˈɪntu kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən θɪŋz laɪk ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈsɪgnəlz ənd ˈtaɪmɪŋ. ˈæftər 10 jɪrz ənd 10 nu wɪgz, hid bɪˈkəm soʊ səkˈsɛsfəl wɪθ ˈwɪmən, hi sɪz, ðət hi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ kwɪt hɪz ʤɑb ənd meɪk ˈdeɪtɪŋ hɪz prəˈfɛʃən. əˈməŋ ˈəðər trɪks, ˈmɛθəd ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ə dɛk əv "ˌsaɪkoʊˌænəˈlɪtɪk" kɑrdz ðət hɛlp ɪm dɪˈtərmən wət kaɪnd əv gərl hi həz pɪkt əp. hiz ˈɔlsoʊ gɑt ə bæg əv trɪks ˈlɪtərəli ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ˈfleɪmɪŋ ˈwɔləts, ˈtɔkɪŋ ˈfɛrəts ənd ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ˈælʤi bɔlz. fuˈʤitə æst nɑt tɪ dɪˈskloʊz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ mɔr dɪˈteɪld, fər fɪr əv ˈgɪvɪŋ əˈweɪ hɪz ˈkloʊsli ˈgɑrdɪd treɪd ˈsikrɪts. "ðɪs meɪ sim rɪˈdɪkjələs, bət ɪf ju ˈfɑloʊ ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ɪkˈweɪʒən, ɪt ˈrɪli wərks," hi sɪz. wən bɪt əv ədˈvaɪs fuˈʤitə wɑz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ dɪʃ aʊt kənˈsərnz ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈdeɪtɪŋ: ɪt ˈdəzənt wərk, hi sɪz. "ɪf jʊr nɑt tɔl ənd ˈgʊˌdlʊkɪŋ, ər ju doʊnt wərk æt ə ˈkəmpəˌni, ðɛn ju kænt ˈrɪli skɔr deɪts ɔn ə ˈdeɪtɪŋ ˈwɛbˌsaɪt," hi sɪz. ˌɪnˈstɛd, "ˈpɪkɪŋ əp ˈwɪmən ɔn ðə strits ɪz ðə bɛst ˈmɛθəd fər ˈpipəl hu nid ˈmɪrəkəlz."
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tokyo – satoshi fujita is not a good-looking man. he has oily skin, beady eyes, short legs and a boy-band wig to cover his balding head. but that hasn't stopped him from becoming japan's most sought-after dating coach for geeks.
fujita's pickup school for men who can't get any teaches geeky, insecure men of all ages how to gain confidence, score dates and get laid – all based, he says, on a proprietary "science" he discovered after a decade of careful research.
"i always teach my students that sex comes first," he says. "then you figure out whether the woman is worth marrying later."
the school is just one of many bizarre after-work coaching institutes in japan. there are schools that specialize in everything from simple math problems to memory improvement. there are even schools for successful dating-by-text-message. taking night classes is deeply ingrained in japanese culture – starting in childhood, when parents enroll children in juku, or cram school.
nanpa, or the act of picking up women, is one of the newer but more popular categories of cram schools in the country. there are at least half a dozen nanpa schools in the tokyo area alone.
some of fujita's classes take place in a classroom, but most of them are held on street corners to simulate real nanpa situations. fujita estimates that he teaches more than a hundred students a month, with some classes – like how to use magic to gain popularity and how to seduce women – attracting dozens of students. each class costs 30,000 yen ($280).
his students – electronics company executives, engineers who have little interaction with women except through online porn, and average-looking college geeks who need an extra oomph – seem happy with what they're learning.
"since joining mr. fujita's school, i have had five successful relationships," says hachioji robocop, a 27-year-old civil servant who has been taking the course since 2004. "i lost my virginity six months into the course, and now i can now communicate with women. i'm very grateful."
fujita opened up his first dating crash course for geeks in 2002. today, he has written three self-help books for unpopular guys, and his techniques have been featured in magazines and television shows.
through most of his 20s, fujita was introverted and completely clueless about women. "it was so shocking when my hair started to fall out," he says. "i was scared to look in the mirror and completely froze up when i talked to women." for years, he hid behind his receding hairline, avoiding social events and wondering what it was like to be intimate with a girl.
then, in the mid-1990s, he started studying the techniques of masterful pickup artists and charismatic celebrities in an effort to hone his own womanizing skills. he registered with a professional matchmaker, who started setting up dates, but things turned around only when fujita bought his first wig at age 34.
in his book zura ga kanojo ni bareta toki (the time my girlfriend discovered i was wearing a wig), fujita describes how his confidence soared after this slight change in appearance. he felt like a woman who had just gotten breast implants, he wrote.
he also learned that a few simple tricks can go a long way: women like laughter, compliments and magic tricks. using these concepts, he devised a proprietary "science" for picking up women that takes into consideration things like reading signals and timing.
after 10 years and 10 new wigs, he'd become so successful with women, he says, that he decided to quit his job and make dating his profession.
among other tricks, fujita's method involves a deck of "psychoanalytic" cards that help him determine what kind of girl he has picked up.
he's also got a bag of tricks – literally – that includes flaming wallets, talking ferrets and animated algae balls. fujita asked wired.com not to disclose anything more detailed, for fear of giving away his closely guarded trade secrets.
"this may seem ridiculous, but if you follow a specific equation, it really works," he says.
one bit of advice fujita was willing to dish out concerns online dating: it doesn't work, he says.
"if you're not tall and good-looking, or you don't work at a top-rate company, then you can't really score dates on a dating website," he says.
instead, "picking up women on the streets is the best method for people who need miracles."
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ɪn 30 jɪrz əv ˈstədiz, dæn bɛk ənd hɪz ˈstudənts hæv dɪˈskəvərd ðət ˈnɔrðərn pəˈsɪfɪk ˈrætəlsˌneɪks ər səˈpraɪzɪŋli ˈmɛloʊ ənd ˈsoʊʃəl fər ˈvɛnəməs ˈsərpənts. ˈfrɛnʧmæn ˈkuli, grænt ˈkaʊnti wi goʊ kæʧ səm snakes?”*?” æst j.d*. brʊks. ɪt wɑz ə ˈsəni ˌæftərˈnun ɪn meɪ, ðə fərst hɑt deɪ əv ðə jɪr ɪn ðə kəˈləmbiə ˈbeɪsən. fər ˈrætəlsˌneɪks, ənd ðə ˈrisərʧərz hu ˈstədi ðɛm, ˈtɛmpərəʧər ɪz ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ənd brʊks wɑz ˈigər tɪ meɪk ðə moʊst əv ə ʃɔrt ˈsizən. frəm leɪt ˈeɪprəl tɪ ˈərli sɛpˈtɛmbər, wɪn ˈəðər ˈaʊtˌdɔr ɛnˈθuziˌæsts ər duɪŋ ðɛr bɛst tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈoʊnli ˈvɛnəməs sneɪk, brʊks ənd hɪz ˈfɛloʊ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts æt ˈsɛntrəl ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˌjunəˈvərsəti ər ɔn ðə hənt. ʤoʊi ʧeɪs, ə ˈsɛntrəl ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˌjunəˈvərsəti græd ˈstudənt, ɪz riˈsərʧɪŋ bɪˈheɪvjər ənd ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks əv ðə ˈnɔrðərn pəˈsɪfɪk ˈrætəlsˌneɪk æt ˈfrɛnʧmæn ˈkuli. (ˈælən ˈbərnər, ˈsændi ˈkeɪti ʤi. ˈkɑtərɪl ðə siˈætəl taɪmz) ðɛr kˈwɔri ɪz oreganus*, ðə ˈnɔrðərn pəˈsɪfɪk ˈrætəlsˌneɪk. ɑrmd wɪθ sneɪk tɔŋz ənd ˈbəkəts, ðə grup ˈteɪkɪŋ tɪ ðə fild læst mənθ ɪz pɑrt əv ə kwɛst baɪ baɪˈɑləʤɪst dæn bɛk tɪ ənˈkəvər ðə ˈsikrɪts əv ə ˈkriʧər ðət gɪvz moʊst ˈpipəl ðə krips. bɛk ənd hɪz ˈstudənts hæv steɪkt aʊt ˈdəzənz əv sneɪk dɛnz əˈkrɔs ˈsɛntrəl ənd ˈistərn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd ðə species’*’ ˈhæbəts, dɪˈvɛləpt weɪz tɪ ˈmɑnətər groʊθ reɪts beɪst ɔn ˈrætəl saɪz, ənd dɪˈplɔɪd ˈtaɪni trænsˈmɪtərz tɪ træk ðə animals’*’ ˈmuvmənts. əˈməŋ ðɛr ˈfaɪndɪŋz ɪz ðət ˈnɔrðərn ər səˈpraɪzɪŋli ˈmɛloʊ wɪθ mɔr əv ə ˈsoʊʃəl laɪf ðən ju maɪt ɪkˈspɛkt. əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ, bɛk sɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlərnɪd ə lɔt əˈbaʊt ˈjumən ˈneɪʧər. saɪəns ɪz ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ, bət ɛz aɪ gɪt ˈoʊldər aɪ gɪt mɔr ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈpipəl ənd ðə weɪ wi riækt tɪ rattlesnakes,”*,” hi sɛd. ər ə ˈmɛtəfɔr fər wət wi fear.”*.” wɪn hi fərst ˈstɑrtɪd ˈstədiɪŋ, ɪt wɑz ˈkɑmən fər ˈpipəl tɪ stɑmp ˈɛni sneɪks ðeɪ ɪnˈkaʊnərd ənd ˈivɪn dɪˈstrɔɪ dɛnz. ʧeɪnʤd, ənd bɛk hoʊps hɪz ˈɛfərts tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus schoolkids*, skaʊt trups ənd ˈsɪvɪk kləbz tɪ ðə soʊl ˈrætələr ˈspiʃiz hæv hɛlpt. ʤɪst sɪt daʊn ənd tɔk wɪθ ˈpipəl əˈbaʊt ðə əˈmeɪzɪŋ stəf sneɪks do,”*,” hi sɛd. ju teɪk əˈweɪ ðə ˌsupərˈstɪʃənz ənd ˈstɔriz ənd ˌriˈpleɪs ðɛm wɪθ ˈnɑlɪʤ ənd ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ, ju ɛnd əp wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt ˈrəðər ðən fear.”*.” haʊ tɪ hoʊld ə ˈrætəlsˌneɪk ɛz brʊks ənd ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənt ʤoʊi ʧeɪs kəˈlɛktəd ðɛr gɪr, ðeɪ ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət ðə ˈɛriə wɛr ðeɪ wər ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðɪs deɪ ə ˈpɑpjələr ˈklaɪmɪŋ ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən kɔld ˈfrɛnʧmæn ˈkuli ɪz hoʊm tɪ tu ˈrætəlsˌneɪk dɛnz ðət læb həz bɪn ˈmɑnətərɪŋ fər jɪrz. əˈtɑp ə stip bəˈsɔlt outcrop*, ðə ˈstudənts kˈwɪkli ˈspɑtɪd ˈsɛvərəl əv ðə braʊn, ˈmɑtəld sneɪks ˈsənɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz əˈməŋ ðə rɑks. ə fˈjʊriəs bəz ˌɪˈrəptɪd ɛz brʊks pləkt ə jəŋ sneɪk frəm ɪts ˈlaʊnʤɪŋ spɑt, ˈjuzɪŋ tɔŋz tɪ græb ɪts hɛd waɪl meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ə seɪf ˈdɪstəns. hi riˈlist ðə ˈrætələr ɔn ˈoʊpən graʊnd ənd nəʤd ɪt təˈwɔrd ə ˈnɛroʊ ˈplæstɪk tub. pərˈhæps mɪˈsteɪkɪŋ ðə klɪr ˈsɪlɪndər fər ə ˈhaɪdɪŋ pleɪs, ðə sneɪk ɪn. brʊks græbd ðə tub, ˈpɪnɪŋ ðə ˈbɪznɪs ɛnd ˌɪnˈsaɪd ənd ˈlivɪŋ ɪts teɪl ˈdæŋgəlɪŋ. ə ˈsɪriz əv swɪft, ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk məˈnuvərz ˈfɑloʊd: ðə ˈrisərʧərz ˈmɛʒərd, sɛkst ənd əˈpreɪzd ðə ˈænəməl. ðeɪ klɪpt skeɪlz fər fˈjuʧər aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən ənd stək ə ˈkɔtən swɑb ɪn ðə ən ˈɔlˈpərpəs ˌpɔˈstɪrjər ˈɔrəfəs tɪ kəˈlɛkt ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ. brʊks, ˈstədiɪŋ ˌkələrˈeɪʃən ənd ˈkæməˌflɑʒ, tʊk ˈfoʊˌtoʊz tɪ kəmˈpɛr sneɪks frəm ˈdɪfərənt ˈɛriəz. ˈæftər ə hɑrʃ ˈwɪntər, ðə sneɪks hæd ˈoʊnli ˈrisəntli ˈimərʤd frəm ðɛr dɛn, wɛr ɛz ˈmɛni ɛz 50 ˈhaɪbərˌneɪt ɛn mæs, brʊks sɛd. wɪθ ə reɪnʤ ðət ɪkˈstɛndz frəm ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə θru ˈɔrəˌgɑn, ˈaɪdəˌhoʊ, ˈistərn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ənd wɛl ˈɪntu ˈbrɪtɪʃ kəˈləmbiə, ˈnɔrðərn ər ðə ˈrætəlsˌneɪk. ɪkˈsɛpt fər rɛr ˈhɪˌʧhaɪkərz, ðeɪ faʊnd ɪn ˈwɛstərn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, bət ðeɪ du θraɪv ɪn ˌwɪləˈmɛt ˈvæli. ˌnɔrθˈwɛst ˈwɪntərz ər ˈbrutəl fər laɪk sneɪks, wɪʧ ər æt ðə ˈmərsi əv ðɛr ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪŋ ˈbɑdi ˈtɛmpərəʧər, sɛd ʤɑn ˈrɔrər, ə juz. ˈfɔrɪst ˈsərvɪs baɪˈɑləʤɪst hu ˈstədiz ðə sneɪks ɪn ðə ˈvæli. ˈrætəlsˌneɪks ˈivɪn ˈdaɪʤɛst ə mil ɪf ðeɪ wɔrm ɪˈnəf. soʊ ˌɪnˈtrigd baɪ ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ðiz ˈænəməlz kʊd sərˈvaɪv ɪn ən ˈɛriə wɛr ðɛr kən bi ˈfrizɪŋ ˈtɛmpərəʧərz ˈɛvəri deɪ frəm sɛpˈtɛmbər ˈɪntu april,”*,” ˈrɔrər sɛd. ə gʊd dɛn ɪz ˈkruʃəl, ənd moʊst sneɪks juz ðə seɪm saɪt jɪr ˈæftər jɪr. dɛnz, ər, ər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz ɔn sloʊps, wɛr ðə ˈænəməlz kən soʊk əp sən wɪn ðeɪ ˈimərʤ frəm ðɛr ˈʧɪli mənθs əv ˌhaɪbərˈneɪʃən, bɛk ənd hɪz ˈstudənts faʊnd. ðə rɛfˈjuʤɪz məst bi dip ɪˈnəf tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd bɪˈloʊ ðə frɔst laɪn, waɪl ˈɔlsoʊ biɪŋ ˈʃɛltərd frəm wɪnd, reɪn ənd ˈdrɪpɪŋ snowmelt*. ər ˈprɪti juˈnik places,”*,” sɛd ˈrɔrər, hu wɪθ bɛk ənd həz mæpt əˈbaʊt 30 ɪn ðə ˈvæli. wɔnt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr wi noʊ wɛr ðeɪ ər, soʊ nɑt ˈbɪldɪŋ roʊdz ər treɪlz tu close.”*.” θərˈmɑmətərz θˈrɛdɪd ˈɪntu dɛnz lɔg ˈwɪntər ˈtɛmpərəʧərz ɛz loʊ ɛz 40 dɪˈgriz, bɛk sɛd. ˈrisəntli, hi ənd hɪz ˈstudənts hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈstɑrtɪd ˌɪmˈplæntɪŋ ˈmɪnəˌskjul ˈtɛmpərəʧər ˈsɛnsərz ənd ˈreɪdiˌoʊ trænsˈmɪtərz ˌɪnˈsaɪd səm əv ðɛr ˈrisərʧ ˈsəbʤɪkts. ʤɪst θɪŋk soʊ cute”*” ˈæftər brʊks ənd ʧeɪs wər dən ɔn ðə klɪf tɔp, ðeɪ ˈhɛdɪd fər ə dɛn ɔn loʊər graʊnd. ʧeɪs hoʊpt tɪ faɪnd ə meɪl ˈnɪkˌneɪmd. hi ˈkæpʧərd læst ˈsəmər, nɪr ə smɔl mɑrʃ. sin ɪm ɪn ə year,”*,” sɛd ʧeɪs, hu ɪz ˈtrækɪŋ sneɪks tɪ si haʊ ˈfɔrɪst faɪərz əˈfɛkt ˈfɔrɪʤɪŋ ənd sərˈvaɪvəl. ɛz ə kɪd, hi sɪz, hi wɑz əˈfreɪd əv sneɪks. bət ˈæftər ˈkipɪŋ ðɛm ɛz pɛts ənd ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ waɪld ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz, ˌædmərˈeɪʃən tʊk hoʊld. aɪ ʤɪst θɪŋk soʊ kjut, ˈivɪn wɪn kɔɪld əp ənd rattling.”*.” ʧeɪs ˈstɑrtɪd hɪz ˈkɑlɪʤ kərɪr æt kɔrˈnɛl, bət muvd tɪ bɪˈkəz wən əv ðə fju ˈpleɪsɪz wɛr ˈstudənts kən ˈstədi ˈrætəlsˌneɪks ɪn ðə waɪld. nɪr ðə ˈsɛkənd dɛn, hi ənˈfoʊldəd ə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ænˈtɛnə ənd hɛld ɪt əˈlɔft laɪk ən ˈəmˌbrɛlə, ˈlɪsənɪŋ fər ðə stəˈkɑˌtoʊ bips ðət wʊd ˈɪndəˌkeɪt wɑz ˈnɪrˈbaɪ. ˈnɔrðərn pəˈsɪfɪk ˈrætəlsˌneɪks hæv ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz ənd ˈrɛrli ˈvɛnʧər mɔr ðən ə maɪl frəm ðɛr dɛnz, ʧeɪs ɪkˈspleɪnd. ʃʊr ɪˈnəf, hi sun pɪkt əp treɪl. ɛz ðə bips ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪd, brʊks pləkt ðə lɔŋ, ˈgrinɪʃ sneɪk frəm ˈəndər ə kləmp əv seɪʤ. baɪ fɑr ðə ˈbɪgəst kæʧ əv ðə deɪ, ɪz æt list 10 jɪrz oʊld, ʧeɪs ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd. ˈnɔrðərn kən groʊ tɪ 3 fit, ənd lɪv mɔr ðən 25 jɪrz. kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈəðər ˈrætəlsˌneɪks, ˈnɔrðərn ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈrɛlətɪvli mild-mannered*. ˈmeɪbi bɪˈkəz ðeɪ lɪv ɪn ə ˈkoʊldər ˈklaɪmɪt, bɛk ˈspɛkjəˌleɪtɪd. ʤɪst lɛs ˈɪrətəbəl, nɑt ɛz defensive.”*.” hi ənd hɪz tim ər ˈɔlsoʊ siɪŋ ˈɛvədəns əv mɔr ˈsoʊʃəl ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ðən ˈpriviəsli ɪkˈspɛktɪd. bɛk ˈrisəntli sɛt əp ə ɪgˈzɪbɪt æt wɪθ əˈbaʊt ə ˈdəzən ˈrɛskjud ˈrætəlsˌneɪks. tu meɪlz, kɔld ənd brus, hæŋ aʊt təˈgɛðər ɔl ðə taɪm. ˈəðər sneɪks əˈvɔɪd iʧ ˈəðər. ˈstədiz wɪθ rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈspiʃiz ʃoʊ ðət ˈfiˌmeɪlz ˈʃɛpərd ðɛr ˈɔfˌsprɪŋ wɪʧ ər bɔrn lɪv θru ðɛr fərst fju wiks, ənd ðət ˈmɛni sneɪks prɪˈfər tɪ əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt wɪθ ðɛr oʊn ˈrɛlətɪvz. bɛk ənd hɪz ˈkɑligz dɪˈskəvərd ðət ˈnɔrðərn ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈkɑŋgrəˌgeɪt æt kəmˈjunəl saɪts tɪ ʃɛd ðɛr skɪnz pərˈhæps bɪˈkəz wɪn ˈfiˌmeɪlz gɪt ˈfrɪski ənd meɪlz wɔnt tɪ bi ˈnɪrˈbaɪ. ðə sneɪks maɪt ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈdæpt tɪ nu sərˈaʊndɪŋz, sɛd ˈrɔrər, hu rɪˈspɑndz tɪ kɔlz frəm ˈpænɪkt ˈrɛzɪdənts wɪθ ə ˈrætələr ɪn ðə jɑrd. hi mɑrks ðə ˈænəməlz, ðɛn muvz ðɛm tɪ mɔr rɪˈmoʊt ˈɛriəz. ʃoʊ ðət æt list səm əv ðə sneɪks sərˈvaɪv ðə ʃɪft, ənd ˈrɔrər hoʊps tɪ faɪnd aʊt mɔr baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ˈreɪdiˌoʊ trænsˈmɪtərz tɪ træk ðə feɪt əv trænˈsplænts. əˈbaʊt 15 baɪts ə jɪr ɪn steɪt noʊ wən wɔnts ə ˈrætəlsˌneɪk ɪn ðə ˈbæˌkjɑrd, bət səm saɪˈkɑləʤəsts ˈɑrgju ðət fɪr əv sneɪks ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈɪntu ðə ˈjumən ˈsaɪki, bɛk ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt. ðə ˈsɛnərz fər dɪˈziz kənˈtroʊl ənd priˈvɛnʃən ˈɛstəˌmeɪt əp tɪ ˈpipəl ər ˈɛvəri jɪr ɪn ðə juz. ˈmoʊstli ɪn ˈtɛksəs ənd ˈəðər ˈsəðərn steɪts ənd ən ˈævərɪʤ əv faɪv ˈpipəl daɪ. ˈoʊnli tu dɛθs hæv bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən sɪns 1979 ənd nən sɪns 1999 bət ˈɛvəri jɪr, ən ˈævərɪʤ əv 15 ˈpipəl ɪn ðə steɪt rən əˈfaʊl əv ˈnɔrðərn pəˈsɪfɪk ˈrætəlsˌneɪks, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈpɔɪzən ˈsɛnər. ɪn ʤun 2015 dæn ˈlaɪnɪŋər wɑz wən əv ðɛm. ðə ˈfɔrɪst ˈsərvɪs ˈfaɪrˌfaɪtər hæd ʤɪst ˈfɪnɪʃt rɑk ˈklaɪmɪŋ ɪn ənd wɑz ˈwɔkɪŋ bæk tɪ hɪz kɑr ɪn ˈsændəlz wɪn hi fɛlt ə ʃɑrp peɪn ɛz ɪf hi hæd stɛpt ɔn bɑrbd waɪər. lʊkt daʊn ənd ðɛr wɑz ə ˈlɪtəl ˈrætəlsˌneɪk ʤɪst lɑʤd ɪn maɪ heel,”*,” hi rɪˈkɔld. ɛz ə ˌvɑlənˈtɪr emt*, ˈlaɪnɪŋər nu ðə baɪt ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈlaɪfθˌrɛtnɪŋ, ənd ðət ðə bɛst θɪŋ hi kʊd du wɑz kip kɑm. hɪz ˈgərlˌfrɛnd snæpt ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ðə sneɪk ənd ðeɪ ˈhɛdɪd fər ˈwɪnθrəp tɪ mit ən ˈæmbjələns. wɪˈθɪn 10 ˈmɪnəts, ˈlaɪnɪŋər ˈstɑrtɪd ˈfilɪŋ ˈnɔziˌeɪtəd. hɪz ˈfɪŋgərˌtɪps wɛnt nəm ənd hɪz lɪps tingled*. ɪn ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, hɪz lɛg swɛld tɪ ˈɔlˌmoʊst twaɪs ɪts ˈnɔrməl saɪz. bət ˈæftər ə kɔrs əv antivenin*, ˈdɑktərz riˈlist ɪm ðə nɛkst deɪ. ɪn ə wik, ˈlaɪnɪŋər wɑz bæk ɔn ðə faɪər laɪn. ə ˈlɪtəl naʊ, bət ˈhɑrbərz noʊ rɪˈzɛntmənt əˈgɛnst ðə ˈspiʃiz ðət leɪd ɪm loʊ. stɛp ɔn ə ˈrætəlsˌneɪk, ənd goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən tɪ you,”*,” ˈlaɪnɪŋər sɛd. ˈnɛvər dɪd ənd stɪl ˈnɛvər wʊd fərst θɪŋk tɪ kɪl ə ˈrætəlsˌneɪk wɪn aɪ si one.”*.” ˈnɔrðərn ər ə prəˈtɛktɪd ˈspiʃiz ɪn ˈbrɪtɪʃ kəˈləmbiə, bət nɑt ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. ðə sneɪks hɛlp kip ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz əv maɪs ənd smɔl ˈmæməlz ɪn ʧɛk, waɪl ɪn tərn ər preɪd əˈpɑn baɪ hɔks ənd ˈəðər ˈprɛdətərz. bət ðə ˈbɪgəst θrɛt ðeɪ feɪs ɪz ˈpipəl ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt, bɛk sɛd. hi timd əp ˈrisəntli wɪθ ˈrisərʧərz æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈbrɪtɪʃ kəˈləmbiə hu ər ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ sneɪk ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ tɪ geɪʤ ðə ʤəˈnɛtɪk hɛlθ əv ˌnɔrθˈwɛst ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz, ənd tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈbɛriərz laɪk roʊdz ðət blɑk sneɪk ˈmuvmənts. ˈnɔrðərn pəˈsɪfɪk sim tɪ bi ɪn ˈpɛrəl ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən bət ˈrisərʧərz hæv ə gʊd ˈhændəl ɔn ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɛz ə hoʊl, bɛk ˈædɪd. ər survivors,”*,” hi sɛd. ““still*, ˈnoʊtɪst ðət ə lɔt əv ðə dɛnz ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz wɛr wi juzd tɪ si ə lɔt əv sneɪks wi si ðɛm anymore.”*.”
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in 30 years of studies, dan beck and his students have discovered that northern pacific rattlesnakes are surprisingly mellow and social for venomous serpents.
frenchman coulee, grant county “shall we go catch some snakes?” asked j.d. brooks.
it was a sunny afternoon in may, the first hot day of the year in the columbia basin. for rattlesnakes, and the researchers who study them, temperature is everything and brooks was eager to make the most of a short season.
from late april to early september, when other outdoor enthusiasts are doing their best to avoid washington’s only venomous snake, brooks and his fellow graduate students at central washington university are on the hunt.
joey chase, a central washington university grad student, is researching behavior and characteristics of the northern pacific rattlesnake at frenchman coulee. (alan berner, sandi doughton & katie g. cotterill / the seattle times)
their quarry is crotalus oreganus, the northern pacific rattlesnake. armed with snake tongs and 5-gallon buckets, the group taking to the field last month is part of a 30-year quest by cwu biologist dan beck to uncover the secrets of a creature that gives most people the creeps.
beck and his students have staked out dozens of snake dens across central and eastern washington. they’ve documented the species’ habits, developed ways to monitor growth rates based on rattle size, and deployed tiny transmitters to track the animals’ movements.
among their findings is that northern pacifics are surprisingly mellow homebodies with more of a social life than you might expect.
along the way, beck says he’s also learned a lot about human nature.
“the science is fascinating, but as i get older i get more interested in people and the way we react to rattlesnakes,” he said. “they are a metaphor for what we fear.”
when he first started studying washington’s rattlers, it was common for people to stomp any snakes they encountered and even destroy dens. changed, and beck hopes his efforts to introduce schoolkids, scout troops and civic clubs to the state’s sole rattler species have helped.
“you just sit down and talk with people about the amazing stuff snakes do,” he said. “when you take away the superstitions and stories and replace them with knowledge and understanding, you end up with respect rather than fear.”
how to hold a rattlesnake
as brooks and graduate student joey chase collected their gear, they explained that the area where they were working on this day a popular climbing destination called frenchman coulee is home to two rattlesnake dens that beck’s lab has been monitoring for years.
atop a steep basalt outcrop, the students quickly spotted several of the brown, mottled snakes sunning themselves among the rocks.
a furious buzz erupted as brooks plucked a young snake from its lounging spot, using 3-foot-long tongs to grab its head while maintaining a safe distance. he released the rattler on open ground and nudged it toward a narrow plastic tube.
perhaps mistaking the clear cylinder for a hiding place, the snake slithered in. brooks grabbed the tube, pinning the snake’s business end inside and leaving its tail dangling.
a series of swift, scientific maneuvers followed: the researchers measured, sexed and appraised the animal. they clipped scales for future identification and stuck a cotton swab in the cloaca an all-purpose posterior orifice to collect dna.
brooks, who’s studying coloration and camouflage, took photos to compare snakes from different areas.
after a harsh winter, the snakes had only recently emerged from their den, where as many as 50 hibernate en masse, brooks said.
with a range that extends from california through oregon, idaho, eastern washington and well into british columbia, northern pacifics are the world’s northernmost-occurring rattlesnake.
except for rare hitchhikers, they aren’t found in western washington, but they do thrive in oregon’s willamette valley.
northwest winters are brutal for ecotherms like snakes, which are at the mercy of their environment when it comes to regulating body temperature, said john rohrer, a u.s. forest service biologist who studies the snakes in the methow valley. rattlesnakes can’t even digest a meal if they aren’t warm enough.
“i’m so intrigued by the idea that these animals could survive in an area where there can be freezing temperatures every day from september into april,” rohrer said.
a good den is crucial, and most snakes use the same site year after year.
dens, or hibernacula, are almost always on south-facing slopes, where the animals can soak up sun when they emerge from their chilly months of hibernation, beck and his students found. the refuges must be deep enough to extend below the frost line, while also being sheltered from wind, rain and dripping snowmelt.
“they are pretty unique places,” said rohrer, who collaborates with beck and has mapped about 30 hibernacula in the methow valley. “i want to make sure we know where they are, so we’re not building roads or trails too close.”
thermometers threaded into dens log winter temperatures as low as 40 degrees, beck said. recently, he and his students have also started implanting minuscule temperature sensors and radio transmitters inside some of their research subjects.
“i just think so cute”
after brooks and chase were done on the cliff top, they headed for a den on lower ground. chase hoped to find a wired-up male nicknamed joselito.
he captured joselito last summer, near a small marsh. “i haven’t seen him in a year,” said chase, who is tracking snakes to see how forest fires affect foraging and survival.
as a kid, he says, he was afraid of snakes. but after keeping them as pets and working with wild populations, admiration took hold. “now i just think so cute, even when coiled up and rattling.”
chase started his college career at cornell, but moved to cwu because one of the few places where students can study rattlesnakes in the wild.
near the second den, he unfolded a radio antenna and held it aloft like an umbrella, listening for the staccato beeps that would indicate joselito was nearby.
northern pacific rattlesnakes have well-defined territories and rarely venture more than a mile from their dens, chase explained.
sure enough, he soon picked up joselito’s trail.
as the beeps intensified, brooks plucked the long, greenish snake from under a clump of sage.
by far the biggest catch of the day, joselito is at least 10 years old, chase estimated. northern pacifics can grow to 3 feet, and live more than 25 years.
compared with other rattlesnakes, northern pacifics are also relatively mild-mannered. maybe because they live in a colder climate, beck speculated. “they’re just less irritable, not as defensive.”
he and his team are also seeing evidence of more social interactions than previously expected. beck recently set up a den-like exhibit at cwu with about a dozen rescued rattlesnakes. two males, called tickler and bruce, hang out together all the time. other snakes avoid each other.
studies with related species show that females shepherd their offspring which are born live through their first few weeks, and that many snakes prefer to associate with their own relatives. beck and his colleagues discovered that northern pacifics in washington congregate at communal sites to shed their skins perhaps because when females get frisky and males want to be nearby.
the snakes might also be able to adapt to new surroundings, said rohrer, who responds to calls from panicked residents with a rattler in the yard. he marks the animals, then moves them to more remote areas.
recaptures show that at least some of the snakes survive the shift, and rohrer hopes to find out more by using radio transmitters to track the fate of transplants.
about 15 bites a year in state
no one wants a rattlesnake in the backyard, but some psychologists argue that fear of snakes is actually hard-wired into the human psyche, beck pointed out.
the centers for disease control and prevention estimate up to 8,000 people are snakebit every year in the u.s. mostly in texas and other southern states and an average of five people die.
only two deaths have been reported in washington since 1979 and none since 1999. but every year, an average of 15 people in the state run afoul of northern pacific rattlesnakes, according to the washington poison center.
in june 2015, dan leininger was one of them.
the 24-year-old forest service firefighter had just finished rock climbing in mazama and was walking back to his car in sandals when he felt a sharp pain as if he had stepped on barbed wire.
“i looked down and there was a little rattlesnake just lodged in my heel,” he recalled.
as a volunteer emt, leininger knew the bite wasn’t likely to be life-threatening, and that the best thing he could do was keep calm. his girlfriend snapped a photo of the snake and they headed for winthrop to meet an ambulance.
within 10 minutes, leininger started feeling nauseated. his fingertips went numb and his lips tingled. in the hospital, his leg swelled to almost twice its normal size. but after a course of antivenin, doctors released him the next day. in a week, leininger was back on the fire line.
he’s a little jumpier now, but harbors no resentment against the species that laid him low.
“you step on a rattlesnake, and what’s going to happen to you,” leininger said. “i never did and still never would first think to kill a rattlesnake when i see one.”
northern pacifics are a protected species in british columbia, but not in washington. the snakes help keep populations of mice and small mammals in check, while in turn are preyed upon by hawks and other predators. but the biggest threat they face is people and development, beck said.
he teamed up recently with researchers at the university of british columbia who are analyzing snake dna to gauge the genetic health of northwest populations, and to identify barriers like roads that block snake movements.
northern pacific rattlers don’t seem to be in peril in washington but researchers don’t have a good handle on the population as a whole, beck added.
“rattlesnakes are survivors,” he said. “still, i’ve noticed that a lot of the dens over the years where we used to see a lot of snakes we don’t see them anymore.”
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ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə əˈnaʊns twiks tɪ ˈjunəˌfɔrmz fər 2017 ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə hərd ju, laʊd ənd klɪr. ðɪs pæst dɪˈsɛmbər ðə ənˈveɪld ə brænd nu sɛt əv ˈjunəˌfɔrmz, ðeɪ wər frəm ðə dɑrk greɪ (ˈɔlˌmoʊst blæk) juzd fər roʊd tɑps ənd pænts, tɪ ðə ˈgreɪdiənt æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə pænt lɛgz fænz ənd əˈpoʊzɪŋ pleɪərz ˈivɪn wər ˈfɛrli kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðɛr ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm. ˈæftər ɔl, ɪf wən θɪŋ moʊst bɔl fænz kən əˈgri ɔn trəˈdɪʃən. beɪst ɔn səm əv ðət ˈfidˌbæk ðə ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ əˈnaʊnst ə ˈsɪriz əv twiks tɪ ðɛr ˈjunəˌfɔrmz. ðə bɪg ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ðə ˈɑdətiz ɔn ðə pænts, ðeɪ hæv 100 bɪn kərˈɛktɪd. ðə həz bɪn kənˈvərtɪd tɪ ə trəˈdɪʃənəl fʊl straɪp ˈrənɪŋ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər lɛŋθ əv ðə pænts, ðə ˈgreɪdiənt æt ðə ˈbɑtəm gɔn, kəmˈplitli, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ə məʧ ˈklinər lʊk. ðə kəmˈpɑzət ˈgræfɪk ənd əˈdɪʃənəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə riˈpəblɪk ʃoʊ til ʃuz pɛrd wɪθ ðə hoʊm ənd roʊd ˈɔltərˌneɪt til sɛt, soʊ ðət kʊd bi ˈsəmθɪŋ. ɛz ju kən si əˈbəv, ðə pænts ər fɑr ənd əˈweɪ ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈoʊvər 2016 ðɛr ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmaɪnər twiks tɪ ðə juzd fər ðə roʊd ɑlt. til ˈʤərzi, ˈnəmbərz ɔn ðə frənt əv ðə ˈʤərzi ər naʊ til wɪθ blæk trɪm, seɪm goʊz fər ðə pleɪər neɪm ɔn ðə bæk. boʊθ ʧeɪnʤd tɪ hɛlp ˌɪmˈpruv ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti wɪn biɪŋ wɔrn ɔn ðə ənˈjuˌʒuəli dɑrk tɔp. (ˈəpˌdeɪt): ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈkələr ʧeɪnʤ tɪ ðə neɪm ɔn ðə bæk əv ðə ˈstændərd roʊd ˈʤərzi, pleɪər neɪmz goʊ frəm rɛd tɪ sand/beige*. pɪk hir: ə ˈsaɪdbaɪˈsaɪd tɪ ʃoʊ moʊst əv ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əˈnaʊnst baɪ ðə tim frəm 2016 tɪ 2017 wər ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ fænz ənd pleɪərz ɔn ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ make,”*,” ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɛrɪk hɔl toʊld ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə riˈpəblɪk. nu əˈbaʊt ə mənθ ˈɪntu ðə ˈsizən ðət wi wər goʊɪŋ tɪ ɛnd əp ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðiz changes.”*.” ðə riˈpəblɪk ˈɔlsoʊ wɛnt ɔn tɪ noʊt ðət ðə əˈpɪrəns əv ðə pænts ɔn ðə fild dɪd nɑt lʊk ˈnɪrli ɛz gʊd ɛz ðeɪ dɪd ɪn ðə kəmˈpjutər ˈrɛndərɪŋz. hɔl ɪkˈspleɪnd, ju hæv ɪt əˈpruvd ənd ɔˈrɛdi ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ, stək fər ðə jɪr, wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ gɪt tɪ ðɪs soʊ wi kʊd meɪk ðə changes.”*.” ˈkudoʊs tɪ ðə fər ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ðɛr fænz ənd kərˈɛktɪŋ ðiz ˈmaɪnər ˈɪʃuz kˈwɪkli. si naʊ ɪf ðeɪ ɛnd əp ˈkipɪŋ ðə dɑrk greɪ tɑps ˈɪntu 2018 ˌhaʊˈɛvər wi wər toʊld ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr baɪ səm pleɪərz ðət wi ʃʊd ˈoʊnli ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ si mɔr roʊd ˈʤərziz əˈdɑptɪŋ ðɪs ʃeɪd əv greɪ ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. θɪŋk groʊɪŋ ɔn people.”*.”, ˈʃɔrtˌstɑp nɪk ˈɑmɛd toʊld ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ʤun, dɑrk greɪ, aɪ hərd, wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi wɪθ səm ˈəðər timz nɛkst year.”*.” ɪf ðə keɪs ðə pleɪərz ˈsərtənli wʊd ɪmˈbreɪs ðɛr roʊlz ɛz ˈfæʃən trendsetters*. bi kul tɪ lʊk bæk ənd seɪ aɪ hæd ə pɑrt ɪn ðət, ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv ðə dɪˈzaɪn, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈəðər players,”*,” ˌɔlˈstɑr fərst ˈbeɪsmən pɔl ˈgoʊldʃˌmɪt sɛd æt ðə taɪm. θɪŋk ðət wɪl bi kul ɪn ðə future.”*.”
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arizona d-backs announce tweaks to uniforms for 2017
the arizona diamondbacks heard you, loud and clear.
this past december the d-backs unveiled a brand new set of uniforms, they were anti-tradition — from the dark grey (almost black) used for road tops and pants, to the gradient at the bottom of the pant legs fans and opposing players even were fairly consistent with their criticism. after all, if there’s one thing most ball fans can agree on it’s tradition.
based on some of that feedback the diamondbacks yesterday announced a series of tweaks to their uniforms.
the big change is the oddities on the pants, they have 100% been corrected. the half-stripe has been converted to a traditional full stripe running the entire length of the pants, the gradient at the bottom – it’s gone, completely, resulting in a much cleaner look.
the composite graphic and additional photos published in the arizona republic show teal shoes paired with the home and road alternate teal set, so that could be something. as you can see above, the pants are far and away improved over 2016.
there are also minor tweaks to the colours used for the road alt. teal jersey, numbers on the front of the jersey are now teal with black trim, same goes for the player name on the back. both changed to help improve visibility when being worn on the unusually dark top.
(update): there’s also a colour change to the name on the back of the standard road jersey, player names go from red to sand/beige. pic here:
a side-by-side to show most of the changes announced by the team from 2016 to 2017:
“we were listening to fans and players on the changes they wanted us to make,” arizona diamondbacks president derrick hall told the arizona republic. “we knew about a month into the season that we were going to end up making these changes.”
the republic also went on to note that the appearance of the pants on the field did not look nearly as good as they did in the computer renderings.
hall explained, “once you have it approved and you’re already manufacturing, you’re stuck for the year, we wanted to get to this offseason so we could make the changes.”
kudos to the diamondbacks for listening to their fans and correcting these minor issues quickly. we’ll see now if they end up keeping the dark grey tops into 2018, however we were told earlier this year by some dbacks players that we should only expect to see more road jerseys adopting this shade of grey in the future.
“i think they’re growing on people.”, shortstop nick ahmed told us in june, “the dark grey, i heard, was going to be with some other teams next year.”
if the case the players certainly would embrace their roles as fashion trendsetters.
“it’ll be cool to look back and say i had a part in that, a little bit of the design, along with other players,” all-star first baseman paul goldschmidt said at the time. “i think that will be cool in the future.”
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wət ˈbɛtər weɪ ɪz ðɛr tɪ mɑrk ðə ˈtoʊtəl kənˈvərʤəns bɪtˈwin ðə raɪt wɪŋz əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈɪzriəl ðən ˈkuki ˈæktər ʤɑn vɔɪt ˈkətɪŋ ən æd fər ˈbɛnʤəmən ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu ɔn maɪk ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ? ðɪs ɪz: ˈkuki ˈæktər ʧək ˈnɔrɪs ˈkətɪŋ ən æd fər ˈbɛnʤəmən ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu ɔn ʧək ˈnɔrɪs' ˈjuˌtub ˈʧænəl. ɪts ʤɪst ˈbjutəfəl. ən ɛnˈdɔrsmənt ðət ɛndz wɪθ ən ˈistər ˈmɛsɪʤ, fər ˈɪzriəl. ðɛr ər ə fju ˈmɪnəts lɛft fər ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈkɑmplɛks tɪ stænd wɪθ ˈɪzriəl. wɛr ɪz tɛd ˈnuʤənt shreddin*' fər ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu? həz ˈdɛnɪs ˈmɪlər ˈgɔtən ɪn ə fju raɪ ʤoʊks əˈbaʊt ˈaɪzɪk ˈhərzɑg? ˈnɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr hæv kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti stʊd ˈkloʊzər tɪ ˈɪzriəl. baɪ wɪʧ wi min, ˈnɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr hæv ðeɪ stʊd ˈkloʊzər tɪ ˈbɛnʤəmən ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhuz ˈlɪkəd ˈpɑrti ənd ðə ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi pəˈzɪʃən ðət ɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ɪn ˈɪzriəl. kənˈsərvətɪv ər ˈsɛndɪŋ aʊt ˈdɛspərɪt pliz fər ˌɪzˈreɪliz tɪ riɪˈlɛkt ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu bɪˈkəz kənˈsərvətɪvz kwaɪt laɪk ðə ˈkɑrənt ərˈeɪnʤmənt: ə ˈhɔkɪʃ ˌɪzˈreɪli praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər hu ˈhæpənz tɪ ɔn ðə wərld steɪʤ ɛz ə fɔɪl tɪ ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə, ðə ˈɛnəmi. ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu ɪz ðə ˈfɑðər ðət kənˈsərvətɪvz doʊnt hæv ˈsteɪtˈsaɪd, ðə ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd wərld ˈfɪgjər hu bɛst ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðɛr ˈgloʊbəl ˈaʊˌtlʊk. ənd ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu, ɛz hi ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ɪn hɪz spiʧ tɪ ˈkɑŋgrəs, ɪz kwaɪt ˈhæpi tɪ pleɪ ðɪs pəˈtərnəl roʊl tɪ əˈmɛrɪkən kənˈsərvətɪvz, ˈivɪn ɪf hi ˈdæmɪʤɪz ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈgəvərnmənts riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt: ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli ɪˈlɛkʃənz ər təˈdeɪ. ɪts fɑr frəm ə ʃʊr θɪŋ ðət ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu wɪl luz, ˈivɪn wɪθ hɪz ˈpɑrtiz ˈrisənt slɪp ɪn poʊlz. ˈivɪn ɪf ˈlɪkəd ˈdəzənt wɪn ə plərˈælɪti əv sits ɪn ðə ˈnɛsət, ɪt meɪ hæv ən ˈiziər pæθ təˈwɔrdz ˈfɔrmɪŋ ə ˈgəvərnɪŋ ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən. ɪn ðə læst deɪ əv kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ, ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu traɪd tɪ ʃɔr əp səˈpɔrt baɪ ˈtərnɪŋ ˈivɪn ˈhɑrdər raɪt, goʊɪŋ soʊ fɑr ɛz tɪ əˈbændən ðə priˈtɛns ðət hi ˈɛvər ˈrɪli səˈpɔrtɪd ə səˈluʃən. ɪf ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu dɪz luz hɪz bɪd fər ə fɔrθ tərm ɛz piɛm, ðoʊ: haʊ wɪl əˈmɛrɪkən kənˈsərvətɪvz stænd wɪθ ˈɪzriəl, ɪf ˈɪzriəl noʊ ˈlɔŋgər stændz wɪθ ðɛm? aɪ ədˈmɪt ðət ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv ðɪs ˈmitɪŋ maɪ ˈɪntəˌrɛst. rɪˈpəblɪkənz θroʊ ðɛr ɪnˈtaɪər lɔt ɪn wɪθ ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu ˈbeɪsɪkli, hiz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpərsən frəm ə ˈfɔrən ˈkəntri ðət ðeɪ laɪk ənd ðɛn ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhuz kɪkt aʊt əv paʊər. hɑ! hu ˈwʊdənt wɔnt tɪ si ðɪs, əˈsaɪd frəm ðə ˈpipəl hu ˈwʊdənt wɔnt tɪ si ɪt? pɔl ˈwɑldmən raɪts ɪn ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst əˈbaʊt ðə ʧeɪnʤ ðət ə ˈlɪkəd dɪˈfit kʊd brɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪn rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈrɛtərɪk sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈɪzriəl: ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti həz ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd fər israel”*” tɪ ə ˈlɛvəl əv ˈpæʃən ənd kənˈsɛnsəs ˈjuʒəwəli rɪˈzərvd fər θɪŋz səʧ ɛz tæks kəts ənd ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ əˈbɔrʃən raɪts. bət ðət ˈhæpənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə strɪŋ əv kənˈsərvətɪv ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈgəvərnmənts. ɪf ˈɪzriəl ɪz lɛd baɪ ə ˈleɪbər ˈpɑrti praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ənd bɪˈgɪnz tɪ ʧeɪnʤ səm əv ɪts ˈpɑləsiz, wɪl rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˌdɪˈsaɪd ðət ““support”*” ɪz mɔr ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ðən ðeɪ juzd tɪ θɪŋk? ðət maɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli fɔrs rɪˈpəblɪkənz tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ˈɪzriəl, ənd riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ ɪt, wɪθ ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr nuɑns. hæv tɪ ədˈmɪt ðət wɪn ðeɪ juzd tɪ seɪ səˈpɔrt israel,”*,” wət ðeɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli mɛnt wɑz ðət ðeɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ˈlɪkəd ənd ɪts ˈvɪʒən fər fˈjuʧər. mɔr ˈbrɔdli, hæv tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðət wən kən dɪsəˈgri wɪθ wət ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈgəvərnmənt dɪz ənd stɪl səˈpɔrt ðə ˈkəntri, sɪns ðə pəˈzɪʃən ðeɪ wʊd faɪnd ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn. ɪf ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu ɪz sɛnt ˈpækɪŋ, ənd ðə nu ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈgəvərnmənt ðət kəmz ˈɪntu paʊər ˈɪzənt riˈflɛksɪvli ˈhɑstəl tɪ ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ðɪs wɪl ˈsərtənli æd ən ˈɛləmənt əv ˈdɪsənəns tɪ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz' ˈpɑsʧərɪŋ ɛz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpɑrti ðæts ˈlʊkɪŋ aʊt fər ˈɪzriəl. maɪ gɛs, ðoʊ, ɪz ðət ðɪs ˈdɪsənəns wɪl nɑt prɪˈvɛnt rɪˈpəblɪkənz frəm ˈʃɪftɪŋ ðɛr ˈrɛtərɪk ɪn ə mɔr nuɑnst dɪˈrɛkʃɪn, sɪns ðeɪ du nɑt ˈɛvər æd nuɑns tɪ ˈɛni əv ðɛr ˈrɛtərɪk ər ˈθɪŋkɪŋ. rɪˈpəblɪkənz ənd ˈplɛnti əv ˈhɔkɪʃ ˈdɛməˌkræts wɪl ˈsɪmpli ˌɪgˈnɔr ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ənd kənˈtɪnju tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ðɛr ˈstændɪŋ wɪθ ˈɪzriəl ɛz duɪŋ wət ˈaɪˌpæk wɔnts. ənd ɪf ə nu, ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈgəvərnmənt ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ɪt wɑz ˌoʊˈkeɪ wɪθ ˌɪˈrɑn ˈkipɪŋ səm ˈnukliər riˈæktərz wərɪŋ ˈəndər ə ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk əˈkɔrd, ˈaɪˌpæk wʊd stɪl ˈlɑbi əˈgɛnst ɪt. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt: wɪn rɪˈpəblɪkənz seɪ ðeɪ stænd wɪθ ˈɪzriəl, wət ðeɪ min ɪz ðət ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ bɔm ˌɪˈrɑn ənd ə bənʧ əv ˈəðər ˈpleɪsɪz. ðɛr ɔˈrɛdi oʊˈmɪtɪŋ ɔl əv ðə ˈəðər ˈɛriəz wɛr ðeɪ doʊnt stænd wɪθ ˈɪzriəl. ðeɪ ˈɑbviəsli hæv noʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn pərˈsuɪŋ ən ˈsoʊʃəlɪst hɛlθ kɛr ˈsɪstəm, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. ɪf ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhuz gɔn, rɪˈpəblɪkənz wɪl stɪl wɔnt tɪ bɔm ˌɪˈrɑn ənd ə bənʧ əv ˈəðər ˈpleɪsɪz, ənd ðeɪ wɪl stɪl juz "ˈstændɪŋ fər ˈɪzriəl" ɛz koʊd fər ðət, bɪˈkəz ɪts ə ˈwɪnɪŋ laɪn.
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what better way is there to mark the total convergence between the right wings of the united states and israel than kooky actor jon voight cutting an ad for benjamin netanyahu on mike huckabee's facebook page? this is: kooky actor chuck norris cutting an ad for benjamin netanyahu on chuck norris' youtube channel. it's just beautiful. an endorsement that ends with an easter message, for israel. there are a few minutes left for the rest of the right-wing entertainment-huckster complex to stand with israel. where is ted nugent straight-up shreddin' for netanyahu? has dennis miller gotten in a few wry jokes about isaac herzog?
never before have conservatives and the republican party stood closer to israel. by which we mean, never before have they stood closer to benjamin netanyahu's likud party and the foreign policy position that it represents in israel. conservative quasi-celebrities are sending out desperate pleas for israelis to reelect netanyahu because conservatives quite like the current arrangement: a hawkish israeli prime minister who happens to co-exist on the world stage as a much-needed foil to barack obama, the enemy. netanyahu is the father that conservatives don't have stateside, the isolated world figure who best represents their global outlook. and netanyahu, as he demonstrated in his speech to congress, is quite happy to play this paternal role to american conservatives, even if he damages the israeli government's relationship with the democratic party in the process.
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the israeli elections are today. it's far from a sure thing that netanyahu will lose, even with his party's recent slip in polls. even if likud doesn't win a plurality of seats in the knesset, it may have an easier path towards forming a governing coalition. in the last day of campaigning, netanyahu tried to shore up support by turning even harder right, going so far as to abandon the pretense that he ever really supported a two-state solution.
if netanyahu does lose his bid for a fourth term as pm, though: how will american conservatives stand with israel, if israel no longer stands with them?
i admit that the prospect of this egg-face meeting piques my interest. republicans throw their entire lot in with netanyahu -- basically, he's the only person from a foreign country that they like -- and then netanyahu's kicked out of power. ha! who wouldn't want to see this, aside from the people who wouldn't want to see it?
paul waldman writes in the washington post about the change that a likud defeat could bring about in republican rhetoric surrounding israel:
in recent years, the republican party has elevated “support for israel” to a level of passion and consensus usually reserved for things such as tax cuts and opposition to abortion rights. but that happened during a string of conservative israeli governments. if israel is led by a labor party prime minister and begins to change some of its policies, will republicans decide that “support” is more complicated than they used to think? that might actually force republicans to think about israel, and america’s relationship to it, with a little more nuance. they’d have to admit that when they used to say “i support israel,” what they actually meant was that they support the likud and its vision for israel’s future. more broadly, they’d have to acknowledge that one can disagree with what the israeli government does and still support the country, since that’s the position they would find themselves in.
if netanyahu is sent packing, and the new israeli government that comes into power isn't reflexively hostile to the obama administration, this will certainly add an element of dissonance to the republicans' posturing as the only party that's looking out for israel. my guess, though, is that this dissonance will not prevent republicans from shifting their rhetoric in a more nuanced direction, since they do not ever add nuance to any of their rhetoric or thinking.
republicans -- and plenty of hawkish democrats -- will simply ignore the election and continue to define their standing with israel as doing what aipac wants. and if a new, left-of-center israeli government decided it was okay with iran keeping some nuclear reactors whirring under a diplomatic accord, aipac would still lobby against it.
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when republicans say they stand with israel, what they mean is that they want to bomb iran and a bunch of other places. they're already omitting all of the other areas where they don't stand with israel. they obviously have no interest in pursuing an israeli-style socialist health care system, for example. if netanyahu's gone, republicans will still want to bomb iran and a bunch of other places, and they will still use "standing for israel" as code for that, because it's a winning line.
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ˈfriskoʊ, ˈtɛksəs ʤɪst laɪk ðət, ɔl dən. ˈθərzˌdeɪ kæpt ɔf ðə cowboys’*’ θərd ˈpræktɪs əv ðɪs wik, ðɛr ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈpræktɪs əv ðə spərɪŋ ənd ðɛr ˈfaɪnəl deɪ əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. ˈmeɪbi baɪəst bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz ðə ˈfaɪnəl deɪ, bət aɪ θɔt ðɪs wɑz wən əv ðə moʊst ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ ənd kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈpræktɪsɪz sin ðɪs jɪr. ðɛr wɑz ə lɔt tɪ laɪk ɪn ə lɔt əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈpleɪsɪz ɔn ðə ˈpræktɪs fildz təˈdeɪ. noʊɪŋ ðeɪ hæd ə breɪk ɔn ðə hərˈaɪzən, ɪt fɛlt laɪk ðə əˈfɛns ənd ðə dɪˈfɛns pʊt ðɛr bɛst fit ˈfɔrwərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs læst ˈaʊtɪŋ əv ðə spərɪŋ. wət ˌɪmˈprɛst mi ˈθərzˌdeɪ æt ðə stɑr: smɪθ hæd hɪz fərst ɪkˈspɪriəns əv wət laɪk tɪ hæv tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ˈʤeɪsən ˈwɪtən ɪn ðə rɛd zoʊn ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. smɪθ ˈoʊpənd tɪ hɪz raɪt ɔn hɪz drɔp wɪθ ˈwɪtən ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ hɪz lɛft təˈwɔrd ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə fild ənd əˈweɪ frəm ˈseɪfti ˈrɑbərt ˈblæntən. ˈkɛlən mʊr, frəm ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə ˈpɑkət, sɔ smɪθ tərnd ənd ðə pəˈzɪʃənɪŋ əv ˈblæntən, ənd hi nu ɪgˈzæktli wɛr hi tɪ goʊ wɪθ ðə bɔl. ɛz ˈwɪtən nɪrd ðə goʊl laɪn, smɪθ flɪpt hɪz ˈbɑdi tɪ feɪs ˈwɪtən, bət hi wɑz ə stɛp tu leɪt ənd ðə bɔl hɪt ˈwɪtən skˈwɛrli ɪn ðə hænz fər ðə ˈtəʧˌdaʊn. fər jɪrz sin braɪənt rən feɪd rʊts ɔn ðə goʊl laɪn wɪθ trɪˈmɛndəs səkˈsɛs --wɪʧ aɪ æm ʃʊr wɑz ˈrənɪŋ θru ðə maɪnd əv ɛz hi laɪnd əp əˈkrɔs frəm braɪənt. ðɪs taɪm braɪənt hæd ə nu ˈrɪŋkəl fər ðə ˈrʊki. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv goʊɪŋ waɪd ɔf ðə snæp, braɪənt wɛnt hɑrd tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd, wɪʧ kɔzd tɪ traɪ ənd kət ɪm ɔf. wɪn braɪənt fɛlt weɪt ˈtrænsfər, hi broʊk fər ðə ˈkɔrnər. tɪ ˈkrɛdɪt, hi ˈplænɪd ənd ˈrælid tɪ ʧeɪs braɪənt. wɪˈθaʊt məʧ ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən, ˈdiˈeɪˈkeɪ ˈprɛskɑt wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ floʊt ðə bɔl tɪ ə spɑt wɛr braɪənt wɛnt əp wɪθ boʊθ hænz ənd snæʧt ɪt aʊt əv ðə ɛr ˌbiˈfɔr hæd ə ʧæns tɪ swɑt æt ɪt. sˈniki rut baɪ braɪs ˈbətlər ɪn ðə rɛd zoʊn ɔf ə pleɪ baɪ skɑt ˈlɪnɪhæn. ˈbətlər, laɪnd əp taɪt lɛft, droʊv hɑrd əˈkrɔs ðə fild. ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ðə ˈɑpəzɪt dɪˈrɛkʃɪn wər noʊə braʊn ənd ˈkɑnər ˈhæmlɪt, kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈtræfɪk ʤæm əv ˈbɑdiz. ˈbətlər ˈmænɪʤd tɪ gɪt θru ðə mɛs tɪ ˈsɛtəl raɪt ˈoʊvər ðə tɔp əv ðə bɔl, kriˈeɪtɪŋ ən ˈizi pɪʧ ənd kæʧ fər ˈkɛlən mʊr. ˈænθɔˌni braʊn wɑz ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ɪn ðiz ˈpræktɪsɪz. hɪz pəˈzɪʃənɪŋ ɔn ðiz rʊts həz bɪn tɛkst bʊk. ɪt ˈmætər ˈwɛðər ˈkɛriɪŋ braɪənt ər ˈtɛrəns ˈwɪljəmz, bɪn ɪn pəˈzɪʃən tɪ nɑk ˈpæsɪz əˈweɪ. ˈwɪljəmz traɪd tɪ rən ə feɪd ɔn ɪm ˈdʊrɪŋ ənd braʊn wʊd hæv nən əv ðət. wət wɑz moʊst ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv əˈbaʊt ðə pleɪ wɑz ðət braʊn ˈmænɪʤd tɪ steɪ ɔf ˈwɪljəmz wɪˈθaʊt ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðə bɔl. wəns williams’*’ hænz wɛnt əp, hi ɪkˈstɛndɪd hɪz hænz, ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈwɪljəmz tɪ ˈʤəgəl ðə pæs. wəns ˈwɪljəmz riˈgeɪnd ðə bɔl, boʊθ əv hɪz fit wər aʊt əv baʊndz. ə treɪt ðət ˈdiˈeɪˈkeɪ ˈprɛskɑt gɪt ɪˈnəf ˈkrɛdɪt fər ɪz hɪz bɔl ˈhændəlɪŋ. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈpɪriəd wɛr ðə tim wɑz ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə læst fɔr ˈmɪnəts əv ˈgeɪmˌpleɪ, ɪt wɑz feɪk tɪ ɛˈzɛˌkiəl ˈɛliət ðət kɔzd ə ˈbaɪrən ʤoʊnz tɪ kræʃ hɑrd daʊn tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd. wɪθ ʤoʊnz ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə beɪt, ˈprɛskɑt ˈpɪvətɪd bæk tɪ hɪz raɪt ənd flɪpt ə ˈnɪfti ˈlɪtəl pæs tɪ ˈʤeɪsən ˈwɪtən fər ə nis geɪn ɔn fərst daʊn ɔl waɪl ˈkipɪŋ ðə klɑk ˈrənɪŋ. aɪ seɪ ɪˈnəf əˈbaʊt ðə weɪ ˈænθɔˌni ˈhɪʧənz həz pərˈfɔrmd ɪn ðiz ˈpræktɪsɪz. hi meɪd ə pleɪ ɔn ɛˈzɛˌkiəl ˈɛliət ɪn speɪs ðət seɪvd ðə dɪˈfɛns ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə drɪl. ˈɛliət keɪm ˈskrimɪŋ aʊt əv ðə ˈbækˌfild, goʊɪŋ raɪt tɪ lɛft, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛni dɪˈfɛndər hæd ə ʧæns tɪ riækt. wɪθ haʊ kˈwɪkli hi gɑt ˈoʊpən, aɪ æm səˈpraɪzd ðət ˈhɪʧənz ˈivɪn hæd ə ʧæns tɪ ˈræli təˈwɔrd ɪm. ˈprɛskɑt ˈfloʊtɪd ðə bɔl ɪn dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ənd hi meɪd ðə rɪˈsɛpʃən bət ˌbiˈfɔr hi kʊd gɪt sɪks jɑrdz əp ðə fild, ˈhɪʧənz tægd ɔf fər ðə ˈtækəl. wət kʊd hæv bɪn ə juʤ, pleɪ ˌɪnˈstɛd pʊt ðə əˈfɛns ɪn ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ðə dɪˈfɛns hɛld, ˈfɔrsɪŋ ə pənt. ˈtɑkoʊ ˈʧɑrltən həz bɪn siɪŋ snæps æt boʊθ lɛft ənd raɪt ɛnd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðiz ˈpræktɪsɪz. ɪf ju æsk mi, hɪz bɛst ˈrəʃɪz hæv bɪn ɔf ðə lɛft saɪd. twaɪs, hi wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ fɔrs dæn ˈskɪpər ˈɪntu ˈpɛnəltiz ðət pʊt ðə əˈfɛns ɪn ə hoʊl. ɪt həz bɪn ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ˈʧɑrltən tɪ gɪt ˈɛni taɪp əv ˈtrækʃən əˈgɛnst smɪθ, bət hi həz ˈstrəgəld əˈgɛnst ˈbæˌkəps ɔn ðət raɪt saɪd, ɛz wɛl. ðə læst tu deɪz æt lɛft ɛnd, hi ʤɪst lʊks mɔr ˈnæʧərəl ənd ˈkəmfərtəbəl ɪn ðə weɪ hi ˈrəʃɪz. aɪ ləv ðə ˈɛfərt baɪ læns tɪ gɪt ˈnoʊtɪst ɪn ðiz ˈpræktɪsɪz. keɪm əp wɪθ ə hɛk əv ə ˈdaɪvɪŋ kæʧ ˈdʊrɪŋ bət hi ʤɪst gɪt hɪz fit daʊn kwɪk ɪˈnəf tɪ gɪt ðə kɔl. ɪf ˈdɪsərt pʊt ðə bɔl ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˌɪnˈsaɪd, hæd noʊ ˈprɑbləm ənd ə ˈtəʧˌdaʊn. ˈrɪtən ə bənʧ əˈbaʊt ənd ʒʊrˈdæn luɪs, bət nɑt məʧ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈəðər ˈrʊki, mɑrˈkɛz waɪt. ɪt wɑz tərn tɪ ʃoʊ əp ənd breɪk əp ə pæs tɪ læns ɪn ðə ɛnd zoʊn., ˈkəmɪŋ frəm raɪt tɪ lɛft, traɪd tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt frəm waɪt bət hæv məʧ səkˈsɛs. waɪt, ˈtreɪlɪŋ, ˈmænɪʤd tɪ draɪv ɔn ðə bɔl ənd wɪˈθaʊt goʊɪŋ θru ɪm, gɑt hɪz lɛft ɑrm əraʊnd tɪ nɑk ðə pæs əˈweɪ. ɪt prɪˈvɛnɪd wət wʊd hæv bɪn ə ʃʊr ˈtəʧˌdaʊn. aɪ noʊ ɪf ɪt hæd tɪ du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ wɪθ ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈpræktɪs taɪm wɪθ hɪz ˈɪlnəs, bət ɪt wɑz ə təf deɪ fər ˈrikoʊ ˈgæðərz. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə tim ˈpɪriəd əv ˈpræktɪs, ˈgæðərz mɪst ə blɪts ˈpɪˌkəp ðət gɑt ˈkɛlən mʊr sækt. taɪt ɛndz koʊʧ stiv ˈloʊni æt ɔl ˈhæpi wɪθ ðə bəst ənd sɛnt ˈgæðərz ɔf ðə fild. ˈgæðərz, mæd æt hɪmˈsɛlf, slæmd hɪz ˈhɛlmət tɪ ðə tərf ɪn dɪsˈgəst. ðiz ər ðə taɪps əv mɪˈsteɪks ðət ˈkoʊʧɪz ˈtɑlərˌeɪt, ənd ðeɪ wɪl nɑt pʊt pleɪərz ðət meɪk ðɛm ɔn ðə fild əˈspɛʃəli ɪf ðeɪ ər mɪˈsteɪks ðət pəˈtɛnʃəli wɪl gɪt ðə kˈwɔrtərˌbæk hərt. aɪ laɪk wət aɪ æm siɪŋ frəm ˈbaɪrən ʤoʊnz ɪn ˈkəvərɪʤ. pleɪɪŋ ɪn ðə slɑt, ʤoʊnz lɛt braɪs ˈbətlər ˈbʊli ɪm ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf ðə laɪn ənd wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ stænd hɪz graʊnd. ˈbətlər traɪd tɪ pʊʃ ɔf fər pəˈzɪʃən bət ɪt wərk ʤoʊnz wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ nɑk ðə ˈprɛskɑt pæs əˈweɪ, wɪʧ əˈlaʊd ðə dɪˈfɛns tɪ gɪt ɔf ðə fild. ˈsɛdrɪk ˈθɔrntən hæd ə gʊd spɪn muv ɔn ʧæz grin ɔn ə rən baɪ ɛˈzɛˌkiəl ˈɛliət tɪ ˈkæpʧər ɪm fər ə ˈtækəl fər lɔs. grin kəmˈplitli ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf ðə bɔl ənd muv wɑz ðə ˈrizən waɪ. ˈθɔrntən wɪl goʊ ˈɪntu kæmp ɛz ðə ˈstɑrtər æt ðə one-technique*. wɪθ mɔr pleɪz laɪk ðət, ðɛr ɪz ə gʊd ʧæns əv ɪm ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈɔntu ðət ʤɑb.
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frisco, texas just like that, we’re all done.
thursday capped off the cowboys’ third practice of this week, their 12th overall practice of the spring and their final day of the offseason program. maybe i’m biased because it was the final day, but i thought this was one of the most fascinating and competitive practices we’ve seen this year.
there was a lot to like in a lot of different places on the practice fields today. knowing they had a five-week break on the horizon, it felt like the offense and the defense put their best feet forward during this last outing of the spring.
here’s what impressed me thursday at the star:
jaylon smith had his first experience of what it’s like to have to defend jason witten in the red zone on thursday. smith opened to his right on his drop with witten working to his left toward the middle of the field and away from safety robert blanton. kellen moore, from the middle of the pocket, saw smith turned and the positioning of blanton, and he knew exactly where he to go with the ball. as witten neared the goal line, smith flipped his body to face witten, but he was a step too late and the ball hit witten squarely in the hands for the touchdown.
for years we’ve seen dez bryant run fade routes on the goal line with tremendous success --which i am sure was running through the mind of chidobe awuzie as he lined up across from bryant. this time bryant had a new wrinkle for the rookie. instead of going wide off the snap, bryant went hard to the inside, which caused awuzie to try and cut him off. when bryant felt awuzie’s weight transfer, he broke for the corner. to awuzie’s credit, he planted and rallied to chase bryant. without much separation, dak prescott was able to float the ball to a spot where bryant went up with both hands and snatched it out of the air before awuzie had a chance to swat at it.
sneaky route by brice butler in the red zone off a well-designed play by scott linehan. butler, lined up tight left, drove hard across the field. coming from the opposite direction were noah brown and connor hamlett, creating a traffic jam of bodies. butler managed to get through the mess to settle right over the top of the ball, creating an easy pitch and catch for kellen moore.
anthony brown was outstanding in these minicamp practices. his positioning on these routes has been text book. it doesn’t matter whether he’s carrying dez bryant or terrance williams, he’s been in position to knock passes away. williams tried to run a fade on him during 7-on-7 and brown would have none of that. what was most impressive about the play was that brown managed to stay off williams without looking for the ball. once williams’ hands went up, he extended his hands, causing williams to juggle the pass. once williams regained the ball, both of his feet were out of bounds.
a trait that dak prescott doesn’t get enough credit for is his ball handling. during the period where the team was working on the last four minutes of gameplay, it was prescott’s fake to ezekiel elliott that caused a blitzing byron jones to crash hard down to the inside. with jones taking the bait, prescott pivoted back to his right and flipped a nifty little pass to jason witten for a nice gain on first down -- all while keeping the clock running.
i can’t say enough about the way anthony hitchens has performed in these practices. he made a play on ezekiel elliott in space that saved the defense during the four-minute drill. elliott came screaming out of the backfield, going right to left, before any defender had a chance to react. with how quickly he got open, i am surprised that hitchens even had a chance to rally toward him. prescott floated the ball in elliott’s direction and he made the reception -- but before he could get six yards up the field, hitchens tagged off for the tackle. what could have been a huge, back-breaking play instead put the offense in a 3rd-and-4 situation. the defense held, forcing a punt.
taco charlton has been seeing snaps at both left and right end during these practices. if you ask me, his best rushes have been off the left side. twice, he was able to force dan skipper into penalties that put the offense in a hole. it has been difficult for charlton to get any type of traction against tyron smith, but he has struggled against backups on that right side, as well. the last two days at left end, he just looks more natural and comfortable in the way he rushes.
i love the effort by newly-signed lance lenoir to get noticed in these practices. lenior came up with a heck of a diving catch during 7-on-7, but he just couldn’t get his feet down quick enough to get the call. if zac dysert put the ball a little more inside, lenior would’ve had no problem and it’s a touchdown.
i’ve written a bunch about chidobe awuzie and jourdan lewis, but not much about the other rookie, marquez white. it was white’s turn to show up and break up a pass to lance lenoir in the end zone. lenoir, coming from right to left, tried to separate from white but didn’t have much success. white, trailing lenoir, managed to drive on the ball and without going through him, got his left arm around lenoir to knock the pass away. it prevented what would have been a sure touchdown.
i don’t know if it had to do anything with missing practice time with his illness, but it was a tough day for rico gathers. during the team period of practice, gathers missed a blitz pickup that got kellen moore sacked. tight ends coach steve loney wasn’t at all happy with the bust and sent gathers off the field. gathers, mad at himself, slammed his helmet to the turf in disgust. these are the types of mistakes that coaches don’t tolerate, and they will not put players that make them on the field especially if they are mistakes that potentially will get the quarterback hurt.
i like what i am seeing from byron jones in coverage. playing in the slot, jones didn’t let brice butler bully him coming off the line and was able to stand his ground. butler tried to push off for position but it didn’t work jones was able to knock the prescott pass away, which allowed the defense to get off the field.
cedric thornton had a good spin move on chaz green on a 3rd-and-2 run by ezekiel elliott to capture him for a tackle for loss. green completely whiffed coming off the ball and thornton’s move was the reason why. thornton will go into camp as the starter at the one-technique. with more plays like that, there is a good chance of him holding onto that job.
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ðə ˌənænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ʃɑk əv, ˈmeɪkɪŋ 86 əv kæʃ wɪθ ðə ˈpəblɪk ˌɪˈligəl, ɪz ə ˈmæsɪv dɪsˈrəpʃən fər ðə ˈɪndiən ɪˈkɑnəmi. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðɪs, ˈmɛni rɪˈpɔrts ənd æˈnælɪˌsiz hæv ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ɪts groʊθ ˌɪmˈpækt. ə ˈfɛrli ˈkɑmən kənˈkluʒən ɪz ðə muv wɪl kɔz peɪn" bət groʊθ geɪnz ɪn ðə lɔŋ tərm: ɪn ðə short-run*, kənˈsəmʃən ˈspɛndɪŋ ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi hɪt ɛz ˈɔlsoʊ væst trækts əv ðə pərˈdəktɪv ˌsɛgˈmɛnts. ɛz ðə dəst ˈsɛtəlz, ənd ˈeɪʤənts riəˈlaɪn tɪ haɪər ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈfɔrməl ər rɪˈkɔrdɪd trænˈzækʃənz, groʊθ ˈbɛnəfɪts wɪl ˈfɑloʊ θru ə ˈwaɪdər tax-base*, ˈbɛtər tæks kəmˈplaɪəns, rɪˈdust trænˈzækʃən kɔsts ənd ɛnˈhænst ɪˈfɪʃənsiz ɪn ˈvɛriəs supply-chains*; ˌmækroʊɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪndəˌkeɪtərz ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv tu ɛz ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən sloʊz, ˈfɪskəl ˈbælənsɪz ˌɪmˈpruv ənd ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts ˈsɔfən ˈfərðər ɔn ðə graʊnd. ðə ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ˈifɛkts ər ˈstreɪtˈfɔrwərd ənd ril. rɪˈmɛmbər ɔn ðə iv əv ðɪs kˈwɔrtər, ɔl bət ðə ˈpraɪvət kənˈsəmʃən ˈdraɪvər əv ˈægrəgət dɪˈmænd wər ˌnɑnəgˈzɪstənt. ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt wɑz ʃoʊɪŋ noʊ ˈpɪˌkəp, ˈpəblɪk wɑz kənˈstreɪnd, ˈɛkspɔrts rɪˈmeɪnd wik; ˈpraɪvət kənˈsəmʃən tu wɑz drægd daʊn baɪ tu səkˈsɛsɪv draʊt jɪrz. ɪn ðɪs kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən, groʊθ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz fər ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ hæf əv dɪˈpɛndɪd ɔn ˈspɛndɪŋ səˈpɔrt frəm ˌɪnˈkrist ˈsæləriz əv ˈsɛntrəl ˈgəvərnmənt ɪmˈplɔɪiz ənd roʊˈbəst ˈreɪnˌfɔl ˈifɛkts ɔn ˈrʊrəl ˈɪnˌkəmz. ðə ˈtrænzəˌtɔri bət səˈvɪr kæʃ ənd ˈkrɛdɪt krənʧ dɪˈrɛkli hərts kənˈsəmʃən ər 55 əv dɪˈmænd, wɪʧ ɪz trænˈzæktɪd ɪn kæʃ; pərˈdəkʃən ˌsɛgˈmɛnts wɛr ˈwərkɪŋ ˈkæpɪtəl ənd treɪd ˈpeɪmənts ər; ənd ˈɪnˌkəmz baɪ dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ wɛlθ (ˌəndɪˈskloʊzd ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌprɛfərˈɛnʃəl kæʃ ˈhoʊldɪŋ əv ˈseɪvɪŋz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) ənd ˈmɛni ənd ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɪmˈplɔɪiz. groʊθ ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ fɔl fər tu kˈwɔrtərz frəm səʧ ˈifɛkts, bət ðɪs ˈpɪriəd ɪz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ haʊ lɔŋ ðə ˈkərənsi ˈdɛfəsət ɪnˈdʊrz; ðə ˈlætər kʊd bi kwaɪt lɔŋ fər ɪz kənˈstreɪnd baɪ ləˈʤɪstɪkəl rɪˈʤɪdɪtiz ɪn ˈprɪnɪŋ ənd ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ðət ər tɪ mæʧ ðə skeɪl ənd ˈmægnəˌtud əv wɪθˈdrɔəl əv ˈkərənsi wɪθ ðə ˈpəblɪk. kən wi bi ˈkɑnfədənt əˈbaʊt ə groʊθ riˈbaʊnd ðɛˈræftər? ðə steɪt əv ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ˈmætərz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli hir bɪˈkəz ðət wɪl praɪˈmɛrəli dɪˈtərmən rɪˈspɑns kəˈpæsɪtiz əv iʧ ˌsɛgˈmɛnt, ənd ˌɪnərˈækʃənz wɪˈθɪn tɪ ˈɪnfluəns ˈægrəgət ˈaʊtˌkəm. ðɛr ɪz æŋˈzaɪəti ɔn ðɪs kaʊnt. ə lʊk ˈɪntu ðə pæst fju jɪrz riˈmaɪndz ˈjuˈɛs ðət ðə sˈloʊˌdaʊn ɪn ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ənd ˈɛkspɔrts ɪz proʊˈtræktɪd, nɑt nu; juz əv ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ kəˈpæsɪtiz həz ˈstɛdəli bɪn ˈfɑlɪŋ; nɑnpərˈfɔrmɪŋ ənd strɛst ˈæˌsɛt ˈlɛvəlz ər stɪl ɔn ðə raɪz, ˈmægnəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˈbæləns ʃit strɛs əv lɑrʤ ˈkɔrpərəts ənd ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈsɪstəm; ɪz prəˈgrɛsɪŋ sˈloʊli, jɛt ˌɪnkəmˈplit, waɪl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən əv bæd loʊnz ɪz ˈpruvɪŋ ˈdɪfəkəlt. groʊθ ɪn ðə læst jɪrz həz kəm ɔf ˈvɛriəs ˈstɪmjəˌlaɪ səm frəm ˈpəblɪk ˈkæpɪtəl ˈspɛndɪŋ səˈpɔrt, bət frəm ˈwəˌtaɪm, tərmz əv treɪd geɪnz ðət ər naʊ ˈwɛrɪŋ ɔf. ɪn ðɪs ˈsɛtɪŋ, kʊd ˌɪmˈpoʊz ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ kɔsts ˈviə ˌɪnˈkrist ənˈsərtənti, ə ˈpɑsəbəl ɛz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ˈspɛndɪŋ bɪˈheɪvjər əv ˈbɪznɪsɪz ənd kənˈsumərz bɪˈkəm ˈhɑrdər tɪ prɪˈdɪkt; ˈtɛmpərˌɛri streɪnz əˈpɑn ɔˈrɛdi wik ˈbæləns ʃits kʊd strɛʧ aʊt wɪθ ˈfərðər ˈnɛgətɪv ˌɪmˈpækt. əˈʤəstmənt kɔsts əˈtæʧt tɪ ˈɛni rɪˈfɔrm ər ʃɑk rɪˈspɑnsɪz ər aʊtˈweɪd baɪ ɪkˈspɛktɪd fˈjuʧər ˈbɛnəfɪts wɪn fərmz ənd bæŋks ər ˈhɛlθi, ˈɪnˌkəmz groʊɪŋ, ənd dɪˈmænd ˈprɑspɛkts ˈpɑzətɪv ənd ˈsərtən. ɪf wi æd ˈgloʊbəl ˈhɛdˌwɪndz əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ʧeɪnʤ ənd ˈpɑləsi ənˈsərtəntiz tɪ ðə dəˈmɛstɪk ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈsɛtɪŋz, ɪt ɪz hɑrd tɪ bi ʃʊr ðət groʊθ wɪl rɪˈtərn ˌroʊˈbəstli wəns ˈnɔrməlsi ɪz rɪˈstɔrd, i.e*. ɪt wɪl nɑt bi hərt bɪɔnd ðə ˌʃɔrtˈtərm. ˈkoʊli ɪz ə nu ˈdɛli beɪst ɪˈkɑnəmɪst.
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the unanticipated shock of demonetization, making 86% of cash with the public illegal, is a massive disruption for the indian economy. following this, many reports and analyses have focused on its growth impact. a fairly common conclusion is the move will cause “short-term pain" but growth gains in the long term: in the short-run, consumption spending is particularly likely to be hit as also vast tracts of the cash-based productive segments. as the dust settles, and agents realign to higher levels of formal or recorded transactions, growth benefits will follow through a wider tax-base, better tax compliance, reduced transaction costs and enhanced efficiencies in various supply-chains; macroeconomic indicators are likely to improve too as inflation slows, fiscal balances improve and interest rates soften further on the ground.
the short-term effects are straightforward and real. remember on the eve of this quarter, all but the private consumption driver of aggregate demand were non-existent. private investment was showing no pickup, public capex was constrained, exports remained weak; private consumption too was dragged down by two successive drought years. in this configuration, growth expectations for the remaining half of 2016-17 depended on spending support from increased salaries of central government employees and robust rainfall effects on rural incomes.
the transitory but severe cash and credit crunch directly hurts consumption or 55% of demand, which is majorly transacted in cash; production segments where working capital and trade payments are cash-based; and incomes by destroying wealth (undisclosed as well as preferential cash holding of savings, etc.) and many daily-wage and short-term contract employees. growth is expected to fall for two quarters from such effects, but this period is subject to how long the currency deficit endures; the latter could be quite long for remonetization is constrained by logistical rigidities in printing and distribution that are ill-equipped to match the scale and magnitude of withdrawal of currency with the public.
can we be confident about a medium-term growth rebound thereafter? the state of the economy matters significantly here because that will primarily determine response capacities of each segment, sub-segment and interactions within to influence aggregate outcome. there is anxiety on this count. a look into the past few years reminds us that the slowdown in investments and exports is protracted, not new; use of manufacturing capacities has steadily been falling; non-performing and stressed asset levels are still on the rise, magnifying the balance sheet stress of large corporates and the banking system; deleveraging is progressing slowly, yet incomplete, while resolution of bad loans is proving difficult. gdp growth in the last two-three years has come off various stimuli – some from public capital spending support, but majorly from one-time, terms of trade gains that are now wearing off.
in this setting, demonetization could impose enduring costs via increased uncertainty, a possible risk-aversion as changes in spending behaviour of businesses and consumers become harder to predict; temporary strains upon already weak balance sheets could stretch out with further negative impact. adjustment costs attached to any reform or shock responses are outweighed by expected future benefits when firms and banks are healthy, incomes growing, and demand prospects positive and certain. if we add global headwinds of political change and policy uncertainties to the domestic economic settings, it is hard to be sure that gdp growth will return robustly once normalcy is restored, i.e. it will not be hurt beyond the short-term.
renu kohli is a new delhi based economist.
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ooblets* woʊnt bi ərˈaɪvɪŋ ənˈtɪl "ˈhoʊpfəli" 2018 bət ðə əˈdɔrəbəl ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɑrmɪŋ ənd ˈkriʧər kəˈlɛktɪŋ geɪm ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ɔn ə lɔt əv ɑr wishlists*. ɛz grɛg raɪs əv ˈdəbəl faɪn tɛlz ˈɛvən ɪn ðə ˈvɪdioʊ əˈbəv frəm pæks wɛst, "ɪts ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv ˈænəməl ˈkrɔsɪŋ, ə ˈlɪtəl pokemon*, ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv ˈhɑrvəst mun, soʊ ɪts laɪk rpg*, taʊn sɪm, ˈfɑrmɪŋ sɪm, ræpt əp ɪn ə kjut ˈpækɪʤ." ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ɛz raɪs pʊts ɪt, ɪz laɪk "ɔl jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt geɪmz mæʃt ˈɪntu wən." (ðə ˈkriʧərz, nɑt ðə geɪm ˌɪtˈsɛlf) kən bi wən θru ˈkɑmbæt ər baɪ ˈplæntɪŋ sidz ənd ˈsɪmpli groʊɪŋ ðɛm ɔn jʊr fɑrm. wən kˈwɛʃən raɪs kænt ˈænsər ɪz wɪʧ ɪz ðə ˈkjutɪst. "ðɛr ɔl tu kjut," hi sɪz. si fər ˈjɔrsɛlf ɪn ðə fʊl ˈɪntərvˌju əˈbəv ənd kæʧ əp ɔn ðə rɛst əv ɑr pæks wɛst 2017 ˈkəvərɪʤ hir.
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ooblets won't be arriving until "hopefully" 2018, but the adorable looking farming and creature collecting game is already on a lot of our wishlists. as greg rice of double fine tells evan in the video above from pax west, "it's a little bit of animal crossing, a little pokemon, a little bit of harvest moon, so it's like rpg, town sim, farming sim, wrapped up in a cute package."
in other words, as rice puts it, ooblets is like "all your favorite games mashed into one." ooblets (the creatures, not the game itself) can be won through combat or by planting seeds and simply growing them on your farm. one question rice can't answer is which ooblet is the cutest. "they're all too cute," he says.
see for yourself in the full interview above and catch up on the rest of our pax west 2017 coverage here.
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ə ˈhɑliˌwʊd sɔrs kənˈfərmz ðət hil pleɪ ˈɛvriˌbɑdiz ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈlɪtəl ˈbədi ɪn ðə fɪlm. ʤɑʃ gæd əˈtɛndz ðə prɛˈmɪr əv wɔlt ˈdɪzni ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ˈstudiˌoʊz' 'ˈfroʊzən' ɔn noʊv. 19 ɪn ˈhɑliˌwʊd. ˈfrɛdərɪk ɛm. braʊn, ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz) ʤɪst sɪt raɪt bæk ənd jul hir ə teɪl, ə teɪl əv ə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ təˈdeɪ ˈkɑləmnəst huz ɔn hɪz weɪ tɪ stɪr ðə s.s*. ˈmɪnoʊ ˈɪntu ənˈʧɑrtɪd ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri: ðə bɪg skrin. ʤɑʃ gæd wɪl bi ˈstɑrɪŋ ɪn ə ˈmuvi ˈvərʒən əv ðət ˈsteɪpəl əv ðə (ənd ˈriˈrənz), ˈgɪləgənz ˈaɪlənd. ə ˈhɑliˌwʊd sɔrs sɪz ðə bʊk əv ˈmɔrmən ˈæktər wɪl fɪl ðə boʊt ʃuz əv ˈgɪləgən. gæd wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ə hænd ɪn ˈraɪtɪŋ ðə skrɪpt fər ˈwɔrnər bros*. wɪr ˈgɛsɪŋ ðɪs woʊnt bi ə θriaʊər tʊr ——er*, fɪlm. ˈdɛˌdlaɪn fərst ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðə nuz. rɛd ər ʃɛr ðɪs ˈstɔri:
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a hollywood source confirms that he'll play everybody's favorite little buddy in the film.
josh gad attends the premiere of walt disney animation studios' 'frozen' on nov. 19 in hollywood. (photo11: frederick m. brown, getty images)
just sit right back and you'll hear a tale, a tale of a usa today pop-culture columnist who's on his way to steer the s.s. minnow into uncharted territory: the big screen.
josh gad will be starring in a movie version of that small-screen staple of the '60s (and '80s reruns), gilligan's island. a hollywood source says the book of mormon actor will fill the boat shoes of gilligan. gad will also have a hand in writing the script for warner bros.
we're guessing this won't be a three-hour tourer, film.
deadline first reported the news.
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colombia’s* kənˈsərvətɪv ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈlidər əlˈvɑroʊ jərˈibi ɪz fˈjʊriəs wɪθ hɪz kæmˈpeɪn ˈmænɪʤər ˈæftər ðə ˈlætər rɪˈvild hɪz ˈpɑrti ˈpərpəsli prəˈmoʊtəd ˌɪndɪgˈneɪʃən ənd ˈɪgnərəns waɪl ˈsikɪŋ tɪ ə sɪŋk ə pis ˈprɔˌsɛs wɪθ ˈlɛftɪst gərˈɪləz ɪn ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm. ˈfɔrmər ˈsɛnətər wɑn ˈkɑrloʊs vɛˈlɛz, ðə kæmˈpeɪn ˈmænɪʤər əv ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈsɛnər ˈpɑrti, toʊld ˈnuzˌpeɪpər lɑ rɪˈpəblɪkə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ðət hɪz kæmˈpeɪn wɑz səkˈsɛsfəl bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈpərpəsli ˈfoʊmɛntɪd ˌɪndɪgˈneɪʃən, waɪl ˈpərpəsli əˈvɔɪdɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrm ðə ˈpəblɪk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkɑntɛnt əv ðə pis dil ðə ˈpɑrti wɑz əˈpoʊzɪŋ. ðə ˈstrætəʤi wərkt, ɔlˈbiɪt ˈoʊnli ʤɪst. ðə ‘‘no’*’ voʊt əbˈteɪnd noʊ mɔr ðən voʊts waɪl əbˈstɛnʧən wɑz 63 ðə voʊt dɪd nɑt ʤɪst sɪŋk ðə pis ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈstɑrtɪd, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ plənʤd ðə ɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər pəˈlɪtɪkəl, ˈsoʊʃəl ənd ˈpəblɪk sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkraɪsəs. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, fər jərˈibi, vɛˈlɛz ənd ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈsɛnər, ðɪs mɛnt ˈvɪktəri ˈæftər jɪrz əv traɪɪŋ tɪ dɪˈskrɛdət ənd ˈivɪn ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ ðə pis tɔks priˈsidɪŋ ðə dil wɪθ ˌɪˈligəl spaɪɪŋ, ðə ˈlikɪŋ əv ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ˌmɪsɪnfərˈmeɪʃən ənd laɪz. primero*: lɑ dɛl də 800 mɪl ˈpeɪsoʊz, ˈjuˈɛn ˈjuˈɛn 800 entendió*ó ˌælˈfreɪdoʊ ˈrænˈʤɛl (@alrangels*) ˈeɪprəl 13 2016 ˈwɔntɪd ðə ˈpipəl tɪ goʊ aʊt tɪ voʊt waɪl fɛd up,”*,” vɛˈlɛz toʊld lɑ rɪˈpəblɪkə. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈʧiv ðɪs, vɛˈlɛz sɛd hɪz kæmˈpeɪn ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðə əˈgrimənts tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ɔn indignation.”*.” ðə kæmˈpeɪn nu ɪgˈzæktli haʊ ənd wɛr tɪ prəˈmoʊt ˌɪndɪgˈneɪʃən waɪl əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ðə juz əv ˈfækʧuəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ðə ˈmɪdəl ənd ˈəpər ˈklæsɪz wi ˈsɛntərd əraʊnd ðə impunity’*’ ənd ðə tæks rɪˈfɔrm, waɪl ɪn ðə loʊər klæs ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈsteɪʃənz wi ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə subsidies”*” fər dɪˈmoʊbəˌlaɪzɪŋ guerrillas.”*.” tərm əv ðə ˈriʤənəl ˌsɛgˈmɛnts wi juzd ðɛr rɪˈspɛktɪv ˈæksɛnts. ɔn ðə koʊst wi ˈnɛroʊd daʊn ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ tɪ ðət wər goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈkɑnvərt ɪn venezuela,”*,” vɛˈlɛz sɛd. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ðə kæmˈpeɪn gɑt ðə səˈpɔrt əv ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl kəmˈjunɪti ˈæftər ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðə pis ˈpɑrti, ˈmeɪnli eɪmd æt ˈvɪktɪmz əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈvaɪələns, wɑz ɪn fækt ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ əˈtæk trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈfæməli ˈvæljuz ənd prəˈmoʊt ˌhoʊmoʊˌsɛkʃuˈæləˌti. jərˈibi, huz læst kæmˈpeɪn ˈmænɪʤər flɛd ðə ˈkəntri ˈæftər biɪŋ kɔt ˈsprɛdɪŋ ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən fər hɪz pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈbɛnəfɪt, ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈskoʊldɪd vɛˈlɛz fər rɪˈvilɪŋ ðə ˈlɛvəl əv dɪˈsɑnəsti əv ðə ˈwɪnɪŋ ““no”*” kæmˈpeɪn. ðə ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈvɪktəri, fərst ɪn sɪks jɪrz, ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈlɛvərɪʤ waɪl nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ɔˈrɛdi saɪnd pis dil wɪθ ˈsæntoʊs. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, velez’*’ səˈpraɪzɪŋ ˈoʊpənəs ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˌəndərˈmaɪnd ðɪs, əˈspɛʃəli bɪˈkəz ðə dil ɪz ɔˈrɛdi saɪnd ənd ðə həz jɛt tɪ əˈgri tɪ riˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ðət hæv ɔˈrɛdi ˈteɪkən mɔr ðən faɪv ənd ə hæf jɪrz. mɔˈroʊvər, kæmˈpeɪn wən ðə kæmˈpeɪn waɪl ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈvoʊtərz wər nɑt ˈeɪbəl tɪ voʊt ɪn ðə ˌprɪˈdɑmənənˌtli ˌkɛrɪˈbiən ˈriʤən ðət wɑz strək baɪ ˈhərəˌkeɪnz ˈmæθju ɔn ðə deɪ əv ðə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm. ˈpɑrti ˈfɪrsli əˈbʤɛktəd tɪ əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈpoʊlɪŋ ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn ðət ˈɛriə tɪ steɪ ˈoʊpən ˈlɔŋgər tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈpipəl tɪ voʊt ɪn ðə ˈɛriə ðət ˈizəli swəŋ ðə voʊt tɪ ““yes.”*.” bət vɛˈlɛz ɪz ˈhæpi. ‘‘no’*’ kæmˈpeɪn wɑz ðə ˈʧipəst ənd moʊst ˈifɛktɪv ɪn ə lɔŋ taɪm. ɪz ˈvɛri high,”*,” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə kæmˈpeɪn ˈmænɪʤər, əˈpɛrəntli ˌənəˈfɛktɪd rɪˈzəlts əv ðə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm plənʤd ðə ˈkəntri ɪn ˈkraɪsəs.
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colombia’s conservative opposition leader alvaro uribe is furious with his campaign manager after the latter revealed his party purposely promoted indignation and ignorance while seeking to a sink a peace process with leftist farc guerrillas in sunday’s referendum.
former senator juan carlos velez, the campaign manager of uribe’s democratic center party, told newspaper la republica newspaper that his campaign was successful because it purposely fomented indignation, while purposely avoiding to inform the public about the content of the peace deal the party was opposing.
the strategy worked, albeit only just. the opposition’s ‘no’ vote obtained no more than 55,000 votes while abstention was 63%.
the vote did not just sink the peace process that had already started, it also plunged the country’s in a major political, social and public security crisis.
however, for uribe, velez and the democratic center, this meant victory after years of trying to discredit and even sabotage the peace talks preceding the deal with illegal spying, the leaking of classified information, misinformation and lies.
@martinsantosr entérese primero: la familia del teniente alzate recibiría pensión de 800 mil pesos, un terrorista un millón 800. entendió ? alfredo rangel (@alrangels) april 13, 2016
“we wanted the people to go out to vote while fed up,” velez told la republica.
in order to achieve this, velez said his campaign “stopped explaining the agreements to focus the message on indignation.”
the campaign knew exactly how and where to promote indignation while avoiding the use of factual information.
“in the middle and upper classes we centered around the ‘no impunity’ and the tax reform, while in the lower class radio stations we focused on the subsidies” for demobilizing guerrillas.”
“in term of the regional segments we used their respective accents. on the coast we narrowed down the message to that were going to convert in venezuela,” velez said.
additionally, the campaign got the support of colombia’s evangelical community after claiming the peace deal’s gender-specific party, mainly aimed at victims of sexual violence, was in fact an attempt to attack traditional family values and promote homosexuality.
uribe, whose last campaign manager fled the country after being caught spreading classified information for his party’s political benefit, immediately scolded velez for revealing the level of dishonesty of the winning “no” campaign.
the electoral victory, uribe’s first in six years, increased the former president’s leverage while negotiating changes to the already signed peace deal with santos.
however, velez’ surprising openness immediately undermined this, especially because the deal is already signed and the farc has yet to agree to reopening the negotiations that have already taken more than five and a half years.
moreover, uribe’s campaign won the campaign while hundreds of thousands of voters were not able to vote in the predominantly pro-peace caribbean region that was struck by hurricane matthew on the day of the referendum.
uribe’s party fiercely objected to allowing polling stations in that area to stay open longer to allow people to vote in the area that could’ve easily swung the vote to “yes.”
but velez is happy.
“the ‘no’ campaign was the cheapest and most effective in a long time. it’s cost-benefit is very high,” according to the campaign manager, apparently unaffected results of the referendum plunged the country in crisis.
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kərk ˈgɪbsən lʊks ɔn frəm ðə ˈdəˌgaʊt stɛps ˈdʊrɪŋ ə geɪm əˈgɛnst ðə ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə twɪnz ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 22 2005 (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈʤuljən eɪʧ. gɑnˈzɑləz dfp*) kərk ˈgɪbsən, ðə ˈtaɪgərz greɪt ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈmɪʃɪgən steɪt stɑr, həz bɪn ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst wɪθ ˈpɑrkɪnsənz dɪˈziz. ˈgɪbsən, ɪn hɪz fərst jɪr bæk ɛz ən ˈænəlɪst wɪθ fɑks spɔrts ˈdiˌtrɔɪt, həz bɪn ˈæbsənt frəm ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæst buθ sɪns ðə ˈeɪprəl 6 ˈoʊpənɪŋ deɪ ˈtɛləˌkæst. hi ɪkˈspleɪnd waɪ ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt riˈlist ˈtuzˌdeɪ baɪ ðət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪd hi wʊd nɑt grænt ˈɪntərvˌjuz ənd rɪkˈwɛstɪd ˈpraɪvəsi. "aɪ hæv feɪst ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt ˈɑbstəkəlz ɪn maɪ laɪf, ənd hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz meɪnˈteɪnd ə strɔŋ bɪˈlif ðət noʊ ˈmætər ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz, aɪ kʊd ˈoʊvərˌkəm ðoʊz ˈɑbstəkəlz," ˈgɪbsən, 57 sɛd. "waɪl ðɪs ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsəs ˈpoʊzɪz ə nu kaɪnd əv ˈʧælənʤ fər mi, aɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnd tɪ steɪ tru tɪ maɪ bɪˈlifs. wɪθ ðə səˈpɔrt əv maɪ ˈfæməli ənd frɛndz, aɪ wɪl mit ðɪs ˈʧælənʤ wɪθ ðə seɪm dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən ənd ənˈweɪvərɪŋ ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti ðət aɪ hæv dɪˈspleɪd ɪn ɔl əv maɪ ɪnˈdɛvərz ɪn laɪf. aɪ lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ biɪŋ bæk æt ðə ˈbɔlˌpɑrk ɛz sun ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl." ˈtaɪgərz ˈmænɪʤər bræd ˈaʊsmɪs sɛd hi sɔ ˈgɪbsən, 57 ˈbrifli ɪn spərɪŋ ˈtreɪnɪŋ bət wɑz ˌənəˈwɛr. "ˈɑbviəsli fil ˈɔfəl fər ˈʤɪbi ənd hɪz ˈfæməli," ˈaʊsmɪs sɛd. "aɪv noʊn ˈʤɪbi əˈbaʊt 15 jɪrz, 16 jɪrz. hiz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn greɪt wɪθ mi. trɪˈmɛndəs ˈpərsən. wən əv ðə ˈfɪrsəst kəmˈpɛtɪtərz aɪv ˈɛvər wɔʧt. "aɪ kænt si kərk ˈgɪbsən ˈfoʊldɪŋ əp ʃɑp ənd ˈkrɔlɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ˈkɔrnər ˈoʊvər ðɪs. aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ðæts ɪn hɪz ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ." ˈʤəstɪn əˈgrid. "aɪ sɔ wət ˈʤɪbi sɛd əˈbaʊt ɪt ənd noʊ truər wərdz hæv bɪn ˈspoʊkən frəm ə mæn laɪk ɪm, hiz ə ˈfaɪtər θru ənd θru," sɛd. "hi sɛd ðɪs ɪz ə nu ˈʧælənʤ ɪn hɪz laɪf, ənd hiz goʊɪŋ tɪ əˈtæk ɪt fʊl ɔn. "ˈɑbviəsli ju ˈnɛvər laɪk tɪ si ˈɛnibədi bi ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst wɪθ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ laɪk ðət. ə gaɪ laɪk ˈʤɪbi, meɪks ɪt ˈivɪn wərs bɪˈkəz hiz ɪn ðə ˈtaɪgər ˈfæməli. sɔ ɪm ɪn spərɪŋ ə bənʧ. ˈɑbviəsli əm ʃʊr ɪts təf fər ɪm ənd hɪz ˈfæməli. aɪ fil fər ɪm." ˈpɑrkɪnsənz dɪˈziz ɪz ə prəˈgrɛsɪv dɪˈsɔrdər əv ðə ˈnərvəs ˈsɪstəm ðət əˈfɛkts wənz ˈmuvmənt. ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ˈpeɪʃənz ˌɪnˈklud mʊˈhɑməd ˈɑli ənd ˈmaɪkəl ʤeɪ. fɑks. ˈgɪbsən, ə ˈneɪtɪv əv ˈwɔtərfərd, wɑz ə ki ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈtaɪgərz' 1984 wərld ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp tim. hi wɑz wɪθ ðə tim ɪn ənd rɪˈtərnd ɪn ɪn bɪtˈwin, hi pleɪd fər ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈdɑʤərz, ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti rɔɪəlz ənd ˈpɪtsbərg ˈpaɪrəts. hi wɑz ə wərld ˈsɪriz ˈhɪroʊ fər ðə ˈdɑʤərz ɪn 1988 ənd wən ðə ðət ˈsizən. hi hɪt 255 kərɪr hoʊm rənz wɪθ ə 268 kərɪr ˈævərɪʤ. "wɪr ɔl ʤɪst ˈhoʊpɪŋ, preɪɪŋ ðət θɪŋz wərk aʊt," sɛd ˈælən ˈtræməl, ə ˈtiˌmeɪt wɪθ ˈgɪbsən ɔn ðə 1984 tim. "hiz ə ˈvɛri ˈpraɪvət ˈpərsən, ənd aɪ rɪˈspɛkt ðət ˈtoʊtəli." ˈtræməl sərvd ɛz bɛnʧ koʊʧ wɪn ˈgɪbsən ˈmænɪʤd ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ɪn ˈrɛkərd). ˈgɪbsən sərvd ɛz bɛnʧ koʊʧ wɪn ˈtræməl ˈmænɪʤd ðə ˈtaɪgərz ɪn "aɪ noʊ hiz goʊɪŋ tɪ faɪt ɪt, hiz goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈbætəl ɪt bɪˈkəz ðæts wət hi dɪz," sɛd ʤæk ˈmɔrɪs, ə ˈtiˌmeɪt ɔn ðə 1984 ˈtaɪgərz hu wɪl bi ˈsplɪtɪŋ əp ˈænəlɪst ˈdutiz ðɪs ˈsizən wɪθ ˈgɪbsən ənd rɑd ˈælən wɪn hiz nɑt ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn twɪnz ˈbrɔdˌkæsts. "ɪts ə sæd deɪ fər mi bɪˈkəz aɪ lʊk æt kərk ˈgɪbsən ɛz wən əv ðə moʊst æθˈlɛtɪk, strɔŋ, dɪˈtərmənd gaɪz aɪv ˈɛvər noʊn. ənd ə juʤ pɑrt əv mi. wi wər ə lɔt əˈlaɪk ɪn ðət rɪˈgɑrd. "hiz laɪk ə ˈbrəðər tɪ mi ˈivɪn ðoʊ aɪ ˈhævənt tɔkt tɪ ɪm ə lɔt ɪn ðə læst fju jɪrz. hiz ðɛr bɪˈkəz əv ɑr ˈhɪstəri. aɪ kɔld ɪm ənd lɛft ɪm ə ˈmɛsɪʤ, ʤɪst ˈwɪʃɪŋ ɪm ɔl ðə bɛst. əm kaɪnd əv æt ə lɔs fər wərdz bɪˈkəz əm stɪl ə ˈlɪtəl ʃɑkt baɪ ɪt." ˈgɪbsən ˈɔlsoʊ wɑz ə stɑr rɪˈsivər æt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtərnɪŋ proʊ ənd həz bɪn ˈnɑməˌneɪtəd fər ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl hɔl əv feɪm. ˈpɑrkɪnsənz dɪˈziz dɪˈvɛləps sˈloʊli, ənd ˈpeɪʃənz kən lɪv lɔŋ, ˌhaɪkˈwɑləti lɪvz ˈivɪn ˈæftər ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsəs. ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃənz ənd ˈsərʤəri ˈɔfən kən kənˈtroʊl ˈsɪmptəmz fər jɪrz. wən ˈtritmənt ˌɪnˈvɑlvz dip breɪn ˌstɪmjəˈleɪʃən. ðə prəˈsiʤər ɪz əˈpruvd baɪ ðə juz fud ənd drəg ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ənd ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˌɪˈlɛktroʊdz ðət ər ˌɪmˈplæntɪd ˈɪntu ðə breɪn ənd kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ə smɔl ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl dɪˈvaɪs ðət ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts ˈpəlsɪz. stɪl, ðɛr ɪz noʊ kjʊr. ənd ˈoʊvər taɪm, ðə prəˈgrɛsɪv dɪˈsɔrdər kən kɔz ˈstɪfnəs, sloʊ ˈmuvmənt ənd ˈtrɛmərz. ðoʊz wɪθ ˈpɑrkɪnsənz ˈɔfən luz ɪkˈsprɛʃənz ɪn ðɛr feɪs. ðɛr spiʧ meɪ bi slərd ər bɪˈkəm sɔft ənd loʊ, ənd ðɛr geɪt maɪt bi əˈfɛktɪd wɪn ðeɪ wɔk. ˈoʊvər taɪm, ə ˈpərsən wɪθ ˈpɑrkɪnsənz ˈluzɪz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ðɛr ˈmuvmənts, ˈbɑdi ənd ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz. ˈsɪmpəl tæsks meɪ bɪˈkəm ˈdɪfəkəlt, ɛz wɛl ɛz sˈwɑloʊɪŋ ənd ʧuɪŋ. ˈpɑrkɪnsənz, ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ɪz nɑt ˈdɛdli, bət ɪt ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ðə rɪsks əv fɔlz, nəˈmoʊnjə ər ˈəðər ˈdɛdli ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃənz. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ kən bi dəˈbɪləˌteɪtɪŋ ˈoʊvər taɪm ɛz ðə breɪn sˈloʊli stɑps prəˈdusɪŋ ðə ˈdɑpəˌmaɪn, ə ðət ˈriˌleɪz ˈmɛsɪʤɪz əˈkrɔs nərv sɛlz. prɪˈsaɪsli waɪ ðə dɪˈziz teɪks hoʊld ɪz ənˈklɪr. ˈrisərʧ səˈʤɛsts trɔˈmætɪk breɪn ˈɪnʤəriz bust ðə ɑdz əv dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ dɪˈʤɛnərətɪv breɪn dɪˈzizɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈpɑrkɪnsənz. ˈsərtən ʤəˈnɛtɪk mjuˈteɪʃənz hæv ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn lɪŋkt tɪ ˈpɑrkɪnsənz, pɑrt əv ðə ˈmaʊntɪŋ ˈɛvədəns ðət rɪsk meɪ bi ˈkɛrid θru ˈfæməliz. ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛvədəns ðət səm ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈtɑksənz maɪt ˌɪnˈkris rɪsk. ˈpɑrkɪnsənz ɪz ə ˈkɑmən dɪˈsɔrdər əˈməŋ ðoʊz ˈoʊvər 60 jɪrz oʊld. əˈbaʊt nu ˈkeɪsɪz ər ˌriˈpɔrtəd iʧ jɪr. sɛd ˈgɪbsən wɪl bi ˈwɛlkəmd bæk tɪ ðə buθ wɪn hi wɔnts tɪ rɪˈtərn, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ. ˈgɪbsən wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ wərk əˈbaʊt 60 ˈtaɪgərz geɪmz ðɪs ˈsizən, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ taɪm tɪ wɔʧ hɪz sən, kæm, pleɪ ˈbeɪsˈbɔl æt ˈmɪʃɪgən steɪt. "ɪts kaɪnd əv ˈʤɑrɪŋ tɪ bi ˈɑnəst wɪθ ju," ˈmɑrioʊ, ðə ˈtaɪgərz' əˈnaʊnsər fər, sɛd əv ðə nuz. "kərk ɪz ə ˈkɑlig ənd ə frɛnd. ɔl wi kən du ɪz hoʊp fər ðə bɛst ənd noʊ hil mit ðɪs θɪŋ hɛd ɔn." fərst wərkt wɪθ ˈgɪbsən ɔn ðə ˈtaɪgərz ˈbrɔdˌkæst ɪn 2002 ənd sɛd ɪt wɑz "ˈsəmˈwət ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪtɪŋ" æt fərst. "hi teɪks θɪŋz hɛd ɔn," sɛd. "hiz ə juˈnik ˌpərsəˈnælɪti ənd aɪ keɪm tɪ lərn ðət ˈoʊvər ðə jɪr ðət aɪ wərkt wɪθ ɪm. bət ðɛrz wən θɪŋ aɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz teɪk əˈweɪ frəm ðət ˈsizən ðət wɑz ˈlɔɪəlti. hiz ˈvɛri lɔɪəl tɪ ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæst, tɪ hɪz ˈtimˌmeɪts ɪn ðə buθ, ənd aɪ θɪŋk ðæts bɪg." ˈfɛloʊ ˈænəlɪst rɑd ˈælən wɪl wərk mɔr geɪmz ɪn ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæst buθ, ˈrəðər ðən ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ, ɪn ˈgɪbsənz ˈæbsəns. "maɪ hɑrt goʊz aʊt tɪ ɪm ənd hɪz ˈfæməli," ˈælən sɛd. "aɪl preɪ fər ɪm ənd hoʊp hi həz ə ʧæns tɪ kəm bæk tɪ ðə ˈbɔlˌpɑrk ənd bi pɑrt əv ðə ˈfæməli ɛz ðə jɪr ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt.", ˈælən ənd ˈgɪbsən wərkt təˈgɛðər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ deɪ ˈbrɔdˌkæst. hɪrz ˈgɪbsənz ˈklɪnʧɪŋ hoʊm rən ɪn ðə 1984 wərld ˈsɪriz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpæˌdreɪz: ðə 1988 ˈnæʃənəl lig hæd wən əv ðə moʊst ˈmɛmərəbəl ˈmoʊmənts ɪn ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ˈhɪstəri wɪθ hɪz ˈlɪmpɪŋ, hoʊm rən ɪn ðə naɪnθ ˈɪnɪŋ əv geɪm 1 əv ðə 1988 wərld ˈsɪriz fər ðə ˈdɑʤərz. ˈpɑrkɪnsənz ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ gɪt ɪts bət kɪkt. #ˈʤɪbi ˈmɑrioʊ (@mario_impemba*) ˈeɪprəl 28 2015 ˈrɑbɪn ərb kənˈtrɪbjutɪd.
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kirk gibson looks on from the dugout steps during a game against the minnesota twins on july 22, 2005. (photo: julian h. gonzalez dfp)
kirk gibson, the tigers great and former michigan state two-sport star, has been diagnosed with parkinson's disease.
gibson, in his first year back as an analyst with fox sports detroit, has been absent from the fsd broadcast booth since the april 6 opening day telecast. he explained why in a statement released tuesday by fsd that also noted he would not grant interviews and requested privacy.
"i have faced many different obstacles in my life, and have always maintained a strong belief that no matter the circumstances, i could overcome those obstacles," gibson, 57, said. "while this diagnosis poses a new kind of challenge for me, i intend to stay true to my beliefs. with the support of my family and friends, i will meet this challenge with the same determination and unwavering intensity that i have displayed in all of my endeavors in life. i look forward to being back at the ballpark as soon as possible."
tigers manager brad ausmus said he saw gibson, 57, briefly in spring training but was unaware.
"obviously feel awful for gibby and his family," ausmus said. "i've known gibby about 15 years, 16 years. he's always been great with me. tremendous person. one of the fiercest competitors i've ever watched.
"i can't see kirk gibson folding up shop and crawling into a corner over this. i don't think that's in his dna."
justin verlander agreed.
"i saw what gibby said about it and no truer words have been spoken from a man like him, he's a fighter through and through," verlander said. "he said this is a new challenge in his life, and he's going to attack it full on.
"obviously you never like to see anybody be diagnosed with anything like that. a guy like gibby, makes it even worse because he's in the tiger family. saw him in spring a bunch. obviously i'm sure it's tough for him and his family. i feel for him."
parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects one's movement. well-known patients include muhammad ali and michael j. fox.
gibson, a native of waterford, was a key member of the tigers' 1984 world championship team. he was with the team in 1979-87 and returned in 1993-95. in between, he played for the los angeles dodgers, kansas city royals and pittsburgh pirates. he was a world series hero for the dodgers in 1988 and won the mvp that season. he hit 255 career home runs with a .268 career average.
"we're all just hoping, praying that things work out," said alan trammell, a teammate with gibson on the 1984 team. "he's a very private person, and i respect that totally."
trammell served as bench coach when gibson managed the arizona diamondbacks in 2010-14 (353-375 record). gibson served as trammell's bench coach when trammell managed the tigers in 2003-05.
"i know he's going to fight it, he's going to battle it because that's what he does," said jack morris, a teammate on the 1984 tigers who will be splitting up analyst duties this season with gibson and rod allen when he's not working on twins broadcasts. "it's a sad day for me because i look at kirk gibson as one of the most athletic, strong, determined guys i've ever known. and a huge part of me. we were a lot alike in that regard.
"he's like a brother to me even though i haven't talked to him a lot in the last few years. he's there because of our history. i called him and left him a message, just wishing him all the best. i'm kind of at a loss for words because i'm still a little shocked by it."
gibson also was a star receiver at msu before turning pro and has been nominated for the college football hall of fame.
parkinson's disease develops slowly, and patients can live long, high-quality lives even after diagnosis. medications and surgery often can control symptoms for years. one treatment involves deep brain stimulation. the procedure is approved by the u.s food and drug administration and involves electrodes that are implanted into the brain and connected to a small electrical device that generates pulses.
still, there is no cure. and over time, the progressive disorder can cause stiffness, slow movement and tremors. those with parkinson's often lose expressions in their face. their speech may be slurred or become soft and low, and their gait might be affected when they walk. over time, a person with parkinson's loses the ability to regulate their movements, body and emotions. simple tasks may become difficult, as well as swallowing and chewing.
parkinson's, itself, is not deadly, but it increases the risks of falls, pneumonia or other deadly complications. it also can be debilitating over time as the brain slowly stops producing the dopamine, a neurotransmitter that relays messages across nerve cells.
precisely why the disease takes hold is unclear.
research suggests traumatic brain injuries boost the odds of developing degenerative brain diseases, including parkinson's. certain genetic mutations have also been linked to parkinson's, part of the mounting evidence that risk may be carried through families. there is also evidence that some environmental toxins might increase risk.
parkinson's is a common disorder among those over 60 years old. about 50,000 new cases are reported each year.
fsd said gibson will be welcomed back to the booth when he wants to return, according to fsd. gibson was supposed to work about 60 tigers games this season, in addition to taking time to watch his son, cam, play baseball at michigan state.
"it's kind of jarring to be honest with you," mario impemba, the tigers' play-by-play announcer for fsd, said of the news. "kirk is a colleague and a friend. all we can do is hope for the best and know he'll meet this thing head on."
impemba first worked with gibson on the tigers broadcast in 2002 and said it was "somewhat intimidating" at first.
"he takes things head on," impemba said. "he's a unique personality and i came to learn that over the year that i worked with him. but there's one thing i'll always take away from that season — that was loyalty. he's very loyal to the broadcast, to his teammates in the booth, and i think that's big."
fellow fsd analyst rod allen will work more games in the broadcast booth, rather than the studio, in gibson's absence.
"my heart goes out to him and his family," allen said. "i'll pray for him and hope he has a chance to come back to the ballpark and be part of the family as the year started out."
impemba, allen and gibson worked together during the opening day broadcast.
here's gibson's clinching home run in the 1984 world series against the padres:
the 1988 national league mvp had one of the most memorable moments in baseball history with his limping, pinch-hit home run in the ninth inning of game 1 of the 1988 world series for the dodgers.
parkinson's is about to get its butt kicked. #gibby — mario impemba (@mario_impemba) april 28, 2015
robin erb contributed.
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si aɪ. ˈrɛlətɪvz, ˈʃeɪki ˈbæləns ɪn laɪf ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl ənd ɔl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənəl stəf aɪ nid tɪ gɪt juzd tɪ. ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs wɛl ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ənd ˈɑrtɪkəl meɪd mi fɔl əsˈlip ɪn 10 ˈmɪnəts! aɪ ləv ɪt ənd aɪ wɪl kip ˈriˈridɪŋ ɪt ˈɛvəri taɪm aɪ hæv fri ˈmɪnəts. θæŋk ju soʊ məʧ fər kəˈlɛktɪŋ ðɪs ˈwɪzdəm ənd ˈʃɛrɪŋ ɪt wɪθ ðə wərld!" mɔr "wən naɪt aɪ ˈkʊdənt fɔl əsˈlip frəm æŋˈzaɪəti ənd ˈnɛgətɪv θɔts əˈbaʊt maɪ (ˈɔlˌmoʊst nu) ˈfæməli ənd sən, ˈəðər boʊ bi. ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈbɛtər naʊ. mɔr "ðə ˌmɛdəˈteɪʃən wɑz soʊ greɪt. aɪ daɪvd ˈɪntu ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd əm ˈhilɪŋ naʊ. aɪ wɑz soʊ strɛst ənd ˈæŋgri, bət θæŋks, əm ə əˈnɑnəməs wɪθ hɑrʃ saʊnz." mɔr "aɪ wɔnt tɪ seɪ ðət ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ mˈjuzɪk ɪz wən əv ðə bɛst ˈsɔrsəz tɪ bi kɑm. bət ˈoʊnli rɪˈlæksɪŋ mˈjuzɪk, nɑt mˈjuzɪk loʊˈbɑtoʊ ˈpɑzətɪv." mɔr "ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, wɪn aɪ fil ˈnərvəs əˈbaʊt ˈsəmθɪŋ, aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz θɪŋk ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈnɛgətɪv. ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl hɛlpt mi tɪ θɪŋk ˈreɪtɪd ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl: ə əˈnɑnəməs "ˈvɛri ˈhɛlpfəl səˈʤɛsʧənz ɔn riˈlisɪŋ ˈtɛnʃən. aɪ laɪk ðə ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən waɪ sloʊ dip ˈbriðɪŋ kən hɛlp." ə əˈnɑnəməs "ˈfilɪŋ nis. ɪt hɛlpt mi tɪ ɑrˈtɪkjəˌleɪt ðə gʊd θɔts. wɛr ðɛr ɪz ə wɪl, ðɛr ɪz ə weɪ." æl ləv "aɪ wɪʃt tɪ noʊ ðə ki tɪ ə ˈpisfəl laɪf ənd ðiz stɛps ər ˈhɛlpɪŋ mi tɪ gɪt ˈkloʊzər tɪ wən." paʊnd ˈlɪzi bɛθ "aɪ ˈrɪli faɪnd ðə bɛst sɔrs fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ɪts fʊl əv positivity*. greɪt wərk!!" ə əˈnɑnəməs "aɪ wɑz duɪŋ səm əv ðiz ˌbiˈfɔr, bət ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ðət ðiz wərk ˈrɪli hɛlpt mi." ə əˈnɑnəməs "kip ɪt əp. jʊr ˈbɛtər ðən ˈmɛni bʊks ənd ˈproʊˌgræmz. ðə 'ˈsɪmpəl' ɪz ˈbrɪljənt." ˈɑli "aɪ æm ˈvɛri ˈbɪzi ðiz deɪz. frəm ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl aɪ noʊ ðət wi ʃʊd steɪ kɑm." tɑ ˈtæmɪl "waʊ! greɪt wən, aɪ wɪʃ tɪ traɪ ðiz ɔl tɪ kip mi kɑm. θæŋks." ʤeɪmz ˈbɛlˌwʊd "ʧeɪnʤd maɪ kɔrs əv ˈhɪstəri fər ðə ˈbɛtər." ə əˈnɑnəməs "aɪ kən bi ən ˈæŋgri ˈpərsən, soʊ ðɪs hɛlpt." ɑr əˈmændə rɔs "ðə hoʊl ˈɑrtɪkəl stʊd aʊt tɪ mi!" tɑ ˈtæmɪl "ə gʊd gɪft tɪ rɪˈlæks. ˈɛvəri taɪm." ˈrɪʧə "hɛlpt tɪ gɪt rɪd əv æŋˈzaɪəti." ˈreɪtɪd ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl:
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si stoyo i. relatives, shaky balance in life in general and all organizational stuff i need to get used to. reading this well organized and to-the-point article made me fall asleep in 10 minutes! i love it and i will keep rereading it every time i have free minutes. thank you so much for collecting this wisdom and sharing it with the world!" ..." more "one night i couldn't fall asleep from anxiety and negative thoughts about my (almost new) family and son, other
bo b. okashah getting better now. :)" ..." more "the meditation was so great. i dived into myself and i'm healing now. i was so stressed and angry, but thanks, i'm
a anonymous with harsh sounds." ..." more "i want to say that listening to music is one of the best sources to be calm. but only relaxing music, not music
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a anonymous "very helpful suggestions on releasing tension. i like the explanation why slow deep breathing can help."
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a anonymous "keep it up. you're better than many books and programs. the 'simple' is brilliant."
ua usman ali "i am very busy these days. from this article i know that we should stay calm."
ta tamil arasu "wow! great one, i wish to try these all to keep me calm. thanks."
jb james bellwood "changed my course of history for the better."
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ar amanda ross "the whole article stood out to me!"
ta tamil arasu "a good gift to relax. every time."
rt richa tiwari "helped to get rid of anxiety." rated this article:
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ə ˈləgʒəri ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl taʊər, ɪn ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd, bɪlt æt 65 beɪ strit baɪ ˈkəʃnər ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd ɪts ˈpɑrtnərz ɪz ɪn ə ˈbumɪŋ ˈwɔtərˌfrənt ˈdɪstrɪkt ɪn ˈʤərzi ˈsɪti. ˈpæsənʤərz əˈweɪt ə treɪn æt ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ laɪt reɪl ˈsteɪʃən. ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst) ˈʤɛrɪd ˈkəʃnər ənd hɪz ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈpɑrtnərz ˈwɔntɪd tɪ teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ə ˈfɛdərəl ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn 2015 ðət wʊd seɪv ðɛm ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz ɛz ðeɪ bɪlt ən ˈɑpjələnt, ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl taʊər ɪn ðɪs ˈbumɪŋ ˈwɔtərˌfrənt ˈdɪstrɪkt, ʤɪst əˈkrɔs ðə ˈhədsən ˈrɪvər frəm loʊər mænˈhætən. ðɛr wɑz ʤɪst wən ˈprɑbləm: ðə ˈproʊˌgræm wɑz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈbɛnəfɪt ˈprɑʤɛkts ɪn pur, ˈɛriəz. soʊ ðə kənˈsəltənts gɑt kriˈeɪtɪv, ˈrɛkərdz ʃoʊ. ðeɪ wərkt wɪθ steɪt əˈfɪʃəlz ɪn nu ˈʤərzi tɪ kəm əp wɪθ ə mæp ðət dɪˈfaɪnd ðə ˈɛriə əraʊnd 65 beɪ strit ɛz ə swɑθ əv lænd ðət strɛʧt ˈnɪrli fɔr maɪəlz ənd ˌɪnˈkludɪd səm əv ðə ˈpurɪst ənd moʊst ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ðeɪ ɪkˈskludɪd səm ˈwɛlθi ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ˈoʊnli blɑks əˈweɪ. ðə ˈtæktɪk ˈkrɪtɪks ˈlaɪkən ɪt tɪ ðə ˌʤɛriˈmændərɪŋ əv ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ˈdɪstrɪkts meɪd ɪt əˈpɪr ðət ðə ˈləgʒəri taʊər wɑz ɪn ən ˈɛriə wɪθ ɛkˌstrɔrdəˈnɛrəli haɪ ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt, əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈkəʃnər ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd ɪts ˈpɑrtnərz tɪ gɪt 50 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˌloʊˈkɔst fɪˈnænsɪŋ θru ðə ˈvizə ˈproʊˌgræm. ðə muv wɑz ˈligəl, ənd ˈəðər dɪˈvɛləpərz hæv juzd ˈsɪmələr ˈstrætəʤiz ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, ˈɔfən ˈeɪdɪd baɪ steɪt əˈfɪʃəlz hu ˈwɛlkəm ðə ˌɪnfˈjuʒən əv kæʃ. bət ɪt ˈɪləˌstreɪts haʊ ˈkəʃnər, hu ræn hɪz ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈkəmpəˌni ˌbiˈfɔr hi bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈsinjər ædˈvaɪzər tɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp, ənd hɪz ˈpɑrtnərz ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtəd ə ˈluˌphoʊl ɪn ə ˈfɛdərəl ˈproʊˌgræm ðət ˈprɑmənənt ˈmɛmbərz əv boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz seɪ həz bɪn pleɪgd baɪ frɔd ənd əˈbjuz. ɔn ðə saʊθ saɪd əv ˈʤərzi ˈsɪti, wɪʧ həz səm əv ðə moʊst ɪnˈtrɛnʧt ˈpɑvərti ɪn ðə nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ˈriʤən, ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ˈɪntərvˌjud wən deɪ læst wik wər səˈpraɪzd ðət ðɛr ˈtrəbəlz wər pɑrt əv ðə ˈrizən ðət 65 beɪ strit gɑt ʧip fɪˈnænsɪŋ. ˈvɛri sad,”*,” sɛd ˈpæstər ˈrɪʧərdsən əv ðə wərld ˈaʊˌtriʧ ˈkrɪsʧɪn ʧərʧ ɪn ðə ˈstrəgəlɪŋ ˈsɛkʃən əv ˈʤərzi ˈsɪti. ““unfortunately*, ðə ˈpipəl hu ər ˈbɛnəfɪtɪŋ frəm ðɪs ər nɑt ðə ˈpipəl ɪn ðɪs area.”*.” ʧərʧ ɪz ɪn ə ˈɛriə wɛr ˈnɪrli 1 ɪn 5 wər ˈʤɑbləs ənd θri ˈfeɪtəl ˈʃutɪŋz əˈkərd ɪn 2015 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ən æˈnælɪsɪs əv kraɪm ənd ˈsɛnsəs ˈdætə. hɪz ˈneɪbərˌhʊd simz ə wərld əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈglimɪŋ ˈɔfəs taʊərz ənd ˈtrɛndi ˌkæˈfeɪz ðət səraʊnd 65 beɪ strit. ðə ˈʤərzi ˈsɪti ˈwɔtərˌfrənt sɔ ə ˈbɪldɪŋ bum ˈæftər ðət trænsˈfɔrmd ðə ˈɛriə ˈɪntu wən əv ðə ˈhɑtəst ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈmɑrkɪts ɪn ðə nu jɔrk ˈmɛˌtroʊ ˈriʤən, drɔɪŋ ˈrɛzɪdənts frəm mænˈhætən ənd ˈbrʊklɪn. əˈpɑrtmənts ɪn ðə beɪ strit ˈbɪldɪŋ, ˈmɑrkətɪd ɛz trəmp beɪ strit, rɛnt fər əp tɪ ə mənθ ənd ˈɔfər sˈwipɪŋ vjuz əv loʊər mænˈhætən. ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ kəmˈjutər treɪn ˈʃətəlz ˈpæsənʤərz tɪ ðə wərld treɪd ˈsɛnər wɪˈθɪn ˈmɪnəts. ðə ˈɛriə wɪˈθɪn ə ˈrəfli ˈreɪdiəs əraʊnd ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ hæd ən ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt reɪt əv ʤɪst pərˈsɛnt ɪn 2015 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛnsəs ˈdætə. ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz əv ˈʤərzi 65 beɪ st*., ðə taʊər ɔn ðə raɪt, juzd ən ˌɪnˈvɛstər ˈvizə ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ əbˈteɪn 50 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˌloʊˈkɔst fɪˈnænsɪŋ. ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst) ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz lɪŋkt 65 beɪ st*. tɪ ˌloʊˈɪnkəm ˈɛriəz, səm ˈnɪrli fɔr maɪəlz əˈweɪ, əˈlaʊɪŋ ɪt tɪ kˈwɑləˌfaɪ ɛz ə zoʊn. ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst) ˈəndər ðə ˈproʊˌgræm, ə ˈwɛlθi ˈfɔrənər kən gɪt ə ˈrɛzɪdəns ˈvizə baɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ æt list ɪn ə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪn ə ɪmˈplɔɪmənt area.”*.” tɪ kˈwɑləˌfaɪ, ðə ˈɛriə məst hæv ən ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt reɪt taɪmz ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈævərɪʤ. fər dɪˈvɛləpərz, ðə tərmz əv ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ər mɔr ˈfeɪvərəbəl ðən ə bæŋk loʊn. ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈwɛðər tɪ əˈdɑpt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðət wʊd prɪˈvɛnt ˌʤɛriˈmændərɪŋ. ˈkəʃnər həz sɛd hi wɪl ˌrɪˈkjuz hɪmˈsɛlf frəm ˈɛni dɪˈskəʃənz ɔn ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. ˈkəʃnər ˈkəmpəˌniz, ˈminˌwaɪl, ɪz ˈrəʃɪŋ tɪ reɪz 150 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˌloʊˈkɔst fɪˈnænsɪŋ θru fər ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪn ˈʤərzi ˈsɪti: ə pɛr əv ˈləgʒəri taʊərz ɪn ən ˈɛriə kɔld ˈʤərnəl skwɛr. ˈsɪstər kɔzd ə stər ðɪs mənθ wɪn ʃi ˈmɛnʃənd hər ˈbrəðər ɪn ə pɪʧ fər ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstərz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə. (ˈmɑnɪkə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst) [ɪn ə ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ ˈbɔˌlrum, ˈkəʃnər ˈfæməli ˈpʊʃɪz visa’*’ tɪ ˈwɛlθi ʧaɪˈniz] fər ðət ˈprɑʤɛkt, tu, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ˈlɪŋkɪŋ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt tɪ ˈblaɪtɪd ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz maɪəlz tɪ ðə saʊθ waɪl ɪkˈskludɪŋ əˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ðət hæv loʊər ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt reɪts, ˈrɛkərdz ʃoʊ. ən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv æt juz. ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən fund-nj*, ə fərm ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈkəʃnər ˈkəmpəˌniz tɪ reɪz ˈməni fər boʊθ ˈprɑʤɛkts, dɪˈfɛndɪd ðə ˈpræktɪs. mɑrk, ʧif ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈɔfɪsər, kɔld ɪt ə sense”*” əˈproʊʧ ðət rɪˈflɛkts ðə ˈbrɔdər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌriˈæləˌti əv iʧ sərˈaʊndɪŋz. hi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ʤɑbz kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt kʊd bi fɪld baɪ ˈwərkərz frəm ðə dɪˈprɛst ˈɛriəz ˈoʊnli maɪəlz əˈweɪ. lɑrʤ ˈərbən ˈmɑrkɪts laɪk ˈʤərzi ˈsɪti ðiz taɪps əv ril ɛˈsteɪt dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈprɑʤɛkts kriˈeɪt ʤɑbz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ðə kənˈstrəkʃən ˈɪndəstri əˈkrɔs ˈɛriəz əv ðə ˈsɪti ðət ˈkəvər ˈməltəpəl ˈsɛnsəs tracts,”*,” sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. ˈsɛnsəs trækts ər ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ɛz smɔl ɛz ə fju blɑks ɪn ˈɛriə. sɛd ðə beɪ strit ˈprɑʤɛkt kriˈeɪtɪd mɔr ðən kənˈstrəkʃən ənd ˈəðər ʤɑbz ənd ðət 1 ˈʤərnəl skwɛr ɪz prɑˈʤɛktəd tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈəndər ðə ˈproʊˌgræm, iʧ ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt məst kriˈeɪt æt list 10 ʤɑbz. ðə ˈkrɪtɪks seɪ ðət təˈgɛðər ˈməltəpəl ˈsɛnsəs trækts tɪ pʊʃ əp ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt reɪt tu ˈɔfən ˈbɛnəfɪts dɪˈvɛləpərz ənd ˈɛriəz ðət du nɑt nid ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hɛlp. ðeɪ pɔɪnt tɪ ˈprɑʤɛkts ɪn ˈprɑspərəs ˈɛriəz əv mænˈhætən, ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ənd ɪn ˈbɛvərli hɪlz, ˈkælɪf. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt kæps ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈvizəz ɪt ˈɪʃuz iʧ jɪr, ənd moʊst əv ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt goʊz tɪ ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl ˈprɑʤɛkts ɪn ˈprɑspərəs ˈɛriəz. əv ðiz ˈprɑʤɛkts wʊd hæv bɪn bɪlt ənd ʤɑbz kriˈeɪtɪd wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˌɪnfˈjuʒən əv capital,”*,” sɛd ˈgɛri ˈfridlənd, ə ˈskɑlər ɪn ˈrɛzɪdəns æt nu jɔrk stərn skul əv ˈbɪznɪs. ““consequently*, dɪˈzərvɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkts bi bɪlt ənd ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ ʤɑbz ər lɔst bɪˈkəz ðə ˈprɑʤɛkts ər dɪˈpraɪvd əv ðə ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈkæpɪtəl tɪ proceed.”*.” ə ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən fər ˈkəʃnər ˈkəmpəˌniz dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt, ɛz dɪd ˈʤɛrɪd ˈspoʊksmən. ˈʤɛrɪd ˈkəʃnər həz soʊld hɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn 1 ˈʤərnəl skwɛr bət meɪnˈteɪnz ən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp steɪk ɪn 65 beɪ strit. ðə grup, ə ˈpɑrtnər ɪn ðə ˈləgʒəri taʊər ɔn beɪ strit, ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt. ˈprɑmənəns ɪz drɔɪŋ rɪˈnud əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə juz əv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs tɪ reɪz fɪˈnænsɪŋ, wɪʧ həz bɪn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv jɪrz əv dəˈbeɪt ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs ənd fˈjʊriəs ˈlɑbiɪŋ baɪ ðə ril ɛˈsteɪt ˈɪndəstri. ə ˈraɪtər fər ðə ˈpɑləsi ˈmægəˌzin ˈsɪti ənd steɪt, wɪʧ ˈpəblɪʃt ðə mæps fər boʊθ ˈprɑʤɛkts læst wik, roʊt ɪn ə ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ðət ðə ˈprɑʤɛkts meɪd mockery”*” əv ˌɪnˈtɛnt. ɪn ˈɪntərvˌjuz əˈlɔŋ ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ draɪv ɪn ˈʤərzi ˈsɪti læst wik, ðɛr wɑz ə ˈkɑmən riˈækʃən. laɪk biɪŋ used,”*,” sɛd ˈhɛlən ˈgæðərz, ə ˈrɛʤɪstərd nərs hu həz lɪvd ɪn ˈʤərzi ˈsɪti fər 38 jɪrz. daʊn ðə blɑk, pɛn, ə hu wɑz riˈlist frəm ˈprɪzən ɪn ˈərli 2016 ˈæftər ə kənˈvɪkʃən, wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ɪmˈplɔɪmənt. hi hæd bɪn ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ˈstɛdi wərk ɪn kənˈstrəkʃən fər mɔr ðən sɪks mənθs, hi sɛd, bət hæd faʊnd ˈoʊnli ˈtɛmpərˌɛri deɪ ʤɑbz. naʊ, ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ pɪk əp səm aʊərz, hi stɑpt baɪ ə lɔt wɛr ə frɛnd wɑz duɪŋ ˈkɑnˌtrækt ˌdɛməˈlɪʃən wərk. pɛn sɛd ðə bɪlt ɪn ˈʤərzi ˈsɪti ər ˈtɪpɪkəli ˈjunjən ʤɑbz. ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ðə ˈjunjən ɪf ju hæv ˌsərtəfəˈkeɪʃən ər experience,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈtrævələrz əˈweɪt treɪnz ɔn ðə laɪt reɪl laɪn, wɪʧ rənz nɪr ðə 65 beɪ st*. dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst) pɛn, lɛft, hu ɪz ˈsikɪŋ ə ʤɑb ɪn kənˈstrəkʃən, ənd ˈstivən praɪs, ə kənˈstrəkʃən ˈwərkər, tɔk əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈʤərzi ˈsɪti ˈneɪbərˌhʊd. ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst) ðə ˈproʊˌgræm wɑz ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ɪn 1990 tɪ hɛlp əˈtrækt ˈfɔrən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt tɪ ˈrʊrəl ənd pur ˈərbən ˈɛriəz ðət hæv ˈtrəbəl drɔɪŋ kənˈvɛnʃənəl fɪˈnænsɪŋ ər ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt. bət dɪˈvɛləpərz ər fri tɪ strɪŋ təˈgɛðər ən ˈɛndləs ˈnəmbər əv kənˈtɪgjuəs ˈsɛnsəs trækts ənˈtɪl ðeɪ riʧ ðə ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt θˈrɛˌʃoʊld. ɪn ðə jɪrz sɪns ðə greɪt ˌriˈsɛʃən, ðɪs həz ˈɔfən mɛnt ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðə ˈnɪrəst pur ˈɛriə ənd drɔɪŋ ə laɪn tɪ ɪt. ˈdɑkjəmənts əbˈteɪnd frəm nu ˈʤərzi θru ə ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛkərdz rɪkˈwɛst ʃoʊ ʤɪst haʊ ˈizi ðət wɑz fər ˈkəʃnər ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd grup ɛz ðeɪ sɔt tɪ bɪld ðə beɪ strit taʊər. ɔn meɪ 6 2015 ˈmaɪkəl keɪ. ˈɛvənz, ə kənˈsəltənt ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt, sɛnt ən iˈmeɪl tɪ ən əˈfɪʃəl ɪn ðə nu ˈʤərzi dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈleɪbər ˈæskɪŋ ðət ðə beɪ strit vɪˈsɪnɪti bi dimd ən ˈɛriə wɪθ haɪ ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt. ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl steɪts ər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər rivˈjuɪŋ ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈdætə ənd ˈɪʃuɪŋ ˈlɛtərz ˈsərtəˌfaɪɪŋ ðət ˈprɑʤɛkts kˈwɑləˌfaɪ fər ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈproʊˌgræm. ˈɛvənz roʊt ðət səʧ ən ˈɛriə kʊd bi kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ 26 ˈsɛnsəs trækts ɪn ˈʤərzi ˈsɪti ðət strɛʧ mɔr ðən tu maɪəlz tɪ ðə ˌnɔrθˈwɛst ənd θri maɪəlz tɪ ðə ˌsaʊθˈwɛst. klaɪənt ɛz ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪz ɪn ə greɪt ˈhəri soʊ ɪf ju kən ˈiˌmeɪl mi ðə ˈlɛtər ɛz sun ɛz ɪt ɪz ˈfɪnɪʃt ɪt wʊd bi appreciated,”*,” ˈɛvənz roʊt. ˈɛvənz dɪd nɑt rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ə rɪkˈwɛst fər ˈkɑmɛnt. ðɛr wɑz ə ˈprɑbləm, ðoʊ. ˈprɑbəˌbli bɪˈkəz ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz wər ˈjuzɪŋ ˈaʊtˌdeɪtɪd ˈsɛnsəs ˈdætə, ðə trækts wər nɑt kənˈtɪgjuəs ənd ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ˌɪtˈsɛlf. θri wiks ˈleɪtər, ðə steɪt roʊt bæk ðət ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt kˈwɑləˌfaɪd ˈəndər ə ˈdɪfərənt bət ˈsɪmələrli əˈtɛnjuˌeɪtɪd kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ðət əˈʧivd ðə seɪm goʊl. nu steɪt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt sɪz ɪt wɪl hɛlp dɪˈvɛləpərz ə ˈspɛʃəl ˌtæbjəˈleɪʃən fər ðə area”*” əv ðɛr ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈjuzɪŋ ˈsɛnsəs ˈdætə. ðə mæp strəŋ təˈgɛðər 16 ˈsɛnsəs trækts ðət wɛnt ˈnɪrli fɔr maɪəlz tɪ ðə ˌsaʊθˈwɛst, ˈkrɔsɪŋ ðə nu ˈʤərzi ˈtərnˌpaɪk ənd ˈhɛdɪŋ saʊθ tɪ ðə ənd ˈgrinvɪl ˈɛriəz. təˈgɛðər, ðoʊz ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz hæd ən ˈævərɪʤ ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt reɪt ðət ɛʤd ʤɪst haɪər ðən pərˈsɛnt, ðə kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ reɪt æt ðə taɪm. ðət ˈlaɪkli seɪvd ˈkəʃnər ənd hɪz ˈpɑrtnərz ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz. dɪˈvɛləpərz ˈtɪpɪkəli peɪ ˈoʊnli 4 tɪ 8 pərˈsɛnt ˈɪntəˌrɛst ˈænjuəli ɔn ˈməni reɪzd θru ˈɛkspərts sɛd. kənˈvɛnʃənəl fɪˈnænsɪŋ kən ˈkɛri ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts əv bɪtˈwin 12 ənd 18 pərˈsɛnt. ɔn ðə 50 ˈmɪljən fər beɪ strit, ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ˈɪntəˌrɛst ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈmaʊnts tɪ ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz ˈænjuəli ˈoʊvər ðə laɪf əv ðə loʊn. ɔn ʤæn. 5 ə ˈlɪtəl ˈoʊvər tu wiks ˌbiˈfɔr trəmp wɑz tɪ teɪk ˈɔfəs, əˈnəðər kənˈsəltənt ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ˈkəʃnər ˈkəmpəˌniz gɑt ɪn təʧ wɪθ nu ˈʤərzi steɪt əˈfɪʃəlz əˈgɛn. ðɪs taɪm, ɪt wɑz əˈbaʊt 1 ˈʤərnəl skwɛr. ðə ˈsɛnsəs trækt wɛr ɪt ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd hæd ən ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt reɪt əv pərˈsɛnt ɪn 2015 bət ðə kənˈsəltənt səˈʤɛstɪd ˈædɪŋ faɪv ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz tɪ ˈtrɪpəl ðət ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt reɪt. ðə əˈpruvəl keɪm fɔr deɪz ˈleɪtər, ˈrɛkərdz ʃoʊ. ˈsɪstər wɛnt tɪ ˈʧaɪnə ɪn meɪ ˈsikɪŋ ðə 150 ˈmɪljən ɪn fɪˈnænsɪŋ. ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən wɪl ˌdɪˈsaɪd ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ mənθs ˈwɛðər tɪ ɪˈnækt rulz, prəˈpoʊzd baɪ ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ˈlɪmətɪŋ ðə ˈsɛnsəs trækts ðət kən bi kənˈsɪdərd fər ˌɛlɪʤəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ˈoʊnli ðoʊz dɪˈrɛkli əˈʤeɪsənt tɪ ðə trækt kənˈteɪnɪŋ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ðə prəˈpoʊzəl ɪz biɪŋ kənˈsɪdərd baɪ ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ʤɑn ˈkɛli. ˈəndər ðə prəˈpoʊzd rulz, ˈniðər ðə 65 beɪ strit taʊər nɔr ðə prəˈpoʊzd 1 ˈʤərnəl skwɛr ˈprɑʤɛkt wʊd bi ɪn ə ɪmˈplɔɪmənt area.”*.” æt ə ˈsteɪʃən nɪr 65 beɪ st*., ˈpæsənʤərz weɪt fər treɪnz ɔn ðə laɪt reɪl laɪn. ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst) ə sin ɔn ə ˈrisənt ˈreɪni deɪ əˈlɔŋ ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ draɪv ɪn ˈʤərzi ˈsɪti. ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst) ˈændru ˌbiˈeɪ træn kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt. ðə faɪlz ənd ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi juzd ɪn ðə ˈdætə æˈnælɪsɪs fər ðɪs ˈstɔri kən bi faʊnd hir.
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a luxury 50-story residential tower, in the background, built at 65 bayreet by kushner companies and its partners is in a booming waterfront district in jersey city. passengers await a train at a nearby light railation. (yana paskova/for the washington post)
jared kushner and his real estate partners wanted to take advantage of a federal program in 2015 that would save them millions of dollars as they built an opulent, 50-story residential tower in this city’s booming waterfront district, just across the hudson river from lower manhattan.
there was just one problem: the program was designed to benefit projects in poor, job-starved areas.
so the project’s consultants got creative, records show.
they worked withate officials in new jersey to come up with a map that defined the area around 65 bayreet as a swath of land thatretched nearly four miles and included some of the city’s poorest and most crime-ridden neighborhoods. at the same time, they excluded some wealthy neighborhoods only blocks away.
the tactic — critics liken it to the gerrymandering of legislative districts — made it appear that the luxury tower was in an area with extraordinarily high unemployment, allowing kushner companies and its partners to get $50 million in low-cost financing through the eb-5 visa program.
the move was legal, and other developers have used similarrategies in recent years, often aided byate officials who welcome the infusion of cash. but it illustrates how kushner, who ran his family’s real estate company before he became a senior adviser to president trump, and his partners exploited a loophole in a federal program that prominent members of both parties say has been plagued by fraud and abuse.
on the south side of jersey city, which has some of the most entrenched poverty in the new york city region, many people interviewed one day last week were surprised that their neighborhood’s troubles were part of the reason that 65 bayreet got cheap financing.
“that’s very sad,” said pastor shyrone richardson of the world outreach christian church in theruggling bergen-lafayette section of jersey city. “unfortunately, the people who are benefiting from this are not the people in this area.”
richardson’s church is in a five-block area where nearly 1 in 5 were jobless and three fatal shootings occurred in 2015, according to an analysis of crime and census data.
his neighborhood seems a world away from the gleaming office towers and trendy cafes that surround 65 bayreet. the jersey city waterfront saw a building boom after 9/11 that transformed the area into one of the hottest real estate markets in the new york metro region, drawing residents from manhattan and brooklyn.
apartments in the bayreet building, marketed as trump bayreet, rent for up to $4,700 a month and offer sweeping views of lower manhattan. a nearby commuter train shuttles passengers to the world trade center within minutes. the area within a roughly three-block radius around the building had an unemployment rate of just 2.6 percent in 2015, according to census data.
the developers of jersey city’s 65 bay., the tower on the right, used an investor visa program to obtain $50 million in low-cost financing. (yana paskova/for the washington post)
the developers linked 65 bay. to low-income areas, some nearly four miles away, allowing it to qualify as a high-unemployment zone. (yana paskova/for the washington post)
under the eb-5 program, a wealthy foreigner can get a fast-track residence visa by investing at least $500,000 in a project in a “targeted employment area.” to qualify, the area must have an unemployment rate 1.5 times the national average. for developers, the terms of the investment are more favorable than a bank loan.
the trump administration is considering whether to adopt changes that would prevent eb-5 gerrymandering. kushner has said he will recuse himself from any discussions on the program.
kushner companies, meanwhile, is rushing to raise $150 million in low-cost financing through eb-5 for a separate project in jersey city: a pair of luxury towers in an area called journal square. kushner’s sister caused air this month when she mentioned her brother in a pitch for the project to investors in china.
(monica akhtar/the washington post)
[in a beijing ballroom, kushner family pushes $500,000 ‘investor visa’ to wealthy chinese]
for that project, too, the company is linking the development to blighted neighborhoods miles to the south while excluding adjoining neighborhoods that have lower unemployment rates, records show.
an executive at u.s. immigration fund-nj, a firm helping kushner companies to raise eb-5 money for both projects, defended the practice. mark giresi, chief operating officer, called it a “common sense” approach that reflects the broader economic reality of each project’s surroundings. he also said jobs created by the project could be filled by workers from the depressed areas only miles away.
“in large urban markets like jersey city these types of real estate development projects create much-needed jobs, particularly in the construction industry across areas of the city that cover multiple census tracts,” giresi said in aatement. census tracts are government-defined neighborhoods, sometimes as small as a few blocks in area.
giresi said the bayreet project created more than 1,280 construction and other jobs and that 1 journal square is projected to create 6,600. under the eb-5 program, each $500,000 investment must create at least 10 jobs.
the program’s critics say that cobbling together multiple census tracts to push up the average unemployment rate too often benefits developers and areas that do not need the government help. they point to eb-5 projects in prosperous areas of manhattan, downtown washington and in beverly hills, calif.
the government caps the number of eb-5 visas it issues each year, and most of the resulting investment goes to high-profile projects in prosperous areas.
“many of these affluent-area projects would have been built and jobs created without the infusion of eb-5 capital,” said gary friedland, a scholar in residence at new york university’sern school of business. “consequently, deserving projects can’t be built and the resulting jobs are lost because the projects are deprived of the essential capital to proceed.”
a spokeswoman for kushner companies declined to comment, as did jared kushner’s spokesman.
jared kushner has sold his interest in 1 journal square but maintains an ownershipake in 65 bayreet. the kabr group, a partner in the luxury tower on bayreet, also declined to comment.
kushner’s prominence is drawing renewed attention to the use of the eb-5 process to raise financing, which has been the subject of years of debate in congress and furious lobbying by the real estate industry. a writer for the policy magazine city andate, which published the maps for both projects last week, wrote in a commentary that the projects made “a mockery” of eb-5’s intent.
in interviews along martin luther king drive in jersey city last week, there was a common reaction. “it’s like we’re being used,” said helen gathers, a registered nurse who has lived in jersey city for 38 years.
down the block, laville penn, a 54-year-old who was released from prison in early 2016 after a drug-possession conviction, was looking for employment. he had been searching foready work in construction for more than six months, he said, but had found only temporary day jobs.
now, hoping to pick up some hours, heopped by a lot where a friend was doing contract demolition work. penn said the high-rises built in jersey city are typicallyn jobs. “it’s difficult to get into then if you don’t have certification or experience,” he said.
travelers await trains on the hudson-bergen light rail line, which runs near the 65 bay. development. (yana paskova/for the washington post)
laville penn, left, who is seeking a job in construction, andeven price, a construction worker, talk about their jersey city neighborhood. (yana paskova/for the washington post)
the eb-5 program was initiated in 1990 to help attract foreign investment to rural and poor urban areas that have trouble drawing conventional financing or investment.
but developers are free toring together an endless number of contiguous census tracts until they reach the unemployment threshold. in the years since the great recession, this has often meant finding the nearest poor area and drawing a line to it.
documents obtained from new jersey through a public records request show just how easy that was for kushner companies and kabr group as they sought to build the bayreet tower.
on may 6, 2015, michael k. evans, a consultant working on behalf of the project, sent an email to an official in the new jersey department of labor asking that the bayreet vicinity be deemed an area with high unemployment. individualates are responsible for reviewing unemployment data and issuing letters certifying that projects qualify for the federal program.
evans wrote that such an area could be created by combining 26 census tracts in jersey city thatretch more than two miles to the northwest and three miles to the southwest.
“the client as always is in a great hurry so if you can e-mail me the letter as soon as it is finished it would be appreciated,” evans wrote. evans did not respond to a request for comment.
there was a problem, though. probably because the developers were using outdated census data, the tracts were not contiguous — and didn’t include the project itself.
three weeks later, theate wrote back that the project qualified under a different but similarly attenuated configuration that achieved the same goal. new jersey’sate website says it will help developers “perform a special tabulation for the area” of their project using census data.
theate-approved maprung together 16 census tracts that went nearly four miles to the southwest, crossing the new jersey turnpike and heading south to the bergen-lafayette and greenville areas. together, those neighborhoods had an average unemployment rate that edged just higher than 9.3 percent, the qualifying rate at the time.
that likely saved kushner and his partners millions of dollars.
developers typically pay only 4 to 8 percent interest annually on money raised through eb-5, experts said. conventional financing can carry interest rates of between 12 and 18 percent. on the $50 million for bayreet, the difference in interest charges amounts to millions of dollars annually over the life of the loan.
on jan. 5, a little over two weeks before trump was to take office, another consultant working on behalf of kushner companies got in touch with new jerseyate officials again. this time, it was about 1 journal square. the census tract where it is located had an unemployment rate of 2.9 percent in 2015, but the consultant suggested adding five neighborhoods to triple that unemployment rate.
the approval came four days later, records show. kushner’s sister went to china in may seeking the $150 million in eb-5 financing.
the trump administration will decide in the coming months whether to enact rules, proposed by the obama administration, limiting the census tracts that can be considered for eb-5 eligibility to only those directly adjacent to the tract containing the development.
the proposal is being considered by homeland security secretary john kelly. under the proposed rules, neither the 65 bayreet tower nor the proposed 1 journal square project would be in a “targeted employment area.”
at aation near 65 bay., passengers wait for trains on the hudson-bergen light rail line. (yana paskova/for the washington post)
a scene on a recent rainy day along martin luther king drive in jersey city. (yana paskova/for the washington post)
andrew ba tran contributed to this report. the files and methodology used in the data analysis for thisory can be found here.
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dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ðə ʃɛl əˈsɛmblɪʤ ɔl kəmˈplit ʃɛl ˈspɛsəmənz wər ˈmɛʒərd wɪθ ə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkæləpər. lɛŋθ wɑz ˈmɛʒərd əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst ˈæksəs əv ðə ʃɛl; ðə haɪt ɪz ðə ˈmæksəməm lɛŋθ ˌpərpənˈdɪkjələr tɪ ðə lɔŋ ˈæksəs. iʧ vælv wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ə juˈnik ˈnəmbər (fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, dub5234b-l*) kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv ðə duˈbɔɪs ˈkætəˌlɔg ˈnəmbər əˈsaɪnd baɪ duˈbɔɪs ənd hɪz əˈsɪstənt ˈbərnsən tɪ ə lot”*” kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə ˈlɛtər fər iʧ ˈspɛsəmən frəm ðət bɑks, ənd ə ˈhaɪfən pləs ən ɛl ər ɑr ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪŋ ə lɛft ər raɪt vælv, rɪˈspɛktɪvli. ðiz tu ˈlɛtərz wər ˈædɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˈstədi tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən əv iʧ ʃɛl ˈspɛsəmən ɪn ə fild lɔt. wi ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈwɛðər ʃɛlz kənˈsɪstɪd əv ˈsɪŋgəl ər pɛrd, stɪl kəˈnɛktɪd vælvz, ənd ɪn ðə ˈlætər keɪs, ˈwɛðər ðə vælvz wər kloʊzd ər ˈpɑrʃəli ˈoʊpən. ðə vælv ˈɛriə wɑz dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntu ˈsɛvən zoʊnz si fɪg.), ənd ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ˈbreɪkɪʤ, ˈɛʧɪŋ, ˌdɪsəˈluʃən pɪts, desquamation*, əˈbreɪʒən, hoʊlz ənd gruvz wɑz rɪˈkɔrdɪd fər iʧ zoʊn. ˈsɛdəmənt æˈnælɪsɪs tɪ əbˈteɪn ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðə ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃənəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt əv ənd ðə ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃənəl ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ʃɛlz, wi kənˈdəktəd ˈsɛdəmənt æˈnælɪsɪs ɔn tu ʃɛl. θɪn ˈsɛkʃənz wər prəˈdust frəm ʃɛl ənd baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ tu ˈvərtɪkəl əˈlɔŋ boʊθ ðə lɛŋθ ənd ðə wɪdθ əv ðə, ˈjuzɪŋ ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðə θɪn ˈsɛkʃənz wər ˈsəbsəkwəntli dɪˈskraɪbd ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðə ɪz əˈblikli ˈɔriˌɛntɪd wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ ðə ʃɛl ˈæksəs. kəmˈpɛrəsən əv əˈsɛmblɪʤ tɪ ˈrisənt ʃɛlz lɛŋθ ənd haɪt ˈdætə əv ðə ˈfɑsəl duˈbɔɪs 1908 ʃɛlz frəm wər kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ðoʊz ˈmɛʒərd ɔn ˈrisənt li 1840 kəˈlɛktəd baɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈrisərʧərz ɔn ˈʤɑvə. ðiz ʃɛlz ər pɑrt əv ðə kəˈlɛkʃənz haʊzd æt ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈhɪstəri mˈjuziəm ɪn leiden*, ðə ˈnɛðərləndz. ðə kəˈlɛktərz ər: ˈdəbəlju. si. væn heurn*, hu ɪn 1935 kəˈlɛktəd nɪr æt θri ˈdɪfərənt loʊˈkeɪʃənz neɪmd (ɛn 24 ˈspɛsəmənz), (ɛn 40 ənd (ɛn 34 (ɛn 20 ənd groʊn (ɛn 12 hu boʊθ kəˈlɛktəd ɔn ˈʤɑvə (noʊ ˈfərðər ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən əv loʊˈkeɪʃən). ɪn əˈdɪʃən, wi ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə kəmˈpɛrəsən ðə ˈdætə ðət wi əbˈteɪnd frəm ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ə ˈfrɛʃˌwɔtər ˈbaɪˌvælv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈfɪləpsən 1788 ɛn 50 ˈsæmpəld baɪ ɛl. pæˈskæl frəm ðə seɪn ˈrɪvər (neuilly*, fræns) ɪn 1849 (rɛf. 26 ðɪs kəˈlɛkʃən ɪz haʊzd æt ðə ˈnæʃənəl ɪn ˈpɛrɪs, fræns. ɔl ˈmɛʒərmənts wər dən wɪθ ə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkæləpər. lɛŋθ wɑz ˈmɛʒərd əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst ˈæksəs əv ðə ʃɛl; ðə haɪt ɪz ðə ˈmæksəməm lɛŋθ ˌpərpənˈdɪkjələr tɪ ðə lɔŋ ˈæksəs. ˈɛksˌreɪ ˌflʊˈrɛsəns æˈnælɪˌsiz tɪ əˈsɛs ðə ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti əv ðə wi kənˈdəktəd ˈməltəpəl ˈɛksˌreɪ ˌflʊˈrɛsəns (xrf*) æˈnælɪˌsiz ɔn ənd ˈfɑsəl boʊnz frəm ðə ənd frəm ðə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ saɪt (si ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈdætə fɪg.), ənd ɔn ə ˈmɑdərn ˈjumən ˈfimər ˈprɛzənt ɪn ðə duˈbɔɪs kəˈlɛkʃən. ðɪs æˈnælɪsɪs ˈmɛθəd ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈkɛmɪkəl æˈnælɪsɪs ðət wi kʊd əˈplaɪ tɪ ðə boʊnz, sɪns ˈɛni ˈmɛθəd ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ðə ˈdrɪlɪŋ əv ˈpaʊdər aʊt əv ðə ˈfɑsəl boʊn, ər ˈtrænspɔrt əv ðə ˈfɑsəl boʊnz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd, wɑz nɑt əˈlaʊd. ˈdætə wər əkˈwaɪərd ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈhænˌdhɛld ˈpɔrtəbəl dɪˈvaɪs, ə ˈθərmoʊ ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk wɪθ dɪˈtɛktər ɪkˈwɪpt wɪθ ə ˈsɪlvər ˈæˌnoʊd ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ æt ə ˈmæksəməm əv 50 ənd 40 mɑ. ðə dɪˈvaɪs ɪz wɛl ˈsutɪd fər ðə ˈmɛʒərmənt əv əp tɪ 25 ˈɛləmənts ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli ɪn ðə ˌænəˈlɪtɪkəl reɪnʤ bɪtˈwin ɛs (əˈtɑmɪk ˈnəmbər 16 ənd ju (əˈtɑmɪk ˈnəmbər 92 ɛz wɛl ɛz laɪt ˈɛləmənts (mg*, æl, si, pi ənd cl*). ˈlaɪtər ˈɛləmənts səʧ ɛz ɛf (əˈtɑmɪk ˈnəmbər 9 ˈkænɑt bi ˈmɛʒərd wɪθ ðɪs dɪˈvaɪs. ðə dɪˈvaɪs ɪz ənd ˈfərðər sɔɪl ˈrɛfərəns məˈtɪriəl wɑz ˈmɛʒərd fər ɪkˈstərnəl stændərdɪˈzeɪʃən. ɔl æˈnælɪˌsiz wər pərˈfɔrmd ɪn bəlk moʊd mode’*’). ɔl ˈfɑsəl boʊnz wər ˈmɛʒərd dɪˈrɛkli baɪ hænd, wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl (frəm fɔr əp tɪ ˈsɛvən) ˈmɛʒərmənts pər ˈfɑsəl, æt ˈdɪfərənt spɑts ɔn ðə boʊn wɛr ðə ˈsərfəs wɑz flæt. iʧ ˈmɛʒərmənt ˈlæstɪd 110 ɛs, ˈjuzɪŋ fɔr ˈdɪfərənt ˈɛnərʤi ˈsɛtɪŋz fər laɪt (æl, si, pi, ɛs, cl*), loʊ (ˈsiˈeɪ, keɪ, sc*, ti), meɪn frəm vi ənˈtɪl ˈeɪˈgi ənd frəm oʊ ənˈtɪl pb*) ənd haɪ zi ˈɛləmənts (ˈeɪˈgi ənˈtɪl oʊ). ˈɪtriəm (waɪ) ˈkɑntɛnts ər nɑt ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr, soʊ rɑ kaʊnts ər ɛkˈstræktɪd frəm ðə waɪ laɪn kev*) ənd kərˈɛktɪd fər ðə ˈsiˈeɪ jild. ðɪs pik ˈoʊvərˌlæps wɪθ ðə laɪn, bət ˈkɑntɛnts ɛz dəraɪvd frəm ðə laɪn ər tu loʊ tɪ hæv ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ðə waɪ kaʊnts. ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl ˈoʊpənɪŋ əv ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈbaɪˌvælv tɪ əˈsɛs haʊ ðə hoʊlz əbˈzərvd ɪn ˈfɑsəl ʃɛlz kʊd hæv bɪn meɪd, wi kənˈdəktəd ˈoʊpənɪŋ ɪkˈspɛrəmənts wɪθ ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈfrɛʃˌwɔtər ˈməsəlz ðət ər ˈkɑmprəbəl ɪn saɪz, ʃɛl ˈθɪknəs ənd ˈstrəkʧər tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɪŋkt ˈspiʃiz frəm. ðə ʃɛl ˈmeɪtrɪks əv ˈlɪvɪŋ ʃɛlz kənˈsɪsts əv ə θɪk ˌoʊvərˈlaɪɪŋ leɪərz ənd kənˈteɪnz ɔrˈgænɪk məˈtɪriəl, wɪʧ prəˈvaɪdz boʊθ strɛŋθ ənd ˌiˌlæˈstɪsəti. ˈæftər dɛθ əv ðə, ðə ʃɛl məˈtɪriəl bɪˈkəmz mɔr ˈrɪʤɪd ənd ˈbrɪtəl oʊɪŋ tɪ ˌdɛgrəˈdeɪʃən əv ɔrˈgænɪk ˈmætər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə draɪɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs. wi ˈðɛrˌfɔr pərˈfɔrmd ðiz ɪkˈspɛrəmənts ɔn ˈlɪvɪŋ ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈrisəntli dɛd ər ˈfɑsəl ˈməsəlz. wi juzd wən ˈlɪvɪŋ 1801 frəm nouâtres*, ˈrɪvər (fræns), ənd wən 1826 frəm ðə ˈrɪvər, ˈkɔrsɪkə (fræns). ðə tu ˈspɛsəmənz wər kɛpt əˈlaɪv ɪn ən əkˈwɛriəm ənˈtɪl ðə taɪm əv ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənts. sɪns ɑr ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl ˈrisərʧ ɔn ðə ɪnˈgreɪvd ʃɛl (si bɪˈloʊ) hæd ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət ə ʃɑrk tuθ wɑz ðə moʊst ˈlaɪkli tul juzd tɪ meɪk ðə ɪnˈgreɪvɪŋ, wi juzd ə ʃɑrk tuθ ɛz ə tul tɪ ɪkˌspɛrəˈmɛntəli ˈpərfərˌeɪt lɪv ʃɛlz. kəmˈpjutɪd toʊˈmoʊgræˌfi (kɔrt) skænz əv ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈbaɪˌvælv ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ ɪkˈspɛrəmənts (si əˈbəv), ðə tu lɪv ˈspɛsəmənz wər ˈteɪkən tɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ əv mɑrˈsaɪl nɔrd, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əbˈteɪn kɔrt skænz, juzd ɛz ðə ˈbeɪsɪs fər ə ˈvɪdioʊ ˌænəˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə ʃɛlz (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri ˈvɪdioʊ 1 ðə ˈspɛsəmənz wər skænd ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈsimənz sɛnˈseɪʃən ˈkɑrdiˌæk 64 ˈskænər, ˈjildɪŋ ə 512 512 ˈpɪksəl ˈmeɪtrɪks. ˌækwəˈzɪʃən ˌspɛsəfəˈkeɪʃənz wər: slaɪs ˈθɪknəs (ɪn) speɪs bɪtˈwin sˈlaɪsɪz (ɪn) sɔrs pik ˈvoʊltɪʤ (ɪn) 100 ˈkɑrənt (ɪn mɑ) 220 ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtər paʊər (ɪn kw*) 22 ðə kɔrt skænz wər ˈprɑsɛst wɪθ (ˈtritmənt ənd ˌɪnˈkrist ˈvɪʒən fər ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ) ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpt baɪ ˈbrunoʊ dutailly*. ðɪs ˈproʊˌgræm (http://www.pacea.u-bordeaux1.fr/tivmi*/) wɑz dɪˈzaɪnd fər ənd ˌænθrəpəˈlɑʤəkəl ˈrisərʧ. ˈɔfərz ən ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˌkɑmpjəˈteɪʃən əv ðə wɪʧ hɛlps tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ, ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli əv ðə ˈjuzər, ðə ɪgˈzækt ˈɪnərˌfeɪs bɪtˈwin tu ˈdɪfərənt ˈtɪʃuz ər məˈtɪriəlz. ɪn θri dɪˈmɛnʃənz, ðə ɪz kəmˈpjutɪd æt iʧ fər ɛkˈstræktɪŋ ə ənd rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈðɛrˌfɔr, θˌrizdɪˈmɛnʃənəl ˈsərfəsɪz əv ðə ʃɛl ənd ˈmæntəl wər ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ɛkˈstræktɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs θˌrizdɪˈmɛnʃənəl ˈælgərˌɪðəm. ðə ʃɛl ɪz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ɛz trænˈspɛrənt ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈvɪʒwəˌlaɪz ðə ˈməsəl əˈtæʧmənt əv ðə ænˈtɪriər ˈməsəl. æˈnælɪsɪs əv ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz ɔn ʃɛlz tu ʃɛl ˈspɛsəmənz ənd dub9723-bl*) wər ɪgˈzæmənd ənd ˈfoʊtəˌgræft æt ˌmægnəfəˈkeɪʃənz bɪtˈwin ənd wɪθ ə ˈmaɪkrəˌskoʊp ɪkˈwɪpt wɪθ ə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkæmərə ənd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən swit (ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs) ˈsɔfˌwɛr, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈmɑʤul. wɪθ ðɪs ˈmaɪkrəˌskoʊp, wəns ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈɪmɪʤɪz hæv bɪn əkˈwaɪərd æt ˈdɪfərənt haɪts, əˈdæptɪd ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ˈkɑmbaɪn ðɛm ˈɪntu ə ˈsɪŋgəl ʃɑrp kəmˈpɑzət ˈɪmɪʤ ðət sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ɪkˈstɛndz ðə dɛpθ əv fild. ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz ɪz beɪst ɔn noʊn kraɪˈtɪriə tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈdæmɪʤ ɔn ˈfrɛʃˌwɔtər ənd ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl ʃɛl ˌmænjəˈfækʧər ənd æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə ɪnˈgreɪvd ʃɛl ðə ˈspɛsəmən wɑz ˈfoʊtəˌgræft ˈəndər ˈɪnsədənt laɪt ˈɔriˌɛntɪd ɪn ˈdɪfərənt dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz ənd ˈæŋgəlz. ðə ˈzɪgzæg ˈpætərn ənd ðə ˈəðər ɪnˈgreɪvd laɪnz dɪˈtɛktɪd ɔn ðə ˈspɛsəmən ˈsərfəs wər ɪgˈzæmənd wɪθ ðə seɪm ɪkˈwɪpmənt ənd æt ðə seɪm ˌmægnəfəˈkeɪʃənz ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd fər ðə ˈspɛsəmənz ˈbɛrɪŋ ˈɛvədəns əv biɪŋ ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd ənd juzd ɛz tulz (si əˈbəv). ˈdɪʤəˌtaɪzd ˈɪmɪʤɪz wər ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd ˈɪntu əˈdoʊbi ˈɪləˌstreɪtər tɪ ˈproʊdus ə ˈtreɪsɪŋ əv ðə ɪnˈgreɪvɪŋz, wɪʧ wɑz ˈsəbsəkwəntli ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd baɪ kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ɪt tɪ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl. ˈoʊnli ðə laɪnz ðət wər ənæmˈbɪgjuəsli ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ɛz ˈhævɪŋ bɪn ɪnˈgreɪvd wər ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ˈtreɪsɪŋ. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ɪnˈgreɪvd ˈɛriəz ɔn ɛz wɛl ɛz ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl ɪnˈgreɪvɪŋz (si bɪˈloʊ) wər wɪθ ə ˈvɛriəbəl ˈprɛʃər ˈskænɪŋ ˌɪˈlɛktrɑn ˈmaɪkrəˌskoʊp (sem*) haʊzd æt ðə ˈkəlʧərəl ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ˈeɪʤənsi əv ðə ˈnɛðərləndz ɪn ˈæmstərˌdæm (ðə ˈnɛðərləndz). ðə wɑz ɪkˈwɪpt wɪθ ən ˈɛnərʤi dɪˈspərsɪv ˈɛksˌreɪ spɛkˈtrɑskəpi dɪˈtɛktər (ˈsɪləkən drɪft dɪˈtɛktər, ˈsɪstəm ˈsɛvən ˈsɔfˌwɛr, ˈθərmoʊ ˈfɪʃər ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk) ənd ðə æˈnælɪsɪs wɑz kənˈdəktəd æt ə ˈvoʊltɪʤ əv 20. səˈlɛktɪd ˈɛriəz əv gruvz ənd ʃɛl ˈsərfəs əv, ɛz wɛl ɛz ɪkˌspɛrəˈmɛntəli meɪd gruvz (si bɪˈloʊ) wər ˈkæpʧərd ˈjuzɪŋ ən ˈɪnfənət ˈfoʊkɪs ˈɪmɪʤɪŋ ˈmaɪkrəˌskoʊp haʊzd æt ˈɪnstrəmənts, groot-ammers*, ðə ˈnɛðərləndz. ðɪs ɪkˈwɪpmənt prəˈdusɪz ən ˈækjərət θˌrizdɪˈmɛnʃənəl ˈrɛndərɪŋ əv ə ˈsərfəs wɪθ ə ˈvərtɪkəl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən əv əp tɪ 10 (rɛf. 37 wi skænd ˈpɔrʃənz əv gruvz, ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃənz, ənd spɑts kloʊz tɪ ðə groʊvz ɪn ˈkɑnˌvɛks ənd ˈkɑnkeɪv ˈɛriəz əv ðə ʃɛl ˈsərfəs ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər. əkˈwaɪərd ˈdætə wər juzd tɪ ˈproʊdus ənd kəmˈpɛr ˈsərfəsɪz ˌtɑpəˈgræfɪk ˈrɛndərɪŋ, gruvz ˈsɛkʃənz, ənd ˈkælkjəˌleɪt θˌrizdɪˈmɛnʃənəl ˈrəfnəs pərˈæmətərz (sk*, sɑ, sq*, sp*, sv*, sz*, ssk*, sku*) æt haɪ ˈvərtɪkəl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən. ðə ɪnˈgreɪvɪŋ tɛkˈniks juzd, ðə taɪp əv tul ˌɪnˈvɑlvd, ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ðə laɪnz ənd ðə aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən əv laɪnz prəˈdust ɪn ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈsɛʃən baɪ ðə seɪm tul wər ɪˈstæblɪʃt ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv noʊn ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl kəmˈpɛrəsən wɪθ ˈpəblɪʃt ˈərli ənd kəmˈpɛrəsən wɪθ ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl ˈmɑrkɪŋz kənˈdəktəd ɪn ðə ˈfreɪmˌwərk əv ðɪs ˈstədi. ðə ˈlætər kənˈsɪst əv ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈlɪniər ɪnˈgreɪvɪŋz ɔn ə ˈfrægmənt əv ə ˈfɑsəl ʃɛl ənd ɔn frɛʃ ʃɛl meɪd wɪθ ə flɪnt pɔɪnt, ə stil ˈskælpəl, ənd ə ʃɑrk tuθ kraʊn tɪp. ˈdeɪtɪŋ məʧ əv ðə ˈkɔrsər ˈdɛtrətəs faʊnd ɪn ðə ˈfɑsəl ʃɛlz ˈdʊrɪŋ æˈnælɪsɪs (si əˈbəv) wɑz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz biɪŋ əv vɑlˈkænɪk ˈɔrəʤən, hɛns ˈdeɪtɪŋ əv ðɪs ˈdɛtrətəs wɑz juzd tɪ ʃɛd laɪt ɔn ðə eɪʤ əv ðə ʃɛlz. ən ˈækjərət deɪt əv ðɪs məˈtɪriəl wɪl rɪˈflɛkt ə ˈmæksəməm eɪʤ fər ðə ʃɛl bɛd ɪf ðə əv ðə ʃɛlz əˈkərd ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli wɪθ ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən əv ðɪs bɛd. ðə ˈjəŋgəst kəmˈpoʊnənt əv ðə (pəˈtɛnʃəli riˈwərkt) vɑlˈkænɪk məˈtɪriəl ðɛn prəˈvaɪdz ə ˈmæksəməm eɪʤ əv ðə ʃɛl bɛd. wi ˈsæmpəld lus ˈsɛdəmənt frəm wən əv ðə ˈbɑksɪz ˈhoʊldɪŋ ʃɛlz (ˈsæmpəl ənd səˈlɛktɪd tu ʃɛlz wɪθ ə: (ˈsæmpəl ənd (ˈsæmpəl ðə ˈlætər ʃɛl həz ə ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪk hoʊl æt ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ðə ænˈtɪriər ˈməsəl, ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪŋ ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃən (si meɪn tɛkst). səˈlɛkʃən əv ðə ʃɛlz wɑz beɪst ɔn ðə əˈmaʊnt ənd əv ðə ˈdɛtrətəs ɛmˈbɛdɪd ɪn ðə ʃɛl. ˈmɪnərəl ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈdɛtrətəs frəm ðə θri ˈsæmpəlz tʊk pleɪs æt ðə vu ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈmɪnərəl ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən ˈlæbrəˌtɔri ɪn ˈæmstərˌdæm. ðə ˈdɛtrətəs wɑz ˈpəlvərˌaɪzd, (rɪˈʤɛktɪŋ ðə 500 ˈfrækʃən) ənd səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ ˈhɛvi ˈlɪkwɪd ˈmɪnərəl ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən ˈjuzɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈdɛnsɪti əv ʤi ɪn ə ˈspɛʃəli dɪˈzaɪnd ˈsɛntrəfˌjuʤ. ˈæftər ˈlɪkwɪd ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən, ˌɪˌlɛktroʊmægˈnɛtɪk ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən (wɪθ ə frænts ˈmægnət) wɑz əˈplaɪd tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt mægˈnɛtɪk frəm ˈmɪnərəlz. ˈfaɪnəli, dɪˈskrit ˈfrækʃənz əv glæs ʃɑrdz, ˈfɛldˌspɑr ənd ˈhɔrnˌblɛnd ˈmɪnərəlz wər əbˈteɪnd baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈmaɪkrəˌskoʊp. ˈæftər, ˈsæmpəlz wər pækt ɪn ˈɛnvəˌloʊps ənd stækt ɪn ən ˈsɪlɪndər wɪθ fɪʃ ˈkænjən təf myr*; rɛf. 43 ˈstændərd eɪʤ ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd wɪθ dɪˈkeɪ ˈkɑnstənts frəm rɛf. 44 ɛz ˈnuˌtrɑn fləks ˈmɑnətərz (ˈstændərdz) bɪtˈwin iʧ grup əv fɔr ər faɪv ˈpækɪʤɪz kənˈteɪnɪŋ əˈnoʊnz. ðə ˈsæmpəlz wər ˌɪˈreɪdiˌeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈroʊdiˌoʊ, ə ˈroʊˌteɪtɪŋ (æt 1 hz*) fəˈsɪlɪti nɛkst tɪ ðə riˈæktər pul ˈfɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈsiˈdi ˈɪnər tub tɪ ʃild ðə ˈsæmpəlz fər ɪkˈsɛsɪv ˈdoʊsɪʤ əv ˈθərməl ˈnuˌtrɑnz æt ðə haɪ fləks riˈæktər ɪn petten*, ðə ˈnɛðərləndz. ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənts wɪθ ðə glæs ʃɑrdz ənd ðə ˈfɛldˌspɑr ˈfrækʃənz (ˌɪˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən bæʧ wər ˌɪˈreɪdiˌeɪtɪd fər 10 eɪʧ, ənd ðə ˈhɔrnˌblɛnd (ˌɪˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən bæʧ wɑz ˌɪˈreɪdiˌeɪtɪd fər 1 eɪʧ. tɪ kərˈɛkt fər ˌɪnərˈfɪrɪŋ ˈaɪsəˌtoʊp riˈækʃənz əˈkərɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌɪˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən wi juzd:) keɪ 39ar/37ar*) ˈsiˈeɪ 36ar/37ar*) ˈsiˈeɪ fər ðə 40ar/36ar*) ɛr kərˈɛkʃən, ðə ˈvælju əv li ənd wɑz juzd. ɛz ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl greɪnz wər tu smɔl tɪ əˈlaʊ ə ˈsɪŋgəl greɪn fˈjuʒən əˈproʊʧ, wi ˈloʊdɪd smɔl əˈmaʊnts (əp tɪ greɪnz) ɪn ə treɪ wɪθ hoʊlz əv 2 daɪˈæmətər ənd 3 dɛpθ. ðə ˈsæmpəlz wər səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ ən ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt steɪʤ ɪn ə ˈvækjum haʊs ˈfɪtɪd wɪθ ə glæs ˈwɪndoʊ, wɛr ðə ˈsæmpəl haʊs wɑz ˈhitɪd wɪθ ə ˈhitɪŋ ˈɛləmənt tɪ 150, ənd ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðə ˈsæmpəlz rɪˈsivd dɪˈrɛkt hit frəm ə ˈhitɪŋ læmp. ˈsəbsəkwəntli, ðə ˈsæmpəl treɪ wɑz ˈloʊdɪd ˈɪntu ðə mæs spɛkˈtrɑmətər ˈsæmpəl haʊs, ˈfɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈdəbəl ˈvækjum koʊ 2 ˈleɪzər ˈwɪndoʊ. tɪ brɪŋ ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈɑrˌgɑn daʊn ˈfərðər, ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈsæmpəl splɪts wər wɪθ ə ˈleɪzər bim tɪ əˈbaʊt 400 (ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈmæksəməm koʊ 2 ˈleɪzər). ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənts wər rən ɪn ən ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd rən moʊd ɔn ə mæp mæs spɛkˈtrɑmətər, ɪkˈwɪpt wɪθ ə ˈsæmpəl ˌpjʊrəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm ðət ˈjuzɪz ə klin əp ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈjunɪt, ə fe-v-zr*, ənd ən tub fɪld wɪθ ˈæktɪˌveɪtɪd ˈgɛtər. ðə ˈɪnstrəmənt ɪz ˈfɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˌɪˈlɛktrɑn ˈməltəˌplaɪər dɪˈtɛktər rən ɪn ˈkɑrənt moʊd. ðə ˈrɛlətɪv geɪn wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ ðə ˈfærəˌdeɪ kəp ˈʧænəl ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd wɪθ ə ˈæmpləˌfaɪər wɑz 5 50 ər 500 ˈʧoʊzən ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli frəm ðə bim ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti əv ðə ˈsæmpəl bim ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌɪˈnɪʃəl pik centring*. blæŋks wər ˈɔlˌweɪz rən wɪθ ðə dɪˈtɛktər geɪn æt 500 ˈdætə kəˈlɛkʃən juzd ə ˈproʊtəˌkɔl wɛr twɛlv ˈsaɪkəlz θru ðə ˈɑrˌgɑn ˈspɛktrəm wər pərˈfɔrmd frəm 40 tɪ æt ˈɪntərvəlz, kəˈlɛktɪŋ 16 ˈsæmpəlz əv ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən taɪm fər ɔl ˈɑrˌgɑn piks, ɪkˈsɛpt wɛr 12 ˈsæmpəlz wər juzd. beɪs laɪnz wər ˈmɛʒərd æt ðə half-masses*, ˈjuzɪŋ 6 ˈsæmpəlz pər æˈnælɪsɪs. rɑ pik ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti ˈdætə wɑz ˈjuzɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðiz ˈmɛʒərmənts, pik ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪtiz boʊθ ɔn 40 ənd 36 wər ˈbɛtər ðən əˈbaʊt 100 (blæŋk 40 vi, 39 vi, 38 vi; 37 vi, ənd 36 vi, wɪθ ə ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti əv moʊlz əv ˈɑrˌgɑn pər voʊlt (vi).). ðə dɪˈkeɪ ˈkɑnstənts ɛz ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd baɪ ˈstaɪgər ənd wər juzd ɪn ðɪs ˈstədi. ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl fˈjuʒən stɛp ənˈsərtəntiz ər kˈwoʊtɪd ɪkˈskludɪŋ ðə ˈkɑmən ənˈsərtənti ˈfæktər ɪn ðə fləks ˈmɑnətər dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən. puld ˈeɪʤɪz ər ˈgɪvɪn ɛz ˈweɪtɪd minz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈvərs əv ðə ˈvɛriəns ɛz ə ˈweɪtɪŋ ˈfæktər. puld ənˈsərtəntiz ɪn ðə ˈeɪʤɪz ər kˈwoʊtɪd æt ðə ˈlɛvəl. ˌluməˈnɛsəns ˈdeɪtɪŋ ˌluməˈnɛsəns ˈdeɪtɪŋ ˈmɛθədz dɪˈtərmən ðə taɪm əv ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən ənd ˈbɛriəl əv ˈsɛdəmənts ˈjuzɪŋ greɪnz əv kwɔrts ənd ˈfɛldˌspɑr ɛz ˈnæʧərəl doʊˈsɪmətərz. oʊɪŋ tɪ ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ ˈnæʧərəl ˈaɪəˌnaɪzɪŋ ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən, ˌɪˈlɛktrɑnz ɪn ðə ˈkrɪstəl ˈlætəs əv kwɔrts ər ˈfɛldˌspɑr meɪ bɪˈkəm ɪkˈsaɪtɪd ənd træpt æt ˈɛnərʤi ˈlɛvəlz (ˌɪˈlɛktrɑn træps). ɪn træps əv səˈfɪʃənt stəˈbɪlɪti (ˈθərməl træp dɛpθ), ðə træpt ʧɑrʤ ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən wɪl ˌɪnˈkris ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈbɛriəl oʊɪŋ tɪ kənˈtɪnjud ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ ˈaɪəˌnaɪzɪŋ ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən. fər træps, ðə træpt ʧɑrʤ ɪz ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪtɪd wɪn ðə ˈmɪnərəl ɪz ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ laɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈsɛdəmənt ɪˈroʊʒən, ˈtrænspɔrt ənd ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən. ðə ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən ɪn ðiz træps ɪz ðəs prəˈpɔrʃənəl tɪ ðə taɪm ɪˈlæpst sɪns ðə læst ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ laɪt, ðət ɪz, ðə læst ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən ənd ˈbɛriəl fər ˌluməˈnɛsəns ˈdeɪtɪŋ, boʊθ ðə ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən ɪkˈspoʊʒər sɪns ˈbɛriəl (palaeodose*, ɪn) ənd ðə ˈjɪrli ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən ɪkˈspoʊʒər (doʊs reɪt, ɪn pər) nid tɪ bi dɪˈtərmənd. ðə ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃənəl eɪʤ (ɪn) ɪz ðɛn ˈgɪvɪn baɪ: eɪʤ reɪt. ˌluməˈnɛsəns ˈdeɪtɪŋ ˈmɛθədz ər ˈwaɪdli əˈplaɪd tɪ deɪt dɪˈpɑzəts fɔrmd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst ˈgleɪʃəl ˈsaɪkəl). fər ðɪs ˈpɪriəd, ðə ˈɑptɪkli ˈstɪmjəˌleɪtɪd ˌluməˈnɛsəns (osl*) ˈsɪgnəl əv kwɔrts ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli moʊst ˈsutəbəl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˌsæʧərˈeɪʃən əv ðɪs ˈsɪgnəl æt ˈrɛlətɪvli loʊ ˈdoʊsɪz proʊˈhɪbəts ɪts ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən tɪ ˈoʊldər dɪˈpɑzəts. fər dɪˈpɑzəts bɪɔnd ðə kwɔrts eɪʤ reɪnʤ, ˈfɛldˌspɑr ˌɪnfrərˈɛd ˈstɪmjəˌleɪtɪd ˌluməˈnɛsəns (irsl*) ˈmɛθədz prəˈvaɪd ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv. ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈfɛldˌspɑr ˈmɛθədz hæv bɪn dɪˈvɛləpt ənd ðiz (pirir*) ˈmɛθədz ˌsərkəmˈvɛnt ˈɪʃuz wɪθ rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ˈfeɪdɪŋ əv ðə kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˈsɪgnəl (əˈnɑmələs ˈfeɪdɪŋ; fər ənd ər ˈɔfən ˈæpləkəbəl əp tɪ ˈeɪʤɪz əv 600 (rɛf. 20 ˈoʊldər ˈsɛdəmənts meɪ bi ˈdeɪtɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ðə kwɔrts ˈtrænsfərd ˈsɪgnəl, bət ˈrisənt ˈstədiz hæv ʃoʊn ðət ðə ˈsɪgnəl ɪz nɑt ˈsteɪbəl ənd meɪ jild ˌɪˈnækjərət rɪˈzəlts (rivˈjud baɪ rɛf. 51 ˈmɛθədz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈvaɪəlɪt ˈstɪmjəˌleɪtɪd ˌluməˈnɛsəns (vsl*) ˈsɪgnəl əv meɪ pəˈtɛnʃəli prəˈvaɪd ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv, bət ðiz ər stɪl ɪn ˈərli ˈsteɪʤɪz əv dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ðə sɪˈmɛntɪd ˈsɛdəmənt əv fɔr ʃɛlz dub1006-e*, ənd ðə ɪnˈgreɪvd ʃɛl) wər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈsɛdəmənt əv ə skəl frəm ðə frəm tu əv ðiz ənd tu ˈsæmpəlz fər ˌluməˈnɛsəns ˈdeɪtɪŋ wər əbˈteɪnd, wɪʧ rɪˈzəlts ɪn ə ˈtoʊtəl əv ˈsɛvən ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ˈsæmpəlz. ðə saɪz əv ðə ʃɛl wɑz əˈprɑksəmətli 5 4 2. ðə skəl wɑz məʧ ˈlɑrʤər (əˈprɑksəmətli 50 30 30), ənd tu sɪˈmɛntɪd ˈpisɪz əv əˈprɑksəmətli 10 5 5 wər ˈteɪkən frəm ɪt fər ˈdeɪtɪŋ. ðə ˈsɛdəmənt əv ˈsæmpəl kənˈsɪstɪd ˈmoʊstli əv sænd wɪθ səm ˈgrævəl ənd ʃɛl rɪˈmeɪnz, wɛˈræz ɔl ˈəðər ˈsæmpəlz kənˈsɪstɪd ˈlɑrʤli əv ˈsændi sɪlt. ɪn ðə ˈdɑrˌkrum ˈlæbrəˌtɔri əv ðə ˈnɛðərləndz ˈsɛntər fər ˌluməˈnɛsəns ˈdeɪtɪŋ, ðə ˈaʊtər əv ˈsɛdəmənt wɑz riˈmuvd frəm iʧ əv ðə sɪˈmɛntɪd blɑks wɪθ ə naɪf (ʃɛlz) ər sɔ (skəl). ðə ˈaʊtər məˈtɪriəl wɑz juzd fər æˈnælɪsɪs, wɛˈræz ðə ˈɪnər ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə blɑks (wɪʧ hæd rɪˈmeɪnd tɪ laɪt sɪns ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən) wɑz juzd fər ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃən. fər ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃən, ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz əv jərˈeɪniəm, ˈθɑriəm ənd pəˈtæsiəm wər ˈmɛʒərd ˈjuzɪŋ ˈnuˌtrɑn ˌæktəˈveɪʃən æˈnælɪsɪs æt ðə riˈæktər ˈɪnstɪˌtut dɛlft (tu dɛlft, ðə ˈnɛðərləndz). frəm ðiz ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz, ˈɪnfənət ˈmeɪtrɪks doʊs reɪts wər əˈsumɪŋ 20 10 ɪˈskeɪp fər ðə dɪˈkeɪ ʧeɪn, ənd 5 3 ɪˈskeɪp fər ðə dɪˈkeɪ ʧeɪn. ˈifɛktɪv doʊs reɪts wər ðɛn ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd, ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt greɪn saɪz ˈwɔtər ənd fər ðə ˈfɛldˌspɑr ˈsæmpəlz ə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən frəm ˌɪnˈtərnəl pəˈtæsiəm 40k*) ənd ðə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən frəm ˈkɑzmɪk reɪz wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludɪd, əˈsumɪŋ ˈgræʤuəl ˈbɛriəl tɪ ə dɛpθ əv 12 ɛm bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈsərfəs ənd ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ðə ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk pəˈzɪʃən əv ðə ˈsɛvərəl əˈsəmpʃənz hæd tɪ bi meɪd ɪn ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪŋ ðə doʊs reɪt, ɛz wi hæd ˈlɪtəl məˈtɪriəl fər æˈnælɪsɪs, ənd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈkɑntɛkst əv ðə ʃɛlz wɑz ˈlɪmɪtɪd. fər iʧ əv ðiz əˈsəmpʃənz, wi ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈrizənəbəl ənˈsərtəntiz ðət wər ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ˈɪntu ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ənˈsərtənti ənd ˈsəbsəkwəntli ɪn ðə ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈeɪʤɪz. hir, wi dɪˈskəs ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt əˈsəmpʃənz ənd ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd ənˈsərtəntiz wɪθ rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ðə æˈnælɪsɪs. ðə ˈlɑrʤəst sɔrs əv ənˈsərtənti ɪz ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈwɔtər ˈkɑntɛnt əv ðə ˈsɛdəmənt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈpɪriəd əv ˈbɛriəl. ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðə əv ðə ˈsæmpəl, wi əˈsumd ə ˈwɔtər ˈkɑntɛnt əv 50 25 baɪ weɪt fər ðə ˈsæmpəlz kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv ˈsændi sɪlt dub1006-e*,, ənd 20 10 fər ðə ˈsæmpəl kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv sænd ðə ənˈsərtəntiz wər ˈʧoʊzən tɪ ɛnˈkəmpəs ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ˈpɑsəbəl ˈwɔtər ˈkɑntɛnts ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz ɪn ˈwɔtər ˈkɑntɛnt ˈoʊvər ˈbɛriəl taɪm. wɪθ rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ðə ˈgæmə doʊs reɪt, wi hæd tɪ meɪk tu əˈdɪʃənəl əˈsəmpʃənz. fərst, wi əˈsum ðət ðə ˈsɛdəmənts sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə ʃɛlz ər ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə ˈsɛdəmənt. ðɪs əˈsəmpʃən ɪz beɪst ɔn ˈrɛmnənts əv ˈsɛdəmənt faʊnd ɔn ðə ˈaʊtər ʃɛl ˈsərfəs, bət ˈkænɑt bi ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd fər ðə ɪnˈtaɪər sfɪr frəm wɪʧ ðə ˈgæmə doʊs ərˈɪʤəˌneɪts əraʊnd ðə ʃɛl). ɪn ðə ˈæbsəns əv ˈbɛtər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, wi prəˈpoʊz ðət ðə ˈifɛkt əv ˌhɛtərəʤɪˈniəti əv ðə dɪˈpɑzəts meɪ bi rɪˈflɛktɪd baɪ ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn ðə ˈgæmə doʊs reɪts əbˈteɪnd fər ðə ˈsɛvən ˈsæmpəlz, wɪʧ ʃoʊ ə ˈrɛlətɪv ˈstændərd ˌdiviˈeɪʃən əv 11 (si ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri ˈteɪbəl 6 ˈsɛkənd, wi əˈsum ðət ðə ˈsæmpəlz ər sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˈsɛdəmənt ˈoʊnli, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv ðə ʃɛl ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈəðər ʃɛlz ðət meɪ hæv bɪn ˈprɛzənt ɪn ðə dɪˈrɛkt vɪˈsɪnɪti. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt həz bɪn ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðət ʃɛlz meɪ ˈɪnfluəns ðə doʊs reɪt ənd ðə ðə ʃɛlz æt ðə saɪt ər ənd ðɛr ˈɪnfluəns ɔn doʊs reɪts wɪl bi ˈmaɪnər (ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd tɪ bi 5 ðə kəmˈbaɪnd ˈifɛkt əv ðiz ənˈsərtəntiz 12 ɪz ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ɛz ən əˈdɪʃənəl ˈrɛlətɪv ənˈsərtənti fər ðə ˈgæmə doʊs reɪt ˈɛstəˌmeɪts. boʊθ kwɔrts ənd ˈfɛldˌspɑr ˈmɪnərəlz wər priˈpɛrd fər ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃən. ˈsæmpəlz wər ˈbrɪtəl ənd krəʃt baɪ hænd ˈæftər rɪˈmuvəl əv ðə ˈaʊtər pɑrts. ðə greɪnz wər ˈtritɪd wɪθ ənd eɪʧ 2 oʊ 2 tɪ riˈmuv ˈkɑrbəˌneɪts ənd ɔrˈgænɪks, ənd ðɛn tɪ əbˈteɪn ə ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈnɛroʊ greɪn saɪz fər æˈnælɪsɪs. ðə ɪgˈzækt greɪn saɪz ˈfrækʃən priˈpɛrd fər æˈnælɪsɪs ˈdɪfərz bɪtˈwin ˈsæmpəlz (si ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri ˈteɪbəl 6 oʊɪŋ tɪ slaɪt ˈdɪfərənsɪz ənd ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz ɪn ðə əˈmaʊnt əv məˈtɪriəl ðət wɑz əˈveɪləbəl. ðə əbˈteɪnd ˈfrækʃənz wər ˈdɛnsɪti ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd ɪn ə ˈsoʊdiəm səˈluʃən (lst*) æt ðə laɪt ˈfrækʃən kənˈsɪstɪd ˈlɑrʤli əv ˈfɛldˌspɑr ənd ɔl ˈsæmpəlz wər ˈlaɪtli ɛʧt wɪθ 10 fər 15 mɪn tɪ riˈmuv ðə ˈsərfəs leɪər əv ðə greɪnz ðət ɪz ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ ɪkˈstərnəl ˈælfə ˈpɑrtɪkəlz ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌʤiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈbɛriəl. kwɔrts ˈmɪnərəlz wər əbˈteɪnd frəm ðə ˈhɛvi ˈfrækʃən θru ˈtritmənt wɪθ 40 fər 40 mɪn. prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ʃoʊd ðət kənˈvɛnʃənəl kwɔrts kʊd nɑt bi juzd fər ˈdeɪtɪŋ bɪˈkəz ðə ˈsɪgnəlz ʃoʊd ən ɪkˈstrimli dɪm fæst kəmˈpoʊnənt, ənd hæd riʧt ˌsæʧərˈeɪʃən. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsɪgnəlz (ˈfɑloʊɪŋ rɛf. 53 ʃoʊd ənˈwɔntɪd bɪˈheɪvjər (fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, dɪm ˈsɪgnəlz, noʊ ˌɪˈnɪʃəl fæst dɪˈkeɪ). wi ˈðɛrˌfɔr əˈbændənd kwɔrts ənd ˈdeɪtɪŋ æt ðɪs steɪʤ, ənd ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd ɔn ˈfɛldˌspɑr ˈmɛθədz. ˈfɛldˌspɑr ɪkˈwɪvələnt doʊs dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən juzd ðə ˈfɛldˌspɑr doʊs (sɑr) ðə ˈmɛʒərmənts wər meɪd fər 100 ɛs æt 290, ənd wər prɪˈsidɪd baɪ ə ˈhitɪŋ fər 60 ɛs æt 320 ənd ˌɪnfrərˈɛd ɪkˈspoʊʒər æt 50 fər 100 ɛs. æt ðə ɛnd əv iʧ sɑr ˈsaɪkəl, ˈsæmpəlz wər ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ ˌɪnfrərˈɛd laɪt æt 330 fər 40 ɛs tɪ ˈfʊli ˈrisɛt ðə ˈsɪgnəl. ˈstændərd rɪˈʤɛkʃən kraɪˈtɪriə wɪˈθɪn ðə sɑr ˈproʊtəˌkɔl wər əˈplaɪd, wɪθ rɪˈzəlts biɪŋ ækˈsɛptɪd ɪf riˈsaɪkəlɪŋ wɑz wɪˈθɪn 15 frəm ˈjunɪti ənd ðə ənˈsərtənti ɔn ðə tɛst doʊs wɑz loʊər ðən 15 ðə ˌluməˈnɛsəns ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti əv ðə ˈsæmpəlz pruvd tɪ bi pur, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn rɪˈʤɛkʃən əv ɔl ˈmɛʒərd ənd æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðiz tu ˈsæmpəlz hæd tɪ bi əˈbændənd. fər iʧ əv ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ faɪv ˈsæmpəlz ˌluməˈnɛsəns ˈsɪgnəlz wər səˈfɪʃənt (si ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈdætə fɪg. fər ɪgˈzæmpəlz): bɪtˈwin 6 ənd 19 ˈsɪŋgəl ˈjildɪd ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˈdoʊsɪz ˈæftər əˈplaɪɪŋ ðə rɪˈʤɛkʃən kraɪˈtɪriə. kərvz wər ɔl ˈsɪmələr ənd kʊd bi ˈfɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈsæʧərˌeɪtɪŋ ˌɛkspoʊˈnɛnʃəl pləs ə ˈlɪniər kəmˈpoʊnənt ˈgɪvɪn baɪ l(d*) 0 bd*, wɛr ɛl ɪz ðə ˌluməˈnɛsəns ˈsɪgnəl ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv ðə əbˈzɔrbd doʊs di (ɪn), ə ənd bi ər ˈkɑnstənts ənd di 0 (ɪn) ɪz ə pərˈæmətər ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈɔnˌsɛt əv ˌsæʧərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˌɛkspoʊˈnɛnʃəl kəmˈpoʊnənt. ˈməri ənd hæv səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðə rɪˈlaɪəbəl ɪkˈwɪvələnt doʊs ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃən ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl fər ðə doʊs reɪnʤ əp tɪ 0 wi əˈdɑptəd ðɪs kraɪˈtɪriən tɪ əˈsɛs ðə vəˈlɪdɪti əv ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt doʊs ˈɛstəˌmeɪts, ɛz ðə ˌsutəˈbɪlɪti əv ðə ˈlɪniər kəmˈpoʊnənt fər ˈdeɪtɪŋ həz nɑt bɪn fər ɔl ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ˈsæmpəlz, æt list hæf əv ðə rɪˈtərnd ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˈdoʊsɪz əˈbəv ðə 0 ˈlɪmət, ɛz ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd ɪn ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈdætə fɪg. fər ˈsæmpəlz dub1006-f(i*) ənd (ii*) frəm ðə ɪnˈgreɪvd ʃɛl. frəm ðɪs, wi ˌɪnˈfər ðət ðə ˈsæmpəl ɪkˈwɪvələnt doʊs məst bi ˈgreɪtər ðən ðə 0 ˈvælju, ðət ɪz, ðə ˌsæʧərˈeɪʃən ˈlɪmət 0 prəˈvaɪdz ə ˈmɪnəməm ɪkˈwɪvələnt doʊs ˈɛstəˌmeɪt (ˈteɪbəl 1 ɛz ˈoʊnli ˈmɪnəməm ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˈdoʊsɪz kən bi əbˈteɪnd, wi kən ˈoʊnli prəˈvaɪd ˈmɪnəməm eɪʤ ˈɛstəˌmeɪts beɪst ɔn ðə ˌluməˈnɛsəns ˈdeɪtɪŋ æˈnælɪsɪs. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi ʃʊd kənˈsɪdər ðət ðiz ˈmɪnəməm ˈeɪʤɪz maɪt bi əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ˌɪnkəmˈplit əv ðə ˈsɪgnəl æt ðə taɪm əv ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən. ˈrɛmnənt ˈdoʊsɪz fər ˈmɑdərn dɪˈpɑzəts meɪ reɪnʤ frəm lɛs ðən 10 fər ənd biʧ əp tɪ 55 fər ˈgleɪʃəl fər ðə dɪˈpɑzəts (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛkʃənz 1 ənd 2 wi əˈsum ə rɪˈzɪʤuəl doʊs əv 30 15 æt ðə taɪm əv ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən, wɛr ðə reɪnʤ ɛnˈkəmpəsəz ɔl ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈlɪtərəʧər ˈrɛmnənt doʊs ˈvæljuz fər ˈmɑdərn ˈsæmpəlz. wi səbˈtrækt ðɪs rɪˈzɪʤuəl doʊs frəm ðə ˈmɪnəməm ɪkˈwɪvələnt doʊs tɪ əbˈteɪn ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪt əv ðə ˈmɪnəməm (ðət ɪz, ðə doʊs əbˈzɔrbd sɪns ðə taɪm əv ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən ənd ˈbɛriəl). ɛz ɔl ˈsæmpəlz ər frəm ˈsɪmələr ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃənəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts, ðə ənˈsərtənti ɔn ðɪs ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ɪz rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ə ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk ˈɛrər ʃɛrd baɪ ðə ˈsæmpəlz. baɪ kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ ðə ˈmɪnəməm ənd doʊs reɪt fər iʧ ˈsæmpəl, ˈmɪnəməm ˈeɪʤɪz ər əbˈteɪnd fər ðə sɪˈmɛntɪd ˈsɛdəmənt əv ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ʃɛlz frəm ðə. ɛz ɔl ˈsæmpəlz ər frəm ðə seɪm ˌstrætəˈgræfɪk leɪər (ðə), ðə ˈoʊldəst rɪˈzəlt kʊd bi ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɛz ðə ˈmɪnəməm eɪʤ fər ðiz dɪˈpɑzəts. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈgɪvɪn ðət ɔl ˈsæmpəlz rɪˈtərn ˈsɪmələr rɪˈzəlts, wi prɪˈfər ə mɔr kənˈsərvətɪv ənd roʊˈbəst əˈproʊʧ beɪst ɔn ən ˈævərɪʤ əv ɔl ˈsæmpəlz, ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ðɛr ʃɛrd ənˈsərtəntiz (ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk ənˈsərtənti
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description of the pseudodon shell assemblage
all complete pseudodon shell specimens were measured with a digital caliper. length was measured along the longest axis of the shell; the height is the maximum length perpendicular to the long axis. each valve was given a unique number (for example, dub5234b-l) consisting of the dubois catalogue number assigned by dubois and his assistant bernsen to a “field lot” containing several specimens22, followed by a lower-case letter for each specimen from that box, and a hyphen plus an l or r indicating a left or right valve, respectively. these two letters were added during this study to enable identification of each shell specimen in a field lot. we also recorded whether shells consisted of single or paired, still connected valves, and in the latter case, whether the valves were closed or partially open. the valve area was divided into seven zones (a-c3, see fig. 1b), and the presence of breakage, etching, dissolution pits, desquamation, abrasion, holes and grooves was recorded for each zone.
micromorphological sediment analysis
to obtain further information on the depositional environment of trinil hauptknochenschicht and the depositional history of the pseudodon shells, we conducted micromorphological sediment analysis on two pseudodon shell infillings. thin sections were produced from shell infillings (dub9717-b and dub9735) by making two vertical cross-sections along both the length and the width of the infillings, using established methods23,24. the thin sections were subsequently described following established terminology25. the infilling is obliquely oriented with respect to the shell axis.
comparison of pseudon assemblage to recent shells
length and height data of the fossil pseudodon vondembuschianus trinilensis dubois 1908 shells from trinil were compared with those measured on recent pseudodon vondembuschianus lea 1840, collected by several researchers on java. these shells are part of the mollusca collections housed at the natural history museum naturalis in leiden, the netherlands. the collectors are: w. c. van heurn, who in 1935 collected near surabaya at three different locations named 1a (n = 24 specimens), 1b (n = 40) and 1c (n = 34); heysmann (n = 20), and groen (n = 12) who both collected on java (no further indication of location). in addition, we included in the comparison the length–height data that we obtained from measuring a unionid freshwater bivalve population (unio crassus philipson 1788; n = 50) sampled by l. pascal from the seine river (neuilly, france) in 1849 (ref. 26). this collection is housed at the muséum national d’histoire naturelle in paris, france. all measurements were done with a digital caliper. length was measured along the longest axis of the shell; the height is the maximum length perpendicular to the long axis.
x-ray fluorescence analyses
to assess the stratigraphical integrity of the trinil hauptknochenschicht we conducted multiple x-ray fluorescence (xrf) analyses on hominin and non-hominin fossil bones from the trinil hauptknochenschicht and from the nearby site kedung brubus (see extended data fig. 1a), and on a modern human femur present in the dubois collection. this non-destructive analysis method is the only chemical analysis that we could apply to the bones, since any method involving the drilling of powder out of the fossil bone, or transport of the fossil bones outside naturalis, was not allowed. data were acquired using a hand-held portable xrf device, a thermo scientific niton xl3t with goldd detector equipped with a silver anode operating at a maximum of 50 kv and 40 ma. the device is well suited for the measurement of up to 25 elements simultaneously in the analytical range between s (atomic number 16) and u (atomic number 92) as well as light elements (mg, al, si, p and cl). lighter elements such as f (atomic number 9) cannot be measured with this device. the device is factory-calibrated and further soil reference material was measured for external standardization. all analyses were performed in bulk mode (‘mining mode’). all fossil bones were measured directly by hand, with several (from four up to seven) measurements per fossil, at different spots on the bone where the surface was flat. each measurement lasted 110 s, using four different energy settings for light (al, si, p, s, cl), low (ca, k, sc, ti), main (k-lines from v until ag and l-lines from au until pb) and high z elements (ag until au). yttrium (y) contents are not reported by the software, so raw counts are extracted from the y kα1 line (14.96 kev) and corrected for the ca yield. this peak overlaps with the rb kβ1 line, but rb contents as derived from the kα1 line are too low to have a significant contribution to the y counts.
experimental opening of living bivalve molluscs
to assess how the holes observed in fossil pseudodon shells could have been made, we conducted opening experiments with living freshwater unionid mussels that are comparable in size, shell thickness and structure to the extinct pseudodon species from trinil. the shell matrix of living unionoid shells consists of a thick periostracum overlying aragonitic layers and contains organic material, which provides both strength and elasticity. after death of the mollusc, the shell material becomes more rigid and brittle owing to degradation of organic matter during the drying and/or fossilization process. we therefore performed these experiments on living instead of recently dead or fossil mussels. we used one living potamida littoralis lamarck 1801 from nouâtres, vienne river (france), and one unio mancus turtonii payraudeau 1826 from the tavignanu river, corsica (france). the two specimens were kept alive in an aquarium until the time of the experiments. since our experimental research on the engraved shell (see below) had indicated that a shark tooth was the most likely tool used to make the engraving, we used a shark tooth as a tool to experimentally perforate live unionid shells.
computed tomography (ct) scans of living bivalve molluscs
before the opening experiments (see above), the two live mollusc specimens were taken to the department of medical imaging of marseille hôpital nord, in order to obtain ct scans, used as the basis for a video animation on opening the shells (supplementary video 1). the specimens were scanned using a siemens sensation cardiac 64 scanner, yielding a 512 × 512 pixel matrix. acquisition specifications were: slice thickness (in mm) = 0.6; space between slices (in mm) = 0.4; source peak voltage (in kv) = 100; current (in ma) = 220; generator power (in kw) = 22. the ct scans were processed with tivmi (treatment and increased vision for medical imaging) software developed by bruno dutailly. this program (http://www.pacea.u-bordeaux1.fr/tivmi/) was designed for morphometrics and anthropological research. tivmi offers an automatic computation of the hmh algorithm27, which helps to identify, independently of the user, the exact interface between two different tissues or materials. in three dimensions, the hmh is computed at each voxel for extracting a reproducible and reliable surface28. therefore, three-dimensional surfaces of the shell and mantle were automatically extracted using this hmh three-dimensional algorithm. the shell is represented as transparent in order to visualize the muscle attachment of the anterior adductor muscle.
analysis of modifications on shells
two pseudodon shell specimens (dub5234-dl and dub9723-bl) were examined and photographed at magnifications between 4× and 40× with a motorised leica z6 apoa microscope equipped with a dfc420 digital camera and leica application suite (las) software, including the multifocus module. with this microscope, once digital images have been acquired at different heights, adapted algorithms combine them into a single sharp composite image that significantly extends the depth of field. interpretation of recorded modifications is based on known criteria to identify taphonomic damage on freshwater shells29,30,31 and experimental shell manufacture and use11,19,29,30,32,33,34,35,36.
analysis of the engraved shell
the pseudodon specimen dub1006-fl was photographed under incident light oriented in different directions and angles. the zigzag pattern and the other engraved lines detected on the specimen surface were examined with the same equipment and at the same magnifications as described for the specimens bearing evidence of being modified and used as tools (see above). digitized images were imported into adobe illustrator to produce a tracing of the engravings, which was subsequently verified by comparing it to the original. only the lines that were unambiguously verified as having been engraved were included in the tracing. in addition, engraved areas on dub1006-fl as well as experimental engravings (see below) were analysed with a jeol jsm-5910lv variable pressure scanning electron microscope (sem) housed at the cultural heritage agency of the netherlands in amsterdam (the netherlands). the sem was equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy detector (silicon drift detector, noran system seven software, thermo fisher scientific) and the analysis was conducted at a voltage of 20 kv.
selected areas of grooves and shell surface of dub1006-fl, as well as experimentally made grooves (see below) were captured using an alicona 3d infinite focus imaging microscope housed at st instruments, groot-ammers, the netherlands. this equipment produces an accurate true-colour three-dimensional rendering of a surface with a vertical resolution of up to 10 nm (ref. 37). we scanned portions of grooves, intersections, and unmodified spots close to the groves in convex and concave areas of the shell surface architecture. acquired data were used to produce and compare surfaces topographic rendering, grooves sections, and calculate three-dimensional roughness parameters (sk, sa, sq, sp, sv, sz, ssk, sku) at high vertical resolution. the engraving techniques used, the type of tool involved, the direction of the lines and the identification of lines produced in a single session by the same tool were established on the basis of known experimental criteria38,39, comparison with published early engravings40,41,42, and comparison with experimental markings conducted in the framework of this study. the latter consist of a series of linear engravings on a fragment of a fossil pseudodon shell and on fresh unionid shell made with a flint point, a steel scalpel, and a shark tooth crown tip.
40ar/39ar dating
much of the coarser detritus found in the fossil pseudodon shells during thin-section analysis (see above) was identified as being of volcanic origin, hence 40ar/39ar dating of this detritus was used to shed light on the age of the shells. an accurate 40ar/39ar date of this material will reflect a maximum age for the shell bed if the infill of the shells occurred simultaneously with deposition of this bed. the youngest component of the (potentially reworked) volcanic material then provides a maximum age of the shell bed. we sampled loose sediment from one of the naturalis boxes holding pseudodon shells (sample trinil-1) and selected two shells with a detrital infilling: dub9721-br (sample trinil-2) and dub9714-br (sample trinil-3). the latter shell has a characteristic hole at the location of the anterior adductor muscle, indicating hominin modification (see main text). selection of the shells was based on the amount and coarseness of the detritus embedded in the shell.
mineral separation of the detritus from the three samples took place at the vu university mineral separation laboratory in amsterdam. the detritus was pulverized, sieved (rejecting the >500 µm fraction) and subjected to heavy liquid mineral separation using diiodomethane with a density of 2.54 g ml−1 in a specially designed centrifuge. after liquid separation, electromagnetic separation (with a frantz magnet) was applied to separate magnetic from non-magnetic minerals. finally, discrete fractions of glass shards, feldspar and hornblende minerals were obtained by handpicking using a microscope. after handpicking, samples were packed in al-foil envelopes and stacked in an al-foil cylinder with fish canyon tuff sanidines (28.198 myr; ref. 43; standard age calculated with decay constants from ref. 44) as neutron flux monitors (standards) between each group of four or five packages containing unknowns. the samples were irradiated in the rodeo, a rotating (at 1 hz) facility next to the reactor pool fitted with a cd inner tube to shield the samples for excessive dosage of thermal neutrons at the high flux reactor in petten, the netherlands. the experiments with the glass shards and the feldspar fractions (irradiation batch vu90) were irradiated for 10 h, and the hornblende (irradiation batch vu94) was irradiated for 1 h. to correct for interfering isotope reactions occurring during irradiation we used: (40ar/39ar) k : 0.00134 ± 0.000787, (39ar/37ar) ca : 0.000733 ± 0.000035, (36ar/37ar) ca : 0.000265 ± 0.000008. for the (40ar/36ar) air correction, the value of lee and colleagues45 (298.56 ± 0.18) was used.
as the individual grains were too small to allow a single grain fusion approach, we loaded small amounts (up to 10–15 grains) in a cu tray with holes of 2 mm diameter and 3 mm depth. the samples were subjected to an overnight pre-bake-out stage in a vacuum house fitted with a pyrex glass window, where the sample house was heated with a heating element to 150 °c, and in addition, the samples received direct heat from a 500-w heating lamp. subsequently, the sample tray was loaded into the mass spectrometer sample house, fitted with a double vacuum multi-spectral zns co 2 laser window. to bring the background argon down further, individual sample splits were pre-heated with a defocused laser beam to about 400 °c (using a 0–50-w continuous-wave maximum synrad 48-5 co 2 laser). the experiments were run in an automated run mode on a map 215-50 noble-gas mass spectrometer, equipped with a sample purification system that uses a three-stage clean up using a filament-heated saes zr-al np10 unit, a resistance-heated saes st172 fe-v-zr, and an inconel tube filled with activated ti-sponge getter. the map215-50 instrument is fitted with a balzers sem216 dynode secondary electron multiplier detector run in current mode. the relative gain with respect to the faraday cup channel operated with a 1011-ohm resistor amplifier was 5, 50 or 500, chosen automatically from the beam intensity of the sample 40ar beam during initial peak centring. blanks were always run with the sem detector gain at 500. data collection used a protocol where twelve cycles through the argon spectrum were performed from 40 to 35.5 at half-mass-unit intervals, collecting 16 samples of 1-s integration time for all argon peaks, except 37ar where 12 1-s samples were used. base lines were measured at the half-masses, using 6 1-s samples per analysis. raw peak intensity data was regressed using ararcalc-2.5 software46. during these measurements, sample-to-blank peak intensities both on m/e = 40 and m/e = 36 were better than about 100 (blank m/e = 40: 0.045–0.070 v, m/e = 39: 0–0.0007 v, m/e = 38: 0.00005–0.00013 v; m/e = 37: 0.0003–0.0020 v, and m/e = 36: 0.0003–0.0011 v, with a sensitivity of 3.3 × 10−15 moles of argon per volt (v).). the decay constants as recommended by steiger and jäger44 were used in this study. individual fusion step uncertainties are quoted excluding the common uncertainty factor in the flux monitor determination. pooled ages are given as weighted means using the inverse of the variance as a weighting factor. pooled uncertainties in the ages are quoted at the 1σ level.
luminescence dating
luminescence dating methods determine the time of deposition and burial of sediments using grains of quartz and feldspar as natural dosimeters. owing to exposure to natural ionizing radiation, electrons in the crystal lattice of quartz or feldspar may become excited and trapped at meta-stable energy levels (electron traps). in traps of sufficient stability (thermal trap depth), the trapped charge concentration will increase during burial owing to continued exposure to ionizing radiation. for light-sensitive traps, the trapped charge is liberated when the mineral is exposed to light during sediment erosion, transport and deposition. the trapped-charge concentration in these traps is thus proportional to the time elapsed since the last exposure to light, that is, the last deposition and burial event47. for luminescence dating, both the radiation exposure since burial (palaeodose, in gy) and the yearly radiation exposure (dose rate, in gy per kyr) need to be determined. the depositional age (in kyr) is then given by: age = palaeodose/dose rate.
luminescence dating methods are widely applied to date deposits formed during the last glacial cycle (∼120 kyr). for this period, the optically stimulated luminescence (osl) signal of quartz is usually most suitable. however, the saturation of this signal at relatively low doses prohibits its application to older deposits. for deposits beyond the quartz osl age range, feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence (irsl) methods provide an alternative. in recent years, reliable feldspar irsl methods have been developed and tested48,49. these post-infrared irsl (pirir) methods circumvent issues with regard to athermal fading of the conventional irsl signal (anomalous fading; for example50,) and are often applicable up to ages of 600 kyr (ref. 20). older sediments may be dated using the quartz thermally transferred osl signal, but recent studies have shown that the signal is not thermally stable and may yield inaccurate results (reviewed by ref. 51). methods using the violet stimulated luminescence (vsl) signal of quartz52,53 may potentially provide an alternative, but these are still in early stages of development.
the cemented sediment infills of four pseudodon shells (dub9735, dub9736, dub1006-e, and the engraved shell dub1006-fl) were investigated, as well as the sediment infill of a stegodon trigonocephalus skull from the trinil hauptknochenschicht (dub4977). from two of these (dub1006-fl and dub4977), two samples for luminescence dating were obtained, which results in a total of seven investigated samples. the size of the shell infills was approximately 5 cm × 4 cm × 2 cm. the stegodon skull infill was much larger (approximately 50 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm), and two cemented pieces of approximately 10 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm were taken from it for dating. the sediment of sample dub9736 consisted mostly of silty sand with some gravel and shell remains, whereas all other samples consisted largely of sandy silt. in the darkroom laboratory of the netherlands centre for luminescence dating, the outer 1–2 mm of sediment was removed from each of the cemented blocks with a knife (shells) or water-cooled low-speed saw (skull). the outer material was used for dose-rate analysis, whereas the inner portion of the blocks (which had remained unexposed to light since deposition) was used for palaeodose estimation.
for dose-rate estimation, concentrations of uranium, thorium and potassium were measured using neutron activation analysis at the reactor institute delft (tu delft, the netherlands). from these concentrations, infinite matrix dose rates were calculated54, assuming 20% ± 10% 222rn escape for the 238u decay chain, and 5% ± 3% 220rn escape for the 232th decay chain. effective dose rates were then calculated, taking into account grain size attenuation55, water content56, and for the feldspar samples a contribution from internal potassium (40k) and rubidium (87rb)57,58. the contribution from cosmic rays was also included, assuming gradual burial to a depth of 12 m below the surface and taking into account the geographic position of the site59.
several assumptions had to be made in estimating the dose rate, as we had little material for analysis, and information on the original context of the shells was limited. for each of these assumptions, we estimated reasonable uncertainties that were incorporated into the overall dose-rate uncertainty and subsequently in the reported ages. here, we discuss the most important assumptions and the associated uncertainties with regard to the dose-rate analysis. the largest source of uncertainty is the average water content of the sediment during the period of burial. on the basis of the lithology of the sample, we assumed a water content of 50% ± 25% by weight for the samples consisting of sandy silt (dub9735, dub1006-e, dub1006-fl, dub4977), and 20% ± 10% for the sample consisting of silty sand (dub9736). the uncertainties were chosen to encompass a wide range of possible water contents as well as variations in water content over burial time.
with regard to the gamma dose rate, we had to make two additional assumptions. first, we assume that the sediments surrounding the shells are similar to the sediment infill. this assumption is based on remnants of sediment found on the outer shell surface, but cannot be verified for the entire sphere from which the gamma dose originates (∼25 cm around the shell). in the absence of better information, we propose that the effect of heterogeneity of the deposits may be reflected by differences in the gamma dose rates obtained for the seven samples, which show a relative standard deviation of 11% (see supplementary table 6). second, we assume that the samples are surrounded by sediment only, thereby ignoring the influence of the shell itself, as well as other shells that may have been present in the direct vicinity. although it has been established that shells may influence the dose rate and the dose-rate heterogeneity60, the shells at the trinil site are thin-walled and their influence on dose rates will be minor (estimated to be <5%). the combined effect of these uncertainties (12%) is incorporated as an additional relative uncertainty for the gamma dose rate estimates.
both quartz and feldspar minerals were prepared for palaeodose estimation. samples were brittle and crushed by hand after removal of the light-exposed outer parts. the grains were treated with hcl and h 2 o 2 to remove carbonates and organics, and then wet-sieved to obtain a relatively narrow grain size for analysis. the exact grain size fraction prepared for analysis differs between samples (see supplementary table 6) owing to slight lithological differences and variations in the amount of material that was available. the obtained fractions were density separated in a sodium heteropolytungstate solution (lst) fastfloat at 2.58 kg dm−3; the light fraction consisted largely of k-rich feldspar and all samples were lightly etched with 10% hf for 15 min to remove the surface layer of the grains that is exposed to external alpha particles during geological burial. quartz minerals were obtained from the heavy fraction through treatment with 40% hf for 40 min. preliminary investigations showed that conventional quartz osl methods61 could not be used for dating because the signals showed an extremely dim fast component, and had reached saturation. also vsl signals (following ref. 53) showed unwanted behaviour (for example, dim signals, no initial fast decay). we therefore abandoned quartz osl and vsl dating at this stage, and concentrated on feldspar methods.
feldspar equivalent dose determination used the feldspar pirir single-aliquot regenerative dose (sar) method20. the pirir measurements were made for 100 s at 290 °c, and were preceded by a heating for 60 s at 320 °c and infrared exposure at 50 °c for 100 s. at the end of each sar cycle, samples were exposed to infrared light at 330 °c for 40 s to fully reset the pirir signal. standard rejection criteria within the sar protocol were applied, with results being accepted if recycling was within 15% from unity and the uncertainty on the test dose was lower than 15%.
the pirir luminescence sensitivity of the stegodon samples (dub4977) proved to be poor, resulting in rejection of all measured aliquots and analysis of these two samples had to be abandoned. for each of the remaining five samples luminescence signals were sufficient (see extended data fig. 9e for examples): between 6 and 19 single aliquots yielded equivalent doses after applying the rejection criteria. dose–response curves were all similar and could be fitted with a single saturating exponential plus a linear component given by l(d) = a[1 − exp(−d/d 0 )] + bd, where l is the sensitivity-corrected luminescence signal as a function of the absorbed dose d (in gy), a and b are constants and d 0 (in gy) is a parameter indicating the onset of saturation of the exponential component. murray and wintle61 have suggested that the reliable equivalent dose estimation is possible for the dose range up to 2d 0 . we adopted this criterion to assess the validity of the equivalent dose estimates, as the suitability of the linear component for dating has not been established62. for all investigated samples, at least half of the aliquots returned equivalent doses above the 2d 0 limit, as illustrated in extended data fig. 9e for samples dub1006-f(i) and (ii) from the engraved shell. from this, we infer that the sample equivalent dose must be greater than the 2d 0 value, that is, the sample-average saturation limit (2d 0 ) provides a minimum equivalent dose estimate (table 1).
as only minimum equivalent doses can be obtained, we can only provide minimum age estimates based on the luminescence dating analysis. however, we should consider that these minimum ages might be affected by incomplete resetting of the pirir signal at the time of deposition. pirir remnant doses for modern deposits may range from less than 10 gy for aeolian and beach samples20 up to 55 gy for glacial outwash deposits21. for the trinil hauptknochenschicht deposits (supplementary information sections 1 and 2), we assume a residual dose of 30 ± 15 gy at the time of deposition, where the 2σ range encompasses all reported literature remnant dose values for modern samples. we subtract this residual dose from the minimum equivalent dose to obtain an estimate of the minimum palaeodose (that is, the dose absorbed since the time of deposition and burial). as all samples are from similar depositional environments, the uncertainty on this estimate is regarded as a systematic error shared by the samples.
by combining the minimum palaeodose and dose rate for each sample, minimum ages are obtained for the cemented sediment infill of the investigated shells from the hauptknochenschicht. as all samples are from the same stratigraphic layer (the trinil hauptknochenschicht), the oldest result could be interpreted as the minimum age for these deposits. however, given that all samples return similar results, we prefer a more conservative and robust approach based on an average of all samples, taking into account their shared uncertainties (systematic uncertainty ∼10%).
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ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ prɛs riˈlis wɑz sɛnt tɪ ə smɔl ˈnəmbər əv ˈʤərnəlɪsts ðɪs ˌæftərˈnun. prɛs riˈlis. ɪmˈbɑrgoʊd ənˈtɪl ɔn 9 dɪˈsɛmbər 2016 ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən tɪ kəˈmɛns ɪn ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ kɔrts. ðɪs ˈivnɪŋ æt, ˈlidɪŋ ˈbɛrɪstər ənd kæmˈpeɪnər ɔn tæks ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks wɪl lɔnʧ ə bɪd tɪ ɪn ˈgræsˈruts doʊˈneɪʃənz tɪ ˈkəvər ðə kɔsts əv ən ˈækʃən ɪn ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ haɪ kɔrt wɪʧ wɪl eɪm tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ˈwɛðər ən ˈɑrtɪkəl 50 ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃən sɛnt baɪ ðə wʊd bi ˈrɛvəkəbəl æt ə fˈjuʧər deɪt. ðə dɪˈfɛndənts wɪl bi ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ steɪt, ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ənd ðə kəˈmɪʃən ənd ðə ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ˈpleɪnɪfs wɪl bi meps*. ðə kleɪm əˈlɛʤɪz ðət ˈɑrtɪkəl 50 meɪ, ɪn fækt, ɔˈrɛdi hæv bɪn ˈtrɪgərd. ɪf ɪt həz bɪn ˈtrɪgərd ðɛn ðə kəˈmɪʃən ɪz ɪn briʧ əv ɪts ˈtriti ˈdutiz θru ˈrɔŋli rɪfˈjuzɪŋ tɪ kəˈmɛns nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wɪθ ðə. bət ɪf ɪt həz nɑt, ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ənd ˈaɪrɪʃ steɪt ər ɪn briʧ əv ðɛr ˈtriti ˈdutiz ɪn ˈrɔŋli ɪkˈskludɪŋ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm frəm ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmitɪŋz. ðə ˈpleɪnɪfs wɪl seɪ ðət ðeɪ ˈsəfər ə prəˈspɛktɪv ˌdɛprəˈveɪʃən əv ðɛr raɪts əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðiz ˈbriʧɪz. ənd ðət tɪ riˈzɑlv ðiz dɪˈspjuts ɪt wɪl bi ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ rɪˈfər ˈsərtən kˈwɛsʧənz tɪ ðə kɔrt əv ˈʤəstɪs əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən. sɛd: əˈsaɪd ðə ˈligəl ˈnaɪsɪtiz, wət noʊ wən kən dɪˈspjut ɪz ðət ðɛr ər ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kˈwɛsʧənz tɪ ˈænsər. ˈpɑrləmɛnt kənˈtroʊl ðə tərmz ɔn wɪʧ wi? kʊd wi hæv ə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm ɔn ðə ˈfaɪnəl dil ər ɪz ðə ˈkɑnsəkwəns əv ˈtrɪgərɪŋ ˈɑrtɪkəl 50 ðət wi wɪl liv ðə ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə tərmz? baɪ ˈtrɪgərɪŋ ˈɑrtɪkəl 50 dɪz ðə ˈɔlsoʊ liv ðə eea*, ər ɪz ðɛr ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ meɪk əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər wi rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɛriə ənd ˈsɪŋgəl ˈmɑrkɪt? ðoʊz hu ˈvoʊtɪd liv ənd rɪˈmeɪn; ðə ˈpipəl ənd ˈgəvərnmənt əv ˈaɪərlənd dɪˈzərvz tɪ noʊ ðə ˈænsər tɪ ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz. ˈpipəl məst plæn ðɛr lɪvz. ˈbɪznɪsɪz nid ˈsərtənti tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst. ðə ˈpipəl əv ˈaɪərlənd ər ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ ə ˈgəvərnmənt ðət kən wərk fər ðə bɛst ˈpɑsəbəl fˈjuʧər fər ˈaɪərlənd. raɪt ðət wi ɔl hæv ðə ˈmæksəməm ˈsərtənti ðət ðə lɔ kən gɪv. ənd rɪˈfərɪŋ ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz tɪ ðə kɔrt əv ˈʤəstɪs əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ðət certainty.”*.” ðiz stɛps hæv bɪn ˈteɪkən ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ədˈvaɪs frəm ðə ˈlidɪŋ ˈdəblɪn fərm, məˈgɑr səˈlɪsətərz, ənd ˈsinjər ˈkaʊnsəl ɪkˈwɪvələnt tɪ æt ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ bɑr. ju kən rɛd hir ə ˈkɑpi əv ə ˈsteɪtmənt əv kleɪm ðə ˈɑpərətɪv pɑrt əv ðə ˈfɔrməl ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ðət wɪl kəˈmɛns ðə kleɪm ˈsɛtəld baɪ ˈʤoʊzəf ˈdɔlbi sc*. ju kən rɛd ðə kraʊd ˈʤəstɪs bɪd wɪʧ ˈaʊˌtlaɪnz ɪn ˈgreɪtər ˈditeɪl ðə keɪs fər ˈteɪkɪŋ ðiz stɛps hir. fər ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈditeɪl ju meɪ wɪʃ tɪ rɛd ðɪs pis ɔn ðə əv ˈɑrtɪkəl 50 ənd ðɪs ɔn ɑr fˈjuʧər riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə eea*. ˈfɑloʊ
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the following press release was sent to a small number of journalists this afternoon.
press release. embargoed until 10pm gmt on 9 december 2016
brexit litigation to commence in the irish courts.
this evening at 10pm, leading barrister and campaigner on tax and politics jolyon maugham qc will launch a bid to crowdfund £70,000 in grassroots donations to cover the costs of an action in the irish high court which will aim to establish whether an article 50 notification sent by the uk would be revocable at a future date.
the defendants will be the irish state, the council and the commission and the anticipated plaintiffs will be uk meps. the claim alleges that article 50 may, in fact, already have been triggered. if it has been triggered then the commission is in breach of its treaty duties through wrongly refusing to commence negotiations with the uk. but if it has not, the council and irish state are in breach of their treaty duties in wrongly excluding the united kingdom from council meetings.
the plaintiffs will say that they suffer a prospective deprivation of their rights associated with these breaches. and that to resolve these disputes it will be necessary to refer certain questions to the court of justice of the european union.
jolyon maugham qc said:
“put aside the legal niceties, what no one can dispute is that there are incredibly important questions to answer.
“should parliament control the terms on which we brexit? could we have a referendum on the final deal – or is the consequence of triggering article 50 that we will leave the eu whatever the terms? by triggering article 50, does the uk also leave the eea, or is there a separate decision to make about whether we remain in the european economic area and single market?
“everyone – those who voted leave and remain; the people and government of ireland – deserves to know the answer to these questions. people must plan their lives. businesses need certainty to invest. the people of ireland are entitled to a government that can work for the best possible future for ireland. right that we all have the maximum certainty that the law can give. and referring these questions to the court of justice of the european union is the only way to deliver that certainty.”
these steps have been taken following advice from the leading dublin firm, mcgarr solicitors, and senior counsel – equivalent to uk qcs – at the irish bar.
you can read here a copy of a statement of claim – the operative part of the formal document that will commence the claim – settled by joseph dalby sc.
mep-v-eu-ireland
you can read the crowd justice bid – which outlines in greater detail the case for taking these steps – here.
for background detail you may wish to read this piece on the revocability of article 50 and this on our future relationship with the eea.
follow @jolyonmaugham
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ə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈɑrtɪst həz bɪn ərˈɛstɪd ˈæftər ʃi tʊk ə ˈsɛlˌfi əv hər vəˈʤaɪnə, iˈmeɪld ɪt tɪ 30 ˈpipəl, skænd ɪt ˈɪntu ə ˈprɪnər, ənd ðə kriˈeɪtɪd ə kaɪæk aʊt əv ɪt. ˌigɑˈrɑʃi həz meɪd ə kərɪr aʊt əv ˈjuzɪŋ hər vəˈʤaɪnə fər hər ɑrt, ənd hər eɪm ɪz tɪ diˈmɪstəˌfaɪ vju əv ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl əˈnætəmi. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hər ˈleɪtəst ˈprɑʤɛkt sɔ hər fɔl faʊl əv ˌʤæpəˈniz əbˈsɛnɪti lɔz, ənd ʃi həz sɪns bɪn ərˈɛstɪd bɪˈkəz ʃi iˈmeɪld ðə ˈɪmɪʤ əv hər ʤɛnəˈtɑljə tɪ 30 ˈpipəl. ˌigɑˈrɑʃi hæd bɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ ˈprɑˌgrɛs hər kərɪr əˈweɪ frəm kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈskəlpʧərz ənd ɑrt əv ðət ʃi hæd kriˈeɪtɪd wɪθ hər hænd. ʃi ˈrisəntli tʊk tɪ hər blɔg tɪ raɪt: baɪ hænd ɪz nɑt ˈsutəbəl fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ lɑrʤ ɑrt ˈpisɪz səʧ ɛz ə dɔr, ə kɑr, ər ə boʊt. aɪ wɑz ˈwəndərɪŋ haʊ aɪ kən meɪk ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl, ənd ðɛn aɪ ˈfaɪnəli faʊnd ðət ˈskænər kən meɪk ɪt ˈhæpən easily!”*!” ʃi ˈəˌploʊdɪd ðɪs poʊst ɛz ə weɪ əv ˈæskɪŋ fər ˈməni ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ baɪ ðə ˈskænər, wɪʧ ʃi ðɛn juzd tɪ kriˈeɪt mɔr ɛkˈstrævəgənt ˈpisɪz əv wət ʃi kɔlz ˈmæŋkoʊ, ðə krud ˌʤæpəˈniz slæŋ wərd fər vəˈʤaɪnə. ˈskænər kən bi juzd tɪ meɪk ə boʊt ðət aɪ wɪl [juz tɪ] goʊ əˈkrɔs ðə ocean,”*,” ʃi ˈædɪd. ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd ðə kɔst. aɪ ˈkænɑt əˈfɔrd ɪt nɔr juz ðə ˈskænər alone.”*.” ˌigɑˈrɑʃi ðɛn ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd hər plæn tɪ hər ˈfɑloʊərz: hir ɪz maɪ rɪkˈwɛst fər jʊr səˈpɔrt tɪ meɪk ðə fərst skænd vəˈʤaɪnə boʊt ðət goʊz bɪɔnd ðə seas.”*.” ˈklɪrli, ˌigɑˈrɑʃi rɪˈsivd ðə fəndz ðət ʃi dɪˈzaɪərd ɛz wən əv ðə ˈɪmɪʤɪz əˈbəv ʃoʊz hər sˈwɪmɪŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd hər kaɪæk, ˌhaʊˈɛvər naʊ bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ʃi ɪz ˈkərəntli biɪŋ hɛld ɪn ə ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ˈprɪzən bɪˈkəz əv ðə ““obscene”*” iˈmeɪl ðət ʃi sɛnt tɪ hər fænz. ɔn hər blɔg, ˌigɑˈrɑʃi həz ˈpriviəsli ˈrɪtən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi əv hər wərk ənd ʃi həz ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət ʃi ˈsɪmpli faʊnd ɪt ˈfəni tɪ ““decorate”*” ənd meɪk hər vəˈʤaɪnə ˈɪntu ə diorama*. ʃi ˈædɪd ðət ʃi wɑz səˈpraɪzd ˈpipəl gɑt soʊ ˈəpˌsɛt æt siɪŋ hər wərk ər ˈivɪn ˈhirɪŋ hər seɪ ðə wərd ““manko.”*.” ənd vəˈʤaɪnə, hæv bɪn səʧ ə tæˈbu ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz society,”*,” ʃi scribed*. ““penis*, ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, həz bɪn juzd ɪn ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz ənd həz bɪˈkəm ə pɑrt əv pɑp ˈkəlʧər. bət vəˈʤaɪnə həz ˈnɛvər bɪn soʊ kjut. vəˈʤaɪnə həz bɪn ðoʊ tɪ bi əbˈsin bɪˈkəz ɪts bɪn ˈoʊvərli ˈhɪdən; ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt ɪz ʤɪst pɑrt əv ə body.”*.” [ˈɪmɪʤ ˈviə tˈwɪtər]
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a japanese artist has been arrested after she took a selfie of her vagina, emailed it to 30 people, scanned it into a 3d printer, and the created a kayak out of it.
megumi igarashi has made a career out of using her vagina for her art, and her aim is to demystify japan’s view of the female anatomy. however, her latest project saw her fall foul of japanese obscenity laws, and she has since been arrested because she emailed the 3d image of her genitalia to 30 people.
42-year-old igarashi had been looking to progress her career away from creating sculptures and art of vaginas that she had created with her hand. she recently took to her blog to write: “mould by hand is not suitable for making large art pieces such as a door, a car, or a boat. i was wondering how i can make it possible, and then i finally found that 3d scanner can make it happen easily!”
she uploaded this post as a way of asking for money in order to buy the 3d scanner, which she then used to create more extravagant pieces of what she calls manko, the crude japanese slang word for vagina.
“a 3d scanner can be used to make a boat that i will [use to] go across the ocean,” she added. “but the problem is the technology and the cost. i cannot afford it nor use the scanner alone.” igarashi then outlined her plan to her followers: “so here is my request for your support to make the world’s first 3d scanned vagina boat that goes beyond the seas.”
clearly, igarashi received the funds that she desired as one of the images above shows her swimming inside her kayak, however it’s now been reported that she is currently being held in a tokyo prison because of the “obscene” email that she sent to her fans.
on her blog, igarashi has previously written about the controversy of her work and she has insisted that she simply found it funny to “decorate” and make her vagina into a diorama. she added that she was surprised people got so upset at seeing her work or even hearing her say the word “manko.”
“manko and vagina, have been such a taboo in japanese society,” she scribed. “penis, on the other hand, has been used in illustrations and has become a part of pop culture. but vagina has never been so cute. vagina has been though to be obscene because its been overly hidden; although it is just part of a woman’s body.”
[image via twitter]
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geɪm ˈθɪri haʊ kən ðɛr bi ril ɪˈkɑnəmiz ɪn ˈvərʧuəl geɪmz? wɪn pleɪərz ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ˈsərtən rɪkˈwaɪrmənts səʧ ɛz ˈsɑlvɪŋ ə ˈpəzəl, kəmˈplitɪŋ ən tæsk, ər dɪˈfitɪŋ ən əˈpoʊnənt, ən ˈaɪtəm wɪθ ˈvɛriəbəl ˈprɑpərtiz ɪz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd. moʊst səʧ ˈprɑpərtiz meɪk ðə pleɪər ˈkɛrɪktər mɔr ˈpaʊərfəl. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, əˈlaʊɪŋ ðə pleɪər tɪ du mɔr ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ əˈpoʊnənts, sərˈvaɪv ˈlɔŋgər ɪn ˈkɑmbæt, ər sˈlaɪtli nəʤ ðə ɑdz ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈbɛtər ˈaɪtəmz. ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpɑsəbəl ˈprɑpərtiz ɪz ɪˈnɔrmɪs, ənd ðə ˈmægnəˌtud əv iʧ ˈprɑpərti ˈɔlsoʊ ˈvɛriz, ˈhævɪŋ ən ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ən sɛl ˈvælju. ən ˈaɪtəm ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈkɛrɪktər twaɪs ɛz ˈpaʊərfəl sɛlz fər ˈɔrdərz əv ˈmægnəˌtud mɔr ðən wən ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈkɛrɪktər taɪmz ɛz ˈpaʊərfəl. ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈdɪfərəns kən ɪkˈweɪt tɪ ˈhənərdz əv ˈdɔlərz. ðəs, ən ˈaɪtəm ðət pəˈzɛsɪz boʊθ ðə raɪt ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ˈprɑpərtiz ənd ɪn səˈfɪʃənt kˈwɑntəti ɪz ɪkˈsidɪŋli rɛr, ənd kəˈmændz ə praɪs rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ðɪs ˈrɛrɪti. æt ɪts moʊst ɪkˈstrim, ˈaɪtəmz kən fɛʧ ˈpraɪsɪz ɪn ðə ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈdɔlərz. moʊst ˈaɪtəmz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, du nɑt riʧ ðɪs dɪˈgri əv ˈrɛrɪti ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd ər soʊld fər smɔl səmz ər nɑt soʊld æt ɔl. bət ɔl ðiz blæk ˈmɑrkɪts doʊnt meɪk ðə ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈɛni ˈrɪʧər. ðæts waɪ ˈblɪzərd ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə weɪ tɪ gɪt ɪn ɔn ðə ˈækʃən. wɪθ nɛkst mənθs lɔnʧ, ˈgeɪmərz kən sɛl ðɛr ˈdɪʤɪtəl pəˈzɛʃənz səʧ ɛz ə ˈwɛpən ər pɛr əv buts fər jʊr ˈævəˌtɑr ɪn ðə geɪmz oʊn ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈɔkʃən haʊs. ðə fərst fju ˈlɪstɪŋz pər mənθ ɔn ðə ˈɔkʃən haʊs wɪl bi fri. ˈæftər ðət, ˈtreɪdərz wɪl peɪ ə fɪkst fi tɪ sɛl ðɛr ˈdɪʤɪtəl wɛrz. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðoʊz hu stænd tɪ meɪk ðə moʊst ˈməni wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ peɪ ðə haɪəst ˈkjumjələtɪv trænˈzækʃən fiz. ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs ˈvərsəz. ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪmˈplɔɪɪŋ səʧ ə ˈbɪznɪs ˈmɑdəl ʃʊd ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtənli wɪl dɪˈklɛr ðiz ˈərnɪŋz ɪn ðɛr tæks ˈfaɪlɪŋz. fər pleɪərz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈligəl brɪʤ bɪtˈwin ˈvərʧuəl ənd ril ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪz ˈfəzi. waɪl pəˈzɛʃənz soʊld fər ˈdɔlərz" ˈsərtənli kˈwɑləˌfaɪz ɛz ˈɪnˌkəm, ˈmɛni pleɪərz maɪt nɑt rɪˈpɔrt səʧ ˈɪnˌkəm. ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən ɛndz wɪθ dɪˈklɛrɪŋ ɪts oʊn ˈərnɪŋz. ðɪs ˈpɛrəˌdaɪs wɪl bi ə ˈnaɪtˌmɛr fər boʊθ ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl tæks ˈeɪʤənsiz. wən nid ˈoʊnli hæv ə əˈkaʊnt tɪ bɪˈgɪn ˈsɛlɪŋ ˈaɪtəmz ɪn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt, ənd ˈmɛni hu mit ðət kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃən ˈlaɪkli ər nɑt kənˈsɪdərɪŋ tæks ˌræməfəˈkeɪʃənz wɪn duɪŋ soʊ. ɪt simz kwaɪt ˈlaɪkli ðət ðiz ˈvərʧuəl ɪˈkɑnəmiz wɪl ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ ðə seɪm speɪs ðət ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈpoʊkər dɪd ə ˈdɛkeɪd əˈgoʊ. ˈɪnˌkəm ðət ʃʊd bi tækst æt ðə pleɪər ˈlɛvəl wɪl ɪˈskeɪp ðə aɪ əv ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs. ˈmərkiər stɪl ɪz ðə ˈligəl ˈstætəs əv pəˈzɛʃənz soʊld fər ˈkrɛdɪt. ˈrəðər ðən ˈɑptɪŋ tɪ sɛl ˈdɪʤɪtəl bɪts fər ˈdɔlərz, pleɪərz kən ˌɪnˈstɛd əˈplaɪ ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkərənsi təˈwɔrd ˈkrɛdɪt wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈəmˌbrɛlə əv ðə ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈkəmpəniz ˈɔfərɪŋz. ɪn ðɪs ˈmɑdəl, ə pleɪər kən sɛl ən ˈaɪtəm, bət ˈrəðər ðən kəˈlɛkt ˈkərənsi ðət kən bi spɛnt ɔn ˈɛni kəˈmɑdəti, ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈlɪmət ɪm ər hərˈsɛlf tɪ ˈprɑdəkts ˈoʊnli ˈɔfərd baɪ ðə ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌni. ə pleɪər hu sɛlz ən ˈaɪtəm ɪn ˌdiˈæbloʊ kʊd peɪ səbˈskrɪpʃən fiz təˈwɔrd wərld əv ˈwɔrˌkræft, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. waɪl səʧ ə pleɪər ənˈdaʊtɪdli geɪnz ˈæˌsɛts ɪn ðɪs ˈmɑdəl, ðeɪ ˈnɛvər ˈvɪzəbli əˈkru əˈdɪʃənəl ˈərnɪŋz ɪn ðɛr bæŋk əˈkaʊnt.
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game theory
how can there be real economies in virtual games? when players satisfy certain requirements such as solving a puzzle, completing an in-game task, or defeating an opponent, an in-game item with variable properties is sometimes generated. most such properties make the player character more powerful. for example, allowing the player to do more damage to opponents, survive longer in combat, or slightly nudge the odds in favor of finding better items.
the number of possible properties is enormous, and the magnitude of each property also varies, having an enormous impact on an item's sell value. an item making a character twice as powerful sells for orders of magnitude more than one making a character 1.99 times as powerful. a single percent's difference can equate to hundreds of dollars. thus, an item that possesses both the right combination of properties and in sufficient quantity is exceedingly rare, and commands a price reflecting this rarity. at its most extreme, big-ticket items can fetch prices in the thousands of dollars. most items, however, do not reach this degree of rarity and instead are sold for small sums or not sold at all.
but all these black markets don't make the gaming companies any richer. that's why blizzard entertainment is looking for a way to get in on the action. with next month's paypal-integrated launch, gamers can sell their digital possessions -- such as a weapon or pair of boots for your avatar -- in the game's own online auction house. the first few listings per month on the auction house will be free. after that, high-volume traders will pay a fixed fee to sell their digital wares. as a result, those who stand to make the most money will also pay the highest cumulative transaction fees.
irs vs. mmrpg
companies employing such a business model should -- and almost certainly will -- declare these earnings in their tax filings. for players, however, the legal bridge between virtual and real economy is fuzzy. while "in-game possessions sold for dollars" certainly qualifies as income, many players might not report such income. blizzard's obligation ends with declaring its own earnings. this gamer's paradise will be a nightmare for both the irs and international tax agencies.
one need only have a paypal account to begin selling items in the in-game market, and many who meet that qualification likely are not considering tax ramifications when doing so. it seems quite likely that these virtual economies will occupy the same space that online poker did a decade ago. income that should be taxed at the player level will escape the eye of the irs.
murkier still is the legal status of possessions sold for credit. rather than opting to sell digital bits for dollars, players can instead apply digital currency toward credit within the umbrella of the gaming company's offerings. in this model, a player can sell an item, but rather than collect currency that can be spent on any commodity, instead limit him or herself to products only offered by the gaming company. a player who sells an item in diablo iii could pay subscription fees toward blizzard's world of warcraft, for example. while such a player undoubtedly gains assets in this model, they never visibly accrue additional earnings in their bank account.
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rolfing* bæk ɪn voʊg, bət wɪθ ˈʃeɪki ˈɛvədəns ˈtɑgəl ˈkæpʃən ʤeɪmz ɛz aɪ ˈoʊpən ðə dɔr tɪ ə ˈsəmˈwət ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈɔfəs ɪn ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, əm kwaɪt ˈsərtən aɪ wɪl nɑt bi ˈgɪtɪŋ ə kaɪnd əv ə məˈsɑʒ ðə kaɪnd ðət wɪl liv mi ˈfeɪsˈdaʊn ɪn maɪ oʊn drul. aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ðɪs tɪ bi ˈpeɪnfəl. ðæts wət aɪv bɪn toʊld ˈɛniˌweɪ. grɛg, ə ˈsərtəˌfaɪd ənd ˈrɛʤɪstərd nərs wɪθ ə lɔɪəl ˈfɑloʊɪŋ, tɛlz mi tɪ laɪ ɔn maɪ bæk. ˈstrəkʧərəl ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən ɪz ə taɪp əv dip ˈrɪli dip məˈsɑʒ ðət wɑz læst ˈpɑpjələr wɪn ˈnɪksən wɑz ˈprɛzɪdənt. wɛl, həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈfeɪvərɪt əˈgɛn ðɪs taɪm əˈməŋ ðə kraʊd. "θru hir, ɪt filz laɪk əm ˈkəmɪŋ əp əˈgɛnst ə wɔl," hi sɪz. "ðɛrz nɑt ə lɔt əv gɪv." həz kaɪnd aɪz ənd strɔŋ hænz. ər θəmz. aɪ θɪŋk ðæts wəts ˈprɛsɪŋ ˈɪntu maɪ nɛk. wɑz neɪmd ˈæftər ɪts ˈfaʊndər, ən əˈmɛrɪkən ˌbaɪoʊˈkɛmɪst neɪmd ˈaɪdə roʊlf. hər oʊn hɛlθ ˈprɑbləmz lɛd hər tɪ bɪˈliv ðət dip ˈtɛnʃən ˈivɪn maɪld ˈfɪzɪkəl dɪˈfɔrmətiz ɪn ˈʧɪldrən, laɪk ˈpɪʤɪn toʊz kʊd bi rɪˈlivd baɪ ˈprɛsɪŋ ˈɪntu ə taɪp əv ˈtɪʃu kɔld. fˈjuzɪz skɪn tɪ ˈməsəl ənd ˈməsəl tɪ boʊn, ənd ɪt kaɪnd əv kips ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪn pleɪs, laɪk ə snəg pɛr əv ˈpæntiˌhoʊz. sˈlaʊʧɪŋ ˈoʊvər ə kəmˈpjutər ənd əraʊnd kɪdz kən ˈtaɪtən ənd ˈʃɔrtən jʊr ˈməsəlz, ənd wɪθ ðɛm, ðə daʊn, laɪk wən əv ðoʊz bif ˈʤərki bægz., laɪk, bɪˈliv ˈstrɛʧɪŋ aʊt ðə ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪt tɪ bi mɔr sɔft ənd ˈplaɪəbəl kən ˌɪmˈpruv ˈpɑsʧər ənd strɛŋθ, ənd ˈoʊvər taɪm, rɪˈdus eɪks ənd peɪn. ə ˈkloʊzər lʊk sɪns aɪ hæd ʤɪst hæd maɪ ˈflætənd, aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ si wət ɪt lʊks laɪk. soʊ aɪ hɛd tɪ ðə kəˈdævər læb ɪn ðə ˈbeɪsmənt əv ˈstænfərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ʃrivɑˈstɑvə, ə fəˈzɪʃən æt ˈstænfərdz dɪˈvɪʒən əv ˈklɪnɪkəl əˈnætəmi, ənd aɪ ər ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə ɔn ə ˈpɑrʃəli daɪˈsɛktəd ˈjumən lɛg. "ðɪs ɪz wət lʊks laɪk," hi sɪz. ɪt ˈɔlˌmoʊst lʊks laɪk ðə θɪn leɪər əv waɪt fɪlm ju hæv ˈæftər ju ə ˈʧɪkən ənd pʊl ðə skɪn ɔf əv ɪt. ɪf ðɪs ˈpərsən hæd bæd ˈpɑsʧər ər ə ˈkrɑnɪk ˈɪnʤəri, seɪ ðə wʊd ˈtaɪtən, θroʊɪŋ ɔf ðə ˈpərsənz geɪt ənd ˈpɑsəbli ˈlidɪŋ tɪ loʊər bæk peɪn ər ˈəðər eɪks. bɪɔnd ɪts ə ˈθɪri ðət ɪz ˈlɑrʤli ˈteɪkən ɔn feɪθ, ˈmɛni ˈrisərʧərz seɪ. wʊlf ˈmɛlɪŋ ɪz ə ˈmænjuəl ˈmɛdəsən fəˈzɪʃən æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ hu trits ˈpeɪʃənz wɪθ ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈəðər kaɪnz əv məˈsɑʒ. stɪl, hi sɪz, ɪts hɑrd tɪ seɪ ɪf kən lɛd tɪ ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈstrəkʧərəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə ˈbɑdi. bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə ˈɪzənt ʤɪst fər ˈeɪki ˈædəlts: ˈbeɪbiz, ðə ˈɛldərli ənd ˈivɪn ˈhɔrsɪz kən ɔl rɪˈsiv ɪt. bət tɪ bi ə ril, prækˈtɪʃənərz məst bi treɪnd ənd ˈsərtəˌfaɪd baɪ ðə roʊlf ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ˈstrəkʧərəl ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən. "kəm frəm ɔl wɔks əv laɪf," sɪz ˈsuzən ˈwɪntər, ə ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən fər ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut. səm ər məˈsɑʒ ˈθɛrəpɪsts ər ˈnərsɪz, waɪl ˈəðərz ər ˈtoʊtəli nu tɪ bodywork*. ðə ˌsərtəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈproʊˌgræm teɪks ə jɪr tɪ 18 mənθs tɪ kəmˈplit. ˈstudənts lərn əˈbaʊt əˈnætəmi ənd ˈɛθɪks, ənd ðeɪ rɪˈsiv ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən ɪn ðə ˈɪnstɪtuts ˈspɛʃəl brænd əv ˌθɛrəˈpjutɪk təʧ. ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut ˈɔfərz θri taɪps əv ˌsərtəfəˈkeɪʃən: æt ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈlɛvəl, ˈstudənts bɪˈkəm ˈsərtəˌfaɪd. ðɛn ðɛr ər ˈsərtəˌfaɪd ədˈvænst, hu hæv æt list θri jɪrz əv ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd kəmˈplitɪd ðə ədˈvænst ˈtreɪnɪŋ kɔrs. roʊlf ˈmuvmənt prækˈtɪʃənərz kəmˈplit ən əˈdɪʃənəl kɔrs ðət læsts 18 deɪz. tɪ faɪnd ə hu həz rɪˈsivd ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈtreɪnɪŋ, ˈvɪzɪt ðə ˈɪnstɪtuts ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ˈwɪtni blɛr ˈwɪkɔf "tɪ maɪ ˈnɑlɪʤ, ðɛr həz bɪn noʊ ˈrændəˌmaɪzd, kənˈtroʊld traɪəlz kəmˈpɛrɪŋ wɪθ ˈəðər taɪps əv məˈsɑʒ ər bodywork*," hi sɪz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈmɛlɪŋ ənd ˈəðər ˈrisərʧərz, ðə fju ˈstədiz ðət hæv bɪn dən ər tu ˈlɪmɪtɪd ər flɔd tɪ drɔ ˈɛni kənˈkluʒənz əˈbaʊt ˈifɛktɪvnəs. rɑb, hɛd əv ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈθɛrəpi æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈsəðərn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, sɪz ðə fəˈlɑsəfi əv meɪks sɛns ɪf ju kən ˈlusən əp ənd ˌɪmˈpruv jʊr ˈpɑsʧər, jʊr ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈbɑdi ˈmuvmənt ˌɪmˈpruvz, tu. ˌɪnˈdid, ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈθɛrəpɪsts ər treɪnd tɪ wərk ɔn sɔft ˈtɪʃu, laɪk. ɪts ʤɪst ðət ðeɪ wərk ɔn ˈəðər θɪŋz, tu ʤɔɪnts ənd ˈməsəlz ənd ˈlɪgəmənts. ənd ðət, sɪz, ɪz waɪ ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈkʊdənt stænd əp ɪn ə ˈklɪnɪkəl traɪəl. "aɪ daʊt ɪf ɪt wɪl ɛnd əp biɪŋ, 'oʊ ðɪs ɪz ðə θɪŋ,' bɪˈkəz ɑr ˈprɑbləmz ɛnd əp biɪŋ multifactorial*," hi sɪz. "soʊ, ɪts ˈdaʊtfəl ðət ˈɛni ˈsɪŋgəl əˈproʊʧ ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ fɪks ˈɛvriˌbɑdi." mɔr ˈlaɪkli, sɪz, ɪz ðət kʊd bi ʃoʊn tɪ wərk fər ˈsərtən ˈprɑbləmz laɪk loʊ bæk peɪn, wɪn kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ˈstrɛŋθənɪŋ ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz ənd ˈbɛtər ˈpɑsʧər. bæk tɪ ðə bæk wɪʧ brɪŋz ˈjuˈɛs bæk tɪ maɪ bæk. ˈæftər ˈprɛsɪŋ ˈdipli ˈɪntu maɪ raɪt ˈʃoʊldər ənd nɛk, maɪ grɛg æsks mi tɪ stænd əp ənd lʊk ɪn ðə ˈmɪrər. "du ju si haʊ ðə lɛft saɪd ɪz stɪl ˈgræbɪŋ?" æsks. "ðɛrz ʤɪst mɔr ˈsɔftnəs θru hir. du ju fil ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈmuvmənt?" "ɪt filz mɔr rɪˈlækst, mɔr fluɪd," aɪ seɪ. ənd ɪts tru: wən ˈʃoʊldər həz ən ˈizi, ˈgreɪsfəl sloʊp. ðə ˈəðər ɪz hənʧt əp, laɪk ɪt ˈɔfən ɪz. ɛz aɪ pʊt maɪ ʃuz bæk ɔn ə pɛr əv ˈvɛri hilz ənd slɪŋ maɪ ˈoʊvərˌsaɪzd, ˈoʊvərˌloʊdɪd pərs ˈɔntu maɪ ˈʃoʊldər, lʊks æt mi wɪθ ˈpɪti ənd ˌrɛzɪgˈneɪʃən. mi ənd maɪ, ɪt simz wɪr ə wərk ɪn ˈprɑˌgrɛs.
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