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it takes three years to truly grade an nfl draft, despite those immediate grades we all do the minute a player is picked and then again when the draft is complete.
those always come back to haunt draft graders like myself.
luckily, i can poke fun at myself when they do go bad and make their way around twitter and other avenues.
i do a lot of pointing out my mistakes here as i the 2014 nfl draft. looking back to three years ago is a fun exercise that i enjoy doing to see how teams hit and missed -- and how i did the same.
when the oakland raiders used their first two picks to take pass rusher khalil mack in the first round and then derek carr in the second round in 2014, i gave that draft a b grade at the time.
that's an a+ draft now. it's the draft that will keep the raiders in the playoff race for a long time. they have their franchise passer, who i wasn't so sure about when he came out, thus my previous b grade. (p.s. i loved mack.)
see, i can point out when i am wrong.
so dive into this 2014 nfl draft. i think you will find some interesting things, like how mr. never get anything wrong bill had a crappy draft. or how teams you thought had great drafts -- like the minnesota vikings -- didn't really hit the way you thought, while the washington redskins did.
arizona cardinals
2014 grade: b
the skinny: they had seven picks, and two of those picks enter the 2017 season as starters. pick was moved from safety to linebacker and has developed into a big part of their defense. receiver john brown is a threat when he can stay on the field. injuries slowed him last season. they also have backups in tight end troy, edge player kareem martin and defensive end ed stinson. has potential, but injuries have limited him to seven starts in two seasons.
how i did: i liked the pick of, and questioned taking in the second. i thought quarterback logan thomas could be a tight end and he busted out as a quarterback. so i did ok.
new grade: b-
atlanta falcons
2014 grade: b+
the skinny: they landed starting left tackle jake matthews in the first round and starting defensive tackle hageman in the second. matthews has been solid, while hageman has flashed at times. but the best pick came in the fourth round when they landed star runner freeman. they also got starting free safety ricardo allen in the fifth, but did miss on safety southward.
how i did: i gave them credit for getting bigger and stronger by taking matthews and hageman, but i also liked pick prince shembo, who started three games and was waived after getting in trouble with the law.
new grade: b+
baltimore ravens
2014 grade: b
the skinny: they had nine picks and six are still with the team, with pick c.j. mosley developing into a pro bowl linebacker. injuries have impacted some of the other players, and they traded pick timmy jernigan to the eagles this year. he started 24 games in three seasons, including 15 last season. the best value might be pick john urschel, who has started 13 games in three seasons and might be their starting center in 2017. pick terrence brooks was waived last september and now is with the eagles as a reserve. he showed promise as a rookie before tearing an.
how i did: i liked the pick of brooks, but it's hard to account for a major knee injury. i still think he would have been good if not for the injury. i thought defensive end brent urban was a nice pick, but injuries have slowed him in his three seasons.
new grade: c+
buffalo bills
2014 grade: c
the skinny: this was the draft the bills traded up with cleveland to take receiver sammy watkins, giving up their 2015 pick to do so. that has been a major fail, since they could have stayed put and taken odell beckham jr. watkins has talent, but injuries have kept him out of 11 games the past two seasons, including eight in 2016. the only one of their other six picks who is expected to push to be a starter in 2017 is linebacker preston brown, who was a pick. corner ross cockrell is now a starter for the steelers after being let go by the bills in 2015. they got some reserves in this draft who have started, including right tackle henderson, but this was not a good draft.
how i did: i questioned the decision to move up to get watkins, even though i liked him as a player. i liked the pick of brown in the third, and he has started 46 games in his three seasons. i thought guard cyril richardson would be a steal, but he started four games as a rookie, was on the practice squad in 2015 and then was released last year. he's with the bears now.
new grade: c-
carolina panthers
2014 grade: d
the skinny: they took receiver kelvin benjamin in the first round, and he hasn't been worth it -- yet. in fairness to him, he tore his in the summer before his second season and missed the entire year. but he now has weight issues and he wasn't as effective as expected last season. defensive end ealy was traded to the patriots this offseason, so that's a miss. they hit big on guard turner, who is arguably their best lineman and one of the better guards in the league, although his play dipped some last year. safety tre boston was a starter at times, but was let go this month. corner bene' started 14 games before being released last season.
how i did: i hit the evaluations. i questioned the pick of benjamin, saying there were better options. i thought turner was their best pick, and he has been that. i also thought was a steal in the fifth round, and he looked like it for seasons. he's now with the bengals.
new grade: c-
chicago bears
2014 grade: a
the skinny: they took corner kyle fuller in the first round and he looked like he might be a future star as a rookie. but his play tailed off to start 2015, and he missed all of last season with a knee injury. his bears career is at a crossroads as he enters 2017. of the other seven picks that year, only one -- tackle charles leno -- is expected to start in 2017. they missed on defensive tackle ego ferguson, who was let go in the spring. defensive tackle will sutton had 18 starts in three seasons, but he was released this month. running back carey is a backup.
how i did: i was terrible. i thought fuller would be the best corner in the class, and that's not close to being true. i also liked the picks of ferguson and sutton. the gem was safety brock vereen, who is no longer with the team after making four starts as a rookie.
new grade: d-
cincinnati bengals
2014 grade: c+
the skinny: they took corner dennard in the first round and he has four starts in three seasons. he will push to start in 2017. running back jeremy hill has been a solid starter, rushing for yards as a rookie. but he hasn't hit yards the past two seasons and the team just drafted joe mixon in the second round. pick will clarke hasn't developed enough as a pass rusher, which is why they took two defensive ends in this year's draft. pick russell bodine has been the starting center the past three seasons, although he has been below average. even so, that's good value. they also got backup quarterback mccarron in the fifth.
how i did: i didn't mind the dennard pick, but i wasn't thrilled with them taking hill in the second. bodine was my gem for that draft. i thought clarke was their best pick. oops.
new grade: c-
cleveland browns
2014 grade: b-
the skinny: this was the justin draft. that means it was a major flop. they took gilbert, the corner from oklahoma state, with the eighth overall pick. he made three starts before being released in 2016. he spent time with the steelers but they released him this year. he had attitude issues with the browns. had his troubles as well. he is now out of the league after making eight starts. the browns released him in march 2016 after a litany. the browns made amends with their next two picks, getting starting guard joel bitonio, who is a good player, and starting linebacker christian kirksey. the browns got a good year out of running back terrence west, but traded him to the titans in 2015 because of supposed maturity issues. he landed with the ravens last year and rushed for 774 yards.
how i did: i was as bad as the browns. i liked the decision to move up to get. yecch. i also liked the gilbert pick. if anything, this shows that we can't really know what's inside a kid's head, and evaluating players is much more than just watching tape.
new grade: d
johnny was a complete bust in cleveland.
dallas cowboys
2014 grade: b
the skinny: the cowboys had nine picks, but five of them were choices and none of the players is still with the team. but they nailed their pick, getting guard zack martin, one of the best in the league. pass rusher demarcus lawrence has flashed, but injuries have limited him to 16 starts. he is coming off his second back surgery, an injury that limited him to three starts last season. linebacker anthony hitchens has started 34 games in three seasons, including 16 in 2016. he has been a big hit coming in the fourth.
how i did: i liked the decision to take martin and lawrence, with lawrence being the guy i targeted as their best pick. i thought receiver devin street was the gem, but the cowboys let him go after two seasons with little in terms of production, and the patriots recently picked him up after the colts let him go.
new grade: b-
denver broncos
2014 grade: b+
the skinny: they took corner bradley roby in the first round and he has been a big part of their defense the past three seasons, serving as both the nickel corner and a part-time starter. he is a good player playing behind two really good corners. receiver cody latimer hasn't played to his draft status, and offensive lineman michael schofield is little more than a backup, although he has started at times. the steal of the draft was center matt paradis, who has developed into their best offensive lineman.
how i did: i liked the roby pick, but i also liked the latimer pick. that's one for two. paradis was my gem, so that's a hit as well.
new grade: b-
detroit lions
2014 grade: b-
the skinny: they took tight end eric ebron in the first round, and he has started 27 games the past three seasons. he is a solid player who hasn't played like a tight end, although he did have 61 catches last season. linebacker kyle van just won a super bowl with the patriots after being traded there last season. he was never more than solid with the lions. the hit in the draft came in the third round when they took center travis swanson, who is their starter when he's healthy. he missed four games last season with concussion issues, but he has started 31 games in three seasons. corner nevin lawson started 16 games last season and has been a nice find. receiver t.j. jones is still on the roster after missing his rookie season with a shoulder injury, but hasn't done much.
how i did: i questioned taking ebron in the first round while passing on a corner, and corner is still an issue for them. i liked the pick of van, and that didn't work out. my gem was pass end larry webster, and he is now with carolina.
new grade: c+
green bay packers
2014 grade: b
the skinny: safety ha ha has developed into one of the better players on their defense, while receiver adams is coming off his best season with 76 catches and 12 touchdowns. that's a nice hit at the top. but they got more than that. backup tight end richard rodgers came in the third and starting center corey linsley came in the fifth. he's the best pick of their draft from a value standpoint. corner goodson is still on the roster, as is receiver jeff janis. they missed on pick thornton, a defensive lineman who was cut after missing his rookie season with a hamstring injury. he is now with detroit, where he started six games last season.
how i did: i liked the pick of adams the most, and that looked shaky until last season. i also liked the pick of to give them range on the back end. the gem was goodson, and he did start three games last year when injuries hit.
new grade: b+
houston texans
2014 grade: b+
the skinny: they took clowney no. 1 overall, and after a slow start to his career he has turned into a good pass rusher. his best football is still to come. guard xavier started 15 games last season, giving him 25 starts in three seasons. that's good value, even if he's just average. tight end c.j. has developed into a quality pass catcher and is their starting tight end. quarterback tom savage, who enters this season as the starter, came in the fourth round. backup running back alfred blue came in the sixth and andre hal, who has developed into a nice starting safety, was taken in the seventh, which makes him the best value pick. they missed big on nose tackle louis nix..
how i did: i said the clowney pick was their best -- even though passing on a quarterback was risky. i questioned not taking a quarterback until the fourth round, and my gem was defensive tackle pagan. he was waived last summer.
new grade: a
indianapolis colts
2014 grade: c
the skinny: they didn't have a pick because they traded it to cleveland for running back trent richardson, who was a bust. that was an awful move. offensive lineman jake has developed into a good guard, while receiver moncrief has started 19 games, but he is coming off an season that saw him miss time with a fractured scapula and a hamstring issue. those two are the only players on the roster from that draft. that's one of the reasons the roster isn't very good.
how i did: i liked the pick of moncrief in the second, and i questioned the trade for richardson in a big way. who didn't? my gem was pick jonathan newsome, and when he had sacks as a rookie that looked like a good pick. but then he had issues, his play tailed off and he was released in 2016.
new grade: d
jacksonville jaguars
2014 grade: a
the skinny: this will be the blake draft for jacksonville, which means it won't get the due it deserves., the third overall pick, hasn't lived up to expectations and enters 2017 playing for his job. but the team made amends the rest of the draft. they got starting receivers lee and allen robinson in the second round and starting center brandon linder in the third. corner aaron colvin plays the slot in their scheme, and will again do so this season. linebacker smith is one of the on their defense. offensive lineman luke has stuck around as a backup with a handful of starts.
how i did: i loved the pick, and right now that doesn't look good. smith was my gem, and that has been a big-time hit. i liked what they did the rest of the way, and especially liked the pick of linder. if were a hit, this would be an unreal draft. since he isn't, the grade drops down.
new grade: b
kansas city chiefs
2014 grade: c+
the skinny: they took edge rusher dee ford in the first round, and after a slow start he has developed into a good pass rusher. they took corner phillip gaines in the second, and he has started 13 games, including five last season. injuries and inconsistency have plagued his career, but he does have talent. their best pick came at the end of the seventh round when they landed guard laurent from canada. he has developed into a quality starting guard who just got a contract extension this spring. backup offensive lineman zach fulton came in the sixth round.
how i did: i liked the pick of gaines in the third round, and that has just been ok because of injuries. i questioned taking ford in the first with and justin houston on the roster, but that has worked out for them. my gem was quarterback aaron murray, who is no longer with the team and was recently released by the rams.
new grade: b
miami dolphins
2014 grade: c
the skinny: the dolphins took starting right tackle james in the first round. he is a solid player who is coming off his best season. they took receiver jarvis landry in the second round, and he has become a big on their offense. backup defensive back walt aikens came in the fourth round and backup defensive end terrence fede came in the seventh. aikens has three career starts, and while fede has none he was part of the rotation last season.
how i did: i liked guard billy turner, and he flopped and was released last season. i questioned taking landry as high as they did, but he has proved to be a valuable player. my gem was linebacker jordan tripp. he is with his fourth team in green bay now.
new grade: b-
minnesota vikings
2014 grade: a
the skinny: the vikings had 10 picks, including two in the first round, but only one of those players -- linebacker anthony barr, their first pick -- is expected to be a sure starter in 2017. barr has developed into a good linebacker. quarterback teddy bridgewater, their other pick, was becoming a nice player before a devastating knee injury suffered last summer. the damage was extensive and he might not play this season. pick scott crichton saw limited time in his first two seasons, and then missed all of 2016 with an injury. he was waived in march and claimed by the bills, but he failed his physical. they did land running back mckinnon in the third, and he has become a nice part of their offense. backup safety antone exum came in the sixth round. the best hit of the draft came in the seventh round when they took defensive tackle stephen. he started 16 games last year and should again play a big role on their defense.
how i did: i liked the move to trade back into the first round to get bridgewater, but the injury clouds that now. my questionable move was taking mckinnon in the third, but that has proven to be a solid pick. my gem was exum and i loved the speed barr would bring to the defense.
new grade: c
new england patriots
2014 grade: b-
the skinny: the patriots had nine picks. of those, none are projected to be starters for new england in 2017. ouch. they did take backup quarterback jimmy in the second round, and he could be their future starter -- or bring back value in a trade. he showed well in his two starts last season. pick dominique easley was released in 2016 for reportedly being unreliable. he's now with the rams. center bryan stork had concussion issues and was released after starting in 2014 and '15. running back james white was a major player in the victory in the super bowl last february, and has a nice role in the offense. backup offensive lineman cameron fleming also came in the fourth round.
how i did: like the patriots, i liked the pick of easley. boy, were we wrong. i questioned taking in the second because of value with brady on the roster. that's still to be determined. my gem was white, who i loved.
new grade: c-
the patriots with their dominique easley pick.
new orleans saints
2014 grade: b
the skinny: they traded up in the first round to take receiver cooks, but after three seasons he was traded to the patriots for a pick this year. corner stanley jean-baptiste was a bust and was released in 2015. he is now with the chiefs, his fourth team. none of the other four picks is still on the saints' roster. that means they have nothing to show for this draft, other than getting a pick back for cooks, which they used on right tackle ryan this year.
how i did: like the saints, not good. i liked the pick of jean-baptiste. i questioned the decision to wait until the sixth round to take an offensive lineman and my gem was safety vinnie sunseri. he made the team as a rookie, but is now with the. this wasn't a good draft at all. cooks was the only saving grace and he isn't on the roster anymore.
new grade: d
new york giants
2014 grade: c+
the skinny: they took receiver odell beckham jr. in the first round, and he has proven to be worth it. he is a star. they also took starting center weston richburg in the second round, and he has been a good value. nose tackle jay bromley is a backup, while running back andre williams was let go last year and is now with the chargers. safety nate is a backup. the best value came with their other pick when they took linebacker devon kennard. he has started 25 games, including nine last season.
how i did: i liked the pick of bromley, and he has just been a backup, so the value hasn't been there. my gem was corner bennett jackson, who had two major knee injuries that led to his being released. at one point, he had a chance to start at safety before his second knee surgery.
new grade: b
new york jets
2014 grade: c
the skinny: they had 12 picks, but of those 12 only two are projected starters in 2017. one is safety calvin pryor, but he is on notice after they took safeties with their first two picks this year and peddled him around the league. the other is receiver quincy enunwa, who has developed into a nice player after being a pick. the rest of the class has provided little. corner dexter mcdougle is a backup who enters this season on shaky ground, while guard dakota dozier is also a backup who made two starts last season. they missed big on tight end amaro, who was let go and is now in tennessee.
how i did: i liked the idea of taking pryor in the first round, and made him the best pick. i questioned taking amaro in the second, and that proved to be true. my gem was receiver saunders, but he did little and was released in 2015 and has bounced around the league since. this was a terrible draft.
new grade: f
oakland raiders
2014 grade: b
the skinny: this is the draft that made this team what it is now, a super bowl contender. they took pass rusher khalil mack with the fifth overall pick. he has turned into one of the best in the nfl. in the second round, they landed quarterback derek carr, and he is their franchise passer for the foreseeable future. that's a dynamic punch. guard gabe jackson is a good player who helps make the oakland line one of the best. nose tackle justin ellis is a starter, and defensive backs keith mcgill (fourth) and t.j. carrie (seventh) have both started, with carrie having 21 starts in three seasons. this was an unreal draft.
how i did: i loved the mack pick and said in my grades he would be a star. i questioned taking carr in the second. bad move. my gem was mcgill, who has three career starts. in my grading, i said this could be a heck of a draft if carr develops. he did; it is.
new grade: a+
the raiders hit the jackpot with derek carr.
philadelphia eagles
2014 grade: b+
the skinny: pick marcus smith, an edge rusher, has to be considered a bust. he has not started a game and has just four sacks in three seasons. that's a bad return. receiver jordan matthews has been a good player, starting 35 games with 223 catches. that is value. the eagles released receiver josh huff after a gun charge last november. he is now with tampa bay, but was mostly a backup in philadelphia. corner watkins was cut in 2015, but was brought back last year and played 38 percent of the defensive snaps, starting four games. he has played slot corner and safety as well. defensive tackle taylor hart is now being tried at right tackle after being cut last year and then brought back midway through the season. pick beau allen is a backup defensive tackle.
how i did: i liked the pick of huff in the third, which didn't pan out. i questioned passing on a corner until the fourth, and they still have issues there. my gem was hart, a defensive tackle from oregon who didn't work out on that side of the ball.
new grade: d
pittsburgh steelers
2014 grade: b
the skinny: the steelers had big hits with their first two picks, who are both important pieces on their defense. they landed starting inside linebacker ryan in the first round and defensive end in the second. has 24 starts the past two seasons, missing some time because of injuries. has 28 and missed two last year with a knee injury. running back archer didn't work out, and he is no longer with the team. receiver bryant was a starter before being suspended for the 2016 season for violating the league's policy. he is expected back this season. pick daniel mccullers is a backup nose tackle.
how i did: i loved their first two picks, and made bryant their best pick in the fourth. i questioned taking archer, and that played true. my gem was mccullers, who has started for them.
new grade: b+
san diego chargers
2014 grade: b-
the skinny: the chargers landed corner jason verrett in the first round, and he has become their best cover player. they hit on that one. pass rusher jeremiah has 13 starts with 10 sacks in his three seasons, but he's coming off a hip injury that shortened his 2016 season. defensive tackle ryan is a backup. offensive lineman chris watt was waived last year as he battled to come back from a knee injury.
how i did: i said verrett was the best pick, and he has been -- by far. i questioned the decision to trade up in the second to get, and he has played below expectations. my gem was running back marlon grice, and he was cut as a rookie.
new grade: c-
san francisco
2014 grade: b
the skinny: they took jimmie ward in the first round and he has started 18 games the past two seasons at safety. he was limited to 10 last year because of injuries, but he's a solid player. running back carlos hyde was having a nice career, but he is coming off a torn he suffered in week 17 last season. they hit on linebacker chris borland, but he suddenly retired after his rookie season. they got 24 starts out of center marcus martin, but he was waived this spring and is now in cleveland. corner johnson has four starts in three seasons, but his playing time went way down last year. receiver bruce ellington, another pick, missed all of last season with a hamstring injury and has just 19 catches in his career. keith reaser, a corner, is also a backup. edge player aaron lynch has been productive, getting sacks his first two seasons, but he's coming off a season that saw him suspended for four games for violating the league's policy and then get just sacks.
how i did: i thought ward was their best pick, and he is that. i questioned taking hyde when they did because they had so many backs, but that has kind of worked out. i made lynch my gem, saying if he gets his character concerns under control he could be a steal.
new grade: b-
seattle seahawks
2014 grade: b+
the skinny: the seahawks traded out of the first round with the vikings to get extra picks, and then traded again with the lions to end up with nine picks. with john schneider's track record, you would think there would be a lot of hits. but the only projected sure starter in 2017 is pick justin britt, their starting center. linebacker marsh, a pick, also could start. paul richardson, who was their first pick in the second round (they had two), is a backup receiver. injuries have slowed his development. pick kevin is a backup linebacker who does a nice job on special teams. that's it from this draft. so it's one definite starter, and maybe one more. that's not great.
how i did: i liked the choice of richardson, which hasn't worked out yet. i questioned taking britt in the second, and i was wrong. my gem was marsh, who has been a good rotation player. i thought this class would be better.
new grade: c-
st. louis rams
2014 grade: a+
the skinny: they had a ton of picks, including two picks, thanks to the trade with the redskins in the robert griffin deal. one of those picks was tackle greg robinson, the second overall pick, who hasn't lived up to expectations. some consider him a bust. but aaron donald, their second pick, is one of the best defensive players in the league. corner joyner has been their nickel corner. running back tre mason is no longer with the team after being released in march following issues. he showed promise as a rookie with 765 yards rushing. they got a starting safety in mo alexander in the fourth round and starting corner e.j. gaines in the sixth. backup centerus came in the seventh.
how i did: i thought joyner was their best pick, and that's certainly not the case with donald becoming the player he is now. i questioned the mason pick, while making gaines my gem. p.s. i loved the robinson and the donald picks. like the rams, that's one for two.
new grade: b
tampa bay buccaneers
2014 grade: b+
the skinny: they took receiver mike evans in the first round, and he has developed into a pro bowl player and the guy on their offense. they came back and added tight end austin in the second round, and he is now with the jets after tampa bay released him last season following a dui arrest. his talent was wasted with the bucs. running back charles sims has been a nice backup running back in his three seasons. offensive lineman kevin has started 18 games, including 14 last year at left guard. he has struggled at times.
how i did: i liked the pick of, but that was based on his talent. and i think it still would have held up if he didn't have issues. i questioned taking sims in the third with help needed. my gem was receiver robert herron, who was waived before the 2015 season. miss.
new grade: c
tennessee titans
2014 grade: c-
the skinny: they took tackle taylor lewan in the first round and he has developed into a good left tackle. defensive end jones has started 16 games each of the past two seasons and has become a really good run defender. the best pick in terms of value was choice avery williamson. he has started 43 games the past three seasons at linebacker, including 16 last season. he is a productive player on their defense. they did miss big on running back bishop sankey, who was released in 2016 after 12 starts his first two seasons.
how i did: i made jones their best pick, so that was a hit. i questioned taking lewan that high with two good tackles on the roster, but that paid off for them. i also questioned the decision to take sankey, which didn't work out. my gem was quarterback zack mettenberger, which also didn't work out.
new grade: b+
washington redskins
2014 grade: b-
the skinny: they didn't have a pick -- it was traded away in the robert griffin deal -- but they ended up with a nice draft haul. they took linebacker trent murphy in the second round, and he has started 22 games and had nine sacks last season off the bench. their first pick, morgan moses, has emerged as a quality right tackle, and the team gave him a contract extension this spring. spencer long, who was also taken in the third round, is their starting center. and pick breeland has started 43 games at corner in three seasons. that's great value. receiver ryan grant is a backup.
how i did: i thought moses was their best pick, and he has played to that level. i also liked murphy, but did question taking him in the second round. i was wrong. my gem was breeland, and i hit that one.
new grade: a | ɪt teɪks θri jɪrz tɪ ˈtruli greɪd ən ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl dræft, dɪˈspaɪt ðoʊz ˌɪˈmiˌdiət greɪdz wi ɔl du ðə ˈmɪnət ə pleɪər ɪz pɪkt ənd ðɛn əˈgɛn wɪn ðə dræft ɪz kəmˈplit. ðoʊz ˈɔlˌweɪz kəm bæk tɪ hɔnt dræft ˈgreɪdərz laɪk ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ˈləkəli, aɪ kən poʊk fən æt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf wɪn ðeɪ du goʊ bæd ənd meɪk ðɛr weɪ əraʊnd tˈwɪtər ənd ˈəðər ˈævəˌnuz. aɪ du ə lɔt əv ˈpɔɪntɪŋ aʊt maɪ mɪˈsteɪks hir ɛz aɪ ðə 2014 ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl dræft. ˈlʊkɪŋ bæk tɪ θri jɪrz əˈgoʊ ɪz ə fən ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ðət aɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ duɪŋ tɪ si haʊ timz hɪt ənd mɪst ənd haʊ aɪ dɪd ðə seɪm. wɪn ðə ˈoʊklənd ˈreɪdərz juzd ðɛr fərst tu pɪks tɪ teɪk pæs ˈrəʃər ˈkæləl mæk ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd ənd ðɛn ˈdɛrɪk kɑr ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd ɪn 2014 aɪ geɪv ðət dræft ə bi greɪd æt ðə taɪm. ðæts ən ə+ dræft naʊ. ɪts ðə dræft ðət wɪl kip ðə ˈreɪdərz ɪn ðə pleɪɔf reɪs fər ə lɔŋ taɪm. ðeɪ hæv ðɛr ˈfrænˌʧaɪz ˈpæsər, hu aɪ ˈwəzənt soʊ ʃʊr əˈbaʊt wɪn hi keɪm aʊt, ðəs maɪ ˈpriviəs bi greɪd. (piz. aɪ ləvd mæk.) si, aɪ kən pɔɪnt aʊt wɪn aɪ æm rɔŋ. soʊ daɪv ˈɪntu ðɪs 2014 ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl dræft. aɪ θɪŋk ju wɪl faɪnd səm ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ θɪŋz, laɪk haʊ ˈmɪstər. ˈnɛvər gɪt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ rɔŋ bɪl hæd ə ˈkræˌpi dræft. ər haʊ timz ju θɔt hæd greɪt dræfts laɪk ðə ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ˈvaɪkɪŋz ˈdɪdənt ˈrɪli hɪt ðə weɪ ju θɔt, waɪl ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈrɛdˌskɪnz dɪd. ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ˈkɑrdɪnəlz 2014 greɪd: bi ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ hæd ˈsɛvən pɪks, ənd tu əv ðoʊz pɪks ˈɛnər ðə 2017 ˈsizən ɛz ˈstɑrtərz. pɪk wɑz muvd frəm ˈseɪfti tɪ ˈlaɪnˌbækər ənd həz dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu ə bɪg pɑrt əv ðɛr dɪˈfɛns. rɪˈsivər ʤɑn braʊn ɪz ə θrɛt wɪn hi kən steɪ ɔn ðə fild. ˈɪnʤəriz sloʊd ɪm læst ˈsizən. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈbæˌkəps ɪn taɪt ɛnd trɔɪ, ɛʤ pleɪər kərˈim ˈmɑrtɪn ənd dɪˈfɛnsɪv ɛnd ɛd ˈstɪnsən. həz pəˈtɛnʃəl, bət ˈɪnʤəriz hæv ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪm tɪ ˈsɛvən stɑrts ɪn tu ˈsizənz. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ laɪkt ðə pɪk əv, ənd kˈwɛsʧənd ˈteɪkɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd. aɪ θɔt kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ˈloʊgən ˈtɑməs kʊd bi ə taɪt ɛnd ənd hi ˈbəstɪd aʊt ɛz ə kˈwɔrtərˌbæk. soʊ aɪ dɪd ˈoʊˈkeɪ. nu greɪd: bi- æˈtlæntə ˈfælkənz 2014 greɪd: bi+ ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ ˈlændɪd ˈstɑrtɪŋ lɛft ˈtækəl ʤeɪk ˈmæθjuz ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd ənd ˈstɑrtɪŋ dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl ˈheɪʤmən ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd. ˈmæθjuz həz bɪn ˈsɑləd, waɪl ˈheɪʤmən həz flæʃt æt taɪmz. bət ðə bɛst pɪk keɪm ɪn ðə fɔrθ raʊnd wɪn ðeɪ ˈlændɪd stɑr ˈrənər ˈfrimən. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ gɑt ˈstɑrtɪŋ fri ˈseɪfti rɪˈkɑrdoʊ ˈælən ɪn ðə fɪθ, bət dɪd mɪs ɔn ˈseɪfti ˈsaʊθwərd. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ geɪv ðɛm ˈkrɛdɪt fər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈbɪgər ənd ˈstrɔŋgər baɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈmæθjuz ənd ˈheɪʤmən, bət aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ laɪkt pɪk prɪns shembo*, hu ˈstɑrtɪd θri geɪmz ənd wɑz weɪvd ˈæftər ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪn ˈtrəbəl wɪθ ðə lɔ. nu greɪd: bi+ ˈbɔltəˌmɔr ˈreɪvənz 2014 greɪd: bi ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ hæd naɪn pɪks ənd sɪks ər stɪl wɪθ ðə tim, wɪθ pɪk c.j*. ˈmoʊzli dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈɪntu ə proʊ boʊl ˈlaɪnˌbækər. ˈɪnʤəriz hæv ˌɪmˈpæktɪd səm əv ðə ˈəðər pleɪərz, ənd ðeɪ ˈtreɪdɪd pɪk ˈtɪmi ˈʤərnɪgæn tɪ ðə ˈigəlz ðɪs jɪr. hi ˈstɑrtɪd 24 geɪmz ɪn θri ˈsizənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ 15 læst ˈsizən. ðə bɛst ˈvælju maɪt bi pɪk ʤɑn ˈərʃəl, hu həz ˈstɑrtɪd 13 geɪmz ɪn θri ˈsizənz ənd maɪt bi ðɛr ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈsɛnər ɪn 2017 pɪk ˈtɛrəns brʊks wɑz weɪvd læst sɛpˈtɛmbər ənd naʊ ɪz wɪθ ðə ˈigəlz ɛz ə rɪˈzərv. hi ʃoʊd ˈprɑməs ɛz ə ˈrʊki ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtɪrɪŋ ən. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ laɪkt ðə pɪk əv brʊks, bət ɪts hɑrd tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ə ˈmeɪʤər ni ˈɪnʤəri. aɪ stɪl θɪŋk hi wʊd hæv bɪn gʊd ɪf nɑt fər ðə ˈɪnʤəri. aɪ θɔt dɪˈfɛnsɪv ɛnd brɛnt ˈərbən wɑz ə nis pɪk, bət ˈɪnʤəriz hæv sloʊd ɪm ɪn hɪz θri ˈsizənz. nu greɪd: si+ ˈbəfəˌloʊ bɪlz 2014 greɪd: si ðə ˈskɪni: ðɪs wɑz ðə dræft ðə bɪlz ˈtreɪdɪd əp wɪθ ˈklivlənd tɪ teɪk rɪˈsivər ˈsæmi ˈwɑtkɪnz, ˈgɪvɪŋ əp ðɛr 2015 pɪk tɪ du soʊ. ðət həz bɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər feɪl, sɪns ðeɪ kʊd hæv steɪd pʊt ənd ˈteɪkən oʊˈdɛl ˈbɛˌkhæm jr*. ˈwɑtkɪnz həz ˈtælənt, bət ˈɪnʤəriz hæv kɛpt ɪm aʊt əv 11 geɪmz ðə pæst tu ˈsizənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ eɪt ɪn 2016 ðə ˈoʊnli wən əv ðɛr ˈəðər sɪks pɪks hu ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ pʊʃ tɪ bi ə ˈstɑrtər ɪn 2017 ɪz ˈlaɪnˌbækər ˈprɛstən braʊn, hu wɑz ə pɪk. ˈkɔrnər rɔs ˈkɑkrəl ɪz naʊ ə ˈstɑrtər fər ðə ˈstilərz ˈæftər biɪŋ lɛt goʊ baɪ ðə bɪlz ɪn 2015 ðeɪ gɑt səm rɪˈzərvz ɪn ðɪs dræft hu hæv ˈstɑrtɪd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ raɪt ˈtækəl ˈhɛndərsən, bət ðɪs wɑz nɑt ə gʊd dræft. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ muv əp tɪ gɪt ˈwɑtkɪnz, ˈivɪn ðoʊ aɪ laɪkt ɪm ɛz ə pleɪər. aɪ laɪkt ðə pɪk əv braʊn ɪn ðə θərd, ənd hi həz ˈstɑrtɪd 46 geɪmz ɪn hɪz θri ˈsizənz. aɪ θɔt gɑrd ˈsɪrəl ˈrɪʧərdsən wʊd bi ə stil, bət hi ˈstɑrtɪd fɔr geɪmz ɛz ə ˈrʊki, wɑz ɔn ðə ˈpræktɪs skwɑd ɪn 2015 ənd ðɛn wɑz riˈlist læst jɪr. hiz wɪθ ðə bɛrz naʊ. nu greɪd: si- ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˈpænθərz 2014 greɪd: di ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ tʊk rɪˈsivər ˈkɛlvɪn ˈbɛnʤəmən ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd, ənd hi ˈhæzənt bɪn wərθ ɪt jɛt. ɪn ˈfɛrnəs tɪ ɪm, hi tɔr hɪz ɪn ðə ˈsəmər ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz ˈsɛkənd ˈsizən ənd mɪst ðə ɪnˈtaɪər jɪr. bət hi naʊ həz weɪt ˈɪʃuz ənd hi ˈwəzənt ɛz ˈifɛktɪv ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd læst ˈsizən. dɪˈfɛnsɪv ɛnd ˈili wɑz ˈtreɪdɪd tɪ ðə ˈpeɪtriəts ðɪs offseason*, soʊ ðæts ə mɪs. ðeɪ hɪt bɪg ɔn gɑrd ˈtərnər, hu ɪz ˈɑrgjuəbli ðɛr bɛst ˈlaɪnmən ənd wən əv ðə ˈbɛtər gɑrdz ɪn ðə lig, ˌɔlˈðoʊ hɪz pleɪ dɪpt səm læst jɪr. ˈseɪfti treɪ ˈbɔstən wɑz ə ˈstɑrtər æt taɪmz, bət wɑz lɛt goʊ ðɪs mənθ. ˈkɔrnər ˈbɛnə' ˈstɑrtɪd 14 geɪmz ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ riˈlist læst ˈsizən. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ hɪt ðə ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃənz. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ðə pɪk əv ˈbɛnʤəmən, seɪɪŋ ðɛr wər ˈbɛtər ˈɔpʃənz. aɪ θɔt ˈtərnər wɑz ðɛr bɛst pɪk, ənd hi həz bɪn ðət. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ θɔt wɑz ə stil ɪn ðə fɪθ raʊnd, ənd hi lʊkt laɪk ɪt fər ˈsizənz. hiz naʊ wɪθ ðə ˈbɛŋgəlz. nu greɪd: si- ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bɛrz 2014 greɪd: ə ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ tʊk ˈkɔrnər kaɪl ˈfʊlər ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd ənd hi lʊkt laɪk hi maɪt bi ə fˈjuʧər stɑr ɛz ə ˈrʊki. bət hɪz pleɪ teɪld ɔf tɪ stɑrt 2015 ənd hi mɪst ɔl əv læst ˈsizən wɪθ ə ni ˈɪnʤəri. hɪz bɛrz kərɪr ɪz æt ə ˈkrɔsˌroʊdz ɛz hi ˈɛnərz 2017 əv ðə ˈəðər ˈsɛvən pɪks ðət jɪr, ˈoʊnli wən ˈtækəl ˈʧɑrəlz ˈlɛnoʊ ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ stɑrt ɪn 2017 ðeɪ mɪst ɔn dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl ˈigoʊ ˈfərgəsən, hu wɑz lɛt goʊ ɪn ðə spərɪŋ. dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl wɪl ˈsətən hæd 18 stɑrts ɪn θri ˈsizənz, bət hi wɑz riˈlist ðɪs mənθ. ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈkɛri ɪz ə ˈbæˌkəp. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ wɑz ˈtɛrəbəl. aɪ θɔt ˈfʊlər wʊd bi ðə bɛst ˈkɔrnər ɪn ðə klæs, ənd ðæts nɑt kloʊz tɪ biɪŋ tru. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ laɪkt ðə pɪks əv ˈfərgəsən ənd ˈsətən. ðə ʤɛm wɑz ˈseɪfti brɑk ˈvɪrin, hu ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər wɪθ ðə tim ˈæftər ˈmeɪkɪŋ fɔr stɑrts ɛz ə ˈrʊki. nu greɪd: di- ˌsɪnsəˈnæti ˈbɛŋgəlz 2014 greɪd: si+ ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ tʊk ˈkɔrnər dɪˈnɑrd ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd ənd hi həz fɔr stɑrts ɪn θri ˈsizənz. hi wɪl pʊʃ tɪ stɑrt ɪn 2017 ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈʤɛrəˌmi hɪl həz bɪn ə ˈsɑləd ˈstɑrtər, ˈrəʃɪŋ fər jɑrdz ɛz ə ˈrʊki. bət hi ˈhæzənt hɪt jɑrdz ðə pæst tu ˈsizənz ənd ðə tim ʤɪst ˈdræftɪd ʤoʊ ˈmɪksən ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd. pɪk wɪl klɑrk ˈhæzənt dɪˈvɛləpt ɪˈnəf ɛz ə pæs ˈrəʃər, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ ðeɪ tʊk tu dɪˈfɛnsɪv ɛndz ɪn ðɪs jɪrz dræft. pɪk ˈrəsəl boʊˈdini həz bɪn ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈsɛnər ðə pæst θri ˈsizənz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi həz bɪn bɪˈloʊ ˈævərɪʤ. ˈivɪn soʊ, ðæts gʊd ˈvælju. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ gɑt ˈbæˌkəp kˈwɔrtərˌbæk məˈkærən ɪn ðə fɪθ. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ ˈdɪdənt maɪnd ðə dɪˈnɑrd pɪk, bət aɪ ˈwəzənt θrɪld wɪθ ðɛm ˈteɪkɪŋ hɪl ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd. boʊˈdini wɑz maɪ ʤɛm fər ðət dræft. aɪ θɔt klɑrk wɑz ðɛr bɛst pɪk. ups. nu greɪd: si- ˈklivlənd braʊnz 2014 greɪd: bi- ðə ˈskɪni: ðɪs wɑz ðə ˈʤəstɪn dræft. ðət minz ɪt wɑz ə ˈmeɪʤər flɑp. ðeɪ tʊk ˈgɪlbərt, ðə ˈkɔrnər frəm ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə steɪt, wɪθ ðə eɪθ ˈoʊvərˌɔl pɪk. hi meɪd θri stɑrts ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ riˈlist ɪn 2016 hi spɛnt taɪm wɪθ ðə ˈstilərz bət ðeɪ riˈlist ɪm ðɪs jɪr. hi hæd ˈætəˌtud ˈɪʃuz wɪθ ðə braʊnz. hæd hɪz ˈtrəbəlz ɛz wɛl. hi ɪz naʊ aʊt əv ðə lig ˈæftər ˈmeɪkɪŋ eɪt stɑrts. ðə braʊnz riˈlist ɪm ɪn mɑrʧ 2016 ˈæftər ə ˈlɪtəni. ðə braʊnz meɪd əˈmɛndz wɪθ ðɛr nɛkst tu pɪks, ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈstɑrtɪŋ gɑrd ʤoʊəl bitonio*, hu ɪz ə gʊd pleɪər, ənd ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈlaɪnˌbækər ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈkərksi. ðə braʊnz gɑt ə gʊd jɪr aʊt əv ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈtɛrəns wɛst, bət ˈtreɪdɪd ɪm tɪ ðə ˈtaɪtənz ɪn 2015 bɪˈkəz əv səˈpoʊzd məˈʧʊrəti ˈɪʃuz. hi ˈlændɪd wɪθ ðə ˈreɪvənz læst jɪr ənd rəʃt fər 774 jɑrdz. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ wɑz ɛz bæd ɛz ðə braʊnz. aɪ laɪkt ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ muv əp tɪ gɪt. yecch*. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ laɪkt ðə ˈgɪlbərt pɪk. ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ðɪs ʃoʊz ðət wi kænt ˈrɪli noʊ wəts ˌɪnˈsaɪd ə kɪdz hɛd, ənd ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪŋ pleɪərz ɪz məʧ mɔr ðən ʤɪst ˈwɑʧɪŋ teɪp. nu greɪd: di ˈʤɑni wɑz ə kəmˈplit bəst ɪn ˈklivlənd. ˈdæləs ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz 2014 greɪd: bi ðə ˈskɪni: ðə ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz hæd naɪn pɪks, bət faɪv əv ðɛm wər ˈʧɔɪsɪz ənd nən əv ðə pleɪərz ɪz stɪl wɪθ ðə tim. bət ðeɪ neɪld ðɛr pɪk, ˈgɪtɪŋ gɑrd zæk ˈmɑrtɪn, wən əv ðə bɛst ɪn ðə lig. pæs ˈrəʃər ˈdɛmɑrkɪs ˈlɔrəns həz flæʃt, bət ˈɪnʤəriz hæv ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪm tɪ 16 stɑrts. hi ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf hɪz ˈsɛkənd bæk ˈsərʤəri, ən ˈɪnʤəri ðət ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪm tɪ θri stɑrts læst ˈsizən. ˈlaɪnˌbækər ˈænθɔˌni ˈhɪʧənz həz ˈstɑrtɪd 34 geɪmz ɪn θri ˈsizənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ 16 ɪn 2016 hi həz bɪn ə bɪg hɪt ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn ðə fɔrθ. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ laɪkt ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ teɪk ˈmɑrtɪn ənd ˈlɔrəns, wɪθ ˈlɔrəns biɪŋ ðə gaɪ aɪ ˈtɑrgətɪd ɛz ðɛr bɛst pɪk. aɪ θɔt rɪˈsivər ˈdɛvɪn strit wɑz ðə ʤɛm, bət ðə ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz lɛt ɪm goʊ ˈæftər tu ˈsizənz wɪθ ˈlɪtəl ɪn tərmz əv pərˈdəkʃən, ənd ðə ˈpeɪtriəts ˈrisəntli pɪkt ɪm əp ˈæftər ðə koʊlts lɛt ɪm goʊ. nu greɪd: bi- ˈdɛnvər ˈbrɑŋkoʊz 2014 greɪd: bi+ ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ tʊk ˈkɔrnər ˈbrædli ˈroʊbi ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd ənd hi həz bɪn ə bɪg pɑrt əv ðɛr dɪˈfɛns ðə pæst θri ˈsizənz, ˈsərvɪŋ ɛz boʊθ ðə ˈnɪkəl ˈkɔrnər ənd ə ˈpɑrtˈtaɪm ˈstɑrtər. hi ɪz ə gʊd pleɪər pleɪɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd tu ˈrɪli gʊd ˈkɔrnərz. rɪˈsivər ˈkoʊdi ˈlætəmər ˈhæzənt pleɪd tɪ hɪz dræft ˈstætəs, ənd əˈfɛnsɪv ˈlaɪnmən ˈmaɪkəl ˈskoʊfild ɪz ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ə ˈbæˌkəp, ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi həz ˈstɑrtɪd æt taɪmz. ðə stil əv ðə dræft wɑz ˈsɛnər mæt pərˈædɪs, hu həz dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu ðɛr bɛst əˈfɛnsɪv ˈlaɪnmən. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ laɪkt ðə ˈroʊbi pɪk, bət aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ laɪkt ðə ˈlætəmər pɪk. ðæts wən fər tu. pərˈædɪs wɑz maɪ ʤɛm, soʊ ðæts ə hɪt ɛz wɛl. nu greɪd: bi- ˈdiˌtrɔɪt laɪənz 2014 greɪd: bi- ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ tʊk taɪt ɛnd ˈɛrɪk ˈɛbrən ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd, ənd hi həz ˈstɑrtɪd 27 geɪmz ðə pæst θri ˈsizənz. hi ɪz ə ˈsɑləd pleɪər hu ˈhæzənt pleɪd laɪk ə taɪt ɛnd, ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi dɪd hæv 61 ˈkæʧɪz læst ˈsizən. ˈlaɪnˌbækər kaɪl væn ʤɪst wən ə ˈsupər boʊl wɪθ ðə ˈpeɪtriəts ˈæftər biɪŋ ˈtreɪdɪd ðɛr læst ˈsizən. hi wɑz ˈnɛvər mɔr ðən ˈsɑləd wɪθ ðə laɪənz. ðə hɪt ɪn ðə dræft keɪm ɪn ðə θərd raʊnd wɪn ðeɪ tʊk ˈsɛnər ˈtrævɪs sˈwɑnsən, hu ɪz ðɛr ˈstɑrtər wɪn hiz ˈhɛlθi. hi mɪst fɔr geɪmz læst ˈsizən wɪθ kənˈkəʃən ˈɪʃuz, bət hi həz ˈstɑrtɪd 31 geɪmz ɪn θri ˈsizənz. ˈkɔrnər ˈnɛvɪn ˈlɔsən ˈstɑrtɪd 16 geɪmz læst ˈsizən ənd həz bɪn ə nis faɪnd. rɪˈsivər t.j*. ʤoʊnz ɪz stɪl ɔn ðə ˈrɑstər ˈæftər ˈmɪsɪŋ hɪz ˈrʊki ˈsizən wɪθ ə ˈʃoʊldər ˈɪnʤəri, bət ˈhæzənt dən məʧ. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɛbrən ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd waɪl ˈpæsɪŋ ɔn ə ˈkɔrnər, ənd ˈkɔrnər ɪz stɪl ən ˈɪʃu fər ðɛm. aɪ laɪkt ðə pɪk əv væn, ənd ðət ˈdɪdənt wərk aʊt. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz pæs ɛnd ˈlɛri ˈwɛbstər, ənd hi ɪz naʊ wɪθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə. nu greɪd: si+ grin beɪ ˈpækərz 2014 greɪd: bi ðə ˈskɪni: ˈseɪfti hɑ hɑ həz dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu wən əv ðə ˈbɛtər pleɪərz ɔn ðɛr dɪˈfɛns, waɪl rɪˈsivər ˈædəmz ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf hɪz bɛst ˈsizən wɪθ 76 ˈkæʧɪz ənd 12 ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz. ðæts ə nis hɪt æt ðə tɔp. bət ðeɪ gɑt mɔr ðən ðət. ˈbæˌkəp taɪt ɛnd ˈrɪʧərd ˈrɑʤərz keɪm ɪn ðə θərd ənd ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈsɛnər ˈkɔri ˈlɪnsli keɪm ɪn ðə fɪθ. hiz ðə bɛst pɪk əv ðɛr dræft frəm ə ˈvælju ˈstændˌpɔɪnt. ˈkɔrnər ˈgʊdsən ɪz stɪl ɔn ðə ˈrɑstər, ɛz ɪz rɪˈsivər ʤɛf ˈʤænɪs. ðeɪ mɪst ɔn pɪk ˈθɔrntən, ə dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈlaɪnmən hu wɑz kət ˈæftər ˈmɪsɪŋ hɪz ˈrʊki ˈsizən wɪθ ə ˈhæmˌstrɪŋ ˈɪnʤəri. hi ɪz naʊ wɪθ ˈdiˌtrɔɪt, wɛr hi ˈstɑrtɪd sɪks geɪmz læst ˈsizən. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ laɪkt ðə pɪk əv ˈædəmz ðə moʊst, ənd ðət lʊkt ˈʃeɪki ənˈtɪl læst ˈsizən. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ laɪkt ðə pɪk əv tɪ gɪv ðɛm reɪnʤ ɔn ðə bæk ɛnd. ðə ʤɛm wɑz ˈgʊdsən, ənd hi dɪd stɑrt θri geɪmz læst jɪr wɪn ˈɪnʤəriz hɪt. nu greɪd: bi+ ˈhjustən ˈtɛksənz 2014 greɪd: bi+ ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ tʊk ˈklaʊni noʊ. 1 ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ənd ˈæftər ə sloʊ stɑrt tɪ hɪz kərɪr hi həz tərnd ˈɪntu ə gʊd pæs ˈrəʃər. hɪz bɛst ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɪz stɪl tɪ kəm. gɑrd ˈzeɪvjər ˈstɑrtɪd 15 geɪmz læst ˈsizən, ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪm 25 stɑrts ɪn θri ˈsizənz. ðæts gʊd ˈvælju, ˈivɪn ɪf hiz ʤɪst ˈævərɪʤ. taɪt ɛnd c.j*. həz dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu ə kˈwɑləti pæs ˈkæˌʧər ənd ɪz ðɛr ˈstɑrtɪŋ taɪt ɛnd. kˈwɔrtərˌbæk tɑm ˈsævɪʤ, hu ˈɛnərz ðɪs ˈsizən ɛz ðə ˈstɑrtər, keɪm ɪn ðə fɔrθ raʊnd. ˈbæˌkəp ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈælfrɪd blu keɪm ɪn ðə sɪksθ ənd ˈɑnˌdreɪ hæl, hu həz dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu ə nis ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈseɪfti, wɑz ˈteɪkən ɪn ðə ˈsɛvənθ, wɪʧ meɪks ɪm ðə bɛst ˈvælju pɪk. ðeɪ mɪst bɪg ɔn noʊz ˈtækəl luɪs nɪks.. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ sɛd ðə ˈklaʊni pɪk wɑz ðɛr bɛst ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈpæsɪŋ ɔn ə kˈwɔrtərˌbæk wɑz ˈrɪski. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd nɑt ˈteɪkɪŋ ə kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ənˈtɪl ðə fɔrθ raʊnd, ənd maɪ ʤɛm wɑz dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl ˈpeɪgən. hi wɑz weɪvd læst ˈsəmər. nu greɪd: ə ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs koʊlts 2014 greɪd: si ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ ˈdɪdənt hæv ə pɪk bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ˈtreɪdɪd ɪt tɪ ˈklivlənd fər ˈrənɪŋ bæk trɛnt ˈrɪʧərdsən, hu wɑz ə bəst. ðət wɑz ən ˈɔfəl muv. əˈfɛnsɪv ˈlaɪnmən ʤeɪk həz dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu ə gʊd gɑrd, waɪl rɪˈsivər ˈmɑnkrif həz ˈstɑrtɪd 19 geɪmz, bət hi ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf ən ˈsizən ðət sɔ ɪm mɪs taɪm wɪθ ə ˈfrækʧərd ˈskæpjələ ənd ə ˈhæmˌstrɪŋ ˈɪʃu. ðoʊz tu ər ðə ˈoʊnli pleɪərz ɔn ðə ˈrɑstər frəm ðət dræft. ðæts wən əv ðə ˈrizənz ðə ˈrɑstər ˈɪzənt ˈvɛri gʊd. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ laɪkt ðə pɪk əv ˈmɑnkrif ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd, ənd aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ðə treɪd fər ˈrɪʧərdsən ɪn ə bɪg weɪ. hu ˈdɪdənt? maɪ ʤɛm wɑz pɪk ˈʤɑnəθən ˈnusəm, ənd wɪn hi hæd sæks ɛz ə ˈrʊki ðət lʊkt laɪk ə gʊd pɪk. bət ðɛn hi hæd ˈɪʃuz, hɪz pleɪ teɪld ɔf ənd hi wɑz riˈlist ɪn 2016 nu greɪd: di ˈʤæksənˌvɪl ˈʤægˌwɑrz 2014 greɪd: ə ðə ˈskɪni: ðɪs wɪl bi ðə bleɪk dræft fər ˈʤæksənˌvɪl, wɪʧ minz ɪt woʊnt gɪt ðə du ɪt dɪˈzərvz., ðə θərd ˈoʊvərˌɔl pɪk, ˈhæzənt lɪvd əp tɪ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ənd ˈɛnərz 2017 pleɪɪŋ fər hɪz ʤɑb. bət ðə tim meɪd əˈmɛndz ðə rɛst əv ðə dræft. ðeɪ gɑt ˈstɑrtɪŋ rɪˈsivərz li ənd ˈælən ˈrɑbənsən ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd ənd ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈsɛnər ˈbrændən ˈlɪndər ɪn ðə θərd. ˈkɔrnər ˈɛrən ˈkoʊlvɪn pleɪz ðə slɑt ɪn ðɛr skim, ənd wɪl əˈgɛn du soʊ ðɪs ˈsizən. ˈlaɪnˌbækər smɪθ ɪz wən əv ðə ɔn ðɛr dɪˈfɛns. əˈfɛnsɪv ˈlaɪnmən luk həz stək əraʊnd ɛz ə ˈbæˌkəp wɪθ ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv stɑrts. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ ləvd ðə pɪk, ənd raɪt naʊ ðət ˈdəzənt lʊk gʊd. smɪθ wɑz maɪ ʤɛm, ənd ðət həz bɪn ə ˈbɪgˌtaɪm hɪt. aɪ laɪkt wət ðeɪ dɪd ðə rɛst əv ðə weɪ, ənd əˈspɛʃəli laɪkt ðə pɪk əv ˈlɪndər. ɪf wər ə hɪt, ðɪs wʊd bi ən ənˈril dræft. sɪns hi ˈɪzənt, ðə greɪd drɑps daʊn. nu greɪd: bi ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti ʧifs 2014 greɪd: si+ ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ tʊk ɛʤ ˈrəʃər di fɔrd ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd, ənd ˈæftər ə sloʊ stɑrt hi həz dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu ə gʊd pæs ˈrəʃər. ðeɪ tʊk ˈkɔrnər ˈfɪlɪp geɪnz ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd, ənd hi həz ˈstɑrtɪd 13 geɪmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ faɪv læst ˈsizən. ˈɪnʤəriz ənd ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi hæv pleɪgd hɪz kərɪr, bət hi dɪz hæv ˈtælənt. ðɛr bɛst pɪk keɪm æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈsɛvənθ raʊnd wɪn ðeɪ ˈlændɪd gɑrd ˈlɔrənt frəm ˈkænədə. hi həz dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu ə kˈwɑləti ˈstɑrtɪŋ gɑrd hu ʤɪst gɑt ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɪkˈstɛnʃən ðɪs spərɪŋ. ˈbæˌkəp əˈfɛnsɪv ˈlaɪnmən zæk ˈfʊltən keɪm ɪn ðə sɪksθ raʊnd. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ laɪkt ðə pɪk əv geɪnz ɪn ðə θərd raʊnd, ənd ðət həz ʤɪst bɪn ˈoʊˈkeɪ bɪˈkəz əv ˈɪnʤəriz. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ˈteɪkɪŋ fɔrd ɪn ðə fərst wɪθ ənd ˈʤəstɪn ˈhjustən ɔn ðə ˈrɑstər, bət ðət həz wərkt aʊt fər ðɛm. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ˈɛrən ˈməri, hu ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər wɪθ ðə tim ənd wɑz ˈrisəntli riˈlist baɪ ðə ræmz. nu greɪd: bi maɪˈæmi ˈdɑlfənz 2014 greɪd: si ðə ˈskɪni: ðə ˈdɑlfənz tʊk ˈstɑrtɪŋ raɪt ˈtækəl ʤeɪmz ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd. hi ɪz ə ˈsɑləd pleɪər hu ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf hɪz bɛst ˈsizən. ðeɪ tʊk rɪˈsivər ˈʤɑrvɪs ˈlændri ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd, ənd hi həz bɪˈkəm ə bɪg ɔn ðɛr əˈfɛns. ˈbæˌkəp dɪˈfɛnsɪv bæk wɔlt ˈeɪkɪnz keɪm ɪn ðə fɔrθ raʊnd ənd ˈbæˌkəp dɪˈfɛnsɪv ɛnd ˈtɛrəns fid keɪm ɪn ðə ˈsɛvənθ. ˈeɪkɪnz həz θri kərɪr stɑrts, ənd waɪl fid həz nən hi wɑz pɑrt əv ðə roʊˈteɪʃən læst ˈsizən. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ laɪkt gɑrd ˈbɪli ˈtərnər, ənd hi flɑpt ənd wɑz riˈlist læst ˈsizən. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈlændri ɛz haɪ ɛz ðeɪ dɪd, bət hi həz pruvd tɪ bi ə ˈvæljəbəl pleɪər. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz ˈlaɪnˌbækər ˈʤɔrdən trɪp. hi ɪz wɪθ hɪz fɔrθ tim ɪn grin beɪ naʊ. nu greɪd: bi- ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ˈvaɪkɪŋz 2014 greɪd: ə ðə ˈskɪni: ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz hæd 10 pɪks, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ tu ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd, bət ˈoʊnli wən əv ðoʊz pleɪərz ˈlaɪnˌbækər ˈænθɔˌni bɑr, ðɛr fərst pɪk ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi ə ʃʊr ˈstɑrtər ɪn 2017 bɑr həz dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu ə gʊd ˈlaɪnˌbækər. kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ˈtɛdi ˈbrɪʤˌwɔtər, ðɛr ˈəðər pɪk, wɑz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə nis pleɪər ˌbiˈfɔr ə ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ni ˈɪnʤəri ˈsəfərd læst ˈsəmər. ðə ˈdæmɪʤ wɑz ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ənd hi maɪt nɑt pleɪ ðɪs ˈsizən. pɪk skɑt ˈkrɪʧtən sɔ ˈlɪmɪtɪd taɪm ɪn hɪz fərst tu ˈsizənz, ənd ðɛn mɪst ɔl əv 2016 wɪθ ən ˈɪnʤəri. hi wɑz weɪvd ɪn mɑrʧ ənd kleɪmd baɪ ðə bɪlz, bət hi feɪld hɪz ˈfɪzɪkəl. ðeɪ dɪd lænd ˈrənɪŋ bæk məˈkɪnən ɪn ðə θərd, ənd hi həz bɪˈkəm ə nis pɑrt əv ðɛr əˈfɛns. ˈbæˌkəp ˈseɪfti ɑnˈtoʊni ɪgˈzəm keɪm ɪn ðə sɪksθ raʊnd. ðə bɛst hɪt əv ðə dræft keɪm ɪn ðə ˈsɛvənθ raʊnd wɪn ðeɪ tʊk dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl ˈstivən. hi ˈstɑrtɪd 16 geɪmz læst jɪr ənd ʃʊd əˈgɛn pleɪ ə bɪg roʊl ɔn ðɛr dɪˈfɛns. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ laɪkt ðə muv tɪ treɪd bæk ˈɪntu ðə fərst raʊnd tɪ gɪt ˈbrɪʤˌwɔtər, bət ðə ˈɪnʤəri klaʊdz ðət naʊ. maɪ kˈwɛsʧənəbəl muv wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ məˈkɪnən ɪn ðə θərd, bət ðət həz ˈpruvən tɪ bi ə ˈsɑləd pɪk. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz ɪgˈzəm ənd aɪ ləvd ðə spid bɑr wʊd brɪŋ tɪ ðə dɪˈfɛns. nu greɪd: si nu ˈɪŋglənd ˈpeɪtriəts 2014 greɪd: bi- ðə ˈskɪni: ðə ˈpeɪtriəts hæd naɪn pɪks. əv ðoʊz, nən ər prɑˈʤɛktəd tɪ bi ˈstɑrtərz fər nu ˈɪŋglənd ɪn 2017 aʊʧ. ðeɪ dɪd teɪk ˈbæˌkəp kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ˈʤɪmi ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd, ənd hi kʊd bi ðɛr fˈjuʧər ˈstɑrtər ər brɪŋ bæk ˈvælju ɪn ə treɪd. hi ʃoʊd wɛl ɪn hɪz tu stɑrts læst ˈsizən. pɪk dɔmɪˈnik ˈizli wɑz riˈlist ɪn 2016 fər rɪˈpɔrtədli biɪŋ ˌənrɪˈlaɪəbəl. hiz naʊ wɪθ ðə ræmz. ˈsɛnər braɪən stɔrk hæd kənˈkəʃən ˈɪʃuz ənd wɑz riˈlist ˈæftər ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn 2014 ənd 15 ˈrənɪŋ bæk ʤeɪmz waɪt wɑz ə ˈmeɪʤər pleɪər ɪn ðə ˈvɪktəri ɪn ðə ˈsupər boʊl læst ˈfɛbruˌɛri, ənd həz ə nis roʊl ɪn ðə əˈfɛns. ˈbæˌkəp əˈfɛnsɪv ˈlaɪnmən ˈkæmərən ˈflɛmɪŋ ˈɔlsoʊ keɪm ɪn ðə fɔrθ raʊnd. haʊ aɪ dɪd: laɪk ðə ˈpeɪtriəts, aɪ laɪkt ðə pɪk əv ˈizli. bɔɪ, wər wi rɔŋ. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ˈteɪkɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd bɪˈkəz əv ˈvælju wɪθ ˈbreɪdi ɔn ðə ˈrɑstər. ðæts stɪl tɪ bi dɪˈtərmənd. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz waɪt, hu aɪ ləvd. nu greɪd: si- ðə ˈpeɪtriəts wɪθ ðɛr dɔmɪˈnik ˈizli pɪk. nu ˌɔˈrlinz seɪnts 2014 greɪd: bi ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ ˈtreɪdɪd əp ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd tɪ teɪk rɪˈsivər kʊks, bət ˈæftər θri ˈsizənz hi wɑz ˈtreɪdɪd tɪ ðə ˈpeɪtriəts fər ə pɪk ðɪs jɪr. ˈkɔrnər ˈstænli ˌʒɑnbəpˈtɪst wɑz ə bəst ənd wɑz riˈlist ɪn 2015 hi ɪz naʊ wɪθ ðə ʧifs, hɪz fɔrθ tim. nən əv ðə ˈəðər fɔr pɪks ɪz stɪl ɔn ðə seɪnts' ˈrɑstər. ðət minz ðeɪ hæv ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ ʃoʊ fər ðɪs dræft, ˈəðər ðən ˈgɪtɪŋ ə pɪk bæk fər kʊks, wɪʧ ðeɪ juzd ɔn raɪt ˈtækəl raɪən ðɪs jɪr. haʊ aɪ dɪd: laɪk ðə seɪnts, nɑt gʊd. aɪ laɪkt ðə pɪk əv ˌʒɑnbəpˈtɪst. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ weɪt ənˈtɪl ðə sɪksθ raʊnd tɪ teɪk ən əˈfɛnsɪv ˈlaɪnmən ənd maɪ ʤɛm wɑz ˈseɪfti ˈvɪni sənˈsɛri. hi meɪd ðə tim ɛz ə ˈrʊki, bət ɪz naʊ wɪθ ðə. ðɪs ˈwəzənt ə gʊd dræft æt ɔl. kʊks wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈseɪvɪŋ greɪs ənd hi ˈɪzənt ɔn ðə ˈrɑstər ˌɛniˈmɔr. nu greɪd: di nu jɔrk ʤaɪənts 2014 greɪd: si+ ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ tʊk rɪˈsivər oʊˈdɛl ˈbɛˌkhæm jr*. ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd, ənd hi həz ˈpruvən tɪ bi wərθ ɪt. hi ɪz ə stɑr. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ tʊk ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈsɛnər ˈwɛstən ˈrɪʧbərg ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd, ənd hi həz bɪn ə gʊd ˈvælju. noʊz ˈtækəl ʤeɪ ˈbrɑmli ɪz ə ˈbæˌkəp, waɪl ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈɑnˌdreɪ ˈwɪljəmz wɑz lɛt goʊ læst jɪr ənd ɪz naʊ wɪθ ðə ˈʧɑrʤərz. ˈseɪfti neɪt ɪz ə ˈbæˌkəp. ðə bɛst ˈvælju keɪm wɪθ ðɛr ˈəðər pɪk wɪn ðeɪ tʊk ˈlaɪnˌbækər ˈdɛvən ˈkɛnərd. hi həz ˈstɑrtɪd 25 geɪmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ naɪn læst ˈsizən. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ laɪkt ðə pɪk əv ˈbrɑmli, ənd hi həz ʤɪst bɪn ə ˈbæˌkəp, soʊ ðə ˈvælju ˈhæzənt bɪn ðɛr. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz ˈkɔrnər ˈbɛnɪt ˈʤæksən, hu hæd tu ˈmeɪʤər ni ˈɪnʤəriz ðət lɛd tɪ hɪz biɪŋ riˈlist. æt wən pɔɪnt, hi hæd ə ʧæns tɪ stɑrt æt ˈseɪfti ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz ˈsɛkənd ni ˈsərʤəri. nu greɪd: bi nu jɔrk ʤɛts 2014 greɪd: si ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ hæd 12 pɪks, bət əv ðoʊz 12 ˈoʊnli tu ər prɑˈʤɛktəd ˈstɑrtərz ɪn 2017 wən ɪz ˈseɪfti ˈkælvɪn praɪər, bət hi ɪz ɔn ˈnoʊtɪs ˈæftər ðeɪ tʊk ˈseɪftiz wɪθ ðɛr fərst tu pɪks ðɪs jɪr ənd ˈpɛdəld ɪm əraʊnd ðə lig. ðə ˈəðər ɪz rɪˈsivər kˈwɪnsi enunwa*, hu həz dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu ə nis pleɪər ˈæftər biɪŋ ə pɪk. ðə rɛst əv ðə klæs həz prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈlɪtəl. ˈkɔrnər ˈdɛkstər məkˈdugəl ɪz ə ˈbæˌkəp hu ˈɛnərz ðɪs ˈsizən ɔn ˈʃeɪki graʊnd, waɪl gɑrd dəˈkoʊtə ˈdoʊziər ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈbæˌkəp hu meɪd tu stɑrts læst ˈsizən. ðeɪ mɪst bɪg ɔn taɪt ɛnd ɑˈmɑroʊ, hu wɑz lɛt goʊ ənd ɪz naʊ ɪn ˌtɛnəˈsi. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ laɪkt ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈteɪkɪŋ praɪər ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd, ənd meɪd ɪm ðə bɛst pɪk. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ˈteɪkɪŋ ɑˈmɑroʊ ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd, ənd ðət pruvd tɪ bi tru. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz rɪˈsivər ˈsɔndərz, bət hi dɪd ˈlɪtəl ənd wɑz riˈlist ɪn 2015 ənd həz baʊnst əraʊnd ðə lig sɪns. ðɪs wɑz ə ˈtɛrəbəl dræft. nu greɪd: ɛf ˈoʊklənd ˈreɪdərz 2014 greɪd: bi ðə ˈskɪni: ðɪs ɪz ðə dræft ðət meɪd ðɪs tim wət ɪt ɪz naʊ, ə ˈsupər boʊl kənˈtɛndər. ðeɪ tʊk pæs ˈrəʃər ˈkæləl mæk wɪθ ðə fɪθ ˈoʊvərˌɔl pɪk. hi həz tərnd ˈɪntu wən əv ðə bɛst ɪn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl. ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd, ðeɪ ˈlændɪd kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ˈdɛrɪk kɑr, ənd hi ɪz ðɛr ˈfrænˌʧaɪz ˈpæsər fər ðə fɔrˈsiəbəl fˈjuʧər. ðæts ə daɪˈnæmɪk pənʧ. gɑrd geɪb ˈʤæksən ɪz ə gʊd pleɪər hu hɛlps meɪk ðə ˈoʊklənd laɪn wən əv ðə bɛst. noʊz ˈtækəl ˈʤəstɪn ˈɛlɪs ɪz ə ˈstɑrtər, ənd dɪˈfɛnsɪv bæks kiθ məˈgɪl (fɔrθ) ənd t.j*. ˈkɛri (ˈsɛvənθ) hæv boʊθ ˈstɑrtɪd, wɪθ ˈkɛri ˈhævɪŋ 21 stɑrts ɪn θri ˈsizənz. ðɪs wɑz ən ənˈril dræft. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ ləvd ðə mæk pɪk ənd sɛd ɪn maɪ greɪdz hi wʊd bi ə stɑr. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ˈteɪkɪŋ kɑr ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd. bæd muv. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz məˈgɪl, hu həz θri kərɪr stɑrts. ɪn maɪ ˈgreɪdɪŋ, aɪ sɛd ðɪs kʊd bi ə hɛk əv ə dræft ɪf kɑr dɪˈvɛləps. hi dɪd; ɪt ɪz. nu greɪd: ə+ ðə ˈreɪdərz hɪt ðə ˈʤækˌpɑt wɪθ ˈdɛrɪk kɑr. ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ˈigəlz 2014 greɪd: bi+ ðə ˈskɪni: pɪk ˈmɑrkəs smɪθ, ən ɛʤ ˈrəʃər, həz tɪ bi kənˈsɪdərd ə bəst. hi həz nɑt ˈstɑrtɪd ə geɪm ənd həz ʤɪst fɔr sæks ɪn θri ˈsizənz. ðæts ə bæd rɪˈtərn. rɪˈsivər ˈʤɔrdən ˈmæθjuz həz bɪn ə gʊd pleɪər, ˈstɑrtɪŋ 35 geɪmz wɪθ 223 ˈkæʧɪz. ðət ɪz ˈvælju. ðə ˈigəlz riˈlist rɪˈsivər ʤɑʃ həf ˈæftər ə gən ʧɑrʤ læst noʊˈvɛmbər. hi ɪz naʊ wɪθ ˈtæmpə beɪ, bət wɑz ˈmoʊstli ə ˈbæˌkəp ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə. ˈkɔrnər ˈwɑtkɪnz wɑz kət ɪn 2015 bət wɑz brɔt bæk læst jɪr ənd pleɪd 38 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə dɪˈfɛnsɪv snæps, ˈstɑrtɪŋ fɔr geɪmz. hi həz pleɪd slɑt ˈkɔrnər ənd ˈseɪfti ɛz wɛl. dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl ˈteɪlər hɑrt ɪz naʊ biɪŋ traɪd æt raɪt ˈtækəl ˈæftər biɪŋ kət læst jɪr ənd ðɛn brɔt bæk ˈmɪdˌweɪ θru ðə ˈsizən. pɪk boʊ ˈælən ɪz ə ˈbæˌkəp dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ laɪkt ðə pɪk əv həf ɪn ðə θərd, wɪʧ ˈdɪdənt pæn aʊt. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ˈpæsɪŋ ɔn ə ˈkɔrnər ənˈtɪl ðə fɔrθ, ənd ðeɪ stɪl hæv ˈɪʃuz ðɛr. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz hɑrt, ə dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl frəm ˈɔrəˌgɑn hu ˈdɪdənt wərk aʊt ɔn ðət saɪd əv ðə bɔl. nu greɪd: di ˈpɪtsbərg ˈstilərz 2014 greɪd: bi ðə ˈskɪni: ðə ˈstilərz hæd bɪg hɪts wɪθ ðɛr fərst tu pɪks, hu ər boʊθ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈpisɪz ɔn ðɛr dɪˈfɛns. ðeɪ ˈlændɪd ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈlaɪnˌbækər raɪən ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd ənd dɪˈfɛnsɪv ɛnd ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd. həz 24 stɑrts ðə pæst tu ˈsizənz, ˈmɪsɪŋ səm taɪm bɪˈkəz əv ˈɪnʤəriz. həz 28 ənd mɪst tu læst jɪr wɪθ ə ni ˈɪnʤəri. ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈɑrʧər ˈdɪdənt wərk aʊt, ənd hi ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər wɪθ ðə tim. rɪˈsivər braɪənt wɑz ə ˈstɑrtər ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ səˈspɛndɪd fər ðə 2016 ˈsizən fər ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ ðə ligz ˈpɑləsi. hi ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd bæk ðɪs ˈsizən. pɪk ˈdænjəl məˈkələrz ɪz ə ˈbæˌkəp noʊz ˈtækəl. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ ləvd ðɛr fərst tu pɪks, ənd meɪd braɪənt ðɛr bɛst pɪk ɪn ðə fɔrθ. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɑrʧər, ənd ðət pleɪd tru. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz məˈkələrz, hu həz ˈstɑrtɪd fər ðɛm. nu greɪd: bi+ sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ˈʧɑrʤərz 2014 greɪd: bi- ðə ˈskɪni: ðə ˈʧɑrʤərz ˈlændɪd ˈkɔrnər ˈʤeɪsən ˈvɛrɪt ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd, ənd hi həz bɪˈkəm ðɛr bɛst ˈkəvər pleɪər. ðeɪ hɪt ɔn ðət wən. pæs ˈrəʃər ˌʤɛrəˈmaɪə həz 13 stɑrts wɪθ 10 sæks ɪn hɪz θri ˈsizənz, bət hiz ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf ə hɪp ˈɪnʤəri ðət ˈʃɔrtənd hɪz 2016 ˈsizən. dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl raɪən ɪz ə ˈbæˌkəp. əˈfɛnsɪv ˈlaɪnmən krɪs wɑt wɑz weɪvd læst jɪr ɛz hi ˈbætəld tɪ kəm bæk frəm ə ni ˈɪnʤəri. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ sɛd ˈvɛrɪt wɑz ðə bɛst pɪk, ənd hi həz bɪn baɪ fɑr. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ treɪd əp ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd tɪ gɪt, ənd hi həz pleɪd bɪˈloʊ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈmɑrlən graɪs, ənd hi wɑz kət ɛz ə ˈrʊki. nu greɪd: si- sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ 2014 greɪd: bi ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ tʊk ˈʤɪmi wɔrd ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd ənd hi həz ˈstɑrtɪd 18 geɪmz ðə pæst tu ˈsizənz æt ˈseɪfti. hi wɑz ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ 10 læst jɪr bɪˈkəz əv ˈɪnʤəriz, bət hiz ə ˈsɑləd pleɪər. ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈkɑrloʊs haɪd wɑz ˈhævɪŋ ə nis kərɪr, bət hi ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf ə tɔrn hi ˈsəfərd ɪn wik 17 læst ˈsizən. ðeɪ hɪt ɔn ˈlaɪnˌbækər krɪs ˈbɔrlənd, bət hi ˈsədənli rɪˈtaɪrd ˈæftər hɪz ˈrʊki ˈsizən. ðeɪ gɑt 24 stɑrts aʊt əv ˈsɛnər ˈmɑrkəs ˈmɑrtɪn, bət hi wɑz weɪvd ðɪs spərɪŋ ənd ɪz naʊ ɪn ˈklivlənd. ˈkɔrnər ˈʤɑnsən həz fɔr stɑrts ɪn θri ˈsizənz, bət hɪz pleɪɪŋ taɪm wɛnt weɪ daʊn læst jɪr. rɪˈsivər brus ˈɛlɪŋtən, əˈnəðər pɪk, mɪst ɔl əv læst ˈsizən wɪθ ə ˈhæmˌstrɪŋ ˈɪnʤəri ənd həz ʤɪst 19 ˈkæʧɪz ɪn hɪz kərɪr. kiθ ˈrisər, ə ˈkɔrnər, ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈbæˌkəp. ɛʤ pleɪər ˈɛrən lɪnʧ həz bɪn pərˈdəktɪv, ˈgɪtɪŋ sæks hɪz fərst tu ˈsizənz, bət hiz ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf ə ˈsizən ðət sɔ ɪm səˈspɛndɪd fər fɔr geɪmz fər ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ ðə ligz ˈpɑləsi ənd ðɛn gɪt ʤɪst sæks. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ θɔt wɔrd wɑz ðɛr bɛst pɪk, ənd hi ɪz ðət. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ˈteɪkɪŋ haɪd wɪn ðeɪ dɪd bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæd soʊ ˈmɛni bæks, bət ðət həz kaɪnd əv wərkt aʊt. aɪ meɪd lɪnʧ maɪ ʤɛm, seɪɪŋ ɪf hi gɪts hɪz ˈkɛrɪktər kənˈsərnz ˈəndər kənˈtroʊl hi kʊd bi ə stil. nu greɪd: bi- siˈætəl ˈsiˌhɔks 2014 greɪd: bi+ ðə ˈskɪni: ðə ˈsiˌhɔks ˈtreɪdɪd aʊt əv ðə fərst raʊnd wɪθ ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz tɪ gɪt ˈɛkstrə pɪks, ənd ðɛn ˈtreɪdɪd əˈgɛn wɪθ ðə laɪənz tɪ ɛnd əp wɪθ naɪn pɪks. wɪθ ʤɑn ʃˈnaɪdərz træk ˈrɛkərd, ju wʊd θɪŋk ðɛr wʊd bi ə lɔt əv hɪts. bət ðə ˈoʊnli prɑˈʤɛktəd ʃʊr ˈstɑrtər ɪn 2017 ɪz pɪk ˈʤəstɪn brɪt, ðɛr ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈsɛnər. ˈlaɪnˌbækər mɑrʃ, ə pɪk, ˈɔlsoʊ kʊd stɑrt. pɔl ˈrɪʧərdsən, hu wɑz ðɛr fərst pɪk ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd (ðeɪ hæd tu), ɪz ə ˈbæˌkəp rɪˈsivər. ˈɪnʤəriz hæv sloʊd hɪz dɪˈvɛləpmənt. pɪk ˈkɛvɪn ɪz ə ˈbæˌkəp ˈlaɪnˌbækər hu dɪz ə nis ʤɑb ɔn ˈspɛʃəl timz. ðæts ɪt frəm ðɪs dræft. soʊ ɪts wən ˈdɛfənət ˈstɑrtər, ənd ˈmeɪbi wən mɔr. ðæts nɑt greɪt. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ laɪkt ðə ʧɔɪs əv ˈrɪʧərdsən, wɪʧ ˈhæzənt wərkt aʊt jɛt. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ˈteɪkɪŋ brɪt ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd, ənd aɪ wɑz rɔŋ. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz mɑrʃ, hu həz bɪn ə gʊd roʊˈteɪʃən pleɪər. aɪ θɔt ðɪs klæs wʊd bi ˈbɛtər. nu greɪd: si- st*. luɪs ræmz 2014 greɪd: ə+ ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ hæd ə tən əv pɪks, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ tu pɪks, θæŋks tɪ ðə treɪd wɪθ ðə ˈrɛdˌskɪnz ɪn ðə ˈrɑbərt ˈgrɪfɪn dil. wən əv ðoʊz pɪks wɑz ˈtækəl grɛg ˈrɑbənsən, ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈoʊvərˌɔl pɪk, hu ˈhæzənt lɪvd əp tɪ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz. səm kənˈsɪdər ɪm ə bəst. bət ˈɛrən ˈdɑnəld, ðɛr ˈsɛkənd pɪk, ɪz wən əv ðə bɛst dɪˈfɛnsɪv pleɪərz ɪn ðə lig. ˈkɔrnər ˈʤɔɪnər həz bɪn ðɛr ˈnɪkəl ˈkɔrnər. ˈrənɪŋ bæk treɪ ˈmeɪsən ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər wɪθ ðə tim ˈæftər biɪŋ riˈlist ɪn mɑrʧ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈɪʃuz. hi ʃoʊd ˈprɑməs ɛz ə ˈrʊki wɪθ 765 jɑrdz ˈrəʃɪŋ. ðeɪ gɑt ə ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈseɪfti ɪn moʊ ˌælɪgˈzændər ɪn ðə fɔrθ raʊnd ənd ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈkɔrnər e.j*. geɪnz ɪn ðə sɪksθ. ˈbæˌkəp ˈsɛnər dɪˈmitriəs keɪm ɪn ðə ˈsɛvənθ. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ θɔt ˈʤɔɪnər wɑz ðɛr bɛst pɪk, ənd ðæts ˈsərtənli nɑt ðə keɪs wɪθ ˈdɑnəld bɪˈkəmɪŋ ðə pleɪər hi ɪz naʊ. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ðə ˈmeɪsən pɪk, waɪl ˈmeɪkɪŋ geɪnz maɪ ʤɛm. piz. aɪ ləvd ðə ˈrɑbənsən ənd ðə ˈdɑnəld pɪks. laɪk ðə ræmz, ðæts wən fər tu. nu greɪd: bi ˈtæmpə beɪ ˌbəkəˈnirz 2014 greɪd: bi+ ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ tʊk rɪˈsivər maɪk ˈɛvənz ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd, ənd hi həz dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu ə proʊ boʊl pleɪər ənd ðə gaɪ ɔn ðɛr əˈfɛns. ðeɪ keɪm bæk ənd ˈædɪd taɪt ɛnd ˈɔstən ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd, ənd hi ɪz naʊ wɪθ ðə ʤɛts ˈæftər ˈtæmpə beɪ riˈlist ɪm læst ˈsizən ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ ərˈɛst. hɪz ˈtælənt wɑz ˈweɪstɪd wɪθ ðə bəks. ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈʧɑrəlz sɪmz həz bɪn ə nis ˈbæˌkəp ˈrənɪŋ bæk ɪn hɪz θri ˈsizənz. əˈfɛnsɪv ˈlaɪnmən ˈkɛvɪn həz ˈstɑrtɪd 18 geɪmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ 14 læst jɪr æt lɛft gɑrd. hi həz ˈstrəgəld æt taɪmz. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ laɪkt ðə pɪk əv, bət ðət wɑz beɪst ɔn hɪz ˈtælənt. ənd aɪ θɪŋk ɪt stɪl wʊd hæv hɛld əp ɪf hi ˈdɪdənt hæv ˈɪʃuz. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ˈteɪkɪŋ sɪmz ɪn ðə θərd wɪθ hɛlp ˈnidɪd. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz rɪˈsivər ˈrɑbərt ˈhɛrən, hu wɑz weɪvd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə 2015 ˈsizən. mɪs. nu greɪd: si ˌtɛnəˈsi ˈtaɪtənz 2014 greɪd: si- ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ tʊk ˈtækəl ˈteɪlər luən ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd ənd hi həz dɪˈvɛləpt ˈɪntu ə gʊd lɛft ˈtækəl. dɪˈfɛnsɪv ɛnd ʤoʊnz həz ˈstɑrtɪd 16 geɪmz iʧ əv ðə pæst tu ˈsizənz ənd həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈrɪli gʊd rən dɪˈfɛndər. ðə bɛst pɪk ɪn tərmz əv ˈvælju wɑz ʧɔɪs ˈeɪvəri ˈwɪljəmsən. hi həz ˈstɑrtɪd 43 geɪmz ðə pæst θri ˈsizənz æt ˈlaɪnˌbækər, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ 16 læst ˈsizən. hi ɪz ə pərˈdəktɪv pleɪər ɔn ðɛr dɪˈfɛns. ðeɪ dɪd mɪs bɪg ɔn ˈrənɪŋ bæk ˈbɪʃəp ˈsæŋki, hu wɑz riˈlist ɪn 2016 ˈæftər 12 stɑrts hɪz fərst tu ˈsizənz. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ meɪd ʤoʊnz ðɛr bɛst pɪk, soʊ ðət wɑz ə hɪt. aɪ kˈwɛsʧənd ˈteɪkɪŋ luən ðət haɪ wɪθ tu gʊd ˈtækəlz ɔn ðə ˈrɑstər, bət ðət peɪd ɔf fər ðɛm. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kˈwɛsʧənd ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ teɪk ˈsæŋki, wɪʧ ˈdɪdənt wərk aʊt. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz kˈwɔrtərˌbæk zæk mettenberger*, wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdɪdənt wərk aʊt. nu greɪd: bi+ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈrɛdˌskɪnz 2014 greɪd: bi- ðə ˈskɪni: ðeɪ ˈdɪdənt hæv ə pɪk ɪt wɑz ˈtreɪdɪd əˈweɪ ɪn ðə ˈrɑbərt ˈgrɪfɪn dil bət ðeɪ ˈɛndɪd əp wɪθ ə nis dræft hɔl. ðeɪ tʊk ˈlaɪnˌbækər trɛnt ˈmərfi ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd, ənd hi həz ˈstɑrtɪd 22 geɪmz ənd hæd naɪn sæks læst ˈsizən ɔf ðə bɛnʧ. ðɛr fərst pɪk, ˈmɔrgən ˈmoʊzɪs, həz ˈimərʤd ɛz ə kˈwɑləti raɪt ˈtækəl, ənd ðə tim geɪv ɪm ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɪkˈstɛnʃən ðɪs spərɪŋ. ˈspɛnsər lɔŋ, hu wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈteɪkən ɪn ðə θərd raʊnd, ɪz ðɛr ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈsɛnər. ənd pɪk ˈbrilənd həz ˈstɑrtɪd 43 geɪmz æt ˈkɔrnər ɪn θri ˈsizənz. ðæts greɪt ˈvælju. rɪˈsivər raɪən grænt ɪz ə ˈbæˌkəp. haʊ aɪ dɪd: aɪ θɔt ˈmoʊzɪs wɑz ðɛr bɛst pɪk, ənd hi həz pleɪd tɪ ðət ˈlɛvəl. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ laɪkt ˈmərfi, bət dɪd kˈwɛʃən ˈteɪkɪŋ ɪm ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd. aɪ wɑz rɔŋ. maɪ ʤɛm wɑz ˈbrilənd, ənd aɪ hɪt ðət wən. nu greɪd: ə |
beit hanoun, gaza strip a potent symbol of the schism between the palestinian authority and hamas, the islamist group that dominates gaza, has been visible at the border crossing here for years: the two maintain separate checkpoints a apart, and travelers crossing to or from israel have to pass through both.
over the last week, though, the crossing illustrated something else: the unraveling of the reconciliation agreement reached last year, and the dysfunction of the palestinians’ supposed government of national consensus.
after hamas set up a makeshift outpost at the palestinian checkpoint last week, the authority abandoned it, prompting israel to allow only foreigners and gazans with humanitarian emergencies to pass.
“we’re paying a price for the long division,” said abdul kader abdul hadi, who was among the few who crossed the border on tuesday so his son, born with a heart ailment, could be treated in israel. “i hope they solve the problem and save lives of innocent people, far from the political issues.” | beɪt hanoun*, ˈgɑzə strɪp ə ˈpoʊtənt ˈsɪmbəl əv ðə ˈskɪzəm bɪtˈwin ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniən əˈθɔrəti ənd ˌhɑˈmɑs, ðə ˈɪsləmɪst grup ðət ˈdɑməˌneɪts ˈgɑzə, həz bɪn ˈvɪzəbəl æt ðə ˈbɔrdər ˈkrɔsɪŋ hir fər jɪrz: ðə tu meɪnˈteɪn ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈʧɛkˌpɔɪnts ə əˈpɑrt, ənd ˈtrævələrz ˈkrɔsɪŋ tɪ ər frəm ˈɪzriəl hæv tɪ pæs θru boʊθ. ˈoʊvər ðə læst wik, ðoʊ, ðə ˈkrɔsɪŋ ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls: ðə ənˈrævəlɪŋ əv ðə ˌrɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃən əˈgrimənt riʧt læst jɪr, ənd ðə dɪsˈfəŋkʃən əv ðə palestinians’*’ səˈpoʊzd ˈgəvərnmənt əv ˈnæʃənəl kənˈsɛnsəs. ˈæftər ˌhɑˈmɑs sɛt əp ə ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft ˈaʊtˌpoʊst æt ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniən ˈʧɛkˌpɔɪnt læst wik, ðə əˈθɔrəti əˈbændənd ɪt, ˈprɑmptɪŋ ˈɪzriəl tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈoʊnli ˈfɔrənərz ənd ˈgɑzənz wɪθ ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən ˈimərʤənsiz tɪ pæs. peɪɪŋ ə praɪs fər ðə lɔŋ division,”*,” sɛd æbˈdul ˈkeɪdər æbˈdul hadi*, hu wɑz əˈməŋ ðə fju hu krɔst ðə ˈbɔrdər ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ soʊ hɪz sən, bɔrn wɪθ ə hɑrt ˈeɪlmənt, kʊd bi ˈtritɪd ɪn ˈɪzriəl. hoʊp ðeɪ sɑlv ðə ˈprɑbləm ənd seɪv lɪvz əv ˈɪnəsənt ˈpipəl, fɑr frəm ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl issues.”*.” |
u.s. border patrol scrutinized for increasing fatalities
shooting deaths of foreign national is up along the southwest border. the agency has been called to modify its policy. but it has a culture of secrecy and lacks transparency.
steve inskeep, host:
for people near the u.s. border with mexico, the border patrol is part of life. you pass agents on the highway, or parked quietly by the border fence. along with the security has come criticism for violence. in numerous incidents, agents are accused of shooting unarmed mexicans, some of them said to be throwing rocks. the incidents are a sensitive subject for the agency. npr's john burnett learned just how sensitive.
john burnett, byline: the u.s. border patrol, with more than agents, is the law enforcement agency in the united states, after new york city's. working on the southwest border, often in remote back country, populated with bandits, smugglers and undocumented immigrants, the job presents unique challenges. a morning edition team witnessed the arrest of 18 migrants last month near hidalgo, texas for the series.
(soundbite of door closing)
inskeep: one by one, the people were loaded into vans, and the agents loaded their belongings into plastic bags. other agents continued searching the woods.
burnett: the border patrol says in recent years, conditions have gotten more dangerous here on the southern frontier, and violence against agents is on the rise. but fatalities caused by border officers have also increased sharply, prompting concern that the agency must improve its policies and training. one recent independent review looked at 67 shooting incidents that resulted in 19 deaths between january 2010 and october 2012. the report, which was leaked to the los angeles times, describes border officers shooting at moving vehicles and at rock throwers without sufficient provocation, and it criticized the agency's overall handling of shootings. senator robert menendez, a democrat from new jersey, has been a leading voice among 16 members of congress calling for change.
senator robert menendez: uniformity of what is the standard on the use of the force is incredibly important, because we see in some parts of the border patrol, where some kid on the other side of the border flings a rock and they get shot at, and another side of the border a kid flings a rock and, you know, nothing happens.
burnett: responding to criticism, last month, the chief of the border patrol, michael fisher, released a directive reminding agents not to shoot at moving vehicles or rock throwers unless the agent believes his life is threatened. many interpreted the directive as a significant change of policy. a typical headline in the l.a. times read: "border patrol restricts agents' use of force." but officers don't interpret it that way, according to shawn moran, vice president of the national border patrol council, the union that represents agents.
shawn moran: we didn't see anything new in the directive. any changes to the policy would have to be negotiated with the union, and since that never happened, we view this as just a reminder to agents of what the policy is.
burnett: in fact, the directive restates what's already in the policy handbook: officers may use deadly force only when necessary - that is, when the officer has a reasonable belief that the subject of such force poses an imminent danger of death or serious physical injury to the officer or to another person. during a visit earlier this month i made to the border patrol academy in artesia, new mexico, training supervisor brian said the circumstances of every confrontation are different.
brian: all that is based on, as far as when they would draw a weapon and when they would use force, is based off of officer's perception, is based off of the threat that they are presented with, severity of the crime and the actions of the subject.
burnett: i went there to interview the director and his deputy about the academy's evolving training, but neither was permitted to speak to me on the record. so, i asked to go a level deeper, to get more insight into what the academy teaches young trainees about when to use deadly force or when to use non-lethal force, such as pepper spray or batons. this is the exchange that ensued with the agency's public affairs person, who oversaw my visit.
what are the hierarchy of responses to rock throwers...
unidentified woman #1: we're not going to...
burnett: ...what is first action, second action or...
unidentified woman #1: ...discuss the hierarchy or - ok. that's it. that's it.
burnett: i was then escorted out of the border patrol training academy.
unidentified woman #1: that's it.
burnett: transparency is another problem the border patrol needs to work on. again, union vice president shawn moran whose are part of the parent agency,, customs and border protection.
moran: you know, i sat on a panel last week, and i said that has a legacy of secrecy. and i think that can do a lot to alleviate the concerns by opening up the books and showing what is going on out there. and i think people would accept why agents had to use force if they knew more facts about these incidents.
burnett: both the new homeland security secretary johnson and commissioner gil have pledged to make the agency more transparency. to that end, it made public a redacted copy of its policy handbook. but they have much more work to do. an investigation by homeland security's inspector general urged the border patrol to better train agents in use of force and track citizen complaints better. last year, the released its own list of 79 recommendations to bring customs and border protection procedures more in line with the best practices of metro police departments. for instance, in most cities, when a police officer kills a citizen, a commander holds a press conference, the officer is named, he's often put on administration leave and the victim's family is updated on the progress of the investigation. when the border patrol kills someone, none of that happens. chris is policy counsel with the.
chris: has its own responsibility to make clear what in the fatal and other incidents it does in terms of putting officers on administrative leave and investigating and following up on these matters. that's a lot more transparent in urban police departments.
burnett: one of the special dangers faced by border agents that's different from a city cop is rock throwing. mexicans throw projectiles from their side of the border at uniformed agents on the u.s. side, and the agents have to decide what to do - take cover, leave the area or use force. since 2010, by the agency's count, officers have been assaulted with rocks times. they have responded with deadly force 43 times, causing 10 deaths. one of the dead was jose antonio elena. the high school student was shot and killed on a sidewalk in nogales, sonora by a border officer in october of 2012. the 911 caller describes an officer shooting from the arizona side into mexico.
unidentified man #1: (spanish spoken)
unidentified woman #2: (spanish spoken)
unidentified man #1: (spanish spoken)
burnett: federal agents were reportedly being pelted with rocks when at least one of them fired through the international fence and struck jose antonio, who, witnesses say, was not throwing rocks and was not armed. the mexican autopsy report describes 10 bullet wounds - six of them in his back. through a translator is his grandmother, elena.
taide alena: (through translator) because jose antonio did not deserve to die in such a cruel way. he was a good boy. he had dreams. he had hopes, and he was waiting to turn 18 so that he could join the military. so, what i want, what i hope, is for justice: justice for jose antonio, and for those who are guilty of shedding his blood.
burnett: as of today, 17 months later, there has been no information on who the agent is, what administration action was taken or the status of the fbi investigation into the death of jose antonio elena. john burnett, npr news.
inskeep: we invited border patrol chief michael fisher to talk about the agency's use of force, and we are working to schedule that interview. this is npr news.
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npr transcripts are created on a rush deadline by verb8tm, inc., an npr contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with npr. this text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. accuracy and availability may vary. the authoritative record of programming is the audio record. | juz. ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl ˈskrutəˌnaɪzd fər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ fəˈtælɪtiz ˈʃutɪŋ dɛθs əv ˈfɔrən ˈnæʃənəl ɪz əp əˈlɔŋ ðə ˌsaʊθˈwɛst ˈbɔrdər. ðə ˈeɪʤənsi həz bɪn kɔld tɪ ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ ɪts ˈpɑləsi. bət ɪt həz ə ˈkəlʧər əv ˈsikrəsi ənd læks trænˈspɛrənsi. stiv ˈɪnzˌkip, hoʊst: fər ˈpipəl nɪr ðə juz. ˈbɔrdər wɪθ ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ðə ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl ɪz pɑrt əv laɪf. ju pæs ˈeɪʤənts ɔn ðə ˈhaɪˌweɪ, ər pɑrkt kˈwaɪətli baɪ ðə ˈbɔrdər fɛns. əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti həz kəm ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm fər ˈvaɪələns. ɪn ˈnumərəs ˈɪnsədənts, ˈeɪʤənts ər əˈkjuzd əv ˈʃutɪŋ əˈnɑrmd ˈmɛksɪkənz, səm əv ðɛm sɛd tɪ bi θroʊɪŋ rɑks. ðə ˈɪnsədənts ər ə ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ˈsəbʤɪkt fər ðə ˈeɪʤənsi. ˈɛnˈpiˈɑrz ʤɑn bərˈnɛt ˈlərnɪd ʤɪst haʊ ˈsɛnsɪtɪv. ʤɑn bərˈnɛt, ˈbaɪˌlaɪn: ðə juz. ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl, wɪθ mɔr ðən ˈeɪʤənts, ɪz ðə lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənsi ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈæftər nu jɔrk ˈsɪtiz. ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə ˌsaʊθˈwɛst ˈbɔrdər, ˈɔfən ɪn rɪˈmoʊt bæk ˈkəntri, ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd wɪθ ˈbændəts, sˈməgələrz ənd ənˈdɑkjəmɛnɪd ˈɪməgrənts, ðə ʤɑb ˈprɛzənts juˈnik ˈʧælənʤɪz. ə ˈmɔrnɪŋ ɪˈdɪʃən tim ˈwɪtnəst ðə ərˈɛst əv 18 ˈmaɪgrənts læst mənθ nɪr həˈdælˌgoʊ, ˈtɛksəs fər ðə ˈsɪriz. (ˈsaʊndˌbaɪt əv dɔr ˈkloʊzɪŋ) ˈɪnzˌkip: wən baɪ wən, ðə ˈpipəl wər ˈloʊdɪd ˈɪntu vænz, ənd ðə ˈeɪʤənts ˈloʊdɪd ðɛr bɪˈlɔŋɪŋz ˈɪntu ˈplæstɪk bægz. ˈəðər ˈeɪʤənts kənˈtɪnjud ˈsərʧɪŋ ðə wʊdz. bərˈnɛt: ðə ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl sɪz ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, kənˈdɪʃənz hæv ˈgɔtən mɔr ˈdeɪnʤərəs hir ɔn ðə ˈsəðərn frənˈtɪr, ənd ˈvaɪələns əˈgɛnst ˈeɪʤənts ɪz ɔn ðə raɪz. bət fəˈtælɪtiz kɔzd baɪ ˈbɔrdər ˈɔfɪsərz hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkrist ˈʃɑrpli, ˈprɑmptɪŋ kənˈsərn ðət ðə ˈeɪʤənsi məst ˌɪmˈpruv ɪts ˈpɑləsiz ənd ˈtreɪnɪŋ. wən ˈrisənt ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌrivˈju lʊkt æt 67 ˈʃutɪŋ ˈɪnsədənts ðət rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn 19 dɛθs bɪtˈwin ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2010 ənd ɑkˈtoʊbər 2012 ðə rɪˈpɔrt, wɪʧ wɑz likt tɪ ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs taɪmz, dɪˈskraɪbz ˈbɔrdər ˈɔfɪsərz ˈʃutɪŋ æt ˈmuvɪŋ ˈviɪkəlz ənd æt rɑk θroʊərz wɪˈθaʊt səˈfɪʃənt ˌprɑvəˈkeɪʃən, ənd ɪt ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈhændəlɪŋ əv ˈʃutɪŋz. ˈsɛnətər ˈrɑbərt mɛˈnɛndɛz, ə ˈdɛməˌkræt frəm nu ˈʤərzi, həz bɪn ə ˈlidɪŋ vɔɪs əˈməŋ 16 ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈkɑŋgrəs ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ʧeɪnʤ. ˈsɛnətər ˈrɑbərt mɛˈnɛndɛz: ˌjunəˈfɔrməti əv wət ɪz ðə ˈstændərd ɔn ðə juz əv ðə fɔrs ɪz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, bɪˈkəz wi si ɪn səm pɑrts əv ðə ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl, wɛr səm kɪd ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd əv ðə ˈbɔrdər flɪŋz ə rɑk ənd ðeɪ gɪt ʃɑt æt, ənd əˈnəðər saɪd əv ðə ˈbɔrdər ə kɪd flɪŋz ə rɑk ənd, ju noʊ, ˈnəθɪŋ ˈhæpənz. bərˈnɛt: rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm, læst mənθ, ðə ʧif əv ðə ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl, ˈmaɪkəl ˈfɪʃər, riˈlist ə dɪˈrɛktɪv riˈmaɪndɪŋ ˈeɪʤənts nɑt tɪ ʃut æt ˈmuvɪŋ ˈviɪkəlz ər rɑk θroʊərz ənˈlɛs ðə ˈeɪʤənt bɪˈlivz hɪz laɪf ɪz θˈrɛtənd. ˈmɛni ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ðə dɪˈrɛktɪv ɛz ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ʧeɪnʤ əv ˈpɑləsi. ə ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈhɛˌdlaɪn ɪn ðə l.a*. taɪmz rɛd: "ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl riˈstrɪkts ˈeɪʤənts' juz əv fɔrs." bət ˈɔfɪsərz doʊnt ˌɪnˈtərprət ɪt ðət weɪ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ʃɔn mɔˈræn, vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl ˈkaʊnsəl, ðə ˈjunjən ðət ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ˈeɪʤənts. ʃɔn mɔˈræn: wi ˈdɪdənt si ˈɛniˌθɪŋ nu ɪn ðə dɪˈrɛktɪv. ˈɛni ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈpɑləsi wʊd hæv tɪ bi nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪd wɪθ ðə ˈjunjən, ənd sɪns ðət ˈnɛvər ˈhæpənd, wi vju ðɪs ɛz ʤɪst ə riˈmaɪndər tɪ ˈeɪʤənts əv wət ðə ˈpɑləsi ɪz. bərˈnɛt: ɪn fækt, ðə dɪˈrɛktɪv riˈsteɪts wəts ɔˈrɛdi ɪn ðə ˈpɑləsi ˈhændˌbʊk: ˈɔfɪsərz meɪ juz ˈdɛdli fɔrs ˈoʊnli wɪn ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ðət ɪz, wɪn ðə ˈɔfɪsər həz ə ˈrizənəbəl bɪˈlif ðət ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv səʧ fɔrs ˈpoʊzɪz ən ˈɪmənənt ˈdeɪnʤər əv dɛθ ər ˈsɪriəs ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈɪnʤəri tɪ ðə ˈɔfɪsər ər tɪ əˈnəðər ˈpərsən. ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈvɪzɪt ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ aɪ meɪd tɪ ðə ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl əˈkædəmi ɪn artesia*, nu ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈsupərˌvaɪzər braɪən sɛd ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz əv ˈɛvəri ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən ər ˈdɪfərənt. braɪən: ɔl ðət ɪz beɪst ɔn, ɛz fɑr ɛz wɪn ðeɪ wʊd drɔ ə ˈwɛpən ənd wɪn ðeɪ wʊd juz fɔrs, ɪz beɪst ɔf əv ˈɔfɪsərz pərˈsɛpʃən, ɪz beɪst ɔf əv ðə θrɛt ðət ðeɪ ər pərˈzɛnəd wɪθ, sɪˈvɛrɪti əv ðə kraɪm ənd ðə ˈækʃənz əv ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt. bərˈnɛt: aɪ wɛnt ðɛr tɪ ˈɪntərvˌju ðə dɪˈrɛktər ənd hɪz ˈdɛpjəti əˈbaʊt ðə əˈkædəmiz ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈtreɪnɪŋ, bət ˈniðər wɑz pərˈmɪtɪd tɪ spik tɪ mi ɔn ðə ˈrɛkərd. soʊ, aɪ æst tɪ goʊ ə ˈlɛvəl ˈdipər, tɪ gɪt mɔr ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˈɪntu wət ðə əˈkædəmi ˈtiʧɪz jəŋ ˈtreɪˈniz əˈbaʊt wɪn tɪ juz ˈdɛdli fɔrs ər wɪn tɪ juz nɑnˈliθəl fɔrs, səʧ ɛz ˈpɛpər spreɪ ər bæˈtɑnz. ðɪs ɪz ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ðət ɪnˈsud wɪθ ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈpəblɪk əˈfɛrz ˈpərsən, hu ˈoʊvərˌsɔ maɪ ˈvɪzɪt. wət ər ðə ˈhaɪˌrɑrki əv rɪˈspɑnsɪz tɪ rɑk θroʊərz... ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈwʊmən 1 wɪr nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ... bərˈnɛt: ...wət ɪz fərst ˈækʃən, ˈsɛkənd ˈækʃən ər... ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈwʊmən 1 ...dɪˈskəs ðə ˈhaɪˌrɑrki ər ˈoʊˈkeɪ. ðæts ɪt. ðæts ɪt. bərˈnɛt: aɪ wɑz ðɛn ɛˈskɔrtɪd aʊt əv ðə ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl ˈtreɪnɪŋ əˈkædəmi. ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈwʊmən 1 ðæts ɪt. bərˈnɛt: trænˈspɛrənsi ɪz əˈnəðər ˈprɑbləm ðə ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl nidz tɪ wərk ɔn. əˈgɛn, ˈjunjən vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt ʃɔn mɔˈræn huz ər pɑrt əv ðə ˈpɛrənt ˈeɪʤənsi,, ˈkəstəmz ənd ˈbɔrdər prəˈtɛkʃən. mɔˈræn: ju noʊ, aɪ sæt ɔn ə ˈpænəl læst wik, ənd aɪ sɛd ðət həz ə ˈlɛgəsi əv ˈsikrəsi. ənd aɪ θɪŋk ðət kən du ə lɔt tɪ əˈliviˌeɪt ðə kənˈsərnz baɪ ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp ðə bʊks ənd ʃoʊɪŋ wət ɪz goʊɪŋ ɔn aʊt ðɛr. ənd aɪ θɪŋk ˈpipəl wʊd əkˈsɛpt waɪ ˈeɪʤənts hæd tɪ juz fɔrs ɪf ðeɪ nu mɔr fækts əˈbaʊt ðiz ˈɪnsədənts. bərˈnɛt: boʊθ ðə nu ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤɑnsən ənd kəˈmɪʃənər gɪl hæv plɛʤd tɪ meɪk ðə ˈeɪʤənsi mɔr trænˈspɛrənsi. tɪ ðət ɛnd, ɪt meɪd ˈpəblɪk ə rɪˈdæktɪd ˈkɑpi əv ɪts ˈpɑləsi ˈhændˌbʊk. bət ðeɪ hæv məʧ mɔr wərk tɪ du. ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrətiz ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈʤɛnərəl ərʤd ðə ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl tɪ ˈbɛtər treɪn ˈeɪʤənts ɪn juz əv fɔrs ənd træk ˈsɪtɪzən kəmˈpleɪnts ˈbɛtər. læst jɪr, ðə riˈlist ɪts oʊn lɪst əv 79 ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃənz tɪ brɪŋ ˈkəstəmz ənd ˈbɔrdər prəˈtɛkʃən prəˈsiʤərz mɔr ɪn laɪn wɪθ ðə bɛst ˈpræktɪsɪz əv ˈmɛˌtroʊ pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənts. fər ˈɪnstəns, ɪn moʊst ˈsɪtiz, wɪn ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər kɪlz ə ˈsɪtɪzən, ə kəˈmændər hoʊldz ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns, ðə ˈɔfɪsər ɪz neɪmd, hiz ˈɔfən pʊt ɔn ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən liv ənd ðə ˈvɪktɪmz ˈfæməli ɪz ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ɔn ðə ˈprɑˌgrɛs əv ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. wɪn ðə ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl kɪlz ˈsəmˌwən, nən əv ðət ˈhæpənz. krɪs ɪz ˈpɑləsi ˈkaʊnsəl wɪθ ðə. krɪs: həz ɪts oʊn riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ meɪk klɪr wət ɪn ðə ˈfeɪtəl ənd ˈəðər ˈɪnsədənts ɪt dɪz ɪn tərmz əv ˈpʊtɪŋ ˈɔfɪsərz ɔn ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv liv ənd ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ənd ˈfɑloʊɪŋ əp ɔn ðiz ˈmætərz. ðæts ə lɔt mɔr trænˈspɛrənt ɪn ˈərbən pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənts. bərˈnɛt: wən əv ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈdeɪnʤərz feɪst baɪ ˈbɔrdər ˈeɪʤənts ðæts ˈdɪfərənt frəm ə ˈsɪti kɑp ɪz rɑk θroʊɪŋ. ˈmɛksɪkənz θroʊ prɑˈʤɛktəlz frəm ðɛr saɪd əv ðə ˈbɔrdər æt ˈjunəˌfɔrmd ˈeɪʤənts ɔn ðə juz. saɪd, ənd ðə ˈeɪʤənts hæv tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd wət tɪ du teɪk ˈkəvər, liv ðə ˈɛriə ər juz fɔrs. sɪns 2010 baɪ ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz kaʊnt, ˈɔfɪsərz hæv bɪn əˈsɔltɪd wɪθ rɑks taɪmz. ðeɪ hæv rɪˈspɑndɪd wɪθ ˈdɛdli fɔrs 43 taɪmz, ˈkɔzɪŋ 10 dɛθs. wən əv ðə dɛd wɑz ˌhoʊˈzeɪ ænˈtoʊnioʊ ˌɛˈleɪnɑ. ðə haɪ skul ˈstudənt wɑz ʃɑt ənd kɪld ɔn ə ˈsaɪdˌwɔk ɪn noʊˈgɑlɛs, səˈnɔrə baɪ ə ˈbɔrdər ˈɔfɪsər ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər əv 2012 ðə 911 ˈkɔlər dɪˈskraɪbz ən ˈɔfɪsər ˈʃutɪŋ frəm ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə saɪd ˈɪntu ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ. ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd mæn 1 (ˈspænɪʃ ˈspoʊkən) ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈwʊmən 2 (ˈspænɪʃ ˈspoʊkən) ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd mæn 1 (ˈspænɪʃ ˈspoʊkən) bərˈnɛt: ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənts wər rɪˈpɔrtədli biɪŋ ˈpɛltɪd wɪθ rɑks wɪn æt list wən əv ðɛm faɪərd θru ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl fɛns ənd strək ˌhoʊˈzeɪ ænˈtoʊnioʊ, hu, ˈwɪtnəsɪz seɪ, wɑz nɑt θroʊɪŋ rɑks ənd wɑz nɑt ɑrmd. ðə ˈmɛksəkən ˈɔˌtɑpsi rɪˈpɔrt dɪˈskraɪbz 10 ˈbʊlət wundz sɪks əv ðɛm ɪn hɪz bæk. θru ə trænzˈleɪtər ɪz hɪz ˈgrændˌməðər, ˌɛˈleɪnɑ. ɑˈleɪnə: (θru trænzˈleɪtər) bɪˈkəz ˌhoʊˈzeɪ ænˈtoʊnioʊ dɪd nɑt dɪˈzərv tɪ daɪ ɪn səʧ ə kruəl weɪ. hi wɑz ə gʊd bɔɪ. hi hæd drimz. hi hæd hoʊps, ənd hi wɑz ˈweɪtɪŋ tɪ tərn 18 soʊ ðət hi kʊd ʤɔɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri. soʊ, wət aɪ wɔnt, wət aɪ hoʊp, ɪz fər ˈʤəstɪs: ˈʤəstɪs fər ˌhoʊˈzeɪ ænˈtoʊnioʊ, ənd fər ðoʊz hu ər ˈgɪlti əv ˈʃɛdɪŋ hɪz bləd. bərˈnɛt: ɛz əv təˈdeɪ, 17 mənθs ˈleɪtər, ðɛr həz bɪn noʊ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn hu ðə ˈeɪʤənt ɪz, wət ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈækʃən wɑz ˈteɪkən ər ðə ˈstætəs əv ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə dɛθ əv ˌhoʊˈzeɪ ænˈtoʊnioʊ ˌɛˈleɪnɑ. ʤɑn bərˈnɛt, ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr nuz. ˈɪnzˌkip: wi ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ˈbɔrdər pəˈtroʊl ʧif ˈmaɪkəl ˈfɪʃər tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz juz əv fɔrs, ənd wi ər ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ ˈskɛʤʊl ðət ˈɪntərvˌju. ðɪs ɪz ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr nuz. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2014 ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr. ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd. ˈvɪzɪt ɑr ˈwɛbˌsaɪt tərmz əv juz ənd pərˈmɪʃənz ˈpeɪʤɪz æt fər ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr ˈtrænˌskrɪpts ər kriˈeɪtɪd ɔn ə rəʃ ˈdɛˌdlaɪn baɪ verb8tm*, ɪŋk., ən ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr ˈkɑnˌtræktər, ənd prəˈdust ˈjuzɪŋ ə prəˈpraɪəˌtɛri ˌtrænˈskrɪpʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs dɪˈvɛləpt wɪθ ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr. ðɪs tɛkst meɪ nɑt bi ɪn ɪts ˈfaɪnəl fɔrm ənd meɪ bi ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ər rɪˈvaɪzd ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. ˈækjərəsi ənd əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti meɪ ˈvɛri. ðə əˈθɔrəˌteɪtɪv ˈrɛkərd əv ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ɪz ðə ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈrɛkərd. |
good grief.
help me.
help me now.
this was delicious.
good steaks do not need sauce. but every bit as delicious with a good sauce as they are on their own. and as much steak as we eat in our household, i like to change things up. this sauce is actually almost a “side and delicious.
you’ll absolutely love it.
grab a large onion. very large.
cut it in half from root to tip…
then peel off the outer layer and make relatively thick slices. not huge, but definitely not thin.
melt stick (4 tablespoons) butter in a heavy skillet over high heat.
when all melted…
throw in the sliced onions.
stir them around, then let them sit and cook over high heat. stir them only occasionally; we want them to get nice and brownish/black.
meanwhile, grab a thickness you like.
heat up the grill outside, or be lazy like me and heat up a grill pan. add lots of butter so get brown.
since the sauce is so flavorful, all we need to do with the meat is season it with salt and pepper.
throw it diagonally on the grill pan, and season the other side. watch the steak and turn it as it cooks to get the nice grill marks.
while the steak cooks, go ahead and make the (very easy) sauce.
turn the skillet with the onions down to low heat…
then pour in to 1 cup heavy cream.
ask for forgiveness while at it.
you’re gonna need it. this is a crime.
heat it all up…
and stir it gently as it cooks. slowly the white cream will take on the color of the caramelized onions and your soul will sing.
you want to cook it for 3 to 5 minutes, or until the sauce thickens and reduces by about half. if it gets too thick (it shouldn’t), you can splash in a little beef broth.
ahhh. perfect.
but about to go one better. dump in cup crumbled blue cheese.
please do this, even if you think you like blue cheese. please? blue cheese? please?
now stir it around while the cheese melts and makes the sauce even more creamy than it was before.
oh my gosh. oh my…my…gosh.
to serve, make a nice, generous bed of sauce on a large plate.
this dish is for, shall we say, hearty appetites.
then place the steak, which is now grilled (medium rare) to perfection, right on top!
press down slightly to get the sauce to spread to the edges of the steak.
i want my mommy.
i want my mommy now.
can i tell you something? this was so good, i almost cried. the medium rare steak was good enough…
but the sauce was absolutely sublime.
make this for your sweetie or best friend this weekend!
they’ll love you even more than they already do. | gʊd grif. hɛlp mi. hɛlp mi naʊ. ðɪs wɑz dɪˈlɪʃəs. gʊd steɪks du nɑt nid sɔs. bət ˈɛvəri bɪt ɛz dɪˈlɪʃəs wɪθ ə gʊd sɔs ɛz ðeɪ ər ɔn ðɛr oʊn. ənd ɛz məʧ steɪk ɛz wi it ɪn ɑr ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld, aɪ laɪk tɪ ʧeɪnʤ θɪŋz əp. ðɪs sɔs ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə ənd dɪˈlɪʃəs. ˌæbsəˈlutli ləv ɪt. græb ə lɑrʤ ˈənjən. ˈvɛri lɑrʤ. kət ɪt ɪn hæf frəm rut tɪ tip…*… ðɛn pil ɔf ðə ˈaʊtər leɪər ənd meɪk ˈrɛlətɪvli θɪk sˈlaɪsɪz. nɑt juʤ, bət ˈdɛfənətli nɑt θɪn. mɛlt stɪk 4 ˈteɪbəlˌspunz) ˈbətər ɪn ə ˈhɛvi ˈskɪlət ˈoʊvər haɪ hit. wɪn ɔl melted…*… θroʊ ɪn ðə slaɪst ˈənjənz. stər ðɛm əraʊnd, ðɛn lɛt ðɛm sɪt ənd kʊk ˈoʊvər haɪ hit. stər ðɛm ˈoʊnli ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli; wi wɔnt ðɛm tɪ gɪt nis ənd brownish/black*. ˈminˌwaɪl, græb ə ˈθɪknəs ju laɪk. hit əp ðə grɪl ˈaʊtˈsaɪd, ər bi ˈleɪzi laɪk mi ənd hit əp ə grɪl pæn. æd lɑts əv ˈbətər soʊ gɪt braʊn. sɪns ðə sɔs ɪz soʊ ˈfleɪvərfəl, ɔl wi nid tɪ du wɪθ ðə mit ɪz ˈsizən ɪt wɪθ sɔlt ənd ˈpɛpər. θroʊ ɪt daɪˈægənəli ɔn ðə grɪl pæn, ənd ˈsizən ðə ˈəðər saɪd. wɔʧ ðə steɪk ənd tərn ɪt ɛz ɪt kʊks tɪ gɪt ðə nis grɪl mɑrks. waɪl ðə steɪk kʊks, goʊ əˈhɛd ənd meɪk ðə (ˈvɛri ˈizi) sɔs. tərn ðə ˈskɪlət wɪθ ðə ˈənjənz daʊn tɪ loʊ heat…*… ðɛn pɔr ɪn tɪ 1 kəp ˈhɛvi krim. æsk fər fərˈgɪvnəs waɪl æt ɪt. ˈgɑnə nid ɪt. ðɪs ɪz ə kraɪm. hit ɪt ɔl up…*… ənd stər ɪt ˈʤɛntli ɛz ɪt kʊks. sˈloʊli ðə waɪt krim wɪl teɪk ɔn ðə ˈkələr əv ðə ˈkɛrəməˌlaɪzd ˈənjənz ənd jʊr soʊl wɪl sɪŋ. ju wɔnt tɪ kʊk ɪt fər 3 tɪ 5 ˈmɪnəts, ər ənˈtɪl ðə sɔs ˈθɪkənz ənd rɪˈdusɪz baɪ əˈbaʊt hæf. ɪf ɪt gɪts tu θɪk (ɪt shouldn’t*), ju kən splæʃ ɪn ə ˈlɪtəl bif brɔθ. ahhh*. ˈpərˌfɪkt. bət əˈbaʊt tɪ goʊ wən ˈbɛtər. dəmp ɪn kəp ˈkrəmbəld blu ʧiz. pliz du ðɪs, ˈivɪn ɪf ju θɪŋk ju laɪk blu ʧiz. pliz? blu ʧiz? pliz? naʊ stər ɪt əraʊnd waɪl ðə ʧiz mɛlts ənd meɪks ðə sɔs ˈivɪn mɔr ˈkrimi ðən ɪt wɑz ˌbiˈfɔr. oʊ maɪ gɑʃ. oʊ my…my…gosh*. tɪ sərv, meɪk ə nis, ˈʤɛnərəs bɛd əv sɔs ɔn ə lɑrʤ pleɪt. ðɪs dɪʃ ɪz fər, ʃæl wi seɪ, ˈhɑrti ˈæpəˌtaɪts. ðɛn pleɪs ðə steɪk, wɪʧ ɪz naʊ grɪld (ˈmidiəm rɛr) tɪ pərˈfɛkʃən, raɪt ɔn tɔp! prɛs daʊn sˈlaɪtli tɪ gɪt ðə sɔs tɪ sprɛd tɪ ðə ˈɛʤɪz əv ðə steɪk. aɪ wɔnt maɪ ˈmɑmi. aɪ wɔnt maɪ ˈmɑmi naʊ. kən aɪ tɛl ju ˈsəmθɪŋ? ðɪs wɑz soʊ gʊd, aɪ ˈɔlˌmoʊst kraɪd. ðə ˈmidiəm rɛr steɪk wɑz gʊd enough…*… bət ðə sɔs wɑz ˌæbsəˈlutli səˈblaɪm. meɪk ðɪs fər jʊr sˈwiti ər bɛst frɛnd ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd! ləv ju ˈivɪn mɔr ðən ðeɪ ɔˈrɛdi du. |
history has not been kind to the legacy of william graham sumner. in his time (1840-1910), sumner was one of the most prestigious and widely read libertarian intellectuals in the united states. beyond his more technical academic work sumner also wrote passionately and in defense of laissez a wide range of social issues. his popular critique of protectionism, "theism which teaches that waste makes wealth" (1885) and his denunciation of imperialism in "the conquest of the united states by spain" (1898) are two of his most impressive polemical works. most sustained investigation of questions of economic policy and distributive justice appeared in a collection essays what social classes owe to each other (1883) which includes his most famous single essay "the forgotten man" (1884). unfortunately, intellectual legacy suffered essentially the same fate as that of his contemporary herbert spencer, and for much the same reason. from and respectability, ideas have descended into obscurity and disrepute. to the extent he is remembered at all today, it is mostly for his alleged "social darwinism." in this zwolinski, professor of philosophy at the university of san diego, examines the charge of social darwinism, and, more generally, the nature of views on redistribution and our responsibilities toward the poor and vulnerable, and concludes that the charge of social darwinism is mistaken as applied to sumner, who is a principled libertarian, not a social. moreover, he is a libertarian who took special pains to demonstrate the ways in which a regime of liberty is especially beneficial to society's most vulnerable members. matt is joined in the by phillip w. magness, a historian based in the washington, d.c. region, robert leroux, professor of sociology at the university of ottawa, fabio rojas, professor of sociology at indiana university, and david m. hart, the director of the online library of liberty project.
see the archive of "liberty matters".
"liberty matters" a forum for the discussion of matters pertaining to liberty
liberty matters no. 29: matt zwolinski, "william graham sumner liberty's forgotten man" (july 2017)
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the debate
lead essay: matt zwolinski, "william graham sumner liberty's forgotten man" [posted: july 3, 2017]
responses and critiques
the conversation
about the authors
matt zwolinski is a professor of philosophy at the university of san diego and affiliate professor of law. he is founder and director of center for ethics, economics, and public policy, of institute for law and philosophy, and a fellow at center on global justice. he is the author of nearly 30 articles focusing on various theoretical and applied aspects of exploitation, the editor of arguing about political philosophy (2nd edition, routledge, 2014) and of the politics, philosophy, and economics of exploitation (forthcoming with oxford in 2018). with john tomasi, he is the author of a brief history of, forthcoming with princeton university press in 2018.
phillip w. magness is a historian based in the washington, d.c. region. he specializes in the "long" century, with a dual emphasis upon slavery and the history of american capitalism. he is a leading expert on black colonization during the civil war era and its relationship with the african-american movement of the same period. his other works have explored the economic history of the united states including historical tariff policy, the federal income tax, and the relationship between taxation and wealth inequality. magness holds a phd from george mason university and a ba in political science from the university of st. thomas. he currently teaches at schar school of public policy.
robert leroux is a professor of sociology at the university of ottawa. he is interested by epistemology, the history of social science, and liberal thought. recent publications include political economy and liberalism in france: the contributions of (london and new york: routledge, 2011) and french liberalism in the century: an anthology (london and new york: routledge, 2011) which he with david hart. the french version of his book on won the prix charles dupin awarded by the des sciences morales et of paris in 2008.
fabio rojas is professor of sociology at indiana university. he studies organizational behavior in political, economic, and educational settings. he is the author of theory for the working sociologist (2017, columbia university press), from black power to black studies: how a radical social movement became an academic discipline (2007, the johns hopkins university press) and co-author, with michael t. heaney of party in the street: the antiwar movement and the democratic party after (2015, cambridge university press). he was a robert wood johnson scholar in health policy research and received the 2016 leon d. epstein award from the american political science association for an outstanding book in the study of political organizations and parties.
david m. hart is the director of liberty fund's online library of liberty project and the academic editor of liberty fund's six volume translation of the collected works of and the editor gustave de conversations on saint lazarus street (1849). recent works include with robert leroux two anthologies of century french classical liberal thought: french liberalism in the century: an anthology (london and new york: routledge, 2011) and in french, d'or du français. anthologie. (the golden age of french liberalism) (ellipses, forthcoming). he has participated in other liberty matters discussions, writing the lead essay for a discussion on "the spread of (classical) liberal ideas" (march 2015) and "classical liberalism and the problem of class" (nov. 2016).
additional reading
lead essay: matt zwolinski, "william graham sumner liberty's forgotten man" [posted: july 3,
introduction
history has not been kind to the legacy of william graham sumner. in his time (1840-1910), sumner was one of the most prestigious and widely read libertarian intellectuals in the united states. a professor of political and social science at yale, sumner was one of the founding figures in the academic discipline of sociology. and his most famous and enduring work, folkways (1906), is still regarded as an important sociological exploration of cultural norms and institutions that, along the way, develops important insights into the theory of spontaneous order. beyond his more technical academic work, however, sumner also wrote passionately and in defense of laissez a wide range of social issues. his popular critique of protectionism, "theism which teaches that waste makes wealth" (1885) and his denunciation of imperialism in "the conquest of the united states by spain" (1898) are two of his most impressive polemical works. in 1883 he published a series of 11 short essays on the relations between workers and employers in harper's weekly. these essays were later as what social classes owe to each other (1883), a book that represents most sustained investigation of questions of economic policy and distributive justice. two of the essays in that book were later combined and expanded upon to form what is no doubt most famous single essay "the forgotten man" (1884).
unfortunately, intellectual legacy suffered essentially the same fate as that of his contemporary herbert spencer, and for much the same reason. from and respectability, ideas have descended into obscurity and disrepute. to the extent he is remembered at all today, it is mostly for his alleged "social darwinism." that charge against sumner (and spencer) was made famous by richard in his 1944 book, social darwinism in american thought, the influence of which on academic and popular understandings of sumner (and spencer) can hardly be overstated.
in this essay i will examine the charge of social darwinism, and, more generally, the nature of views on redistribution and our responsibilities toward the poor and vulnerable. i will argue that the charge of social darwinism, to the extent that it is coherent at all, is mistaken as applied to sumner. sumner is a principled libertarian, not a social. moreover, he is a libertarian who took special pains to demonstrate the ways in which a regime of liberty is especially beneficial to society's most vulnerable members. surprising as it may seem, i will argue, we can find in the writings of sumner the core ideas of a libertarian theory of social justice.
social darwinism
if the charge of social darwinism is difficult to decisively refute, this is only because it is difficult to assign any precise (and therefore falsifiable) meaning at all to the phrase. from its beginning, "social darwinism" was a phrase people used almost exclusively to describe ideas with which they disagreed. in fact, the expression of disagreement often appears to be the only fixed element of the meaning. different people at different times disliked and disagreed with different things, and thus "social darwinism" came at times to be a shorthand way of referring to ideas as various as racism, militarism, support of eugenics, indifference to the plight of the poor, an excessively biological view of humanity, or support of laissez faire.
for and other critics of spencer and sumner, however, the core ideas of social darwinism seem to be that human society is marked by the same sort of "struggle for existence" that characterizes the animal world, and that the victors of this struggle emerge according to the rule of "survival of the fittest." economic competition is one aspect of this struggle, and so a policy of strict laissez necessary to ensure the fitness of the individuals who constitute society. interference with laissez the form of, say, charitable giving to the weak, would retard the evolutionary pressures leading to greater and greater fitness, and must therefore be opposed. economic success is an indisputable indicator of virtue and fitness, and economic failure is a telltale sign of vice and unfitness. that which has might, is necessarily right, and that which is weak may be trodden upon with impunity.
with respect to herbert spencer, the charge of social darwinism has been addressed, and refuted (again and again and again - by george h. smith, thomas c. leonard, and me). but does the charge fare any better when applied to sumner?
the first problem with this criticism hinges on the correct understanding of key evolutionary terms in thought, such as "the struggle for existence" and "the survival of the fittest." there is a natural temptation sometimes bolstered by own phrasing to read these phrases as expressing a normative goal, as though the survival of the fittest was something that we should strive to achieve and arrange our social institutions to facilitate. but this is not how sumner understood the idea. "fitness," for sumner, was not a normative evaluation but a descriptive claim. to be "fit" is not necessarily to be "better" or "more virtuous" than one who is unfit. all that fitness means, in the evolutionary sense, is adaptation to environment. thus, in "colorful" words, "rattlesnakes may survive where horses perish or highly cultivated white men may die where flourish." the fact that a rattlesnake will outlive a horse in a desert doesn't make the rattlesnake morally better than the horse. it just means that the rattlesnake is better adapted to surviving in the desert. that is all.
thus, the survival of the fittest is a constraint within which men and laws must operate, not a goal to be pursued. and it is an inescapable constraint. we could not avoid it if we wanted to. so it is not as though there is anything particularly about capitalism, as opposed to other forms of social organization. switching from a capitalist economy to a socialist one would not render evolutionary pressures defunct. it would only alter the context in which they operate and the effects they produce.
the real misery of mankind is the struggle for existence; why not "declare" that there ought not to be any struggle for existence, and that there shall not be any more? let it be decreed that existence is a natural right, and let it be secured in that way. if we attempt to execute this plan, it is plain that we shall not abolish the struggle for existence; we shall only bring it about that some men must fight that struggle for others. ("some natural rights")
but there is a second and even more significant problem with the charge of social darwinism as applied to sumner: it is the very essence of the system of laissez faire he championed to prohibit the violence and plunder that characterize the darwinian "law of the jungle." for sumner, as for his contemporaries herbert spencer and gustave de molinari, the peaceful economic competition that exists within industrial society is an evolutionary advance from earlier forms of more violent competition. as culture and commerce advance, they tend to ameliorate the effects of the struggle for existence, even going so far as to replace it with a more benign process that sumner referred to as "the competition of life." that latter process replaces the zero-sum conflict of violence with what spencer referred to as "antagonistic cooperation," a process distinguished by its cooperation and mutually beneficial exchange.
nowhere is distinction between these two forms of competition clearer than in his condemnation of militarism, a force that he charged with "combating the grand efforts of science and art to ameliorate the struggle for existence." war, sumner made clear, "is not to be relied to finish the work of selection between states." in some cases it is true that war "destroys social rubbish." but in others "it destroys things which are societally, politically, and ethically good. it belongs to primitive and natural evolution," not to society in its civilized state.
particularly abhorrent to sumner was militant imperialism and colonialism, in which supposedly "superior" cultures would set themselves up to rule by force over "inferior" ones. contempt for such policy led him to produce one of his most powerful essays, "the conquest of the united states by spain," in which he argued that america was losing the war by sacrificing its principles and traditions of liberty and taking on those of spanish imperialism. in particular, sumner recoiled at the imperialist rejection of the basic moral equality of persons, an equality that sumner saw as sometimes stretched too broadly by those who sought to extend it into economic equality, but which nevertheless in its core meaning was central to the vision of liberty for which he stood and which extends protection to all persons, regardless of their race or nationality.
sumner's critique of redistribution
of course, as a libertarian, sumner did oppose most forms of aid to the poor, especially income redistribution. for many, this is sufficient to demonstrate his social darwinism. after all, if redistributive policies are necessary for the poor to survive the competition of capitalism, what other reason could one have for opposing those policies but an indifference (if not outright hostility) to their plight?
throughout his writings, sumner develops two important arguments against redistribution, neither of which involves hostility to the poor. the first is that states with the power to redistribute wealth from one class to another, sumner thought, will more often use it to redistribute from poor to rich than progressively from rich to poor.
this kind of regressive redistribution rarely takes the obvious form of direct transfers of wealth. rather, sumner thought, it manifests itself in the phenomena of "jobbery" and "plutocracy." "jobbery," or what we would now call "rent-seeking," sumner defined as "the constantly apparent effort to win wealth, not by honest and independent production, but by some sort of a scheme for extorting other people's product from them." as examples of jobbery, sumner condemned various programs of public works, subsidies to miners and farmers, and most especially the protective tariff, a device that he memorably described as "delivering every man over to be plundered by his neighbor and ... teaching him to believe that it is a good thing for him and his country because he may take his turn at plundering the rest."
when politics has the power to control individuals' wealth, sumner thought, this creates a powerful incentive for those with wealth to use it to control politics. this leads to a system of "plutocracy," which sumner described as "the most sordid and debasing form of political energy known to us." echoing albert jay our enemy the state (1935) and earlier theories of class, sumner argued that excessive state power leads people to divert their attention from the economic means of production to the political means from production to exploitation.
sumner's second argument against redistribution finds its clearest expression in the central argument of his essay, "the forgotten man." every piece of "social legislation," sumner wrote, begins with some person a observing some problem from which another person x appears to be suffering.
a talks it over with b, and a and b then propose to get a law passed to remedy the evil and help x. their law always proposes to determine what c shall do for x or, in the better case, what a, b and c shall do for x.
and who is c?
i call him the forgotten man. perhaps the appellation is not strictly correct. he is the man who never is thought of. he is the victim of the reformer, social speculator and philanthropist, and i hope to show you before i get through that he deserves your notice both for his character and for the many burdens which are laid upon him.
unlike the poor and the weak whose suffering is visible and obvious (as in "what is seen"), the forgotten man who spends his time "in patient industry, supporting his family, paying his taxes, casting his vote, supporting the church and the school, reading his newspaper" and generally minding his own business is easy to overlook. and thus we overlook the fact that "whatever capital you divert to the support of a shiftless and person is so much diverted from some other employment, and that means from somebody else." in other words, "society" can only devote resources to the relief of x by taking them away from c. similarly, the law cannot eliminate altogether harmful consequences of x's imprudent behavior; it can only shift those consequences, out of sight, onto somebody else's back.
part of point in this essay is to direct our attention to the unintended costs of redistribution. but the tale of the forgotten man is not merely a cautionary story about the unintended consequences of redistribution; it is a moral plea based on the ideas of justice and reciprocity. after all, it is "the forgotten man and the forgotten woman [who] are the very life and substance of society." they are the ones who work to support themselves and their families, who pay their taxes, and who engage in the productive labor on which the maintenance and growth of society depend. why, sumner asks, should people such as this, who already faithfully bear the burdens for which they are properly responsible, be further burdened "with the cost of public beneficence, with the support of all the loafers, with the loss of all the economic quackery" and with the cost of pervasive jobbery?
if it is the forgotten man and woman on whom the health and future of our society depends, then should not society help, rather than hinder them, in their productive efforts? if x is capable of supporting himself but chooses not to, is it not unfair indeed, exploitative to use the coercive power of law to allow x to live at c's expense?
what social classes owe to each other
it is not for nothing that sumner earned the nickname "bluff billy." his essay on the forgotten man can easily be read as dismissive of the problems faced by the poor and the weak. and elsewhere in his writings, sumner can appear to be even less sympathetic. "vice," sumner once wrote, is in the natural order of things, "its own curse."
if we let nature alone, she cures vice by the most frightful penalties. it may shock you to hear me say it, but when you get over the shock, it will do you good to think of it: a drunkard in the gutter is just where he ought to be. nature is working away at him to get him out of the way, just as she sets up her processes of dissolution to remove whatever is a failure in its line. gambling and less vices all cure themselves by the ruin and dissolution of their victims. of our measures for preventing vice are really protective towards it, because they ward off the penalty.
passages like this seem to suggest that sumner saw the suffering of the poor as a positive good, and efforts to relieve it as fundamentally misguided. and this, in turn, suggests that sumner, and perhaps others who share his libertarian sympathies, must clearly be lacking in compassion for the plight of the poor.
there are, however, at least two reasons that we should resist this conclusion. first, main point in this passage is (like many of the more damning passages from herbert spencer), essentially a point about moral hazard and thus not so much an argument against helping the poor as such as it is an argument against ineffective help to the poor. the idea is that sometimes, protecting people from the consequences of bad decisions inadvertently encourages them to make more bad decisions in the future and thus that efforts to relieve suffering in the short-term can lead to even more suffering in the long-term. to take this fact into account in deciding when, whom, and how to help is no sign of callousness; indeed, to not take it into account would be irresponsible.
second, writings (much like those of contemporary luck egalitarians) reflect what he saw to be an important moral difference between suffering that is due to chance and suffering that is due to choice. those who suffer because of their own bad choices, sumner thought, have no claim of justice on others for relief. but things are different in the case of those who suffer through no fault of their own.
when our fellow men do the best they can and nevertheless suffer because of bad luck, sumner thinks, we have a moral (if limited and not legally enforceable) obligation to come to their aid. indeed, in the final chapter of what social classes owe to each other, titled, we should love one another," sumner goes even further and claims surprisingly! that this obligation sometimes extends even to individuals who suffer because of their own bad choices.
we may as coolly and correctly as we choose about our duties and about the laws of right living; no one of us lives up to what he knows. the man struck by the falling tree has, perhaps, been careless. we are all careless. as we are by risks and perils, which befall us as misfortunes, no man of us is in a position to say, "i know all the laws, and am sure to obey them all; therefore i shall never need aid and sympathy." at the very best, one of us fails in one way and another in another, if we do not fail altogether. therefore the man under the tree is the one of us who for the moment is smitten. it may be you tomorrow, and i next day. it is the common frailty in the midst of a common peril which gives us a kind of solidarity of interest to rescue the one for whom the chances of life have turned out badly just now. probably the victim is to blame. he almost always is so. a lecture to that effect in the crisis of his peril would be out of place, because it would not fit the need of the moment; but it would be very much in place at another time, when the need was to avert the repetition of such an accident to somebody else. men, therefore, owe to men, in the chances and perils of this life, aid and sympathy, on account of the common participation in human frailty and folly.
sumner goes on to say that this obligation is based in a "law of sympathy" that cannot be made the basis of any "mechanical and impersonal schemes," thus relegating it to the realm of private virtue rather than public law.
but a handout is not really what the poor need from the state anyway, on view. what the poor need especially the prudent and industrious poor is for the state to get its foot off their necks. what the poor need is liberty. and those of us who are in a position to demand it on their behalf have an obligation to do so. taxes, regulations, and restrictions upon the poor, in words,
represent the bitterest and social injustice. every honest citizen of a free state owes it to himself, to the community, and especially to those who are at once weak and wronged, to go to their assistance and to help redress their wrongs. whenever a law or social arrangement acts so as to injure any one, and that one the humblest, then there is a duty on those who are stronger, or who know better, to demand and fight for redress and correction. when generalized this means that it is the duty of (that is, the state) to establish justice for all, from the least to the greatest, and in all matters.
this is a vision of social justice or, at least, the minimum requirements of social justice on which all of us should be able to agree.
end notes
zwolinski, matt, "social darwinism and social justice: herbert spencer on our duties to the poor" (april 13, 2015). in camilla boisen and matthew murray, eds., distributive justice debates in social and political thought: perspectives on finding a fair share (routledge, 2015). available at>.
richard, social darwinism in american thought, with a new introduction by eric foner (boston: beacon press, 1992). the influence of's work has been noted by virtually all historians of "social darwinism," such as donald bellomy, "social darwinism, revisited," in perspectives in american history n.s. 1 (1984):) and thomas leonard, "origins of the myth of social darwinism: the ambiguous legacy of richard's social darwinism in american thought," journal of economic behavior & organization 71, no. 1 (2009):). geoffrey analysis, which traces use of the term before and after the 1940s, reveals an explosion in the term's popularity following's work. see hodgson, "social darwinism in anglophone academic journals: a contribution to the history of the term," journal of historical sociology vol. 17, no. 4 (2004):, especially.
bellomy (1984) surveys the various and conflicting (but always pejorative) meanings that have been attached to the phrase. for the particularly troubling confusion between social darwinism as support for eugenics and social darwinism as support for laissez faire, see thomas c. leonard, "mistaking eugenics for social darwinism: why eugenics is missing from the history of american economics," history of political economy 37 (2005).
george h. smith, "will the real herbert spencer please stand up?" in atheism, ayn rand, and other (new york: prometheus books, 1991), pp.. originally published in the libertarian review (dec. 1978); thomas c. leonard, "origins of the myth of social darwinism: the ambiguous legacy of richard's social darwinism in american thought," journal of economic behavior & organization 71 (2009). online <http://www.princeton.edu/~tleonard/papers/myth.pdf>.; and zwolinski, matt, "social darwinism and social justice: herbert spencer on our duties to the poor" (april 13, 2015). in camilla boisen and matthew murray, eds., distributive justice debates in social and political thought: perspectives on finding a fair share (routledge, 2015). available at>.
william graham sumner, "the survival of the fittest," in on liberty, society, and politics: the essential writings of william graham sumner, ed. robert c. bannister (indianapolis, in: liberty fund, 1992),.
sumner, "some natural rights," in albert galloway keller, ed., and other essays (new haven, ct: yale university press, 1914),.
see for example, herbert spencer, political institutions, being part v of the principles of sociology (the concluding portion of vol. ii) (london: williams and norgate, 1882).>; and gustave de molinari, the society of tomorrow: a forecast of its political and economic organization, ed. hodgson pratt and frederic passy, trans. p.h. lee warner (new york: g.p. putnam's sons, 1904).>.
william graham sumner, "the conquest of the united states by spain," in albert galloway keller, ed., war and other essays (new haven, ct: yale university press, 1919),. quote>.
william graham sumner, "the applications of the notions of evolution and progress on the domain," william graham sumner collection, yale university library. cited in norman erik smith, "william graham sumner as an," the pacific sociological review, vol. 22, no. 3 (july, 1979):.
william graham sumner, "the forgotten man," in albert galloway keller, ed., the forgotten man and other essays (new haven, ct: yale university press, 1918), 246.
ibid., 246.
william graham sumner, "democracy and plutocracy," in william graham sumner, and other essays. ed. albert galloway keller (new haven: yale university press, 1913), p. 295.
albert jay nock, our enemy, the state (new york, w. morrow & company, 1935). online at>.
sumner, "the forgotten man," 234.
ibid., 235.
ibid., 247. on see what is seen and what is not seen (1850) and essay "on the value, as a sociological principle, of the rule to mind one's own business" in william graham sumner, what social classes owe to each other, (new york: harper and brothers, 1911). >.
ibid., 239.
ibid., 248.
ibid.,.
lippert-rasmussen, kasper, "justice and bad luck", the stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (summer 2014 edition), edward n. (ed.), = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2014/entries/justice-bad-luck/>.
william graham sumner, what social classes owe to each other (new york: harper & brothers publishers, 1883),.
ibid., 160.
ibid.,.
responses and critiques↩
1. fabio rojas, "william graham sumner and the eclipse of evolutionary theory" [posted: july 5,
like many intellectuals of his era, william graham sumner was a classical liberal who favored laissez faire and limited government. still, these intellectuals faced opposition, and classical liberalism was a controversial position. for example, biography at the website of the american sociological association (asa) notes that the president of yale college objected to use of herbert spencer's text in a class and sumner was forced to drop the book. later, sumner came out strongly against the war, which was a popular war at the time.
sumner has paid dearly for his defense of laissez faire. he was a former president of the asa and author of a seminal text of early american sociology, but sumner is now forgotten by all except for intellectual historians. even worse, when he is mentioned, it is an adherent of social darwinism, a discredited ideology. thus, we should welcome matt essay, which delves into an important, but now forgotten, figure of american social thought.
zwolinski's essay examines arguments against the welfare state and tries to save him from critics who call him a social. the essay raises a number of points that bear repeating and reinforcing. first, social darwinism is now employed as a vague intellectual slur. on this point, zwolinski correctly notes that the term is rarely defined and broadly overused. second, zwolinski points out that critics conflate two things: criticism of the welfare state and the belief that poor people are inferior. this is an important distinction because social thought is not anti-poor. rather, most classical liberals oppose social privileges, and they tend to think that the poor are helped by the market economy because it generates economic growth. third, zwolinski counters critics who think that evolutionary claims imply normative claims. merely saying that a social institution is "fit" is not an ethical evaluation, any more than saying an organism that survives is ethically superior to others.
zwolinski's defense of sumner is commendable. it is very common to find modern intellectual historians who blithely dismiss thinkers like sumner. the charge of darwinism is not unlike the modern accusation of "neoliberalism," another tag that is used to dismiss argument with vague and threatening terms. zwolinski is also to be commended for recovering critique of redistribution: such a policy has unintended consequences and problems.
in this response i'd like to delve into a few issues raised by essay. first, i want to explore in more detail the sort of social thought that thinkers like william graham sumner and herbert spencer were developing in the late century. second, i want to briefly discuss the landscape of sociology at the time to indicate the forces that were eroding the appeal of classical liberalism in intellectual life.
evolutionary social science born
sumner was most active in the late and early. his major work, folkways, was published in 1907 and reflects its era in two important ways. first, it presents society as a vast, decentralized structure. contrary to the view, sumner does not see society as ordered by a sovereign. nor does he adopt the approach that puts the bourgeoisie at the center of the system. he sees society as shaped by the forces of selection and adaptation. one of the innovative arguments of folkways is that state policies will only survive if they are compatible with local community norms. policies incompatible with local norms do not survive. of all insights, it is this that survives in modern sociology because it explains how bureaucratic agencies are shaped by the larger society.
the focus on society as an evolved order is consistent with spencer's and f. a. work. together, these authors were developing the idea that states can't arbitrarily intervene in society and that some sort of evolutionary process defines the social world. the expression is positivist, but the sentiment is burkean. thus, in the early, sociology and economics were perched on a same ledge. born of enlightenment discourse on the benefits of trade and viewing the market, and society more generally, as an ordered, but organic system, the american social sciences were ready to grow into something akin to ecology, a science emphasizing a holistic approach to communities.
evolutionary social science denied
as many readers know, the social science outlined by sumner and spencer soon fell away. now, both remain obscure in academic sociology. talcott parsons, the titan of sociology, famously started one of his books with: "who now reads spencer?" rhetorical question resonated with sociologists because it cleverly alluded to the rejection of and evolutionary thinking in the discipline.
the reasons for the demise of sumner and spencer in sociology are complex, and it would not be possible to fully explore them here. however, one might consult recent scholarship on the history of american social science for clues. consider the scholar denied, morris's study of the life and intellectual legacy of w.e.b. dubois. in recounting key moments from life, morris describes how dubois responded to spencer's sociology. at an early meeting of sociological researchers, dubois heard papers presented on spencer's theory and he found many problems. the main one was that the theory was too abstract, not grounded in everyday life, and not suited for social change. this was a fatal flaw because sociology for dubois and others should be used to study race relations and promote racial equality.
dubois's response to spencer and other of the day suggests a story of why evolutionary social science was rejected. most defended laissez faire, as spencer, sumner, and many others did. by temperament, many progressive intellectuals could not stomach a theory associated with intellectuals. furthermore, many intellectuals of the day did adopt views alleging racial differences, which dubois and others rejected.
but second, evolutionary social theory, as developed by this generation, did not offer any systematic standpoint for critiquing institutions. to fully understand this point, consider how evolutionary theory might have aligned with ethical and positive concerns. for dubois, the central problem in society is racial division. he famously wrote that the problem that the problem of the century is the problem of the color line. his social science was designed to measure and quantify black communities in an effort to undermine the narrative of black inferiority. the, like sumner, can only meet dubois halfway at best. on some key issues, dubois and sumner were in complete agreement. they were and anti-colonialists. maybe sumner and dubois might have agreed that states can be co-opted by racially motivated interests. there is little in work to suggest that he considered the issues raised by sumner, but as a socialist dubois might have appreciated how private interests could subvert public policy.
however, major differences emerge quickly. dubois would have argued that states should intervene to undermine the color line. also, he would have been a strong critic of private institutions that promoted black inferiority, like the media, which in his view demonized blacks. in contrast, an might be tempted to defend racist private institutions or to think that they merited relatively little attention.
to summarize, evolutionary theory is often viewed as a theory for the critique of states but not of private institutions. what dubois and other progressive sociologists seek is a way to analyze and mitigate social inequalities. even setting aside their ethical opposition to markets (e.g., dubois began his career as a marxist and ended his life an unrepentant stalinist), it is hard to see how theory would be broad or flexible enough to satisfy the needs of an activist social science.
this is not to say that thinking is absent from academic sociology -- far from it. urban sociologists consistently describe urban communities as decentralized but functional communities. amos hawley formalized this with his theory of human ecology. later, social network researchers began to measure communities as decentralized webs of interaction, which would have brought a smile to face. still, these ideas are not considered core elements of sociological thinking. rather, they appear in scholarship on specific topics such as urban studies or personal interactions.
conclusion
matt zwolinski has done a service by excavating thought and rescuing it from the lazy charge of social darwinism. sumner is revealed to be an interesting theorist. he has also helped the reader better understand that criticizing specific programs and identifying the incentives built into them is not the same as possessing prejudice against those who are less economically fortunate. still, even if we appreciate sumner in this light, we can ask why social science and evolutionary social science in general retreated from the spotlight of american intellectual life. part of the answer lies in the dispute over the morality of markets, and part lies in the limited ability of evolutionary theory to provide intellectual resources for activist scholars.
endnotes
american sociological association, "william graham sumner," no date. <http://www.asanet.org/about-asa/asa-story/asa-history/past-asa-officers/past-asa-presidents/william-g-sumner> .
"the conquest of the united states by spain" (1898) in william graham sumner, war and other essays, ed. albert galloway keller (new haven: yale university press, 1919).>. also available as a stand alone essay: the best of the no. 11: william graham sumner, "the conquest of the united states by spain" (1898) (indianapolis, in: liberty fund, 2013).>.
for an extended discussion of work as an example of evolutionary social science that focuses on decentralized order, see ellen frankel paul, "liberalism, unintended orders and." political studies (1988) 36:.
for example, sumner says that laws must emerge from the mores of society. "acts of legislation come out from mores." he also states that "legislation, however, has to seek the standing on the existing mores, and it soon becomes apparent that legislation, to be strong, must be consistent with the mores." william graham sumner, folkways: a study of the sociological importance of usages, manners, customs, mores, and morals (boston: ginn & company, 1907), 55.
talcott parsons, the structure of social action (new york: free press, 1983 [1937]), 3
aldon morris, the scholar denied: w.e.b. dubois and the birth of modern sociology. (oakland: university of california press. 2015), 25.
peter fryer, staying power: the history of black people in britain (london: pluto press, 1984), 285.
w.e.b. dubois, "black reconstruction and the racial wage," in social theory: the multicultural and classic readings, ed. charles (philadelphia: press, 2010),. dubois noted that in the south that "the newspapers specialized on news that flattered poor whites and almost utterly ignored the negro except in crime and ridicule." (244)
e.g., gerald suttles, the social order of the slum: ethnicity and territory in the inner city (chicago: university of chicago press, 1968).
amos hawley, human ecology: a theoretical essay (chicago: university of chicago press, 1986).
2. phillip w. magness, "finding social darwinism in the assault on laissez faire" [posted: july 6,
when discussed at all by historians, william graham name is usually attached to the concept of social darwinism. as matt zwolinski notes in his opening essay, this phrase is actually a poor of beliefs and directly chafes with his highly developed criticisms of injustices that come about through unscrupulous state actors. it has nonetheless proven a difficult designation for sumner, along with his english counterpart herbert spencer, to shake. we owe this situation in large part to the lasting influence of the progressive historian richard, and particularly his pairing of the concept with another cause that sumner actually did champion economics. in this sense, aversion to progressive meddling in the freedom of exchange, and particularly his arguments against state redistribution of resources, are said to foster a social rule of the "survival of the fittest."
although it is premised on an inaccurate depiction, this pairing seems to work intuitively. a devotee of economic nonintervention by the state might be assumed to allow darwinian principles of natural selection to determine the social fates of those left behind by the market, resisting any impulse to act so that "nature" may take its course. this view is at best a gross oversimplification if not misrepresentation, yet it is also representative of a common reading of sumner among historians. the inaccuracy of this is all the more troubling considering that sumner endeavored at length to correct it in his own time.
as sumner noted in an 1886 retort to socialist misuse of the term, is so far from meaning the unrestrained action of nature without any intelligent interference by man, that it really means the only rational application of human intelligence to the assistance of natural development." to illustrate this nuance, he enlisted the metaphor of cultivating a garden. one approach would be for the gardener to decide in advance "what he wants nature to give" and then proceed "by the method of trial and failure to try to make her come up to his ideal." the second approach most carefully from meddling with [nature] until he has observed her lines of independent action, because he knows that if he interferes sooner he will spoil the clearness and of the information which she will give him."
the first approach is a manual for killing the garden through haphazardly executed methods that evince no awareness of the garden's nature beyond a desire to control its form. the second entails learning how to best assist its growth after observing its nature. concept of laissez faire operated similarly, hence the definition he offered: means: do not meddle; wait and observe. do not regulate; study. do not give orders; be teachable. do not enter upon any rash experiments; be patient until you see how it will work out."
the juxtaposition of this version of laissez faire against its caricature reveals how far the concept has drifted from its origins, but it is also only half of the story. the of the term "social darwinism," as noted by zwolinski, has in part enabled this problematic use to persist. i would add that another consideration must be included in the corrective. historical critics of principle, far from fighting back against an uncaring "social darwinism" that left the poor and needy to the ravages of an unfettered market, were actually engaged in a socially darwinian project of their own, albeit of state design.
the intellectual fight against concept of laissez faire began in his own lifetime and persisted through the keynesian ascendency of the great depression. it was also a fight that drew, in no small part, upon negative eugenics and other types of state social engineering, the entire premise of which enlisted darwinian theory as a tool to identify, control, and eventually purge "undesirable" elements from human society.
hofstadter, to his credit, recognized this collectivist strain of darwinism in his work and contrasted it with the individualist iteration that he assigned to sumner, as recently documented by the historian thomas c. leonard. it has elicited comparatively little attention, though, in relation to the slur upon sumner, spencer, and other classical liberals. more so, with very few exceptions, historians have largely missed how intimately connected this collectivist social darwinian case was to the intellectual effort to cast aside principles from economic thought.
consider a 1936 reminiscence from richard t. ely, the leading progressive economist behind the founding of the american economic association. writing of his own emergence from graduate studies in the, ely placed himself in a struggle with "a group of older men [who] had almost a monopoly" on the economics profession. their ranks included "professor william graham sumner of yale, david a. wells, the amiable perry of williams college, and the belligerent simon newcomb of the naval observatory and of the johns hopkins university," as well as e.l. godkin, the editor of the nation magazine. as ely continued, "free trade and laissez faire were the principal features of their orthodoxy and orthodox was a great word in the early eighties in this country." he described his task in the founding of the as an explicit response to this line of thinking:
i would not want to deny them their of praise, but our new economic thought disturbed them and they considered us a menace to the welfare of the country. generally speaking, they had taken over the english classical economics in a rather extreme form and this placed them with those english economists called by the germans, the epigones.
in its place he proposed to take the profession in the direction of a new "science" one that enlisted the state as a great social corrective to the unfettered market. to this end, ely adopted a much greater tolerance for protectionism than position permitted. while sumner saw tariffs as a font of state redistribution from the poor to the politically privileged, ely and a number of his fellow progressives (simon n. patten in particular) perceived a tool for designing a national industrial policy. they extended similar principles to regulatory intervention, labor relations, and minimum or "living" wages, treating the state as a "scientific" tempering device to the competitive fluctuations of the free market. but above all, this "scientific" designer's retort to laissez faire carried deep undertones of socially managing "desirable" elements of race and heredity.
the product might legitimately be called socially darwinian in a more precise application of the term, but in relation to sumner and, with him, spencer, it also turned the intellectual case against intervention on its head. ely, patten, and a host of other progressive reformers like john r. commons and edward a. ross explicitly deployed eugenic social design as a "corrective" to what they saw to be the failings of the principle advanced by the older generation of economic thinkers and typified by sumner.
an appeal to the social survival of the fittest, tempered only by an extension of modest comforting charity, may be seen in this grating passage from 1903 book studies in the evolution of industrial society:
[i]t must be admitted that there remains what has been termed the human rubbish heap of the competitive system. there are those who are not able to live in its strenuous atmosphere. the sad fact, however, is not that of competition, but the existence of these feeble persons. the sadness consists in the hard facts of life of which competition takes cognizance. if the weakest are favored and their reproduction encouraged, we must have social degeneration. the recognition of these hard facts, with suitable action taken with reference to them, reduces the amount of human pain for the present and the future by public and private charity. the socially rejected must be cared for and given as happy an existence as possible, provided only that we do not encourage the increase of those who belong to this sad human rubbish-heap.
ely explicitly presented his argument in this book as an application of evolutionary theory to social conditions, fretting that "philanthropy and science keep alive men who would otherwise perish." from this spring flowed the policies of social control that typified brand of progressivism. he advocated immigration restrictions on "undesirable" persons, eugenic sterilization of the feeble, and even gave nods of approval to entry barriers upon the labor market. thus minimum wages could be used to exclude less "productive" races from the labor force, and child labor laws could be used to discourage breeding among the lower classes by stripping these families of a source of income.
other progressive critics of laissez faire enlisted similar lines of reasoning to espouse policies of hereditary design and social control. john r. commons, in a 1907 essay, contended that tropical climates had made african-americans "indolent and fickle." he continued with a chilling line of argument from this point: "therefore, if such races are to adopt that industrious life which is a second nature to races of the temperate zones, it is only through some form of compulsion."
leonard and a handful of other historians have recently begun to explore these and other progressive attachments to eugenic thought, and its implications for the placement of social darwinism in the realm of thought. i'd stress the point even further with regards to sumner though, as derived from his steadfast defense of laissez faire.
one thinker who has largely escaped criticism on the points that are now starting to find acknowledgment in the works of commons and ely is john maynard keynes. this omission is curious as keynes made explicit the tension between the older school and his own social applications of eugenic policies. such positions, keynes wrote in 1923, provoke distaste because they "modify the [sic] of nature, and bring the workings of a fundamental instinct under social control." he elaborated on this point three years later in his own famous essay, the end of, by calling upon governments to establish "a considered national policy" on population. once enacted, he continued, a time would likely come "when the community as a whole must pay attention to the innate quality as well as to the mere numbers of its future members."
one of the greatest ironies and intellectual tragedies of the social darwinian slur upon sumner is that it tends to treat eugenics, racial exclusion, immigration restrictions, and similar concepts as intellectual descendants of laissez faire. leonard and a handful of other scholars have tacked this myth, and highlighting of comparative enlightenment on several issues of policy his harsh criticisms of state predation by powerful elites, his commitment to remind us further of how far off base the conventional historiography has gotten. yet in probing this subject further, we find ample evidence that the charge against sumner is not simply erroneous it is an inversion of truth that assigns beliefs to sumner that are actually consistent representations of the strongest critics of his cause, laissez faire. clearly we still have much work to do.
endnotes
sumner, 1886,," in on liberty and politics: the essential essays of william graham sumner, indianapolis: liberty fund, pp.. available online at: <https://www.panarchy.org/sumner/laissezfaire.html>.
thomas c. leonard, "origins of the myth of social darwinism: the ambiguous legacy of richard's social darwinism in american thought," journal of economic behavior & organization 71 (2009) <https://www.princeton.edu/~tleonard/papers/myth.pdf>.
richard t. ely, "the founding and early history of the american economic association," the american economic review, vol. 26, no. 1, supplement, papers and proceedings of the annual meeting of the american economic association (mar., 1936),.>.
ely, richard t. studies in the evolution of industrial society. new york: macmillan, 1913, 163. <https://books.google.com>.
commons, john r. "racial composition of the american people," the chautauquan 39: 13. <https://books.google.com>.
keynes, j.m. "the end of," in essays in persuasion, new york: harcourt-brace, 1932, p. 292. <https://www.panarchy.org/keynes/laissezfaire.1926.html>.
"mistaking eugenics for social darwinism: why eugenics is missing from the history of american economics," thomas c. leonard papers, princeton university. <https://www.princeton.edu/~tleonard/papers/mistaking.pdf>.
3. david m. hart, "on overturning the charges levelled against professor w. g. sumner" [posted: july 17,
matt zwolinski is both witty and correct to call william graham sumner "liberty's forgotten man." both own considerable professional work as a sociologist, economist, and historian, and as an activist for free trade and the movement, as well as the ideas which lie behind one of his greatest essays, "the forgotten man" (and for the historical period, sumner includes "woman" as well), with its deep insights into the nature of class in america in the late century, have fallen into a seemingly inextricable orwellian memory hole. thus, in a way, both the man and a number of very important ideas have been not only "forgotten" but also tabooed. it has been task in this essay and others to rectify this situation and for that he should be congratulated.
in his lead essay to this discussion matt focuses on a number of charges of intellectual crimes which have brought against sumner by modern intellectuals and scholars, namely, the criminal charge of "social darwinism" (perhaps with "malice aforethought," aided and abetted by herbert spencer), of obstruction of justice for opposing state plans to redistribute wealth to the poor, and generally of being indifferent to, perhaps criminally negligent of, the fate of the weak, the poor, and the down and out. many decades ago he was convicted at the bar of academia and sentenced to perpetual ostracism from civilized intellectual discourse. one is hard put to find recent scholarship which takes him or his ideas seriously, even by historians of ideas who are often exempt from the general taboo on ideas simply because they are merely "chronicling" the past in order to better condemn it.
i won't elaborate here on matt's excellent resurrection of ideas which he dealt with in his opening essay, but i do want to add to the list of things "forgotten" to show how deeply forgotten sumner and his ideas have become and how difficult the overturning of his criminal conviction and the restoration of his reputation will be. perhaps the other participants in this debate will take up some of these and elaborate on them further. i would like to list under additional "crimes" his advocacy of hard money, his opposition to tariffs, his, and his theory of class analysis and exploitation. the latter is particularly galling for american intellectuals as many believe that (a) class does not exist in america or (b) class analysis is a marxist invention that classical liberals like sumner have no business in dealing with. let me begin with activity as an economist and economic historian.
(1) it is not properly appreciated how much sumner wrote on economic history and the important role he played in teaching economic theory to the students at yale university. his official position was professor of political and social science in yale college, but he was free to lecture on economic topics as well, which he thought was quite an appropriate thing to do as the narrow of knowledge into such fields as sociology, political theory, politics, and economic history was just beginning. he wrote a sizable amount on the history of currency and banking in the united states, where he showed himself to be a strong advocate of hard (i.e., gold backed) currency, as for example in a history of american currency (1884) and the volume on the united states in a history of banking in all the leading nations (1896). he seemed to be well aware that "inflation" of the money supply in the form of expanded paper credit and money had a connection with bank failures and the business cycle, which plagued america throughout the century, making him an "austrian" theorist in the modern sense. he also taught introductory courses on economic theory to his students at yale which showed wide reading in european economic thought (mainly french but also friedrich von wieser in a french translation, one of the pioneers of the school which emerged in the), as his class reading lists clearly show. he also listed in his course readings works by american followers of, such as as amasa walker. all of this work unfortunately has been forgotten or conveniently ignored for decades since advocates of economic policies are also anathema, along with "socials," often for similar reasons.
(2) sumner was also doubly damned even in his own time for being a strong advocate of free trade in an america, which from its founding, had been strongly protectionist, even in its trade policies. in the and groups had emerged in chicago and new york which and adapted for an american audience works by the frenchr and works by the club, which championed-inspired literature at a time when tariff wars began to erupt again in europe in the decades leading up to world war i. sumner wrote material very much in the style of the great, such as his criticism of protectionist "fallacies," or "sophisms," in his book protectionism (1888). activities extended beyond the lecture halls of yale as his talks and attendance at meetings clearly show. for example, at the annual dinner held by the new york free trade club held at restaurant in 1885, sumner gave one of the toasts where he declared, "free trade: the only true 'american system'" in direct opposition to over 100 years of american economic policy which had followed the protectionists and statist "american system" of alexander hamilton and henry clay, and codified by friedrich list in 1841.
as the century wore on, sumner continued to alienate himself from the mainstream of intellectual opinion by taking up a cause deeply related to free trade in the and sense of the term, namely, opposition to american imperialism. he vocally supported the league, which was founded in june 1898 to oppose the war against spain and included an impressive list of establishment politicians, academics, and authors such as charles francis adams, jr., jane addams, edward atkinson, ambrose bierce, andrew carnegie, samuel clemens (mark twain), grover cleveland, john dewey, edwin lawrence godkin, samuel gompers, william dean howells, henry james, william james, david starr jordan, carl schurz, and oswald garrison villard. that support cemented his position as an outsider to the prevailing intellectual atmosphere. i will return to this topic and his theory of class and exploitation in another post.
endnotes
i refer to a series on sumner which was published in <libertarianism.org> in 2013 which began this task of scholarly rehabilitation. see, matt zwolinski, "william graham sumner: part 1 and social darwinism" (july 15, 2013) https://www.libertarianism.org/blog/william-graham-sumner-part-1-laissez-faire-social-darwinism; "part rejection of social darwinism" (july 25, 2013) https://www.libertarianism.org/blog/william-graham-sumner-part-2-rejection-social-darwinism; "part 3 the forgotten man" (july 29, 2013) https://www.libertarianism.org/blog/william-graham-sumner-part-3-forgotten-man; "part 4 charity, liberty, and social justice" (august 5, 2013) https://www.libertarianism.org/blog/william-graham-sumner-part-4-charity-liberty-social-justice.
see for example, dom phd thesis on sumner, the political economy of william graham sumner: a study in the history of ideas (phd, university of connecticut, 1966); h.a. scott trask, "william graham sumner: monetary theorist." the quarterly journal of austrian economics 8, no. 2 (summer 2005):, and "william graham sumner: against democracy, plutocracy, and imperialism," the journal of libertarian studies, volume 18, no. 4 (fall 2004), pp.; and robert c. introduction to on liberty, society, and politics: the essential writings of william graham sumner, ed. robert c. bannister (indianapolis, in: liberty fund, 1992).
william graham sumner, a history of american currency, with chapters on the english bank restriction and austrian paper money, to which is appended "the bullion report" (new york: henry holt and company, 1884)..
william graham sumner, a history of banking in all the leading nations; comprising the united states; great britain; germany; austro-hungary; france; italy; belgium; spain; switzerland; portugal; roumania; russia; holland; the scandinavian nations; canada; china; japan; compiled by thirteen authors. edited by the editor of the journal of commerce and commercial bulletin. in four volumes. (new york: the journal of commerce and commercial bulletin, 1896). vol. 1: a history of banking in the united states..
in his reading list of books for his students, which he included in his textbook problems in political economy (new york: henry holt and company, 1885), he included works by michel chevalier, john elliott cairnes, the de (1852–53), jevons, leroy-beaulieu, macleod, marshall, j.s. mill, sidgwick, spencer, and walker, pp. vii-x.
friedrich list wrote the national system of political economy in 1841 but similar ideas had taken deep root in the united states under the influence of alexander hamilton. see friedrich list, the national system of political economy by friedrich list, trans. sampson s. lloyd, with an introduction by j. shield nicholson (london: longmans, green and co., 1909)..
william graham sumner, protectionism: the -ism which teaches that waste makes wealth (new york: henry holt and company, 1888)..
4. robert leroux, "when meets sociology: william graham sumner" [posted: july 17,
sumner is a stranger to us today. with the exception of a few scholars of the history of ideas, no one reads him anymore. but many of them think he was a social.
yet sociology of a liberal persuasion has been important in the history of ideas. not only did it propagate a resolutely "scientific" message concerning social phenomena, it also led frequently to liberal thought. hence the need felt by many authors to develop a vision of the world that would be consistent with the events and the issues of a time marked by singular upheaval.
for liberals, the central feature of their theoretical approach is its faith in human endeavor and in individual initiative. the new world that was taking shape before their eyes sparked mixed feelings, characterized both by bursts of enthusiasm and by gnawing concerns. they were not given to wild theorizing: they cast their ideas in context, they offered answers to the crises that often emerge in the world of science. here is the necessity to define a scientific approach to social phenomena.
sumner was not only the first american sociologist, but he was probably the first libertarian sociologist. the idea of liberty, as matt zwolinski reminds us in his very interesting essay, is at the center of his work. sumner does not believe in the idea of the struggle for life or class struggle. according to him, most sociologists are socialists and "they are frightened of liberty." in a key passage in his essay "sociology" (1881) he notes that the socialists confuse two different kinds of struggle and do not understand how liberty can ameliorate both of them:
we have noticed that the relations involved in the struggle for existence are twofold. there is first the struggle of individuals to win the means of subsistence from nature, and secondly there is the competition of man with man in the effort to win a limited supply. the radical error of the socialists and is that they never distinguish these two relations from each other. they bring forward complaints which are really to be made, if at all, against the author of the universe for the hardships which man has to endure in his struggle with nature. the complaints are addressed, however, to society; that is, to other men under the same hardships. the only social element, however, is the competition of life, and when society is blamed for the ills which belong to the human lot, it is only burdening those who have successfully contended with those ills with the further task of conquering the same ills over again for somebody else. hence liberty in all socialistic schemes, and the tendency of such schemes is to the deterioration of society by burdening the good members and relieving the bad ones.
taking the opposite point of view, sumner argued a decade before the french sociologist émile durkheim, that society or the modern industrial system is an example of "great social." as put it in his essay "on the reasons why man is not altogether a brute":
the modern industrial system is a great social. it is automatic and instinctive in its operation. the adjustments of the organs take place naturally. the parties are held together by impersonal and demand. they may never see each other; they may be separated by half the circumference of the globe. their in the social effort is combined and distributed again by financial machinery, and the rights and interests are measured and satisfied without any special treaty or convention at all. all this goes on so smoothly and naturally that we forget to notice it. we think that it costs itself, as it were. the truth is, that this great co-operative effort is one of the great products of of its costliest products and highest refinements, because here, more than anywhere else, intelligence comes in, but intelligence so clear and correct that it does not need expression.
the vision of society that dominated thinking was the product of a culture shaped by the natural sciences. his sociology is both an empirical and a theoretical discipline. approach reflects not only a research strategy, but also a lively interest in observing empirical facts, something we hardly find with auguste. but sumner shares with the idea that sociology must become a science. he writes:
the need for a science of life in society is urgent, and it is increasing every year. it is a fact which is generally overlooked that the great advance in the sciences and the arts which has taken place during the last century is producing social consequences and giving rise to social problems.
in this way, sumner is able to discern sociological laws that are not linear but are, to the contrary, marked by of all kinds.
the writings of herbert spencer certainly had a considerable influence on him. sumner, who played a decisive role in disseminating the ideas of spencer in the united states, laid the markers for an approach to economics that suited the scientific dogma of the time. while he admired spencer's we must insist that he was far from being a slavish disciple.
influenced by "scientism" or "positivism", sumner was particularly productive in the late century; it was during this period that his work took on its definitive shape. in 1906, sumner published his most important book, folways, dealing with morality in relation to liberty. he sets out to explain the roots of the idea of liberty and social relationships. in this way they made a fundamental contribution to the development of sociology a point often overlooked they also participated in the development of the social sciences of the time. the turn of the century saw the overthrow of what had been considered certainties. for sumner, morality had to be recast, and the relationship between man and society according to the criteria of the emerging social sciences. the pace of time was accelerating and chaos was taking hold. liberal thinkers, like sumner, took note of this and they too sought to bring to light previously unsuspected human laws. they scrutinized liberty, they identified its origins, and they did battle against the obstacles that, as they saw it, were holding back its progress.
but curiously, sumner never quotes the other major figures of sociology of his time. he does not say a word about émile durkheim, gabriel tarde, georg or pareto. the reason why has both an academic and an ideological and political aspect which i cannot go into in this initial post but will keep for a later time.
endnotes
see william graham sumner, on liberty, society, and politics. the essential essays, ind., liberty fund, 1992. karl marx might be a good example. even today many sociologists (like pierre bourdieu) could be considered socialists. they do not want to explain the social world but they try to change it.
william graham sumner, "sociology" (1881) in war and other essays, ed. albert galloway keller (new haven: yale university press, 1919).>.
see émile durkheim, de la division du travail social, paris, alcan, 1893.
william graham sumner, what social classes owe to each other, (new york: harper and brothers, 1911).>.
william graham sumner, the forgotten man and other essays, new haven, yale university press, 1876, p. 401. also "the science of sociology" in william graham sumner, the forgotten man and other essays, ed. albert galloway keller (new haven: yale university press, 1918).>.
the conversation↩
1. matt zwolinski, "evolutionary arguments and laissez faire" [posted: july 17,
as fabio rojas and phil magness both note in their excellent essays, sumner grounded his theory of government on an evolutionary theory of society. our discussion so far has already highlighted the way in which this form of argument gave rise to the misleading charge of "social darwinism." in this essay, i want to raise a more substantive question about argument: to what extent does an evolutionary approach like actually support a policy of laissez faire?
the gist of argument is nicely illustrated in the gardening metaphor that phil magness quotes in his essay. just as it would be foolish for a gardener to try to impose an conceived ideal upon a garden without first acquiring a thorough understanding of the nature of the plants, soil, and other elements with which he was working, and the constraints that those natural phenomena impose upon his possibilities, so too it would be foolish for a statesman to impose a rigid set of rules upon society without understanding the ways in which the natural order of social processes constrain his ability to realize his vision. social order, like natural order, is an evolved phenomenon exhibiting a high degree of and complexity. and attempts to meddle with that order on the assumption that one knows more than one really does about how it works are doomed to fail.
arguments such as this are familiar within the tradition. the most obvious parallel, of course, is to be found in the work of friedrich hayek, whose writings on complexity and spontaneous order develop the line of reasoning in perhaps its most sophisticated form. but arguments of this form were also common in the writings of herbert spencer, who often employed them to warn reformers of the likely unintended consequences of their meddling. for spencer, each social phenomenon "is a link in an infinite series -- is the result of of preceding phenomena, and will have a share in producing of succeeding ones." because phenomena are interrelated, it is always the case that "in disturbing any natural chain of sequences, [legislators] are not only modifying the result next in succession, but all the future results into which this will enter as a part-cause." social legislation is like trying to straighten out a plate with a hammer attempts to flatten it here will only cause it to bend somewhere else. "what, then, shall we say about a society? 'do you think i am easier to be played on than a pipe?' asks hamlet. is humanity more readily straightened than an iron plate?"
indeed, arguments of this form are often found outside of the tradition as well. james c. scott's wonderful book, seeing like a state, opens with an account of the failures of scientific forestry in late prussia and saxony. in order to achieve maximum yield with minimum oversight, forest managers imposed a rigid, easily legible order on their trees.
the forest trees were drawn up into serried, uniform ranks, as it were, to be measured, counted off, felled, and replaced by a new rank and file of lookalike conscripts. as an army, it was designed from above to fulfill a unique purpose and to be at the disposition of a single commander. at the limit, the forest itself would not even have to be seen; it could be "read" accurately from the tables and maps in the office.
but the schematic vision of the foresters was too limited to understand the complexity of the forest ecosystem. vast forests of trees died off entirely as they failed to receive adequate nutrients from the soil and fell victim to pests and disease. "an exceptionally complex process involving soil building, nutrient uptake, and symbiotic relations among fungi, insects, mammals, and flora -- which were, and still are, not entirely understood -- was apparently disrupted, with serious consequences."
scott's book is much adored by classical liberals, despite the fact the he explicitly denies that it is "a case for unfettered market coordination as urged by friedrich hayek and milton friedman." but the fact that a relatively progressive liberal like scott can employ arguments of the same form as those employed by spencer, sumner, and hayek should give us pause. is scott simply failing to think through the logical implications of his position? or do evolutionary arguments simply not do much to make the case for laissez faire?
hayek himself seems to have been somewhat ambivalent on this point. in the road to, he famously (or infamously, depending on whom you ask) wrote that "nothing has done so much harm to the liberal cause as the wooden insistence of some liberals on certain rules of thumb, above all the principle of capitalism." elsewhere, however, he seemed to take a kinder attitude toward a certain woodenness, writing that "a successful defense of freedom must therefore be dogmatic and make no concessions to expediency…."
for sumner, laissez faire seems to have been a kind of rule of thumb, but nothing more.," he wrote, "is so far from meaning the unrestrained action of nature without any intelligent interference by man, that it really means the only rational application of human intelligence to the assistance of natural development." the principle is a maxim, a rule of art, that is useful as a corrective against mankind's natural tendency to over-legislate. but as a maxim, it is not absolute. it does not rule out state interference altogether. rather, it counsels us to be cautious in interfering -- to approach social problems with a sense of humility, rather than hubris.
arguments of this sort certainly seem to tell against proposals to centrally manage the entire economy, la state socialism. but how much more weight can contemporary classical liberals really place on them? do they counsel against state welfare programs? against regulations? socialized medicine?
the proponent of such legal interventions can grant that the economy is a complex system and that prudence is warranted. but the mere fact that there are problems associated with intervention hardly seems sufficient to demonstrate that the expected costs of intervention will always exceed the expected benefits. (this is a problem with arguments for laissez general.) we can be cautious; we can experiment on a small scale; and we can learn. scott's own story proves the point. prussian attempts at scientific forest management may have been a bungle, but we've gotten much, much better. is there some reason to think that the same sort of process isn't possible in the realm of state intervention in the economy?
endnotes
f.a. hayek, chapter 2 "the theory of complex phenomena" in studies in philosophy, politics and economics (london: routledge & paul, 1967), pp.. online at>. topic: spontaneous order>.
herbert spencer, "over-legislation" [first published in the westminster review for july 1853.] in herbert spencer, essays: scientific, political, and speculative. library edition, containing seven essays not before, and various other additions (london: williams and norgate, 1891). vol. 3.>.
hamlet says to guildenstern: "why, look you now, how unworthy a thing you make of me. you would play upon me; you would seem to know my stops; you would pluck out the heart of my mystery; you would sound me from my lowest note to the top of my compass; and there is much music, excellent voice, in this little organ, yet cannot you make it speak. 'sblood, do you think i am easier to be played on than a pipe? call me what instrument you will, though you can fret me, you cannot play upon me." "hamlet", act iii, sc. ii, the complete works of william shakespeare (the oxford shakespeare), ed. with a glossary by w.j. craig m.a. (oxford university press, 1916).>.
herbert spencer, the study of sociology (london: henry s. king, 1873).>.
james c. scott, seeing like a state, (new haven, ct: yale university press, 1999), p. 15.
ibid., p. 20.
ibid., p. 8.
hayek, the road to (chicago: university of chicago press, 2007), p. 71
hayek, law, legislation, and liberty, vol. 1 (new york: routledge, 1973), p. 61.
william graham sumner," (1886), in sumner, on liberty, society, and politics, ed. robert c. bannister (1992), p. 228.; also online at <https://www.panarchy.org/sumner/laissezfaire.html>.
2. fabio rojas, "the rivals of social science" [posted: july 19,
the social science of william graham sumner has generated a spirited discussion of the meaning of laissez faire at the turn of the century. sumner, and other intellectuals, viewed their science as a science of an organic and decentralized system. this has led others to categorize theories of spontaneous order as a rationalization of social domination dressed up in scholarly language. in my initial response to essay on sumner, which critiqued this point, i focused on why people often made this charge. i argued that association with arguments and a lack of an activist vision doomed sumner and the cohort of intellectuals.
phil essay takes on a related point. he investigates the social policies of the progressives who emerged in the wake of the demise of social theory. what he finds is that progressive social science of the early was often pitched as a direct reaction to thinkers like sumner and spencer. he finds that they viewed social science as a tool to tame the chaotic fluctuations of markets and that social science was associated, in some authors, with eugenic ideas.
in this response, i will briefly touch on how the demise of social science facilitated the rise of two rival traditions. one is social science, as exemplified by such scholars as w.e.b. dubois, who used new tools to help groups, such as american blacks. the features of social science were mentioned in my last response: the use of methods to study marginal groups and an attempt to give them agency in western historical narratives and to improve their material conditions and well-being.
the other tradition, discussed by magness, was embodied by the eugenics movement. they too saw that social science could be a tool for taming markets. but instead of trying to mitigate social inequality, they wanted to reinforce social inequality. there is difficulty in labeling this movement "regressive" because its practitioners are labeled "progressive." perhaps a satisfactory label would be "retrenchment social science." the hallmark of retrenchment social science is that it rejects theories of spontaneous order so that interventions against undesirable groups may be pursued. for the early-century progressives, that meant minorities and others undesirable populations. as magness notes, the intervention against specific groups tends to be found alongside attempts to bolster national greatness.
to summarize, the demise of social science did not result in the emergence of a single alternative. it resulted in at least two -- activist intellectuals like dubois and retrenching social scientists like richard t. ely and john r. commons. any student of classical liberalism should understand these two streams as important competitors to classical liberalism in the marketplace of ideas.
3. david m. hart, "remembering sumner the political economist. part 1: the poison of paper money" [posted july 19,
before sumner became a “sociologist” he was a biblical scholar and linguist, and then an economist. unfortunately, the full history of work as an economist, economic historian, and free trade activist has yet to be written. the importance political economy played in thought was understood by the early century editor of his works, albert galloway keller, who realised that sumner had a “dominant interest in political economy (which was) revealed in his teaching and writing, (his) doughty advocacy of “free trade and hard money,” and the relentless exposure of protectionism and of schemes of currency-debasement.” in this and the next post i will attempt to give a brief account of these two economic interests.
after graduating from yale in 1863, sumner studied languages, theology, and biblical history at the universities of geneva, göttingen, and oxford. he then returned to yale in september 1867 to teach greek before taking a position as rector of the church of the in morristown, nj. where he worked from september 1870 to september 1872. he returned to yale again but this time to teach in an entirely different field, that of “political and social sciences” of which he was a professor for the next 37 years (between 1872 and his retirement in 1909). what is interesting is that he thought political economy played a very important role in what he called “political science in its widest sense” and that given “the degraded state of american politics and public life” into which the country had fallen since the civil war, economic topics “now more especially demands our attention.” and this is what would occupy much of his time for the next 20 years. he summarized what would be almost his work in countering the “moral and social deterioration” of the nation which was caused by the “economical mistakes” of protective tariffs and paper money, mistakes which were only made worse by policies adopted during the civil war. sumner believed it was the task of the economist, in whose ranks he believed he stood, to point out these mistakes and the enormous economic waste they caused for ordinary people:
i affirm that the questions on which our national future depends are questions of political economy, questions of labor and capital, of finance and taxation. the fruits of the civil war did not cease when the armies disbanded. it left us with financial and industrial legacies whose fruits, as every student of political economy and social science knows, are slow in ripening; and they contain seeds of future and still more disastrous crops. no man can estimate these long following results. no man can tell what social, moral, and political transformations they may produce. there is no field of activity which now calls so urgently for the activity of honest and conscientious men as the enlightenment of the american public on the nature and inevitable results of the financial and industrial errors to which they are committed. the patriotism with which the american people submitted to the burdens of taxation and paper money, believing them to be necessary parts of the evil of the war, is deserving of the most enthusiastic admiration. it serves only to deepen the sadness with which the economist must declare the conviction that the paper money never was a necessity, never could in the nature of things be a necessity any more than it could be necessary for a physician to poison a patient in order to cure him of fever or for a man to become bankrupt to escape insolvency; and also this other conviction, not a matter of science but of history, that the necessity for taxation has been abused by the creation of a protective tariff which increases the burden which it pretends to carry. these two subjects, money and tariff, will be the subjects of my lectures during the present term.
sumner began his new academic career with a spurt of activity on the topic of paper money, writing a 109 page “history of paper money” in 1873 (unpublished), a 400 page “history of american currency” (published in 1874), along with several shorter pieces on money and currency issues in. many of the pieces he wrote during this period are detailed historical and technical discussions of particular government financial policies which were not written for popular audiences so a pithy statement of his views are hard to find. he does however quote a passage by webster very approvingly in a history of american currency which i believes sums up his own opinion of the harm caused by paper money:
a disordered currency is one of the greatest political evils. it undermines the virtues necessary for the support of the social system, and encourages propensities destructive to its happiness. it wars against industry, frugality, and economy, and it fosters the evil spirits of extravagance and speculation. of all the contrivances for cheating the laboring classes of mankind, none has been more than that which deludes them with paper money. this is the most of inventions to fertilize the rich field by the sweat of the poor brow. ordinary tyranny, oppression, excessive taxation, these bear lightly on the happiness of the mass of the community, compared with fraudulent currencies and the robberies committed by depreciated paper. our own history has recorded for our instruction enough, and more than enough, of the demoralizing tendency, the injustice, and the intolerable oppression on the virtuous and well disposed, of a degraded paper currency, authorized by law, or any way countenanced by government.
something similar can be found in the slightly later essay on “the forgotten man” (1883) where sumner argues that it is essential to protect his “earnings and savings” from the ravages of inflation and the depreciation of the currency:
hence, if you care for the forgotten man, you will be sure to be charged with not caring for the poor. whatever you do for any of the petted classes wastes capital. if you do anything for the forgotten man, you must secure him his earnings and savings, that is, you legislate for the security of capital and for its free employment; you must oppose paper money, wildcat banking and usury laws and you must maintain the of contracts. hence you must be prepared to be told that you favor the capitalist class, the enemy of the poor man.
the years from 1872 to 1876 was the first period of career as a political economist during which he focussed mainly on money and currency issues. in the spring of 1876 he would begin a second period which lasted 10 years during which he would turn his attention to the matter of tariff protection and free trade on which he would write many more accessible articles, books, and essays. this will be the topic of my next post.
endnotes
preface to william graham sumner, the forgotten man and other essays, ed. albert galloway keller (new haven: yale university press, 1918).>.
see his program for his courses in the “introductory lecture to courses in political and social science” (1873) in william graham sumner, the challenge of facts and other essays, ed. albert galloway keller (new haven: yale university press, 1914).>. keller notes in the note to the forgotten man and other essays> that he found in papers at yale pages of “lecture notes for classroom use” which he used in his course on political economy.
“introductory lecture to courses in political and social science”>.
william graham sumner, a history of american currency, with chapters on the english bank restriction and austrian paper money, to which is appended “the bullion report” (new york: henry holt and company, 1884).>.
sumner, a history of american currency#sumner_1231_167>.
sumner, “the forgotten man”>.
4. phillip magness, "william graham sumner as historian" [posted: july 23,
one interesting and salient feature of the discussion so far is the vast amount of evidence presented that his reputation has suffered unjustly in historical estimation. this is true of both the social darwinism slur that matt zwolinski noted in his opening essay, and in the larger pattern of neglect we have seen around distinctive humane dimensions: his harsh opposition to imperialism and war, his crusade against corruption and cronyism, and his contributions to a theory of class that sought to root out the beneficiaries of undue and unjust government privileges. a remarkable feature of poor reputation today is that some of its main culprits are historians, and particularly intellectual historians.
while's mischaracterizations of intellectual history have been pinpointed as a primary source of this problem, i wanted to raise a related dimension in noting that one of the many intellectual hats that sumner himself wore was that of intellectual historian. some of his works in the present day fell in this genre, although they once ranked among his most familiar contributions. as david hart's response above notes, writings on economic history served as an important vehicle for conveying economic logic as well. to this end he wrote substantial historical works on banking, on currency, and on the financial dimensions of the american revolution. he also took a historical approach to his favorite topic of free trade, publishing a collection of five lectures on the history of protection in the united states. these lessons used the historical progression of the tariff system from the founding era through his own time to essentially teach the economics of trade and taxation.
in several instances, profound economic insights may be found lurking amidst what is ostensibly a historical account. the 1883 text, for example, reveals one such lesson in its discussion of tariff history. calling upon adam smith's maxims of taxation and adding his own eye for analytical observation, sumner actually developed an early precursor to the laffer curve within the tariff system. "protective tariffs are hostile to revenue," he noted, on account of their purpose of preventing importations. "the moment, however, that a tax begins to have this effect it prevents revenue. hence where protection begins, there revenue ends." building on this principle, he proceeded to dissect the historical progression and purposes of american tariff statutes. his discussion of the tensions between two objectives revenue and protective rents both anticipates modern theory and contains a more sophisticated understanding of the operations than many modern historical works on the same subject.
another closely related foray into historical scholarship may be found in critical biography of alexander hamilton, published in 1890. it was written at a time that hamilton scholarship was mired in a mixture of founding father hagiography and political appropriation to bolster the issues of the day. one of the leading hamilton "scholars" at the turn of the century was the senator henry cabot lodge of massachusetts. lodge made a frequent habit of enlisting his subject matter's authority to his own legislative agenda, presenting it as a uniquely american contribution to political economy and borrowing heavily upon hamilton's legacy to differentiate his protectionist project from both the poor repute of the of old and the imperial designs of european protectionist contemporaries primarily in the emerging state of germany.
sumner subjected hamilton's record to scrutiny. he easily dispelled the claimed novelty and originality of the system, finding traces of protectionist reasoning on trade in the earliest stages of hamilton's political career. sumner specifically rebutted the notion that hamilton's famous report on manufactures was a work of deep theory and original economic insight. as he showed using first treasury secretary's own earlier statements, hamilton "was completely in the mists of mercantilism," his works consisting of the recycled "doctrines of the first quarter of the eighteenth century." despite this proclivity, hamilton's own tariffs were not quite the system that lodge and others claimed. since they were rooted in a larger comprehensive revenue system, hamilton's tariffs were "hostile to any extravagant rates" achieved at the neglect of excise | ˈhɪstəri həz nɑt bɪn kaɪnd tɪ ðə ˈlɛgəsi əv ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər. ɪn hɪz taɪm ˈsəmnər wɑz wən əv ðə moʊst pərˈstiʤəs ənd ˈwaɪdli rɛd ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˌɪntəˈlɛkʧuəlz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. bɪɔnd hɪz mɔr ˈtɛknɪkəl ˌækəˈdɛmɪk wərk ˈsəmnər ˈɔlsoʊ roʊt ˈpæʃənətli ənd ɪn dɪˈfɛns əv ˈlɛˌzeɪ ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɪʃuz. hɪz ˈpɑpjələr krɪˈtik əv prəˈtɛkʃəˌnɪzəm, "ðə wɪʧ ˈtiʧɪz ðət weɪst meɪks wɛlθ" 1885 ənd hɪz dɪˌnənsiˈeɪʃən əv ˌɪmˈpɪriəˌlɪzəm ɪn "ðə ˈkɑŋkwɛst əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts baɪ speɪn" 1898 ər tu əv hɪz moʊst ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv pəˈlɛməkəl wərks. moʊst səˈsteɪnd ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əv kˈwɛsʧənz əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsi ənd dɪˈstrɪbjutɪv ˈʤəstɪs əˈpɪrd ɪn ə kəˈlɛkʃən ˈɛˌseɪz wət ˈsoʊʃəl ˈklæsɪz oʊ tɪ iʧ ˈəðər 1883 wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz hɪz moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɛˌseɪ "ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn" 1884 ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈlɛgəsi ˈsəfərd ɛˈsɛnʃəli ðə seɪm feɪt ɛz ðət əv hɪz kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər, ənd fər məʧ ðə seɪm ˈrizən. frəm ənd riˌspɛktəˈbɪlɪti, aɪˈdiəz hæv dɪˈsɛndɪd ˈɪntu əbˈskjʊrəti ənd ˌdɪsrɪˈpjut. tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt hi ɪz rɪˈmɛmbərd æt ɔl təˈdeɪ, ɪt ɪz ˈmoʊstli fər hɪz əˈlɛʤd "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm." ɪn ðɪs zvəˈlɪnski, prəˈfɛsər əv fəˈlɑsəfi æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv sæn diˈeɪgoʊ, ɪgˈzæmənz ðə ʧɑrʤ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm, ənd, mɔr ˈʤɛnərəli, ðə ˈneɪʧər əv vjuz ɔn ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən ənd ɑr riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz təˈwɔrd ðə pur ənd ˈvəlnərəbəl, ənd kənˈkludz ðət ðə ʧɑrʤ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɪz mɪˈsteɪkən ɛz əˈplaɪd tɪ ˈsəmnər, hu ɪz ə ˈprɪnsəpəld ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən, nɑt ə ˈsoʊʃəl. mɔˈroʊvər, hi ɪz ə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən hu tʊk ˈspɛʃəl peɪnz tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðə weɪz ɪn wɪʧ ə rəˈʒim əv ˈlɪbərˌti ɪz əˈspɛʃəli ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl tɪ soʊˈsaɪɪtiz moʊst ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈmɛmbərz. mæt ɪz ʤɔɪnd ɪn ðə baɪ ˈfɪlɪp ˈdəbəlju. məgˈnis, ə hɪˈstɔriən beɪst ɪn ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. ˈriʤən, ˈrɑbərt ləru, prəˈfɛsər əv ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈɑtəˌwɑ, ˈfɑbioʊ ˈroʊhɑs, prəˈfɛsər əv ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi æt ˌɪndiˈænə ˌjunəˈvərsəti, ənd ˈdeɪvɪd ɛm. hɑrt, ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈlaɪbrɛˌri əv ˈlɪbərˌti ˈprɑʤɛkt. si ðə ˈɑrˌkaɪv əv "ˈlɪbərˌti ˈmætərz". "ˈlɪbərˌti ˈmætərz" ə ˈfɔrəm fər ðə dɪˈskəʃən əv ˈmætərz pərˈteɪnɪŋ tɪ ˈlɪbərˌti ˈlɪbərˌti ˈmætərz noʊ. 29 mæt zvəˈlɪnski, "ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər ˈlɪbərˌtiz fərˈgɑtən mæn" (ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2017 "ˈlɪbərˌti ˈmætərz" ˈɔnˌlaɪn ðɪs ˈɔnˌlaɪn dɪˈskəʃən ɪz pɑrt əv ðə ˈsɪriz ˈmætərz: ə ˈfɔrəm fər ðə dɪˈskəʃən əv ˈmætərz pərˈteɪnɪŋ tɪ liberty.”*.” ˈvərʒənz əv ðiz dɪˈskəʃənz ɪn pdf*, epub*, ənd ˈkɪndəl ˈfɔrˌmæts kən bi faʊnd æt ðɪs dɪˈskəʃən kən bi faʊnd ɪn ˈfɔrˌmæts æt <ˈeɪˌbiˌsi>. [ɪt wɪl bi ˈpoʊstɪd æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə mənθ.] fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˈlɪbərˌti ˈmætərz. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt fɛr juz ˈsteɪtmənt "ˈlɪbərˌti ˈmætərz" ɪz ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt əv ˈlɪbərˌti fənd, ɪŋk. ðɪs məˈtɪriəl ɪz pʊt ˈɔnˌlaɪn tɪ ˈfərðər ðə ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl goʊlz əv ˈlɪbərˌti fənd, ɪŋk. ðiz ˈɛˌseɪz ənd rɪˈspɑnsɪz meɪ bi kˈwoʊtɪd ənd ˈəðərˌwaɪz juzd ˈəndər "fɛr juz" prəˈvɪʒənz fər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ənd ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈpərpəsɪz. tɪ riˈprɪnt ðiz ˈɛˌseɪz ɪn kɔrs ˈbʊklɪts rikˈwaɪərz ðə praɪər pərˈmɪʃən əv ˈlɪbərˌti fənd, ɪŋk. pliz ˈkɑnˌtækt ðə ˈɛdɪtər ɪf ju hæv ˈɛni kˈwɛsʧənz. ðə dəˈbeɪt lɛd ˈɛˌseɪ: mæt zvəˈlɪnski, "ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər ˈlɪbərˌtiz fərˈgɑtən mæn" [ˈpoʊstɪd: ˌʤuˈlaɪ 3 2017 rɪˈspɑnsɪz ənd krɪˈtiks ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɔθərz mæt zvəˈlɪnski ɪz ə prəˈfɛsər əv fəˈlɑsəfi æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ənd əˈfɪliˌeɪt prəˈfɛsər əv lɔ. hi ɪz ˈfaʊndər ənd dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈsɛnər fər ˈɛθɪks, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks, ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈpɑləsi, əv ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər lɔ ənd fəˈlɑsəfi, ənd ə ˈfɛloʊ æt ˈsɛnər ɔn ˈgloʊbəl ˈʤəstɪs. hi ɪz ðə ˈɔθər əv ˈnɪrli 30 ˈɑrtɪkəlz ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ˈvɛriəs ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ənd əˈplaɪd ˈæˌspɛkts əv ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən, ðə ˈɛdɪtər əv ˈɑrgjuɪŋ əˈbaʊt pəˈlɪtɪkəl fəˈlɑsəfi ɪˈdɪʃən, ˈraʊtlɪʤ, 2014 ənd əv ðə ˈpɑləˌtɪks, fəˈlɑsəfi, ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks əv ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən (ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ wɪθ ˈɑksfərd ɪn 2018 wɪθ ʤɑn toʊˈmɑsi, hi ɪz ðə ˈɔθər əv ə brif ˈhɪstəri əv, ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ wɪθ ˈprɪnstən ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs ɪn 2018 ˈfɪlɪp ˈdəbəlju. məgˈnis ɪz ə hɪˈstɔriən beɪst ɪn ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. ˈriʤən. hi ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪz ɪn ðə "lɔŋ" ˈsɛnʧəri, wɪθ ə duəl ˈɛmfəsɪs əˈpɑn sˈleɪvəri ənd ðə ˈhɪstəri əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm. hi ɪz ə ˈlidɪŋ ˈɛkspərt ɔn blæk ˌkɑlənɪˈzeɪʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈɪrə ənd ɪts riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən ˈmuvmənt əv ðə seɪm ˈpɪriəd. hɪz ˈəðər wərks hæv ɪkˈsplɔrd ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈhɪstəri əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈtɛrəf ˈpɑləsi, ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈɪnˌkəm tæks, ənd ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin tækˈseɪʃən ənd wɛlθ ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti. məgˈnis hoʊldz ə ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi frəm ʤɔrʤ ˈmeɪsən ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd ə ˌbiˈeɪ ɪn pəˈlɪtɪkəl saɪəns frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv st*. ˈtɑməs. hi ˈkərəntli ˈtiʧɪz æt ʃɑr skul əv ˈpəblɪk ˈpɑləsi. ˈrɑbərt ləru ɪz ə prəˈfɛsər əv ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈɑtəˌwɑ. hi ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd baɪ ɛˌpɪstəˈmɑləˌʤi, ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns, ənd ˈlɪˌbərəl θɔt. ˈrisənt ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz ˌɪnˈklud pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ɪn fræns: ðə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz əv (ˈləndən ənd nu jɔrk: ˈraʊtlɪʤ, 2011 ənd frɛnʧ ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri: ən ænˈθɔləˌʤi (ˈləndən ənd nu jɔrk: ˈraʊtlɪʤ, 2011 wɪʧ hi wɪθ ˈdeɪvɪd hɑrt. ðə frɛnʧ ˈvərʒən əv hɪz bʊk ɔn wən ðə pri ˈʧɑrəlz dəˈpæn əˈwɔrdɪd baɪ ðə dɪ ˈsaɪənsɪz mɔˈrɑlɛs ɛt əv ˈpɛrɪs ɪn 2008 ˈfɑbioʊ ˈroʊhɑs ɪz prəˈfɛsər əv ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi æt ˌɪndiˈænə ˌjunəˈvərsəti. hi ˈstədiz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənəl bɪˈheɪvjər ɪn pəˈlɪtɪkəl, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ˈsɛtɪŋz. hi ɪz ðə ˈɔθər əv ˈθɪri fər ðə ˈwərkɪŋ ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪst 2017 kəˈləmbiə ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs), frəm blæk paʊər tɪ blæk ˈstədiz: haʊ ə ˈrædɪkəl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmuvmənt bɪˈkeɪm ən ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈdɪsəplən 2007 ðə ʤɑnz ˈhɑpkɪnz ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs) ənd co-author*, wɪθ ˈmaɪkəl ti. ˈhini əv ˈpɑrti ɪn ðə strit: ðə ˌæntiˈwɔr ˈmuvmənt ənd ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti ˈæftər 2015 ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs). hi wɑz ə ˈrɑbərt wʊd ˈʤɑnsən ˈskɑlər ɪn hɛlθ ˈpɑləsi ˈrisərʧ ənd rɪˈsivd ðə 2016 liɑn di. ˈɛpˌstin əˈwɔrd frəm ðə əˈmɛrɪkən pəˈlɪtɪkəl saɪəns əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən fər ən ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ bʊk ɪn ðə ˈstədi əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ənd ˈpɑrtiz. ˈdeɪvɪd ɛm. hɑrt ɪz ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈlɪbərˌti fəndz ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈlaɪbrɛˌri əv ˈlɪbərˌti ˈprɑʤɛkt ənd ðə ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈɛdɪtər əv ˈlɪbərˌti fəndz sɪks ˈvɑljum trænzˈleɪʃən əv ðə kəˈlɛktəd wərks əv ənd ðə ˈɛdɪtər guˈstɑvi də ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz ɔn seɪnt ˈlæzərəs strit 1849 ˈrisənt wərks ˌɪnˈklud wɪθ ˈrɑbərt ləru tu ænˈθɔləʤiz əv ˈsɛnʧəri frɛnʧ ˈklæsɪkəl ˈlɪˌbərəl θɔt: frɛnʧ ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri: ən ænˈθɔləˌʤi (ˈləndən ənd nu jɔrk: ˈraʊtlɪʤ, 2011 ənd ɪn frɛnʧ, dɔr də français*. anthologie*. (ðə ˈgoʊldən eɪʤ əv frɛnʧ ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm) (ellipses*, ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ). hi həz pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ˈəðər ˈlɪbərˌti ˈmætərz dɪˈskəʃənz, ˈraɪtɪŋ ðə lɛd ˈɛˌseɪ fər ə dɪˈskəʃən ɔn "ðə sprɛd əv (ˈklæsɪkəl) ˈlɪˌbərəl aɪˈdiəz" (mɑrʧ 2015 ənd "ˈklæsɪkəl ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ənd ðə ˈprɑbləm əv klæs" (noʊv. 2016 əˈdɪʃənəl ˈrɛdɪŋ lɛd ˈɛˌseɪ: mæt zvəˈlɪnski, "ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər ˈlɪbərˌtiz fərˈgɑtən mæn" [ˈpoʊstɪd: ˌʤuˈlaɪ 3 ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən ˈhɪstəri həz nɑt bɪn kaɪnd tɪ ðə ˈlɛgəsi əv ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər. ɪn hɪz taɪm ˈsəmnər wɑz wən əv ðə moʊst pərˈstiʤəs ənd ˈwaɪdli rɛd ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˌɪntəˈlɛkʧuəlz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ə prəˈfɛsər əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns æt jeɪl, ˈsəmnər wɑz wən əv ðə ˈfaʊndɪŋ ˈfɪgjərz ɪn ðə ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈdɪsəplən əv ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi. ənd hɪz moʊst ˈfeɪməs ənd ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ wərk, ˈfoʊkˌweɪz 1906 ɪz stɪl rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɛksplərˈeɪʃən əv ˈkəlʧərəl nɔrmz ənd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ðət, əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ, dɪˈvɛləps ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɪnˌsaɪts ˈɪntu ðə ˈθɪri əv spɑnˈteɪniəs ˈɔrdər. bɪɔnd hɪz mɔr ˈtɛknɪkəl ˌækəˈdɛmɪk wərk, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈsəmnər ˈɔlsoʊ roʊt ˈpæʃənətli ənd ɪn dɪˈfɛns əv ˈlɛˌzeɪ ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɪʃuz. hɪz ˈpɑpjələr krɪˈtik əv prəˈtɛkʃəˌnɪzəm, "ðə wɪʧ ˈtiʧɪz ðət weɪst meɪks wɛlθ" 1885 ənd hɪz dɪˌnənsiˈeɪʃən əv ˌɪmˈpɪriəˌlɪzəm ɪn "ðə ˈkɑŋkwɛst əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts baɪ speɪn" 1898 ər tu əv hɪz moʊst ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv pəˈlɛməkəl wərks. ɪn 1883 hi ˈpəblɪʃt ə ˈsɪriz əv 11 ʃɔrt ˈɛˌseɪz ɔn ðə riˈleɪʃənz bɪtˈwin ˈwərkərz ənd ɪmˈplɔɪərz ɪn ˈhɑrpərz ˈwikli. ðiz ˈɛˌseɪz wər ˈleɪtər ɛz wət ˈsoʊʃəl ˈklæsɪz oʊ tɪ iʧ ˈəðər 1883 ə bʊk ðət ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts moʊst səˈsteɪnd ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əv kˈwɛsʧənz əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsi ənd dɪˈstrɪbjutɪv ˈʤəstɪs. tu əv ðə ˈɛˌseɪz ɪn ðət bʊk wər ˈleɪtər kəmˈbaɪnd ənd ɪkˈspændɪd əˈpɑn tɪ fɔrm wət ɪz noʊ daʊt moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɛˌseɪ "ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn" 1884 ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈlɛgəsi ˈsəfərd ɛˈsɛnʃəli ðə seɪm feɪt ɛz ðət əv hɪz kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər, ənd fər məʧ ðə seɪm ˈrizən. frəm ənd riˌspɛktəˈbɪlɪti, aɪˈdiəz hæv dɪˈsɛndɪd ˈɪntu əbˈskjʊrəti ənd ˌdɪsrɪˈpjut. tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt hi ɪz rɪˈmɛmbərd æt ɔl təˈdeɪ, ɪt ɪz ˈmoʊstli fər hɪz əˈlɛʤd "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm." ðət ʧɑrʤ əˈgɛnst ˈsəmnər (ənd ˈspɛnsər) wɑz meɪd ˈfeɪməs baɪ ˈrɪʧərd ɪn hɪz 1944 bʊk, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən θɔt, ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv wɪʧ ɔn ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ənd ˈpɑpjələr ˌəndərˈstændɪŋz əv ˈsəmnər (ənd ˈspɛnsər) kən ˈhɑrdli bi ˈoʊvərˌsteɪtɪd. ɪn ðɪs ˈɛˌseɪ aɪ wɪl ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə ʧɑrʤ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm, ənd, mɔr ˈʤɛnərəli, ðə ˈneɪʧər əv vjuz ɔn ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən ənd ɑr riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz təˈwɔrd ðə pur ənd ˈvəlnərəbəl. aɪ wɪl ˈɑrgju ðət ðə ʧɑrʤ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm, tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ɪt ɪz koʊˈhɪrənt æt ɔl, ɪz mɪˈsteɪkən ɛz əˈplaɪd tɪ ˈsəmnər. ˈsəmnər ɪz ə ˈprɪnsəpəld ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən, nɑt ə ˈsoʊʃəl. mɔˈroʊvər, hi ɪz ə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən hu tʊk ˈspɛʃəl peɪnz tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðə weɪz ɪn wɪʧ ə rəˈʒim əv ˈlɪbərˌti ɪz əˈspɛʃəli ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl tɪ soʊˈsaɪɪtiz moʊst ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈmɛmbərz. səˈpraɪzɪŋ ɛz ɪt meɪ sim, aɪ wɪl ˈɑrgju, wi kən faɪnd ɪn ðə ˈraɪtɪŋz əv ˈsəmnər ðə kɔr aɪˈdiəz əv ə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˈθɪri əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʤəstɪs. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɪf ðə ʧɑrʤ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ dɪˈsaɪsɪvli rɪfˈjut, ðɪs ɪz ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ əˈsaɪn ˈɛni prɪˈsaɪs (ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr falsifiable*) ˈminɪŋ æt ɔl tɪ ðə freɪz. frəm ɪts bɪˈgɪnɪŋ, "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm" wɑz ə freɪz ˈpipəl juzd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪkˈsklusɪvli tɪ dɪˈskraɪb aɪˈdiəz wɪθ wɪʧ ðeɪ dɪsəˈgrid. ɪn fækt, ðə ɪkˈsprɛʃən əv dɪsəˈgrimənt ˈɔfən əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ðə ˈoʊnli fɪkst ˈɛləmənt əv ðə ˈminɪŋ. ˈdɪfərənt ˈpipəl æt ˈdɪfərənt taɪmz dɪsˈlaɪkt ənd dɪsəˈgrid wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt θɪŋz, ənd ðəs "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm" keɪm æt taɪmz tɪ bi ə ˈʃɔrˌthænd weɪ əv rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ aɪˈdiəz ɛz ˈvɛriəs ɛz ˈreɪˌsɪzəm, ˈmɪlətərˌɪzəm, səˈpɔrt əv juˈʤɛnɪks, ˌɪnˈdɪfərəns tɪ ðə plaɪt əv ðə pur, ən ɪkˈsɛsɪvli ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl vju əv juˈmænɪti, ər səˈpɔrt əv ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr. fər ənd ˈəðər ˈkrɪtɪks əv ˈspɛnsər ənd ˈsəmnər, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə kɔr aɪˈdiəz əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm sim tɪ bi ðət ˈjumən soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪz mɑrkt baɪ ðə seɪm sɔrt əv "ˈstrəgəl fər ɪgˈzɪstəns" ðət ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzəz ðə ˈænəməl wərld, ənd ðət ðə ˈvɪktərz əv ðɪs ˈstrəgəl ˈimərʤ əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə rul əv "sərˈvaɪvəl əv ðə ˈfɪtəst." ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ɪz wən ˈæˌspɛkt əv ðɪs ˈstrəgəl, ənd soʊ ə ˈpɑləsi əv strɪkt ˈlɛˌzeɪ ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə ˈfɪtnəs əv ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz hu ˈkɑnstəˌtut soʊˈsaɪɪti. ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns wɪθ ˈlɛˌzeɪ ðə fɔrm əv, seɪ, ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˈgɪvɪŋ tɪ ðə wik, wʊd rɪˈtɑrd ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈprɛʃərz ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ˈgreɪtər ənd ˈgreɪtər ˈfɪtnəs, ənd məst ˈðɛrˌfɔr bi əˈpoʊzd. ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk səkˈsɛs ɪz ən ˌɪndɪˈspjutəbəl ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər əv ˈvərʧu ənd ˈfɪtnəs, ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈfeɪljər ɪz ə ˈtɛlˌteɪl saɪn əv vaɪs ənd unfitness*. ðət wɪʧ həz maɪt, ɪz ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli raɪt, ənd ðət wɪʧ ɪz wik meɪ bi ˈtrɑdən əˈpɑn wɪθ ˌɪmˈpjunɪti. wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər, ðə ʧɑrʤ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm həz bɪn əˈdrɛst, ənd rɪfˈjutɪd (əˈgɛn ənd əˈgɛn ənd əˈgɛn baɪ ʤɔrʤ eɪʧ. smɪθ, ˈtɑməs si. ˈlɛnərd, ənd mi). bət dɪz ðə ʧɑrʤ fɛr ˈɛni ˈbɛtər wɪn əˈplaɪd tɪ ˈsəmnər? ðə fərst ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ðɪs ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ˈhɪnʤɪz ɔn ðə kərˈɛkt ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ki ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri tərmz ɪn θɔt, səʧ ɛz "ðə ˈstrəgəl fər ɪgˈzɪstəns" ənd "ðə sərˈvaɪvəl əv ðə ˈfɪtəst." ðɛr ɪz ə ˈnæʧərəl tɛmˈteɪʃən ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈboʊlstərd baɪ oʊn ˈfreɪzɪŋ tɪ rɛd ðiz ˈfreɪzɪz ɛz ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ə ˈnɔrmətɪv goʊl, ɛz ðoʊ ðə sərˈvaɪvəl əv ðə ˈfɪtəst wɑz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət wi ʃʊd straɪv tɪ əˈʧiv ənd əreɪnʤ ɑr ˈsoʊʃəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz tɪ fəˈsɪləˌteɪt. bət ðɪs ɪz nɑt haʊ ˈsəmnər ˌəndərˈstʊd ðə aɪˈdiə. "ˈfɪtnəs," fər ˈsəmnər, wɑz nɑt ə ˈnɔrmətɪv ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən bət ə dɪˈskrɪptɪv kleɪm. tɪ bi "fɪt" ɪz nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli tɪ bi "ˈbɛtər" ər "mɔr ˈvərʧuəs" ðən wən hu ɪz ənˈfɪt. ɔl ðət ˈfɪtnəs minz, ɪn ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri sɛns, ɪz ˌædəpˈteɪʃən tɪ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ðəs, ɪn "ˈkələrfəl" wərdz, "ˈrætəlsˌneɪks meɪ sərˈvaɪv wɛr ˈhɔrsɪz ˈpɛrɪʃ ər ˈhaɪli ˈkəltəˌveɪtɪd waɪt mɛn meɪ daɪ wɛr flərɪʃ." ðə fækt ðət ə ˈrætəlsˌneɪk wɪl ˌaʊˈtlɪv ə hɔrs ɪn ə ˈdɛzərt ˈdəzənt meɪk ðə ˈrætəlsˌneɪk ˈmɔrəli ˈbɛtər ðən ðə hɔrs. ɪt ʤɪst minz ðət ðə ˈrætəlsˌneɪk ɪz ˈbɛtər əˈdæptɪd tɪ sərˈvaɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈdɛzərt. ðət ɪz ɔl. ðəs, ðə sərˈvaɪvəl əv ðə ˈfɪtəst ɪz ə kənˈstreɪnt wɪˈθɪn wɪʧ mɛn ənd lɔz məst ˈɔpərˌeɪt, nɑt ə goʊl tɪ bi pərˈsud. ənd ɪt ɪz ən ˌɪnɪˈskeɪpəbəl kənˈstreɪnt. wi kʊd nɑt əˈvɔɪd ɪt ɪf wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ. soʊ ɪt ɪz nɑt ɛz ðoʊ ðɛr ɪz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli əˈbaʊt ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm, ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈəðər fɔrmz əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən. sˈwɪʧɪŋ frəm ə ˈkæpətəlɪst ɪˈkɑnəmi tɪ ə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst wən wʊd nɑt ˈrɛndər ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈprɛʃərz dɪˈfəŋkt. ɪt wʊd ˈoʊnli ˈɔltər ðə ˈkɑntɛkst ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt ənd ðə ˈifɛkts ðeɪ ˈproʊdus. ðə ril ˈmɪzəri əv ˈmænˈkaɪnd ɪz ðə ˈstrəgəl fər ɪgˈzɪstəns; waɪ nɑt "dɪˈklɛr" ðət ðɛr ɔt nɑt tɪ bi ˈɛni ˈstrəgəl fər ɪgˈzɪstəns, ənd ðət ðɛr ʃæl nɑt bi ˈɛni mɔr? lɛt ɪt bi dɪˈkrid ðət ɪgˈzɪstəns ɪz ə ˈnæʧərəl raɪt, ənd lɛt ɪt bi sɪˈkjʊrd ɪn ðət weɪ. ɪf wi əˈtɛmpt tɪ ˈɛksəˌkjut ðɪs plæn, ɪt ɪz pleɪn ðət wi ʃæl nɑt əˈbɑlɪʃ ðə ˈstrəgəl fər ɪgˈzɪstəns; wi ʃæl ˈoʊnli brɪŋ ɪt əˈbaʊt ðət səm mɛn məst faɪt ðət ˈstrəgəl fər ˈəðərz. ("səm ˈnæʧərəl raɪts") bət ðɛr ɪz ə ˈsɛkənd ənd ˈivɪn mɔr sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ðə ʧɑrʤ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɛz əˈplaɪd tɪ ˈsəmnər: ɪt ɪz ðə ˈvɛri ˈɛsəns əv ðə ˈsɪstəm əv ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr hi ˈʧæmpiənd tɪ proʊˈhɪbət ðə ˈvaɪələns ənd ˈpləndər ðət ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪz ðə ˌdɑrˈwɪniən "lɔ əv ðə ˈʤəŋgəl." fər ˈsəmnər, ɛz fər hɪz kənˈtɛmpərˌɛriz ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər ənd guˈstɑvi də ˌmɔləˈnɑri, ðə ˈpisfəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ðət ɪgˈzɪsts wɪˈθɪn ˌɪnˈdəstriəl soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪz ən ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ədˈvæns frəm ˈərliər fɔrmz əv mɔr ˈvaɪələnt ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən. ɛz ˈkəlʧər ənd ˈkɑmərs ədˈvæns, ðeɪ tɛnd tɪ əˈmiljərˌeɪt ðə ˈifɛkts əv ðə ˈstrəgəl fər ɪgˈzɪstəns, ˈivɪn goʊɪŋ soʊ fɑr ɛz tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ɪt wɪθ ə mɔr bɪˈnaɪn ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət ˈsəmnər rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz "ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən əv laɪf." ðət ˈlætər ˈprɔˌsɛs rɪˈpleɪsɪz ðə ˈziroʊˌsəm ˈkɑnflɪkt əv ˈvaɪələns wɪθ wət ˈspɛnsər rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz "ænˌtægəˈnɪstɪk kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən," ə ˈprɔˌsɛs dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt baɪ ɪts kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən ənd mˈjuʧuəli ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ. ˈnoʊˌwɛr ɪz dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪtˈwin ðiz tu fɔrmz əv ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ˈklɪrər ðən ɪn hɪz ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən əv ˈmɪlətərˌɪzəm, ə fɔrs ðət hi ʧɑrʤd wɪθ "kəmˈbætɪŋ ðə grænd ˈɛfərts əv saɪəns ənd ɑrt tɪ əˈmiljərˌeɪt ðə ˈstrəgəl fər ɪgˈzɪstəns." wɔr, ˈsəmnər meɪd klɪr, "ɪz nɑt tɪ bi rɪˈlaɪd tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ ðə wərk əv səˈlɛkʃən bɪtˈwin steɪts." ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz ɪt ɪz tru ðət wɔr "dɪˈstrɔɪz ˈsoʊʃəl ˈrəbɪʃ." bət ɪn ˈəðərz "ɪt dɪˈstrɔɪz θɪŋz wɪʧ ər societally*, ˈplɪtɪkli, ənd ˈɛθɪkəli gʊd. ɪt bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ ˈprɪmɪtɪv ənd ˈnæʧərəl ˌɛvəˈluʃən," nɑt tɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪn ɪts ˈsɪvəˌlaɪzd steɪt. ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli æˈbhɔrənt tɪ ˈsəmnər wɑz ˈmɪlətənt ˌɪmˈpɪriəˌlɪzəm ənd kəˈloʊniəˌlɪzəm, ɪn wɪʧ səˈpoʊzədli "suˈpɪriər" ˈkəlʧərz wʊd sɛt ðɛmˈsɛlvz əp tɪ rul baɪ fɔrs ˈoʊvər "ˌɪnˈfɪriər" wənz. kənˈtɛmpt fər səʧ ˈpɑləsi lɛd ɪm tɪ ˈproʊdus wən əv hɪz moʊst ˈpaʊərfəl ˈɛˌseɪz, "ðə ˈkɑŋkwɛst əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts baɪ speɪn," ɪn wɪʧ hi ˈɑrgjud ðət əˈmɛrɪkə wɑz ˈluzɪŋ ðə wɔr baɪ ˈsækrəˌfaɪsɪŋ ɪts ˈprɪnsəpəlz ənd trəˈdɪʃənz əv ˈlɪbərˌti ənd ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔn ðoʊz əv ˈspænɪʃ ˌɪmˈpɪriəˌlɪzəm. ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ˈsəmnər riˈkɔɪld æt ðə ˌɪmˈpɪriəlɪst rɪˈʤɛkʃən əv ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈmɔrəl ɪkˈwɑləti əv ˈpərsənz, ən ɪkˈwɑləti ðət ˈsəmnər sɔ ɛz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz strɛʧt tu ˈbrɔdli baɪ ðoʊz hu sɔt tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd ɪt ˈɪntu ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ɪkˈwɑləti, bət wɪʧ ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs ɪn ɪts kɔr ˈminɪŋ wɑz ˈsɛntrəl tɪ ðə ˈvɪʒən əv ˈlɪbərˌti fər wɪʧ hi stʊd ənd wɪʧ ɪkˈstɛndz prəˈtɛkʃən tɪ ɔl ˈpərsənz, rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðɛr reɪs ər ˌnæʃəˈnælɪti. krɪˈtik əv ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv kɔrs, ɛz ə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən, ˈsəmnər dɪd əˈpoʊz moʊst fɔrmz əv eɪd tɪ ðə pur, əˈspɛʃəli ˈɪnˌkəm ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən. fər ˈmɛni, ðɪs ɪz səˈfɪʃənt tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt hɪz ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm. ˈæftər ɔl, ɪf ridɪˈstrɪbjətɪv ˈpɑləsiz ər ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər ðə pur tɪ sərˈvaɪv ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən əv ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm, wət ˈəðər ˈrizən kʊd wən hæv fər əˈpoʊzɪŋ ðoʊz ˈpɑləsiz bət ən ˌɪnˈdɪfərəns (ɪf nɑt ˈaʊˈtraɪt hɑˈstɪləti) tɪ ðɛr plaɪt? θruaʊt hɪz ˈraɪtɪŋz, ˈsəmnər dɪˈvɛləps tu ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɑrgjəmənts əˈgɛnst ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən, ˈniðər əv wɪʧ ˌɪnˈvɑlvz hɑˈstɪləti tɪ ðə pur. ðə fərst ɪz ðət steɪts wɪθ ðə paʊər tɪ ˌridɪˈstrɪbjut wɛlθ frəm wən klæs tɪ əˈnəðər, ˈsəmnər θɔt, wɪl mɔr ˈɔfən juz ɪt tɪ ˌridɪˈstrɪbjut frəm pur tɪ rɪʧ ðən prɑˈgrɛsɪvli frəm rɪʧ tɪ pur. ðɪs kaɪnd əv rəˈgrɛsɪv ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən ˈrɛrli teɪks ðə ˈɑbviəs fɔrm əv dɪˈrɛkt ˈtrænsfərz əv wɛlθ. ˈrəðər, ˈsəmnər θɔt, ɪt ˈmænəˌfɛsts ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪn ðə fəˈnɑmənə əv "jobbery*" ənd "plutocracy*." "jobbery*," ər wət wi wʊd naʊ kɔl "rent-seeking*," ˈsəmnər dɪˈfaɪnd ɛz "ðə ˈkɑnstəntli əˈpɛrənt ˈɛfərt tɪ wɪn wɛlθ, nɑt baɪ ˈɑnəst ənd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt pərˈdəkʃən, bət baɪ səm sɔrt əv ə skim fər ɛkˈstɔrtɪŋ ˈəðər ˈpipəlz ˈprɑdəkt frəm ðɛm." ɛz ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv jobbery*, ˈsəmnər kənˈdɛmd ˈvɛriəs ˈproʊˌgræmz əv ˈpəblɪk wərks, ˈsəbsɪdiz tɪ ˈmaɪnərz ənd ˈfɑrmərz, ənd moʊst əˈspɛʃəli ðə prəˈtɛktɪv ˈtɛrəf, ə dɪˈvaɪs ðət hi ˈmɛmərəbli dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz "dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ˈɛvəri mæn ˈoʊvər tɪ bi ˈpləndərd baɪ hɪz ˈneɪbər ənd ˈtiʧɪŋ ɪm tɪ bɪˈliv ðət ɪt ɪz ə gʊd θɪŋ fər ɪm ənd hɪz ˈkəntri bɪˈkəz hi meɪ teɪk hɪz tərn æt ˈpləndərɪŋ ðə rɛst." wɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks həz ðə paʊər tɪ kənˈtroʊl ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz' wɛlθ, ˈsəmnər θɔt, ðɪs kriˈeɪts ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˌɪnˈsɛnɪv fər ðoʊz wɪθ wɛlθ tɪ juz ɪt tɪ kənˈtroʊl ˈpɑləˌtɪks. ðɪs lidz tɪ ə ˈsɪstəm əv "plutocracy*," wɪʧ ˈsəmnər dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz "ðə moʊst ˈsɔrdəd ənd dɪˈbeɪsɪŋ fɔrm əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈɛnərʤi noʊn tɪ ˈjuˈɛs." ˈɛkoʊɪŋ ˈælbərt ʤeɪ ɑr ˈɛnəmi ðə steɪt 1935 ənd ˈərliər ˈθɪriz əv klæs, ˈsəmnər ˈɑrgjud ðət ɪkˈsɛsɪv steɪt paʊər lidz ˈpipəl tɪ dɪˈvərt ðɛr əˈtɛnʃən frəm ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk minz əv pərˈdəkʃən tɪ ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl minz frəm pərˈdəkʃən tɪ ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən. ˈsɛkənd ˈɑrgjəmənt əˈgɛnst ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən faɪndz ɪts ˈklɪrɪst ɪkˈsprɛʃən ɪn ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈɑrgjəmənt əv hɪz ˈɛˌseɪ, "ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn." ˈɛvəri pis əv "ˈsoʊʃəl ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən," ˈsəmnər roʊt, bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ səm ˈpərsən ə əbˈzərvɪŋ səm ˈprɑbləm frəm wɪʧ əˈnəðər ˈpərsən ɛks əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ˈsəfərɪŋ. ə tɔks ɪt ˈoʊvər wɪθ bi, ənd ə ənd bi ðɛn prəˈpoʊz tɪ gɪt ə lɔ pæst tɪ ˈrɛmədi ðə ˈivəl ənd hɛlp ɛks. ðɛr lɔ ˈɔlˌweɪz prəˈpoʊzɪz tɪ dɪˈtərmən wət si ʃæl du fər ɛks ər, ɪn ðə ˈbɛtər keɪs, wət ə, bi ənd si ʃæl du fər ɛks. ənd hu ɪz si? aɪ kɔl ɪm ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn. pərˈhæps ðə ˌæpəˈleɪʃən ɪz nɑt ˈstrɪktli kərˈɛkt. hi ɪz ðə mæn hu ˈnɛvər ɪz θɔt əv. hi ɪz ðə ˈvɪktɪm əv ðə rɪˈfɔrmər, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈspɛkjəˌleɪtər ənd fɪˈlænθrəpɪst, ənd aɪ hoʊp tɪ ʃoʊ ju ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ gɪt θru ðət hi dɪˈzərvz jʊr ˈnoʊtɪs boʊθ fər hɪz ˈkɛrɪktər ənd fər ðə ˈmɛni ˈbərdənz wɪʧ ər leɪd əˈpɑn ɪm. ənˈlaɪk ðə pur ənd ðə wik huz ˈsəfərɪŋ ɪz ˈvɪzəbəl ənd ˈɑbviəs (ɛz ɪn "wət ɪz sin"), ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn hu spɛnz hɪz taɪm "ɪn ˈpeɪʃənt ˈɪndəstri, səˈpɔrtɪŋ hɪz ˈfæməli, peɪɪŋ hɪz ˈtæksɪz, ˈkæstɪŋ hɪz voʊt, səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ʧərʧ ənd ðə skul, ˈrɛdɪŋ hɪz ˈnuzˌpeɪpər" ənd ˈʤɛnərəli ˈmaɪndɪŋ hɪz oʊn ˈbɪznɪs ɪz ˈizi tɪ ˈoʊvərˌlʊk. ənd ðəs wi ˈoʊvərˌlʊk ðə fækt ðət "ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈkæpɪtəl ju dɪˈvərt tɪ ðə səˈpɔrt əv ə ˈʃɪftlɪs ənd ˈpərsən ɪz soʊ məʧ dɪˈvərtɪd frəm səm ˈəðər ɪmˈplɔɪmənt, ənd ðət minz frəm ˈsəmˌbɑdi ɛls." ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, "soʊˈsaɪɪti" kən ˈoʊnli dɪˈvoʊt ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ ðə rɪˈlif əv ɛks baɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛm əˈweɪ frəm si. ˈsɪmələrli, ðə lɔ ˈkænɑt ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ˌɔltəˈgɛðər ˈhɑrmfəl ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv ˈɛksɪz ˌɪmˈprudənt bɪˈheɪvjər; ɪt kən ˈoʊnli ʃɪft ðoʊz ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz, aʊt əv saɪt, ˈɔntu ˈsəmˌbɑdi ˈɛlsɪz bæk. pɑrt əv pɔɪnt ɪn ðɪs ˈɛˌseɪ ɪz tɪ dɪˈrɛkt ɑr əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə ˌənɪnˈtɛndɪd kɔsts əv ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən. bət ðə teɪl əv ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn ɪz nɑt ˈmɪrli ə ˈkɔʃəˌnɛri ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt ðə ˌənɪnˈtɛndɪd ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən; ɪt ɪz ə ˈmɔrəl pli beɪst ɔn ðə aɪˈdiəz əv ˈʤəstɪs ənd ˌrɛsɪˈprɑsɪti. ˈæftər ɔl, ɪt ɪz "ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn ənd ðə fərˈgɑtən ˈwʊmən [hu] ər ðə ˈvɛri laɪf ənd ˈsəbstəns əv soʊˈsaɪɪti." ðeɪ ər ðə wənz hu wərk tɪ səˈpɔrt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd ðɛr ˈfæməliz, hu peɪ ðɛr ˈtæksɪz, ənd hu ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ðə pərˈdəktɪv ˈleɪbər ɔn wɪʧ ðə ˈmeɪntənəns ənd groʊθ əv soʊˈsaɪɪti dɪˈpɛnd. waɪ, ˈsəmnər æsks, ʃʊd ˈpipəl səʧ ɛz ðɪs, hu ɔˈrɛdi ˈfeɪθfəli bɛr ðə ˈbərdənz fər wɪʧ ðeɪ ər ˈprɑpərli riˈspɑnsəbəl, bi ˈfərðər ˈbərdənd "wɪθ ðə kɔst əv ˈpəblɪk bəˈnɛfəsəns, wɪθ ðə səˈpɔrt əv ɔl ðə ˈloʊfərz, wɪθ ðə lɔs əv ɔl ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk kˈwækəri" ənd wɪθ ðə kɔst əv pərˈveɪsɪv jobbery*? ɪf ɪt ɪz ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn ənd ˈwʊmən ɔn hum ðə hɛlθ ənd fˈjuʧər əv ɑr soʊˈsaɪɪti dɪˈpɛndz, ðɛn ʃʊd nɑt soʊˈsaɪɪti hɛlp, ˈrəðər ðən ˈhɪndər ðɛm, ɪn ðɛr pərˈdəktɪv ˈɛfərts? ɪf ɛks ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv səˈpɔrtɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf bət ˈʧuzɪz nɑt tɪ, ɪz ɪt nɑt ˌɔnˈfɛr ˌɪnˈdid, ˌɛkˈsplɔɪtətɪv tɪ juz ðə koʊəˈrsɪv paʊər əv lɔ tɪ əˈlaʊ ɛks tɪ lɪv æt siz ɪkˈspɛns? wət ˈsoʊʃəl ˈklæsɪz oʊ tɪ iʧ ˈəðər ɪt ɪz nɑt fər ˈnəθɪŋ ðət ˈsəmnər ərnd ðə ˈnɪkˌneɪm "bləf ˈbɪli." hɪz ˈɛˌseɪ ɔn ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn kən ˈizəli bi rɛd ɛz dɪsˈmɪsɪv əv ðə ˈprɑbləmz feɪst baɪ ðə pur ənd ðə wik. ənd ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn hɪz ˈraɪtɪŋz, ˈsəmnər kən əˈpɪr tɪ bi ˈivɪn lɛs ˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk. "vaɪs," ˈsəmnər wəns roʊt, ɪz ɪn ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈɔrdər əv θɪŋz, "ɪts oʊn kərs." ɪf wi lɛt ˈneɪʧər əˈloʊn, ʃi kjʊrz vaɪs baɪ ðə moʊst ˈfraɪtfəl ˈpɛnəltiz. ɪt meɪ ʃɑk ju tɪ hir mi seɪ ɪt, bət wɪn ju gɪt ˈoʊvər ðə ʃɑk, ɪt wɪl du ju gʊd tɪ θɪŋk əv ɪt: ə ˈdrəŋkərd ɪn ðə ˈgətər ɪz ʤɪst wɛr hi ɔt tɪ bi. ˈneɪʧər ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ əˈweɪ æt ɪm tɪ gɪt ɪm aʊt əv ðə weɪ, ʤɪst ɛz ʃi sɛts əp hər ˈprɑsɛsəz əv ˌdɪsəˈluʃən tɪ riˈmuv ˌwəˈtɛvər ɪz ə ˈfeɪljər ɪn ɪts laɪn. ˈgæmbəlɪŋ ənd lɛs ˈvaɪsɪz ɔl kjʊr ðɛmˈsɛlvz baɪ ðə ruɪn ənd ˌdɪsəˈluʃən əv ðɛr ˈvɪktɪmz. əv ɑr ˈmɛʒərz fər prɪˈvɛnɪŋ vaɪs ər ˈrɪli prəˈtɛktɪv təˈwɔrdz ɪt, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wɔrd ɔf ðə ˈpɛnəlti. ˈpæsɪʤɪz laɪk ðɪs sim tɪ səˈʤɛst ðət ˈsəmnər sɔ ðə ˈsəfərɪŋ əv ðə pur ɛz ə ˈpɑzətɪv gʊd, ənd ˈɛfərts tɪ rɪˈliv ɪt ɛz ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli mɪsˈgaɪdɪd. ənd ðɪs, ɪn tərn, səˈʤɛsts ðət ˈsəmnər, ənd pərˈhæps ˈəðərz hu ʃɛr hɪz ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˈsɪmpəθiz, məst ˈklɪrli bi ˈlækɪŋ ɪn kəmˈpæʃən fər ðə plaɪt əv ðə pur. ðɛr ər, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, æt list tu ˈrizənz ðət wi ʃʊd rɪˈzɪst ðɪs kənˈkluʒən. fərst, meɪn pɔɪnt ɪn ðɪs ˈpæsɪʤ ɪz (laɪk ˈmɛni əv ðə mɔr ˈdæmɪŋ ˈpæsɪʤɪz frəm ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər), ɛˈsɛnʃəli ə pɔɪnt əˈbaʊt ˈmɔrəl ˈhæzərd ənd ðəs nɑt soʊ məʧ ən ˈɑrgjəmənt əˈgɛnst ˈhɛlpɪŋ ðə pur ɛz səʧ ɛz ɪt ɪz ən ˈɑrgjəmənt əˈgɛnst ˌɪnɪˈfɛktɪv hɛlp tɪ ðə pur. ðə aɪˈdiə ɪz ðət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, prəˈtɛktɪŋ ˈpipəl frəm ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv bæd dɪˈsɪʒənz ˌɪnədˈvərtəntli ɪnˈkərəʤəz ðɛm tɪ meɪk mɔr bæd dɪˈsɪʒənz ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər ənd ðəs ðət ˈɛfərts tɪ rɪˈliv ˈsəfərɪŋ ɪn ðə ˌʃɔrtˈtərm kən lɛd tɪ ˈivɪn mɔr ˈsəfərɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm. tɪ teɪk ðɪs fækt ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ɪn ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ wɪn, hum, ənd haʊ tɪ hɛlp ɪz noʊ saɪn əv ˈkæləsnəs; ˌɪnˈdid, tɪ nɑt teɪk ɪt ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt wʊd bi ˌɪrəˈspɑnsəbəl. ˈsɛkənd, ˈraɪtɪŋz (məʧ laɪk ðoʊz əv kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri lək egalitarians*) rɪˈflɛkt wət hi sɔ tɪ bi ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈmɔrəl ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ˈsəfərɪŋ ðət ɪz du tɪ ʧæns ənd ˈsəfərɪŋ ðət ɪz du tɪ ʧɔɪs. ðoʊz hu ˈsəfər bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr oʊn bæd ˈʧɔɪsɪz, ˈsəmnər θɔt, hæv noʊ kleɪm əv ˈʤəstɪs ɔn ˈəðərz fər rɪˈlif. bət θɪŋz ər ˈdɪfərənt ɪn ðə keɪs əv ðoʊz hu ˈsəfər θru noʊ fɔlt əv ðɛr oʊn. wɪn ɑr ˈfɛloʊ mɛn du ðə bɛst ðeɪ kən ənd ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs ˈsəfər bɪˈkəz əv bæd lək, ˈsəmnər θɪŋks, wi hæv ə ˈmɔrəl (ɪf ˈlɪmɪtɪd ənd nɑt ˈligəli ɛnˈfɔrsəbəl) ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən tɪ kəm tɪ ðɛr eɪd. ˌɪnˈdid, ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈʧæptər əv wət ˈsoʊʃəl ˈklæsɪz oʊ tɪ iʧ ˈəðər, ˈtaɪtəld, wi ʃʊd ləv wən əˈnəðər," ˈsəmnər goʊz ˈivɪn ˈfərðər ənd kleɪmz səˈpraɪzɪŋli! ðət ðɪs ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ɪkˈstɛndz ˈivɪn tɪ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz hu ˈsəfər bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr oʊn bæd ˈʧɔɪsɪz. wi meɪ ɛz ˈkuli ənd kərˈɛktli ɛz wi ʧuz əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈdutiz ənd əˈbaʊt ðə lɔz əv raɪt ˈlɪvɪŋ; noʊ wən əv ˈjuˈɛs lɪvz əp tɪ wət hi noʊz. ðə mæn strək baɪ ðə ˈfɑlɪŋ tri həz, pərˈhæps, bɪn ˈkɛrlɛs. wi ər ɔl ˈkɛrlɛs. ɛz wi ər baɪ rɪsks ənd ˈpɛrəlz, wɪʧ bɪˈfɔl ˈjuˈɛs ɛz mɪsˈfɔrʧənz, noʊ mæn əv ˈjuˈɛs ɪz ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən tɪ seɪ, "aɪ noʊ ɔl ðə lɔz, ənd æm ʃʊr tɪ oʊˈbeɪ ðɛm ɔl; ˈðɛrˌfɔr aɪ ʃæl ˈnɛvər nid eɪd ənd ˈsɪmpəθi." æt ðə ˈvɛri bɛst, wən əv ˈjuˈɛs feɪlz ɪn wən weɪ ənd əˈnəðər ɪn əˈnəðər, ɪf wi du nɑt feɪl ˌɔltəˈgɛðər. ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðə mæn ˈəndər ðə tri ɪz ðə wən əv ˈjuˈɛs hu fər ðə ˈmoʊmənt ɪz sˈmɪtən. ɪt meɪ bi ju təˈmɑˌroʊ, ənd aɪ nɛkst deɪ. ɪt ɪz ðə ˈkɑmən ˈfreɪlti ɪn ðə mɪst əv ə ˈkɑmən ˈpɛrəl wɪʧ gɪvz ˈjuˈɛs ə kaɪnd əv ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst tɪ ˈrɛskju ðə wən fər hum ðə ˈʧænsɪz əv laɪf hæv tərnd aʊt ˈbædli ʤɪst naʊ. ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə ˈvɪktɪm ɪz tɪ bleɪm. hi ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪz soʊ. ə ˈlɛkʧər tɪ ðət ˈifɛkt ɪn ðə ˈkraɪsəs əv hɪz ˈpɛrəl wʊd bi aʊt əv pleɪs, bɪˈkəz ɪt wʊd nɑt fɪt ðə nid əv ðə ˈmoʊmənt; bət ɪt wʊd bi ˈvɛri məʧ ɪn pleɪs æt əˈnəðər taɪm, wɪn ðə nid wɑz tɪ əˈvərt ðə ˌrɛpəˈtɪʃən əv səʧ ən ˈæksədənt tɪ ˈsəmˌbɑdi ɛls. mɛn, ˈðɛrˌfɔr, oʊ tɪ mɛn, ɪn ðə ˈʧænsɪz ənd ˈpɛrəlz əv ðɪs laɪf, eɪd ənd ˈsɪmpəθi, ɔn əˈkaʊnt əv ðə ˈkɑmən pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn ˈjumən ˈfreɪlti ənd ˈfɑli. ˈsəmnər goʊz ɔn tɪ seɪ ðət ðɪs ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən ɪz beɪst ɪn ə "lɔ əv ˈsɪmpəθi" ðət ˈkænɑt bi meɪd ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ˈɛni "məˈkænɪkəl ənd ˌɪmˈpərsənəl skimz," ðəs ˈrɛləˌgeɪtɪŋ ɪt tɪ ðə rɛlm əv ˈpraɪvət ˈvərʧu ˈrəðər ðən ˈpəblɪk lɔ. bət ə ˈhænˌdaʊt ɪz nɑt ˈrɪli wət ðə pur nid frəm ðə steɪt ˈɛniˌweɪ, ɔn vju. wət ðə pur nid əˈspɛʃəli ðə ˈprudənt ənd ˌɪnˈdəstriəs pur ɪz fər ðə steɪt tɪ gɪt ɪts fʊt ɔf ðɛr nɛks. wət ðə pur nid ɪz ˈlɪbərˌti. ənd ðoʊz əv ˈjuˈɛs hu ər ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən tɪ dɪˈmænd ɪt ɔn ðɛr bɪˈhæf hæv ən ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən tɪ du soʊ. ˈtæksɪz, ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz, ənd riˈstrɪkʃənz əˈpɑn ðə pur, ɪn wərdz, ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə ˈbɪtərəst ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs. ˈɛvəri ˈɑnəst ˈsɪtɪzən əv ə fri steɪt oʊz ɪt tɪ hɪmˈsɛlf, tɪ ðə kəmˈjunɪti, ənd əˈspɛʃəli tɪ ðoʊz hu ər æt wəns wik ənd rɔŋd, tɪ goʊ tɪ ðɛr əˈsɪstəns ənd tɪ hɛlp ˈridrɛs ðɛr rɔŋz. wɛˈnɛvər ə lɔ ər ˈsoʊʃəl ərˈeɪnʤmənt ækts soʊ ɛz tɪ ˈɪnʤər ˈɛni wən, ənd ðət wən ðə ˈhəmbələst, ðɛn ðɛr ɪz ə ˈduti ɔn ðoʊz hu ər ˈstrɔŋgər, ər hu noʊ ˈbɛtər, tɪ dɪˈmænd ənd faɪt fər ˈridrɛs ənd kərˈɛkʃən. wɪn ˈʤɛnərəˌlaɪzd ðɪs minz ðət ɪt ɪz ðə ˈduti əv (ðət ɪz, ðə steɪt) tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ˈʤəstɪs fər ɔl, frəm ðə list tɪ ðə ˈgreɪtəst, ənd ɪn ɔl ˈmætərz. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvɪʒən əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʤəstɪs ər, æt list, ðə ˈmɪnəməm rɪkˈwaɪrmənts əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʤəstɪs ɔn wɪʧ ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈgri. ɛnd noʊts zvəˈlɪnski, mæt, "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʤəstɪs: ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər ɔn ɑr ˈdutiz tɪ ðə pur" (ˈeɪprəl 13 2015 ɪn kəˈmɪlə ˈbɔɪsən ənd ˈmæθju ˈməri, eds*., dɪˈstrɪbjutɪv ˈʤəstɪs dəˈbeɪts ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl θɔt: pərˈspɛktɪvz ɔn ˈfaɪndɪŋ ə fɛr ʃɛr (ˈraʊtlɪʤ, 2015 əˈveɪləbəl æt ˈrɪʧərd, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən θɔt, wɪθ ə nu ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən baɪ ˈɛrɪk ˈfoʊnər (ˈbɔstən: ˈbikən prɛs, 1992 ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv wərk həz bɪn ˈnoʊtɪd baɪ ˈvərʧuəli ɔl hɪˈstɔriənz əv "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm," səʧ ɛz ˈdɑnəld ˈbɛləmi, "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm, riˈvɪzətɪd," ɪn pərˈspɛktɪvz ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri ɛnz. 1 1984 ənd ˈtɑməs ˈlɛnərd, "ˈɔrəʤɪnz əv ðə mɪθ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm: ðə æmˈbɪgjuəs ˈlɛgəsi əv ˈrɪʧərd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən θɔt," ˈʤərnəl əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk bɪˈheɪvjər ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən 71 noʊ. 1 2009 ˈʤɛfri æˈnælɪsɪs, wɪʧ ˈtreɪsɪz juz əv ðə tərm ˌbiˈfɔr ənd ˈæftər ðə 1940s*, rɪˈvilz ən ɪkˈsploʊʒən ɪn ðə tərmz ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti ˈfɑloʊɪŋ wərk. si ˈhɑʤsən, "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɪn ˈængləˌfoʊn ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈʤərnəlz: ə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə tərm," ˈʤərnəl əv hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi vol*. 17 noʊ. 4 2004 əˈspɛʃəli ˈbɛləmi 1984 ˈsərˌveɪz ðə ˈvɛriəs ənd kənˈflɪktɪŋ (bət ˈɔlˌweɪz pəˈʤɔrətɪv) ˈminɪŋz ðət hæv bɪn əˈtæʧt tɪ ðə freɪz. fər ðə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈtrəbəlɪŋ kənfˈjuʒən bɪtˈwin ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɛz səˈpɔrt fər juˈʤɛnɪks ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɛz səˈpɔrt fər ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr, si ˈtɑməs si. ˈlɛnərd, "mɪˈsteɪkɪŋ juˈʤɛnɪks fər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm: waɪ juˈʤɛnɪks ɪz ˈmɪsɪŋ frəm ðə ˈhɪstəri əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks," ˈhɪstəri əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi 37 2005 ʤɔrʤ eɪʧ. smɪθ, "wɪl ðə ril ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər pliz stænd əp?" ɪn ˈeɪθiˌɪzəm, eɪn rænd, ənd ˈəðər (nu jɔrk: prəˈmiˌθiəs bʊks, 1991 pp*. ərˈɪʤənəli ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˌrivˈju (dɛk. 1978 ˈtɑməs si. ˈlɛnərd, "ˈɔrəʤɪnz əv ðə mɪθ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm: ðə æmˈbɪgjuəs ˈlɛgəsi əv ˈrɪʧərd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən θɔt," ˈʤərnəl əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk bɪˈheɪvjər ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən 71 2009 ˈɔnˌlaɪn <http://www.princeton.edu/~tleonard/papers/myth.pdf*>.; ənd zvəˈlɪnski, mæt, "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʤəstɪs: ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər ɔn ɑr ˈdutiz tɪ ðə pur" (ˈeɪprəl 13 2015 ɪn kəˈmɪlə ˈbɔɪsən ənd ˈmæθju ˈməri, eds*., dɪˈstrɪbjutɪv ˈʤəstɪs dəˈbeɪts ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl θɔt: pərˈspɛktɪvz ɔn ˈfaɪndɪŋ ə fɛr ʃɛr (ˈraʊtlɪʤ, 2015 əˈveɪləbəl æt ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, "ðə sərˈvaɪvəl əv ðə ˈfɪtəst," ɪn ɔn ˈlɪbərˌti, soʊˈsaɪɪti, ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks: ðə ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈraɪtɪŋz əv ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, ɛd. ˈrɑbərt si. ˈbænɪstər (ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs, ɪn: ˈlɪbərˌti fənd, 1992 ˈsəmnər, "səm ˈnæʧərəl raɪts," ɪn ˈælbərt ˈgæloʊˌweɪ ˈkɛlər, ɛd., ənd ˈəðər ˈɛˌseɪz (nu ˈheɪvən, kɔrt: jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1914 si fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər, pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz, biɪŋ pɑrt vi əv ðə ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi (ðə kənˈkludɪŋ ˈpɔrʃən əv vol*. ii*) (ˈləndən: ˈwɪljəmz ənd norgate*, 1882 ənd guˈstɑvi də ˌmɔləˈnɑri, ðə soʊˈsaɪɪti əv təˈmɑˌroʊ: ə ˈfɔrˌkæst əv ɪts pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən, ɛd. ˈhɑʤsən præt ənd ˈfrɛdrɪk passy*, trænz. p.h*. li ˈwɔrnər (nu jɔrk: g.p*. ˈpətnəmz sənz, 1904 ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, "ðə ˈkɑŋkwɛst əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts baɪ speɪn," ɪn ˈælbərt ˈgæloʊˌweɪ ˈkɛlər, ɛd., wɔr ənd ˈəðər ˈɛˌseɪz (nu ˈheɪvən, kɔrt: jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1919 kwoʊt ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, "ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz əv ðə ˈnoʊʃənz əv ˌɛvəˈluʃən ənd ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɔn ðə doʊˈmeɪn," ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər kəˈlɛkʃən, jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈlaɪbrɛˌri. ˈsaɪtɪd ɪn ˈnɔrmən ˈɛrɪk smɪθ, "ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər ɛz ən," ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌrivˈju, vol*. 22 noʊ. 3 (ˌʤuˈlaɪ, 1979 ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, "ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn," ɪn ˈælbərt ˈgæloʊˌweɪ ˈkɛlər, ɛd., ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn ənd ˈəðər ˈɛˌseɪz (nu ˈheɪvən, kɔrt: jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1918 246 ibid*., 246 ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, "dɪˈmɑkrəsi ənd plutocracy*," ɪn ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, ənd ˈəðər ˈɛˌseɪz. ɛd. ˈælbərt ˈgæloʊˌweɪ ˈkɛlər (nu ˈheɪvən: jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1913 pi. 295 ˈælbərt ʤeɪ nɑk, ɑr ˈɛnəmi, ðə steɪt (nu jɔrk, ˈdəbəlju. ˈmɔroʊ ˈkəmpəˌni, 1935 ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt ˈsəmnər, "ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn," 234 ibid*., 235 ibid*., 247 ɔn si wət ɪz sin ənd wət ɪz nɑt sin 1850 ənd ˈɛˌseɪ "ɔn ðə ˈvælju, ɛz ə ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈprɪnsəpəl, əv ðə rul tɪ maɪnd wənz oʊn ˈbɪznɪs" ɪn ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, wət ˈsoʊʃəl ˈklæsɪz oʊ tɪ iʧ ˈəðər, (nu jɔrk: ˈhɑrpər ənd ˈbrəðərz, 1911 ibid*., 239 ibid*., 248 ibid*., lippert-rasmussen*, ˈkæspər, "ˈʤəstɪs ənd bæd lək", ðə ˈstænfərd ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpidiə əv fəˈlɑsəfi (ˈsəmər 2014 ɪˈdɪʃən), ˈɛdwərd ɛn. (ɛd.), <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2014/entries/justice-bad-luck*/>. ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, wət ˈsoʊʃəl ˈklæsɪz oʊ tɪ iʧ ˈəðər (nu jɔrk: ˈhɑrpər ˈbrəðərz ˈpəblɪʃərz, 1883 ibid*., 160 ibid*., rɪˈspɑnsɪz ənd critiques↩*↩ 1 ˈfɑbioʊ ˈroʊhɑs, "ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər ənd ðə ɪˈklɪps əv ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈθɪri" [ˈpoʊstɪd: ˌʤuˈlaɪ 5 laɪk ˈmɛni ˌɪntəˈlɛkʧuəlz əv hɪz ˈɪrə, ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər wɑz ə ˈklæsɪkəl ˈlɪˌbərəl hu ˈfeɪvərd ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr ənd ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈgəvərnmənt. stɪl, ðiz ˌɪntəˈlɛkʧuəlz feɪst ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən, ənd ˈklæsɪkəl ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm wɑz ə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl pəˈzɪʃən. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, baɪˈɑgrəfi æt ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑʤɪkəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən (ˈɑsə) noʊts ðət ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv jeɪl ˈkɑlɪʤ əˈbʤɛktəd tɪ juz əv ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsərz tɛkst ɪn ə klæs ənd ˈsəmnər wɑz fɔrst tɪ drɔp ðə bʊk. ˈleɪtər, ˈsəmnər keɪm aʊt ˈstrɔŋli əˈgɛnst ðə wɔr, wɪʧ wɑz ə ˈpɑpjələr wɔr æt ðə taɪm. ˈsəmnər həz peɪd ˈdɪrli fər hɪz dɪˈfɛns əv ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr. hi wɑz ə ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈɑsə ənd ˈɔθər əv ə ˈsɛmənəl tɛkst əv ˈərli əˈmɛrɪkən ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi, bət ˈsəmnər ɪz naʊ fərˈgɑtən baɪ ɔl ɪkˈsɛpt fər ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl hɪˈstɔriənz. ˈivɪn wərs, wɪn hi ɪz ˈmɛnʃənd, ɪt ɪz ən əˈdhɪrənt əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm, ə dɪˈskrɛdɪtɪd ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi. ðəs, wi ʃʊd ˈwɛlkəm mæt ˈɛˌseɪ, wɪʧ dɛlvz ˈɪntu ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, bət naʊ fərˈgɑtən, ˈfɪgjər əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsoʊʃəl θɔt. ˈɛˌseɪ ɪgˈzæmənz ˈɑrgjəmənts əˈgɛnst ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr steɪt ənd traɪz tɪ seɪv ɪm frəm ˈkrɪtɪks hu kɔl ɪm ə ˈsoʊʃəl. ðə ˈɛˌseɪ ˈreɪzɪz ə ˈnəmbər əv pɔɪnts ðət bɛr rɪˈpitɪŋ ənd ˌriɪnˈfɔrsɪŋ. fərst, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɪz naʊ ɪmˈplɔɪd ɛz ə veɪg ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl slər. ɔn ðɪs pɔɪnt, zvəˈlɪnski kərˈɛktli noʊts ðət ðə tərm ɪz ˈrɛrli dɪˈfaɪnd ənd ˈbrɔdli ˌoʊvərˈjuzd. ˈsɛkənd, zvəˈlɪnski pɔɪnts aʊt ðət ˈkrɪtɪks kənˈfleɪt tu θɪŋz: ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr steɪt ənd ðə bɪˈlif ðət pur ˈpipəl ər ˌɪnˈfɪriər. ðɪs ɪz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪˈkəz ˈsoʊʃəl θɔt ɪz nɑt anti-poor*. ˈrəðər, moʊst ˈklæsɪkəl ˈlɪˌbərəlz əˈpoʊz ˈsoʊʃəl ˈprɪvɪˌlɪʤɪz, ənd ðeɪ tɛnd tɪ θɪŋk ðət ðə pur ər hɛlpt baɪ ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ɪˈkɑnəmi bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ. θərd, zvəˈlɪnski ˈkaʊntərz ˈkrɪtɪks hu θɪŋk ðət ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri kleɪmz ˌɪmˈplaɪ ˈnɔrmətɪv kleɪmz. ˈmɪrli seɪɪŋ ðət ə ˈsoʊʃəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ɪz "fɪt" ɪz nɑt ən ˈɛθɪkəl ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən, ˈɛni mɔr ðən seɪɪŋ ən ˈɔrgəˌnɪzəm ðət sərˈvaɪvz ɪz ˈɛθɪkəli suˈpɪriər tɪ ˈəðərz. dɪˈfɛns əv ˈsəmnər ɪz kəˈmɛndəbəl. ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri ˈkɑmən tɪ faɪnd ˈmɑdərn ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl hɪˈstɔriənz hu ˈblaɪθli dɪsˈmɪs ˈθɪŋkərz laɪk ˈsəmnər. ðə ʧɑrʤ əv ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɪz nɑt ənˈlaɪk ðə ˈmɑdərn ˌækjəˈzeɪʃən əv "neoliberalism*," əˈnəðər tæg ðət ɪz juzd tɪ dɪsˈmɪs ˈɑrgjəmənt wɪθ veɪg ənd θˈrɛtənɪŋ tərmz. zvəˈlɪnski ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ tɪ bi kəˈmɛndɪd fər rɪˈkəvərɪŋ krɪˈtik əv ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən: səʧ ə ˈpɑləsi həz ˌənɪnˈtɛndɪd ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz ənd ˈprɑbləmz. ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspɑns aɪd laɪk tɪ dɛlv ˈɪntu ə fju ˈɪʃuz reɪzd baɪ ˈɛˌseɪ. fərst, aɪ wɔnt tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ɪn mɔr ˈditeɪl ðə sɔrt əv ˈsoʊʃəl θɔt ðət ˈθɪŋkərz laɪk ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər ənd ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər wər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ɪn ðə leɪt ˈsɛnʧəri. ˈsɛkənd, aɪ wɔnt tɪ ˈbrifli dɪˈskəs ðə ˈlænˌskeɪp əv ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi æt ðə taɪm tɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðə ˈfɔrsɪz ðət wər ɪˈroʊdɪŋ ðə əˈpil əv ˈklæsɪkəl ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ɪn ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl laɪf. ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns bɔrn ˈsəmnər wɑz moʊst ˈæktɪv ɪn ðə leɪt ənd ˈərli. hɪz ˈmeɪʤər wərk, ˈfoʊkˌweɪz, wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 1907 ənd rɪˈflɛkts ɪts ˈɪrə ɪn tu ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt weɪz. fərst, ɪt ˈprɛzənts soʊˈsaɪɪti ɛz ə væst, dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˈstrəkʧər. ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ ðə vju, ˈsəmnər dɪz nɑt si soʊˈsaɪɪti ɛz ˈɔrdərd baɪ ə ˈsɑvrən. nɔr dɪz hi əˈdɑpt ðə əˈproʊʧ ðət pʊts ðə ˌbʊrʒˌwɑˈzi æt ðə ˈsɛnər əv ðə ˈsɪstəm. hi siz soʊˈsaɪɪti ɛz ʃeɪpt baɪ ðə ˈfɔrsɪz əv səˈlɛkʃən ənd ˌædəpˈteɪʃən. wən əv ðə ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv ˈɑrgjəmənts əv ˈfoʊkˌweɪz ɪz ðət steɪt ˈpɑləsiz wɪl ˈoʊnli sərˈvaɪv ɪf ðeɪ ər kəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ ˈloʊkəl kəmˈjunɪti nɔrmz. ˈpɑləsiz ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbəl wɪθ ˈloʊkəl nɔrmz du nɑt sərˈvaɪv. əv ɔl ˈɪnˌsaɪts, ɪt ɪz ðɪs ðət sərˈvaɪvz ɪn ˈmɑdərn ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪkˈspleɪnz haʊ ˌbjʊrəˈkrætɪk ˈeɪʤənsiz ər ʃeɪpt baɪ ðə ˈlɑrʤər soʊˈsaɪɪti. ðə ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn soʊˈsaɪɪti ɛz ən ɪˈvɑlvd ˈɔrdər ɪz kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ˈspɛnsərz ənd ɛf. ə. wərk. təˈgɛðər, ðiz ˈɔθərz wər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ðə aɪˈdiə ðət steɪts kænt ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛrəli ˌɪntərˈvin ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd ðət səm sɔrt əv ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈprɔˌsɛs dɪˈfaɪnz ðə ˈsoʊʃəl wərld. ðə ɪkˈsprɛʃən ɪz positivist*, bət ðə ˈsɛnəmənt ɪz burkean*. ðəs, ɪn ðə ˈərli, ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks wər pərʧt ɔn ə seɪm lɛʤ. bɔrn əv ˌɛnˈlaɪtənmənt ˈdɪskɔrs ɔn ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv treɪd ənd vjuɪŋ ðə ˈmɑrkɪt, ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti mɔr ˈʤɛnərəli, ɛz ən ˈɔrdərd, bət ɔrˈgænɪk ˈsɪstəm, ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪənsɪz wər ˈrɛdi tɪ groʊ ˈɪntu ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈeɪkɪn tɪ ɪˈkɑləʤi, ə saɪəns ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪŋ ə hoʊˈlɪstɪk əˈproʊʧ tɪ kəmˈjunɪtiz. ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns dɪˈnaɪd ɛz ˈmɛni ˈridərz noʊ, ðə ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd baɪ ˈsəmnər ənd ˈspɛnsər sun fɛl əˈweɪ. naʊ, boʊθ rɪˈmeɪn əbˈskjʊr ɪn ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi. ˈtælkət ˈpɑrsənz, ðə ˈtaɪtən əv ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi, ˈfeɪməsli ˈstɑrtɪd wən əv hɪz bʊks wɪθ: "hu naʊ ridz ˈspɛnsər?" rɪˈtɔrɪkəl kˈwɛʃən ˈrɛzəˌneɪtɪd wɪθ ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪsts bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈklɛvərli əˈludəd tɪ ðə rɪˈʤɛkʃən əv ənd ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈdɪsəplən. ðə ˈrizənz fər ðə dɪˈmaɪz əv ˈsəmnər ənd ˈspɛnsər ɪn ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi ər ˈkɑmplɛks, ənd ɪt wʊd nɑt bi ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ˈfʊli ɪkˈsplɔr ðɛm hir. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wən maɪt kənˈsəlt ˈrisənt ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp ɔn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns fər kluz. kənˈsɪdər ðə ˈskɑlər dɪˈnaɪd, ˈmɔrɪsɪz ˈstədi əv ðə laɪf ənd ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈlɛgəsi əv w.e.b*. duˈbɔɪs. ɪn ˌriˈkaʊntɪŋ ki ˈmoʊmənts frəm laɪf, ˈmɔrɪs dɪˈskraɪbz haʊ duˈbɔɪs rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ ˈspɛnsərz ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi. æt ən ˈərli ˈmitɪŋ əv ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈrisərʧərz, duˈbɔɪs hərd ˈpeɪpərz pərˈzɛnəd ɔn ˈspɛnsərz ˈθɪri ənd hi faʊnd ˈmɛni ˈprɑbləmz. ðə meɪn wən wɑz ðət ðə ˈθɪri wɑz tu ˈæbˌstrækt, nɑt ˈgraʊndɪd ɪn ˈɛvriˈdeɪ laɪf, ənd nɑt ˈsutɪd fər ˈsoʊʃəl ʧeɪnʤ. ðɪs wɑz ə ˈfeɪtəl flɔ bɪˈkəz ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi fər duˈbɔɪs ənd ˈəðərz ʃʊd bi juzd tɪ ˈstədi reɪs riˈleɪʃənz ənd prəˈmoʊt ˈreɪʃəl ɪkˈwɑləti. rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˈspɛnsər ənd ˈəðər əv ðə deɪ səˈʤɛsts ə ˈstɔri əv waɪ ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns wɑz rɪˈʤɛktɪd. moʊst dɪˈfɛndɪd ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr, ɛz ˈspɛnsər, ˈsəmnər, ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðərz dɪd. baɪ ˈtɛmpərmənt, ˈmɛni prəˈgrɛsɪv ˌɪntəˈlɛkʧuəlz kʊd nɑt ˈstəmək ə ˈθɪri əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˌɪntəˈlɛkʧuəlz. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ˈmɛni ˌɪntəˈlɛkʧuəlz əv ðə deɪ dɪd əˈdɑpt vjuz əˈlɛʤɪŋ ˈreɪʃəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz, wɪʧ duˈbɔɪs ənd ˈəðərz rɪˈʤɛktɪd. bət ˈsɛkənd, ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈsoʊʃəl ˈθɪri, ɛz dɪˈvɛləpt baɪ ðɪs ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən, dɪd nɑt ˈɔfər ˈɛni ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk ˈstændˌpɔɪnt fər krɪˈtikɪŋ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz. tɪ ˈfʊli ˌəndərˈstænd ðɪs pɔɪnt, kənˈsɪdər haʊ ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈθɪri maɪt hæv əˈlaɪnd wɪθ ˈɛθɪkəl ənd ˈpɑzətɪv kənˈsərnz. fər duˈbɔɪs, ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈprɑbləm ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪz ˈreɪʃəl dɪˈvɪʒən. hi ˈfeɪməsli roʊt ðət ðə ˈprɑbləm ðət ðə ˈprɑbləm əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri ɪz ðə ˈprɑbləm əv ðə ˈkələr laɪn. hɪz ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns wɑz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈmɛʒər ənd kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪ blæk kəmˈjunɪtiz ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ ˈəndərˌmaɪn ðə ˈnɛrətɪv əv blæk ˌɪnfɪriˈɔrɪˌti. ðə, laɪk ˈsəmnər, kən ˈoʊnli mit duˈbɔɪs ˈhæfˈweɪ æt bɛst. ɔn səm ki ˈɪʃuz, duˈbɔɪs ənd ˈsəmnər wər ɪn kəmˈplit əˈgrimənt. ðeɪ wər ənd anti-colonialists*. ˈmeɪbi ˈsəmnər ənd duˈbɔɪs maɪt hæv əˈgrid ðət steɪts kən bi koʊˈɑptəd baɪ ˈreɪʃəli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ˈɪntərɪsts. ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl ɪn wərk tɪ səˈʤɛst ðət hi kənˈsɪdərd ðə ˈɪʃuz reɪzd baɪ ˈsəmnər, bət ɛz ə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst duˈbɔɪs maɪt hæv əˈpriʃiˌeɪtɪd haʊ ˈpraɪvət ˈɪntərɪsts kʊd səbˈvərt ˈpəblɪk ˈpɑləsi. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈmeɪʤər ˈdɪfərənsɪz ˈimərʤ kˈwɪkli. duˈbɔɪs wʊd hæv ˈɑrgjud ðət steɪts ʃʊd ˌɪntərˈvin tɪ ˈəndərˌmaɪn ðə ˈkələr laɪn. ˈɔlsoʊ, hi wʊd hæv bɪn ə strɔŋ ˈkrɪtɪk əv ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ðət prəˈmoʊtəd blæk ˌɪnfɪriˈɔrɪˌti, laɪk ðə ˈmidiə, wɪʧ ɪn hɪz vju ˈdiməˌnaɪzd blæks. ɪn ˈkɑntræst, ən maɪt bi ˈtɛmptɪd tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ˈreɪsɪst ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ər tɪ θɪŋk ðət ðeɪ ˈmɛrɪtɪd ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈlɪtəl əˈtɛnʃən. tɪ ˈsəmərˌaɪz, ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈθɪri ɪz ˈɔfən vjud ɛz ə ˈθɪri fər ðə krɪˈtik əv steɪts bət nɑt əv ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz. wət duˈbɔɪs ənd ˈəðər prəˈgrɛsɪv ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪsts sik ɪz ə weɪ tɪ ˈænəˌlaɪz ənd ˈmɪtəˌgeɪt ˈsoʊʃəl ˌɪnɪkˈwɑlɪtiz. ˈivɪn ˈsɛtɪŋ əˈsaɪd ðɛr ˈɛθɪkəl ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈmɑrkɪts (e.g*., duˈbɔɪs bɪˈgæn hɪz kərɪr ɛz ə ˈmɑrksɪst ənd ˈɛndɪd hɪz laɪf ən ˌənrɪˈpɛntənt ˈstɑlɪnɪst), ɪt ɪz hɑrd tɪ si haʊ ˈθɪri wʊd bi brɔd ər ˈflɛksəbəl ɪˈnəf tɪ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ðə nidz əv ən ˈæktɪvɪst ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns. ðɪs ɪz nɑt tɪ seɪ ðət ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪz ˈæbsənt frəm ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi fɑr frəm ɪt. ˈərbən ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪsts kənˈsɪstəntli dɪˈskraɪb ˈərbən kəmˈjunɪtiz ɛz dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd bət ˈfəŋkʃənəl kəmˈjunɪtiz. ˈeɪməs ˈhɔli ˈfɔrməˌlaɪzd ðɪs wɪθ hɪz ˈθɪri əv ˈjumən ɪˈkɑləʤi. ˈleɪtər, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈrisərʧərz bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈmɛʒər kəmˈjunɪtiz ɛz dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd wɛbz əv ˌɪnərˈækʃən, wɪʧ wʊd hæv brɔt ə smaɪl tɪ feɪs. stɪl, ðiz aɪˈdiəz ər nɑt kənˈsɪdərd kɔr ˈɛləmənts əv ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ. ˈrəðər, ðeɪ əˈpɪr ɪn ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp ɔn spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈtɑpɪks səʧ ɛz ˈərbən ˈstədiz ər ˈpərsɪnəl ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. kənˈkluʒən mæt zvəˈlɪnski həz dən ə ˈsərvɪs baɪ ˈɛkskəˌveɪtɪŋ θɔt ənd ˈrɛskjuɪŋ ɪt frəm ðə ˈleɪzi ʧɑrʤ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm. ˈsəmnər ɪz rɪˈvild tɪ bi ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ θiərɪst. hi həz ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlpt ðə ˈridər ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪzɪŋ spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈproʊˌgræmz ənd aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz bɪlt ˈɪntu ðɛm ɪz nɑt ðə seɪm ɛz pəˈzɛsɪŋ ˈprɛʤədɪs əˈgɛnst ðoʊz hu ər lɛs ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli ˈfɔrʧənət. stɪl, ˈivɪn ɪf wi əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ˈsəmnər ɪn ðɪs laɪt, wi kən æsk waɪ ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns ənd ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl riˈtritɪd frəm ðə ˈspɑˌtlaɪt əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl laɪf. pɑrt əv ðə ˈænsər laɪz ɪn ðə dɪˈspjut ˈoʊvər ðə ˌmɔˈræləˌti əv ˈmɑrkɪts, ənd pɑrt laɪz ɪn ðə ˈlɪmɪtɪd əˈbɪləˌti əv ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈθɪri tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈrisɔrsɪz fər ˈæktɪvɪst ˈskɑlərz. əˈmɛrɪkən ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑʤɪkəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, "ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər," noʊ deɪt. <http://www.asanet.org/about-asa/asa-story/asa-history/past-asa-officers/past-asa-presidents/william-g-sumner*> "ðə ˈkɑŋkwɛst əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts baɪ speɪn" 1898 ɪn ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, wɔr ənd ˈəðər ˈɛˌseɪz, ɛd. ˈælbərt ˈgæloʊˌweɪ ˈkɛlər (nu ˈheɪvən: jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1919 ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl ɛz ə stænd əˈloʊn ˈɛˌseɪ: ðə bɛst əv ðə noʊ. 11 ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, "ðə ˈkɑŋkwɛst əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts baɪ speɪn" 1898 (ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs, ɪn: ˈlɪbərˌti fənd, 2013 fər ən ɪkˈstɛndɪd dɪˈskəʃən əv wərk ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns ðət ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˈɔrdər, si ˈɛlən ˈfræŋkəl pɔl, "ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm, ˌənɪnˈtɛndɪd ˈɔrdərz ənd." pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈstədiz 1988 36 fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈsəmnər sɪz ðət lɔz məst ˈimərʤ frəm ðə ˈmɔˌriz əv soʊˈsaɪɪti. "ækts əv ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən kəm aʊt frəm ˈmɔˌriz." hi ˈɔlsoʊ steɪts ðət "ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, həz tɪ sik ðə ˈstændɪŋ ɔn ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈmɔˌriz, ənd ɪt sun bɪˈkəmz əˈpɛrənt ðət ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən, tɪ bi strɔŋ, məst bi kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðə ˈmɔˌriz." ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, ˈfoʊkˌweɪz: ə ˈstədi əv ðə ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˈjusɪʤɪz, ˈmænərz, ˈkəstəmz, ˈmɔˌriz, ənd ˈmɔrəlz (ˈbɔstən: ʤɪn ˈkəmpəˌni, 1907 55 ˈtælkət ˈpɑrsənz, ðə ˈstrəkʧər əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈækʃən (nu jɔrk: fri prɛs, 1983 1937 3 ˈmɔrɪs, ðə ˈskɑlər dɪˈnaɪd: w.e.b*. duˈbɔɪs ənd ðə bərθ əv ˈmɑdərn ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi. (ˈoʊklənd: ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə prɛs. 2015 25 ˈpitər fraɪər, steɪɪŋ paʊər: ðə ˈhɪstəri əv blæk ˈpipəl ɪn ˈbrɪtən (ˈləndən: ˈplutoʊ prɛs, 1984 285 w.e.b*. duˈbɔɪs, "blæk ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən ənd ðə ˈreɪʃəl weɪʤ," ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈθɪri: ðə ˌməltiˈkəlʧərəl ənd ˈklæsɪk ˈridɪŋz, ɛd. ˈʧɑrəlz (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə: prɛs, 2010 duˈbɔɪs ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ɪn ðə saʊθ ðət "ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ɔn nuz ðət ˈflætərd pur waɪts ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈətərli ˌɪgˈnɔrd ðə ˈnigroʊ ɪkˈsɛpt ɪn kraɪm ənd ˈrɪdəˌkjul." 244 e.g*., ˈʤɛrəld ˈsətəlz, ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɔrdər əv ðə sləm: ɛθˈnɪsɪti ənd ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ɪn ðə ˈɪnər ˈsɪti (ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ: ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ prɛs, 1968 ˈeɪməs ˈhɔli, ˈjumən ɪˈkɑləʤi: ə ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈɛˌseɪ (ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ: ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ prɛs, 1986 2 ˈfɪlɪp ˈdəbəlju. məgˈnis, "ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɪn ðə əˈsɔlt ɔn ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr" [ˈpoʊstɪd: ˌʤuˈlaɪ 6 wɪn dɪˈskəst æt ɔl baɪ hɪˈstɔriənz, ˈwɪljəm græm neɪm ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli əˈtæʧt tɪ ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm. ɛz mæt zvəˈlɪnski noʊts ɪn hɪz ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈɛˌseɪ, ðɪs freɪz ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ə pur əv bɪˈlifs ənd dɪˈrɛkli ʧeɪfs wɪθ hɪz ˈhaɪli dɪˈvɛləpt ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəmz əv ˌɪnˈʤəstəsɪz ðət kəm əˈbaʊt θru ənˈskrupjələs steɪt ˈæktərz. ɪt həz ˌnənðəˈlɛs ˈpruvən ə ˈdɪfəkəlt ˌdɛzɪgˈneɪʃən fər ˈsəmnər, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ hɪz ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər, tɪ ʃeɪk. wi oʊ ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn lɑrʤ pɑrt tɪ ðə ˈlæstɪŋ ˈɪnfluəns əv ðə prəˈgrɛsɪv hɪˈstɔriən ˈrɪʧərd, ənd ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli hɪz ˈpɛrɪŋ əv ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt wɪθ əˈnəðər kɔz ðət ˈsəmnər ˈæˌkʧuəli dɪd ˈʧæmpiən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks. ɪn ðɪs sɛns, əˈvərʒən tɪ prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈmɛdəlɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈfridəm əv ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ, ənd ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli hɪz ˈɑrgjəmənts əˈgɛnst steɪt ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ˈrisɔrsɪz, ər sɛd tɪ ˈfɑstər ə ˈsoʊʃəl rul əv ðə "sərˈvaɪvəl əv ðə ˈfɪtəst." ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt ɪz ˈprɛməst ɔn ən ˌɪˈnækjərət dɪˈpɪkʃən, ðɪs ˈpɛrɪŋ simz tɪ wərk ˌɪnˈtuɪtɪvli. ə ˌdɛvəˈti əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌnɑˌnɪntərˈvɛnʃən baɪ ðə steɪt maɪt bi əˈsumd tɪ əˈlaʊ ˌdɑrˈwɪniən ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv ˈnæʧərəl səˈlɛkʃən tɪ dɪˈtərmən ðə ˈsoʊʃəl feɪts əv ðoʊz lɛft bɪˈhaɪnd baɪ ðə ˈmɑrkɪt, rɪˈzɪstɪŋ ˈɛni ˌɪmˈpəls tɪ ækt soʊ ðət "ˈneɪʧər" meɪ teɪk ɪts kɔrs. ðɪs vju ɪz æt bɛst ə groʊs oʊvərˈsɪmplɪfɪˌkeɪʃən ɪf nɑt mɪsˌrɛprɪzɛnˈteɪʃən, jɛt ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv əv ə ˈkɑmən ˈrɛdɪŋ əv ˈsəmnər əˈməŋ hɪˈstɔriənz. ðə ˌɪˈnækjərəsi əv ðɪs ɪz ɔl ðə mɔr ˈtrəbəlɪŋ kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðət ˈsəmnər ɪnˈdɛvərd æt lɛŋθ tɪ kərˈɛkt ɪt ɪn hɪz oʊn taɪm. ɛz ˈsəmnər ˈnoʊtɪd ɪn ən 1886 ˈriˌtɔrt tɪ ˈsoʊʃəlɪst mɪsˈjuz əv ðə tərm, ɪz soʊ fɑr frəm ˈminɪŋ ðə ˌənriˈstreɪnd ˈækʃən əv ˈneɪʧər wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns baɪ mæn, ðət ɪt ˈrɪli minz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈræʃənəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ˈjumən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ ðə əˈsɪstəns əv ˈnæʧərəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt." tɪ ˈɪləˌstreɪt ðɪs nuɑns, hi ˌɛnˈlɪstɪd ðə ˈmɛtəfɔr əv ˈkəltɪˌveɪtɪŋ ə ˈgɑrdən. wən əˈproʊʧ wʊd bi fər ðə ˈgɑrdənər tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ɪn ədˈvæns "wət hi wɔnts ˈneɪʧər tɪ gɪv" ənd ðɛn pərˈsid "baɪ ðə ˈmɛθəd əv traɪəl ənd ˈfeɪljər tɪ traɪ tɪ meɪk hər kəm əp tɪ hɪz aɪˈdil." ðə ˈsɛkənd əˈproʊʧ moʊst ˈkɛrfəli frəm ˈmɛdəlɪŋ wɪθ [ˈneɪʧər] ənˈtɪl hi həz əbˈzərvd hər laɪnz əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈækʃən, bɪˈkəz hi noʊz ðət ɪf hi ˌɪnərˈfɪrz ˈsunər hi wɪl spɔɪl ðə ˈklɪrnəs ənd əv ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɪʧ ʃi wɪl gɪv ɪm." ðə fərst əˈproʊʧ ɪz ə ˈmænjuəl fər ˈkɪlɪŋ ðə ˈgɑrdən θru ˈhæfəzərdli ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd ˈmɛθədz ðət ɪˈvɪns noʊ əˈwɛrnəs əv ðə ˈgɑrdənz ˈneɪʧər bɪɔnd ə dɪˈzaɪər tɪ kənˈtroʊl ɪts fɔrm. ðə ˈsɛkənd ɪnˈteɪlz ˈlərnɪŋ haʊ tɪ bɛst əˈsɪst ɪts groʊθ ˈæftər əbˈzərvɪŋ ɪts ˈneɪʧər. ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd ˈsɪmələrli, hɛns ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən hi ˈɔfərd: minz: du nɑt ˈmɛdəl; weɪt ənd əbˈzərv. du nɑt ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt; ˈstədi. du nɑt gɪv ˈɔrdərz; bi ˈtiʧəbəl. du nɑt ˈɛnər əˈpɑn ˈɛni ræʃ ɪkˈspɛrəmənts; bi ˈpeɪʃənt ənˈtɪl ju si haʊ ɪt wɪl wərk aʊt." ðə ˌʤəkstəpəˈzɪʃən əv ðɪs ˈvərʒən əv ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr əˈgɛnst ɪts ˈkɛrɪkəˌʧər rɪˈvilz haʊ fɑr ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt həz ˈdrɪftɪd frəm ɪts ˈɔrəʤɪnz, bət ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈoʊnli hæf əv ðə ˈstɔri. ðə əv ðə tərm "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm," ɛz ˈnoʊtɪd baɪ zvəˈlɪnski, həz ɪn pɑrt ɪˈneɪbəld ðɪs ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk juz tɪ pərˈsɪst. aɪ wʊd æd ðət əˈnəðər kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən məst bi ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə kərˈɛktɪv. hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈkrɪtɪks əv ˈprɪnsəpəl, fɑr frəm ˈfaɪtɪŋ bæk əˈgɛnst ən ənˈkɛrɪŋ "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm" ðət lɛft ðə pur ənd ˈnidi tɪ ðə ˈrævɪʤɪz əv ən ənˈfɛtərd ˈmɑrkɪt, wər ˈæˌkʧuəli ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ə ˈsoʊʃəli ˌdɑrˈwɪniən ˈprɑʤɛkt əv ðɛr oʊn, ɔlˈbiɪt əv steɪt dɪˈzaɪn. ðə ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl faɪt əˈgɛnst ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr bɪˈgæn ɪn hɪz oʊn ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm ənd pərˈsɪstɪd θru ðə ˈkeɪnziən əˈsɛndənsi əv ðə greɪt dɪˈprɛʃən. ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə faɪt ðət dru, ɪn noʊ smɔl pɑrt, əˈpɑn ˈnɛgətɪv juˈʤɛnɪks ənd ˈəðər taɪps əv steɪt ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ, ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈprɛmɪs əv wɪʧ ˌɛnˈlɪstɪd ˌdɑrˈwɪniən ˈθɪri ɛz ə tul tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ, kənˈtroʊl, ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli pərʤ "ˌəndɪˈzaɪrəbəl" ˈɛləmənts frəm ˈjumən soʊˈsaɪɪti., tɪ hɪz ˈkrɛdɪt, ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ðɪs kəˈlɛktɪvɪst streɪn əv ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɪn hɪz wərk ənd kənˈtræstəd ɪt wɪθ ðə ˌɪndɪvɪˈduəlɪst ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən ðət hi əˈsaɪnd tɪ ˈsəmnər, ɛz ˈrisəntli ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd baɪ ðə hɪˈstɔriən ˈtɑməs si. ˈlɛnərd. ɪt həz ɪˈlɪsɪtɪd kəmˈpærətɪvˌli ˈlɪtəl əˈtɛnʃən, ðoʊ, ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ðə slər əˈpɑn ˈsəmnər, ˈspɛnsər, ənd ˈəðər ˈklæsɪkəl ˈlɪˌbərəlz. mɔr soʊ, wɪθ ˈvɛri fju ɪkˈsɛpʃənz, hɪˈstɔriənz hæv ˈlɑrʤli mɪst haʊ ˈɪntɪmətli kəˈnɛktɪd ðɪs kəˈlɛktɪvɪst ˈsoʊʃəl ˌdɑrˈwɪniən keɪs wɑz tɪ ðə ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈɛfərt tɪ kæst əˈsaɪd ˈprɪnsəpəlz frəm ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk θɔt. kənˈsɪdər ə 1936 ˌrɛməˈnɪsəns frəm ˈrɪʧərd ti. ˈilaɪ, ðə ˈlidɪŋ prəˈgrɛsɪv ɪˈkɑnəmɪst bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈfaʊndɪŋ əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən. ˈraɪtɪŋ əv hɪz oʊn ˈimərʤəns frəm ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstədiz ɪn ðə, ˈilaɪ pleɪst hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn ə ˈstrəgəl wɪθ "ə grup əv ˈoʊldər mɛn [hu] hæd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə məˈnɑpəli" ɔn ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks prəˈfɛʃən. ðɛr ræŋks ˌɪnˈkludɪd "prəˈfɛsər ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər əv jeɪl, ˈdeɪvɪd ə. wɛlz, ðə ˈeɪmiəbəl ˈpɛri əv ˈwɪljəmz ˈkɑlɪʤ, ənd ðə bəˈlɪʤərənt ˈsaɪmən ˈnukəm əv ðə ˈneɪvəl əbˈzərvəˌtɔri ənd əv ðə ʤɑnz ˈhɑpkɪnz ˌjunəˈvərsəti," ɛz wɛl ɛz e.l*. ˈgɑdkɪn, ðə ˈɛdɪtər əv ðə ˈneɪʃən ˈmægəˌzin. ɛz ˈilaɪ kənˈtɪnjud, "fri treɪd ənd ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr wər ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈfiʧərz əv ðɛr ˈɔrθəˌdɑksi ənd ˈɔrθəˌdɑks wɑz ə greɪt wərd ɪn ðə ˈərli ˈeɪtiz ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri." hi dɪˈskraɪbd hɪz tæsk ɪn ðə ˈfaʊndɪŋ əv ðə ɛz ən ɪkˈsplɪsət rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðɪs laɪn əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ: aɪ wʊd nɑt wɔnt tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ðɛm ðɛr əv preɪz, bət ɑr nu ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk θɔt dɪˈstərbd ðɛm ənd ðeɪ kənˈsɪdərd ˈjuˈɛs ə ˈmɛnɪs tɪ ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr əv ðə ˈkəntri. ˈʤɛnərəli ˈspikɪŋ, ðeɪ hæd ˈteɪkən ˈoʊvər ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈklæsɪkəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks ɪn ə ˈrəðər ɪkˈstrim fɔrm ənd ðɪs pleɪst ðɛm wɪθ ðoʊz ˈɪŋlɪʃ ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts kɔld baɪ ðə ˈʤərmənz, ðə epigones*. ɪn ɪts pleɪs hi prəˈpoʊzd tɪ teɪk ðə prəˈfɛʃən ɪn ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ə nu "saɪəns" wən ðət ˌɛnˈlɪstɪd ðə steɪt ɛz ə greɪt ˈsoʊʃəl kərˈɛktɪv tɪ ðə ənˈfɛtərd ˈmɑrkɪt. tɪ ðɪs ɛnd, ˈilaɪ əˈdɑptəd ə məʧ ˈgreɪtər ˈtɑlərəns fər prəˈtɛkʃəˌnɪzəm ðən pəˈzɪʃən pərˈmɪtɪd. waɪl ˈsəmnər sɔ ˈtɛrəfs ɛz ə fɑnt əv steɪt ˌridɪstrəˈbjuʃən frəm ðə pur tɪ ðə ˈplɪtɪkli ˈprɪvɪlɪʤd, ˈilaɪ ənd ə ˈnəmbər əv hɪz ˈfɛloʊ prɑˈgrɛsɪvz (ˈsaɪmən ɛn. ˈpætən ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr) pərˈsivd ə tul fər dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ ə ˈnæʃənəl ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈpɑləsi. ðeɪ ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈsɪmələr ˈprɪnsəpəlz tɪ ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən, ˈleɪbər riˈleɪʃənz, ənd ˈmɪnəməm ər "ˈlɪvɪŋ" ˈweɪʤɪz, ˈtritɪŋ ðə steɪt ɛz ə "ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk" ˈtɛmpərɪŋ dɪˈvaɪs tɪ ðə kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˌfləkʧuˈeɪʃənz əv ðə fri ˈmɑrkɪt. bət əˈbəv ɔl, ðɪs "ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk" dɪˈzaɪnərz ˈriˌtɔrt tɪ ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr ˈkɛrid dip ˈəndərˌtoʊnz əv ˈsoʊʃəli ˈmænəʤɪŋ "dɪˈzaɪərəbəl" ˈɛləmənts əv reɪs ənd hərˈɛdəti. ðə ˈprɑdəkt maɪt ləˈʤɪtəmətli bi kɔld ˈsoʊʃəli ˌdɑrˈwɪniən ɪn ə mɔr prɪˈsaɪs ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ðə tərm, bət ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈsəmnər ənd, wɪθ ɪm, ˈspɛnsər, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ tərnd ðə ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl keɪs əˈgɛnst ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɔn ɪts hɛd. ˈilaɪ, ˈpætən, ənd ə hoʊst əv ˈəðər prəˈgrɛsɪv rɪˈfɔrmərz laɪk ʤɑn ɑr. ˈkɑmənz ənd ˈɛdwərd ə. rɔs ɪkˈsplɪsətli dɪˈplɔɪd juˈʤɛnɪk ˈsoʊʃəl dɪˈzaɪn ɛz ə "kərˈɛktɪv" tɪ wət ðeɪ sɔ tɪ bi ðə ˈfeɪlɪŋz əv ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl ədˈvænst baɪ ðə ˈoʊldər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈθɪŋkərz ənd ˈtɪpəˌfaɪd baɪ ˈsəmnər. ən əˈpil tɪ ðə ˈsoʊʃəl sərˈvaɪvəl əv ðə ˈfɪtəst, ˈtɛmpərd ˈoʊnli baɪ ən ɪkˈstɛnʃən əv ˈmɑdəst ˈkəmfərtɪŋ ˈʧɛrɪti, meɪ bi sin ɪn ðɪs ˈgreɪtɪŋ ˈpæsɪʤ frəm 1903 bʊk ˈstədiz ɪn ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ˌɪnˈdəstriəl soʊˈsaɪɪti: məst bi ədˈmɪtəd ðət ðɛr rɪˈmeɪnz wət həz bɪn tərmd ðə ˈjumən ˈrəbɪʃ hip əv ðə kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈsɪstəm. ðɛr ər ðoʊz hu ər nɑt ˈeɪbəl tɪ lɪv ɪn ɪts ˈstrɛnjuəs ˈætməsˌfɪr. ðə sæd fækt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz nɑt ðət əv ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən, bət ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ðiz ˈfibəl ˈpərsənz. ðə ˈsædnəs kənˈsɪsts ɪn ðə hɑrd fækts əv laɪf əv wɪʧ ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən teɪks ˈkɑgnəzəns. ɪf ðə ˈwikəst ər ˈfeɪvərd ənd ðɛr ˌriprəˈdəkʃən ɪnˈkərəʤd, wi məst hæv ˈsoʊʃəl dɪˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən. ðə ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən əv ðiz hɑrd fækts, wɪθ ˈsutəbəl ˈækʃən ˈteɪkən wɪθ ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ðɛm, rɪˈdusɪz ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈjumən peɪn fər ðə ˈprɛzənt ənd ðə fˈjuʧər baɪ ˈpəblɪk ənd ˈpraɪvət ˈʧɛrɪti. ðə ˈsoʊʃəli rɪˈʤɛktɪd məst bi kɛrd fər ənd ˈgɪvɪn ɛz ˈhæpi ən ɪgˈzɪstəns ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl, prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈoʊnli ðət wi du nɑt ɪnˈkərəʤ ðə ˌɪnˈkris əv ðoʊz hu bɪˈlɔŋ tɪ ðɪs sæd ˈjumən rubbish-heap*. ˈilaɪ ɪkˈsplɪsətli pərˈzɛnəd hɪz ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪn ðɪs bʊk ɛz ən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈθɪri tɪ ˈsoʊʃəl kənˈdɪʃənz, ˈfrɛtɪŋ ðət "fɪˈlænθrəpi ənd saɪəns kip əˈlaɪv mɛn hu wʊd ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈpɛrɪʃ." frəm ðɪs spərɪŋ floʊd ðə ˈpɑləsiz əv ˈsoʊʃəl kənˈtroʊl ðət ˈtɪpəˌfaɪd brænd əv progressivism*. hi ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn "ˌəndɪˈzaɪrəbəl" ˈpərsənz, juˈʤɛnɪk ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən əv ðə ˈfibəl, ənd ˈivɪn geɪv nɑdz əv əˈpruvəl tɪ ˈɛntri ˈbɛriərz əˈpɑn ðə ˈleɪbər ˈmɑrkɪt. ðəs ˈmɪnəməm ˈweɪʤɪz kʊd bi juzd tɪ ɪkˈsklud lɛs "pərˈdəktɪv" ˈreɪsɪz frəm ðə ˈleɪbər fɔrs, ənd ʧaɪld ˈleɪbər lɔz kʊd bi juzd tɪ dɪˈskərɪʤ ˈbridɪŋ əˈməŋ ðə loʊər ˈklæsɪz baɪ ˈstrɪpɪŋ ðiz ˈfæməliz əv ə sɔrs əv ˈɪnˌkəm. ˈəðər prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈkrɪtɪks əv ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr ˌɛnˈlɪstɪd ˈsɪmələr laɪnz əv ˈrizənɪŋ tɪ ɪˈspaʊz ˈpɑləsiz əv hərˈɛdəˌtɛri dɪˈzaɪn ənd ˈsoʊʃəl kənˈtroʊl. ʤɑn ɑr. ˈkɑmənz, ɪn ə 1907 ˈɛˌseɪ, kənˈtɛndɪd ðət ˈtrɑpɪkəl ˈklaɪmɪts hæd meɪd ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkənz "ˈɪndələnt ənd ˈfɪkəl." hi kənˈtɪnjud wɪθ ə ˈʧɪlɪŋ laɪn əv ˈɑrgjəmənt frəm ðɪs pɔɪnt: "ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ɪf səʧ ˈreɪsɪz ər tɪ əˈdɑpt ðət ˌɪnˈdəstriəs laɪf wɪʧ ɪz ə ˈsɛkənd ˈneɪʧər tɪ ˈreɪsɪz əv ðə ˈtɛmpərət zoʊnz, ɪt ɪz ˈoʊnli θru səm fɔrm əv kəmˈpəlʃən." ˈlɛnərd ənd ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈəðər hɪˈstɔriənz hæv ˈrisəntli ˈbeɪgən tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ðiz ənd ˈəðər prəˈgrɛsɪv əˈtæʧmənts tɪ juˈʤɛnɪk θɔt, ənd ɪts ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ðə ˈpleɪsmənt əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɪn ðə rɛlm əv θɔt. aɪd strɛs ðə pɔɪnt ˈivɪn ˈfərðər wɪθ rɪˈgɑrdz tɪ ˈsəmnər ðoʊ, ɛz dəraɪvd frəm hɪz ˈstɛdˌfæst dɪˈfɛns əv ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr. wən ˈθɪŋkər hu həz ˈlɑrʤli ɪˈskeɪpt ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ɔn ðə pɔɪnts ðət ər naʊ ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ faɪnd ækˈnɑlɪʤmənt ɪn ðə wərks əv ˈkɑmənz ənd ˈilaɪ ɪz ʤɑn ˈmeɪnərd keɪnz. ðɪs oʊˈmɪʃən ɪz ˈkjʊriəs ɛz keɪnz meɪd ɪkˈsplɪsət ðə ˈtɛnʃən bɪtˈwin ðə ˈoʊldər skul ənd hɪz oʊn ˈsoʊʃəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz əv juˈʤɛnɪk ˈpɑləsiz. səʧ pəˈzɪʃənz, keɪnz roʊt ɪn 1923 prəˈvoʊk dɪˈsteɪst bɪˈkəz ðeɪ "ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ ðə [sɪk] əv ˈneɪʧər, ənd brɪŋ ðə ˈwərkɪŋz əv ə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈɪnstɪŋkt ˈəndər ˈsoʊʃəl kənˈtroʊl." hi ɪˈlæbəreɪtəd ɔn ðɪs pɔɪnt θri jɪrz ˈleɪtər ɪn hɪz oʊn ˈfeɪməs ˈɛˌseɪ, ðə ɛnd əv, baɪ ˈkɔlɪŋ əˈpɑn ˈgəvərnmənts tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ "ə kənˈsɪdərd ˈnæʃənəl ˈpɑləsi" ɔn ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. wəns ɛˈnæktəd, hi kənˈtɪnjud, ə taɪm wʊd ˈlaɪkli kəm "wɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti ɛz ə hoʊl məst peɪ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə ˌɪˈneɪt kˈwɑləti ɛz wɛl ɛz tɪ ðə mɪr ˈnəmbərz əv ɪts fˈjuʧər ˈmɛmbərz." wən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈaɪrəniz ənd ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈtræʤədiz əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˌdɑrˈwɪniən slər əˈpɑn ˈsəmnər ɪz ðət ɪt tɛndz tɪ trit juˈʤɛnɪks, ˈreɪʃəl ɪkˈskluʒən, ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən riˈstrɪkʃənz, ənd ˈsɪmələr ˈkɑnsɛpts ɛz ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl dɪˈsɛnɪnts əv ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr. ˈlɛnərd ənd ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈəðər ˈskɑlərz hæv tækt ðɪs mɪθ, ənd ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪŋ əv kəmˈpærətɪv ˌɛnˈlaɪtənmənt ɔn ˈsɛvərəl ˈɪʃuz əv ˈpɑləsi hɪz hɑrʃ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəmz əv steɪt prəˈdeɪʃən baɪ ˈpaʊərfəl ɪˈlits, hɪz kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ riˈmaɪnd ˈjuˈɛs ˈfərðər əv haʊ fɑr ɔf beɪs ðə kənˈvɛnʃənəl hɪˌstɔriˈɑgrəfi həz ˈgɔtən. jɛt ɪn ˈproʊbɪŋ ðɪs ˈsəbʤɪkt ˈfərðər, wi faɪnd ˈæmpəl ˈɛvədəns ðət ðə ʧɑrʤ əˈgɛnst ˈsəmnər ɪz nɑt ˈsɪmpli ɛˈroʊniəs ɪt ɪz ən ˌɪnˈvərʒən əv truθ ðət əˈsaɪnz bɪˈlifs tɪ ˈsəmnər ðət ər ˈæˌkʧuəli kənˈsɪstənt ˌrɛprəzənˈteɪʃənz əv ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˈkrɪtɪks əv hɪz kɔz, ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr. ˈklɪrli wi stɪl hæv məʧ wərk tɪ du. ˈsəmnər, 1886," ɪn ɔn ˈlɪbərˌti ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks: ðə ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈɛˌseɪz əv ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs: ˈlɪbərˌti fənd, pp*. əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt: <https://www.panarchy.org/sumner/laissezfaire.html*>. ˈtɑməs si. ˈlɛnərd, "ˈɔrəʤɪnz əv ðə mɪθ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm: ðə æmˈbɪgjuəs ˈlɛgəsi əv ˈrɪʧərd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən θɔt," ˈʤərnəl əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk bɪˈheɪvjər ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən 71 2009 <https://www.princeton.edu/~tleonard/papers/myth.pdf*>. ˈrɪʧərd ti. ˈilaɪ, "ðə ˈfaʊndɪŋ ənd ˈərli ˈhɪstəri əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən," ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌrivˈju, vol*. 26 noʊ. 1 ˌsəpləˈmɛnt, ˈpeɪpərz ənd prəˈsidɪŋz əv ðə ˈænjuəl ˈmitɪŋ əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən (mɑr., 1936 ˈilaɪ, ˈrɪʧərd ti. ˈstədiz ɪn ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ˌɪnˈdəstriəl soʊˈsaɪɪti. nu jɔrk: məkˈmɪlən, 1913 163 <https://books.google.com*>. ˈkɑmənz, ʤɑn ɑr. "ˈreɪʃəl ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl," ðə ʃəˈtɔkwən 39 13 <https://books.google.com*>. keɪnz, j.m*. "ðə ɛnd əv," ɪn ˈɛˌseɪz ɪn pərsˈweɪʒən, nu jɔrk: harcourt-brace*, 1932 pi. 292 <https://www.panarchy.org/keynes/laissezfaire.1926.html*>. "mɪˈsteɪkɪŋ juˈʤɛnɪks fər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm: waɪ juˈʤɛnɪks ɪz ˈmɪsɪŋ frəm ðə ˈhɪstəri əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks," ˈtɑməs si. ˈlɛnərd ˈpeɪpərz, ˈprɪnstən ˌjunəˈvərsəti. <https://www.princeton.edu/~tleonard/papers/mistaking.pdf*>. 3 ˈdeɪvɪd ɛm. hɑrt, "ɔn ˈoʊvərˌtərnɪŋ ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz ˈlɛvəld əˈgɛnst prəˈfɛsər ˈdəbəlju. ʤi. ˈsəmnər" [ˈpoʊstɪd: ˌʤuˈlaɪ 17 mæt zvəˈlɪnski ɪz boʊθ ˈwɪti ənd kərˈɛkt tɪ kɔl ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər "ˈlɪbərˌtiz fərˈgɑtən mæn." boʊθ oʊn kənˈsɪdərəbəl prəˈfɛʃənəl wərk ɛz ə ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪst, ɪˈkɑnəmɪst, ənd hɪˈstɔriən, ənd ɛz ən ˈæktɪvɪst fər fri treɪd ənd ðə ˈmuvmənt, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə aɪˈdiəz wɪʧ laɪ bɪˈhaɪnd wən əv hɪz ˈgreɪtəst ˈɛˌseɪz, "ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn" (ənd fər ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈpɪriəd, ˈsəmnər ˌɪnˈkludz "ˈwʊmən" ɛz wɛl), wɪθ ɪts dip ˈɪnˌsaɪts ˈɪntu ðə ˈneɪʧər əv klæs ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə ɪn ðə leɪt ˈsɛnʧəri, hæv ˈfɑlən ˈɪntu ə ˈsimɪŋli ˌɪˈnɛkstrɪˌkəbəl ˌɔrˈwɛliən ˈmɛməri hoʊl. ðəs, ɪn ə weɪ, boʊθ ðə mæn ənd ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt aɪˈdiəz hæv bɪn nɑt ˈoʊnli "fərˈgɑtən" bət ˈɔlsoʊ tabooed*. ɪt həz bɪn tæsk ɪn ðɪs ˈɛˌseɪ ənd ˈəðərz tɪ ˈrɛktəˌfaɪ ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ənd fər ðət hi ʃʊd bi kənˈgræʧəˌleɪtɪd. ɪn hɪz lɛd ˈɛˌseɪ tɪ ðɪs dɪˈskəʃən mæt ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl kraɪmz wɪʧ hæv brɔt əˈgɛnst ˈsəmnər baɪ ˈmɑdərn ˌɪntəˈlɛkʧuəlz ənd ˈskɑlərz, ˈneɪmli, ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ʧɑrʤ əv "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm" (pərˈhæps wɪθ "ˈmælɪs əˈfɔrˌθɑt," ˈeɪdɪd ənd əˈbɛtɪd baɪ ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər), əv əbˈstrəkʃən əv ˈʤəstɪs fər əˈpoʊzɪŋ steɪt plænz tɪ ˌridɪˈstrɪbjut wɛlθ tɪ ðə pur, ənd ˈʤɛnərəli əv biɪŋ ˌɪnˈdɪfərənt tɪ, pərˈhæps ˈkrɪmənəli ˈnɛglɪʤənt əv, ðə feɪt əv ðə wik, ðə pur, ənd ðə daʊn ənd aʊt. ˈmɛni ˈdɛkeɪdz əˈgoʊ hi wɑz kənˈvɪktəd æt ðə bɑr əv ˌækəˈdimiə ənd ˈsɛntənst tɪ pərˈpɛʧuəl ˈɔstrəˌsɪzəm frəm ˈsɪvəˌlaɪzd ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈdɪskɔrs. wən ɪz hɑrd pʊt tɪ faɪnd ˈrisənt ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp wɪʧ teɪks ɪm ər hɪz aɪˈdiəz ˈsɪriəsli, ˈivɪn baɪ hɪˈstɔriənz əv aɪˈdiəz hu ər ˈɔfən ɪgˈzɛmpt frəm ðə ˈʤɛnərəl tæˈbu ɔn aɪˈdiəz ˈsɪmpli bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər ˈmɪrli "ˈkrɑnɪklɪŋ" ðə pæst ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈbɛtər kənˈdɛm ɪt. aɪ woʊnt ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt hir ɔn mætz ˈɛksələnt ˌrɛzərˈɛkʃən əv aɪˈdiəz wɪʧ hi dɛlt wɪθ ɪn hɪz ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈɛˌseɪ, bət aɪ du wɔnt tɪ æd tɪ ðə lɪst əv θɪŋz "fərˈgɑtən" tɪ ʃoʊ haʊ ˈdipli fərˈgɑtən ˈsəmnər ənd hɪz aɪˈdiəz hæv bɪˈkəm ənd haʊ ˈdɪfəkəlt ðə ˈoʊvərˌtərnɪŋ əv hɪz ˈkrɪmənəl kənˈvɪkʃən ənd ðə ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən əv hɪz ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən wɪl bi. pərˈhæps ðə ˈəðər pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ɪn ðɪs dəˈbeɪt wɪl teɪk əp səm əv ðiz ənd ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ɔn ðɛm ˈfərðər. aɪ wʊd laɪk tɪ lɪst ˈəndər əˈdɪʃənəl "kraɪmz" hɪz ˈædvəkəsi əv hɑrd ˈməni, hɪz ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈtɛrəfs, hɪz, ənd hɪz ˈθɪri əv klæs æˈnælɪsɪs ənd ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən. ðə ˈlætər ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈgɔlɪŋ fər əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɪntəˈlɛkʧuəlz ɛz ˈmɛni bɪˈliv ðət (ə) klæs dɪz nɑt ɪgˈzɪst ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə ər (bi) klæs æˈnælɪsɪs ɪz ə ˈmɑrksɪst ˌɪnˈvɛnʃən ðət ˈklæsɪkəl ˈlɪˌbərəlz laɪk ˈsəmnər hæv noʊ ˈbɪznɪs ɪn ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ. lɛt mi bɪˈgɪn wɪθ ækˈtɪvɪti ɛz ən ɪˈkɑnəmɪst ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk hɪˈstɔriən. 1 ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈprɑpərli əˈpriʃiˌeɪtɪd haʊ məʧ ˈsəmnər roʊt ɔn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈhɪstəri ənd ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt roʊl hi pleɪd ɪn ˈtiʧɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈθɪri tɪ ðə ˈstudənts æt jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti. hɪz əˈfɪʃəl pəˈzɪʃən wɑz prəˈfɛsər əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns ɪn jeɪl ˈkɑlɪʤ, bət hi wɑz fri tɪ ˈlɛkʧər ɔn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈtɑpɪks ɛz wɛl, wɪʧ hi θɔt wɑz kwaɪt ən əˈproʊpriˌeɪt θɪŋ tɪ du ɛz ðə ˈnɛroʊ əv ˈnɑlɪʤ ˈɪntu səʧ fildz ɛz ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi, pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈθɪri, ˈpɑləˌtɪks, ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈhɪstəri wɑz ʤɪst bɪˈgɪnɪŋ. hi roʊt ə ˈsaɪzəbəl əˈmaʊnt ɔn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈkərənsi ənd ˈbæŋkɪŋ ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, wɛr hi ʃoʊd hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ bi ə strɔŋ ˈædvəˌkeɪt əv hɑrd (i.e*., goʊld bækt) ˈkərənsi, ɛz fər ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪn ə ˈhɪstəri əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkərənsi 1884 ənd ðə ˈvɑljum ɔn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪn ə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈbæŋkɪŋ ɪn ɔl ðə ˈlidɪŋ ˈneɪʃənz 1896 hi simd tɪ bi wɛl əˈwɛr ðət "ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən" əv ðə ˈməni səˈplaɪ ɪn ðə fɔrm əv ɪkˈspændɪd ˈpeɪpər ˈkrɛdɪt ənd ˈməni hæd ə kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ bæŋk ˈfeɪljərz ənd ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˈsaɪkəl, wɪʧ pleɪgd əˈmɛrɪkə θruaʊt ðə ˈsɛnʧəri, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪm ən "ˈɔstriən" θiərɪst ɪn ðə ˈmɑdərn sɛns. hi ˈɔlsoʊ tɔt ˌɪntrəˈdəktəri ˈkɔrsɪz ɔn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈθɪri tɪ hɪz ˈstudənts æt jeɪl wɪʧ ʃoʊd waɪd ˈrɛdɪŋ ɪn ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk θɔt (ˈmeɪnli frɛnʧ bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfridrɪk vɔn ˈwisər ɪn ə frɛnʧ trænzˈleɪʃən, wən əv ðə ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz əv ðə skul wɪʧ ˈimərʤd ɪn ðə), ɛz hɪz klæs ˈrɛdɪŋ lɪsts ˈklɪrli ʃoʊ. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlɪstɪd ɪn hɪz kɔrs ˈridɪŋz wərks baɪ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfɑloʊərz əv, səʧ ɛz ɛz ˈæməsə ˈwɔkər. ɔl əv ðɪs wərk ənˈfɔrʧənətli həz bɪn fərˈgɑtən ər kənˈvinjəntli ˌɪgˈnɔrd fər ˈdɛkeɪdz sɪns ˈædvəˌkeɪts əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsiz ər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈnæθəmə, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ "ˈsoʊʃəl darwinists*," ˈɔfən fər ˈsɪmələr ˈrizənz. 2 ˈsəmnər wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdəbli dæmd ˈivɪn ɪn hɪz oʊn taɪm fər biɪŋ ə strɔŋ ˈædvəˌkeɪt əv fri treɪd ɪn ən əˈmɛrɪkə, wɪʧ frəm ɪts ˈfaʊndɪŋ, hæd bɪn ˈstrɔŋli prəˈtɛkʃənɪst, ˈivɪn ɪn ɪts treɪd ˈpɑləsiz. ɪn ðə ənd grups hæd ˈimərʤd ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ənd nu jɔrk wɪʧ ənd əˈdæptɪd fər ən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɔdiəns wərks baɪ ðə frɛnʧ ənd wərks baɪ ðə kləb, wɪʧ ˈʧæmpiənd ˈlɪtərəʧər æt ə taɪm wɪn ˈtɛrəf wɔrz bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈirəpt əˈgɛn ɪn ˈjʊrəp ɪn ðə ˈdɛkeɪdz ˈlidɪŋ əp tɪ wərld wɔr aɪ. ˈsəmnər roʊt məˈtɪriəl ˈvɛri məʧ ɪn ðə staɪl əv ðə greɪt, səʧ ɛz hɪz ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv prəˈtɛkʃənɪst "ˈfæləsiz," ər "sophisms*," ɪn hɪz bʊk prəˈtɛkʃəˌnɪzəm 1888 ækˈtɪvɪtiz ɪkˈstɛndɪd bɪɔnd ðə ˈlɛkʧər hɔlz əv jeɪl ɛz hɪz tɔks ənd əˈtɛndəns æt ˈmitɪŋz ˈklɪrli ʃoʊ. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, æt ðə ˈænjuəl ˈdɪnər hɛld baɪ ðə nu jɔrk fri treɪd kləb hɛld æt ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ɪn 1885 ˈsəmnər geɪv wən əv ðə toʊsts wɛr hi dɪˈklɛrd, "fri treɪd: ðə ˈoʊnli tru 'əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪstəm'" ɪn dɪˈrɛkt ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈoʊvər 100 jɪrz əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsi wɪʧ hæd ˈfɑloʊd ðə prəˈtɛkʃənɪsts ənd ˈsteɪtɪst "əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪstəm" əv ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈhæməltən ənd ˈhɛnri kleɪ, ənd ˈkɑdəˌfaɪd baɪ ˈfridrɪk lɪst ɪn 1841 ɛz ðə ˈsɛnʧəri wɔr ɔn, ˈsəmnər kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ˈeɪljəˌneɪt hɪmˈsɛlf frəm ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrim əv ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl əˈpɪnjən baɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ əp ə kɔz ˈdipli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ fri treɪd ɪn ðə ənd sɛns əv ðə tərm, ˈneɪmli, ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɪmˈpɪriəˌlɪzəm. hi ˈvoʊkəli səˈpɔrtɪd ðə lig, wɪʧ wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd ɪn ʤun 1898 tɪ əˈpoʊz ðə wɔr əˈgɛnst speɪn ənd ˌɪnˈkludɪd ən ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv lɪst əv ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz, ˌækəˈdɛmɪks, ənd ˈɔθərz səʧ ɛz ˈʧɑrəlz ˈfrænsɪs ˈædəmz, jr*., ʤeɪn ˈædəmz, ˈɛdwərd ˈætkɪnsən, ˈæmˌbroʊz bɪrs, ˈændru ˌkɑrˈneɪgi, ˈsæmjul ˈklɛmənz (mɑrk tweɪn), ˈgroʊvər ˈklivlənd, ʤɑn dui, ˈɛdwɪn ˈlɔrəns ˈgɑdkɪn, ˈsæmjul gompers*, ˈwɪljəm din haʊəlz, ˈhɛnri ʤeɪmz, ˈwɪljəm ʤeɪmz, ˈdeɪvɪd stɑr ˈʤɔrdən, kɑrl schurz*, ənd ˈɔzwɔld ˈgærɪsən ˈvɪlərd. ðət səˈpɔrt sɪˈmɛntɪd hɪz pəˈzɪʃən ɛz ən aʊtˈsaɪdər tɪ ðə prɪˈveɪlɪŋ ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈætməsˌfɪr. aɪ wɪl rɪˈtərn tɪ ðɪs ˈtɑpɪk ənd hɪz ˈθɪri əv klæs ənd ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ɪn əˈnəðər poʊst. aɪ rɪˈfər tɪ ə ˈsɪriz ɔn ˈsəmnər wɪʧ wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn <libertarianism.org*> ɪn 2013 wɪʧ bɪˈgæn ðɪs tæsk əv ˈskɑlərli ˌriəˌbɪləˈteɪʃən. si, mæt zvəˈlɪnski, "ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər: pɑrt 1 ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm" (ˌʤuˈlaɪ 15 2013 https://www.libertarianism.org/blog/william-graham-sumner-part-1-laissez-faire-social-darwinism*; "pɑrt rɪˈʤɛkʃən əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm" (ˌʤuˈlaɪ 25 2013 https://www.libertarianism.org/blog/william-graham-sumner-part-2-rejection-social-darwinism*; "pɑrt 3 ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn" (ˌʤuˈlaɪ 29 2013 https://www.libertarianism.org/blog/william-graham-sumner-part-3-forgotten-man*; "pɑrt 4 ˈʧɛrɪti, ˈlɪbərˌti, ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʤəstɪs" (ˈɔgəst 5 2013 https://www.libertarianism.org/blog/william-graham-sumner-part-4-charity-liberty-social-justice*. si fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, dɑm ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi ˈθiˌsɪs ɔn ˈsəmnər, ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi əv ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər: ə ˈstədi ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv aɪˈdiəz (ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi, ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv kəˈnɛtəkət, 1966 h.a*. skɑt træsk, "ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər: ˈmɑnəˌtɛri θiərɪst." ðə kˈwɔrtərli ˈʤərnəl əv ˈɔstriən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks 8 noʊ. 2 (ˈsəmər 2005 ənd "ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər: əˈgɛnst dɪˈmɑkrəsi, plutocracy*, ənd ˌɪmˈpɪriəˌlɪzəm," ðə ˈʤərnəl əv ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˈstədiz, ˈvɑljum 18 noʊ. 4 (fɔl 2004 pp*. ənd ˈrɑbərt si. ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ ɔn ˈlɪbərˌti, soʊˈsaɪɪti, ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks: ðə ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈraɪtɪŋz əv ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, ɛd. ˈrɑbərt si. ˈbænɪstər (ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs, ɪn: ˈlɪbərˌti fənd, 1992 ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, ə ˈhɪstəri əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkərənsi, wɪθ ˈʧæptərz ɔn ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ bæŋk riˈstrɪkʃən ənd ˈɔstriən ˈpeɪpər ˈməni, tɪ wɪʧ ɪz əˈpɛndɪd "ðə ˈbʊljən rɪˈpɔrt" (nu jɔrk: ˈhɛnri hoʊlt ənd ˈkəmpəˌni, 1884 ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, ə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈbæŋkɪŋ ɪn ɔl ðə ˈlidɪŋ ˈneɪʃənz; kəmˈpraɪzɪŋ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts; greɪt ˈbrɪtən; ˈʤərməni; austro-hungary*; fræns; ˈɪtəli; ˈbɛlʤəm; speɪn; sˈwɪtsərlənd; ˈpɔrʧəgəl; roumania*; ˈrəʃə; ˈhɑlənd; ðə ˌskændɪˈneɪviən ˈneɪʃənz; ˈkænədə; ˈʧaɪnə; ʤəˈpæn; kəmˈpaɪld baɪ ˈθərˈtin ˈɔθərz. ˈɛdɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈɛdɪtər əv ðə ˈʤərnəl əv ˈkɑmərs ənd kəˈmərʃəl ˈbʊlɪtən. ɪn fɔr ˈvɑljumz. (nu jɔrk: ðə ˈʤərnəl əv ˈkɑmərs ənd kəˈmərʃəl ˈbʊlɪtən, 1896 vol*. 1 ə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈbæŋkɪŋ ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ɪn hɪz ˈrɛdɪŋ lɪst əv bʊks fər hɪz ˈstudənts, wɪʧ hi ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn hɪz ˈtɛkstˌbʊk ˈprɑbləmz ɪn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi (nu jɔrk: ˈhɛnri hoʊlt ənd ˈkəmpəˌni, 1885 hi ˌɪnˈkludɪd wərks baɪ ˈmɪʧəl ˌʃɛvəˈlɪr, ʤɑn ˈɛliət kɛrnz, ðə də jevons*, leroy-beaulieu*, məˈklaʊd, ˈmɑrʃəl, j.s*. mɪl, sidgwick*, ˈspɛnsər, ənd ˈwɔkər, pp*. vii-x*. ˈfridrɪk lɪst roʊt ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsɪstəm əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪn 1841 bət ˈsɪmələr aɪˈdiəz hæd ˈteɪkən dip rut ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈəndər ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈhæməltən. si ˈfridrɪk lɪst, ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈsɪstəm əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi baɪ ˈfridrɪk lɪst, trænz. ˈsæmpsən ɛs. lɔɪd, wɪθ ən ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən baɪ ʤeɪ. ʃild ˈnɪkəlsən (ˈləndən: longmans*, grin ənd koʊ., 1909 ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, prəˈtɛkʃəˌnɪzəm: ðə -ˈɪzəm wɪʧ ˈtiʧɪz ðət weɪst meɪks wɛlθ (nu jɔrk: ˈhɛnri hoʊlt ənd ˈkəmpəˌni, 1888 4 ˈrɑbərt ləru, "wɪn mits ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi: ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər" [ˈpoʊstɪd: ˌʤuˈlaɪ 17 ˈsəmnər ɪz ə ˈstreɪnʤər tɪ ˈjuˈɛs təˈdeɪ. wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv ə fju ˈskɑlərz əv ðə ˈhɪstəri əv aɪˈdiəz, noʊ wən ridz ɪm ˌɛniˈmɔr. bət ˈmɛni əv ðɛm θɪŋk hi wɑz ə ˈsoʊʃəl. jɛt ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi əv ə ˈlɪˌbərəl pərsˈweɪʒən həz bɪn ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv aɪˈdiəz. nɑt ˈoʊnli dɪd ɪt ˈprɑpəˌgeɪt ə ˈrɛzəˌlutli "ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk" ˈmɛsɪʤ kənˈsərnɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl fəˈnɑmənə, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ lɛd ˈfrikwɛntli tɪ ˈlɪˌbərəl θɔt. hɛns ðə nid fɛlt baɪ ˈmɛni ˈɔθərz tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ə ˈvɪʒən əv ðə wərld ðət wʊd bi kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðə ɪˈvɛnts ənd ðə ˈɪʃuz əv ə taɪm mɑrkt baɪ ˈsɪŋgjələr əˈphivəl. fər ˈlɪˌbərəlz, ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈfiʧər əv ðɛr ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl əˈproʊʧ ɪz ɪts feɪθ ɪn ˈjumən ɪnˈdɛvər ənd ɪn ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv. ðə nu wərld ðət wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ ʃeɪp ˌbiˈfɔr ðɛr aɪz spɑrkt mɪkst ˈfilɪŋz, ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzd boʊθ baɪ bərsts əv ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm ənd baɪ nɔɪŋ kənˈsərnz. ðeɪ wər nɑt ˈgɪvɪn tɪ waɪld ˈθiərˌaɪzɪŋ: ðeɪ kæst ðɛr aɪˈdiəz ɪn ˈkɑntɛkst, ðeɪ ˈɔfərd ˈænsərz tɪ ðə ˈkraɪsiz ðət ˈɔfən ˈimərʤ ɪn ðə wərld əv saɪəns. hir ɪz ðə nəˈsɛsɪti tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk əˈproʊʧ tɪ ˈsoʊʃəl fəˈnɑmənə. ˈsəmnər wɑz nɑt ˈoʊnli ðə fərst əˈmɛrɪkən ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪst, bət hi wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə fərst ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪst. ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈlɪbərˌti, ɛz mæt zvəˈlɪnski riˈmaɪndz ˈjuˈɛs ɪn hɪz ˈvɛri ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈɛˌseɪ, ɪz æt ðə ˈsɛnər əv hɪz wərk. ˈsəmnər dɪz nɑt bɪˈliv ɪn ðə aɪˈdiə əv ðə ˈstrəgəl fər laɪf ər klæs ˈstrəgəl. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ɪm, moʊst ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪsts ər ˈsoʊʃəlɪsts ənd "ðeɪ ər ˈfraɪtənd əv ˈlɪbərˌti." ɪn ə ki ˈpæsɪʤ ɪn hɪz ˈɛˌseɪ "ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi" 1881 hi noʊts ðət ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪsts kənfˈjuz tu ˈdɪfərənt kaɪnz əv ˈstrəgəl ənd du nɑt ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ ˈlɪbərˌti kən əˈmiljərˌeɪt boʊθ əv ðɛm: wi hæv ˈnoʊtɪst ðət ðə riˈleɪʃənz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈstrəgəl fər ɪgˈzɪstəns ər ˈtuˈfoʊld. ðɛr ɪz fərst ðə ˈstrəgəl əv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz tɪ wɪn ðə minz əv səbˈsɪstəns frəm ˈneɪʧər, ənd ˈsɛkəndli ðɛr ɪz ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən əv mæn wɪθ mæn ɪn ðə ˈɛfərt tɪ wɪn ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd səˈplaɪ. ðə ˈrædɪkəl ˈɛrər əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪsts ənd ɪz ðət ðeɪ ˈnɛvər dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ ðiz tu riˈleɪʃənz frəm iʧ ˈəðər. ðeɪ brɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd kəmˈpleɪnts wɪʧ ər ˈrɪli tɪ bi meɪd, ɪf æt ɔl, əˈgɛnst ðə ˈɔθər əv ðə ˈjunəˌvərs fər ðə ˈhɑrdʃɪps wɪʧ mæn həz tɪ ɪnˈdʊr ɪn hɪz ˈstrəgəl wɪθ ˈneɪʧər. ðə kəmˈpleɪnts ər əˈdrɛst, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, tɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti; ðət ɪz, tɪ ˈəðər mɛn ˈəndər ðə seɪm ˈhɑrdʃɪps. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɛləmənt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən əv laɪf, ənd wɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪz bleɪmd fər ðə ɪlz wɪʧ bɪˈlɔŋ tɪ ðə ˈjumən lɔt, ɪt ɪz ˈoʊnli ˈbərdənɪŋ ðoʊz hu hæv səkˈsɛsfəli kənˈtɛndɪd wɪθ ðoʊz ɪlz wɪθ ðə ˈfərðər tæsk əv ˈkɑŋkərɪŋ ðə seɪm ɪlz ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn fər ˈsəmˌbɑdi ɛls. hɛns ˈlɪbərˌti ɪn ɔl ˌsoʊʃəˈlɪstɪk skimz, ənd ðə ˈtɛndənsi əv səʧ skimz ɪz tɪ ðə dɪˈtɪriərˌeɪʃən əv soʊˈsaɪɪti baɪ ˈbərdənɪŋ ðə gʊd ˈmɛmbərz ənd rɪˈlivɪŋ ðə bæd wənz. ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈɑpəzɪt pɔɪnt əv vju, ˈsəmnər ˈɑrgjud ə ˈdɛkeɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə frɛnʧ ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪst ˈdərˌkhaɪm, ðət soʊˈsaɪɪti ər ðə ˈmɑdərn ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈsɪstəm ɪz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv "greɪt ˈsoʊʃəl." ɛz pʊt ɪt ɪn hɪz ˈɛˌseɪ "ɔn ðə ˈrizənz waɪ mæn ɪz nɑt ˌɔltəˈgɛðər ə brut": ðə ˈmɑdərn ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈsɪstəm ɪz ə greɪt ˈsoʊʃəl. ɪt ɪz ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ənd ˌɪnˈstɪŋktɪv ɪn ɪts ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən. ðə əˈʤəstmənts əv ðə ˈɔrgənz teɪk pleɪs ˈnæʧərəli. ðə ˈpɑrtiz ər hɛld təˈgɛðər baɪ ˌɪmˈpərsənəl ənd dɪˈmænd. ðeɪ meɪ ˈnɛvər si iʧ ˈəðər; ðeɪ meɪ bi ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd baɪ hæf ðə ˌsərˈkəmfrəns əv ðə gloʊb. ðɛr ɪn ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɛfərt ɪz kəmˈbaɪnd ənd dɪˈstrɪbjətəd əˈgɛn baɪ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl məˈʃinəri, ənd ðə raɪts ənd ˈɪntərɪsts ər ˈmɛʒərd ənd ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˈspɛʃəl ˈtriti ər kənˈvɛnʃən æt ɔl. ɔl ðɪs goʊz ɔn soʊ sˈmuðli ənd ˈnæʧərəli ðət wi fərˈgɛt tɪ ˈnoʊtɪs ɪt. wi θɪŋk ðət ɪt kɔsts ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ɛz ɪt wər. ðə truθ ɪz, ðət ðɪs greɪt ˌkoʊˈɑˌpərətɪv ˈɛfərt ɪz wən əv ðə greɪt ˈprɑdəkts əv əv ɪts ˈkɔstliɪst ˈprɑdəkts ənd haɪəst rɪˈfaɪnmənts, bɪˈkəz hir, mɔr ðən ˈɛniˌwɛr ɛls, ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəmz ɪn, bət ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns soʊ klɪr ənd kərˈɛkt ðət ɪt dɪz nɑt nid ɪkˈsprɛʃən. ðə ˈvɪʒən əv soʊˈsaɪɪti ðət ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ˈθɪŋkɪŋ wɑz ðə ˈprɑdəkt əv ə ˈkəlʧər ʃeɪpt baɪ ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈsaɪənsɪz. hɪz ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi ɪz boʊθ ən ˌɛmˈpɪrɪkəl ənd ə ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈdɪsəplən. əˈproʊʧ rɪˈflɛkts nɑt ˈoʊnli ə ˈrisərʧ ˈstrætəʤi, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈlaɪvli ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn əbˈzərvɪŋ ˌɛmˈpɪrɪkəl fækts, ˈsəmθɪŋ wi ˈhɑrdli faɪnd wɪθ ˈɔgəst. bət ˈsəmnər ʃɛrz wɪθ ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi məst bɪˈkəm ə saɪəns. hi raɪts: ðə nid fər ə saɪəns əv laɪf ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪz ˈərʤənt, ənd ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈɛvəri jɪr. ɪt ɪz ə fækt wɪʧ ɪz ˈʤɛnərəli ˈoʊvərˌlʊkt ðət ðə greɪt ədˈvæns ɪn ðə ˈsaɪənsɪz ənd ðə ɑrts wɪʧ həz ˈteɪkən pleɪs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst ˈsɛnʧəri ɪz prəˈdusɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz ənd ˈgɪvɪŋ raɪz tɪ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈprɑbləmz. ɪn ðɪs weɪ, ˈsəmnər ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ dɪˈsərn ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑʤɪkəl lɔz ðət ər nɑt ˈlɪniər bət ər, tɪ ðə ˈkɑntrɛri, mɑrkt baɪ əv ɔl kaɪnz. ðə ˈraɪtɪŋz əv ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər ˈsərtənli hæd ə kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈɪnfluəns ɔn ɪm. ˈsəmnər, hu pleɪd ə dɪˈsaɪsɪv roʊl ɪn dɪˈsɛməˌneɪtɪŋ ðə aɪˈdiəz əv ˈspɛnsər ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, leɪd ðə ˈmɑrkərz fər ən əˈproʊʧ tɪ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks ðət ˈsutɪd ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈdɑgmə əv ðə taɪm. waɪl hi ədˈmaɪərd ˈspɛnsərz wi məst ˌɪnˈsɪst ðət hi wɑz fɑr frəm biɪŋ ə sˈleɪvɪʃ dɪˈsaɪpəl. ˈɪnfluənst baɪ "scientism*" ər "ˈpɑzətɪˌvɪzəm", ˈsəmnər wɑz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli pərˈdəktɪv ɪn ðə leɪt ˈsɛnʧəri; ɪt wɑz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˈpɪriəd ðət hɪz wərk tʊk ɔn ɪts dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv ʃeɪp. ɪn 1906 ˈsəmnər ˈpəblɪʃt hɪz moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt bʊk, folways*, ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ˌmɔˈræləˌti ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈlɪbərˌti. hi sɛts aʊt tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ruts əv ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈlɪbərˌti ənd ˈsoʊʃəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps. ɪn ðɪs weɪ ðeɪ meɪd ə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi ə pɔɪnt ˈɔfən ˈoʊvərˌlʊkt ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪənsɪz əv ðə taɪm. ðə tərn əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri sɔ ðə ˈoʊvərθˌroʊ əv wət hæd bɪn kənˈsɪdərd ˈsərtəntiz. fər ˈsəmnər, ˌmɔˈræləˌti hæd tɪ bi riˈkæst, ənd ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin mæn ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə kraɪˈtɪriə əv ðə ˈimərʤɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪənsɪz. ðə peɪs əv taɪm wɑz ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ ənd keɪɑs wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ hoʊld. ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈθɪŋkərz, laɪk ˈsəmnər, tʊk noʊt əv ðɪs ənd ðeɪ tu sɔt tɪ brɪŋ tɪ laɪt ˈpriviəsli ˌənsəˈspɛktɪd ˈjumən lɔz. ðeɪ ˈskrutəˌnaɪzd ˈlɪbərˌti, ðeɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɪts ˈɔrəʤɪnz, ənd ðeɪ dɪd ˈbætəl əˈgɛnst ðə ˈɑbstəkəlz ðət, ɛz ðeɪ sɔ ɪt, wər ˈhoʊldɪŋ bæk ɪts ˈprɑˌgrɛs. bət ˈkjʊriəsli, ˈsəmnər ˈnɛvər kwoʊts ðə ˈəðər ˈmeɪʤər ˈfɪgjərz əv ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi əv hɪz taɪm. hi dɪz nɑt seɪ ə wərd əˈbaʊt ˈdərˌkhaɪm, ˈgeɪbriəl tarde*, geɪɔrg ər pareto*. ðə ˈrizən waɪ həz boʊθ ən ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ənd ən ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈæˌspɛkt wɪʧ aɪ ˈkænɑt goʊ ˈɪntu ɪn ðɪs ˌɪˈnɪʃəl poʊst bət wɪl kip fər ə ˈleɪtər taɪm. si ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, ɔn ˈlɪbərˌti, soʊˈsaɪɪti, ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks. ðə ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈɛˌseɪz, ind*., ˈlɪbərˌti fənd, 1992 kɑrl mɑrks maɪt bi ə gʊd ɪgˈzæmpəl. ˈivɪn təˈdeɪ ˈmɛni ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪsts (laɪk piɛr bourdieu*) kʊd bi kənˈsɪdərd ˈsoʊʃəlɪsts. ðeɪ du nɑt wɔnt tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˈsoʊʃəl wərld bət ðeɪ traɪ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ɪt. ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, "ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi" 1881 ɪn wɔr ənd ˈəðər ˈɛˌseɪz, ɛd. ˈælbərt ˈgæloʊˌweɪ ˈkɛlər (nu ˈheɪvən: jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1919 si ˈdərˌkhaɪm, də lɑ dɪˈvɪʒən də trəˈveɪl ˈsoʊʃəl, ˈpɛrɪs, ˈælˌkæn, 1893 ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, wət ˈsoʊʃəl ˈklæsɪz oʊ tɪ iʧ ˈəðər, (nu jɔrk: ˈhɑrpər ənd ˈbrəðərz, 1911 ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn ənd ˈəðər ˈɛˌseɪz, nu ˈheɪvən, jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1876 pi. 401 ˈɔlsoʊ "ðə saɪəns əv ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi" ɪn ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn ənd ˈəðər ˈɛˌseɪz, ɛd. ˈælbərt ˈgæloʊˌweɪ ˈkɛlər (nu ˈheɪvən: jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1918 ðə conversation↩*↩ 1 mæt zvəˈlɪnski, "ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈɑrgjəmənts ənd ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr" [ˈpoʊstɪd: ˌʤuˈlaɪ 17 ɛz ˈfɑbioʊ ˈroʊhɑs ənd fɪl məgˈnis boʊθ noʊt ɪn ðɛr ˈɛksələnt ˈɛˌseɪz, ˈsəmnər ˈgraʊndɪd hɪz ˈθɪri əv ˈgəvərnmənt ɔn ən ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈθɪri əv soʊˈsaɪɪti. ɑr dɪˈskəʃən soʊ fɑr həz ɔˈrɛdi ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd ðə weɪ ɪn wɪʧ ðɪs fɔrm əv ˈɑrgjəmənt geɪv raɪz tɪ ðə mɪsˈlidɪŋ ʧɑrʤ əv "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm." ɪn ðɪs ˈɛˌseɪ, aɪ wɔnt tɪ reɪz ə mɔr ˈsəbstəntɪv kˈwɛʃən əˈbaʊt ˈɑrgjəmənt: tɪ wət ɪkˈstɛnt dɪz ən ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri əˈproʊʧ laɪk ˈæˌkʧuəli səˈpɔrt ə ˈpɑləsi əv ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr? ðə ʤɪst əv ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz ˈnaɪsli ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈgɑrdənɪŋ ˈmɛtəfɔr ðət fɪl məgˈnis kwoʊts ɪn hɪz ˈɛˌseɪ. ʤɪst ɛz ɪt wʊd bi ˈfulɪʃ fər ə ˈgɑrdənər tɪ traɪ tɪ ˌɪmˈpoʊz ən kənˈsivd aɪˈdil əˈpɑn ə ˈgɑrdən wɪˈθaʊt fərst əkˈwaɪərɪŋ ə θəroʊ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə plænts, sɔɪl, ənd ˈəðər ˈɛləmənts wɪθ wɪʧ hi wɑz ˈwərkɪŋ, ənd ðə kənˈstreɪnts ðət ðoʊz ˈnæʧərəl fəˈnɑmənə ˌɪmˈpoʊz əˈpɑn hɪz ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz, soʊ tu ɪt wʊd bi ˈfulɪʃ fər ə ˈsteɪtsmən tɪ ˌɪmˈpoʊz ə ˈrɪʤɪd sɛt əv rulz əˈpɑn soʊˈsaɪɪti wɪˈθaʊt ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðə weɪz ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈɔrdər əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈprɑsɛsəz kənˈstreɪn hɪz əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz hɪz ˈvɪʒən. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɔrdər, laɪk ˈnæʧərəl ˈɔrdər, ɪz ən ɪˈvɑlvd fəˈnɑməˌnɑn ɪgˈzɪbɪtɪŋ ə haɪ dɪˈgri əv ənd kəmˈplɛksɪti. ənd əˈtɛmpts tɪ ˈmɛdəl wɪθ ðət ˈɔrdər ɔn ðə əˈsəmpʃən ðət wən noʊz mɔr ðən wən ˈrɪli dɪz əˈbaʊt haʊ ɪt wərks ər dumd tɪ feɪl. ˈɑrgjəmənts səʧ ɛz ðɪs ər fəˈmɪljər wɪˈθɪn ðə trəˈdɪʃən. ðə moʊst ˈɑbviəs ˈpɛrəˌlɛl, əv kɔrs, ɪz tɪ bi faʊnd ɪn ðə wərk əv ˈfridrɪk heɪɪk, huz ˈraɪtɪŋz ɔn kəmˈplɛksɪti ənd spɑnˈteɪniəs ˈɔrdər dɪˈvɛləp ðə laɪn əv ˈrizənɪŋ ɪn pərˈhæps ɪts moʊst səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd fɔrm. bət ˈɑrgjəmənts əv ðɪs fɔrm wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkɑmən ɪn ðə ˈraɪtɪŋz əv ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər, hu ˈɔfən ɪmˈplɔɪd ðɛm tɪ wɔrn rɪˈfɔrmərz əv ðə ˈlaɪkli ˌənɪnˈtɛndɪd ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv ðɛr ˈmɛdəlɪŋ. fər ˈspɛnsər, iʧ ˈsoʊʃəl fəˈnɑməˌnɑn "ɪz ə lɪŋk ɪn ən ˈɪnfənət ˈsɪriz ɪz ðə rɪˈzəlt əv əv priˈsidɪŋ fəˈnɑmənə, ənd wɪl hæv ə ʃɛr ɪn prəˈdusɪŋ əv səkˈsidɪŋ wənz." bɪˈkəz fəˈnɑmənə ər ˌɪntərrɪˈleɪtɪd, ɪt ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ðə keɪs ðət "ɪn dɪˈstərbɪŋ ˈɛni ˈnæʧərəl ʧeɪn əv ˈsikwənsɪz, [ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtərz] ər nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈmɑdəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə rɪˈzəlt nɛkst ɪn səkˈsɛʃən, bət ɔl ðə fˈjuʧər rɪˈzəlts ˈɪntu wɪʧ ðɪs wɪl ˈɛnər ɛz ə part-cause*." ˈsoʊʃəl ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ɪz laɪk traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈstreɪtən aʊt ə pleɪt wɪθ ə ˈhæmər əˈtɛmpts tɪ ˈflætən ɪt hir wɪl ˈoʊnli kɔz ɪt tɪ bɛnd ˈsəmˌwɛr ɛls. "wət, ðɛn, ʃæl wi seɪ əˈbaʊt ə soʊˈsaɪɪti? 'du ju θɪŋk aɪ æm ˈiziər tɪ bi pleɪd ɔn ðən ə paɪp?' æsks ˈhæmlɪt. ɪz juˈmænɪti mɔr ˈrɛdəli ˈstreɪtənd ðən ən aɪərn pleɪt?" ˌɪnˈdid, ˈɑrgjəmənts əv ðɪs fɔrm ər ˈɔfən faʊnd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə trəˈdɪʃən ɛz wɛl. ʤeɪmz si. skɑts ˈwəndərfəl bʊk, siɪŋ laɪk ə steɪt, ˈoʊpənz wɪθ ən əˈkaʊnt əv ðə ˈfeɪljərz əv ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈfɔrəstri ɪn leɪt ˈprəʃə ənd ˈsæksəni. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈʧiv ˈmæksəməm jild wɪθ ˈmɪnəməm ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt, ˈfɔrɪst ˈmænɪʤərz ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ə ˈrɪʤɪd, ˈizəli ˈlɛʤəbəl ˈɔrdər ɔn ðɛr triz. ðə ˈfɔrɪst triz wər drɔn əp ˈɪntu serried*, ˈjunəˌfɔrm ræŋks, ɛz ɪt wər, tɪ bi ˈmɛʒərd, ˈkaʊntɪd ɔf, fɛld, ənd ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ ə nu ræŋk ənd faɪl əv ˈlʊkəˌlaɪk ˈkɑnskrɪpts. ɛz ən ˈɑrmi, ɪt wɑz dɪˈzaɪnd frəm əˈbəv tɪ fʊlˈfɪl ə juˈnik ˈpərpəs ənd tɪ bi æt ðə ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən əv ə ˈsɪŋgəl kəˈmændər. æt ðə ˈlɪmət, ðə ˈfɔrɪst ˌɪtˈsɛlf wʊd nɑt ˈivɪn hæv tɪ bi sin; ɪt kʊd bi "rɛd" ˈækjərətli frəm ðə ˈteɪbəlz ənd mæps ɪn ðə ˈɔfəs. bət ðə skɪˈmætɪk ˈvɪʒən əv ðə ˈfɔrəstərz wɑz tu ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə kəmˈplɛksɪti əv ðə ˈfɔrɪst ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm. væst ˈfɔrəsts əv triz daɪd ɔf ɪnˈtaɪərli ɛz ðeɪ feɪld tɪ rɪˈsiv ˈædəkˌweɪt ˈnutriənts frəm ðə sɔɪl ənd fɛl ˈvɪktɪm tɪ pɛsts ənd dɪˈziz. "ən ɪkˈsɛpʃənəli ˈkɑmplɛks ˈprɔˌsɛs ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ sɔɪl ˈbɪldɪŋ, ˈnutriənt ˈəpˌteɪk, ənd ˌsɪmbiˈɑtɪk riˈleɪʃənz əˈməŋ ˈfənʤaɪ, ˈɪnˌsɛkts, ˈmæməlz, ənd ˈflɔrə wɪʧ wər, ənd stɪl ər, nɑt ɪnˈtaɪərli ˌəndərˈstʊd wɑz əˈpɛrəntli dɪsˈrəptɪd, wɪθ ˈsɪriəs ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz." skɑts bʊk ɪz məʧ əˈdɔrd baɪ ˈklæsɪkəl ˈlɪˌbərəlz, dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðə hi ɪkˈsplɪsətli dɪˈnaɪz ðət ɪt ɪz "ə keɪs fər ənˈfɛtərd ˈmɑrkɪt koʊˌɔrdəˈneɪʃən ɛz ərʤd baɪ ˈfridrɪk heɪɪk ənd ˈmɪltən ˈfridmən." bət ðə fækt ðət ə ˈrɛlətɪvli prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈlɪˌbərəl laɪk skɑt kən ɪmˈplɔɪ ˈɑrgjəmənts əv ðə seɪm fɔrm ɛz ðoʊz ɪmˈplɔɪd baɪ ˈspɛnsər, ˈsəmnər, ənd heɪɪk ʃʊd gɪv ˈjuˈɛs pɔz. ɪz skɑt ˈsɪmpli ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ θɪŋk θru ðə ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz əv hɪz pəˈzɪʃən? ər du ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈɑrgjəmənts ˈsɪmpli nɑt du məʧ tɪ meɪk ðə keɪs fər ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr? heɪɪk hɪmˈsɛlf simz tɪ hæv bɪn ˈsəmˈwət æmˈbɪvələnt ɔn ðɪs pɔɪnt. ɪn ðə roʊd tɪ, hi ˈfeɪməsli (ər infamously*, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn hum ju æsk) roʊt ðət "ˈnəθɪŋ həz dən soʊ məʧ hɑrm tɪ ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl kɔz ɛz ðə ˈwʊdən ˌɪnˈsɪstəns əv səm ˈlɪˌbərəlz ɔn ˈsərtən rulz əv θəm, əˈbəv ɔl ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl əv ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm." ˈɛlsˌwɛr, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hi simd tɪ teɪk ə ˈkaɪndər ˈætəˌtud təˈwɔrd ə ˈsərtən woodenness*, ˈraɪtɪŋ ðət "ə səkˈsɛsfəl dɪˈfɛns əv ˈfridəm məst ˈðɛrˌfɔr bi dɔgˈmætɪk ənd meɪk noʊ kənˈsɛʃənz tɪ expediency…*…." fər ˈsəmnər, ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr simz tɪ hæv bɪn ə kaɪnd əv rul əv θəm, bət ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr.," hi roʊt, "ɪz soʊ fɑr frəm ˈminɪŋ ðə ˌənriˈstreɪnd ˈækʃən əv ˈneɪʧər wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns baɪ mæn, ðət ɪt ˈrɪli minz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈræʃənəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ˈjumən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns tɪ ðə əˈsɪstəns əv ˈnæʧərəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt." ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl ɪz ə ˈmæksəm, ə rul əv ɑrt, ðət ɪz ˈjusfəl ɛz ə kərˈɛktɪv əˈgɛnst ˈmænˈkaɪndz ˈnæʧərəl ˈtɛndənsi tɪ over-legislate*. bət ɛz ə ˈmæksəm, ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈæbsəˌlut. ɪt dɪz nɑt rul aʊt steɪt ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns ˌɔltəˈgɛðər. ˈrəðər, ɪt ˈkaʊnsəlz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ bi ˈkɔʃəs ɪn ˌɪnərˈfɪrɪŋ tɪ əˈproʊʧ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ə sɛns əv hjuˈmɪlɪti, ˈrəðər ðən ˈhjubrəs. ˈɑrgjəmənts əv ðɪs sɔrt ˈsərtənli sim tɪ tɛl əˈgɛnst prəˈpoʊzəlz tɪ ˈsɛntrəli ˈmænɪʤ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ɪˈkɑnəmi, lɑ steɪt ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm. bət haʊ məʧ mɔr weɪt kən kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈklæsɪkəl ˈlɪˌbərəlz ˈrɪli pleɪs ɔn ðɛm? du ðeɪ ˈkaʊnsəl əˈgɛnst steɪt ˈwɛlˌfɛr ˈproʊˌgræmz? əˈgɛnst ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz? ˈsoʊʃəˌlaɪzd ˈmɛdəsən? ðə prəˈpoʊnənt əv səʧ ˈligəl ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃənz kən grænt ðət ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪz ə ˈkɑmplɛks ˈsɪstəm ənd ðət ˈprudəns ɪz ˈwɔrəntɪd. bət ðə mɪr fækt ðət ðɛr ər ˈprɑbləmz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ˈhɑrdli simz səˈfɪʃənt tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðət ðə ɪkˈspɛktɪd kɔsts əv ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪkˈsid ðə ɪkˈspɛktɪd ˈbɛnəfɪts. (ðɪs ɪz ə ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ˈɑrgjəmənts fər ˈlɛˌzeɪ ˈʤɛnərəl.) wi kən bi ˈkɔʃəs; wi kən ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ɔn ə smɔl skeɪl; ənd wi kən lərn. skɑts oʊn ˈstɔri pruvz ðə pɔɪnt. ˈprəʃən əˈtɛmpts æt ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈfɔrɪst ˈmænɪʤmənt meɪ hæv bɪn ə bungle*, bət wiv ˈgɔtən məʧ, məʧ ˈbɛtər. ɪz ðɛr səm ˈrizən tɪ θɪŋk ðət ðə seɪm sɔrt əv ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈɪzənt ˈpɑsəbəl ɪn ðə rɛlm əv steɪt ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi? f.a*. heɪɪk, ˈʧæptər 2 "ðə ˈθɪri əv ˈkɑmplɛks fəˈnɑmənə" ɪn ˈstədiz ɪn fəˈlɑsəfi, ˈpɑləˌtɪks ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks (ˈləndən: ˈraʊtlɪʤ pɔl, 1967 pp*. ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt ˈtɑpɪk: spɑnˈteɪniəs ˈɔrdər ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər, "over-legislation*" [fərst ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˌwɛstˈmɪnstər ˌrivˈju fər ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1853 ɪn ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər, ˈɛˌseɪz: ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk, pəˈlɪtɪkəl, ənd ˈspɛkjələtɪv. ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ɪˈdɪʃən, kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈsɛvən ˈɛˌseɪz nɑt ˌbiˈfɔr, ənd ˈvɛriəs ˈəðər əˈdɪʃənz (ˈləndən: ˈwɪljəmz ənd norgate*, 1891 vol*. 3 ˈhæmlɪt sɪz tɪ guildenstern*: "waɪ, lʊk ju naʊ, haʊ ənˈwərði ə θɪŋ ju meɪk əv mi. ju wʊd pleɪ əˈpɑn mi; ju wʊd sim tɪ noʊ maɪ stɑps; ju wʊd plək aʊt ðə hɑrt əv maɪ ˈmɪstəri; ju wʊd saʊnd mi frəm maɪ loʊəst noʊt tɪ ðə tɔp əv maɪ ˈkəmpəs; ənd ðɛr ɪz məʧ mˈjuzɪk, ˈɛksələnt vɔɪs, ɪn ðɪs ˈlɪtəl ˈɔrgən, jɛt ˈkænɑt ju meɪk ɪt spik. 'sblood*, du ju θɪŋk aɪ æm ˈiziər tɪ bi pleɪd ɔn ðən ə paɪp? kɔl mi wət ˈɪnstrəmənt ju wɪl, ðoʊ ju kən frɛt mi, ju ˈkænɑt pleɪ əˈpɑn mi." "ˈhæmlɪt", ækt iii*, sc*. ii*, ðə kəmˈplit wərks əv ˈwɪljəm ˈʃeɪkˌspir (ðə ˈɑksfərd ˈʃeɪkˌspir), ɛd. wɪθ ə ˈglɔsəri baɪ w.j*. kreɪg m.a*. (ˈɑksfərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1916 ˈhərbərt ˈspɛnsər, ðə ˈstədi əv ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi (ˈləndən: ˈhɛnri ɛs. kɪŋ, 1873 ʤeɪmz si. skɑt, siɪŋ laɪk ə steɪt, (nu ˈheɪvən, kɔrt: jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1999 pi. 15 ibid*., pi. 20 ibid*., pi. 8 heɪɪk, ðə roʊd tɪ (ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ: ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ prɛs, 2007 pi. 71 heɪɪk, lɔ, ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən, ənd ˈlɪbərˌti, vol*. 1 (nu jɔrk: ˈraʊtlɪʤ, 1973 pi. 61 ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər," 1886 ɪn ˈsəmnər, ɔn ˈlɪbərˌti, soʊˈsaɪɪti, ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks, ɛd. ˈrɑbərt si. ˈbænɪstər 1992 pi. 228 ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt <https://www.panarchy.org/sumner/laissezfaire.html*>. 2 ˈfɑbioʊ ˈroʊhɑs, "ðə ˈraɪvəlz əv ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns" [ˈpoʊstɪd: ˌʤuˈlaɪ 19 ðə ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns əv ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər həz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ə ˈspɪrɪtəd dɪˈskəʃən əv ðə ˈminɪŋ əv ˈlɛˌzeɪ fɛr æt ðə tərn əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri. ˈsəmnər, ənd ˈəðər ˌɪntəˈlɛkʧuəlz, vjud ðɛr saɪəns ɛz ə saɪəns əv ən ɔrˈgænɪk ənd dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˈsɪstəm. ðɪs həz lɛd ˈəðərz tɪ ˈkætəgərˌaɪz ˈθɪriz əv spɑnˈteɪniəs ˈɔrdər ɛz ə ˌræʃənəlɪˈzeɪʃən əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˌdɑməˈneɪʃən drɛst əp ɪn ˈskɑlərli ˈlæŋgwɪʤ. ɪn maɪ ˌɪˈnɪʃəl rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˈɛˌseɪ ɔn ˈsəmnər, wɪʧ krɪˈtikt ðɪs pɔɪnt, aɪ ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn waɪ ˈpipəl ˈɔfən meɪd ðɪs ʧɑrʤ. aɪ ˈɑrgjud ðət əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən wɪθ ˈɑrgjəmənts ənd ə læk əv ən ˈæktɪvɪst ˈvɪʒən dumd ˈsəmnər ənd ðə ˈkoʊhɔrt əv ˌɪntəˈlɛkʧuəlz. fɪl ˈɛˌseɪ teɪks ɔn ə rɪˈleɪtɪd pɔɪnt. hi ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪts ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈpɑləsiz əv ðə prɑˈgrɛsɪvz hu ˈimərʤd ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðə dɪˈmaɪz əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈθɪri. wət hi faɪndz ɪz ðət prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns əv ðə ˈərli wɑz ˈɔfən pɪʧt ɛz ə dɪˈrɛkt riˈækʃən tɪ ˈθɪŋkərz laɪk ˈsəmnər ənd ˈspɛnsər. hi faɪndz ðət ðeɪ vjud ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns ɛz ə tul tɪ teɪm ðə keɪˈɑtɪk ˌfləkʧuˈeɪʃənz əv ˈmɑrkɪts ənd ðət ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns wɑz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd, ɪn səm ˈɔθərz, wɪθ juˈʤɛnɪk aɪˈdiəz. ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspɑns, aɪ wɪl ˈbrifli təʧ ɔn haʊ ðə dɪˈmaɪz əv ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪd ðə raɪz əv tu ˈraɪvəl trəˈdɪʃənz. wən ɪz ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns, ɛz ɪgˈzɛmpləˌfaɪd baɪ səʧ ˈskɑlərz ɛz w.e.b*. duˈbɔɪs, hu juzd nu tulz tɪ hɛlp grups, səʧ ɛz əˈmɛrɪkən blæks. ðə ˈfiʧərz əv ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns wər ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn maɪ læst rɪˈspɑns: ðə juz əv ˈmɛθədz tɪ ˈstədi ˈmɑrʤənəl grups ənd ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ gɪv ðɛm ˈeɪʤənsi ɪn ˈwɛstərn hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈnɛrətɪvz ənd tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðɛr məˈtɪriəl kənˈdɪʃənz ənd ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ. ðə ˈəðər trəˈdɪʃən, dɪˈskəst baɪ məgˈnis, wɑz ɪmˈbɑdid baɪ ðə juˈʤɛnɪks ˈmuvmənt. ðeɪ tu sɔ ðət ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns kʊd bi ə tul fər ˈteɪmɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪts. bət ˌɪnˈstɛd əv traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈmɪtəˌgeɪt ˈsoʊʃəl ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti, ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˌriɪnˈfɔrs ˈsoʊʃəl ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti. ðɛr ɪz ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti ɪn ˈleɪbəlɪŋ ðɪs ˈmuvmənt "rəˈgrɛsɪv" bɪˈkəz ɪts prækˈtɪʃənərz ər ˈleɪbəld "prəˈgrɛsɪv." pərˈhæps ə ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri ˈleɪbəl wʊd bi "riˈtrɛnʧmənt ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns." ðə ˈhɑlˌmɑrk əv riˈtrɛnʧmənt ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns ɪz ðət ɪt ˈriʤɛkts ˈθɪriz əv spɑnˈteɪniəs ˈɔrdər soʊ ðət ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃənz əˈgɛnst ˌəndɪˈzaɪrəbəl grups meɪ bi pərˈsud. fər ðə ˈərli prɑˈgrɛsɪvz, ðət mɛnt məˈnɔrətiz ənd ˈəðərz ˌəndɪˈzaɪrəbəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz. ɛz məgˈnis noʊts, ðə ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən əˈgɛnst spɪˈsɪfɪk grups tɛndz tɪ bi faʊnd əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd əˈtɛmpts tɪ ˈboʊlstər ˈnæʃənəl ˈgreɪtnəs. tɪ ˈsəmərˌaɪz, ðə dɪˈmaɪz əv ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns dɪd nɑt rɪˈzəlt ɪn ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ə ˈsɪŋgəl ɔlˈtərnətɪv. ɪt rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn æt list tu ˈæktɪvɪst ˌɪntəˈlɛkʧuəlz laɪk duˈbɔɪs ənd riˈtrɛnʧɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪəntɪsts laɪk ˈrɪʧərd ti. ˈilaɪ ənd ʤɑn ɑr. ˈkɑmənz. ˈɛni ˈstudənt əv ˈklæsɪkəl ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ʃʊd ˌəndərˈstænd ðiz tu strimz ɛz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kəmˈpɛtɪtərz tɪ ˈklæsɪkəl ˈlɪˌbərəˌlɪzəm ɪn ðə ˈmɑrkɪtˌpleɪs əv aɪˈdiəz. 3 ˈdeɪvɪd ɛm. hɑrt, "rɪˈmɛmbərɪŋ ˈsəmnər ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmɪst. pɑrt 1 ðə ˈpɔɪzən əv ˈpeɪpər ˈməni" [ˈpoʊstɪd ˌʤuˈlaɪ 19 ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsəmnər bɪˈkeɪm ə ““sociologist”*” hi wɑz ə ˈbɪblɪkəl ˈskɑlər ənd ˈlɪŋgwɪst, ənd ðɛn ən ɪˈkɑnəmɪst. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ðə fʊl ˈhɪstəri əv wərk ɛz ən ɪˈkɑnəmɪst, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk hɪˈstɔriən, ənd fri treɪd ˈæktɪvɪst həz jɛt tɪ bi ˈrɪtən. ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi pleɪd ɪn θɔt wɑz ˌəndərˈstʊd baɪ ðə ˈərli ˈsɛnʧəri ˈɛdɪtər əv hɪz wərks, ˈælbərt ˈgæloʊˌweɪ ˈkɛlər, hu ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət ˈsəmnər hæd ə ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi (wɪʧ wɑz) rɪˈvild ɪn hɪz ˈtiʧɪŋ ənd ˈraɪtɪŋ, (hɪz) ˈdɔti ˈædvəkəsi əv treɪd ənd hɑrd money,”*,” ənd ðə rɪˈlɛntlɪs ɪkˈspoʊʒər əv prəˈtɛkʃəˌnɪzəm ənd əv skimz əv currency-debasement.”*.” ɪn ðɪs ənd ðə nɛkst poʊst aɪ wɪl əˈtɛmpt tɪ gɪv ə brif əˈkaʊnt əv ðiz tu ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪntərɪsts. ˈæftər ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪŋ frəm jeɪl ɪn 1863 ˈsəmnər ˈstədid ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz, θiˈɑləʤi, ənd ˈbɪblɪkəl ˈhɪstəri æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz əv ʤəˈnivə, göttingen*, ənd ˈɑksfərd. hi ðɛn rɪˈtərnd tɪ jeɪl ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 1867 tɪ tiʧ grik ˌbiˈfɔr ˈteɪkɪŋ ə pəˈzɪʃən ɛz ˈrɛktər əv ðə ʧərʧ əv ðə ɪn ˈmɔrəˌstaʊn, nj*. wɛr hi wərkt frəm sɛpˈtɛmbər 1870 tɪ sɛpˈtɛmbər 1872 hi rɪˈtərnd tɪ jeɪl əˈgɛn bət ðɪs taɪm tɪ tiʧ ɪn ən ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈdɪfərənt fild, ðət əv ənd ˈsoʊʃəl sciences”*” əv wɪʧ hi wɑz ə prəˈfɛsər fər ðə nɛkst 37 jɪrz (bɪtˈwin 1872 ənd hɪz rɪˈtaɪərmənt ɪn 1909 wət ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ɪz ðət hi θɔt pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi pleɪd ə ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt roʊl ɪn wət hi kɔld saɪəns ɪn ɪts ˈwaɪdəst sense”*” ənd ðət ˈgɪvɪn dɪˈgreɪdɪd steɪt əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpɑləˌtɪks ənd ˈpəblɪk life”*” ˈɪntu wɪʧ ðə ˈkəntri hæd ˈfɑlən sɪns ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈtɑpɪks mɔr əˈspɛʃəli dɪˈmændz ɑr attention.”*.” ənd ðɪs ɪz wət wʊd ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ məʧ əv hɪz taɪm fər ðə nɛkst 20 jɪrz. hi ˈsəmərˌaɪzd wət wʊd bi ˈɔlˌmoʊst hɪz wərk ɪn ˈkaʊnərɪŋ ðə ənd ˈsoʊʃəl deterioration”*” əv ðə ˈneɪʃən wɪʧ wɑz kɔzd baɪ ðə mistakes”*” əv prəˈtɛktɪv ˈtɛrəfs ənd ˈpeɪpər ˈməni, mɪˈsteɪks wɪʧ wər ˈoʊnli meɪd wərs baɪ ˈpɑləsiz əˈdɑptəd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr. ˈsəmnər bɪˈlivd ɪt wɑz ðə tæsk əv ðə ɪˈkɑnəmɪst, ɪn huz ræŋks hi bɪˈlivd hi stʊd, tɪ pɔɪnt aʊt ðiz mɪˈsteɪks ənd ðə ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk weɪst ðeɪ kɔzd fər ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈpipəl: aɪ əˈfərm ðət ðə kˈwɛsʧənz ɔn wɪʧ ɑr ˈnæʃənəl fˈjuʧər dɪˈpɛndz ər kˈwɛsʧənz əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi, kˈwɛsʧənz əv ˈleɪbər ənd ˈkæpɪtəl, əv ˈfaɪˌnæns ənd tækˈseɪʃən. ðə fruts əv ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr dɪd nɑt sis wɪn ðə ˈɑrmiz dɪsˈbændɪd. ɪt lɛft ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ənd ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈlɛgəsiz huz fruts, ɛz ˈɛvəri ˈstudənt əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns noʊz, ər sloʊ ɪn ˈraɪpənɪŋ; ənd ðeɪ kənˈteɪn sidz əv fˈjuʧər ənd stɪl mɔr dɪˈzæstrəs krɑps. noʊ mæn kən ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðiz lɔŋ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ rɪˈzəlts. noʊ mæn kən tɛl wət ˈsoʊʃəl, ˈmɔrəl, ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃənz ðeɪ meɪ ˈproʊdus. ðɛr ɪz noʊ fild əv ækˈtɪvɪti wɪʧ naʊ kɔlz soʊ ˈərʤəntli fər ðə ækˈtɪvɪti əv ˈɑnəst ənd ˌkɑnʃiˈɛnʃəs mɛn ɛz ðə ˌɛnˈlaɪtənmənt əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpəblɪk ɔn ðə ˈneɪʧər ənd ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl rɪˈzəlts əv ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ənd ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈɛrərz tɪ wɪʧ ðeɪ ər kəˈmɪtɪd. ðə ˈpeɪtriəˌtɪzəm wɪθ wɪʧ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl səbˈmɪtəd tɪ ðə ˈbərdənz əv tækˈseɪʃən ənd ˈpeɪpər ˈməni, bɪˈlivɪŋ ðɛm tɪ bi ˈnɛsəˌsɛri pɑrts əv ðə ˈivəl əv ðə wɔr, ɪz dɪˈzərvɪŋ əv ðə moʊst ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk ˌædmərˈeɪʃən. ɪt sərvz ˈoʊnli tɪ ˈdipən ðə ˈsædnəs wɪθ wɪʧ ðə ɪˈkɑnəmɪst məst dɪˈklɛr ðə kənˈvɪkʃən ðət ðə ˈpeɪpər ˈməni ˈnɛvər wɑz ə nəˈsɛsɪti, ˈnɛvər kʊd ɪn ðə ˈneɪʧər əv θɪŋz bi ə nəˈsɛsɪti ˈɛni mɔr ðən ɪt kʊd bi ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər ə fəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈpɔɪzən ə ˈpeɪʃənt ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kjʊr ɪm əv ˈfivər ər fər ə mæn tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈbæŋkrəpt tɪ ɪˈskeɪp ˌɪnˈsɑlvənsi; ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ðɪs ˈəðər kənˈvɪkʃən, nɑt ə ˈmætər əv saɪəns bət əv ˈhɪstəri, ðət ðə nəˈsɛsɪti fər tækˈseɪʃən həz bɪn əˈbjuzd baɪ ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ə prəˈtɛktɪv ˈtɛrəf wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ðə ˈbərdən wɪʧ ɪt priˈtɛndz tɪ ˈkɛri. ðiz tu ˈsəbʤɪkts, ˈməni ənd ˈtɛrəf, wɪl bi ðə ˈsəbʤɪkts əv maɪ ˈlɛkʧərz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzənt tərm. ˈsəmnər bɪˈgæn hɪz nu ˌækəˈdɛmɪk kərɪr wɪθ ə spərt əv ækˈtɪvɪti ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪk əv ˈpeɪpər ˈməni, ˈraɪtɪŋ ə 109 peɪʤ əv ˈpeɪpər money”*” ɪn 1873 (ənˈpəblɪʃt), ə 400 peɪʤ əv əˈmɛrɪkən currency”*” (ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 1874 əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl ˈʃɔrtər ˈpisɪz ɔn ˈməni ənd ˈkərənsi ˈɪʃuz ɪn ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈpisɪz hi roʊt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˈpɪriəd ər dɪˈteɪld hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ənd ˈtɛknɪkəl dɪˈskəʃənz əv ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈgəvərnmənt ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈpɑləsiz wɪʧ wər nɑt ˈrɪtən fər ˈpɑpjələr ˈɔdiənsəz soʊ ə ˈpɪθi ˈsteɪtmənt əv hɪz vjuz ər hɑrd tɪ faɪnd. hi dɪz ˌhaʊˈɛvər kwoʊt ə ˈpæsɪʤ baɪ ˈwɛbstər ˈvɛri əˈpruvɪŋli ɪn ə ˈhɪstəri əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkərənsi wɪʧ aɪ bɪˈlivz səmz əp hɪz oʊn əˈpɪnjən əv ðə hɑrm kɔzd baɪ ˈpeɪpər ˈməni: ə dɪˈsɔrdərd ˈkərənsi ɪz wən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈivəlz. ɪt ˌəndərˈmaɪnz ðə ˈvərʧuz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər ðə səˈpɔrt əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsɪstəm, ənd ɪnˈkərəʤəz prəˈpɛnsətiz dɪˈstrəktɪv tɪ ɪts ˈhæpinəs. ɪt wɔrz əˈgɛnst ˈɪndəstri, fruˈgæləti, ənd ɪˈkɑnəmi, ənd ɪt ˈfɑstərz ðə ˈivəl ˈspɪrɪts əv ɛkˈstrævəgəns ənd ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən. əv ɔl ðə kənˈtraɪvənsɪz fər ˈʧitɪŋ ðə ˈleɪbərɪŋ ˈklæsɪz əv ˈmænˈkaɪnd, nən həz bɪn mɔr ðən ðət wɪʧ dɪˈludz ðɛm wɪθ ˈpeɪpər ˈməni. ðɪs ɪz ðə moʊst əv ˌɪnˈvɛnʃənz tɪ ˈfərtəˌlaɪz ðə rɪʧ fild baɪ ðə swɛt əv ðə pur braʊ. ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈtɪrəni, əˈprɛʃən, ɪkˈsɛsɪv tækˈseɪʃən, ðiz bɛr ˈlaɪtli ɔn ðə ˈhæpinəs əv ðə mæs əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti, kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈfrɔʤələnt ˈkərənsiz ənd ðə ˈrɑbəriz kəˈmɪtɪd baɪ dɪˈpriʃiˌeɪtɪd ˈpeɪpər. ɑr oʊn ˈhɪstəri həz rɪˈkɔrdɪd fər ɑr ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən ɪˈnəf, ənd mɔr ðən ɪˈnəf, əv ðə dɪˈmɔrəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈtɛndənsi, ðə ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs, ənd ðə ˌɪnˈtɑlərəbəl əˈprɛʃən ɔn ðə ˈvərʧuəs ənd wɛl dɪˈspoʊzd, əv ə dɪˈgreɪdɪd ˈpeɪpər ˈkərənsi, ˈɔθərˌaɪzd baɪ lɔ, ər ˈɛni weɪ ˈkaʊntənənst baɪ ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈsɪmələr kən bi faʊnd ɪn ðə sˈlaɪtli ˈleɪtər ˈɛˌseɪ ɔn fərˈgɑtən man”*” 1883 wɛr ˈsəmnər ˈɑrgjuz ðət ɪt ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəl tɪ prəˈtɛkt hɪz ənd savings”*” frəm ðə ˈrævɪʤɪz əv ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən ənd ðə dɪˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈkərənsi: hɛns, ɪf ju kɛr fər ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn, ju wɪl bi ʃʊr tɪ bi ʧɑrʤd wɪθ nɑt ˈkɛrɪŋ fər ðə pur. ˌwəˈtɛvər ju du fər ˈɛni əv ðə ˈpɛtɪd ˈklæsɪz weɪsts ˈkæpɪtəl. ɪf ju du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ fər ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn, ju məst sɪˈkjʊr ɪm hɪz ˈərnɪŋz ənd ˈseɪvɪŋz, ðət ɪz, ju ˈlɛʤɪsˌleɪt fər ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti əv ˈkæpɪtəl ənd fər ɪts fri ɪmˈplɔɪmənt; ju məst əˈpoʊz ˈpeɪpər ˈməni, ˈwaɪldˌkæt ˈbæŋkɪŋ ənd ˈjuʒəri lɔz ənd ju məst meɪnˈteɪn ðə əv ˈkɑnˌtrækts. hɛns ju məst bi priˈpɛrd tɪ bi toʊld ðət ju ˈfeɪvər ðə ˈkæpətəlɪst klæs, ðə ˈɛnəmi əv ðə pur mæn. ðə jɪrz frəm 1872 tɪ 1876 wɑz ðə fərst ˈpɪriəd əv kərɪr ɛz ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmɪst ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ hi ˈfoʊkɪst ˈmeɪnli ɔn ˈməni ənd ˈkərənsi ˈɪʃuz. ɪn ðə spərɪŋ əv 1876 hi wʊd bɪˈgɪn ə ˈsɛkənd ˈpɪriəd wɪʧ ˈlæstɪd 10 jɪrz ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ hi wʊd tərn hɪz əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə ˈmætər əv ˈtɛrəf prəˈtɛkʃən ənd fri treɪd ɔn wɪʧ hi wʊd raɪt ˈmɛni mɔr ækˈsɛsəbəl ˈɑrtɪkəlz, bʊks, ənd ˈɛˌseɪz. ðɪs wɪl bi ðə ˈtɑpɪk əv maɪ nɛkst poʊst. ˈprɛfəs tɪ ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn ənd ˈəðər ˈɛˌseɪz, ɛd. ˈælbərt ˈgæloʊˌweɪ ˈkɛlər (nu ˈheɪvən: jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1918 si hɪz ˈproʊˌgræm fər hɪz ˈkɔrsɪz ɪn ðə ˈlɛkʧər tɪ ˈkɔrsɪz ɪn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈsoʊʃəl science”*” 1873 ɪn ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, ðə ˈʧælənʤ əv fækts ənd ˈəðər ˈɛˌseɪz, ɛd. ˈælbərt ˈgæloʊˌweɪ ˈkɛlər (nu ˈheɪvən: jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1914 ˈkɛlər noʊts ɪn ðə noʊt tɪ ðə fərˈgɑtən mæn ənd ˈəðər ˈɛˌseɪz ðət hi faʊnd ɪn ˈpeɪpərz æt jeɪl ˈpeɪʤɪz əv noʊts fər ˈklæsˌrum use”*” wɪʧ hi juzd ɪn hɪz kɔrs ɔn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi. ˈlɛkʧər tɪ ˈkɔrsɪz ɪn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈsoʊʃəl science”*” ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər, ə ˈhɪstəri əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkərənsi, wɪθ ˈʧæptərz ɔn ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ bæŋk riˈstrɪkʃən ənd ˈɔstriən ˈpeɪpər ˈməni, tɪ wɪʧ ɪz əˈpɛndɪd ˈbʊljən report”*” (nu jɔrk: ˈhɛnri hoʊlt ənd ˈkəmpəˌni, 1884 ˈsəmnər, ə ˈhɪstəri əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkərənsi ˈsəmnər, fərˈgɑtən man”*” 4 ˈfɪlɪp məgˈnis, "ˈwɪljəm græm ˈsəmnər ɛz hɪˈstɔriən" [ˈpoʊstɪd: ˌʤuˈlaɪ 23 wən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ənd ˈseɪljənt ˈfiʧər əv ðə dɪˈskəʃən soʊ fɑr ɪz ðə væst əˈmaʊnt əv ˈɛvədəns pərˈzɛnəd ðət hɪz ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən həz ˈsəfərd ənˈʤəstli ɪn hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃən. ðɪs ɪz tru əv boʊθ ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈdɑrwɪˌnɪzəm slər ðət mæt zvəˈlɪnski ˈnoʊtɪd ɪn hɪz ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈɛˌseɪ, ənd ɪn ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˈpætərn əv nɪˈglɛkt wi hæv sin əraʊnd dɪˈstɪŋktɪv hjuˈmeɪn dɪˈmɛnʃənz: hɪz hɑrʃ ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˌɪmˈpɪriəˌlɪzəm ənd wɔr, hɪz kruˈseɪd əˈgɛnst kərˈəpʃən ənd ˈkroʊniˌɪzəm, ənd hɪz ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz tɪ ə ˈθɪri əv klæs ðət sɔt tɪ rut aʊt ðə ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃiˌɛriz əv ənˈdu ənd ənˈʤəst ˈgəvərnmənt ˈprɪvɪˌlɪʤɪz. ə rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˈfiʧər əv pur ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən təˈdeɪ ɪz ðət səm əv ɪts meɪn ˈkəlprɪts ər hɪˈstɔriənz, ənd ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl hɪˈstɔriənz. waɪl mɪˌskærəktərəˈzeɪʃənz əv ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈhɪstəri hæv bɪn ˈpɪnˌpɔɪntɪd ɛz ə ˈpraɪˌmɛri sɔrs əv ðɪs ˈprɑbləm, aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ reɪz ə rɪˈleɪtɪd dɪˈmɛnʃən ɪn ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət wən əv ðə ˈmɛni ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl hæts ðət ˈsəmnər hɪmˈsɛlf wɔr wɑz ðət əv ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl hɪˈstɔriən. səm əv hɪz wərks ɪn ðə ˈprɛzənt deɪ fɛl ɪn ðɪs ˈʒɑnrə, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðeɪ wəns ræŋkt əˈməŋ hɪz moʊst fəˈmɪljər ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz. ɛz ˈdeɪvɪd hɑrts rɪˈspɑns əˈbəv noʊts, ˈraɪtɪŋz ɔn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈhɪstəri sərvd ɛz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈviɪkəl fər kənˈveɪɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈlɑʤɪk ɛz wɛl. tɪ ðɪs ɛnd hi roʊt səbˈstænʃəl hɪˈstɔrɪkəl wərks ɔn ˈbæŋkɪŋ, ɔn ˈkərənsi, ənd ɔn ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl dɪˈmɛnʃənz əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. hi ˈɔlsoʊ tʊk ə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl əˈproʊʧ tɪ hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈtɑpɪk əv fri treɪd, ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ ə kəˈlɛkʃən əv faɪv ˈlɛkʧərz ɔn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv prəˈtɛkʃən ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ðiz ˈlɛsənz juzd ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl prəˈgrɛʃən əv ðə ˈtɛrəf ˈsɪstəm frəm ðə ˈfaʊndɪŋ ˈɪrə θru hɪz oʊn taɪm tɪ ɛˈsɛnʃəli tiʧ ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks əv treɪd ənd tækˈseɪʃən. ɪn ˈsɛvərəl ˈɪnstənsɪz, proʊˈfaʊnd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪnˌsaɪts meɪ bi faʊnd ˈlərkɪŋ əˈmɪdst wət ɪz ɑˈstɛnsəbli ə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl əˈkaʊnt. ðə 1883 tɛkst, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, rɪˈvilz wən səʧ ˈlɛsən ɪn ɪts dɪˈskəʃən əv ˈtɛrəf ˈhɪstəri. ˈkɔlɪŋ əˈpɑn ˈædəm smɪθs ˈmæksəmz əv tækˈseɪʃən ənd ˈædɪŋ hɪz oʊn aɪ fər ˌænəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən, ˈsəmnər ˈæˌkʧuəli dɪˈvɛləpt ən ˈərli priˈkərsər tɪ ðə ˈlæfər kərv wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈtɛrəf ˈsɪstəm. "prəˈtɛktɪv ˈtɛrəfs ər ˈhɑstəl tɪ ˈrɛvəˌnu," hi ˈnoʊtɪd, ɔn əˈkaʊnt əv ðɛr ˈpərpəs əv prɪˈvɛnɪŋ importations*. "ðə ˈmoʊmənt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ə tæks bɪˈgɪnz tɪ hæv ðɪs ˈifɛkt ɪt prɪˈvɛnts ˈrɛvəˌnu. hɛns wɛr prəˈtɛkʃən bɪˈgɪnz, ðɛr ˈrɛvəˌnu ɛndz." ˈbɪldɪŋ ɔn ðɪs ˈprɪnsəpəl, hi prəˈsidəd tɪ daɪˈsɛkt ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl prəˈgrɛʃən ənd ˈpərpəsɪz əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈtɛrəf ˈstæʧuts. hɪz dɪˈskəʃən əv ðə ˈtɛnʧənz bɪtˈwin tu əˈbʤɛktɪvz ˈrɛvəˌnu ənd prəˈtɛktɪv rɛnts boʊθ ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪts ˈmɑdərn ˈθɪri ənd kənˈteɪnz ə mɔr səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ðən ˈmɛni ˈmɑdərn hɪˈstɔrɪkəl wərks ɔn ðə seɪm ˈsəbʤɪkt. əˈnəðər ˈkloʊsli rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈfɔreɪ ˈɪntu hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp meɪ bi faʊnd ɪn ˈkrɪtɪkəl baɪˈɑgrəfi əv ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈhæməltən, ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 1890 ɪt wɑz ˈrɪtən æt ə taɪm ðət ˈhæməltən ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp wɑz maɪrd ɪn ə ˈmɪksʧər əv ˈfaʊndɪŋ ˈfɑðər ˌhægiˈɑgrəfi ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃən tɪ ˈboʊlstər ðə ˈɪʃuz əv ðə deɪ. wən əv ðə ˈlidɪŋ ˈhæməltən "ˈskɑlərz" æt ðə tərn əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri wɑz ðə ˈsɛnətər ˈhɛnri ˈkæbət lɑʤ əv ˌmæsəˈʧusəts. lɑʤ meɪd ə ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈhæbət əv ɛnˈlɪstɪŋ hɪz ˈsəbʤɪkt ˈmætərz əˈθɔrəti tɪ hɪz oʊn ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv əˈʤɛndə, prɪˈzɛntɪŋ ɪt ɛz ə juˈnikli əˈmɛrɪkən ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd ˈbɑroʊɪŋ ˈhɛvəli əˈpɑn ˈhæməltənz ˈlɛgəsi tɪ ˌdɪfərˈɛnʧiˌeɪt hɪz prəˈtɛkʃənɪst ˈprɑʤɛkt frəm boʊθ ðə pur riˈpjut əv ðə əv oʊld ənd ðə ˌɪmˈpɪriəl dɪˈzaɪnz əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən prəˈtɛkʃənɪst kənˈtɛmpərˌɛriz praɪˈmɛrəli ɪn ðə ˈimərʤɪŋ steɪt əv ˈʤərməni. ˈsəmnər səˈbʤɛktɪd ˈhæməltənz ˈrɛkərd tɪ ˈskrutəni. hi ˈizəli dɪˈspɛld ðə kleɪmd ˈnɑvəlti ənd ərˌɪʤəˈnælɪti əv ðə ˈsɪstəm, ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈtreɪsɪz əv prəˈtɛkʃənɪst ˈrizənɪŋ ɔn treɪd ɪn ðə ˈərliəst ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ˈhæməltənz pəˈlɪtɪkəl kərɪr. ˈsəmnər spəˈsɪfɪkli rɪˈbətɪd ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət ˈhæməltənz ˈfeɪməs rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ˌmænjəˈfækʧərz wɑz ə wərk əv dip ˈθɪri ənd ərˈɪʤənəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪnˌsaɪt. ɛz hi ʃoʊd ˈjuzɪŋ fərst ˈtrɛʒəri ˈsɛkrəˌtɛriz oʊn ˈərliər ˈsteɪtmənts, ˈhæməltən "wɑz kəmˈplitli ɪn ðə mɪsts əv mərˈkæntəˌlɪzəm," hɪz wərks kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv ðə riˈsaɪkəld "ˈdɑktrənz əv ðə fərst kˈwɔrtər əv ðə ˈeɪˈtinθ ˈsɛnʧəri." dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs proʊˈklɪvəti, ˈhæməltənz oʊn ˈtɛrəfs wər nɑt kwaɪt ðə ˈsɪstəm ðət lɑʤ ənd ˈəðər kleɪmd. sɪns ðeɪ wər ˈrutɪd ɪn ə ˈlɑrʤər ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈrɛvəˌnu ˈsɪstəm, ˈhæməltənz ˈtɛrəfs wər "ˈhɑstəl tɪ ˈɛni ɛkˈstrævəgənt reɪts" əˈʧivd æt ðə nɪˈglɛkt əv ˈɛksaɪz |
the foreign affairs department is advising canadians to avoid travel to south sudan.
in an advisory issued late monday night, foreign affairs also urged any canadians still in the nation to get out as soon as possible.
earlier monday, civilian helicopters evacuated u.s. citizens from, which has seen bouts of heavy fire, but citizens from countries including canada, britain and kenya remain trapped there, a top un official said monday.
toby lanzer, the humanitarian co-ordinator, said australians, and ethiopians are also among total people seeking protection at a un base in, a city that could see increasing violence in coming days.
the death toll from a week of violence in south sudan has likely surpassed people, though there are no firm numbers available, he said. the number of internal refugees has likely surpassed, said lanzer, who is seeking urgent financial assistance from the international community.
"i can't afford any delays from donor capitals right now," he told the associated press in a phone call. "never has there been a greater time of need in south sudan."
secretary general ban is urging the un security council to add troops and police to the un peacekeeping mission in south sudan.
ban proposed in a letter to the council obtained monday by the associated press that the troops be transferred from un missions in congo, darfur, abyei, ivory coast and liberia along with three attack helicopters, three utility helicopters and a military transport plane.
france's un ambassador gerard araud, the current council president, said he expects the council to vote tuesday on a resolution authorizing the transfers.
bor is the city where rebel forces fired on three u.s. military aircraft on saturday, forcing the advanced hybrids to abort their evacuation mission. on sunday the u.s. evacuated americans by civilian u.s. and un helicopters.
the u.s. over the last week has evacuated 380 americans and 300 others from south sudan, which has seen vicious, ethnically targeted violence pulse through the nation. military commanders loyal to the country's ousted vice-president have defected and say they are now in control of regions that hold lucrative oil fields.
lanzer, who spent the weekend in, said the city is experiencing tense, sporadic clashes and "fairly consistent gunfire and heavy fire."
canada's department of foreign affairs says about 100 canadian citizens have registered with the department in south sudan, according to the james fitz-morris. there could be many more who haven't registered since it's voluntary.
u.s. troops wounded during evacuation
the violence began late on dec. 15. south sudan president salva kiir, an ethnic, said last week that an attempted military coup had triggered the violence, and the blame was placed on former vice-president riek machar, an ethnic. other officials have since said a fight between and members of the presidential guard triggered the fighting, which across the country.
south sudan's central government lost control of the capital of a key state on sunday, the military said, as renegade forces loyal to a former deputy president seized more territory in fighting that has raised fears of full-blown civil war in the world's newest country. press) analysts have suggested that a tribal militia known as the white army from the lou ethnic group is moving toward, which is populated bys. lanzer said he couldn't say anything with precision about those reports.
"everybody knows that is a strategic location," he said. "it would be difficult for me to imagine a scenario in which is completely calm and safe over the coming days," he said, adding that he thinks violence could become "very heavy," which is why the un is fortifying its position there.
the u.s. over the weekend deployed about 46 troops to help evacuate american citizens. that was in addition to 45 troops sent to the capital, juba, last week to protect the u.s. embassy. four u.s. troops were wounded in the evacuation attempt saturday.
u.s. president barack obama over the weekend sent a letter to congressional leaders letting them know he may take further military action in south sudan to protect u.s. citizens, personnel and property.
fighting continued over the weekend, as the central government acknowledged it has lost control of bentiu, the capital unity, a key state.
east african leaders are leading diplomatic efforts to avoid a full-blown civil war. south sudan experienced decades of war with sudan, which it peacefully broke away from in 2011. | ðə ˈfɔrən əˈfɛrz dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪz ædˈvaɪzɪŋ kəˈneɪdiənz tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈtrævəl tɪ saʊθ suˈdæn. ɪn ən ædˈvaɪzəri ˈɪʃud leɪt ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt, ˈfɔrən əˈfɛrz ˈɔlsoʊ ərʤd ˈɛni kəˈneɪdiənz stɪl ɪn ðə ˈneɪʃən tɪ gɪt aʊt ɛz sun ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ˈərliər ˈmənˌdeɪ, səˈvɪljən ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd juz. ˈsɪtɪzənz frəm, wɪʧ həz sin baʊts əv ˈhɛvi faɪər, bət ˈsɪtɪzənz frəm ˈkəntriz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkænədə, ˈbrɪtən ənd ˈkɛnjə rɪˈmeɪn træpt ðɛr, ə tɔp ˈjuˈɛn əˈfɪʃəl sɛd ˈmənˌdeɪ. ˈtoʊbi ˈlænzər, ðə ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən co-ordinator*, sɛd ɔˈstreɪljənz, ənd ˌiθiˈoʊpiənz ər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈməŋ ˈtoʊtəl ˈpipəl ˈsikɪŋ prəˈtɛkʃən æt ə ˈjuˈɛn beɪs ɪn, ə ˈsɪti ðət kʊd si ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈvaɪələns ɪn ˈkəmɪŋ deɪz. ðə dɛθ toʊl frəm ə wik əv ˈvaɪələns ɪn saʊθ suˈdæn həz ˈlaɪkli sərˈpæst ˈpipəl, ðoʊ ðɛr ər noʊ fərm ˈnəmbərz əˈveɪləbəl, hi sɛd. ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz həz ˈlaɪkli sərˈpæst sɛd ˈlænzər, hu ɪz ˈsikɪŋ ˈərʤənt ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl əˈsɪstəns frəm ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kəmˈjunɪti. "aɪ kænt əˈfɔrd ˈɛni dɪˈleɪz frəm ˈdoʊnər ˈkæpɪtəlz raɪt naʊ," hi toʊld ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs ɪn ə foʊn kɔl. "ˈnɛvər həz ðɛr bɪn ə ˈgreɪtər taɪm əv nid ɪn saʊθ suˈdæn." ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤɛnərəl bæn ɪz ˈərʤɪŋ ðə ˈjuˈɛn sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkaʊnsəl tɪ æd trups ənd pəˈlis tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛn ˈpiˌskipɪŋ ˈmɪʃən ɪn saʊθ suˈdæn. bæn prəˈpoʊzd ɪn ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə ˈkaʊnsəl əbˈteɪnd ˈmənˌdeɪ baɪ ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs ðət ðə trups bi ˈtrænsfərd frəm ˈjuˈɛn ˈmɪʃənz ɪn ˈkɑŋgoʊ, ˌdɑˈfur, abyei*, ˈaɪvəri koʊst ənd ˌlaɪˈbɪˌriə əˈlɔŋ wɪθ θri əˈtæk ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz, θri juˈtɪləti ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz ənd ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈtrænspɔrt pleɪn. ˈfrænsɪz ˈjuˈɛn æmˈbæsədər ʤərɑrd araud*, ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈkaʊnsəl ˈprɛzɪdənt, sɛd hi ɪkˈspɛkts ðə ˈkaʊnsəl tɪ voʊt ˈtuzˌdeɪ ɔn ə ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ˈɔθərˌaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈtrænsfərz. ɪz ðə ˈsɪti wɛr ˈrɛbəl ˈfɔrsɪz faɪərd ɔn θri juz. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɛrˌkræft ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðə ədˈvænst ˈhaɪbrədz tɪ əˈbɔrt ðɛr ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən ˈmɪʃən. ɔn ˈsənˌdi ðə juz. ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd əˈmɛrɪkənz baɪ səˈvɪljən juz. ənd ˈjuˈɛn ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz. ðə juz. ˈoʊvər ðə læst wik həz ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd 380 əˈmɛrɪkənz ənd 300 ˈəðərz frəm saʊθ suˈdæn, wɪʧ həz sin ˈvɪʃəs, ˈɛθnɪkli ˈtɑrgətɪd ˈvaɪələns pəls θru ðə ˈneɪʃən. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kəˈmændərz lɔɪəl tɪ ðə ˈkəntriz ˈaʊstɪd ˈvaɪˈsprɛzədənt hæv dɪˈfɛktɪd ənd seɪ ðeɪ ər naʊ ɪn kənˈtroʊl əv ˈriʤənz ðət hoʊld ˈlukrətɪv ɔɪl fildz. ˈlænzər, hu spɛnt ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd ɪn, sɛd ðə ˈsɪti ɪz ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ tɛns, spərˈædɪk ˈklæʃɪz ənd "ˈfɛrli kənˈsɪstənt ˈgənˌfaɪər ənd ˈhɛvi faɪər." ˈkænədəz dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈfɔrən əˈfɛrz sɪz əˈbaʊt 100 kəˈneɪdiən ˈsɪtɪzənz hæv ˈrɛʤɪstərd wɪθ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪn saʊθ suˈdæn, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ʤeɪmz fitz-morris*. ðɛr kʊd bi ˈmɛni mɔr hu ˈhævənt ˈrɛʤɪstərd sɪns ɪts ˈvɑləntɛri. juz. trups ˈwundɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən ðə ˈvaɪələns bɪˈgæn leɪt ɔn dɛk. 15 saʊθ suˈdæn ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈsɑlvə kiir*, ən ˈɛθnɪk, sɛd læst wik ðət ən əˈtɛmptəd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ku hæd ˈtrɪgərd ðə ˈvaɪələns, ənd ðə bleɪm wɑz pleɪst ɔn ˈfɔrmər ˈvaɪˈsprɛzədənt rik machar*, ən ˈɛθnɪk. ˈəðər əˈfɪʃəlz hæv sɪns sɛd ə faɪt bɪtˈwin ənd ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl gɑrd ˈtrɪgərd ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ, wɪʧ əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri. saʊθ suˈdænz ˈsɛntrəl ˈgəvərnmənt lɔst kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈkæpɪtəl əv ə ki steɪt ɔn ˈsənˌdi, ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri sɛd, ɛz ˈrɛnəˌgeɪd ˈfɔrsɪz lɔɪəl tɪ ə ˈfɔrmər ˈdɛpjəti ˈprɛzɪdənt sizd mɔr ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ɪn ˈfaɪtɪŋ ðət həz reɪzd fɪrz əv ˌfʊlˈbloʊn ˈsɪvəl wɔr ɪn ðə wərldz nuəst ˈkəntri. prɛs) ˈænəlɪsts hæv səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ə ˈtraɪbəl mɪˈlɪʃə noʊn ɛz ðə waɪt ˈɑrmi frəm ðə lu ˈɛθnɪk grup ɪz ˈmuvɪŋ təˈwɔrd, wɪʧ ɪz ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd baɪ dinkas*. ˈlænzər sɛd hi ˈkʊdənt seɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ wɪθ priˈsɪʒən əˈbaʊt ðoʊz rɪˈpɔrts. "ˈɛvriˌbɑdi noʊz ðət ɪz ə strəˈtiʤɪk loʊˈkeɪʃən," hi sɛd. "ɪt wʊd bi ˈdɪfəkəlt fər mi tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ə sɪˈnɛrioʊ ɪn wɪʧ ɪz kəmˈplitli kɑm ənd seɪf ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkəmɪŋ deɪz," hi sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət hi θɪŋks ˈvaɪələns kʊd bɪˈkəm "ˈvɛri ˈhɛvi," wɪʧ ɪz waɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛn ɪz ˈfɔrtɪˌfaɪɪŋ ɪts pəˈzɪʃən ðɛr. ðə juz. ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd dɪˈplɔɪd əˈbaʊt 46 trups tɪ hɛlp ɪˈvækjəˌeɪt əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪtɪzənz. ðət wɑz ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ 45 trups sɛnt tɪ ðə ˈkæpɪtəl, ˈʤubə, læst wik tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə juz. ˈɛmbəsi. fɔr juz. trups wər ˈwundɪd ɪn ðə ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən əˈtɛmpt ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. juz. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd sɛnt ə ˈlɛtər tɪ kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈlidərz ˈlɛtɪŋ ðɛm noʊ hi meɪ teɪk ˈfərðər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈækʃən ɪn saʊθ suˈdæn tɪ prəˈtɛkt juz. ˈsɪtɪzənz, ˌpərsəˈnɛl ənd ˈprɑpərti. ˈfaɪtɪŋ kənˈtɪnjud ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd, ɛz ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈgəvərnmənt ækˈnɑlɪʤd ɪt həz lɔst kənˈtroʊl əv bentiu*, ðə ˈkæpɪtəl ˈjunɪti, ə ki steɪt. ist ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈlidərz ər ˈlidɪŋ ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈɛfərts tɪ əˈvɔɪd ə ˌfʊlˈbloʊn ˈsɪvəl wɔr. saʊθ suˈdæn ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈdɛkeɪdz əv wɔr wɪθ suˈdæn, wɪʧ ɪt ˈpisfəli broʊk əˈweɪ frəm ɪn 2011 |
"todai" here. for the restaurant chain, see (restaurant)
coordinates:
the university of tokyo (東京大学, tōkyō daigaku), abbreviated as (東大,] or] is a public research university located in bunkyo, tokyo, japan. established in 1877 as the first imperial university, it is one of japan's most prestigious universities.
the university has 10 faculties and enrolls about students, of whom are international students. its five campuses are in hongō, komaba, kashiwa, and nakano. it is among the top type of the select japanese universities assigned additional funding under the top global university project to enhance japan's global educational]
the university has graduated many notable alumni, including 17 prime ministers, 16 nobel prize laureates, 3 pritzker prize laureates, 3 astronauts, and 1 fields]
history [ edit ]
the university was chartered by the meiji government in 1877 under its current name by amalgamating older government schools for medicine, various traditional scholars and modern learning. it was renamed "the imperial university (帝國大學, teikoku daigaku)" in 1886, and then tokyo imperial university (東京帝國大學, tōkyō teikoku daigaku) in 1897 when the imperial university system was created. in september 1923, an earthquake and the following fires destroyed about volumes of the imperial university] the books lost included the library (星野文庫, bunko), a collection of about] the books were the former possessions of before becoming part of the library of the university and were mainly about chinese philosophy and history.
in 1947, after japan's defeat in world war ii, it its original name. with the start of the new university system in 1949, swallowed up the former first higher school (today's komaba campus) and the former tokyo higher school, which thenceforth assumed the duty of teaching first- and undergraduates, while the faculties on main campus took care of third- and students.
although the university was founded during the meiji period, it has earlier roots in the astronomy agency (天文方; 1684), study office (昌平坂学問所; 1797), and the western books translation agency (蕃書和解御用;] these institutions were government offices established by the (1603–1867), and played an important role in the importation and translation of books from europe.
kikuchi dairoku, an important figure in japanese education, served as president of tokyo imperial university.
for the 1964 summer olympics, the university hosted the running portion of the modern pentathlon]
on 20 january 2012, announced that it would shift the beginning of its academic year from april to september to align its calendar with the international standard. the shift would be phased in over five] but this unilateral announcement by the president was received badly and the university abandoned the plans.
according to the japan times, the university had professors in february 2012. of those, 58 were]
in the fall of 2012 and for the first time, the university of tokyo started two undergraduate programs entirely taught in english and geared toward international students programs in english at komaba (peak) the international program on japan in east asia and the international program on environmental] in 2014, the school of science at the university of tokyo introduced an undergraduate transfer program called global science course]
tokyo university school of law building
komaba library
main building of institute for solid state physics of the university of tokyo
koishikawa botanical gardens
komaba research campus
academics [ edit ]
the university of tokyo is organized into 10] and 15 graduate]
faculty of agriculture
college of arts and sciences
faculty of economics
faculty of education
faculty of engineering
faculty of law
faculty of letters
faculty of medicine
faculty of pharmaceutical sciences
faculty of science
graduate school of agricultural and life sciences
graduate school of arts and sciences
graduate school of economics
graduate school of education
graduate school of engineering
graduate school of frontier sciences
graduate school of humanities and sociology
graduate school of information science and technology
graduate school of interdisciplinary information studies
graduate schools for law and politics
graduate school of mathematical sciences
graduate school of medicine
graduate school of pharmaceutical sciences
graduate school of public policy
graduate school of science
graduate programs [ edit ]
todai law school is considered as one of the top law schools in japan, ranking top in the number of successful candidates of japanese bar examination in 2009 and] ranked japanese business schools, and the faculty of economics in is placed in japan (111th in the]
research [ edit ]
the university of tokyo is considered a top research institution of japan. it receives the largest amount of national grants for research institutions, for scientific research, receiving 40% more than the university with largest grants and 90% more than the university with largest] this massive financial investment from the japanese government directly affects's research outcomes. according to thomson reuters, is the best research university in] its research excellence is especially distinctive in physics (1st in japan, in the world), biology & biochemistry (1st in japan, in the world), pharmacology & toxicology (1st in japan, in the world), materials science (3rd in japan, in the world), chemistry (2nd in japan, in the world), and immunology (2nd in japan, in the]
in another ranking, nikkei shimbun on surveyed about the research standards in engineering studies based on thomson reuters, grants in aid for scientific research and questionnaires to heads of 93 leading japanese research centers, and was placed (research planning ability/informative ability of research outcome of collaboration) in this] weekly diamond also reported that has the highest research standard in japan in terms of research per researchers in coe] in the same article, it's also ranked in terms of the quality of education by funds per student.
todai also has been recognized for its research in the social sciences and humanities. in january 2011, ranked's economics department as japan's best economics research] and it is the only japanese university within world top] has produced 9 presidents of the japanese economic association, the largest number in the] asahi shimbun summarized the amount of academic papers in japanese major legal journals by university, and was ranked top during]
research institutes [ edit ]
[29]
institute of medical science
earthquake research institute
institute of oriental culture
institute of social science
institute of industrial science
historiographical institute
institute of molecular and cellular biosciences
institute for cosmic ray research
institute for solid state physics
atmosphere and ocean research institute
research center for advanced science and technology
the university's school of science and the earthquake research institute are both represented on the national coordinating committee for earthquake]
rankings and reputation [ edit ]
university of tokyo (todai) is considered to be the most selective and prestigious university in japan and is counted as one of the best universities in the]
nikkei has been publishing a ranking system "brand rankings of japanese universities" every year, composed by the various indications related to the power of brand, and has been in in greater tokyo] the university has been ranked during in the ranking "truly strong universities" by toyo] in another ranking, japanese prep school ranked as the best university in]
todai was ranked second in the world, behind harvard university, in mines paristech: professional ranking of world universities (2011), which measured universities' numbers of alumni holding ceo positions in fortune global 500 companies.
todai alumni are distinctively successful in japanese industries. according to the weekly economist's 2010 rankings, graduates from have the best employment rate in 400 major companies in] however, this lower ranking position is because of the large number of alumni who become government bureaucrats, which is more than double of alumni from any other] in fact, alumni of have the highest average salary in japan, according to]
campus [ edit ]
hongo campus [ edit ]
the main campus occupies the former estate of the maeda family, edo period feudal lords of province. one of the university's best known landmarks, (the red gate), is a relic of this era. the symbol of the university is the leaf, from the trees found throughout the area. the campus also hosts the university of tokyo's annual may]
yasuda auditorium
akamon (the red gate)
letters building
information center
first medical building
second medical building
medical experimental research building
medical library
general library
the experimental tank
faculty of engineering
sanshiro pond [ edit ]
sanshiro pond (三四郎池, sanshirō ike), university's campus, dates to 1615. after the fall of the osaka castle, the gave this pond and its surrounding garden to maeda toshitsune. with further development of the garden by maeda tsunanori, it became known as one of the most beautiful gardens in edo (now tokyo), with the traditional eight landscapes and eight borders, and known for originality in artificial pond, hills, and pavilions. it was at that time known as (garden of teaching virtue). the pond's contours are in the shape of the character or shin (heart), and thus its official name is shinjiike. it has been commonly called pond after the title of novel.
komaba campus [ edit ]
one of the five campuses of the university of tokyo, the komaba campus is home to the college of arts and sciences, the graduate school of arts and sciences, the graduate school of mathematical sciences, and a number of advanced research facilities and campus services. this is the campus where all the freshmen and sophomores of the university of tokyo spend their college life. the university of tokyo is the only university in japan which has a system of two years of general education before students can choose and move on to special fields of needed] the komaba campus is the cornerstone of general education, and was designated as the "center of excellence" for three new areas of research by the ministry of education and science. there are currently over students (freshmen and sophomores) enrolled in the general education courses, about 450 students (juniors and seniors) pursuing their specialties in the college of arts and sciences, and graduate students in the advanced study.
komaba campus building
main auditorium
southern complex
shirokanedai campus [ edit ]
the relatively smalldai] hosts the institute of medical science of the university of tokyo (imsut), which is entirely dedicated to studies. the campus is focused on genome research, including among its facilities the human genome center (hgc), which have at its disposal the largest supercomputer in the]
notable alumni and faculty members [ edit ]
the university has produced many notable people. 15 prime ministers of japan have studied at the university of tokyo. [72] former prime minister kiichi miyazawa ordered japanese government agencies to reduce the rate of employees who had attended the university's law faculty to below 50 percent due to concerns about diversity in the bureaucracy. [73]
former prime minister kiichi miyazawa ordered japanese government agencies to reduce the rate of employees who had attended the university's law faculty to below 50 percent due to concerns about diversity in the bureaucracy. ten alumni of university of tokyo have received the nobel prize or the fields medal (not include dissertation]
three have received the pritzker architecture prize:
nobel laureates
scientists
see also [ edit ]
references [ edit ]
media related to university of tokyo at commons | "todai*" hir. fər ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ʧeɪn, si (ˈrɛˌstrɑnt) koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪts: ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ tōkyō*ō daigaku*), əˈbriviˌeɪtɪd ɛz ər ɪz ə ˈpəblɪk ˈrisərʧ ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn bunkyo*, ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ, ʤəˈpæn. ɪˈstæblɪʃt ɪn 1877 ɛz ðə fərst ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ˌjunəˈvərsəti, ɪt ɪz wən əv ʤəˈpænz moʊst pərˈstiʤəs ˌjunəˈvərsətiz. ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti həz 10 ˈfækəltiz ənd ɛnˈroʊlz əˈbaʊt ˈstudənts, əv hum ər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈstudənts. ɪts faɪv ˈkæmpəsɪz ər ɪn hongō*ō, koʊˈmɑbə, kashiwa*, ənd nɑˈkɑnoʊ. ɪt ɪz əˈməŋ ðə tɔp taɪp əv ðə səˈlɛkt ˌʤæpəˈniz ˌjunəˈvərsətiz əˈsaɪnd əˈdɪʃənəl ˈfəndɪŋ ˈəndər ðə tɔp ˈgloʊbəl ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈprɑʤɛkt tɪ ɛnˈhæns ʤəˈpænz ˈgloʊbəl ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti həz ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd ˈmɛni ˈnoʊtəbəl əˈləmˌnaɪ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ 17 praɪm ˈmɪnɪstərz, 16 noʊˈbɛl praɪz ˈlɔriəts, 3 ˈprɪtskər praɪz ˈlɔriəts, 3 ˈæstrəˌnɔts, ənd 1 fildz ˈhɪstəri ˈɛdət ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti wɑz ˈʧɑrtərd baɪ ðə ˈmeɪˌʤi ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn 1877 ˈəndər ɪts ˈkɑrənt neɪm baɪ əˈmælgəˌmeɪtɪŋ ˈoʊldər ˈgəvərnmənt skulz fər ˈmɛdəsən, ˈvɛriəs trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈskɑlərz ənd ˈmɑdərn ˈlərnɪŋ. ɪt wɑz riˈneɪmd "ðə ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˌteɪˈkoʊˌku daigaku*)" ɪn 1886 ənd ðɛn ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ˌjunəˈvərsəti tōkyō*ō ˌteɪˈkoʊˌku daigaku*) ɪn 1897 wɪn ðə ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈsɪstəm wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd. ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 1923 ən ˈərθkˌweɪk ənd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ faɪərz dɪˈstrɔɪd əˈbaʊt ˈvɑljumz əv ðə ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ˌjunəˈvərsəti ðə bʊks lɔst ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri bunko*), ə kəˈlɛkʃən əv əˈbaʊt ðə bʊks wər ðə ˈfɔrmər pəˈzɛʃənz əv ˌbiˈfɔr bɪˈkəmɪŋ pɑrt əv ðə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd wər ˈmeɪnli əˈbaʊt ʧaɪˈniz fəˈlɑsəfi ənd ˈhɪstəri. ɪn 1947 ˈæftər ʤəˈpænz dɪˈfit ɪn wərld wɔr ii*, ɪt ɪts ərˈɪʤənəl neɪm. wɪθ ðə stɑrt əv ðə nu ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈsɪstəm ɪn 1949 sˈwɑloʊd əp ðə ˈfɔrmər fərst haɪər skul (ˈtudeɪz koʊˈmɑbə ˈkæmpəs) ənd ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ haɪər skul, wɪʧ ˌðɛnsˈfɔrθ əˈsumd ðə ˈduti əv ˈtiʧɪŋ fərst- ənd ˌəndərˈgræʤəwəts, waɪl ðə ˈfækəltiz ɔn meɪn ˈkæmpəs tʊk kɛr əv θərd- ənd ˈstudənts. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈmeɪˌʤi ˈpɪriəd, ɪt həz ˈərliər ruts ɪn ðə əˈstrɑnəmi ˈeɪʤənsi 1684 ˈstədi ˈɔfəs 1797 ənd ðə ˈwɛstərn bʊks trænzˈleɪʃən ˈeɪʤənsi ðiz ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz wər ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɔfəsɪz ɪˈstæblɪʃt baɪ ðə ənd pleɪd ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt roʊl ɪn ðə ˌɪmpɔrˈteɪʃən ənd trænzˈleɪʃən əv bʊks frəm ˈjʊrəp. kiˈkuʧi dairoku*, ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfɪgjər ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, sərvd ɛz ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ˌjunəˈvərsəti. fər ðə 1964 ˈsəmər oʊˈlɪmpɪks, ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈhoʊstɪd ðə ˈrənɪŋ ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˈmɑdərn pɛnˈtæθlən ɔn 20 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2012 əˈnaʊnst ðət ɪt wʊd ʃɪft ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ɪts ˌækəˈdɛmɪk jɪr frəm ˈeɪprəl tɪ sɛpˈtɛmbər tɪ əˈlaɪn ɪts ˈkæləndər wɪθ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈstændərd. ðə ʃɪft wʊd bi feɪzd ɪn ˈoʊvər faɪv bət ðɪs ˌjunəˈlætərəl əˈnaʊnsmɛnt baɪ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt wɑz rɪˈsivd ˈbædli ənd ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əˈbændənd ðə plænz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ʤəˈpæn taɪmz, ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti hæd prəˈfɛsərz ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2012 əv ðoʊz, 58 wər ɪn ðə fɔl əv 2012 ənd fər ðə fərst taɪm, ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ˈstɑrtɪd tu ˌəndərˈgræʤəwət ˈproʊˌgræmz ɪnˈtaɪərli tɔt ɪn ˈɪŋlɪʃ ənd gɪrd təˈwɔrd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈstudənts ˈproʊˌgræmz ɪn ˈɪŋlɪʃ æt koʊˈmɑbə (pik) ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈproʊˌgræm ɔn ʤəˈpæn ɪn ist ˈeɪʒə ənd ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈproʊˌgræm ɔn ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ɪn 2014 ðə skul əv saɪəns æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ˌɪntrəˈdust ən ˌəndərˈgræʤəwət ˈtrænsfər ˈproʊˌgræm kɔld ˈgloʊbəl saɪəns kɔrs ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ˌjunəˈvərsəti skul əv lɔ ˈbɪldɪŋ koʊˈmɑbə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri meɪn ˈbɪldɪŋ əv ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈsɑləd steɪt ˈfɪzɪks əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ bəˈtænɪkəl ˈgɑrdənz koʊˈmɑbə ˈrisərʧ ˈkæmpəs ˌækəˈdɛmɪks ˈɛdət ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ɪz ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˈɪntu 10 ənd 15 ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈfækəlti əv ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər ˈkɑlɪʤ əv ɑrts ənd ˈsaɪənsɪz ˈfækəlti əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks ˈfækəlti əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈfækəlti əv ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ˈfækəlti əv lɔ ˈfækəlti əv ˈlɛtərz ˈfækəlti əv ˈmɛdəsən ˈfækəlti əv ˌfɑrməˈsutɪkəl ˈsaɪənsɪz ˈfækəlti əv saɪəns ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ənd laɪf ˈsaɪənsɪz ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ɑrts ənd ˈsaɪənsɪz ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv frənˈtɪr ˈsaɪənsɪz ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv juˈmænɪtiz ənd ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən saɪəns ənd tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈstədiz ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skulz fər lɔ ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl ˈsaɪənsɪz ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ˈmɛdəsən ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ˌfɑrməˈsutɪkəl ˈsaɪənsɪz ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ˈpəblɪk ˈpɑləsi ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv saɪəns ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈproʊˌgræmz ˈɛdət lɔ skul ɪz kənˈsɪdərd ɛz wən əv ðə tɔp lɔ skulz ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ˈræŋkɪŋ tɔp ɪn ðə ˈnəmbər əv səkˈsɛsfəl ˈkænədɪts əv ˌʤæpəˈniz bɑr ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən ɪn 2009 ənd ræŋkt ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈbɪznɪs skulz, ənd ðə ˈfækəlti əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks ɪn ɪz pleɪst ɪn ʤəˈpæn ɪn ðə ˈrisərʧ ˈɛdət ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ɪz kənˈsɪdərd ə tɔp ˈrisərʧ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən əv ʤəˈpæn. ɪt rɪˈsivz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst əˈmaʊnt əv ˈnæʃənəl grænts fər ˈrisərʧ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz, fər ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈrisərʧ, rɪˈsivɪŋ 40 mɔr ðən ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti wɪθ ˈlɑrʤəst grænts ənd 90 mɔr ðən ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti wɪθ ˈlɑrʤəst ðɪs ˈmæsɪv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt frəm ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈgəvərnmənt dɪˈrɛkli əˈfɛkts ˈrisərʧ ˈaʊtˌkəmz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈtɑmsən ˈrɔɪtərz, ɪz ðə bɛst ˈrisərʧ ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ɪts ˈrisərʧ ˈɛksələns ɪz əˈspɛʃəli dɪˈstɪŋktɪv ɪn ˈfɪzɪks ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ɪn ðə wərld), baɪˈɑləʤi ˌbaɪoʊˈkɛmɪˌstri ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ɪn ðə wərld), ˌfɑrməˈkɑləʤi ˌtɑksɪˈkɑləʤi ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ɪn ðə wərld), məˈtɪriəlz saɪəns ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ɪn ðə wərld), ˈkɛmɪstri ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ɪn ðə wərld), ənd ˌɪmjuˈnɑləʤi ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ɪn ðə ɪn əˈnəðər ˈræŋkɪŋ, ˈniˌkeɪ ˈʃɪmˌbən ɔn ˈsərˌveɪd əˈbaʊt ðə ˈrisərʧ ˈstændərdz ɪn ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ˈstədiz beɪst ɔn ˈtɑmsən ˈrɔɪtərz, grænts ɪn eɪd fər ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈrisərʧ ənd kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛrz tɪ hɛdz əv 93 ˈlidɪŋ ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnərz, ənd wɑz pleɪst (ˈrisərʧ ˈplænɪŋ əˈbɪləˌti əˈbɪləˌti əv ˈrisərʧ ˈaʊtˌkəm əv kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən) ɪn ðɪs ˈwikli ˈdaɪmənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət həz ðə haɪəst ˈrisərʧ ˈstændərd ɪn ʤəˈpæn ɪn tərmz əv ˈrisərʧ pər ˈrisərʧərz ɪn koʊ ɪn ðə seɪm ˈɑrtɪkəl, ɪts ˈɔlsoʊ ræŋkt ɪn tərmz əv ðə kˈwɑləti əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən baɪ fəndz pər ˈstudənt. ˈɔlsoʊ həz bɪn ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd fər ɪts ˈrisərʧ ɪn ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪənsɪz ənd juˈmænɪtiz. ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2011 ræŋkt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɛz ʤəˈpænz bɛst ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks ˈrisərʧ ənd ɪt ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˌʤæpəˈniz ˌjunəˈvərsəti wɪˈθɪn wərld tɔp həz prəˈdust 9 ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts əv ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈnəmbər ɪn ðə əˈsɑhi ˈʃɪmˌbən ˈsəmərˌaɪzd ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈpeɪpərz ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈmeɪʤər ˈligəl ˈʤərnəlz baɪ ˌjunəˈvərsəti, ənd wɑz ræŋkt tɔp ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈrisərʧ ˈɪnstɪˌtuts ˈɛdət 29 ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ˈmɛdɪkəl saɪəns ˈərθkˌweɪk ˈrisərʧ ˈɪnstɪˌtut ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ˌɔriˈɛnəl ˈkəlʧər ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ˌɪnˈdəstriəl saɪəns ˈɪnstɪˌtut ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv məˈlɛkjələr ənd ˈsɛljələr ˌbaɪoʊˈsaɪənsɪz ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈkɑzmɪk reɪ ˈrisərʧ ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈsɑləd steɪt ˈfɪzɪks ˈætməsˌfɪr ənd ˈoʊʃən ˈrisərʧ ˈɪnstɪˌtut ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər fər ədˈvænst saɪəns ənd tɛkˈnɑləʤi ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz skul əv saɪəns ənd ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ˈrisərʧ ˈɪnstɪˌtut ər boʊθ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ɔn ðə ˈnæʃənəl koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtɪŋ kəˈmɪti fər ˈərθkˌweɪk ˈræŋkɪŋz ənd ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən ˈɛdət ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ (todai*) ɪz kənˈsɪdərd tɪ bi ðə moʊst səˈlɛktɪv ənd pərˈstiʤəs ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ʤəˈpæn ənd ɪz ˈkaʊntɪd ɛz wən əv ðə bɛst ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ɪn ðə ˈniˌkeɪ həz bɪn ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ ə ˈræŋkɪŋ ˈsɪstəm "brænd ˈræŋkɪŋz əv ˌʤæpəˈniz ˌjunəˈvərsətiz" ˈɛvəri jɪr, kəmˈpoʊzd baɪ ðə ˈvɛriəs ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə paʊər əv brænd, ənd həz bɪn ɪn ɪn ˈgreɪtər ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti həz bɪn ræŋkt ˈdʊrɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈræŋkɪŋ "ˈtruli strɔŋ ˌjunəˈvərsətiz" baɪ ˈtoʊjoʊ ɪn əˈnəðər ˈræŋkɪŋ, ˌʤæpəˈniz prɛp skul ræŋkt ɛz ðə bɛst ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn wɑz ræŋkt ˈsɛkənd ɪn ðə wərld, bɪˈhaɪnd ˈhɑrvərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti, ɪn maɪnz paristech*: prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈræŋkɪŋ əv wərld ˌjunəˈvərsətiz 2011 wɪʧ ˈmɛʒərd ˌjunəˈvərsətiz' ˈnəmbərz əv əˈləmˌnaɪ ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈsiˌiˈoʊ pəˈzɪʃənz ɪn ˈfɔrʧən ˈgloʊbəl 500 ˈkəmpəˌniz. əˈləmˌnaɪ ər dɪˈstɪŋktɪvli səkˈsɛsfəl ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈɪndəstriz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈwikli ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts 2010 ˈræŋkɪŋz, ˈgræʤəˌweɪts frəm hæv ðə bɛst ɪmˈplɔɪmənt reɪt ɪn 400 ˈmeɪʤər ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪn ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs loʊər ˈræŋkɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən ɪz bɪˈkəz əv ðə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv əˈləmˌnaɪ hu bɪˈkəm ˈgəvərnmənt ˈbjʊrəˌkræts, wɪʧ ɪz mɔr ðən ˈdəbəl əv əˈləmˌnaɪ frəm ˈɛni ˈəðər ɪn fækt, əˈləmˌnaɪ əv hæv ðə haɪəst ˈævərɪʤ ˈsæləri ɪn ʤəˈpæn, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈkæmpəs ˈɛdət ˈkæmpəs ˈɛdət ðə meɪn ˈkæmpəs ˈɑkjəˌpaɪz ðə ˈfɔrmər ɛˈsteɪt əv ðə meɪˈidə ˈfæməli, ˈidoʊ ˈpɪriəd fˈjudəl lɔrdz əv ˈprɑvɪns. wən əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz bɛst noʊn ˈlændˌmɑrks, (ðə rɛd geɪt), ɪz ə ˈrɛlɪk əv ðɪs ˈɪrə. ðə ˈsɪmbəl əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪz ðə lif, frəm ðə triz faʊnd θruaʊt ðə ˈɛriə. ðə ˈkæmpəs ˈɔlsoʊ hoʊsts ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊz ˈænjuəl meɪ jɑˈsudə ˌɔdəˈtɔriəm (ðə rɛd geɪt) ˈlɛtərz ˈbɪldɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɛnər fərst ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈsɛkənd ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈmɛdɪkəl ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl ˈrisərʧ ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈʤɛnərəl ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ðə ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl tæŋk ˈfækəlti əv ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ pɑnd ˈɛdət pɑnd sanshirō*ō aɪk), ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ˈkæmpəs, deɪts tɪ 1615 ˈæftər ðə fɔl əv ðə oʊˈsɑkə ˈkæsəl, ðə geɪv ðɪs pɑnd ənd ɪts sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈgɑrdən tɪ meɪˈidə toshitsune*. wɪθ ˈfərðər dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ðə ˈgɑrdən baɪ meɪˈidə tsunanori*, ɪt bɪˈkeɪm noʊn ɛz wən əv ðə moʊst ˈbjutəfəl ˈgɑrdənz ɪn ˈidoʊ (naʊ ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ), wɪθ ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl eɪt ˈlænˌskeɪps ənd eɪt ˈbɔrdərz, ənd noʊn fər ərˌɪʤəˈnælɪti ɪn ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl pɑnd, hɪlz, ənd pəˈvɪljənz. ɪt wɑz æt ðət taɪm noʊn ɛz (ˈgɑrdən əv ˈtiʧɪŋ ˈvərʧu). ðə pɑndz ˈkɑnˌtʊrz ər ɪn ðə ʃeɪp əv ðə ˈkɛrɪktər ər ʃɪn (hɑrt), ənd ðəs ɪts əˈfɪʃəl neɪm ɪz shinjiike*. ɪt həz bɪn ˈkɑmənli kɔld pɑnd ˈæftər ðə ˈtaɪtəl əv ˈnɑvəl. koʊˈmɑbə ˈkæmpəs ˈɛdət wən əv ðə faɪv ˈkæmpəsɪz əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ, ðə koʊˈmɑbə ˈkæmpəs ɪz hoʊm tɪ ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ əv ɑrts ənd ˈsaɪənsɪz, ðə ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ɑrts ənd ˈsaɪənsɪz, ðə ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl ˈsaɪənsɪz, ənd ə ˈnəmbər əv ədˈvænst ˈrisərʧ fəˈsɪlɪtiz ənd ˈkæmpəs ˈsərvɪsɪz. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈkæmpəs wɛr ɔl ðə ˈfrɛʃmɪn ənd ˈsɑfˌmɔrz əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ spɛnd ðɛr ˈkɑlɪʤ laɪf. ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ʤəˈpæn wɪʧ həz ə ˈsɪstəm əv tu jɪrz əv ˈʤɛnərəl ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˌbiˈfɔr ˈstudənts kən ʧuz ənd muv ɔn tɪ ˈspɛʃəl fildz əv ˈnidɪd] ðə koʊˈmɑbə ˈkæmpəs ɪz ðə ˈkɔrnərˌstoʊn əv ˈʤɛnərəl ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ənd wɑz ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪtɪd ɛz ðə "ˈsɛnər əv ˈɛksələns" fər θri nu ˈɛriəz əv ˈrisərʧ baɪ ðə ˈmɪnɪstri əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd saɪəns. ðɛr ər ˈkərəntli ˈoʊvər ˈstudənts (ˈfrɛʃmɪn ənd ˈsɑfˌmɔrz) ɛnˈroʊld ɪn ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈkɔrsɪz, əˈbaʊt 450 ˈstudənts (ˈʤunjərz ənd ˈsinjərz) pərˈsuɪŋ ðɛr ˈspɛʃəltiz ɪn ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ əv ɑrts ənd ˈsaɪənsɪz, ənd ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts ɪn ðə ədˈvænst ˈstədi. koʊˈmɑbə ˈkæmpəs ˈbɪldɪŋ meɪn ˌɔdəˈtɔriəm ˈsəðərn ˈkɑmplɛks ˈkæmpəs ˈɛdət ðə ˈrɛlətɪvli smɔl hoʊsts ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ˈmɛdɪkəl saɪəns əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ (imsut*), wɪʧ ɪz ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ˈstədiz. ðə ˈkæmpəs ɪz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈʤiˌnoʊm ˈrisərʧ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ əˈməŋ ɪts fəˈsɪlɪtiz ðə ˈjumən ˈʤiˌnoʊm ˈsɛnər (hgc*), wɪʧ hæv æt ɪts dɪˈspoʊzəl ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˌsupərkəmˈpjutər ɪn ðə ˈnoʊtəbəl əˈləmˌnaɪ ənd ˈfækəlti ˈmɛmbərz ˈɛdət ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti həz prəˈdust ˈmɛni ˈnoʊtəbəl ˈpipəl. 15 praɪm ˈmɪnɪstərz əv ʤəˈpæn hæv ˈstədid æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ. 72 ˈfɔrmər praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈkiʧi ˌmijəˈzɑwə ˈɔrdərd ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈgəvərnmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz tɪ rɪˈdus ðə reɪt əv ɪmˈplɔɪiz hu hæd əˈtɛndəd ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz lɔ ˈfækəlti tɪ bɪˈloʊ 50 pərˈsɛnt du tɪ kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt dɪˈvərsɪti ɪn ðə bjʊˈrɑkrəsi. 73 ˈfɔrmər praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈkiʧi ˌmijəˈzɑwə ˈɔrdərd ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈgəvərnmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz tɪ rɪˈdus ðə reɪt əv ɪmˈplɔɪiz hu hæd əˈtɛndəd ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz lɔ ˈfækəlti tɪ bɪˈloʊ 50 pərˈsɛnt du tɪ kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt dɪˈvərsɪti ɪn ðə bjʊˈrɑkrəsi. tɛn əˈləmˌnaɪ əv ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ hæv rɪˈsivd ðə noʊˈbɛl praɪz ər ðə fildz ˈmɛdəl (nɑt ˌɪnˈklud ˌdɪsərˈteɪʃən θri hæv rɪˈsivd ðə ˈprɪtskər ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər praɪz: noʊˈbɛl ˈlɔriəts ˈsaɪəntɪsts si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət ˈmidiə rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ æt ˈkɑmənz |
at least she saved us from unisex toilets.
phyllis schlafly died monday at the age of 92, bringing an end to more than a decade of comments beginning "you mean to say that old hater is still alive?" schlafly made a career out of portraying herself as a simple housewife who was so driven by her love of american values and traditions that she had no choice but to to go to work to tell women to stay home and be mommies like god and george washington wanted them to, or the communists would win. in reality, she was a shrewd political operator most of her life, even well before those nasty '70s feminists stopped shaving their legs and abandoned their babies at daycares so they could go become lesbian witches. if you read any other pieces about schlafly beyond the mandatory new york times obit, read lisa fine story about the time in 1966 when schlafly started a riot at the 1966 convention of the national federation of republican women. in fact, read that before you read what the grey lady has to say about the grey lady.
in recent months, schlafly had been busy working for the election of her new political boyfriend, donald trump, which led directly to an ugly internecine battle over control of the political group she founded, the eagle forum. the fight transformed family into a version of king lear, with all the acrimony and potential for violence, but none of the real sense of tragedy. as the bard said, “thou not have been old till thou been wise,” right? how bitter was the schlafly family drama? in a (but still cached) piece, schlafly gave out her daughter's phone number and urged supporters to tell her to surrender.
as the progressed, we learned ms. schlafly (we always loved typing that combination) briefly considered naming michele bachmann -- who credited schlafly with ending the cold war -- as her designated successor, but ultimately decided michele bachmann was simply too fucking stupid for the job. then again, maybe her chosen presidential candidate wasn't any prize, either:
the cubs schlafly is a real contender this year
trump almost immediately deleted the tweet, but are forever. also, donald, obituaries are not about you. just kidding, of course they are.
one of the reasons people always seemed surprised schlafly was still polluting american political discourses was that she was that rare political figure who really accomplished her life's work: thanks largely to reactionary panic whipped up by her hyperbolic warnings about how the equal rights amendment would end america forever, that constitutional amendment -- one of those rare amendments saddled by congress with a ratification deadline -- was eventually defeated. with no more threats of equality to slay, became just another voice in the chorus of rightwing shitheads, good for a bitter laugh when she'd rise from obscurity to explain that if women really wanted to end rape, they'd settle down and get married, since that keeps men's baser instincts under control. or that the statue of liberty has nothing to do with immigration. or that pregnant women with jobs were destroying america. or fretting that a few good men in the military will be ruined just for raping women in the military. but instead of leading a powerful juggernaut, schlafly was now just one more snarling among many, notable mostly because people were surprised she was still around, until now she isn't.
we would be remiss not to note the simple elegy for schlafly by juanita jean monday evening:
y’all, phyllis schlafly went to the great beyond today. that loud gasp you heard is phyllis discovering that god is liberal black woman who wants to have a little chat with her. phyllis was 92 years old, proving once again that the good die young.
ms. schlafly leaves behind a fractious family fighting over the remnants of the eagle forum; a son who founded conservapedia, one of the most websites in the world; a niece, suzanne venker, who seems dedicated to continuing aunt mission of being wrong about everything, like for instance marital rape; and several score rightwing pundits all typing the headline "phyllis schlafly was right."
[nyt / juanita jean's] | æt list ʃi seɪvd ˈjuˈɛs frəm ˈjunɪˌsɛks ˈtɔɪləts. ˈfɪlɪs ʃˈlæfli daɪd ˈmənˌdeɪ æt ðə eɪʤ əv 92 ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ən ɛnd tɪ mɔr ðən ə ˈdɛkeɪd əv ˈkɑmɛnts bɪˈgɪnɪŋ "ju min tɪ seɪ ðət oʊld ˈheɪtər ɪz stɪl əˈlaɪv?" ʃˈlæfli meɪd ə kərɪr aʊt əv pɔrˈtreɪɪŋ hərˈsɛlf ɛz ə ˈsɪmpəl ˈhaʊsˌwaɪf hu wɑz soʊ ˈdrɪvən baɪ hər ləv əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈvæljuz ənd trəˈdɪʃənz ðət ʃi hæd noʊ ʧɔɪs bət tɪ tɪ goʊ tɪ wərk tɪ tɛl ˈwɪmən tɪ steɪ hoʊm ənd bi ˈmɑmiz laɪk gɑd ənd ʤɔrʤ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈwɔntɪd ðɛm tɪ, ər ðə ˈkɑmjənəsts wʊd wɪn. ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti, ʃi wɑz ə ʃrud pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈɑpərˌeɪtər moʊst əv hər laɪf, ˈivɪn wɛl ˌbiˈfɔr ðoʊz ˈnæsti ˈfɛmənɪsts stɑpt ˈʃeɪvɪŋ ðɛr lɛgz ənd əˈbændənd ðɛr ˈbeɪbiz æt ˈdeɪˌkɛrz soʊ ðeɪ kʊd goʊ bɪˈkəm ˈlɛzbiən ˈwɪʧɪz. ɪf ju rɛd ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈpisɪz əˈbaʊt ʃˈlæfli bɪɔnd ðə ˈmændəˌtɔri nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈoʊbɪt, rɛd ˈlisə faɪn ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt ðə taɪm ɪn 1966 wɪn ʃˈlæfli ˈstɑrtɪd ə raɪət æt ðə 1966 kənˈvɛnʃən əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən əv rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈwɪmən. ɪn fækt, rɛd ðət ˌbiˈfɔr ju rɛd wət ðə greɪ ˈleɪdi həz tɪ seɪ əˈbaʊt ðə greɪ ˈleɪdi. ɪn ˈrisənt mənθs, ʃˈlæfli hæd bɪn ˈbɪzi ˈwərkɪŋ fər ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən əv hər nu pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd, ˈdɑnəld trəmp, wɪʧ lɛd dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ən ˈəgli ˌɪnˈtərnəˌsin ˈbætəl ˈoʊvər kənˈtroʊl əv ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl grup ʃi ˈfaʊndɪd, ðə ˈigəl ˈfɔrəm. ðə faɪt trænsˈfɔrmd ˈfæməli ˈɪntu ə ˈvərʒən əv kɪŋ lɪr, wɪθ ɔl ðə ˈækrɪˌmoʊni ənd pəˈtɛnʃəl fər ˈvaɪələns, bət nən əv ðə ril sɛns əv ˈtræʤədi. ɛz ðə bɑrd sɛd, nɑt hæv bɪn oʊld tɪl ðaʊ bɪn wise,”*,” raɪt? haʊ ˈbɪtər wɑz ðə ʃˈlæfli ˈfæməli ˈdrɑmə? ɪn ə (bət stɪl kæʃt) pis, ʃˈlæfli geɪv aʊt hər ˈdɔtərz foʊn ˈnəmbər ənd ərʤd səˈpɔrtərz tɪ tɛl hər tɪ sərˈɛndər. ɛz ðə prəˈgrɛst, wi ˈlərnɪd mɪz. ʃˈlæfli (wi ˈɔlˌweɪz ləvd ˈtaɪpɪŋ ðət ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən) ˈbrifli kənˈsɪdərd ˈneɪmɪŋ mɪˈʃɛl ˈbɑkmən hu ˈkrɛdɪtɪd ʃˈlæfli wɪθ ˈɛndɪŋ ðə koʊld wɔr ɛz hər ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪtɪd səkˈsɛsər, bət ˈəltəmətli ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd mɪˈʃɛl ˈbɑkmən wɑz ˈsɪmpli tu ˈfəkɪŋ ˈstupɪd fər ðə ʤɑb. ðɛn əˈgɛn, ˈmeɪbi hər ˈʧoʊzən ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt ˈwəzənt ˈɛni praɪz, ˈiðər: ðə kəbz ʃˈlæfli ɪz ə ril kənˈtɛndər ðɪs jɪr trəmp ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli dɪˈlitəd ðə twit, bət ər fərˈɛvər. ˈɔlsoʊ, ˈdɑnəld, oʊˈbɪʧuˌɛriz ər nɑt əˈbaʊt ju. ʤɪst ˈkɪdɪŋ, əv kɔrs ðeɪ ər. wən əv ðə ˈrizənz ˈpipəl ˈɔlˌweɪz simd səˈpraɪzd ʃˈlæfli wɑz stɪl pəˈlutɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkən pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈdɪskɔrsɪz wɑz ðət ʃi wɑz ðət rɛr pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈfɪgjər hu ˈrɪli əˈkɑmplɪʃt hər laɪfs wərk: θæŋks ˈlɑrʤli tɪ riˈækʃəˌnɛri ˈpænɪk wɪpt əp baɪ hər ˌhaɪpərˈbɑlɪk ˈwɔrnɪŋz əˈbaʊt haʊ ðə ˈikwəl raɪts əˈmɛndmənt wʊd ɛnd əˈmɛrɪkə fərˈɛvər, ðət ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl əˈmɛndmənt wən əv ðoʊz rɛr əˈmɛndmənts ˈsædəld baɪ ˈkɑŋgrəs wɪθ ə ˌrætəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈdɛˌdlaɪn wɑz ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli dɪˈfitɪd. wɪθ noʊ mɔr θrɛts əv ɪkˈwɑləti tɪ sleɪ, bɪˈkeɪm ʤɪst əˈnəðər vɔɪs ɪn ðə ˈkɔrəs əv ˈraɪtˌwɪŋ shitheads*, gʊd fər ə ˈbɪtər læf wɪn ʃid raɪz frəm əbˈskjʊrəti tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ðət ɪf ˈwɪmən ˈrɪli ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ɛnd reɪp, ðeɪd ˈsɛtəl daʊn ənd gɪt ˈmɛrid, sɪns ðət kips mɛnz ˈbeɪsər ˈɪnstɪŋkts ˈəndər kənˈtroʊl. ər ðət ðə ˈstæˌʧu əv ˈlɪbərˌti həz ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən. ər ðət ˈprɛgnənt ˈwɪmən wɪθ ʤɑbz wər dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkə. ər ˈfrɛtɪŋ ðət ə fju gʊd mɛn ɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri wɪl bi ruɪnd ʤɪst fər ˈreɪpɪŋ ˈwɪmən ɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri. bət ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈlidɪŋ ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈʤəgərˌnɔt, ʃˈlæfli wɑz naʊ ʤɪst wən mɔr sˈnɑrlɪŋ əˈməŋ ˈmɛni, ˈnoʊtəbəl ˈmoʊstli bɪˈkəz ˈpipəl wər səˈpraɪzd ʃi wɑz stɪl əraʊnd, ənˈtɪl naʊ ʃi ˈɪzənt. wi wʊd bi riˈmɪs nɑt tɪ noʊt ðə ˈsɪmpəl ˈɛləˌʤi fər ʃˈlæfli baɪ ˌʤuəˈnitə ʤin ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ: y’all*, ˈfɪlɪs ʃˈlæfli wɛnt tɪ ðə greɪt bɪɔnd təˈdeɪ. ðət laʊd gæsp ju hərd ɪz ˈfɪlɪs dɪˈskəvərɪŋ ðət gɑd ɪz ˈlɪˌbərəl blæk ˈwʊmən hu wɔnts tɪ hæv ə ˈlɪtəl ʧæt wɪθ hər. ˈfɪlɪs wɑz 92 jɪrz oʊld, ˈpruvɪŋ wəns əˈgɛn ðət ðə gʊd daɪ jəŋ. mɪz. ʃˈlæfli livz bɪˈhaɪnd ə ˈfrækʃəs ˈfæməli ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈrɛmnənts əv ðə ˈigəl ˈfɔrəm; ə sən hu ˈfaʊndɪd conservapedia*, wən əv ðə moʊst ˈwɛbˌsaɪts ɪn ðə wərld; ə nis, suˈzæn venker*, hu simz ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ɔnt ˈmɪʃən əv biɪŋ rɔŋ əˈbaʊt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ, laɪk fər ˈɪnstəns ˈmærətəl reɪp; ənd ˈsɛvərəl skɔr ˈraɪtˌwɪŋ ˈpəndɪts ɔl ˈtaɪpɪŋ ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪn "ˈfɪlɪs ʃˈlæfli wɑz raɪt." ˌʤuəˈnitə ʤinz] |
both top brass and regular express opposition to us involvement
paul joseph watson
infowars.com
september 2, 2013
the military revolt against the obama plan to launch a potentially disastrous attack on syria is gathering pace, with both top brass and regular expressing their vehement opposition to the united states becoming entangled in the conflict.
the backlash began to spread on social media yesterday with numerous members of the military posting photos of themselves holding up signs stating that they would refuse to fight on the same side as al-qaeda in syria. the photos went viral, with one post alone generating over shares on facebook.
others have posted their photos on twitter alongside the hashtag.
as the obama administration prepares to present a draft resolution to lawmakers that is by no means “limited” in its scope and would in fact grease the skids for an open ended war, john kerry and other state department officials have signaled that obama will simply ignore congress if they vote no and launch the assault anyway.
this will do little to reassure a growing number of influential figures in the us military who are becoming increasingly recalcitrant about the united states becoming embroiled in yet another war in the middle east.
the washington post reports that, “the obama plan to launch a military strike against syria is being received with serious reservations by many in the u.s. military, which is coping with the scars of two lengthy wars and a rapidly contracting budget, according to current and former officers.”
republican congressman justin also took to twitter to state, “i’ve been hearing a lot from members of our armed forces. the message i consistently hear: please vote no on military action against syria.”’s statement was followed by a series of from military veterans who also expressed their opposition to the attack.
business paul also spoke to “sources who are either veterans or currently on active duty in the military,” and asked them if they supported military escalation in syria.
“most have responded with a resounding no,” writes.
he quotes an active duty first class sergeant who states, “we are stretched thin, tired, and broke,” adding that the united states “(does not) need to be world police.”
“our involvement in syria is so dangerous on so many levels, and the century american vet is more keen to this than anybody. it boggles my mind that we are being ignored,” adds former cpl. jack mandaville, a marine corps infantry veteran with 3 deployments to iraq.
not only are military personnel going public with their concerns, politico reported that leaks of attack plans are also, “emanating from a pentagon bureaucracy less enthusiastic about the prospect of an attack than, say, the state department, national security council or obama himself,” unauthorized disclosures that have the white house “peeved”.
meanwhile, the syrian electronic army hacked the official us marines website and left an astounding message calling on us soldiers to join the syrian army in fighting al-qaeda (click for enlargement).
the full text of the message reads:
“this is a message written by your brothers in the syrian army, who have been fighting for the last 3 years. we understand your patriotism and love for your country so please understand our love for ours. obama is a traitor who wants to put your lives in danger to rescue al- insurgents.
marines, please take a look at what your comrades think about alliance with against syria. your officer in charge probably has no qualms about sending you to die against soldiers just like you, fighting a vile common enemy. the syrian army should be your ally not your enemy.
refuse your orders and concentrate on the real reason every soldier joins their military, to defend their homeland. more than welcome to fight alongside our army rather than against it.
your brothers, the syrian army soldiers. a message delivered by the sea.”
view a selection of us expressing their opposition to the attack on syria via the meme on twitter below.
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paul joseph watson is the editor and writer for and prison planet.com. he is the author of order out of chaos. watson is also a host for nightly news. | boʊθ tɔp bræs ənd ˈrɛgjələr ɪkˈsprɛs ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt pɔl ˈʤoʊzəf ˈwɑtsən sɛpˈtɛmbər 2 2013 ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri rɪˈvoʊlt əˈgɛnst ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə plæn tɪ lɔnʧ ə pəˈtɛnʃəli dɪˈzæstrəs əˈtæk ɔn ˈsɪriə ɪz ˈgæðərɪŋ peɪs, wɪθ boʊθ tɔp bræs ənd ˈrɛgjələr ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ðɛr ˈviəmənt ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts bɪˈkəmɪŋ ɛnˈtæŋgəld ɪn ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt. ðə ˈbæˌklæʃ bɪˈgæn tɪ sprɛd ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ wɪθ ˈnumərəs ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈpoʊstɪŋ ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈhoʊldɪŋ əp saɪnz ˈsteɪtɪŋ ðət ðeɪ wʊd ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ faɪt ɔn ðə seɪm saɪd ɛz ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ ɪn ˈsɪriə. ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz wɛnt ˈvaɪrəl, wɪθ wən poʊst əˈloʊn ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈoʊvər ʃɛrz ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk. ˈəðərz hæv ˈpoʊstɪd ðɛr ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ɔn tˈwɪtər əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ðə ˈhæʃˌtæg. ɛz ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən pərˈpɛrz tɪ ˈprɛzənt ə dræft ˌrɛzəˈluʃən tɪ ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ðət ɪz baɪ noʊ minz ““limited”*” ɪn ɪts skoʊp ənd wʊd ɪn fækt gris ðə skɪdz fər ən ˈoʊpən ˈɛndɪd wɔr, ʤɑn ˈkɛri ənd ˈəðər steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt əˈfɪʃəlz hæv ˈsɪgnəld ðət ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɪl ˈsɪmpli ˌɪgˈnɔr ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪf ðeɪ voʊt noʊ ənd lɔnʧ ðə əˈsɔlt ˈɛniˌweɪ. ðɪs wɪl du ˈlɪtəl tɪ ˌriəˈʃʊr ə groʊɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈfɪgjərz ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri hu ər bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli rɪˈkælsɪtrənt əˈbaʊt ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts bɪˈkəmɪŋ ɛmˈbrɔɪld ɪn jɛt əˈnəðər wɔr ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist. ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst rɪˈpɔrts ðət, ˌoʊˈbɑmə plæn tɪ lɔnʧ ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri straɪk əˈgɛnst ˈsɪriə ɪz biɪŋ rɪˈsivd wɪθ ˈsɪriəs ˌrɛzərˈveɪʃənz baɪ ˈmɛni ɪn ðə juz. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, wɪʧ ɪz ˈkoʊpɪŋ wɪθ ðə skɑrz əv tu ˈlɛŋθi wɔrz ənd ə ˈræpədli ˈkɑntræktɪŋ ˈbəʤɪt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈkɑrənt ənd ˈfɔrmər officers.”*.” rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈkɑŋgrəsmən ˈʤəstɪn ˈɔlsoʊ tʊk tɪ tˈwɪtər tɪ steɪt, bɪn ˈhirɪŋ ə lɔt frəm ˈmɛmbərz əv ɑr ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz. ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ aɪ kənˈsɪstəntli hir: pliz voʊt noʊ ɔn ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈækʃən əˈgɛnst syria.”*.” ˈsteɪtmənt wɑz ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə ˈsɪriz əv frəm ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈvɛtərənz hu ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈsprɛst ðɛr ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə əˈtæk. ˈbɪznɪs pɔl ˈɔlsoʊ spoʊk tɪ hu ər ˈiðər ˈvɛtərənz ər ˈkərəntli ɔn ˈæktɪv ˈduti ɪn ðə military,”*,” ənd æst ðɛm ɪf ðeɪ səˈpɔrtɪd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌɛskəˈleɪʃən ɪn ˈsɪriə. hæv rɪˈspɑndɪd wɪθ ə riˈsaʊndɪŋ no,”*,” raɪts. hi kwoʊts ən ˈæktɪv ˈduti fərst klæs ˈsɑrʤənt hu steɪts, ər strɛʧt θɪn, taɪərd, ənd broke,”*,” ˈædɪŋ ðət ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts nɑt) nid tɪ bi wərld police.”*.” ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ˈsɪriə ɪz soʊ ˈdeɪnʤərəs ɔn soʊ ˈmɛni ˈlɛvəlz, ənd ðə ˈsɛnʧəri əˈmɛrɪkən vɛt ɪz mɔr kin tɪ ðɪs ðən ˈɛnibədi. ɪt ˈbɑgəlz maɪ maɪnd ðət wi ər biɪŋ ignored,”*,” ædz ˈfɔrmər cpl*. ʤæk mandaville*, ə mərˈin kɔrz ˈɪnfəntri ˈvɛtərən wɪθ 3 dɪˈplɔɪmənts tɪ ˌɪˈrɑk. nɑt ˈoʊnli ər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌpərsəˈnɛl goʊɪŋ ˈpəblɪk wɪθ ðɛr kənˈsərnz, pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət liks əv əˈtæk plænz ər ˈɔlsoʊ, frəm ə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn bjʊˈrɑkrəsi lɛs ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv ən əˈtæk ðən, seɪ, ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt, ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkaʊnsəl ər ˌoʊˈbɑmə himself,”*,” əˈnɔθərˌaɪzd dɪˈskloʊʒərz ðət hæv ðə waɪt haʊs ““peeved”*”. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə ˈsɪriən ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈɑrmi hækt ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈjuˈɛs mərˈinz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ənd lɛft ən əˈstaʊndɪŋ ˈmɛsɪʤ ˈkɔlɪŋ ɔn ˈjuˈɛs ˈsoʊlʤərz tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˈsɪriən ˈɑrmi ɪn ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ (klɪk fər ˌɛnˈlɑrʤmənt). ðə fʊl tɛkst əv ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ridz: ɪz ə ˈmɛsɪʤ ˈrɪtən baɪ jʊr ˈbrəðərz ɪn ðə ˈsɪriən ˈɑrmi, hu hæv bɪn ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər ðə læst 3 jɪrz. wi ˌəndərˈstænd jʊr ˈpeɪtriəˌtɪzəm ənd ləv fər jʊr ˈkəntri soʊ pliz ˌəndərˈstænd ɑr ləv fər ɑrz. ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz ə ˈtreɪtər hu wɔnts tɪ pʊt jʊr lɪvz ɪn ˈdeɪnʤər tɪ ˈrɛskju æl- ˌɪnˈsərʤənts. mərˈinz, pliz teɪk ə lʊk æt wət jʊr ˈkɑmˌrædz θɪŋk əˈbaʊt əˈlaɪəns wɪθ əˈgɛnst ˈsɪriə. jʊr ˈɔfɪsər ɪn ʧɑrʤ ˈprɑbəˌbli həz noʊ kwɑmz əˈbaʊt ˈsɛndɪŋ ju tɪ daɪ əˈgɛnst ˈsoʊlʤərz ʤɪst laɪk ju, ˈfaɪtɪŋ ə vaɪl ˈkɑmən ˈɛnəmi. ðə ˈsɪriən ˈɑrmi ʃʊd bi jʊr ˈælaɪ nɑt jʊr ˈɛnəmi. ˈrɛfˌjuz jʊr ˈɔrdərz ənd ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ɔn ðə ril ˈrizən ˈɛvəri ˈsoʊlʤər ʤɔɪnz ðɛr ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ðɛr ˈhoʊmˌlænd. mɔr ðən ˈwɛlkəm tɪ faɪt əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ɑr ˈɑrmi ˈrəðər ðən əˈgɛnst ɪt. jʊr ˈbrəðərz, ðə ˈsɪriən ˈɑrmi ˈsoʊlʤərz. ə ˈmɛsɪʤ dɪˈlɪvərd baɪ ðə sea.”*.” vju ə səˈlɛkʃən əv ˈjuˈɛs ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ðɛr ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə əˈtæk ɔn ˈsɪriə ˈviə ðə mim ɔn tˈwɪtər bɪˈloʊ. ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈfɑloʊ pɔl ˈʤoʊzəf ˈwɑtsən pɔl ˈʤoʊzəf ˈwɑtsən ɪz ðə ˈɛdɪtər ənd ˈraɪtər fər ənd ˈprɪzən planet.com*. hi ɪz ðə ˈɔθər əv ˈɔrdər aʊt əv keɪɑs. ˈwɑtsən ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə hoʊst fər ˈnaɪtli nuz. |
when they need to cut costs, producers will occasionally and recycle props that were used in other films. here are 10 that keep turning up in movie after movie.
1. u.s. marine harrier jet from the and true lies
during the battle with thor on the in the, thor smashed the hulk into the same harrier jet that was used in the climax of true lies. joss whedon revealed this tidbit on the' special edition blu-ray.
2. p.k.e. meter from ghostbusters, they live, and suburban commando
dr. egon p.k.e. energy) meter from the original ghostbusters wasd in various movies, including they live and suburban commando. while spengler used the prop device to find ghosts, the p.k.e. meter was used in they live to track alien life and in suburban commando to find a freeze laser.
3. golden idol (ancient goddess of fertility) from raiders of the lost ark and the majestic
twenty years after it appeared in raiders of the lost ark, the iconic golden idol that indiana jones tried to steal at the beginning of the film wasd in the majestic. it was part of the fictional sand pirates of the sahara, which is actually an homage to indiana jones. the golden idol also appeared briefly in spy kids 2: island of lost dreams.
4. space station model from star trek: the motion picture and star trek: the wrath of khan
the orbital office complex from star trek: the motion picture is the same miniature used for the regula one station from star trek: the wrath of khan, just turned upside down. the prop was also and for star trek: the next generation, deep space nine, and voyager.
5. samurai swords from kill bill and sin city
devon character in sin city, miho, used two samurai swords that the character ishii also used in kill bill. in the sin city special edition dvd, frank miller and robert rodriguez admitted that in the film's mythology, fictional hattori fashioned both blades for kill bill and sin city.
6. flying car from blade runner and back to the future
at the end of filming blade runner, director ridley scott wanted all of the prop vehicles destroyed so that no other movie production could use them in the future. however, the spinner, the flying police car, wasn't fact, it was and for back to the future part. blade runner's automotive concept designer gene winfield, who designed the spinner, also worked on back to the future part to give the sequel a futuristic look and feel.
7. body armor and helmets from starship troopers, planet of the apes (2001), and firefly
most of the military gear made for starship troopers was andd for a number of other productions, including the television show whedon recycled starship troopers' federation body armor for alliance soldiers' the 2001 planet of the apes remake (director tim burton federation helmets for the ape swat team at the end of film).
8. 1973 oldsmobile delta 88 from almost every sam movie
classiccarstodayonline.com
sam includes his very own 1973 oldsmobile delta 88 royale in most of his movies, even if it is anachronistic. for example, it appeared in the quick and the dead, a western set in the 1880s. according to bruce campbell, “sam had [the car] stripped down and a wagon built on top of it.”
9. california license plate "2gat123" from beverly hills cop, training day, kiss kiss bang bang, role models,traffic, mulholland dr., curb your enthusiasm, and many, many other movies
california no longer issues license plates in the "gat" series, so movie productions keep using the plate because it's not tied to an actual identity or car. according to curb your enthusiasm producer bob weide, "they're just prop plates that are used by a number of productions. the puts certain combinations aside for this purpose. any time you see a readable license plate in our show, it's a on the car by our propmaster."
over the years, the "2gat123" california license plate became as ubiquitous as the "555" phone number prefix, which is used for similar reasons, in movies and television.
10. a newspaper from no country for old men, a murder of crows, the texas chainsaw massacre (2003), and a long list of tv shows, including modern family, married with children, scrubs, and lucky louie
for years, the same prop newspaper was used for a variety of movies and tv shows with the same recycled headlines and feature images. it featured a photo of a woman with long thick hair and headlines that read, "she's brightest but hard 'gal' to see" and "compromised housing bill sent to president for ok." according to slate, the newspaper is from a small prop company in sun valley, california called the earl hays press and was first printed in the 1960s. movie and tv productions keep using the same prop newspaper because it's actually cheaper to pay $15 per prop than get legal clearance from an new york times or other real-life newspaper. | wɪn ðeɪ nid tɪ kət kɔsts, prəˈdusərz wɪl ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli ənd riˈsaɪkəl prɑps ðət wər juzd ɪn ˈəðər fɪlmz. hir ər 10 ðət kip ˈtərnɪŋ əp ɪn ˈmuvi ˈæftər ˈmuvi. 1 juz. mərˈin ˈhɛriər ʤɛt frəm ðə ənd tru laɪz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈbætəl wɪθ θɔr ɔn ðə ɪn ðə, θɔr smæʃt ðə həlk ˈɪntu ðə seɪm ˈhɛriər ʤɛt ðət wɑz juzd ɪn ðə ˈklaɪˌmæks əv tru laɪz. ʤɔs ˈwɛdən rɪˈvild ðɪs ˈtɪdˌbɪt ɔn ðə' ˈspɛʃəl ɪˈdɪʃən blu-ray*. 2 p.k.e*. ˈmitər frəm ˈgoʊstˌbəstərz, ðeɪ lɪv, ənd səˈbərbən kəˈmænˌdoʊ ˈdɑktər. ˈiˌgɑn p.k.e*. ˈɛnərʤi) ˈmitər frəm ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈgoʊstˌbəstərz wɑz ɪn ˈvɛriəs ˈmuviz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðeɪ lɪv ənd səˈbərbən kəˈmænˌdoʊ. waɪl ˈspɪŋələr juzd ðə prɑp dɪˈvaɪs tɪ faɪnd goʊsts, ðə p.k.e*. ˈmitər wɑz juzd ɪn ðeɪ lɪv tɪ træk ˈeɪliən laɪf ənd ɪn səˈbərbən kəˈmænˌdoʊ tɪ faɪnd ə friz ˈleɪzər. 3 ˈgoʊldən ˈaɪdəl (ˈeɪnʧənt ˈgɑdəs əv fərˈtɪlɪti) frəm ˈreɪdərz əv ðə lɔst ɑrk ənd ðə məˈʤɛstɪk tˈwɛnti jɪrz ˈæftər ɪt əˈpɪrd ɪn ˈreɪdərz əv ðə lɔst ɑrk, ðə ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ˈgoʊldən ˈaɪdəl ðət ˌɪndiˈænə ʤoʊnz traɪd tɪ stil æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə fɪlm wɑz ɪn ðə məˈʤɛstɪk. ɪt wɑz pɑrt əv ðə ˈfɪkʃənəl sænd ˈpaɪrəts əv ðə səˈhɛrə, wɪʧ ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ən ˈɑməʤ tɪ ˌɪndiˈænə ʤoʊnz. ðə ˈgoʊldən ˈaɪdəl ˈɔlsoʊ əˈpɪrd ˈbrifli ɪn spaɪ kɪdz 2 ˈaɪlənd əv lɔst drimz. 4 speɪs ˈsteɪʃən ˈmɑdəl frəm stɑr trɛk: ðə ˈmoʊʃən ˈpɪkʧər ənd stɑr trɛk: ðə ræθ əv kɑn ðə ˈɔrbətəl ˈɔfəs ˈkɑmplɛks frəm stɑr trɛk: ðə ˈmoʊʃən ˈpɪkʧər ɪz ðə seɪm ˈmɪnɪˌʧʊr juzd fər ðə rɛˈgulə wən ˈsteɪʃən frəm stɑr trɛk: ðə ræθ əv kɑn, ʤɪst tərnd ˈəpˈsaɪd daʊn. ðə prɑp wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ənd fər stɑr trɛk: ðə nɛkst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən, dip speɪs naɪn, ənd ˈvɔɪɪʤər. 5 ˈsæmʊˌraɪ sɔrdz frəm kɪl bɪl ənd sɪn ˈsɪti ˈdɛvən ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn sɪn ˈsɪti, miho*, juzd tu ˈsæmʊˌraɪ sɔrdz ðət ðə ˈkɛrɪktər ˌɪˈʃiˌi ˈɔlsoʊ juzd ɪn kɪl bɪl. ɪn ðə sɪn ˈsɪti ˈspɛʃəl ɪˈdɪʃən ˌdiˌviˈdi, fræŋk ˈmɪlər ənd ˈrɑbərt rɑˈdrigɛz ədˈmɪtəd ðət ɪn ðə fɪlmz məˈθɑləˌʤi, ˈfɪkʃənəl hɑˈtɔri ˈfæʃənd boʊθ bleɪdz fər kɪl bɪl ənd sɪn ˈsɪti. 6 flaɪɪŋ kɑr frəm bleɪd ˈrənər ənd bæk tɪ ðə fˈjuʧər æt ðə ɛnd əv ˈfɪlmɪŋ bleɪd ˈrənər, dɪˈrɛktər ˈrɪdli skɑt ˈwɔntɪd ɔl əv ðə prɑp ˈviɪkəlz dɪˈstrɔɪd soʊ ðət noʊ ˈəðər ˈmuvi pərˈdəkʃən kʊd juz ðɛm ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈspɪnər, ðə flaɪɪŋ pəˈlis kɑr, ˈwəzənt fækt, ɪt wɑz ənd fər bæk tɪ ðə fˈjuʧər pɑrt. bleɪd ˈrənərz ˌɔtəˈmoʊtɪv ˈkɑnsɛpt dɪˈzaɪnər ʤin ˈwɪnˌfild, hu dɪˈzaɪnd ðə ˈspɪnər, ˈɔlsoʊ wərkt ɔn bæk tɪ ðə fˈjuʧər pɑrt tɪ gɪv ðə ˈsikwəl ə fˌjuʧərˈɪstɪk lʊk ənd fil. 7 ˈbɑdi ˈɑrmər ənd ˈhɛlməts frəm ˈstɑrˌʃɪp ˈtrupərz, ˈplænət əv ðə eɪps 2001 ənd ˈfaɪərˌflaɪ moʊst əv ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri gɪr meɪd fər ˈstɑrˌʃɪp ˈtrupərz wɑz ənd fər ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈəðər pərˈdəkʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ʃoʊ ˈwɛdən riˈsaɪkəld ˈstɑrˌʃɪp ˈtrupərz' ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən ˈbɑdi ˈɑrmər fər əˈlaɪəns ˈsoʊlʤərz' ðə 2001 ˈplænət əv ðə eɪps ˈriˈmeɪk (dɪˈrɛktər tɪm ˈbərtən ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən ˈhɛlməts fər ðə eɪp swɑt tim æt ðə ɛnd əv fɪlm). 8 1973 ˈoʊldzmoʊˌbil ˈdɛltə 88 frəm ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvəri sæm ˈmuvi sæm ˌɪnˈkludz hɪz ˈvɛri oʊn 1973 ˈoʊldzmoʊˌbil ˈdɛltə 88 rɔɪæl ɪn moʊst əv hɪz ˈmuviz, ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt ɪz əˌnækrəˈnɪstɪk. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪt əˈpɪrd ɪn ðə kwɪk ənd ðə dɛd, ə ˈwɛstərn sɛt ɪn ðə 1880s*. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ brus ˈkæmbəl, hæd [ðə kɑr] strɪpt daʊn ənd ə ˈwægən bɪlt ɔn tɔp əv it.”*.” 9 ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈlaɪsəns pleɪt frəm ˈbɛvərli hɪlz kɑp, ˈtreɪnɪŋ deɪ, kɪs kɪs bæŋ bæŋ, roʊl models,traffic*, ˌməˈlhɑlənd ˈdɑktər., kərb jʊr ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm, ənd ˈmɛni, ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈmuviz ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈɪʃuz ˈlaɪsəns pleɪts ɪn ðə "gæt" ˈsɪriz, soʊ ˈmuvi pərˈdəkʃənz kip ˈjuzɪŋ ðə pleɪt bɪˈkəz ɪts nɑt taɪd tɪ ən ˈækʧəwəl aɪˈdɛntəˌti ər kɑr. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ kərb jʊr ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm prəˈdusər bɑb ˈwaɪdi, "ðɛr ʤɪst prɑp pleɪts ðət ər juzd baɪ ə ˈnəmbər əv pərˈdəkʃənz. ðə pʊts ˈsərtən ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃənz əˈsaɪd fər ðɪs ˈpərpəs. ˈɛni taɪm ju si ə ˈridəbəl ˈlaɪsəns pleɪt ɪn ɑr ʃoʊ, ɪts ə ɔn ðə kɑr baɪ ɑr propmaster*." ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz, ðə ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈlaɪsəns pleɪt bɪˈkeɪm ɛz juˈbɪkwɪtəs ɛz ðə 555 foʊn ˈnəmbər ˈprifɪks, wɪʧ ɪz juzd fər ˈsɪmələr ˈrizənz, ɪn ˈmuviz ənd ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən. 10 ə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər frəm noʊ ˈkəntri fər oʊld mɛn, ə ˈmərdər əv kroʊz, ðə ˈtɛksəs ˈʧeɪnˌsɔ ˈmæsəkər 2003 ənd ə lɔŋ lɪst əv ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ʃoʊz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɑdərn ˈfæməli, ˈmɛrid wɪθ ˈʧɪldrən, scrubs*, ənd ˈləki lui fər jɪrz, ðə seɪm prɑp ˈnuzˌpeɪpər wɑz juzd fər ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈmuviz ənd ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ʃoʊz wɪθ ðə seɪm riˈsaɪkəld ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz ənd ˈfiʧər ˈɪmɪʤɪz. ɪt ˈfiʧərd ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ə ˈwʊmən wɪθ lɔŋ θɪk hɛr ənd ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz ðət rɛd, "ʃiz ˈbraɪtəst bət hɑrd 'gæl' tɪ si" ənd "ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd ˈhaʊzɪŋ bɪl sɛnt tɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt fər ˈoʊˈkeɪ." əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ sleɪt, ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ɪz frəm ə smɔl prɑp ˈkəmpəˌni ɪn sən ˈvæli, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə kɔld ðə ərl heɪz prɛs ənd wɑz fərst ˈprɪnɪd ɪn ðə 1960s*. ˈmuvi ənd ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən pərˈdəkʃənz kip ˈjuzɪŋ ðə seɪm prɑp ˈnuzˌpeɪpər bɪˈkəz ɪts ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈʧipər tɪ peɪ 15 pər prɑp ðən gɪt ˈligəl ˈklɪrəns frəm ən nu jɔrk taɪmz ər ˈəðər ˈriˌllaɪf ˈnuzˌpeɪpər. |
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the inaugural world drone racing championships (aka drone worlds) is the culmination of over a anticipation for a truly global, drone racing competition, and expectations were high. the event was held on ranch in hawaii on the island of o'ahu, the spectacular setting which has served as the famous backdrop for jurassic park and many other films. the epic volcanic cliffs, which encircle the race course, create a rather dramatic backdrop.
entering the racers’ village, the international nature of the event is immediate; it's reminiscent of an olympic village, albeit on a much smaller budget. "the worlds were designed to be very much like an olympic style event," says scot resfland, chairman of the drone sports association, the umbrella of the drone worlds.
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over 180 pilots, representing more than 30 countries made it here, highlight just how much drone racing has grown globally since we first featured it back in. as to be expected, the biggest national representation came from those closest to the site. usa, canada, australia, new zealand, korea, and china all supplied numerous pilots, spotters, and support infrastructure, but more distant countries were represented, too. denmark, hungary, and poland all to send pilots to compete, and france andraine showcased sizeable squads. the, sadly, was under represented, with only one pilot chi lau, james bowles, brett collis, gary "justice" kent, and current drone prix champion luke bannister all being eligible. however, there was no shortage of big names on board to entertain the crowds, including shaun "nytfury" taylor, kim, brian "braindrain" morris, and mac.
competition began with the aloha paid entry competition which served as the final qualifier event for the drone worlds. this was followed by seeding events for the freestyle, individual, and wing competitions. there was also an international competition, pitting the usa, canada,, new zealand, korea, australia, and russia against one another in a series of five races. ultimately the usa won with korea taking second and team, or as they were known in the village, team brexit, managing a respectable third.
the final two days, friday and saturday, were set aside for the remaining pilots to battle it out for the top prizes in each category, and ultimately an individual drone worlds champion.
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but it was the drone worlds individual challenge that captured the competitive heart of the drone racing community. racers were whittled down to 32, following a series of qualifying events. shaun taylor looked strong throughout qualifying, setting the fastest lap times, although zachry "a_nub" thayer, cain "mad_air" madere, and brian morris all flew consistently well.
australian pilot ross kerker and mac also emerged as early favourites, and there were many others looking like strong contenders. thayer made the semi-finals, along with morris and. madere came first in at least two of his races, entering the final as a firm favourite, likewise for taylor. but not all fared so well. for ross kerker, a pro pilot, losing in this competition was not an option: "the last 12 months have been dedicated to this," he says. "if top 10 done good enough, if not have to reconsider my career."
sadly, luck on his side. his first heat saw him retire early following a crash. he took first place in his second round, only to fail in the next. leading from the front kerker looked strong, despite facing stiff competition. however, on the final kerker was hit by a fellow pilot, taking both pilots out of the race. disappointed in the result, not disappointed in my performance," he says, "but i have good luck, unlucky at drone racing."
the final race saw american pilots shaun taylor, cain medere, paul "bulbufet", and nick willard fly alongside the chinese pilot "hailang" li, frenchman couturier "sartorius" benoit, german pilot solle, and korean team member han. the scene was set for an exciting final and many more spectators arrived to witness the action. despite a fast start from all pilots, the first attempt at racing was cancelled after a crash at gate one and more collisions at gate three nullified the race. during a rather long pause while waiting for the race to be reset, perhaps to alleviate the pressure, taylor and madere entertained the crowed with a thumb wrestling hyped the fans by starting some mexican waves.
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eventually the race was restarted. this time, all eight pilots got good, clean, fast starts, and tension started to mount. taylor led from the front, getting away from potential challengers by putting down an incredibly fast first lap. li responded with a lap and managed 36. li crashed on the third lap, taking fourth position and so too did benoit, who finished fifth. neither solle, madere, nor han completed the race, with han never making it past the opening straight. they finished sixth, seventh and eighth, respectively. meanwhile, taylor increased his lead, albeit with diminishing lap times, and and williard pushed hard enough to secure podium finishes.
taylor took a win, his consistent flying paying dividends. but, ever humble, he was quick to congratulate and thank the wider community and heap praise on fellow pilots. just blessed. lucky. i won today, but a brand new day, all about the next race. looking forward to someone else whooping me next week," he says.
the event was, at various points, marred by poor communication, bad organisation, and technical issues, particularly regarding to timing. for many, this put a on the whole experience. "i came here expecting a world-class event, which this is not," says kerker. and for the evolution of the sport to reach a global audience and meet high expectations, much more needs to be ironed out before a world-class event emerges. but, for a first attempt, in a rapidly changing and growing sport, it be long before something bigger and better comes along.
in the meantime, the opportunity to fly with the very best of the current crop of pioneering pilots in such a new sport, and in such a wonderful location was plenty enough for most pilots.
david stock is a photographer based in london.
listing image by david stock | ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ðə ˌɪˈnɔgərəl wərld droʊn ˈreɪsɪŋ ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps (ˈɑkə droʊn wərldz) ɪz ðə ˌkəlməˈneɪʃən əv ˈoʊvər ə ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən fər ə ˈtruli ˈgloʊbəl, droʊn ˈreɪsɪŋ ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən, ənd ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz wər haɪ. ðə ɪˈvɛnt wɑz hɛld ɔn rænʧ ɪn həˈwaɪˌi ɔn ðə ˈaɪlənd əv o'ahu*, ðə spɛkˈtækjələr ˈsɛtɪŋ wɪʧ həz sərvd ɛz ðə ˈfeɪməs ˈbækˌdrɑp fər ʤʊˈræsɪk pɑrk ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðər fɪlmz. ðə ˈɛpɪk vɑlˈkænɪk klɪfs, wɪʧ ɛnˈsərkəl ðə reɪs kɔrs, kriˈeɪt ə ˈrəðər drəˈmætɪk ˈbækˌdrɑp. ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə racers’*’ ˈvɪlɪʤ, ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ɪˈvɛnt ɪz ˌɪˈmiˌdiət; ɪts ˌrɛməˈnɪsənt əv ən oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˈvɪlɪʤ, ɔlˈbiɪt ɔn ə məʧ sˈmɔlər ˈbəʤɪt. "ðə wərldz wər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ bi ˈvɛri məʧ laɪk ən oʊˈlɪmpɪk staɪl ɪˈvɛnt," sɪz skɑt resfland*, ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə droʊn spɔrts əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ðə ˈəmˌbrɛlə əv ðə droʊn wərldz. ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈoʊvər 180 ˈpaɪləts, ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ mɔr ðən 30 ˈkəntriz meɪd ɪt hir, ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ʤɪst haʊ məʧ droʊn ˈreɪsɪŋ həz groʊn ˈgloʊbəli sɪns wi fərst ˈfiʧərd ɪt bæk ɪn ɛz tɪ bi ɪkˈspɛktɪd, ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈnæʃənəl ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən keɪm frəm ðoʊz ˈkloʊsəst tɪ ðə saɪt. ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ, ˈkænədə, ɔˈstreɪljə, nu ˈzilənd, ˌkɔˈriə, ənd ˈʧaɪnə ɔl səˈplaɪd ˈnumərəs ˈpaɪləts, ˈspɑtərz, ənd səˈpɔrt ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər, bət mɔr ˈdɪstənt ˈkəntriz wər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd, tu. ˈdɛnˌmɑrk, ˈhəŋgəri, ənd ˈpoʊlənd ɔl tɪ sɛnd ˈpaɪləts tɪ kəmˈpit, ənd fræns ənd juˈkreɪn ˈʃoʊˌkeɪst ˈsaɪzəbəl skwɑdz. ðə, ˈsædli, wɑz ˈəndər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd, wɪθ ˈoʊnli wən ˈpaɪlət kaɪ laʊ, ʤeɪmz boʊlz, brɛt ˈkɑlɪs, ˈgɛri "ˈʤəstɪs" kɛnt, ənd ˈkɑrənt droʊn pri ˈʧæmpiən luk ˈbænɪstər ɔl biɪŋ ˈɛlɪʤəbəl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈʃɔrtɪʤ əv bɪg neɪmz ɔn bɔrd tɪ ˌɛnərˈteɪn ðə kraʊdz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ʃɔn "nytfury*" ˈteɪlər, kɪm, braɪən "braindrain*" ˈmɔrɪs, ənd mæk. ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən bɪˈgæn wɪθ ðə əˈloʊhɑ peɪd ˈɛntri ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən wɪʧ sərvd ɛz ðə ˈfaɪnəl kˈwɑləˌfaɪər ɪˈvɛnt fər ðə droʊn wərldz. ðɪs wɑz ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈsidɪŋ ɪˈvɛnts fər ðə ˈfriˌstaɪl, ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl, ənd wɪŋ ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃənz. ðɛr wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən, ˈpɪtɪŋ ðə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ, ˈkænədə,, nu ˈzilənd, ˌkɔˈriə, ɔˈstreɪljə, ənd ˈrəʃə əˈgɛnst wən əˈnəðər ɪn ə ˈsɪriz əv faɪv ˈreɪsɪz. ˈəltəmətli ðə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ wən wɪθ ˌkɔˈriə ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈsɛkənd ənd tim, ər ɛz ðeɪ wər noʊn ɪn ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ, tim brexit*, ˈmænəʤɪŋ ə rɪˈspɛktəbəl θərd. ðə ˈfaɪnəl tu deɪz, ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ənd ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, wər sɛt əˈsaɪd fər ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈpaɪləts tɪ ˈbætəl ɪt aʊt fər ðə tɔp ˈpraɪzɪz ɪn iʧ ˈkætəˌgɔri, ənd ˈəltəmətli ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl droʊn wərldz ˈʧæmpiən. ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk bət ɪt wɑz ðə droʊn wərldz ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈʧælənʤ ðət ˈkæpʧərd ðə kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv hɑrt əv ðə droʊn ˈreɪsɪŋ kəmˈjunɪti. ˈreɪsərz wər ˈwɪtəld daʊn tɪ 32 ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈsɪriz əv kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ ɪˈvɛnts. ʃɔn ˈteɪlər lʊkt strɔŋ θruaʊt kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ, ˈsɛtɪŋ ðə ˈfæstəst læp taɪmz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈzɑkri "a_nub*" θeɪər, keɪn "mad_air*" ˈmædər, ənd braɪən ˈmɔrɪs ɔl flu kənˈsɪstəntli wɛl. ɔˈstreɪljən ˈpaɪlət rɔs ˈkərkər ənd mæk ˈɔlsoʊ ˈimərʤd ɛz ˈərli favourites*, ənd ðɛr wər ˈmɛni ˈəðərz ˈlʊkɪŋ laɪk strɔŋ kənˈtɛndərz. θeɪər meɪd ðə semi-finals*, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈmɔrɪs ənd. ˈmædər keɪm fərst ɪn æt list tu əv hɪz ˈreɪsɪz, ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪnəl ɛz ə fərm ˈfeɪvərɪt, ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz fər ˈteɪlər. bət nɑt ɔl fɛrd soʊ wɛl. fər rɔs ˈkərkər, ə proʊ ˈpaɪlət, ˈluzɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən wɑz nɑt ən ˈɔpʃən: "ðə læst 12 mənθs hæv bɪn ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ðɪs," hi sɪz. "ɪf tɔp 10 dən gʊd ɪˈnəf, ɪf nɑt hæv tɪ ˌrikənˈsɪdər maɪ kərɪr." ˈsædli, lək ɔn hɪz saɪd. hɪz fərst hit sɔ ɪm ˌriˈtaɪər ˈərli ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə kræʃ. hi tʊk fərst pleɪs ɪn hɪz ˈsɛkənd raʊnd, ˈoʊnli tɪ feɪl ɪn ðə nɛkst. ˈlidɪŋ frəm ðə frənt ˈkərkər lʊkt strɔŋ, dɪˈspaɪt ˈfeɪsɪŋ stɪf ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɔn ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈkərkər wɑz hɪt baɪ ə ˈfɛloʊ ˈpaɪlət, ˈteɪkɪŋ boʊθ ˈpaɪləts aʊt əv ðə reɪs. ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd ɪn ðə rɪˈzəlt, nɑt ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd ɪn maɪ pərˈfɔrməns," hi sɪz, "bət aɪ hæv gʊd lək, ənˈləki æt droʊn ˈreɪsɪŋ." ðə ˈfaɪnəl reɪs sɔ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpaɪləts ʃɔn ˈteɪlər, keɪn medere*, pɔl "bulbufet*", ənd nɪk ˈwɪlərd flaɪ əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˈpaɪlət "hailang*" li, ˈfrɛnʧmæn kuˈtʊriər "sɑrˈtɔriɪs" bəˈnɔɪt, ˈʤərmən ˈpaɪlət solle*, ənd ˌkɔˈriən tim ˈmɛmbər hɑn. ðə sin wɑz sɛt fər ən ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ˈfaɪnəl ənd ˈmɛni mɔr ˈspɛkteɪtərz əraɪvd tɪ ˈwɪtnəs ðə ˈækʃən. dɪˈspaɪt ə fæst stɑrt frəm ɔl ˈpaɪləts, ðə fərst əˈtɛmpt æt ˈreɪsɪŋ wɑz ˈkænsəld ˈæftər ə kræʃ æt geɪt wən ənd mɔr kəˈlɪʒənz æt geɪt θri ˈnələˌfaɪd ðə reɪs. ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈrəðər lɔŋ pɔz waɪl ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ðə reɪs tɪ bi ˈrisɛt, pərˈhæps tɪ əˈliviˌeɪt ðə ˈprɛʃər, ˈteɪlər ənd ˈmædər ˌɛnərˈteɪnd ðə kroʊd wɪθ ə θəm ˈrɛsəlɪŋ haɪpt ðə fænz baɪ ˈstɑrtɪŋ səm ˈmɛksəkən weɪvz. ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ðə reɪs wɑz riˈstɑrtɪd. ðɪs taɪm, ɔl eɪt ˈpaɪləts gɑt gʊd, klin, fæst stɑrts, ənd ˈtɛnʃən ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ maʊnt. ˈteɪlər lɛd frəm ðə frənt, ˈgɪtɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈʧælənʤərz baɪ ˈpʊtɪŋ daʊn ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli fæst fərst læp. li rɪˈspɑndɪd wɪθ ə læp ənd ˈmænɪʤd 36 li kræʃt ɔn ðə θərd læp, ˈteɪkɪŋ fɔrθ pəˈzɪʃən ənd soʊ tu dɪd bəˈnɔɪt, hu ˈfɪnɪʃt fɪθ. ˈniðər solle*, ˈmædər, nɔr hɑn kəmˈplitɪd ðə reɪs, wɪθ hɑn ˈnɛvər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt pæst ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ streɪt. ðeɪ ˈfɪnɪʃt sɪksθ, ˈsɛvənθ ənd eɪθ, rɪˈspɛktɪvli. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈteɪlər ˌɪnˈkrist hɪz lɛd, ɔlˈbiɪt wɪθ dɪˈmɪnɪʃɪŋ læp taɪmz, ənd ənd ˈwɪljɑrd pʊʃt hɑrd ɪˈnəf tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ˈpoʊdiəm ˈfɪnɪʃɪz. ˈteɪlər tʊk ə wɪn, hɪz kənˈsɪstənt flaɪɪŋ peɪɪŋ ˈdɪvɪˌdɛndz. bət, ˈɛvər ˈhəmbəl, hi wɑz kwɪk tɪ kənˈgræʧəˌleɪt ənd θæŋk ðə ˈwaɪdər kəmˈjunɪti ənd hip preɪz ɔn ˈfɛloʊ ˈpaɪləts. ʤɪst blɛst. ˈləki. aɪ wən təˈdeɪ, bət ə brænd nu deɪ, ɔl əˈbaʊt ðə nɛkst reɪs. ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˈsəmˌwən ɛls ˈwupɪŋ mi nɛkst wik," hi sɪz. ðə ɪˈvɛnt wɑz, æt ˈvɛriəs pɔɪnts, mɑrd baɪ pur kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən, bæd ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən, ənd ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈɪʃuz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ tɪ ˈtaɪmɪŋ. fər ˈmɛni, ðɪs pʊt ə ɔn ðə hoʊl ɪkˈspɪriəns. "aɪ keɪm hir ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ ə ˈwərldˌklæs ɪˈvɛnt, wɪʧ ðɪs ɪz nɑt," sɪz ˈkərkər. ənd fər ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ðə spɔrt tɪ riʧ ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈɔdiəns ənd mit haɪ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz, məʧ mɔr nidz tɪ bi aɪərnd aʊt ˌbiˈfɔr ə ˈwərldˌklæs ɪˈvɛnt ˈimərʤɪz. bət, fər ə fərst əˈtɛmpt, ɪn ə ˈræpədli ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ənd groʊɪŋ spɔrt, ɪt bi lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈbɪgər ənd ˈbɛtər kəmz əˈlɔŋ. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ flaɪ wɪθ ðə ˈvɛri bɛst əv ðə ˈkɑrənt krɑp əv ˌpaɪəˈnɪrɪŋ ˈpaɪləts ɪn səʧ ə nu spɔrt, ənd ɪn səʧ ə ˈwəndərfəl loʊˈkeɪʃən wɑz ˈplɛnti ɪˈnəf fər moʊst pilots.*. ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk ɪz ə fəˈtɑgrəfər beɪst ɪn ˈləndən. ˈlɪstɪŋ ˈɪmɪʤ baɪ ˈdeɪvɪd stɑk |
rapper future's appearance at the match between the atlanta falcons and the seattle seahawks has reignited the silent war between him and his ex, who is now married to russell wilson.
the low life rapper was rooting for the falcons, which ultimately emerged as the winner in a match in the divisional round for the national football league.
the music artist reportedly got carried away after the victory of his home team and sent falcons jerseys to his son with, future zahir. the singer allegedly plans to bring his son for the next playoff game and wants him to support the falcons despite the fact that future step-father, wilson, plays for the seahawks.
"future loves his falcons and was so impressed with matt ryan's performance that immediately after the game he sent several child size ryan jerseys to and russell's for his son to wear. he doesn't think it's being petty. he plans on bringing future jr. to the next playoff game and wants his son to support the falcons and be part of the winning squad with a phenomenal quarterback as they make a run for the super bowl," the source told hollywood life.
"like any dad, future wants to bond with his kid and take him to ball games and what better way than to be on the sidelines at a falcons game," the source concludes.
the singer, who is pregnant with wilson's baby, was reportedly not thrilled to see her cheering for her husband's opponents. and in true style, she subtly shrugged the entire controversy with a sweet family picture where she and the seahawks quarterback are seen with their son. was also spotted wearing her husband's jersey number in the same picture.
"no greater blessing than having family. we're proud of you @dangerusswilson," she captioned the adorable image.
the jackie album hitmaker, shared another post flaunting her baby bump alongside her son as both were seen smiling ear to ear. | ˈræpər fˈjuʧərz əˈpɪrəns æt ðə mæʧ bɪtˈwin ðə æˈtlæntə ˈfælkənz ənd ðə siˈætəl ˈsiˌhɔks həz ˌriɪgˈnaɪtɪd ðə ˈsaɪlənt wɔr bɪtˈwin ɪm ənd hɪz ɛks, hu ɪz naʊ ˈmɛrid tɪ ˈrəsəl ˈwɪlsən. ðə loʊ laɪf ˈræpər wɑz ˈrutɪŋ fər ðə ˈfælkənz, wɪʧ ˈəltəmətli ˈimərʤd ɛz ðə ˈwɪnər ɪn ə mæʧ ɪn ðə dɪˈvɪʒənəl raʊnd fər ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈfʊtˌbɔl lig. ðə mˈjuzɪk ˈɑrtɪst rɪˈpɔrtədli gɑt ˈkɛrid əˈweɪ ˈæftər ðə ˈvɪktəri əv hɪz hoʊm tim ənd sɛnt ˈfælkənz ˈʤərziz tɪ hɪz sən wɪθ, fˈjuʧər zəˈhɪr. ðə ˈsɪŋər əˈlɛʤədli plænz tɪ brɪŋ hɪz sən fər ðə nɛkst pleɪɔf geɪm ənd wɔnts ɪm tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ˈfælkənz dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət fˈjuʧər step-father*, ˈwɪlsən, pleɪz fər ðə ˈsiˌhɔks. "fˈjuʧər ləvz hɪz ˈfælkənz ənd wɑz soʊ ˌɪmˈprɛst wɪθ mæt raɪənz pərˈfɔrməns ðət ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈæftər ðə geɪm hi sɛnt ˈsɛvərəl ʧaɪld saɪz raɪən ˈʤərziz tɪ ənd ˈrəsəlz fər hɪz sən tɪ wɛr. hi ˈdəzənt θɪŋk ɪts biɪŋ ˈpɛˌti. hi plænz ɔn ˈbrɪŋɪŋ fˈjuʧər jr*. tɪ ðə nɛkst pleɪɔf geɪm ənd wɔnts hɪz sən tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ˈfælkənz ənd bi pɑrt əv ðə ˈwɪnɪŋ skwɑd wɪθ ə fəˈnɑmənəl kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ɛz ðeɪ meɪk ə rən fər ðə ˈsupər boʊl," ðə sɔrs toʊld ˈhɑliˌwʊd laɪf. "laɪk ˈɛni dæd, fˈjuʧər wɔnts tɪ bɑnd wɪθ hɪz kɪd ənd teɪk ɪm tɪ bɔl geɪmz ənd wət ˈbɛtər weɪ ðən tɪ bi ɔn ðə ˈsaɪˌdlaɪnz æt ə ˈfælkənz geɪm," ðə sɔrs kənˈkludz. ðə ˈsɪŋər, hu ɪz ˈprɛgnənt wɪθ ˈwɪlsənz ˈbeɪbi, wɑz rɪˈpɔrtədli nɑt θrɪld tɪ si hər ˈʧɪrɪŋ fər hər ˈhəzbəndz əˈpoʊnənts. ənd ɪn tru staɪl, ʃi ˈsətəli ʃrəgd ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi wɪθ ə swit ˈfæməli ˈpɪkʧər wɛr ʃi ənd ðə ˈsiˌhɔks kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ər sin wɪθ ðɛr sən. wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈspɑtɪd ˈwɛrɪŋ hər ˈhəzbəndz ˈʤərzi ˈnəmbər ɪn ðə seɪm ˈpɪkʧər. "noʊ ˈgreɪtər ˈblɛsɪŋ ðən ˈhævɪŋ ˈfæməli. wɪr praʊd əv ju @dangerusswilson*," ʃi ˈkæpʃənd ðə əˈdɔrəbəl ˈɪmɪʤ. ðə ˈʤæki ˈælbəm hitmaker*, ʃɛrd əˈnəðər poʊst ˈflɔntɪŋ hər ˈbeɪbi bəmp əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd hər sən ɛz boʊθ wər sin sˈmaɪlɪŋ ɪr tɪ ɪr. |
nascar owners are taking a firm stance against the ‘take a knee’ anthem protests which escalated across the nfl in the wake of us president donald on the issue on sunday.
the gesture was started by former san francisco quarterback colin last season as a demonstration against police brutality. trump reignited the controversy on friday when he said that anyone taking part in the demonstration should be fired.
while his comments caused a backlash among football players and team owners alike, the ‘take a knee’ movement gained little traction in nascar where several owners said they would not condone drivers or staff taking part in the protests.
read more
richard petty who richard petty told the ap that anyone who refuses to stand for the national anthem should be forced to leave the country.
“anybody that stand up for the anthem oughta be out of the country. period. what got ’em where at? the united states,” petty said.
those sentiments were echoed by another owner, richard childress, who said any protests from his team members would “get you a ride on a greyhound bus.”
“anybody that works for me should respect the country we live in. so many people gave their lives for it. this is america,” childress said according to yahoo sports.
read more: rapper jay z rumored to have rebuffed super bowl halftime show request in solidarity stand
owner andy also condemned the protesters but took a more conciliatory stance. when asked what he would do with an employee who takes a knee, told espn: "i would sit down with them and say it's the wrong thing to do that and many people, including myself, view it as an affront to our great country.”
“if there is disenchantment towards the president or a few bad law enforcement officers, don't have it cross over to all that is still good and right about our country."
there was one notable exception to the hegemony, however, with driver and team owner dale earnhardt backing the right of all americans to peaceful protest, by quoting jfk on twitter.
all americans r granted rights 2 peaceful protests
those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution dale earnhardt. (@dalejr) september 25, 2017
trump his appreciation for the stance of most involved with nascar on monday morning, saying “so proud” of the sporting organization and its fans.
so proud of nascar and its supporters and fans. they won't put up with disrespecting our country or our flag - they said it loud and clear! donald j. trump (@realdonaldtrump) september 25, 2017
kaepernick’s stance was never far from the headlines during the summer off season. having parted ways from the, he was not offered a role by any other nfl franchise with many believing his ‘take a knee’ protest made him an undesirable recruit for teams.
players, coaches and owners came together to showcase unity across the nfl.
hear from... nfl network (@nflnetwork) september 25, 2017
trump, however, had no sympathy for him or anyone else engaging in the protest.
“wouldn’t you love to see one of these nfl owners, when somebody disrespects our flag, to say, ‘get that son of a bitch off the field right now. out! fired. fired!’” he said at a rally for republican senator luther strange in alabama.
“you know, some owner is going to do that. going to say, ‘that guy that disrespects our flag, fired.’ and that owner, they know it [but] be the most popular person in this country.”
read more: 'get that son of a bitch off the field’: trump takes aim at nfl anthem protesters (videos)
those comments sparked rebuttals from nfl commissioner roger goodell and numerous team owners, including the owner of the new england patriots robert kraft, who trump has referred to as a ‘friend’.
the protests reached unprecedented levels when slate of games rolled around. dozens of players during the us anthem while several teams elected to stay in their locker rooms during the anthem to avoid the controversy.
as the nfl anthem protests unfolded, trump responded by that fans “should never condone” the players involved.
sports fans should never condone players that do not stand proud for their national anthem or their country. nfl should change policy! donald j. trump (@realdonaldtrump) september 24, 2017
the protest also received support in major league baseball where oakland athletics catcher bruce maxwell became the first player in the league to take part in the demonstration.
the national basketball association is currently on its but several of the stars, including lebron james, have strongly expressed support for the protests. | ˈnæˌskɑr ˈoʊnərz ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ə fərm stæns əˈgɛnst ðə ə knee’*’ ˈænθəm ˈproʊˌtɛsts wɪʧ ˈɛskəˌleɪtɪd əˈkrɔs ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ɪn ðə weɪk əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu ɔn ˈsənˌdi. ðə ˈʤɛsʧər wɑz ˈstɑrtɪd baɪ ˈfɔrmər sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ˈkoʊlɪn læst ˈsizən ɛz ə ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃən əˈgɛnst pəˈlis bruˈtælɪti. trəmp ˌriɪgˈnaɪtɪd ðə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ wɪn hi sɛd ðət ˈɛniˌwən ˈteɪkɪŋ pɑrt ɪn ðə ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃən ʃʊd bi faɪərd. waɪl hɪz ˈkɑmɛnts kɔzd ə ˈbæˌklæʃ əˈməŋ ˈfʊtˌbɔl pleɪərz ənd tim ˈoʊnərz əˈlaɪk, ðə ə knee’*’ ˈmuvmənt geɪnd ˈlɪtəl ˈtrækʃən ɪn ˈnæˌskɑr wɛr ˈsɛvərəl ˈoʊnərz sɛd ðeɪ wʊd nɑt kənˈdoʊn ˈdraɪvərz ər stæf ˈteɪkɪŋ pɑrt ɪn ðə ˈproʊˌtɛsts. rɛd mɔr ˈrɪʧərd ˈpɛˌti hu ˈrɪʧərd ˈpɛˌti toʊld ðə ˌeɪˈpi ðət ˈɛniˌwən hu rɪfˈjuzɪz tɪ stænd fər ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm ʃʊd bi fɔrst tɪ liv ðə ˈkəntri. ðət stænd əp fər ðə ˈænθəm ˈɔtə bi aʊt əv ðə ˈkəntri. ˈpɪriəd. wət gɑt wɛr æt? ðə juˈnaɪtɪd states,”*,” ˈpɛˌti sɛd. ðoʊz ˈsɛnəmənts wər ˈɛkoʊd baɪ əˈnəðər ˈoʊnər, ˈrɪʧərd ˈʧɪldrɪs, hu sɛd ˈɛni ˈproʊˌtɛsts frəm hɪz tim ˈmɛmbərz wʊd ju ə raɪd ɔn ə ˈgreɪˌhaʊnd bus.”*.” ðət wərks fər mi ʃʊd rɪˈspɛkt ðə ˈkəntri wi lɪv ɪn. soʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl geɪv ðɛr lɪvz fər ɪt. ðɪs ɪz america,”*,” ˈʧɪldrɪs sɛd əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈjɑˌhu spɔrts. rɛd mɔr: ˈræpər ʤeɪ zi ˈrumərd tɪ hæv rɪˈbəft ˈsupər boʊl ˈhæfˌtaɪm ʃoʊ rɪkˈwɛst ɪn ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti stænd ˈoʊnər ˈændi ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈdɛmd ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstərz bət tʊk ə mɔr kənˈsɪˌliəˌtɔri stæns. wɪn æst wət hi wʊd du wɪθ ən ɪmˈplɔɪi hu teɪks ə ni, toʊld espn*: "aɪ wʊd sɪt daʊn wɪθ ðɛm ənd seɪ ɪts ðə rɔŋ θɪŋ tɪ du ðət ənd ˈmɛni ˈpipəl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, vju ɪt ɛz ən əˈfrənt tɪ ɑr greɪt country.”*.” ðɛr ɪz dɪsɪnˈʧæntmənt təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ər ə fju bæd lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈɔfɪsərz, doʊnt hæv ɪt krɔs ˈoʊvər tɪ ɔl ðət ɪz stɪl gʊd ənd raɪt əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈkəntri." ðɛr wɑz wən ˈnoʊtəbəl ɪkˈsɛpʃən tɪ ðə hiˈʤɛməni, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪθ ˈdraɪvər ənd tim ˈoʊnər deɪl ˈərnˌhɑrt ˈbækɪŋ ðə raɪt əv ɔl əˈmɛrɪkənz tɪ ˈpisfəl ˈproʊˌtɛst, baɪ kˈwoʊtɪŋ ˌʤeɪˌɛfˈkeɪ ɔn tˈwɪtər. ɔl əˈmɛrɪkənz ɑr ˈgrænɪd raɪts 2 ˈpisfəl ˈproʊˌtɛsts ðoʊz hu meɪk ˈpisfəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl wɪl meɪk ˈvaɪələnt ˌrɛvəˈluʃən deɪl ˈərnˌhɑrt. (@dalejr*) sɛpˈtɛmbər 25 2017 trəmp hɪz əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən fər ðə stæns əv moʊst ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ˈnæˌskɑr ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, seɪɪŋ proud”*” əv ðə ˈspɔrtɪŋ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ənd ɪts fænz. soʊ praʊd əv ˈnæˌskɑr ənd ɪts səˈpɔrtərz ənd fænz. ðeɪ woʊnt pʊt əp wɪθ ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛktɪŋ ɑr ˈkəntri ər ɑr flæg ðeɪ sɛd ɪt laʊd ənd klɪr! ˈdɑnəld ʤeɪ. trəmp (@realdonaldtrump*) sɛpˈtɛmbər 25 2017 stæns wɑz ˈnɛvər fɑr frəm ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsəmər ɔf ˈsizən. ˈhævɪŋ ˈpɑrtɪd weɪz frəm ðə, hi wɑz nɑt ˈɔfərd ə roʊl baɪ ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈfrænˌʧaɪz wɪθ ˈmɛni bɪˈlivɪŋ hɪz ə knee’*’ ˈproʊˌtɛst meɪd ɪm ən ˌəndɪˈzaɪrəbəl rɪˈkrut fər timz. pleɪərz, ˈkoʊʧɪz ənd ˈoʊnərz keɪm təˈgɛðər tɪ ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs ˈjunɪti əˈkrɔs ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl. hir frəm ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈnɛtˌwərk (@nflnetwork*) sɛpˈtɛmbər 25 2017 trəmp, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hæd noʊ ˈsɪmpəθi fər ɪm ər ˈɛniˌwən ɛls ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈproʊˌtɛst. ju ləv tɪ si wən əv ðiz ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈoʊnərz, wɪn ˈsəmˌbɑdi ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛkts ɑr flæg, tɪ seɪ, ðət sən əv ə bɪʧ ɔf ðə fild raɪt naʊ. aʊt! faɪərd. fired!’”*!’” hi sɛd æt ə ˈræli fər rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈsɛnətər ˈluθər streɪnʤ ɪn ˌæləˈbæmə. noʊ, səm ˈoʊnər ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ du ðət. goʊɪŋ tɪ seɪ, gaɪ ðət ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛkts ɑr flæg, fired.’*.’ ənd ðət ˈoʊnər, ðeɪ noʊ ɪt [bət] bi ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˈpərsən ɪn ðɪs country.”*.” rɛd mɔr: 'gɪt ðət sən əv ə bɪʧ ɔf ðə field’*’: trəmp teɪks eɪm æt ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈænθəm ˈproʊˌtɛstərz (ˈvɪdioʊz) ðoʊz ˈkɑmɛnts spɑrkt rɪˈbətəlz frəm ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl kəˈmɪʃənər ˈrɑʤər ˈgʊdɛl ənd ˈnumərəs tim ˈoʊnərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈoʊnər əv ðə nu ˈɪŋglənd ˈpeɪtriəts ˈrɑbərt kræft, hu trəmp həz rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz ə ‘‘friend’*’. ðə ˈproʊˌtɛsts riʧt ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ˈlɛvəlz wɪn sleɪt əv geɪmz roʊld əraʊnd. ˈdəzənz əv pleɪərz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈænθəm waɪl ˈsɛvərəl timz ɪˈlɛktɪd tɪ steɪ ɪn ðɛr ˈlɑkər rumz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈænθəm tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi. ɛz ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈænθəm ˈproʊˌtɛsts ənˈfoʊldəd, trəmp rɪˈspɑndɪd baɪ ðət fænz ˈnɛvər condone”*” ðə pleɪərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. spɔrts fænz ʃʊd ˈnɛvər kənˈdoʊn pleɪərz ðət du nɑt stænd praʊd fər ðɛr ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm ər ðɛr ˈkəntri. ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ʃʊd ʧeɪnʤ ˈpɑləsi! ˈdɑnəld ʤeɪ. trəmp (@realdonaldtrump*) sɛpˈtɛmbər 24 2017 ðə ˈproʊˌtɛst ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈsivd səˈpɔrt ɪn ˈmeɪʤər lig ˈbeɪsˈbɔl wɛr ˈoʊklənd æθˈlɛtɪks ˈkæˌʧər brus ˈmæksˌwɛl bɪˈkeɪm ðə fərst pleɪər ɪn ðə lig tɪ teɪk pɑrt ɪn ðə ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃən. ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈbæskətˌbɔl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈkərəntli ɔn ɪts bət ˈsɛvərəl əv ðə stɑrz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈlɛbrən ʤeɪmz, hæv ˈstrɔŋli ɪkˈsprɛst səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈproʊˌtɛsts. |
a lot of the features i had in on my last phone are automatic now. the dictionary is most noticeable. since i can't program the words anymore, has become a nightmare. often, the phone persistently changes words that are jargon, and is really difficult to get used to. the keyboard also changed, which makes no sense. it's a classic case of it engineers lacking basic understanding of the human counterpart. i thought buying another galaxy would get me a new improved version. i was wrong. it's a new, completely different phone. pros: faster processing, improved reception, better functionality overall from a hardware perspective. this is coming from the, so i'm not really surprised. i liked that phone a lot though. of all of the galaxies i've had, that one was the best. it just got old, and compatibility was becoming an issue. i also like bixby. i haven't used it much yet, but it's pretty cool. i hope samsung gets it running properly, instead of abandoning it like most new ideas. cons; i can't get a lot of the functions to work the way i like. it's like samsung feels that they know what's best, and i should learn to trust their wisdom. it's annoying. my phone is supposed to be convenient for me. i expect to use it my way. my old phone allowed me to make it work the way i like. this one doesn't. maybe i just haven't found the adjustments yet, but you'd think they'd be similar. the lock screen is really annoying. i have to go through three screens to get in. there's cooler on it, but so what? is it really more secure? is it more convenient? i don't think so. it's nice having the clock on the screen when it's not in use if you want, but it is a hassle. the home button is gone. now, there's a feedback pressure sensor with no other use. i suppose that makes it easier to waterproof, but there have always been cases that solve that problem. now the phone wouldn't work properly with a watertight case. i guess that's just adjusting, but i feel better having an actual button. the phone seems like it was designed strictly for people who enjoy flaunting the newest technology, not people like me who want the absolute best functionality. if i was in charge of samsung, i'd have a version intended for people like me. only tested, reliable functions. let someone else field test the latest ideas. i want my tech to work the first time, every time. other people like the newest prototypes. this phone is good for them. summary: if you want the newest features, and don't really depend on your phone, this is a really hip phone to get. if you can't do without your phone working perfectly, you would probably be frustrated by this one. it's fine, overall, but by not being able to adjust functions to fine tune them, this phone forces you to give too much attention to tasks you just want to finish, and get on with your day. honestly, this phone is making me nostalgic for the days when we all used landlines.
read more | ə lɔt əv ðə ˈfiʧərz aɪ hæd ɪn ɔn maɪ læst foʊn ər ˌɔtəˈmætɪk naʊ. ðə ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛri ɪz moʊst ˈnoʊtəsəbəl. sɪns aɪ kænt ˈproʊˌgræm ðə wərdz ˌɛniˈmɔr, həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈnaɪtˌmɛr. ˈɔfən, ðə foʊn pərˈsɪstəntli ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wərdz ðət ər ˈʤɑrgən, ənd ɪz ˈrɪli ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ gɪt juzd tɪ. ðə ˈkiˌbɔrd ˈɔlsoʊ ʧeɪnʤd, wɪʧ meɪks noʊ sɛns. ɪts ə ˈklæsɪk keɪs əv ɪt ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ˈlækɪŋ ˈbeɪsɪk ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə ˈjumən ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt. aɪ θɔt baɪɪŋ əˈnəðər ˈgæləksi wʊd gɪt mi ə nu ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈvərʒən. aɪ wɑz rɔŋ. ɪts ə nu, kəmˈplitli ˈdɪfərənt foʊn. proʊz: ˈfæstər ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ, ˌɪmˈpruvd rɪˈsɛpʃən, ˈbɛtər ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ˈoʊvərˌɔl frəm ə ˈhɑrdˌwɛr pərˈspɛktɪv. ðɪs ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ðə soʊ əm nɑt ˈrɪli səˈpraɪzd. aɪ laɪkt ðət foʊn ə lɔt ðoʊ. əv ɔl əv ðə ˈgæləksiz aɪv hæd, ðət wən wɑz ðə bɛst. ɪt ʤɪst gɑt oʊld, ənd kəmˌpætəˈbɪləˌti wɑz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ən ˈɪʃu. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ laɪk ˈbɪksbi. aɪ ˈhævənt juzd ɪt məʧ jɛt, bət ɪts ˈprɪti kul. aɪ hoʊp ˈsæmˌsəŋ gɪts ɪt ˈrənɪŋ ˈprɑpərli, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv əˈbændənɪŋ ɪt laɪk moʊst nu aɪˈdiəz. kɑnz; aɪ kænt gɪt ə lɔt əv ðə ˈfəŋkʃənz tɪ wərk ðə weɪ aɪ laɪk. ɪts laɪk ˈsæmˌsəŋ filz ðət ðeɪ noʊ wəts bɛst, ənd aɪ ʃʊd lərn tɪ trəst ðɛr ˈwɪzdəm. ɪts əˈnɔɪɪŋ. maɪ foʊn ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi kənˈvinjənt fər mi. aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ juz ɪt maɪ weɪ. maɪ oʊld foʊn əˈlaʊd mi tɪ meɪk ɪt wərk ðə weɪ aɪ laɪk. ðɪs wən ˈdəzənt. ˈmeɪbi aɪ ʤɪst ˈhævənt faʊnd ðə əˈʤəstmənts jɛt, bət jʊd θɪŋk ðeɪd bi ˈsɪmələr. ðə lɑk skrin ɪz ˈrɪli əˈnɔɪɪŋ. aɪ hæv tɪ goʊ θru θri skrinz tɪ gɪt ɪn. ðɛrz ˈkulər ɔn ɪt, bət soʊ wət? ɪz ɪt ˈrɪli mɔr sɪˈkjʊr? ɪz ɪt mɔr kənˈvinjənt? aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk soʊ. ɪts nis ˈhævɪŋ ðə klɑk ɔn ðə skrin wɪn ɪts nɑt ɪn juz ɪf ju wɔnt, bət ɪt ɪz ə ˈhæsəl. ðə hoʊm ˈbətən ɪz gɔn. naʊ, ðɛrz ə ˈfidˌbæk ˈprɛʃər ˈsɛnsər wɪθ noʊ ˈəðər juz. aɪ səˈpoʊz ðət meɪks ɪt ˈiziər tɪ ˈwɔtərˌpruf, bət ðɛr hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ˈkeɪsɪz ðət sɑlv ðət ˈprɑbləm. naʊ ðə foʊn ˈwʊdənt wərk ˈprɑpərli wɪθ ə ˈwɔtərˌtaɪt keɪs. aɪ gɛs ðæts ʤɪst əˈʤəstɪŋ, bət aɪ fil ˈbɛtər ˈhævɪŋ ən ˈækʧəwəl ˈbətən. ðə foʊn simz laɪk ɪt wɑz dɪˈzaɪnd ˈstrɪktli fər ˈpipəl hu ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˈflɔntɪŋ ðə nuəst tɛkˈnɑləʤi, nɑt ˈpipəl laɪk mi hu wɔnt ðə ˈæbsəˌlut bɛst ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti. ɪf aɪ wɑz ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ˈsæmˌsəŋ, aɪd hæv ə ˈvərʒən ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd fər ˈpipəl laɪk mi. ˈoʊnli ˈtɛstɪd, rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈfəŋkʃənz. lɛt ˈsəmˌwən ɛls fild tɛst ðə ˈleɪtəst aɪˈdiəz. aɪ wɔnt maɪ tɛk tɪ wərk ðə fərst taɪm, ˈɛvəri taɪm. ˈəðər ˈpipəl laɪk ðə nuəst ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪps. ðɪs foʊn ɪz gʊd fər ðɛm. ˈsəməri: ɪf ju wɔnt ðə nuəst ˈfiʧərz, ənd doʊnt ˈrɪli dɪˈpɛnd ɔn jʊr foʊn, ðɪs ɪz ə ˈrɪli hɪp foʊn tɪ gɪt. ɪf ju kænt du wɪˈθaʊt jʊr foʊn ˈwərkɪŋ ˈpərfəktli, ju wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli bi ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd baɪ ðɪs wən. ɪts faɪn, ˈoʊvərˌɔl, bət baɪ nɑt biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈʤəst ˈfəŋkʃənz tɪ faɪn tun ðɛm, ðɪs foʊn ˈfɔrsɪz ju tɪ gɪv tu məʧ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ tæsks ju ʤɪst wɔnt tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ, ənd gɪt ɔn wɪθ jʊr deɪ. ˈɑnəstli, ðɪs foʊn ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ mi nɔˈstælʤɪk fər ðə deɪz wɪn wi ɔl juzd landlines*. rɛd mɔr |
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story highlights carl: presidential candidates afraid to talk of impact of climate change
sandy may be first storm that could change an ongoing presidential campaign, he says
federal flood insurance enables development in environmentally threatened areas, he says
safina: we've had warnings before, but haven't acted to deal with rising sea level
in three debates by the presidential candidates and one by the vice-presidential hopefuls, no one could bring himself to utter the words "climate change."
hurricane sandy said what all four white house contenders were afraid to say.
i've heard that some voters are undecided. watching the debates, i became undecided over what's worse: republicans, who not only don't acknowledge reality, but who genuinely seem not to believe reality. or democrats, cowed into silence on issues of enormous importance like climate change and its solution: clean renewable energy.
sandy said things no candidate in america could voice without blowing away their own political career. she said: "enough! wake up. take a reality check. and if you don't get it, it will get you; then you'll get it."
carl
now, we got it.
sandy is probably the first storm to change an ongoing presidential campaign . katrina changed the shape of a campaign to come, contributing significantly to george w. bush's unpopularity and tarnishing his legacy ("heckuva job, brownie") with lingering images of.
but requires, one might say, quite a lot of preparation. we build in places prone to flooding. we do that largely because subsidies encourage it. federal flood insurance is a way the entire country subsidizes building and rebuilding in places destined for repeated hits.
we rely on overhead lines to bring electricity, lines vulnerable to falling trees. and when they fall, we put them right back. underground lines are more expensive. but if you have to keep repairing the overhead lines...
we've created coastal communities; we set 'em up and the weather takes 'em down. i live in one. i'm guilty. in my defense, i'll claim entrapment, because i have federal flood insurance. you made me do it. so i just want to take this opportunity to thank you. but i'd like to also tell you, it's ok with me if you withdraw your generosity. in fact it would be better if you did. you help make us lazy. and by us, i mean millions of people living along the coast, whistling in the dark. and you help our politicians look away from the oncoming truth.
sea levels are rising. they've been rising since the last ice age and that rise has been accelerating since the industrial revolution. we've had fair and continual and increasing warning. and yet, small coastal communities and cities as large as new york have done essentially nothing to prepare.
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over decades, we filled many wetlands that are the natural buffers to floods. shrinking the area of our wetlands has left adjacent areas more prone to flooding.
as the world continues warming, the warming tends to intensify storms. new york has been hit with two hurricanes in two years. that's unusual. and since at least katrina, scientists have warned that hurricanes take their strength from the heat of the ocean's surface.
hurricane being an given new york mayor michael bloomberg the political cover to simply repeat what sandy herself has so loudly said: "global warming." now connecticut gov. malloy is joining in, too, telling npr's "science friday" host ira on november 2 that, "i've been talking about global warming for years."
but was sandy just a hurricane, or an angrier child spawned of unusually warm ocean waters? in one sense, it doesn't quite matter. david roberts cast it colorfully in his grist column , saying, "when the public asks, 'did climate change cause this?' they are asking a confused question. it's like asking, 'did steroids cause the home run barry bonds hit on may 12, 2006?' there's no way to know whether bonds would have hit the home run without steroids. but who cares? steroids mean more home runs. that's what matters."
these questions remain: will the storms that come our way get stronger, more damaging? will we experience more frequent damage from storms?
we'd better prepare ourselves for the answers to be yes. that's because, even if the answer is no, this storm, like last year's, exposed the northeast's soft underbelly and our recklessly erected vulnerability.
the world is warming. warming intensifies storms. warming raises sea levels. you tell me what we can expect.
so, was the storm caused by global warming? soon we'll have a more interesting question: was the outcome of the presidential election caused by global warming? did global warming affect the course of human events enough to make a difference in what we say, in what we think, in how we free our politicians to decide what they can do next? | ˈstɔri ˈhaɪˌlaɪts kɑrl: ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪts əˈfreɪd tɪ tɔk əv ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ˈsændi meɪ bi fərst stɔrm ðət kʊd ʧeɪnʤ ən ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn, hi sɪz ˈfɛdərəl fləd ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ɪˈneɪbəlz dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəli θˈrɛtənd ˈɛriəz, hi sɪz: wiv hæd ˈwɔrnɪŋz ˌbiˈfɔr, bət ˈhævənt ˈæktɪd tɪ dil wɪθ ˈraɪzɪŋ si ˈlɛvəl ɪn θri dəˈbeɪts baɪ ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪts ənd wən baɪ ðə ˈvaɪˌsprɛzəˈdɛnʃəl ˈhoʊpfəlz, noʊ wən kʊd brɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ ˈətər ðə wərdz "ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ." ˈhərəˌkeɪnz ˈsændi sɛd wət ɔl fɔr waɪt haʊs kənˈtɛndərz wər əˈfreɪd tɪ seɪ. aɪv hərd ðət səm ˈvoʊtərz ər ˌəndɪˈsaɪdɪd. ˈwɑʧɪŋ ðə dəˈbeɪts, aɪ bɪˈkeɪm ˌəndɪˈsaɪdɪd ˈoʊvər wəts wərs: rɪˈpəblɪkənz, hu nɑt ˈoʊnli doʊnt ækˈnɑlɪʤ ˌriˈæləˌti, bət hu ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪnli sim nɑt tɪ bɪˈliv ˌriˈæləˌti. ər ˈdɛməˌkræts, kaʊd ˈɪntu ˈsaɪləns ɔn ˈɪʃuz əv ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns laɪk ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ənd ɪts səˈluʃən: klin riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi. ˈsændi sɛd θɪŋz noʊ ˈkænədɪt ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə kʊd vɔɪs wɪˈθaʊt bloʊɪŋ əˈweɪ ðɛr oʊn pəˈlɪtɪkəl kərɪr. ʃi sɛd: "ɪˈnəf! weɪk əp. teɪk ə ˌriˈæləˌti ʧɛk. ənd ɪf ju doʊnt gɪt ɪt, ɪt wɪl gɪt ju; ðɛn jul gɪt ɪt." kɑrl naʊ, wi gɑt ɪt. ˈsændi ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə fərst stɔrm tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ən ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn kəˈtrinə ʧeɪnʤd ðə ʃeɪp əv ə kæmˈpeɪn tɪ kəm, kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli tɪ ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. ˈbʊʃɪz ənˌpɑpjəˈlɛrɪti ənd ˈtɑrnɪʃɪŋ hɪz ˈlɛgəsi ("ˈhɛkəvə ʤɑb, ˈbraʊni") wɪθ ˈlɪŋgərɪŋ ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv. bət rikˈwaɪərz, wən maɪt seɪ, kwaɪt ə lɔt əv ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən. wi bɪld ɪn ˈpleɪsɪz proʊn tɪ ˈflədɪŋ. wi du ðət ˈlɑrʤli bɪˈkəz ˈsəbsɪdiz ɪnˈkərəʤ ɪt. ˈfɛdərəl fləd ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ɪz ə weɪ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈkəntri ˈsəbsɪˌdaɪzɪz ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd riˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ˈpleɪsɪz ˈdɛstɪnd fər rɪˈpitɪd hɪts. wi rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ˈoʊvərˈhɛd laɪnz tɪ brɪŋ ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti, laɪnz ˈvəlnərəbəl tɪ ˈfɑlɪŋ triz. ənd wɪn ðeɪ fɔl, wi pʊt ðɛm raɪt bæk. ˈəndərˌgraʊnd laɪnz ər mɔr ɪkˈspɛnsɪv. bət ɪf ju hæv tɪ kip rɪˈpɛrɪŋ ðə ˈoʊvərˈhɛd laɪnz... wiv kriˈeɪtɪd ˈkoʊstəl kəmˈjunɪtiz; wi sɛt 'ɛm əp ənd ðə ˈwɛðər teɪks 'ɛm daʊn. aɪ lɪv ɪn wən. əm ˈgɪlti. ɪn maɪ dɪˈfɛns, aɪl kleɪm ɪnˈtræpmənt, bɪˈkəz aɪ hæv ˈfɛdərəl fləd ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns. ju meɪd mi du ɪt. soʊ aɪ ʤɪst wɔnt tɪ teɪk ðɪs ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ θæŋk ju. bət aɪd laɪk tɪ ˈɔlsoʊ tɛl ju, ɪts ˈoʊˈkeɪ wɪθ mi ɪf ju wɪθˈdrɔ jʊr ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti. ɪn fækt ɪt wʊd bi ˈbɛtər ɪf ju dɪd. ju hɛlp meɪk ˈjuˈɛs ˈleɪzi. ənd baɪ ˈjuˈɛs, aɪ min ˈmɪljənz əv ˈpipəl ˈlɪvɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ðə koʊst, ˈwɪslɪŋ ɪn ðə dɑrk. ənd ju hɛlp ɑr ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz lʊk əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈɔnˌkəmɪŋ truθ. si ˈlɛvəlz ər ˈraɪzɪŋ. ðeɪv bɪn ˈraɪzɪŋ sɪns ðə læst aɪs eɪʤ ənd ðət raɪz həz bɪn ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ sɪns ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. wiv hæd fɛr ənd kənˈtɪnjuəl ənd ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈwɔrnɪŋ. ənd jɛt, smɔl ˈkoʊstəl kəmˈjunɪtiz ənd ˈsɪtiz ɛz lɑrʤ ɛz nu jɔrk hæv dən ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ priˈpɛr. ʤɪst wɔʧt ʃɛr ðɛr ˈfoʊˌtoʊz wɪθ ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn riˈpleɪ mɔr ˈvɪdioʊz məst wɔʧ ʃɛr ðɛr ˈfoʊˌtoʊz wɪθ ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ʤɪst wɔʧt ˈɑbstəkəlz ənd ˈʧælənʤɪz ˈæftər ˈsændi riˈpleɪ mɔr ˈvɪdioʊz məst wɔʧ ˈɑbstəkəlz ənd ˈʧælənʤɪz ˈæftər ˈsændi ʤɪst wɔʧt mɑm kænt gɪt hɛlp; tu sənz daɪ riˈpleɪ mɔr ˈvɪdioʊz məst wɔʧ mɑm kænt gɪt hɛlp; tu sənz daɪ ʤɪst wɔʧt meɪər: ˈmɛrəˌθɑn woʊnt hərt rɪˈkəvəri riˈpleɪ mɔr ˈvɪdioʊz məst wɔʧ meɪər: ˈmɛrəˌθɑn woʊnt hərt rɪˈkəvəri ʤɪst wɔʧt sərʧ fər gæs gɪts mɔr ˈdɛspərɪt riˈpleɪ mɔr ˈvɪdioʊz məst wɔʧ sərʧ fər gæs gɪts mɔr ˈdɛspərɪt ˈoʊvər ˈdɛkeɪdz, wi fɪld ˈmɛni ˈwɛˌtlændz ðət ər ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈbəfərz tɪ flədz. ʃˈrɪŋkɪŋ ðə ˈɛriə əv ɑr ˈwɛˌtlændz həz lɛft əˈʤeɪsənt ˈɛriəz mɔr proʊn tɪ ˈflədɪŋ. ɛz ðə wərld kənˈtɪnjuz ˈwɔrmɪŋ, ðə ˈwɔrmɪŋ tɛndz tɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪ stɔrmz. nu jɔrk həz bɪn hɪt wɪθ tu ˈhərəˌkeɪnz ɪn tu jɪrz. ðæts ənˈjuˌʒuəl. ənd sɪns æt list kəˈtrinə, ˈsaɪəntɪsts hæv wɔrnd ðət ˈhərəˌkeɪnz teɪk ðɛr strɛŋθ frəm ðə hit əv ðə ˈoʊʃənz ˈsərfəs. ˈhərəˌkeɪnz biɪŋ ən ˈgɪvɪn nu jɔrk meɪər ˈmaɪkəl ˈblumbərg ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkəvər tɪ ˈsɪmpli rɪˈpit wət ˈsændi hərˈsɛlf həz soʊ ˈlaʊdli sɛd: "ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ." naʊ kəˈnɛtəkət gəv. məˈlɔɪ ɪz ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ɪn, tu, ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈɛnˈpiˈɑrz "saɪəns ˈfraɪˌdeɪ" hoʊst ˌaɪˌɑˈreɪ ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 2 ðət, "aɪv bɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ fər jɪrz." bət wɑz ˈsændi ʤɪst ə ˈhərəˌkeɪnz, ər ən ˈæŋgriər ʧaɪld spɔnd əv ənˈjuˌʒuəli wɔrm ˈoʊʃən ˈwɔtərz? ɪn wən sɛns, ɪt ˈdəzənt kwaɪt ˈmætər. ˈdeɪvɪd ˈrɑbərts kæst ɪt ˈkələrfli ɪn hɪz grɪst ˈkɑləm seɪɪŋ, "wɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk æsks, 'dɪd ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ kɔz ðɪs?' ðeɪ ər ˈæskɪŋ ə kənfˈjuzd kˈwɛʃən. ɪts laɪk ˈæskɪŋ, 'dɪd ˈstɛrɔɪdz kɔz ðə hoʊm rən ˈbɛri bɑndz hɪt ɔn meɪ 12 2006 ðɛrz noʊ weɪ tɪ noʊ ˈwɛðər bɑndz wʊd hæv hɪt ðə hoʊm rən wɪˈθaʊt ˈstɛrɔɪdz. bət hu kɛrz? ˈstɛrɔɪdz min mɔr hoʊm rənz. ðæts wət ˈmætərz." ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz rɪˈmeɪn: wɪl ðə stɔrmz ðət kəm ɑr weɪ gɪt ˈstrɔŋgər, mɔr ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ? wɪl wi ɪkˈspɪriəns mɔr ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈdæmɪʤ frəm stɔrmz? wid ˈbɛtər priˈpɛr ɑrˈsɛlvz fər ðə ˈænsərz tɪ bi jɛs. ðæts bɪˈkəz, ˈivɪn ɪf ðə ˈænsər ɪz noʊ, ðɪs stɔrm, laɪk læst jɪrz, ɪkˈspoʊzd ðə ˌnɔrˈθists sɔft ˈəndərˌbɛli ənd ɑr ˈrɛkləsli ɪˈrɛktɪd ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪti. ðə wərld ɪz ˈwɔrmɪŋ. ˈwɔrmɪŋ ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪz stɔrmz. ˈwɔrmɪŋ ˈreɪzɪz si ˈlɛvəlz. ju tɛl mi wət wi kən ɪkˈspɛkt. soʊ, wɑz ðə stɔrm kɔzd baɪ ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ? sun wɪl hæv ə mɔr ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ kˈwɛʃən: wɑz ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən kɔzd baɪ ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ? dɪd ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ əˈfɛkt ðə kɔrs əv ˈjumən ɪˈvɛnts ɪˈnəf tɪ meɪk ə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn wət wi seɪ, ɪn wət wi θɪŋk, ɪn haʊ wi fri ɑr ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd wət ðeɪ kən du nɛkst? |
realizing the importance of the increasing market share which the iphone platform currently posses, microsoft today has released app for iphone and ipod touch. this is the fourth app which has come out of microsoft for the platform, the other three being bing for iphone, mobile, and microsoft tag.
microsoft mobile is the easy-to-use, powerful application for all of your ideas, brought to you by microsoft office. mobile lets you create and view notes and lists whenever you need them. sync your notes with free windows live online storage and access them from virtually anywhere using your phone, pc, or almost any web browser. with mobile, you can:
▪ create flexible notes that can include text, pictures, bullets, and
▪ check to do items off on the go
▪ save time with quick access to your most recent notes
▪ work with mobile automatically your notes with windows live in the background
▪ organize your notes into sections or create new notebooks using 2010 or web app and access them from your iphone requirements:
▪ iphone or ipod touch must have ios or higher
▪ a free windows live id is required to use mobile —use an existing one or let mobile help you sign up
▪ web functionality uses the free web app available on windows live, which requires a supported web browser
▪ mobile opens notebooks created in microsoft 2010 or the web app
▪ customizing section colors requires microsoft 2010 access your notes online at http://office.live.com.
available for free for limited time only, for iphone can be downloaded from the itunes app store link given below.
download for iphone
check out our iphone apps gallery and ipad apps gallery to explore more apps for your iphone, ipad and ipod touch.
you can follow us on twitter or join our facebook to keep yourself updated on all the latest from microsoft, google and apple.
related stories | ˈriəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪt ʃɛr wɪʧ ðə ˈaɪˌfoʊn ˈplætˌfɔrm ˈkərəntli ˈpɑsiz, ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft təˈdeɪ həz riˈlist æp fər ˈaɪˌfoʊn ənd ˈaɪˌpɔd təʧ. ðɪs ɪz ðə fɔrθ æp wɪʧ həz kəm aʊt əv ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft fər ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm, ðə ˈəðər θri biɪŋ bɪŋ fər ˈaɪˌfoʊn, ˈmoʊbəl, ənd ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft tæg. ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈmoʊbəl ɪz ðə easy-to-use*, ˈpaʊərfəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən fər ɔl əv jʊr aɪˈdiəz, brɔt tɪ ju baɪ ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈɔfəs. ˈmoʊbəl lɛts ju kriˈeɪt ənd vju noʊts ənd lɪsts wɛˈnɛvər ju nid ðɛm. sɪŋk jʊr noʊts wɪθ fri ˈwɪndoʊz lɪv ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈstɔrɪʤ ənd ˈækˌsɛs ðɛm frəm ˈvərʧuəli ˈɛniˌwɛr ˈjuzɪŋ jʊr foʊn, ˈpiˈsi, ər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛni wɛb ˈbraʊzər. wɪθ ˈmoʊbəl, ju kən: kriˈeɪt ˈflɛksəbəl noʊts ðət kən ˌɪnˈklud tɛkst, ˈpɪkʧərz, ˈbʊləts, ənd ʧɛk tɪ du ˈaɪtəmz ɔf ɔn ðə goʊ seɪv taɪm wɪθ kwɪk ˈækˌsɛs tɪ jʊr moʊst ˈrisənt noʊts wərk wɪθ ˈmoʊbəl ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli jʊr noʊts wɪθ ˈwɪndoʊz lɪv ɪn ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz jʊr noʊts ˈɪntu ˈsɛkʃənz ər kriˈeɪt nu ˈnoʊtˌbʊks ˈjuzɪŋ 2010 ər wɛb æp ənd ˈækˌsɛs ðɛm frəm jʊr ˈaɪˌfoʊn rɪkˈwaɪrmənts: ˈaɪˌfoʊn ər ˈaɪˌpɔd təʧ məst hæv ˈioʊs ər haɪər ə fri ˈwɪndoʊz lɪv ˈaɪˈdi ɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ juz ˈmoʊbəl ən ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ wən ər lɛt ˈmoʊbəl hɛlp ju saɪn əp wɛb ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ˈjuzɪz ðə fri wɛb æp əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ˈwɪndoʊz lɪv, wɪʧ rikˈwaɪərz ə səˈpɔrtɪd wɛb ˈbraʊzər ˈmoʊbəl ˈoʊpənz ˈnoʊtˌbʊks kriˈeɪtɪd ɪn ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft 2010 ər ðə wɛb æp ˈkəstəˌmaɪzɪŋ ˈsɛkʃən ˈkələrz rikˈwaɪərz ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft 2010 ˈækˌsɛs jʊr noʊts ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt http://office.live.com*. əˈveɪləbəl fər fri fər ˈlɪmɪtɪd taɪm ˈoʊnli, fər ˈaɪˌfoʊn kən bi ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪd frəm ðə ˈaɪˌtunz æp stɔr lɪŋk ˈgɪvɪn bɪˈloʊ. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd fər ˈaɪˌfoʊn ʧɛk aʊt ɑr ˈaɪˌfoʊn æps ˈgæləri ənd ˈaɪˌpæd æps ˈgæləri tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr mɔr æps fər jʊr ˈaɪˌfoʊn, ˈaɪˌpæd ənd ˈaɪˌpɔd təʧ. ju kən ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn tˈwɪtər ər ʤɔɪn ɑr ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tɪ kip ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ɔn ɔl ðə ˈleɪtəst frəm ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft, ˈgugəl ənd ˈæpəl. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈstɔriz |
waukegan will squeeze in one more beach season before temporarily shutting down the main access route after the city council voted monday night to approve a $7.3 million contract to rebuild the grand avenue bridge east of sheridan road.
the nearly bridge, which spans the union pacific railroad tracks and leads to waukegan harbor via pershing road, has been targeted for an overhaul since at least 2012, when it was rated in poor condition by the u.s. department of transportation.
in august 2014, the city signed off on a $6.2 million plan to rebuild the bridge in a project that would have started last fall and neared completion this spring, but public works director tom hagerty said the plan ended up being by the illinois department of transportation, which is overseeing the project.
the new contract with f.h. paschen & s.n. nielson and associates includes a $1.8 million contribution from the city, which will be drawn out of motor fuel tax funds over the next two fiscal years. the scuttled 2014 contract had the city paying $1.43 million, with the remainder of the overall funding coming from the federal surface transportation and bridge replacement program.
now that the city has signed off on its end of the deal, hagerty said work will begin at the end of summer.
"we're going to shut it down sometime in september and it should be open and substantially completed by next june 1 and completed by july 1," hagerty said after the council voted unanimously to concur with the contract. "there's not an exact time yet. it will be sometime in september, but it will be after labor day. we're certainly not going to close it before labor day."
also known locally as the bridge, the deck is the most direct route from the downtown area to both the harbor and municipal beach. during its closure, traffic to the lakefront will come from belvidere road on the south and greenwood avenue on the north, both of which link to pershing.
dan moran, lake county the grand avenue bridge across the union pacific railroad tracks in waukegan will be closed this fall for a $7.3 million, reconstruction project. the grand avenue bridge across the union pacific railroad tracks in waukegan will be closed this fall for a $7.3 million, reconstruction project. (dan moran, lake county)
hagerty said the scheduled work will create "a completely new entrance to the lakefront."
"it's taking out all the concrete, it's taking out all the steel, repairing the vertical columns, new steel, new concrete, new lights, new (pedestrian) path, new roadway," he said, adding that the scope of the project covers "the portion that's over the railroad as well as pershing road from the north side of grand avenue to clayton street," but not the portion of grand that crosses the amstutz expressway.
danmoran@tribpub.com
twitter | wɔˈkigən wɪl skwiz ɪn wən mɔr biʧ ˈsizən ˌbiˈfɔr ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli ˈʃətɪŋ daʊn ðə meɪn ˈækˌsɛs rut ˈæftər ðə ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsəl ˈvoʊtɪd ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt tɪ əˈpruv ə ˈmɪljən ˈkɑnˌtrækt tɪ riˈbɪld ðə grænd ˈævəˌnu brɪʤ ist əv ˈʃɛrɪdən roʊd. ðə ˈnɪrli brɪʤ, wɪʧ spænz ðə ˈjunjən pəˈsɪfɪk ˈreɪˌlroʊd træks ənd lidz tɪ wɔˈkigən ˈhɑrbər ˈviə ˈpərʃɪŋ roʊd, həz bɪn ˈtɑrgətɪd fər ən ˈoʊvərˌhɔl sɪns æt list 2012 wɪn ɪt wɑz ˈreɪtɪd ɪn pur kənˈdɪʃən baɪ ðə juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən. ɪn ˈɔgəst 2014 ðə ˈsɪti saɪnd ɔf ɔn ə ˈmɪljən plæn tɪ riˈbɪld ðə brɪʤ ɪn ə ˈprɑʤɛkt ðət wʊd hæv ˈstɑrtɪd læst fɔl ənd nɪrd kəmˈpliʃən ðɪs spərɪŋ, bət ˈpəblɪk wərks dɪˈrɛktər tɑm ˈhæʤərti sɛd ðə plæn ˈɛndɪd əp biɪŋ baɪ ðə ˌɪləˈnɔɪz dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən, wɪʧ ɪz ˈoʊvərˌsiɪŋ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. ðə nu ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ f.h*. ˈpæʃən s.n*. ˈnilsən ənd əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts ˌɪnˈkludz ə ˈmɪljən ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən frəm ðə ˈsɪti, wɪʧ wɪl bi drɔn aʊt əv ˈmoʊtər fjuəl tæks fəndz ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst tu ˈfɪskəl jɪrz. ðə ˈskətəld 2014 ˈkɑnˌtrækt hæd ðə ˈsɪti peɪɪŋ ˈmɪljən, wɪθ ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈfəndɪŋ ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈsərfəs ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ənd brɪʤ rɪˈpleɪsmənt ˈproʊˌgræm. naʊ ðət ðə ˈsɪti həz saɪnd ɔf ɔn ɪts ɛnd əv ðə dil, ˈhæʤərti sɛd wərk wɪl bɪˈgɪn æt ðə ɛnd əv ˈsəmər. "wɪr goʊɪŋ tɪ ʃət ɪt daʊn ˈsəmˌtaɪm ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər ənd ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈoʊpən ənd səbˈstænʃəli kəmˈplitɪd baɪ nɛkst ʤun 1 ənd kəmˈplitɪd baɪ ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1 ˈhæʤərti sɛd ˈæftər ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ˈvoʊtɪd juˈnænəməsli tɪ kənˈkər wɪθ ðə ˈkɑnˌtrækt. "ðɛrz nɑt ən ɪgˈzækt taɪm jɛt. ɪt wɪl bi ˈsəmˌtaɪm ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, bət ɪt wɪl bi ˈæftər ˈleɪbər deɪ. wɪr ˈsərtənli nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ kloʊz ɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈleɪbər deɪ." ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ˈloʊkəli ɛz ðə brɪʤ, ðə dɛk ɪz ðə moʊst dɪˈrɛkt rut frəm ðə ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈɛriə tɪ boʊθ ðə ˈhɑrbər ənd mjuˈnɪsəpəl biʧ. ˈdʊrɪŋ ɪts ˈkloʊʒər, ˈtræfɪk tɪ ðə ˈleɪkˌfrənt wɪl kəm frəm ˈbɛlvɪˌdɪr roʊd ɔn ðə saʊθ ənd ˈgrinˌwʊd ˈævəˌnu ɔn ðə nɔrθ, boʊθ əv wɪʧ lɪŋk tɪ ˈpərʃɪŋ. dæn mɔˈræn, leɪk ˈkaʊnti ðə grænd ˈævəˌnu brɪʤ əˈkrɔs ðə ˈjunjən pəˈsɪfɪk ˈreɪˌlroʊd træks ɪn wɔˈkigən wɪl bi kloʊzd ðɪs fɔl fər ə ˈmɪljən, ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən ˈprɑʤɛkt. ðə grænd ˈævəˌnu brɪʤ əˈkrɔs ðə ˈjunjən pəˈsɪfɪk ˈreɪˌlroʊd træks ɪn wɔˈkigən wɪl bi kloʊzd ðɪs fɔl fər ə ˈmɪljən, ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən ˈprɑʤɛkt. (dæn mɔˈræn, leɪk ˈkaʊnti) ˈhæʤərti sɛd ðə ˈskɛʤʊld wərk wɪl kriˈeɪt "ə kəmˈplitli nu ˈɛntrəns tɪ ðə ˈleɪkˌfrənt." "ɪts ˈteɪkɪŋ aʊt ɔl ðə ˈkɑnkrit, ɪts ˈteɪkɪŋ aʊt ɔl ðə stil, rɪˈpɛrɪŋ ðə ˈvərtɪkəl ˈkɑləmz, nu stil, nu ˈkɑnkrit, nu laɪts, nu (pəˈdɛstriən) pæθ, nu ˈroʊdˌweɪ," hi sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət ðə skoʊp əv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈkəvərz "ðə ˈpɔrʃən ðæts ˈoʊvər ðə ˈreɪˌlroʊd ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈpərʃɪŋ roʊd frəm ðə nɔrθ saɪd əv grænd ˈævəˌnu tɪ ˈkleɪtən strit," bət nɑt ðə ˈpɔrʃən əv grænd ðət ˈkrɔsɪz ðə ˈæmstəts ɪkˈsprɛsˌweɪ. tˈwɪtər |
lgbt is an evolving abbreviation, a process that, in and of itself, isn't so remarkable. language morphs all the time, but what's happening with like nearly all things pertaining to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people, hits on struggles around issues of sexuality, identity, gender and freedom of expression.
what should people be called? members of the community have likely grown up hearing some pretty nasty words and labels. the bus ride home from high school was always hell for me. and even the words can get a little grating: homosexual, anyone?
so, now there's, which has turned toq in a growing number of circles, with the "q" standing for "queer" a controversial word given its past derogatory use "questioning." also becoming more prevalent isqia, the "i" stands for "intersex" and the "a" for "asexual" "allied."
"it's very culturally and generationally driven," said margo m. jacquot, founding director of the juniper center, a psychotherapy practice in park ridge, of the abbreviations coming to the fore.
the question is just how abbreviated should this be?
debate about this topic isn't new take a look at a 2012 posting on michael social justice for all blog, with his husband, robert, titled "what's in an acronym? parsing theqqip2saa community."
using "explicitly calls out key components of a diverse group," they wrote, adding that "as shorthand goes, it's fairly effective, recognizing the spectrum of sexual orientation and gender identity in four simple letters. of course, it can't please everyone, and like most compromises, leaves plenty of people feeling unheard."
"orange is the new black" star lea addressed this issue in a 2016 interview, saying she favored using "queer" for all of the various communities under the umbrella.
"this is the biggest issue we have in the queer community to date and will continue to be the biggest issue until we learn to accept our differences, and that's the issue," she told pridesource.com. "and part of me believes that this of calling us theqqty-whatever-lmnop tends to stress our differences. and that's why i refuse to do it. i say queer. queer is everybody."
michael said his views on labels haven't changed much since that 2012 post. they're "somewhat unwieldy," said the executive director of equalityworks, nw, a portland, company that works with other organizations on issues involving racial and gender equity, and "intersecting" identities to create what he calls "a level playing field."
what's important, added, is "for people to and for us to believe people when they do identify."
"identity is huge," said jacquot, a lesbian, when asked why these letters, these labels, are so important to people in the community.
while jacquot said some will see as a "unifying umbrella term so people who feel marginalized, usually around their sexual being, have a home," she is concerned that when people "talk about, they talk about it as one community," when in actuality, there are "very, very different communities," some of which overlap.
just how "encompassing" labels should be is explored in classes taught by gregory ward, a professor of linguistics, philosophy, and gender and sexuality studies at northwestern university in evanston.
"what can the public use successfully, and what will exclude people offensively," he said. "how do we strike that balance between maximum inclusiveness and coming up with a label that can be used without ridicule, and respect the community being referred to."
ward pointed to the "tortured history" of words used to denote african-americans over the decades. one should defer to the community itself in terms of designation, he said, but that's not the only factor in play.
"it's a shared language. we all have a say in it," ward said, noting that while there is a history of specific groups taking ownership of a designation and saying, "this is how we see ourselves," the rest of community is free to use it or not. and that poses a question on the rest of society: what word do you use?
"some people don't like that," he said. "a choice means a decision must be made."
and that choice "reflects our orientation, reflects our sympathies," said ward, who used this example: "a terrorist for you could be a freedom fighter for me. it's an extreme example, but it demonstrates how perspective plays a role."
while ward says there seems to be a "holding pattern" right now between andq in public discourse, it is also a fact that as labels evolve, so do words take on new meanings. and words once taboo are finding a redemption of sorts. take "queer," whose reputation is such that journalism offer a caution on using it outside of a quotation.
but "queer" is how identifies himself. it was, he conceded, a "slow evolution within me."
"i'm 50 years old. it was pretty harmful when i was a young child, and i've now become quite fond of it," he said. asked why, he said, "i think it's a lovely piece of resistance against the dominant discourse."
for some active in the chicagoq community, like mike oboza, june latrobe, owen and alexis mickler, more letters in the abbreviation mean greater unity, an opportunity for greater awareness and, perhaps, greater political muscle.
oboza, a park ridge resident who works as a photographer and spiritual adviser, is founder of the bisexual queer alliance chicago, which aims to "represent the b in," according to the group's facebook page. the abbreviation represents family, he said, and the family is "stronger together" even if some members aren't talked about as much as others.
"we have to educate each other. educate and not put ourselves down," he said. "though we are a family, our histories are different."
latrobe, a transgender activist who is bisexual, said being included in "that little alphabet soup" is useful because it helps counter those who might seek to splinter the larger community. | lgbt* ɪz ən ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ əˌbriviˈeɪʃən, ə ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət, ɪn ənd əv ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ˈɪzənt soʊ rɪˈmɑrkəbəl. ˈlæŋgwɪʤ mɔrfs ɔl ðə taɪm, bət wəts ˈhæpənɪŋ wɪθ laɪk ˈnɪrli ɔl θɪŋz pərˈteɪnɪŋ tɪ ˈlɛzbiən, geɪ, ˌbaɪˈsɛkʃuəl ənd ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈpipəl, hɪts ɔn ˈstrəgəlz əraʊnd ˈɪʃuz əv ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti, aɪˈdɛntəˌti, ˈʤɛndər ənd ˈfridəm əv ɪkˈsprɛʃən. wət ʃʊd ˈpipəl bi kɔld? ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti hæv ˈlaɪkli groʊn əp ˈhirɪŋ səm ˈprɪti ˈnæsti wərdz ənd ˈleɪbəlz. ðə bəs raɪd hoʊm frəm haɪ skul wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz hɛl fər mi. ənd ˈivɪn ðə wərdz kən gɪt ə ˈlɪtəl ˈgreɪtɪŋ: ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuəl, ˈɛniˌwən? soʊ, naʊ ðɛrz, wɪʧ həz tərnd tɪ ɪn ə groʊɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv ˈsərkəlz, wɪθ ðə "kju" ˈstændɪŋ fər "kwɪr" ə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl wərd ˈgɪvɪn ɪts pæst dərˈɑgəˌtɔri juz "kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ." ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈkəmɪŋ mɔr ˈprɛvələnt ɪz lgbtqia*, ðə "aɪ" stændz fər "intersex*" ənd ðə "ə" fər "eɪˈsɛksjuəl" "ˈæˌlaɪd." "ɪts ˈvɛri ˈkəlʧərəˌli ənd ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənəli ˈdrɪvən," sɛd ˈmɑrgoʊ ɛm. ʒəkˈwoʊ, ˈfaʊndɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈʤunəpər ˈsɛnər, ə ˌsaɪkoʊˈθɛrəpi ˈpræktɪs ɪn pɑrk rɪʤ, əv ðə əˌbriviˈeɪʃənz ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə fɔr. ðə kˈwɛʃən ɪz ʤɪst haʊ əˈbriviˌeɪtɪd ʃʊd ðɪs bi? dəˈbeɪt əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈtɑpɪk ˈɪzənt nu teɪk ə lʊk æt ə 2012 ˈpoʊstɪŋ ɔn ˈmaɪkəl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈʤəstɪs fər ɔl blɔg, wɪθ hɪz ˈhəzbənd, ˈrɑbərt, ˈtaɪtəld "wəts ɪn ən ˈækrənɪm? ˈpɑrsɪŋ ðə kəmˈjunɪti." ˈjuzɪŋ "ɪkˈsplɪsətli kɔlz aʊt ki kəmˈpoʊnənts əv ə dɪˈvərs grup," ðeɪ roʊt, ˈædɪŋ ðət "ɛz ˈʃɔrˌthænd goʊz, ɪts ˈfɛrli ˈifɛktɪv, ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈspɛktrəm əv ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən ənd ˈʤɛndər aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɪn fɔr ˈsɪmpəl ˈlɛtərz. əv kɔrs, ɪt kænt pliz ˈɛvriˌwən, ənd laɪk moʊst ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪz, livz ˈplɛnti əv ˈpipəl ˈfilɪŋ ənˈhərd." "ˈɔrɪnʤ ɪz ðə nu blæk" stɑr li əˈdrɛst ðɪs ˈɪʃu ɪn ə 2016 ˈɪntərvˌju, seɪɪŋ ʃi ˈfeɪvərd ˈjuzɪŋ "kwɪr" fər ɔl əv ðə ˈvɛriəs kəmˈjunɪtiz ˈəndər ðə ˈəmˌbrɛlə. "ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈɪʃu wi hæv ɪn ðə kwɪr kəmˈjunɪti tɪ deɪt ənd wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ bi ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈɪʃu ənˈtɪl wi lərn tɪ əkˈsɛpt ɑr ˈdɪfərənsɪz, ənd ðæts ðə ˈɪʃu," ʃi toʊld pridesource.com*. "ənd pɑrt əv mi bɪˈlivz ðət ðɪs əv ˈkɔlɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ðə tɛndz tɪ strɛs ɑr ˈdɪfərənsɪz. ənd ðæts waɪ aɪ ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ du ɪt. aɪ seɪ kwɪr. kwɪr ɪz ˈɛvriˌbɑdi." ˈmaɪkəl sɛd hɪz vjuz ɔn ˈleɪbəlz ˈhævənt ʧeɪnʤd məʧ sɪns ðət 2012 poʊst. ðɛr "ˈsəmˈwət ənˈwildi," sɛd ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv equalityworks*, nw*, ə ˈpɔrtlənd, ˈkəmpəˌni ðət wərks wɪθ ˈəðər ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ɔn ˈɪʃuz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈreɪʃəl ənd ˈʤɛndər ˈɛkwəti, ənd "ˌɪntərˈsɛktɪŋ" aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz tɪ kriˈeɪt wət hi kɔlz "ə ˈlɛvəl pleɪɪŋ fild." wəts ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, ˈædɪd, ɪz "fər ˈpipəl tɪ ənd fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ bɪˈliv ˈpipəl wɪn ðeɪ du aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ." "aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɪz juʤ," sɛd ʒəkˈwoʊ, ə ˈlɛzbiən, wɪn æst waɪ ðiz ˈlɛtərz, ðiz ˈleɪbəlz, ər soʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ˈpipəl ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti. waɪl ʒəkˈwoʊ sɛd səm wɪl si ɛz ə "ˈjunəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈəmˌbrɛlə tərm soʊ ˈpipəl hu fil ˈmɑrʤənəˌlaɪzd, ˈjuʒəwəli əraʊnd ðɛr ˈsɛkʃuəl biɪŋ, hæv ə hoʊm," ʃi ɪz kənˈsərnd ðət wɪn ˈpipəl "tɔk əˈbaʊt, ðeɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ɪt ɛz wən kəmˈjunɪti," wɪn ɪn ˌækʧuˈæləˌti, ðɛr ər "ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt kəmˈjunɪtiz," səm əv wɪʧ ˈoʊvərˌlæp. ʤɪst haʊ "ɛnˈkəmpəsɪŋ" ˈleɪbəlz ʃʊd bi ɪz ɪkˈsplɔrd ɪn ˈklæsɪz tɔt baɪ ˈgrɛgəri wɔrd, ə prəˈfɛsər əv lɪŋgˈwɪstɪks, fəˈlɑsəfi, ənd ˈʤɛndər ənd ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti ˈstədiz æt ˌnɔrθˈwɛstərn ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ˈɛvənstən. "wət kən ðə ˈpəblɪk juz səkˈsɛsfəli, ənd wət wɪl ɪkˈsklud ˈpipəl əˈfɛnsɪvli," hi sɛd. "haʊ du wi straɪk ðət ˈbæləns bɪtˈwin ˈmæksəməm ˌɪnˈklusɪvnɪs ənd ˈkəmɪŋ əp wɪθ ə ˈleɪbəl ðət kən bi juzd wɪˈθaʊt ˈrɪdəˌkjul, ənd rɪˈspɛkt ðə kəmˈjunɪti biɪŋ rɪˈfərd tɪ." wɔrd ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ðə "ˈtɔrʧərd ˈhɪstəri" əv wərdz juzd tɪ dɪˈnoʊt ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkənz ˈoʊvər ðə ˈdɛkeɪdz. wən ʃʊd dɪˈfər tɪ ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪn tərmz əv ˌdɛzɪgˈneɪʃən, hi sɛd, bət ðæts nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli ˈfæktər ɪn pleɪ. "ɪts ə ʃɛrd ˈlæŋgwɪʤ. wi ɔl hæv ə seɪ ɪn ɪt," wɔrd sɛd, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət waɪl ðɛr ɪz ə ˈhɪstəri əv spɪˈsɪfɪk grups ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp əv ə ˌdɛzɪgˈneɪʃən ənd seɪɪŋ, "ðɪs ɪz haʊ wi si ɑrˈsɛlvz," ðə rɛst əv kəmˈjunɪti ɪz fri tɪ juz ɪt ər nɑt. ənd ðət ˈpoʊzɪz ə kˈwɛʃən ɔn ðə rɛst əv soʊˈsaɪɪti: wət wərd du ju juz? "səm ˈpipəl doʊnt laɪk ðət," hi sɛd. "ə ʧɔɪs minz ə dɪˈsɪʒən məst bi meɪd." ənd ðət ʧɔɪs "rɪˈflɛkts ɑr ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən, rɪˈflɛkts ɑr ˈsɪmpəθiz," sɛd wɔrd, hu juzd ðɪs ɪgˈzæmpəl: "ə ˈtɛrərɪst fər ju kʊd bi ə ˈfridəm ˈfaɪtər fər mi. ɪts ən ɪkˈstrim ɪgˈzæmpəl, bət ɪt ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts haʊ pərˈspɛktɪv pleɪz ə roʊl." waɪl wɔrd sɪz ðɛr simz tɪ bi ə "ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈpætərn" raɪt naʊ bɪtˈwin ənd ɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈdɪskɔrs, ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə fækt ðət ɛz ˈleɪbəlz ɪˈvɑlv, soʊ du wərdz teɪk ɔn nu ˈminɪŋz. ənd wərdz wəns tæˈbu ər ˈfaɪndɪŋ ə rɪˈdɛmʃən əv sɔrts. teɪk "kwɪr," huz ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən ɪz səʧ ðət ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm ˈɔfər ə ˈkɔʃən ɔn ˈjuzɪŋ ɪt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ə kwoʊˈteɪʃən. bət "kwɪr" ɪz haʊ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪz hɪmˈsɛlf. ɪt wɑz, hi kənˈsidɪd, ə "sloʊ ˌɛvəˈluʃən wɪˈθɪn mi." "əm 50 jɪrz oʊld. ɪt wɑz ˈprɪti ˈhɑrmfəl wɪn aɪ wɑz ə jəŋ ʧaɪld, ənd aɪv naʊ bɪˈkəm kwaɪt fɑnd əv ɪt," hi sɛd. æst waɪ, hi sɛd, "aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ə ˈləvli pis əv rɪˈzɪstəns əˈgɛnst ðə ˈdɑmənənt ˈdɪskɔrs." fər səm ˈæktɪv ɪn ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ kəmˈjunɪti, laɪk maɪk oboza*, ʤun lɑˈtroʊb, oʊən ənd əˈlɛksɪs ˈmɪklər, mɔr ˈlɛtərz ɪn ðə əˌbriviˈeɪʃən min ˈgreɪtər ˈjunɪti, ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˈgreɪtər əˈwɛrnəs ənd, pərˈhæps, ˈgreɪtər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈməsəl. oboza*, ə pɑrk rɪʤ ˈrɛzɪdənt hu wərks ɛz ə fəˈtɑgrəfər ənd ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ædˈvaɪzər, ɪz ˈfaʊndər əv ðə ˌbaɪˈsɛkʃuəl kwɪr əˈlaɪəns ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, wɪʧ eɪmz tɪ "ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə bi ɪn," əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə grups ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ. ðə əˌbriviˈeɪʃən ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ˈfæməli, hi sɛd, ənd ðə ˈfæməli ɪz "ˈstrɔŋgər təˈgɛðər" ˈivɪn ɪf səm ˈmɛmbərz ˈɑrənt tɔkt əˈbaʊt ɛz məʧ ɛz ˈəðərz. "wi hæv tɪ ˈɛʤəˌkeɪt iʧ ˈəðər. ˈɛʤəˌkeɪt ənd nɑt pʊt ɑrˈsɛlvz daʊn," hi sɛd. "ðoʊ wi ər ə ˈfæməli, ɑr ˈhɪstəriz ər ˈdɪfərənt." lɑˈtroʊb, ə ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈæktɪvɪst hu ɪz ˌbaɪˈsɛkʃuəl, sɛd biɪŋ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn "ðət ˈlɪtəl ˈælfəˌbɛt sup" ɪz ˈjusfəl bɪˈkəz ɪt hɛlps ˈkaʊntər ðoʊz hu maɪt sik tɪ ˈsplɪntər ðə ˈlɑrʤər kəmˈjunɪti. |
confirming previous reports, union chief michael weiner told reporters in kansas city the mets and yankees and other rivals will play three or four games beginning in 2013, not six.
"it wasn't fair to have six games against an opponent that other teams in your division didn't," weiner said at a baseball writers' association of america gathering. "the mets, for example, would say `why do we have to play the yankees six times every single year when some of our division opponents are playing teams that aren't traditionally as strong? we understand we've got to play the yankees every year. that's ok. why should we play six?'"
via the associated press:
teams in a division will play three games each against teams in another division: for example, the east vs. the al central. the rivalries will be either one series or a of two games each, weiner said. there will be an exception in years the rivals play the opposite division -- for instance, the yankees and mets would play six times in years the east plays the al east.
baseball's new labor contract says teams will play up to 20 games a year. weiner says the total is likely to be close to the maximum. "it may be that you can come up with a more workable schedule by moving up to the higher end of the play range as opposed to the lower end," he said. "so it's not a question that 19 or 20 is much better than 18 in terms of play, it's a question of how to put the pieces of the puzzle together."
a draft schedule has been given to the union, which is studying it before finalizes it ahead of an anticipated september release. because of the two leagues, two clubs will have to open and close with games. | kənˈfərmɪŋ ˈpriviəs rɪˈpɔrts, ˈjunjən ʧif ˈmaɪkəl ˈwaɪnər toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz ɪn ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti ðə mɛts ənd ˈjæŋkiz ənd ˈəðər ˈraɪvəlz wɪl pleɪ θri ər fɔr geɪmz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ɪn 2013 nɑt sɪks. "ɪt ˈwəzənt fɛr tɪ hæv sɪks geɪmz əˈgɛnst ən əˈpoʊnənt ðət ˈəðər timz ɪn jʊr dɪˈvɪʒən ˈdɪdənt," ˈwaɪnər sɛd æt ə ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ˈraɪtərz' əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv əˈmɛrɪkə ˈgæðərɪŋ. "ðə mɛts, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wʊd seɪ `waɪ du wi hæv tɪ pleɪ ðə ˈjæŋkiz sɪks taɪmz ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl jɪr wɪn səm əv ɑr dɪˈvɪʒən əˈpoʊnənts ər pleɪɪŋ timz ðət ˈɑrənt trəˈdɪʃənəli ɛz strɔŋ? wi ˌəndərˈstænd wiv gɑt tɪ pleɪ ðə ˈjæŋkiz ˈɛvəri jɪr. ðæts ˈoʊˈkeɪ. waɪ ʃʊd wi pleɪ sɪks?'" ˈviə ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs: timz ɪn ə dɪˈvɪʒən wɪl pleɪ θri geɪmz iʧ əˈgɛnst timz ɪn əˈnəðər dɪˈvɪʒən: fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ist ˈvərsəz. ðə æl ˈsɛntrəl. ðə ˈraɪvəlriz wɪl bi ˈiðər wən ˈsɪriz ər ə əv tu geɪmz iʧ, ˈwaɪnər sɛd. ðɛr wɪl bi ən ɪkˈsɛpʃən ɪn jɪrz ðə ˈraɪvəlz pleɪ ðə ˈɑpəzɪt dɪˈvɪʒən fər ˈɪnstəns, ðə ˈjæŋkiz ənd mɛts wʊd pleɪ sɪks taɪmz ɪn jɪrz ðə ist pleɪz ðə æl ist. ˈbeɪsˈbɔlz nu ˈleɪbər ˈkɑnˌtrækt sɪz timz wɪl pleɪ əp tɪ 20 geɪmz ə jɪr. ˈwaɪnər sɪz ðə ˈtoʊtəl ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi kloʊz tɪ ðə ˈmæksəməm. "ɪt meɪ bi ðət ju kən kəm əp wɪθ ə mɔr ˈwərkəbəl ˈskɛʤʊl baɪ ˈmuvɪŋ əp tɪ ðə haɪər ɛnd əv ðə pleɪ reɪnʤ ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ðə loʊər ɛnd," hi sɛd. "soʊ ɪts nɑt ə kˈwɛʃən ðət 19 ər 20 ɪz məʧ ˈbɛtər ðən 18 ɪn tərmz əv pleɪ, ɪts ə kˈwɛʃən əv haʊ tɪ pʊt ðə ˈpisɪz əv ðə ˈpəzəl təˈgɛðər." ə dræft ˈskɛʤʊl həz bɪn ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðə ˈjunjən, wɪʧ ɪz ˈstədiɪŋ ɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈfaɪnəˌlaɪzɪz ɪt əˈhɛd əv ən ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd sɛpˈtɛmbər riˈlis. bɪˈkəz əv ðə tu ligz, tu kləbz wɪl hæv tɪ ˈoʊpən ənd kloʊz wɪθ geɪmz. |
there’s some on the worldwide web concerning a rumored project simply known as google me. it all started with a twitter update from founder kevin rose saying that heard a rumor from a “very credible source” that google would be launching a “facebook competitor very soon” called google me. that tweet has since been removed, which may or may not indicate that google asked him to do so.
then a former facebook named adam chimed in, saying the following:
“here is what pieced together from some reliable sources:
– this is not a rumor. this is a real project. there are a large number of people working on it. i am completely confident about this.
– they realized that buzz enough and that they need to build out a full, first-class social network. they are modeling it off of facebook.
– unlike previous attempts (before buzz at least), this is a project within google.
– they had assumed that growth would slow as it grew, and that facebook be able to have too much leverage over them, but then it just stop, and now they are really scared.”
facebook has made no qualms about going after google, hiring away vp of global online sales and operations, sheryl sandberg, to become chief operating officer. and the recent introduction of open graph protocol is seen by many as a direct attempt to entice members to conduct their web searches from within facebook need to hop over to google to look something up.
you may recall that tried its hand at the whole social networking thing already. orkut, an actual social network that never really caught on in the us, though apparently huge in brazil and india. and then buzz, a something or other been buried in most in favor of, well, twitter.
and therein lies main challenge. how do you lure people away from a service they already use?
is buzz vastly superior to twitter? you can embed photos and full blog posts into buzz and you can see comments on your updates. cool, sure, but twitter is still the standard for simple, short, updates. made it clear that its strategy is “mobile first” and, you know it, the mobile version of google buzz is actually pretty awesome if bothered to use it. the desktop version, however, providing a good reason to dump twitter.
if the rumors are to be believed, stand to reason that google would leverage buzz as the feature of google me. and google has millions of users already, which would make signing up for google me a snap. but like it learned with buzz, just having a lot of users mean much without giving them a good reason to switch.
it can easily replicate most or all of features—friending, photos, apps, videos, going to need to give people features they find elsewhere. otherwise, nobody needs yet another social network to join.
so what would it take for you to leave facebook for google me? i got dragged into facebook kicking and screaming because i care all that much to connect with people i seen in 15 years (i use facebook only for personal friends i know in real life and twitter for connections) but mildly amusing to see doing what every once in awhile. for me, google would first and foremost need to provide a way for users to import their facebook profile information and, next, most of everyone friends with on facebook would have to switch to google me.
a simplified interface would be nice, too. i spend enough time inside facebook to know where everything is located and the rare instances when i want to tweak something, it seems like all the options are multiple menus deep. also a certain allure to having all your stuff in one place: cram gmail, search, google voice, google wave, the rumored google music service, google docs, google maps, youtube, google reader, and whatever else all under one roof and be inclined to switch.
and then the privacy issues. you hear much from regular facebook users about privacy but you hear plenty from tech bloggers and pundits about the mismanagement of users’ data. google would be wise to get the privacy aspects of google me right the first time, if only to get some positive press from the influential tech media. i actually think too many people would switch based on what we in the media say. the basic key will be to do what facebook does, but better, just like facebook replaced friendster, myspace, and all the social networks before them.
but i digress. what would it take for you to switch?
more on techland:
first official trailer: the social network
only hot chicks care about facebook privacy
google’s rumored music store and why it just might work | there’s* səm ɔn ðə ˈwərldˈwaɪd wɛb kənˈsərnɪŋ ə ˈrumərd ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈsɪmpli noʊn ɛz ˈgugəl mi. ɪt ɔl ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ ə tˈwɪtər ˈəpˌdeɪt frəm ˈfaʊndər ˈkɛvɪn roʊz seɪɪŋ ðət hərd ə ˈrumər frəm ə ˈkrɛdəbəl source”*” ðət ˈgugəl wʊd bi ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ə kəmˈpɛtɪtər ˈvɛri soon”*” kɔld ˈgugəl mi. ðət twit həz sɪns bɪn riˈmuvd, wɪʧ meɪ ər meɪ nɑt ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ˈgugəl æst ɪm tɪ du soʊ. ðɛn ə ˈfɔrmər ˈfeɪsˌbʊk neɪmd ˈædəm ʧaɪmd ɪn, seɪɪŋ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: ɪz wət pist təˈgɛðər frəm səm rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈsɔrsəz: ðɪs ɪz nɑt ə ˈrumər. ðɪs ɪz ə ril ˈprɑʤɛkt. ðɛr ər ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv ˈpipəl ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ɪt. aɪ æm kəmˈplitli ˈkɑnfədənt əˈbaʊt ðɪs. ðeɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət bəz ɪˈnəf ənd ðət ðeɪ nid tɪ bɪld aʊt ə fʊl, ˌfərstˈklæs ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərk. ðeɪ ər ˈmɑdəlɪŋ ɪt ɔf əv ˈfeɪsˌbʊk. ənˈlaɪk ˈpriviəs əˈtɛmpts (ˌbiˈfɔr bəz æt list), ðɪs ɪz ə ˈprɑʤɛkt wɪˈθɪn ˈgugəl. ðeɪ hæd əˈsumd ðət groʊθ wʊd sloʊ ɛz ɪt gru, ənd ðət ˈfeɪsˌbʊk bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ hæv tu məʧ ˈlɛvərɪʤ ˈoʊvər ðɛm, bət ðɛn ɪt ʤɪst stɑp, ənd naʊ ðeɪ ər ˈrɪli scared.”*.” ˈfeɪsˌbʊk həz meɪd noʊ kwɑmz əˈbaʊt goʊɪŋ ˈæftər ˈgugəl, ˈhaɪrɪŋ əˈweɪ ˌviˈpi əv ˈgloʊbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn seɪlz ənd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ˈʃɛrəl ˈsændbərg, tɪ bɪˈkəm ʧif ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈɔfɪsər. ənd ðə ˈrisənt ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv ˈoʊpən græf ˈproʊtəˌkɔl ɪz sin baɪ ˈmɛni ɛz ə dɪˈrɛkt əˈtɛmpt tɪ ɪnˈtaɪs ˈmɛmbərz tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ðɛr wɛb ˈsərʧɪz frəm wɪˈθɪn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk nid tɪ hɑp ˈoʊvər tɪ ˈgugəl tɪ lʊk ˈsəmθɪŋ əp. ju meɪ ˈriˌkɔl ðət traɪd ɪts hænd æt ðə hoʊl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ θɪŋ ɔˈrɛdi. ˌɔrˌkʊt, ən ˈækʧəwəl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərk ðət ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli kɔt ɔn ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ðoʊ əˈpɛrəntli juʤ ɪn brəˈzɪl ənd ˈɪndiə. ənd ðɛn bəz, ə ˈsəmθɪŋ ər ˈəðər bɪn ˈbɛrid ɪn moʊst ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv, wɛl, tˈwɪtər. ənd ðɛˈrɪn laɪz meɪn ˈʧælənʤ. haʊ du ju lʊr ˈpipəl əˈweɪ frəm ə ˈsərvɪs ðeɪ ɔˈrɛdi juz? ɪz bəz ˈvæstli suˈpɪriər tɪ tˈwɪtər? ju kən ɪmˈbɛd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ənd fʊl blɔg poʊsts ˈɪntu bəz ənd ju kən si ˈkɑmɛnts ɔn jʊr ˈəpˌdeɪts. kul, ʃʊr, bət tˈwɪtər ɪz stɪl ðə ˈstændərd fər ˈsɪmpəl, ʃɔrt, ˈəpˌdeɪts. meɪd ɪt klɪr ðət ɪts ˈstrætəʤi ɪz first”*” ənd, ju noʊ ɪt, ðə ˈmoʊbəl ˈvərʒən əv ˈgugəl bəz ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈprɪti ˈɔsəm ɪf ˈbɑðərd tɪ juz ɪt. ðə ˈdɛskˌtɑp ˈvərʒən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ə gʊd ˈrizən tɪ dəmp tˈwɪtər. ɪf ðə ˈrumərz ər tɪ bi bɪˈlivd, stænd tɪ ˈrizən ðət ˈgugəl wʊd ˈlɛvərɪʤ bəz ɛz ðə ˈfiʧər əv ˈgugəl mi. ənd ˈgugəl həz ˈmɪljənz əv ˈjuzərz ɔˈrɛdi, wɪʧ wʊd meɪk ˈsaɪnɪŋ əp fər ˈgugəl mi ə snæp. bət laɪk ɪt ˈlərnɪd wɪθ bəz, ʤɪst ˈhævɪŋ ə lɔt əv ˈjuzərz min məʧ wɪˈθaʊt ˈgɪvɪŋ ðɛm ə gʊd ˈrizən tɪ swɪʧ. ɪt kən ˈizəli ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt moʊst ər ɔl əv features—friending*, ˈfoʊˌtoʊz, æps, ˈvɪdioʊz, goʊɪŋ tɪ nid tɪ gɪv ˈpipəl ˈfiʧərz ðeɪ faɪnd ˈɛlsˌwɛr. ˈəðərˌwaɪz, ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi nidz jɛt əˈnəðər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərk tɪ ʤɔɪn. soʊ wət wʊd ɪt teɪk fər ju tɪ liv ˈfeɪsˌbʊk fər ˈgugəl mi? aɪ gɑt drægd ˈɪntu ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈkɪkɪŋ ənd ˈskrimɪŋ bɪˈkəz aɪ kɛr ɔl ðət məʧ tɪ kəˈnɛkt wɪθ ˈpipəl aɪ sin ɪn 15 jɪrz (aɪ juz ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈoʊnli fər ˈpərsɪnəl frɛndz aɪ noʊ ɪn ril laɪf ənd tˈwɪtər fər kəˈnɛkʃənz) bət ˈmaɪldli əmˈjuzɪŋ tɪ si duɪŋ wət ˈɛvəri wəns ɪn əˈwaɪl. fər mi, ˈgugəl wʊd fərst ənd ˈfɔrˌmoʊst nid tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə weɪ fər ˈjuzərz tɪ ˌɪmˈpɔrt ðɛr ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈproʊˌfaɪl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd, nɛkst, moʊst əv ˈɛvriˌwən frɛndz wɪθ ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk wʊd hæv tɪ swɪʧ tɪ ˈgugəl mi. ə ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪd ˈɪnərˌfeɪs wʊd bi nis, tu. aɪ spɛnd ɪˈnəf taɪm ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tɪ noʊ wɛr ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ənd ðə rɛr ˈɪnstənsɪz wɪn aɪ wɔnt tɪ twik ˈsəmθɪŋ, ɪt simz laɪk ɔl ðə ˈɔpʃənz ər ˈməltəpəl ˈmɛnjuz dip. ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈsərtən əˈlʊr tɪ ˈhævɪŋ ɔl jʊr stəf ɪn wən pleɪs: kræm gmail*, sərʧ, ˈgugəl vɔɪs, ˈgugəl weɪv, ðə ˈrumərd ˈgugəl mˈjuzɪk ˈsərvɪs, ˈgugəl dɑks, ˈgugəl mæps, ˈjuˌtub, ˈgugəl ˈridər, ənd ˌwəˈtɛvər ɛls ɔl ˈəndər wən rʊf ənd bi ˌɪnˈklaɪnd tɪ swɪʧ. ənd ðɛn ðə ˈpraɪvəsi ˈɪʃuz. ju hir məʧ frəm ˈrɛgjələr ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈjuzərz əˈbaʊt ˈpraɪvəsi bət ju hir ˈplɛnti frəm tɛk ˈblɔgərz ənd ˈpəndɪts əˈbaʊt ðə mɪsˈmænɪʤmənt əv users’*’ ˈdætə. ˈgugəl wʊd bi waɪz tɪ gɪt ðə ˈpraɪvəsi ˈæˌspɛkts əv ˈgugəl mi raɪt ðə fərst taɪm, ɪf ˈoʊnli tɪ gɪt səm ˈpɑzətɪv prɛs frəm ðə ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl tɛk ˈmidiə. aɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli θɪŋk tu ˈmɛni ˈpipəl wʊd swɪʧ beɪst ɔn wət wi ɪn ðə ˈmidiə seɪ. ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ki wɪl bi tɪ du wət ˈfeɪsˌbʊk dɪz, bət ˈbɛtər, ʤɪst laɪk ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˌriˈpleɪst friendster*, ˈmaɪˌspeɪs, ənd ɔl ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərks ˌbiˈfɔr ðɛm. bət aɪ daɪˈgrɛs. wət wʊd ɪt teɪk fər ju tɪ swɪʧ? mɔr ɔn techland*: fərst əˈfɪʃəl ˈtreɪlər: ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈoʊnli hɑt ʧɪks kɛr əˈbaʊt ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈpraɪvəsi ˈrumərd mˈjuzɪk stɔr ənd waɪ ɪt ʤɪst maɪt wərk |
snout-less 'hero dog' arrives at davis animals
kabang, pictured here, had her snout and upper jaw sheared off when she leapt in front of a speeding motorcycle just before christmas last year in an apparent attempt to save two little girls in zamboanga city, philippines. the dog, which has become a national hero and an international sensation, is being brought to davis for reconstructive surgery. less, pictured here, had her snout and upper jaw sheared off when she leapt in front of a speeding motorcycle just before christmas last year in an apparent attempt to save two little girls in zamboanga city, ... more photo: anton mari h. lim, courtesy anton lim photo: anton mari h. lim, courtesy anton lim image 1 of / 5 caption close 'hero dog' arrives at davis 1 / 5 back to gallery
a dog who became an international cause celebre after her snout was sliced off saving two young girls in the philippines was examined by veterinarians thursday at davis, a milestone event in a remarkable humanitarian effort to help a canine heroine.
the dog, named, became an unlikely star in the philippines after she reportedly threw herself into the path of a speeding motorcycle just as it was about to hit two young girls crossing a roadway in zamboanga city.
the lunge, by all accounts, saved the lives of the daughter and niece of's owner, but cost the dog her snout and upper jaw, which was sheared off when she got tangled in the spokes. the gruesome injury puts her in grave danger of developing an infection. at minimum, the gaping wound must be closed, a delicate procedure that is beyond the capability of veterinarians in the philippines.
kabang was brought to the william r. pritchard veterinary medical teaching hospital, at davis, where a team of veterinarians looked over her wounds.
"we are pleased with what we discovered," said frank verstraete, one of the veterinary surgeons who conducted an exam thursday that included blood and urine tests. "we are confident we can improve her condition going forward."
verstraete and fellow surgeon boaz said they anticipate that will need at least two surgeries over the next six weeks, one focusing on dental work and the other to close the gaping wound on her face.
"contrary to some rumors in the media," the hospital said in a statement, "there are no plans to fit with a 'prosthetic snout' or to replace her jaw."
the campaign to help was spearheaded by karen, a longtime critical care nurse from buffalo, n.y., who organized a fundraising campaign that raised more than $20,000 in donations from 20 different countries, enough to pay for surgery, airfare, visas, passports and a hotel stay for the dog and her handlers.
kabang, referred to in newspapers in the philippines as the "hero dog," flew into los angeles international airport monday night with anton lim, her local veterinarian. her owner, rudy, had to stay home apparently because he could not locate a valid birth certificate and was unable to obtain a visa or passport.
kabang's unprecedented journey actually began nearly two years ago in a swamp near zamboanga, when the found an abandoned puppy in a paddy field. he initially kept the dog with the intention of fattening it up and feeding it to his family, a practice that is not uncommon in the philippines, but his daughter, dina, 11, and niece, princess, 3, grew close to the dog, according to numerous published accounts. they named her, which means "spotty" in their native language, and the dog became very protective of the girls.
the motorcycle accident, which left literally with half a face, touched hearts across the philippines. heard about the dog's plight, which prompted her to start a website, careforkabang.com, and opened facebook and twitter accounts. her grassroots campaign was helped by pet lovers' websites, many of which have considerable followings in the bay area.
"it is a high-profile case for us," said rob warren, the spokesman for davis' veterinary hospital. "it is a tremendous opportunity for everybody. i see it as a win-win all around." | snout-less* 'ˈhɪroʊ dɔg' əraɪvz æt ˈdeɪvɪs ˈænəməlz, ˈpɪkʧərd hir, hæd hər snaʊt ənd ˈəpər ʤɔ ʃɪrd ɔf wɪn ʃi lɛpt ɪn frənt əv ə ˈspidɪŋ ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪkəl ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkrɪsməs læst jɪr ɪn ən əˈpɛrənt əˈtɛmpt tɪ seɪv tu ˈlɪtəl gərlz ɪn zæmˈboʊŋgə ˈsɪti, ˈfɪləˌpinz. ðə dɔg, wɪʧ həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈhɪroʊ ənd ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl sɛnˈseɪʃən, ɪz biɪŋ brɔt tɪ ˈdeɪvɪs fər ˌrikənˈstrəktɪv ˈsərʤəri. lɛs, ˈpɪkʧərd hir, hæd hər snaʊt ənd ˈəpər ʤɔ ʃɪrd ɔf wɪn ʃi lɛpt ɪn frənt əv ə ˈspidɪŋ ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪkəl ʤɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkrɪsməs læst jɪr ɪn ən əˈpɛrənt əˈtɛmpt tɪ seɪv tu ˈlɪtəl gərlz ɪn zæmˈboʊŋgə ˈsɪti, mɔr ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈænˌtɔn ˈmɑri eɪʧ. lɪm, ˈkərtəsi ˈænˌtɔn lɪm ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈænˌtɔn ˈmɑri eɪʧ. lɪm, ˈkərtəsi ˈænˌtɔn lɪm ˈɪmɪʤ 1 əv 5 ˈkæpʃən kloʊz 'ˈhɪroʊ dɔg' əraɪvz æt ˈdeɪvɪs 1 5 bæk tɪ ˈgæləri ə dɔg hu bɪˈkeɪm ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kɔz ˈsɛləbrə ˈæftər hər snaʊt wɑz slaɪst ɔf ˈseɪvɪŋ tu jəŋ gərlz ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz wɑz ɪgˈzæmənd baɪ ˌvɛtərəˈnɛriənz ˈθərzˌdeɪ æt ˈdeɪvɪs, ə ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn ɪˈvɛnt ɪn ə rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən ˈɛfərt tɪ hɛlp ə ˈkeɪˌnaɪn ˈhɛroʊən. ðə dɔg, neɪmd, bɪˈkeɪm ən ənˈlaɪkli stɑr ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz ˈæftər ʃi rɪˈpɔrtədli θru hərˈsɛlf ˈɪntu ðə pæθ əv ə ˈspidɪŋ ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪkəl ʤɪst ɛz ɪt wɑz əˈbaʊt tɪ hɪt tu jəŋ gərlz ˈkrɔsɪŋ ə ˈroʊdˌweɪ ɪn zæmˈboʊŋgə ˈsɪti. ðə lənʤ, baɪ ɔl əˈkaʊnts, seɪvd ðə lɪvz əv ðə ˈdɔtər ənd nis əv ˈoʊnər, bət kɔst ðə dɔg hər snaʊt ənd ˈəpər ʤɔ, wɪʧ wɑz ʃɪrd ɔf wɪn ʃi gɑt ˈtæŋgəld ɪn ðə spoʊks. ðə ˈgrusəm ˈɪnʤəri pʊts hər ɪn greɪv ˈdeɪnʤər əv dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ən ˌɪnˈfɛkʃən. æt ˈmɪnəməm, ðə ˈgeɪpɪŋ wund məst bi kloʊzd, ə ˈdɛləkət prəˈsiʤər ðət ɪz bɪɔnd ðə ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti əv ˌvɛtərəˈnɛriənz ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz. wɑz brɔt tɪ ðə ˈwɪljəm ɑr. ˈprɪʧərd ˈvɛtrəˌnɛri ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈtiʧɪŋ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, æt ˈdeɪvɪs, wɛr ə tim əv ˌvɛtərəˈnɛriənz lʊkt ˈoʊvər hər wundz. "wi ər plizd wɪθ wət wi dɪˈskəvərd," sɛd fræŋk ˈvərstrɛt, wən əv ðə ˈvɛtrəˌnɛri ˈsərʤənz hu kənˈdəktəd ən ɪgˈzæm ˈθərzˌdeɪ ðət ˌɪnˈkludɪd bləd ənd ˈjʊrən tɛsts. "wi ər ˈkɑnfədənt wi kən ˌɪmˈpruv hər kənˈdɪʃən goʊɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd." ˈvərstrɛt ənd ˈfɛloʊ ˈsərʤɪn boʊæz sɛd ðeɪ ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ðət wɪl nid æt list tu ˈsərʤəriz ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst sɪks wiks, wən ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ˈdɛntəl wərk ənd ðə ˈəðər tɪ kloʊz ðə ˈgeɪpɪŋ wund ɔn hər feɪs. "ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ səm ˈrumərz ɪn ðə ˈmidiə," ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt, "ðɛr ər noʊ plænz tɪ fɪt wɪθ ə 'prɑsˈθɛtɪk snaʊt' ər tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs hər ʤɔ." ðə kæmˈpeɪn tɪ hɛlp wɑz ˈspɪˌrhɛdɪd baɪ ˈkɛrən, ə ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm ˈkrɪtɪkəl kɛr nərs frəm ˈbəfəˌloʊ, n.y*., hu ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ə ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn ðət reɪzd mɔr ðən ɪn doʊˈneɪʃənz frəm 20 ˈdɪfərənt ˈkəntriz, ɪˈnəf tɪ peɪ fər ˈsərʤəri, ˈɛrˌfɛr, ˈvizəz, ˈpæˌspɔrts ənd ə hoʊˈtɛl steɪ fər ðə dɔg ənd hər ˈhændələrz., rɪˈfərd tɪ ɪn ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz ɛz ðə "ˈhɪroʊ dɔg," flu ˈɪntu lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɛrˌpɔrt ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt wɪθ ˈænˌtɔn lɪm, hər ˈloʊkəl ˌvɛtərəˈnɛriən. hər ˈoʊnər, ˈrudi, hæd tɪ steɪ hoʊm əˈpɛrəntli bɪˈkəz hi kʊd nɑt ˈloʊˌkeɪt ə ˈvælɪd bərθ sərˈtɪfɪkət ənd wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ əbˈteɪn ə ˈvizə ər ˈpæˌspɔrt. ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ˈʤərni ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪˈgæn ˈnɪrli tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ ɪn ə swɔmp nɪr zæmˈboʊŋgə, wɪn ðə faʊnd ən əˈbændənd ˈpəpi ɪn ə ˈpædi fild. hi ˌɪˈnɪʃəli kɛpt ðə dɔg wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən əv ˈfætənɪŋ ɪt əp ənd ˈfidɪŋ ɪt tɪ hɪz ˈfæməli, ə ˈpræktɪs ðət ɪz nɑt ənˈkɑmən ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz, bət hɪz ˈdɔtər, ˈdinə, 11 ənd nis, ˈprɪnsɛs, 3 gru kloʊz tɪ ðə dɔg, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈnumərəs ˈpəblɪʃt əˈkaʊnts. ðeɪ neɪmd hər, wɪʧ minz "ˈspɑti" ɪn ðɛr ˈneɪtɪv ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ənd ðə dɔg bɪˈkeɪm ˈvɛri prəˈtɛktɪv əv ðə gərlz. ðə ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪkəl ˈæksədənt, wɪʧ lɛft ˈlɪtərəli wɪθ hæf ə feɪs, təʧt hɑrts əˈkrɔs ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz. hərd əˈbaʊt ðə dɔgz plaɪt, wɪʧ ˈprɑmptɪd hər tɪ stɑrt ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, careforkabang.com*, ənd ˈoʊpənd ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnts. hər ˈgræsˈruts kæmˈpeɪn wɑz hɛlpt baɪ pɛt ˈləvərz' ˈwɛbˌsaɪts, ˈmɛni əv wɪʧ hæv kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈfɑloʊɪŋz ɪn ðə beɪ ˈɛriə. "ɪt ɪz ə ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl keɪs fər ˈjuˈɛs," sɛd rɑb ˈwɔrən, ðə ˈspoʊksmən fər ˈdeɪvɪs' ˈvɛtrəˌnɛri ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. "ɪt ɪz ə trɪˈmɛndəs ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˈɛvriˌbɑdi. aɪ si ɪt ɛz ə ˌwɪnˈwɪn ɔl əraʊnd." |
vote for roll call number 412 the speaker ordered the vote be taken by roll call at p.m. the following is the result of the vote: total number voting....................... 142 necessary for passage..................... 72 those voting yea......................... 142 those voting nay......................... 0 those absent and not voting.............. 9 the following is the roll call vote: y abrams y y stratton y maddox y y godfrey y thompson y y amann y graziani y y y backer x green x y metz y beals y y y miller y beamon y y villano y norton y y johnston y y nystrom y y keeley y o'neill y y y piscopo y cardin y y andrews y powers x carter y knopp y barth y y caruso y landino y belden y radcliffe x castro y lawlor y boughton y y christ y y buonocore y ryan, j. y clemons y lyons y y san angelo y cocco y malone y cappiello y santa-maria y concannon y martinez y caron y sawyer y conway y y chase y scalzo y currey x mcdonald y cleary y simmons y dargan y y collins y stone y davis y merrill y y y demarinis y michele y y y y y dickman y x diaz y y dimeo y y dillon y y y veltri y donovan y y farr y ward y doyle y newton y fedele y wasserman y dyson y o'rourke y ferrari y winkler y eberle y orefice y flaherty, b. y young y esposito y roy y fuchs y flaherty, p. y ryan, k. y fusco y fleischmann y y garvey y y sauer x giordano y fox y y googins y ritter (spkr) y fritz y y y garcia, e.e. y scipio y y garcia, e.i. x sellers y hess y (dep) x y serra y hoffman y hartley (dep) y y staples y knierim y hyslop (dep) y y stillman y | voʊt fər roʊl kɔl ˈnəmbər 412 ðə ˈspikər ˈɔrdərd ðə voʊt bi ˈteɪkən baɪ roʊl kɔl æt p.m*. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪz ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə voʊt: ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər ˈvoʊtɪŋ....................... 142 ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər ˈpæsɪʤ..................... 72 ðoʊz ˈvoʊtɪŋ jeɪ......................... 142 ðoʊz ˈvoʊtɪŋ neɪ......................... 0 ðoʊz ˈæbsənt ənd nɑt ˈvoʊtɪŋ.............. 9 ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪz ðə roʊl kɔl voʊt: waɪ ˈeɪbrəmz waɪ waɪ ˈstrætən waɪ ˈmædəks waɪ waɪ ˈgɑdfri waɪ ˈtɑmsən waɪ waɪ ˈæmən waɪ grɑziˈɑni waɪ waɪ waɪ ˈbækər ɛks grin ɛks waɪ mɛts waɪ bilz waɪ waɪ waɪ ˈmɪlər waɪ ˈbimən waɪ waɪ viˈlɑnoʊ waɪ ˈnɔrtən waɪ waɪ ˈʤɑnstən waɪ waɪ ˈnaɪstrəm waɪ waɪ ˈkili waɪ oʊˈnil waɪ waɪ waɪ piˈskoʊpoʊ waɪ ˈkɑrdɪn waɪ waɪ ˈænˌdruz waɪ paʊərz ɛks ˈkɑrtər waɪ nɑp waɪ bɑrθ waɪ waɪ kərˈusoʊ waɪ lɑnˈdinoʊ waɪ ˈbɛldən waɪ ˈrædklɪf ɛks ˈkæstroʊ waɪ ˈlɔlər waɪ ˈbaʊtən waɪ waɪ kraɪst waɪ waɪ bwoʊnoʊˈkɔri waɪ raɪən, ʤeɪ. waɪ ˈklɛmənz waɪ laɪənz waɪ waɪ sæn ˈænʤəˌloʊ waɪ ˈkoʊkoʊ waɪ məˈloʊn waɪ kɑpiˈɛloʊ waɪ ˈsæntəmərˈiə waɪ kənˈkænən waɪ mɑrˈtinɛz waɪ kɑˈrɔn waɪ ˈsɔjər waɪ ˈkɑnˌweɪ waɪ waɪ ʧeɪs waɪ ˈskɑlzoʊ waɪ ˈkəri ɛks məkˈdɑnəld waɪ ˈklɪri waɪ ˈsɪmənz waɪ ˈdɑrgən waɪ waɪ ˈkɑlɪnz waɪ stoʊn waɪ ˈdeɪvɪs waɪ ˈmɛrəl waɪ waɪ waɪ ˈdɛmərɪnɪs waɪ mɪˈʃɛl waɪ waɪ waɪ waɪ waɪ ˈdɪkmən waɪ ɛks diɑz waɪ waɪ ˈdimiˌoʊ waɪ waɪ ˈdɪlən waɪ waɪ waɪ ˈvɛltri waɪ ˈdɑnəvən waɪ waɪ fɑr waɪ wɔrd waɪ dɔɪl waɪ ˈnutən waɪ ˈfɛdəl waɪ ˈwɑsərmən waɪ ˈdaɪsən waɪ oʊˈrɔrk waɪ fərˈɑri waɪ ˈwɪŋklər waɪ ˈɛbərəl waɪ ɔˈrɛfaɪs waɪ ˈflɛrti, bi. waɪ jəŋ waɪ ɛspəˈzitoʊ waɪ rɔɪ waɪ fjuks waɪ ˈflɛrti, pi. waɪ raɪən, keɪ. waɪ ˈfuskoʊ waɪ ˈflaɪʃmən waɪ waɪ ˈgɑrvi waɪ waɪ saʊər ɛks ʤɔrˈdɑnoʊ waɪ fɑks waɪ waɪ ˈgugɪnz waɪ ˈrɪtər (spkr*) waɪ frɪts waɪ waɪ waɪ ˌgɑrˈsiə, e.e*. waɪ ˈsɪpioʊ waɪ waɪ ˌgɑrˈsiə, e.i*. ɛks ˈsɛlərz waɪ hɛs waɪ (dɛp) ɛks waɪ ˈsɛrə waɪ ˈhɔfmən waɪ ˈhɑrtli (dɛp) waɪ waɪ ˈsteɪpəlz waɪ ˈnɪrɪm waɪ ˈhaɪsləp (dɛp) waɪ waɪ ˈstɪlmən waɪ |
show us fighting spirit
detroit embodies the fighting spirit shared by the united states marine corps. every day its citizens fight battles to better their community and themselves, and we want you to tell that story. in one photograph, show your interpretation of detroit's fighting spirit.
photographs must be submitted by 28 august to as a high resolution (10mb email limit). photographs should not feature violence or inappropriate content for public viewing. finalists will be featured in a photography exhibit during marine week in the rotunda of the charles h. wright museum of african american history from 6 september through 9 september. the winning photographer will be recognized at an evening reception on wednesday, 6 september, at the museum and will receive a grand prize of a weekend trip with one guest to brooklyn, for the photography festival, september 2017, and will be featured on marine corps recruiting command's social and web properties. winner must be present to claim prize. travel details will be coordinated immediately following the reception.
evening reception details
the cost of the evening reception is free and all submitting photographers and guests are encouraged to attend. please by 28 august as space is limited.
this event is free to attend. hors and non-alcoholic beverages will be provided. alcoholic beverages will be available via a cash bar. | ʃoʊ ˈjuˈɛs ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈspɪrɪt ˈdiˌtrɔɪt ɛmˈbɑdiz ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈspɪrɪt ʃɛrd baɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts mərˈin kɔrz. ˈɛvəri deɪ ɪts ˈsɪtɪzənz faɪt ˈbætəlz tɪ ˈbɛtər ðɛr kəmˈjunɪti ənd ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ənd wi wɔnt ju tɪ tɛl ðət ˈstɔri. ɪn wən ˈfoʊtəˌgræf, ʃoʊ jʊr ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv dɪˈtrɔɪts ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈspɪrɪt. ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs məst bi səbˈmɪtəd baɪ 28 ˈɔgəst tɪ ɛz ə haɪ ˌrɛzəˈluʃən iˈmeɪl ˈlɪmət). ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs ʃʊd nɑt ˈfiʧər ˈvaɪələns ər ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt ˈkɑntɛnt fər ˈpəblɪk vjuɪŋ. ˈfaɪnəlɪsts wɪl bi ˈfiʧərd ɪn ə fəˈtɑgrəfi ɪgˈzɪbɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ mərˈin wik ɪn ðə roʊˈtəndə əv ðə ˈʧɑrəlz eɪʧ. raɪt mˈjuziəm əv ˈæfrɪkɑn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri frəm 6 sɛpˈtɛmbər θru 9 sɛpˈtɛmbər. ðə ˈwɪnɪŋ fəˈtɑgrəfər wɪl bi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd æt ən ˈivnɪŋ rɪˈsɛpʃən ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, 6 sɛpˈtɛmbər, æt ðə mˈjuziəm ənd wɪl rɪˈsiv ə grænd praɪz əv ə ˈwiˌkɪnd trɪp wɪθ wən gɛst tɪ ˈbrʊklɪn, fər ðə fəˈtɑgrəfi ˈfɛstɪvəl, sɛpˈtɛmbər 2017 ənd wɪl bi ˈfiʧərd ɔn mərˈin kɔrz rɪˈkrutɪŋ kəˈmændz ˈsoʊʃəl ənd wɛb ˈprɑpərtiz. ˈwɪnər məst bi ˈprɛzənt tɪ kleɪm praɪz. ˈtrævəl ˈditeɪlz wɪl bi koʊˈɔrdəneɪtɪd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə rɪˈsɛpʃən. ˈivnɪŋ rɪˈsɛpʃən ˈditeɪlz ðə kɔst əv ðə ˈivnɪŋ rɪˈsɛpʃən ɪz fri ənd ɔl səbˈmɪtɪŋ fəˈtɑgrəfərz ənd gɛsts ər ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ əˈtɛnd. pliz baɪ 28 ˈɔgəst ɛz speɪs ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd. ðɪs ɪˈvɛnt ɪz fri tɪ əˈtɛnd. ɔr ənd ˌnɑˌnælkəˈhɑlɪk ˈbɛvrɪʤɪz wɪl bi prəˈvaɪdɪd. ˌælkəˈhɑlɪk ˈbɛvrɪʤɪz wɪl bi əˈveɪləbəl ˈviə ə kæʃ bɑr. |
if thinking about getting pastel hair, you should consider the pros and cons first. just kidding. pastel hair is awesome! if torn, do it! if not sure if pastel hair would suit you, do it! be glad you did. if you want to know how to get pastel hair, keep reading!
below are all the products need. clickable, so check them out. the white toner mandatory; you only absolutely need the bleaching kit, the conditioner, and your choice of hair dye. in addition to this, need some gloves, a shower cap, and a mixing bowl. the whole process should end up costing under 25$.
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step 1: how to bleach your hair
the first step is bleaching your hair. if you have anything but light blonde hair, you absolutely need to bleach it if you want the pastel color to actually be pastel. if you have already blonde hair, skip this step. when choosing your bleaching product, important to go for 30 volume. anything under that is too weak for achieving pastel hair, and anything over that is too strong for safety bleach can fry your hair, so be very careful! i recommend this nifty manic panic bleaching kit, which also contains gloves, a brush, and a mixing bowl. tip: if you have very thick or long hair, you will need 2 boxes! it ends up going a bit over budget, but well worth it! the first time i bleached my hair, i had to pause the job and ask my friend to kindly go buy another box for me. get two if unsure!
make sure your hair been washed for a few days before bleaching. bleach is harsh on your scalp, and the oils will help protect it.
if your first time, have someone else help you and bleach your hair for you. bleaching hair is tricky. be safe!
follow the instructions on the packaging. a strand test is a very good idea!
if your hair still light enough after bleaching, consider a white toner. if you want pastel blue hair, your hair has to be a very white blonde. any yellow in your hair and the blue dye will turn green!
step 2: how to get pastel hair
there is no “pastel hair dye”. instead, you will have to mix regular colored hair dye with conditioner. start by squirting the conditioner in a mixing bowl: add the amount you think will cover your entire hair. add a very small amount of hair dye and mix it well. keep adding dye (or conditioner if you mess up) until you reach the perfect pastel color you want. to color your hair, put some gloves on and simply apply the dye. you can use a brush, but i prefer to use only my hands faster. once your whole head is evenly covered in dye, bring your hair in a and put on a shower cap so that the dye dry out. let it set for about 30 minutes. the length of time depends on how intense you want the color to be, so up to you. wash it off with water as cool as you can handle; use shampoo!
for hair dye, i recommend the awesome and brand manic panic. they have many suitable colors for pastel hair: cotton candy pink for pastel pink, ultra violet for a nice lavender shade, and atomic turquoise for pastel blue or mint. for conditioner, almost any conditioner will do a good job as long as mostly white in color. my favorite conditioner to use for this is trader vegan conditioner: highly and perfect for bleached hair, and you can still use it as a moisturizer every time you wash your hair. amazon has it here for under 10$ for a huge bottle called trader nourish spa balance conditioner.
if you have a good eye for color, you can make the dye darker than what you want the final result to be and only let it set for 15 minutes or so. this can be tricky; do strand tests!
if your hair turns out to be lighter than you expected, you can always it the same way. if too dark, use a clarifying shampoo to lighten it.
for mint hair, use blue dye if your hair is more blonde than white.
upkeep tips
add some of the manic panic dye to your conditioner. this way, your pastel color fade as quickly. i like to leave this mixture in for about 5 minutes before rinsing it.
choose a gentle, shampoo to better take care of your bleached hair as well as to maintain maximum color.
wash your hair less often, or use dry shampoo.
use water as cold as you can handle when you do wash your hair. hot water really strips down your color. this is especially important for pastel hair, since you have a lot of color to begin with. | ɪf ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ pæˈstɛl hɛr, ju ʃʊd kənˈsɪdər ðə proʊz ənd kɑnz fərst. ʤɪst ˈkɪdɪŋ. pæˈstɛl hɛr ɪz ˈɔsəm! ɪf tɔrn, du ɪt! ɪf nɑt ʃʊr ɪf pæˈstɛl hɛr wʊd sut ju, du ɪt! bi glæd ju dɪd. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ noʊ haʊ tɪ gɪt pæˈstɛl hɛr, kip ˈrɛdɪŋ! bɪˈloʊ ər ɔl ðə ˈprɑdəkts nid. clickable*, soʊ ʧɛk ðɛm aʊt. ðə waɪt ˈtoʊnər ˈmændəˌtɔri; ju ˈoʊnli ˌæbsəˈlutli nid ðə ˈbliʧɪŋ kɪt, ðə kənˈdɪʃənər, ənd jʊr ʧɔɪs əv hɛr daɪ. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðɪs, nid səm gləvz, ə ʃaʊər kæp, ənd ə ˈmɪksɪŋ boʊl. ðə hoʊl ˈprɔˌsɛs ʃʊd ɛnd əp ˈkɔstɪŋ ˈəndər 25 stɛp 1 haʊ tɪ bliʧ jʊr hɛr ðə fərst stɛp ɪz ˈbliʧɪŋ jʊr hɛr. ɪf ju hæv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bət laɪt blɑnd hɛr, ju ˌæbsəˈlutli nid tɪ bliʧ ɪt ɪf ju wɔnt ðə pæˈstɛl ˈkələr tɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli bi pæˈstɛl. ɪf ju hæv ɔˈrɛdi blɑnd hɛr, skɪp ðɪs stɛp. wɪn ˈʧuzɪŋ jʊr ˈbliʧɪŋ ˈprɑdəkt, ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ goʊ fər 30 ˈvɑljum. ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈəndər ðət ɪz tu wik fər əˈʧivɪŋ pæˈstɛl hɛr, ənd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðət ɪz tu strɔŋ fər ˈseɪfti bliʧ kən fraɪ jʊr hɛr, soʊ bi ˈvɛri ˈkɛrfəl! aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈnɪfti ˈmænɪk ˈpænɪk ˈbliʧɪŋ kɪt, wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈteɪnz gləvz, ə brəʃ, ənd ə ˈmɪksɪŋ boʊl. tɪp: ɪf ju hæv ˈvɛri θɪk ər lɔŋ hɛr, ju wɪl nid 2 ˈbɑksɪz! ɪt ɛndz əp goʊɪŋ ə bɪt ˈoʊvər ˈbəʤɪt, bət wɛl wərθ ɪt! ðə fərst taɪm aɪ bliʧt maɪ hɛr, aɪ hæd tɪ pɔz ðə ʤɑb ənd æsk maɪ frɛnd tɪ ˈkaɪndli goʊ baɪ əˈnəðər bɑks fər mi. gɪt tu ɪf ənˈʃʊr! meɪk ʃʊr jʊr hɛr bɪn wɑʃt fər ə fju deɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈbliʧɪŋ. bliʧ ɪz hɑrʃ ɔn jʊr skælp, ənd ðə ɔɪlz wɪl hɛlp prəˈtɛkt ɪt. ɪf jʊr fərst taɪm, hæv ˈsəmˌwən ɛls hɛlp ju ənd bliʧ jʊr hɛr fər ju. ˈbliʧɪŋ hɛr ɪz ˈtrɪki. bi seɪf! ˈfɑloʊ ðə ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz ɔn ðə ˈpækɪʤɪŋ. ə strænd tɛst ɪz ə ˈvɛri gʊd aɪˈdiə! ɪf jʊr hɛr stɪl laɪt ɪˈnəf ˈæftər ˈbliʧɪŋ, kənˈsɪdər ə waɪt ˈtoʊnər. ɪf ju wɔnt pæˈstɛl blu hɛr, jʊr hɛr həz tɪ bi ə ˈvɛri waɪt blɑnd. ˈɛni ˈjɛloʊ ɪn jʊr hɛr ənd ðə blu daɪ wɪl tərn grin! stɛp 2 haʊ tɪ gɪt pæˈstɛl hɛr ðɛr ɪz noʊ hɛr dye”*”. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ju wɪl hæv tɪ mɪks ˈrɛgjələr ˈkələrd hɛr daɪ wɪθ kənˈdɪʃənər. stɑrt baɪ skˈwərtɪŋ ðə kənˈdɪʃənər ɪn ə ˈmɪksɪŋ boʊl: æd ðə əˈmaʊnt ju θɪŋk wɪl ˈkəvər jʊr ɪnˈtaɪər hɛr. æd ə ˈvɛri smɔl əˈmaʊnt əv hɛr daɪ ənd mɪks ɪt wɛl. kip ˈædɪŋ daɪ (ər kənˈdɪʃənər ɪf ju mɛs əp) ənˈtɪl ju riʧ ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt pæˈstɛl ˈkələr ju wɔnt. tɪ ˈkələr jʊr hɛr, pʊt səm gləvz ɔn ənd ˈsɪmpli əˈplaɪ ðə daɪ. ju kən juz ə brəʃ, bət aɪ prɪˈfər tɪ juz ˈoʊnli maɪ hænz ˈfæstər. wəns jʊr hoʊl hɛd ɪz ˈivənli ˈkəvərd ɪn daɪ, brɪŋ jʊr hɛr ɪn ə ənd pʊt ɔn ə ʃaʊər kæp soʊ ðət ðə daɪ draɪ aʊt. lɛt ɪt sɛt fər əˈbaʊt 30 ˈmɪnəts. ðə lɛŋθ əv taɪm dɪˈpɛndz ɔn haʊ ˌɪnˈtɛns ju wɔnt ðə ˈkələr tɪ bi, soʊ əp tɪ ju. wɑʃ ɪt ɔf wɪθ ˈwɔtər ɛz kul ɛz ju kən ˈhændəl; juz ʃæmˈpu! fər hɛr daɪ, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðə ˈɔsəm ənd brænd ˈmænɪk ˈpænɪk. ðeɪ hæv ˈmɛni ˈsutəbəl ˈkələrz fər pæˈstɛl hɛr: ˈkɔtən ˈkændi pɪŋk fər pæˈstɛl pɪŋk, ˈəltrə ˈvaɪəlɪt fər ə nis ˈlævəndər ʃeɪd, ənd əˈtɑmɪk ˈtərkwɔɪz fər pæˈstɛl blu ər mɪnt. fər kənˈdɪʃənər, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛni kənˈdɪʃənər wɪl du ə gʊd ʤɑb ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ˈmoʊstli waɪt ɪn ˈkələr. maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt kənˈdɪʃənər tɪ juz fər ðɪs ɪz ˈtreɪdər ˈvɛgən kənˈdɪʃənər: ˈhaɪli ənd ˈpərˌfɪkt fər bliʧt hɛr, ənd ju kən stɪl juz ɪt ɛz ə ˈmɔɪsʧərˌaɪzər ˈɛvəri taɪm ju wɑʃ jʊr hɛr. ˈæməˌzɑn həz ɪt hir fər ˈəndər 10 fər ə juʤ ˈbɑtəl kɔld ˈtreɪdər nərɪʃ spɑ ˈbæləns kənˈdɪʃənər. ɪf ju hæv ə gʊd aɪ fər ˈkələr, ju kən meɪk ðə daɪ ˈdɑrkər ðən wət ju wɔnt ðə ˈfaɪnəl rɪˈzəlt tɪ bi ənd ˈoʊnli lɛt ɪt sɛt fər 15 ˈmɪnəts ər soʊ. ðɪs kən bi ˈtrɪki; du strænd tɛsts! ɪf jʊr hɛr tərnz aʊt tɪ bi ˈlaɪtər ðən ju ɪkˈspɛktɪd, ju kən ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪt ðə seɪm weɪ. ɪf tu dɑrk, juz ə ˈklɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ ʃæmˈpu tɪ ˈlaɪtən ɪt. fər mɪnt hɛr, juz blu daɪ ɪf jʊr hɛr ɪz mɔr blɑnd ðən waɪt. ˈəpˌkip tɪps æd səm əv ðə ˈmænɪk ˈpænɪk daɪ tɪ jʊr kənˈdɪʃənər. ðɪs weɪ, jʊr pæˈstɛl ˈkələr feɪd ɛz kˈwɪkli. aɪ laɪk tɪ liv ðɪs ˈmɪksʧər ɪn fər əˈbaʊt 5 ˈmɪnəts ˌbiˈfɔr ˈrɪnsɪŋ ɪt. ʧuz ə ˈʤɛnəl, ʃæmˈpu tɪ ˈbɛtər teɪk kɛr əv jʊr bliʧt hɛr ɛz wɛl ɛz tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ˈmæksəməm ˈkələr. wɑʃ jʊr hɛr lɛs ˈɔfən, ər juz draɪ ʃæmˈpu. juz ˈwɔtər ɛz koʊld ɛz ju kən ˈhændəl wɪn ju du wɑʃ jʊr hɛr. hɑt ˈwɔtər ˈrɪli strɪps daʊn jʊr ˈkələr. ðɪs ɪz əˈspɛʃəli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər pæˈstɛl hɛr, sɪns ju hæv ə lɔt əv ˈkələr tɪ bɪˈgɪn wɪθ. |
religious leaders, including baltimore archbishop william e. lori, have called on president barack obama and congressional leaders to reject a recent report by the u.s. commission on civil rights that faith groups are using religious freedom as a pretext for discrimination.
“we call upon each of you to renounce publicly the claim that ‘religious freedom’ and ‘religious liberty’ are ‘code words’ or a ‘pretext’ for various forms of discrimination,” the leaders say in the oct. 7 letter, adding: “there should be no place in our government for such a low view of our first freedom the first of our civil rights least of all from a body dedicated to protecting them all.”
the letter was addressed to obama, house speaker paul ryan, and sen. orrin hatch (r-utah), the president pro tempore of the senate, who are responsible for appointing members of the civil rights commission. it was signed by 17 people, including religious freedom experts and catholic, muslim, jewish, hindu, baha’i, mormon, african methodist episcopal, southern baptist and evangelical leaders.
a report by the u.s. commission on civil rights issued sept. 8 titled “peaceful coexistence: reconciling non-discrimination principles with civil liberties,” included the assertion that religious organizations sometimes “use the pretext of religious doctrines to discriminate.”
the signatories acknowledge that people of faith “can disagree about the relationship between religious liberty and laws in our country, and how that relationship should best be structured. these questions have to do with issues critical to the common good such as marriage, the family, contraception, abortion and the source of human dignity.”
but they said that they found it “disturbing” that in the report, the civil rights chairman martin castro wrote, “the phrases ‘religious liberty’ and ‘religious freedom’ will stand for nothing except hypocrisy so long as they remain code words for discrimination, intolerance, racism, sexism, homophobia, islamophobia, christian supremacy or any form of intolerance.”
the letter said such language “stigmatizes tens of millions of religious americans, their communities, and their institutions, and threatens the religious freedom of all our citizens.”
in addition to lori, the chairman of the ad hoc committee on religious liberty of the u.s. conference of catholic bishops, the signers included bishop j. caussé, the presiding bishop of the church of jesus christ of saints; sheikh hanson, the president of college in berkeley, california, the first muslim liberal arts college in the united states; and leith anderson, the president of the national association of evangelicals.
in his statement in the report, castro also said, “religious liberty was never intended to give one religion dominion over other religions, or a veto power over the civil rights and civil liberties of others. however, today as in the past, religion is being used as both a weapon and a shield by those seeking to deny others equality.”
religious freedom concerns were at the heart of the recent case brought to the supreme court by the little sisters of the poor and other religious groups against the u.s. department of health and human services. those groups contended that the affordable care act would force them to violate their religious beliefs by requiring their employee health insurance plans to pay for coverage of abortion inducing drugs, contraceptives, and sterilization procedures.
currently, catholic hospitals and health care institutions have religious exemptions against making abortion referrals or being forced to provide abortions; and religious organizations that oppose same-sex marriages are not required to officiate at those weddings.
some representatives of catholic and other religious groups have expressed concern over the impact that the continuing erosion of religious freedom protections might have on their abilities to offer charitable, health care and educational ministries while remaining true to their teachings.
“we are one in demanding that no american citizen or institution be labeled by their government as bigoted because of their religious views, and dismissed from the political life of our nation for holding those views,” say the religious leaders and advocates. “and yet that is precisely what the civil rights commission report does.”
in his 2015 pastoral letter, ‘being catholic today: catholic identity in an age of challenge,’ cardinal donald of washington warned: “one new effort to abridge religious freedom is the legislation that would require catholic schools to retain teachers who by their words or actions publicly contradict the teachings of the church.”
the interfaith leaders’ letter stressed the importance of religious groups and people of faith, like all americans, being free to join the debate in the public square involving laws and policies affecting the common good.
“each of us opposes hateful rhetoric and actions. we believe in the equality of all americans before the law, regardless of creed or community,” the letter said. it noted that some arguments put forth by religious groups have been “demonized” by government officials and others. the government should not “prejudice or distort” those concerns raised by religious groups, the letter said.
“slandering ideas and arguments with which one disagrees as ‘racism’ or ‘phobia’ not only cheapens the meaning of those words, but can have a chilling effect on healthy debate over, or dissent from, the prevailing orthodoxy,” the leaders said. “such attacks on dissent have no place in the united states, where all religious beliefs, the freedom to express them, and the freedom to live by them are protected by the first amendment.”
the letter quoted a 2006 speech on faith and politics given by then-sen. barack obama of illinois, who noted that americans like frederick douglass, abraham lincoln, dorothy day and rev. dr. martin luther king jr. “were not only motivated by faith, but repeatedly used religious language to argue for their cause.”
in that speech, obama noted, “so to say that men and women should not inject their ‘personal morality’ into public policy debates is a practical absurdity.”
other religious leaders signing the letter included russell moore, the president of the ethics and religious liberty commission of the southern baptist convention; bishop frank madison reid of the african methodist episcopal church; dasa, the governing body commissioner and minister of communications for the international society for krishna consciousness; bishop gregory john mansour of the of saint maron of brooklyn; and nathan j. diament, the executive director for public policy for the union of orthodox jewish congregations of america.
also signing the letter were charles haynes, vice president of the institute; ron sider, the founder of evangelicals for social action; and thomas farr, director of the religious freedom project at georgetown university and president of the religious freedom institute. | rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈlidərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈbɔltəˌmɔr ˈɑrʧˈbɪʃəp ˈwɪljəm i. ˈlɔri, hæv kɔld ɔn ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈlidərz tɪ ˈriʤɛkt ə ˈrisənt rɪˈpɔrt baɪ ðə juz. kəˈmɪʃən ɔn ˈsɪvəl raɪts ðət feɪθ grups ər ˈjuzɪŋ rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfridəm ɛz ə ˈpriˌtɛkst fər dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən. kɔl əˈpɑn iʧ əv ju tɪ rɪˈnaʊns ˈpəblɪkli ðə kleɪm ðət freedom’*’ ənd liberty’*’ ər words’*’ ər ə ‘‘pretext’*’ fər ˈvɛriəs fɔrmz əv discrimination,”*,” ðə ˈlidərz seɪ ɪn ðə ɔkt. 7 ˈlɛtər, ˈædɪŋ: ʃʊd bi noʊ pleɪs ɪn ɑr ˈgəvərnmənt fər səʧ ə loʊ vju əv ɑr fərst ˈfridəm ðə fərst əv ɑr ˈsɪvəl raɪts list əv ɔl frəm ə ˈbɑdi ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðɛm all.”*.” ðə ˈlɛtər wɑz əˈdrɛst tɪ ˌoʊˈbɑmə, haʊs ˈspikər pɔl raɪən, ənd sɛn. ˈɔrɪn hæʧ (r-utah*), ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt proʊ ˌtɛmˈpɔri əv ðə ˈsɛnɪt, hu ər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər əˈpɔɪntɪŋ ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈsɪvəl raɪts kəˈmɪʃən. ɪt wɑz saɪnd baɪ 17 ˈpipəl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfridəm ˈɛkspərts ənd ˈkæθlɪk, ˈməzlɪm, ʤuɪʃ, ˈhɪnˌdu, baha’i*, ˈmɔrmən, ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈmɛθədɪst ɪˈpɪskəpəl, ˈsəðərn ˈbæptɪst ənd ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl ˈlidərz. ə rɪˈpɔrt baɪ ðə juz. kəˈmɪʃən ɔn ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈɪʃud sɛpt. 8 ˈtaɪtəld ˌkoʊɪgˈzɪstəns: ˈrɛkənˌsaɪlɪŋ nɑnˌdɪskrɪmɪˈneɪʃən ˈprɪnsəpəlz wɪθ ˈsɪvəl liberties,”*,” ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə əˈsərʃən ðət rɪˈlɪʤəs ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə ˈpriˌtɛkst əv rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈdɑktrənz tɪ discriminate.”*.” ðə ˈsɪgnəˌtɔriz ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðət ˈpipəl əv feɪθ dɪsəˈgri əˈbaʊt ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈlɪbərˌti ənd lɔz ɪn ɑr ˈkəntri, ənd haʊ ðət riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ʃʊd bɛst bi ˈstrəkʧərd. ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz hæv tɪ du wɪθ ˈɪʃuz ˈkrɪtɪkəl tɪ ðə ˈkɑmən gʊd səʧ ɛz ˈmɛrɪʤ, ðə ˈfæməli, ˌkɑntrəˈsɛpʃən, əˈbɔrʃən ənd ðə sɔrs əv ˈjumən dignity.”*.” bət ðeɪ sɛd ðət ðeɪ faʊnd ɪt ““disturbing”*” ðət ɪn ðə rɪˈpɔrt, ðə ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈʧɛrmən ˈmɑrtɪn ˈkæstroʊ roʊt, ˈfreɪzɪz liberty’*’ ənd freedom’*’ wɪl stænd fər ˈnəθɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpt hɪˈpɑkrəsi soʊ lɔŋ ɛz ðeɪ rɪˈmeɪn koʊd wərdz fər dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən, ˌɪnˈtɑlərəns, ˈreɪˌsɪzəm, ˈsɛksɪzəm, ˌhoʊməˈfoʊbiə, islamophobia*, ˈkrɪsʧɪn səˈprɛməsi ər ˈɛni fɔrm əv intolerance.”*.” ðə ˈlɛtər sɛd səʧ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ tɛnz əv ˈmɪljənz əv rɪˈlɪʤəs əˈmɛrɪkənz, ðɛr kəmˈjunɪtiz, ənd ðɛr ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz, ənd θˈrɛtənz ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfridəm əv ɔl ɑr citizens.”*.” ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈlɔri, ðə ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə æd hɑk kəˈmɪti ɔn rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈlɪbərˌti əv ðə juz. ˈkɑnfərəns əv ˈkæθlɪk ˈbɪʃəps, ðə ˈsaɪnərz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈbɪʃəp ʤeɪ. caussé*é, ðə prɪˈzaɪdɪŋ ˈbɪʃəp əv ðə ʧərʧ əv ˈʤizəs kraɪst əv seɪnts; ʃik ˈhænsən, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn ˈbərkli, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ðə fərst ˈməzlɪm ˈlɪˌbərəl ɑrts ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts; ənd liθ ˈændərsən, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˌiˌvænˈʤɛlɪkəlz. ɪn hɪz ˈsteɪtmənt ɪn ðə rɪˈpɔrt, ˈkæstroʊ ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd, ˈlɪbərˌti wɑz ˈnɛvər ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ gɪv wən rɪˈlɪʤən dəˈmɪnjən ˈoʊvər ˈəðər riˈlɪʤənz, ər ə ˈviˌtoʊ paʊər ˈoʊvər ðə ˈsɪvəl raɪts ənd ˈsɪvəl ˈlɪbərˌtiz əv ˈəðərz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, təˈdeɪ ɛz ɪn ðə pæst, rɪˈlɪʤən ɪz biɪŋ juzd ɛz boʊθ ə ˈwɛpən ənd ə ʃild baɪ ðoʊz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ˈəðərz equality.”*.” rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfridəm kənˈsərnz wər æt ðə hɑrt əv ðə ˈrisənt keɪs brɔt tɪ ðə səˈprim kɔrt baɪ ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈsɪstərz əv ðə pur ənd ˈəðər rɪˈlɪʤəs grups əˈgɛnst ðə juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv hɛlθ ənd ˈjumən ˈsərvɪsɪz. ðoʊz grups kənˈtɛndɪd ðət ðə əˈfɔrdəbəl kɛr ækt wʊd fɔrs ðɛm tɪ ˈvaɪəleɪt ðɛr rɪˈlɪʤəs bɪˈlifs baɪ rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ðɛr ɪmˈplɔɪi hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns plænz tɪ peɪ fər ˈkəvərɪʤ əv əˈbɔrʃən ˌɪnˈdusɪŋ drəgz, ˌkɑntrəˈsɛptɪvz, ənd ˌstɛrəlɪˈzeɪʃən prəˈsiʤərz. ˈkərəntli, ˈkæθlɪk ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz ənd hɛlθ kɛr ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz hæv rɪˈlɪʤəs ɪgˈzɛmpʃənz əˈgɛnst ˈmeɪkɪŋ əˈbɔrʃən rɪˈfərəlz ər biɪŋ fɔrst tɪ prəˈvaɪd əˈbɔrʃənz; ənd rɪˈlɪʤəs ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ðət əˈpoʊz ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ər nɑt rikˈwaɪərd tɪ əˈfɪʃiˌeɪt æt ðoʊz ˈwɛdɪŋz. səm ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz əv ˈkæθlɪk ənd ˈəðər rɪˈlɪʤəs grups hæv ɪkˈsprɛst kənˈsərn ˈoʊvər ðə ˌɪmˈpækt ðət ðə kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ɪˈroʊʒən əv rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfridəm prəˈtɛkʃənz maɪt hæv ɔn ðɛr əˈbɪləˌtiz tɪ ˈɔfər ˈʧɛrətəbəl, hɛlθ kɛr ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ˈmɪnɪstriz waɪl rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ tru tɪ ðɛr ˈtiʧɪŋz. ər wən ɪn dɪˈmændɪŋ ðət noʊ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪtɪzən ər ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən bi ˈleɪbəld baɪ ðɛr ˈgəvərnmənt ɛz ˈbɪgətɪd bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr rɪˈlɪʤəs vjuz, ənd dɪsˈmɪst frəm ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl laɪf əv ɑr ˈneɪʃən fər ˈhoʊldɪŋ ðoʊz views,”*,” seɪ ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈlidərz ənd ˈædvəˌkeɪts. jɛt ðət ɪz prɪˈsaɪsli wət ðə ˈsɪvəl raɪts kəˈmɪʃən rɪˈpɔrt does.”*.” ɪn hɪz 2015 ˈpæstərəl ˈlɛtər, ˈkæθlɪk təˈdeɪ: ˈkæθlɪk aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɪn ən eɪʤ əv challenge,’*,’ ˈkɑrdɪnəl ˈdɑnəld əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən wɔrnd: nu ˈɛfərt tɪ əˈbrɪʤ rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfridəm ɪz ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ðət wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈkæθlɪk skulz tɪ rɪˈteɪn ˈtiʧərz hu baɪ ðɛr wərdz ər ˈækʃənz ˈpəblɪkli ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkt ðə ˈtiʧɪŋz əv ðə church.”*.” ðə ˌɪntərˈfeɪθ leaders’*’ ˈlɛtər strɛst ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv rɪˈlɪʤəs grups ənd ˈpipəl əv feɪθ, laɪk ɔl əˈmɛrɪkənz, biɪŋ fri tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə dəˈbeɪt ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk skwɛr ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ lɔz ənd ˈpɑləsiz əˈfɛktɪŋ ðə ˈkɑmən gʊd. əv ˈjuˈɛs əˈpoʊzɪz ˈheɪtfəl ˈrɛtərɪk ənd ˈækʃənz. wi bɪˈliv ɪn ðə ɪkˈwɑləti əv ɔl əˈmɛrɪkənz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə lɔ, rəˈgɑrdləs əv krid ər community,”*,” ðə ˈlɛtər sɛd. ɪt ˈnoʊtɪd ðət səm ˈɑrgjəmənts pʊt fɔrθ baɪ rɪˈlɪʤəs grups hæv bɪn ““demonized”*” baɪ ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ˈəðərz. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ʃʊd nɑt ər distort”*” ðoʊz kənˈsərnz reɪzd baɪ rɪˈlɪʤəs grups, ðə ˈlɛtər sɛd. aɪˈdiəz ənd ˈɑrgjəmənts wɪθ wɪʧ wən dɪsəˈgriz ɛz ‘‘racism’*’ ər ‘‘phobia’*’ nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈʧipənz ðə ˈminɪŋ əv ðoʊz wərdz, bət kən hæv ə ˈʧɪlɪŋ ˈifɛkt ɔn ˈhɛlθi dəˈbeɪt ˈoʊvər, ər dɪˈsɛnt frəm, ðə prɪˈveɪlɪŋ orthodoxy,”*,” ðə ˈlidərz sɛd. əˈtæks ɔn dɪˈsɛnt hæv noʊ pleɪs ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, wɛr ɔl rɪˈlɪʤəs bɪˈlifs, ðə ˈfridəm tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs ðɛm, ənd ðə ˈfridəm tɪ lɪv baɪ ðɛm ər prəˈtɛktɪd baɪ ðə fərst amendment.”*.” ðə ˈlɛtər kˈwoʊtɪd ə 2006 spiʧ ɔn feɪθ ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks ˈgɪvɪn baɪ then-sen*. ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə əv ˌɪləˈnɔɪz, hu ˈnoʊtɪd ðət əˈmɛrɪkənz laɪk ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈdəgləs, ˈeɪbrəˌhæm ˈlɪŋkən, ˈdɔrθi deɪ ənd rɛv. ˈdɑktər. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ jr*. nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd baɪ feɪθ, bət rɪˈpitɪdli juzd rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈlæŋgwɪʤ tɪ ˈɑrgju fər ðɛr cause.”*.” ɪn ðət spiʧ, ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈnoʊtɪd, tɪ seɪ ðət mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən ʃʊd nɑt ˌɪnˈʤɛkt ðɛr morality’*’ ˈɪntu ˈpəblɪk ˈpɑləsi dəˈbeɪts ɪz ə ˈpræktɪkəl absurdity.”*.” ˈəðər rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈlidərz ˈsaɪnɪŋ ðə ˈlɛtər ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈrəsəl mʊr, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈɛθɪks ənd rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈlɪbərˌti kəˈmɪʃən əv ðə ˈsəðərn ˈbæptɪst kənˈvɛnʃən; ˈbɪʃəp fræŋk ˈmædɪsən rid əv ðə ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈmɛθədɪst ɪˈpɪskəpəl ʧərʧ; ˈdɑsə, ðə ˈgəvərnɪŋ ˈbɑdi kəˈmɪʃənər ənd ˈmɪnɪstər əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz fər ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl soʊˈsaɪɪti fər ˈkrɪʃnə ˈkɑnʃəsnəs; ˈbɪʃəp ˈgrɛgəri ʤɑn ˈmænsər əv ðə əv seɪnt mɑˈrɔn əv ˈbrʊklɪn; ənd ˈneɪθən ʤeɪ. diament*, ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər fər ˈpəblɪk ˈpɑləsi fər ðə ˈjunjən əv ˈɔrθəˌdɑks ʤuɪʃ ˌkɑŋgrəˈgeɪʃənz əv əˈmɛrɪkə. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsaɪnɪŋ ðə ˈlɛtər wər ˈʧɑrəlz heɪnz, vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut; rɑn ˈsaɪdər, ðə ˈfaʊndər əv ˌiˌvænˈʤɛlɪkəlz fər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈækʃən; ənd ˈtɑməs fɑr, dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfridəm ˈprɑʤɛkt æt ˈʤɔrʤˌtaʊn ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfridəm ˈɪnstɪˌtut. |
micheal jackson and several other artists plan to take on the pirate bay. the king of pop hired the infamous 'web sheriff' to protect his rights. "hey michael - do you want us to pay you in small kids maybe?" was the first response of pirate bay admin.
the web sheriff announced today that michael jackson joined the village people, and the rights holders of bob music, in an attempt to get compensation for the losses they allegedly suffered at the hands of the popular website.
pirate commented on the announcement by saying: “the common thing for all of these artists of course is that no one listens to them anymore.”
this is not the first time the sheriff, aka john giacobbi, has clashed with the pirate bay folks. last november he announced that he planned to sue them in the u.s., france and sweden for infringing the rights of prince.
web sheriff will demand $100 million dollars in compensation, slightly less than the asked for last week. adding them both together amounts to a record breaking claim. “the good thing about this is that we just broke lawsuit. maybe time to call guinness, we like to break world records and we just broke one i think,” writes.
in the meantime, the web sheriff is still trying to get abba on board. “it would also be if the members of abba could take up the fight against these pirates, as they personify the swedish music successes and are renowned ambassadors for sweden, contrary to the pirate bay.” he said previously.
again, disagrees, he sees the pirate bay as true ambassadors. “all over and other cool social networks there is always the comment “last place on earth with true freedom is sweden” or ‘i really want to move to sweden’,” he wrote a few months ago.
it will be interesting to see how this develops, for now, all the web sheriff has ever done is making threats. you would think that he must know by now that this has no effect on the pirate bay team. | ˈmaɪkəl ˈʤæksən ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðər ˈɑrtɪsts plæn tɪ teɪk ɔn ðə ˈpaɪrət beɪ. ðə kɪŋ əv pɑp haɪərd ðə ˈɪnfəməs 'wɛb ˈʃɛrɪf' tɪ prəˈtɛkt hɪz raɪts. "heɪ ˈmaɪkəl du ju wɔnt ˈjuˈɛs tɪ peɪ ju ɪn smɔl kɪdz ˈmeɪbi?" wɑz ðə fərst rɪˈspɑns əv ˈpaɪrət beɪ ˈædmɪn. ðə wɛb ˈʃɛrɪf əˈnaʊnst təˈdeɪ ðət ˈmaɪkəl ˈʤæksən ʤɔɪnd ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ ˈpipəl, ənd ðə raɪts ˈhoʊldərz əv bɑb mˈjuzɪk, ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ gɪt ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən fər ðə ˈlɔsɪz ðeɪ əˈlɛʤədli ˈsəfərd æt ðə hænz əv ðə ˈpɑpjələr ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ˈpaɪrət ˈkɑmɛntəd ɔn ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt baɪ seɪɪŋ: ˈkɑmən θɪŋ fər ɔl əv ðiz ˈɑrtɪsts əv kɔrs ɪz ðət noʊ wən ˈlɪsənz tɪ ðɛm anymore.”*.” ðɪs ɪz nɑt ðə fərst taɪm ðə ˈʃɛrɪf, ˈɑkə ʤɑn giacobbi*, həz klæʃt wɪθ ðə ˈpaɪrət beɪ foʊks. læst noʊˈvɛmbər hi əˈnaʊnst ðət hi plænd tɪ su ðɛm ɪn ðə juz., fræns ənd sˈwidən fər ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤɪŋ ðə raɪts əv prɪns. wɛb ˈʃɛrɪf wɪl dɪˈmænd 100 ˈmɪljən ˈdɔlərz ɪn ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən, sˈlaɪtli lɛs ðən ðə æst fər læst wik. ˈædɪŋ ðɛm boʊθ təˈgɛðər əˈmaʊnts tɪ ə ˈrɛkərd ˈbreɪkɪŋ kleɪm. gʊd θɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs ɪz ðət wi ʤɪst broʊk ˈlɔˌsut. ˈmeɪbi taɪm tɪ kɔl ˈgɪnəs, wi laɪk tɪ breɪk wərld ˈrɛkərdz ənd wi ʤɪst broʊk wən aɪ think,”*,” raɪts. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, ðə wɛb ˈʃɛrɪf ɪz stɪl traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt ˈæbə ɔn bɔrd. wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi ɪf ðə ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈæbə kʊd teɪk əp ðə faɪt əˈgɛnst ðiz ˈpaɪrəts, ɛz ðeɪ pərˈsɑnəˌfaɪ ðə sˈwidɪʃ mˈjuzɪk səkˈsɛsɪz ənd ər rɪˈnaʊnd æmˈbæsədərz fər sˈwidən, ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ ðə ˈpaɪrət bay.”*.” hi sɛd ˈpriviəsli. əˈgɛn, dɪsəˈgriz, hi siz ðə ˈpaɪrət beɪ ɛz tru æmˈbæsədərz. ˈoʊvər ənd ˈəðər kul ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərks ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ðə ˈkɑmɛnt pleɪs ɔn ərθ wɪθ tru ˈfridəm ɪz sweden”*” ər ˈrɪli wɔnt tɪ muv tɪ sweden’,”*’,” hi roʊt ə fju mənθs əˈgoʊ. ɪt wɪl bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ si haʊ ðɪs dɪˈvɛləps, fər naʊ, ɔl ðə wɛb ˈʃɛrɪf həz ˈɛvər dən ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ θrɛts. ju wʊd θɪŋk ðət hi məst noʊ baɪ naʊ ðət ðɪs həz noʊ ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə ˈpaɪrət beɪ tim. |
a hacker group has successfully ported siri over to iphone and ipod touches, marking the beginning of what could be a "whack a mole" response from apple as it attempts to block the "killer feature."
the crack comes courtesy steve and grant paul, who published their achievement via the twitters, complete with (9to5mac interviewed the pair last night with additional details).
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according to, the hack was created with a single line of code and a barrage of changes. details of the hack are forthcoming, he said, once it's confirmed to work with the iphone 4 and ipod touch in such a way that does break everything in a spectacular fashion. no release date for the siri hack was given.
that apple has probably taken note of this (even in private) is an siri is at the center of the current iphone marketing campaign. this "exclusive" feature appears to be anything but. [appleinsider] | ə ˈhækər grup həz səkˈsɛsfəli ˈpɔrtɪd ˈsɪri ˈoʊvər tɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn ənd ˈaɪˌpɔd ˈtəʧɪz, ˈmɑrkɪŋ ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv wət kʊd bi ə "wæk ə moʊl" rɪˈspɑns frəm ˈæpəl ɛz ɪt əˈtɛmpts tɪ blɑk ðə "ˈkɪlər ˈfiʧər." ðə kræk kəmz ˈkərtəsi stiv ənd grænt pɔl, hu ˈpəblɪʃt ðɛr əˈʧivmənt ˈviə ðə twitters*, kəmˈplit wɪθ ˈɪntərvˌjud ðə pɛr læst naɪt wɪθ əˈdɪʃənəl ˈditeɪlz). ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ðə hæk wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl laɪn əv koʊd ənd ə bərɑʒ əv ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ˈditeɪlz əv ðə hæk ər ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ, hi sɛd, wəns ɪts kənˈfərmd tɪ wərk wɪθ ðə ˈaɪˌfoʊn 4 ənd ˈaɪˌpɔd təʧ ɪn səʧ ə weɪ ðət dɪz breɪk ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪn ə spɛkˈtækjələr ˈfæʃən. noʊ riˈlis deɪt fər ðə ˈsɪri hæk wɑz ˈgɪvɪn. ðət ˈæpəl həz ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈteɪkən noʊt əv ðɪs (ˈivɪn ɪn ˈpraɪvət) ɪz ən ˈsɪri ɪz æt ðə ˈsɛnər əv ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈaɪˌfoʊn ˈmɑrkətɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn. ðɪs "ɪkˈsklusɪv" ˈfiʧər əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bət. [appleinsider*] |
by by ralph lopez feb 21, 2013 in world the newtown, connecticut town clerk is seeking to deny newspapers from viewing public record death certificates of sandy hook victims, according to the newtown bee. the new york post, the connecticut post, the associated press, the hartford courant, and other media have put forth requests for official death certificates of sandy hook victims, "that would provide the press and public with limited directory information from death and marriage records, but would withhold the actual death and marriage certificates." death certificates are part of vital public records, which also include birth and marriage certificates. they are public domain documents used, ultimately, to determine official recognition of presence or past presence in civil society. they also serve as a mechanism for upholding the integrity of information in which there is a public interest, as it relates to voting, citizenship, and receiving public benefits. abuses of voting processes involving voters who, unbeknownst to the public, are actually dead, are legendary. death certificates typically contain little information about manner of death beyond categories such as "natural cause," "homicide," "accident," "suicide," or "other." news organizations utilize such records in crime reporting as a standard part of normal, often tedious, procedures. death certificates also contain the sworn statement of the medical examiner. the newtown bee stated: "ms said she has received requests for death certificates and other proprietary information from the new york post , the connecticut post , the associated press and the hartford courant among others." "some are also requesting all my e-mail correspondence and text messages related to," she said." according to the newtown bee, assistant town clerk renee weimann said "i feel my responsibility to protect these victims. been through enough.” last december 14th, 20 children and 8 adults died in a shooting rampage by alleged shooter adam lanza. ms and members of her staff testified in favor of such a bill at a hearing of the state's public health committee last february 20th. the law would also exclude members of the public who are not "immediate agency/attorney" from viewing the records, according to the newtown bee. the bee reported that the media and other sources have been making the requests under existing freedom of information act laws. media can take local, state, and federal government agencies to court over failure to comply with requests for information. the move comes as the public awaits the answers to questions such as whether or not alleged shooter adam lanza "identify persons cooperating with the investigation, thus possibly jeopardizing their personal safety and well-being." yesterday the hartford courant ran a report in which jim smith, president of the connecticut council on freedom of information, said a death certificate is a factual document that lacks the details of an autopsy report. the “there anything in a death certificate that is going to hurt the not like an autopsy report. been public for centuries. not going to invade privacy.’’ ct state representatives and carter, and newtown town clerk, all argued, the clerk maintains that access to vital records such as death and marriage certificates should be limited to immediate family members or their representatives, and has undertaken to change present new york post, the connecticut post, the associated press, the hartford courant, and other media have put forth requests for official death certificates of sandy hook victims, the newton bee report says . newtown town clerk debbie says she is working with state representatives dan carter mitch , and the leadership of the state association of town clerks to craft state legislation death certificates are part of vital public records, which also include birth and marriage certificates. they are public domain documents used, ultimately, to determine official recognition of presence or past presence in civil society. they also serve as a mechanism for upholding the integrity of information in which there is a public interest, as it relates to voting, citizenship, and receiving public benefits. abuses of voting processes involving voters who, unbeknownst to the public, are actually dead, are certificates typically contain little information about manner of death beyond categories such as "natural cause," "homicide," "accident," "suicide," or "other." news organizations utilize such records in crime reporting as a standard part of normal, often tedious, procedures. death certificates also contain the sworn statement of the medical newtown bee to the newtown bee, assistant town clerk renee weimann said "i feel my responsibility to protect these victims. been through enough.” last december 14th, 20 children and 8 adults died in a shooting rampage by alleged shooter adam and members of her staff testified in favor of such a bill at a hearing of the state's public health committee last february 20th. the law would also exclude members of the public who are not "immediate agency/attorney" from viewing the records, according to the newtown bee reported that the media and other sources have been making the requests under existing freedom of information act laws. media can take local, state, and federal government agencies to court over failure to comply with requests for move comes as the public awaits the answers to questions such as whether or not alleged shooter adam lanza was on any psychiatric medications , especially those known as which some psychiatrists maintain have been associated with thousands of incidents of random violence, and have a causal effect. also lacking is any further elaboration on a connecticut state's attorney's statement last december, in a court motion, that there may be other "potential suspects," and that revealing certain evidence at this time might "seriously jeopardize" the investigation. connecticut state's attorney stephen also said that revealing certain evidence at this time the hartford courant ran a report in which jim smith, president of the connecticut council on freedom of information, said a death certificate is a factual document that lacks the details of an autopsy report. the courant quotes smith state representatives and carter, and newtown town clerk, all argued, according to the courant , that identify theft was a concern, since the maiden name of the mother is on death certificates. however, this is also on birth certificates, which are not a target of the trio. also, the proposed legislation would seal the death records only of minors under 18. it is unclear why identity thieves would not merely steal the identities of people over that age. more about sandy hook, stephen,, antidepressants, media sandy hook stephen antidepressants media mainstream media | baɪ baɪ rælf ˈloʊpɛz ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri 21 2013 ɪn wərld ðə ˈnuˌtaʊn, kəˈnɛtəkət taʊn klərk ɪz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz frəm vjuɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛkərd dɛθ sərˈtɪfɪkəts əv ˈsændi hʊk ˈvɪktɪmz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈnuˌtaʊn bi. ðə nu jɔrk poʊst, ðə kəˈnɛtəkət poʊst, ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs, ðə ˈhɑrtfərd ˈkʊrənt, ənd ˈəðər ˈmidiə hæv pʊt fɔrθ rɪkˈwɛsts fər əˈfɪʃəl dɛθ sərˈtɪfɪkəts əv ˈsændi hʊk ˈvɪktɪmz, "ðət wʊd prəˈvaɪd ðə prɛs ənd ˈpəblɪk wɪθ ˈlɪmɪtɪd dɪˈrɛktəri ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm dɛθ ənd ˈmɛrɪʤ ˈrɛkərdz, bət wʊd wɪθˈhoʊld ðə ˈækʧəwəl dɛθ ənd ˈmɛrɪʤ sərˈtɪfɪkəts." dɛθ sərˈtɪfɪkəts ər pɑrt əv ˈvaɪtəl ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛkərdz, wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈklud bərθ ənd ˈmɛrɪʤ sərˈtɪfɪkəts. ðeɪ ər ˈpəblɪk doʊˈmeɪn ˈdɑkjəmənts juzd, ˈəltəmətli, tɪ dɪˈtərmən əˈfɪʃəl ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən əv ˈprɛzəns ər pæst ˈprɛzəns ɪn ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ sərv ɛz ə ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm fər əˈphoʊldɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn wɪʧ ðɛr ɪz ə ˈpəblɪk ˈɪntəˌrɛst, ɛz ɪt rɪˈleɪts tɪ ˈvoʊtɪŋ, ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp, ənd rɪˈsivɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ˈbɛnəfɪts. əˈbjuzɪz əv ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈprɑsɛsəz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈvoʊtərz hu, ənbiˈnoʊnst tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk, ər ˈæˌkʧuəli dɛd, ər ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri. dɛθ sərˈtɪfɪkəts ˈtɪpɪkəli kənˈteɪn ˈlɪtəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˈmænər əv dɛθ bɪɔnd ˈkætəˌgɔriz səʧ ɛz "ˈnæʧərəl kɔz," "ˈhɑməˌsaɪd," "ˈæksədənt," "ˈsuɪˌsaɪd," ər "ˈəðər." nuz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ˈjutəˌlaɪz səʧ ˈrɛkərdz ɪn kraɪm rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ɛz ə ˈstændərd pɑrt əv ˈnɔrməl, ˈɔfən ˈtidiəs, prəˈsiʤərz. dɛθ sərˈtɪfɪkəts ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈteɪn ðə swɔrn ˈsteɪtmənt əv ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ɪgˈzæmənər. ðə ˈnuˌtaʊn bi ˈsteɪtɪd: "mɪz sɛd ʃi həz rɪˈsivd rɪkˈwɛsts fər dɛθ sərˈtɪfɪkəts ənd ˈəðər prəˈpraɪəˌtɛri ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm ðə nu jɔrk poʊst ðə kəˈnɛtəkət poʊst ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs ənd ðə ˈhɑrtfərd ˈkʊrənt əˈməŋ ˈəðərz." "səm ər ˈɔlsoʊ rɪkˈwɛstɪŋ ɔl maɪ ˈiˌmeɪl ˌkɔrəˈspɑndəns ənd tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ʃi sɛd." əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈnuˌtaʊn bi, əˈsɪstənt taʊn klərk rəˈneɪ ˈwaɪmən sɛd "aɪ fil maɪ riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðiz ˈvɪktɪmz. bɪn θru enough.”*.” læst dɪˈsɛmbər 14th*, 20 ˈʧɪldrən ənd 8 ˈædəlts daɪd ɪn ə ˈʃutɪŋ ˈræmˌpeɪʤ baɪ əˈlɛʤd ˈʃutər ˈædəm ˈlænzə. mɪz ənd ˈmɛmbərz əv hər stæf ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv səʧ ə bɪl æt ə ˈhirɪŋ əv ðə steɪts ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ kəˈmɪti læst ˈfɛbruˌɛri 20th*. ðə lɔ wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈsklud ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈpəblɪk hu ər nɑt "ˌɪˈmiˌdiət agency/attorney*" frəm vjuɪŋ ðə ˈrɛkərdz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈnuˌtaʊn bi. ðə bi ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə ˈmidiə ənd ˈəðər ˈsɔrsəz hæv bɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə rɪkˈwɛsts ˈəndər ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ækt lɔz. ˈmidiə kən teɪk ˈloʊkəl, steɪt, ənd ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz tɪ kɔrt ˈoʊvər ˈfeɪljər tɪ kəmˈplaɪ wɪθ rɪkˈwɛsts fər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ðə muv kəmz ɛz ðə ˈpəblɪk əˈweɪts ðə ˈænsərz tɪ kˈwɛsʧənz səʧ ɛz ˈwɛðər ər nɑt əˈlɛʤd ˈʃutər ˈædəm ˈlænzə "aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈpərsənz koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ðəs ˈpɑsəbli ˈʤɛpərˌdaɪzɪŋ ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl ˈseɪfti ənd ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ." ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ðə ˈhɑrtfərd ˈkʊrənt ræn ə rɪˈpɔrt ɪn wɪʧ ʤɪm smɪθ, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə kəˈnɛtəkət ˈkaʊnsəl ɔn ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, sɛd ə dɛθ sərˈtɪfɪkət ɪz ə ˈfækʧuəl ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ðət læks ðə ˈditeɪlz əv ən ˈɔˌtɑpsi rɪˈpɔrt. ðə ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪn ə dɛθ sərˈtɪfɪkət ðət ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ hərt ðə nɑt laɪk ən ˈɔˌtɑpsi rɪˈpɔrt. bɪn ˈpəblɪk fər ˈsɛnʧəriz. nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈveɪd privacy.’’*.’’ kɔrt steɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ənd ˈkɑrtər, ənd ˈnuˌtaʊn taʊn klərk, ɔl ˈɑrgjud, ðə klərk meɪnˈteɪnz ðət ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈvaɪtəl ˈrɛkərdz səʧ ɛz dɛθ ənd ˈmɛrɪʤ sərˈtɪfɪkəts ʃʊd bi ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz ər ðɛr ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz, ənd həz ˈəndərˌteɪkən tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈprɛzənt nu jɔrk poʊst, ðə kəˈnɛtəkət poʊst, ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs, ðə ˈhɑrtfərd ˈkʊrənt, ənd ˈəðər ˈmidiə hæv pʊt fɔrθ rɪkˈwɛsts fər əˈfɪʃəl dɛθ sərˈtɪfɪkəts əv ˈsændi hʊk ˈvɪktɪmz, ðə ˈnutən bi rɪˈpɔrt sɪz ˈnuˌtaʊn taʊn klərk ˈdɛbi sɪz ʃi ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ steɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz dæn ˈkɑrtər mɪʧ ənd ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp əv ðə steɪt əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv taʊn klərks tɪ kræft steɪt ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən dɛθ sərˈtɪfɪkəts ər pɑrt əv ˈvaɪtəl ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛkərdz, wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈklud bərθ ənd ˈmɛrɪʤ sərˈtɪfɪkəts. ðeɪ ər ˈpəblɪk doʊˈmeɪn ˈdɑkjəmənts juzd, ˈəltəmətli, tɪ dɪˈtərmən əˈfɪʃəl ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən əv ˈprɛzəns ər pæst ˈprɛzəns ɪn ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ sərv ɛz ə ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm fər əˈphoʊldɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn wɪʧ ðɛr ɪz ə ˈpəblɪk ˈɪntəˌrɛst, ɛz ɪt rɪˈleɪts tɪ ˈvoʊtɪŋ, ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp, ənd rɪˈsivɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ˈbɛnəfɪts. əˈbjuzɪz əv ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈprɑsɛsəz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈvoʊtərz hu, ənbiˈnoʊnst tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk, ər ˈæˌkʧuəli dɛd, ər sərˈtɪfɪkəts ˈtɪpɪkəli kənˈteɪn ˈlɪtəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ˈmænər əv dɛθ bɪɔnd ˈkætəˌgɔriz səʧ ɛz "ˈnæʧərəl kɔz," "ˈhɑməˌsaɪd," "ˈæksədənt," "ˈsuɪˌsaɪd," ər "ˈəðər." nuz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ˈjutəˌlaɪz səʧ ˈrɛkərdz ɪn kraɪm rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ɛz ə ˈstændərd pɑrt əv ˈnɔrməl, ˈɔfən ˈtidiəs, prəˈsiʤərz. dɛθ sərˈtɪfɪkəts ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈteɪn ðə swɔrn ˈsteɪtmənt əv ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈnuˌtaʊn bi tɪ ðə ˈnuˌtaʊn bi, əˈsɪstənt taʊn klərk rəˈneɪ ˈwaɪmən sɛd "aɪ fil maɪ riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðiz ˈvɪktɪmz. bɪn θru enough.”*.” læst dɪˈsɛmbər 14th*, 20 ˈʧɪldrən ənd 8 ˈædəlts daɪd ɪn ə ˈʃutɪŋ ˈræmˌpeɪʤ baɪ əˈlɛʤd ˈʃutər ˈædəm ənd ˈmɛmbərz əv hər stæf ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv səʧ ə bɪl æt ə ˈhirɪŋ əv ðə steɪts ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ kəˈmɪti læst ˈfɛbruˌɛri 20th*. ðə lɔ wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈsklud ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈpəblɪk hu ər nɑt "ˌɪˈmiˌdiət agency/attorney*" frəm vjuɪŋ ðə ˈrɛkərdz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈnuˌtaʊn bi ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə ˈmidiə ənd ˈəðər ˈsɔrsəz hæv bɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə rɪkˈwɛsts ˈəndər ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ækt lɔz. ˈmidiə kən teɪk ˈloʊkəl, steɪt, ənd ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz tɪ kɔrt ˈoʊvər ˈfeɪljər tɪ kəmˈplaɪ wɪθ rɪkˈwɛsts fər muv kəmz ɛz ðə ˈpəblɪk əˈweɪts ðə ˈænsərz tɪ kˈwɛsʧənz səʧ ɛz ˈwɛðər ər nɑt əˈlɛʤd ˈʃutər ˈædəm ˈlænzə wɑz ɔn ˈɛni ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃənz əˈspɛʃəli ðoʊz noʊn ɛz wɪʧ səm səˈkaɪətrəsts meɪnˈteɪn hæv bɪn əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈɪnsədənts əv ˈrændəm ˈvaɪələns, ənd hæv ə ˈkɔzəl ˈifɛkt. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlækɪŋ ɪz ˈɛni ˈfərðər ɪˌlæbərˈeɪʃən ɔn ə kəˈnɛtəkət steɪts əˈtərniz ˈsteɪtmənt læst dɪˈsɛmbər, ɪn ə kɔrt ˈmoʊʃən, ðət ðɛr meɪ bi ˈəðər "pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈsəˌspɛkts," ənd ðət rɪˈvilɪŋ ˈsərtən ˈɛvədəns æt ðɪs taɪm maɪt "ˈsɪriəsli ˈʤɛpərˌdaɪz" ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. kəˈnɛtəkət steɪts əˈtərni ˈstivən ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðət rɪˈvilɪŋ ˈsərtən ˈɛvədəns æt ðɪs taɪm ðə ˈhɑrtfərd ˈkʊrənt ræn ə rɪˈpɔrt ɪn wɪʧ ʤɪm smɪθ, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə kəˈnɛtəkət ˈkaʊnsəl ɔn ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, sɛd ə dɛθ sərˈtɪfɪkət ɪz ə ˈfækʧuəl ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ðət læks ðə ˈditeɪlz əv ən ˈɔˌtɑpsi rɪˈpɔrt. ðə ˈkʊrənt kwoʊts smɪθ steɪt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ənd ˈkɑrtər, ənd ˈnuˌtaʊn taʊn klərk, ɔl ˈɑrgjud, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈkʊrənt ðət aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ θɛft wɑz ə kənˈsərn, sɪns ðə ˈmeɪdən neɪm əv ðə ˈməðər ɪz ɔn dɛθ sərˈtɪfɪkəts. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ɔn bərθ sərˈtɪfɪkəts, wɪʧ ər nɑt ə ˈtərgət əv ðə ˈtriˌoʊ. ˈɔlsoʊ, ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən wʊd sil ðə dɛθ ˈrɛkərdz ˈoʊnli əv ˈmaɪnərz ˈəndər 18 ɪt ɪz ənˈklɪr waɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌti θivz wʊd nɑt ˈmɪrli stil ðə aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz əv ˈpipəl ˈoʊvər ðət eɪʤ. mɔr əˈbaʊt ˈsændi hʊk, ˈstivən,, ˌænˌtidɪˈprɛsənts, ˈmidiə ˈsændi hʊk ˈstivən ˌænˌtidɪˈprɛsənts ˈmidiə ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈmidiə |
'baahubali the beginning' produced by and directed by s s won the at the awards which were announced on monday. the telugu film industry is the most prolific film industry in the world itself. if india produces the most number of films, it is telugu films in the country which top the available show that between april 2013 and march 2014, a total of 1966 films were made in india. out of this, 349 were telugu films, topping the list of films that the long drought of the coveted best national film award had eluded the telugu film industry, the producer ofbaahubali��� was naturally elated after the award was the national award for the best film is a huge achievement. being the first telugu film to do so makes it all the more special!��� producer ofbaahubali��� said. prasad and k rao are the other producers of the epic movie set in the mythicalmahismathi��� kingdom in india wowed audiences across india and abroad too. made with an estimated budget of 120, it is said the film garnered revenue up to 600 film fascinated audiences because of its visual effects. the fact that producer acknowledged srinivas mohan who oversaw the visual effects speaks for the visual delight the movie was. the award means recognition for the best director award, however, has eluded s s who has literally worked magic at the with the late in the afternoon, did not react about the national award on his twitter account. his last tweet was on march 25 appreciating the released recently film 'oopiri' starring and directed by vamsi. the lead actor of the film all the congratulatory messages which poured in, including from shetty, who also featured in the film. another actor rana who also featured in the movie was excited about the film getting the bhatia was also all excited about' winning the award.congratulations to our lovely team,��� she tweeted.this is awesome, awesome, awesome,��� said well-known director about' winning the best national film award. actresses samantha ruth also congratulated the also congratulated the team.congratulations to team and scoring the prestigious national award for the best film. a big win for telugu cinema,��� he announcement of the national film awards brought cheer to also as the film that he directedkanche��� won the best film in telugu category. the film produced by y reddy and j sai babu featured and jaiswal.'kanche' came as a refreshing change on the telugu screen as it was set in the 1930s. the film woven around world and has love as the primary theme. the protagonist joins the british indian army and comes out as strong drama. part of the film was shot in was made with a budget of 21 reportedly made double its investment. for three years from, there was no award given for best film in telugu but from the years 2012 till date, a telugu film was able to get a best telugu film award. if the jury considers that none of the films submitted are good enough, they do not give a best film award in the regional language films category. | 'baahubali* ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ' prəˈdust baɪ ənd dɪˈrɛktɪd baɪ ɛs ɛs wən ðə æt ðə əˈwɔrdz wɪʧ wər əˈnaʊnst ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ. ðə ˈtɛlʊgu fɪlm ˈɪndəstri ɪz ðə moʊst proʊˈlɪfɪk fɪlm ˈɪndəstri ɪn ðə wərld ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ɪf ˈɪndiə prəˈdusɪz ðə moʊst ˈnəmbər əv fɪlmz, ɪt ɪz ˈtɛlʊgu fɪlmz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri wɪʧ tɔp ðə əˈveɪləbəl ʃoʊ ðət bɪtˈwin ˈeɪprəl 2013 ənd mɑrʧ 2014 ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 1966 fɪlmz wər meɪd ɪn ˈɪndiə. aʊt əv ðɪs, 349 wər ˈtɛlʊgu fɪlmz, ˈtɑpɪŋ ðə lɪst əv fɪlmz ðət ðə lɔŋ draʊt əv ðə ˈkəvətɪd bɛst ˈnæʃənəl fɪlm əˈwɔrd hæd ɪˈludɪd ðə ˈtɛlʊgu fɪlm ˈɪndəstri, ðə prəˈdusər əv ������baahubali���*��� wɑz ˈnæʧərəli ɪˈleɪtɪd ˈæftər ðə əˈwɔrd wɑz ðə ˈnæʃənəl əˈwɔrd fər ðə bɛst fɪlm ɪz ə juʤ əˈʧivmənt. biɪŋ ðə fərst ˈtɛlʊgu fɪlm tɪ du soʊ meɪks ɪt ɔl ðə mɔr special!���*!��� prəˈdusər əv ������baahubali���*��� sɛd. ˈpræsəd ənd keɪ raʊ ər ðə ˈəðər prəˈdusərz əv ðə ˈɛpɪk ˈmuvi sɛt ɪn ðə ˈmɪθɪkəl ������mahismathi���*��� ˈkɪŋdəm ɪn ˈɪndiə waʊd ˈɔdiənsəz əˈkrɔs ˈɪndiə ənd əˈbrɔd tu. meɪd wɪθ ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈbəʤɪt əv 120, ɪt ɪz sɛd ðə fɪlm ˈgɑrnərd ˈrɛvəˌnu əp tɪ 600 fɪlm ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪd ˈɔdiənsəz bɪˈkəz əv ɪts ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈifɛkts. ðə fækt ðət prəˈdusər ækˈnɑlɪʤd sˈrinɪˌvɑs ˈmoʊhɑn hu ˈoʊvərˌsɔ ðə ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈifɛkts spiks fər ðə ˈvɪʒəwəl dɪˈlaɪt ðə ˈmuvi wɑz. ðə əˈwɔrd minz ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən fər ðə bɛst dɪˈrɛktər əˈwɔrd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, həz ɪˈludɪd ɛs ɛs hu həz ˈlɪtərəli wərkt ˈmæʤɪk æt ðə wɪθ ðə leɪt ɪn ðə ˌæftərˈnun, dɪd nɑt riækt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈnæʃənəl əˈwɔrd ɔn hɪz tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnt. hɪz læst twit wɑz ɔn mɑrʧ 25 əˈpriʃiˌeɪtɪŋ ðə riˈlist ˈrisəntli fɪlm 'oopiri*' ˈstɑrɪŋ ənd dɪˈrɛktɪd baɪ vamsi*. ðə lɛd ˈæktər əv ðə fɪlm ɔl ðə kənˈgræʧələˌtɔri ˈmɛsɪʤɪz wɪʧ pɔrd ɪn, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ frəm shetty*, hu ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfiʧərd ɪn ðə fɪlm. əˈnəðər ˈæktər ˈrænə hu ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfiʧərd ɪn ðə ˈmuvi wɑz ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt ðə fɪlm ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə ˈbɑʃə wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ɔl ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt' ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə əˈwɔrd. tɪ ɑr ˈləvli team,���*,��� ʃi tweeted*. ɪz ˈɔsəm, ˈɔsəm, awesome,���*,��� sɛd ˈwɛlˈnoʊn dɪˈrɛktər əˈbaʊt' ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə bɛst ˈnæʃənəl fɪlm əˈwɔrd. ˈæktrəsɪz səˈmænθə ruθ ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈgræʧəˌleɪtɪd ðə ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈgræʧəˌleɪtɪd ðə tim. tɪ tim ənd ˈskɔrɪŋ ðə pərˈstiʤəs ˈnæʃənəl əˈwɔrd fər ðə bɛst fɪlm. ə bɪg wɪn fər ˈtɛlʊgu cinema,���*,��� hi əˈnaʊnsmɛnt əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl fɪlm əˈwɔrdz brɔt ʧɪr tɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ɛz ðə fɪlm ðət hi dɪˈrɛktɪd ������kanche���*��� wən ðə bɛst fɪlm ɪn ˈtɛlʊgu ˈkætəˌgɔri. ðə fɪlm prəˈdust baɪ waɪ ˈrɛdi ənd ʤeɪ ˈɛˈseɪˈaɪ bɑˈbu ˈfiʧərd ənd jaiswal.'kanche*' keɪm ɛz ə rɪˈfrɛʃɪŋ ʧeɪnʤ ɔn ðə ˈtɛlʊgu skrin ɛz ɪt wɑz sɛt ɪn ðə 1930s*. ðə fɪlm ˈwoʊvən əraʊnd wərld ənd həz ləv ɛz ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri θim. ðə proʊˈtægənəst ʤɔɪnz ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɪndiən ˈɑrmi ənd kəmz aʊt ɛz strɔŋ ˈdrɑmə. pɑrt əv ðə fɪlm wɑz ʃɑt ɪn wɑz meɪd wɪθ ə ˈbəʤɪt əv 21 rɪˈpɔrtədli meɪd ˈdəbəl ɪts ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt. fər θri jɪrz frəm ðɛr wɑz noʊ əˈwɔrd ˈgɪvɪn fər bɛst fɪlm ɪn ˈtɛlʊgu bət frəm ðə jɪrz 2012 tɪl deɪt, ə ˈtɛlʊgu fɪlm wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ gɪt ə bɛst ˈtɛlʊgu fɪlm əˈwɔrd. ɪf ðə ˈʤʊri kənˈsɪdərz ðət nən əv ðə fɪlmz səbˈmɪtəd ər gʊd ɪˈnəf, ðeɪ du nɑt gɪv ə bɛst fɪlm əˈwɔrd ɪn ðə ˈriʤənəl ˈlæŋgwɪʤ fɪlmz ˈkætəˌgɔri. |
fifty-four years after he accidentally wandered across the eastern frontier into india following the 1962 war with china, a chinese soldier has returned home to to a welcome.
“i’m finally home!” wang qi (77) sobbed as he arrived at’s airport in an emotional reunion carried on state television in china.
“today is my happiest day in 54 years. finally i have come back to this beautiful lovely country. words cannot express how i feel now,” he said as he hugged his tearful brothers and sisters.
he was accompanied by his son, vishnu wang (35), daughter-in-law and grand-daughter, wang. his indian wife shushila, however, stayed behind in india as she was ill.
building roads
mr wang had been a surveyor with the chinese military following the brief war with india in 1962 and had been building roads for the chinese army when he strayed into indian territory at assam.
“i had gone out of my camp for a stroll but lost my way. i was tired and hungry. i saw an indian red cross vehicle and asked them to help me. they handed me over to the indian army,” he said.
mr wang was moved around between various jails for seven years after he was jailed for espionage, before his release in 1969.
he ended up in a remote village in the central indian state of pradesh, where he married and worked in a flour mill, living in poverty and sending many letters to his family in shaanxi province expressing his desire to come home.
mr wang began the process of applying for the necessary documents to leave india in 1977, but he only received a passport in 2013. he was never granted indian citizenship.
finally back
it was a report by the bbc that highlighted his plight on chinese social media and expedited efforts to get him a passport.
arriving in his home city of xianyang, he was met by crowds carrying banners. the reunion took place on the same day as lantern festival, a day that traditionally represents reunion.
“after all these years, he is finally back,” wang shun, who had prepared a quilt for mr wang, told the xinhua news agency. “we bought the furniture in this room many years ago.”
a local villager wang ming said mr wang had not changed much.
“i can still recognise him . . . all of us in the village have been waiting for his return, and we are just happy that he made it.” | fifty-four* jɪrz ˈæftər hi ˌæksəˈdɛnəli ˈwɑndərd əˈkrɔs ðə ˈistərn frənˈtɪr ˈɪntu ˈɪndiə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə 1962 wɔr wɪθ ˈʧaɪnə, ə ʧaɪˈniz ˈsoʊlʤər həz rɪˈtərnd hoʊm tɪ tɪ ə ˈwɛlkəm. ˈfaɪnəli home!”*!” wæŋ ki 77 sɑbd ɛz hi əraɪvd æt ˈɛrˌpɔrt ɪn ən ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl riˈunjən ˈkɛrid ɔn steɪt ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ɪn ˈʧaɪnə. ɪz maɪ ˈhæpiəst deɪ ɪn 54 jɪrz. ˈfaɪnəli aɪ hæv kəm bæk tɪ ðɪs ˈbjutəfəl ˈləvli ˈkəntri. wərdz ˈkænɑt ɪkˈsprɛs haʊ aɪ fil now,”*,” hi sɛd ɛz hi həgd hɪz ˈtɪrfəl ˈbrəðərz ənd ˈsɪstərz. hi wɑz əˈkəmpənid baɪ hɪz sən, ˈvɪʃnu wæŋ 35 ˈdɔtərɪnˌlɔ ənd ˈgrænˌdɔtər, wæŋ. hɪz ˈɪndiən waɪf shushila*, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, steɪd bɪˈhaɪnd ɪn ˈɪndiə ɛz ʃi wɑz ɪl. ˈbɪldɪŋ roʊdz ˈmɪstər wæŋ hæd bɪn ə ˈsərˌveɪər wɪθ ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə brif wɔr wɪθ ˈɪndiə ɪn 1962 ənd hæd bɪn ˈbɪldɪŋ roʊdz fər ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˈɑrmi wɪn hi streɪd ˈɪntu ˈɪndiən ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri æt ˌɑˈsɑm. hæd gɔn aʊt əv maɪ kæmp fər ə stroʊl bət lɔst maɪ weɪ. aɪ wɑz taɪərd ənd ˈhəŋgri. aɪ sɔ ən ˈɪndiən rɛd krɔs ˈviɪkəl ənd æst ðɛm tɪ hɛlp mi. ðeɪ ˈhændɪd mi ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə ˈɪndiən army,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈmɪstər wæŋ wɑz muvd əraʊnd bɪtˈwin ˈvɛriəs ʤeɪlz fər ˈsɛvən jɪrz ˈæftər hi wɑz ʤeɪld fər ˈɛspiənɑʤ, ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz riˈlis ɪn 1969 hi ˈɛndɪd əp ɪn ə rɪˈmoʊt ˈvɪlɪʤ ɪn ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈɪndiən steɪt əv prəˈdɛʃ, wɛr hi ˈmɛrid ənd wərkt ɪn ə flaʊər mɪl, ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈpɑvərti ənd ˈsɛndɪŋ ˈmɛni ˈlɛtərz tɪ hɪz ˈfæməli ɪn ˈʃɑŋksi ˈprɑvɪns ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ hɪz dɪˈzaɪər tɪ kəm hoʊm. ˈmɪstər wæŋ bɪˈgæn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv əˈplaɪɪŋ fər ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈdɑkjəmənts tɪ liv ˈɪndiə ɪn 1977 bət hi ˈoʊnli rɪˈsivd ə ˈpæˌspɔrt ɪn 2013 hi wɑz ˈnɛvər ˈgrænɪd ˈɪndiən ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp. ˈfaɪnəli bæk ɪt wɑz ə rɪˈpɔrt baɪ ðə ˌbibiˈsi ðət ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd hɪz plaɪt ɔn ʧaɪˈniz ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ənd ˈɛkspɪˌdaɪtɪd ˈɛfərts tɪ gɪt ɪm ə ˈpæˌspɔrt. ərˈaɪvɪŋ ɪn hɪz hoʊm ˈsɪti əv xianyang*, hi wɑz mɛt baɪ kraʊdz ˈkɛriɪŋ ˈbænərz. ðə riˈunjən tʊk pleɪs ɔn ðə seɪm deɪ ɛz ˈlæntərn ˈfɛstɪvəl, ə deɪ ðət trəˈdɪʃənəli ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts riˈunjən. ɔl ðiz jɪrz, hi ɪz ˈfaɪnəli back,”*,” wæŋ ʃən, hu hæd priˈpɛrd ə kwɪlt fər ˈmɪstər wæŋ, toʊld ðə ˈzɪnhjuə nuz ˈeɪʤənsi. bɔt ðə ˈfərnɪʧər ɪn ðɪs rum ˈmɛni jɪrz ago.”*.” ə ˈloʊkəl ˈvɪlɪʤər wæŋ mɪŋ sɛd ˈmɪstər wæŋ hæd nɑt ʧeɪnʤd məʧ. kən stɪl ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ɪm ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ hæv bɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ fər hɪz rɪˈtərn, ənd wi ər ʤɪst ˈhæpi ðət hi meɪd it.”*.” |
p30 billion out of the proposed billion for labs for grade 11 and 12 students will be realigned to fund the free tuition law next year
published pm, september 27, 2017
manila, philippines grade 11 and 12 students under the track will be at a disadvantage following the realignment of billion of the proposed 2018 budget of the department of education (deped) to fund the free tuition law.
this is because around laboratories set to be built in 2018 will no longer have funding due to the budget cut, undersecretary sevilla told rappler.
"kasi billion ang budget for labs in the proposal. so if they get billion, lang ay billion... ng labs for that," sevilla said.
(the budget for labs in the proposal is at billion. so if they get billion, only billion will be left... we will not have enough to build the labs.)
the initially proposed12.117 billion for its budget for next year, the highest among all government agencies. but the house of representatives realigned billion of the's budget to the commission on higher education (ched) to help fund republic act no. 10931 or the universal access to quality tertiary education act.
lawmakers are finding ways to fund the free tuition law, which needs billion in its first year of implementation alone. did not include funds for the law's implementation in its 2018 proposed budget because president rodrigo was not expected to sign the measure into law.
"the wisdom of congress is that we have the voucher program of, which means we have to shift from providing the laboratory services to a private institution providing it instead," said sevilla.
the official, however, said they will be holding several meetings with lawmakers in the next weeks to lessen the budget impact on the strand under the kindergarten to grade 12 (k to 12) program.
"we are working with congress if it would be possible that not entirely the billion will be from the labs. maybe we can look into other programs," said sevilla.
in a separate press conference, chairperson patricia urged legislators to also consider other ways of funding the free tuition law without further burdening students.
"congress has to proceed very carefully here. this is a very good fund [for the free tuition law]. but to take [the budget away] from another very important program and then to put it there, in the end, students will also suffer," said.
ched stands to receive billions of pesos in additional budget for its free tuition law implementation. senators already plan to add another billion to's budget next year for state universities and colleges' expenses on infrastructure, equipment, and free internet services. | p30* ˈbɪljən aʊt əv ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈbɪljən fər læbz fər greɪd 11 ənd 12 ˈstudənts wɪl bi riəˈlaɪnd tɪ fənd ðə fri tjuˈɪʃən lɔ nɛkst jɪr ˈpəblɪʃt piɛm, sɛpˈtɛmbər 27 2017 məˈnɪlə, ˈfɪləˌpinz greɪd 11 ənd 12 ˈstudənts ˈəndər ðə træk wɪl bi æt ə ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə riəˈlaɪnmənt əv ˈbɪljən əv ðə prəˈpoʊzd 2018 ˈbəʤɪt əv ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən (deped*) tɪ fənd ðə fri tjuˈɪʃən lɔ. ðɪs ɪz bɪˈkəz əraʊnd ˈlæbrəˌtɔriz sɛt tɪ bi bɪlt ɪn 2018 wɪl noʊ ˈlɔŋgər hæv ˈfəndɪŋ du tɪ ðə ˈbəʤɪt kət, ˌəndərˈsɛkrɪˌtɛri sɛˈvɪlə toʊld rappler*. "ˈkɑzi ˈbɪljən æŋ ˈbəʤɪt fər læbz ɪn ðə prəˈpoʊzəl. soʊ ɪf ðeɪ gɪt ˈbɪljən, læŋ eɪ ˈbɪljən... ɪŋ læbz fər ðət," sɛˈvɪlə sɛd. (ðə ˈbəʤɪt fər læbz ɪn ðə prəˈpoʊzəl ɪz æt ˈbɪljən. soʊ ɪf ðeɪ gɪt ˈbɪljən, ˈoʊnli ˈbɪljən wɪl bi lɛft... wi wɪl nɑt hæv ɪˈnəf tɪ bɪld ðə læbz.) ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəli prəˈpoʊzd ˈbɪljən fər ɪts ˈbəʤɪt fər nɛkst jɪr, ðə haɪəst əˈməŋ ɔl ˈgəvərnmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz. bət ðə haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz riəˈlaɪnd ˈbɪljən əv ðə ˈbəʤɪt tɪ ðə kəˈmɪʃən ɔn haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən (ched*) tɪ hɛlp fənd riˈpəblɪk ækt noʊ. 10931 ər ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈækˌsɛs tɪ kˈwɑləti ˈtərʃəri ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ækt. ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ər ˈfaɪndɪŋ weɪz tɪ fənd ðə fri tjuˈɪʃən lɔ, wɪʧ nidz ˈbɪljən ɪn ɪts fərst jɪr əv ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əˈloʊn. dɪd nɑt ˌɪnˈklud fəndz fər ðə lɔz ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ɪn ɪts 2018 prəˈpoʊzd ˈbəʤɪt bɪˈkəz ˈprɛzɪdənt rəˈdrigoʊ wɑz nɑt ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ saɪn ðə ˈmɛʒər ˈɪntu lɔ. "ðə ˈwɪzdəm əv ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪz ðət wi hæv ðə ˈvaʊʧər ˈproʊˌgræm əv, wɪʧ minz wi hæv tɪ ʃɪft frəm prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ðə ˈlæbrəˌtɔri ˈsərvɪsɪz tɪ ə ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ɪt ˌɪnˈstɛd," sɛd sɛˈvɪlə. ðə əˈfɪʃəl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, sɛd ðeɪ wɪl bi ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl ˈmitɪŋz wɪθ ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ɪn ðə nɛkst wiks tɪ ˈlɛsən ðə ˈbəʤɪt ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə strænd ˈəndər ðə ˈkɪndərˌgɑrtən tɪ greɪd 12 (keɪ tɪ 12 ˈproʊˌgræm. "wi ər ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪf ɪt wʊd bi ˈpɑsəbəl ðət nɑt ɪnˈtaɪərli ðə ˈbɪljən wɪl bi frəm ðə læbz. ˈmeɪbi wi kən lʊk ˈɪntu ˈəðər ˈproʊˌgræmz," sɛd sɛˈvɪlə. ɪn ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns, ˈʧɛrˌpərsən pəˈtrɪʃə ərʤd ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtərz tɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈsɪdər ˈəðər weɪz əv ˈfəndɪŋ ðə fri tjuˈɪʃən lɔ wɪˈθaʊt ˈfərðər ˈbərdənɪŋ ˈstudənts. "ˈkɑŋgrəs həz tɪ pərˈsid ˈvɛri ˈkɛrfəli hir. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvɛri gʊd fənd [fər ðə fri tjuˈɪʃən lɔ]. bət tɪ teɪk [ðə ˈbəʤɪt əˈweɪ] frəm əˈnəðər ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈproʊˌgræm ənd ðɛn tɪ pʊt ɪt ðɛr, ɪn ðə ɛnd, ˈstudənts wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsəfər," sɛd. stændz tɪ rɪˈsiv ˈbɪljənz əv ˈpeɪsoʊz ɪn əˈdɪʃənəl ˈbəʤɪt fər ɪts fri tjuˈɪʃən lɔ ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən. ˈsɛnətərz ɔˈrɛdi plæn tɪ æd əˈnəðər ˈbɪljən tɪ ˈbəʤɪt nɛkst jɪr fər steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ənd ˈkɑlɪʤɪz' ɪkˈspɛnsɪz ɔn ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər, ɪkˈwɪpmənt, ənd fri ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈsərvɪsɪz. |
here at sun media we pride ourselves at being advocates for smaller government. we believe public sector bureaucrats are wading into affairs too often. we know the little guy is being all over the place. there are too many laws and regulations. something has to be done.
but we also think the freemen of the land are 100% wrong in their view of government and society.
they’re the group that norman raddatz is believed to belong to. the man implicated in the killing on monday of edmonton police const. daniel woodall.
as lorne gunter explained it in a recent column: “the freemen insist they are sovereign individuals and therefore are not subject to canadian laws, unless they choose to be. they reject all taxes, ignore any laws they find inconvenient and insist they are not bound to repay personal debts because on their own they have declared themselves ‘free.’”
everyone has beefs with the government. but the freemen take their grievances to completely unacceptable extremes.
as former alberta justice minister and solicitor general jonathan denis recently said: "the whole concept behind our democracy is that the law applies to everyone. they believe they can contract out of the laws and therefore they have to pay income tax. what i find crazy is they will wilfully consume our hospitals, schools and roads that our taxpayers pay for. it makes zero sense."
there are people from all parts of the political spectrum who happy with the laws of the land. but instead of cowardly opting out of it all like the freemen do with results that evidently can be deadly they spend years of their lives working within the system to change it.
that’s called political activism. called running for office. called voting. called being a good citizen.
the freemen are bad citizens. they understand the social contract. reckless and selfish.
think the parking tickets got are unfair? maybe they are. but pay the ones got, then work through the proper channels to change the system.
the rule of law matters in canada. if you like it, leave. | hir æt sən ˈmidiə wi praɪd ɑrˈsɛlvz æt biɪŋ ˈædvəˌkeɪts fər sˈmɔlər ˈgəvərnmənt. wi bɪˈliv ˈpəblɪk ˈsɛktər ˈbjʊrəˌkræts ər ˈweɪdɪŋ ˈɪntu əˈfɛrz tu ˈɔfən. wi noʊ ðə ˈlɪtəl gaɪ ɪz biɪŋ ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə pleɪs. ðɛr ər tu ˈmɛni lɔz ənd ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz. ˈsəmθɪŋ həz tɪ bi dən. bət wi ˈɔlsoʊ θɪŋk ðə ˈfrimɛn əv ðə lænd ər 100 rɔŋ ɪn ðɛr vju əv ˈgəvərnmənt ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti. ðə grup ðət ˈnɔrmən ˈrædəts ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ bɪˈlɔŋ tɪ. ðə mæn ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ əv ˈɛdməntən pəˈlis const*. ˈdænjəl ˈwʊˌdɔl. ɛz lɔrn ˈgəntər ɪkˈspleɪnd ɪt ɪn ə ˈrisənt ˈkɑləm: ˈfrimɛn ˌɪnˈsɪst ðeɪ ər ˈsɑvrən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ər nɑt ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ kəˈneɪdiən lɔz, ənˈlɛs ðeɪ ʧuz tɪ bi. ðeɪ ˈriʤɛkt ɔl ˈtæksɪz, ˌɪgˈnɔr ˈɛni lɔz ðeɪ faɪnd ˌɪnkənˈvinjənt ənd ˌɪnˈsɪst ðeɪ ər nɑt baʊnd tɪ riˈpeɪ ˈpərsɪnəl dɛts bɪˈkəz ɔn ðɛr oʊn ðeɪ hæv dɪˈklɛrd ðɛmˈsɛlvz ‘‘free.’”*.’” ˈɛvriˌwən həz bifs wɪθ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt. bət ðə ˈfrimɛn teɪk ðɛr ˈgrivənsɪz tɪ kəmˈplitli ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl ɪkˈstrimz. ɛz ˈfɔrmər ælˈbərtə ˈʤəstɪs ˈmɪnɪstər ənd səˈlɪsətər ˈʤɛnərəl ˈʤɑnəθən ˈdɛnɪs ˈrisəntli sɛd: "ðə hoʊl ˈkɑnsɛpt bɪˈhaɪnd ɑr dɪˈmɑkrəsi ɪz ðət ðə lɔ əˈplaɪz tɪ ˈɛvriˌwən. ðeɪ bɪˈliv ðeɪ kən ˈkɑnˌtrækt aʊt əv ðə lɔz ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðeɪ hæv tɪ peɪ ˈɪnˌkəm tæks. wət aɪ faɪnd ˈkreɪzi ɪz ðeɪ wɪl ˈwɪlfəli kənˈsum ɑr ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz, skulz ənd roʊdz ðət ɑr ˈtækˌspeɪərz peɪ fər. ɪt meɪks ˈziroʊ sɛns." ðɛr ər ˈpipəl frəm ɔl pɑrts əv ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈspɛktrəm hu ˈhæpi wɪθ ðə lɔz əv ðə lænd. bət ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈkaʊərdli ˈɑptɪŋ aʊt əv ɪt ɔl laɪk ðə ˈfrimɛn du wɪθ rɪˈzəlts ðət ˈɛvədəntli kən bi ˈdɛdli ðeɪ spɛnd jɪrz əv ðɛr lɪvz ˈwərkɪŋ wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈsɪstəm tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ɪt. kɔld pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈæktɪˌvɪzəm. kɔld ˈrənɪŋ fər ˈɔfəs. kɔld ˈvoʊtɪŋ. kɔld biɪŋ ə gʊd ˈsɪtɪzən. ðə ˈfrimɛn ər bæd ˈsɪtɪzənz. ðeɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnˌtrækt. ˈrɛkləs ənd ˈsɛlfɪʃ. θɪŋk ðə ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈtɪkɪts gɑt ər ˌɔnˈfɛr? ˈmeɪbi ðeɪ ər. bət peɪ ðə wənz gɑt, ðɛn wərk θru ðə ˈprɑpər ˈʧænəlz tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈsɪstəm. ðə rul əv lɔ ˈmætərz ɪn ˈkænədə. ɪf ju laɪk ɪt, liv. |
criminal investigation launched about allegations of fast food worker putting blood on food copyright by - all rights reserved video
wjtv - columbus, miss. (wjtv) -- a criminal investigation is being launched into the allegations that a fast food worker put menstrual blood on a customer's hamburger during a drive-thru order, according to wcbi.
the mississippi state department of health went to jack's in columbus, miss. to investigate the food contamination allegation.
the health department said an inspector was sent to do a routine check after the allegations surfaced. the restaurant passed the inspection, so the allegation was reported to a local law enforcement agency for a criminal investigation.
the columbus police department said they are conducting the investigation.
the allegation received a lot of attention after a person posted on facebook that a jack's employee put blood on a customer's hamburger.
the restaurant released this statement about the allegations:
food safety is our top priority at all jack's restaurants. as part of our rigorous food safety program, jack's maintains strict food handling policies and procedures that all team members must follow. jack's was recently made aware of an audio tape recording posted on social media, which allegedly claims that an employee at a restaurant in columbus, ms potentially violated our stringent safety standards. the employee allegedly involved in this incident was terminated several days ago for unrelated reasons and no longer works for us. at the time of her dismissal jack's was not aware of these allegations. at jack's, we take these allegations very seriously and are working to determine the validity of these claims. additionally, we are committed to taking further action if appropriate.
https://twitter.com/joeybarnestv/status/819980617471447040 | ˈkrɪmənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən lɔnʧt əˈbaʊt ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv fæst fud ˈwərkər ˈpʊtɪŋ bləd ɔn fud ˈkɑpiˌraɪt baɪ ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd ˈvɪdioʊ kəˈləmbəs, mɪs. (wjtv*) ə ˈkrɪmənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ɪz biɪŋ lɔnʧt ˈɪntu ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ðət ə fæst fud ˈwərkər pʊt ˈmɛnstrəl bləd ɔn ə ˈkəstəmərz ˈhæmbərgər ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈdraɪvθˈru ˈɔrdər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wcbi*. ðə ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv hɛlθ wɛnt tɪ ʤæks ɪn kəˈləmbəs, mɪs. tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðə fud kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən ˌæləˈgeɪʃən. ðə hɛlθ dɪˈpɑrtmənt sɛd ən ˌɪnˈspɛktər wɑz sɛnt tɪ du ə ruˈtin ʧɛk ˈæftər ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ˈsərfɪst. ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt pæst ðə ˌɪnˈspɛkʃən, soʊ ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃən wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ ə ˈloʊkəl lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənsi fər ə ˈkrɪmənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ðə kəˈləmbəs pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt sɛd ðeɪ ər kənˈdəktɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃən rɪˈsivd ə lɔt əv əˈtɛnʃən ˈæftər ə ˈpərsən ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ðət ə ʤæks ɪmˈplɔɪi pʊt bləd ɔn ə ˈkəstəmərz ˈhæmbərgər. ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt riˈlist ðɪs ˈsteɪtmənt əˈbaʊt ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz: fud ˈseɪfti ɪz ɑr tɔp praɪˈɔrəti æt ɔl ʤæks ˈrɛˌstrɑnts. ɛz pɑrt əv ɑr ˈrɪgərəs fud ˈseɪfti ˈproʊˌgræm, ʤæks meɪnˈteɪnz strɪkt fud ˈhændəlɪŋ ˈpɑləsiz ənd prəˈsiʤərz ðət ɔl tim ˈmɛmbərz məst ˈfɑloʊ. ʤæks wɑz ˈrisəntli meɪd əˈwɛr əv ən ˈɑdiˌoʊ teɪp rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə, wɪʧ əˈlɛʤədli kleɪmz ðət ən ɪmˈplɔɪi æt ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ɪn kəˈləmbəs, mɪz pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ɑr ˈstrɪnʤənt ˈseɪfti ˈstændərdz. ðə ɪmˈplɔɪi əˈlɛʤədli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðɪs ˈɪnsədənt wɑz ˈtərməˌneɪtɪd ˈsɛvərəl deɪz əˈgoʊ fər ˌənrɪˈleɪtɪd ˈrizənz ənd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər wərks fər ˈjuˈɛs. æt ðə taɪm əv hər dɪsˈmɪsəl ʤæks wɑz nɑt əˈwɛr əv ðiz ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz. æt ʤæks, wi teɪk ðiz ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəsli ənd ər ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ dɪˈtərmən ðə vəˈlɪdɪti əv ðiz kleɪmz. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, wi ər kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈfərðər ˈækʃən ɪf əˈproʊpriˌeɪt. |
the raw report: monday night raw may 15, 2012
welcome to the raw report.
every week be dissecting’s monday night raw and analyzing what worked, what work, and what left audiences thinking by breaking the show down into three categories: yes!, change the channel! or what?
let’s get it on.
yes!
triple h and paul heyman opening segment brilliant opener. this is how you raise the energy right from the opening of raw. whiney, “what are ya’ doin?!” as triple h grabbed him by the throat was superb acting. while i would have certainly loved to see more back and forth between the two, i found both men to be in top form during this segment.
triple h cut a wonderful promo about, criticizing brock for leaving the business and offending legends such as ric flair and shawn michaels by his recent behavior. instead of burying, like many assumed triple h was doing, i felt that the coo had a clear argument running throughout the promo: is a bully who quits the second he faces strong opposition. maybe triple h is that one obstacle that brock be able to simply quit and avoid? heyman, in turn, informed triple h that is suing the, which added a bit of suspense to relationship with the company. the seems to be planting the seeds for a much longer program between not only triple h and, but brock and the entire infrastructure. excited to see where they go next.
cm vs. daniel rhodes oddly enough, i found bryan and cody worked really well together. not sure what purpose santino served in this match, other than the not being able to find a better to team with punk. why not bring alex riley back up? or maybe even zack ryder? angry facials to bryan throughout the match were superb. seeing bryan simply laugh in face from across the ring only further built his heat to fans at home. i loved that fact that bryan ended the match by staring punk down as he walked up the ramp, smirking the entire way. interesting how bryan take punk seriously, yet desperately wants to win the championship.
while many fans complain that no build to, i can only slightly disagree. obviously we seen the two interact enough. however, i think bryan is already such an established heel, that almost obvious why punk wants to beat him. who want to beat up daniel bryan after the way he behaves on tv each week? (besides me. i love daniel bryan). the crowd was hot during this match, giving bryan plenty of heat and throwing out some vivacious “yes!” chants. love to see bryan take the title at over the limit, which could possibly lead to a feud with stronger builds at no way out or even summerslam. it would be fantastic to see punk in pursuit of the championship again, which we witnessed all year, since it could impact the growth of his character.
i am somewhat bothered by the fact that the acknowledging punk and long history as competitors. granted,.com featured a piece about the two fighting in the independents, but it would be great to hear them cut a promo about working together since ring of honor. why not explicitly discuss the fact that these two have been pursuing dreams of being world champions across the globe for ages? hoping that we see these two work more throughout the summer. i think a feud could definitely draw in fans of indie wrestling who may not pay attention to the.
beth phoenix vs. alicia fox oddly enough, my favorite part of this match had nothing to do with alicia fox, one of the main participants in the bout. champion layla, who was on the ramp during this match, caught my attention right away. obviously a, but her interaction with beth had a heel slant. actually very excited to see layla vs. beth, even if we get that elusive return that all waiting for.
brodus vs. jack this match, despite having to occasionally drag things down, had a lot of positive aspects. kofi was spectacular and further proved how badly he deserves a big picture feud in the. likewise, continued to remind fans that the best tag team to come around in ages. dolphin especially sold every move so well that it kept me engaged the entire time. even got a few solid spots during the match. of course, a lot of fans about/kofi/r-truth dancing with young fans in the ring at the end, but it was nothing more than typical celebration in my eyes.
randy orton vs. chris jericho this was a very good match and did an excellent job of building towards the fatal four way match at over the limit. amazing that within just week, the utilized both raw and to help enhance the tension between del rio, orton, jericho, and in preparation for their world heavyweight championship match at over the limit. ideally, this is what both shows should be used for: allowing storylines to flow smoothly and seamlessly across brands.
change the channel!
kane vs. big show this match defines unnecessary. big awkward bump after was tough to watch. again this week we continue with the theme of “poor kane.” kane deserves a solid feud more than a lot of guys in the right now.
big firing this segment went on way too long. there is no need to see big show like a confused child. you may ask, “but james, you happy to see that big show is fired?!” while big show probably should consider retirement soon, this firing, like all firings, will ultimately prove to be forgettable.
john segment: when is good, damn good. however, when is bad, terrible. this was a bad segment. choosing to close the show with this interaction was ridiculous. acted silly and treated the severity of his match against john like an elaborate farce. okay to be funny in the ring, look no further than promos last summer with to see how well comedy can enhance a feud. but there has to be a balance between humor and seriousness when leading into a. this segment was solely teasing johnny. why would fans tune in to a where not even seems invested in the outcome?
this bit encompassed everything fans complain about when they discuss john; his inability to balance humor and seriousness in the face of a difficult opponant. laughed everything off and acted as if his was a joke. of course, johnny is hardly as tough an opponent as, but should at least make fans believe that going to see a big match. mimicked ace in the style of jim carrey, proving that a bad joke from the is still a bad joke in 2012. humiliating johnny would have been hilarious if facing him at over the limit this weekend. already difficult to see johnny as a formidable opponent for, given both his age and history of being a corporate on camera, but certainly did nothing to help convince fans that they should purchase over the limit.
as a regular episode of raw, give this show a rousing yes! however, as a show for over the limit? i help but throw out an apathetic what? the opening segment kicked off strong, and the build-up for the match at over the limit was very good. however, the closing segment was terrible. we left raw on a sour note, giving fans little reason to want to see johnny and fight this sunday. the lack of build between bryan and punk is equally disappointing, unless be seeing the two work together at no way out or even summerslam. i am looking forward to over the limit just to see punk and bryan in a championship match.
essentially, i want to enjoy the idea of taking the risk to even let that match happen. also very excited for the fatal four way match, which seems to have grown leaps and bounds in just a week. i just hope that the rest of the spoil the whole night.
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six reasons donald trump is better than barack obama it seemed impossible to many, but donald trump has been elected the president of the united states. some people are ever so sad about that and are saying never live up to the legacy of barack obama. but donald trump is already better than president obama, and this is why: 1. trump and the (then […]
why john is not “best for business” john returned to raw this week after a short hiatus, which quite frankly long enough, as the went into its default “bend over” position in order to accommodate this clown once again in almost every way possible. he his opponents’ move set, he oversold the impact of his own moves […] | ðə rɑ rɪˈpɔrt: ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt rɑ meɪ 15 2012 ˈwɛlkəm tɪ ðə rɑ rɪˈpɔrt. ˈɛvəri wik bi daɪˈsɛktɪŋ ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt rɑ ənd ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ wət wərkt, wət wərk, ənd wət lɛft ˈɔdiənsəz ˈθɪŋkɪŋ baɪ ˈbreɪkɪŋ ðə ʃoʊ daʊn ˈɪntu θri ˈkætəˌgɔriz: jɛs!, ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈʧænəl! ər wət? gɪt ɪt ɔn. jɛs! ˈtrɪpəl eɪʧ ənd pɔl ˈheɪmən ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˌsɛgˈmɛnt ˈbrɪljənt ˈoʊpənər. ðɪs ɪz haʊ ju reɪz ðə ˈɛnərʤi raɪt frəm ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ əv rɑ. whiney*, ər ya’*’ doin?!”*?!” ɛz ˈtrɪpəl eɪʧ græbd ɪm baɪ ðə θroʊt wɑz sʊˈpərb ˈæktɪŋ. waɪl aɪ wʊd hæv ˈsərtənli ləvd tɪ si mɔr bæk ənd fɔrθ bɪtˈwin ðə tu, aɪ faʊnd boʊθ mɛn tɪ bi ɪn tɔp fɔrm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˌsɛgˈmɛnt. ˈtrɪpəl eɪʧ kət ə ˈwəndərfəl ˈproʊˌmoʊ əˈbaʊt, ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪzɪŋ brɑk fər ˈlivɪŋ ðə ˈbɪznɪs ənd əˈfɛndɪŋ ˈlɛʤəndz səʧ ɛz rɪk flɛr ənd ʃɔn ˈmaɪkəlz baɪ hɪz ˈrisənt bɪˈheɪvjər. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈbɛriɪŋ, laɪk ˈmɛni əˈsumd ˈtrɪpəl eɪʧ wɑz duɪŋ, aɪ fɛlt ðət ðə ku hæd ə klɪr ˈɑrgjəmənt ˈrənɪŋ θruaʊt ðə ˈproʊˌmoʊ: ɪz ə ˈbʊli hu kwɪts ðə ˈsɛkənd hi ˈfeɪsɪz strɔŋ ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən. ˈmeɪbi ˈtrɪpəl eɪʧ ɪz ðət wən ˈɑbstəkəl ðət brɑk bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈsɪmpli kwɪt ənd əˈvɔɪd? ˈheɪmən, ɪn tərn, ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ˈtrɪpəl eɪʧ ðət ɪz suɪŋ ðə, wɪʧ ˈædɪd ə bɪt əv səˈspɛns tɪ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. ðə simz tɪ bi ˈplæntɪŋ ðə sidz fər ə məʧ ˈlɔŋgər ˈproʊˌgræm bɪtˈwin nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈtrɪpəl eɪʧ ənd, bət brɑk ənd ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər. ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ si wɛr ðeɪ goʊ nɛkst. ˈvərsəz. ˈdænjəl roʊdz ˈɑdli ɪˈnəf, aɪ faʊnd braɪən ənd ˈkoʊdi wərkt ˈrɪli wɛl təˈgɛðər. nɑt ʃʊr wət ˈpərpəs sɑnˈtinoʊ sərvd ɪn ðɪs mæʧ, ˈəðər ðən ðə nɑt biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ faɪnd ə ˈbɛtər tɪ tim wɪθ pəŋk. waɪ nɑt brɪŋ ˈæləks ˈraɪli bæk əp? ər ˈmeɪbi ˈivɪn zæk ˈraɪdər? ˈæŋgri ˈfeɪʃəlz tɪ braɪən θruaʊt ðə mæʧ wər sʊˈpərb. siɪŋ braɪən ˈsɪmpli læf ɪn feɪs frəm əˈkrɔs ðə rɪŋ ˈoʊnli ˈfərðər bɪlt hɪz hit tɪ fænz æt hoʊm. aɪ ləvd ðət fækt ðət braɪən ˈɛndɪd ðə mæʧ baɪ ˈstɛrɪŋ pəŋk daʊn ɛz hi wɔkt əp ðə ræmp, sˈmərkɪŋ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər weɪ. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ haʊ braɪən teɪk pəŋk ˈsɪriəsli, jɛt ˈdɛspərətli wɔnts tɪ wɪn ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp. waɪl ˈmɛni fænz kəmˈpleɪn ðət noʊ bɪld tɪ, aɪ kən ˈoʊnli sˈlaɪtli dɪsəˈgri. ˈɑbviəsli wi sin ðə tu ˌɪnərˈækt ɪˈnəf. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ θɪŋk braɪən ɪz ɔˈrɛdi səʧ ən ɪˈstæblɪʃt hil, ðət ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɑbviəs waɪ pəŋk wɔnts tɪ bit ɪm. hu wɔnt tɪ bit əp ˈdænjəl braɪən ˈæftər ðə weɪ hi bɪˈheɪvz ɔn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən iʧ wik? (ˌbiˈsaɪdz mi. aɪ ləv ˈdænjəl braɪən). ðə kraʊd wɑz hɑt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs mæʧ, ˈgɪvɪŋ braɪən ˈplɛnti əv hit ənd θroʊɪŋ aʊt səm vəˈveɪʃəs ““yes!”*!” ʧænts. ləv tɪ si braɪən teɪk ðə ˈtaɪtəl æt ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlɪmət, wɪʧ kʊd ˈpɑsəbli lɛd tɪ ə fjud wɪθ ˈstrɔŋgər bɪldz æt noʊ weɪ aʊt ər ˈivɪn summerslam*. ɪt wʊd bi fænˈtæstɪk tɪ si pəŋk ɪn pərˈsut əv ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp əˈgɛn, wɪʧ wi ˈwɪtnəst ɔl jɪr, sɪns ɪt kʊd ˌɪmˈpækt ðə groʊθ əv hɪz ˈkɛrɪktər. aɪ æm ˈsəmˈwət ˈbɑðərd baɪ ðə fækt ðət ðə ækˈnɑlɪʤɪŋ pəŋk ənd lɔŋ ˈhɪstəri ɛz kəmˈpɛtɪtərz. ˈgrænɪd, ˈfiʧərd ə pis əˈbaʊt ðə tu ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənts, bət ɪt wʊd bi greɪt tɪ hir ðɛm kət ə ˈproʊˌmoʊ əˈbaʊt ˈwərkɪŋ təˈgɛðər sɪns rɪŋ əv ˈɑnər. waɪ nɑt ɪkˈsplɪsətli dɪˈskəs ðə fækt ðət ðiz tu hæv bɪn pərˈsuɪŋ drimz əv biɪŋ wərld ˈʧæmpiənz əˈkrɔs ðə gloʊb fər ˈeɪʤɪz? ˈhoʊpɪŋ ðət wi si ðiz tu wərk mɔr θruaʊt ðə ˈsəmər. aɪ θɪŋk ə fjud kʊd ˈdɛfənətli drɔ ɪn fænz əv ˈɪndi ˈrɛsəlɪŋ hu meɪ nɑt peɪ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə. bɛθ ˈfinɪks ˈvərsəz. əˈlɪʃə fɑks ˈɑdli ɪˈnəf, maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt pɑrt əv ðɪs mæʧ hæd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ əˈlɪʃə fɑks, wən əv ðə meɪn pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ɪn ðə baʊt. ˈʧæmpiən ˈleɪlɑ, hu wɑz ɔn ðə ræmp ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs mæʧ, kɔt maɪ əˈtɛnʃən raɪt əˈweɪ. ˈɑbviəsli ə, bət hər ˌɪnərˈækʃən wɪθ bɛθ hæd ə hil slænt. ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈvɛri ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ si ˈleɪlɑ ˈvərsəz. bɛθ, ˈivɪn ɪf wi gɪt ðət ɪˈlusɪv rɪˈtərn ðət ɔl ˈweɪtɪŋ fər. ˈvərsəz. ʤæk ðɪs mæʧ, dɪˈspaɪt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli dræg θɪŋz daʊn, hæd ə lɔt əv ˈpɑzətɪv ˈæˌspɛkts. ˈkoʊfi wɑz spɛkˈtækjələr ənd ˈfərðər pruvd haʊ ˈbædli hi dɪˈzərvz ə bɪg ˈpɪkʧər fjud ɪn ðə. ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz, kənˈtɪnjud tɪ riˈmaɪnd fænz ðət ðə bɛst tæg tim tɪ kəm əraʊnd ɪn ˈeɪʤɪz. ˈdɑlfən əˈspɛʃəli soʊld ˈɛvəri muv soʊ wɛl ðət ɪt kɛpt mi ɪnˈgeɪʤd ðə ɪnˈtaɪər taɪm. ˈivɪn gɑt ə fju ˈsɑləd spɑts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə mæʧ. əv kɔrs, ə lɔt əv fænz əˈbaʊt ˈdænsɪŋ wɪθ jəŋ fænz ɪn ðə rɪŋ æt ðə ɛnd, bət ɪt wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ðən ˈtɪpɪkəl ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən ɪn maɪ aɪz. ˈrændi ˈɔrtən ˈvərsəz. krɪs ˈʤɛrɪˌkoʊ ðɪs wɑz ə ˈvɛri gʊd mæʧ ənd dɪd ən ˈɛksələnt ʤɑb əv ˈbɪldɪŋ təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈfeɪtəl fɔr weɪ mæʧ æt ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlɪmət. əˈmeɪzɪŋ ðət wɪˈθɪn ʤɪst wik, ðə ˈjutəˌlaɪzd boʊθ rɑ ənd tɪ hɛlp ɛnˈhæns ðə ˈtɛnʃən bɪtˈwin dɛl ˈrioʊ, ˈɔrtən, ˈʤɛrɪˌkoʊ, ənd ɪn ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən fər ðɛr wərld ˈhɛviˌweɪt ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp mæʧ æt ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlɪmət. aɪˈdili, ðɪs ɪz wət boʊθ ʃoʊz ʃʊd bi juzd fər: əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈstɔriˌlaɪnz tɪ floʊ sˈmuðli ənd ˈsimləsli əˈkrɔs brændz. ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈʧænəl! keɪn ˈvərsəz. bɪg ʃoʊ ðɪs mæʧ dɪˈfaɪnz ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri. bɪg ˈɔkwərd bəmp ˈæftər wɑz təf tɪ wɔʧ. əˈgɛn ðɪs wik wi kənˈtɪnju wɪθ ðə θim əv kane.”*.” keɪn dɪˈzərvz ə ˈsɑləd fjud mɔr ðən ə lɔt əv gaɪz ɪn ðə raɪt naʊ. bɪg ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ðɪs ˌsɛgˈmɛnt wɛnt ɔn weɪ tu lɔŋ. ðɛr ɪz noʊ nid tɪ si bɪg ʃoʊ laɪk ə kənfˈjuzd ʧaɪld. ju meɪ æsk, ʤeɪmz, ju ˈhæpi tɪ si ðət bɪg ʃoʊ ɪz fired?!”*?!” waɪl bɪg ʃoʊ ˈprɑbəˌbli ʃʊd kənˈsɪdər rɪˈtaɪərmənt sun, ðɪs ˈfaɪərrɪŋ, laɪk ɔl ˈfaɪərrɪŋz, wɪl ˈəltəmətli pruv tɪ bi fərˈgɛtəbəl. ʤɑn ˌsɛgˈmɛnt: wɪn ɪz gʊd, dæm gʊd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪn ɪz bæd, ˈtɛrəbəl. ðɪs wɑz ə bæd ˌsɛgˈmɛnt. ˈʧuzɪŋ tɪ kloʊz ðə ʃoʊ wɪθ ðɪs ˌɪnərˈækʃən wɑz rɪˈdɪkjələs. ˈæktɪd ˈsɪli ənd ˈtritɪd ðə sɪˈvɛrɪti əv hɪz mæʧ əˈgɛnst ʤɑn laɪk ən ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt fɑrs. ˌoʊˈkeɪ tɪ bi ˈfəni ɪn ðə rɪŋ, lʊk noʊ ˈfərðər ðən ˈproʊˌmoʊz læst ˈsəmər wɪθ tɪ si haʊ wɛl ˈkɑmədi kən ɛnˈhæns ə fjud. bət ðɛr həz tɪ bi ə ˈbæləns bɪtˈwin ˈhjumər ənd ˈsɪriəsnəs wɪn ˈlidɪŋ ˈɪntu ə. ðɪs ˌsɛgˈmɛnt wɑz ˈsoʊəli ˈtizɪŋ ˈʤɑni. waɪ wʊd fænz tun ɪn tɪ ə wɛr nɑt ˈivɪn simz ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd ɪn ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm? ðɪs bɪt ɛnˈkəmpəst ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ fænz kəmˈpleɪn əˈbaʊt wɪn ðeɪ dɪˈskəs ʤɑn; hɪz ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ˈbæləns ˈhjumər ənd ˈsɪriəsnəs ɪn ðə feɪs əv ə ˈdɪfəkəlt opponant*. læft ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɔf ənd ˈæktɪd ɛz ɪf hɪz wɑz ə ʤoʊk. əv kɔrs, ˈʤɑni ɪz ˈhɑrdli ɛz təf ən əˈpoʊnənt ɛz, bət ʃʊd æt list meɪk fænz bɪˈliv ðət goʊɪŋ tɪ si ə bɪg mæʧ. ˈmɪmɪkt eɪs ɪn ðə staɪl əv ʤɪm ˈkɛri, ˈpruvɪŋ ðət ə bæd ʤoʊk frəm ðə ɪz stɪl ə bæd ʤoʊk ɪn 2012 hjuˈmɪliˌeɪtɪŋ ˈʤɑni wʊd hæv bɪn hɪˈlɛriəs ɪf ˈfeɪsɪŋ ɪm æt ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlɪmət ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd. ɔˈrɛdi ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ si ˈʤɑni ɛz ə ˌfɔrˈmɪdəbəl əˈpoʊnənt fər, ˈgɪvɪn boʊθ hɪz eɪʤ ənd ˈhɪstəri əv biɪŋ ə ˈkɔrpərət ɔn ˈkæmərə, bət ˈsərtənli dɪd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ hɛlp kənˈvɪns fænz ðət ðeɪ ʃʊd ˈpərʧəs ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlɪmət. ɛz ə ˈrɛgjələr ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd əv rɑ, gɪv ðɪs ʃoʊ ə ˈraʊzɪŋ jɛs! ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɛz ə ʃoʊ fər ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlɪmət? aɪ hɛlp bət θroʊ aʊt ən ˌæpəˈθɛtɪk wət? ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˌsɛgˈmɛnt kɪkt ɔf strɔŋ, ənd ðə ˈbɪlˌdəp fər ðə mæʧ æt ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlɪmət wɑz ˈvɛri gʊd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˌsɛgˈmɛnt wɑz ˈtɛrəbəl. wi lɛft rɑ ɔn ə saʊər noʊt, ˈgɪvɪŋ fænz ˈlɪtəl ˈrizən tɪ wɔnt tɪ si ˈʤɑni ənd faɪt ðɪs ˈsənˌdi. ðə læk əv bɪld bɪtˈwin braɪən ənd pəŋk ɪz ˈikwəli ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪŋ, ənˈlɛs bi siɪŋ ðə tu wərk təˈgɛðər æt noʊ weɪ aʊt ər ˈivɪn summerslam*. aɪ æm ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlɪmət ʤɪst tɪ si pəŋk ənd braɪən ɪn ə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp mæʧ. ɛˈsɛnʃəli, aɪ wɔnt tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə rɪsk tɪ ˈivɪn lɛt ðət mæʧ ˈhæpən. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈvɛri ɪkˈsaɪtɪd fər ðə ˈfeɪtəl fɔr weɪ mæʧ, wɪʧ simz tɪ hæv groʊn lips ənd baʊndz ɪn ʤɪst ə wik. aɪ ʤɪst hoʊp ðət ðə rɛst əv ðə spɔɪl ðə hoʊl naɪt. rɪˈleɪtɪd poʊsts waɪ ðə rɔɪəl ˈrəmbəl ɪz ˈbɛtər ðən moʊst ˈrɛsəlɪŋ fænz kənˈsɪdər tɪ bi ðə bɛst əv ðə jɪr, bət ðə rɔɪəl ˈrəmbəl wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt. ˈɛvər sɪns aɪ dɪˈskəvərd ə teɪp əv ðə 1992 rɔɪəl ˈrəmbəl æt maɪ ˈloʊkəl ˈvɪdioʊ stɔr ɛz ə ʧaɪld, bɪn ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪd baɪ ðə ɪˈvɛnt. waɪl ðə ˈtaɪtəl ˈmæʧɪz ɔn ðə kɑrd sɪks ˈrizənz ˈdɑnəld trəmp ɪz ˈbɛtər ðən ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪt simd ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ˈmɛni, bət ˈdɑnəld trəmp həz bɪn ɪˈlɛktɪd ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. səm ˈpipəl ər ˈɛvər soʊ sæd əˈbaʊt ðət ənd ər seɪɪŋ ˈnɛvər lɪv əp tɪ ðə ˈlɛgəsi əv ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə. bət ˈdɑnəld trəmp ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈbɛtər ðən ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə, ənd ðɪs ɪz waɪ: 1 trəmp ənd ðə (ðɛn waɪ ʤɑn ɪz nɑt fər business”*” ʤɑn rɪˈtərnd tɪ rɑ ðɪs wik ˈæftər ə ʃɔrt haɪˈeɪtəs, wɪʧ kwaɪt ˈfræŋkli lɔŋ ɪˈnəf, ɛz ðə wɛnt ˈɪntu ɪts dɪˈfɔlt over”*” pəˈzɪʃən ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈkɑməˌdeɪt ðɪs klaʊn wəns əˈgɛn ɪn ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvəri weɪ ˈpɑsəbəl. hi hɪz opponents’*’ muv sɛt, hi ˈoʊvərˈsoʊld ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv hɪz oʊn muvz |
author has written 4 stories for frozen, and harry potter.
1-27-18
update: everyone. i don't have much in the way of excuses as to my absence from active posting, other than spending the last few years recovering from trauma. january 5, 2016 i attempted to take my own life. my other half and i both. suffice to say, the world we woke to after failing was a bleak and one. i won't go into details so as to not trigger anyone who may have had similar travesties occur. let me say that its been two years and i'm still struggling with my depression and loss of passion. but. i am writing again, after ages of being unable to even open a word document, i'm writing again. i will finish while i sleep, that's my first goal. i also have over a dozen on my computer that i've been touching on for a while now. a few one shots, but mostly. most of them are, but some branch out into final fantasy and even strange magic. all yuri stories.
that being said, i cannot promise anything concrete. i am trying my best to finish while i sleep, but i refuse to do like these other authors who rush their endings just so they can be done with it. we all deserve better than that, and if i ever get to a point where i can't finish a, i will abandon it rather than rushing out a ending. i appreciate every one of you who have stuck by my side and given your support. you've all been so wonderful, and i hope i can deliver some quality work to you soon.
love and light,
ariel
10-4-15
update: so i think its time i stop hiding and brush this thing off. first, let me apologize to everyone for the horrendous absence this year. my ability to focus on my writings and maintain my passions for the development of the stories sort of just died off. and along with that we have had a very busy year at my work and that has sort of killed my muse. but! i just ground out 4600 words on chapter 4 of while i sleep and got it posted and the overwhelming outpouring of support from my readers has revived my muse and given me such a drive to want to write again. i'm already working on the next chapter for while i sleep, and i'm also looking to continue working on sorcery, as well as a or two that i've been working on but haven't posted for fear of failing to update those as well. i will keep you updated! follow my facebook page for regular updates or feel free to pm me here /update
5-28-15
first, let me just say it now that i am a horribly inconsistent and unless i've already gotten the written out ahead of posting it, don't expect regular updates. i'm currently having some serious issues with my ability to focus lately and for that i apologize. i appreciate all those who've been keeping up with my and who have expressed patience with me. i promise, none of my will ever be abandoned, even if it does take me a while to update them.
if you want to get updates, be sure and like my page,s:
crap, i got a tumblr -_-
i'm ariel, and writer by hobby. okay, so lately i've been absolutely obsessed with fan, 99% and 1% harry potter :o) and .01% (sakuino). work on my actual novels has taken a backseat to this obsession and there's nothing i can do to stop it other than spew out these ideas i got.
so!! this is what you're gonna get and you'll like it! :p i plan to write two long, at the moment. these two ideas have taken on a life of their own and i gave up stopping this a month ago. i've gotten the introductory chapters written for both, and am settled on working on the potter crossover first. i'm a when it comes to harry potter and i plan to do both the and proud.
so without further adieu, i hope you all enjoy my works and feel free to leave any positive feedback or constructive criticisms on my works. no flames, no drama, and please, if you don't like the ship, then sail on and don't bother stopping here. no need for negativity. i'll add a quart of to have good feelings, yah? | ˈɔθər həz ˈrɪtən 4 ˈstɔriz fər ˈfroʊzən, ənd ˈhɛri ˈpɑtər. ˈəpˌdeɪt: ˈɛvriˌwən. aɪ doʊnt hæv məʧ ɪn ðə weɪ əv ɪkˈskjuzɪz ɛz tɪ maɪ ˈæbsəns frəm ˈæktɪv ˈpoʊstɪŋ, ˈəðər ðən ˈspɛndɪŋ ðə læst fju jɪrz rɪˈkəvərɪŋ frəm ˈtrɔmə. ˈʤænjuˌɛri 5 2016 aɪ əˈtɛmptəd tɪ teɪk maɪ oʊn laɪf. maɪ ˈəðər hæf ənd aɪ boʊθ. səˈfaɪs tɪ seɪ, ðə wərld wi woʊk tɪ ˈæftər ˈfeɪlɪŋ wɑz ə blik ənd wən. aɪ woʊnt goʊ ˈɪntu ˈditeɪlz soʊ ɛz tɪ nɑt ˈtrɪgər ˈɛniˌwən hu meɪ hæv hæd ˈsɪmələr ˈtrævəstiz əˈkər. lɛt mi seɪ ðət ɪts bɪn tu jɪrz ənd əm stɪl ˈstrəgəlɪŋ wɪθ maɪ dɪˈprɛʃən ənd lɔs əv ˈpæʃən. bət. aɪ æm ˈraɪtɪŋ əˈgɛn, ˈæftər ˈeɪʤɪz əv biɪŋ əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈivɪn ˈoʊpən ə wərd ˈdɑkjəmɛnt, əm ˈraɪtɪŋ əˈgɛn. aɪ wɪl ˈfɪnɪʃ waɪl aɪ slip, ðæts maɪ fərst goʊl. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈoʊvər ə ˈdəzən ɔn maɪ kəmˈpjutər ðət aɪv bɪn ˈtəʧɪŋ ɔn fər ə waɪl naʊ. ə fju wən ʃɑts, bət ˈmoʊstli. moʊst əv ðɛm ər, bət səm brænʧ aʊt ˈɪntu ˈfaɪnəl ˈfænəsi ənd ˈivɪn streɪnʤ ˈmæʤɪk. ɔl ˈjʊri ˈstɔriz. ðət biɪŋ sɛd, aɪ ˈkænɑt ˈprɑməs ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈkɑnkrit. aɪ æm traɪɪŋ maɪ bɛst tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ waɪl aɪ slip, bət aɪ ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ du laɪk ðiz ˈəðər ˈɔθərz hu rəʃ ðɛr ˈɛndɪŋz ʤɪst soʊ ðeɪ kən bi dən wɪθ ɪt. wi ɔl dɪˈzərv ˈbɛtər ðən ðət, ənd ɪf aɪ ˈɛvər gɪt tɪ ə pɔɪnt wɛr aɪ kænt ˈfɪnɪʃ ə, aɪ wɪl əˈbændən ɪt ˈrəðər ðən ˈrəʃɪŋ aʊt ə ˈɛndɪŋ. aɪ əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ˈɛvəri wən əv ju hu hæv stək baɪ maɪ saɪd ənd ˈgɪvɪn jʊr səˈpɔrt. juv ɔl bɪn soʊ ˈwəndərfəl, ənd aɪ hoʊp aɪ kən dɪˈlɪvər səm kˈwɑləti wərk tɪ ju sun. ləv ənd laɪt, ˈɛriəl ˈəpˌdeɪt: soʊ aɪ θɪŋk ɪts taɪm aɪ stɑp ˈhaɪdɪŋ ənd brəʃ ðɪs θɪŋ ɔf. fərst, lɛt mi əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz tɪ ˈɛvriˌwən fər ðə ˌhɔˈrɛndəs ˈæbsəns ðɪs jɪr. maɪ əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn maɪ ˈraɪtɪŋz ənd meɪnˈteɪn maɪ ˈpæʃənz fər ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ðə ˈstɔriz sɔrt əv ʤɪst daɪd ɔf. ənd əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðət wi hæv hæd ə ˈvɛri ˈbɪzi jɪr æt maɪ wərk ənd ðət həz sɔrt əv kɪld maɪ mjuz. bət! aɪ ʤɪst graʊnd aʊt 4600 wərdz ɔn ˈʧæptər 4 əv waɪl aɪ slip ənd gɑt ɪt ˈpoʊstɪd ənd ðə ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ ˌaʊtˈpɔrɪŋ əv səˈpɔrt frəm maɪ ˈridərz həz rɪˈvaɪvd maɪ mjuz ənd ˈgɪvɪn mi səʧ ə draɪv tɪ wɔnt tɪ raɪt əˈgɛn. əm ɔˈrɛdi ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə nɛkst ˈʧæptər fər waɪl aɪ slip, ənd əm ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ˈsɔrsəri, ɛz wɛl ɛz ə ər tu ðət aɪv bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn bət ˈhævənt ˈpoʊstɪd fər fɪr əv ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈəpˌdeɪt ðoʊz ɛz wɛl. aɪ wɪl kip ju ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd! ˈfɑloʊ maɪ ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ fər ˈrɛgjələr ˈəpˌdeɪts ər fil fri tɪ piɛm mi hir /ˈəpˌdeɪt fərst, lɛt mi ʤɪst seɪ ɪt naʊ ðət aɪ æm ə ˈhɔrəbli ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt ənd ənˈlɛs aɪv ɔˈrɛdi ˈgɔtən ðə ˈrɪtən aʊt əˈhɛd əv ˈpoʊstɪŋ ɪt, doʊnt ɪkˈspɛkt ˈrɛgjələr ˈəpˌdeɪts. əm ˈkərəntli ˈhævɪŋ səm ˈsɪriəs ˈɪʃuz wɪθ maɪ əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ˈleɪtli ənd fər ðət aɪ əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz. aɪ əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ɔl ðoʊz huv bɪn ˈkipɪŋ əp wɪθ maɪ ənd hu hæv ɪkˈsprɛst ˈpeɪʃəns wɪθ mi. aɪ ˈprɑməs, nən əv maɪ wɪl ˈɛvər bi əˈbændənd, ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt dɪz teɪk mi ə waɪl tɪ ˈəpˌdeɪt ðɛm. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ gɪt ˈəpˌdeɪts, bi ʃʊr ənd laɪk maɪ peɪʤ, fanfics*: kræp, aɪ gɑt ə ˈtəmblər əm ˈɛriəl, ənd ˈraɪtər baɪ ˈhɑbi. ˌoʊˈkeɪ, soʊ ˈleɪtli aɪv bɪn ˌæbsəˈlutli əbˈsɛst wɪθ fæn, 99 ənd 1 ˈhɛri ˈpɑtər :oʊ) ənd 01 (sakuino*). wərk ɔn maɪ ˈækʧəwəl ˈnɑvəlz həz ˈteɪkən ə bækˈsit tɪ ðɪs əbˈsɛʃən ənd ðɛrz ˈnəθɪŋ aɪ kən du tɪ stɑp ɪt ˈəðər ðən spju aʊt ðiz aɪˈdiəz aɪ gɑt. soʊ!! ðɪs ɪz wət jʊr ˈgɑnə gɪt ənd jul laɪk ɪt! :pi aɪ plæn tɪ raɪt tu lɔŋ, æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt. ðiz tu aɪˈdiəz hæv ˈteɪkən ɔn ə laɪf əv ðɛr oʊn ənd aɪ geɪv əp ˈstɑpɪŋ ðɪs ə mənθ əˈgoʊ. aɪv ˈgɔtən ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəktəri ˈʧæptərz ˈrɪtən fər boʊθ, ənd æm ˈsɛtəld ɔn ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈpɑtər ˈkrɔˌsoʊvər fərst. əm ə wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈhɛri ˈpɑtər ənd aɪ plæn tɪ du boʊθ ðə ənd praʊd. soʊ wɪˈθaʊt ˈfərðər əˈdu, aɪ hoʊp ju ɔl ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ maɪ wərks ənd fil fri tɪ liv ˈɛni ˈpɑzətɪv ˈfidˌbæk ər kənˈstrəktɪv ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəmz ɔn maɪ wərks. noʊ fleɪmz, noʊ ˈdrɑmə, ənd pliz, ɪf ju doʊnt laɪk ðə ʃɪp, ðɛn seɪl ɔn ənd doʊnt ˈbɑðər ˈstɑpɪŋ hir. noʊ nid fər ˌnɛgəˈtɪvəti. aɪl æd ə kwɔrt əv tɪ hæv gʊd ˈfilɪŋz, jɑ? |
photo: brownie dishing out waves: a technician works on a doppler weather parabolic antenna, which is situated within a large tiled dome.
during the 1930s, with europe preparing for war, the british government badly needed a way to detect the approach of enemy aircraft. it got one, thanks to a engineer named robert, who devised and successfully tested a primitive radar system in 1935. by the time of the battle of britain in 1940, a chain of radar stations along eastern and southern coasts was providing enough warning of incoming bombers to allow civilians to find shelter underground and royal air force pilots to scramble their fighters into the air. king george vi recognized accomplishments with a knighthood in 1942. some historians even credit the engineer with survival during those terrifying times.
some 15 years later, when was in his and i was in my teens, he spoke at my canadian high school. the best part of the talk for us was his story about having been pulled over in a radar speed trap. he read us a poem he had composed while waiting for his case to be called:
pity sir robert,
strange target of this radar plot and thus, with others i can mention,
the victim of his own invention. his magical eye
enabled planes to fly but now by some ironic twist
it spots the speeding motorist and bites, no doubt with legal wit,
the hand that once created it.
photo: inventor of radar: sir robert is shown here at about the time he devised the first radar systems.
police with radar speed guns are indeed what leaps to most minds if you ask them what radar is good for, other than detecting aircraft. in fact, though, radar has proved to be an extraordinarily versatile technology, with established uses now in vehicles, weather monitoring, aerial reconnaissance, even for seeing through walls. but as applications for it proliferate at an accelerating rate, government regulators, including those in the united states, are having a hard time keeping up.
it’s vital that they do, because foot dragging on their part threatens to slow the pace of innovation. if you have any doubts, read on and discover just how deeply radar has integrated itself into the fabric of modern industrial society, despite what i regard as a problematic regulatory environment. a cautionary tale, and though concerned with radar here, the warning is relevant to many drones, ride sharing, and cryptocurrencies, to mention just a few.
much of the development of radar during world war ii, building on work, took place at radiation direct predecessor of the research laboratory of electronics. u.s. contributions helped to make radar equipment more effective and reliable, and also a lot smaller. one compact model, with electronics the size of a shoebox, warned fighter pilots of enemy aircraft approaching from behind. this device found another wartime application as well: the nuclear bombs dropped over hiroshima and nagasaki each carried four of these units to monitor the dwindling distance to the ground as the bombs descended, so that detonation could be triggered at a preset altitude.
vigorous development of radar continued after the war, and along with improvements to military systems, two civilian applications quickly emerged: control and maritime collision avoidance. the decades since have seen dozens of additional uses.
photos:; antonio fucci/ radiomilitari.com; military roots: radar guided the naval airmen working on the aircraft carrier uss essex in 1945 [top]. the compact radar [center] was used in some fighter aircraft of that era and also for altitude sensing in the first atomic bombs. radar was further refined during the cold war, when men like those shown here working at fort george g. meade in maryland in 1957 [bottom] used radar to scan the skies for an impending nuclear strike.
current radar technology falls into two broad categories. one is the direct descendant of wartime radar and is capable of ranges of up to hundreds of kilometers, using transmission concentrated in a relatively narrow slice of radio bandwidth. regulatory authorities call this form of radar. the other category covers systems that operate at much lower power levels, over much smaller distances.
for now, consider. quite simple: bounce a radio wave off a target and measure how long it takes for the radio echo to come back. that gives you its distance. the aiming of the antenna that produces the echo indicates the direction to the target.
the accuracy of your measurements depends, of course, on the electronics you use. the radar designers of the second world war had to contend with the limitations of vacuum tubes. postwar improvements, prompted by the advent of the transistor, included operation at frequencies, which made possible tighter beams from smaller antennas, which in turn enabled longer range and better directional precision. more sensitive receivers further increased the working distance.
advances in display technology were also important. and his team had cleverly contrived displays out of existing laboratory oscilloscopes. a horizontal trace would start moving across the screen when the signal left the transmitter and deflect a “blip”—when the signal returned. the horizontal distance from the starting point to the blip indicated the range to the target. this worked, but the task of constantly watching for blips in the “grass” (noise) quickly fatigued radar operators, which increased the risk of error.
during the cold war, the u.s. and canadian governments installed the distant early warning line: a chain of 63 radar stations across the arctic regions of both countries. the goal was to detect incoming soviet bombers in time to launch a retaliatory strike. foreseeing that either missed signals or false positives could be catastrophic, the designers developed an automatic system [pdf] to back up the operators. later applications, such as radars in aircraft and systems in cars, increasingly came to depend on automatic responses.
photo: ap photo distant early warning: stations of the dew line were used to provide the united states with detection of nuclear threats.
radiolocation’s realm expanded dramatically with the application of the doppler effect, relevant here because an electromagnetic wave reflected from an oncoming target comes back at a frequency higher than the transmitted frequency. likewise, a receding target results in a lower return frequency. the difference between transmitted and received frequencies provides a measure of the target speed relative to the radar antenna. that difference is always small. a target approaching at 100 kilometers per hour raises the received frequency by less than one part in 5 million, for example. fortunately, engineers have long known how to create circuits that can precisely compare nearly identical frequencies.
the earliest applications of doppler radar simply measured raw speed, like the police radar that caught in the 1950s. it would be another 20 years before the emergence of digital microprocessors made possible some truly amazing improvements. for example, the doppler effect can be used to step up the angular resolution in radar, which takes multiple radar scans from a moving platform, such as an airplane or spacecraft, and combines them into what looks like an infrared photo. ideal for military reconnaissance, the technology can reveal enemy facilities in total darkness and through cloud cover and foliage. peaceful uses include the monitoring of lake and river ice, glaciers, crops, deforestation, and coastal erosion, as well as the tracking of forest fires, floods, volcanic eruptions, and oil spills.
doppler weather radar, familiar to tv viewers and internet weather junkies, measures the distance and lateral speed of falling particles of rain or snow, allowing forecasters to plot the evolving locations of storms and the winds swirling inside them. such a system can even see through one storm to probe another one beyond it. some versions compare the reflections from vertically and horizontally polarized signals to distinguish among rain, hail, snow, and ice pellets. these radars can also detect tornadoes from the presence of debris in the air and plot a location and velocity in real that lets officials warn people in its projected path. a variation used at some airports tracks the activity of small airborne particles to pinpoint wind shear [pdf], which if undetected can cause aircraft to stall and drop during takeoff or landing, with possibly fatal results.
police and other first responders have access to another type of doppler radar device, one that sees through building walls [pdf] to locate hostages or captors and can even detect the breathing of an unconscious victim. a different configuration helps to find people trapped under the rubble of a collapsed building. still another type, used at mining sites, both identifies underground rock strata and monitors instabilities in the terrain that can forewarn of an impending cave-in.
and these are just the things that are already being done. forthcoming applications will detect birds near wind farms so as to cut down on avian mortality by halting the turbine blades when birds approach. installed near airports, similar radars could prevent mishaps like the forced landing of an airliner in the hudson river in 2009 after it ran into a flock of canada geese on takeoff from new york city. soon to come is a radar for bicyclists.
photo: national weather photo a-brewin’: doppler radar has proved invaluable for monitoring severe weather, such as hurricane charley, which devastated parts of florida in 2004.
the electromagnetic spectrum is a little like the space on a submarine: never enough to go around. so users of radio spectrum generally have to share it. the problem is that does not share well. long-range operation requires powerful transmitters and sensitive receivers because of the way the transmitted energy spreads out on its journey to the target and then on reflection. only a small fraction of the energy heads back toward the receiver, and that, too, spreads out as it travels. overall, the received signal drops off in proportion to the fourth power of the target distance.
from a sharing standpoint, presents the thorniest of all possible cases: a strong transmitted signal that is highly interfering to other users and a return signal so weak that extremely susceptible to incoming digital processing at the receiver can suppress some of the interfering signal. to make matters worse, many applications of radar, including defense, control, maritime safety, and weather prediction, are critical to human lives and safety, so radio interference can have catastrophic consequences.
given those concerns, you might expect to find a robust regulatory regime for, one that sets out clear operating limits and requires new installations to protect those already using these airwaves. yet no such regime exists in some countries, including the united states. the federal communications commission prescribes what frequency bands such radars can use, as all countries’ regulators do, but little else. the approves (or disapproves) power and bandwidth on a basis, and it can similarly authorize any type of modulation “upon a satisfactory showing of need,” with no guidance on what that entails. “no rules in advance,” says the, in effect. “apply for something, and let you know whether it passes muster with us.”
canada and taiwan follow a similar strategy in regulating equipment. perhaps the intent is to reduce regulatory barriers to new technologies. that would be laudable. but vague rules are more likely to be a hindrance. because a company with an idea for a new product, unable to know in advance whether it would qualify for approval, may be reluctant to invest in its development.
this loose approach is not universal, though. european regulators, for example, require compliance with certain technical standards while grandfathering in older types of equipment and offering procedures to obtain approval of new types. in other places, including parts of africa, regulators follow european standards and procedures. japan has its own system. some other countries avoid the problem entirely by keepinged equipment out of private hands, limiting its use exclusively to the government and the military.
the united states do that. instead, it allocates 14 frequency bands, ranging from 70 to 81, for services. all but one of these bands are shared with other applications. the most useful frequencies, from megahertz on up, are also shared with federal users.
but how do u.s. radar users outside of government share spectrum with one another? some radio services that accommodate multiple users impose a procedure called frequency coordination. details vary, but the aim is to assign each newcomer a frequency that minimizes the risk of interference both to and from incumbents. in the united states, the categories subject to frequency coordination include two-way radio, some satellite earth stations, and also most radio links, which are often used to connect cellular base stations, among other things. but is specifically exempt. a company that wants to install some new gizmo is free to choose its own frequency of operation within one of the bands. federal spectrum authorities study each filed application for the risk of interference to federal systems, but no one does the same to protect users on these frequencies.
in the united states and other countries where the private use of equipment is permitted, a licensing requirement of some sort seems to be universal, although it may not be widely respected. the’s database shows fewer than active licenses for the entire united states, not counting those for units used on vessels operating in u.s. are deemed to have licenses without anybody actually having to obtain them.
radiolocation the only use for radar, though. another family of applications, which evolved later, transmits much less well under a a much shorter range, usually just a few meters or less. it also uses a much wider radio bandwidth, typically in the tens to hundreds of megahertz.
these devices emit a train of short, pulses, which enable the equipment to measure return times more precisely. another benefit is that such a spreads energy over a lot of the radio a or more.
this kind of signal causes little radio interference to most other receivers, which are sensitive only to a narrow range of frequencies and so are affected by just a tiny fraction of the radar total power output, which is small to begin with. conversely, because the signals from most other kinds of radios are contained within a very narrow slice of spectrum, they have little effect on a performance.
the broad frequency range also confers a regulatory advantage. because governments typically set power limits on a basis, a radar using a wide bandwidth can emit a relatively high level of total power and still remain in compliance with the rules.
early examples of this technology appeared in the in the form of radar (gpr). this equipment helps excavation crews find underground pipes and cables, detects invisible defects under the surfaces of highways and airport runways, and once even located a woolly mammoth below the siberian permafrost. for decades, though, the united states had no regulations under which to authorize, so their sale and use were illegal. but the devices filled important needs, promoted public safety, and did not cause interference problems, nearly three generally looked the other way.
the finally authorized, along with several other kinds of systems, in 2002, as part of its proceeding. one reason it took so long was that the notion of allowing such transmissions drew vehement opposition from virtually every organized group of spectrum users, including key u.s. government agencies, all of which warned of crippling interference to their systems. the responded by setting very low power limits for all devices and mandated that this energy be spread thinly over the spectrum. it did this by stipulating that the power not exceed 75 per megahertz. the also imposed a minimum bandwidth equal to at least 20 percent of the center frequency or 500 mhz, whichever is less.
as time went on, and as the opponents’ predictions of doom failed to materialize, other nations adopted similar rules. some countries, including the united states and those of europe, began allowing radar systems that use less bandwidth and, in some cases, higher power than initially permitted. called radars, these use either-type pulse trains or signals. they gave rise to a host of vehicular, mining, industrial, public safety, and novel airport applications.
in contrast to the situation with, all countries that allow, radars have imposed detailed technical regulations. some did so by adopting versions of one standards, although most of the rules generally track the u.s. model. going in the other direction, a recent approval of industrial radars (used to gauge the levels of liquids and of piles of dry material in buildings and outdoors) largely followed european technical rules. manufacturers welcome this kind of global uniformity because it enables them to make products that they can sell in multiple countries.
policies on the licensing of radars are less uniform around the world. the united states permits all such units to operate without a license, although some are restricted to particular user groups, such as emergency personnel. radar equipment for which canada has technical standards are similarly license exempt. some countries, though, including ones in europe, require licensing for some categories of equipment, such as and certain industrial radars.
photo: a-comin’: an upcoming radar product called will help bicyclists detect vehicles approaching from behind.
by far the most widespread application of radar is in vehicles. a number of cars and trucks now feature adaptive cruise control, collision warning, automatic braking, detection, assist, and back-up alert systems [see “how we gave sight to the mercedes robotic car,” spectrum, august 2014]. nowhere, as far as i know, do these vehicular radars require a license. but vehicles go anywhere roads do, and their electromagnetic emissions go with fact that worries some spectrum users, particularly radio astronomers, whose extremely sensitive receivers make observations on the same frequencies that many countries use for vehicle radars. regulators have largely downplayed the astronomers’ concerns, responding instead to the automakers’ promises of better safety for motorists.
perhaps favoring vehicle radars over radio astronomy was an easy call. but when the radar industry offered to protect radio astronomers from interference by accepting a prohibition on installation close to their sites, the declined to impose such a requirement. the regulators may have reasoned that too many rules would slow the growth of this industry. certainly, there are many instances where this has been true. but excessive flexibility in regulatory requirements breeds uncertainty, which can both deter innovation and unnecessarily threaten other services.
watson-watt jokingly told the police officer who pulled him over that had he known radar would be used for speed traps, he would never have invented it. he might have changed his it would have pleased him he also known that his invention would not only protect civilians in their homes in wartime great britain but also make all of us more secure at industrial sites, in air travel, and on the highway.
this article originally appeared in print as “radar everywhere.”
about the author
mitchell lazarus has worked as an electrical engineer, psychology professor, education reformer, developer, freelance writer, and, most recently, a telecommunications lawyer. a partner with fletcher, heald & hildreth, he specializes in securing regulatory approvals for new technologies. lazarus writes about more than just electronics, however: he recently finished a book about the manhattan project. | ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈbraʊni ˈdɪʃɪŋ aʊt weɪvz: ə tɛkˈnɪʃən wərks ɔn ə ˈdɑplər ˈwɛðər ˌpɛrəˈbɑlɪk ænˈtɛnə, wɪʧ ɪz ˈsɪʧuˌeɪtɪd wɪˈθɪn ə lɑrʤ taɪld doʊm. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 1930s*, wɪθ ˈjʊrəp pərˈpɛrɪŋ fər wɔr, ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt ˈbædli ˈnidɪd ə weɪ tɪ dɪˈtɛkt ðə əˈproʊʧ əv ˈɛnəmi ˈɛrˌkræft. ɪt gɑt wən, θæŋks tɪ ə ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr neɪmd ˈrɑbərt, hu dɪˈvaɪzd ənd səkˈsɛsfəli ˈtɛstɪd ə ˈprɪmɪtɪv ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈsɪstəm ɪn 1935 baɪ ðə taɪm əv ðə ˈbætəl əv ˈbrɪtən ɪn 1940 ə ʧeɪn əv ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈsteɪʃənz əˈlɔŋ ˈistərn ənd ˈsəðərn koʊsts wɑz prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ɪˈnəf ˈwɔrnɪŋ əv ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈbɑmərz tɪ əˈlaʊ səˈvɪljənz tɪ faɪnd ˈʃɛltər ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ənd rɔɪəl ɛr fɔrs ˈpaɪləts tɪ ˈskræmbəl ðɛr ˈfaɪtərz ˈɪntu ðə ɛr. kɪŋ ʤɔrʤ vi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd əˈkɑmplɪʃmənts wɪθ ə ˈnaɪˌthʊd ɪn 1942 səm hɪˈstɔriənz ˈivɪn ˈkrɛdɪt ðə ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr wɪθ sərˈvaɪvəl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðoʊz ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ taɪmz. səm 15 jɪrz ˈleɪtər, wɪn wɑz ɪn hɪz ənd aɪ wɑz ɪn maɪ tinz, hi spoʊk æt maɪ kəˈneɪdiən haɪ skul. ðə bɛst pɑrt əv ðə tɔk fər ˈjuˈɛs wɑz hɪz ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt ˈhævɪŋ bɪn pʊld ˈoʊvər ɪn ə ˈreɪˌdɑr spid træp. hi rɛd ˈjuˈɛs ə poʊəm hi hæd kəmˈpoʊzd waɪl ˈweɪtɪŋ fər hɪz keɪs tɪ bi kɔld: ˈpɪti sər ˈrɑbərt, streɪnʤ ˈtərgət əv ðɪs ˈreɪˌdɑr plɑt ənd ðəs, wɪθ ˈəðərz aɪ kən ˈmɛnʃən, ðə ˈvɪktɪm əv hɪz oʊn ˌɪnˈvɛnʃən. hɪz ˈmæʤɪkəl aɪ ɪˈneɪbəld pleɪnz tɪ flaɪ bət naʊ baɪ səm aɪˈrɑnɪk twɪst ɪt spɑts ðə ˈspidɪŋ ˈmoʊtərɪst ənd baɪts, noʊ daʊt wɪθ ˈligəl wɪt, ðə hænd ðət wəns kriˈeɪtɪd ɪt. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˌɪnˈvɛntər əv ˈreɪˌdɑr: sər ˈrɑbərt ɪz ʃoʊn hir æt əˈbaʊt ðə taɪm hi dɪˈvaɪzd ðə fərst ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈsɪstəmz. pəˈlis wɪθ ˈreɪˌdɑr spid gənz ər ˌɪnˈdid wət lips tɪ moʊst maɪndz ɪf ju æsk ðɛm wət ˈreɪˌdɑr ɪz gʊd fər, ˈəðər ðən dɪˈtɛktɪŋ ˈɛrˌkræft. ɪn fækt, ðoʊ, ˈreɪˌdɑr həz pruvd tɪ bi ən ɛkˌstrɔrdəˈnɛrəli ˈvərsətəl tɛkˈnɑləʤi, wɪθ ɪˈstæblɪʃt ˈjuzɪz naʊ ɪn ˈviɪkəlz, ˈwɛðər ˈmɑnətərɪŋ, ˈɛriəl riˈkɑnəsəns, ˈivɪn fər siɪŋ θru wɔlz. bət ɛz ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ɪt proʊˈlɪfərˌeɪt æt ən ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ reɪt, ˈgəvərnmənt ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðoʊz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ər ˈhævɪŋ ə hɑrd taɪm ˈkipɪŋ əp. ˈvaɪtəl ðət ðeɪ du, bɪˈkəz fʊt ˈdrægɪŋ ɔn ðɛr pɑrt θˈrɛtənz tɪ sloʊ ðə peɪs əv ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən. ɪf ju hæv ˈɛni daʊts, rɛd ɔn ənd dɪˈskəvər ʤɪst haʊ ˈdipli ˈreɪˌdɑr həz ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈɪntu ðə ˈfæbrɪk əv ˈmɑdərn ˌɪnˈdəstriəl soʊˈsaɪɪti, dɪˈspaɪt wət aɪ rɪˈgɑrd ɛz ə ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ə ˈkɔʃəˌnɛri teɪl, ənd ðoʊ kənˈsərnd wɪθ ˈreɪˌdɑr hir, ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ ɪz ˈrɛləvənt tɪ ˈmɛni droʊnz, raɪd ˈʃɛrɪŋ, ənd cryptocurrencies*, tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ʤɪst ə fju. məʧ əv ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈdʊrɪŋ wərld wɔr ii*, ˈbɪldɪŋ ɔn wərk, tʊk pleɪs æt ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən dɪˈrɛkt ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər əv ðə ˈrisərʧ ˈlæbrəˌtɔri əv ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks. juz. ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz hɛlpt tɪ meɪk ˈreɪˌdɑr ɪkˈwɪpmənt mɔr ˈifɛktɪv ənd rɪˈlaɪəbəl, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ə lɔt sˈmɔlər. wən ˈkɑmpækt ˈmɑdəl, wɪθ ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks ðə saɪz əv ə ˈʃubɑks, wɔrnd ˈfaɪtər ˈpaɪləts əv ˈɛnəmi ˈɛrˌkræft əˈproʊʧɪŋ frəm bɪˈhaɪnd. ðɪs dɪˈvaɪs faʊnd əˈnəðər ˈwɔrˌtaɪm ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ɛz wɛl: ðə ˈnukliər bɑmz drɑpt ˈoʊvər ˌhɪˈroʊʃɪmə ənd ˌnɑgɑˈsɑki iʧ ˈkɛrid fɔr əv ðiz ˈjunɪts tɪ ˈmɑnətər ðə dˈwɪndəlɪŋ ˈdɪstəns tɪ ðə graʊnd ɛz ðə bɑmz dɪˈsɛndɪd, soʊ ðət ˌdɛtəˈneɪʃən kʊd bi ˈtrɪgərd æt ə priˈsɛt ˈæltəˌtud. ˈvɪgərəs dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈreɪˌdɑr kənˈtɪnjud ˈæftər ðə wɔr, ənd əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˌɪmˈpruvmənts tɪ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈsɪstəmz, tu səˈvɪljən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz kˈwɪkli ˈimərʤd: kənˈtroʊl ənd ˈmærəˌtaɪm kəˈlɪʒən əˈvɔɪdəns. ðə ˈdɛkeɪdz sɪns hæv sin ˈdəzənz əv əˈdɪʃənəl ˈjuzɪz. ˈfoʊˌtoʊz:; ænˈtoʊnioʊ ˈfuʧi/ radiomilitari.com*; ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ruts: ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈgaɪdɪd ðə ˈneɪvəl ˈɛrˌmɛn ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈɛrˌkræft ˈkɛriər ˈjuˈɛˈsɛs ˈɛsɪks ɪn 1945 [tɔp]. ðə ˈkɑmpækt ˈreɪˌdɑr [ˈsɛnər] wɑz juzd ɪn səm ˈfaɪtər ˈɛrˌkræft əv ðət ˈɪrə ənd ˈɔlsoʊ fər ˈæltəˌtud ˈsɛnsɪŋ ɪn ðə fərst əˈtɑmɪk bɑmz. ˈreɪˌdɑr wɑz ˈfərðər rɪˈfaɪnd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə koʊld wɔr, wɪn mɛn laɪk ðoʊz ʃoʊn hir ˈwərkɪŋ æt fɔrt ʤɔrʤ ʤi. mid ɪn ˈmɛrələnd ɪn 1957 [ˈbɑtəm] juzd ˈreɪˌdɑr tɪ skæn ðə skaɪz fər ən ˌɪmˈpɛndɪŋ ˈnukliər straɪk. ˈkɑrənt ˈreɪˌdɑr tɛkˈnɑləʤi fɔlz ˈɪntu tu brɔd ˈkætəˌgɔriz. wən ɪz ðə dɪˈrɛkt dɪˈsɛndənt əv ˈwɔrˌtaɪm ˈreɪˌdɑr ənd ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈreɪnʤɪz əv əp tɪ ˈhənərdz əv ˈkɪləˌmitərz, ˈjuzɪŋ trænzˈmɪʃən ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd ɪn ə ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈnɛroʊ slaɪs əv ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈbændwɪdθ. ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri əˈθɔrətiz kɔl ðɪs fɔrm əv ˈreɪˌdɑr. ðə ˈəðər ˈkætəˌgɔri ˈkəvərz ˈsɪstəmz ðət ˈɔpərˌeɪt æt məʧ loʊər paʊər ˈlɛvəlz, ˈoʊvər məʧ sˈmɔlər ˈdɪstənsɪz. fər naʊ, kənˈsɪdər. kwaɪt ˈsɪmpəl: baʊns ə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ weɪv ɔf ə ˈtərgət ənd ˈmɛʒər haʊ lɔŋ ɪt teɪks fər ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈɛkoʊ tɪ kəm bæk. ðət gɪvz ju ɪts ˈdɪstəns. ðə ˈeɪmɪŋ əv ðə ænˈtɛnə ðət prəˈdusɪz ðə ˈɛkoʊ ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn tɪ ðə ˈtərgət. ðə ˈækjərəsi əv jʊr ˈmɛʒərmənts dɪˈpɛndz, əv kɔrs, ɔn ðə ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks ju juz. ðə ˈreɪˌdɑr dɪˈzaɪnərz əv ðə ˈsɛkənd wərld wɔr hæd tɪ kənˈtɛnd wɪθ ðə ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz əv ˈvækjum tubz. ˈpoʊstˈwɔr ˌɪmˈpruvmənts, ˈprɑmptɪd baɪ ðə ˈædˌvɛnt əv ðə trænˈzɪstər, ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən æt ˈfrikwənsiz, wɪʧ meɪd ˈpɑsəbəl ˈtaɪtər bimz frəm sˈmɔlər ænˈtɛnəz, wɪʧ ɪn tərn ɪˈneɪbəld ˈlɔŋgər reɪnʤ ənd ˈbɛtər dɪˈrɛkʃɪnəl priˈsɪʒən. mɔr ˈsɛnsɪtɪv rɪˈsivərz ˈfərðər ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ˈwərkɪŋ ˈdɪstəns. ədˈvænsɪz ɪn dɪˈspleɪ tɛkˈnɑləʤi wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. ənd hɪz tim hæd ˈklɛvərli kənˈtraɪvd dɪˈspleɪz aʊt əv ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈlæbrəˌtɔri ˌɔˈsɪləˌskoʊps. ə ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl treɪs wʊd stɑrt ˈmuvɪŋ əˈkrɔs ðə skrin wɪn ðə ˈsɪgnəl lɛft ðə trænsˈmɪtər ənd dɪˈflɛkt ə ðə ˈsɪgnəl rɪˈtərnd. ðə ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl ˈdɪstəns frəm ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt tɪ ðə blɪp ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðə reɪnʤ tɪ ðə ˈtərgət. ðɪs wərkt, bət ðə tæsk əv ˈkɑnstəntli ˈwɑʧɪŋ fər blɪps ɪn ðə ““grass”*” (nɔɪz) kˈwɪkli fəˈtigd ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkrist ðə rɪsk əv ˈɛrər. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə koʊld wɔr, ðə juz. ənd kəˈneɪdiən ˈgəvərnmənts ˌɪnˈstɔld ðə ˈdɪstənt ˈərli ˈwɔrnɪŋ laɪn: ə ʧeɪn əv 63 ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈsteɪʃənz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈɑrtɪk ˈriʤənz əv boʊθ ˈkəntriz. ðə goʊl wɑz tɪ dɪˈtɛkt ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈbɑmərz ɪn taɪm tɪ lɔnʧ ə riˈtæljəˌtɔri straɪk. fɔrˈsiɪŋ ðət ˈiðər mɪst ˈsɪgnəlz ər fɔls ˈpɑzətɪvz kʊd bi ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk, ðə dɪˈzaɪnərz dɪˈvɛləpt ən ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˈsɪstəm [pdf*] tɪ bæk əp ðə ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz. ˈleɪtər ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, səʧ ɛz ˈreɪˌdɑrz ɪn ˈɛrˌkræft ənd ˈsɪstəmz ɪn kɑz, ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli keɪm tɪ dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ˌɔtəˈmætɪk rɪˈspɑnsɪz. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˌeɪˈpi ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈdɪstənt ˈərli ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ˈsteɪʃənz əv ðə du laɪn wər juzd tɪ prəˈvaɪd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɪθ dɪˈtɛkʃən əv ˈnukliər θrɛts. rɛlm ɪkˈspændɪd drəˈmætɪkəli wɪθ ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ðə ˈdɑplər ˈifɛkt, ˈrɛləvənt hir bɪˈkəz ən ˌɪˌlɛktroʊmægˈnɛtɪk weɪv rɪˈflɛktɪd frəm ən ˈɔnˌkəmɪŋ ˈtərgət kəmz bæk æt ə ˈfrikwənsi haɪər ðən ðə trænzˈmɪtəd ˈfrikwənsi. ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz, ə rɪˈsidɪŋ ˈtərgət rɪˈzəlts ɪn ə loʊər rɪˈtərn ˈfrikwənsi. ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin trænzˈmɪtəd ənd rɪˈsivd ˈfrikwənsiz prəˈvaɪdz ə ˈmɛʒər əv ðə ˈtərgət spid ˈrɛlətɪv tɪ ðə ˈreɪˌdɑr ænˈtɛnə. ðət ˈdɪfərəns ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz smɔl. ə ˈtərgət əˈproʊʧɪŋ æt 100 ˈkɪləˌmitərz pər aʊər ˈreɪzɪz ðə rɪˈsivd ˈfrikwənsi baɪ lɛs ðən wən pɑrt ɪn 5 ˈmɪljən, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. ˈfɔrʧənətli, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz hæv lɔŋ noʊn haʊ tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈsərkəts ðət kən prɪˈsaɪsli kəmˈpɛr ˈnɪrli aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ˈfrikwənsiz. ðə ˈərliəst ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz əv ˈdɑplər ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈsɪmpli ˈmɛʒərd rɑ spid, laɪk ðə pəˈlis ˈreɪˌdɑr ðət kɔt ɪn ðə 1950s*. ɪt wʊd bi əˈnəðər 20 jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˌmaɪkroʊˈprɑsɛsərz meɪd ˈpɑsəbəl səm ˈtruli əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˌɪmˈpruvmənts. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ˈdɑplər ˈifɛkt kən bi juzd tɪ stɛp əp ðə ˈæŋgjələr ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ɪn ˈreɪˌdɑr, wɪʧ teɪks ˈməltəpəl ˈreɪˌdɑr skænz frəm ə ˈmuvɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrm, səʧ ɛz ən ˈɛrˌpleɪn ər ˈspeɪˌskræft, ənd kəmˈbaɪnz ðɛm ˈɪntu wət lʊks laɪk ən ˌɪnfrərˈɛd ˈfoʊˌtoʊ. aɪˈdil fər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri riˈkɑnəsəns, ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi kən rɪˈvil ˈɛnəmi fəˈsɪlɪtiz ɪn ˈtoʊtəl ˈdɑrknəs ənd θru klaʊd ˈkəvər ənd ˈfoʊlɪʤ. ˈpisfəl ˈjuzɪz ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈmɑnətərɪŋ əv leɪk ənd ˈrɪvər aɪs, ˈgleɪʃərz, krɑps, dɪˌfɔrɪˈsteɪʃən, ənd ˈkoʊstəl ɪˈroʊʒən, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈtrækɪŋ əv ˈfɔrɪst faɪərz, flədz, vɑlˈkænɪk ˌɪˈrəpʃənz, ənd ɔɪl spɪlz. ˈdɑplər ˈwɛðər ˈreɪˌdɑr, fəˈmɪljər tɪ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən vjuərz ənd ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈwɛðər ˈʤəŋkiz, ˈmɛʒərz ðə ˈdɪstəns ənd ˈlætərəl spid əv ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈpɑrtɪkəlz əv reɪn ər snoʊ, əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈfɔrˌkæstərz tɪ plɑt ðə ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ loʊˈkeɪʃənz əv stɔrmz ənd ðə wɪndz sˈwərlɪŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðɛm. səʧ ə ˈsɪstəm kən ˈivɪn si θru wən stɔrm tɪ proʊb əˈnəðər wən bɪɔnd ɪt. səm ˈvərʒənz kəmˈpɛr ðə rɪˈflɛkʃənz frəm ˈvərtɪkli ənd ˌhɔrɪˈzɑntəli ˈpoʊlərˌaɪzd ˈsɪgnəlz tɪ dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ əˈməŋ reɪn, heɪl, snoʊ, ənd aɪs ˈpɛləts. ðiz ˈreɪˌdɑrz kən ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈtɛkt tɔrˈneɪdoʊz frəm ðə ˈprɛzəns əv dəˈbri ɪn ðə ɛr ənd plɑt ə loʊˈkeɪʃən ənd vəˈlɑsəti ɪn ril ðət lɛts əˈfɪʃəlz wɔrn ˈpipəl ɪn ɪts prɑˈʤɛktəd pæθ. ə ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən juzd æt səm ˈɛrˌpɔrts træks ðə ækˈtɪvɪti əv smɔl ˈɛrˌbɔrn ˈpɑrtɪkəlz tɪ ˈpɪnˌpɔɪnt wɪnd ʃɪr [pdf*], wɪʧ ɪf ˌəndɪˈtɛktɪd kən kɔz ˈɛrˌkræft tɪ stɔl ənd drɔp ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈteɪˌkɔf ər ˈlændɪŋ, wɪθ ˈpɑsəbli ˈfeɪtəl rɪˈzəlts. pəˈlis ənd ˈəðər fərst rɪˈspɑndərz hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ əˈnəðər taɪp əv ˈdɑplər ˈreɪˌdɑr dɪˈvaɪs, wən ðət siz θru ˈbɪldɪŋ wɔlz [pdf*] tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ˈhɑstəʤəz ər ˈkæptərz ənd kən ˈivɪn dɪˈtɛkt ðə ˈbriðɪŋ əv ən ˌənˈkɑnʃəs ˈvɪktɪm. ə ˈdɪfərənt kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən hɛlps tɪ faɪnd ˈpipəl træpt ˈəndər ðə ˈrəbəl əv ə kəˈlæpst ˈbɪldɪŋ. stɪl əˈnəðər taɪp, juzd æt ˈmaɪnɪŋ saɪts, boʊθ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪz ˈəndərˌgraʊnd rɑk ˈstrætə ənd ˈmɑnətərz ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪtiz ɪn ðə təreɪn ðət kən fɔrˈwɔrn əv ən ˌɪmˈpɛndɪŋ cave-in*. ənd ðiz ər ʤɪst ðə θɪŋz ðət ər ɔˈrɛdi biɪŋ dən. ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz wɪl dɪˈtɛkt bərdz nɪr wɪnd fɑrmz soʊ ɛz tɪ kət daʊn ɔn ˈeɪviən mɔrˈtæləti baɪ ˈhɔltɪŋ ðə ˈtərbaɪn bleɪdz wɪn bərdz əˈproʊʧ. ˌɪnˈstɔld nɪr ˈɛrˌpɔrts, ˈsɪmələr ˈreɪˌdɑrz kʊd prɪˈvɛnt ˈmɪsˌhæps laɪk ðə fɔrst ˈlændɪŋ əv ən ˈɛˌrlaɪnər ɪn ðə ˈhədsən ˈrɪvər ɪn 2009 ˈæftər ɪt ræn ˈɪntu ə flɑk əv ˈkænədə gis ɔn ˈteɪˌkɔf frəm nu jɔrk ˈsɪti. sun tɪ kəm ɪz ə ˈreɪˌdɑr fər ˈbaɪˌsɪklɪsts. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈnæʃənəl ˈwɛðər ˈfoʊˌtoʊ a-brewin’*’: ˈdɑplər ˈreɪˌdɑr həz pruvd ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl fər ˈmɑnətərɪŋ səˈvɪr ˈwɛðər, səʧ ɛz ˈhərəˌkeɪnz ˈʧɑrli, wɪʧ ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd pɑrts əv ˈflɔrɪdə ɪn 2004 ðə ˌɪˌlɛktroʊmægˈnɛtɪk ˈspɛktrəm ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl laɪk ðə speɪs ɔn ə ˌsəbmərˈin: ˈnɛvər ɪˈnəf tɪ goʊ əraʊnd. soʊ ˈjuzərz əv ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈspɛktrəm ˈʤɛnərəli hæv tɪ ʃɛr ɪt. ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət dɪz nɑt ʃɛr wɛl. ˈlɔŋˈreɪnʤ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən rikˈwaɪərz ˈpaʊərfəl trænsˈmɪtərz ənd ˈsɛnsɪtɪv rɪˈsivərz bɪˈkəz əv ðə weɪ ðə trænzˈmɪtəd ˈɛnərʤi sprɛdz aʊt ɔn ɪts ˈʤərni tɪ ðə ˈtərgət ənd ðɛn ɔn rɪˈflɛkʃən. ˈoʊnli ə smɔl ˈfrækʃən əv ðə ˈɛnərʤi hɛdz bæk təˈwɔrd ðə rɪˈsivər, ənd ðət, tu, sprɛdz aʊt ɛz ɪt ˈtrævəlz. ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ðə rɪˈsivd ˈsɪgnəl drɑps ɔf ɪn prəˈpɔrʃən tɪ ðə fɔrθ paʊər əv ðə ˈtərgət ˈdɪstəns. frəm ə ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˈstændˌpɔɪnt, ˈprɛzənts ðə ˈθɔrniəst əv ɔl ˈpɑsəbəl ˈkeɪsɪz: ə strɔŋ trænzˈmɪtəd ˈsɪgnəl ðət ɪz ˈhaɪli ˌɪnərˈfɪrɪŋ tɪ ˈəðər ˈjuzərz ənd ə rɪˈtərn ˈsɪgnəl soʊ wik ðət ɪkˈstrimli səˈsɛptəbəl tɪ ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ æt ðə rɪˈsivər kən səˈprɛs səm əv ðə ˌɪnərˈfɪrɪŋ ˈsɪgnəl. tɪ meɪk ˈmætərz wərs, ˈmɛni ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz əv ˈreɪˌdɑr, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ dɪˈfɛns, kənˈtroʊl, ˈmærəˌtaɪm ˈseɪfti, ənd ˈwɛðər priˈdɪkʃən, ər ˈkrɪtɪkəl tɪ ˈjumən lɪvz ənd ˈseɪfti, soʊ ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns kən hæv ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz. ˈgɪvɪn ðoʊz kənˈsərnz, ju maɪt ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ faɪnd ə roʊˈbəst ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri rəˈʒim fər, wən ðət sɛts aʊt klɪr ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈlɪmɪts ənd rikˈwaɪərz nu ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃənz tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðoʊz ɔˈrɛdi ˈjuzɪŋ ðiz ˈɛrˌweɪvz. jɛt noʊ səʧ rəˈʒim ɪgˈzɪsts ɪn səm ˈkəntriz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ðə ˈfɛdərəl kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz kəˈmɪʃən priˈskraɪbz wət ˈfrikwənsi bændz səʧ ˈreɪˌdɑrz kən juz, ɛz ɔl countries’*’ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz du, bət ˈlɪtəl ɛls. ðə əˈpruvz (ər dɪsəˈpruvz) paʊər ənd ˈbændwɪdθ ɔn ə ˈbeɪsɪs, ənd ɪt kən ˈsɪmələrli ˈɔθərˌaɪz ˈɛni taɪp əv ˌmɑʤəˈleɪʃən ə ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri ʃoʊɪŋ əv need,”*,” wɪθ noʊ ˈgaɪdəns ɔn wət ðət ɪnˈteɪlz. rulz ɪn advance,”*,” sɪz ðə, ɪn ˈifɛkt. fər ˈsəmθɪŋ, ənd lɛt ju noʊ ˈwɛðər ɪt ˈpæsɪz ˈməstər wɪθ us.”*.” ˈkænədə ənd ˈtaɪˈwɑn ˈfɑloʊ ə ˈsɪmələr ˈstrætəʤi ɪn ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt. pərˈhæps ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɪz tɪ rɪˈdus ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈbɛriərz tɪ nu tɛkˈnɑləʤiz. ðət wʊd bi ˈlɔdəbəl. bət veɪg rulz ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ə ˈhɪndrəns. bɪˈkəz ə ˈkəmpəˌni wɪθ ən aɪˈdiə fər ə nu ˈprɑdəkt, əˈneɪbəl tɪ noʊ ɪn ədˈvæns ˈwɛðər ɪt wʊd kˈwɑləˌfaɪ fər əˈpruvəl, meɪ bi rɪˈləktənt tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn ɪts dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ðɪs lus əˈproʊʧ ɪz nɑt ˌjunəˈvərsəl, ðoʊ. ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˌrikˈwaɪər kəmˈplaɪəns wɪθ ˈsərtən ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈstændərdz waɪl ˈgrænˌfɑðərɪŋ ɪn ˈoʊldər taɪps əv ɪkˈwɪpmənt ənd ˈɔfərɪŋ prəˈsiʤərz tɪ əbˈteɪn əˈpruvəl əv nu taɪps. ɪn ˈəðər ˈpleɪsɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ pɑrts əv ˈæfrɪkɑ, ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz ˈfɑloʊ ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈstændərdz ənd prəˈsiʤərz. ʤəˈpæn həz ɪts oʊn ˈsɪstəm. səm ˈəðər ˈkəntriz əˈvɔɪd ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪnˈtaɪərli baɪ ˈkipɪŋ ˌhaɪˈpaʊərd ɪkˈwɪpmənt aʊt əv ˈpraɪvət hænz, ˈlɪmətɪŋ ɪts juz ɪkˈsklusɪvli tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts du ðət. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ɪt ˈæləˌkeɪts 14 ˈfrikwənsi bændz, ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm 70 tɪ 81, fər ˈsərvɪsɪz. ɔl bət wən əv ðiz bændz ər ʃɛrd wɪθ ˈəðər ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. ðə moʊst ˈjusfəl ˈfrikwənsiz, frəm ˈmɛgəhərts ɔn əp, ər ˈɔlsoʊ ʃɛrd wɪθ ˈfɛdərəl ˈjuzərz. bət haʊ du juz. ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈjuzərz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈgəvərnmənt ʃɛr ˈspɛktrəm wɪθ wən əˈnəðər? səm ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈsərvɪsɪz ðət əˈkɑməˌdeɪt ˈməltəpəl ˈjuzərz ˌɪmˈpoʊz ə prəˈsiʤər kɔld ˈfrikwənsi koʊˌɔrdəˈneɪʃən. ˈditeɪlz ˈvɛri, bət ðə eɪm ɪz tɪ əˈsaɪn iʧ ˈnuˌkəmər ə ˈfrikwənsi ðət ˈmɪnəˌmaɪzəz ðə rɪsk əv ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns boʊθ tɪ ənd frəm ˌɪnˈkəmbənts. ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ðə ˈkætəˌgɔriz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈfrikwənsi koʊˌɔrdəˈneɪʃən ˌɪnˈklud ˈtuˌweɪ ˈreɪdiˌoʊ, səm ˈsætəˌlaɪt ərθ ˈsteɪʃənz, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ moʊst ˈreɪdiˌoʊ lɪŋks, wɪʧ ər ˈɔfən juzd tɪ kəˈnɛkt ˈsɛljələr beɪs ˈsteɪʃənz, əˈməŋ ˈəðər θɪŋz. bət ɪz spəˈsɪfɪkli ɪgˈzɛmpt. ə ˈkəmpəˌni ðət wɔnts tɪ ˌɪnˈstɔl səm nu ˈgɪzˌmoʊ ɪz fri tɪ ʧuz ɪts oʊn ˈfrikwənsi əv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən wɪˈθɪn wən əv ðə bændz. ˈfɛdərəl ˈspɛktrəm əˈθɔrətiz ˈstədi iʧ faɪld ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən fər ðə rɪsk əv ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns tɪ ˈfɛdərəl ˈsɪstəmz, bət noʊ wən dɪz ðə seɪm tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈjuzərz ɔn ðiz ˈfrikwənsiz. ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈəðər ˈkəntriz wɛr ðə ˈpraɪvət juz əv ɪkˈwɪpmənt ɪz pərˈmɪtɪd, ə ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ rɪkˈwaɪrmənt əv səm sɔrt simz tɪ bi ˌjunəˈvərsəl, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt meɪ nɑt bi ˈwaɪdli rɪˈspɛktɪd. ðə ˈdætəˌbeɪs ʃoʊz fjuər ðən ˈæktɪv ˈlaɪsənsɪz fər ðə ɪnˈtaɪər juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, nɑt ˈkaʊntɪŋ ðoʊz fər ˈjunɪts juzd ɔn ˈvɛsəlz ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn juz. ər dimd tɪ hæv ˈlaɪsənsɪz wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛnibədi ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈhævɪŋ tɪ əbˈteɪn ðɛm. ðə ˈoʊnli juz fər ˈreɪˌdɑr, ðoʊ. əˈnəðər ˈfæməli əv ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, wɪʧ ɪˈvɑlvd ˈleɪtər, trænzˈmɪts məʧ lɛs wɛl ˈəndər ə ə məʧ ˈʃɔrtər reɪnʤ, ˈjuʒəwəli ʤɪst ə fju ˈmitərz ər lɛs. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈjuzɪz ə məʧ ˈwaɪdər ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈbændwɪdθ, ˈtɪpɪkəli ɪn ðə tɛnz tɪ ˈhənərdz əv ˈmɛgəhərts. ðiz dɪˈvaɪsɪz ɪˈmɪt ə treɪn əv ʃɔrt, ˈpəlsɪz, wɪʧ ɪˈneɪbəl ðə ɪkˈwɪpmənt tɪ ˈmɛʒər rɪˈtərn taɪmz mɔr prɪˈsaɪsli. əˈnəðər ˈbɛnəfɪt ɪz ðət səʧ ə sprɛdz ˈɛnərʤi ˈoʊvər ə lɔt əv ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ə ər mɔr. ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˈsɪgnəl ˈkɔzɪz ˈlɪtəl ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns tɪ moʊst ˈəðər rɪˈsivərz, wɪʧ ər ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ˈoʊnli tɪ ə ˈnɛroʊ reɪnʤ əv ˈfrikwənsiz ənd soʊ ər əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ʤɪst ə ˈtaɪni ˈfrækʃən əv ðə ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈtoʊtəl paʊər ˈaʊtˌpʊt, wɪʧ ɪz smɔl tɪ bɪˈgɪn wɪθ. ˈkɑnvərsli, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈsɪgnəlz frəm moʊst ˈəðər kaɪnz əv ˈreɪdiˌoʊz ər kənˈteɪnd wɪˈθɪn ə ˈvɛri ˈnɛroʊ slaɪs əv ˈspɛktrəm, ðeɪ hæv ˈlɪtəl ˈifɛkt ɔn ə pərˈfɔrməns. ðə brɔd ˈfrikwənsi reɪnʤ ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈfərz ə ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ædˈvæntɪʤ. bɪˈkəz ˈgəvərnmənts ˈtɪpɪkəli sɛt paʊər ˈlɪmɪts ɔn ə ˈbeɪsɪs, ə ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈjuzɪŋ ə waɪd ˈbændwɪdθ kən ɪˈmɪt ə ˈrɛlətɪvli haɪ ˈlɛvəl əv ˈtoʊtəl paʊər ənd stɪl rɪˈmeɪn ɪn kəmˈplaɪəns wɪθ ðə rulz. ˈərli ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv ðɪs tɛkˈnɑləʤi əˈpɪrd ɪn ðə ɪn ðə fɔrm əv ˈreɪˌdɑr (gpr*). ðɪs ɪkˈwɪpmənt hɛlps ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃən kruz faɪnd ˈəndərˌgraʊnd paɪps ənd ˈkeɪbəlz, dɪˈtɛkts ˌɪnˈvɪzəbəl ˈdifɛkts ˈəndər ðə ˈsərfəsɪz əv ˈhaɪˌweɪz ənd ˈɛrˌpɔrt ˈrənˌweɪz, ənd wəns ˈivɪn ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ə ˈwʊli ˈmæməθ bɪˈloʊ ðə saɪˈbɪriən permafrost*. fər ˈdɛkeɪdz, ðoʊ, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts hæd noʊ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ˈəndər wɪʧ tɪ ˈɔθərˌaɪz, soʊ ðɛr seɪl ənd juz wər ˌɪˈligəl. bət ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪz fɪld ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt nidz, prəˈmoʊtəd ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti, ənd dɪd nɑt kɔz ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns ˈprɑbləmz, ˈnɪrli θri ˈʤɛnərəli lʊkt ðə ˈəðər weɪ. ðə ˈfaɪnəli ˈɔθərˌaɪzd, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðər kaɪnz əv ˈsɪstəmz, ɪn 2002 ɛz pɑrt əv ɪts prəˈsidɪŋ. wən ˈrizən ɪt tʊk soʊ lɔŋ wɑz ðət ðə ˈnoʊʃən əv əˈlaʊɪŋ səʧ trænzˈmɪʃənz dru ˈviəmənt ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən frəm ˈvərʧuəli ˈɛvəri ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd grup əv ˈspɛktrəm ˈjuzərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ki juz. ˈgəvərnmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz, ɔl əv wɪʧ wɔrnd əv ˈkrɪpəlɪŋ ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns tɪ ðɛr ˈsɪstəmz. ðə rɪˈspɑndɪd baɪ ˈsɛtɪŋ ˈvɛri loʊ paʊər ˈlɪmɪts fər ɔl dɪˈvaɪsɪz ənd ˈmænˌdeɪtɪd ðət ðɪs ˈɛnərʤi bi sprɛd ˈθɪnli ˈoʊvər ðə ˈspɛktrəm. ɪt dɪd ðɪs baɪ ˈstɪpjəˌleɪtɪŋ ðət ðə paʊər nɑt ɪkˈsid 75 pər ˈmɛgəhərts. ðə ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ə ˈmɪnəməm ˈbændwɪdθ ˈikwəl tɪ æt list 20 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈsɛnər ˈfrikwənsi ər 500 mhz*, wɪˈʧɛvər ɪz lɛs. ɛz taɪm wɛnt ɔn, ənd ɛz ðə opponents’*’ priˈdɪkʃənz əv dum feɪld tɪ məˈtɪriəˌlaɪz, ˈəðər ˈneɪʃənz əˈdɑptəd ˈsɪmələr rulz. səm ˈkəntriz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ðoʊz əv ˈjʊrəp, bɪˈgæn əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈsɪstəmz ðət juz lɛs ˈbændwɪdθ ənd, ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz, haɪər paʊər ðən ˌɪˈnɪʃəli pərˈmɪtɪd. kɔld ˈreɪˌdɑrz, ðiz juz ˈiðər pəls treɪnz ər ˈsɪgnəlz. ðeɪ geɪv raɪz tɪ ə hoʊst əv viˈhɪkjələr, ˈmaɪnɪŋ, ˌɪnˈdəstriəl, ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti, ənd ˈnɑvəl ˈɛrˌpɔrt ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. ɪn ˈkɑntræst tɪ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɪθ, ɔl ˈkəntriz ðət əˈlaʊ, ˈreɪˌdɑrz hæv ˌɪmˈpoʊzd dɪˈteɪld ˈtɛknɪkəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz. səm dɪd soʊ baɪ əˈdɑptɪŋ ˈvərʒənz əv wən ˈstændərdz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ moʊst əv ðə rulz ˈʤɛnərəli træk ðə juz. ˈmɑdəl. goʊɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈəðər dɪˈrɛkʃɪn, ə ˈrisənt əˈpruvəl əv ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈreɪˌdɑrz (juzd tɪ geɪʤ ðə ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈlɪkwɪdz ənd əv paɪlz əv draɪ məˈtɪriəl ɪn ˈbɪldɪŋz ənd ˈaʊtˈdɔrz) ˈlɑrʤli ˈfɑloʊd ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈtɛknɪkəl rulz. ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ˈwɛlkəm ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˈgloʊbəl ˌjunəˈfɔrməti bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪˈneɪbəlz ðɛm tɪ meɪk ˈprɑdəkts ðət ðeɪ kən sɛl ɪn ˈməltəpəl ˈkəntriz. ˈpɑləsiz ɔn ðə ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ əv ˈreɪˌdɑrz ər lɛs ˈjunəˌfɔrm əraʊnd ðə wərld. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈpərˌmɪts ɔl səʧ ˈjunɪts tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈlaɪsəns, ˌɔlˈðoʊ səm ər riˈstrɪktɪd tɪ ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈjuzər grups, səʧ ɛz ˈimərʤənsi ˌpərsəˈnɛl. ˈreɪˌdɑr ɪkˈwɪpmənt fər wɪʧ ˈkænədə həz ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈstændərdz ər ˈsɪmələrli ˈlaɪsəns ɪgˈzɛmpt. səm ˈkəntriz, ðoʊ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wənz ɪn ˈjʊrəp, ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ fər səm ˈkætəˌgɔriz əv ɪkˈwɪpmənt, səʧ ɛz ənd ˈsərtən ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈreɪˌdɑrz. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: a-comin’*’: ən ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈprɑdəkt kɔld wɪl hɛlp ˈbaɪˌsɪklɪsts dɪˈtɛkt ˈviɪkəlz əˈproʊʧɪŋ frəm bɪˈhaɪnd. baɪ fɑr ðə moʊst ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ˈreɪˌdɑr ɪz ɪn ˈviɪkəlz. ə ˈnəmbər əv kɑz ənd trəks naʊ ˈfiʧər əˈdæptɪv kruz kənˈtroʊl, kəˈlɪʒən ˈwɔrnɪŋ, ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˈbreɪkɪŋ, dɪˈtɛkʃən, əˈsɪst, ənd ˈbæˌkəp əˈlərt ˈsɪstəmz [si wi geɪv saɪt tɪ ðə mərˈseɪdiz ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk car,”*,” ˈspɛktrəm, ˈɔgəst 2014 ˈnoʊˌwɛr, ɛz fɑr ɛz aɪ noʊ, du ðiz viˈhɪkjələr ˈreɪˌdɑrz ˌrikˈwaɪər ə ˈlaɪsəns. bət ˈviɪkəlz goʊ ˈɛniˌwɛr roʊdz du, ənd ðɛr ˌɪˌlɛktroʊmægˈnɛtɪk ɪˈmɪʃənz goʊ wɪθ fækt ðət ˈwəriz səm ˈspɛktrəm ˈjuzərz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈreɪdiˌoʊ əˈstrɑnəmərz, huz ɪkˈstrimli ˈsɛnsɪtɪv rɪˈsivərz meɪk ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz ɔn ðə seɪm ˈfrikwənsiz ðət ˈmɛni ˈkəntriz juz fər ˈviɪkəl ˈreɪˌdɑrz. ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz hæv ˈlɑrʤli ˈdaʊnˌpleɪd ðə astronomers’*’ kənˈsərnz, rɪˈspɑndɪŋ ˌɪnˈstɛd tɪ ðə automakers’*’ ˈprɑməsəz əv ˈbɛtər ˈseɪfti fər ˈmoʊtərɪsts. pərˈhæps ˈfeɪvərɪŋ ˈviɪkəl ˈreɪˌdɑrz ˈoʊvər ˈreɪdiˌoʊ əˈstrɑnəmi wɑz ən ˈizi kɔl. bət wɪn ðə ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈɪndəstri ˈɔfərd tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈreɪdiˌoʊ əˈstrɑnəmərz frəm ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns baɪ əkˈsɛptɪŋ ə ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən ɔn ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən kloʊz tɪ ðɛr saɪts, ðə dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˌɪmˈpoʊz səʧ ə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt. ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz meɪ hæv ˈrizənd ðət tu ˈmɛni rulz wʊd sloʊ ðə groʊθ əv ðɪs ˈɪndəstri. ˈsərtənli, ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈɪnstənsɪz wɛr ðɪs həz bɪn tru. bət ɪkˈsɛsɪv ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti ɪn ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri rɪkˈwaɪrmənts bridz ənˈsərtənti, wɪʧ kən boʊθ dɪˈtər ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ənd ənˈnɛsəˌsɛrəli θˈrɛtən ˈəðər ˈsərvɪsɪz. ˈʤoʊkɪŋli toʊld ðə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər hu pʊld ɪm ˈoʊvər ðət hæd hi noʊn ˈreɪˌdɑr wʊd bi juzd fər spid træps, hi wʊd ˈnɛvər hæv ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd ɪt. hi maɪt hæv ʧeɪnʤd hɪz ɪt wʊd hæv plizd ɪm hi ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ðət hɪz ˌɪnˈvɛnʃən wʊd nɑt ˈoʊnli prəˈtɛkt səˈvɪljənz ɪn ðɛr hoʊmz ɪn ˈwɔrˌtaɪm greɪt ˈbrɪtən bət ˈɔlsoʊ meɪk ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs mɔr sɪˈkjʊr æt ˌɪnˈdəstriəl saɪts, ɪn ɛr ˈtrævəl, ənd ɔn ðə ˈhaɪˌweɪ. ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ərˈɪʤənəli əˈpɪrd ɪn prɪnt ɛz everywhere.”*.” əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɔθər ˈmɪʧəl ˈlæzərəs həz wərkt ɛz ən ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr, saɪˈkɑləʤi prəˈfɛsər, ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən rɪˈfɔrmər, dɪˈvɛləpər, ˈfriˌlæns ˈraɪtər, ənd, moʊst ˈrisəntli, ə ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈlɔjər. ə ˈpɑrtnər wɪθ ˈflɛʧər, hild ˈhɪldrɪθ, hi ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪz ɪn sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri əˈpruvəlz fər nu tɛkˈnɑləʤiz. ˈlæzərəs raɪts əˈbaʊt mɔr ðən ʤɪst ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks, ˌhaʊˈɛvər: hi ˈrisəntli ˈfɪnɪʃt ə bʊk əˈbaʊt ðə mænˈhætən ˈprɑʤɛkt. |
shuu-chan from the planning team likes the figure so much that he tried to take the same pose himself! (((ﾟдﾟ)))
to show how determined he was, he even tried to get the expression right! although i have to say that perhaps the cute upward glances should be left to the girls… :p
anyway, today be taking a closer look at this figure that loves!!
from waiting in the summer:
1/7th scale
from the romantic comedy ‘waiting in the summer’ comes a scale figure of the main heroine,! the pose is based on an illustration by the series’ original character designer, uon. careful attention has been made to keep the same feeling of the original illustration by faithfully recreating the relaxed, gentle appearance of.
she’s rather sexy for a high school student!! (*ﾟ∀ﾟ)=3
i wish she could share some of that sex appeal with everyone else!!
many of you will know this pose from the cover of first volume amazing how similar she looks to the original illustration!!
this is how she looks from the back!
the long hair that sweeps down to her hips, and if you look at the bottom see the tips of her hair have both a front and back layer!
plus just look at this adorable looking way of sitting!! it just makes me wish i could come up behind her and give her a big hug!!*)
she is such a goddess!!
just look at that beautiful smile strangely hard to describe!! the whole expression has a motherly quality to it!
ichika’s gentle and kind personality even manages to come through the figure, and the amazing on her glasses is also noteworthy!!
lovely slim arms and a beautiful body!
this angle from the side has to be my favorite! have to say the best way to describe her body is ladylike she has a much more mature looking appearance than expect of a high school student!
also note the delicate hand placed on her shoe, the creases in her clothes which let you get a better picture of her waistline and even the little peek you get of her thighs through the skirt! the figure is just filled with-senpai’s charm!
just look at those… err, that collar area!
i’d often say you help your eyes shooting down to her breasts… but this time around i help staring at them! :p
but really not the only thing to look at! the little bit of skin showing around her collar area is also super sexy!! so nice to see such incredible detail put into such small areas of the figure! great job!! (`・ω・´)
nobody could say no to this cute pose!
if any girl did this to me, fairly certain fall for her in a heartbeat!!! (*`ω´)
she’s posed gently twirling her finger in her hair the hand looks lovely enough by itself, but also surrounded by her lovely hair the sculpting looks great from so many different angles!
☆(ﾉﾟ∀ﾟ)人(ﾟ∀ﾟ )ﾉ☆ yay!!
a shot from a slightly lower angle! (=゜ω゜=）
the other day i got told off by one of my superiors for taking some blog posts a little too far, so i have to be careful… but i had to include this as to me the best angle to show off her lovely bust!
whether a figure or a real person, you always have to find the angles that show them off in the most cute and beautiful way possible! you need to make sure to capture every one of their most charming points!
her captivating thighs!!σ(ﾟ∀ﾟ*)
i was trying to figure out why the combination of a skirt and thighs look so amazing, and i came to the conclusion that it must be the little triangles that are formed between the folds in the skirt and the skin! they look great!
the sitting pose also means that you can really make out the smooth line of her thighs, which adds even more to the combination!
from waiting in the summer:
1/7th scale
she’ll be up for from tomorrow!!
get in contact with our partner shops if you have any or sales queries!
but all for today!
i hope to see you all again tomorrow!! (・∀・)ノ
© i＊chi＊ka／なつまち製作委員会 | shuu-chan* frəm ðə ˈplænɪŋ tim laɪks ðə ˈfɪgjər soʊ məʧ ðət hi traɪd tɪ teɪk ðə seɪm poʊz hɪmˈsɛlf! tɪ ʃoʊ haʊ dɪˈtərmənd hi wɑz, hi ˈivɪn traɪd tɪ gɪt ðə ɪkˈsprɛʃən raɪt! ˌɔlˈðoʊ aɪ hæv tɪ seɪ ðət pərˈhæps ðə kjut ˈəpwərd ˈglænsɪz ʃʊd bi lɛft tɪ ðə girls…*… :pi ˈɛniˌweɪ, təˈdeɪ bi ˈteɪkɪŋ ə ˈkloʊzər lʊk æt ðɪs ˈfɪgjər ðət ləvz!! frəm ˈweɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsəmər: skeɪl frəm ðə roʊˈmæntɪk ˈkɑmədi ɪn ðə summer’*’ kəmz ə skeɪl ˈfɪgjər əv ðə meɪn ˈhɛroʊən,! ðə poʊz ɪz beɪst ɔn ən ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən baɪ ðə series’*’ ərˈɪʤənəl ˈkɛrɪktər dɪˈzaɪnər, uon*. ˈkɛrfəl əˈtɛnʃən həz bɪn meɪd tɪ kip ðə seɪm ˈfilɪŋ əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən baɪ ˈfeɪθfəli ˈrɛkriˌeɪtɪŋ ðə rɪˈlækst, ˈʤɛnəl əˈpɪrəns əv. ˈrəðər ˈsɛksi fər ə haɪ skul ˈstudənt!! aɪ wɪʃ ʃi kʊd ʃɛr səm əv ðət sɛks əˈpil wɪθ ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls!! ˈmɛni əv ju wɪl noʊ ðɪs poʊz frəm ðə ˈkəvər əv fərst ˈvɑljum əˈmeɪzɪŋ haʊ ˈsɪmələr ʃi lʊks tɪ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən!! ðɪs ɪz haʊ ʃi lʊks frəm ðə bæk! ðə lɔŋ hɛr ðət swips daʊn tɪ hər hɪps, ənd ɪf ju lʊk æt ðə ˈbɑtəm si ðə tɪps əv hər hɛr hæv boʊθ ə frənt ənd bæk leɪər! pləs ʤɪst lʊk æt ðɪs əˈdɔrəbəl ˈlʊkɪŋ weɪ əv ˈsɪtɪŋ!! ɪt ʤɪst meɪks mi wɪʃ aɪ kʊd kəm əp bɪˈhaɪnd hər ənd gɪv hər ə bɪg həg!! ʃi ɪz səʧ ə ˈgɑdəs!! ʤɪst lʊk æt ðət ˈbjutəfəl smaɪl ˈstreɪnʤli hɑrd tɪ dɪˈskraɪb!! ðə hoʊl ɪkˈsprɛʃən həz ə ˈməðərli kˈwɑləti tɪ ɪt! ˈʤɛnəl ənd kaɪnd ˌpərsəˈnælɪti ˈivɪn ˈmænɪʤɪz tɪ kəm θru ðə ˈfɪgjər, ənd ðə əˈmeɪzɪŋ ɔn hər ˈglæsɪz ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtˌwərði!! ˈləvli slɪm ɑrmz ənd ə ˈbjutəfəl ˈbɑdi! ðɪs ˈæŋgəl frəm ðə saɪd həz tɪ bi maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt! hæv tɪ seɪ ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ dɪˈskraɪb hər ˈbɑdi ɪz ˈleɪdiˌlaɪk ʃi həz ə məʧ mɔr məˈʧʊr ˈlʊkɪŋ əˈpɪrəns ðən ɪkˈspɛkt əv ə haɪ skul ˈstudənt! ˈɔlsoʊ noʊt ðə ˈdɛləkət hænd pleɪst ɔn hər ʃu, ðə ˈkrisɪz ɪn hər kloʊðz wɪʧ lɛt ju gɪt ə ˈbɛtər ˈpɪkʧər əv hər ˈweɪˌstlaɪn ənd ˈivɪn ðə ˈlɪtəl pik ju gɪt əv hər θaɪz θru ðə skərt! ðə ˈfɪgjər ɪz ʤɪst fɪld wɪθ ʧɑrm! ʤɪst lʊk æt those…*… ɛr, ðət ˈkɑlər ˈɛriə! ˈɔfən seɪ ju hɛlp jʊr aɪz ˈʃutɪŋ daʊn tɪ hər breasts…*… bət ðɪs taɪm əraʊnd aɪ hɛlp ˈstɛrɪŋ æt ðɛm! :pi bət ˈrɪli nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ tɪ lʊk æt! ðə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv skɪn ʃoʊɪŋ əraʊnd hər ˈkɑlər ˈɛriə ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsupər ˈsɛksi!! soʊ nis tɪ si səʧ ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ˈditeɪl pʊt ˈɪntu səʧ smɔl ˈɛriəz əv ðə ˈfɪgjər! greɪt ʤɑb!! ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi kʊd seɪ noʊ tɪ ðɪs kjut poʊz! ɪf ˈɛni gərl dɪd ðɪs tɪ mi, ˈfɛrli ˈsərtən fɔl fər hər ɪn ə ˈhɑrtˌbit!!! poʊzd ˈʤɛntli tˈwərlɪŋ hər ˈfɪŋgər ɪn hər hɛr ðə hænd lʊks ˈləvli ɪˈnəf baɪ ˌɪtˈsɛlf, bət ˈɔlsoʊ sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ hər ˈləvli hɛr ðə ˈskəlptɪŋ lʊks greɪt frəm soʊ ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt ˈæŋgəlz! jeɪ!! ə ʃɑt frəm ə sˈlaɪtli loʊər ˈæŋgəl! ðə ˈəðər deɪ aɪ gɑt toʊld ɔf baɪ wən əv maɪ suˈpɪriərz fər ˈteɪkɪŋ səm blɔg poʊsts ə ˈlɪtəl tu fɑr, soʊ aɪ hæv tɪ bi careful…*… bət aɪ hæd tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ðɪs ɛz tɪ mi ðə bɛst ˈæŋgəl tɪ ʃoʊ ɔf hər ˈləvli bəst! ˈwɛðər ə ˈfɪgjər ər ə ril ˈpərsən, ju ˈɔlˌweɪz hæv tɪ faɪnd ðə ˈæŋgəlz ðət ʃoʊ ðɛm ɔf ɪn ðə moʊst kjut ənd ˈbjutəfəl weɪ ˈpɑsəbəl! ju nid tɪ meɪk ʃʊr tɪ ˈkæpʧər ˈɛvəri wən əv ðɛr moʊst ˈʧɑrmɪŋ pɔɪnts! hər ˈkæptɪˌveɪtɪŋ thighs!!σ(ﾟ∀ﾟ*!!σ(ﾟ∀ﾟ*) aɪ wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt waɪ ðə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ə skərt ənd θaɪz lʊk soʊ əˈmeɪzɪŋ, ənd aɪ keɪm tɪ ðə kənˈkluʒən ðət ɪt məst bi ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈtraɪˌæŋgəlz ðət ər fɔrmd bɪtˈwin ðə foʊldz ɪn ðə skərt ənd ðə skɪn! ðeɪ lʊk greɪt! ðə ˈsɪtɪŋ poʊz ˈɔlsoʊ minz ðət ju kən ˈrɪli meɪk aʊt ðə smuð laɪn əv hər θaɪz, wɪʧ ædz ˈivɪn mɔr tɪ ðə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən! frəm ˈweɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsəmər: skeɪl bi əp fər frəm təˈmɑˌroʊ!! gɪt ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ɑr ˈpɑrtnər ʃɑps ɪf ju hæv ˈɛni ər seɪlz kˈwɪriz! bət ɔl fər təˈdeɪ! aɪ hoʊp tɪ si ju ɔl əˈgɛn təˈmɑˌroʊ!! i＊chi＊ka／なつまち製作委員会*／なつまち製作委員会 |
canada’s new federal government has launched the process of beginning an inquiry into how to conduct an inquiry into the missing and murdered aboriginal women. this is the throat clearing that precedes the overture to the main show.
[np_storybar launch first phase of inquiry into missing, murdered indigenous women” the federal liberal government is kicking off what it calls the first phase of its inquiry into the tragic phenomenon of missing and murdered indigenous women and girls.
justice minister jody says the government will consult the families of victims over the next two months to get their input into how the inquiry should be designed and what it needs to accomplish.
wilson-raybould was joined for the announcement by indigenous affairs minister carolyn bennett and status of women minister patty hajdu.
she says while no inquiry can undo what has happened, it will help find a way forward because canada “can and must do better.”
continue reading…
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the inquiry, once eventually launched, is expected to take two years and cost $40 million. that means two more years of government inaction and $40 million going to lawyers, stipends and meeting rooms that could instead be directed to what we already know about the problem(s).
the issue is a glaring tragedy. between 1980 and 2012, almost native women have either vanished or been murdered; mostly both. if more than two white women were missing in southern ontario police would be setting up command posts and facebook would be awash in injunctions to wrap trees in pink ribbons and flash porch lights in sympathy. the indifference to the plight of these women and of the native community as a whole is staggering. but that alone does not support the premise that an inquiry is the answer.
can we admit that we already know a considerable amount about what ails the aboriginal communities? it begins with just how large a portion of the non-native community value the lives of aboriginals. a reason why the cbc shut down comments specifically for those of its online articles that discuss native issues; the tenor of the remarks ran the gamut from hysterical ignorance to supremacy. in my medium of talk radio, any discussion of native issues immediately prompts calls from people who think natives are lazy freeloaders who need to get over the past and move on.
combine this overall indifference with generations of institutionalized child abuse, hugely aboriginal incarceration rates and law enforcement officers who still think funny to dump a native person at the side of the road in the country, and clear any kind of reset to the relationship will be a form of shock therapy.
but be clear: we are not starting an inquiry. it is a truth and reconciliation commission. it will make real the names and faces of the dead and missing. it will allow their loved ones to vent and to mourn. it may even identify some of the perpetrators.
what it do is provide any answers or remedies we already have.
a person who has worked in aboriginal law, and stands to possibly even be tasked to the inquiry, spoke to me, but asked that her name not be used due to her potential involvement in the effort. she suggests consensus amongst stakeholders about the usefulness of the inquiry is not as uniform as many might think. “it’s a pressing human rights issue,” she told me, “but i think the inquiry is the best use of finite resources.”
the factors she identifies will come as a surprise to no one. they are the root cause of most crime and suffering in western society: poverty, lack of education and opportunity, mobility to cities, community dysfunction exacerbated by racism, patriarchy, and the impression that some lives simply matter. these in turn lead to isolation, substance abuse, involvement in the sex trade and everything bad that tragically follows.
“and even get me started,” she continues, “on outstanding land claims, reverberations of colonialism and resource rights.”
lastly, she pointed to the 1996 royal commission on aboriginal peoples which was one of the most expensive inquiries undertaken by the federal government and has been largely gathering dust for two decades.
[np_storybar & debate” link=””] find full comment on facebook
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stephen refusal to launch an inquiry into missing and murdered aboriginal women was just one of many actions and his opponents used to paint him as heartless. in fact it arose out of his appreciation that there was no new information to be gleaned. relationship with the native community was far from fractious and his residential schools apology was arguably his finest hour. that he did not follow up these words with concrete action is lamentable. but it mean the new government is charting any better a course.
we know what the problem is. we know the very long and complicated path that lies ahead to bring about real social change.
so let the healing ritual begin. but please, not pretend we already have the pieces to the puzzle and a pretty good impression of how they all come together.
national post
john moore is host of moore in the morning on 1010 in toronto. | canada’s* nu ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt həz lɔnʧt ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu haʊ tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ ənd ˈmərdərd ˌæbərˈɪʤənəl ˈwɪmən. ðɪs ɪz ðə θroʊt ˈklɪrɪŋ ðət prɪˈsidz ðə ˈoʊvərʧər tɪ ðə meɪn ʃoʊ. lɔnʧ fərst feɪz əv ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu ˈmɪsɪŋ, ˈmərdərd ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs women”*” ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈkɪkɪŋ ɔf wət ɪt kɔlz ðə fərst feɪz əv ɪts ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu ðə ˈtræʤɪk fəˈnɑməˌnɑn əv ˈmɪsɪŋ ənd ˈmərdərd ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈwɪmən ənd gərlz. ˈʤəstɪs ˈmɪnɪstər ˈʤoʊdi sɪz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl kənˈsəlt ðə ˈfæməliz əv ˈvɪktɪmz ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst tu mənθs tɪ gɪt ðɛr ˈɪnˌpʊt ˈɪntu haʊ ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ʃʊd bi dɪˈzaɪnd ənd wət ɪt nidz tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ. wɑz ʤɔɪnd fər ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt baɪ ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs əˈfɛrz ˈmɪnɪstər ˈkɛrəlɪn ˈbɛnɪt ənd ˈstætəs əv ˈwɪmən ˈmɪnɪstər ˈpæti ˈhɑjdu. ʃi sɪz waɪl noʊ ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri kən ənˈdu wət həz ˈhæpənd, ɪt wɪl hɛlp faɪnd ə weɪ ˈfɔrwərd bɪˈkəz ˈkænədə ənd məst du better.”*.” kənˈtɪnju reading…*… [/np_storybar*] ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri, wəns ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli lɔnʧt, ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ teɪk tu jɪrz ənd kɔst 40 ˈmɪljən. ðət minz tu mɔr jɪrz əv ˈgəvərnmənt ˌɪˈnækʃən ənd 40 ˈmɪljən goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈlɔjərz, ˈstaɪpəndz ənd ˈmitɪŋ rumz ðət kʊd ˌɪnˈstɛd bi dɪˈrɛktɪd tɪ wət wi ɔˈrɛdi noʊ əˈbaʊt ðə problem(s*). ðə ˈɪʃu ɪz ə ˈglɛrɪŋ ˈtræʤədi. bɪtˈwin 1980 ənd 2012 ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈneɪtɪv ˈwɪmən hæv ˈiðər ˈvænɪʃt ər bɪn ˈmərdərd; ˈmoʊstli boʊθ. ɪf mɔr ðən tu waɪt ˈwɪmən wər ˈmɪsɪŋ ɪn ˈsəðərn ɑnˈtɛrioʊ pəˈlis wʊd bi ˈsɛtɪŋ əp kəˈmænd poʊsts ənd ˈfeɪsˌbʊk wʊd bi əˈwɑʃ ɪn ˌɪnˈʤəŋʃənz tɪ ræp triz ɪn pɪŋk ˈrɪbənz ənd flæʃ pɔrʧ laɪts ɪn ˈsɪmpəθi. ðə ˌɪnˈdɪfərəns tɪ ðə plaɪt əv ðiz ˈwɪmən ənd əv ðə ˈneɪtɪv kəmˈjunɪti ɛz ə hoʊl ɪz ˈstægərˌɪŋ. bət ðət əˈloʊn dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ðə ˈprɛmɪs ðət ən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ɪz ðə ˈænsər. kən wi ədˈmɪt ðət wi ɔˈrɛdi noʊ ə kənˈsɪdərəbəl əˈmaʊnt əˈbaʊt wət eɪlz ðə ˌæbərˈɪʤənəl kəmˈjunɪtiz? ɪt bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ ʤɪst haʊ lɑrʤ ə ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˈnɑˈneɪtɪv kəmˈjunɪti ˈvælju ðə lɪvz əv aboriginals*. ə ˈrizən waɪ ðə ˈsiˌbiˈsi ʃət daʊn ˈkɑmɛnts spəˈsɪfɪkli fər ðoʊz əv ɪts ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈɑrtɪkəlz ðət dɪˈskəs ˈneɪtɪv ˈɪʃuz; ðə ˈtɛnər əv ðə rɪˈmɑrks ræn ðə ˈgæmət frəm hɪˈstɛrɪkəl ˈɪgnərəns tɪ səˈprɛməsi. ɪn maɪ ˈmidiəm əv tɔk ˈreɪdiˌoʊ, ˈɛni dɪˈskəʃən əv ˈneɪtɪv ˈɪʃuz ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli prɑmpts kɔlz frəm ˈpipəl hu θɪŋk ˈneɪtɪvz ər ˈleɪzi ˈfriˌloʊdərz hu nid tɪ gɪt ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ənd muv ɔn. ˈkɑmbaɪn ðɪs ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˌɪnˈdɪfərəns wɪθ ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz əv ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəˌlaɪzd ʧaɪld əˈbjuz, ˈhjuʤli ˌæbərˈɪʤənəl ˌɪnˌkɑrsərˈeɪʃən reɪts ənd lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈɔfɪsərz hu stɪl θɪŋk ˈfəni tɪ dəmp ə ˈneɪtɪv ˈpərsən æt ðə saɪd əv ðə roʊd ɪn ðə ˈkəntri, ənd klɪr ˈɛni kaɪnd əv ˈrisɛt tɪ ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪl bi ə fɔrm əv ʃɑk ˈθɛrəpi. bət bi klɪr: wi ər nɑt ˈstɑrtɪŋ ən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri. ɪt ɪz ə truθ ənd ˌrɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃən kəˈmɪʃən. ɪt wɪl meɪk ril ðə neɪmz ənd ˈfeɪsɪz əv ðə dɛd ənd ˈmɪsɪŋ. ɪt wɪl əˈlaʊ ðɛr ləvd wənz tɪ vɛnt ənd tɪ mɔrn. ɪt meɪ ˈivɪn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ səm əv ðə ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz. wət ɪt du ɪz prəˈvaɪd ˈɛni ˈænsərz ər ˈrɛmədiz wi ɔˈrɛdi hæv. ə ˈpərsən hu həz wərkt ɪn ˌæbərˈɪʤənəl lɔ, ənd stændz tɪ ˈpɑsəbli ˈivɪn bi tæskt tɪ ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri, spoʊk tɪ mi, bət æst ðət hər neɪm nɑt bi juzd du tɪ hər pəˈtɛnʃəl ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ðə ˈɛfərt. ʃi səˈʤɛsts kənˈsɛnsəs əˈməŋst ˈsteɪˌkhoʊldərz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈjusfəlnəs əv ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ɪz nɑt ɛz ˈjunəˌfɔrm ɛz ˈmɛni maɪt θɪŋk. ə ˈprɛsɪŋ ˈjumən raɪts issue,”*,” ʃi toʊld mi, aɪ θɪŋk ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ɪz ðə bɛst juz əv ˈfaɪˌnaɪt resources.”*.” ðə ˈfæktərz ʃi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪz wɪl kəm ɛz ə səˈpraɪz tɪ noʊ wən. ðeɪ ər ðə rut kɔz əv moʊst kraɪm ənd ˈsəfərɪŋ ɪn ˈwɛstərn soʊˈsaɪɪti: ˈpɑvərti, læk əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd ˌɑpərˈtunəti, moʊˈbɪlɪti tɪ ˈsɪtiz, kəmˈjunɪti dɪsˈfəŋkʃən ɪgˈzæsərˌbeɪtɪd baɪ ˈreɪˌsɪzəm, ˈpeɪtriˌɑrki, ənd ðə ˌɪmˈprɛʃən ðət səm lɪvz ˈsɪmpli ˈmætər. ðiz ɪn tərn lɛd tɪ ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən, ˈsəbstəns əˈbjuz, ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ðə sɛks treɪd ənd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ bæd ðət ˈtræʤɪkli ˈfɑloʊz. ˈivɪn gɪt mi started,”*,” ʃi kənˈtɪnjuz, ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ lænd kleɪmz, rɪˌvərbərˈeɪʃənz əv kəˈloʊniəˌlɪzəm ənd ˈrisɔrs rights.”*.” ˈlæstli, ʃi ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ðə 1996 rɔɪəl kəˈmɪʃən ɔn ˌæbərˈɪʤənəl ˈpipəlz wɪʧ wɑz wən əv ðə moʊst ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˌɪnkˈwaɪəriz ˈəndərˌteɪkən baɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ənd həz bɪn ˈlɑrʤli ˈgæðərɪŋ dəst fər tu ˈdɛkeɪdz. debate”*” link=””*=””] faɪnd fʊl ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk [/np_storybar*] ˈstivən rɪfˈjuzəl tɪ lɔnʧ ən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu ˈmɪsɪŋ ənd ˈmərdərd ˌæbərˈɪʤənəl ˈwɪmən wɑz ʤɪst wən əv ˈmɛni ˈækʃənz ənd hɪz əˈpoʊnənts juzd tɪ peɪnt ɪm ɛz ˈhɑrtləs. ɪn fækt ɪt əroʊz aʊt əv hɪz əˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən ðət ðɛr wɑz noʊ nu ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ bi glind. riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə ˈneɪtɪv kəmˈjunɪti wɑz fɑr frəm ˈfrækʃəs ənd hɪz ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl skulz əˈpɑləˌʤi wɑz ˈɑrgjuəbli hɪz ˈfaɪnəst aʊər. ðət hi dɪd nɑt ˈfɑloʊ əp ðiz wərdz wɪθ ˈkɑnkrit ˈækʃən ɪz ləˈmɛntəbəl. bət ɪt min ðə nu ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈʧɑrtɪŋ ˈɛni ˈbɛtər ə kɔrs. wi noʊ wət ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz. wi noʊ ðə ˈvɛri lɔŋ ənd ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd pæθ ðət laɪz əˈhɛd tɪ brɪŋ əˈbaʊt ril ˈsoʊʃəl ʧeɪnʤ. soʊ lɛt ðə ˈhilɪŋ ˈrɪʧuəl bɪˈgɪn. bət pliz, nɑt priˈtɛnd wi ɔˈrɛdi hæv ðə ˈpisɪz tɪ ðə ˈpəzəl ənd ə ˈprɪti gʊd ˌɪmˈprɛʃən əv haʊ ðeɪ ɔl kəm təˈgɛðər. ˈnæʃənəl poʊst ʤɑn mʊr ɪz hoʊst əv mʊr ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ ɔn 1010 ɪn tərˈɑntoʊ. |
bills coach rex ryan joins nfl insiders and praises the character of de mario williams, stating that he would like to have him back in buffalo next season. (0:51)
after questioning in december the logic of taking a pay cut from his $19.9 million cap number next season, defensive end mario williams has changed his tone on the issue.
on wednesday, he told nfl insider anderson that "it's bigger than just the numbers" and he would be open to listening to the buffalo bills about reducing his pay.
the bills have the tightest situation this offseason.
"i would love to have him back, but we'll see how realistic that is," coach rex ryan said wednesday.
the associated press reported in december, citing a person with direct knowledge of discussions, that the bills would release williams this offseason. the bills can save $12.9 million by releasing him.
"yeah, i mean, it all depends on what is happening," williams told anderson. "my thing is this: obviously, i've had big contracts, but once you get on a team and you get around the guys, it becomes family. the guys on defense, we laugh and talk about anything. we do a bunch of stuff together, and off the field, obviously. it's bigger than just numbers.
"but at the same time, as far as what you said about [a pay cut] being feasible, a [salary-cap] crunch is a crunch. obviously there's two great players on the other side of the ball [pending left tackle cordy glenn and left guard richie incognito] that need to be back. like you said, i'm not an accountant, either. i don't even know how you can go about making it where it makes at least some type of sense.
"that's not what i do, so that's why i don't even worry about it."
mario williams says he's willing to listen to the bills about taking a pay cut to stay and is willing to meeting coaches halfway about his role in the defense. stephen images
williams, who is entering the fifth year of a six-year, $100 million deal he signed in 2012, has the cap number of any nfl defensive player next season. while the nfl has yet to determine its 2016 salary cap, stats & information projects the bills to be about $1 million over their projected salary cap, making them the only team that must shed salary before the 2016 league year opens march 9.
asked after the bills' dec. 20 loss to the washington redskins if he would be open to taking a pay cut, williams said, "if this is the turnout of our defense, how does that even sound right?"
williams, 31, recorded sacks this season, the lowest output of his career since his performance as a rookie in 2006. beginning in october, williams expressed frustration to reporters about his role in ryan's scheme, which sometimes had him dropping into coverage instead of rushing the quarterback.
williams told anderson that he would like to meet halfway with coaches on the issue.
"we didn't have -- at least i feel like for myself -- we didn't have common ground as far as on the scheme," he said. "i have no problem listening, but like i said, at least have us doing half of the snaps of what we do best, and that's us going [on attack] and the guys in the [secondary] can cover.
"last year i feel like we were way more than anything. i'm just saying we can meet halfway, so the guys who get after the quarterback can get more opportunities to do that, and set up your fill with the players inside you and make it happen like that. that's all i ask. i'm not saying throw the scheme out. that's what i was saying before. i never said anything was wrong with the scheme." | bɪlz koʊʧ rɛks raɪən ʤɔɪnz ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˌɪnˈsaɪdərz ənd ˈpreɪzɪz ðə ˈkɛrɪktər əv də ˈmɑrioʊ ˈwɪljəmz, ˈsteɪtɪŋ ðət hi wʊd laɪk tɪ hæv ɪm bæk ɪn ˈbəfəˌloʊ nɛkst ˈsizən. ˈæftər kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər ðə ˈlɑʤɪk əv ˈteɪkɪŋ ə peɪ kət frəm hɪz ˈmɪljən kæp ˈnəmbər nɛkst ˈsizən, dɪˈfɛnsɪv ɛnd ˈmɑrioʊ ˈwɪljəmz həz ʧeɪnʤd hɪz toʊn ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu. ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, hi toʊld ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˌɪnˈsaɪdər ˈændərsən ðət "ɪts ˈbɪgər ðən ʤɪst ðə ˈnəmbərz" ənd hi wʊd bi ˈoʊpən tɪ ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈbəfəˌloʊ bɪlz əˈbaʊt rɪˈdusɪŋ hɪz peɪ. ðə bɪlz hæv ðə ˈtaɪtəst ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ðɪs offseason*. "aɪ wʊd ləv tɪ hæv ɪm bæk, bət wɪl si haʊ ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ðət ɪz," koʊʧ rɛks raɪən sɛd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ə ˈpərsən wɪθ dɪˈrɛkt ˈnɑlɪʤ əv dɪˈskəʃənz, ðət ðə bɪlz wʊd riˈlis ˈwɪljəmz ðɪs offseason*. ðə bɪlz kən seɪv ˈmɪljən baɪ riˈlisɪŋ ɪm. "jæ, aɪ min, ɪt ɔl dɪˈpɛndz ɔn wət ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ," ˈwɪljəmz toʊld ˈændərsən. "maɪ θɪŋ ɪz ðɪs: ˈɑbviəsli, aɪv hæd bɪg ˈkɑnˌtrækts, bət wəns ju gɪt ɔn ə tim ənd ju gɪt əraʊnd ðə gaɪz, ɪt bɪˈkəmz ˈfæməli. ðə gaɪz ɔn dɪˈfɛns, wi læf ənd tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. wi du ə bənʧ əv stəf təˈgɛðər, ənd ɔf ðə fild, ˈɑbviəsli. ɪts ˈbɪgər ðən ʤɪst ˈnəmbərz. "bət æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ɛz fɑr ɛz wət ju sɛd əˈbaʊt [ə peɪ kət] biɪŋ ˈfizəbəl, ə [salary-cap*] krənʧ ɪz ə krənʧ. ˈɑbviəsli ðɛrz tu greɪt pleɪərz ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd əv ðə bɔl [ˈpɛndɪŋ lɛft ˈtækəl ˈkɔrdi glɛn ənd lɛft gɑrd ˈrɪʧi ˌɪnkɔgˈnitoʊ] ðət nid tɪ bi bæk. laɪk ju sɛd, əm nɑt ən əˈkaʊntənt, ˈiðər. aɪ doʊnt ˈivɪn noʊ haʊ ju kən goʊ əˈbaʊt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt wɛr ɪt meɪks æt list səm taɪp əv sɛns. "ðæts nɑt wət aɪ du, soʊ ðæts waɪ aɪ doʊnt ˈivɪn ˈwəri əˈbaʊt ɪt." ˈmɑrioʊ ˈwɪljəmz sɪz hiz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈlɪsən tɪ ðə bɪlz əˈbaʊt ˈteɪkɪŋ ə peɪ kət tɪ steɪ ənd ɪz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈmitɪŋ ˈkoʊʧɪz ˈhæfˈweɪ əˈbaʊt hɪz roʊl ɪn ðə dɪˈfɛns. ˈstivən ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈwɪljəmz, hu ɪz ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə fɪθ jɪr əv ə six-year*, 100 ˈmɪljən dil hi saɪnd ɪn 2012 həz ðə kæp ˈnəmbər əv ˈɛni ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl dɪˈfɛnsɪv pleɪər nɛkst ˈsizən. waɪl ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl həz jɛt tɪ dɪˈtərmən ɪts 2016 ˈsæləri kæp, stæts ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈprɑʤɛkts ðə bɪlz tɪ bi əˈbaʊt 1 ˈmɪljən ˈoʊvər ðɛr prɑˈʤɛktəd ˈsæləri kæp, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛm ðə ˈoʊnli tim ðət məst ʃɛd ˈsæləri ˌbiˈfɔr ðə 2016 lig jɪr ˈoʊpənz mɑrʧ 9 æst ˈæftər ðə bɪlz' dɛk. 20 lɔs tɪ ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈrɛdˌskɪnz ɪf hi wʊd bi ˈoʊpən tɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ ə peɪ kət, ˈwɪljəmz sɛd, "ɪf ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈtərˌnaʊt əv ɑr dɪˈfɛns, haʊ dɪz ðət ˈivɪn saʊnd raɪt?" ˈwɪljəmz, 31 rɪˈkɔrdɪd sæks ðɪs ˈsizən, ðə loʊəst ˈaʊtˌpʊt əv hɪz kərɪr sɪns hɪz pərˈfɔrməns ɛz ə ˈrʊki ɪn 2006 bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər, ˈwɪljəmz ɪkˈsprɛst frəˈstreɪʃən tɪ rɪˈpɔrtərz əˈbaʊt hɪz roʊl ɪn raɪənz skim, wɪʧ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz hæd ɪm ˈdrɑpɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈkəvərɪʤ ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈrəʃɪŋ ðə kˈwɔrtərˌbæk. ˈwɪljəmz toʊld ˈændərsən ðət hi wʊd laɪk tɪ mit ˈhæfˈweɪ wɪθ ˈkoʊʧɪz ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu. "wi ˈdɪdənt hæv æt list aɪ fil laɪk fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf wi ˈdɪdənt hæv ˈkɑmən graʊnd ɛz fɑr ɛz ɔn ðə skim," hi sɛd. "aɪ hæv noʊ ˈprɑbləm ˈlɪsənɪŋ, bət laɪk aɪ sɛd, æt list hæv ˈjuˈɛs duɪŋ hæf əv ðə snæps əv wət wi du bɛst, ənd ðæts ˈjuˈɛs goʊɪŋ [ɔn əˈtæk] ənd ðə gaɪz ɪn ðə [ˈsɛkənˌdɛri] kən ˈkəvər. "læst jɪr aɪ fil laɪk wi wər weɪ mɔr ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. əm ʤɪst seɪɪŋ wi kən mit ˈhæfˈweɪ, soʊ ðə gaɪz hu gɪt ˈæftər ðə kˈwɔrtərˌbæk kən gɪt mɔr ˌɑpərˈtunətiz tɪ du ðət, ənd sɛt əp jʊr fɪl wɪθ ðə pleɪərz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ju ənd meɪk ɪt ˈhæpən laɪk ðət. ðæts ɔl aɪ æsk. əm nɑt seɪɪŋ θroʊ ðə skim aʊt. ðæts wət aɪ wɑz seɪɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr. aɪ ˈnɛvər sɛd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ wɑz rɔŋ wɪθ ðə skim." |
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in this your forever your your a with your pet pet rock a home
did you just get a new interesting pet rock? or you might be interested in taking care of a pet rock? we'll tell you how to do that!
like how do you properly care for a silent, pet rock? you never know when it's hungry, mad, playful, or tired. how do you feed it? clean it? play with it? this article will tell you all you need to know about caring for your pal. | wikihow* ɪz ə ““wiki,”*,” ˈsɪmələr tɪ ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə, wɪʧ minz ðət ˈmɛni əv ɑr ˈɑrtɪkəlz ər baɪ ˈməltəpəl ˈɔθərz. tɪ kriˈeɪt ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, 222 ˈpipəl, səm əˈnɑnəməs, wərkt tɪ ˈɛdət ənd ˌɪmˈpruv ɪt ˈoʊvər taɪm. ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn vjud taɪmz. lərn mɔr... ɪn ðɪs jʊr fərˈɛvər jʊr jʊr ə wɪθ jʊr pɛt pɛt rɑk ə hoʊm dɪd ju ʤɪst gɪt ə nu ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ pɛt rɑk? ər ju maɪt bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈteɪkɪŋ kɛr əv ə pɛt rɑk? wɪl tɛl ju haʊ tɪ du ðət! laɪk haʊ du ju ˈprɑpərli kɛr fər ə ˈsaɪlənt, pɛt rɑk? ju ˈnɛvər noʊ wɪn ɪts ˈhəŋgri, mæd, ˈpleɪfəl, ər taɪərd. haʊ du ju fid ɪt? klin ɪt? pleɪ wɪθ ɪt? ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɪl tɛl ju ɔl ju nid tɪ noʊ əˈbaʊt ˈkɛrɪŋ fər jʊr pæl. |
october 4, 2014 san antonio scorpions vs. ottawa fury d review
ottawa (4-3-3) peiser 6; soria 6, trafford 8, 7, richter 7; 7, ryan (c) 7, paterson 6; 7, heinemann 7, davies 6
san antonio (4-1-4-1) saunders, de roux, cann, janicki, james, forbes (soto), castillo), menjivar, elizondo, restrepo, gentile)
ottawa subs 6 (heinemann), donatelli 6 (paterson), oliver 7)
ottawa goals: richter (90+1′); assists:, oliver, donatelli (90+1′)
san antonio goals: castillo (11′)
ottawa injuries and suspensions: none
ottawa stats leaders: shots paterson (3); challenges won soria, trafford, (10)
ottawa tactical notes: remained the whole match. when came off, richter shifted to cb, davies shifted to rb, shifted to and oliver came on at
ottawa overall record: 8th;; 26 points
san antonio overall record: 2nd;; 43 points
—
nasl:
offc:
sasfc:
ottawa sun:
ottawa citizen:
soccer by ives:
canadian soccer news:
rednation online:
twelve:
goal way:/
offc review:
blog fury: http://blogfuryfc.wordpress.com/2014/10/03/3-players-1-run/
fury fanatic:
tsn 1200 corner kicks: http://autopod.ca/chum/28/podcasts/
rno ours is the fury:
bbsc the banter: | ɑkˈtoʊbər 4 2014 sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ ˈskɔrpiənz ˈvərsəz. ˈɑtəˌwɑ fˈjʊri di ˌrivˈju ˈɑtəˌwɑ ˈpaɪsər 6 ˈsɔriə 6 ˈtræfərd 8 7 ˈrɪktər 7 7 raɪən (si) 7 ˈpætərsən 6 7 ˈhaɪnmən 7 ˈdeɪviz 6 sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ ˈsɔndərz, də ru, kæn, ʤəˈnɪki, ʤeɪmz, fɔrbz (ˈsoʊtoʊ ˌkæˈstɪloʊ meɪnjiˈvɑr, ˌɛlɪˈzɑndoʊ, rɛˈstrɛpoʊ, ˈʤɛnˌtaɪl ˈɑtəˌwɑ səbz 6 (ˈhaɪnmən doʊnɑˈtɛli 6 (ˈpætərsən ˈɑlɪvər 7 ˈɑtəˌwɑ goʊlz: ˈrɪktər əˈsɪsts:, ˈɑlɪvər, doʊnɑˈtɛli sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ goʊlz: ˌkæˈstɪloʊ ˈɑtəˌwɑ ˈɪnʤəriz ənd səˈspɛnʃənz: nən ˈɑtəˌwɑ stæts ˈlidərz: ʃɑts ˈpætərsən 3 ˈʧælənʤɪz wən ˈsɔriə, ˈtræfərd, 10 ˈɑtəˌwɑ ˈtæktɪkəl noʊts: rɪˈmeɪnd ðə hoʊl mæʧ. wɪn keɪm ɔf, ˈrɪktər ˈʃɪftɪd tɪ cb*, ˈdeɪviz ˈʃɪftɪd tɪ rb*, ˈʃɪftɪd tɪ ənd ˈɑlɪvər keɪm ɔn æt ˈɑtəˌwɑ ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈrɛkərd: 8th*; 26 pɔɪnts sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈrɛkərd: 2nd*; 43 pɔɪnts:: sasfc*: ˈɑtəˌwɑ sən: ˈɑtəˌwɑ ˈsɪtɪzən: ˈsɑkər baɪ aɪvz: kəˈneɪdiən ˈsɑkər nuz: ˈɔnˌlaɪn: twɛlv: goʊl weɪ: ˌrivˈju: blɔg fˈjʊri: http://blogfuryfc.wordpress.com/2014/10/03/3-players-1-run*/ fˈjʊri fəˈnætɪk: 1200 ˈkɔrnər kɪks: http://autopod.ca/chum/28/podcasts*/ ɑrz ɪz ðə fˈjʊri: ðə ˈbæntər: |
over the years since the veterans administration scandal, u.s. sen. dean heller has made a lot of noise about helping veterans while not doing a lot that was substantive, particularly dealing with staffing shortages.
a statement on the veterans suicide rate, a bill supposedly solving a transplant problem for veterans when the donor is a non-veteran, a statement on day for it) were among news releases. four months ago, he touted his support for a bill providing interim funding to keep the choice program alive, which begged the question of why the program needed such stopgap funding mid-year.. the reason was that republicans keep veteran programs on a short financial leash.
several years ago, when the iraq and afghanistan veterans association still published report cards on voting records of congressmembers, we reported that democrats regularly provide greater support for vets than republicans. that may have seemed to those who think democrats are soft on military spending, but we quoted columnist bob geiger, who scrutinized the scores: “the worst grade received by a senate democrat was higher than the best grade received by a senate republican.”
to put it simply, republicans who have taken over the do not like government. waiting lines will always be with veterans until a congress is elected that does not want to see government fail. heller is a member of a party that takes pleasure in seeing public agencies stumble because of obstacles placed in their path by congress. why service to veterans often moves at a crawl. and heller has not himself broken from that belief system to get more assistance for veterans.
this year, though heller has been quick at every opportunity to portray himself publicly as the veterans’ advocate, he never said a word about the problems posed by the republican tax cut bill to a troubled veterans choice program. indeed, there is no evidence that heller even knew about the intersect of the two.
the choice program gives access to services, surgeries, and treatment for vets that veterans administration programs cannot provide, and also assures vets in areas care near their homes
the army newspaper stars and stripes reported that the tax bill “muddied debate on legislation that would significantly change the system that veterans use to receive private health care. during the past year, disagreements over how to reform the [choice] program have focused on costs, concerns from democrats over privatization and fears from republicans about veterans remaining trapped inside the system.”
in the end, the house veteran affairs committee capped funding for veterans choice at three percent for four years, whereupon democrats, who had supported reform to that point, voted no.
and why was veterans choice even linked to the tax bill in the first place?
it is time for republicans like heller to break away from the faction of the that chronically shorts veterans, that wants a programs so restricted by tight financial limits that the has trouble functioning. veterans are not asking for something special. they want what they have earned. | ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz sɪns ðə ˈvɛtərənz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈskændəl, juz. sɛn. din ˈhɛlər həz meɪd ə lɔt əv nɔɪz əˈbaʊt ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈvɛtərənz waɪl nɑt duɪŋ ə lɔt ðət wɑz ˈsəbstəntɪv, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ˈstæfɪŋ ˈʃɔrtɪʤɪz. ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ðə ˈvɛtərənz ˈsuɪˌsaɪd reɪt, ə bɪl səˈpoʊzədli ˈsɑlvɪŋ ə trænˈsplænt ˈprɑbləm fər ˈvɛtərənz wɪn ðə ˈdoʊnər ɪz ə non-veteran*, ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn deɪ fər ɪt) wər əˈməŋ nuz rɪˈlisɪz. fɔr mənθs əˈgoʊ, hi ˈtaʊtɪd hɪz səˈpɔrt fər ə bɪl prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈɪnərəm ˈfəndɪŋ tɪ kip ðə ʧɔɪs ˈproʊˌgræm əˈlaɪv, wɪʧ bɛgd ðə kˈwɛʃən əv waɪ ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ˈnidɪd səʧ ˈstɑpˌgæp ˈfəndɪŋ mid-year*.. ðə ˈrizən wɑz ðət rɪˈpəblɪkənz kip ˈvɛtərən ˈproʊˌgræmz ɔn ə ʃɔrt ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl liʃ. ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz əˈgoʊ, wɪn ðə ˌɪˈrɑk ənd æfˈgænəˌstæn ˈvɛtərənz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən stɪl ˈpəblɪʃt rɪˈpɔrt kɑrdz ɔn ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈrɛkərdz əv congressmembers*, wi ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈrɛgjələrli prəˈvaɪd ˈgreɪtər səˈpɔrt fər vɛts ðən rɪˈpəblɪkənz. ðət meɪ hæv simd tɪ ðoʊz hu θɪŋk ˈdɛməˌkræts ər sɔft ɔn ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈspɛndɪŋ, bət wi kˈwoʊtɪd ˈkɑləmnəst bɑb ˈgaɪgər, hu ˈskrutəˌnaɪzd ðə skɔrz: wərst greɪd rɪˈsivd baɪ ə ˈsɛnɪt ˈdɛməˌkræt wɑz haɪər ðən ðə bɛst greɪd rɪˈsivd baɪ ə ˈsɛnɪt republican.”*.” tɪ pʊt ɪt ˈsɪmpli, rɪˈpəblɪkənz hu hæv ˈteɪkən ˈoʊvər ðə du nɑt laɪk ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈweɪtɪŋ laɪnz wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi wɪθ ˈvɛtərənz ənˈtɪl ə ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪz ɪˈlɛktɪd ðət dɪz nɑt wɔnt tɪ si ˈgəvərnmənt feɪl. ˈhɛlər ɪz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ə ˈpɑrti ðət teɪks ˈplɛʒər ɪn siɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈstəmbəl bɪˈkəz əv ˈɑbstəkəlz pleɪst ɪn ðɛr pæθ baɪ ˈkɑŋgrəs. waɪ ˈsərvɪs tɪ ˈvɛtərənz ˈɔfən muvz æt ə krɔl. ənd ˈhɛlər həz nɑt hɪmˈsɛlf ˈbroʊkən frəm ðət bɪˈlif ˈsɪstəm tɪ gɪt mɔr əˈsɪstəns fər ˈvɛtərənz. ðɪs jɪr, ðoʊ ˈhɛlər həz bɪn kwɪk æt ˈɛvəri ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ pɔrˈtreɪ hɪmˈsɛlf ˈpəblɪkli ɛz ðə veterans’*’ ˈædvəˌkeɪt, hi ˈnɛvər sɛd ə wərd əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɑbləmz poʊzd baɪ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən tæks kət bɪl tɪ ə ˈtrəbəld ˈvɛtərənz ʧɔɪs ˈproʊˌgræm. ˌɪnˈdid, ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈɛvədəns ðət ˈhɛlər ˈivɪn nu əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪntərˈsɛkt əv ðə tu. ðə ʧɔɪs ˈproʊˌgræm gɪvz ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈsərvɪsɪz, ˈsərʤəriz, ənd ˈtritmənt fər vɛts ðət ˈvɛtərənz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈproʊˌgræmz ˈkænɑt prəˈvaɪd, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ əˈʃʊrz vɛts ɪn ˈɛriəz kɛr nɪr ðɛr hoʊmz ðə ˈɑrmi ˈnuzˌpeɪpər stɑrz ənd straɪps ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə tæks bɪl dəˈbeɪt ɔn ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ðət wʊd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈsɪstəm ðət ˈvɛtərənz juz tɪ rɪˈsiv ˈpraɪvət hɛlθ kɛr. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə pæst jɪr, ˌdɪsəˈgrimənts ˈoʊvər haʊ tɪ rɪˈfɔrm ðə [ʧɔɪs] ˈproʊˌgræm hæv ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn kɔsts, kənˈsərnz frəm ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈoʊvər ˈpraɪvətəˈzeɪʃən ənd fɪrz frəm rɪˈpəblɪkənz əˈbaʊt ˈvɛtərənz rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ træpt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə system.”*.” ɪn ðə ɛnd, ðə haʊs ˈvɛtərən əˈfɛrz kəˈmɪti kæpt ˈfəndɪŋ fər ˈvɛtərənz ʧɔɪs æt θri pərˈsɛnt fər fɔr jɪrz, ˈwɛrəˈpɑn ˈdɛməˌkræts, hu hæd səˈpɔrtɪd rɪˈfɔrm tɪ ðət pɔɪnt, ˈvoʊtɪd noʊ. ənd waɪ wɑz ˈvɛtərənz ʧɔɪs ˈivɪn lɪŋkt tɪ ðə tæks bɪl ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs? ɪt ɪz taɪm fər rɪˈpəblɪkənz laɪk ˈhɛlər tɪ breɪk əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈfækʃən əv ðə ðət ˈkrɑnɪkəli ʃɔrts ˈvɛtərənz, ðət wɔnts ə ˈproʊˌgræmz soʊ riˈstrɪktɪd baɪ taɪt ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈlɪmɪts ðət ðə həz ˈtrəbəl ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ. ˈvɛtərənz ər nɑt ˈæskɪŋ fər ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈspɛʃəl. ðeɪ wɔnt wət ðeɪ hæv ərnd. |
winnipeg mayor sam katz maintains he did nothing wrong in purchasing a "shell company" from the city's chief administrative officer but concedes it could be viewed by some.
and on wednesday, he said perception is key and in retrospect he should have just created and registered his own company and paid the fees to do it.
"when you are in the world of politics, the sad statement is reality doesn't count, ok? as you heard the expression: perception is reality," he said.
"so should one exercise more caution. if i had to do this again i would have paid the $3,000, $4,000, found a lawyer, and boom, done that. no doubt about that, that is a very valuable lesson learned."
cbc news first reported on tuesday that katz had purchased duddy enterprises from the city's top bureaucrat, phil, in march.
katz insists duddy is a "shell company" that currently no business, but he has said he might use it in the future.
he said he paid $1 for it.
late on wednesday, issued a short statement regarding his role in the sale of duddy enterprises to katz.
"the company was dormant and i no longer required it. in retrospect, it would have been better for the mayor to set up his own new company," the statement reads in part.
"as i have said before, the mayor and i are not partners in any of my businesses.
deal comes under fire
the transaction does not appear on the mayor's statement of assets and interests that is required to be filed under municipal council conflict of interest act.
under the act, council members must disclose the name of every corporation worth more than $500 in which they hold over five per cent of the value.
katz said the city clerk ruled he didn't have to disclose the company transfer.
however, the arrangement has come under scrutiny after becoming public.
brian kelcey, who worked in the mayor's office and now teaches municipal government at the university of winnipeg, said it's inappropriate for the two men to be doing this kind of deal and for it not to be disclosed on the public record.
"let's remember that mayor sam katz is phil's direct day-to-day superior and insofar as phil reports to council, the mayor is one of his indirect superiors," kelcey said.
mynarski coun. ross eadie is calling on to resign, citing the duddy enterprises transaction as well as a controversial land swap involving fire halls.
"the perception is very poor. it wasn't a good decision," eadie said.
"when i'm out on the streets, talking to people who live in my ward, there is a lot of people that are very concerned that the city's getting ripped off."
katz has said no decision has been made on who is responsible for mistakes in the land swap controversy.
a financial review is expected in less than two weeks. | ˈwɪnɪpəg meɪər sæm kæts meɪnˈteɪnz hi dɪd ˈnəθɪŋ rɔŋ ɪn ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ə "ʃɛl ˈkəmpəˌni" frəm ðə ˈsɪtiz ʧif ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˈɔfɪsər bət kənˈsidz ɪt kʊd bi vjud baɪ səm. ənd ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, hi sɛd pərˈsɛpʃən ɪz ki ənd ɪn ˈrɛtrəˌspɛkt hi ʃʊd hæv ʤɪst kriˈeɪtɪd ənd ˈrɛʤɪstərd hɪz oʊn ˈkəmpəˌni ənd peɪd ðə fiz tɪ du ɪt. "wɪn ju ər ɪn ðə wərld əv ˈpɑləˌtɪks, ðə sæd ˈsteɪtmənt ɪz ˌriˈæləˌti ˈdəzənt kaʊnt, ˈoʊˈkeɪ? ɛz ju hərd ðə ɪkˈsprɛʃən: pərˈsɛpʃən ɪz ˌriˈæləˌti," hi sɛd. "soʊ ʃʊd wən ˈɛksərˌsaɪz mɔr ˈkɔʃən. ɪf aɪ hæd tɪ du ðɪs əˈgɛn aɪ wʊd hæv peɪd ðə faʊnd ə ˈlɔjər, ənd bum, dən ðət. noʊ daʊt əˈbaʊt ðət, ðət ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈvæljəbəl ˈlɛsən ˈlərnɪd." ˈsiˌbiˈsi nuz fərst ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ðət kæts hæd ˈpərʧəst ˈdədi ˈɛnərˌpraɪzɪz frəm ðə ˈsɪtiz tɔp ˈbjʊrəˌkræt, fɪl, ɪn mɑrʧ. kæts ˌɪnˈsɪsts ˈdədi ɪz ə "ʃɛl ˈkəmpəˌni" ðət ˈkərəntli noʊ ˈbɪznɪs, bət hi həz sɛd hi maɪt juz ɪt ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. hi sɛd hi peɪd 1 fər ɪt. leɪt ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˈɪʃud ə ʃɔrt ˈsteɪtmənt rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ hɪz roʊl ɪn ðə seɪl əv ˈdədi ˈɛnərˌpraɪzɪz tɪ kæts. "ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈdɔrmənt ənd aɪ noʊ ˈlɔŋgər rikˈwaɪərd ɪt. ɪn ˈrɛtrəˌspɛkt, ɪt wʊd hæv bɪn ˈbɛtər fər ðə meɪər tɪ sɛt əp hɪz oʊn nu ˈkəmpəˌni," ðə ˈsteɪtmənt ridz ɪn pɑrt. "ɛz aɪ hæv sɛd ˌbiˈfɔr, ðə meɪər ənd aɪ ər nɑt ˈpɑrtnərz ɪn ˈɛni əv maɪ ˈbɪznɪsɪz. dil kəmz ˈəndər faɪər ðə trænˈzækʃən dɪz nɑt əˈpɪr ɔn ðə meɪərz ˈsteɪtmənt əv ˈæˌsɛts ənd ˈɪntərɪsts ðət ɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ bi faɪld ˈəndər mjuˈnɪsəpəl ˈkaʊnsəl ˈkɑnflɪkt əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ækt. ˈəndər ðə ækt, ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmɛmbərz məst dɪˈskloʊz ðə neɪm əv ˈɛvəri ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən wərθ mɔr ðən 500 ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ hoʊld ˈoʊvər faɪv pər sɛnt əv ðə ˈvælju. kæts sɛd ðə ˈsɪti klərk ruld hi ˈdɪdənt hæv tɪ dɪˈskloʊz ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈtrænsfər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ərˈeɪnʤmənt həz kəm ˈəndər ˈskrutəni ˈæftər bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈpəblɪk. braɪən ˈkɛlsi, hu wərkt ɪn ðə meɪərz ˈɔfəs ənd naʊ ˈtiʧɪz mjuˈnɪsəpəl ˈgəvərnmənt æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈwɪnɪpəg, sɛd ɪts ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt fər ðə tu mɛn tɪ bi duɪŋ ðɪs kaɪnd əv dil ənd fər ɪt nɑt tɪ bi dɪˈskloʊzd ɔn ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛkərd. "lɛts rɪˈmɛmbər ðət meɪər sæm kæts ɪz fɪl dɪˈrɛkt ˈdeɪtuˌdeɪ suˈpɪriər ənd ˈɪnsəfɑr ɛz fɪl rɪˈpɔrts tɪ ˈkaʊnsəl, ðə meɪər ɪz wən əv hɪz ˌɪndərˈɛkt suˈpɪriərz," ˈkɛlsi sɛd. coun*. rɔs ˈɛdi ɪz ˈkɔlɪŋ ɔn tɪ rɪˈzaɪn, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ðə ˈdədi ˈɛnərˌpraɪzɪz trænˈzækʃən ɛz wɛl ɛz ə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl lænd swɑp ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ faɪər hɔlz. "ðə pərˈsɛpʃən ɪz ˈvɛri pur. ɪt ˈwəzənt ə gʊd dɪˈsɪʒən," ˈɛdi sɛd. "wɪn əm aʊt ɔn ðə strits, ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ˈpipəl hu lɪv ɪn maɪ wɔrd, ðɛr ɪz ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl ðət ər ˈvɛri kənˈsərnd ðət ðə ˈsɪtiz ˈgɪtɪŋ rɪpt ɔf." kæts həz sɛd noʊ dɪˈsɪʒən həz bɪn meɪd ɔn hu ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər mɪˈsteɪks ɪn ðə lænd swɑp ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi. ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌrivˈju ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd ɪn lɛs ðən tu wiks. |
christopher perez, 23, of the 4800 block of west fletcher street, has been charged with a home invasion early saturday that targeted a couple ages 84 and 81, police said monday. view full caption chicago police
chicago a man has been charged with a home invasion early saturday that targeted a couple ages 84 and 81, police said monday.
at a.m. saturday, police officers in the 4700 block of west barry avenue saw christopher perez, 23, "acting suspiciously," police said. perez ducked behind a car and tossed a black object on the ground, which the officers later discovered to be a pouch full of jewelry, police said.
related: 'punk cowards' attacking elderly residents in string of side burglaries
believing the jewelry to be stolen, the officers started to arrest perez, of the 4800 block of west fletcher street, but he resisted.
the jewelry later was confirmed to be from a home invasion earlier that day in the 5800 block of west wellington avenue, and perez was identified as the man who broke into the home, police said.
he was charged with two counts of home invasion with a dangerous weapon, one count of resisting arrest and one count of theft. he also was wanted for a parole violation, police said.
he was scheduled to appear in bond court monday.
records from the illinois department of corrections show perez was released from prison in may 2016. he had been sentenced to years in prison for a 2014 case for burglary and possession of stolen guns. he previously was sentenced to 3 years in prison for a 2011 robbery case.
on saturday, supt. eddie johnson said police believed three of the four recent home invasions on the northwest side were related, though police had no further information monday on whether perez was a suspect in any of the other crimes.
on thursday night, an elderly couple was attacked and robbed in their portage park home. on may 19, a woman was badly beaten and robbed by a man while she cleaned her irving park home. another attack occurred tuesday night in the 4800 block of west nelson street, police said.
in the wellington avenue home invasion, a man climbed into the couple's home through a back window at a.m. he walked up to the man in the living room and said he had a gun.
the man and woman gave the thief a wallet, checkbook, $30 in cash and jewelry, police said. | ˈkrɪstəfər ˈpɛrɛz, 23 əv ðə 4800 blɑk əv wɛst ˈflɛʧər strit, həz bɪn ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ə hoʊm ˌɪnˈveɪʒən ˈərli ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ðət ˈtɑrgətɪd ə ˈkəpəl ˈeɪʤɪz 84 ənd 81 pəˈlis sɛd ˈmənˌdeɪ. vju fʊl ˈkæpʃən ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ pəˈlis ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ə mæn həz bɪn ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ə hoʊm ˌɪnˈveɪʒən ˈərli ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ðət ˈtɑrgətɪd ə ˈkəpəl ˈeɪʤɪz 84 ənd 81 pəˈlis sɛd ˈmənˌdeɪ. æt a.m*. ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz ɪn ðə 4700 blɑk əv wɛst ˈbɛri ˈævəˌnu sɔ ˈkrɪstəfər ˈpɛrɛz, 23 "ˈæktɪŋ səˈspɪʃəsli," pəˈlis sɛd. ˈpɛrɛz dəkt bɪˈhaɪnd ə kɑr ənd tɔst ə blæk ˈɑbʤɛkt ɔn ðə graʊnd, wɪʧ ðə ˈɔfɪsərz ˈleɪtər dɪˈskəvərd tɪ bi ə paʊʧ fʊl əv ˈʤuəlri, pəˈlis sɛd. rɪˈleɪtɪd: 'pəŋk kaʊərdz' əˈtækɪŋ ˈɛldərli ˈrɛzɪdənts ɪn strɪŋ əv saɪd ˈbərgləriz bɪˈlivɪŋ ðə ˈʤuəlri tɪ bi ˈstoʊlən, ðə ˈɔfɪsərz ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ ərˈɛst ˈpɛrɛz, əv ðə 4800 blɑk əv wɛst ˈflɛʧər strit, bət hi rɪˈzɪstɪd. ðə ˈʤuəlri ˈleɪtər wɑz kənˈfərmd tɪ bi frəm ə hoʊm ˌɪnˈveɪʒən ˈərliər ðət deɪ ɪn ðə 5800 blɑk əv wɛst ˈwɛlɪŋtən ˈævəˌnu, ənd ˈpɛrɛz wɑz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ðə mæn hu broʊk ˈɪntu ðə hoʊm, pəˈlis sɛd. hi wɑz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ tu kaʊnts əv hoʊm ˌɪnˈveɪʒən wɪθ ə ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈwɛpən, wən kaʊnt əv rɪˈzɪstɪŋ ərˈɛst ənd wən kaʊnt əv θɛft. hi ˈɔlsoʊ wɑz ˈwɔntɪd fər ə pəroʊl vaɪəˈleɪʃən, pəˈlis sɛd. hi wɑz ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ əˈpɪr ɪn bɑnd kɔrt ˈmənˌdeɪ. ˈrɛkərdz frəm ðə ˌɪləˈnɔɪz dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv kərˈɛkʃənz ʃoʊ ˈpɛrɛz wɑz riˈlist frəm ˈprɪzən ɪn meɪ 2016 hi hæd bɪn ˈsɛntənst tɪ jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən fər ə 2014 keɪs fər ˈbərgləri ənd pəˈzɛʃən əv ˈstoʊlən gənz. hi ˈpriviəsli wɑz ˈsɛntənst tɪ 3 jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən fər ə 2011 ˈrɑbəri keɪs. ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, supt*. ˈɛdi ˈʤɑnsən sɛd pəˈlis bɪˈlivd θri əv ðə fɔr ˈrisənt hoʊm ˌɪnˈveɪʒənz ɔn ðə ˌnɔrθˈwɛst saɪd wər rɪˈleɪtɪd, ðoʊ pəˈlis hæd noʊ ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈmənˌdeɪ ɔn ˈwɛðər ˈpɛrɛz wɑz ə ˈsəˌspɛkt ɪn ˈɛni əv ðə ˈəðər kraɪmz. ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ naɪt, ən ˈɛldərli ˈkəpəl wɑz əˈtækt ənd rɑbd ɪn ðɛr ˈpɔrtɪʤ pɑrk hoʊm. ɔn meɪ 19 ə ˈwʊmən wɑz ˈbædli ˈbitən ənd rɑbd baɪ ə mæn waɪl ʃi klind hər ˈərvɪŋ pɑrk hoʊm. əˈnəðər əˈtæk əˈkərd ˈtuzˌdeɪ naɪt ɪn ðə 4800 blɑk əv wɛst ˈnɛlsən strit, pəˈlis sɛd. ɪn ðə ˈwɛlɪŋtən ˈævəˌnu hoʊm ˌɪnˈveɪʒən, ə mæn klaɪmd ˈɪntu ðə ˈkəpəlz hoʊm θru ə bæk ˈwɪndoʊ æt a.m*. hi wɔkt əp tɪ ðə mæn ɪn ðə ˈlɪvɪŋ rum ənd sɛd hi hæd ə gən. ðə mæn ənd ˈwʊmən geɪv ðə θif ə ˈwɔlət, ˈʧɛkˌbʊk, 30 ɪn kæʃ ənd ˈʤuəlri, pəˈlis sɛd. |
former secretary of state colin l. powell speaks during the groundbreaking ceremony for the u.s. diplomacy center at the state department in 2014. on thursday, he addressed an email he sent to hillary clinton telling her that he used a personal computer to do business with other officials and foreign leaders. (carolyn kaster/ap)
former secretary of state colin l. powell said in a statement thursday that he was not trying to “influence” hillary clinton when he sent her an email telling her he used a personal computer attached to a private phone line to do business with foreign leaders and state department officials, but rather to explain his own technological practices years earlier.
and for those practices, powell offered no apologies.
“i have been interviewed by the state department [inspector general] and the fbi about my actions and decisions,” powell said in a statement. “i stand by my decisions and i am fully accountable.”
powell issued the statement after rep. elijah e. cummings (d-md.) released a january 2009 email exchange between powell and clinton. responding to a question from clinton about restrictions on blackberry use, powell wrote that he have such a device, but he did have “a personal computer that was hooked up to a private phone line.”
[read the full exchange between colin powell and hillary clinton]
“so i could communicate with a wide range of friends directly without it going through the state department servers,” powell wrote. “i even used it to do business with some foreign leaders and some of the senior folks in the department on their personal email accounts. i did the same thing on the road in hotels.”
later, after writing at length about what he perceived as overblown concerns about spies accessing his devices, powell advised clinton that the “real danger” was that her correspondence on a blackberry could ultimately be made public.
“if it is public that you have a blackberry and it it [sic] government and you are using it, government or not, to do business, it may become an official record and subject to the law,” powell wrote. he added later: “be very careful. i got around it all by not saying much and not using systems that captured the data.”
according to a report by the state inspector general, powell had already acknowledged using a laptop on a private line and sending notes to ambassadors and foreign ministers via personal email, and a representative said he did not retain or print those emails.
clinton’s presidential campaign has been dogged by her own use of a private email server which critics have suggested could have potentially allowed classified information to fall into the wrong hands though the fbi investigated it thoroughly and found no evidence that it had been hacked. nor did they find any substantive reason to charge clinton or her aides with any crime.
in releasing the email exchange, cummings said powell had provided clinton a “detailed blueprint on how to skirt security rules and bypass requirements to preserve federal records.” powell noted in his statement that clinton “has stated that she was not influenced by my email in making her decisions on email use,” and said he was “not aware at the time of any requirement for private, unclassified exchanges to be treated as official records.”
“with respect to records, if i sent an email from my public email account to an addressee at another public email account it would not have gone through state department servers. it was a private conversation similar to a phone call,” he said. “if i sent it to a address it should have been captured and retained by state servers.”
clinton told fbi agents she understood powell to mean any communications would be government records and that they did not factor into her decision to use a personal email. | ˈfɔrmər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ˈkoʊlɪn ɛl. ˈpɑwɛl spiks ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈgraʊnˌbreɪkɪŋ ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni fər ðə juz. dɪˈploʊməsi ˈsɛnər æt ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪn 2014 ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, hi əˈdrɛst ən iˈmeɪl hi sɛnt tɪ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ˈtɛlɪŋ hər ðət hi juzd ə ˈpərsɪnəl kəmˈpjutər tɪ du ˈbɪznɪs wɪθ ˈəðər əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ˈfɔrən ˈlidərz. (ˈkɛrəlɪn kaster/ap*) ˈfɔrmər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ˈkoʊlɪn ɛl. ˈpɑwɛl sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈθərzˌdeɪ ðət hi wɑz nɑt traɪɪŋ tɪ ““influence”*” ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən wɪn hi sɛnt hər ən iˈmeɪl ˈtɛlɪŋ hər hi juzd ə ˈpərsɪnəl kəmˈpjutər əˈtæʧt tɪ ə ˈpraɪvət foʊn laɪn tɪ du ˈbɪznɪs wɪθ ˈfɔrən ˈlidərz ənd steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt əˈfɪʃəlz, bət ˈrəðər tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn hɪz oʊn ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpræktɪsɪz jɪrz ˈərliər. ənd fər ðoʊz ˈpræktɪsɪz, ˈpɑwɛl ˈɔfərd noʊ əˈpɑləˌʤiz. hæv bɪn ˈɪntərvˌjud baɪ ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt [ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈʤɛnərəl] ənd ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ əˈbaʊt maɪ ˈækʃənz ənd decisions,”*,” ˈpɑwɛl sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. stænd baɪ maɪ dɪˈsɪʒənz ənd aɪ æm ˈfʊli accountable.”*.” ˈpɑwɛl ˈɪʃud ðə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈæftər rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ɛˈlaɪʤə i. ˈkəmɪŋz (d-md*.) riˈlist ə ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2009 iˈmeɪl ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ bɪtˈwin ˈpɑwɛl ənd ˈklɪntən. rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ə kˈwɛʃən frəm ˈklɪntən əˈbaʊt riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn ˈblækˌbɛri juz, ˈpɑwɛl roʊt ðət hi hæv səʧ ə dɪˈvaɪs, bət hi dɪd hæv ˈpərsɪnəl kəmˈpjutər ðət wɑz hʊkt əp tɪ ə ˈpraɪvət foʊn line.”*.” [rɛd ðə fʊl ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ bɪtˈwin ˈkoʊlɪn ˈpɑwɛl ənd ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən] aɪ kʊd kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt wɪθ ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv frɛndz dɪˈrɛkli wɪˈθaʊt ɪt goʊɪŋ θru ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt servers,”*,” ˈpɑwɛl roʊt. ˈivɪn juzd ɪt tɪ du ˈbɪznɪs wɪθ səm ˈfɔrən ˈlidərz ənd səm əv ðə ˈsinjər foʊks ɪn ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɔn ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl iˈmeɪl əˈkaʊnts. aɪ dɪd ðə seɪm θɪŋ ɔn ðə roʊd ɪn hotels.”*.” ˈleɪtər, ˈæftər ˈraɪtɪŋ æt lɛŋθ əˈbaʊt wət hi pərˈsivd ɛz ˌoʊvərˈbloʊn kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt spaɪz ˈækˌsɛsɪŋ hɪz dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ˈpɑwɛl ədˈvaɪzd ˈklɪntən ðət ðə danger”*” wɑz ðət hər ˌkɔrəˈspɑndəns ɔn ə ˈblækˌbɛri kʊd ˈəltəmətli bi meɪd ˈpəblɪk. ɪt ɪz ˈpəblɪk ðət ju hæv ə ˈblækˌbɛri ənd ɪt ɪt [sɪk] ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ju ər ˈjuzɪŋ ɪt, ˈgəvərnmənt ər nɑt, tɪ du ˈbɪznɪs, ɪt meɪ bɪˈkəm ən əˈfɪʃəl ˈrɛkərd ənd ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ðə law,”*,” ˈpɑwɛl roʊt. hi ˈædɪd ˈleɪtər: ˈvɛri ˈkɛrfəl. aɪ gɑt əraʊnd ɪt ɔl baɪ nɑt seɪɪŋ məʧ ənd nɑt ˈjuzɪŋ ˈsɪstəmz ðət ˈkæpʧərd ðə data.”*.” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə rɪˈpɔrt baɪ ðə steɪt ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈʤɛnərəl, ˈpɑwɛl hæd ɔˈrɛdi ækˈnɑlɪʤd ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈlæpˌtɑp ɔn ə ˈpraɪvət laɪn ənd ˈsɛndɪŋ noʊts tɪ æmˈbæsədərz ənd ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstərz ˈviə ˈpərsɪnəl iˈmeɪl, ənd ə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv sɛd hi dɪd nɑt rɪˈteɪn ər prɪnt ðoʊz iˈmeɪlz. ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn həz bɪn dɔgd baɪ hər oʊn juz əv ə ˈpraɪvət iˈmeɪl ˈsərvər wɪʧ ˈkrɪtɪks hæv səˈʤɛstɪd kʊd hæv pəˈtɛnʃəli əˈlaʊd ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ fɔl ˈɪntu ðə rɔŋ hænz ðoʊ ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ɪt ˈθəroʊli ənd faʊnd noʊ ˈɛvədəns ðət ɪt hæd bɪn hækt. nɔr dɪd ðeɪ faɪnd ˈɛni ˈsəbstəntɪv ˈrizən tɪ ʧɑrʤ ˈklɪntən ər hər eɪdz wɪθ ˈɛni kraɪm. ɪn riˈlisɪŋ ðə iˈmeɪl ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ, ˈkəmɪŋz sɛd ˈpɑwɛl hæd prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈklɪntən ə ˈbluˌprɪnt ɔn haʊ tɪ skərt sɪˈkjʊrəti rulz ənd ˈbaɪˌpæs rɪkˈwaɪrmənts tɪ prɪˈzərv ˈfɛdərəl records.”*.” ˈpɑwɛl ˈnoʊtɪd ɪn hɪz ˈsteɪtmənt ðət ˈklɪntən ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ʃi wɑz nɑt ˈɪnfluənst baɪ maɪ iˈmeɪl ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ hər dɪˈsɪʒənz ɔn iˈmeɪl use,”*,” ənd sɛd hi wɑz əˈwɛr æt ðə taɪm əv ˈɛni rɪkˈwaɪrmənt fər ˈpraɪvət, ənˈklæsɪˌfaɪd ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ bi ˈtritɪd ɛz əˈfɪʃəl records.”*.” rɪˈspɛkt tɪ ˈrɛkərdz, ɪf aɪ sɛnt ən iˈmeɪl frəm maɪ ˈpəblɪk iˈmeɪl əˈkaʊnt tɪ ən ˌædrɛˈsi æt əˈnəðər ˈpəblɪk iˈmeɪl əˈkaʊnt ɪt wʊd nɑt hæv gɔn θru steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈsərvərz. ɪt wɑz ə ˈpraɪvət ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ˈsɪmələr tɪ ə foʊn call,”*,” hi sɛd. aɪ sɛnt ɪt tɪ ə ˈæˌdrɛs ɪt ʃʊd hæv bɪn ˈkæpʧərd ənd rɪˈteɪnd baɪ steɪt servers.”*.” ˈklɪntən toʊld ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈeɪʤənts ʃi ˌəndərˈstʊd ˈpɑwɛl tɪ min ˈɛni kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz wʊd bi ˈgəvərnmənt ˈrɛkərdz ənd ðət ðeɪ dɪd nɑt ˈfæktər ˈɪntu hər dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ juz ə ˈpərsɪnəl iˈmeɪl. |
early one morning last october police forces surrounded the residents of, a remote village in the state of in eastern india, and attacked. sixteen people were killed, including an older couple and their daughter, who was stabbed in the head with a knife and had her breasts sliced off. her son survived, but three of his fingers were chopped off. a neighbor who witnessed the massacre was shot in the leg as she tried to escape. what prompted the rampage? the cops suspected the villagers of sympathizing with maoist insurgents, believing that some were informants. a criminal case has been filed by the survivors against the state.
business as usual in this part of the world. the indian government is trying to exterminate maoists known as and since 2004 have killed of them; trapped in the crossfire, villagers have also died.
the have claimed their share of victims, too. a few months before the attack meshram, a village head, was gunned down by maoists in a market in the same district (bastar). his crime: he was an outspoken supporter of a plant that tata steel, one of india's luminary companies, has been trying to build for the past five years . he is one of or more people--villagers, police and have been killed by maoists, just in this district. in the bloodiest attack yet, 80 or more paramilitary troops were killed in early april as they tried to flush out maoist rebels in the forests of in.
this is india's dirty war: a brutal struggle over valuable real estate that pits the against some of the nation's most powerful commercial interests. what began 43 years ago as a small but violent peasant insurrection inbari, a west bengal village, is now a conflict led by the banned communist party of india (maoist) across 20 of the country's 28 states (see map below), affecting 223 districts. the fight is over land, much of it in the interior, that has rich deposits of coal and bauxite. on one side of the struggle are the of them armed and out in the field every day, and a militia of who can be called up on short notice. driven by a violent ideology, the claim to be fighting for the land rights of the poor, especially farmers and small indigenous tribes who know only an agrarian way of life. on the other side are the wealthy families behind tata steel, steel & power and resources (run by mining mogul agarwal), who want to develop the untapped resources. (the three companies rank 345, and 923 on the global 2000 list.) caught in the middle of the conflict between maoists and billionaires are thousands of villagers. (see: "my family's narrow escape from india's dirty war")
in principle there ought to be an economic answer to the economic question of whether a steel mill is a better use of land than a farm. if the mill is so valuable, why can't its owner offer the peasants an irresistible sum to leave? but here the market takes a back seat behind politics and thuggery.
it's no mystery why things have gotten worse. "india's boom period has coincided with maximum dissent and dissatisfaction in rural india," says sahni, executive director for the institute for conflict management, a new delhi think tank. over the last decade the indian government has been trying by legal and other means to lock up the land for public projects like power plants and, more recently, for private enterprises like tata. (under the indian constitution people are prohibited from directly acquiring land in certain parts of the country, so the government must obtain it on their behalf and sell it to the companies.) that trend has put the state more and more in conflict with the maoist rebels, and it has ratcheted up paramilitary operations against them. the government has also squared off more frequently against those who have farmed the land for centuries, using various legal entitlements--and, villagers often claim, resorting to fraud or gain possession of the property. other times the state simply seizes the land, labeling any resistance rebel-inspired. hundreds of thousands of people have been dispossessed and displaced. many now live in what could become permanent refugee camps, where they are prey to both sides of the proxy war and easy converts to radicalism.
dantewada in is the epicenter of activity, where the new delhi government launched a "cleansing" operation last fall. it also happens to be 50 miles from the town of jagdalpur, the site of a planned factory by tata steel that will produce 5 million tons a year, and close to iron ore mines that could feed the plant. for the past five years the government has been trying to acquire acres across ten villages that will affect landowners but has met with resistance even as it is being accused of bullying and pressure tactics. tata washes its hands of those allegations. "land acquisition is the government's job," says a spokesperson.
acres of rice, and lentils stretch to the horizon. standing among rows of on his 6 acres, mandavi, the village head, says tata reps have been telling him and other farmers to sell the land and have offered them jobs in the new steel factory. "we're not engineers," he says. "we'll get jobs where we'll be serving water to others or sweeping the floors. right now we live like owners. why should we become servants?"
their defiance doesn't go down well, even in the world's largest democracy. the police have been breaking up gatherings of as few as five people. a couple of winters ago two busloads of villagers were on their way to meet the governor of to complain about being bullied into selling their land for the tata plant when the police stopped their buses and hauled them off to jail. mora, 46, a farmer in the nearby village who refused to sell out, was arrested a third time afterrning from a weekly village gathering where farmers discuss issues like water supply, crop infestation and disputes with their neighbors. charge: disturbing the peace. that evening about 40 cops came to his house, broke the lock and dragged him out. "i've told them i won't give up my land," he says. "i'm uneducated and can't get a job in an office, so once the money runs out what will i do? i only have the support of my farming, i don't have anything else." (the police say they have no involvement in land acquisition and show up only to hunt maoists.)
red tide
the spread of the maoist insurgency.
some villagers have found their names on lists of people who have sold their though they say they haven't. kamal, 40, is a towering, muscular figure with a thick beard. a resident of village, he owns 8 acres along with his brother, sister and mother, and has met the same fate as mora. on each trip to prison, he says, people he thought were tata reps, accompanied by government officials, asked him to part with his land. (in its blanket denial of abuses, tata declined to address specific incidents.) "they said, 'we'll let you go; take the money,'" recalls. "i said, 'i'm a prisoner, and i cannot talk to you.'" last may he found out his name and those of his sister and mother had been struck from the revenue records because they had supposedly sold their farms. filed complaints with the ministry of information before he finally received a copy of the records. he also got copies of letters from of whom had purportedly sold their their opposition to selling.
there's nothing subtle about the threats. a teacher, ram, was told he'd be transferred to another district if he didn't sell. that's what happened to a colleague. in another village, aito, a farmer of 60 or so, had been in prison for a month on charges of disturbing the peace. his sons were told that unless they agreed to take the check from tata, their father would rot in jail. they finally accepted their father was released the next day, they say.
tata says it was invited in by the government of and that it is bringing economic opportunity to the area, a frequent claim made by corporations. "although rich in mineral resources, is among the most backward regions of the country," says a tata spokesperson. "[the plant] will give a fillip to development in the region." the company, he adds, paid double the amount per acre set by the government; it plans to offer to exchange real estate, perhaps acre for acre for up to acres of land lost, as well as technical training and jobs to one member from each affected family. moreover, tata says that 70% of the residents have accepted its offers and the rest are coming around. (villagers dispute the assertion that the payments were generous and say there are still many holdouts.) "youth of the area is in favor of industrialization, in which they see their future," says the spokesperson.
roughly 400 miles north, the thickly forested area in raigarh, gives way to black, as soot blankets shrubs, the road, everything. steel & power dominates the region with its steel plant, coal mines and a plant., executive chairman and member of parliament (congress party), has transformed the company from a moderate performer into a star. (his mother, savitri, is chairman of the holding company, o.p. group, and ranks number 44 on the forbes billionaires list with an estimated net worth of $12.2 billion.)'s is among the steel producers, thanks to supplies of iron ore and electric power and use of sponge iron, which takes cheap bituminous coal transported by a pipeline instead of the more expensive imported anthracite. to keep up this cycle of growth, needs more land. that push has created strife.
residents say they aren't allowed to voice their concerns at public hearings to decide whether can build an additional $2.4 billion,-gigawatt power plant in the same region. at one such meeting in january 2008 seven people, including patel, the village head, were beaten by police; some were hospitalized for a week. "the company has a 'no objection' certificate the project, but we never gave it," says patel. "most of these hearings are being forged," adds ramesh agrawal, who runs an internet cafe that funds his efforts to pursue court cases against and to inform villagers about their legal rights. "[we] had no role in conducting the public hearing except for making a brief presentation about the project," says. "i believe some people wanted to create trouble and the police had to intervene to maintain peace."
krishna lal sao doesn't seem like a troublemaker. in 2003, he says, power dumped truckloads of mud on his 2 acres of arable land before his crop was harvested. sao, a police employee who farmed on the side, says fellow cops wouldn't let him register a complaint and harassed him to the point that he resigned in late 2005. in march 2007 a district court gave him title to his land and directed the police to restore his property. however, without his permission, put up a cooling tower and warehouse on that same acreage. sao has given up and started a stationery store. lost his acres, he says, after put a boundary wall around it in 2004. he tried to fight in court, to no avail. blames both the 2007 suicide of his younger son and his wife's recent fatal heart attack on stressful circumstances caused by. a separate plot, he says, fell to the company in october when it set up a mixing plant there. now he and his remaining son are forced to farm someone else's land.
jindal steel says and's land was acquired after the industrial development corp. followed due process. the two farmers say their land was seized to develop a "greenbelt." (today the belt consists of a cooling tower and warehouse.) their review petitions were rejected by the high court of. adds: "there is some initial resistance as villagers are obviously aspiring to obtain maximum prices for their land and other benefits."
many driven out by the, others by police on orders from state up in refugee camps., in the heart of the district, is one of 23 camps, containing or more people, run by a civilian militia known as (literally, "purification hunt"). row after row of mud huts with thatched roofs line the camp, punctuated by occasional piles of garbage and hand pumps, where women fill buckets and children (who should be in the camp's elementary school) bathe. there is no work for the farmers. a few may chance a day trip to check on the land they were forced from, even sneak sowing a crop. most just hang out; the air is filled with the acrid smoke of bidis, the cheapest cigarettes.
kathar arrived at roughly five years ago. he says that maoists held a meeting in his village and accused his son, then 20 years old and newly married, of being a police informant. they killed him in front of everyone. another resident, joge, 21, earns $46 a month as a police officer for the and supposedly protects the refugees. he's married and has a child. "i will raise my daughter here in the camp," he says. "i do miss my village, but now that i've picked up arms i can't go back."
salwa members aren't merely the protectors of the villagers, as they claim. "there is a complete collapse of the rule of the root cause of violence in the area being the and counterattacks," says sundar, a sociology professor at the delhi school of economics. some 15 miles from the camp, deep in the forests and inaccessible even by mud road, is village, inhabited by an indigenous tribe. in 2006 the raided the old part of and burned down homes before attacking new. those who didn't escape, like's father, were killed. "they slit his throat with a knife and left [his neck] hanging by a piece," he says. "i'm too scared to go to the police. they'd finish us off if we complained." not so, says mishra, superintendent of police for. "there are many incidents wheres have done this and blamed it on and the police."
after the houses were torched, maoists came and gave the villagers clothes. therned twice more, set fire to the homes and abducted two boys and a girl who have never been seen since. the village was lately rebuilt by kumar, who has run an and a nonprofit to teach literacy and basic hygiene in the heart of territory for the past 18 years. an ardent supporter of the, he has recorded atrocities by the police, the and the government. he has also supported perhaps 600 legal complaints against them, many still grinding through the court system. the cops are now trying to tag him as a maoist. kumar says there's an easy way out of this mess: "if you want peace, give the schools, hospitals, rations will never interfere with any of this."
not so easy, says dilip, additional secretary to the home ministry. the maoists, he says, "have refused to respond to the simple call to give up condition the government has set for talks.
next door, in the state of, villagers have been fighting off a five-year push by south korea's iron & steel co. ( posco , number 137 in the global 2000) to acquire acres in order to build what would become the world's steel plant, producing 12 million tons a year. the resistance is headed by sahoo, a leader of the leftist congress party of the party of the maoists, it is legal and largely supported by farmers and some labor unions. farmers from four villages have barricaded and patrol all access roads to keep out police, government and company officials. the area is rich in cash crops, particularly cashew nuts and betel nut leaves that sell for 2 cents apiece. "[everyone] from a boy to an man can earn at least $109 per month just from harvesting these leaves," says sahoo. "if posco is allowed in, this economy and livelihood will be destroyed as no company can employ so many people or pay as well."
over the last couple of years, in two episodes, sympathizers have thrown homemade bombs at villagers, resulting in one death and multiple injuries. in january 2010 four posco employees entered the villages to carry out a land survey and were captured by men. they were held the entire day and released only after they signed a letter promising not torn. "we told them this is a back at your own risk," says sahoo, who has 37 police cases against him for his resistance and has served 10 months in prison on charges that include attempted murder and kidnapping. there are 150 or so cases against the villagers and warrants for 642 others hiding there. "if the state will create violence, retaliation is a must," says sahoo.
the land belongs to the government, says a posco spokesperson. villagers, he adds, have encroached on it for at least a couple of generations. "india is in grave danger of losing the development race against china," he says. "india produces a twelfth of china's steel and wants to double this in the next two years but can't do that without such megaprojects."
on the western side of there is against resources. run by mining tycoon agarwal (number 113 among the forbes billionaires, with an estimated fortune of $6.4 billion), is trying to mine bauxite from the hills to produce aluminum. for generations the kondh, an indigenous tribe of, has been has been living off the bounty of the thick to tigers, barking deer, elephants and bison, as well as to hardwoods like the flowering sal trees. the region also holds an estimated 2 billion tons of bauxite along a belt. kumar, aluminum's chief operating officer, says the mining and land lease is with the mining corp., which plans to acquire just acres of and intends to mine only half of that. because of tribal opposition, though, has been able to build only an aluminum refinery nearby. profits are minimal because it must import bauxite from other regions.
the refinery's emissions, along with the pond, may well be making life hazardous for residents. last year villagers say nine people died of complications from tuberculosis and bronchitis; the government admits to only one. kumar says the state is aware of the health problems and is investigating. in february amnesty international issued a damning report on the refinery and the proposed enough that the church of england and the joseph rowntree charitable trust sold their $5.7 million and $2.9 million investments, respectively, in. "local ngos are and instigating people," kumar fumes. "this is not an agitation against a project but a movement against industry in."
that may be. thes still come to sell their wares at a weekly market in the heart of the forest, bearing lentils, rice, dried fish, tobacco, potatoes, ginger, and bananas. "other than salt i get everything from these hills," says ranga, a tribal member, through a translator. he earns his living with the ax that casually rests on one shoulder. but he's apparently prepared to use it in defense of his way of life. "we will kill with this," he says, gripping the handle. "we will not let the company come in here."
see also:
my family's narrow escape from india's dirty war
special offer: free trial issue of forbes | ˈərli wən ˈmɔrnɪŋ læst ɑkˈtoʊbər pəˈlis ˈfɔrsɪz sərˈaʊndɪd ðə ˈrɛzɪdənts əv, ə rɪˈmoʊt ˈvɪlɪʤ ɪn ðə steɪt əv ɪn ˈistərn ˈɪndiə, ənd əˈtækt. ˈsɪkˈstin ˈpipəl wər kɪld, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ən ˈoʊldər ˈkəpəl ənd ðɛr ˈdɔtər, hu wɑz stæbd ɪn ðə hɛd wɪθ ə naɪf ənd hæd hər brɛsts slaɪst ɔf. hər sən sərˈvaɪvd, bət θri əv hɪz ˈfɪŋgərz wər ʧɑpt ɔf. ə ˈneɪbər hu ˈwɪtnəst ðə ˈmæsəkər wɑz ʃɑt ɪn ðə lɛg ɛz ʃi traɪd tɪ ɪˈskeɪp. wət ˈprɑmptɪd ðə ˈræmˌpeɪʤ? ðə kɑps səˈspɛktɪd ðə ˈvɪlɪʤərz əv ˈsɪmpəˌθaɪzɪŋ wɪθ maʊɪst ˌɪnˈsərʤənts, bɪˈlivɪŋ ðət səm wər ˌɪnˈfɔrmənts. ə ˈkrɪmənəl keɪs həz bɪn faɪld baɪ ðə sərˈvaɪvərz əˈgɛnst ðə steɪt. ˈbɪznɪs ɛz ˈjuʒəwəl ɪn ðɪs pɑrt əv ðə wərld. ðə ˈɪndiən ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ ɪkˈstərməˌneɪt maʊɪsts noʊn ɛz ənd sɪns 2004 hæv kɪld əv ðɛm; træpt ɪn ðə ˈkrɔsˌfaɪr, ˈvɪlɪʤərz hæv ˈɔlsoʊ daɪd. ðə hæv kleɪmd ðɛr ʃɛr əv ˈvɪktɪmz, tu. ə fju mənθs ˌbiˈfɔr ðə əˈtæk meshram*, ə ˈvɪlɪʤ hɛd, wɑz gənd daʊn baɪ maʊɪsts ɪn ə ˈmɑrkɪt ɪn ðə seɪm ˈdɪstrɪkt (bastar*). hɪz kraɪm: hi wɑz ən ˈaʊtˈspoʊkən səˈpɔrtər əv ə plænt ðət ˈtɑtɑ stil, wən əv ˈɪndiəz ˈluməˌnɛri ˈkəmpəˌniz, həz bɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ bɪld fər ðə pæst faɪv jɪrz hi ɪz wən əv ər mɔr people--villagers*, pəˈlis ənd hæv bɪn kɪld baɪ maʊɪsts, ʤɪst ɪn ðɪs ˈdɪstrɪkt. ɪn ðə ˈblədiəst əˈtæk jɛt, 80 ər mɔr ˌpɛrəˈmɪləˌtɛri trups wər kɪld ɪn ˈərli ˈeɪprəl ɛz ðeɪ traɪd tɪ fləʃ aʊt maʊɪst ˈrɛbəlz ɪn ðə ˈfɔrəsts əv ɪn. ðɪs ɪz ˈɪndiəz ˈdərti wɔr: ə ˈbrutəl ˈstrəgəl ˈoʊvər ˈvæljəbəl ril ɛˈsteɪt ðət pɪts ðə əˈgɛnst səm əv ðə ˈneɪʃənz moʊst ˈpaʊərfəl kəˈmərʃəl ˈɪntərɪsts. wət bɪˈgæn 43 jɪrz əˈgoʊ ɛz ə smɔl bət ˈvaɪələnt ˈpɛzənt ˌɪnsərˈɛkʃən ɪn naxalbari*, ə wɛst ˈbɛŋgəl ˈvɪlɪʤ, ɪz naʊ ə ˈkɑnflɪkt lɛd baɪ ðə bænd ˈkɑmjənəst ˈpɑrti əv ˈɪndiə (maʊɪst) əˈkrɔs 20 əv ðə ˈkəntriz 28 steɪts (si mæp bɪˈloʊ), əˈfɛktɪŋ 223 ˈdɪstrɪkts. ðə faɪt ɪz ˈoʊvər lænd, məʧ əv ɪt ɪn ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər, ðət həz rɪʧ dɪˈpɑzəts əv koʊl ənd ˈbɔksaɪt. ɔn wən saɪd əv ðə ˈstrəgəl ər ðə əv ðɛm ɑrmd ənd aʊt ɪn ðə fild ˈɛvəri deɪ, ənd ə mɪˈlɪʃə əv hu kən bi kɔld əp ɔn ʃɔrt ˈnoʊtɪs. ˈdrɪvən baɪ ə ˈvaɪələnt ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi, ðə kleɪm tɪ bi ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər ðə lænd raɪts əv ðə pur, əˈspɛʃəli ˈfɑrmərz ənd smɔl ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs traɪbz hu noʊ ˈoʊnli ən əˈgrɛriən weɪ əv laɪf. ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd ər ðə ˈwɛlθi ˈfæməliz bɪˈhaɪnd ˈtɑtɑ stil, stil paʊər ənd ˈrisɔrsɪz (rən baɪ ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈmoʊgəl ˈɑgɑrwɑl), hu wɔnt tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ðə ənˈtæpt ˈrisɔrsɪz. (ðə θri ˈkəmpəˌniz ræŋk 345 ənd 923 ɔn ðə ˈgloʊbəl 2000 lɪst.) kɔt ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt bɪtˈwin maʊɪsts ənd ˌbɪljəˈnɛrz ər ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈvɪlɪʤərz. (si: "maɪ ˈfæməliz ˈnɛroʊ ɪˈskeɪp frəm ˈɪndiəz ˈdərti wɔr") ɪn ˈprɪnsəpəl ðɛr ɔt tɪ bi ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈænsər tɪ ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk kˈwɛʃən əv ˈwɛðər ə stil mɪl ɪz ə ˈbɛtər juz əv lænd ðən ə fɑrm. ɪf ðə mɪl ɪz soʊ ˈvæljəbəl, waɪ kænt ɪts ˈoʊnər ˈɔfər ðə ˈpɛzənts ən ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbəl səm tɪ liv? bət hir ðə ˈmɑrkɪt teɪks ə bæk sit bɪˈhaɪnd ˈpɑləˌtɪks ənd ˈθəgəri. ɪts noʊ ˈmɪstəri waɪ θɪŋz hæv ˈgɔtən wərs. "ˈɪndiəz bum ˈpɪriəd həz ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdəd wɪθ ˈmæksəməm dɪˈsɛnt ənd ˌdɪsætɪsˈfækʃən ɪn ˈrʊrəl ˈɪndiə," sɪz sahni*, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər fər ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈkɑnflɪkt ˈmænɪʤmənt, ə nu ˈdɛli θɪŋk tæŋk. ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈdɛkeɪd ðə ˈɪndiən ˈgəvərnmənt həz bɪn traɪɪŋ baɪ ˈligəl ənd ˈəðər minz tɪ lɑk əp ðə lænd fər ˈpəblɪk ˈprɑʤɛkts laɪk paʊər plænts ənd, mɔr ˈrisəntli, fər ˈpraɪvət ˈɛnərˌpraɪzɪz laɪk ˈtɑtɑ. (ˈəndər ðə ˈɪndiən ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən ˈpipəl ər proʊˈhɪbətəd frəm dɪˈrɛkli əkˈwaɪərɪŋ lænd ɪn ˈsərtən pɑrts əv ðə ˈkəntri, soʊ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt məst əbˈteɪn ɪt ɔn ðɛr bɪˈhæf ənd sɛl ɪt tɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz.) ðət trɛnd həz pʊt ðə steɪt mɔr ənd mɔr ɪn ˈkɑnflɪkt wɪθ ðə maʊɪst ˈrɛbəlz, ənd ɪt həz ˈræʧətɪd əp ˌpɛrəˈmɪləˌtɛri ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ðɛm. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt həz ˈɔlsoʊ skwɛrd ɔf mɔr ˈfrikwɛntli əˈgɛnst ðoʊz hu hæv fɑrmd ðə lænd fər ˈsɛnʧəriz, ˈjuzɪŋ ˈvɛriəs ˈligəl entitlements--and*, ˈvɪlɪʤərz ˈɔfən kleɪm, rɪˈzɔrtɪŋ tɪ frɔd ər geɪn pəˈzɛʃən əv ðə ˈprɑpərti. ˈəðər taɪmz ðə steɪt ˈsɪmpli ˈsizɪz ðə lænd, ˈleɪbəlɪŋ ˈɛni rɪˈzɪstəns rebel-inspired*. ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl hæv bɪn ˌdɪspəˈzɛst ənd dɪˈspleɪst. ˈmɛni naʊ lɪv ɪn wət kʊd bɪˈkəm ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˈrɛfjuʤi kæmps, wɛr ðeɪ ər preɪ tɪ boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə ˈprɑksi wɔr ənd ˈizi ˈkɑnvərts tɪ ˈrædɪkəˌlɪzəm. ɪn ɪz ðə ˈɛpəˌsɛntər əv ækˈtɪvɪti, wɛr ðə nu ˈdɛli ˈgəvərnmənt lɔnʧt ə "ˈklɛnzɪŋ" ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən læst fɔl. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhæpənz tɪ bi 50 maɪəlz frəm ðə taʊn əv jagdalpur*, ðə saɪt əv ə plænd ˈfæktəri baɪ ˈtɑtɑ stil ðət wɪl ˈproʊdus 5 ˈmɪljən tənz ə jɪr, ənd kloʊz tɪ aɪərn ɔr maɪnz ðət kʊd fid ðə plænt. fər ðə pæst faɪv jɪrz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt həz bɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ əkˈwaɪər ˈeɪkərz əˈkrɔs tɛn ˈvɪlɪʤɪz ðət wɪl əˈfɛkt ˈlænˌdoʊnərz bət həz mɛt wɪθ rɪˈzɪstəns ˈivɪn ɛz ɪt ɪz biɪŋ əˈkjuzd əv ˈbʊliɪŋ ənd ˈprɛʃər ˈtæktɪks. ˈtɑtɑ ˈwɑʃɪz ɪts hænz əv ðoʊz ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz. "lænd ˌækwəˈzɪʃən ɪz ðə ˈgəvərnmənts ʤɑb," sɪz ə ˈspoʊkspərsən. ˈeɪkərz əv raɪs, ənd ˈlɛntəlz strɛʧ tɪ ðə hərˈaɪzən. ˈstændɪŋ əˈməŋ roʊz əv ɔn hɪz 6 ˈeɪkərz, mandavi*, ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ hɛd, sɪz ˈtɑtɑ rɛps hæv bɪn ˈtɛlɪŋ ɪm ənd ˈəðər ˈfɑrmərz tɪ sɛl ðə lænd ənd hæv ˈɔfərd ðɛm ʤɑbz ɪn ðə nu stil ˈfæktəri. "wɪr nɑt ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz," hi sɪz. "wɪl gɪt ʤɑbz wɛr wɪl bi ˈsərvɪŋ ˈwɔtər tɪ ˈəðərz ər sˈwipɪŋ ðə flɔrz. raɪt naʊ wi lɪv laɪk ˈoʊnərz. waɪ ʃʊd wi bɪˈkəm ˈsərvənts?" ðɛr dɪˈfaɪəns ˈdəzənt goʊ daʊn wɛl, ˈivɪn ɪn ðə wərldz ˈlɑrʤəst dɪˈmɑkrəsi. ðə pəˈlis hæv bɪn ˈbreɪkɪŋ əp ˈgæðərɪŋz əv ɛz fju ɛz faɪv ˈpipəl. ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈwɪntərz əˈgoʊ tu bəsˈloʊdz əv ˈvɪlɪʤərz wər ɔn ðɛr weɪ tɪ mit ðə ˈgəvərnər əv tɪ kəmˈpleɪn əˈbaʊt biɪŋ ˈbʊlid ˈɪntu ˈsɛlɪŋ ðɛr lænd fər ðə ˈtɑtɑ plænt wɪn ðə pəˈlis stɑpt ðɛr ˈbəsɪz ənd hɔld ðɛm ɔf tɪ ʤeɪl. ˈmɔrə, 46 ə ˈfɑrmər ɪn ðə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈvɪlɪʤ hu rɪfˈjuzd tɪ sɛl aʊt, wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ə θərd taɪm ˈæftər rɪˈtərnɪŋ frəm ə ˈwikli ˈvɪlɪʤ ˈgæðərɪŋ wɛr ˈfɑrmərz dɪˈskəs ˈɪʃuz laɪk ˈwɔtər səˈplaɪ, krɑp ˌɪnˈfɛˈsteɪʃən ənd dɪˈspjuts wɪθ ðɛr ˈneɪbərz. ʧɑrʤ: dɪˈstərbɪŋ ðə pis. ðət ˈivnɪŋ əˈbaʊt 40 kɑps keɪm tɪ hɪz haʊs, broʊk ðə lɑk ənd drægd ɪm aʊt. "aɪv toʊld ðɛm aɪ woʊnt gɪv əp maɪ lænd," hi sɪz. "əm əˈnɛʤʊˌkeɪtɪd ənd kænt gɪt ə ʤɑb ɪn ən ˈɔfəs, soʊ wəns ðə ˈməni rənz aʊt wət wɪl aɪ du? aɪ ˈoʊnli hæv ðə səˈpɔrt əv maɪ ˈfɑrmɪŋ, aɪ doʊnt hæv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls." (ðə pəˈlis seɪ ðeɪ hæv noʊ ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn lænd ˌækwəˈzɪʃən ənd ʃoʊ əp ˈoʊnli tɪ hənt maʊɪsts.) rɛd taɪd ðə sprɛd əv ðə maʊɪst ˌɪnˈsərʤənsi. səm ˈvɪlɪʤərz hæv faʊnd ðɛr neɪmz ɔn lɪsts əv ˈpipəl hu hæv soʊld ðɛr ðoʊ ðeɪ seɪ ðeɪ ˈhævənt. ˈkeɪməl, 40 ɪz ə ˈtaʊrɪŋ, ˈməskjələr ˈfɪgjər wɪθ ə θɪk bɪrd. ə ˈrɛzɪdənt əv ˈvɪlɪʤ, hi oʊnz 8 ˈeɪkərz əˈlɔŋ wɪθ hɪz ˈbrəðər, ˈsɪstər ənd ˈməðər, ənd həz mɛt ðə seɪm feɪt ɛz ˈmɔrə. ɔn iʧ trɪp tɪ ˈprɪzən, hi sɪz, ˈpipəl hi θɔt wər ˈtɑtɑ rɛps, əˈkəmpənid baɪ ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz, æst ɪm tɪ pɑrt wɪθ hɪz lænd. (ɪn ɪts ˈblæŋkɪt dɪˈnaɪəl əv əˈbjuzɪz, ˈtɑtɑ dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɪnsədənts.) "ðeɪ sɛd, 'wɪl lɛt ju goʊ; teɪk ðə ˈməni,'" ˈriˌkɔlz. "aɪ sɛd, 'əm ə ˈprɪzənər, ənd aɪ ˈkænɑt tɔk tɪ ju.'" læst meɪ hi faʊnd aʊt hɪz neɪm ənd ðoʊz əv hɪz ˈsɪstər ənd ˈməðər hæd bɪn strək frəm ðə ˈrɛvəˌnu ˈrɛkərdz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæd səˈpoʊzədli soʊld ðɛr fɑrmz. faɪld kəmˈpleɪnts wɪθ ðə ˈmɪnɪstri əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˌbiˈfɔr hi ˈfaɪnəli rɪˈsivd ə ˈkɑpi əv ðə ˈrɛkərdz. hi ˈɔlsoʊ gɑt ˈkɑpiz əv ˈlɛtərz frəm əv hum hæd pərˈpɔrtɪˌdli soʊld ðɛr ðɛr ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈsɛlɪŋ. ðɛrz ˈnəθɪŋ ˈsətəl əˈbaʊt ðə θrɛts. ə ˈtiʧər, ræm, wɑz toʊld hid bi ˈtrænsfərd tɪ əˈnəðər ˈdɪstrɪkt ɪf hi ˈdɪdənt sɛl. ðæts wət ˈhæpənd tɪ ə ˈkɑlig. ɪn əˈnəðər ˈvɪlɪʤ, aito*, ə ˈfɑrmər əv 60 ər soʊ, hæd bɪn ɪn ˈprɪzən fər ə mənθ ɔn ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv dɪˈstərbɪŋ ðə pis. hɪz sənz wər toʊld ðət ənˈlɛs ðeɪ əˈgrid tɪ teɪk ðə ʧɛk frəm ˈtɑtɑ, ðɛr ˈfɑðər wʊd rɑt ɪn ʤeɪl. ðeɪ ˈfaɪnəli ækˈsɛptɪd ðɛr ˈfɑðər wɑz riˈlist ðə nɛkst deɪ, ðeɪ seɪ. ˈtɑtɑ sɪz ɪt wɑz ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ɪn baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əv ənd ðət ɪt ɪz ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ðə ˈɛriə, ə ˈfrikˌwɛnt kleɪm meɪd baɪ ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz. "ˌɔlˈðoʊ rɪʧ ɪn ˈmɪnərəl ˈrisɔrsɪz, ɪz əˈməŋ ðə moʊst ˈbækwərd ˈriʤənz əv ðə ˈkəntri," sɪz ə ˈtɑtɑ ˈspoʊkspərsən. "[ðə plænt] wɪl gɪv ə ˈfɪləp tɪ dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ðə ˈriʤən." ðə ˈkəmpəˌni, hi ædz, peɪd ˈdəbəl ðə əˈmaʊnt pər ˈeɪkər sɛt baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt; ɪt plænz tɪ ˈɔfər tɪ ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ril ɛˈsteɪt, pərˈhæps ˈeɪkər fər ˈeɪkər fər əp tɪ ˈeɪkərz əv lænd lɔst, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈtreɪnɪŋ ənd ʤɑbz tɪ wən ˈmɛmbər frəm iʧ əˈfɛktɪd ˈfæməli. mɔˈroʊvər, ˈtɑtɑ sɪz ðət 70 əv ðə ˈrɛzɪdənts hæv ækˈsɛptɪd ɪts ˈɔfərz ənd ðə rɛst ər ˈkəmɪŋ əraʊnd. (ˈvɪlɪʤərz dɪˈspjut ðə əˈsərʃən ðət ðə ˈpeɪmənts wər ˈʤɛnərəs ənd seɪ ðɛr ər stɪl ˈmɛni ˈhoʊlˌdaʊts.) "juθ əv ðə ˈɛriə ɪz ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˌɪnˌdəstriəlɪˈzeɪʃən, ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ si ðɛr fˈjuʧər," sɪz ðə ˈspoʊkspərsən. ˈrəfli 400 maɪəlz nɔrθ, ðə ˈθɪkli ˈfɔrəstəd ˈɛriə ɪn raigarh*, gɪvz weɪ tɪ blæk, ɛz sʊt ˈblæŋkəts ʃrəbz, ðə roʊd, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. stil paʊər ˈdɑməˌneɪts ðə ˈriʤən wɪθ ɪts stil plænt, koʊl maɪnz ənd ə plænt., ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈʧɛrmən ənd ˈmɛmbər əv ˈpɑrləmɛnt (ˈkɑŋgrəs ˈpɑrti), həz trænsˈfɔrmd ðə ˈkəmpəˌni frəm ə ˈmɑdərˌeɪt pərˈfɔrmər ˈɪntu ə stɑr. (hɪz ˈməðər, savitri*, ɪz ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌni, o.p*. grup, ənd ræŋks ˈnəmbər 44 ɔn ðə fɔrbz ˌbɪljəˈnɛrz lɪst wɪθ ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd nɛt wərθ əv ˈbɪljən.) ɪz əˈməŋ ðə stil prəˈdusərz, θæŋks tɪ səˈplaɪz əv aɪərn ɔr ənd ɪˈlɛktrɪk paʊər ənd juz əv spənʤ aɪərn, wɪʧ teɪks ʧip bɪˈtumənəs koʊl trænˈspɔrtəd baɪ ə ˈpaɪˌplaɪn ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə mɔr ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd ˈænθrəˌsaɪt. tɪ kip əp ðɪs ˈsaɪkəl əv groʊθ, nidz mɔr lænd. ðət pʊʃ həz kriˈeɪtɪd straɪf. ˈrɛzɪdənts seɪ ðeɪ ˈɑrənt əˈlaʊd tɪ vɔɪs ðɛr kənˈsərnz æt ˈpəblɪk ˈhirɪŋz tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ˈwɛðər kən bɪld ən əˈdɪʃənəl ˈbɪljən, paʊər plænt ɪn ðə seɪm ˈriʤən. æt wən səʧ ˈmitɪŋ ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2008 ˈsɛvən ˈpipəl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ pəˈtɛl, ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ hɛd, wər ˈbitən baɪ pəˈlis; səm wər ˈhɑspɪtəˌlaɪzd fər ə wik. "ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz ə 'noʊ əˈbʤɛkʃən' sərˈtɪfɪkət ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt, bət wi ˈnɛvər geɪv ɪt," sɪz pəˈtɛl. "moʊst əv ðiz ˈhirɪŋz ər biɪŋ fɔrʤd," ædz ˈrɑˌmɛʃ əˈgræwəl, hu rənz ən ˈɪntərˌnɛt kəˈfeɪ ðət fəndz hɪz ˈɛfərts tɪ pərˈsu kɔrt ˈkeɪsɪz əˈgɛnst ənd tɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrm ˈvɪlɪʤərz əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈligəl raɪts. "[wi] hæd noʊ roʊl ɪn kənˈdəktɪŋ ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈhirɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpt fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə brif ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt," sɪz. "aɪ bɪˈliv səm ˈpipəl ˈwɔntɪd tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈtrəbəl ənd ðə pəˈlis hæd tɪ ˌɪntərˈvin tɪ meɪnˈteɪn pis." ˈkrɪʃnə læl saʊ ˈdəzənt sim laɪk ə ˈtrəbəlˌmeɪkər. ɪn 2003 hi sɪz, paʊər dəmpt ˈtrəˌkloʊdz əv məd ɔn hɪz 2 ˈeɪkərz əv ˈærəbəl lænd ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz krɑp wɑz ˈhɑrvəstɪd. saʊ, ə pəˈlis ɪmˈplɔɪi hu fɑrmd ɔn ðə saɪd, sɪz ˈfɛloʊ kɑps ˈwʊdənt lɛt ɪm ˈrɛʤɪstər ə kəmˈpleɪnt ənd həræst ɪm tɪ ðə pɔɪnt ðət hi rɪˈzaɪnd ɪn leɪt 2005 ɪn mɑrʧ 2007 ə ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt geɪv ɪm ˈtaɪtəl tɪ hɪz lænd ənd dɪˈrɛktɪd ðə pəˈlis tɪ rɪˈstɔr hɪz ˈprɑpərti. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪˈθaʊt hɪz pərˈmɪʃən, pʊt əp ə ˈkulɪŋ taʊər ənd ˈwɛˌrhaʊs ɔn ðət seɪm ˈeɪkərɪʤ. saʊ həz ˈgɪvɪn əp ənd ˈstɑrtɪd ə ˈsteɪʃəˌnɛri stɔr. lɔst hɪz ˈeɪkərz, hi sɪz, ˈæftər pʊt ə ˈbaʊndəri wɔl əraʊnd ɪt ɪn 2004 hi traɪd tɪ faɪt ɪn kɔrt, tɪ noʊ əˈveɪl. bleɪmz boʊθ ðə 2007 ˈsuɪˌsaɪd əv hɪz ˈjəŋgər sən ənd hɪz waɪfs ˈrisənt ˈfeɪtəl hɑrt əˈtæk ɔn ˈstrɛsfəl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz kɔzd baɪ. ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt plɑt, hi sɪz, fɛl tɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər wɪn ɪt sɛt əp ə ˈmɪksɪŋ plænt ðɛr. naʊ hi ənd hɪz rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ sən ər fɔrst tɪ fɑrm ˈsəmˌwən ˈɛlsɪz lænd. stil sɪz ənd lænd wɑz əkˈwaɪərd ˈæftər ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈkɔrpərˈeɪʃən. ˈfɑloʊd du ˈprɔˌsɛs. ðə tu ˈfɑrmərz seɪ ðɛr lænd wɑz sizd tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ə "ˈgrinˌbɛlt." (təˈdeɪ ðə bɛlt kənˈsɪsts əv ə ˈkulɪŋ taʊər ənd ˈwɛˌrhaʊs.) ðɛr ˌrivˈju pəˈtɪʃənz wər rɪˈʤɛktɪd baɪ ðə haɪ kɔrt əv. ædz: "ðɛr ɪz səm ˌɪˈnɪʃəl rɪˈzɪstəns ɛz ˈvɪlɪʤərz ər ˈɑbviəsli əˈspaɪrɪŋ tɪ əbˈteɪn ˈmæksəməm ˈpraɪsɪz fər ðɛr lænd ənd ˈəðər ˈbɛnəfɪts." ˈmɛni ˈdrɪvən aʊt baɪ ðə, ˈəðərz baɪ pəˈlis ɔn ˈɔrdərz frəm steɪt əp ɪn ˈrɛfjuʤi kæmps., ɪn ðə hɑrt əv ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt, ɪz wən əv 23 kæmps, kənˈteɪnɪŋ ər mɔr ˈpipəl, rən baɪ ə səˈvɪljən mɪˈlɪʃə noʊn ɛz (ˈlɪtərəli, "ˌpjʊrəfəˈkeɪʃən hənt"). roʊ ˈæftər roʊ əv məd həts wɪθ θæʧt rufs laɪn ðə kæmp, ˈpəŋkʧuˌeɪtɪd baɪ ɔˈkeɪʒənəl paɪlz əv ˈgɑrbɪʤ ənd hænd pəmps, wɛr ˈwɪmən fɪl ˈbəkəts ənd ˈʧɪldrən (hu ʃʊd bi ɪn ðə kæmps ˌɛləˈmɛnʧri skul) beɪð. ðɛr ɪz noʊ wərk fər ðə ˈfɑrmərz. ə fju meɪ ʧæns ə deɪ trɪp tɪ ʧɛk ɔn ðə lænd ðeɪ wər fɔrst frəm, ˈivɪn snik soʊɪŋ ə krɑp. moʊst ʤɪst hæŋ aʊt; ðə ɛr ɪz fɪld wɪθ ðə ˈækrɪd smoʊk əv bidis*, ðə ˈʧipəst ˌsɪgəˈrɛts. əraɪvd æt ˈrəfli faɪv jɪrz əˈgoʊ. hi sɪz ðət maʊɪsts hɛld ə ˈmitɪŋ ɪn hɪz ˈvɪlɪʤ ənd əˈkjuzd hɪz sən, ðɛn 20 jɪrz oʊld ənd ˈnuli ˈmɛrid, əv biɪŋ ə pəˈlis ˌɪnˈfɔrmənt. ðeɪ kɪld ɪm ɪn frənt əv ˈɛvriˌwən. əˈnəðər ˈrɛzɪdənt, joge*, 21 ərnz 46 ə mənθ ɛz ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər fər ðə ənd səˈpoʊzədli prəˈtɛkts ðə ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz. hiz ˈmɛrid ənd həz ə ʧaɪld. "aɪ wɪl reɪz maɪ ˈdɔtər hir ɪn ðə kæmp," hi sɪz. "aɪ du mɪs maɪ ˈvɪlɪʤ, bət naʊ ðət aɪv pɪkt əp ɑrmz aɪ kænt goʊ bæk." ˈmɛmbərz ˈɑrənt ˈmɪrli ðə prəˈtɛktərz əv ðə ˈvɪlɪʤərz, ɛz ðeɪ kleɪm. "ðɛr ɪz ə kəmˈplit kəˈlæps əv ðə rul əv ðə rut kɔz əv ˈvaɪələns ɪn ðə ˈɛriə biɪŋ ðə ənd ˈkaʊnərəˌtæks," sɪz ˈsundɑr, ə ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi prəˈfɛsər æt ðə ˈdɛli skul əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks. səm 15 maɪəlz frəm ðə kæmp, dip ɪn ðə ˈfɔrəsts ənd ˌɪnəkˈsɛsəbəl ˈivɪn baɪ məd roʊd, ɪz ˈvɪlɪʤ, ˌɪnˈhæbətəd baɪ ən ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs traɪb. ɪn 2006 ðə ˈreɪdɪd ðə oʊld pɑrt əv ənd bərnd daʊn hoʊmz ˌbiˈfɔr əˈtækɪŋ nu. ðoʊz hu ˈdɪdənt ɪˈskeɪp, laɪk ˈfɑðər, wər kɪld. "ðeɪ slɪt hɪz θroʊt wɪθ ə naɪf ənd lɛft [hɪz nɛk] ˈhæŋɪŋ baɪ ə pis," hi sɪz. "əm tu skɛrd tɪ goʊ tɪ ðə pəˈlis. ðeɪd ˈfɪnɪʃ ˈjuˈɛs ɔf ɪf wi kəmˈpleɪnd." nɑt soʊ, sɪz ˈmɪʃrə, ˌsupərɪnˈtɛndənt əv pəˈlis fər. "ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈɪnsədənts wɛr hæv dən ðɪs ənd bleɪmd ɪt ɔn ənd ðə pəˈlis." ˈæftər ðə ˈhaʊsɪz wər tɔrʧt, maʊɪsts keɪm ənd geɪv ðə ˈvɪlɪʤərz kloʊðz. ðə rɪˈtərnd twaɪs mɔr, sɛt faɪər tɪ ðə hoʊmz ənd əbˈdəktɪd tu bɔɪz ənd ə gərl hu hæv ˈnɛvər bɪn sin sɪns. ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ wɑz ˈleɪtli riˈbɪlt baɪ kuˈmɑr, hu həz rən ən ənd ə nɑnˈprɑfət tɪ tiʧ ˈlɪtərəsi ənd ˈbeɪsɪk ˈhaɪˌʤin ɪn ðə hɑrt əv ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri fər ðə pæst 18 jɪrz. ən ˈɑrdənt səˈpɔrtər əv ðə, hi həz rɪˈkɔrdɪd əˈtrɑsətiz baɪ ðə pəˈlis, ðə ənd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt. hi həz ˈɔlsoʊ səˈpɔrtɪd pərˈhæps 600 ˈligəl kəmˈpleɪnts əˈgɛnst ðɛm, ˈmɛni stɪl ˈgraɪndɪŋ θru ðə kɔrt ˈsɪstəm. ðə kɑps ər naʊ traɪɪŋ tɪ tæg ɪm ɛz ə maʊɪst. kuˈmɑr sɪz ðɛrz ən ˈizi weɪ aʊt əv ðɪs mɛs: "ɪf ju wɔnt pis, gɪv ðə skulz, ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz, ˈræʃən wɪl ˈnɛvər ˌɪnərˈfɪr wɪθ ˈɛni əv ðɪs." nɑt soʊ ˈizi, sɪz ˈdɪlɪp, əˈdɪʃənəl ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri tɪ ðə hoʊm ˈmɪnɪstri. ðə maʊɪsts, hi sɪz, "hæv rɪfˈjuzd tɪ rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ðə ˈsɪmpəl kɔl tɪ gɪv əp kənˈdɪʃən ðə ˈgəvərnmənt həz sɛt fər tɔks. nɛkst dɔr, ɪn ðə steɪt əv, ˈvɪlɪʤərz hæv bɪn ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɔf ə ˈfaɪvˌjɪr pʊʃ baɪ saʊθ ˌkɔˈriəz aɪərn stil koʊ. ˈpɔskoʊ ˈnəmbər 137 ɪn ðə ˈgloʊbəl 2000 tɪ əkˈwaɪər ˈeɪkərz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ bɪld wət wʊd bɪˈkəm ðə wərldz stil plænt, prəˈdusɪŋ 12 ˈmɪljən tənz ə jɪr. ðə rɪˈzɪstəns ɪz ˈhɛdɪd baɪ sahoo*, ə ˈlidər əv ðə ˈlɛftɪst ˈkɑŋgrəs ˈpɑrti əv ðə ˈpɑrti əv ðə maʊɪsts, ɪt ɪz ˈligəl ənd ˈlɑrʤli səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ˈfɑrmərz ənd səm ˈleɪbər ˈjunjənz. ˈfɑrmərz frəm fɔr ˈvɪlɪʤɪz hæv ˈbɛrəˌkeɪdɪd ənd pəˈtroʊl ɔl ˈækˌsɛs roʊdz tɪ kip aʊt pəˈlis, ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈkəmpəˌni əˈfɪʃəlz. ðə ˈɛriə ɪz rɪʧ ɪn kæʃ krɑps, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈkæˌʃu nəts ənd ˈbɛtəl nət livz ðət sɛl fər 2 sɛnts əˈpis. "[ˈɛvriˌwən] frəm ə bɔɪ tɪ ən mæn kən ərn æt list 109 pər mənθ ʤɪst frəm ˈhɑrvəstɪŋ ðiz livz," sɪz sahoo*. "ɪf ˈpɔskoʊ ɪz əˈlaʊd ɪn, ðɪs ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd ˈlaɪvliˌhʊd wɪl bi dɪˈstrɔɪd ɛz noʊ ˈkəmpəˌni kən ɪmˈplɔɪ soʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ər peɪ ɛz wɛl." ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈkəpəl əv jɪrz, ɪn tu ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz, ˈsɪmpəˌθaɪzərz hæv θroʊn ˈhoʊˈmeɪd bɑmz æt ˈvɪlɪʤərz, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn wən dɛθ ənd ˈməltəpəl ˈɪnʤəriz. ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2010 fɔr ˈpɔskoʊ ɪmˈplɔɪiz ˈɛnərd ðə ˈvɪlɪʤɪz tɪ ˈkɛri aʊt ə lænd ˈsərˌveɪ ənd wər ˈkæpʧərd baɪ mɛn. ðeɪ wər hɛld ðə ɪnˈtaɪər deɪ ənd riˈlist ˈoʊnli ˈæftər ðeɪ saɪnd ə ˈlɛtər ˈprɑməsɪŋ nɑt tɪ rɪˈtərn. "wi toʊld ðɛm ðɪs ɪz ə bæk æt jʊr oʊn rɪsk," sɪz sahoo*, hu həz 37 pəˈlis ˈkeɪsɪz əˈgɛnst ɪm fər hɪz rɪˈzɪstəns ənd həz sərvd 10 mənθs ɪn ˈprɪzən ɔn ˈʧɑrʤɪz ðət ˌɪnˈklud əˈtɛmptəd ˈmərdər ənd ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋ. ðɛr ər 150 ər soʊ ˈkeɪsɪz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈvɪlɪʤərz ənd ˈwɔrənts fər 642 ˈəðərz ˈhaɪdɪŋ ðɛr. "ɪf ðə steɪt wɪl kriˈeɪt ˈvaɪələns, riˌtæliˈeɪʃən ɪz ə məst," sɪz sahoo*. ðə lænd bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, sɪz ə ˈpɔskoʊ ˈspoʊkspərsən. ˈvɪlɪʤərz, hi ædz, hæv ɪnˈkroʊʧt ɔn ɪt fər æt list ə ˈkəpəl əv ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz. "ˈɪndiə ɪz ɪn greɪv ˈdeɪnʤər əv ˈluzɪŋ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt reɪs əˈgɛnst ˈʧaɪnə," hi sɪz. "ˈɪndiə prəˈdusɪz ə twɛlfθ əv ˈʧaɪnəz stil ənd wɔnts tɪ ˈdəbəl ðɪs ɪn ðə nɛkst tu jɪrz bət kænt du ðət wɪˈθaʊt səʧ megaprojects*." ɔn ðə ˈwɛstərn saɪd əv ðɛr ɪz əˈgɛnst ˈrisɔrsɪz. rən baɪ ˈmaɪnɪŋ taɪˈkun ˈɑgɑrwɑl (ˈnəmbər 113 əˈməŋ ðə fɔrbz ˌbɪljəˈnɛrz, wɪθ ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈfɔrʧən əv ˈbɪljən), ɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ maɪn ˈbɔksaɪt frəm ðə hɪlz tɪ ˈproʊdus əˈlumənəm. fər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz ðə kondh*, ən ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs traɪb əv həz bɪn həz bɪn ˈlɪvɪŋ ɔf ðə ˈbaʊnti əv ðə θɪk tɪ ˈtaɪgərz, ˈbɑrkɪŋ dɪr, ˈɛləfənts ənd ˈbaɪsən, ɛz wɛl ɛz tɪ ˈhɑrdˌwʊdz laɪk ðə flaʊərɪŋ sæl triz. ðə ˈriʤən ˈɔlsoʊ hoʊldz ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd 2 ˈbɪljən tənz əv ˈbɔksaɪt əˈlɔŋ ə bɛlt. kuˈmɑr, əˈlumənəmz ʧif ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈɔfɪsər, sɪz ðə ˈmaɪnɪŋ ənd lænd lis ɪz wɪθ ðə ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈkɔrpərˈeɪʃən., wɪʧ plænz tɪ əkˈwaɪər ʤɪst ˈeɪkərz əv ənd ˌɪnˈtɛndz tɪ maɪn ˈoʊnli hæf əv ðət. bɪˈkəz əv ˈtraɪbəl ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən, ðoʊ, həz bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ bɪld ˈoʊnli ən əˈlumənəm rɪˈfaɪnəri ˈnɪrˈbaɪ. ˈprɑfɪts ər ˈmɪnəməl bɪˈkəz ɪt məst ˌɪmˈpɔrt ˈbɔksaɪt frəm ˈəðər ˈriʤənz. ðə rɪˈfaɪnəriz ɪˈmɪʃənz, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə pɑnd, meɪ wɛl bi ˈmeɪkɪŋ laɪf ˈhæzərdəs fər ˈrɛzɪdənts. læst jɪr ˈvɪlɪʤərz seɪ naɪn ˈpipəl daɪd əv ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃənz frəm təˌbərkjəˈloʊsɪs ənd brɑŋˈkaɪtəs; ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ədˈmɪts tɪ ˈoʊnli wən. kuˈmɑr sɪz ðə steɪt ɪz əˈwɛr əv ðə hɛlθ ˈprɑbləmz ənd ɪz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ. ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri ˈæmnəsti ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɪʃud ə ˈdæmɪŋ rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ðə rɪˈfaɪnəri ənd ðə prəˈpoʊzd ɪˈnəf ðət ðə ʧərʧ əv ˈɪŋglənd ənd ðə ˈʤoʊzəf ˈroʊnˌtri ˈʧɛrətəbəl trəst soʊld ðɛr ˈmɪljən ənd ˈmɪljən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts, rɪˈspɛktɪvli, ɪn. "ˈloʊkəl ɛŋˈgoʊz ər ənd ˈɪnstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ˈpipəl," kuˈmɑr fjumz. "ðɪs ɪz nɑt ən ˌæʤəˈteɪʃən əˈgɛnst ə ˈprɑʤɛkt bət ə ˈmuvmənt əˈgɛnst ˈɪndəstri ɪn." ðət meɪ bi. ðə stɪl kəm tɪ sɛl ðɛr wɛrz æt ə ˈwikli ˈmɑrkɪt ɪn ðə hɑrt əv ðə ˈfɔrɪst, ˈbɛrɪŋ ˈlɛntəlz, raɪs, draɪd fɪʃ, təˈbæˌkoʊ, pəˈteɪtoʊz, ˈʤɪnʤər, ənd bəˈnænəz. "ˈəðər ðən sɔlt aɪ gɪt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm ðiz hɪlz," sɪz ranga*, ə ˈtraɪbəl ˈmɛmbər, θru ə trænzˈleɪtər. hi ərnz hɪz ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ ðə æks ðət ˈkæʒəwəli rɛsts ɔn wən ˈʃoʊldər. bət hiz əˈpɛrəntli priˈpɛrd tɪ juz ɪt ɪn dɪˈfɛns əv hɪz weɪ əv laɪf. "wi wɪl kɪl wɪθ ðɪs," hi sɪz, ˈgrɪpɪŋ ðə ˈhændəl. "wi wɪl nɑt lɛt ðə ˈkəmpəˌni kəm ɪn hir." si ˈɔlsoʊ: maɪ ˈfæməliz ˈnɛroʊ ɪˈskeɪp frəm ˈɪndiəz ˈdərti wɔr ˈspɛʃəl ˈɔfər: fri traɪəl ˈɪʃu əv fɔrbz |
thanks for sharing! email
creamy vanilla ice cream + rich & decadent hot fudge sauce + chopped almonds = pure bliss. seriously. you just go wrong with vanilla and chocolate.
i’m very much an emotional eater; always been one, although curved it a lot over the last several years (or attempted to). some days though, despite what is going on in life, i just want to eat a big bowl of ice cream. you know? it just makes everything better.
i quit buying dairy free ice cream a while ago. not because it taste good (well, for the most part anyways), but because of what was in it (soy, gums, sugar, agave, “natural flavors”)… and the cost. a family of four can completely decimate of those little pint-sized containers in one night with no problems.
i figure if i can make something healthier here at home, nearly entirely sweetened using dates and, that the whole family loves, then why not?
and in my opinion, the more ice cream in my freezer, the better.
course, as with most dairy free, egg free ice cream recipes, this vegan & paleo fudge tracks ice cream will be creamiest when at a soft serve consistency. how i prefer to eat it. if your ice cream has been sitting in the freezer for a while and is hard, simply let it warm up for a while on the counter, maybe minutes; or if super impatient like me, you can zap it in the microwave for seconds.
and adding nuts is entirely optional.
all my love.
xoxo,
megan
vegan & paleo fudge tracks ice cream save print serves: about 1 quarts ingredients cup chopped dates, packed
2 cans full fat coconut milk (about 3 cups), divided
1/2 cup almond milk or coconut milk beverage
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
10 drops liquid vanilla
small pinch of sea salt
1/2-2/3 cup rich & decadent dairy free hot fudge sauce, chilled
chopped almonds for topping, optional instructions place the chopped dates in a small mixing bowl and cover with 1 cups of hot water. set aside for at least 10 minutes. drain the dates and discard the water. place the dates in a high speed blender with 1 can of full fat coconut milk (about 1 cups). puree on high until smooth. add the remaining can of full fat coconut milk, almond milk, vanilla extract, liquid vanilla, and sea salt. blend until smooth. pour into a mason jar with a lid and refrigerate for 6 to 8 hours or until very cold. give the chilled custard a quick stir (it may separate in the refrigerator as it chills, this is completely normal) and then pour into an ice cream maker (i recommend this one) and churn according to manufacturer's instructions. place half of the ice cream into a freezer safe 1-2 quart glass storage container (i use the biggest container in this set) and then gently spread cups of the fudge sauce over the top of the ice cream. repeat the layers with the remaining ice cream and fudge sauce. serve immediately for soft serve, or freeze for at least hours for a firmer texture. top with chopped almonds if desired. recipe notes from megan the brand of canned coconut milk you use can make a huge difference in the quality and taste of your ice cream. my absolute favorite brand of coconut milk is the brand , which is gum and preservative free. i recommend using the natural value brand, as often times gritty and will not produce ice cream with a smooth texture.
this recipe is linked to, marvelous mondays, fat tuesday, allergy free wednesday, gluten free wednesdays, waste not want not wednesdays, frugal day sustainable ways, thank your body thursday, simple lives thursday, platter, fight back friday and gluten free fridays.
this post may contain affiliate links which i may receive a small commission from (without any additional costs to you). the money earned from these commissions helps me maintain this website. thank you for your support in this way! | θæŋks fər ˈʃɛrɪŋ! iˈmeɪl ˈkrimi vəˈnɪlə aɪs krim rɪʧ ˈdɛkədənt hɑt fəʤ sɔs ʧɑpt ˈɑlməndz pjʊr blɪs. ˈsɪriəsli. ju ʤɪst goʊ rɔŋ wɪθ vəˈnɪlə ənd ˈʧɔklət. ˈvɛri məʧ ən ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈitər; ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn wən, ˌɔlˈðoʊ kərvd ɪt ə lɔt ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz (ər əˈtɛmptəd tɪ). səm deɪz ðoʊ, dɪˈspaɪt wət ɪz goʊɪŋ ɔn ɪn laɪf, aɪ ʤɪst wɔnt tɪ it ə bɪg boʊl əv aɪs krim. ju noʊ? ɪt ʤɪst meɪks ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈbɛtər. aɪ kwɪt baɪɪŋ ˈdɛri fri aɪs krim ə waɪl əˈgoʊ. nɑt bɪˈkəz ɪt teɪst gʊd (wɛl, fər ðə moʊst pɑrt ˈɛniˌweɪz), bət bɪˈkəz əv wət wɑz ɪn ɪt (sɔɪ, gəmz, ˈʃʊgər, agave*, flavors”)…*”)… ənd ðə kɔst. ə ˈfæməli əv fɔr kən kəmˈplitli ˈdɛsəˌmeɪt əv ðoʊz ˈlɪtəl ˈpaɪntˈsaɪzd kənˈteɪnərz ɪn wən naɪt wɪθ noʊ ˈprɑbləmz. aɪ ˈfɪgjər ɪf aɪ kən meɪk ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈhɛlθiər hir æt hoʊm, ˈnɪrli ɪnˈtaɪərli sˈwitənd ˈjuzɪŋ deɪts ənd, ðət ðə hoʊl ˈfæməli ləvz, ðɛn waɪ nɑt? ənd ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən, ðə mɔr aɪs krim ɪn maɪ ˈfrizər, ðə ˈbɛtər. kɔrs, ɛz wɪθ moʊst ˈdɛri fri, ɛg fri aɪs krim ˈrɛsəpiz, ðɪs ˈvɛgən ˈpeɪlioʊ fəʤ træks aɪs krim wɪl bi ˈkrimiɪst wɪn æt ə sɔft sərv kənˈsɪstənsi. haʊ aɪ prɪˈfər tɪ it ɪt. ɪf jʊr aɪs krim həz bɪn ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈfrizər fər ə waɪl ənd ɪz hɑrd, ˈsɪmpli lɛt ɪt wɔrm əp fər ə waɪl ɔn ðə ˈkaʊntər, ˈmeɪbi ˈmɪnəts; ər ɪf ˈsupər ˌɪmˈpeɪʃənt laɪk mi, ju kən zæp ɪt ɪn ðə ˈmaɪkrəˌweɪv fər ˈsɛkəndz. ənd ˈædɪŋ nəts ɪz ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈɔpʃənəl. ɔl maɪ ləv. xoxo*, ˈmeɪgən ˈvɛgən ˈpeɪlioʊ fəʤ træks aɪs krim seɪv prɪnt sərvz: əˈbaʊt 1 kwɔrts ˌɪnˈgridiənts kəp ʧɑpt deɪts, pækt 2 kænz fʊl fæt ˈkoʊkəˌnət mɪlk (əˈbaʊt 3 kəps), dɪˈvaɪdɪd kəp ˈɑmənd mɪlk ər ˈkoʊkəˌnət mɪlk ˈbɛvərɪʤ 1 ˈtiˌspun vəˈnɪlə ˈɛkˌstrækt 10 drɑps ˈlɪkwɪd vəˈnɪlə smɔl pɪnʧ əv si sɔlt kəp rɪʧ ˈdɛkədənt ˈdɛri fri hɑt fəʤ sɔs, ʧɪld ʧɑpt ˈɑlməndz fər ˈtɑpɪŋ, ˈɔpʃənəl ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz pleɪs ðə ʧɑpt deɪts ɪn ə smɔl ˈmɪksɪŋ boʊl ənd ˈkəvər wɪθ 1 kəps əv hɑt ˈwɔtər. sɛt əˈsaɪd fər æt list 10 ˈmɪnəts. dreɪn ðə deɪts ənd dɪˈskɑrd ðə ˈwɔtər. pleɪs ðə deɪts ɪn ə haɪ spid ˈblɛndər wɪθ 1 kən əv fʊl fæt ˈkoʊkəˌnət mɪlk (əˈbaʊt 1 kəps). pjʊˈreɪ ɔn haɪ ənˈtɪl smuð. æd ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ kən əv fʊl fæt ˈkoʊkəˌnət mɪlk, ˈɑmənd mɪlk, vəˈnɪlə ˈɛkˌstrækt, ˈlɪkwɪd vəˈnɪlə, ənd si sɔlt. blɛnd ənˈtɪl smuð. pɔr ˈɪntu ə ˈmeɪsən ʤɑr wɪθ ə lɪd ənd rɪˈfrɪʤərˌeɪt fər 6 tɪ 8 aʊərz ər ənˈtɪl ˈvɛri koʊld. gɪv ðə ʧɪld ˈkəstərd ə kwɪk stər (ɪt meɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ɪn ðə rɪˈfrɪʤərˌeɪtər ɛz ɪt ʧɪlz, ðɪs ɪz kəmˈplitli ˈnɔrməl) ənd ðɛn pɔr ˈɪntu ən aɪs krim ˈmeɪkər (aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs wən) ənd ʧərn əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz. pleɪs hæf əv ðə aɪs krim ˈɪntu ə ˈfrizər seɪf 1 kwɔrt glæs ˈstɔrɪʤ kənˈteɪnər (aɪ juz ðə ˈbɪgəst kənˈteɪnər ɪn ðɪs sɛt) ənd ðɛn ˈʤɛntli sprɛd kəps əv ðə fəʤ sɔs ˈoʊvər ðə tɔp əv ðə aɪs krim. rɪˈpit ðə leɪərz wɪθ ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ aɪs krim ənd fəʤ sɔs. sərv ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli fər sɔft sərv, ər friz fər æt list aʊərz fər ə ˈfərmər ˈtɛksʧər. tɔp wɪθ ʧɑpt ˈɑlməndz ɪf dɪˈzaɪərd. ˈrɛsəpi noʊts frəm ˈmeɪgən ðə brænd əv kænd ˈkoʊkəˌnət mɪlk ju juz kən meɪk ə juʤ ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ðə kˈwɑləti ənd teɪst əv jʊr aɪs krim. maɪ ˈæbsəˌlut ˈfeɪvərɪt brænd əv ˈkoʊkəˌnət mɪlk ɪz ðə brænd wɪʧ ɪz gəm ənd priˈzərvətɪv fri. aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈvælju brænd, ɛz ˈɔfən taɪmz ˈgrɪti ənd wɪl nɑt ˈproʊdus aɪs krim wɪθ ə smuð ˈtɛksʧər. ðɪs ˈrɛsəpi ɪz lɪŋkt tɪ, ˈmɑrvələs ˈmənˌdeɪz, fæt ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈælərʤi fri ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˈglutən fri ˈwɛnzˌdeɪz, weɪst nɑt wɔnt nɑt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪz, ˈfrugəl deɪ səˈsteɪnəbəl weɪz, θæŋk jʊr ˈbɑdi ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ˈsɪmpəl lɪvz ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ˈplætər, faɪt bæk ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ənd ˈglutən fri ˈfraɪˌdeɪz. ðɪs poʊst meɪ kənˈteɪn əˈfɪliˌeɪt lɪŋks wɪʧ aɪ meɪ rɪˈsiv ə smɔl kəˈmɪʃən frəm (wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni əˈdɪʃənəl kɔsts tɪ ju). ðə ˈməni ərnd frəm ðiz kəˈmɪʃənz hɛlps mi meɪnˈteɪn ðɪs ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. θæŋk ju fər jʊr səˈpɔrt ɪn ðɪs weɪ! |
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here’s a really fun drone ballet performed in front of mount fuji in japan. the drones look a lot like and move a lot like the aliens you shoot down in the classic video game space invaders. the whole dancing drone thing is really cool (especially when set against the mountain) but what would be even cooler is if there were laser beams that could shoot them down in real life.
sky magic writes:
this was done so by utilizing more than 20 units of these flying machines, flight swarming formations, music, and led lights to combine into a single audio visual extravaganza. furthermore, we are able to control the flying machines, visual and audio aspects concurrently, using the.
advertisement | jʊr ˈbraʊzər dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ˈvɪdioʊ hir tɪ vju ərˈɪʤənəl ə ˈrɪli fən droʊn bæˈleɪ pərˈfɔrmd ɪn frənt əv maʊnt ˈfuʤi ɪn ʤəˈpæn. ðə droʊnz lʊk ə lɔt laɪk ənd muv ə lɔt laɪk ðə ˈeɪliənz ju ʃut daʊn ɪn ðə ˈklæsɪk ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm speɪs ˌɪnˈveɪdərz. ðə hoʊl ˈdænsɪŋ droʊn θɪŋ ɪz ˈrɪli kul (əˈspɛʃəli wɪn sɛt əˈgɛnst ðə ˈmaʊntən) bət wət wʊd bi ˈivɪn ˈkulər ɪz ɪf ðɛr wər ˈleɪzər bimz ðət kʊd ʃut ðɛm daʊn ɪn ril laɪf. skaɪ ˈmæʤɪk raɪts: ðɪs wɑz dən soʊ baɪ ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪŋ mɔr ðən 20 ˈjunɪts əv ðiz flaɪɪŋ məˈʃinz, flaɪt sˈwɔrmɪŋ fɔrˈmeɪʃənz, mˈjuzɪk, ənd lɛd laɪts tɪ ˈkɑmbaɪn ˈɪntu ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈvɪʒəwəl ɛkˌstrævəˈgænzə. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, wi ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ kənˈtroʊl ðə flaɪɪŋ məˈʃinz, ˈvɪʒəwəl ənd ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈæˌspɛkts kənˈkərəntli, ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt |
embed >more news videos police arrested 75 people and at least 50 were treated for alcohol and drugs at a jones beach snoop concert tuesday.
state police say 75 people were arrested for underage drinking, driving while intoxicated and illegal drug use and at least 50 had to be treated for alcohol poisoning during a concert at the nikon at jones beach amphitheater tuesday said the fans were for "the high road" tour with snoop and wiz khalifa, and many of those who required treatment for drugs or alcohol were inside the least 50 people were aided by ems, and ambulances transported 10 to area hospitals. many were picked up by parents, but several still recovering at area facilities on was in listed serious condition after falling on his head while he was intoxicated, and a total of three patients remain in the as nassau university medical police were also on the scene, confiscating alcohol and dumping it spokesperson issued the following enforcement has a zero tolerance policy for underage drinking in new york state and our state parks. through a joint partnership with the department of motor vehicles and the nassau county taxi and limousine commission, 75 arrests were made at the august 9 concert at the nikon theater at jones beach. people who jeopardize public safety with underage drinking, driving while intoxicated and illegal drug use or possession will not be state parks tells eyewitness news that only 16 officers were assigned to the concert, and the head of the union said they were is unfathomable that 16 police officers are tasked with controlling a crowd of or more," sergeant manny said in a statement. "naturally, no one should be surprised at the occurrence, and we are fortunate that no one friday night, 42 people were hurt when a railing collapsed at a tour stop in camden. | ɪmˈbɛd >mɔr nuz ˈvɪdioʊz pəˈlis ərˈɛstɪd 75 ˈpipəl ənd æt list 50 wər ˈtritɪd fər ˈælkəˌhɑl ənd drəgz æt ə ʤoʊnz biʧ snup ˈkɑnsərt ˈtuzˌdeɪ. steɪt pəˈlis seɪ 75 ˈpipəl wər ərˈɛstɪd fər ˈəndərɪʤ ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ, ˈdraɪvɪŋ waɪl ˌɪnˈtɑksɪˌkeɪtɪd ənd ˌɪˈligəl drəg juz ənd æt list 50 hæd tɪ bi ˈtritɪd fər ˈælkəˌhɑl ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈkɑnsərt æt ðə ˈnaɪˌkɑn æt ʤoʊnz biʧ ˈæmfəθiˈeɪtər ˈtuzˌdeɪ sɛd ðə fænz wər fər "ðə haɪ roʊd" tʊr wɪθ snup ənd wɪz kəˈlifə, ənd ˈmɛni əv ðoʊz hu rikˈwaɪərd ˈtritmənt fər drəgz ər ˈælkəˌhɑl wər ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə list 50 ˈpipəl wər ˈeɪdɪd baɪ ems*, ənd ˈæmbjələnsɪz trænˈspɔrtəd 10 tɪ ˈɛriə ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz. ˈmɛni wər pɪkt əp baɪ ˈpɛrənts, bət ˈsɛvərəl stɪl rɪˈkəvərɪŋ æt ˈɛriə fəˈsɪlɪtiz ɔn wɑz ɪn ˈlɪstɪd ˈsɪriəs kənˈdɪʃən ˈæftər ˈfɑlɪŋ ɔn hɪz hɛd waɪl hi wɑz ˌɪnˈtɑksɪˌkeɪtɪd, ənd ə ˈtoʊtəl əv θri ˈpeɪʃənz rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ðə ɛz ˈnæsɔ ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈmɛdɪkəl pəˈlis wər ˈɔlsoʊ ɔn ðə sin, ˈkɑnfəˌskeɪtɪŋ ˈælkəˌhɑl ənd ˈdəmpɪŋ ɪt ˈspoʊkspərsən ˈɪʃud ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt həz ə ˈziroʊ ˈtɑlərəns ˈpɑləsi fər ˈəndərɪʤ ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ɪn nu jɔrk steɪt ənd ɑr steɪt pɑrks. θru ə ʤɔɪnt ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈmoʊtər ˈviɪkəlz ənd ðə ˈnæsɔ ˈkaʊnti ˈtæksi ənd ˈlɪməˌzin kəˈmɪʃən, 75 ərˈɛsts wər meɪd æt ðə ˈɔgəst 9 ˈkɑnsərt æt ðə ˈnaɪˌkɑn ˈθieɪtər æt ʤoʊnz biʧ. ˈpipəl hu ˈʤɛpərˌdaɪz ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti wɪθ ˈəndərɪʤ ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ, ˈdraɪvɪŋ waɪl ˌɪnˈtɑksɪˌkeɪtɪd ənd ˌɪˈligəl drəg juz ər pəˈzɛʃən wɪl nɑt bi steɪt pɑrks tɛlz ˈaɪˈwɪtnəs nuz ðət ˈoʊnli 16 ˈɔfɪsərz wər əˈsaɪnd tɪ ðə ˈkɑnsərt, ənd ðə hɛd əv ðə ˈjunjən sɛd ðeɪ wər ɪz ənˈfæðəməbəl ðət 16 pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz ər tæskt wɪθ kənˈtroʊlɪŋ ə kraʊd əv ər mɔr," ˈsɑrʤənt ˈmæni sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. "ˈnæʧərəli, noʊ wən ʃʊd bi səˈpraɪzd æt ðə əˈkərəns, ənd wi ər ˈfɔrʧənət ðət noʊ wən ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt, 42 ˈpipəl wər hərt wɪn ə ˈreɪlɪŋ kəˈlæpst æt ə tʊr stɑp ɪn ˈkæmdən. |
florida got off on the wrong foot in its game against arkansas thursday.
the were penalized before the game even started because they were wearing illegal jerseys, according to cbs sports. the penalty for illegal jerseys? the team loses a one timeout at the start of each quarter.
penalty called on for illegal jerseys. numbers don't contrast enough. lost to for every they wear them. david leavitt (@dvdleavitt) september 1, 2017
according to rule 1-4.5-b, the numbers on the jersey must contrast the base color of the jersey. so although's scheme looks good, it's not allowed and cost the team four of its six in this road game.
it's easy to blame for this mistake, because somebody on the team should have been aware of the rule to make sure something as ridiculous as this didn't happen. in the team's defense however, they wore these same jerseys every road game last season without any repercussions, according to the tallahassee democrat.
here are in the illegal jerseys in the team's 2016 season opener against miami.
photo by aaron via getty images
it looks like the will have to have a new road uniform for their game against savannah state on sept. 23. | ˈflɔrɪdə gɑt ɔf ɔn ðə rɔŋ fʊt ɪn ɪts geɪm əˈgɛnst ˈɑrkənˌsɑ ˈθərzˌdeɪ. ðə wər ˈpinəˌlaɪzd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə geɪm ˈivɪn ˈstɑrtɪd bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wər ˈwɛrɪŋ ˌɪˈligəl ˈʤərziz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsiˌbiˌɛs spɔrts. ðə ˈpɛnəlti fər ˌɪˈligəl ˈʤərziz? ðə tim ˈluzɪz ə wən ˈtaɪˌmaʊt æt ðə stɑrt əv iʧ kˈwɔrtər. ˈpɛnəlti kɔld ɔn fər ˌɪˈligəl ˈʤərziz. ˈnəmbərz doʊnt ˈkɑntræst ɪˈnəf. lɔst tɪ fər ˈɛvəri ðeɪ wɛr ðɛm. ˈdeɪvɪd ˈlɛvɪt (@dvdleavitt*) sɛpˈtɛmbər 1 2017 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rul 1-4.5-b*, ðə ˈnəmbərz ɔn ðə ˈʤərzi məst ˈkɑntræst ðə beɪs ˈkələr əv ðə ˈʤərzi. soʊ ˌɔlˈðoʊ skim lʊks gʊd, ɪts nɑt əˈlaʊd ənd kɔst ðə tim fɔr əv ɪts sɪks ɪn ðɪs roʊd geɪm. ɪts ˈizi tɪ bleɪm fər ðɪs mɪˈsteɪk, bɪˈkəz ˈsəmˌbɑdi ɔn ðə tim ʃʊd hæv bɪn əˈwɛr əv ðə rul tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛz rɪˈdɪkjələs ɛz ðɪs ˈdɪdənt ˈhæpən. ɪn ðə timz dɪˈfɛns ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðeɪ wɔr ðiz seɪm ˈʤərziz ˈɛvəri roʊd geɪm læst ˈsizən wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˌripərˈkəʃənz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌtæləˈhæsi ˈdɛməˌkræt. hir ər ɪn ðə ˌɪˈligəl ˈʤərziz ɪn ðə timz 2016 ˈsizən ˈoʊpənər əˈgɛnst maɪˈæmi. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ ˈɛrən ˈviə ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz ɪt lʊks laɪk ðə wɪl hæv tɪ hæv ə nu roʊd ˈjunəˌfɔrm fər ðɛr geɪm əˈgɛnst səˈvænə steɪt ɔn sɛpt. 23 |
by dr.
many foods have been heavily promoted as being healthy when they are nothing more than pernicious junk foods. in the featured article, clean founder jared koch shared his list of nine staple foods that are far less "good for you" than you've been led to believe.
here, i expand on the selections that are mentioned in the featured article.
1. canned tomatoes
many leading brands of canned foods contain -- a toxic chemical linked to reproductive abnormalities, neurological effects, heightened risk of breast and prostate cancers, diabetes, heart disease and other serious health problems. according to consumer reports' testing, just a couple of servings of canned food can exceed the safety limits for daily exposure for children.
high acidity a prominent characteristic of tomatoes causes to leach into your food. to avoid this hazardous chemical, avoid canned foods entirely and stick to fresh fruits and vegetables, or switch over to brands that use glass containers for acidic foods like tomatoes.
2. processed meats
as koch warns, processed deli meats like salami, ham, and roast beef are typically made with meats from animals raised in confined animal feeding operations (cafos).
this means they're given growth hormones, antibiotics and other veterinary drugs, and raised in deplorable conditions that promote disease, these meats are also filled with sodium (a commonly used preservative and agent that also adds color and flavor) and other chemical flavorings and dyes.
nitrites can be converted into nitrosamines in your body, which are potent chemicals. research has linkeds to higher rates of colorectal, stomach and pancreatic cancer. but that's not all. most processed deli meats also contain other chemicals that are created during cooking. these include:
heterocyclic (hcas) which are hazardous compounds created in meats and other foods that have been cooked at high temperatures. according to research, processed meats are clearly associated with an increased risk of stomach, colon and breast cancers.
which are hazardous compounds created in meats and other foods that have been cooked at high temperatures. according to research, processed meats are clearly associated with an increased risk of stomach, colon and breast cancers. aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) : many processed meats are smoked as part of the curing process, which causes to form. can also form when grilling. when fat drips onto the heat source, causing excess smoke, and the smoke surrounds your food, it can transfer to the meat.
: many processed meats are smoked as part of the curing process, which causes to form. can also form when grilling. when fat drips onto the heat source, causing excess smoke, and the smoke surrounds your food, it can transfer to the meat. advanced end products (ages): when food is cooked at high when it is pasteurized or increases the formation of ages in your food. ages build up in your body over time leading to stress, inflammation and an increased risk of heart disease, diabetes and kidney disease.
the truth is, processed meats are not a healthful choice for anyone and should be avoided entirely, according to a 2011 review of more than clinical studies examining the connection between diet and cancer. the report was commissioned by the world cancer research (wcrf) using money raised from the general public. therefore the findings were not influenced by any vested interests, which makes it all the more reliable.
it's the biggest review of the evidence ever undertaken, and it confirms previous findings: processed meats increase your risk of cancer, especially bowel cancer, and no amount of processed meat is "safe." you're far better off ditching the deli meats and opting instead for fresh meats, or wild caught salmon.
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3. margarine
the unfortunate result of the diet craze has been the shunning of healthful fats such as butter, and public health has declined as a result of this folly. there are a myriad of unhealthy components to margarine and other butter impostors, including:
trans fats: these unnatural fats in margarine, and spreads are formed during the process of hydrogenation, which turns liquid vegetable oils into a solid fat. trans fats contribute to heart disease, cancer, bone problems, hormonal imbalance and skin disease; infertility, difficulties in pregnancy and problems with lactation; and low birth weight, growth problems and learning disabilities in children. a us government panel of scientists determined that man-made trans fats are unsafe at any level.
these unnatural fats in margarine, and spreads are formed during the process of hydrogenation, which turns liquid vegetable oils into a solid fat. trans fats contribute to heart disease, cancer, bone problems, hormonal imbalance and skin disease; infertility, difficulties in pregnancy and problems with lactation; and low birth weight, growth problems and learning disabilities in children. a us government panel of scientists determined that man-made trans fats are unsafe at any level. free radicals: free radicals and other toxic breakdown products are the result of high temperature industrial processing of vegetable oils. they contribute to numerous health problems, including cancer and heart disease.
free radicals and other toxic breakdown products are the result of high temperature industrial processing of vegetable oils. they contribute to numerous health problems, including cancer and heart disease. and preservatives: numerous additives of questionable safety are added to and spreads. most vegetable shortening is stabilized with preservatives like bht.
numerous additives of questionable safety are added to and spreads. most vegetable shortening is stabilized with preservatives like bht. hexane and other solvents: used in the extraction process, these industrial chemicals can have toxic effects.
cla is not only known to help fight cancer and diabetes, it may even help you to lose weight, which cannot be said for its substitutes.
good-old-fashioned butter, when made from cows, is rich in a substance called conjugated acid (cla). much of the reason why butter is vilified is because it contains saturated fat. if you're still in the mindset that saturated fat is harmful for your health, then please read the healthy fats section of my nutrition plan to learn why saturated fat is actually good for you.
4. vegetable oils
of all the destructive foods available to us, those made with heated vegetable oils are some of the worst. make no mistake about oils are not the health food that you were lead to believe they were. this is largely due to the fact that they are highly processed, and when consumed in massive amounts, as they are by most americans, they seriously distort the important to ratio. ideally, this ratio is.
anytime you cook a food, you run the risk of creating damage. the oils you choose to cook with must be stable enough to resist chemical changes when heated to high temperatures, or you run the risk of damaging your health. one of the ways vegetable oils can inflict damage is by converting your good cholesterol into bad oxidizing it. when you cook with vegetable oils (such as canola, corn, and soy oils), oxidized cholesterol is introduced into your system.
as the oil is heated and mixed with oxygen, it goes rancid. rancid oil is oxidized oil and should not be leads directly to vascular disease.s are introduced when these oils are hydrogenated, which increases your risk of chronic diseases like breast cancer and heart disease.
so what's the best oil to cook with?
of all the available oils, coconut oil is the oil of choice for cooking because it is nearly a completely saturated fat, which means it is much less susceptible to heat damage. and coconut oil is one of the most unique and beneficial fats for your body. for more information about the many benefits of coconut oil, please see this special report. olive oil, while certainly a healthful oil, is easily damaged by heat and is best reserved for drizzling cold over salad.
5. microwave popcorn
perfluoroalkyls, which include acid (pfoa), and (pfos), are chemicals used to keep grease from leaking through fast food wrappers, are being ingested by people through their food and showing up as contaminants in blood. microwave popcorn bags are lined with, and when they are heated the compound leaches onto the popcorn.
these chemicals are part of an expanding group of chemicals commonly referred to as "gender-bending" chemicals, because they can disrupt your endocrine system and affect your sex hormones. the has ruled as "likely carcinogens," and has stated that "poses developmental and reproductive risks to humans." researchers have also linked various to a range of other health dangers, such as:
infertility -- a study published in the journal human reproduction 3 found that both and), dramatically increased the odds of infertility. was linked to a 60 to 154 percent increase in the chance of infertility.
-- a study published in the journal human reproduction found that both and), dramatically increased the odds of infertility. was linked to a 60 to 154 percent increase in the chance of infertility. thyroid disease -- a 2010 study 4 found that can damage your thyroid function. individuals with the highest concentrations were more than twice as likely to report current thyroid disease, compared to those with the lowest concentrations. your thyroid contains protein, which binds to iodine to form hormones, which in turn influence essentially every organ, tissue and cell in your body. thyroid hormones are also required for growth and development in children. thyroid disease, if left untreated, can lead to heart disease, infertility, muscle weakness, and osteoporosis.
-- a 2010 study found that can damage your thyroid function. individuals with the highest concentrations were more than twice as likely to report current thyroid disease, compared to those with the lowest concentrations. your thyroid contains protein, which binds to iodine to form hormones, which in turn influence essentially every organ, tissue and cell in your body. thyroid hormones are also required for growth and development in children. thyroid disease, if left untreated, can lead to heart disease, infertility, muscle weakness, and osteoporosis. cancer -- has been associated with tumors in at least four different organs in animal tests (liver, pancreas, testicles and mammary glands in rats), and has been associated with increases in prostate cancer in plant workers.
-- has been associated with tumors in at least four different organs in animal tests (liver, pancreas, testicles and mammary glands in rats), and has been associated with increases in prostate cancer in plant workers. immune system problems -- several studies by scientists in sweden indicate that have an adverse effect on your immune system. as described in a report on by the environmental working group (ewg), was found to decrease all immune cell studied, in the and spleen, and caused immunosupression.
-- several studies by scientists in sweden indicate that have an adverse effect on your immune system. as described in a report on by the environmental working group (ewg), was found to decrease all immune cell studied, in the and spleen, and caused immunosupression. increased cholesterol levels a 2010 study in the archives of pediatric & adolescent medicine 5 found that children and teens with higher levels had higher levels of total cholesterol and or "bad" cholesterol, while was associated with increased total cholesterol, including both cholesterol and or "good" cholesterol.
i strongly recommend avoiding any product you know containing these toxic compounds, particularly non-stick cookware, but also foods sold in food packaging, such as fast food and microwave popcorn. clearly, if you're eating fast food or junk food, from the wrapper may be the least of your problems, but i think it's still important to realize that not only are you not getting proper nutrition from the food itself, the wrappers may also add to your toxic burden.
6. potatoes and other fresh produce known for high pesticide contamination
your best bet is to buy only organic fruits and vegetables, as synthetic agricultural chemicals are not permissible under the organic rules. that said, not all conventionally grown fruits and vegetables are subjected to the same amount of pesticide load. while koch focuses on potatoes, as they tend to take up a lot of pesticides and other agricultural chemicals present in the soil, i would recommend reviewing the "shopper's guide to pesticides in by the environmental working group.
of the 48 different fruit and vegetable categories tested by the for the 2013 guide, the following 15 fruits and vegetables had the highest pesticide load, making them the most important to buy or grow organically:
apples celery cherry tomatoes cucumbers grapes hot peppers (imported) peaches potatoes spinach strawberries sweet bell peppers kale collard greens summer squash
in contrast, the following foods were found to have the lowest residual pesticide load, making them the safest bet among conventionally grown vegetables. note that a small amount of sweet corn and most hawaiian papaya, although low in pesticides, are genetically engineered (ge). if you're unsure of whether the sweet corn or papaya is ge, i'd recommend opting for organic varieties:
asparagus avocado cabbage cantaloupe sweet corn (non-gmo) eggplant grapefruit mango mushrooms onions papayas (non-gmo. most hawaiian papaya is gmo) pineapple sweet peas (frozen) sweet potatoes
7. table salt
salt is essential for cannot live without it. however, regular 'table salt' and the salt found in processed foods are not identical to the salt your body really needs. in fact, table salt has practically nothing in common with natural salt. one is health damaging, and the other is healing.
processed salt is 98 percent sodium chloride, and the remaining two percent comprises man-made chemicals, such as moisture absorbents, and a little added iodine. these are dangerous chemicals like and aluminosilicate. some european countries, where water fluoridation is not practiced, also add fluoride to table salt
natural salt is about 84 percent sodium chloride. the remaining 16 percent of natural salt consists of other naturally occurring minerals, including trace minerals like silicon, phosphorous and vanadium
given that salt is absolutely essential to good health, i recommend switching to a pure, unrefined salt. my favorite is an ancient, sea salt from the himalayas. himalayan salt is completely pure, having spent many thousands of years maturing under extreme tectonic pressure, far away from impurities, so it isn't polluted with the heavy metals and industrial toxins of today. and it's hand-mined, hand-washed, and minimally processed. himalayan salt is only 85 percent sodium chloride, the remaining 15 percent contains 84 trace minerals from our prehistoric seas. unrefined natural salt is important to many biological processes, including:
being a major component of your blood plasma, lymphatic fluid, fluid, and even amniotic fluid
carrying nutrients into and out of your cells
maintain and regulate blood pressure
increasing the cells in your brain, which are responsible for creative thinking and long-term planning
helping your brain communicate with your muscles, so that you can move on demand via ion exchange
while natural unprocessed salt has many health benefits, that does not mean you should use it with impunity. another important factor is the potassium to sodium ratio of your diet. imbalance in this ratio can not only lead to hypertension (high blood pressure) and other health problems, including heart disease, memory decline, dysfunction and more. the easiest way to avoid this imbalance is by avoiding processed foods, which are notoriously low in potassium while high in sodium. instead, eat a diet of whole, ideally foods to ensure optimal nutrient content. this type of diet will naturally provide much larger amounts of potassium in relation to sodium.
8. soy protein isolate and other soy products
sadly, most of what you have been led to believe by the media about soy is simply untrue. one of the worst problems with soy comes from the fact that 90 to 95 percent of soybeans grown in the us are genetically engineered (ge), and these are used to create soy protein isolate. genetically engineered soybeans are designed to be "roundup ready," which means they're engineered to withstand otherwise lethal doses of herbicide.
the active ingredient in roundup herbicide is called, which is responsible for the disruption of the delicate hormonal balance of the female reproductive cycle. what's more, is toxic to the placenta, which is responsible for delivering vital nutrients from mother to child, and eliminating waste products. once the placenta has been damaged or destroyed, the result can be miscarriage. in those children born to mothers who have been exposed to even a small amount of, serious birth defects can result.
glyphosate's mechanism of harm was only recently identified, and demonstrates how this chemical disrupts cellular function and induce many of our modern diseases, including autism. soy protein isolate can be found in protein bars, meal replacement shakes, bottled fruit drinks, soups and sauces, meat analogs, baked goods, breakfast cereals and some dietary supplements.
even if you are not a vegetarian and do not use or tofu, it is important to be a serious label reader. there are so many different names for soy additives, you could be bringing home a genetically modified product without even realizing it. soy expert dr. daniel offers a free special, "where the are," on her web site. it lists the many "aliases" that soy might be hiding under in ingredient lists -- words like "bouillon," "natural flavor" and "textured plant protein."
besides soy protein isolate, all soy products are best avoided if you value your health. thousands of studies have linked soy to malnutrition, digestive distress, breakdown, thyroid dysfunction, cognitive decline, reproductive disorders and cancer and heart disease.
the only soy with health benefits is organic soy that has been properly fermented, and these are the only soy products i ever recommend consuming. after a long fermentation process, the and "anti-nutrient" levels of soybeans are reduced, and their beneficial properties become available to your digestive system. to learn more, please see this previous article detailing the dangers of soy.
9. artificial sweeteners
contrary to popular belief, studies have found that artificial sweeteners such as aspartame can stimulate your appetite, increase carbohydrate cravings, and stimulate fat storage and weight gain. in one of the most recent of such, saccharin and aspartame were found to cause greater weight gain than sugar.
aspartame is perhaps one of the most problematic. it is primarily made up of acid and. the has been synthetically modified to carry a methyl group, which provides the majority of the sweetness. that methyl bond, called a methyl ester, is very weak, which allows the methyl group on the to easily break off and form methanol.
you may have heard theim that aspartame is harmless because methanol is also found in fruits and vegetables. however, in fruits and vegetables, the methanol is firmly bonded to pectin, allowing it to be safely passed through your digestive tract. not so with the methanol created by aspartame; there it's not bonded to anything that can help eliminate it from your body.
methanol acts as a trojan horse; it's carried into susceptible tissues in your body, like your brain and bone marrow, where the alcohol (adh) enzyme converts it into formaldehyde, which wreaks havoc with sensitive proteins and dna. all animals except humans have a protective mechanism that allows methanol to be broken down into harmless formic acid. this is why toxicology testing on animals is a flawed model. it doesn't fully apply to people.
guidelines for healthy food
whatever food you're looking to eat, whether organic or locally grown, from either your local supermarket or a farmer's market, the following are signs of a high-quality, healthy food. most often, the best place to find these foods is from a sustainable agricultural group in your area. you can also review my free nutrition plan to get started on a healthy eating program today: | baɪ ˈdɑktər. ˈmɛni fudz hæv bɪn ˈhɛvəli prəˈmoʊtəd ɛz biɪŋ ˈhɛlθi wɪn ðeɪ ər ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ðən pərˈnɪʃəs ʤəŋk fudz. ɪn ðə ˈfiʧərd ˈɑrtɪkəl, klin ˈfaʊndər ˈʤɛrɪd kɔʧ ʃɛrd hɪz lɪst əv naɪn ˈsteɪpəl fudz ðət ər fɑr lɛs "gʊd fər ju" ðən juv bɪn lɛd tɪ bɪˈliv. hir, aɪ ɪkˈspænd ɔn ðə səˈlɛkʃənz ðət ər ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn ðə ˈfiʧərd ˈɑrtɪkəl. 1 kænd təˈmɑtoʊz ˈmɛni ˈlidɪŋ brændz əv kænd fudz kənˈteɪn ə ˈtɑksɪk ˈkɛmɪkəl lɪŋkt tɪ ˌriprəˈdəktɪv ˌæbnɔrˈmælətiz, ˌnʊrəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈifɛkts, ˈhaɪtənd rɪsk əv brɛst ənd ˈprɑˌsteɪt ˈkænsərz, ˌdaɪəˈbitiz, hɑrt dɪˈziz ənd ˈəðər ˈsɪriəs hɛlθ ˈprɑbləmz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ kənˈsumər rɪˈpɔrts' ˈtɛstɪŋ, ʤɪst ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈsərvɪŋz əv kænd fud kən ɪkˈsid ðə ˈseɪfti ˈlɪmɪts fər ˈdeɪli ɪkˈspoʊʒər fər ˈʧɪldrən. haɪ əˈsɪdəti ə ˈprɑmənənt ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪk əv təˈmɑtoʊz ˈkɔzɪz tɪ liʧ ˈɪntu jʊr fud. tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðɪs ˈhæzərdəs ˈkɛmɪkəl, əˈvɔɪd kænd fudz ɪnˈtaɪərli ənd stɪk tɪ frɛʃ fruts ənd ˈvɛʤtəbəlz, ər swɪʧ ˈoʊvər tɪ brændz ðət juz glæs kənˈteɪnərz fər əˈsɪdɪk fudz laɪk təˈmɑtoʊz. 2 ˈprɑsɛst mits ɛz kɔʧ wɔrnz, ˈprɑsɛst ˈdɛli mits laɪk səˈlɑmi, hæm, ənd roʊst bif ər ˈtɪpɪkəli meɪd wɪθ mits frəm ˈænəməlz reɪzd ɪn kənˈfaɪnd ˈænəməl ˈfidɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz (cafos*). ðɪs minz ðɛr ˈgɪvɪn groʊθ ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz, ˌæntibaɪˈɑtɪks ənd ˈəðər ˈvɛtrəˌnɛri drəgz, ənd reɪzd ɪn dɪˈplɔrəbəl kənˈdɪʃənz ðət prəˈmoʊt dɪˈziz, ðiz mits ər ˈɔlsoʊ fɪld wɪθ ˈsoʊdiəm (ə ˈkɑmənli juzd priˈzərvətɪv ənd ˈeɪʤənt ðət ˈɔlsoʊ ædz ˈkələr ənd ˈfleɪvər) ənd ˈəðər ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈfleɪvərɪŋz ənd daɪz. kən bi kənˈvərtɪd ˈɪntu nɪˌtrɑsəˈminz ɪn jʊr ˈbɑdi, wɪʧ ər ˈpoʊtənt ˈkɛmɪkəlz. ˈrisərʧ həz lɪŋkt tɪ haɪər reɪts əv ˌkoʊloʊˈrɛktəl, ˈstəmək ənd ˌpænkriˈætɪk ˈkænsər. bət ðæts nɑt ɔl. moʊst ˈprɑsɛst ˈdɛli mits ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈteɪn ˈəðər ˈkɛmɪkəlz ðət ər kriˈeɪtɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈkʊkɪŋ. ðiz ˌɪnˈklud: (hcas*) wɪʧ ər ˈhæzərdəs ˈkɑmpaʊndz kriˈeɪtɪd ɪn mits ənd ˈəðər fudz ðət hæv bɪn kʊkt æt haɪ ˈtɛmpərəʧərz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈrisərʧ, ˈprɑsɛst mits ər ˈklɪrli əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ən ˌɪnˈkrist rɪsk əv ˈstəmək, ˈkoʊlən ənd brɛst ˈkænsərz. wɪʧ ər ˈhæzərdəs ˈkɑmpaʊndz kriˈeɪtɪd ɪn mits ənd ˈəðər fudz ðət hæv bɪn kʊkt æt haɪ ˈtɛmpərəʧərz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈrisərʧ, ˈprɑsɛst mits ər ˈklɪrli əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ən ˌɪnˈkrist rɪsk əv ˈstəmək, ˈkoʊlən ənd brɛst ˈkænsərz. ˌɛrəˈmætɪk ˌhaɪdroʊˈkɑrbənz (pahs*) ˈmɛni ˈprɑsɛst mits ər smoʊkt ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˈkjʊrɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs, wɪʧ ˈkɔzɪz tɪ fɔrm. kən ˈɔlsoʊ fɔrm wɪn ˈgrɪlɪŋ. wɪn fæt drɪps ˈɔntu ðə hit sɔrs, ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈɛkˌsɛs smoʊk, ənd ðə smoʊk səraʊndz jʊr fud, ɪt kən ˈtrænsfər tɪ ðə mit. ˈmɛni ˈprɑsɛst mits ər smoʊkt ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˈkjʊrɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs, wɪʧ ˈkɔzɪz tɪ fɔrm. kən ˈɔlsoʊ fɔrm wɪn ˈgrɪlɪŋ. wɪn fæt drɪps ˈɔntu ðə hit sɔrs, ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈɛkˌsɛs smoʊk, ənd ðə smoʊk səraʊndz jʊr fud, ɪt kən ˈtrænsfər tɪ ðə mit. ədˈvænst ɛnd ˈprɑdəkts (ˈeɪʤɪz): wɪn fud ɪz kʊkt æt haɪ wɪn ɪt ɪz ˈpæsʧərˌaɪzd ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ˈeɪʤɪz ɪn jʊr fud. ˈeɪʤɪz bɪld əp ɪn jʊr ˈbɑdi ˈoʊvər taɪm ˈlidɪŋ tɪ strɛs, ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən ənd ən ˌɪnˈkrist rɪsk əv hɑrt dɪˈziz, ˌdaɪəˈbitiz ənd ˈkɪdni dɪˈziz. ðə truθ ɪz, ˈprɑsɛst mits ər nɑt ə ˈhɛlθfəl ʧɔɪs fər ˈɛniˌwən ənd ʃʊd bi əˈvɔɪdɪd ɪnˈtaɪərli, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə 2011 ˌrivˈju əv mɔr ðən ˈklɪnɪkəl ˈstədiz ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ðə kəˈnɛkʃən bɪtˈwin daɪət ənd ˈkænsər. ðə rɪˈpɔrt wɑz kəˈmɪʃənd baɪ ðə wərld ˈkænsər ˈrisərʧ (wcrf*) ˈjuzɪŋ ˈməni reɪzd frəm ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈpəblɪk. ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðə ˈfaɪndɪŋz wər nɑt ˈɪnfluənst baɪ ˈɛni ˈvɛstɪd ˈɪntərɪsts, wɪʧ meɪks ɪt ɔl ðə mɔr rɪˈlaɪəbəl. ɪts ðə ˈbɪgəst ˌrivˈju əv ðə ˈɛvədəns ˈɛvər ˈəndərˌteɪkən, ənd ɪt kənˈfərmz ˈpriviəs ˈfaɪndɪŋz: ˈprɑsɛst mits ˌɪnˈkris jʊr rɪsk əv ˈkænsər, əˈspɛʃəli baʊəl ˈkænsər, ənd noʊ əˈmaʊnt əv ˈprɑsɛst mit ɪz "seɪf." jʊr fɑr ˈbɛtər ɔf ˈdɪʧɪŋ ðə ˈdɛli mits ənd ˈɑptɪŋ ˌɪnˈstɛd fər frɛʃ mits, ər waɪld kɔt ˈsæmən. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt 3 ˈmɑrʤərən ðə ənˈfɔrʧənət rɪˈzəlt əv ðə daɪət kreɪz həz bɪn ðə ˈʃənɪŋ əv ˈhɛlθfəl fæts səʧ ɛz ˈbətər, ənd ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ həz dɪˈklaɪnd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðɪs ˈfɑli. ðɛr ər ə ˈmɪriəd əv ənˈhɛlθi kəmˈpoʊnənts tɪ ˈmɑrʤərən ənd ˈəðər ˈbətər ˌɪmˈpɔstərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ: trænz fæts: ðiz ənˈnæʧərəl fæts ɪn ˈmɑrʤərən, ənd sprɛdz ər fɔrmd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˌhaɪˌdrɑʤəˈneɪʃən, wɪʧ tərnz ˈlɪkwɪd ˈvɛʤtəbəl ɔɪlz ˈɪntu ə ˈsɑləd fæt. trænz fæts kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ hɑrt dɪˈziz, ˈkænsər, boʊn ˈprɑbləmz, ˈhɔrˌmoʊnəl ɪmˈbæləns ənd skɪn dɪˈziz; ˌɪnfərˈtɪlɪˌti, ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ɪn ˈprɛgnənsi ənd ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ lækˈteɪʃən; ənd loʊ bərθ weɪt, groʊθ ˈprɑbləmz ənd ˈlərnɪŋ dɪsəˈbɪlɪtiz ɪn ˈʧɪldrən. ə ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt ˈpænəl əv ˈsaɪəntɪsts dɪˈtərmənd ðət ˈmænˌmeɪd trænz fæts ər ənˈseɪf æt ˈɛni ˈlɛvəl. ðiz ənˈnæʧərəl fæts ɪn ˈmɑrʤərən, ənd sprɛdz ər fɔrmd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˌhaɪˌdrɑʤəˈneɪʃən, wɪʧ tərnz ˈlɪkwɪd ˈvɛʤtəbəl ɔɪlz ˈɪntu ə ˈsɑləd fæt. trænz fæts kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ hɑrt dɪˈziz, ˈkænsər, boʊn ˈprɑbləmz, ˈhɔrˌmoʊnəl ɪmˈbæləns ənd skɪn dɪˈziz; ˌɪnfərˈtɪlɪˌti, ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ɪn ˈprɛgnənsi ənd ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ lækˈteɪʃən; ənd loʊ bərθ weɪt, groʊθ ˈprɑbləmz ənd ˈlərnɪŋ dɪsəˈbɪlɪtiz ɪn ˈʧɪldrən. ə ˈjuˈɛs ˈgəvərnmənt ˈpænəl əv ˈsaɪəntɪsts dɪˈtərmənd ðət ˈmænˌmeɪd trænz fæts ər ənˈseɪf æt ˈɛni ˈlɛvəl. fri ˈrædɪkəlz: fri ˈrædɪkəlz ənd ˈəðər ˈtɑksɪk ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn ˈprɑdəkts ər ðə rɪˈzəlt əv haɪ ˈtɛmpərəʧər ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ əv ˈvɛʤtəbəl ɔɪlz. ðeɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ˈnumərəs hɛlθ ˈprɑbləmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkænsər ənd hɑrt dɪˈziz. fri ˈrædɪkəlz ənd ˈəðər ˈtɑksɪk ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn ˈprɑdəkts ər ðə rɪˈzəlt əv haɪ ˈtɛmpərəʧər ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ əv ˈvɛʤtəbəl ɔɪlz. ðeɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ˈnumərəs hɛlθ ˈprɑbləmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkænsər ənd hɑrt dɪˈziz. ənd prəˈzərvətɪvz: ˈnumərəs ˈædɪtɪvz əv kˈwɛsʧənəbəl ˈseɪfti ər ˈædɪd tɪ ənd sprɛdz. moʊst ˈvɛʤtəbəl ˈʃɔrtənɪŋ ɪz ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzd wɪθ prəˈzərvətɪvz laɪk bht*. ˈnumərəs ˈædɪtɪvz əv kˈwɛsʧənəbəl ˈseɪfti ər ˈædɪd tɪ ənd sprɛdz. moʊst ˈvɛʤtəbəl ˈʃɔrtənɪŋ ɪz ˈsteɪbəˌlaɪzd wɪθ prəˈzərvətɪvz laɪk bht*. ˈhɛkseɪn ənd ˈəðər ˈsɔlvənts: juzd ɪn ðə ɛkˈstrækʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs, ðiz ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈkɛmɪkəlz kən hæv ˈtɑksɪk ˈifɛkts. ɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli noʊn tɪ hɛlp faɪt ˈkænsər ənd ˌdaɪəˈbitiz, ɪt meɪ ˈivɪn hɛlp ju tɪ luz weɪt, wɪʧ ˈkænɑt bi sɛd fər ɪts ˈsəbstəˌtuts. ˈbətər, wɪn meɪd frəm kaʊz, ɪz rɪʧ ɪn ə ˈsəbstəns kɔld ˌkɑnʤəˈgeɪtɪd ˈæsəd (cla*). məʧ əv ðə ˈrizən waɪ ˈbətər ɪz ˈvɪləfaɪd ɪz bɪˈkəz ɪt kənˈteɪnz ˈsæʧərˌeɪtɪd fæt. ɪf jʊr stɪl ɪn ðə ˈmaɪndˌsɛt ðət ˈsæʧərˌeɪtɪd fæt ɪz ˈhɑrmfəl fər jʊr hɛlθ, ðɛn pliz rɛd ðə ˈhɛlθi fæts ˈsɛkʃən əv maɪ nuˈtrɪʃən plæn tɪ lərn waɪ ˈsæʧərˌeɪtɪd fæt ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli gʊd fər ju. 4 ˈvɛʤtəbəl ɔɪlz əv ɔl ðə dɪˈstrəktɪv fudz əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈjuˈɛs, ðoʊz meɪd wɪθ ˈhitɪd ˈvɛʤtəbəl ɔɪlz ər səm əv ðə wərst. meɪk noʊ mɪˈsteɪk əˈbaʊt ɔɪlz ər nɑt ðə hɛlθ fud ðət ju wər lɛd tɪ bɪˈliv ðeɪ wər. ðɪs ɪz ˈlɑrʤli du tɪ ðə fækt ðət ðeɪ ər ˈhaɪli ˈprɑsɛst, ənd wɪn kənˈsumd ɪn ˈmæsɪv əˈmaʊnts, ɛz ðeɪ ər baɪ moʊst əˈmɛrɪkənz, ðeɪ ˈsɪriəsli dɪˈstɔrt ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ. aɪˈdili, ðɪs ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ ɪz ˈɛniˌtaɪm ju kʊk ə fud, ju rən ðə rɪsk əv kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈdæmɪʤ. ðə ɔɪlz ju ʧuz tɪ kʊk wɪθ məst bi ˈsteɪbəl ɪˈnəf tɪ rɪˈzɪst ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wɪn ˈhitɪd tɪ haɪ ˈtɛmpərəʧərz, ər ju rən ðə rɪsk əv ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ jʊr hɛlθ. wən əv ðə weɪz ˈvɛʤtəbəl ɔɪlz kən ˌɪnˈflɪkt ˈdæmɪʤ ɪz baɪ kənˈvərtɪŋ jʊr gʊd kəˈlɛstərˌɔl ˈɪntu bæd ˈɑksəˌdaɪzɪŋ ɪt. wɪn ju kʊk wɪθ ˈvɛʤtəbəl ɔɪlz (səʧ ɛz kəˈnoʊlə, kɔrn, ənd sɔɪ ɔɪlz), ˈɑksəˌdaɪzd kəˈlɛstərˌɔl ɪz ˌɪntrəˈdust ˈɪntu jʊr ˈsɪstəm. ɛz ðə ɔɪl ɪz ˈhitɪd ənd mɪkst wɪθ ˈɑksɪʤən, ɪt goʊz ˈrænsɪd. ˈrænsɪd ɔɪl ɪz ˈɑksəˌdaɪzd ɔɪl ənd ʃʊd nɑt bi lidz dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ˈvæskjələr dɪˈziz. ər ˌɪntrəˈdust wɪn ðiz ɔɪlz ər ˈhaɪdrəʤəˌneɪtɪd, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkrisɪz jʊr rɪsk əv ˈkrɑnɪk dɪˈzizɪz laɪk brɛst ˈkænsər ənd hɑrt dɪˈziz. soʊ wəts ðə bɛst ɔɪl tɪ kʊk wɪθ? əv ɔl ðə əˈveɪləbəl ɔɪlz, ˈkoʊkəˌnət ɔɪl ɪz ðə ɔɪl əv ʧɔɪs fər ˈkʊkɪŋ bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz ˈnɪrli ə kəmˈplitli ˈsæʧərˌeɪtɪd fæt, wɪʧ minz ɪt ɪz məʧ lɛs səˈsɛptəbəl tɪ hit ˈdæmɪʤ. ənd ˈkoʊkəˌnət ɔɪl ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst juˈnik ənd ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl fæts fər jʊr ˈbɑdi. fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈmɛni ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈkoʊkəˌnət ɔɪl, pliz si ðɪs ˈspɛʃəl rɪˈpɔrt. ˈɑlɪv ɔɪl, waɪl ˈsərtənli ə ˈhɛlθfəl ɔɪl, ɪz ˈizəli ˈdæmɪʤd baɪ hit ənd ɪz bɛst rɪˈzərvd fər ˈdrɪzəlɪŋ koʊld ˈoʊvər ˈsæləd. 5 ˈmaɪkrəˌweɪv ˈpɑpˌkɔrn perfluoroalkyls*, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈklud ˈæsəd (pfoa*), ənd (pfos*), ər ˈkɛmɪkəlz juzd tɪ kip gris frəm ˈlikɪŋ θru fæst fud ˈræpərz, ər biɪŋ ˌɪnˈʤɛstəd baɪ ˈpipəl θru ðɛr fud ənd ʃoʊɪŋ əp ɛz kənˈtæmənənts ɪn bləd. ˈmaɪkrəˌweɪv ˈpɑpˌkɔrn bægz ər laɪnd wɪθ, ənd wɪn ðeɪ ər ˈhitɪd ðə ˈkɑmpaʊnd ˈliʧɪz ˈɔntu ðə ˈpɑpˌkɔrn. ðiz ˈkɛmɪkəlz ər pɑrt əv ən ɪkˈspændɪŋ grup əv ˈkɛmɪkəlz ˈkɑmənli rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz "gender-bending*" ˈkɛmɪkəlz, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ kən dɪsˈrəpt jʊr ˈɛndoʊˌkraɪn ˈsɪstəm ənd əˈfɛkt jʊr sɛks ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz. ðə həz ruld ɛz "ˈlaɪkli kɑrˈsɪnəʤənz," ənd həz ˈsteɪtɪd ðət "ˈpoʊzɪz dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛnəl ənd ˌriprəˈdəktɪv rɪsks tɪ ˈjumənz." ˈrisərʧərz hæv ˈɔlsoʊ lɪŋkt ˈvɛriəs tɪ ə reɪnʤ əv ˈəðər hɛlθ ˈdeɪnʤərz, səʧ ɛz: ˌɪnfərˈtɪlɪˌti ə ˈstədi ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl ˈjumən ˌriprəˈdəkʃən 3 faʊnd ðət boʊθ ənd), drəˈmætɪkəli ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ɑdz əv ˌɪnfərˈtɪlɪˌti. wɑz lɪŋkt tɪ ə 60 tɪ 154 pərˈsɛnt ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə ʧæns əv ˌɪnfərˈtɪlɪˌti. ə ˈstədi ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl ˈjumən ˌriprəˈdəkʃən faʊnd ðət boʊθ ənd), drəˈmætɪkəli ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ɑdz əv ˌɪnfərˈtɪlɪˌti. wɑz lɪŋkt tɪ ə 60 tɪ 154 pərˈsɛnt ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə ʧæns əv ˌɪnfərˈtɪlɪˌti. ˈθaɪrɔɪd dɪˈziz ə 2010 ˈstədi 4 faʊnd ðət kən ˈdæmɪʤ jʊr ˈθaɪrɔɪd ˈfəŋkʃən. ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz wɪθ ðə haɪəst ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz wər mɔr ðən twaɪs ɛz ˈlaɪkli tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ˈkɑrənt ˈθaɪrɔɪd dɪˈziz, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðoʊz wɪθ ðə loʊəst ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz. jʊr ˈθaɪrɔɪd kənˈteɪnz ˈproʊˌtin, wɪʧ baɪndz tɪ ˈaɪəˌdaɪn tɪ fɔrm ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz, wɪʧ ɪn tərn ˈɪnfluəns ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈɛvəri ˈɔrgən, ˈtɪʃu ənd sɛl ɪn jʊr ˈbɑdi. ˈθaɪrɔɪd ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz ər ˈɔlsoʊ rikˈwaɪərd fər groʊθ ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ˈʧɪldrən. ˈθaɪrɔɪd dɪˈziz, ɪf lɛft ənˈtritɪd, kən lɛd tɪ hɑrt dɪˈziz, ˌɪnfərˈtɪlɪˌti, ˈməsəl ˈwiknəs, ənd ˌɔstiˌɑpərˈoʊsɪs. ə 2010 ˈstədi faʊnd ðət kən ˈdæmɪʤ jʊr ˈθaɪrɔɪd ˈfəŋkʃən. ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz wɪθ ðə haɪəst ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz wər mɔr ðən twaɪs ɛz ˈlaɪkli tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ˈkɑrənt ˈθaɪrɔɪd dɪˈziz, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðoʊz wɪθ ðə loʊəst ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz. jʊr ˈθaɪrɔɪd kənˈteɪnz ˈproʊˌtin, wɪʧ baɪndz tɪ ˈaɪəˌdaɪn tɪ fɔrm ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz, wɪʧ ɪn tərn ˈɪnfluəns ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈɛvəri ˈɔrgən, ˈtɪʃu ənd sɛl ɪn jʊr ˈbɑdi. ˈθaɪrɔɪd ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz ər ˈɔlsoʊ rikˈwaɪərd fər groʊθ ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ˈʧɪldrən. ˈθaɪrɔɪd dɪˈziz, ɪf lɛft ənˈtritɪd, kən lɛd tɪ hɑrt dɪˈziz, ˌɪnfərˈtɪlɪˌti, ˈməsəl ˈwiknəs, ənd ˌɔstiˌɑpərˈoʊsɪs. ˈkænsər həz bɪn əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈtumərz ɪn æt list fɔr ˈdɪfərənt ˈɔrgənz ɪn ˈænəməl tɛsts (ˈlɪvər, ˈpænkriəs, ˈtɛˌstɪkəlz ənd ˈmæməri glændz ɪn ræts), ənd həz bɪn əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ˈprɑˌsteɪt ˈkænsər ɪn plænt ˈwərkərz. həz bɪn əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈtumərz ɪn æt list fɔr ˈdɪfərənt ˈɔrgənz ɪn ˈænəməl tɛsts (ˈlɪvər, ˈpænkriəs, ˈtɛˌstɪkəlz ənd ˈmæməri glændz ɪn ræts), ənd həz bɪn əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ˈprɑˌsteɪt ˈkænsər ɪn plænt ˈwərkərz. ˌɪmˈjun ˈsɪstəm ˈprɑbləmz ˈsɛvərəl ˈstədiz baɪ ˈsaɪəntɪsts ɪn sˈwidən ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət hæv ən ˌædˈvərs ˈifɛkt ɔn jʊr ˌɪmˈjun ˈsɪstəm. ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ə rɪˈpɔrt ɔn baɪ ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈwərkɪŋ grup (ewg*), wɑz faʊnd tɪ ˈdiˌkris ɔl ˌɪmˈjun sɛl ˈstədid, ɪn ðə ənd splin, ənd kɔzd immunosupression*. ˈsɛvərəl ˈstədiz baɪ ˈsaɪəntɪsts ɪn sˈwidən ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət hæv ən ˌædˈvərs ˈifɛkt ɔn jʊr ˌɪmˈjun ˈsɪstəm. ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ə rɪˈpɔrt ɔn baɪ ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈwərkɪŋ grup (ewg*), wɑz faʊnd tɪ ˈdiˌkris ɔl ˌɪmˈjun sɛl ˈstədid, ɪn ðə ənd splin, ənd kɔzd immunosupression*. ˌɪnˈkrist kəˈlɛstərˌɔl ˈlɛvəlz ə 2010 ˈstədi ɪn ðə ˈɑrˌkaɪvz əv ˌpidiˈætrɪk ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈmɛdəsən 5 faʊnd ðət ˈʧɪldrən ənd tinz wɪθ haɪər ˈlɛvəlz hæd haɪər ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈtoʊtəl kəˈlɛstərˌɔl ənd ər "bæd" kəˈlɛstərˌɔl, waɪl wɑz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrist ˈtoʊtəl kəˈlɛstərˌɔl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ boʊθ kəˈlɛstərˌɔl ənd ər "gʊd" kəˈlɛstərˌɔl. aɪ ˈstrɔŋli ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ˈɛni ˈprɑdəkt ju noʊ kənˈteɪnɪŋ ðiz ˈtɑksɪk ˈkɑmpaʊndz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli nɑnˈstɪk ˈkʊkˌwɛr, bət ˈɔlsoʊ fudz soʊld ɪn fud ˈpækɪʤɪŋ, səʧ ɛz fæst fud ənd ˈmaɪkrəˌweɪv ˈpɑpˌkɔrn. ˈklɪrli, ɪf jʊr ˈitɪŋ fæst fud ər ʤəŋk fud, frəm ðə ˈræpər meɪ bi ðə list əv jʊr ˈprɑbləmz, bət aɪ θɪŋk ɪts stɪl ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət nɑt ˈoʊnli ər ju nɑt ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈprɑpər nuˈtrɪʃən frəm ðə fud ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ðə ˈræpərz meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ æd tɪ jʊr ˈtɑksɪk ˈbərdən. 6 pəˈteɪtoʊz ənd ˈəðər frɛʃ ˈproʊdus noʊn fər haɪ ˈpɛstəˌsaɪd kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən jʊr bɛst bɛt ɪz tɪ baɪ ˈoʊnli ɔrˈgænɪk fruts ənd ˈvɛʤtəbəlz, ɛz sɪnˈθɛtɪk ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈkɛmɪkəlz ər nɑt pərˈmɪsəbəl ˈəndər ðə ɔrˈgænɪk rulz. ðət sɛd, nɑt ɔl kənˈvɛnʃənəli groʊn fruts ənd ˈvɛʤtəbəlz ər səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ ðə seɪm əˈmaʊnt əv ˈpɛstəˌsaɪd loʊd. waɪl kɔʧ ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn pəˈteɪtoʊz, ɛz ðeɪ tɛnd tɪ teɪk əp ə lɔt əv ˈpɛstəˌsaɪdz ənd ˈəðər ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈkɛmɪkəlz ˈprɛzənt ɪn ðə sɔɪl, aɪ wʊd ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd rivˈjuɪŋ ðə "ˈʃɑpərz gaɪd tɪ ˈpɛstəˌsaɪdz ɪn baɪ ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈwərkɪŋ grup. əv ðə 48 ˈdɪfərənt frut ənd ˈvɛʤtəbəl ˈkætəˌgɔriz ˈtɛstɪd baɪ ðə fər ðə 2013 gaɪd, ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ 15 fruts ənd ˈvɛʤtəbəlz hæd ðə haɪəst ˈpɛstəˌsaɪd loʊd, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛm ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ baɪ ər groʊ ɔrˈgænɪkli: ˈæpəlz ˈsɛləri ˈʧɛri təˈmɑtoʊz ˈkjukəmbərz greɪps hɑt ˈpɛpərz (ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd) ˈpiʧɪz pəˈteɪtoʊz ˈspɪnəʧ ˈstrɔˌbɛriz swit bɛl ˈpɛpərz keɪl ˈkɑlərd grinz ˈsəmər skwɑʃ ɪn ˈkɑntræst, ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ fudz wər faʊnd tɪ hæv ðə loʊəst rɪˈzɪʤuəl ˈpɛstəˌsaɪd loʊd, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛm ðə ˈseɪfəst bɛt əˈməŋ kənˈvɛnʃənəli groʊn ˈvɛʤtəbəlz. noʊt ðət ə smɔl əˈmaʊnt əv swit kɔrn ənd moʊst həˈwaɪən pəˈpaɪə, ˌɔlˈðoʊ loʊ ɪn ˈpɛstəˌsaɪdz, ər ʤəˈnɛtɪkli ˌɛnʤəˈnird (ge*). ɪf jʊr ənˈʃʊr əv ˈwɛðər ðə swit kɔrn ər pəˈpaɪə ɪz ge*, aɪd ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ˈɑptɪŋ fər ɔrˈgænɪk vərˈaɪətiz: əˈspɛrəgəs ˌævəˈkɑdoʊ ˈkæbɪʤ ˈkæntəˌloʊp swit kɔrn (non-gmo*) ˈɛgˌplænt ˈgreɪpˌfrut ˈmæŋgoʊ ˈməʃrumz ˈənjənz pəˈpaɪəz (non-gmo*. moʊst həˈwaɪən pəˈpaɪə ɪz gmo*) ˈpaɪˌnæpəl swit piz (ˈfroʊzən) swit pəˈteɪtoʊz 7 ˈteɪbəl sɔlt sɔlt ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəl fər ˈkænɑt lɪv wɪˈθaʊt ɪt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈrɛgjələr 'ˈteɪbəl sɔlt' ənd ðə sɔlt faʊnd ɪn ˈprɑsɛst fudz ər nɑt aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ðə sɔlt jʊr ˈbɑdi ˈrɪli nidz. ɪn fækt, ˈteɪbəl sɔlt həz ˈpræktɪkəli ˈnəθɪŋ ɪn ˈkɑmən wɪθ ˈnæʧərəl sɔlt. wən ɪz hɛlθ ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ, ənd ðə ˈəðər ɪz ˈhilɪŋ. ˈprɑsɛst sɔlt ɪz 98 pərˈsɛnt ˈsoʊdiəm ˈklɔraɪd, ənd ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ tu pərˈsɛnt kəmˈpraɪzɪz ˈmænˌmeɪd ˈkɛmɪkəlz, səʧ ɛz ˈmɔɪsʧər absorbents*, ənd ə ˈlɪtəl ˈædɪd ˈaɪəˌdaɪn. ðiz ər ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈkɛmɪkəlz laɪk ənd əˌlumənoʊˈsɪləˌkeɪt. səm ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkəntriz, wɛr ˈwɔtər ˌflʊrəˈdeɪʃən ɪz nɑt ˈpræktɪst, ˈɔlsoʊ æd ˈflʊˌraɪd tɪ ˈteɪbəl sɔlt ˈnæʧərəl sɔlt ɪz əˈbaʊt 84 pərˈsɛnt ˈsoʊdiəm ˈklɔraɪd. ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ 16 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈnæʧərəl sɔlt kənˈsɪsts əv ˈəðər ˈnæʧərəli əˈkərɪŋ ˈmɪnərəlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ treɪs ˈmɪnərəlz laɪk ˈsɪləkən, ˈfɑsfərəs ənd vəˈneɪdiəm ˈgɪvɪn ðət sɔlt ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli ɛˈsɛnʃəl tɪ gʊd hɛlθ, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd sˈwɪʧɪŋ tɪ ə pjʊr, ˌənriˈfaɪnd sɔlt. maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ɪz ən ˈeɪnʧənt, si sɔlt frəm ðə ˌhɪməˈleɪəs. ˌhɪməˈleɪən sɔlt ɪz kəmˈplitli pjʊr, ˈhævɪŋ spɛnt ˈmɛni ˈθaʊzənz əv jɪrz məˈʧʊrɪŋ ˈəndər ɪkˈstrim tɛkˈtɑnɪk ˈprɛʃər, fɑr əˈweɪ frəm ˌɪmˈpjʊrətiz, soʊ ɪt ˈɪzənt pəˈlutɪd wɪθ ðə ˈhɛvi ˈmɛtəlz ənd ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈtɑksənz əv təˈdeɪ. ənd ɪts hand-mined*, hand-washed*, ənd ˈmɪnəməli ˈprɑsɛst. ˌhɪməˈleɪən sɔlt ɪz ˈoʊnli 85 pərˈsɛnt ˈsoʊdiəm ˈklɔraɪd, ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ 15 pərˈsɛnt kənˈteɪnz 84 treɪs ˈmɪnərəlz frəm ɑr ˌprihɪˈstɔrɪk siz. ˌənriˈfaɪnd ˈnæʧərəl sɔlt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ˈmɛni ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈprɑsɛsəz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ: biɪŋ ə ˈmeɪʤər kəmˈpoʊnənt əv jʊr bləd ˈplæzmə, ˌlɪmˈfætɪk fluɪd, fluɪd, ənd ˈivɪn ˈæmniɔtɪk fluɪd ˈkɛriɪŋ ˈnutriənts ˈɪntu ənd aʊt əv jʊr sɛlz meɪnˈteɪn ənd ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt bləd ˈprɛʃər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə sɛlz ɪn jʊr breɪn, wɪʧ ər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər kriˈeɪtɪv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ənd ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈplænɪŋ ˈhɛlpɪŋ jʊr breɪn kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt wɪθ jʊr ˈməsəlz, soʊ ðət ju kən muv ɔn dɪˈmænd ˈviə aɪən ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ waɪl ˈnæʧərəl ənˈprɔˌsɛst sɔlt həz ˈmɛni hɛlθ ˈbɛnəfɪts, ðət dɪz nɑt min ju ʃʊd juz ɪt wɪθ ˌɪmˈpjunɪti. əˈnəðər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfæktər ɪz ðə pəˈtæsiəm tɪ ˈsoʊdiəm ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ əv jʊr daɪət. ɪmˈbæləns ɪn ðɪs ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ kən nɑt ˈoʊnli lɛd tɪ ˌhaɪpərˈtɛnʃən (haɪ bləd ˈprɛʃər) ənd ˈəðər hɛlθ ˈprɑbləmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ hɑrt dɪˈziz, ˈmɛməri dɪˈklaɪn, dɪsˈfəŋkʃən ənd mɔr. ðə ˈiziəst weɪ tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðɪs ɪmˈbæləns ɪz baɪ əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ˈprɑsɛst fudz, wɪʧ ər noʊˈtɔriəsli loʊ ɪn pəˈtæsiəm waɪl haɪ ɪn ˈsoʊdiəm. ˌɪnˈstɛd, it ə daɪət əv hoʊl, aɪˈdili fudz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ˈɑptɪməl ˈnutriənt ˈkɑntɛnt. ðɪs taɪp əv daɪət wɪl ˈnæʧərəli prəˈvaɪd məʧ ˈlɑrʤər əˈmaʊnts əv pəˈtæsiəm ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈsoʊdiəm. 8 sɔɪ ˈproʊˌtin ˈaɪsəˌleɪt ənd ˈəðər sɔɪ ˈprɑdəkts ˈsædli, moʊst əv wət ju hæv bɪn lɛd tɪ bɪˈliv baɪ ðə ˈmidiə əˈbaʊt sɔɪ ɪz ˈsɪmpli ənˈtru. wən əv ðə wərst ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ sɔɪ kəmz frəm ðə fækt ðət 90 tɪ 95 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈsɔɪˌbinz groʊn ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ər ʤəˈnɛtɪkli ˌɛnʤəˈnird (ge*), ənd ðiz ər juzd tɪ kriˈeɪt sɔɪ ˈproʊˌtin ˈaɪsəˌleɪt. ʤəˈnɛtɪkli ˌɛnʤəˈnird ˈsɔɪˌbinz ər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ bi "ˈraʊnˌdəp ˈrɛdi," wɪʧ minz ðɛr ˌɛnʤəˈnird tɪ wɪθˈstænd ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈliθəl ˈdoʊsɪz əv ˈərbɪˌsaɪd. ðə ˈæktɪv ˌɪnˈgridiənt ɪn ˈraʊnˌdəp ˈərbɪˌsaɪd ɪz kɔld, wɪʧ ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə dɪsˈrəpʃən əv ðə ˈdɛləkət ˈhɔrˌmoʊnəl ˈbæləns əv ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˌriprəˈdəktɪv ˈsaɪkəl. wəts mɔr, ɪz ˈtɑksɪk tɪ ðə pləˈsɛntə, wɪʧ ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ˈvaɪtəl ˈnutriənts frəm ˈməðər tɪ ʧaɪld, ənd ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪŋ weɪst ˈprɑdəkts. wəns ðə pləˈsɛntə həz bɪn ˈdæmɪʤd ər dɪˈstrɔɪd, ðə rɪˈzəlt kən bi mɪˈskɛrəʤ. ɪn ðoʊz ˈʧɪldrən bɔrn tɪ ˈməðərz hu hæv bɪn ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ ˈivɪn ə smɔl əˈmaʊnt əv, ˈsɪriəs bərθ ˈdifɛkts kən rɪˈzəlt. ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm əv hɑrm wɑz ˈoʊnli ˈrisəntli aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd, ənd ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts haʊ ðɪs ˈkɛmɪkəl dɪsˈrəpts ˈsɛljələr ˈfəŋkʃən ənd ˌɪnˈdus ˈmɛni əv ɑr ˈmɑdərn dɪˈzizɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈɔˌtɪzəm. sɔɪ ˈproʊˌtin ˈaɪsəˌleɪt kən bi faʊnd ɪn ˈproʊˌtin bɑrz, mil rɪˈpleɪsmənt ʃeɪks, ˈbɑtəld frut drɪŋks, sups ənd ˈsɔsɪz, mit analogs*, beɪkt gʊdz, ˈbrɛkfəst ˈsɪriəlz ənd səm ˈdaɪəˌtɛri ˌsəpləˈmɛnts. ˈivɪn ɪf ju ər nɑt ə ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən ənd du nɑt juz ər ˈtoʊfu, ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ bi ə ˈsɪriəs ˈleɪbəl ˈridər. ðɛr ər soʊ ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt neɪmz fər sɔɪ ˈædɪtɪvz, ju kʊd bi ˈbrɪŋɪŋ hoʊm ə ʤəˈnɛtɪkli ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd ˈprɑdəkt wɪˈθaʊt ˈivɪn ˈriəˌlaɪzɪŋ ɪt. sɔɪ ˈɛkspərt ˈdɑktər. ˈdænjəl ˈɔfərz ə fri ˈspɛʃəl "wɛr ðə ər," ɔn hər wɛb saɪt. ɪt lɪsts ðə ˈmɛni "ˈeɪliəsɪz" ðət sɔɪ maɪt bi ˈhaɪdɪŋ ˈəndər ɪn ˌɪnˈgridiənt lɪsts wərdz laɪk "ˌbuˈwɪlən," "ˈnæʧərəl ˈfleɪvər" ənd "ˈtɛksʧərd plænt ˈproʊˌtin." ˌbiˈsaɪdz sɔɪ ˈproʊˌtin ˈaɪsəˌleɪt, ɔl sɔɪ ˈprɑdəkts ər bɛst əˈvɔɪdɪd ɪf ju ˈvælju jʊr hɛlθ. ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈstədiz hæv lɪŋkt sɔɪ tɪ ˌmælnuˈtrɪʃən, daɪˈʤɛstɪv dɪˈstrɛs, ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn, ˈθaɪrɔɪd dɪsˈfəŋkʃən, ˈkɑgnɪtɪv dɪˈklaɪn, ˌriprəˈdəktɪv dɪˈsɔrdərz ənd ˈkænsər ənd hɑrt dɪˈziz. ðə ˈoʊnli sɔɪ wɪθ hɛlθ ˈbɛnəfɪts ɪz ɔrˈgænɪk sɔɪ ðət həz bɪn ˈprɑpərli fərˈmɛntəd, ənd ðiz ər ðə ˈoʊnli sɔɪ ˈprɑdəkts aɪ ˈɛvər ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd kənˈsumɪŋ. ˈæftər ə lɔŋ ˌfərmənˈteɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs, ðə ənd "anti-nutrient*" ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈsɔɪˌbinz ər rɪˈdust, ənd ðɛr ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl ˈprɑpərtiz bɪˈkəm əˈveɪləbəl tɪ jʊr daɪˈʤɛstɪv ˈsɪstəm. tɪ lərn mɔr, pliz si ðɪs ˈpriviəs ˈɑrtɪkəl dɪˈteɪlɪŋ ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz əv sɔɪ. 9 ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl sˈwitənərz ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ ˈpɑpjələr bɪˈlif, ˈstədiz hæv faʊnd ðət ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl sˈwitənərz səʧ ɛz ˈæspərˌteɪm kən ˈstɪmjəˌleɪt jʊr ˈæpəˌtaɪt, ˌɪnˈkris ˌkɑrboʊˈhaɪˌdreɪt ˈkreɪvɪŋz, ənd ˈstɪmjəˌleɪt fæt ˈstɔrɪʤ ənd weɪt geɪn. ɪn wən əv ðə moʊst ˈrisənt əv səʧ ˈsækərən ənd ˈæspərˌteɪm wər faʊnd tɪ kɔz ˈgreɪtər weɪt geɪn ðən ˈʃʊgər. ˈæspərˌteɪm ɪz pərˈhæps wən əv ðə moʊst ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk. ɪt ɪz praɪˈmɛrəli meɪd əp əv ˈæsəd ənd. ðə həz bɪn sɪnˈθɛtɪkli ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd tɪ ˈkɛri ə ˈmɛθəl grup, wɪʧ prəˈvaɪdz ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə sˈwitnəs. ðət ˈmɛθəl bɑnd, kɔld ə ˈmɛθəl ˈɛstər, ɪz ˈvɛri wik, wɪʧ əˈlaʊz ðə ˈmɛθəl grup ɔn ðə tɪ ˈizəli breɪk ɔf ənd fɔrm ˈmɛθəˌnɑl. ju meɪ hæv hərd ðə kleɪm ðət ˈæspərˌteɪm ɪz ˈhɑrmləs bɪˈkəz ˈmɛθəˌnɑl ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ɪn fruts ənd ˈvɛʤtəbəlz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn fruts ənd ˈvɛʤtəbəlz, ðə ˈmɛθəˌnɑl ɪz ˈfərmli ˈbɑndɪd tɪ ˈpɛktɪn, əˈlaʊɪŋ ɪt tɪ bi ˈseɪfli pæst θru jʊr daɪˈʤɛstɪv trækt. nɑt soʊ wɪθ ðə ˈmɛθəˌnɑl kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ˈæspərˌteɪm; ðɛr ɪts nɑt ˈbɑndɪd tɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət kən hɛlp ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ɪt frəm jʊr ˈbɑdi. ˈmɛθəˌnɑl ækts ɛz ə ˈtroʊʤən hɔrs; ɪts ˈkɛrid ˈɪntu səˈsɛptəbəl ˈtɪʃuz ɪn jʊr ˈbɑdi, laɪk jʊr breɪn ənd boʊn ˈmɛroʊ, wɛr ðə ˈælkəˌhɑl (adh*) ˈɛnˌzaɪm ˈkɑnvərts ɪt ˈɪntu fərˈmældəˌhaɪd, wɪʧ riks ˈhævək wɪθ ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ˈproʊˌtinz ənd ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ. ɔl ˈænəməlz ɪkˈsɛpt ˈjumənz hæv ə prəˈtɛktɪv ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm ðət əˈlaʊz ˈmɛθəˌnɑl tɪ bi ˈbroʊkən daʊn ˈɪntu ˈhɑrmləs ˈfɔrmɪk ˈæsəd. ðɪs ɪz waɪ ˌtɑksɪˈkɑləʤi ˈtɛstɪŋ ɔn ˈænəməlz ɪz ə flɔd ˈmɑdəl. ɪt ˈdəzənt ˈfʊli əˈplaɪ tɪ ˈpipəl. ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz fər ˈhɛlθi fud ˌwəˈtɛvər fud jʊr ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ it, ˈwɛðər ɔrˈgænɪk ər ˈloʊkəli groʊn, frəm ˈiðər jʊr ˈloʊkəl ˈsupərˌmɑrkɪt ər ə ˈfɑrmərz ˈmɑrkɪt, ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ər saɪnz əv ə ˌhaɪkˈwɑləti, ˈhɛlθi fud. moʊst ˈɔfən, ðə bɛst pleɪs tɪ faɪnd ðiz fudz ɪz frəm ə səˈsteɪnəbəl ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl grup ɪn jʊr ˈɛriə. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˌrivˈju maɪ fri nuˈtrɪʃən plæn tɪ gɪt ˈstɑrtɪd ɔn ə ˈhɛlθi ˈitɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm təˈdeɪ: |
an account by emmett j. nolan about 'job conditioning' around the issue of breaks.
on my first day of work, my manager explained to me the three options regarding breaks:
1) clock out for 30 minutes,
2) take two breaks on the clock, or
3) take a break on the clock.
additionally, an hour and a half “black-out” period existed for breaks during the busy middle of the day. the actual state law is a meal break and two rest breaks for a work period over six hours. not only was this buffet option of breaks illegal, but it was also a strain on the body during a 7 to 9 hour shift. this situation continued on for two years and i discovered that this system was not just limited to my department or workplace, but existed within other departments and at other locations in the company.
in a meeting with my co-workers after work during the hectic holiday season, i planned to discuss what the law was on breaks, share my reasons for why i personally needed to begin taking all my breaks, and my fear of being retaliated against if i was the only worker to take their full breaks. frustrated at this situation, my instinct was to organize around the issue and make some demands collectively. but, my co-workers and i were able to devise a creative solution in which we asserted our right to what was already ours to begin with. the collective agreement that followed would set a precedent for us to begin taking our breaks. as a result, our working conditions greatly improved and a definite sense of empowerment was instilled within us.
why would a worker not take their breaks? well, the first answer is often that management provide them. the state law clearly states that responsibility to provide breaks and not the workers’ burden to ask for them. however, the restaurant industry is often plagued by a imposition by employers that taking breaks is selfish. as lower wage jobs reliant on tips and typically strained for hours, often workers are forced to overlook the immediate well-being of their health in order to scratch out a financial (in)security. the following reasons are common in the restaurant industry and i heard them all from my co-workers. they go like this.
the uninformed worker, “restaurants have to give us breaks, right?” not knowing the laws regarding breaks, the uninformed are led to believe they owed breaks and easily go along with withholding of our breaks. if it for some good co-workers at my past jobs, i may have fallen into the uninformed worker position, too.
the superhero, “i need a break.” the superhero also often expects co-workers to not take breaks and be superheroes, too. often young or macho, the superhero fails to see that work is a lifelong reality and that as a result we must respond as though a marathon and not a sprint. otherwise, without proper care, our bodies break down and when we keep up discarded for a younger worker. sure, when i was fifteen and at my first job i shared the superhero opinion. but, years later and with the accumulation of a couple ailments that ensued from manual labor jobs, working 6 hour stretches on my feet without a chance to sit down, i felt the value that breaks provided. certainly not horses, we rest on our feet.
the nickel &, “i want to clock out, i need the we work through our breaks and forfeit that extra time to the salaried management, our productivity increases at a disproportionate rate to our rest and wellbeing. as a result, often the boss gets ahead, sends us home early more exhausted then we would be if we took our breaks, and effectively zeros out the wage benefit of working through our breaks. no stranger to the nickel & either. a real concern. nonetheless, the outlook confuses an issue of bodily wellbeing with an economic worry. why not a paid lunch break?
at our informal meeting, i shared my personal reasons for needing all of my breaks. my co-workers were sympathetic and shared their own stories and reasons for not taking their breaks, as well. we acknowledged two major obstacles. first, we felt uncomfortable taking all of our breaks while our co-workers kept trudging along through the day. no one wanted to let their co-workers down or seem like they were evading work. we overcame this barrier by making a pact to support and encourage everyone to take their full breaks. the effect this spoken acknowledgment and support had on each of us to decide to take our breaks can not be underestimated.
our second obstacle involved how busy and overloaded we felt at work. we determined the true reason for us being too busy and overloaded was because management was too cheap to schedule a worker. aer would allow everyone to take scheduled breaks, provide back-up during busy rushes, and result in a minimal increase in labor cost. our need for aer was an on going issue long before we started talking about breaks. we discussed how by working through our breaks we only bolstered case for not needing aer and that if we all took our breaks the need for a would become immediately apparent. we overcame this barrier by reaffirming our break rights under the law and committing to support anyone taking their break regardless of how busy or behind on the closing tasks we were.
in the weeks that followed, i gradually began taking each of my breaks with the full support of my co-workers. i literally felt freed, as though i had taken control of my work day. this instant improvement in my disposition and morale became apparent to both myself and co-workers. gradually, co-workers’ hesitancy began to evaporate as they too began taking their breaks. our informal system was so developed that when a new co-worker was hired that month, she too began to take her full breaks. it was unavoidable for workers in other departments and substitutes from other locations to notice our additional breaks, and they soon began asking us about them. even our manager began taking all the same breaks we did!
what we achieved together was a definable job conditioning victory that improved our day-to-day lives, established a new standard for new co-workers, and inspired a feeling of empowerment and confidence that was previously absent. however, there is plenty of work left to do. not every co-worker takes every one of their breaks every day. support and encouragement are needed daily to maintain the practice at our workplace. if this system is to continue and survive the inevitable challenges from management, greater organization is necessary.
over the course of the next few years, we succeeded in ending the practice of a black out period for breaks, only to have it return later, and then be ended again. rather than looking out for our wellbeing, management continued to try to dissuade us from taking breaks by stating that it was our “prerogative” whether or not we took breaks and to say that industry standard that breaks given. at other times, management was more nuanced. when employees in another department at another location began taking breaks, the manager first resisted then “researched” the issue to find the same information we did: that we being given all the breaks required by law. the manager then crafted a break schedule and took ownership of the change in policy. but, if it for the example we set in our department or the experience those workers had while working in our department which they took to other locations, those workers would likely still not have their required breaks.
our experience of taking action to take our breaks reveals how we can make improvements to our day-to-day life through direct communication with each other. the experience also demonstrates the potential for how we can make further improvements to our work lives through collective action.
originally posted: july 5, 2013 at | ən əˈkaʊnt baɪ ˈɛmɪt ʤeɪ. ˈnoʊlən əˈbaʊt 'ʤɑb kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ' əraʊnd ðə ˈɪʃu əv breɪks. ɔn maɪ fərst deɪ əv wərk, maɪ ˈmænɪʤər ɪkˈspleɪnd tɪ mi ðə θri ˈɔpʃənz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ breɪks: 1 klɑk aʊt fər 30 ˈmɪnəts, 2 teɪk tu breɪks ɔn ðə klɑk, ər 3 teɪk ə breɪk ɔn ðə klɑk. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ən aʊər ənd ə hæf ““black-out”*” ˈpɪriəd ɪgˈzɪstəd fər breɪks ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈbɪzi ˈmɪdəl əv ðə deɪ. ðə ˈækʧəwəl steɪt lɔ ɪz ə mil breɪk ənd tu rɛst breɪks fər ə wərk ˈpɪriəd ˈoʊvər sɪks aʊərz. nɑt ˈoʊnli wɑz ðɪs ˈbəfət ˈɔpʃən əv breɪks ˌɪˈligəl, bət ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə streɪn ɔn ðə ˈbɑdi ˈdʊrɪŋ ə 7 tɪ 9 aʊər ʃɪft. ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən kənˈtɪnjud ɔn fər tu jɪrz ənd aɪ dɪˈskəvərd ðət ðɪs ˈsɪstəm wɑz nɑt ʤɪst ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ maɪ dɪˈpɑrtmənt ər ˈwərkˌpleɪs, bət ɪgˈzɪstəd wɪˈθɪn ˈəðər dɪˈpɑrtmənts ənd æt ˈəðər loʊˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. ɪn ə ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ maɪ ˈkoʊˈwərkərz ˈæftər wərk ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈhɛktɪk ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈsizən, aɪ plænd tɪ dɪˈskəs wət ðə lɔ wɑz ɔn breɪks, ʃɛr maɪ ˈrizənz fər waɪ aɪ ˈpərsənəli ˈnidɪd tɪ bɪˈgɪn ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔl maɪ breɪks, ənd maɪ fɪr əv biɪŋ rɪˈtæliˌeɪtɪd əˈgɛnst ɪf aɪ wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈwərkər tɪ teɪk ðɛr fʊl breɪks. ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd æt ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, maɪ ˈɪnstɪŋkt wɑz tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz əraʊnd ðə ˈɪʃu ənd meɪk səm dɪˈmændz kəˈlɛktɪvli. bət, maɪ ˈkoʊˈwərkərz ənd aɪ wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ dɪˈvaɪz ə kriˈeɪtɪv səˈluʃən ɪn wɪʧ wi əˈsərtəd ɑr raɪt tɪ wət wɑz ɔˈrɛdi ɑrz tɪ bɪˈgɪn wɪθ. ðə kəˈlɛktɪv əˈgrimənt ðət ˈfɑloʊd wʊd sɛt ə ˈprɛsɪdənt fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ bɪˈgɪn ˈteɪkɪŋ ɑr breɪks. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ɑr ˈwərkɪŋ kənˈdɪʃənz ˈgreɪtli ˌɪmˈpruvd ənd ə ˈdɛfənət sɛns əv ɪmˈpaʊərmənt wɑz ˌɪnˈstɪld wɪˈθɪn ˈjuˈɛs. waɪ wʊd ə ˈwərkər nɑt teɪk ðɛr breɪks? wɛl, ðə fərst ˈænsər ɪz ˈɔfən ðət ˈmænɪʤmənt prəˈvaɪd ðɛm. ðə steɪt lɔ ˈklɪrli steɪts ðət riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ prəˈvaɪd breɪks ənd nɑt ðə workers’*’ ˈbərdən tɪ æsk fər ðɛm. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈɪndəstri ɪz ˈɔfən pleɪgd baɪ ə ˌɪmpəˈzɪʃən baɪ ɪmˈplɔɪərz ðət ˈteɪkɪŋ breɪks ɪz ˈsɛlfɪʃ. ɛz loʊər weɪʤ ʤɑbz rɪˈlaɪənt ɔn tɪps ənd ˈtɪpɪkəli streɪnd fər aʊərz, ˈɔfən ˈwərkərz ər fɔrst tɪ ˈoʊvərˌlʊk ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ əv ðɛr hɛlθ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ skræʧ aʊt ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl (in)security*. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈrizənz ər ˈkɑmən ɪn ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈɪndəstri ənd aɪ hərd ðɛm ɔl frəm maɪ ˈkoʊˈwərkərz. ðeɪ goʊ laɪk ðɪs. ðə ˌənɪnˈfɔrmd ˈwərkər, hæv tɪ gɪv ˈjuˈɛs breɪks, right?”*?” nɑt noʊɪŋ ðə lɔz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ breɪks, ðə ˌənɪnˈfɔrmd ər lɛd tɪ bɪˈliv ðeɪ oʊd breɪks ənd ˈizəli goʊ əˈlɔŋ wɪθ wɪθˈhoʊldɪŋ əv ɑr breɪks. ɪf ɪt fər səm gʊd ˈkoʊˈwərkərz æt maɪ pæst ʤɑbz, aɪ meɪ hæv ˈfɑlən ˈɪntu ðə ˌənɪnˈfɔrmd ˈwərkər pəˈzɪʃən, tu. ðə ˌsupərˈhiroʊ, nid ə break.”*.” ðə ˌsupərˈhiroʊ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔfən ɪkˈspɛkts ˈkoʊˈwərkərz tɪ nɑt teɪk breɪks ənd bi ˌsupərˈhiroʊz, tu. ˈɔfən jəŋ ər ˈmɑʧoʊ, ðə ˌsupərˈhiroʊ feɪlz tɪ si ðət wərk ɪz ə ˈlaɪˈflɔŋ ˌriˈæləˌti ənd ðət ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt wi məst rɪˈspɑnd ɛz ðoʊ ə ˈmɛrəˌθɑn ənd nɑt ə sprɪnt. ˈəðərˌwaɪz, wɪˈθaʊt ˈprɑpər kɛr, ɑr ˈbɑdiz breɪk daʊn ənd wɪn wi kip əp dɪˈskɑrdɪd fər ə ˈjəŋgər ˈwərkər. ʃʊr, wɪn aɪ wɑz ˈfɪfˈtin ənd æt maɪ fərst ʤɑb aɪ ʃɛrd ðə ˌsupərˈhiroʊ əˈpɪnjən. bət, jɪrz ˈleɪtər ənd wɪθ ðə əˌkjumjəˈleɪʃən əv ə ˈkəpəl ˈeɪlmənts ðət ɪnˈsud frəm ˈmænjuəl ˈleɪbər ʤɑbz, ˈwərkɪŋ 6 aʊər ˈstrɛʧɪz ɔn maɪ fit wɪˈθaʊt ə ʧæns tɪ sɪt daʊn, aɪ fɛlt ðə ˈvælju ðət breɪks prəˈvaɪdɪd. ˈsərtənli nɑt ˈhɔrsɪz, wi rɛst ɔn ɑr fit. ðə ˈnɪkəl , wɔnt tɪ klɑk aʊt, aɪ nid ðə wi wərk θru ɑr breɪks ənd ˈfɔrfɪt ðət ˈɛkstrə taɪm tɪ ðə ˈsælərid ˈmænɪʤmənt, ɑr ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti ˌɪnˈkrisɪz æt ə ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənɪt reɪt tɪ ɑr rɛst ənd ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ˈɔfən ðə bɔs gɪts əˈhɛd, sɛndz ˈjuˈɛs hoʊm ˈərli mɔr ɪgˈzɔstɪd ðɛn wi wʊd bi ɪf wi tʊk ɑr breɪks, ənd ˈifɛktɪvli ˈzɪroʊz aʊt ðə weɪʤ ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ˈwərkɪŋ θru ɑr breɪks. noʊ ˈstreɪnʤər tɪ ðə ˈnɪkəl ˈiðər. ə ril kənˈsərn. ˌnənðəˈlɛs, ðə ˈaʊˌtlʊk kənfˈjuzɪz ən ˈɪʃu əv ˈbɑdəli ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ wɪθ ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈwəri. waɪ nɑt ə peɪd lənʧ breɪk? æt ɑr ˌɪnˈfɔrməl ˈmitɪŋ, aɪ ʃɛrd maɪ ˈpərsɪnəl ˈrizənz fər ˈnidɪŋ ɔl əv maɪ breɪks. maɪ ˈkoʊˈwərkərz wər ˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk ənd ʃɛrd ðɛr oʊn ˈstɔriz ənd ˈrizənz fər nɑt ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛr breɪks, ɛz wɛl. wi ækˈnɑlɪʤd tu ˈmeɪʤər ˈɑbstəkəlz. fərst, wi fɛlt ənˈkəmfərtəbəl ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔl əv ɑr breɪks waɪl ɑr ˈkoʊˈwərkərz kɛpt ˈtrəʤɪŋ əˈlɔŋ θru ðə deɪ. noʊ wən ˈwɔntɪd tɪ lɛt ðɛr ˈkoʊˈwərkərz daʊn ər sim laɪk ðeɪ wər ɪˈveɪdɪŋ wərk. wi ˈoʊvərˈkeɪm ðɪs ˈbɛriər baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə pækt tɪ səˈpɔrt ənd ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈɛvriˌwən tɪ teɪk ðɛr fʊl breɪks. ðə ˈifɛkt ðɪs ˈspoʊkən ækˈnɑlɪʤmənt ənd səˈpɔrt hæd ɔn iʧ əv ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ teɪk ɑr breɪks kən nɑt bi ˈəndərˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd. ɑr ˈsɛkənd ˈɑbstəkəl ˌɪnˈvɑlvd haʊ ˈbɪzi ənd ˈoʊvərˌloʊdɪd wi fɛlt æt wərk. wi dɪˈtərmənd ðə tru ˈrizən fər ˈjuˈɛs biɪŋ tu ˈbɪzi ənd ˈoʊvərˌloʊdɪd wɑz bɪˈkəz ˈmænɪʤmənt wɑz tu ʧip tɪ ˈskɛʤʊl ə ˈwərkər. ə wʊd əˈlaʊ ˈɛvriˌwən tɪ teɪk ˈskɛʤʊld breɪks, prəˈvaɪd ˈbæˌkəp ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈbɪzi ˈrəʃɪz, ənd rɪˈzəlt ɪn ə ˈmɪnəməl ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈleɪbər kɔst. ɑr nid fər ə wɑz ən ɔn goʊɪŋ ˈɪʃu lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr wi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt breɪks. wi dɪˈskəst haʊ baɪ ˈwərkɪŋ θru ɑr breɪks wi ˈoʊnli ˈboʊlstərd keɪs fər nɑt ˈnidɪŋ ə ənd ðət ɪf wi ɔl tʊk ɑr breɪks ðə nid fər ə wʊd bɪˈkəm ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli əˈpɛrənt. wi ˈoʊvərˈkeɪm ðɪs ˈbɛriər baɪ ˌriəˈfərmɪŋ ɑr breɪk raɪts ˈəndər ðə lɔ ənd kəˈmɪtɪŋ tɪ səˈpɔrt ˈɛniˌwən ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛr breɪk rəˈgɑrdləs əv haʊ ˈbɪzi ər bɪˈhaɪnd ɔn ðə ˈkloʊzɪŋ tæsks wi wər. ɪn ðə wiks ðət ˈfɑloʊd, aɪ ˈgræʤuəli bɪˈgæn ˈteɪkɪŋ iʧ əv maɪ breɪks wɪθ ðə fʊl səˈpɔrt əv maɪ ˈkoʊˈwərkərz. aɪ ˈlɪtərəli fɛlt frid, ɛz ðoʊ aɪ hæd ˈteɪkən kənˈtroʊl əv maɪ wərk deɪ. ðɪs ˈɪnstənt ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪn maɪ ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən ənd məræl bɪˈkeɪm əˈpɛrənt tɪ boʊθ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd ˈkoʊˈwərkərz. ˈgræʤuəli, co-workers’*’ ˈhɛzɪtənsi bɪˈgæn tɪ ɪˈvæpərˌeɪt ɛz ðeɪ tu bɪˈgæn ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛr breɪks. ɑr ˌɪnˈfɔrməl ˈsɪstəm wɑz soʊ dɪˈvɛləpt ðət wɪn ə nu ˈkoʊˈwərkər wɑz haɪərd ðət mənθ, ʃi tu bɪˈgæn tɪ teɪk hər fʊl breɪks. ɪt wɑz ˌənəˈvɔɪdəbəl fər ˈwərkərz ɪn ˈəðər dɪˈpɑrtmənts ənd ˈsəbstəˌtuts frəm ˈəðər loʊˈkeɪʃənz tɪ ˈnoʊtɪs ɑr əˈdɪʃənəl breɪks, ənd ðeɪ sun bɪˈgæn ˈæskɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs əˈbaʊt ðɛm. ˈivɪn ɑr ˈmænɪʤər bɪˈgæn ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔl ðə seɪm breɪks wi dɪd! wət wi əˈʧivd təˈgɛðər wɑz ə dɪˈfaɪnəbəl ʤɑb kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ ˈvɪktəri ðət ˌɪmˈpruvd ɑr ˈdeɪtuˌdeɪ lɪvz, ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə nu ˈstændərd fər nu ˈkoʊˈwərkərz, ənd ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ə ˈfilɪŋ əv ɪmˈpaʊərmənt ənd ˈkɑnfədɛns ðət wɑz ˈpriviəsli ˈæbsənt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛr ɪz ˈplɛnti əv wərk lɛft tɪ du. nɑt ˈɛvəri ˈkoʊˈwərkər teɪks ˈɛvəri wən əv ðɛr breɪks ˈɛvəri deɪ. səˈpɔrt ənd ɛnˈkərɪʤmənt ər ˈnidɪd ˈdeɪli tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðə ˈpræktɪs æt ɑr ˈwərkˌpleɪs. ɪf ðɪs ˈsɪstəm ɪz tɪ kənˈtɪnju ənd sərˈvaɪv ðə ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl ˈʧælənʤɪz frəm ˈmænɪʤmənt, ˈgreɪtər ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv ðə nɛkst fju jɪrz, wi səkˈsidɪd ɪn ˈɛndɪŋ ðə ˈpræktɪs əv ə blæk aʊt ˈpɪriəd fər breɪks, ˈoʊnli tɪ hæv ɪt rɪˈtərn ˈleɪtər, ənd ðɛn bi ˈɛndɪd əˈgɛn. ˈrəðər ðən ˈlʊkɪŋ aʊt fər ɑr ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ, ˈmænɪʤmənt kənˈtɪnjud tɪ traɪ tɪ dɪsˈweɪd ˈjuˈɛs frəm ˈteɪkɪŋ breɪks baɪ ˈsteɪtɪŋ ðət ɪt wɑz ɑr ““prerogative”*” ˈwɛðər ər nɑt wi tʊk breɪks ənd tɪ seɪ ðət ˈɪndəstri ˈstændərd ðət breɪks ˈgɪvɪn. æt ˈəðər taɪmz, ˈmænɪʤmənt wɑz mɔr nuɑnst. wɪn ɪmˈplɔɪiz ɪn əˈnəðər dɪˈpɑrtmənt æt əˈnəðər loʊˈkeɪʃən bɪˈgæn ˈteɪkɪŋ breɪks, ðə ˈmænɪʤər fərst rɪˈzɪstɪd ðɛn ““researched”*” ðə ˈɪʃu tɪ faɪnd ðə seɪm ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wi dɪd: ðət wi biɪŋ ˈgɪvɪn ɔl ðə breɪks rikˈwaɪərd baɪ lɔ. ðə ˈmænɪʤər ðɛn ˈkræftɪd ə breɪk ˈskɛʤʊl ənd tʊk ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp əv ðə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˈpɑləsi. bət, ɪf ɪt fər ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl wi sɛt ɪn ɑr dɪˈpɑrtmənt ər ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns ðoʊz ˈwərkərz hæd waɪl ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ɑr dɪˈpɑrtmənt wɪʧ ðeɪ tʊk tɪ ˈəðər loʊˈkeɪʃənz, ðoʊz ˈwərkərz wʊd ˈlaɪkli stɪl nɑt hæv ðɛr rikˈwaɪərd breɪks. ɑr ɪkˈspɪriəns əv ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈækʃən tɪ teɪk ɑr breɪks rɪˈvilz haʊ wi kən meɪk ˌɪmˈpruvmənts tɪ ɑr ˈdeɪtuˌdeɪ laɪf θru dɪˈrɛkt kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər. ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər haʊ wi kən meɪk ˈfərðər ˌɪmˈpruvmənts tɪ ɑr wərk lɪvz θru kəˈlɛktɪv ˈækʃən. ərˈɪʤənəli ˈpoʊstɪd: ˌʤuˈlaɪ 5 2013 æt |
in october 2009 peter laird sold the turtles to viacom , the parent company of nickelodeon . at 2011, it was announced that publishing had secured the rights to publish a new series and reprint the older comics.
after conceiving the turtles' mentor as a rat who had come from japan and was a ninja master, eastman and laird thought of giving the turtles japanese names, but as laird explained, "we couldn't think of japanese names". instead they went with renaissance artists, and picked the four they were most familiar with, with the help of copy of history of art . [1] [4]
the turtles' origin contained direct allusions to daredevil : the traffic accident between a blind man and a truck carrying radioactive ooze, a reference to own story, (indeed in the version told in the first issue, splinter sees the canister strike a boy's face). the name " splinter " also parodied mentor, a man known as " stick ." the foot , a clan of evil ninjas who became the turtles' arch-enemies, likens to the hand , who were a mysterious and deadly ninja clan in the pages of daredevil . [1]
the concept originated from a comical drawing sketched out by kevin eastman during a casual evening of brainstorming with his friend peter laird. the drawing of a short, squat turtle wearing a mask with strapped to its arms was humorous to the young artists, as it played upon the inherent contradiction of a slow, cold-blooded reptile with the speed and agility of japanese martial arts . laird suggested that they create a team of four such turtles, each specializing in a different weapon. [1] eastman and laird often cited the work of frank miller and jack kirby as their major artistic influences. [2]
volume 1: edit
the first issue of teenage mutant ninja turtles was advertised in issues #1 and #2 of eastman and 1984 comic, gobbledygook, in addition to the comics buyer's guide, issue 545. the full page advertisement in helped gain the attention of retailers and their early sales. because of the's newspaper format, many were disposed of, making it a highly collector's item today. the book premiered in may 1984 at a comic book convention in portsmouth, new hampshire. it was printed in an oversized, format using black and white artwork on cheap newsprint and had a print run of only copies. it was a period of intense speculation in comic book investment, with especially strong interest in black and white comics from independent companies. the first printings of the original comics had small print runs that made them instant collector items. within months, the books were trading at prices over 50 times their cover price.
the success also led to a black and white comics boom in the needed] wherein other small publishers put out parody books hoping to make a quick profit. among them, the adolescent radioactive black belt hamsters, the kung fu kangaroos, the adult thermonuclear samurai elephants, and the karate were obvious parodies of. most of them were sold to comic shops in large numbers, but failed to catch on with readers. this speculation led to financial problems with both comic shops and distributors, contributing to a sales collapse in.
the "return to new york" story arc concluded in the spring of 1989 and by this time the ninja turtles phenomenon was well established in other media. eastman and laird then found themselves administrating an international merchandising juggernaut, overseeing a wide array of licensing deals. this prevented the two creators from participating in the day-to-day work of writing and illustrating a monthly comic book. for this reason, many guest artists were invited to showcase their unique talents in the universe. the breadth of diversity found in the various short stories had the adverse effect of somewhat disrupting continuity and gave the series a disjointed, feel. some of these artists, including michael dooney, eric talbot, a.c. farley, ryan brown, steve lavigne, steve murphy, and jim lawson, continued to work with mirage studios for years to come.
issue #45 kicked off a major turning point, as mirage made a concerted effort to return the series to continuity. a story arc entitled "city at war" began with issue #50, which was the first issue to be completely written and illustrated by both eastman and laird since issue #11. both "city at war," and volume 1 concluded with the publication of issue #62 in august 1993.
volume 2: edit
mirage studios launched volume 2 with much fanfare in october 1993, as a series that maintained the continuity of the first volume. written and illustrated by jim lawson, the series lasted only thirteen issues before ceasing publication in october 1995. the cancellation was due to declining popularity and lagging sales as well as a flood at mirage studios.
volume 3: edit
volume 3, issue #10. cover art by frank fosco and erik larsen
erik larsen came to the series in june 1996, with the publication of a third volume under the image comics banner. the 23 issues were written by gary carlson and drawn by frank fosco, and marked the return to black and white artwork. this volume was notable for having a faster pace and more intense action while inflicting major physical changes on the turtles themselves; leonardo losing a hand, face being scarred, splinter becoming a bat, and becoming a cyborg. in a startling plot twist,ael even took on the identity of the shredder and assumed leadership of the foot. with volume 3, the turtles were incorporated into the image universe, which provided opportunities for a few and guest appearances by characters from the savage dragon series.
the series ceased publication in 1999, and it was no longer considered part of the "official" canon due, in part, to a lack of desire by peter laird to follow up material with which he was not directly involved nor fully approved. depiction as the shredder however, was referenced in an episode of the third season of the 2003 animated series, "the darkness within", where was exposed to his fear of giving into anger and becoming the very thing he hated.
after its untimely cancellation, the series remained in publication limbo for nearly two decades, with no reprints or collected volumes. in 2018, publishing (the company at that time to publish their own comic series) announced their intention to reproduce the existing 23 issues in a colored version, as well as officially conclude the image series with a final story arc, with carlson and fosco again taking part in this]
volume 4: edit
peter laird and jim lawson brought the turtles back to their roots with the in december 2001 and popularity began to grow back. published bi-monthly, the series took the opportunity to correct a persistent error: since the first issue of volume 1, michelangelo's name had been misspelled as "michaelangelo." it is now spelled correctly, consistent with his renaissance namesake michelangelo buonarroti.
picking up fifteen years after the conclusion of volume 2 (and omitting the events of volume 3), the turtles, now in their early thirties, are living together in their sewer lair beneath new york city. april and casey have been married for some time and remain in contact with the turtles from their nearby apartment. splinter continues to live at the northampton farmhouse, where he has become a "grandfather" of sorts to casey's teenage daughter, shadow. the return to earth in a very public arrival, subsequently establishing a peaceful base in upper new york bay. since the arrival, aliens and other bizarre life-forms, like the turtles have become more accepted within society. no longer forced to live in hiding, the turtles can now roam freely among the world of humans, albeit under the guise of being aliens.
the series continued until the acquisition of the franchise by viacom in 2009. as part of the sale, peter laird was allowed to continue volume 4, but issues were released sporadically, as they had been in the months before the sale. issue no. 31 was originally released as an online comic only, while issue no. 32 was released for the 2014 free comic book day, almost 4 years after issue no. 31 was released on line. issue no. 31 was released in print for the first time for free comic book day 2015. mirage retains the rights to publish 18 issues a year, though the future involvement of mirage with the turtles, and the future of mirage itself, is unknown, and it is unknown if or when laird will continue the series. | ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 2009 ˈpitər lɛrd soʊld ðə ˈtərtəlz tɪ ˈvaɪəkɑm ðə ˈpɛrənt ˈkəmpəˌni əv ˌnɪkɪˈloʊdiən æt 2011 ɪt wɑz əˈnaʊnst ðət ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ hæd sɪˈkjʊrd ðə raɪts tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ ə nu ˈsɪriz ənd riˈprɪnt ðə ˈoʊldər ˈkɑmɪks. ˈæftər kənˈsivɪŋ ðə ˈtərtəlz' ˈmɛnˌtɔr ɛz ə ræt hu hæd kəm frəm ʤəˈpæn ənd wɑz ə ˈnɪnʤə ˈmæstər, ˈistmən ənd lɛrd θɔt əv ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə ˈtərtəlz ˌʤæpəˈniz neɪmz, bət ɛz lɛrd ɪkˈspleɪnd, "wi ˈkʊdənt θɪŋk əv ˌʤæpəˈniz neɪmz". ˌɪnˈstɛd ðeɪ wɛnt wɪθ ˌrɛnəˈsɑns ˈɑrtɪsts, ənd pɪkt ðə fɔr ðeɪ wər moʊst fəˈmɪljər wɪθ, wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ˈkɑpi əv ˈhɪstəri əv ɑrt 1 4 ðə ˈtərtəlz' ˈɔrəʤən kənˈteɪnd dɪˈrɛkt əˈluʒənz tɪ ˈdɛrˌdɛvəl ðə ˈtræfɪk ˈæksədənt bɪtˈwin ə blaɪnd mæn ənd ə trək ˈkɛriɪŋ ˌreɪdioʊˈæktɪv uz, ə ˈrɛfərəns tɪ oʊn ˈstɔri, (ˌɪnˈdid ɪn ðə ˈvərʒən toʊld ɪn ðə fərst ˈɪʃu, ˈsplɪntər siz ðə ˈkænɪstər straɪk ə bɔɪz feɪs). ðə neɪm ˈsplɪntər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɛrədid ˈmɛnˌtɔr, ə mæn noʊn ɛz stɪk ðə fʊt ə klæn əv ˈivəl ˈnɪnʤəz hu bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈtərtəlz' arch-enemies*, ˈlaɪkənz tɪ ðə hænd hu wər ə mɪˈstɪriəs ənd ˈdɛdli ˈnɪnʤə klæn ɪn ðə ˈpeɪʤɪz əv ˈdɛrˌdɛvəl 1 ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd frəm ə ˈkɑmɪkəl drɔɪŋ skɛʧt aʊt baɪ ˈkɛvɪn ˈistmən ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈkæʒəwəl ˈivnɪŋ əv ˈbreɪnˌstɔrmɪŋ wɪθ hɪz frɛnd ˈpitər lɛrd. ðə drɔɪŋ əv ə ʃɔrt, skwɑt ˈtərtəl ˈwɛrɪŋ ə mæsk wɪθ stræpt tɪ ɪts ɑrmz wɑz ˈhjumərəs tɪ ðə jəŋ ˈɑrtɪsts, ɛz ɪt pleɪd əˈpɑn ðə ˌɪnˈhɛrənt ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkʃən əv ə sloʊ, ˈkoʊldˈblədəd ˈrɛptaɪl wɪθ ðə spid ənd əˈʤɪləti əv ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈmɑrʃəl ɑrts lɛrd səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðeɪ kriˈeɪt ə tim əv fɔr səʧ ˈtərtəlz, iʧ ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪŋ ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈwɛpən. 1 ˈistmən ənd lɛrd ˈɔfən ˈsaɪtɪd ðə wərk əv fræŋk ˈmɪlər ənd ʤæk ˈkərbi ɛz ðɛr ˈmeɪʤər ɑrˈtɪstɪk ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz. 2 ˈvɑljum 1 ˈɛdət ðə fərst ˈɪʃu əv ˈtiˌneɪʤ mˈjutənt ˈnɪnʤə ˈtərtəlz wɑz ˌædvərˈtaɪzd ɪn ˈɪʃuz 1 ənd 2 əv ˈistmən ənd 1984 ˈkɑmɪk, ˌgɑbəldiˈgʊk, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈkɑmɪks baɪərz gaɪd, ˈɪʃu 545 ðə fʊl peɪʤ ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ɪn hɛlpt geɪn ðə əˈtɛnʃən əv ˈriˌteɪlərz ənd ðɛr ˈərli seɪlz. bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˈfɔrˌmæt, ˈmɛni wər dɪˈspoʊzd əv, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ə ˈhaɪli kəˈlɛktərz ˈaɪtəm təˈdeɪ. ðə bʊk prɛˈmɪrd ɪn meɪ 1984 æt ə ˈkɑmɪk bʊk kənˈvɛnʃən ɪn ˈpɔrtsməθ, nu ˈhæmʃər. ɪt wɑz ˈprɪnɪd ɪn ən ˈoʊvərˌsaɪzd, ˈfɔrˌmæt ˈjuzɪŋ blæk ənd waɪt ˈɑrtˌwərk ɔn ʧip ˈnuzˌprɪnt ənd hæd ə prɪnt rən əv ˈoʊnli ˈkɑpiz. ɪt wɑz ə ˈpɪriəd əv ˌɪnˈtɛns ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən ɪn ˈkɑmɪk bʊk ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt, wɪθ əˈspɛʃəli strɔŋ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn blæk ənd waɪt ˈkɑmɪks frəm ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈkəmpəˌniz. ðə fərst ˈprɪnɪŋz əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈkɑmɪks hæd smɔl prɪnt rənz ðət meɪd ðɛm ˈɪnstənt kəˈlɛktər ˈaɪtəmz. wɪˈθɪn mənθs, ðə bʊks wər ˈtreɪdɪŋ æt ˈpraɪsɪz ˈoʊvər 50 taɪmz ðɛr ˈkəvər praɪs. ðə səkˈsɛs ˈɔlsoʊ lɛd tɪ ə blæk ənd waɪt ˈkɑmɪks bum ɪn ðə ˈnidɪd] wɛˈrɪn ˈəðər smɔl ˈpəblɪʃərz pʊt aʊt ˈpɛrədi bʊks ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ meɪk ə kwɪk ˈprɑfɪt. əˈməŋ ðɛm, ðə ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˌreɪdioʊˈæktɪv blæk bɛlt ˈhæmstərz, ðə kəŋ fu ˌkæŋgərˈuz, ðə ˈædəlt ˌθərmoʊˈnukliər ˈsæmʊˌraɪ ˈɛləfənts, ənd ðə kərˈɑti wər ˈɑbviəs ˈpɛrədiz əv. moʊst əv ðɛm wər soʊld tɪ ˈkɑmɪk ʃɑps ɪn lɑrʤ ˈnəmbərz, bət feɪld tɪ kæʧ ɔn wɪθ ˈridərz. ðɪs ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən lɛd tɪ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ boʊθ ˈkɑmɪk ʃɑps ənd dɪˈstrɪbjətərz, kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ tɪ ə seɪlz kəˈlæps ɪn ðə "rɪˈtərn tɪ nu jɔrk" ˈstɔri ɑrk kənˈkludɪd ɪn ðə spərɪŋ əv 1989 ənd baɪ ðɪs taɪm ðə ˈnɪnʤə ˈtərtəlz fəˈnɑməˌnɑn wɑz wɛl ɪˈstæblɪʃt ɪn ˈəðər ˈmidiə. ˈistmən ənd lɛrd ðɛn faʊnd ðɛmˈsɛlvz ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪŋ ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmərʧənˌdaɪzɪŋ ˈʤəgərˌnɔt, ˈoʊvərˌsiɪŋ ə waɪd əreɪ əv ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ dilz. ðɪs prɪˈvɛnɪd ðə tu kriˈeɪtərz frəm pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈdeɪtuˌdeɪ wərk əv ˈraɪtɪŋ ənd ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪŋ ə ˈmənθli ˈkɑmɪk bʊk. fər ðɪs ˈrizən, ˈmɛni gɛst ˈɑrtɪsts wər ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd tɪ ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs ðɛr juˈnik ˈtælənts ɪn ðə ˈjunəˌvərs. ðə brɛdθ əv dɪˈvərsɪti faʊnd ɪn ðə ˈvɛriəs ʃɔrt ˈstɔriz hæd ðə ˌædˈvərs ˈifɛkt əv ˈsəmˈwət dɪsˈrəptɪŋ ˌkɑntəˈnuəti ənd geɪv ðə ˈsɪriz ə dɪsˈʤɔɪntɪd, fil. səm əv ðiz ˈɑrtɪsts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmaɪkəl dooney*, ˈɛrɪk ˈtælbət, a.c*. ˈfɑrli, raɪən braʊn, stiv ləˈvɪnj, stiv ˈmərfi, ənd ʤɪm ˈlɔsən, kənˈtɪnjud tɪ wərk wɪθ mərɑʒ ˈstudiˌoʊz fər jɪrz tɪ kəm. ˈɪʃu 45 kɪkt ɔf ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈtərnɪŋ pɔɪnt, ɛz mərɑʒ meɪd ə kənˈsərtɪd ˈɛfərt tɪ rɪˈtərn ðə ˈsɪriz tɪ ˌkɑntəˈnuəti. ə ˈstɔri ɑrk ɛnˈtaɪtəld "ˈsɪti æt wɔr" bɪˈgæn wɪθ ˈɪʃu 50 wɪʧ wɑz ðə fərst ˈɪʃu tɪ bi kəmˈplitli ˈrɪtən ənd ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd baɪ boʊθ ˈistmən ənd lɛrd sɪns ˈɪʃu 11 boʊθ "ˈsɪti æt wɔr," ənd ˈvɑljum 1 kənˈkludɪd wɪθ ðə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən əv ˈɪʃu 62 ɪn ˈɔgəst 1993 ˈvɑljum 2 ˈɛdət mərɑʒ ˈstudiˌoʊz lɔnʧt ˈvɑljum 2 wɪθ məʧ ˈfænˌfɛr ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 1993 ɛz ə ˈsɪriz ðət meɪnˈteɪnd ðə ˌkɑntəˈnuəti əv ðə fərst ˈvɑljum. ˈrɪtən ənd ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd baɪ ʤɪm ˈlɔsən, ðə ˈsɪriz ˈlæstɪd ˈoʊnli ˈθərˈtin ˈɪʃuz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsisɪŋ ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 1995 ðə ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən wɑz du tɪ dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti ənd ˈlægɪŋ seɪlz ɛz wɛl ɛz ə fləd æt mərɑʒ ˈstudiˌoʊz. ˈvɑljum 3 ˈɛdət ˈvɑljum 3 ˈɪʃu 10 ˈkəvər ɑrt baɪ fræŋk ˈfɑskoʊ ənd ˈɛrɪk ˈlɑrsən ˈɛrɪk ˈlɑrsən keɪm tɪ ðə ˈsɪriz ɪn ʤun 1996 wɪθ ðə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən əv ə θərd ˈvɑljum ˈəndər ðə ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑmɪks ˈbænər. ðə 23 ˈɪʃuz wər ˈrɪtən baɪ ˈgɛri ˈkɑrlsən ənd drɔn baɪ fræŋk ˈfɑskoʊ, ənd mɑrkt ðə rɪˈtərn tɪ blæk ənd waɪt ˈɑrtˌwərk. ðɪs ˈvɑljum wɑz ˈnoʊtəbəl fər ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈfæstər peɪs ənd mɔr ˌɪnˈtɛns ˈækʃən waɪl ˌɪnˈflɪktɪŋ ˈmeɪʤər ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɔn ðə ˈtərtəlz ðɛmˈsɛlvz; ˌliəˈnɑrdoʊ ˈluzɪŋ ə hænd, feɪs biɪŋ skɑrd, ˈsplɪntər bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə bæt, ənd bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə ˈsaɪbɔrg. ɪn ə ˈstɑrtlɪŋ plɑt twɪst, ˌrɑfˈjɛl ˈivɪn tʊk ɔn ðə aɪˈdɛntəˌti əv ðə ʃˈrɛdər ənd əˈsumd ˈlidərˌʃɪp əv ðə fʊt. wɪθ ˈvɑljum 3 ðə ˈtərtəlz wər ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ˈɪntu ðə ˈɪmɪʤ ˈjunəˌvərs, wɪʧ prəˈvaɪdɪd ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ə fju ənd gɛst əˈpɪrənsəz baɪ ˈkɛrɪktərz frəm ðə ˈsævɪʤ ˈdrægən ˈsɪriz. ðə ˈsɪriz sist ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən ɪn 1999 ənd ɪt wɑz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər kənˈsɪdərd pɑrt əv ðə "əˈfɪʃəl" ˈkænən du, ɪn pɑrt, tɪ ə læk əv dɪˈzaɪər baɪ ˈpitər lɛrd tɪ ˈfɑloʊ əp məˈtɪriəl wɪθ wɪʧ hi wɑz nɑt dɪˈrɛkli ˌɪnˈvɑlvd nɔr ˈfʊli əˈpruvd. dɪˈpɪkʃən ɛz ðə ʃˈrɛdər ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɑz ˈrɛfərənst ɪn ən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd əv ðə θərd ˈsizən əv ðə 2003 ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ˈsɪriz, "ðə ˈdɑrknəs wɪˈθɪn", wɛr wɑz ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ hɪz fɪr əv ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈæŋgər ənd bɪˈkəmɪŋ ðə ˈvɛri θɪŋ hi ˈheɪtɪd. ˈæftər ɪts ənˈtaɪmli ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən, ðə ˈsɪriz rɪˈmeɪnd ɪn ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən ˈlɪmboʊ fər ˈnɪrli tu ˈdɛkeɪdz, wɪθ noʊ riˈprɪnts ər kəˈlɛktəd ˈvɑljumz. ɪn 2018 ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ (ðə ˈkəmpəˌni æt ðət taɪm tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ ðɛr oʊn ˈkɑmɪk ˈsɪriz) əˈnaʊnst ðɛr ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən tɪ ˌriprəˈdus ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ 23 ˈɪʃuz ɪn ə ˈkələrd ˈvərʒən, ɛz wɛl ɛz əˈfɪʃəli kənˈklud ðə ˈɪmɪʤ ˈsɪriz wɪθ ə ˈfaɪnəl ˈstɔri ɑrk, wɪθ ˈkɑrlsən ənd ˈfɑskoʊ əˈgɛn ˈteɪkɪŋ pɑrt ɪn ðɪs ˈvɑljum 4 ˈɛdət ˈpitər lɛrd ənd ʤɪm ˈlɔsən brɔt ðə ˈtərtəlz bæk tɪ ðɛr ruts wɪθ ðə ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2001 ənd ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti bɪˈgæn tɪ groʊ bæk. ˈpəblɪʃt bi-monthly*, ðə ˈsɪriz tʊk ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ kərˈɛkt ə pərˈsɪstənt ˈɛrər: sɪns ðə fərst ˈɪʃu əv ˈvɑljum 1 ˌmɪkəˈlænʤəˌloʊz neɪm hæd bɪn mɪˈspɛld ɛz "michaelangelo*." ɪt ɪz naʊ spɛld kərˈɛktli, kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ hɪz ˌrɛnəˈsɑns ˈneɪmˌseɪk ˌmɪkəˈlænʤəˌloʊ buonarroti*. ˈpɪkɪŋ əp ˈfɪfˈtin jɪrz ˈæftər ðə kənˈkluʒən əv ˈvɑljum 2 (ənd oʊˈmɪtɪŋ ðə ɪˈvɛnts əv ˈvɑljum 3 ðə ˈtərtəlz, naʊ ɪn ðɛr ˈərli ˈθərtiz, ər ˈlɪvɪŋ təˈgɛðər ɪn ðɛr suər lɛr bɪˈniθ nu jɔrk ˈsɪti. ˈeɪprəl ənd ˈkeɪsi hæv bɪn ˈmɛrid fər səm taɪm ənd rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðə ˈtərtəlz frəm ðɛr ˈnɪrˈbaɪ əˈpɑrtmənt. ˈsplɪntər kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ lɪv æt ðə ˌnɔrˈθæmptən ˈfɑrmˌhaʊs, wɛr hi həz bɪˈkəm ə "ˈgrænˌfɑðər" əv sɔrts tɪ ˈkeɪsiz ˈtiˌneɪʤ ˈdɔtər, ˈʃæˌdoʊ. ðə rɪˈtərn tɪ ərθ ɪn ə ˈvɛri ˈpəblɪk ərˈaɪvəl, ˈsəbsəkwəntli ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ə ˈpisfəl beɪs ɪn ˈəpər nu jɔrk beɪ. sɪns ðə ərˈaɪvəl, ˈeɪliənz ənd ˈəðər bɪˈzɑr life-forms*, laɪk ðə ˈtərtəlz hæv bɪˈkəm mɔr ækˈsɛptɪd wɪˈθɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti. noʊ ˈlɔŋgər fɔrst tɪ lɪv ɪn ˈhaɪdɪŋ, ðə ˈtərtəlz kən naʊ roʊm ˈfrili əˈməŋ ðə wərld əv ˈjumənz, ɔlˈbiɪt ˈəndər ðə gaɪz əv biɪŋ ˈeɪliənz. ðə ˈsɪriz kənˈtɪnjud ənˈtɪl ðə ˌækwəˈzɪʃən əv ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz baɪ ˈvaɪəkɑm ɪn 2009 ɛz pɑrt əv ðə seɪl, ˈpitər lɛrd wɑz əˈlaʊd tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈvɑljum 4 bət ˈɪʃuz wər riˈlist spərˈædɪkli, ɛz ðeɪ hæd bɪn ɪn ðə mənθs ˌbiˈfɔr ðə seɪl. ˈɪʃu noʊ. 31 wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli riˈlist ɛz ən ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈkɑmɪk ˈoʊnli, waɪl ˈɪʃu noʊ. 32 wɑz riˈlist fər ðə 2014 fri ˈkɑmɪk bʊk deɪ, ˈɔlˌmoʊst 4 jɪrz ˈæftər ˈɪʃu noʊ. 31 wɑz riˈlist ɔn laɪn. ˈɪʃu noʊ. 31 wɑz riˈlist ɪn prɪnt fər ðə fərst taɪm fər fri ˈkɑmɪk bʊk deɪ 2015 mərɑʒ rɪˈteɪnz ðə raɪts tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ 18 ˈɪʃuz ə jɪr, ðoʊ ðə fˈjuʧər ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt əv mərɑʒ wɪθ ðə ˈtərtəlz, ənd ðə fˈjuʧər əv mərɑʒ ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ɪz ənˈnoʊn, ənd ɪt ɪz ənˈnoʊn ɪf ər wɪn lɛrd wɪl kənˈtɪnju ðə ˈsɪriz. |
on thusday, the same day that former fbi agent clint watts testified to the senate intelligence committee that russian intelligence targeted the republican primary campaigns of sens. marco rubio of florida and ted cruz of texas, rubio himself discussed how both his campaign and senate office had staved off russian hackers.
"in july 2016, shortly after i announced that i would seek reelection to the united states senate, former members of my presidential campaign team who had access to the internal information of my presidential campaign were targeted by ip addresses with an unknown location within russia. that effort was unsuccessful," rubio told the senate.
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he added, "i would also inform the committee within the last 24 hours, at a.m. yesterday, a second attempt was made, again, against former members of my presidential campaign team who had access to our internal information again targeted from an ip address from an unknown location in russia. and that effort was also unsuccessful."
watts himself later said during this hearing that rubio had not been alone among the russian government's alleged recent targets.
"this past week we observed social media campaigns targeting speaker of the house paul ryan hoping to foment further unrest amongst u.s. democratic institutions," watts said.
rubio's disclosure sheds new light on his comments in october, when he warned his fellow republicans against trying to make political hay out of wikileaks' revelations regarding hillary clinton's emails. after denouncing the hacks as "an effort by a foreign government to interfere with our electoral process," rubio said that "i want to warn my fellow republicans who may want to capitalize politically on these leaks: today it is the democrats. tomorrow it could be us." | ɔn thusday*, ðə seɪm deɪ ðət ˈfɔrmər ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈeɪʤənt klɪnt wɑts ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd tɪ ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəˈmɪti ðət ˈrəʃən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈtɑrgətɪd ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpraɪˌmɛri kæmˈpeɪnz əv sɛnz. ˈmɑrkoʊ ˈrubioʊ əv ˈflɔrɪdə ənd tɛd kruz əv ˈtɛksəs, ˈrubioʊ hɪmˈsɛlf dɪˈskəst haʊ boʊθ hɪz kæmˈpeɪn ənd ˈsɛnɪt ˈɔfəs hæd steɪvd ɔf ˈrəʃən ˈhækərz. "ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2016 ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər aɪ əˈnaʊnst ðət aɪ wʊd sik riɪˈlɛkʃən tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈsɛnɪt, ˈfɔrmər ˈmɛmbərz əv maɪ ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn tim hu hæd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əv maɪ ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn wər ˈtɑrgətɪd baɪ ˌaɪˌpi ˈæˈdrɛsɪz wɪθ ən ənˈnoʊn loʊˈkeɪʃən wɪˈθɪn ˈrəʃə. ðət ˈɛfərt wɑz ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəl," ˈrubioʊ toʊld ðə ˈsɛnɪt. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt: hi ˈædɪd, "aɪ wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈfɔrm ðə kəˈmɪti wɪˈθɪn ðə læst 24 aʊərz, æt a.m*. ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ, ə ˈsɛkənd əˈtɛmpt wɑz meɪd, əˈgɛn, əˈgɛnst ˈfɔrmər ˈmɛmbərz əv maɪ ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn tim hu hæd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ɑr ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈgɛn ˈtɑrgətɪd frəm ən ˌaɪˌpi ˈæˌdrɛs frəm ən ənˈnoʊn loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪn ˈrəʃə. ənd ðət ˈɛfərt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəl." wɑts hɪmˈsɛlf ˈleɪtər sɛd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˈhirɪŋ ðət ˈrubioʊ hæd nɑt bɪn əˈloʊn əˈməŋ ðə ˈrəʃən ˈgəvərnmənts əˈlɛʤd ˈrisənt ˈtɑrgəts. "ðɪs pæst wik wi əbˈzərvd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə kæmˈpeɪnz ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈspikər əv ðə haʊs pɔl raɪən ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ ˈfoʊmɛnt ˈfərðər ənˈrɛst əˈməŋst juz. ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz," wɑts sɛd. dɪˈskloʊʒər ʃɛdz nu laɪt ɔn hɪz ˈkɑmɛnts ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər, wɪn hi wɔrnd hɪz ˈfɛloʊ rɪˈpəblɪkənz əˈgɛnst traɪɪŋ tɪ meɪk pəˈlɪtɪkəl heɪ aʊt əv wikileaks*' ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntənz iˈmeɪlz. ˈæftər dɪˈnaʊnsɪŋ ðə hæks ɛz "ən ˈɛfərt baɪ ə ˈfɔrən ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ˌɪnərˈfɪr wɪθ ɑr ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈprɔˌsɛs," ˈrubioʊ sɛd ðət "aɪ wɔnt tɪ wɔrn maɪ ˈfɛloʊ rɪˈpəblɪkənz hu meɪ wɔnt tɪ ˈkæpətəˌlaɪz ˈplɪtɪkli ɔn ðiz liks: təˈdeɪ ɪt ɪz ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts. təˈmɑˌroʊ ɪt kʊd bi ˈjuˈɛs." |
hey language learner: a short story for you
jeremy blocked follow following sep 23, 2015
there are two people. the first person has lived on an apple farm their whole life and the second person has lived and stayed in the city since birth. the first has seen, in immense detail, how the trees grow from seed, to sapling, to tree, to fruit, and back to seed again. the second has only really seen the fruit, perhaps a seed that has fallen out here and there. a lifetime of only observing the fruits of others’ labor has left a lasting effect on the second. all about results. and with no knowledge of the process behind those results, inevitably it seems quite easy. but one day, the second takes a bite out of an apple and a seed falls to the ground. that seed becomes an idea. “i’m going to grow an apple tree of my own!” the second says.
a month later, after finding a nice apple farm outside the city, the second meets the first and they begin talking about apple trees.
“this be that hard,” says the second, referring to the process of making apples, “i have plenty of seeds right here, i just have to put them in the ground and let them grow!”
with a small half smile the first says, “it makes sense that you would see it that way, having lived in the city your whole life, only ever seeing the fruits of others’ labor. but i assure you, it is nowhere near that simple.”
the second quickly responded, “what do you mean? i guess right, there must be other things you have to do. watering and stuff… right?”
“yes. there are many more things to do actually, more than just watering. one must plant the seeds at the proper depth, or they will die before becoming saplings. one must place them in the right setting, otherwise they get the sun or nutrients they need. one must water them daily, otherwise they will wither away and will never yield fruit. but most of all, more than all of this, one must love their tree. because without love, all of the time it takes to do all these tasks will seem like a chore. and if they seem like a chore then, well… probably start taking shortcuts or forget about your tree all together. not just about planting a tree, about merging your life with the life of that tree. then and only then, will you find yourself with a tree that bears fruit.”
on that day, without really knowing it, the second began an endless fruitful journey. grow. | heɪ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈlərnər: ə ʃɔrt ˈstɔri fər ju ˈʤɛrəˌmi blɑkt ˈfɑloʊ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈɛˈsiˈpi 23 2015 ðɛr ər tu ˈpipəl. ðə fərst ˈpərsən həz lɪvd ɔn ən ˈæpəl fɑrm ðɛr hoʊl laɪf ənd ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈpərsən həz lɪvd ənd steɪd ɪn ðə ˈsɪti sɪns bərθ. ðə fərst həz sin, ɪn ˌɪˈmɛns ˈditeɪl, haʊ ðə triz groʊ frəm sid, tɪ ˈsæplɪŋ, tɪ tri, tɪ frut, ənd bæk tɪ sid əˈgɛn. ðə ˈsɛkənd həz ˈoʊnli ˈrɪli sin ðə frut, pərˈhæps ə sid ðət həz ˈfɑlən aʊt hir ənd ðɛr. ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əv ˈoʊnli əbˈzərvɪŋ ðə fruts əv others’*’ ˈleɪbər həz lɛft ə ˈlæstɪŋ ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə ˈsɛkənd. ɔl əˈbaʊt rɪˈzəlts. ənd wɪθ noʊ ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs bɪˈhaɪnd ðoʊz rɪˈzəlts, ˌɪˈnɛvətəbli ɪt simz kwaɪt ˈizi. bət wən deɪ, ðə ˈsɛkənd teɪks ə baɪt aʊt əv ən ˈæpəl ənd ə sid fɔlz tɪ ðə graʊnd. ðət sid bɪˈkəmz ən aɪˈdiə. goʊɪŋ tɪ groʊ ən ˈæpəl tri əv maɪ own!”*!” ðə ˈsɛkənd sɪz. ə mənθ ˈleɪtər, ˈæftər ˈfaɪndɪŋ ə nis ˈæpəl fɑrm ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈsɪti, ðə ˈsɛkənd mits ðə fərst ənd ðeɪ bɪˈgɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈæpəl triz. bi ðət hard,”*,” sɪz ðə ˈsɛkənd, rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈæpəlz, hæv ˈplɛnti əv sidz raɪt hir, aɪ ʤɪst hæv tɪ pʊt ðɛm ɪn ðə graʊnd ənd lɛt ðɛm grow!”*!” wɪθ ə smɔl hæf smaɪl ðə fərst sɪz, meɪks sɛns ðət ju wʊd si ɪt ðət weɪ, ˈhævɪŋ lɪvd ɪn ðə ˈsɪti jʊr hoʊl laɪf, ˈoʊnli ˈɛvər siɪŋ ðə fruts əv others’*’ ˈleɪbər. bət aɪ əˈʃʊr ju, ɪt ɪz ˈnoʊˌwɛr nɪr ðət simple.”*.” ðə ˈsɛkənd kˈwɪkli rɪˈspɑndɪd, du ju min? aɪ gɛs raɪt, ðɛr məst bi ˈəðər θɪŋz ju hæv tɪ du. ˈwɔtərɪŋ ənd stuff…*… right?”*?” ““yes*. ðɛr ər ˈmɛni mɔr θɪŋz tɪ du ˈæˌkʧuəli, mɔr ðən ʤɪst ˈwɔtərɪŋ. wən məst plænt ðə sidz æt ðə ˈprɑpər dɛpθ, ər ðeɪ wɪl daɪ ˌbiˈfɔr bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈsæplɪŋz. wən məst pleɪs ðɛm ɪn ðə raɪt ˈsɛtɪŋ, ˈəðərˌwaɪz ðeɪ gɪt ðə sən ər ˈnutriənts ðeɪ nid. wən məst ˈwɔtər ðɛm ˈdeɪli, ˈəðərˌwaɪz ðeɪ wɪl ˈwɪðər əˈweɪ ənd wɪl ˈnɛvər jild frut. bət moʊst əv ɔl, mɔr ðən ɔl əv ðɪs, wən məst ləv ðɛr tri. bɪˈkəz wɪˈθaʊt ləv, ɔl əv ðə taɪm ɪt teɪks tɪ du ɔl ðiz tæsks wɪl sim laɪk ə ʧɔr. ənd ɪf ðeɪ sim laɪk ə ʧɔr ðɛn, well…*… ˈprɑbəˌbli stɑrt ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈʃɔrtˌkəts ər fərˈgɛt əˈbaʊt jʊr tri ɔl təˈgɛðər. nɑt ʤɪst əˈbaʊt ˈplæntɪŋ ə tri, əˈbaʊt ˈmərʤɪŋ jʊr laɪf wɪθ ðə laɪf əv ðət tri. ðɛn ənd ˈoʊnli ðɛn, wɪl ju faɪnd ˈjɔrsɛlf wɪθ ə tri ðət bɛrz fruit.”*.” ɔn ðət deɪ, wɪˈθaʊt ˈrɪli noʊɪŋ ɪt, ðə ˈsɛkənd bɪˈgæn ən ˈɛndləs ˈfrutfəl ˈʤərni. groʊ. |
last month, we reported that the infighting in the movement has gone public in kentucky, where the national right to life committee and its kentucky affiliate are endorsing incumbent mitch mcconnell, and a small fringe group called northern kentucky right to life is endorsing his tea party challenger, matt bevin.
like in the playing out in georgia, the issue is whether politicians should vote for abortion restrictions that include exemptions for pregnancies that result from rape or incest. national right to life and its allies, while they oppose rape and incest exemptions, are willing to support bills that contain them if the only way the bills can pass. the more hardline groups, like northern kentucky right to life and the national usa, oppose any bill that contains such exemptions.
mcconnell has called for the senate to pass a ban on abortions after 20 weeks of pregnancy, already passed by the house, that contains a rape exemption. bevin, meanwhile, filled out a questionnaire from the northern kentucky group agreeing to its hardline, demands.
this has caused some confusion in kentucky, as bevin has touted the endorsement of northern kentucky right to life, and national right to life and kentucky right to life have scrambled to clarify that they are not affiliated with the northern kentucky group and in fact support mcconnell.
now, according to national right to life, bevin is sending around a mailer that “questions the convictions” of mcconnell, citing endorsement by the northern kentucky group. is furious, and is blaming bevin for playing into the hands of groups: | læst mənθ, wi ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə ˈɪnˌfaɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈmuvmənt həz gɔn ˈpəblɪk ɪn kənˈtəki, wɛr ðə ˈnæʃənəl raɪt tɪ laɪf kəˈmɪti ənd ɪts kənˈtəki əˈfɪliˌeɪt ər ɛnˈdɔrsɪŋ ˌɪnˈkəmbənt mɪʧ məˈkɑnəl, ənd ə smɔl frɪnʤ grup kɔld ˈnɔrðərn kənˈtəki raɪt tɪ laɪf ɪz ɛnˈdɔrsɪŋ hɪz ti ˈpɑrti ˈʧælɪnʤər, mæt ˈbɛvɪn. laɪk ɪn ðə pleɪɪŋ aʊt ɪn ˈʤɔrʤə, ðə ˈɪʃu ɪz ˈwɛðər ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ʃʊd voʊt fər əˈbɔrʃən riˈstrɪkʃənz ðət ˌɪnˈklud ɪgˈzɛmpʃənz fər ˈprɛgnənsiz ðət rɪˈzəlt frəm reɪp ər ˈɪnˌsɛst. ˈnæʃənəl raɪt tɪ laɪf ənd ɪts ˈælaɪz, waɪl ðeɪ əˈpoʊz reɪp ənd ˈɪnˌsɛst ɪgˈzɛmpʃənz, ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ səˈpɔrt bɪlz ðət kənˈteɪn ðɛm ɪf ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ ðə bɪlz kən pæs. ðə mɔr ˈhɑrˌdlaɪn grups, laɪk ˈnɔrðərn kənˈtəki raɪt tɪ laɪf ənd ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ, əˈpoʊz ˈɛni bɪl ðət kənˈteɪnz səʧ ɪgˈzɛmpʃənz. məˈkɑnəl həz kɔld fər ðə ˈsɛnɪt tɪ pæs ə bæn ɔn əˈbɔrʃənz ˈæftər 20 wiks əv ˈprɛgnənsi, ɔˈrɛdi pæst baɪ ðə haʊs, ðət kənˈteɪnz ə reɪp ɪgˈzɛmpʃən. ˈbɛvɪn, ˈminˌwaɪl, fɪld aʊt ə kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr frəm ðə ˈnɔrðərn kənˈtəki grup əˈgriɪŋ tɪ ɪts ˈhɑrˌdlaɪn, dɪˈmændz. ðɪs həz kɔzd səm kənfˈjuʒən ɪn kənˈtəki, ɛz ˈbɛvɪn həz ˈtaʊtɪd ðə ɛnˈdɔrsmənt əv ˈnɔrðərn kənˈtəki raɪt tɪ laɪf, ənd ˈnæʃənəl raɪt tɪ laɪf ənd kənˈtəki raɪt tɪ laɪf hæv ˈskræmbəld tɪ ˈklɛrəˌfaɪ ðət ðeɪ ər nɑt əˈfɪliˌeɪtɪd wɪθ ðə ˈnɔrðərn kənˈtəki grup ənd ɪn fækt səˈpɔrt məˈkɑnəl. naʊ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈnæʃənəl raɪt tɪ laɪf, ˈbɛvɪn ɪz ˈsɛndɪŋ əraʊnd ə ˈmeɪlər ðət ðə convictions”*” əv məˈkɑnəl, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ɛnˈdɔrsmənt baɪ ðə ˈnɔrðərn kənˈtəki grup. ɪz fˈjʊriəs, ənd ɪz ˈbleɪmɪŋ ˈbɛvɪn fər pleɪɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə hænz əv grups: |
belmont development
posted wednesday, august 10, 2016 am
potential belmont park developer the engel burman group has sponsored a radio advertisement, produced by a civic group in, that criticizes the plan for the vacant south lot of the racetrack put forth by the new york cosmos soccer team.
the community coalition council produced the ad, which ran sporadically on 1010 wins and the cbs radio affiliate in albany starting in late 2013. the council was founded as a communitywide organization with representatives from each of the handful of civic groups in, but it has not had a formal meeting since 2014.
“we need a stadium with seats that will never be filled,” said former board of education president aubrey phillips, who narrated the commercial. “we need things that will add value to our community.”
the cosmos plan, which includes a hotel along with retail and restaurant space, is one of three possible developments for the site. the blumenfeld development group presented its plan on may 18. it featured a costco business center as well as recreation space and retail and restaurant spots. engel burman, based in garden city, features similar retail and restaurant space along with a community center and field. steven krieger, a partner in the development company, presented engel plan to residents on june 15.
according to phillips, the ads were created because of the lack of community input on the various projects. additionally, the members of the community coalition council, which include phillips, felt that’s three state senators, along with gov. andrew cuomo, were not representing the needs.
“the community coalition council is committed to a development that better reflects the wishes of the community, and not something that has a proven track record of failure,” phillips, referring to the cosmos plan, told the herald. “over the last 30 years, the evidence of whether they fail or succeed is clear. they enhance the community.”
the community coalition council contacted engel burman in 2013 about working on the advertisements, phillips said. the members of the council crafted a message focusing on the type of development the majority of residents preferred.
“for the last several years, engel burman has been openly engaged in working with the community council regarding our proposal to create a development on the grounds of belmont that would meet the specific needs of this diverse community,” said steven krieger, a partner at engel burman. “one of their concerns was that they had neither the resources nor the experience in ensuring their concerns with the would be heard by the governor and the [empire state development corporation].”
according to krieger, the resources at the disposal of the cosmos dwarf that of local civic groups, which allows the soccer team to lobby state officials more aggressively. it was for this reason that engel burman became involved with the ccc, he said.
“if this development contest is ultimately judged on whether big money can overwhelm a community, then the cosmos plan may well win,” he said. “if this battle is about what is appropriate for a community seeking economic equality and a strengthened quality of life, then our merits are self-evident.”
cosmos chief operating officer erik stover declined to comment.
in addition to the radio commercial, the also produced a television spot criticizing the cosmos’ attendance numbers. the commercial opens with shots of a cosmos home game at james m. shuart stadium at hofstra university. a actor states that the cosmos will not be able to fill a-seat stadium.
“the numbers here the economics make no sense,” the narrator says as shots of a stadium are with shots of an underused concession stand. “this would be a losing venture for years to come, preventing true economic growth.”
according to the spot, the funded the project. krieger did not respond to questions about engel involvement with the television commercial, but did discuss why the development company became involved with the civic group.
"[the] certainly have the lobbyists, publicists and influential media allies that the cosmos have gathered to try and influence the decision-making process, so they asked for our assistance in ensuring their story would be told,” krieger said. “we did so willingly, openly and ethically.”
not all observers see it that way, however. “it’s not good,” patrick nicolosi, president of the east end civic association, who has been a staunch supporter of the cosmos plan in recent months, said of engel involvement, “because it just shows you how people are being bought in this community who push one project over the other.”
comments about this story? send your letters to the editor to | ˈbɛlˌmɑnt dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈpoʊstɪd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˈɔgəst 10 2016 æm pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈbɛlˌmɑnt pɑrk dɪˈvɛləpər ðə ˈɛngəl ˈbərmən grup həz ˈspɑnsərd ə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt, prəˈdust baɪ ə ˈsɪvɪk grup ɪn, ðət ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪzɪz ðə plæn fər ðə ˈveɪkənt saʊθ lɔt əv ðə ˈreɪˌstræk pʊt fɔrθ baɪ ðə nu jɔrk ˈkɑzmoʊs ˈsɑkər tim. ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈkaʊnsəl prəˈdust ðə æd, wɪʧ ræn spərˈædɪkli ɔn 1010 wɪnz ənd ðə ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ˈreɪdiˌoʊ əˈfɪliˌeɪt ɪn ˈɔlbəni ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn leɪt 2013 ðə ˈkaʊnsəl wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd ɛz ə kəmˈjunɪtiˌwaɪd ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən wɪθ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz frəm iʧ əv ðə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈsɪvɪk grups ɪn, bət ɪt həz nɑt hæd ə ˈfɔrməl ˈmitɪŋ sɪns 2014 nid ə ˈsteɪdiəm wɪθ sits ðət wɪl ˈnɛvər bi filled,”*,” sɛd ˈfɔrmər bɔrd əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈɔbri ˈfɪlɪps, hu ˈnɛˌreɪtɪd ðə kəˈmərʃəl. nid θɪŋz ðət wɪl æd ˈvælju tɪ ɑr community.”*.” ðə ˈkɑzmoʊs plæn, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ə hoʊˈtɛl əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈriˌteɪl ənd ˈrɛˌstrɑnt speɪs, ɪz wən əv θri ˈpɑsəbəl dɪˈvɛləpmənts fər ðə saɪt. ðə ˈblumɪnfɛld dɪˈvɛləpmənt grup pərˈzɛnəd ɪts plæn ɔn meɪ 18 ɪt ˈfiʧərd ə ˈkɔstkoʊ ˈbɪznɪs ˈsɛnər ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃən speɪs ənd ˈriˌteɪl ənd ˈrɛˌstrɑnt spɑts. ˈɛngəl ˈbərmən, beɪst ɪn ˈgɑrdən ˈsɪti, ˈfiʧərz ˈsɪmələr ˈriˌteɪl ənd ˈrɛˌstrɑnt speɪs əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə kəmˈjunɪti ˈsɛnər ənd fild. ˈstivən ˈkrigər, ə ˈpɑrtnər ɪn ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈkəmpəˌni, pərˈzɛnəd ˈɛngəl plæn tɪ ˈrɛzɪdənts ɔn ʤun 15 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈfɪlɪps, ðə ædz wər kriˈeɪtɪd bɪˈkəz əv ðə læk əv kəmˈjunɪti ˈɪnˌpʊt ɔn ðə ˈvɛriəs ˈprɑʤɛkts. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ðə ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈkaʊnsəl, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈklud ˈfɪlɪps, fɛlt ðət θri steɪt ˈsɛnətərz, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ gəv. ˈændru kˈwoʊmoʊ, wər nɑt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə nidz. kəmˈjunɪti ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈkaʊnsəl ɪz kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ðət ˈbɛtər rɪˈflɛkts ðə ˈwɪʃɪz əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti, ənd nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət həz ə ˈpruvən træk ˈrɛkərd əv failure,”*,” ˈfɪlɪps, rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈkɑzmoʊs plæn, toʊld ðə ˈhɛrəld. ðə læst 30 jɪrz, ðə ˈɛvədəns əv ˈwɛðər ðeɪ feɪl ər səkˈsid ɪz klɪr. ðeɪ ɛnˈhæns ðə community.”*.” ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈkaʊnsəl ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ˈɛngəl ˈbərmən ɪn 2013 əˈbaʊt ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts, ˈfɪlɪps sɛd. ðə ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ˈkræftɪd ə ˈmɛsɪʤ ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ðə taɪp əv dɪˈvɛləpmənt ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈrɛzɪdənts prɪˈfərd. ðə læst ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz, ˈɛngəl ˈbərmən həz bɪn ˈoʊpənli ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˈkaʊnsəl rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ɑr prəˈpoʊzəl tɪ kriˈeɪt ə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɔn ðə graʊnz əv ˈbɛlˌmɑnt ðət wʊd mit ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk nidz əv ðɪs dɪˈvərs community,”*,” sɛd ˈstivən ˈkrigər, ə ˈpɑrtnər æt ˈɛngəl ˈbərmən. əv ðɛr kənˈsərnz wɑz ðət ðeɪ hæd ˈniðər ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz nɔr ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðɛr kənˈsərnz wɪθ ðə wʊd bi hərd baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnər ənd ðə [ˈɛmpaɪər steɪt dɪˈvɛləpmənt corporation].”*].” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈkrigər, ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz æt ðə dɪˈspoʊzəl əv ðə ˈkɑzmoʊs dwɔrf ðət əv ˈloʊkəl ˈsɪvɪk grups, wɪʧ əˈlaʊz ðə ˈsɑkər tim tɪ ˈlɑbi steɪt əˈfɪʃəlz mɔr əˈgrɛsɪvli. ɪt wɑz fər ðɪs ˈrizən ðət ˈɛngəl ˈbərmən bɪˈkeɪm ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ðə ccc*, hi sɛd. ðɪs dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈkɑntɛst ɪz ˈəltəmətli ʤəʤd ɔn ˈwɛðər bɪg ˈməni kən ˌoʊvərˈwɛlm ə kəmˈjunɪti, ðɛn ðə ˈkɑzmoʊs plæn meɪ wɛl win,”*,” hi sɛd. ðɪs ˈbætəl ɪz əˈbaʊt wət ɪz əˈproʊpriˌeɪt fər ə kəmˈjunɪti ˈsikɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ɪkˈwɑləti ənd ə ˈstrɛŋθənd kˈwɑləti əv laɪf, ðɛn ɑr ˈmɛrɪts ər self-evident.”*.” ˈkɑzmoʊs ʧif ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈɔfɪsər ˈɛrɪk ˈstoʊvər dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ kəˈmərʃəl, ðə ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈdust ə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən spɑt ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪzɪŋ ðə cosmos’*’ əˈtɛndəns ˈnəmbərz. ðə kəˈmərʃəl ˈoʊpənz wɪθ ʃɑts əv ə ˈkɑzmoʊs hoʊm geɪm æt ʤeɪmz ɛm. ʃuərt ˈsteɪdiəm æt ˈhɑfstrə ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ə ˈæktər steɪts ðət ðə ˈkɑzmoʊs wɪl nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ fɪl ə ˈsteɪdiəm. ˈnəmbərz hir ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks meɪk noʊ sense,”*,” ðə ˈnɛreɪtər sɪz ɛz ʃɑts əv ə ˈsteɪdiəm ər wɪθ ʃɑts əv ən ˌəndərˈjuzd kənˈsɛʃən stænd. wʊd bi ə ˈluzɪŋ ˈvɛnʧər fər jɪrz tɪ kəm, prɪˈvɛnɪŋ tru ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk growth.”*.” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə spɑt, ðə ˈfəndɪd ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. ˈkrigər dɪd nɑt rɪˈspɑnd tɪ kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ˈɛngəl ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt wɪθ ðə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən kəˈmərʃəl, bət dɪd dɪˈskəs waɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈkəmpəˌni bɪˈkeɪm ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ðə ˈsɪvɪk grup. "[ðə] ˈsərtənli hæv ðə ˈlɑbiɪsts, ˈpəblɪsɪsts ənd ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈmidiə ˈælaɪz ðət ðə ˈkɑzmoʊs hæv ˈgæðərd tɪ traɪ ənd ˈɪnfluəns ðə dɪˈsɪʒənˌmeɪkɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs, soʊ ðeɪ æst fər ɑr əˈsɪstəns ɪn ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðɛr ˈstɔri wʊd bi told,”*,” ˈkrigər sɛd. dɪd soʊ ˈwɪlɪŋli, ˈoʊpənli ənd ethically.”*.” nɑt ɔl əbˈzərvərz si ɪt ðət weɪ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər. nɑt good,”*,” ˈpætrɪk nikoʊˈloʊsi, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ist ɛnd ˈsɪvɪk əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, hu həz bɪn ə stɔnʧ səˈpɔrtər əv ðə ˈkɑzmoʊs plæn ɪn ˈrisənt mənθs, sɛd əv ˈɛngəl ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt, ɪt ʤɪst ʃoʊz ju haʊ ˈpipəl ər biɪŋ bɔt ɪn ðɪs kəmˈjunɪti hu pʊʃ wən ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈoʊvər ðə other.”*.” ˈkɑmɛnts əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈstɔri? sɛnd jʊr ˈlɛtərz tɪ ðə ˈɛdɪtər tɪ |
muncie police car (photo: file photo)
muncie, ind. city police said a muncie man created a disturbance in the goodwill store on saturday, in the process choking a store clerk, breaking an hand and proclaiming himself to be god.
khaliad, 24, of the 3700 block of north tillotson avenue, was arrested on preliminary counts of strangulation, intimidation, battery, battery on law enforcement, resisting law enforcement and disorderly conduct.
however, also alleged to have threatened to kill several people in the store was admitted to health ball memorial hospital rather than taken to the delaware county jail.
police were called to the store at 5035 w. hessler blvd. about p.m. after receiving a report of a man “fighting with customers and staff.”
witnesses several of whom took cellphone videos of the incident, according to police reports said at first “aggressively approached” those inside the goodwill store, “trying to preach to people and also putting his hands on customers.”
they said he became increasingly agitated, “screaming about being muslim and how he was going to kill everyone including the police,” a report said.
during the disturbance, a store clerk was allegedly battered and strangled by the muncie man.
that woman told police “grabbed her by the throat and applied pressure” after he became upset “while trying to covert (her) to islam.”
bilal allegedly fought with officers when they arrived, and continued to do so after being shocked with an electric stun device, repeatedly kicking at officers after he was handcuffed. one hand was broken during the melee.
after the muncie man was placed in an ambulance, was asked to identify himself and said he was god, an officer said.
earlier, while still in the store, had said several times “that he was the prophet muhammad and told us that we were going to hell,” an officer wrote.
according to a probable cause affidavit signed monday by delaware circuit court 1 judge marianne vorhees, after he is released from the hospital, will be held in the county jail under a $10,000 cash bond.
also monday, additional preliminary charges of battery on law enforcement and resisting law enforcement were lodged against after he allegedly repeatedly struck an health ball memorial hospital police officer in the face.
the officer reported he was called to the emergency room about a.m. when managed to escape from restraints he had been placed in “due to several prior violent incidents.”
as the officer and a nurse tried to place him back in the restraints, “struck me in the face approximately three times, knocking my glasses off (and) sending them flying,” the policeman wrote in a report.
the officer said he then struck twice, once in the mouth, in an effort to subdue him.
court records reflect no prior charges against the muncie man.
in a statement placed in response to a related online story at thestarpress.com. david ferrell, a chaplain at the hospital, noted’s alleged actions “sound nothing like the actions of god, or prophet mohammed.”
“these are the of an obviously disturbed individual,” the chaplain wrote, expressing hope would receive any needed psychological care and then face prosecution for any crimes he has committed.
“knowing the good that has been, and continues to be done by our local muslim community, this individual's actions should not be seen as reflective upon these fine community members,” ferrell said.
contact news reporter douglas walker at (765). follow him on twitter: @douglaswalkersp.
read or share this story: | ˈmənsi pəˈlis kɑr (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: faɪl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ) ˈmənsi, ind*. ˈsɪti pəˈlis sɛd ə ˈmənsi mæn kriˈeɪtɪd ə dɪˈstərbəns ɪn ðə ˈgʊdˈwɪl stɔr ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈʧoʊkɪŋ ə stɔr klərk, ˈbreɪkɪŋ ən hænd ənd proʊˈkleɪmɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ bi gɑd., 24 əv ðə 3700 blɑk əv nɔrθ ˈtɪlətsən ˈævəˌnu, wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ɔn prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri kaʊnts əv ˌstræŋgjəˈleɪʃən, ˌɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən, ˈbætəri, ˈbætəri ɔn lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt, rɪˈzɪstɪŋ lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ənd dɪˈsɔrdərli ˈkɑndəkt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlɛʤd tɪ hæv θˈrɛtənd tɪ kɪl ˈsɛvərəl ˈpipəl ɪn ðə stɔr wɑz ədˈmɪtəd tɪ hɛlθ bɔl məˈmɔriəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈrəðər ðən ˈteɪkən tɪ ðə ˈdɛləˌwɛr ˈkaʊnti ʤeɪl. pəˈlis wər kɔld tɪ ðə stɔr æt 5035 ˈdəbəlju. ˈhɛslər ˈbʊləˌvɑrd. əˈbaʊt p.m*. ˈæftər rɪˈsivɪŋ ə rɪˈpɔrt əv ə mæn wɪθ ˈkəstəmərz ənd staff.”*.” ˈwɪtnəsɪz ˈsɛvərəl əv hum tʊk ˈsɛlfoʊn ˈvɪdioʊz əv ðə ˈɪnsədənt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ pəˈlis rɪˈpɔrts sɛd æt fərst approached”*” ðoʊz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈgʊdˈwɪl stɔr, tɪ priʧ tɪ ˈpipəl ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpʊtɪŋ hɪz hænz ɔn customers.”*.” ðeɪ sɛd hi bɪˈkeɪm ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈæʤəˌteɪtəd, əˈbaʊt biɪŋ ˈməzlɪm ənd haʊ hi wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ kɪl ˈɛvriˌwən ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə police,”*,” ə rɪˈpɔrt sɛd. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə dɪˈstərbəns, ə stɔr klərk wɑz əˈlɛʤədli ˈbætərd ənd ˈstræŋgəld baɪ ðə ˈmənsi mæn. ðət ˈwʊmən toʊld pəˈlis hər baɪ ðə θroʊt ənd əˈplaɪd pressure”*” ˈæftər hi bɪˈkeɪm ˈəpˌsɛt traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈkoʊvərt (hər) tɪ islam.”*.” əˈlɛʤədli fɔt wɪθ ˈɔfɪsərz wɪn ðeɪ əraɪvd, ənd kənˈtɪnjud tɪ du soʊ ˈæftər biɪŋ ʃɑkt wɪθ ən ɪˈlɛktrɪk stən dɪˈvaɪs, rɪˈpitɪdli ˈkɪkɪŋ æt ˈɔfɪsərz ˈæftər hi wɑz ˈhændˌkəft. wən hænd wɑz ˈbroʊkən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈmeɪˌleɪ. ˈæftər ðə ˈmənsi mæn wɑz pleɪst ɪn ən ˈæmbjələns, wɑz æst tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ hɪmˈsɛlf ənd sɛd hi wɑz gɑd, ən ˈɔfɪsər sɛd. ˈərliər, waɪl stɪl ɪn ðə stɔr, hæd sɛd ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz hi wɑz ðə ˈprɑfət mʊˈhɑməd ənd toʊld ˈjuˈɛs ðət wi wər goʊɪŋ tɪ hell,”*,” ən ˈɔfɪsər roʊt. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈprɑbəbəl kɔz ˌæfəˈdeɪvət saɪnd ˈmənˌdeɪ baɪ ˈdɛləˌwɛr ˈsərkət kɔrt 1 ʤəʤ ˌmɑriˈæn ˈvɔrhiz, ˈæftər hi ɪz riˈlist frəm ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, wɪl bi hɛld ɪn ðə ˈkaʊnti ʤeɪl ˈəndər ə kæʃ bɑnd. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmənˌdeɪ, əˈdɪʃənəl prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv ˈbætəri ɔn lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ənd rɪˈzɪstɪŋ lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt wər lɑʤd əˈgɛnst ˈæftər hi əˈlɛʤədli rɪˈpitɪdli strək ən hɛlθ bɔl məˈmɔriəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəl pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər ɪn ðə feɪs. ðə ˈɔfɪsər ˌriˈpɔrtəd hi wɑz kɔld tɪ ðə ˈimərʤənsi rum əˈbaʊt a.m*. wɪn ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ɪˈskeɪp frəm rɪˈstreɪnts hi hæd bɪn pleɪst ɪn tɪ ˈsɛvərəl praɪər ˈvaɪələnt incidents.”*.” ɛz ðə ˈɔfɪsər ənd ə nərs traɪd tɪ pleɪs ɪm bæk ɪn ðə rɪˈstreɪnts, mi ɪn ðə feɪs əˈprɑksəmətli θri taɪmz, ˈnɑkɪŋ maɪ ˈglæsɪz ɔf (ənd) ˈsɛndɪŋ ðɛm flying,”*,” ðə pəˈlismən roʊt ɪn ə rɪˈpɔrt. ðə ˈɔfɪsər sɛd hi ðɛn strək twaɪs, wəns ɪn ðə maʊθ, ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ səbˈdu ɪm. kɔrt ˈrɛkərdz rɪˈflɛkt noʊ praɪər ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈmənsi mæn. ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt pleɪst ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈstɔri æt thestarpress.com*. ˈdeɪvɪd ˈfɛrɪl, ə ˈʧæplən æt ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, ˈnoʊtɪd əˈlɛʤd ˈækʃənz ˈnəθɪŋ laɪk ðə ˈækʃənz əv gɑd, ər ˈprɑfət mohammed.”*.” ər ðə əv ən ˈɑbviəsli dɪˈstərbd individual,”*,” ðə ˈʧæplən roʊt, ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ hoʊp wʊd rɪˈsiv ˈɛni ˈnidɪd ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl kɛr ənd ðɛn feɪs ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən fər ˈɛni kraɪmz hi həz kəˈmɪtɪd. ðə gʊd ðət həz bɪn, ənd kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi dən baɪ ɑr ˈloʊkəl ˈməzlɪm kəmˈjunɪti, ðɪs ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ˈækʃənz ʃʊd nɑt bi sin ɛz rɪˈflɛktɪv əˈpɑn ðiz faɪn kəmˈjunɪti members,”*,” ˈfɛrɪl sɛd. ˈkɑnˌtækt nuz rɪˈpɔrtər ˈdəgləs ˈwɔkər æt 765 ˈfɑloʊ ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər: @douglaswalkersp*. rɛd ər ʃɛr ðɪs ˈstɔri: |
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o a de um novo organismo, a dol. o de fonte segura que francisco josé viegas se para como organismo., relembre-se, de da no segundo de josé sócrates.
dando de um democrático, na portuguesa, francisco josé viegas que por, manuel correia baptista e henrique parente.
dando de um democrático. ou se não.
em 18 de maio de 2010, o de da,, por o «o da literatura», por 7 durienses, no valor de euros. o, entre outros, a de do e a edp. boa, como se…
e o feliz por esse e o e dos? acertaram, o actual de da, francisco josé viegas.
há há? | baɪ oʊ ə də əm ˈnoʊvoʊ organismo*, ə du ˈkəlʧərəl. oʊ də fɑnt seɪˈgʊrə kju frænˈsɪskoʊ josé*é ˈvigəz seɪ ˈpɛrə ˈkoʊmoʊ organismo*., relembre-se*, də ˈdiˈeɪ noʊ ˌsɛˈgʊnˌdoʊ də josé*é sócrates*. ˈdændoʊ də əm democrático*, nɑ portuguesa*, frænˈsɪskoʊ josé*é ˈvigəz kju pɔr, mɑnˈwɛl kərˈeɪiə ˌbæpˈtɪstə i ɑnˈrik pɑˈrɛnti. ˈdændoʊ də əm democrático*. u seɪ não*. ɛm 18 də meɪoʊ də 2010 oʊ də ˈdiˈeɪ,, pɔr oʊ «oʊ ˈdiˈeɪ literatura*», pɔr 7 durienses*, noʊ ˈvælər də ˈjuˌroʊz. oʊ, ˈɑntrə outros*, ə də du i ə edp*. boʊə, ˈkoʊmoʊ seɪ sabe…*… i oʊ ˈfɛlɪz pɔr ɛs i oʊ i dɔs? acertaram*, oʊ ˈækʧəwəl də ˈdiˈeɪ, frænˈsɪskoʊ josé*é ˈvigəz. há*á há*á? |
mother-son love dominates households the world over, but especially in india. (ask anyone married to a desi man if she feels like the other woman.) one of the standout episodes of room 104, the new hbo series, makes great use of this phenomenon. titled “the internet,” set in 1997. our only visible character, a harried, wannabe novelist, is locked for nearly the full half-hour in a phone call with his mom. needs his manuscript sent to him, in a bad way. got a life-changing meeting with an agent coming up, a book to finish, and of course, he forgot his laptop. actor karan soni paces the dinky motel room for which the series is named in a sweat, walking his oblivious mom through the mechanics of email with a growing frustration in his voice that betrays just how deep their relationship is.
featuring only soni and as his mother, the scene manages to do a lot with a little. from nearly her first line, establishes her character as one we seen rendered so well before: the loving but passive-aggressive, alternately icy, and desi mom.’s character seems almost at times to be trolling, so layered is her cadence. to pull it off, told vulture by email, she channeled her own, mom, as well as her split attitude toward her son. when he talks, “there’s a part of you that is in wonder and amazement and so much love, and then a part totally bored and needs to just reach for the wine.”
both actors were born in india soni in new delhi to a middle-class family, while is the daughter of a diplomat. her accent gives away the upper-crust, india that she belongs to, though her origins are notably humble. but that inconsistency detract from her possession of the role. the are known for encouraging improvisation, and she sprinkles her with “beta” and “raja” the latter, meaning prince, less known than the former, which means son. the episode not written with indians in mind meant to be a model of representational politics at work. soni took the part a day before shooting, after the original actor dropped out because of a conflict; came in the day of to fit his casting. still, their backgrounds infuse the episode with life, from the spirit of the dialogue, to the details of its final twist. vulture spoke with soni about the odds of this opportunity, his phone calls with his own mom, and why in terms that reveal a comic anxiety level on par with he was sure fail at the job.
how are you doing?
great. can i ask, are you indian?
ha, yes.
i sure if the name was just like a new age thing, or
well, my last name is rao. so that helps. what about you? were you born in india?
new delhi, and i lived there for 18 years. i came out here when i was 18 to go to college, to l.a. my family was planning on moving out, but their green cards took a little longer. they came out when i was a sophomore.
i thought i detected a faint accent in the episode that sounded legit rather than a hollywood directive.
it was very thick when i came here. i worked with someone at my school, at usc. my teacher was like, once you pass age nine or ten, almost impossible to completely lose an accent. i did lose it quite a bit, but indians can always tell.
no one else?
i think so. i think a lot of white people tell, or at least act very surprised.
that’s funny, because the opposite can be true. happened to me and to people i know, that white people think we have an accent even though we. like, they think they should be hearing one, and so they do.
really? so strange. i can always tell when indian people are born in america. they have the most american accent. i can hear, even the way they say their name. like, “you even try.”
how did you get cast for this role?
it was an unusual casting situation because i got the job the day before we had to start filming, like less than 24 hours before. it was given to someone else, a different actor, and they had a scheduling conflict. so it was like p.m. on a wednesday, and mark (whom worked with before like five or six years ago always stayed friends; never asked me to work on any of his projects) texted me, “do you want to be on my hbo show thursday or friday?” i right away was like, “yeah.” he was like, “let me send you the script.” to myself, i was like, gonna do it [before getting the script]. [once i saw it], i was like, this is a very unique and difficult job. it was like a show, and we shot that in two days, which is very fast. most shows take five days. we did like 15 pages a day. i was like, this is crazy. mark said this was not written for an indian person specifically. it was written more generically. and so, mark what he likes to do is for you to be free and improvise, not a lot, but a bunch of stuff where little moments where i can make it seem more believable that actually related. when we have banter.
all the “betas.” i love that she calls you “raja,” which is what my mom called my brother.
that was improvised, from. she was really playing the indian mom character. that was not written into the script that much. he said, draw on your own experience and make it your own. because he have time to rewrite it for me.
so, the actor who dropped out was not indian.
no, he.
poorna must have come in late then, too.
she was brought in that morning, or a few hours before. there was a lot of drama going into it. at the time, i was on a show on, and i was a series regular. under that contract, i allowed to do hbo. i get cleared until p.m. that night. so, they find someone to play my mom. i met for five seconds and we started shooting. i had no relationship with her. i think it was good. i had to imagine that it was my mom, and my mom luckily is very bad at technology, so that was a very easy kind of thing, a testament to the quality of the writing. and then the director did a lot of stuff on the other end i basically had an earpiece and i could hear’s performance live. she was in a different room. he gave her a lot of stuff there at one point when she was chopping vegetables, i heard the sound of that. something my mom does all the time. ask for a phone call so carve out the time, and start cooking or something, and i can hear her and not paying attention. i find it really frustrating. apparently doug hid the actual laptop in the room, and [poorna] actually find it. so on the phone during this pause. there was stuff like that. i was unaware, and obviously see what i was doing at all.
poorna was interacting with you in real-time?
she had a mic and she was being recorded live. i could hear it at the same time, in my earpiece. that way, if we wanted to improvise or have a movement, we could do that. it would be usable on the show.
was that your first time acting with someone who there?
i’d done a show where we had an earpiece because one of the cast members played someone inside a computer. we had tvs. we were on a spaceship. we see her, but we could hear her performance live, and we had to say the lines on time. it was very rehearsed.
this was just, i barely knew any of the words. i had to grasp at it, and the stakes were much higher. it did feel like the most unique experience. i compare it to anything else.
anish is anxious throughout, but it sounds like you were actually anxious, too?
completely anxious. i pulled an that night. and then i drove to glendale, about 15 minutes from where i live, where the studio was. i met the director, and he was a director. as an actor, plenty of insecurity. you have 22 minutes. normally if not getting something, they can cut to another face. not having that option at all was a big insecurity. and not having a grasp on the material, going through all the stuff the character goes through, a lot of genres comedy, thriller, a very emotional part. and then, getting there and learning that i was with a director was another thing that, oh god, i even feel that i can trust what doing.
a lot of that stuff, i think, was good, because the character is going through so much frustration. when see it, i could definitely tell that i know the lines, specific moments where it really looks like searching for the word. it was almost believable. i remember thinking, god, i remember this one thing. in a way, it worked out. the whole process was very stressful. i sleep, i memorized the first 15 pages and felt pretty good about it. then i drove straight. basically been up for 40 hours. they were like, “you’re doing great.” i was like, “guys, i stress enough that i slept and i looked at the second half of the episode.” they were like, “we’ll figure it out.” very supportive. the next day was more start and stop. i felt good when it was all over.
forty hours? crazy.
i like sleeping nine hours a night, so for me it was too long.
but worth it, i imagine. interesting to hear the part written for an indian. rare things go that way universal parts to indian actors, rather than indian parts to white actors.
i feel like been very fortunate. when i went to theater school, most of the people i graduated with working. consistently worked and made a good living. i do feel a lot of times not given the opportunity to fully show your potential. i just had a chance to show it. for me, this was a chance to really you hide. the whole time. you have to juggle all the genres, have to be real with it and show a raw side of yourself, or not going to work. never been given that opportunity. i just feel very lucky that early on in my career i got to do something like this. a testament to mark and jay. kind of their brand, as far as i see it. they can see the potential in other people that people realize in themselves. with mark, i was freaking out about not having enough time, but he was the most calming. he was so confident. in a weird way, if someone is so confident in you, it makes you be like, oh, i guess seen something in me i seen. hired so many writers and directors who done anything, which never happens. when you hand it to someone like that, very sink or swim. but they know going to sink or swim.
they’re down for experiments?
yeah, exactly. mark pitched hbo the show with this story. to what happened to him in real life. they write in such a way that such a universal story. they could have adapted it with any pair of actors and it would have worked. a lot of people seen it are like, i have had that same conversation.
do you think mark saw in you a shared quality with the character?
when he told me he thought i could do it, i very honestly was like, he is making a mistake. i was like, what has he seen that makes him think i could do it? on the page it read so much that the character was getting annoyed. i was like, i think mark has seen me talk like that. what he said to me was, “i just want this to be a very sweet episode. i need you to bring this sweetness to it at the end where you really feel for this guy, where you want him to fail.” this poor kid, he catch a break. when i got on this, i was really like, just going to draw on my experience, and that was that i get really mad at my mom when i talk to her about stuff like this. i think ever seen me snappy or anything. when been around him, always at my best behavior. when i watch the episode, i feel ugly. that is unfortunately how i talk to my mom if alone and saying something annoying i will be really mean.
i actually thought you were surprisingly nice to your mom, given how difficult she was being.
really? i was like, this guy even giving her a chance.
what else is going on for you?
i’m also shooting 2 and a few films. one is going to toronto [film festival], called unicorn store, with brie larson and joan cusack. brie directorial debut. and a movie called zombie office uprising coming out next year. mostly movie work, not so much tv.
what about the show?
actually, that night, that show got canceled. my agent called and he said, “i have good news and bad news.” i was like, “what’s the bad news?” my style. and he was like, “it looks like your gonna get canceled. because they released you to do hbo. the only way they would have done it.” so i was like, “what’s the good news?” he was like, “you’re doing this show!” i was like, “i learned the lines yet!”
this interview has been edited and condensed. | mother-son* ləv ˈdɑməˌneɪts ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz ðə wərld ˈoʊvər, bət əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ˈɪndiə. (æsk ˈɛniˌwən ˈmɛrid tɪ ə ˈdɛzi mæn ɪf ʃi filz laɪk ðə ˈəðər ˈwʊmən.) wən əv ðə ˈstænˌdaʊt ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz əv rum 104 ðə nu ˈeɪʧbiˈoʊ ˈsɪriz, meɪks greɪt juz əv ðɪs fəˈnɑməˌnɑn. ˈtaɪtəld internet,”*,” sɛt ɪn 1997 ɑr ˈoʊnli ˈvɪzəbəl ˈkɛrɪktər, ə ˈhɛrid, ˈwɑnəˌbi ˈnɑvələst, ɪz lɑkt fər ˈnɪrli ðə fʊl ˈhæˌfaʊər ɪn ə foʊn kɔl wɪθ hɪz mɑm. nidz hɪz ˈmænjəˌskrɪpt sɛnt tɪ ɪm, ɪn ə bæd weɪ. gɑt ə ˈlaɪfˌʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ən ˈeɪʤənt ˈkəmɪŋ əp, ə bʊk tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ, ənd əv kɔrs, hi fərˈgɑt hɪz ˈlæpˌtɑp. ˈæktər ˈkɛrən ˈsoʊˌni ˈpeɪsɪz ðə ˈdɪŋki moʊˈtɛl rum fər wɪʧ ðə ˈsɪriz ɪz neɪmd ɪn ə swɛt, ˈwɔkɪŋ hɪz əˈblɪviəs mɑm θru ðə məˈkænɪks əv iˈmeɪl wɪθ ə groʊɪŋ frəˈstreɪʃən ɪn hɪz vɔɪs ðət bɪˈtreɪz ʤɪst haʊ dip ðɛr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ɪz. ˈfiʧərɪŋ ˈoʊnli ˈsoʊˌni ənd ɛz hɪz ˈməðər, ðə sin ˈmænɪʤɪz tɪ du ə lɔt wɪθ ə ˈlɪtəl. frəm ˈnɪrli hər fərst laɪn, ɪˈstæblɪʃɪz hər ˈkɛrɪktər ɛz wən wi sin ˈrɛndərd soʊ wɛl ˌbiˈfɔr: ðə ˈləvɪŋ bət passive-aggressive*, ˈɔltərnətli ˈaɪsi, ənd ˈdɛzi mɑm. ˈkɛrɪktər simz ˈɔlˌmoʊst æt taɪmz tɪ bi ˈtroʊlɪŋ, soʊ leɪərd ɪz hər ˈkeɪdəns. tɪ pʊl ɪt ɔf, toʊld ˈvəlʧər baɪ iˈmeɪl, ʃi ˈʧænəld hər oʊn, mɑm, ɛz wɛl ɛz hər splɪt ˈætəˌtud təˈwɔrd hər sən. wɪn hi tɔks, ə pɑrt əv ju ðət ɪz ɪn ˈwəndər ənd əˈmeɪzmənt ənd soʊ məʧ ləv, ənd ðɛn ə pɑrt ˈtoʊtəli bɔrd ənd nidz tɪ ʤɪst riʧ fər ðə wine.”*.” boʊθ ˈæktərz wər bɔrn ɪn ˈɪndiə ˈsoʊˌni ɪn nu ˈdɛli tɪ ə ˈmɪdəlˈklæs ˈfæməli, waɪl ɪz ðə ˈdɔtər əv ə ˈdɪpləˌmæt. hər ˈækˌsɛnt gɪvz əˈweɪ ðə upper-crust*, ˈɪndiə ðət ʃi bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ, ðoʊ hər ˈɔrəʤɪnz ər ˈnoʊtəbli ˈhəmbəl. bət ðət ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi dɪˈtrækt frəm hər pəˈzɛʃən əv ðə roʊl. ðə ər noʊn fər ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ˌɪmprɑvɪˈzeɪʃən, ənd ʃi ˈsprɪŋkəlz hər wɪθ ““beta”*” ənd ““raja”*” ðə ˈlætər, ˈminɪŋ prɪns, lɛs noʊn ðən ðə ˈfɔrmər, wɪʧ minz sən. ðə ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd nɑt ˈrɪtən wɪθ ˈɪndiənz ɪn maɪnd mɛnt tɪ bi ə ˈmɑdəl əv ˌrɛprəzənˈteɪʃənəl ˈpɑləˌtɪks æt wərk. ˈsoʊˌni tʊk ðə pɑrt ə deɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈʃutɪŋ, ˈæftər ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈæktər drɑpt aʊt bɪˈkəz əv ə ˈkɑnflɪkt; keɪm ɪn ðə deɪ əv tɪ fɪt hɪz ˈkæstɪŋ. stɪl, ðɛr ˈbækˌgraʊndz ˌɪnfˈjuz ðə ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd wɪθ laɪf, frəm ðə ˈspɪrɪt əv ðə ˈdaɪəˌlɔg, tɪ ðə ˈditeɪlz əv ɪts ˈfaɪnəl twɪst. ˈvəlʧər spoʊk wɪθ ˈsoʊˌni əˈbaʊt ðə ɑdz əv ðɪs ˌɑpərˈtunəti, hɪz foʊn kɔlz wɪθ hɪz oʊn mɑm, ənd waɪ ɪn tərmz ðət rɪˈvil ə ˈkɑmɪk æŋˈzaɪəti ˈlɛvəl ɔn pɑr wɪθ hi wɑz ʃʊr feɪl æt ðə ʤɑb. haʊ ər ju duɪŋ? greɪt. kən aɪ æsk, ər ju ˈɪndiən? hɑ, jɛs. aɪ ʃʊr ɪf ðə neɪm wɑz ʤɪst laɪk ə nu eɪʤ θɪŋ, ər wɛl, maɪ læst neɪm ɪz raʊ. soʊ ðət hɛlps. wət əˈbaʊt ju? wər ju bɔrn ɪn ˈɪndiə? nu ˈdɛli, ənd aɪ lɪvd ðɛr fər 18 jɪrz. aɪ keɪm aʊt hir wɪn aɪ wɑz 18 tɪ goʊ tɪ ˈkɑlɪʤ, tɪ l.a*. maɪ ˈfæməli wɑz ˈplænɪŋ ɔn ˈmuvɪŋ aʊt, bət ðɛr grin kɑrdz tʊk ə ˈlɪtəl ˈlɔŋgər. ðeɪ keɪm aʊt wɪn aɪ wɑz ə ˈsɑfˌmɔr. aɪ θɔt aɪ dɪˈtɛktɪd ə feɪnt ˈækˌsɛnt ɪn ðə ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ðət ˈsaʊndɪd ˈlɛʤɪt ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈhɑliˌwʊd dɪˈrɛktɪv. ɪt wɑz ˈvɛri θɪk wɪn aɪ keɪm hir. aɪ wərkt wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən æt maɪ skul, æt usc*. maɪ ˈtiʧər wɑz laɪk, wəns ju pæs eɪʤ naɪn ər tɛn, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ kəmˈplitli luz ən ˈækˌsɛnt. aɪ dɪd luz ɪt kwaɪt ə bɪt, bət ˈɪndiənz kən ˈɔlˌweɪz tɛl. noʊ wən ɛls? aɪ θɪŋk soʊ. aɪ θɪŋk ə lɔt əv waɪt ˈpipəl tɛl, ər æt list ækt ˈvɛri səˈpraɪzd. ˈfəni, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈɑpəzɪt kən bi tru. ˈhæpənd tɪ mi ənd tɪ ˈpipəl aɪ noʊ, ðət waɪt ˈpipəl θɪŋk wi hæv ən ˈækˌsɛnt ˈivɪn ðoʊ wi. laɪk, ðeɪ θɪŋk ðeɪ ʃʊd bi ˈhirɪŋ wən, ənd soʊ ðeɪ du. ˈrɪli? soʊ streɪnʤ. aɪ kən ˈɔlˌweɪz tɛl wɪn ˈɪndiən ˈpipəl ər bɔrn ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. ðeɪ hæv ðə moʊst əˈmɛrɪkən ˈækˌsɛnt. aɪ kən hir, ˈivɪn ðə weɪ ðeɪ seɪ ðɛr neɪm. laɪk, ˈivɪn try.”*.” haʊ dɪd ju gɪt kæst fər ðɪs roʊl? ɪt wɑz ən ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˈkæstɪŋ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən bɪˈkəz aɪ gɑt ðə ʤɑb ðə deɪ ˌbiˈfɔr wi hæd tɪ stɑrt ˈfɪlmɪŋ, laɪk lɛs ðən 24 aʊərz ˌbiˈfɔr. ɪt wɑz ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ˈsəmˌwən ɛls, ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈæktər, ənd ðeɪ hæd ə ˈskɛʤʊlɪŋ ˈkɑnflɪkt. soʊ ɪt wɑz laɪk p.m*. ɔn ə ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ənd mɑrk (hum wərkt wɪθ ˌbiˈfɔr laɪk faɪv ər sɪks jɪrz əˈgoʊ ˈɔlˌweɪz steɪd frɛndz; ˈnɛvər æst mi tɪ wərk ɔn ˈɛni əv hɪz ˈprɑʤɛkts) ˈtɛkstɪd mi, ju wɔnt tɪ bi ɔn maɪ ˈeɪʧbiˈoʊ ʃoʊ ˈθərzˌdeɪ ər friday?”*?” aɪ raɪt əˈweɪ wɑz laɪk, ““yeah.”*.” hi wɑz laɪk, mi sɛnd ju ðə script.”*.” tɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, aɪ wɑz laɪk, ˈgɑnə du ɪt [ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə skrɪpt]. [wəns aɪ sɔ ɪt], aɪ wɑz laɪk, ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvɛri juˈnik ənd ˈdɪfəkəlt ʤɑb. ɪt wɑz laɪk ə ʃoʊ, ənd wi ʃɑt ðət ɪn tu deɪz, wɪʧ ɪz ˈvɛri fæst. moʊst ʃoʊz teɪk faɪv deɪz. wi dɪd laɪk 15 ˈpeɪʤɪz ə deɪ. aɪ wɑz laɪk, ðɪs ɪz ˈkreɪzi. mɑrk sɛd ðɪs wɑz nɑt ˈrɪtən fər ən ˈɪndiən ˈpərsən spəˈsɪfɪkli. ɪt wɑz ˈrɪtən mɔr ʤəˈnɛrɪkli. ənd soʊ, mɑrk wət hi laɪks tɪ du ɪz fər ju tɪ bi fri ənd ˌɪmprəˈvaɪz, nɑt ə lɔt, bət ə bənʧ əv stəf wɛr ˈlɪtəl ˈmoʊmənts wɛr aɪ kən meɪk ɪt sim mɔr bəˈlivəbəl ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli rɪˈleɪtɪd. wɪn wi hæv ˈbæntər. ɔl ðə ““betas.”*.” aɪ ləv ðət ʃi kɔlz ju ““raja,”*,” wɪʧ ɪz wət maɪ mɑm kɔld maɪ ˈbrəðər. ðət wɑz ˈɪmprəˌvaɪzd, frəm. ʃi wɑz ˈrɪli pleɪɪŋ ðə ˈɪndiən mɑm ˈkɛrɪktər. ðət wɑz nɑt ˈrɪtən ˈɪntu ðə skrɪpt ðət məʧ. hi sɛd, drɔ ɔn jʊr oʊn ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd meɪk ɪt jʊr oʊn. bɪˈkəz hi hæv taɪm tɪ ˈriˌraɪt ɪt fər mi. soʊ, ðə ˈæktər hu drɑpt aʊt wɑz nɑt ˈɪndiən. noʊ, hi. məst hæv kəm ɪn leɪt ðɛn, tu. ʃi wɑz brɔt ɪn ðət ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ər ə fju aʊərz ˌbiˈfɔr. ðɛr wɑz ə lɔt əv ˈdrɑmə goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu ɪt. æt ðə taɪm, aɪ wɑz ɔn ə ʃoʊ ɔn, ənd aɪ wɑz ə ˈsɪriz ˈrɛgjələr. ˈəndər ðət ˈkɑnˌtrækt, aɪ əˈlaʊd tɪ du ˈeɪʧbiˈoʊ. aɪ gɪt klɪrd ənˈtɪl p.m*. ðət naɪt. soʊ, ðeɪ faɪnd ˈsəmˌwən tɪ pleɪ maɪ mɑm. aɪ mɛt fər faɪv ˈsɛkəndz ənd wi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈʃutɪŋ. aɪ hæd noʊ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ hər. aɪ θɪŋk ɪt wɑz gʊd. aɪ hæd tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ðət ɪt wɑz maɪ mɑm, ənd maɪ mɑm ˈləkəli ɪz ˈvɛri bæd æt tɛkˈnɑləʤi, soʊ ðət wɑz ə ˈvɛri ˈizi kaɪnd əv θɪŋ, ə ˈtɛstəmənt tɪ ðə kˈwɑləti əv ðə ˈraɪtɪŋ. ənd ðɛn ðə dɪˈrɛktər dɪd ə lɔt əv stəf ɔn ðə ˈəðər ɛnd aɪ ˈbeɪsɪkli hæd ən ˈɪrpis ənd aɪ kʊd hir pərˈfɔrməns lɪv. ʃi wɑz ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt rum. hi geɪv hər ə lɔt əv stəf ðɛr æt wən pɔɪnt wɪn ʃi wɑz ˈʧɑpɪŋ ˈvɛʤtəbəlz, aɪ hərd ðə saʊnd əv ðət. ˈsəmθɪŋ maɪ mɑm dɪz ɔl ðə taɪm. æsk fər ə foʊn kɔl soʊ kɑrv aʊt ðə taɪm, ənd stɑrt ˈkʊkɪŋ ər ˈsəmθɪŋ, ənd aɪ kən hir hər ənd nɑt peɪɪŋ əˈtɛnʃən. aɪ faɪnd ɪt ˈrɪli ˈfrəˌstreɪtɪŋ. əˈpɛrəntli dəg hɪd ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈlæpˌtɑp ɪn ðə rum, ənd [poorna*] ˈæˌkʧuəli faɪnd ɪt. soʊ ɔn ðə foʊn ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs pɔz. ðɛr wɑz stəf laɪk ðət. aɪ wɑz ˌənəˈwɛr, ənd ˈɑbviəsli si wət aɪ wɑz duɪŋ æt ɔl. wɑz ˌɪnərˈæktɪŋ wɪθ ju ɪn ˈrilˌtaɪm? ʃi hæd ə mɪk ənd ʃi wɑz biɪŋ rɪˈkɔrdɪd lɪv. aɪ kʊd hir ɪt æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ɪn maɪ ˈɪrpis. ðət weɪ, ɪf wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˌɪmprəˈvaɪz ər hæv ə ˈmuvmənt, wi kʊd du ðət. ɪt wʊd bi ˈjuzəbəl ɔn ðə ʃoʊ. wɑz ðət jʊr fərst taɪm ˈæktɪŋ wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən hu ðɛr? dən ə ʃoʊ wɛr wi hæd ən ˈɪrpis bɪˈkəz wən əv ðə kæst ˈmɛmbərz pleɪd ˈsəmˌwən ˌɪnˈsaɪd ə kəmˈpjutər. wi hæd ˈtiˈviz. wi wər ɔn ə ˈspeɪsˌʃɪp. wi si hər, bət wi kʊd hir hər pərˈfɔrməns lɪv, ənd wi hæd tɪ seɪ ðə laɪnz ɔn taɪm. ɪt wɑz ˈvɛri riˈhərst. ðɪs wɑz ʤɪst, aɪ ˈbɛrli nu ˈɛni əv ðə wərdz. aɪ hæd tɪ græsp æt ɪt, ənd ðə steɪks wər məʧ haɪər. ɪt dɪd fil laɪk ðə moʊst juˈnik ɪkˈspɪriəns. aɪ kəmˈpɛr ɪt tɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls. ɪz ˈæŋʃəs θruaʊt, bət ɪt saʊnz laɪk ju wər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈæŋʃəs, tu? kəmˈplitli ˈæŋʃəs. aɪ pʊld ən ðət naɪt. ənd ðɛn aɪ droʊv tɪ ˈglɛnˌdeɪl, əˈbaʊt 15 ˈmɪnəts frəm wɛr aɪ lɪv, wɛr ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ wɑz. aɪ mɛt ðə dɪˈrɛktər, ənd hi wɑz ə dɪˈrɛktər. ɛz ən ˈæktər, ˈplɛnti əv ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊrɪti. ju hæv 22 ˈmɪnəts. ˈnɔrməli ɪf nɑt ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ, ðeɪ kən kət tɪ əˈnəðər feɪs. nɑt ˈhævɪŋ ðət ˈɔpʃən æt ɔl wɑz ə bɪg ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊrɪti. ənd nɑt ˈhævɪŋ ə græsp ɔn ðə məˈtɪriəl, goʊɪŋ θru ɔl ðə stəf ðə ˈkɛrɪktər goʊz θru, ə lɔt əv ˈʒɑnrəz ˈkɑmədi, θˈrɪlər, ə ˈvɛri ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl pɑrt. ənd ðɛn, ˈgɪtɪŋ ðɛr ənd ˈlərnɪŋ ðət aɪ wɑz wɪθ ə dɪˈrɛktər wɑz əˈnəðər θɪŋ ðət, oʊ gɑd, aɪ ˈivɪn fil ðət aɪ kən trəst wət duɪŋ. ə lɔt əv ðət stəf, aɪ θɪŋk, wɑz gʊd, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈkɛrɪktər ɪz goʊɪŋ θru soʊ məʧ frəˈstreɪʃən. wɪn si ɪt, aɪ kʊd ˈdɛfənətli tɛl ðət aɪ noʊ ðə laɪnz, spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈmoʊmənts wɛr ɪt ˈrɪli lʊks laɪk ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ðə wərd. ɪt wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst bəˈlivəbəl. aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, gɑd, aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ðɪs wən θɪŋ. ɪn ə weɪ, ɪt wərkt aʊt. ðə hoʊl ˈprɔˌsɛs wɑz ˈvɛri ˈstrɛsfəl. aɪ slip, aɪ ˈmɛmərˌaɪzd ðə fərst 15 ˈpeɪʤɪz ənd fɛlt ˈprɪti gʊd əˈbaʊt ɪt. ðɛn aɪ droʊv streɪt. ˈbeɪsɪkli bɪn əp fər 40 aʊərz. ðeɪ wər laɪk, duɪŋ great.”*.” aɪ wɑz laɪk, ““guys*, aɪ strɛs ɪˈnəf ðət aɪ slɛpt ənd aɪ lʊkt æt ðə ˈsɛkənd hæf əv ðə episode.”*.” ðeɪ wər laɪk, ˈfɪgjər ɪt out.”*.” ˈvɛri səˈpɔrtɪv. ðə nɛkst deɪ wɑz mɔr stɑrt ənd stɑp. aɪ fɛlt gʊd wɪn ɪt wɑz ɔl ˈoʊvər. ˈfɔrti aʊərz? ˈkreɪzi. aɪ laɪk sˈlipɪŋ naɪn aʊərz ə naɪt, soʊ fər mi ɪt wɑz tu lɔŋ. bət wərθ ɪt, aɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ hir ðə pɑrt ˈrɪtən fər ən ˈɪndiən. rɛr θɪŋz goʊ ðət weɪ ˌjunəˈvərsəl pɑrts tɪ ˈɪndiən ˈæktərz, ˈrəðər ðən ˈɪndiən pɑrts tɪ waɪt ˈæktərz. aɪ fil laɪk bɪn ˈvɛri ˈfɔrʧənət. wɪn aɪ wɛnt tɪ ˈθieɪtər skul, moʊst əv ðə ˈpipəl aɪ ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd wɪθ ˈwərkɪŋ. kənˈsɪstəntli wərkt ənd meɪd ə gʊd ˈlɪvɪŋ. aɪ du fil ə lɔt əv taɪmz nɑt ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ˈfʊli ʃoʊ jʊr pəˈtɛnʃəl. aɪ ʤɪst hæd ə ʧæns tɪ ʃoʊ ɪt. fər mi, ðɪs wɑz ə ʧæns tɪ ˈrɪli ju haɪd. ðə hoʊl taɪm. ju hæv tɪ ˈʤəgəl ɔl ðə ˈʒɑnrəz, hæv tɪ bi ril wɪθ ɪt ənd ʃoʊ ə rɑ saɪd əv ˈjɔrsɛlf, ər nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ wərk. ˈnɛvər bɪn ˈgɪvɪn ðət ˌɑpərˈtunəti. aɪ ʤɪst fil ˈvɛri ˈləki ðət ˈərli ɔn ɪn maɪ kərɪr aɪ gɑt tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðɪs. ə ˈtɛstəmənt tɪ mɑrk ənd ʤeɪ. kaɪnd əv ðɛr brænd, ɛz fɑr ɛz aɪ si ɪt. ðeɪ kən si ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪn ˈəðər ˈpipəl ðət ˈpipəl ˈriəˌlaɪz ɪn ðɛmˈsɛlvz. wɪθ mɑrk, aɪ wɑz ˈfrikɪŋ aʊt əˈbaʊt nɑt ˈhævɪŋ ɪˈnəf taɪm, bət hi wɑz ðə moʊst ˈkɑmɪŋ. hi wɑz soʊ ˈkɑnfədənt. ɪn ə wɪrd weɪ, ɪf ˈsəmˌwən ɪz soʊ ˈkɑnfədənt ɪn ju, ɪt meɪks ju bi laɪk, oʊ, aɪ gɛs sin ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn mi aɪ sin. haɪərd soʊ ˈmɛni ˈraɪtərz ənd dɪˈrɛktərz hu dən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, wɪʧ ˈnɛvər ˈhæpənz. wɪn ju hænd ɪt tɪ ˈsəmˌwən laɪk ðət, ˈvɛri sɪŋk ər swɪm. bət ðeɪ noʊ goʊɪŋ tɪ sɪŋk ər swɪm. daʊn fər ɪkˈspɛrəmənts? jæ, ɪgˈzæktli. mɑrk pɪʧt ˈeɪʧbiˈoʊ ðə ʃoʊ wɪθ ðɪs ˈstɔri. tɪ wət ˈhæpənd tɪ ɪm ɪn ril laɪf. ðeɪ raɪt ɪn səʧ ə weɪ ðət səʧ ə ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈstɔri. ðeɪ kʊd hæv əˈdæptɪd ɪt wɪθ ˈɛni pɛr əv ˈæktərz ənd ɪt wʊd hæv wərkt. ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl sin ɪt ər laɪk, aɪ hæv hæd ðət seɪm ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən. du ju θɪŋk mɑrk sɔ ɪn ju ə ʃɛrd kˈwɑləti wɪθ ðə ˈkɛrɪktər? wɪn hi toʊld mi hi θɔt aɪ kʊd du ɪt, aɪ ˈvɛri ˈɑnəstli wɑz laɪk, hi ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə mɪˈsteɪk. aɪ wɑz laɪk, wət həz hi sin ðət meɪks ɪm θɪŋk aɪ kʊd du ɪt? ɔn ðə peɪʤ ɪt rɛd soʊ məʧ ðət ðə ˈkɛrɪktər wɑz ˈgɪtɪŋ əˈnɔɪd. aɪ wɑz laɪk, aɪ θɪŋk mɑrk həz sin mi tɔk laɪk ðət. wət hi sɛd tɪ mi wɑz, ʤɪst wɔnt ðɪs tɪ bi ə ˈvɛri swit ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd. aɪ nid ju tɪ brɪŋ ðɪs sˈwitnəs tɪ ɪt æt ðə ɛnd wɛr ju ˈrɪli fil fər ðɪs gaɪ, wɛr ju wɔnt ɪm tɪ fail.”*.” ðɪs pur kɪd, hi kæʧ ə breɪk. wɪn aɪ gɑt ɔn ðɪs, aɪ wɑz ˈrɪli laɪk, ʤɪst goʊɪŋ tɪ drɔ ɔn maɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns, ənd ðət wɑz ðət aɪ gɪt ˈrɪli mæd æt maɪ mɑm wɪn aɪ tɔk tɪ hər əˈbaʊt stəf laɪk ðɪs. aɪ θɪŋk ˈɛvər sin mi sˈnæpi ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. wɪn bɪn əraʊnd ɪm, ˈɔlˌweɪz æt maɪ bɛst bɪˈheɪvjər. wɪn aɪ wɔʧ ðə ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd, aɪ fil ˈəgli. ðət ɪz ənˈfɔrʧənətli haʊ aɪ tɔk tɪ maɪ mɑm ɪf əˈloʊn ənd seɪɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈnɔɪɪŋ aɪ wɪl bi ˈrɪli min. aɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli θɔt ju wər səˈpraɪzɪŋli nis tɪ jʊr mɑm, ˈgɪvɪn haʊ ˈdɪfəkəlt ʃi wɑz biɪŋ. ˈrɪli? aɪ wɑz laɪk, ðɪs gaɪ ˈivɪn ˈgɪvɪŋ hər ə ʧæns. wət ɛls ɪz goʊɪŋ ɔn fər ju? ˈɔlsoʊ ˈʃutɪŋ 2 ənd ə fju fɪlmz. wən ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ tərˈɑntoʊ [fɪlm ˈfɛstɪvəl], kɔld ˈjunɪˌkɔrn stɔr, wɪθ bri ˈlɑrsən ənd ʤoʊn ˈkjuzək. bri dɪrɛkˈtɔriəl ˈdeɪbju. ənd ə ˈmuvi kɔld ˈzɑmbi ˈɔfəs ˈəˌpraɪzɪŋ ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt nɛkst jɪr. ˈmoʊstli ˈmuvi wərk, nɑt soʊ məʧ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən. wət əˈbaʊt ðə ʃoʊ? ˈæˌkʧuəli, ðət naɪt, ðət ʃoʊ gɑt ˈkænsəld. maɪ ˈeɪʤənt kɔld ənd hi sɛd, hæv gʊd nuz ənd bæd news.”*.” aɪ wɑz laɪk, ðə bæd news?”*?” maɪ staɪl. ənd hi wɑz laɪk, lʊks laɪk jʊr ˈgɑnə gɪt ˈkænsəld. bɪˈkəz ðeɪ riˈlist ju tɪ du ˈeɪʧbiˈoʊ. ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ ðeɪ wʊd hæv dən it.”*.” soʊ aɪ wɑz laɪk, ðə gʊd news?”*?” hi wɑz laɪk, duɪŋ ðɪs show!”*!” aɪ wɑz laɪk, ˈlərnɪd ðə laɪnz yet!”*!” ðɪs ˈɪntərvˌju həz bɪn ˈɛdɪtɪd ənd kənˈdɛnst. |
there's been some level of uncertainty regarding and especially the outstanding product warranties. i covered's situation and its position at toshiba in our vertex 460 review but now we've finally got the official word about warranties as well.
in short, all's latest will be covered by warranty normally, but the unfortunate news is that all products (such ass, dram, drives etc.) will not be supported at all. outstanding product warranties were excluded from the acquisition terms, so it appears that toshiba is only willing to cover the most necessary products, those being's most popular. bear in mind that the acquisition only included's consumer and enterprise storage divisions -- last time i heard was looking for a buyer for its other units but it seems that they've not been able to find one.
update: told us that they have a buyer for their business with more details to follow in two weeks. the ram and cooling divisions have been discontinued a long while ago, though.
normal support support until jan 22, 2015 not supported vector 150 vector vertex 460 vertex 450 vertex 4 vertex 3 vertex 2 vertex 3 agility 4 agility 3 agility 2 agility all products core series apex petrol octane series solid series colossus series ibis hybrid summit synapse onyx series solid series i (1st gen) (1st gen)
the good news is that the most popular are covered, including the older members of the vertex family. the agility series will be supported for another year, meaning that some warranties of agility 3 and 4 will be shortened. unsupported products include the rest of's and most of these are models that were never even sampled to media. ultimately i believe these products were also's stumbling blocks because although they were cheap, the performance was horrible and failure rates were ridiculously high.
if you have an unsupported product, you may not be out of luck if you happen to live in or other region with strict consumer protection laws. here in finland the seller is responsible for the warranty by law and's decision to discontinue support for some products does not change that. obviously i can't speak for other countries but this is something worth finding out in case your product fails during the original, now discontinued, warranty period.
the full details can be found on's warranty page. | ðɛrz bɪn səm ˈlɛvəl əv ənˈsərtənti rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ənd əˈspɛʃəli ðə ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ˈprɑdəkt ˈwɔrəntiz. aɪ ˈkəvərd ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ənd ɪts pəˈzɪʃən æt toʊˈʃibə ɪn ɑr ˈvərˌtɛks 460 ˌrivˈju bət naʊ wiv ˈfaɪnəli gɑt ðə əˈfɪʃəl wərd əˈbaʊt ˈwɔrəntiz ɛz wɛl. ɪn ʃɔrt, ɔl ˈleɪtəst wɪl bi ˈkəvərd baɪ ˈwɔrənti ˈnɔrməli, bət ðə ənˈfɔrʧənət nuz ɪz ðət ɔl ˈprɑdəkts (səʧ ɛz psus*, ˈdiˌræm, draɪvz ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) wɪl nɑt bi səˈpɔrtɪd æt ɔl. ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ˈprɑdəkt ˈwɔrəntiz wər ɪkˈskludɪd frəm ðə ˌækwəˈzɪʃən tərmz, soʊ ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət toʊˈʃibə ɪz ˈoʊnli ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈkəvər ðə moʊst ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈprɑdəkts, ðoʊz biɪŋ moʊst ˈpɑpjələr. bɛr ɪn maɪnd ðət ðə ˌækwəˈzɪʃən ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈkludɪd kənˈsumər ənd ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ˈstɔrɪʤ dɪˈvɪʒənz læst taɪm aɪ hərd wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə baɪər fər ɪts ˈəðər ˈjunɪts bət ɪt simz ðət ðeɪv nɑt bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ faɪnd wən. ˈəpˌdeɪt: toʊld ˈjuˈɛs ðət ðeɪ hæv ə baɪər fər ðɛr ˈbɪznɪs wɪθ mɔr ˈditeɪlz tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ɪn tu wiks. ðə ræm ənd ˈkulɪŋ dɪˈvɪʒənz hæv bɪn dɪskənˈtɪnjud ə lɔŋ waɪl əˈgoʊ, ðoʊ. ˈnɔrməl səˈpɔrt səˈpɔrt ənˈtɪl ʤæn 22 2015 nɑt səˈpɔrtɪd ˈvɛktər 150 ˈvɛktər ˈvərˌtɛks 460 ˈvərˌtɛks 450 ˈvərˌtɛks 4 ˈvərˌtɛks 3 ˈvərˌtɛks 2 ˈvərˌtɛks 3 əˈʤɪləti 4 əˈʤɪləti 3 əˈʤɪləti 2 əˈʤɪləti ɔl ˈprɑdəkts kɔr ˈsɪriz ˈeɪˌpɛks ˈpɛtroʊl ˈɑkteɪn ˈsɪriz ˈsɑləd ˈsɪriz kəˈlɑsəs ˈsɪriz ˈaɪbəs ˈhaɪbrɪd ˈsəmɪt sɪæps ˈɑnɪks ˈsɪriz ˈsɑləd ˈsɪriz aɪ ʤɛn) ʤɛn) ðə gʊd nuz ɪz ðət ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ər ˈkəvərd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈoʊldər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈvərˌtɛks ˈfæməli. ðə əˈʤɪləti ˈsɪriz wɪl bi səˈpɔrtɪd fər əˈnəðər jɪr, ˈminɪŋ ðət səm ˈwɔrəntiz əv əˈʤɪləti 3 ənd 4 wɪl bi ˈʃɔrtənd. ənsəˈpɔrtɪd ˈprɑdəkts ˌɪnˈklud ðə rɛst əv ənd moʊst əv ðiz ər ˈmɑdəlz ðət wər ˈnɛvər ˈivɪn ˈsæmpəld tɪ ˈmidiə. ˈəltəmətli aɪ bɪˈliv ðiz ˈprɑdəkts wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈstəmbəlɪŋ blɑks bɪˈkəz ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðeɪ wər ʧip, ðə pərˈfɔrməns wɑz ˈhɔrəbəl ənd ˈfeɪljər reɪts wər rəˈdɪkjələsli haɪ. ɪf ju hæv ən ənsəˈpɔrtɪd ˈprɑdəkt, ju meɪ nɑt bi aʊt əv lək ɪf ju ˈhæpən tɪ lɪv ɪn ər ˈəðər ˈriʤən wɪθ strɪkt kənˈsumər prəˈtɛkʃən lɔz. hir ɪn ˈfɪnˌlænd ðə ˈsɛlər ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə ˈwɔrənti baɪ lɔ ənd dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ dɪskənˈtɪnju səˈpɔrt fər səm ˈprɑdəkts dɪz nɑt ʧeɪnʤ ðət. ˈɑbviəsli aɪ kænt spik fər ˈəðər ˈkəntriz bət ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ wərθ ˈfaɪndɪŋ aʊt ɪn keɪs jʊr ˈprɑdəkt feɪlz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl, naʊ dɪskənˈtɪnjud, ˈwɔrənti ˈpɪriəd. ðə fʊl ˈditeɪlz kən bi faʊnd ɔn ˈwɔrənti peɪʤ. |
the digital index of north american archaeology) project is an index of linked open data citations and ontological connections that the following:
archaeological site names or
culture histories
artifact
sociocultural definitions of site use
practical representations of investigative methods and information qualities
as its base layer, adapts governmental heritage management for broader open and public uses. is an exercise in open government data and community data sharing based on open source standards and ethics. (from construction, through rollout, and into future planning) is an example of how digital is simply the way we do archaeology now, and what that means for us as professionals and social scientists.
dinaa is a partnership between the university of tennessee, indiana university south bend, and the alexandria archive institute, funded by the national science foundation #1216810 & #1217240). our partners in many state historic preservation offices state archaeology offices have been amazingly enthusiastic and forthcoming in their provision of data to this end. to facilitate the and reuse of these heterogeneous governmental digital data,’s workflows, infrastructure, and products emphasize openness and contextual controls.
dinaa’s 2014 goal is to integrate public data from offline and online digital repositories, representing up to twenty us states, describing over half a million archaeological sites in eastern north america. see open context. promotes broad public extension and reuse by researchers, educators, government officials, and interested stakeholders including indigenous peoples, who may of course any and all of the preceding categories. we strive to lower barriers to engagement and will provide direct instruction for any user to incorporate query results with open source applications like as files. involves methodologies and workflows typical of many open science and digital humanities programs. is meant to be open and participatory, and the long-term goal for the project is stable perpetuation as an open source, entity, overseen by a volunteer board and a set of principles likely derived from existing and widely supported models like creative commons and the gnu and open source software definitions.
however, in construction and maintenance, the distributed nature of data production related to, coupled with protections for sensitive data (locational, personal, and cultural), add layers of organizational complexity that can only be resolved by people. ethically negotiating these issues demands collaboration between stakeholder communities, but the reward is an unprecedented of the archaeological record of north america across vast regions and time scales. so what kind of anthropology are we today, and how will archaeologists make sense of linked open data?
american anthropology itself has a longstanding experience of very mixed successes with the comprehension of digital life as a subject let alone as practice, and that is indeed where we find ourselves now, as anthropologists reflexively engaged in trying to comprehend the nests and warrens built on the web and internet through which we all live. anthropologists are entangled in questions of what constitutes engaging cultural behavior online. how does a person recognize evidence of culture on a screen or through other media delivery? why does a person feel compelled to participate in a cultural community dissected by space (and perhaps time) but connected through mediated symbols and practices? as archaeologists, we have to answer these questions as they pertain to the culture of our profession, to the broader spectrum of stakeholders who are interested in archaeological information (and may legislate or litigate on account of it), and to data producers and reusers, who must decide what constitutes meaningful data sets for and linkage.
an important lesson of, as a compilation of data products from an unevenly networked community of practice, is that archaeologists are creating digital and reports with inherent anthropological, geographic, and other scientific value in parallel systems that are not even coherent by humans, let alone software, without expert guidance. yet within their own contexts, each of the digital that form the base layer is extremely successful, as a tool to promote local preservation, as resource guides, and for statistical or spatial modeling to meet local obligations. for instance, within one state government dataset used as base data in, cultural concepts are stored in a series of binary fields, in different offices there are text fields, in still more there are lookup lists of allowable fields. so what can archaeologists do to promote and open access? what lessons can we draw from the experience so far?
dinaa maintains the importance of undisclosed locations through its map protocol that assigns archaeological sites to cells that measure on a side (or 400 square kilometers). no site coordinates are ever communicated through, and in fact they are redacted before the data ever even goes online for editing let alone publication. demonstrates quite well for american archaeology the interpretive powers of large linked open data sets that can be readily accomplished if we disabuse ourselves of a fetish for coordinates and give primacy to the interpretive value of places. similarly redacted prior to publication on are fields that may relate to personal information (landowner names), features, or culturally sensitive descriptors. has opened lines of communication with numerous tribal historic preservation offices (thpos) for this purpose, and hopefully to engage interested or other tribal partners with developing indigenous participation in for the long-term). to put a definitive statement to the question of where the obstacles are to promoting reuse and: they are within us.
linked open data, spatial data, and archaeological data are inherently political, contestable, and sensitive, each in their own right and with emergent properties in combination. however, when we recognize that extant and future systems of digital data are human constructs, just as much as are the anthropological data within them, can we frame linkages, openness, and use purposes as behaviors to be negotiated among a community through practice, critique, and education.
see more at open context.
authored by joshua j. wells, eric c. kansa, sarah w. kansa, stephen j. yerka, david g. anderson, kelsey noack myers, r. carl demuth, and thad bisset
view the complete collection of stories for open science week. | ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈɪndɛks əv nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɑrkiˈɑləʤi) ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪz ən ˈɪndɛks əv lɪŋkt ˈoʊpən ˈdætə saɪˈteɪʃənz ənd ˌɑntəˈlɑʤɪkəl kəˈnɛkʃənz ðət ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: ˌɑrkiəˈlɑʤɪkəl saɪt neɪmz ər ˈkəlʧər ˈhɪstəriz ˈɑrtəˌfækt ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃənz əv saɪt juz ˈpræktɪkəl ˌrɛprəzənˈteɪʃənz əv ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪv ˈmɛθədz ənd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən kˈwɑlətiz ɛz ɪts beɪs leɪər, əˈdæpts ˌgəvərnˈmɛntəl ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ˈmænɪʤmənt fər ˈbrɔdər ˈoʊpən ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈjuzɪz. ɪz ən ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɪn ˈoʊpən ˈgəvərnmənt ˈdætə ənd kəmˈjunɪti ˈdætə ˈʃɛrɪŋ beɪst ɔn ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈstændərdz ənd ˈɛθɪks. (frəm kənˈstrəkʃən, θru ˈroʊˌlaʊt, ənd ˈɪntu fˈjuʧər ˈplænɪŋ) ɪz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv haʊ ˈdɪʤɪtəl ɪz ˈsɪmpli ðə weɪ wi du ˌɑrkiˈɑləʤi naʊ, ənd wət ðət minz fər ˈjuˈɛs ɛz prəˈfɛʃənəlz ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪəntɪsts. ɪz ə ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌtɛnəˈsi, ˌɪndiˈænə ˌjunəˈvərsəti saʊθ bɛnd, ənd ðə ˌæləgˈzændriə ˈɑrˌkaɪv ˈɪnstɪˌtut, ˈfəndɪd baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl saɪəns faʊnˈdeɪʃən 1216810 1217240 ɑr ˈpɑrtnərz ɪn ˈmɛni steɪt hɪˈstɔrɪk ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən ˈɔfəsɪz steɪt ˌɑrkiˈɑləʤi ˈɔfəsɪz hæv bɪn əˈmeɪzɪŋli ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk ənd ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ ɪn ðɛr prəˈvɪʒən əv ˈdætə tɪ ðɪs ɛnd. tɪ fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ðə ənd riˈjuz əv ðiz ˌhɛtərəˈʤinjəs ˌgəvərnˈmɛntəl ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈdætə, ˈwərkˌfloʊz, ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər, ənd ˈprɑdəkts ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz ˈoʊpənəs ənd ˌkɑnˈtɛksˌʧuəl kənˈtroʊlz. 2014 goʊl ɪz tɪ ˈɪnəˌgreɪt ˈpəblɪk ˈdætə frəm ˈɔˌflaɪn ənd ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈdɪʤɪtəl riˈpɑzəˌtɔriz, ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ əp tɪ tˈwɛnti ˈjuˈɛs steɪts, dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ˈoʊvər hæf ə ˈmɪljən ˌɑrkiəˈlɑʤɪkəl saɪts ɪn ˈistərn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə. si ˈoʊpən ˈkɑntɛkst. prəˈmoʊts brɔd ˈpəblɪk ɪkˈstɛnʃən ənd riˈjuz baɪ ˈrisərʧərz, ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtərz, ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz, ənd ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ˈsteɪˌkhoʊldərz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈpipəlz, hu meɪ əv kɔrs ˈɛni ənd ɔl əv ðə priˈsidɪŋ ˈkætəˌgɔriz. wi straɪv tɪ loʊər ˈbɛriərz tɪ ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt ənd wɪl prəˈvaɪd dɪˈrɛkt ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən fər ˈɛni ˈjuzər tɪ ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪt kˈwiri rɪˈzəlts wɪθ ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz laɪk ɛz faɪlz. ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˌmɛθoʊˈdɑləʤiz ənd ˈwərkˌfloʊz ˈtɪpɪkəl əv ˈmɛni ˈoʊpən saɪəns ənd ˈdɪʤɪtəl juˈmænɪtiz ˈproʊˌgræmz. ɪz mɛnt tɪ bi ˈoʊpən ənd ˌpɑrˈtɪsəpəˌtɔri, ənd ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm goʊl fər ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪz ˈsteɪbəl pərˌpɛʧəˈweɪʃən ɛz ən ˈoʊpən sɔrs, ˈɛntɪti, ˈoʊvərˌsin baɪ ə ˌvɑlənˈtɪr bɔrd ənd ə sɛt əv ˈprɪnsəpəlz ˈlaɪkli dəraɪvd frəm ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ənd ˈwaɪdli səˈpɔrtɪd ˈmɑdəlz laɪk kriˈeɪtɪv ˈkɑmənz ənd ðə nu ənd ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃənz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn kənˈstrəkʃən ənd ˈmeɪntənəns, ðə dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˈneɪʧər əv ˈdætə pərˈdəkʃən rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ, ˈkəpəld wɪθ prəˈtɛkʃənz fər ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ˈdætə (locational*, ˈpərsɪnəl, ənd ˈkəlʧərəl), æd leɪərz əv ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənəl kəmˈplɛksɪti ðət kən ˈoʊnli bi riˈzɑlvd baɪ ˈpipəl. ˈɛθɪkəli nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ ðiz ˈɪʃuz dɪˈmændz kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən bɪtˈwin ˈsteɪˌkhoʊldər kəmˈjunɪtiz, bət ðə rɪˈwɔrd ɪz ən ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd əv ðə ˌɑrkiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈrɛkərd əv nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə əˈkrɔs væst ˈriʤənz ənd taɪm skeɪlz. soʊ wət kaɪnd əv ˌænθrəˈpɑləʤi ər wi təˈdeɪ, ənd haʊ wɪl ˌɑrkiˈɑləʤɪsts meɪk sɛns əv lɪŋkt ˈoʊpən ˈdætə? əˈmɛrɪkən ˌænθrəˈpɑləʤi ˌɪtˈsɛlf həz ə ˈlɔŋˌstændɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns əv ˈvɛri mɪkst səkˈsɛsɪz wɪθ ðə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnʃən əv ˈdɪʤɪtəl laɪf ɛz ə ˈsəbʤɪkt lɛt əˈloʊn ɛz ˈpræktɪs, ənd ðət ɪz ˌɪnˈdid wɛr wi faɪnd ɑrˈsɛlvz naʊ, ɛz ˌænθrəˈpɑləʤɪsts riˈflɛksɪvli ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnd ðə nɛsts ənd ˈwɔrənz bɪlt ɔn ðə wɛb ənd ˈɪntərˌnɛt θru wɪʧ wi ɔl lɪv. ˌænθrəˈpɑləʤɪsts ər ɛnˈtæŋgəld ɪn kˈwɛsʧənz əv wət ˈkɑnstəˌtuts ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ˈkəlʧərəl bɪˈheɪvjər ˈɔnˌlaɪn. haʊ dɪz ə ˈpərsən ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ˈɛvədəns əv ˈkəlʧər ɔn ə skrin ər θru ˈəðər ˈmidiə dɪˈlɪvəri? waɪ dɪz ə ˈpərsən fil kəmˈpɛld tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ə ˈkəlʧərəl kəmˈjunɪti daɪˈsɛktəd baɪ speɪs (ənd pərˈhæps taɪm) bət kəˈnɛktɪd θru ˈmidiˌeɪtɪd ˈsɪmbəlz ənd ˈpræktɪsɪz? ɛz ˌɑrkiˈɑləʤɪsts, wi hæv tɪ ˈænsər ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz ɛz ðeɪ pərˈteɪn tɪ ðə ˈkəlʧər əv ɑr prəˈfɛʃən, tɪ ðə ˈbrɔdər ˈspɛktrəm əv ˈsteɪˌkhoʊldərz hu ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˌɑrkiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən (ənd meɪ ˈlɛʤɪsˌleɪt ər ˈlɪtɪˌgeɪt ɔn əˈkaʊnt əv ɪt), ənd tɪ ˈdætə prəˈdusərz ənd reusers*, hu məst ˌdɪˈsaɪd wət ˈkɑnstəˌtuts ˈminɪŋfəl ˈdætə sɛts fər ənd ˈlɪŋkɪʤ. ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈlɛsən əv, ɛz ə ˌkɑmpəˈleɪʃən əv ˈdætə ˈprɑdəkts frəm ən əˈnivənli ˈnɛtˌwərkt kəmˈjunɪti əv ˈpræktɪs, ɪz ðət ˌɑrkiˈɑləʤɪsts ər kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈdɪʤɪtəl ənd rɪˈpɔrts wɪθ ˌɪnˈhɛrənt ˌænθrəpəˈlɑʤəkəl, ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk, ənd ˈəðər ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈvælju ɪn ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ˈsɪstəmz ðət ər nɑt ˈivɪn koʊˈhɪrənt baɪ ˈjumənz, lɛt əˈloʊn ˈsɔfˌwɛr, wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛkspərt ˈgaɪdəns. jɛt wɪˈθɪn ðɛr oʊn ˈkɑnˌtɛksts, iʧ əv ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ðət fɔrm ðə beɪs leɪər ɪz ɪkˈstrimli səkˈsɛsfəl, ɛz ə tul tɪ prəˈmoʊt ˈloʊkəl ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən, ɛz ˈrisɔrs gaɪdz, ənd fər stəˈtɪstɪkəl ər ˈspeɪʃəl ˈmɑdəlɪŋ tɪ mit ˈloʊkəl ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃənz. fər ˈɪnstəns, wɪˈθɪn wən steɪt ˈgəvərnmənt ˈdeɪtəˌsɛt juzd ɛz beɪs ˈdætə ɪn, ˈkəlʧərəl ˈkɑnsɛpts ər stɔrd ɪn ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈbaɪnəˌri fildz, ɪn ˈdɪfərənt ˈɔfəsɪz ðɛr ər tɛkst fildz, ɪn stɪl mɔr ðɛr ər ˈlʊkəp lɪsts əv əˈlaʊəbəl fildz. soʊ wət kən ˌɑrkiˈɑləʤɪsts du tɪ prəˈmoʊt ənd ˈoʊpən ˈækˌsɛs? wət ˈlɛsənz kən wi drɔ frəm ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns soʊ fɑr? meɪnˈteɪnz ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˌəndɪˈskloʊzd loʊˈkeɪʃənz θru ɪts mæp ˈproʊtəˌkɔl ðət əˈsaɪnz ˌɑrkiəˈlɑʤɪkəl saɪts tɪ sɛlz ðət ˈmɛʒər ɔn ə saɪd (ər 400 skwɛr ˈkɪləˌmitərz). noʊ saɪt koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪts ər ˈɛvər kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪd θru, ənd ɪn fækt ðeɪ ər rɪˈdæktɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈdætə ˈɛvər ˈivɪn goʊz ˈɔnˌlaɪn fər ˈɛdɪtɪŋ lɛt əˈloʊn ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən. ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts kwaɪt wɛl fər əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɑrkiˈɑləʤi ðə ˌɪnˈtərprətɪv paʊərz əv lɑrʤ lɪŋkt ˈoʊpən ˈdætə sɛts ðət kən bi ˈrɛdəli əˈkɑmplɪʃt ɪf wi dɪsəˈbjuz ɑrˈsɛlvz əv ə ˈfɛtɪʃ fər koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪts ənd gɪv ˈpraɪməsi tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈtərprətɪv ˈvælju əv ˈpleɪsɪz. ˈsɪmələrli rɪˈdæktɪd praɪər tɪ ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən ɔn ər fildz ðət meɪ rɪˈleɪt tɪ ˈpərsɪnəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən (ˈlænˌdoʊnər neɪmz), ˈfiʧərz, ər ˈkəlʧərəˌli ˈsɛnsɪtɪv descriptors*. həz ˈoʊpənd laɪnz əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən wɪθ ˈnumərəs ˈtraɪbəl hɪˈstɔrɪk ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən ˈɔfəsɪz (thpos*) fər ðɪs ˈpərpəs, ənd ˈhoʊpfəli tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ər ˈəðər ˈtraɪbəl ˈpɑrtnərz wɪθ dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ɪn fər ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm). tɪ pʊt ə dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ ðə kˈwɛʃən əv wɛr ðə ˈɑbstəkəlz ər tɪ prəˈmoʊtɪŋ riˈjuz ənd: ðeɪ ər wɪˈθɪn ˈjuˈɛs. lɪŋkt ˈoʊpən ˈdætə, ˈspeɪʃəl ˈdætə, ənd ˌɑrkiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈdætə ər ˌɪnˈhɛrəntli pəˈlɪtɪkəl, kənˈtɛstəbəl, ənd ˈsɛnsɪtɪv, iʧ ɪn ðɛr oʊn raɪt ənd wɪθ ˈimərʤənt ˈprɑpərtiz ɪn ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪn wi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət ˈɛkstənt ənd fˈjuʧər ˈsɪstəmz əv ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈdætə ər ˈjumən ˈkɑnstrəkts, ʤɪst ɛz məʧ ɛz ər ðə ˌænθrəpəˈlɑʤəkəl ˈdætə wɪˈθɪn ðɛm, kən wi freɪm ˈlɪŋkɪʤɪz, ˈoʊpənəs, ənd juz ˈpərpəsɪz ɛz bɪˈheɪvjərz tɪ bi nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪd əˈməŋ ə kəmˈjunɪti θru ˈpræktɪs, krɪˈtik, ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. si mɔr æt ˈoʊpən ˈkɑntɛkst. ˈɔθərd baɪ ˈʤɑˌʃuə ʤeɪ. wɛlz, ˈɛrɪk si. kansa*, ˈsɛrə ˈdəbəlju. kansa*, ˈstivən ʤeɪ. yerka*, ˈdeɪvɪd ʤi. ˈændərsən, ˈkɛlsi noʊk maɪərz, ɑr. kɑrl ˈdiməθ, ənd θæd ˈbɪsɪt vju ðə kəmˈplit kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈstɔriz fər ˈoʊpən saɪəns wik. |
santa claus converts to calvinism, moves everybody to naughty list
north a transformative moment reading r.c. what is reformed theology? for the first time earlier this week, legendary christmas icon santa claus reportedly converted to a full-on, calvinist, and almost immediately moved every single person on the planet to the naughty list, sources confirmed friday.
“how can i put anyone on the nice list, when every human being is totally depraved from birth?” st. nick was overheard saying to mrs. claus in his office. “no matter what filthy rags of righteousness they bring before the lord, they are condemned already based on their sin nature.”
the jolly man tasked his elves with purging the entire “nice” list and moving all the names over to the naughty list all afternoon, as he lectured them about their need for a savior who could save them completely.
“he’s actually getting kind of annoying at this point,” head elf jing said. “i wish we could just lock him in a cage for a few months to let him cool off before letting him interact with regular people again, but got the busy season going on right now. ugh.”
claus reportedly further repented of his system of giving out gifts, and will now instead select people to receive presents based on nothing good or bad within themselves, but solely on his mercy. | ˈsænə klɔz ˈkɑnvərts tɪ calvinism*, muvz ˈɛvriˌbɑdi tɪ ˈnɔti lɪst nɔrθ ə ˌtrænsˈfɔrmɑˌtɪv ˈmoʊmənt ˈrɛdɪŋ r.c*. wət ɪz rɪˈfɔrmd θiˈɑləʤi? fər ðə fərst taɪm ˈərliər ðɪs wik, ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˈkrɪsməs ˈaɪkɑn ˈsænə klɔz rɪˈpɔrtədli kənˈvərtɪd tɪ ə full-on*, ˈkælvɪnɪst, ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli muvd ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpərsən ɔn ðə ˈplænət tɪ ðə ˈnɔti lɪst, ˈsɔrsəz kənˈfərmd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. kən aɪ pʊt ˈɛniˌwən ɔn ðə nis lɪst, wɪn ˈɛvəri ˈjumən biɪŋ ɪz ˈtoʊtəli diˈpreɪvd frəm birth?”*?” st*. nɪk wɑz ˈoʊvərˈhərd seɪɪŋ tɪ ˈmɪsɪz. klɔz ɪn hɪz ˈɔfəs. ˈmætər wət ˈfɪlθi rægz əv ˈraɪʧəsnəs ðeɪ brɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə lɔrd, ðeɪ ər kənˈdɛmd ɔˈrɛdi beɪst ɔn ðɛr sɪn nature.”*.” ðə ˈʤɑli mæn tæskt hɪz ɛlvz wɪθ ˈpərʤɪŋ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ““nice”*” lɪst ənd ˈmuvɪŋ ɔl ðə neɪmz ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə ˈnɔti lɪst ɔl ˌæftərˈnun, ɛz hi ˈlɛkʧərd ðɛm əˈbaʊt ðɛr nid fər ə ˈseɪvjər hu kʊd seɪv ðɛm kəmˈplitli. ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈgɪtɪŋ kaɪnd əv əˈnɔɪɪŋ æt ðɪs point,”*,” hɛd ɛlf ʤɪŋ sɛd. wɪʃ wi kʊd ʤɪst lɑk ɪm ɪn ə keɪʤ fər ə fju mənθs tɪ lɛt ɪm kul ɔf ˌbiˈfɔr ˈlɛtɪŋ ɪm ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ ˈrɛgjələr ˈpipəl əˈgɛn, bət gɑt ðə ˈbɪzi ˈsizən goʊɪŋ ɔn raɪt naʊ. ugh.”*.” klɔz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈfərðər rɪˈpɛntɪd əv hɪz ˈsɪstəm əv ˈgɪvɪŋ aʊt gɪfts, ənd wɪl naʊ ˌɪnˈstɛd səˈlɛkt ˈpipəl tɪ rɪˈsiv ˈprɛzənts beɪst ɔn ˈnəθɪŋ gʊd ər bæd wɪˈθɪn ðɛmˈsɛlvz, bət ˈsoʊəli ɔn hɪz ˈmərsi. |
some good baseball last night. hell, even the game mattered a little, in the sense that the brewers now have home field in their nlds. tipster steven f. was there to see it. but, he got distracted in the process of doing so. to wit:
attached is a photograph i took of a man (centaur?) sitting five or six rows down from me in the right field bleachers at miller park wednesday night.
he mysteriously showed up in around the fifth or sixth inning, but i can't say for certain because nobody noticed his presence at first until suddenly he was there, almost mythologically.
he stuck to character well; i never heard him say a word, and any time he took a swig of beer he did so through the mouth of the mask.
around the seventh inning, an usher appeared and attempted to remove either the man or his mask. he budged on neither request, until about an inning later another usher appeared and firmly demanded that he either remove the horse mask or leave the ball game.
steadfastly, he rose from his seat and was escorted out, to an eruption of boos. according to the usher, security procedures forbid masks of any kind. he never once allowed them to remove it. | səm gʊd ˈbeɪsˈbɔl læst naɪt. hɛl, ˈivɪn ðə geɪm ˈmætərd ə ˈlɪtəl, ɪn ðə sɛns ðət ðə bruərz naʊ hæv hoʊm fild ɪn ðɛr nlds*. ˈtɪpstər ˈstivən ɛf. wɑz ðɛr tɪ si ɪt. bət, hi gɑt dɪˈstræktɪd ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv duɪŋ soʊ. tɪ wɪt: əˈtæʧt ɪz ə ˈfoʊtəˌgræf aɪ tʊk əv ə mæn (ˈsɛnˌtɔr?) ˈsɪtɪŋ faɪv ər sɪks roʊz daʊn frəm mi ɪn ðə raɪt fild ˈbliʧərz æt ˈmɪlər pɑrk ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt. hi ˌmɪˈstɪrjəsli ʃoʊd əp ɪn əraʊnd ðə fɪθ ər sɪksθ ˈɪnɪŋ, bət aɪ kænt seɪ fər ˈsərtən bɪˈkəz ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ˈnoʊtɪst hɪz ˈprɛzəns æt fərst ənˈtɪl ˈsədənli hi wɑz ðɛr, ˈɔlˌmoʊst mythologically*. hi stək tɪ ˈkɛrɪktər wɛl; aɪ ˈnɛvər hərd ɪm seɪ ə wərd, ənd ˈɛni taɪm hi tʊk ə swɪg əv bɪr hi dɪd soʊ θru ðə maʊθ əv ðə mæsk. əraʊnd ðə ˈsɛvənθ ˈɪnɪŋ, ən ˈəʃər əˈpɪrd ənd əˈtɛmptəd tɪ riˈmuv ˈiðər ðə mæn ər hɪz mæsk. hi bəʤd ɔn ˈniðər rɪkˈwɛst, ənˈtɪl əˈbaʊt ən ˈɪnɪŋ ˈleɪtər əˈnəðər ˈəʃər əˈpɪrd ənd ˈfərmli dɪˈmændɪd ðət hi ˈiðər riˈmuv ðə hɔrs mæsk ər liv ðə bɔl geɪm. ˈstɛdˌfæstli, hi roʊz frəm hɪz sit ənd wɑz ɛˈskɔrtɪd aʊt, tɪ ən ˌɪˈrəpʃən əv buz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈəʃər, sɪˈkjʊrəti prəˈsiʤərz fərˈbɪd mæsks əv ˈɛni kaɪnd. hi ˈnɛvər wəns əˈlaʊd ðɛm tɪ riˈmuv ɪt. |
cloanto releases amiga forever and forever 2012
august 26, 2011 - released today amiga forever 2012 and forever 2012, the latest versions of the official preservation, emulation and support suites for windows.
by adding powerful content authoring and integration functionality, amiga forever and forever 2012 close the circle between gaming, productivity and preservation of digital culture while adding new features and providing easier access to a universe of free and legal downloads.
the new versions build on a powerful synergy of original components:
rp9 file format, which is a compressed archive containing media images, configuration, description and ancillary data, developed by
retroplatform player and to interface with different emulation
cloanto's unique portfolio of rom and os licenses
the new packages can emulate the full range of, vic 20, pet/cbm, etc.) and systems (amiga, cdtv, etc.) using an intuitive media interface. the advanced authoring functionality sets new references in preserving and making accessible digital culture from the and 1990s. content created or edited with the windows software can be played back on other systems, including mobile devices (in part under development).
the 2012 versions not only include hundreds of software enhancements, but also add content of historical interest, like new interviews with amiga legends and dave haynie, also with video footage.
amiga forever 2012 is available now in three editions:
value edition installer for windows systems)
plus edition image with additional windows and content)
premium edition (physical plus edition content plus additional videos on 3 dvds)
c64 forever 2012 is available now in three editions:
amiga forever and forever passed official windows 7 logo tests on both and systems. prices for both amiga forever and forever start from $9.95 (special upgrade offers).
graphics
permission is granted to use the following graphics in the original context, with attribution.
premium edition box shots
detail of new features
workbench and
amikit and integration
aros and walker integration
player detail
player options detail
close options detail
rp9 files
rp9 title editor
rp9 toolbox
plus edition cd menu
tip of the day
workbench environment detail
workbench environment detail
kx light boot sequence
cloanto logo
links
amiga forever home page
https://www.amigaforever.com
screenshots
https://www.amigaforever.com/screenshots/
premium edition box shots
https://www.amigaforever.com/screenshots/box-premium/
new features
https://www.amigaforever.com/whatsnew/
quick instructions for
https://www.amigaforever.com/kb/15-121
c64 forever home page
https://www.c64forever.com
rp9 file format information
http://www.retroplatform.com/kb/15-122
this page
https://www.amigaforever.com/news-events/af-2012/
amiga forever feed
https://www.amigaforever.com/rss.xml | cloanto* rɪˈlisɪz əˈmigə fərˈɛvər ənd fərˈɛvər 2012 ˈɔgəst 26 2011 riˈlist təˈdeɪ əˈmigə fərˈɛvər 2012 ənd fərˈɛvər 2012 ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈvərʒənz əv ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən, ˌɛmjəˈleɪʃən ənd səˈpɔrt swits fər ˈwɪndoʊz. baɪ ˈædɪŋ ˈpaʊərfəl ˈkɑntɛnt ˈɔθərɪŋ ənd ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti, əˈmigə fərˈɛvər ənd fərˈɛvər 2012 kloʊz ðə ˈsərkəl bɪtˈwin ˈgeɪmɪŋ, ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti ənd ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən əv ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkəlʧər waɪl ˈædɪŋ nu ˈfiʧərz ənd prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈiziər ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ə ˈjunəˌvərs əv fri ənd ˈligəl ˈdaʊnˌloʊdz. ðə nu ˈvərʒənz bɪld ɔn ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈsɪnərʤi əv ərˈɪʤənəl kəmˈpoʊnənts: faɪl ˈfɔrˌmæt, wɪʧ ɪz ə kəmˈprɛst ˈɑrˌkaɪv kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈmidiə ˈɪmɪʤɪz, kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən, dɪˈskrɪpʃən ənd ˈænsəˌlɛri ˈdætə, dɪˈvɛləpt baɪ pleɪər ənd tɪ ˈɪnərˌfeɪs wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt ˌɛmjəˈleɪʃən juˈnik pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ əv rɑm ənd ɑs ˈlaɪsənsɪz ðə nu ˈpækɪʤɪz kən ˈɛmjəˌleɪt ðə fʊl reɪnʤ əv vɪk 20 pet/cbm*, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) ənd ˈsɪstəmz (əˈmigə, cdtv*, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) ˈjuzɪŋ ən ˌɪnˈtuətɪv ˈmidiə ˈɪnərˌfeɪs. ðə ədˈvænst ˈɔθərɪŋ ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti sɛts nu ˈrɛfərənsɪz ɪn prɪˈzərvɪŋ ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ækˈsɛsəbəl ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkəlʧər frəm ðə ənd 1990s*. ˈkɑntɛnt kriˈeɪtɪd ər ˈɛdɪtɪd wɪθ ðə ˈwɪndoʊz ˈsɔfˌwɛr kən bi pleɪd bæk ɔn ˈəðər ˈsɪstəmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz (ɪn pɑrt ˈəndər dɪˈvɛləpmənt). ðə 2012 ˈvərʒənz nɑt ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈklud ˈhənərdz əv ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɛnˈhænsmənts, bət ˈɔlsoʊ æd ˈkɑntɛnt əv hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈɪntəˌrɛst, laɪk nu ˈɪntərvˌjuz wɪθ əˈmigə ˈlɛʤəndz ənd deɪv ˈheɪni, ˈɔlsoʊ wɪθ ˈvɪdioʊ ˈfʊtɪʤ. əˈmigə fərˈɛvər 2012 ɪz əˈveɪləbəl naʊ ɪn θri ɪˈdɪʃənz: ˈvælju ɪˈdɪʃən ˌɪnˈstɔlər fər ˈwɪndoʊz ˈsɪstəmz) pləs ɪˈdɪʃən ˈɪmɪʤ wɪθ əˈdɪʃənəl ˈwɪndoʊz ənd ˈkɑntɛnt) ˈprimiəm ɪˈdɪʃən (ˈfɪzɪkəl pləs ɪˈdɪʃən ˈkɑntɛnt pləs əˈdɪʃənəl ˈvɪdioʊz ɔn 3 ˌdiˌviˈdiz) fərˈɛvər 2012 ɪz əˈveɪləbəl naʊ ɪn θri ɪˈdɪʃənz: əˈmigə fərˈɛvər ənd fərˈɛvər pæst əˈfɪʃəl ˈwɪndoʊz 7 ˈloʊgoʊ tɛsts ɔn boʊθ ənd ˈsɪstəmz. ˈpraɪsɪz fər boʊθ əˈmigə fərˈɛvər ənd fərˈɛvər stɑrt frəm (ˈspɛʃəl ˈəpˈgreɪd ˈɔfərz). ˈgræfɪks pərˈmɪʃən ɪz ˈgrænɪd tɪ juz ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈgræfɪks ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈkɑntɛkst, wɪθ ˌætrɪˈbjuʃən. ˈprimiəm ɪˈdɪʃən bɑks ʃɑts ˈditeɪl əv nu ˈfiʧərz ˈwərkˌbɛnʧ ənd ənd ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən ˈɑroʊz ənd ˈwɔkər ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən pleɪər ˈditeɪl pleɪər ˈɔpʃənz ˈditeɪl kloʊz ˈɔpʃənz ˈditeɪl faɪlz ˈtaɪtəl ˈɛdɪtər ˈtulˌbɔks pləs ɪˈdɪʃən ˈsiˈdi ˈmɛnju tɪp əv ðə deɪ ˈwərkˌbɛnʧ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈditeɪl ˈwərkˌbɛnʧ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈditeɪl laɪt but ˈsikwəns ˈloʊgoʊ lɪŋks əˈmigə fərˈɛvər hoʊm peɪʤ https://www.amigaforever.com/screenshots*/ ˈprimiəm ɪˈdɪʃən bɑks ʃɑts https://www.amigaforever.com/screenshots/box-premium*/ nu ˈfiʧərz https://www.amigaforever.com/whatsnew*/ kwɪk ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz fər fərˈɛvər hoʊm peɪʤ faɪl ˈfɔrˌmæt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðɪs peɪʤ əˈmigə fərˈɛvər fid |
suppose there are six friends in a pub. the first one says, ‘my glass is half empty, time for another one.’ the second one says, ‘my glass is half full, ok for now.’ the third one says, ‘there’s a long line at the bar, wait a moment.’ the fourth one says, ‘we’re going to wait anyway, so we might as well get up there now. order two rounds and get really wasted while at it.’ the fifth one gets up and leaves, because not in the mood to argue, wait, or get wasted. and the sixth downs drinks, while discussing what to do next.
the moral of the story? the pessimist always wants more, the optimist is content, the realist is just annoying, the cynic stirs shit up, the quitter is irrelevant, and the opportunist has all the fun.
so the next time you go out for a drink, remember to argue less and have more fun, because if you don’t, someone else will. at your expense. | səˈpoʊz ðɛr ər sɪks frɛndz ɪn ə pəb. ðə fərst wən sɪz, glæs ɪz hæf ˈɛmti, taɪm fər əˈnəðər one.’*.’ ðə ˈsɛkənd wən sɪz, glæs ɪz hæf fʊl, ˈoʊˈkeɪ fər now.’*.’ ðə θərd wən sɪz, ə lɔŋ laɪn æt ðə bɑr, weɪt ə moment.’*.’ ðə fɔrθ wən sɪz, goʊɪŋ tɪ weɪt ˈɛniˌweɪ, soʊ wi maɪt ɛz wɛl gɪt əp ðɛr naʊ. ˈɔrdər tu raʊnz ənd gɪt ˈrɪli ˈweɪstɪd waɪl æt it.’*.’ ðə fɪθ wən gɪts əp ənd livz, bɪˈkəz nɑt ɪn ðə mud tɪ ˈɑrgju, weɪt, ər gɪt ˈweɪstɪd. ənd ðə sɪksθ daʊnz drɪŋks, waɪl dɪˈskəsɪŋ wət tɪ du nɛkst. ðə ˈmɔrəl əv ðə ˈstɔri? ðə ˈpɛsəməst ˈɔlˌweɪz wɔnts mɔr, ðə ˈɑptɪmɪst ɪz ˈkɑntɛnt, ðə ˈriəlɪst ɪz ʤɪst əˈnɔɪɪŋ, ðə ˈsɪnɪk stərz ʃɪt əp, ðə kˈwɪtər ɪz ˌɪˈrɛləvənt, ənd ðə ˌɑpərˈtunɪst həz ɔl ðə fən. soʊ ðə nɛkst taɪm ju goʊ aʊt fər ə drɪŋk, rɪˈmɛmbər tɪ ˈɑrgju lɛs ənd hæv mɔr fən, bɪˈkəz ɪf ju don’t*, ˈsəmˌwən ɛls wɪl. æt jʊr ɪkˈspɛns. |
just over a decade ago, the state of california faced serious concerns about whether its utilities could generate buy enough power to assure that the world's economy could keep the lights on. the infamous california energy crisis, which affected several other western states as well, was a complex tangle of poorly structured deregulation, significant market manipulation (remember enron?), and other causes. along with rolling blackouts, california endured an official state of emergency that lasted 34 months, led to the recall and replacement of gov. gray davis, and cost the state and its ratepayers billions of dollars - a cautionary tale for all states of electricity supply unable to meet demand.
fast-forward to the early spring of 2014. the california independent system operator (caiso), due in part to an unexpected abundance of solar generation in what was supposed to be the rainy season, had to institute curtailments of wind and solar power coming into the grid on four separate occasions. in one instance, more than a of combined wind and solar power was curtailed, a condition that the grid operator calls or "overgen." "in the past, who would have even thought of the concept of overgen?" says tom doughty, director of regulatory strategy. "but it's a harbinger of what's to come." without changes in planning and technology, doughty says, current projections note that a 40 percent share of the state's power from in 2024 (on the way to gov. jerry brown's stated goal of 50 percent by 2030) would necessitate more than 800 curtailments a year. "we have clean energy sources producing a lot of megawatts," adds doughty. "we need somewhere to put it."
welcome to what could be the new normal -- and the cusp of a new energy future. "too much electricity" from is obviously not a widespread phenomenon (yet), but it has happened with wind power in the pacific northwest and texas, causing big headaches for power marketers and grid operators. a regional reality check, however: seven u.s. states (all south of the line) had no statistically significant generation from clean sources (excluding hydro) in 2014, and eight more had less than one percent.
but let's look a little more closely at two states, california and new york, where the energy future is taking shape -- two states that are home to some 58 million people, or about 18 percent of the u.s. population. in our 2012 book clean tech nation, ron and i asserted that the developed world does not need new nuclear or generation -- that all future load can be handled by a combination of, deep efficiency, and some natural gas. now, in a growing number of cases, it may even be possible to add new natural gas plants to the list. in california, utility regulators increasingly feel that the energy needs of their growing economy can be met by "preferred resources" --, efficiency, demand response, and energy storage.
take the state's effort to replace power (1,500 by 2022) from the shuttered san onofre nuclear plant near san diego. a year ago, plant owner san diego gas & electric sought approval for a new 600 natural gas plant to serve a big chunk of the projected load. but in march of this year, the california public utilities commission denied approval, noting that failed to adequately consider its preferred resources.
"it's a brave new world," says board of governors member angelina. "we're seeing deep penetration of, and political decisions to phase out nuclear plants. when the decision was made to close san onofre, we actually phased it out quite painlessly." and this is in a state economy that's grown more than 4% annually over the past three years.
solar power plays on both sides of the equation. while solar in california grew 62 in 2014 to gwh, or five percent of total generation, the state's booming distributed solar essentially acts as an efficiency play to the grid operator, removing grid demand from the homes and commercial buildings drawing power from their rooftops. and that's a challenge to isos. "we see load growth reduction -- is it efficiency or distributed solar?" says. "we don't have that transparency."
galiteva was a speaker at last month's bloomberg new energy finance (bnef) "the future of energy" summit in new york, where the state is undertaking one of the nation's most ambitious regulatory overhauls. new york's reforming the energy vision (rev) plan aims to transform the state's electricity use by mandating utilities to focus on demand response, smart grid, distributed generation, and storage. "we needed better markets and price signals for distributed assets and renewable energy," says audrey zibelman, chair of the new york public service commission and a key architect of rev. "our message to utilities is, 'your job is no longer just delivering to the meter.' we want to make utilities the drivers of change, instead of the deer in the headlights." in the biggest pilot case to date, has embarked on a $250 million effort to develop 52 of resources to replace the need for a new substation and transmission lines in brooklyn with a $1 billion price tag. on the supply side, new york has one of the nation's most aggressive goals of 29 percent by the end of this year (required to be procured by nyserda, rather than generated by utilities like most states' programs).
it will take a while for other regions to embrace this future, but states like california and new york are showing the way toward a transformation of grid operations and power supply and demand assumptions. the importance of cost-effective, large-scale energy storage (both and distributed) in this new world can't be overstated, and tesla is now all in with its ballyhooed battery announcement on april 30. | ʤɪst ˈoʊvər ə ˈdɛkeɪd əˈgoʊ, ðə steɪt əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə feɪst ˈsɪriəs kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ɪts juˈtɪlətiz kʊd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt baɪ ɪˈnəf paʊər tɪ əˈʃʊr ðət ðə wərldz ɪˈkɑnəmi kʊd kip ðə laɪts ɔn. ðə ˈɪnfəməs ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈɛnərʤi ˈkraɪsəs, wɪʧ əˈfɛktɪd ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðər ˈwɛstərn steɪts ɛz wɛl, wɑz ə ˈkɑmplɛks ˈtæŋgəl əv ˈpurli ˈstrəkʧərd diˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən, sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈmɑrkɪt məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən (rɪˈmɛmbər ˈɛnrɑn?), ənd ˈəðər ˈkɔzɪz. əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈroʊlɪŋ ˈblæˌkaʊts, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ɪnˈdʊrd ən əˈfɪʃəl steɪt əv ˈimərʤənsi ðət ˈlæstɪd 34 mənθs, lɛd tɪ ðə ˈriˌkɔl ənd rɪˈpleɪsmənt əv gəv. greɪ ˈdeɪvɪs, ənd kɔst ðə steɪt ənd ɪts ˈreɪtˌpeɪərz ˈbɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz ə ˈkɔʃəˌnɛri teɪl fər ɔl steɪts əv ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti səˈplaɪ əˈneɪbəl tɪ mit dɪˈmænd. ˌfæstˈfɔrwərd tɪ ðə ˈərli spərɪŋ əv 2014 ðə ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈsɪstəm ˈɑpərˌeɪtər (caiso*), du ɪn pɑrt tɪ ən ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd əˈbəndəns əv ˈsoʊlər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ɪn wət wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ðə ˈreɪni ˈsizən, hæd tɪ ˈɪnstɪˌtut kərˈteɪlmənts əv wɪnd ənd ˈsoʊlər paʊər ˈkəmɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə grɪd ɔn fɔr ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ɔˈkeɪʒənz. ɪn wən ˈɪnstəns, mɔr ðən ə əv kəmˈbaɪnd wɪnd ənd ˈsoʊlər paʊər wɑz kərˈteɪld, ə kənˈdɪʃən ðət ðə grɪd ˈɑpərˌeɪtər kɔlz ər "overgen*." "ɪn ðə pæst, hu wʊd hæv ˈivɪn θɔt əv ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv overgen*?" sɪz tɑm ˈdɔti, dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈstrætəʤi. "bət ɪts ə ˈhɑrbɪnʤər əv wəts tɪ kəm." wɪˈθaʊt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ˈplænɪŋ ənd tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ˈdɔti sɪz, ˈkɑrənt prɑˈʤɛkʃənz noʊt ðət ə 40 pərˈsɛnt ʃɛr əv ðə steɪts paʊər frəm ɪn 2024 (ɔn ðə weɪ tɪ gəv. ˈʤɛri braʊnz ˈsteɪtɪd goʊl əv 50 pərˈsɛnt baɪ 2030 wʊd nəˈsɛsəˌteɪt mɔr ðən 800 kərˈteɪlmənts ə jɪr. "wi hæv klin ˈɛnərʤi ˈsɔrsəz prəˈdusɪŋ ə lɔt əv ˈmɛgəˌwɑts," ædz ˈdɔti. "wi nid ˈsəmˌwɛr tɪ pʊt ɪt." ˈwɛlkəm tɪ wət kʊd bi ðə nu ˈnɔrməl ənd ðə kəsp əv ə nu ˈɛnərʤi fˈjuʧər. "tu məʧ ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti" frəm ɪz ˈɑbviəsli nɑt ə ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd fəˈnɑməˌnɑn (jɛt), bət ɪt həz ˈhæpənd wɪθ wɪnd paʊər ɪn ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ˌnɔrθˈwɛst ənd ˈtɛksəs, ˈkɔzɪŋ bɪg ˈhɛˌdeɪks fər paʊər ˌmɑrkətərz ənd grɪd ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz. ə ˈriʤənəl ˌriˈæləˌti ʧɛk, ˌhaʊˈɛvər: ˈsɛvən juz. steɪts (ɔl saʊθ əv ðə laɪn) hæd noʊ stəˈtɪstɪkəli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən frəm klin ˈsɔrsəz (ɪkˈskludɪŋ ˈhaɪˌdroʊ) ɪn 2014 ənd eɪt mɔr hæd lɛs ðən wən pərˈsɛnt. bət lɛts lʊk ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈkloʊsli æt tu steɪts, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ənd nu jɔrk, wɛr ðə ˈɛnərʤi fˈjuʧər ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ ʃeɪp tu steɪts ðət ər hoʊm tɪ səm 58 ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl, ər əˈbaʊt 18 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə juz. ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ɪn ɑr 2012 bʊk klin tɛk ˈneɪʃən, rɑn ənd aɪ əˈsərtəd ðət ðə dɪˈvɛləpt wərld dɪz nɑt nid nu ˈnukliər ər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ðət ɔl fˈjuʧər loʊd kən bi ˈhændəld baɪ ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv, dip ɪˈfɪʃənsi, ənd səm ˈnæʧərəl gæs. naʊ, ɪn ə groʊɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv ˈkeɪsɪz, ɪt meɪ ˈivɪn bi ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ æd nu ˈnæʧərəl gæs plænts tɪ ðə lɪst. ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, juˈtɪləti ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli fil ðət ðə ˈɛnərʤi nidz əv ðɛr groʊɪŋ ɪˈkɑnəmi kən bi mɛt baɪ "prɪˈfərd ˈrisɔrsɪz" , ɪˈfɪʃənsi, dɪˈmænd rɪˈspɑns, ənd ˈɛnərʤi ˈstɔrɪʤ. teɪk ðə steɪts ˈɛfərt tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs paʊər baɪ 2022 frəm ðə ˈʃətərd sæn oʊˈnɔfri ˈnukliər plænt nɪr sæn diˈeɪgoʊ. ə jɪr əˈgoʊ, plænt ˈoʊnər sæn diˈeɪgoʊ gæs ɪˈlɛktrɪk sɔt əˈpruvəl fər ə nu 600 ˈnæʧərəl gæs plænt tɪ sərv ə bɪg ʧəŋk əv ðə prɑˈʤɛktəd loʊd. bət ɪn mɑrʧ əv ðɪs jɪr, ðə ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈpəblɪk juˈtɪlətiz kəˈmɪʃən dɪˈnaɪd əˈpruvəl, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət feɪld tɪ ˈædəkwɪtli kənˈsɪdər ɪts prɪˈfərd ˈrisɔrsɪz. "ɪts ə breɪv nu wərld," sɪz bɔrd əv ˈgəvərnərz ˈmɛmbər ænʤɛˈlinə. "wɪr siɪŋ dip ˌpɛnəˈtreɪʃən əv, ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl dɪˈsɪʒənz tɪ feɪz aʊt ˈnukliər plænts. wɪn ðə dɪˈsɪʒən wɑz meɪd tɪ kloʊz sæn oʊˈnɔfri, wi ˈæˌkʧuəli feɪzd ɪt aʊt kwaɪt ˈpeɪnləsli." ənd ðɪs ɪz ɪn ə steɪt ɪˈkɑnəmi ðæts groʊn mɔr ðən 4 ˈænjuəli ˈoʊvər ðə pæst θri jɪrz. ˈsoʊlər paʊər pleɪz ɔn boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə ɪkˈweɪʒən. waɪl ˈsoʊlər ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə gru 62 ɪn 2014 tɪ gwh*, ər faɪv pərˈsɛnt əv ˈtoʊtəl ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən, ðə steɪts ˈbumɪŋ dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˈsoʊlər ɛˈsɛnʃəli ækts ɛz ən ɪˈfɪʃənsi pleɪ tɪ ðə grɪd ˈɑpərˌeɪtər, riˈmuvɪŋ grɪd dɪˈmænd frəm ðə hoʊmz ənd kəˈmərʃəl ˈbɪldɪŋz drɔɪŋ paʊər frəm ðɛr ˈrufˌtɑps. ənd ðæts ə ˈʧælənʤ tɪ isos*. "wi si loʊd groʊθ rɪˈdəkʃən ɪz ɪt ɪˈfɪʃənsi ər dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˈsoʊlər?" sɪz. "wi doʊnt hæv ðət trænˈspɛrənsi." wɑz ə ˈspikər æt læst mənθs ˈblumbərg nu ˈɛnərʤi ˈfaɪˌnæns (bnef*) "ðə fˈjuʧər əv ˈɛnərʤi" ˈsəmɪt ɪn nu jɔrk, wɛr ðə steɪt ɪz ˈəndərˌteɪkɪŋ wən əv ðə ˈneɪʃənz moʊst æmˈbɪʃəs ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈoʊvərˌhɔlz. nu jɔrks rɪˈfɔrmɪŋ ðə ˈɛnərʤi ˈvɪʒən (rɛv) plæn eɪmz tɪ ˈtrænsfɔrm ðə steɪts ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti juz baɪ ˈmænˌdeɪtɪŋ juˈtɪlətiz tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn dɪˈmænd rɪˈspɑns, smɑrt grɪd, dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən, ənd ˈstɔrɪʤ. "wi ˈnidɪd ˈbɛtər ˈmɑrkɪts ənd praɪs ˈsɪgnəlz fər dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˈæˌsɛts ənd riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi," sɪz ˈɔdri zibelman*, ʧɛr əv ðə nu jɔrk ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvɪs kəˈmɪʃən ənd ə ki ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt əv rɛv. "ɑr ˈmɛsɪʤ tɪ juˈtɪlətiz ɪz, 'jʊr ʤɑb ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ʤɪst dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈmitər.' wi wɔnt tɪ meɪk juˈtɪlətiz ðə ˈdraɪvərz əv ʧeɪnʤ, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə dɪr ɪn ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪts." ɪn ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈpaɪlət keɪs tɪ deɪt, həz ɛmˈbɑrkt ɔn ə 250 ˈmɪljən ˈɛfərt tɪ dɪˈvɛləp 52 əv ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðə nid fər ə nu ˈsəbˌsteɪʃən ənd trænzˈmɪʃən laɪnz ɪn ˈbrʊklɪn wɪθ ə 1 ˈbɪljən praɪs tæg. ɔn ðə səˈplaɪ saɪd, nu jɔrk həz wən əv ðə ˈneɪʃənz moʊst əˈgrɛsɪv goʊlz əv 29 pərˈsɛnt baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðɪs jɪr (rikˈwaɪərd tɪ bi proʊˈkjʊrd baɪ nyserda*, ˈrəðər ðən ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd baɪ juˈtɪlətiz laɪk moʊst steɪts' ˈproʊˌgræmz). ɪt wɪl teɪk ə waɪl fər ˈəðər ˈriʤənz tɪ ɪmˈbreɪs ðɪs fˈjuʧər, bət steɪts laɪk ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ənd nu jɔrk ər ʃoʊɪŋ ðə weɪ təˈwɔrd ə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən əv grɪd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ənd paʊər səˈplaɪ ənd dɪˈmænd əˈsəmpʃənz. ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv cost-effective*, ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl ˈɛnərʤi ˈstɔrɪʤ (boʊθ ənd dɪˈstrɪbjətəd) ɪn ðɪs nu wərld kænt bi ˈoʊvərˌsteɪtɪd, ənd ˈtɛzlə ɪz naʊ ɔl ɪn wɪθ ɪts ˈbæliˈhud ˈbætəri əˈnaʊnsmɛnt ɔn ˈeɪprəl 30 |
listen up! this episode kicks off w/ two excellent new tracks! the first from the and their new album, the second is from the and their forthcoming album! get excited! excited! been bringing you a lot of great new and/punk this month and i be happier to do so! just that time of year where the new stuff is coming out fast! happy that it gives me us all something great to listen to when stuck at our jobs instead of out living it up and seeing bands and drinking lemonade! work sucks, but great tunes make it bearable. thanks to all the bands, thank you for saving us from our mundane lives and giving us something to dance to!
00:00 the circles (broken organ)
04:26 the not (the) special(s) mess with the)
06:42 johnny tired & happy life (full trucker effect)
10:42 the every slacker is a star (eleven steps to power)
13:49 the seen the last of me (the)
15:59 the malcontents no family (never enough)
19:24 stand out riot get a real job (foiled for freshness)
show support for the band by clicking on those links and checking out their websites and music! show support for the podcast by finding & liking of on facebook as well as follow on twitter. also, feel free to download this episode if you wanna keep it forever. another way to support the podcast is to buy some records from our partners in crime over at casino recordings, they carry some great vinyl records! | ˈlɪsən əp! ðɪs ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd kɪks ɔf ˈdəbəlju/ tu ˈɛksələnt nu træks! ðə fərst frəm ðə ənd ðɛr nu ˈælbəm, ðə ˈsɛkənd ɪz frəm ðə ənd ðɛr ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ ˈælbəm! gɪt ɪkˈsaɪtɪd! ɪkˈsaɪtɪd! bɪn ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ju ə lɔt əv greɪt nu ənd ðɪs mənθ ənd aɪ bi ˈhæpiər tɪ du soʊ! ʤɪst ðət taɪm əv jɪr wɛr ðə nu stəf ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt fæst! ˈhæpi ðət ɪt gɪvz mi ˈjuˈɛs ɔl ˈsəmθɪŋ greɪt tɪ ˈlɪsən tɪ wɪn stək æt ɑr ʤɑbz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv aʊt ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪt əp ənd siɪŋ bændz ənd ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈlɛməˈneɪd! wərk səks, bət greɪt tunz meɪk ɪt ˈbɛrəbəl. θæŋks tɪ ɔl ðə bændz, θæŋk ju fər ˈseɪvɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs frəm ɑr mənˈdeɪn lɪvz ənd ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ dæns tɪ! ðə ˈsərkəlz (ˈbroʊkən ˈɔrgən ðə nɑt (ðə) special(s*) mɛs wɪθ ðə ˈʤɑni taɪərd ˈhæpi laɪf (fʊl ˈtrəkər ˈifɛkt ðə ˈɛvəri sˈlækər ɪz ə stɑr (ˈilɛvən stɛps tɪ paʊər ðə sin ðə læst əv mi (ðə ðə ˌmælkənˈtɛnts noʊ ˈfæməli (ˈnɛvər ɪˈnəf stænd aʊt raɪət gɪt ə ril ʤɑb (fɔɪld fər ˈfrɛʃnəs ʃoʊ səˈpɔrt fər ðə bænd baɪ ˈklɪkɪŋ ɔn ðoʊz lɪŋks ənd ˈʧɛkɪŋ aʊt ðɛr ˈwɛbˌsaɪts ənd mˈjuzɪk! ʃoʊ səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈpɔdˌkæst baɪ ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈlaɪkɪŋ əv ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈfɑloʊ ɔn tˈwɪtər. ˈɔlsoʊ, fil fri tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðɪs ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ɪf ju ˈwɑnə kip ɪt fərˈɛvər. əˈnəðər weɪ tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ˈpɔdˌkæst ɪz tɪ baɪ səm ˈrɛkərdz frəm ɑr ˈpɑrtnərz ɪn kraɪm ˈoʊvər æt kəˈsinoʊ rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz, ðeɪ ˈkɛri səm greɪt ˈvaɪnəl ˈrɛkərdz! |
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ultra-high-net-worth individuals by country, 2011
the tax plan passed by senate democrats on wednesday really about taxing the rich; about taxing the megarich. as timothy noah has explained in the new republic, the plan would actually reduce taxes on a lot of fairly rich people by renewing the (supposedly temporary) tax cuts for everyone except those who make more than $250,000 a year. even then, democrats are only proposing a higher marginal tax rate, which means that even people raking in far more than $250,000 will still pay lower taxes on their first quarter million in annual earnings. crunch the numbers, and it turns out that the biggest losers under the senate plan are couples who earn more than $1 million a multimillionaires and billionaires.
while the senate tax plan could certainly go further in taxing the rich, focusing on the makes sense considering how much of our economy is now controlled by them. according to the internal revenue service, there are taxpayers who individually control $20 million or more in assets, and all these people put together are worth $4 than the net worth of the majority of the us population.
the investment bank credit suisse, for its part, classifies “ultra high net worth individuals” as people with at least $50 million in according to the 2011 global wealth databook, more of these live in the united states than anywhere else in the world (see chart above).
so perhaps america has lots of multimillionaires because a prosperous country? certainly a not the only one. compared to the in the six other countries with the most multimillionaires, american tycoons grab a disproportionately large share of the economic pie:
percent of income earned by top% of taxpayers
yet despite raking in such a large share of the national income, our über-wealthy pay very little in taxes by global standards:
top income tax rates in the 6 countries with the most citizens
but higher tax rates at the top slow economic growth? apparently not, considering the growth rates of our competitors.
change in gross domestic product, 2011
so why congress already raised taxes on the rich? perhaps because the have raised a lot more political money than the rest of us.
percent of donations to this year that come from just 196 americans: 80
80 amount the koch brothers and their foundations plan to spend to defeat obama: $395 million
$395 million total money raised by john 2008 presidential campaign: $384 million
$384 million number of billionaires made donations to mitt super-pac, restore our future: 32
32 percentage of americans who give more than $10,000 in any election cycle:
read more: 4 ways that democrats want to cut taxes on the rich | ˈlʊkɪŋ fər nuz ju kən trəst? səbˈskraɪb tɪ ɑr fri ˈnuzˌlɛtərz. ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz baɪ ˈkəntri, 2011 ðə tæks plæn pæst baɪ ˈsɛnɪt ˈdɛməˌkræts ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈrɪli əˈbaʊt ˈtæksɪŋ ðə rɪʧ; əˈbaʊt ˈtæksɪŋ ðə megarich*. ɛz ˈtɪməθi noʊə həz ɪkˈspleɪnd ɪn ðə nu riˈpəblɪk, ðə plæn wʊd ˈæˌkʧuəli rɪˈdus ˈtæksɪz ɔn ə lɔt əv ˈfɛrli rɪʧ ˈpipəl baɪ rɪˈnuɪŋ ðə (səˈpoʊzədli ˈtɛmpərˌɛri) tæks kəts fər ˈɛvriˌwən ɪkˈsɛpt ðoʊz hu meɪk mɔr ðən ə jɪr. ˈivɪn ðɛn, ˈdɛməˌkræts ər ˈoʊnli prəˈpoʊzɪŋ ə haɪər ˈmɑrʤənəl tæks reɪt, wɪʧ minz ðət ˈivɪn ˈpipəl ˈreɪkɪŋ ɪn fɑr mɔr ðən wɪl stɪl peɪ loʊər ˈtæksɪz ɔn ðɛr fərst kˈwɔrtər ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈænjuəl ˈərnɪŋz. krənʧ ðə ˈnəmbərz, ənd ɪt tərnz aʊt ðət ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈluzərz ˈəndər ðə ˈsɛnɪt plæn ər ˈkəpəlz hu ərn mɔr ðən 1 ˈmɪljən ə ˌməltiˌmɪljəˈnɛrz ənd ˌbɪljəˈnɛrz. waɪl ðə ˈsɛnɪt tæks plæn kʊd ˈsərtənli goʊ ˈfərðər ɪn ˈtæksɪŋ ðə rɪʧ, ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ðə meɪks sɛns kənˈsɪdərɪŋ haʊ məʧ əv ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪz naʊ kənˈtroʊld baɪ ðɛm. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈrɛvəˌnu ˈsərvɪs, ðɛr ər ˈtækˌspeɪərz hu ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli kənˈtroʊl 20 ˈmɪljən ər mɔr ɪn ˈæˌsɛts, ənd ɔl ðiz ˈpipəl pʊt təˈgɛðər ər wərθ 4 ðən ðə nɛt wərθ əv ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt bæŋk ˈkrɛdɪt swɪs, fər ɪts pɑrt, ˈklæsəˌfaɪz haɪ nɛt wərθ individuals”*” ɛz ˈpipəl wɪθ æt list 50 ˈmɪljən ɪn əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə 2011 ˈgloʊbəl wɛlθ databook*, mɔr əv ðiz lɪv ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ðən ˈɛniˌwɛr ɛls ɪn ðə wərld (si ʧɑrt əˈbəv). soʊ pərˈhæps əˈmɛrɪkə həz lɑts əv ˌməltiˌmɪljəˈnɛrz bɪˈkəz ə ˈprɑspərəs ˈkəntri? ˈsərtənli ə nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli wən. kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə ɪn ðə sɪks ˈəðər ˈkəntriz wɪθ ðə moʊst ˌməltiˌmɪljəˈnɛrz, əˈmɛrɪkən taɪˈkunz græb ə ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənətli lɑrʤ ʃɛr əv ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk paɪ: pərˈsɛnt əv ˈɪnˌkəm ərnd baɪ tɔp əv ˈtækˌspeɪərz jɛt dɪˈspaɪt ˈreɪkɪŋ ɪn səʧ ə lɑrʤ ʃɛr əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪnˌkəm, ɑr peɪ ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl ɪn ˈtæksɪz baɪ ˈgloʊbəl ˈstændərdz: tɔp ˈɪnˌkəm tæks reɪts ɪn ðə 6 ˈkəntriz wɪθ ðə moʊst ˈsɪtɪzənz bət haɪər tæks reɪts æt ðə tɔp sloʊ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ? əˈpɛrəntli nɑt, kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə groʊθ reɪts əv ɑr kəmˈpɛtɪtərz. ʧeɪnʤ ɪn groʊs dəˈmɛstɪk ˈprɑdəkt, 2011 soʊ waɪ ˈkɑŋgrəs ɔˈrɛdi reɪzd ˈtæksɪz ɔn ðə rɪʧ? pərˈhæps bɪˈkəz ðə hæv reɪzd ə lɔt mɔr pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈməni ðən ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs. pərˈsɛnt əv doʊˈneɪʃənz tɪ ðɪs jɪr ðət kəm frəm ʤɪst 196 əˈmɛrɪkənz: 80 80 əˈmaʊnt ðə kɔʧ ˈbrəðərz ənd ðɛr faʊnˈdeɪʃənz plæn tɪ spɛnd tɪ dɪˈfit ˌoʊˈbɑmə: 395 ˈmɪljən 395 ˈmɪljən ˈtoʊtəl ˈməni reɪzd baɪ ʤɑn 2008 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn: 384 ˈmɪljən 384 ˈmɪljən ˈnəmbər əv ˌbɪljəˈnɛrz meɪd doʊˈneɪʃənz tɪ mɪt super-pac*, rɪˈstɔr ɑr fˈjuʧər: 32 32 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv əˈmɛrɪkənz hu gɪv mɔr ðən ɪn ˈɛni ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈsaɪkəl: rɛd mɔr: 4 weɪz ðət ˈdɛməˌkræts wɔnt tɪ kət ˈtæksɪz ɔn ðə rɪʧ |
the environmental protection agency yesterday reported finding elevated levels of, a product of nuclear fission, in rainwater in pennsylvania and massachusetts. the levels exceed the maximum contaminant level (mcl) permitted in drinking water, but continues to assure the public there is no need for alarm:
"it is important to note that the corresponding for was calculated based on long-term chronic exposures over the course of a lifetime 70 years. the levels seen in rainwater are expected to be relatively short in duration," the agency states in a that accompanied yesterday's brief news release.
"in both cases these are levels above the normal background levels historically reported in these areas."
epa said it is receiving "verbal reports" of higher levels of radiation in rainwater samples from other states as well, and that americans should continue to expect short-term contamination of rainwater as radioactive isotopes spread through the atmosphere from japan.
"we continue to expect similar reports from state agencies and others across the nation given the nature and duration of the japanese nuclear incident."
epa is analyzing rainwater samples taken from 18 monitoring stations around the nation, promising to release results soon. it is stepping up sampling of rainwater, drinking water, and milk.
the food and drug administration released a statement on milk saturday:
at this time, theoretical models do not indicate that harmful amounts of radiation will reach the u.s. and, therefore, there is little possibility of domestic milk being contaminated as a result of grass or feed contamination in the u.s. fda, together with other agencies, is carefully monitoring any possibility for distribution of radiation."
epa also maintains 140 air monitoring stations. those have detected radiation from the fukushima nuclear disaster in five western states: california, colorado, hawaii, washington, and, as of yesterday, nevada.
the isotopes detected in western states have been found in minuscule amounts, officials say, much too small to threaten health. scientists trace the isotopes to japan because they are products of nuclear,, and.
"unless you have an accident like this, you wouldn't expect to see this. no doubt it's from japan," ted hartwell, manager of the desert research institute's community environmental monitoring program, told the associated press.
related post:
three sites where you can monitor u.s. radiation levels | ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl prəˈtɛkʃən ˈeɪʤənsi ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd ˈlɛvəlz əv ə ˈprɑdəkt əv ˈnukliər ˈfɪʃən, ɪn ˈreɪnˌwɔtər ɪn ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ənd ˌmæsəˈʧusəts. ðə ˈlɛvəlz ɪkˈsid ðə ˈmæksəməm kənˈtæmənənt ˈlɛvəl (mcl*) pərˈmɪtɪd ɪn ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈwɔtər, bət kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ əˈʃʊr ðə ˈpəblɪk ðɛr ɪz noʊ nid fər əˈlɑrm: "ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊt ðət ðə ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ fər wɑz ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd beɪst ɔn ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈkrɑnɪk ɪkˈspoʊʒərz ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm 70 jɪrz. ðə ˈlɛvəlz sin ɪn ˈreɪnˌwɔtər ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi ˈrɛlətɪvli ʃɔrt ɪn ˈdʊˈreɪʃən," ðə ˈeɪʤənsi steɪts ɪn ə ðət əˈkəmpənid ˈjɛstərˌdeɪz brif nuz riˈlis. "ɪn boʊθ ˈkeɪsɪz ðiz ər ˈlɛvəlz əˈbəv ðə ˈnɔrməl ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈlɛvəlz hɪˈstɔrɪkəli ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ðiz ˈɛriəz." sɛd ɪt ɪz rɪˈsivɪŋ "ˈvərbəl rɪˈpɔrts" əv haɪər ˈlɛvəlz əv ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən ɪn ˈreɪnˌwɔtər ˈsæmpəlz frəm ˈəðər steɪts ɛz wɛl, ənd ðət əˈmɛrɪkənz ʃʊd kənˈtɪnju tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ˌʃɔrtˈtərm kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən əv ˈreɪnˌwɔtər ɛz ˌreɪdioʊˈæktɪv ˈaɪsəˌtoʊps sprɛd θru ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr frəm ʤəˈpæn. "wi kənˈtɪnju tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ˈsɪmələr rɪˈpɔrts frəm steɪt ˈeɪʤənsiz ənd ˈəðərz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈneɪʃən ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈneɪʧər ənd ˈdʊˈreɪʃən əv ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈnukliər ˈɪnsədənt." ɪz ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˈreɪnˌwɔtər ˈsæmpəlz ˈteɪkən frəm 18 ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsteɪʃənz əraʊnd ðə ˈneɪʃən, ˈprɑməsɪŋ tɪ riˈlis rɪˈzəlts sun. ɪt ɪz ˈstɛpɪŋ əp ˈsæmplɪŋ əv ˈreɪnˌwɔtər, ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈwɔtər, ənd mɪlk. ðə fud ənd drəg ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən riˈlist ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn mɪlk ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ: æt ðɪs taɪm, ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈmɑdəlz du nɑt ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ˈhɑrmfəl əˈmaʊnts əv ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən wɪl riʧ ðə juz. ənd, ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv dəˈmɛstɪk mɪlk biɪŋ kənˈtæməˌneɪtɪd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv græs ər fid kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən ɪn ðə juz. fda*, təˈgɛðər wɪθ ˈəðər ˈeɪʤənsiz, ɪz ˈkɛrfəli ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈɛni ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti fər ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən." ˈɔlsoʊ meɪnˈteɪnz 140 ɛr ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈsteɪʃənz. ðoʊz hæv dɪˈtɛktɪd ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən frəm ðə fukuˈʃimə ˈnukliər dɪˈzæstər ɪn faɪv ˈwɛstərn steɪts: ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ, həˈwaɪˌi, ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ənd, ɛz əv ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ, nəˈvɑdə. ðə ˈaɪsəˌtoʊps dɪˈtɛktɪd ɪn ˈwɛstərn steɪts hæv bɪn faʊnd ɪn ˈmɪnəˌskjul əˈmaʊnts, əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ, məʧ tu smɔl tɪ θˈrɛtən hɛlθ. ˈsaɪəntɪsts treɪs ðə ˈaɪsəˌtoʊps tɪ ʤəˈpæn bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər ˈprɑdəkts əv ˈnukliər ənd "ənˈlɛs ju hæv ən ˈæksədənt laɪk ðɪs, ju ˈwʊdənt ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ si ðɪs. noʊ daʊt ɪts frəm ʤəˈpæn," tɛd ˈhɑrtˌwɛl, ˈmænɪʤər əv ðə ˈdɛzərt ˈrisərʧ ˈɪnstɪtuts kəmˈjunɪti ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm, toʊld ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs. rɪˈleɪtɪd poʊst: θri saɪts wɛr ju kən ˈmɑnətər juz. ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən ˈlɛvəlz |
for decades, meteorologists have been able to forecast the severity of hurricane seasons several months ahead of time. yet forecasting the likelihood of a bad tornado season has proved a far greater challenge.
now, research from scientists at columbia university's international research institute for climate and society could eventually lead to the first seasonal tornado outlooks.
"understanding how climate shapes tornado activity makes forecasts and projections possible, and allows us to look into the past and understand what happened," said michael tippett, lead author of a study in february's journal of geophysical research letters.
the need for such data is reinforced by the memory of 550 americans killed by tornadoes last year coupled with an unusually violent january for twisters.
in the study, tippett and his team looked at 30 years of past climate data. they used computer models to determine that the two weather factors most tied to active tornado months and seasons were heavy rain from thunderstorms and extreme wind shear (wind blowing from different directions at different layers of the atmosphere).
"if, in march, we can predict average thunderstorm rainfall and wind shear for april, then we can infer april tornado activity," tippett says.
the method worked for each month except for september and october, and it worked best in june.
this is the first time a forecast of up to a month in advance has been demonstrated, he says.
"a connection between la and spring tornado activity is often mentioned," tippett says, "but such a connection really has not been demonstrated in the historical data and hasn't been shown to provide a basis for a skillful tornado activity forecast.
"our work bridges the gap between what the current technology is capable of forecasting (large-scale monthly averages of rainfall and winds) and tornado activity, which the current technology cannot capture," he says.
the research isn't ready for prime time yet, however, so no official forecast will be made for the upcoming season using these methods.
"this is a useful first step," says harold brooks of the national oceanic and atmospheric administration, who was not involved in the study. he says it will be helpful to know, for example, that sometime in the last week of april, conditions will be favorable for lots of tornadoes in the eastern usa.
with greater lead time, a state emergency planner "could be better prepared with generators and supplies," brooks says. | fər ˈdɛkeɪdz, ˌmitiərˈɑləʤɪsts hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈfɔrˌkæst ðə sɪˈvɛrɪti əv ˈhərəˌkeɪnz ˈsizənz ˈsɛvərəl mənθs əˈhɛd əv taɪm. jɛt ˈfɔrˌkæstɪŋ ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd əv ə bæd tɔrˈneɪˌdoʊ ˈsizən həz pruvd ə fɑr ˈgreɪtər ˈʧælənʤ. naʊ, ˈrisərʧ frəm ˈsaɪəntɪsts æt kəˈləmbiə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈrisərʧ ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈklaɪmɪt ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti kʊd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli lɛd tɪ ðə fərst ˈsizənəl tɔrˈneɪˌdoʊ ˈaʊˌtlʊks. "ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ haʊ ˈklaɪmɪt ʃeɪps tɔrˈneɪˌdoʊ ækˈtɪvɪti meɪks ˈfɔrˌkæsts ənd prɑˈʤɛkʃənz ˈpɑsəbəl, ənd əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ lʊk ˈɪntu ðə pæst ənd ˌəndərˈstænd wət ˈhæpənd," sɛd ˈmaɪkəl ˈtɪpɪt, lɛd ˈɔθər əv ə ˈstədi ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛriz ˈʤərnəl əv ˌʤioʊˈfɪzəkəl ˈrisərʧ ˈlɛtərz. ðə nid fər səʧ ˈdætə ɪz ˌriɪnˈfɔrst baɪ ðə ˈmɛməri əv 550 əˈmɛrɪkənz kɪld baɪ tɔrˈneɪdoʊz læst jɪr ˈkəpəld wɪθ ən ənˈjuˌʒuəli ˈvaɪələnt ˈʤænjuˌɛri fər tˈwɪstərz. ɪn ðə ˈstədi, ˈtɪpɪt ənd hɪz tim lʊkt æt 30 jɪrz əv pæst ˈklaɪmɪt ˈdætə. ðeɪ juzd kəmˈpjutər ˈmɑdəlz tɪ dɪˈtərmən ðət ðə tu ˈwɛðər ˈfæktərz moʊst taɪd tɪ ˈæktɪv tɔrˈneɪˌdoʊ mənθs ənd ˈsizənz wər ˈhɛvi reɪn frəm ˈθəndərˌstɔrmz ənd ɪkˈstrim wɪnd ʃɪr (wɪnd bloʊɪŋ frəm ˈdɪfərənt dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz æt ˈdɪfərənt leɪərz əv ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr). "ɪf, ɪn mɑrʧ, wi kən prɪˈdɪkt ˈævərɪʤ ˈθəndərˌstɔrm ˈreɪnˌfɔl ənd wɪnd ʃɪr fər ˈeɪprəl, ðɛn wi kən ˌɪnˈfər ˈeɪprəl tɔrˈneɪˌdoʊ ækˈtɪvɪti," ˈtɪpɪt sɪz. ðə ˈmɛθəd wərkt fər iʧ mənθ ɪkˈsɛpt fər sɛpˈtɛmbər ənd ɑkˈtoʊbər, ənd ɪt wərkt bɛst ɪn ʤun. ðɪs ɪz ðə fərst taɪm ə ˈfɔrˌkæst əv əp tɪ ə mənθ ɪn ədˈvæns həz bɪn ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd, hi sɪz. "ə kəˈnɛkʃən bɪtˈwin lɑ ənd spərɪŋ tɔrˈneɪˌdoʊ ækˈtɪvɪti ɪz ˈɔfən ˈmɛnʃənd," ˈtɪpɪt sɪz, "bət səʧ ə kəˈnɛkʃən ˈrɪli həz nɑt bɪn ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ɪn ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈdætə ənd ˈhæzənt bɪn ʃoʊn tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə ˈbeɪsɪs fər ə ˈskɪlfəl tɔrˈneɪˌdoʊ ækˈtɪvɪti ˈfɔrˌkæst. "ɑr wərk ˈbrɪʤɪz ðə gæp bɪtˈwin wət ðə ˈkɑrənt tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈfɔrˌkæstɪŋ (ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl ˈmənθli ˈævrɪʤɪz əv ˈreɪnˌfɔl ənd wɪndz) ənd tɔrˈneɪˌdoʊ ækˈtɪvɪti, wɪʧ ðə ˈkɑrənt tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈkænɑt ˈkæpʧər," hi sɪz. ðə ˈrisərʧ ˈɪzənt ˈrɛdi fər praɪm taɪm jɛt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, soʊ noʊ əˈfɪʃəl ˈfɔrˌkæst wɪl bi meɪd fər ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈsizən ˈjuzɪŋ ðiz ˈmɛθədz. "ðɪs ɪz ə ˈjusfəl fərst stɛp," sɪz ˈhɛrəld brʊks əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌoʊʃiˈænɪk ənd ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, hu wɑz nɑt ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈstədi. hi sɪz ɪt wɪl bi ˈhɛlpfəl tɪ noʊ, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðət ˈsəmˌtaɪm ɪn ðə læst wik əv ˈeɪprəl, kənˈdɪʃənz wɪl bi ˈfeɪvərəbəl fər lɑts əv tɔrˈneɪdoʊz ɪn ðə ˈistərn ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ. wɪθ ˈgreɪtər lɛd taɪm, ə steɪt ˈimərʤənsi ˈplænər "kʊd bi ˈbɛtər priˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtərz ənd səˈplaɪz," brʊks sɪz. |
change is rarely easy, even when it is necessary. as creatures of habit, it takes real dedication and perseverance in order to affect real, lasting change in your life. at first, often a pleasant experience, the change wakes you up out of your stagnation, and it feels like actually living. when commitment wanes, or enthusiasm shrinks, however, it can be easy to fall right back into the habits which needed changing in the first place.
one of the best techniques that found for strengthening resolve is to turn to the wisdom of others. no easier way to start this habit than through these iconic quotes about change and the process of changing, from some of the great thinkers, authors, actors, and politicians or our time.
1. if you like something, change it. if you change it, change your attitude. maya angelou
2. god grant me the serenity to accept the things i cannot change, the courage to change the things i can, and the wisdom to know the difference. reinhold niebuhr
3. change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle. and so we must straighten our backs and work for our freedom. martin luther king, jr.
4. for the past 33 years, i have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: ‘if today were the last day of my life, would i want to do what i am about to do today?’ and whenever the answer has been ‘no’ for too many days in a row, i know i need to change something. steve jobs
5. it may be hard for an egg to turn into a bird: it would be a jolly sight harder for it to learn to fly while remaining an egg. we are like eggs at present. and you cannot go on indefinitely being just an ordinary, decent egg. we must be hatched or go bad. - c. s. lewis
6. when we are no longer able to change a situation we are challenged to change ourselves. viktor e. frankl
7. all changes, even the most longed for, have their melancholy; for what we leave behind us is a part of ourselves; we must die to one life before we can enter another. anatole france
8. if you do not change direction, you may end up where you are heading. lao
9. to improve is to change; to be perfect is to change often. winston churchill
10. everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself. leo tolstoy
11. if you change the way you look at things, the things you look at change. wayne dyer
12. the only way to make sense out of change is to plunge into it, move with it, and join the dance. alan watts
13. if there is no struggle, there is no progress. frederick douglass
14. progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything. george bernard shaw
15. you must take personal responsibility. you cannot change the circumstances, the seasons, or the wind, but you can change yourself. that is something you have charge of. jim rohn
16. only the wisest and stupidest of men never change. confucius
17. i hope everyone that is reading this is having a really good day. and if you are not, just know that in every new minute that passes you have an opportunity to change that. gillian anderson
18. progress is a nice word. but change is its motivator. and change has its enemies. robert kennedy
19. they must often change, who would be constant in happiness or wisdom. confucius
20. always remember that the future comes one day at a time. dean acheson
21. money and success change people; they merely amplify what is already there. will smith
22. very often a change of self is needed more than a change of scene. a. c. benson
23. we cannot change anything until we accept it. condemnation does not liberate, it oppresses. carl jung
24. life belongs to the living, and he who lives must be prepared for changes. johann wolfgang von goethe
25. without change, something sleeps inside us, and seldom awakens. the sleeper must awaken. frank herbert
26. change your opinions, keep to your principles; change your leaves, keep intact your roots. victor hugo
27. life is about not knowing, having to change, taking the moment and making the best of it, without knowing going to happen next. gilda radner
28. they always say time changes things, but you actually have to change them yourself. andy warhol
29. face the facts of being what you are, for that is what changes what you are.
30. when you blame others, you give up your power to change. robert anthony
31. the curious paradox is that when i accept myself just as i am, then i can change. carl rogers
32. there is nothing permanent except change.
33. the most unhappy people who most fear change. mignon mclaughlin
34. the changes in our life must come from the impossibility to live otherwise than according to the demands of our conscience not from our mental resolution to try a new form of life. leo tolstoy
35. change will never happen when people lack the ability and courage to see themselves for who they are. bryant h. mcgill
36. our dilemma is that we hate change and love it at the same time; what we really want is for things to remain the same but get better. sydney j. harris
37. i cannot say whether things will get better if we change; what i can say is they must change if they are to get better. georg c. lichtenberg
38. change, like sunshine, can be a friend or a foe, a blessing or a curse, a dawn or a dusk. william arthur ward
39. he who rejects change is the architect of decay. the only human institution which rejects progress is the cemetery. harold wilson
40. change before you have to. jack welch
41. when it becomes more difficult to suffer than to change… you will change. robert anthony
42. people are always looking for the single magic bullet that will totally change everything. there is no single magic bullet. temple grandin
43. sometimes the smallest decisions that can change your life forever. russell
44. he that will not apply new remedies must expect new evils; for time is the greatest innovator. francis bacon
45. change means that what was before perfect. people want things to be better. esther dyson
46. the first step toward change is awareness. the second step is acceptance. nathaniel branden
47. change is inevitable. change is constant. benjamin disraeli
48. if you want to change attitudes, start with a change in behavior. william glasser
49. to change what you get you must change who you are. vernon howard
50. change is inevitable. change for the better is a full-time job. adlai e. stevenson
51. the thing that lies at the foundation of positive change, the way i see it, is service to a fellow human being. lech walesa
52. if you feel like difficult to change, you will probably have a harder time succeeding. andrea jung
take the one week challenge! start here. | ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ˈrɛrli ˈizi, ˈivɪn wɪn ɪt ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. ɛz ˈkriʧərz əv ˈhæbət, ɪt teɪks ril ˌdɛdəˈkeɪʃən ənd ˌpərsəˈvɪrəns ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈfɛkt ril, ˈlæstɪŋ ʧeɪnʤ ɪn jʊr laɪf. æt fərst, ˈɔfən ə ˈplɛzənt ɪkˈspɪriəns, ðə ʧeɪnʤ weɪks ju əp aʊt əv jʊr stægˈneɪʃən, ənd ɪt filz laɪk ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈlɪvɪŋ. wɪn kəˈmɪtmənt weɪnz, ər ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm ʃrɪŋks, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt kən bi ˈizi tɪ fɔl raɪt bæk ˈɪntu ðə ˈhæbəts wɪʧ ˈnidɪd ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. wən əv ðə bɛst tɛkˈniks ðət faʊnd fər ˈstrɛŋθənɪŋ riˈzɑlv ɪz tɪ tərn tɪ ðə ˈwɪzdəm əv ˈəðərz. noʊ ˈiziər weɪ tɪ stɑrt ðɪs ˈhæbət ðən θru ðiz ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk kwoʊts əˈbaʊt ʧeɪnʤ ənd ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ, frəm səm əv ðə greɪt ˈθɪŋkərz, ˈɔθərz, ˈæktərz, ənd ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ər ɑr taɪm. 1 ɪf ju laɪk ˈsəmθɪŋ, ʧeɪnʤ ɪt. ɪf ju ʧeɪnʤ ɪt, ʧeɪnʤ jʊr ˈætəˌtud. maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu 2 gɑd grænt mi ðə sərˈɛnəti tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðə θɪŋz aɪ ˈkænɑt ʧeɪnʤ, ðə kərɪʤ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə θɪŋz aɪ kən, ənd ðə ˈwɪzdəm tɪ noʊ ðə ˈdɪfərəns. ˈraɪnhoʊlt ˈnibʊr 3 ʧeɪnʤ dɪz nɑt roʊl ɪn ɔn ðə wilz əv ˌɪˌnɛvɪtəˈbɪlɪti, bət kəmz θru kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈstrəgəl. ənd soʊ wi məst ˈstreɪtən ɑr bæks ənd wərk fər ɑr ˈfridəm. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ, jr*. 4 fər ðə pæst 33 jɪrz, aɪ hæv lʊkt ɪn ðə ˈmɪrər ˈɛvəri ˈmɔrnɪŋ ənd æst ˌmaɪˈsɛlf: təˈdeɪ wər ðə læst deɪ əv maɪ laɪf, wʊd aɪ wɔnt tɪ du wət aɪ æm əˈbaʊt tɪ du today?’*?’ ənd wɛˈnɛvər ðə ˈænsər həz bɪn ‘‘no’*’ fər tu ˈmɛni deɪz ɪn ə roʊ, aɪ noʊ aɪ nid tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈsəmθɪŋ. stiv ʤɑbz 5 ɪt meɪ bi hɑrd fər ən ɛg tɪ tərn ˈɪntu ə bərd: ɪt wʊd bi ə ˈʤɑli saɪt ˈhɑrdər fər ɪt tɪ lərn tɪ flaɪ waɪl rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ən ɛg. wi ər laɪk ɛgz æt ˈprɛzənt. ənd ju ˈkænɑt goʊ ɔn ˌɪnˈdɛfənətli biɪŋ ʤɪst ən ˈɔrdəˌnɛri, ˈdisənt ɛg. wi məst bi hæʧt ər goʊ bæd. si. ɛs. luɪs 6 wɪn wi ər noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wi ər ˈʧælənʤd tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ɑrˈsɛlvz. ˈvɪktər i. ˈfræŋkəl 7 ɔl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, ˈivɪn ðə moʊst lɔŋd fər, hæv ðɛr ˈmɛlənˌkɑli; fər wət wi liv bɪˈhaɪnd ˈjuˈɛs ɪz ə pɑrt əv ɑrˈsɛlvz; wi məst daɪ tɪ wən laɪf ˌbiˈfɔr wi kən ˈɛnər əˈnəðər. ˈænəˌtoʊl fræns 8 ɪf ju du nɑt ʧeɪnʤ dɪˈrɛkʃɪn, ju meɪ ɛnd əp wɛr ju ər ˈhɛdɪŋ. laʊ 9 tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ɪz tɪ ʧeɪnʤ; tɪ bi ˈpərˌfɪkt ɪz tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈɔfən. ˈwɪnstən ˈʧərʧɪl 10 ˈɛvriˌwən θɪŋks əv ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə wərld, bət noʊ wən θɪŋks əv ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf. ˈlioʊ ˈtoʊlˌstɔɪ 11 ɪf ju ʧeɪnʤ ðə weɪ ju lʊk æt θɪŋz, ðə θɪŋz ju lʊk æt ʧeɪnʤ. weɪn daɪər 12 ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ tɪ meɪk sɛns aʊt əv ʧeɪnʤ ɪz tɪ plənʤ ˈɪntu ɪt, muv wɪθ ɪt, ənd ʤɔɪn ðə dæns. ˈælən wɑts 13 ɪf ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈstrəgəl, ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈprɑˌgrɛs. ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈdəgləs 14 ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl wɪˈθaʊt ʧeɪnʤ, ənd ðoʊz hu ˈkænɑt ʧeɪnʤ ðɛr maɪndz ˈkænɑt ʧeɪnʤ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ʤɔrʤ ˈbərnərd ʃɔ 15 ju məst teɪk ˈpərsɪnəl riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti. ju ˈkænɑt ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz, ðə ˈsizənz, ər ðə wɪnd, bət ju kən ʧeɪnʤ ˈjɔrsɛlf. ðət ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ju hæv ʧɑrʤ əv. ʤɪm rɑn 16 ˈoʊnli ðə ˈwaɪzəst ənd ˈstupɪdəst əv mɛn ˈnɛvər ʧeɪnʤ. kənfˈjuʃəs 17 aɪ hoʊp ˈɛvriˌwən ðət ɪz ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs ɪz ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈrɪli gʊd deɪ. ənd ɪf ju ər nɑt, ʤɪst noʊ ðət ɪn ˈɛvəri nu ˈmɪnət ðət ˈpæsɪz ju hæv ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðət. ˈʤɪliən ˈændərsən 18 ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪz ə nis wərd. bət ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ɪts ˈmoʊtəveɪtər. ənd ʧeɪnʤ həz ɪts ˈɛnəmiz. ˈrɑbərt ˈkɛnədi 19 ðeɪ məst ˈɔfən ʧeɪnʤ, hu wʊd bi ˈkɑnstənt ɪn ˈhæpinəs ər ˈwɪzdəm. kənfˈjuʃəs 20 ˈɔlˌweɪz rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ðə fˈjuʧər kəmz wən deɪ æt ə taɪm. din ˈæʧəsən 21 ˈməni ənd səkˈsɛs ʧeɪnʤ ˈpipəl; ðeɪ ˈmɪrli ˈæmpləˌfaɪ wət ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ðɛr. wɪl smɪθ 22 ˈvɛri ˈɔfən ə ʧeɪnʤ əv sɛlf ɪz ˈnidɪd mɔr ðən ə ʧeɪnʤ əv sin. ə. si. ˈbɛnsən 23 wi ˈkænɑt ʧeɪnʤ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ənˈtɪl wi əkˈsɛpt ɪt. ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən dɪz nɑt ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪt, ɪt əˈprɛsɪz. kɑrl jʊŋ 24 laɪf bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ ðə ˈlɪvɪŋ, ənd hi hu lɪvz məst bi priˈpɛrd fər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ˈjoʊhɑn ˈwʊlfˌgæŋ vɔn goʊθ 25 wɪˈθaʊt ʧeɪnʤ, ˈsəmθɪŋ slips ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈjuˈɛs, ənd ˈsɛldəm əˈweɪkənz. ðə sˈlipər məst əˈweɪkən. fræŋk ˈhərbərt 26 ʧeɪnʤ jʊr əˈpɪnjənz, kip tɪ jʊr ˈprɪnsəpəlz; ʧeɪnʤ jʊr livz, kip ˌɪnˈtækt jʊr ruts. ˈvɪktər ˈjugoʊ 27 laɪf ɪz əˈbaʊt nɑt noʊɪŋ, ˈhævɪŋ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ, ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈmoʊmənt ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə bɛst əv ɪt, wɪˈθaʊt noʊɪŋ goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən nɛkst. ˈgɪldə ˈrædnər 28 ðeɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz seɪ taɪm ˈʧeɪnʤɪz θɪŋz, bət ju ˈæˌkʧuəli hæv tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðɛm ˈjɔrsɛlf. ˈændi ˈwɔrhɔl 29 feɪs ðə fækts əv biɪŋ wət ju ər, fər ðət ɪz wət ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wət ju ər. 30 wɪn ju bleɪm ˈəðərz, ju gɪv əp jʊr paʊər tɪ ʧeɪnʤ. ˈrɑbərt ˈænθɔˌni 31 ðə ˈkjʊriəs ˈpɛrəˌdɑks ɪz ðət wɪn aɪ əkˈsɛpt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ʤɪst ɛz aɪ æm, ðɛn aɪ kən ʧeɪnʤ. kɑrl ˈrɑʤərz 32 ðɛr ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ɪkˈsɛpt ʧeɪnʤ. 33 ðə moʊst ənˈhæpi ˈpipəl hu moʊst fɪr ʧeɪnʤ. ˈmɪgnən məˈglɑklən 34 ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ɑr laɪf məst kəm frəm ðə ˌɪmˌpɔsɪˈbɪlɪti tɪ lɪv ˈəðərˌwaɪz ðən əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə dɪˈmændz əv ɑr ˈkɑnʃəns nɑt frəm ɑr ˈmɛntəl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən tɪ traɪ ə nu fɔrm əv laɪf. ˈlioʊ ˈtoʊlˌstɔɪ 35 ʧeɪnʤ wɪl ˈnɛvər ˈhæpən wɪn ˈpipəl læk ðə əˈbɪləˌti ənd kərɪʤ tɪ si ðɛmˈsɛlvz fər hu ðeɪ ər. braɪənt eɪʧ. məˈgɪl 36 ɑr dɪˈlɛmə ɪz ðət wi heɪt ʧeɪnʤ ənd ləv ɪt æt ðə seɪm taɪm; wət wi ˈrɪli wɔnt ɪz fər θɪŋz tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ðə seɪm bət gɪt ˈbɛtər. ˈsɪdni ʤeɪ. ˈhɛrɪs 37 aɪ ˈkænɑt seɪ ˈwɛðər θɪŋz wɪl gɪt ˈbɛtər ɪf wi ʧeɪnʤ; wət aɪ kən seɪ ɪz ðeɪ məst ʧeɪnʤ ɪf ðeɪ ər tɪ gɪt ˈbɛtər. geɪɔrg si. ˈlɪktənbərg 38 ʧeɪnʤ, laɪk ˈsənˌʃaɪn, kən bi ə frɛnd ər ə foʊ, ə ˈblɛsɪŋ ər ə kərs, ə dɔn ər ə dəsk. ˈwɪljəm ˈɑrθər wɔrd 39 hi hu ˈriʤɛkts ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ðə ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt əv dɪˈkeɪ. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈjumən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən wɪʧ ˈriʤɛkts ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪz ðə ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri. ˈhɛrəld ˈwɪlsən 40 ʧeɪnʤ ˌbiˈfɔr ju hæv tɪ. ʤæk wɛlʧ 41 wɪn ɪt bɪˈkəmz mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˈsəfər ðən tɪ change…*… ju wɪl ʧeɪnʤ. ˈrɑbərt ˈænθɔˌni 42 ˈpipəl ər ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈmæʤɪk ˈbʊlət ðət wɪl ˈtoʊtəli ʧeɪnʤ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈsɪŋgəl ˈmæʤɪk ˈbʊlət. ˈtɛmpəl ˈgrænˌdɪn 43 ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə sˈmɔləst dɪˈsɪʒənz ðət kən ʧeɪnʤ jʊr laɪf fərˈɛvər. ˈrəsəl 44 hi ðət wɪl nɑt əˈplaɪ nu ˈrɛmədiz məst ɪkˈspɛkt nu ˈivəlz; fər taɪm ɪz ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈɪnəˌveɪtər. ˈfrænsɪs ˈbeɪkən 45 ʧeɪnʤ minz ðət wət wɑz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈpərˌfɪkt. ˈpipəl wɔnt θɪŋz tɪ bi ˈbɛtər. ˈɛstər ˈdaɪsən 46 ðə fərst stɛp təˈwɔrd ʧeɪnʤ ɪz əˈwɛrnəs. ðə ˈsɛkənd stɛp ɪz əkˈsɛptəns. nəˈθænjəl ˈbrændən 47 ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl. ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ˈkɑnstənt. ˈbɛnʤəmən dɪzˈreɪli 48 ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈætəˌtudz, stɑrt wɪθ ə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈwɪljəm ˈglæsər 49 tɪ ʧeɪnʤ wət ju gɪt ju məst ʧeɪnʤ hu ju ər. ˈvərnən haʊərd 50 ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl. ʧeɪnʤ fər ðə ˈbɛtər ɪz ə ˈfʊlˌtaɪm ʤɑb. ɑˈdlɑi i. ˈstivənsən 51 ðə θɪŋ ðət laɪz æt ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən əv ˈpɑzətɪv ʧeɪnʤ, ðə weɪ aɪ si ɪt, ɪz ˈsərvɪs tɪ ə ˈfɛloʊ ˈjumən biɪŋ. lɛk wəˈlɛsə 52 ɪf ju fil laɪk ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ, ju wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli hæv ə ˈhɑrdər taɪm səkˈsidɪŋ. ˌɑnˈdreɪə jʊŋ teɪk ðə wən wik ˈʧælənʤ! stɑrt hir. |
in a photo from week 12 of the 2015 nfl season, an overjoyed brock is standing in the snow at sports authority field, arms lifted high above his head, his helmet in his hand, firework smoke above him. he is victorious, and at last, he is front and center.
that night, in just the second start of his career, the dramatically led the broncos back from a deficit to beat their hated conference rival patriots in first loss of the season. was the david to goliath in that moment, the underdog who finally had his chance to show he was ready to be a successful starter after sitting on the sidelines for three and a half seasons. headlines proclaimed that a star was born. he was the future of the denver broncos and the future started now.
the future was short-lived. by jan. 3 he was back on the bench. and by march, he was a houston very, very rich houston texan.
• with the most to prove in 2016: palmer | tannehill | taylor | luck
in his four-year nfl career, has seven starts, five wins and 11 touchdowns. and for that, the houston texans offered him $37 million in guaranteed money to be their starter.
it is going to take a lot more than five wins and one particularly memorable comeback on a snowy night to justify that kind of payday.
if one lesson learned from the nfl, that a brief success is not indicative of his long-term performance. remember matt season? matt day? small sample sizes have too often doomed teams into trusting quarterbacks who able to live up to the expectations. is brock any different? he needs to answer that question in 2016, and with the amount of trust and funds the texans have invested in him, it needs to be a resounding yes.
no doubt about it, was productive in denver, and he helped secure the no. 1 seed that proved crucial to the super bowl run. he was a good fit for gary more so than peyton he showed flashes of skill and poise at times. he threw a touchdown in every game he started except for one, and quickly earned the trust and support of his teammates amid a tricky situation after manning was benched. during that abbreviated 2015 season, he threw for a total of yards and 10 touchdowns.
but he also made mistakes that young, inexperienced quarterbacks make. he missed receivers and throws, and he was lucky enough to have the incomparable broncos defense to bail him out when his efforts were stagnant. in that aforementioned patriots game, he had a brutal first half, only really finding his rhythm at the end, and even with his heroics, his was for 270 yards and ar. the comeback was a nice story, but is it really anything more than that? when he was relegated back to the bench in favor of the hobbled manning in the middle of his season finale against the chargers, was anyone really that surprised?
this coming season may mark his fifth in the nfl, but he still has some serious growing pains to iron out. which is all well and good, except that you don't hand a quarterback a four-year, $72 million deal with $37 million in guaranteed money so that he can slowly work through his issues. the clock is ticking. he has to show that he has the upside that other backup busts have lacked, and he needs to do that this year.
the pieces are in place for him in houston. the texans’ defense is not as good as denver’s, but strong enough that the-led offense have to put up 40 points a game in order to win. not only do they boast a dynamic talent in receiver hopkins, but they also gained one of the best of the 2016 draft in will fuller, and lamar miller will give that running game a spark. this team has the potential to go very far with the right quarterback, and houston thinks it has finally found him.
osweiler reportedly left denver because he wanted to get out of the shadow that peyton manning cast, instead seizing the chance to create his own legacy elsewhere. perhaps-to-hopkins will become the next-receiver tandem. the spotlight is all his, and his moment of triumph need to be fleeting. this is his chance to show that the comeback against the patriots was just the beginning of a long, successful story. because for $72 million, he certainly better prove that this time, the future really does start now. | ɪn ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ frəm wik 12 əv ðə 2015 ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈsizən, ən ˌoʊvərˈʤɔɪd brɑk ɪz ˈstændɪŋ ɪn ðə snoʊ æt spɔrts əˈθɔrəti fild, ɑrmz ˈlɪftɪd haɪ əˈbəv hɪz hɛd, hɪz ˈhɛlmət ɪn hɪz hænd, ˈfaɪrˌwərk smoʊk əˈbəv ɪm. hi ɪz vɪkˈtɔriəs, ənd æt læst, hi ɪz frənt ənd ˈsɛnər. ðət naɪt, ɪn ʤɪst ðə ˈsɛkənd stɑrt əv hɪz kərɪr, ðə drəˈmætɪkəli lɛd ðə ˈbrɑŋkoʊz bæk frəm ə ˈdɛfəsət tɪ bit ðɛr ˈheɪtɪd ˈkɑnfərəns ˈraɪvəl ˈpeɪtriəts ɪn fərst lɔs əv ðə ˈsizən. wɑz ðə ˈdeɪvɪd tɪ gəˈlaɪəθ ɪn ðət ˈmoʊmənt, ðə ˈəndərˌdɔg hu ˈfaɪnəli hæd hɪz ʧæns tɪ ʃoʊ hi wɑz ˈrɛdi tɪ bi ə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈstɑrtər ˈæftər ˈsɪtɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈsaɪˌdlaɪnz fər θri ənd ə hæf ˈsizənz. ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz proʊˈkleɪmd ðət ə stɑr wɑz bɔrn. hi wɑz ðə fˈjuʧər əv ðə ˈdɛnvər ˈbrɑŋkoʊz ənd ðə fˈjuʧər ˈstɑrtɪd naʊ. ðə fˈjuʧər wɑz ˌʃɔrˈtlɪvd. baɪ ʤæn. 3 hi wɑz bæk ɔn ðə bɛnʧ. ənd baɪ mɑrʧ, hi wɑz ə ˈhjustən ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri rɪʧ ˈhjustən ˈtɛksən. wɪθ ðə moʊst tɪ pruv ɪn 2016 ˈpɑmər ˈtænɪhɪl ˈteɪlər lək ɪn hɪz ˌfɔˈrjɪr ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl kərɪr, həz ˈsɛvən stɑrts, faɪv wɪnz ənd 11 ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz. ənd fər ðət, ðə ˈhjustən ˈtɛksənz ˈɔfərd ɪm 37 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˌgɛrənˈtid ˈməni tɪ bi ðɛr ˈstɑrtər. ɪt ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ teɪk ə lɔt mɔr ðən faɪv wɪnz ənd wən ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈmɛmərəbəl ˈkəmˌbæk ɔn ə snoʊi naɪt tɪ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ðət kaɪnd əv ˈpeɪˌdeɪ. ɪf wən ˈlɛsən ˈlərnɪd frəm ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl, ðət ə brif səkˈsɛs ɪz nɑt ˌɪnˈdɪkətɪv əv hɪz ˈlɔŋˈtərm pərˈfɔrməns. rɪˈmɛmbər mæt ˈsizən? mæt deɪ? smɔl ˈsæmpəl ˈsaɪzɪz hæv tu ˈɔfən dumd timz ˈɪntu ˈtrəstɪŋ kˈwɔrtərˌbæks hu ˈeɪbəl tɪ lɪv əp tɪ ðə ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz. ɪz brɑk ˈɛni ˈdɪfərənt? hi nidz tɪ ˈænsər ðət kˈwɛʃən ɪn 2016 ənd wɪθ ðə əˈmaʊnt əv trəst ənd fəndz ðə ˈtɛksənz hæv ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd ɪn ɪm, ɪt nidz tɪ bi ə riˈsaʊndɪŋ jɛs. noʊ daʊt əˈbaʊt ɪt, wɑz pərˈdəktɪv ɪn ˈdɛnvər, ənd hi hɛlpt sɪˈkjʊr ðə noʊ. 1 sid ðət pruvd ˈkruʃəl tɪ ðə ˈsupər boʊl rən. hi wɑz ə gʊd fɪt fər ˈgɛri mɔr soʊ ðən ˈpeɪtən hi ʃoʊd ˈflæʃɪz əv skɪl ənd pɔɪz æt taɪmz. hi θru ə ˈtəʧˌdaʊn ɪn ˈɛvəri geɪm hi ˈstɑrtɪd ɪkˈsɛpt fər wən, ənd kˈwɪkli ərnd ðə trəst ənd səˈpɔrt əv hɪz ˈtimˌmeɪts əˈmɪd ə ˈtrɪki ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ˈæftər ˈmænɪŋ wɑz benched*. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðət əˈbriviˌeɪtɪd 2015 ˈsizən, hi θru fər ə ˈtoʊtəl əv jɑrdz ənd 10 ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz. bət hi ˈɔlsoʊ meɪd mɪˈsteɪks ðət jəŋ, ˌɪnɛkˈspɪriənst kˈwɔrtərˌbæks meɪk. hi mɪst rɪˈsivərz ənd θroʊz, ənd hi wɑz ˈləki ɪˈnəf tɪ hæv ðə ˌɪnˈkɑmpərəbəl ˈbrɑŋkoʊz dɪˈfɛns tɪ beɪl ɪm aʊt wɪn hɪz ˈɛfərts wər ˈstægnənt. ɪn ðət əˈfɔrˌmɛnʃənd ˈpeɪtriəts geɪm, hi hæd ə ˈbrutəl fərst hæf, ˈoʊnli ˈrɪli ˈfaɪndɪŋ hɪz ˈrɪðəm æt ðə ɛnd, ənd ˈivɪn wɪθ hɪz hɪˈroʊɪks, hɪz wɑz fər 270 jɑrdz ənd ə qbr*. ðə ˈkəmˌbæk wɑz ə nis ˈstɔri, bət ɪz ɪt ˈrɪli ˈɛniˌθɪŋ mɔr ðən ðət? wɪn hi wɑz ˈrɛləˌgeɪtɪd bæk tɪ ðə bɛnʧ ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ðə ˈhɑbəld ˈmænɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv hɪz ˈsizən fəˈnæli əˈgɛnst ðə ˈʧɑrʤərz, wɑz ˈɛniˌwən ˈrɪli ðət səˈpraɪzd? ðɪs ˈkəmɪŋ ˈsizən meɪ mɑrk hɪz fɪθ ɪn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl, bət hi stɪl həz səm ˈsɪriəs groʊɪŋ peɪnz tɪ aɪərn aʊt. wɪʧ ɪz ɔl wɛl ənd gʊd, ɪkˈsɛpt ðət ju doʊnt hænd ə kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ə ˌfɔˈrjɪr, 72 ˈmɪljən dil wɪθ 37 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˌgɛrənˈtid ˈməni soʊ ðət hi kən sˈloʊli wərk θru hɪz ˈɪʃuz. ðə klɑk ɪz ˈtɪkɪŋ. hi həz tɪ ʃoʊ ðət hi həz ðə ˈəpˈsaɪd ðət ˈəðər ˈbæˌkəp bəsts hæv lækt, ənd hi nidz tɪ du ðət ðɪs jɪr. ðə ˈpisɪz ər ɪn pleɪs fər ɪm ɪn ˈhjustən. ðə texans’*’ dɪˈfɛns ɪz nɑt ɛz gʊd ɛz denver’s*, bət strɔŋ ɪˈnəf ðət ðə əˈfɛns hæv tɪ pʊt əp 40 pɔɪnts ə geɪm ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ wɪn. nɑt ˈoʊnli du ðeɪ boʊst ə daɪˈnæmɪk ˈtælənt ɪn rɪˈsivər ˈhɑpkɪnz, bət ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ geɪnd wən əv ðə bɛst əv ðə 2016 dræft ɪn wɪl ˈfʊlər, ənd lɑˈmɑr ˈmɪlər wɪl gɪv ðət ˈrənɪŋ geɪm ə spɑrk. ðɪs tim həz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ goʊ ˈvɛri fɑr wɪθ ðə raɪt kˈwɔrtərˌbæk, ənd ˈhjustən θɪŋks ɪt həz ˈfaɪnəli faʊnd ɪm. rɪˈpɔrtədli lɛft ˈdɛnvər bɪˈkəz hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ gɪt aʊt əv ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊ ðət ˈpeɪtən ˈmænɪŋ kæst, ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈsizɪŋ ðə ʧæns tɪ kriˈeɪt hɪz oʊn ˈlɛgəsi ˈɛlsˌwɛr. pərˈhæps wɪl bɪˈkəm ðə nɛkst ˈtændəm. ðə ˈspɑˌtlaɪt ɪz ɔl hɪz, ənd hɪz ˈmoʊmənt əv traɪəmf nid tɪ bi ˈflitɪŋ. ðɪs ɪz hɪz ʧæns tɪ ʃoʊ ðət ðə ˈkəmˌbæk əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpeɪtriəts wɑz ʤɪst ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ə lɔŋ, səkˈsɛsfəl ˈstɔri. bɪˈkəz fər 72 ˈmɪljən, hi ˈsərtənli ˈbɛtər pruv ðət ðɪs taɪm, ðə fˈjuʧər ˈrɪli dɪz stɑrt naʊ. |
milan inter president erick has set off for london this morning on business connected with the group, his indonesian company working in media and communication.
before he departed, he released the following interview to sky sport.
president, can you tell us about your trip to paris and the one you're about to take?
"as always, it's good to meet with other presidents. i was in madrid before to say hi to florentino perez and we also met with him in china. we met with in china as well.
"since nasser invited us, i think it was good to be there because we've played paris two times already: last year and this year. and there might be a possibility of playing again in the future. at the same time, for example, i had dinner with the as monaco vice president the other evening.
"it's good to speak with other clubs. it's about relations, we didn't discuss players or anything. it's important for big clubs to have good relations. this is also why i keep saying that in a it's important for the clubs to have good relations because otherwise we'll all have different strategies. if we talk together maybe we can all move in the same direction."
why did you decide to send the team on the training camp? what are you expecting for saturday's match?
"the training camp was roberto decision together with the management team. but i think it's good. maybe it's not so common in other countries. it's good for them to come together for three or four days, to do something together as a team in a calm environment.
"we have to win tomorrow, we have a good team and roberto mancini is the best coach for us. we have a competitive squad and we were able to strengthen it in the january transfer window as well. we still have 13 matches to go, the team has to stay calm and fight for our objectives."
we know about the agreement with pirelli. can you explain the plans to make inter stronger from a financial point of view, also taking into account if you don't make qualification for the champions league?
"it's a long relationship with pirelli. the agreement is a positive thing for our relations, we've just extended our partnership for another five years. it will become the longest sponsorship deal in italian football and one of the longest in europe. pirelli is a good brand and so is inter.
"working together is good for both parties. especially now both companies are looking at asia for future partners. it's good to decide what we can come up with together as a strategy to penetrate the asian market.
"also, we always have a business plan for every situation: one for the champions league, one for the europa league and one in case we don't qualify for either, which obviously wouldn't be good. revenue is still growing and we've built a competitive squad. if we get into the champions league, we'll have more opportunities to invest."
is there any news on the partner you're looking for in china? hainan airlines have been mentioned. could they acquire some of your shares?
"i think this is where people are mistaken. we're looking for sponsorship partners globally from indonesia, china, anywhere. we don't have any airline partners and that's why some people have mentioned garuda before.
"hainan are looking for sponsorship partners but we've spoken to other airline companies globally too about becoming our partners. because as you know, in sponsorship we have car partners, airline partners, bank partners.
"in china it's a different ball game right now. they're breaking the records on spending money on players. they're building up chinese football seriously. i think it's a good opportunity for us to connect with them as a club.
"as for equity partners, we haven't discussed that seriously but it's something we could discuss in the future so you never know. we shouldn't close our eyes because at the end of the day the world has become very global but at the same time it's good to have partners that can make sure inter keep growing."
mourinho and will probably be at san tomorrow. have you ever met them?
"it's great that they're coming to the meazza. i met in paris and i'm a fan of his. we discussed a lot of things and it's very good that he can come to san. i invited him to come and support inter and he was open to that idea. maybe we could even work with him on the other side of the world with inter.
"i met jose in jakarta a few years ago before i became president of inter. he's a manager of the highest who made history at inter but we have roberto mancini now and he also has a good track record, winning lots of trophies. i still believe he can revamp the team.
"if you compare this year's inter with last year's, it's a different team. but of course we need time and that's not just an excuse. at the same time, roberto mancini knows what our target is we want to be in the champions league. that's why he's very serious about working closely with the players at the moment."
could you reassure us on future? because likes him...
"icardi is part of our plans. if you look at murillo, miranda, medel, kondogbia, they're all part of our plans, like icardi. the same goes for telles, and our plan is to bring them all together. palacio has extended and we're still in discussions with nagatomo.
"we have to try and keep the squad together for two or three years. you can't change the team every season we have to keep largely the same team and maybe bring in two or three new players."
will you keep faith with this team even if you make the champions league?
"yes, the champions league is our target but of course sometimes in football results are. so really looking forward to the match against and i believe have lunch with president ferrero next week.
"it’s good to meet with different presidents. good to see the fans too and there are a few inter legends coming."
now off to london?
"yes, going to london on business not for inter. my other business but be back."
versión indonesiaone italiana | ˈmaɪˌlæn ˌɪnˈtər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈɛrɪk həz sɛt ɔf fər ˈləndən ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ ɔn ˈbɪznɪs kəˈnɛktɪd wɪθ ðə grup, hɪz ˌɪndoʊˈniʒən ˈkəmpəˌni ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ˈmidiə ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən. ˌbiˈfɔr hi dɪˈpɑrtɪd, hi riˈlist ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈɪntərvˌju tɪ skaɪ spɔrt. ˈprɛzɪdənt, kən ju tɛl ˈjuˈɛs əˈbaʊt jʊr trɪp tɪ ˈpɛrɪs ənd ðə wən jʊr əˈbaʊt tɪ teɪk? "ɛz ˈɔlˌweɪz, ɪts gʊd tɪ mit wɪθ ˈəðər ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts. aɪ wɑz ɪn məˈdrɪd ˌbiˈfɔr tɪ seɪ haɪ tɪ flɔrɛnˈtinoʊ ˈpɛrɛz ənd wi ˈɔlsoʊ mɛt wɪθ ɪm ɪn ˈʧaɪnə. wi mɛt wɪθ ɪn ˈʧaɪnə ɛz wɛl. "sɪns ˈnæsər ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ˈjuˈɛs, aɪ θɪŋk ɪt wɑz gʊd tɪ bi ðɛr bɪˈkəz wiv pleɪd ˈpɛrɪs tu taɪmz ɔˈrɛdi: læst jɪr ənd ðɪs jɪr. ənd ðɛr maɪt bi ə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv pleɪɪŋ əˈgɛn ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, aɪ hæd ˈdɪnər wɪθ ðə ɛz ˈmɑnəˌkoʊ vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt ðə ˈəðər ˈivnɪŋ. "ɪts gʊd tɪ spik wɪθ ˈəðər kləbz. ɪts əˈbaʊt riˈleɪʃənz, wi ˈdɪdənt dɪˈskəs pleɪərz ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ɪts ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər bɪg kləbz tɪ hæv gʊd riˈleɪʃənz. ðɪs ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ waɪ aɪ kip seɪɪŋ ðət ɪn ə ɪts ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ðə kləbz tɪ hæv gʊd riˈleɪʃənz bɪˈkəz ˈəðərˌwaɪz wɪl ɔl hæv ˈdɪfərənt ˈstrætəʤiz. ɪf wi tɔk təˈgɛðər ˈmeɪbi wi kən ɔl muv ɪn ðə seɪm dɪˈrɛkʃɪn." waɪ dɪd ju ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ sɛnd ðə tim ɔn ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmp? wət ər ju ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ fər ˈsætərdiz mæʧ? "ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmp wɑz rəˈbɛrtoʊ dɪˈsɪʒən təˈgɛðər wɪθ ðə ˈmænɪʤmənt tim. bət aɪ θɪŋk ɪts gʊd. ˈmeɪbi ɪts nɑt soʊ ˈkɑmən ɪn ˈəðər ˈkəntriz. ɪts gʊd fər ðɛm tɪ kəm təˈgɛðər fər θri ər fɔr deɪz, tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ təˈgɛðər ɛz ə tim ɪn ə kɑm ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. "wi hæv tɪ wɪn təˈmɑˌroʊ, wi hæv ə gʊd tim ənd rəˈbɛrtoʊ mɑnˈʧini ɪz ðə bɛst koʊʧ fər ˈjuˈɛs. wi hæv ə kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv skwɑd ənd wi wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈstrɛŋθən ɪt ɪn ðə ˈʤænjuˌɛri ˈtrænsfər ˈwɪndoʊ ɛz wɛl. wi stɪl hæv 13 ˈmæʧɪz tɪ goʊ, ðə tim həz tɪ steɪ kɑm ənd faɪt fər ɑr əˈbʤɛktɪvz." wi noʊ əˈbaʊt ðə əˈgrimənt wɪθ pɪˈrɛli. kən ju ɪkˈspleɪn ðə plænz tɪ meɪk ˌɪnˈtər ˈstrɔŋgər frəm ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl pɔɪnt əv vju, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ɪf ju doʊnt meɪk kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃən fər ðə ˈʧæmpiənz lig? "ɪts ə lɔŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ pɪˈrɛli. ðə əˈgrimənt ɪz ə ˈpɑzətɪv θɪŋ fər ɑr riˈleɪʃənz, wiv ʤɪst ɪkˈstɛndɪd ɑr ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp fər əˈnəðər faɪv jɪrz. ɪt wɪl bɪˈkəm ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst ˈspɑnsərˌʃɪp dil ɪn ˌɪˈtæljən ˈfʊtˌbɔl ənd wən əv ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst ɪn ˈjʊrəp. pɪˈrɛli ɪz ə gʊd brænd ənd soʊ ɪz ˌɪnˈtər. "ˈwərkɪŋ təˈgɛðər ɪz gʊd fər boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz. əˈspɛʃəli naʊ boʊθ ˈkəmpəˌniz ər ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ˈeɪʒə fər fˈjuʧər ˈpɑrtnərz. ɪts gʊd tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd wət wi kən kəm əp wɪθ təˈgɛðər ɛz ə ˈstrætəʤi tɪ ˈpɛnəˌtreɪt ðə ˈeɪʒən ˈmɑrkɪt. "ˈɔlsoʊ, wi ˈɔlˌweɪz hæv ə ˈbɪznɪs plæn fər ˈɛvəri ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən: wən fər ðə ˈʧæmpiənz lig, wən fər ðə jʊˈroʊpə lig ənd wən ɪn keɪs wi doʊnt kˈwɑləˌfaɪ fər ˈiðər, wɪʧ ˈɑbviəsli ˈwʊdənt bi gʊd. ˈrɛvəˌnu ɪz stɪl groʊɪŋ ənd wiv bɪlt ə kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv skwɑd. ɪf wi gɪt ˈɪntu ðə ˈʧæmpiənz lig, wɪl hæv mɔr ˌɑpərˈtunətiz tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst." ɪz ðɛr ˈɛni nuz ɔn ðə ˈpɑrtnər jʊr ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ɪn ˈʧaɪnə? ˈheɪnən ˈɛˌrlaɪnz hæv bɪn ˈmɛnʃənd. kʊd ðeɪ əkˈwaɪər səm əv jʊr ʃɛrz? "aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz wɛr ˈpipəl ər mɪˈsteɪkən. wɪr ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈspɑnsərˌʃɪp ˈpɑrtnərz ˈgloʊbəli frəm ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə, ˈʧaɪnə, ˈɛniˌwɛr. wi doʊnt hæv ˈɛni ˈɛˌrlaɪn ˈpɑrtnərz ənd ðæts waɪ səm ˈpipəl hæv ˈmɛnʃənd gəˈrudə ˌbiˈfɔr. "ˈheɪnən ər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈspɑnsərˌʃɪp ˈpɑrtnərz bət wiv ˈspoʊkən tɪ ˈəðər ˈɛˌrlaɪn ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈgloʊbəli tu əˈbaʊt bɪˈkəmɪŋ ɑr ˈpɑrtnərz. bɪˈkəz ɛz ju noʊ, ɪn ˈspɑnsərˌʃɪp wi hæv kɑr ˈpɑrtnərz, ˈɛˌrlaɪn ˈpɑrtnərz, bæŋk ˈpɑrtnərz. "ɪn ˈʧaɪnə ɪts ə ˈdɪfərənt bɔl geɪm raɪt naʊ. ðɛr ˈbreɪkɪŋ ðə ˈrɛkərdz ɔn ˈspɛndɪŋ ˈməni ɔn pleɪərz. ðɛr ˈbɪldɪŋ əp ʧaɪˈniz ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈsɪriəsli. aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ə gʊd ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ kəˈnɛkt wɪθ ðɛm ɛz ə kləb. "ɛz fər ˈɛkwəti ˈpɑrtnərz, wi ˈhævənt dɪˈskəst ðət ˈsɪriəsli bət ɪts ˈsəmθɪŋ wi kʊd dɪˈskəs ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər soʊ ju ˈnɛvər noʊ. wi ˈʃʊdənt kloʊz ɑr aɪz bɪˈkəz æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ ðə wərld həz bɪˈkəm ˈvɛri ˈgloʊbəl bət æt ðə seɪm taɪm ɪts gʊd tɪ hæv ˈpɑrtnərz ðət kən meɪk ʃʊr ˌɪnˈtər kip groʊɪŋ." ənd wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli bi æt sæn təˈmɑˌroʊ. hæv ju ˈɛvər mɛt ðɛm? "ɪts greɪt ðət ðɛr ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə meazza*. aɪ mɛt ɪn ˈpɛrɪs ənd əm ə fæn əv hɪz. wi dɪˈskəst ə lɔt əv θɪŋz ənd ɪts ˈvɛri gʊd ðət hi kən kəm tɪ sæn. aɪ ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ɪm tɪ kəm ənd səˈpɔrt ˌɪnˈtər ənd hi wɑz ˈoʊpən tɪ ðət aɪˈdiə. ˈmeɪbi wi kʊd ˈivɪn wərk wɪθ ɪm ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd əv ðə wərld wɪθ ˌɪnˈtər. "aɪ mɛt ˌhoʊˈzeɪ ɪn ʤəˈkɑrtə ə fju jɪrz əˈgoʊ ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ bɪˈkeɪm ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˌɪnˈtər. hiz ə ˈmænɪʤər əv ðə haɪəst hu meɪd ˈhɪstəri æt ˌɪnˈtər bət wi hæv rəˈbɛrtoʊ mɑnˈʧini naʊ ənd hi ˈɔlsoʊ həz ə gʊd træk ˈrɛkərd, ˈwɪnɪŋ lɑts əv ˈtroʊfiz. aɪ stɪl bɪˈliv hi kən riˈvæmp ðə tim. "ɪf ju kəmˈpɛr ðɪs jɪrz ˌɪnˈtər wɪθ læst jɪrz, ɪts ə ˈdɪfərənt tim. bət əv kɔrs wi nid taɪm ənd ðæts nɑt ʤɪst ən ɪkˈskjuz. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, rəˈbɛrtoʊ mɑnˈʧini noʊz wət ɑr ˈtərgət ɪz wi wɔnt tɪ bi ɪn ðə ˈʧæmpiənz lig. ðæts waɪ hiz ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəs əˈbaʊt ˈwərkɪŋ ˈkloʊsli wɪθ ðə pleɪərz æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt." kʊd ju ˌriəˈʃʊr ˈjuˈɛs ɔn fˈjuʧər? bɪˈkəz laɪks ɪm... ɪz pɑrt əv ɑr plænz. ɪf ju lʊk æt məˈrɪloʊ, mərˈændə, ˈmɛdəl, kondogbia*, ðɛr ɔl pɑrt əv ɑr plænz, laɪk icardi*. ðə seɪm goʊz fər tɛlz, ənd ɑr plæn ɪz tɪ brɪŋ ðɛm ɔl təˈgɛðər. pəˈleɪsioʊ həz ɪkˈstɛndɪd ənd wɪr stɪl ɪn dɪˈskəʃənz wɪθ nagatomo*. "wi hæv tɪ traɪ ənd kip ðə skwɑd təˈgɛðər fər tu ər θri jɪrz. ju kænt ʧeɪnʤ ðə tim ˈɛvəri ˈsizən wi hæv tɪ kip ˈlɑrʤli ðə seɪm tim ənd ˈmeɪbi brɪŋ ɪn tu ər θri nu pleɪərz." wɪl ju kip feɪθ wɪθ ðɪs tim ˈivɪn ɪf ju meɪk ðə ˈʧæmpiənz lig? "jɛs, ðə ˈʧæmpiənz lig ɪz ɑr ˈtərgət bət əv kɔrs ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ɪn ˈfʊtˌbɔl rɪˈzəlts ər soʊ ˈrɪli ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ðə mæʧ əˈgɛnst ənd aɪ bɪˈliv hæv lənʧ wɪθ ˈprɛzɪdənt fɛˈrɛroʊ nɛkst wik. gʊd tɪ mit wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts. gʊd tɪ si ðə fænz tu ənd ðɛr ər ə fju ˌɪnˈtər ˈlɛʤəndz ˈkəmɪŋ." naʊ ɔf tɪ ˈləndən? "jɛs, goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈləndən ɔn ˈbɪznɪs nɑt fər ˌɪnˈtər. maɪ ˈəðər ˈbɪznɪs bət bi bæk." ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ˌɪˌtæliˈænə |
at its conference today, google announced that android auto is going to be available to a lot more people this year. how? you're not going to need a car or head unit that supports it anymore.
an update to the android auto phone app coming later this year will enable the full android auto experience right on the phone itself, without needing to be plugged into a compatible car. the idea is that you could snap your phone into a cradle of some sort which many of us do already and just load up the android auto app for navigation and infotainment rather than relying on an display. (this is particularly practical now that many phones have huge displays themselves.) like the android auto experience, the is simplified and voice-centric, keeping driver distraction to a minimum.
of course, you'd probably still want to route audio into the car so you can hear music and navigation instructions, so a car that supports bluetooth streaming or at least has a aux in jack would be preferred. but theoretically, you could just rely entirely on the phone for sound, too.
support for systems like android auto and is growing in the auto industry with each passing model year, but some manufacturers are still slow on the uptake toyota, for instance so this might make the decision to buy a prius just a little easier. if you're into the prius, that is.
google’s maserati is running android | æt ɪts ˈkɑnfərəns təˈdeɪ, ˈgugəl əˈnaʊnst ðət ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈɔtoʊ ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ə lɔt mɔr ˈpipəl ðɪs jɪr. haʊ? jʊr nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ nid ə kɑr ər hɛd ˈjunɪt ðət səˈpɔrts ɪt ˌɛniˈmɔr. ən ˈəpˌdeɪt tɪ ðə ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈɔtoʊ foʊn æp ˈkəmɪŋ ˈleɪtər ðɪs jɪr wɪl ɪˈneɪbəl ðə fʊl ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈɔtoʊ ɪkˈspɪriəns raɪt ɔn ðə foʊn ˌɪtˈsɛlf, wɪˈθaʊt ˈnidɪŋ tɪ bi pləgd ˈɪntu ə kəmˈpætəbəl kɑr. ðə aɪˈdiə ɪz ðət ju kʊd snæp jʊr foʊn ˈɪntu ə ˈkreɪdəl əv səm sɔrt wɪʧ ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs du ɔˈrɛdi ənd ʤɪst loʊd əp ðə ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈɔtoʊ æp fər ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ənd ˌɪnfoʊˈteɪnmənt ˈrəðər ðən riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn ən dɪˈspleɪ. (ðɪs ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈpræktɪkəl naʊ ðət ˈmɛni foʊnz hæv juʤ dɪˈspleɪz ðɛmˈsɛlvz.) laɪk ðə ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈɔtoʊ ɪkˈspɪriəns, ðə ɪz ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪd ənd voice-centric*, ˈkipɪŋ ˈdraɪvər dɪˈstrækʃən tɪ ə ˈmɪnəməm. əv kɔrs, jʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli stɪl wɔnt tɪ rut ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈɪntu ðə kɑr soʊ ju kən hir mˈjuzɪk ənd ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz, soʊ ə kɑr ðət səˈpɔrts ˈbluˌtuθ ˈstrimɪŋ ər æt list həz ə oʊ ɪn ʤæk wʊd bi prɪˈfərd. bət ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəli, ju kʊd ʤɪst rɪˈlaɪ ɪnˈtaɪərli ɔn ðə foʊn fər saʊnd, tu. səˈpɔrt fər ˈsɪstəmz laɪk ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈɔtoʊ ənd ɪz groʊɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɔtoʊ ˈɪndəstri wɪθ iʧ ˈpæsɪŋ ˈmɑdəl jɪr, bət səm ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ər stɪl sloʊ ɔn ðə ˈəpˌteɪk toʊˈjoʊtə, fər ˈɪnstəns soʊ ðɪs maɪt meɪk ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ baɪ ə praɪəs ʤɪst ə ˈlɪtəl ˈiziər. ɪf jʊr ˈɪntu ðə praɪəs, ðət ɪz. ˌmæsɛˈrɑti ɪz ˈrənɪŋ ˈænˌdrɔɪd |
figure 7.
relationship between performance and activation in functional within the executive network and dmn. a, regions of interest: the executive network (warm colors) was parsed into 21 functional regions of interest by applying a watershed algorithm to the map of the > contrast using an initial threshold of z > 20. six regions of interest in the default mode network were similarly constructed from the contrast of >. b, activation in each of these regions within the executive network (and of certain default mode regions) was significantly associated with better performance mainly at the highest (2-back) levels of wm load. in contrast, associations with age in these regions did not survive multiple comparison correction at any level of wm load. the depicts partial correlation at each level of wm load (0-back, 1-back,) from each of the 21 executive network regions (red) and 6 default mode regions (blue), displayed in a. partial correlations were calculated between region percentage signal change and performance while accounting for age, sex, and motion. | ˈfɪgjər 7 riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin pərˈfɔrməns ənd ˌæktəˈveɪʃən ɪn ˈfəŋkʃənəl wɪˈθɪn ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈnɛtˌwərk ənd dmn*. ə, ˈriʤənz əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst: ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈnɛtˌwərk (wɔrm ˈkələrz) wɑz pɑrst ˈɪntu 21 ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈriʤənz əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst baɪ əˈplaɪɪŋ ə ˈwɔtərˌʃɛd ˈælgərˌɪðəm tɪ ðə mæp əv ðə ˈkɑntræst ˈjuzɪŋ ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl θˈrɛˌʃoʊld əv zi 20 sɪks ˈriʤənz əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðə dɪˈfɔlt moʊd ˈnɛtˌwərk wər ˈsɪmələrli kənˈstrəktɪd frəm ðə ˈkɑntræst əv . bi, ˌæktəˈveɪʃən ɪn iʧ əv ðiz ˈriʤənz wɪˈθɪn ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈnɛtˌwərk (ənd əv ˈsərtən dɪˈfɔlt moʊd ˈriʤənz) wɑz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈbɛtər pərˈfɔrməns ˈmeɪnli æt ðə haɪəst) ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈwɪljəm loʊd. ɪn ˈkɑntræst, əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wɪθ eɪʤ ɪn ðiz ˈriʤənz dɪd nɑt sərˈvaɪv ˈməltəpəl kəmˈpɛrəsən kərˈɛkʃən æt ˈɛni ˈlɛvəl əv ˈwɪljəm loʊd. ðə dɪˈpɪkts ˈpɑrʃəl ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən æt iʧ ˈlɛvəl əv ˈwɪljəm loʊd, 1-back*,) frəm iʧ əv ðə 21 ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈriʤənz (rɛd) ənd 6 dɪˈfɔlt moʊd ˈriʤənz (blu), dɪˈspleɪd ɪn ə. ˈpɑrʃəl ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃənz wər ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd bɪtˈwin ˈriʤən pərˈsɛnɪʤ ˈsɪgnəl ʧeɪnʤ ənd pərˈfɔrməns waɪl əˈkaʊnɪŋ fər eɪʤ, sɛks, ənd ˈmoʊʃən. |
for god so loved the 1 percent…
by kevin m. kruse
new york times, 17 january 2012
extract:
realizing that they needed to rely on others, these businessmen took a new tack: using generous financing to enlist sympathetic clergymen as their champions. after all, according to one tycoon, polls showed that, “of all the groups in america, ministers had more to do with molding public opinion” than any other.
read full article.
phi beta iota: the 1% actually believe in “survival of the fittest” and earnestly consider most humans to be less than human, mere animals to be exploited as is their right. religions that regard others as includes the catholic, islamic, jewish, and mormon “do not count,” are as corrupt as the governments they join in serving the 1%. sluts lack integrity. time we stop following sluts, be they or sanctimonious.
see also:
2012 reflexivity = integrity: toward
george soros nails it: intelligence with integrity
journal: politics & only when integrity is central to both
reference: the republic of, by, and for…
reference: empire of lies & secrecy
review: to say obscene politics, culture, and comedy in america today
search: integrity | fər gɑd soʊ ləvd ðə 1 percent…*… baɪ ˈkɛvɪn ɛm. kruz nu jɔrk taɪmz, 17 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2012 ˈɛkˌstrækt: ˈriəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðət ðeɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ˈəðərz, ðiz ˈbɪznɪsˌmɛn tʊk ə nu tæk: ˈjuzɪŋ ˈʤɛnərəs fɪˈnænsɪŋ tɪ ˌɛnˈlɪst ˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk ˈklərʤiˌmɛn ɛz ðɛr ˈʧæmpiənz. ˈæftər ɔl, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wən taɪˈkun, poʊlz ʃoʊd ðət, ɔl ðə grups ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə, ˈmɪnɪstərz hæd mɔr tɪ du wɪθ ˈmoʊldɪŋ ˈpəblɪk opinion”*” ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər. rɛd fʊl ˈɑrtɪkəl. faɪ ˈbeɪtə ˌaɪˈoʊtə: ðə 1 ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪˈliv ɪn əv ðə fittest”*” ənd ˈərnəstli kənˈsɪdər moʊst ˈjumənz tɪ bi lɛs ðən ˈjumən, mɪr ˈænəməlz tɪ bi ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtəd ɛz ɪz ðɛr raɪt. riˈlɪʤənz ðət rɪˈgɑrd ˈəðərz ɛz ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˈkæθlɪk, ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk, ʤuɪʃ, ənd ˈmɔrmən nɑt count,”*,” ər ɛz kərəpt ɛz ðə ˈgəvərnmənts ðeɪ ʤɔɪn ɪn ˈsərvɪŋ ðə 1 sləts læk ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti. taɪm wi stɑp ˈfɑloʊɪŋ sləts, bi ðeɪ ər ˌsæŋktəˈmoʊniəs. si ˈɔlsoʊ: 2012 ˌriˌflɛkˈsɪvɪti ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti: təˈwɔrd ʤɔrʤ ˈsɔroʊs neɪlz ɪt: ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns wɪθ ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti ˈʤərnəl: ˈpɑləˌtɪks ˈoʊnli wɪn ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti ɪz ˈsɛntrəl tɪ boʊθ ˈrɛfərəns: ðə riˈpəblɪk əv, baɪ, ənd for…*… ˈrɛfərəns: ˈɛmpaɪər əv laɪz ˈsikrəsi ˌrivˈju: tɪ seɪ əbˈsin ˈpɑləˌtɪks, ˈkəlʧər, ənd ˈkɑmədi ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə təˈdeɪ sərʧ: ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti |
as you are certainly aware, the new consensus among most republicans and conservatives is that they need no stinking latinos get huffy on me; this is ok, because a clever movie reference, and in any case aimed not at latinos, but at stupid republicans) and will soar to victory on the strength of the white vote. people like me have spent a lot of airtime and ink these past couple of weeks arguing over whether this can work. but interesting is this. an assumption embedded in the argument that no one disputes: namely, that whites will always be as conservative as they are now and will always vote republican in the same numbers they do now. this assumption is wrong. white people—yep, even white going to get less conservative in coming years, so the republicans’ hopes of building a party will likely be dashed in the future even by white people themselves.
we already know all about the white voters, the well-educated and people who have shifted dramatically to the democratic column over the past generation. those voters are increasingly lost to the. true, mitt romney beat barack obama among college graduates (of all races) 51 percent to 47 percent, but obama won going away among postgrads. combine that with a democratic lock on a huge chunk of a growing minority vote, and why the democratic party goes into presidential elections now with a massive presumed electoral college advantage (in recent elections, democratic candidates have regularly won states totaling 263 electoral votes, just seven shy of the magic number).
everyone knows and concedes all this. and everyone counters it by saying that the republicans will just goose the white vote. as i noted above, everyone agrees that that vote is theirs for the goosing. but what if it?
back in march, the brookings institution and the public religion research institute released a big poll on immigration. those findings are interesting as far as they go, but the questions and results went beyond that. the first poll seen that breaks the white working class into four distinct age groups (65-plus, 50 to 64, 30 to 49, 18 to 29) and asks respondents attitudes about a broad range of social issues. and guess what? white are fairly liberal!
click on the above link, scroll down to page 44, and look at the charts. on most questions, white respondents in all three other age groups yielded results that were pretty similar to one another’s, but the youngest cohort was well to their left.
white young people back gay marriage to the tune of about 74 percent. another 60 percent say immigrants strengthen the united states (the totals for all three other age groups are below 40 percent). about 56 percent agree that changes immigrants have brought to their communities are a good thing. nearly 40 percent agree that gays and lesbians are changing america for the better (more than double the percentages in the other three age groups).
they have different views because different people: only 22 percent of white are evangelical, compared with 32 percent as a whole and 42 percent of seniors. and an amazing 38 percent of the group call themselves religiously unaffiliated.
all in all, not your white working class. sure, their views will become a bit more conservative as they age and have kids and own property. more will start attending church, undoubtedly. but the striking differences between their views and those of the three older groups are consistent, they are uniform, and they are pretty vast. (the poll did not ask about their attitudes toward african-americans, about which curious; i would expect less though still meaningful departure from the older cohorts.)
which suggests to me that some views change. these young people grew up in the america of will and grace and the relentlessly sesame street just as surely as children in berkeley and takoma park did. they vote like their counterparts who grew up in berkeley and takoma park, but certainly their going to be carrying around a lot of the racial resentments that their grandparents shoulder every day.
so hand it to the republicans. they make the strategic decision to go all south africa on us at a time when a sizable and chunk of one of the most segments of the white vote going to want that anymore. so, far from the share of the white vote sailing up toward 70 percent as sean so predicts, it seems just as likely to decrease as we enter the and see the sprouting of a more liberal (or less conservative) white working class. finally, the republican party will be the party of true equality, having equally alienated every racial and ethnic group in america. | ɛz ju ər ˈsərtənli əˈwɛr, ðə nu kənˈsɛnsəs əˈməŋ moʊst rɪˈpəblɪkənz ənd kənˈsərvətɪvz ɪz ðət ðeɪ nid noʊ ˈstɪŋkɪŋ lɑˈtinoʊs gɪt ˈhəfi ɔn mi; ðɪs ɪz ˈoʊˈkeɪ, bɪˈkəz ə ˈklɛvər ˈmuvi ˈrɛfərəns, ənd ɪn ˈɛni keɪs eɪmd nɑt æt lɑˈtinoʊs, bət æt ˈstupɪd rɪˈpəblɪkənz) ənd wɪl sɔr tɪ ˈvɪktəri ɔn ðə strɛŋθ əv ðə waɪt voʊt. ˈpipəl laɪk mi hæv spɛnt ə lɔt əv ˈɛrˌtaɪm ənd ɪŋk ðiz pæst ˈkəpəl əv wiks ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ˈoʊvər ˈwɛðər ðɪs kən wərk. bət ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ɪz ðɪs. ən əˈsəmpʃən ɛmˈbɛdɪd ɪn ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət noʊ wən dɪˈspjuts: ˈneɪmli, ðət waɪts wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ɛz kənˈsərvətɪv ɛz ðeɪ ər naʊ ənd wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz voʊt rɪˈpəblɪkən ɪn ðə seɪm ˈnəmbərz ðeɪ du naʊ. ðɪs əˈsəmpʃən ɪz rɔŋ. waɪt people—yep*, ˈivɪn waɪt goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt lɛs kənˈsərvətɪv ɪn ˈkəmɪŋ jɪrz, soʊ ðə republicans’*’ hoʊps əv ˈbɪldɪŋ ə ˈpɑrti wɪl ˈlaɪkli bi dæʃt ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər ˈivɪn baɪ waɪt ˈpipəl ðɛmˈsɛlvz. wi ɔˈrɛdi noʊ ɔl əˈbaʊt ðə waɪt ˈvoʊtərz, ðə ˈwɛˈlɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd ənd ˈpipəl hu hæv ˈʃɪftɪd drəˈmætɪkəli tɪ ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈkɑləm ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən. ðoʊz ˈvoʊtərz ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli lɔst tɪ ðə. tru, mɪt ˈrɑmni bit ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə əˈməŋ ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈgræʤəˌweɪts (əv ɔl ˈreɪsɪz) 51 pərˈsɛnt tɪ 47 pərˈsɛnt, bət ˌoʊˈbɑmə wən goʊɪŋ əˈweɪ əˈməŋ postgrads*. ˈkɑmbaɪn ðət wɪθ ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk lɑk ɔn ə juʤ ʧəŋk əv ə groʊɪŋ məˈnɔrəti voʊt, ənd waɪ ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti goʊz ˈɪntu ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz naʊ wɪθ ə ˈmæsɪv prɪˈzumd ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈkɑlɪʤ ædˈvæntɪʤ (ɪn ˈrisənt ɪˈlɛkʃənz, ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈkænədɪts hæv ˈrɛgjələrli wən steɪts ˈtoʊtəlɪŋ 263 ɪˈlɛktərəl voʊts, ʤɪst ˈsɛvən ʃaɪ əv ðə ˈmæʤɪk ˈnəmbər). ˈɛvriˌwən noʊz ənd kənˈsidz ɔl ðɪs. ənd ˈɛvriˌwən ˈkaʊntərz ɪt baɪ seɪɪŋ ðət ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz wɪl ʤɪst gus ðə waɪt voʊt. ɛz aɪ ˈnoʊtɪd əˈbəv, ˈɛvriˌwən əˈgriz ðət ðət voʊt ɪz ðɛrz fər ðə goosing*. bət wət ɪf ɪt? bæk ɪn mɑrʧ, ðə ˈbrʊkɪŋz ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ənd ðə ˈpəblɪk rɪˈlɪʤən ˈrisərʧ ˈɪnstɪˌtut riˈlist ə bɪg poʊl ɔn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən. ðoʊz ˈfaɪndɪŋz ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ɛz fɑr ɛz ðeɪ goʊ, bət ðə kˈwɛsʧənz ənd rɪˈzəlts wɛnt bɪɔnd ðət. ðə fərst poʊl sin ðət breɪks ðə waɪt ˈwərkɪŋ klæs ˈɪntu fɔr dɪˈstɪŋkt eɪʤ grups 65-plus*, 50 tɪ 64 30 tɪ 49 18 tɪ 29 ənd æsks rɪˈspɑndənts ˈætəˌtudz əˈbaʊt ə brɔd reɪnʤ əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɪʃuz. ənd gɛs wət? waɪt ər ˈfɛrli ˈlɪˌbərəl! klɪk ɔn ðə əˈbəv lɪŋk, skroʊl daʊn tɪ peɪʤ 44 ənd lʊk æt ðə ʧɑrts. ɔn moʊst kˈwɛsʧənz, waɪt rɪˈspɑndənts ɪn ɔl θri ˈəðər eɪʤ grups ˈjildɪd rɪˈzəlts ðət wər ˈprɪti ˈsɪmələr tɪ wən another’s*, bət ðə ˈjəŋgəst ˈkoʊhɔrt wɑz wɛl tɪ ðɛr lɛft. waɪt jəŋ ˈpipəl bæk geɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ tɪ ðə tun əv əˈbaʊt 74 pərˈsɛnt. əˈnəðər 60 pərˈsɛnt seɪ ˈɪməgrənts ˈstrɛŋθən ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts (ðə ˈtoʊtəlz fər ɔl θri ˈəðər eɪʤ grups ər bɪˈloʊ 40 pərˈsɛnt). əˈbaʊt 56 pərˈsɛnt əˈgri ðət ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈɪməgrənts hæv brɔt tɪ ðɛr kəmˈjunɪtiz ər ə gʊd θɪŋ. ˈnɪrli 40 pərˈsɛnt əˈgri ðət geɪz ənd ˈlɛzbiənz ər ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkə fər ðə ˈbɛtər (mɔr ðən ˈdəbəl ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤɪz ɪn ðə ˈəðər θri eɪʤ grups). ðeɪ hæv ˈdɪfərənt vjuz bɪˈkəz ˈdɪfərənt ˈpipəl: ˈoʊnli 22 pərˈsɛnt əv waɪt ər ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl, kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ 32 pərˈsɛnt ɛz ə hoʊl ənd 42 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈsinjərz. ənd ən əˈmeɪzɪŋ 38 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə grup kɔl ðɛmˈsɛlvz rɪˈlɪʤəsli ənəˈfɪliˌeɪtɪd. ɔl ɪn ɔl, nɑt jʊr waɪt ˈwərkɪŋ klæs. ʃʊr, ðɛr vjuz wɪl bɪˈkəm ə bɪt mɔr kənˈsərvətɪv ɛz ðeɪ eɪʤ ənd hæv kɪdz ənd oʊn ˈprɑpərti. mɔr wɪl stɑrt əˈtɛndɪŋ ʧərʧ, ənˈdaʊtɪdli. bət ðə ˈstraɪkɪŋ ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ðɛr vjuz ənd ðoʊz əv ðə θri ˈoʊldər grups ər kənˈsɪstənt, ðeɪ ər ˈjunəˌfɔrm, ənd ðeɪ ər ˈprɪti væst. (ðə poʊl dɪd nɑt æsk əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈætəˌtudz təˈwɔrd ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkənz, əˈbaʊt wɪʧ ˈkjʊriəs; aɪ wʊd ɪkˈspɛkt lɛs ðoʊ stɪl ˈminɪŋfəl dɪˈpɑrʧər frəm ðə ˈoʊldər ˈkoʊhɔrts.) wɪʧ səˈʤɛsts tɪ mi ðət səm vjuz ʧeɪnʤ. ðiz jəŋ ˈpipəl gru əp ɪn ðə əˈmɛrɪkə əv wɪl ənd greɪs ənd ðə rɪˈlɛntləsli ˈsɛsəmi strit ʤɪst ɛz ˈʃʊrli ɛz ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ˈbərkli ənd təˈkoʊmə pɑrk dɪd. ðeɪ voʊt laɪk ðɛr ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts hu gru əp ɪn ˈbərkli ənd təˈkoʊmə pɑrk, bət ˈsərtənli ðɛr goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈkɛriɪŋ əraʊnd ə lɔt əv ðə ˈreɪʃəl rɪˈzɛntmənts ðət ðɛr ˈgrændˌpɛrənts ˈʃoʊldər ˈɛvəri deɪ. soʊ hænd ɪt tɪ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz. ðeɪ meɪk ðə strəˈtiʤɪk dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ goʊ ɔl saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ ɔn ˈjuˈɛs æt ə taɪm wɪn ə ˈsaɪzəbəl ənd ʧəŋk əv wən əv ðə moʊst ˌsɛgˈmɛnts əv ðə waɪt voʊt goʊɪŋ tɪ wɔnt ðət ˌɛniˈmɔr. soʊ, fɑr frəm ðə ʃɛr əv ðə waɪt voʊt ˈseɪlɪŋ əp təˈwɔrd 70 pərˈsɛnt ɛz ʃɔn soʊ prɪˈdɪkts, ɪt simz ʤɪst ɛz ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈdiˌkris ɛz wi ˈɛnər ðə ənd si ðə ˈspraʊtɪŋ əv ə mɔr ˈlɪˌbərəl (ər lɛs kənˈsərvətɪv) waɪt ˈwərkɪŋ klæs. ˈfaɪnəli, ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti wɪl bi ðə ˈpɑrti əv tru ɪkˈwɑləti, ˈhævɪŋ ˈikwəli ˈeɪliəˌneɪtɪd ˈɛvəri ˈreɪʃəl ənd ˈɛθnɪk grup ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. |
president donald trump has ordered the pentagon to elevate the status of the united states cyber command to a unified combatant command in its own right, and said his administration is considering separating it from the national security agency.
the newly revamped cyber command will “help streamline command and control of cyberspace operations by consolidating them under a single commander with authorities commensurate with the importance of such operations,” said the statement released on friday.
“elevation will also ensure that critical cyberspace operations are adequately funded,” trump added.
.@potus elevates to a full cocom (@esaagar) august 18, 2017
the unit will be working to develop cyber weapons, punish intruders and tackle adversaries, reuters reported.
the elevation of the status “demonstrates our increased resolve against cyberspace threats and will help reassure our allies and partners and deter our adversaries,” trump wrote.
secretary of defense james mattis is examining the possibility of separating the united states cyber command from the national security agency, of which it is now part, according to the white house.
mattis will announce recommendations on this matter at a later date, trump stated.
presently, the cyber command is headed by admiral mike rogers, who is also director of the nsa. it was not immediately clear who would be in charge of the newly elevated combatant command.
in april 2016, the obama administration publicly acknowledged it was looking at elevating the status of cyber command. the possibility of spinning off was also mentioned in former defense secretary ash carter's plan to reorganize the pentagon.
the cyber command becomes the tenth us global combatant command, and the fourth one without a geographic limitation. the pentagon has divided up the world into six regional commands - and for the americas, for the middle east, for europe and russia, for africa and for the rest of asia and the pacific - while the strategic (stratcom), transportation (transcom) and special operations (socom) have global responsibilities. | ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp həz ˈɔrdərd ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn tɪ ˈɛləˌveɪt ðə ˈstætəs əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈsaɪbər kəˈmænd tɪ ə ˈjunəˌfaɪd kəmˈbætənt kəˈmænd ɪn ɪts oʊn raɪt, ənd sɛd hɪz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪt frəm ðə ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈeɪʤənsi. ðə ˈnuli riˈvæmpt ˈsaɪbər kəˈmænd wɪl ˈstrimˌlaɪn kəˈmænd ənd kənˈtroʊl əv ˈsaɪbərˌspeɪs ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz baɪ kənˈsɑləˌdeɪtɪŋ ðɛm ˈəndər ə ˈsɪŋgəl kəˈmændər wɪθ əˈθɔrətiz kəˈmɛnsərɪt wɪθ ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv səʧ operations,”*,” sɛd ðə ˈsteɪtmənt riˈlist ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈsaɪbərˌspeɪs ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ər ˈædəkwɪtli funded,”*,” trəmp ˈædɪd. ˈɛləˌveɪts tɪ ə fʊl ˈkoʊˈkɑm (@esaagar*) ˈɔgəst 18 2017 ðə ˈjunɪt wɪl bi ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ˈsaɪbər ˈwɛpənz, ˈpənɪʃ ˌɪnˈtrudərz ənd ˈtækəl ˈædvərˌsɛriz, ˈrɔɪtərz ˌriˈpɔrtəd. ðə ˌɛləˈveɪʃən əv ðə ˈstætəs ɑr ˌɪnˈkrist riˈzɑlv əˈgɛnst ˈsaɪbərˌspeɪs θrɛts ənd wɪl hɛlp ˌriəˈʃʊr ɑr ˈælaɪz ənd ˈpɑrtnərz ənd dɪˈtər ɑr adversaries,”*,” trəmp roʊt. ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv dɪˈfɛns ʤeɪmz ˈmætɪs ɪz ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈsaɪbər kəˈmænd frəm ðə ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈeɪʤənsi, əv wɪʧ ɪt ɪz naʊ pɑrt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə waɪt haʊs. ˈmætɪs wɪl əˈnaʊns ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃənz ɔn ðɪs ˈmætər æt ə ˈleɪtər deɪt, trəmp ˈsteɪtɪd. ˈprɛzəntli, ðə ˈsaɪbər kəˈmænd ɪz ˈhɛdɪd baɪ ˈædmərəl maɪk ˈrɑʤərz, hu ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə nsa*. ɪt wɑz nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli klɪr hu wʊd bi ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ðə ˈnuli ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd kəmˈbætənt kəˈmænd. ɪn ˈeɪprəl 2016 ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈpəblɪkli ækˈnɑlɪʤd ɪt wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ˈɛləˌveɪtɪŋ ðə ˈstætəs əv ˈsaɪbər kəˈmænd. ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈspɪnɪŋ ɔf wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn ˈfɔrmər dɪˈfɛns ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri æʃ ˈkɑrtərz plæn tɪ riˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn. ðə ˈsaɪbər kəˈmænd bɪˈkəmz ðə tɛnθ ˈjuˈɛs ˈgloʊbəl kəmˈbætənt kəˈmænd, ənd ðə fɔrθ wən wɪˈθaʊt ə ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃən. ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn həz dɪˈvaɪdɪd əp ðə wərld ˈɪntu sɪks ˈriʤənəl kəˈmændz ənd fər ðə əˈmɛrɪkəz, fər ðə ˈmɪdəl ist, fər ˈjʊrəp ənd ˈrəʃə, fər ˈæfrɪkɑ ənd fər ðə rɛst əv ˈeɪʒə ənd ðə pəˈsɪfɪk waɪl ðə strəˈtiʤɪk (stratcom*), ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən (transcom*) ənd ˈspɛʃəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz (socom*) hæv ˈgloʊbəl riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz. |
son of jim and tammy faye bakker speaks out against marriage amendment
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jay bakker grew up in north carolina in the limelight of his parents' praise the lord ministry before it crumbled in the after his father pled guilty to fraud charges. now the young minister is opposing the state's efforts to pass a marriage amendment defining marriage as between one man and one woman.
the bakker, 36, now lives in new york city and is the of revolution church, which meets on sundays in pete's candy store, a bar. he was featured in a 2006 documentary "one punk under god."
since he is no longer a resident of north carolina, he cannot vote on the issue but still felt moved to join the efforts opposing it.
on sunday, bakker led some 75 people in a rally against the marriage amendment.
"i ignored all these amendments being passed and passed until it hit my hometown and i was i heard about it, i called down here and offered to help," bakker told news.
north carolina is one of three states where voters will decide how to define marriage. the may 8 election is generating substantial attention on both sides of the issue, but recent polls show that a majority of north carolinians are expected to cast their ballots in favor of the amendment.
a public policy polling survey of likely voters conducted in late march showed voters favored the amendment 58 to 38 percent. a similar poll conducted by showed almost the same numbers.
"my parents taught me to love people across the board and always be open to people," said bakker. "they were always into equality and reaching out to the marginalized and things like that."
the debate surrounding the amendment has become so heated that it has sparked vandalism against some churches that are speaking out in support of the issue.
a sign in front of tabernacle baptist church in hickory, n.c. that reads "marriage sunday april 22" was vandalized late last week when someone painted over the sign, "hate speech sunday april 22."
"well i just believe what the lord says about the marriage amendment," church member greg sullins told the hickory daily record. "we don't hate people we love them. but we serve a loving god who has rules."
pastor scott hooks said it was obvious that those who are in favor of same-sex marriage were responsible for the graffiti, but that he welcomes anyone who wishes to attend his church, which he describes as a "conservative and bible preaching and bible believing church with an independent congregation."
"the bible says any sex outside of marriage is a sin," hooks also told the hickory daily record. "we're not trying to single out any group in particular except on this one issue where we have a chance as a state to tell people how we feel."
read: human dignity and the dignity of marriage | sən əv ʤɪm ənd ˈtæmi feɪ ˈbækər spiks aʊt əˈgɛnst ˈmɛrɪʤ əˈmɛndmənt iˈmeɪl prɪnt ˈmɛnju ˈgugəl ʤeɪ ˈbækər gru əp ɪn nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ɪn ðə ˈlaɪmˌlaɪt əv hɪz ˈpɛrənts' preɪz ðə lɔrd ˈmɪnɪstri ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt ˈkrəmbəld ɪn ðə ˈæftər hɪz ˈfɑðər plɛd ˈgɪlti tɪ frɔd ˈʧɑrʤɪz. naʊ ðə jəŋ ˈmɪnɪstər ɪz əˈpoʊzɪŋ ðə steɪts ˈɛfərts tɪ pæs ə ˈmɛrɪʤ əˈmɛndmənt dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ˈmɛrɪʤ ɛz bɪtˈwin wən mæn ənd wən ˈwʊmən. ðə ˈbækər, 36 naʊ lɪvz ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ənd ɪz ðə əv ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ʧərʧ, wɪʧ mits ɔn ˈsənˌdiz ɪn pits ˈkændi stɔr, ə bɑr. hi wɑz ˈfiʧərd ɪn ə 2006 ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri "wən pəŋk ˈəndər gɑd." sɪns hi ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə ˈrɛzɪdənt əv nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə, hi ˈkænɑt voʊt ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu bət stɪl fɛlt muvd tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˈɛfərts əˈpoʊzɪŋ ɪt. ɔn ˈsənˌdi, ˈbækər lɛd səm 75 ˈpipəl ɪn ə ˈræli əˈgɛnst ðə ˈmɛrɪʤ əˈmɛndmənt. "aɪ ˌɪgˈnɔrd ɔl ðiz əˈmɛndmənts biɪŋ pæst ənd pæst ənˈtɪl ɪt hɪt maɪ ˈhoʊmˌtaʊn ənd aɪ wɑz aɪ hərd əˈbaʊt ɪt, aɪ kɔld daʊn hir ənd ˈɔfərd tɪ hɛlp," ˈbækər toʊld nuz. nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ɪz wən əv θri steɪts wɛr ˈvoʊtərz wɪl ˌdɪˈsaɪd haʊ tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ˈmɛrɪʤ. ðə meɪ 8 ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ səbˈstænʃəl əˈtɛnʃən ɔn boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə ˈɪʃu, bət ˈrisənt poʊlz ʃoʊ ðət ə məˈʤɔrəti əv nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlɪniənz ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ kæst ðɛr ˈbæləts ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ðə əˈmɛndmənt. ə ˈpəblɪk ˈpɑləsi ˈpoʊlɪŋ ˈsərˌveɪ əv ˈlaɪkli ˈvoʊtərz kənˈdəktəd ɪn leɪt mɑrʧ ʃoʊd ˈvoʊtərz ˈfeɪvərd ðə əˈmɛndmənt 58 tɪ 38 pərˈsɛnt. ə ˈsɪmələr poʊl kənˈdəktəd baɪ ʃoʊd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ðə seɪm ˈnəmbərz. "maɪ ˈpɛrənts tɔt mi tɪ ləv ˈpipəl əˈkrɔs ðə bɔrd ənd ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ˈoʊpən tɪ ˈpipəl," sɛd ˈbækər. "ðeɪ wər ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈɪntu ɪkˈwɑləti ənd ˈriʧɪŋ aʊt tɪ ðə ˈmɑrʤənəˌlaɪzd ənd θɪŋz laɪk ðət." ðə dəˈbeɪt sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə əˈmɛndmənt həz bɪˈkəm soʊ ˈhitɪd ðət ɪt həz spɑrkt ˈvændəlɪzəm əˈgɛnst səm ˈʧərʧɪz ðət ər ˈspikɪŋ aʊt ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ðə ˈɪʃu. ə saɪn ɪn frənt əv ˈtæbərˌnækəl ˈbæptɪst ʧərʧ ɪn ˈhɪkəri, n.c*. ðət ridz "ˈmɛrɪʤ ˈsənˌdi ˈeɪprəl 22 wɑz ˈvændəˌlaɪzd leɪt læst wik wɪn ˈsəmˌwən ˈpeɪnɪd ˈoʊvər ðə saɪn, "heɪt spiʧ ˈsənˌdi ˈeɪprəl 22 "wɛl aɪ ʤɪst bɪˈliv wət ðə lɔrd sɪz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈmɛrɪʤ əˈmɛndmənt," ʧərʧ ˈmɛmbər grɛg ˈsəlɪnz toʊld ðə ˈhɪkəri ˈdeɪli ˈrɛkərd. "wi doʊnt heɪt ˈpipəl wi ləv ðɛm. bət wi sərv ə ˈləvɪŋ gɑd hu həz rulz." ˈpæstər skɑt hʊks sɛd ɪt wɑz ˈɑbviəs ðət ðoʊz hu ər ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤ wər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə grəˈfiti, bət ðət hi ˈwɛlkəmz ˈɛniˌwən hu ˈwɪʃɪz tɪ əˈtɛnd hɪz ʧərʧ, wɪʧ hi dɪˈskraɪbz ɛz ə "kənˈsərvətɪv ənd ˈbaɪbəl ˈpriʧɪŋ ənd ˈbaɪbəl bɪˈlivɪŋ ʧərʧ wɪθ ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌkɑŋgrəˈgeɪʃən." "ðə ˈbaɪbəl sɪz ˈɛni sɛks ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz ə sɪn," hʊks ˈɔlsoʊ toʊld ðə ˈhɪkəri ˈdeɪli ˈrɛkərd. "wɪr nɑt traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈsɪŋgəl aʊt ˈɛni grup ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ɪkˈsɛpt ɔn ðɪs wən ˈɪʃu wɛr wi hæv ə ʧæns ɛz ə steɪt tɪ tɛl ˈpipəl haʊ wi fil." rɛd: ˈjumən ˈdɪgnəti ənd ðə ˈdɪgnəti əv ˈmɛrɪʤ |
the city's acting medical officer of health has issued an extreme cold weather alert for toronto as temperatures dip well below freezing.
the warning will remain in effect until further notice.
the city issues the alerts when the temperature is forecast to hit -15 c or colder, or when the wind chill is expected to reach -20 or colder.
<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/cityofto?src=hash">#cityofto</a> acting calls extreme cold weather alert for toronto - in effect until further notice. details: <a href="https://t.co/la8hrg7mwx">https://t.co/la8hrg7mwx</a> —@torontocomms
but it won't quite be that cold during the day on thursday, according to environment canada.
the federal agency is forecasting a high of -3 c on thursday, with a 40 per cent chance of flurries. wind gusts could hit 50 through the morning. the wind chill as of 8 a.m. was -11.
the overnight low, however, is expected to reach -11 c. a high of -5 c is forecast for friday with a 40 per cent chance of flurries.
the city's alert notes that exposure to cold weather can have serious health consequences, including hypothermia and frostbite.
such alerts activate local services that help get vulnerable residents indoors, including boosting the number of shelter beds, the relaxing of service restrictions at community agencies, overnight street outreach and free tokens at some programs.
residents are advised to dress in layers, cover exposed skin, wear wool or synthetic layers close to skin to stay warm and check on vulnerable neighbours and friends. | ðə ˈsɪtiz ˈæktɪŋ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈɔfɪsər əv hɛlθ həz ˈɪʃud ən ɪkˈstrim koʊld ˈwɛðər əˈlərt fər tərˈɑntoʊ ɛz ˈtɛmpərəʧərz dɪp wɛl bɪˈloʊ ˈfrizɪŋ. ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ˈifɛkt ənˈtɪl ˈfərðər ˈnoʊtɪs. ðə ˈsɪti ˈɪʃuz ðə əˈlərts wɪn ðə ˈtɛmpərəʧər ɪz ˈfɔrˌkæst tɪ hɪt 15 si ər ˈkoʊldər, ər wɪn ðə wɪnd ʧɪl ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ riʧ 20 ər ˈkoʊldər. <ə href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/cityofto?src=hash">#cityofto</a*> ˈæktɪŋ kɔlz ɪkˈstrim koʊld ˈwɛðər əˈlərt fər tərˈɑntoʊ ɪn ˈifɛkt ənˈtɪl ˈfərðər ˈnoʊtɪs. ˈditeɪlz: <ə href="https://t.co/la8hrg7mwx">https://t.co/la8hrg7mwx</a*> bət ɪt woʊnt kwaɪt bi ðət koʊld ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə deɪ ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈkænədə. ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənsi ɪz ˈfɔrˌkæstɪŋ ə haɪ əv 3 si ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, wɪθ ə 40 pər sɛnt ʧæns əv ˈfləriz. wɪnd gəsts kʊd hɪt 50 θru ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ. ðə wɪnd ʧɪl ɛz əv 8 a.m*. wɑz 11 ðə ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt loʊ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ riʧ 11 si. ə haɪ əv 5 si ɪz ˈfɔrˌkæst fər ˈfraɪˌdeɪ wɪθ ə 40 pər sɛnt ʧæns əv ˈfləriz. ðə ˈsɪtiz əˈlərt noʊts ðət ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ koʊld ˈwɛðər kən hæv ˈsɪriəs hɛlθ ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌhaɪpəˈθərmiə ənd ˈfrɔstˌbaɪt. səʧ əˈlərts ˈæktəˌveɪt ˈloʊkəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ðət hɛlp gɪt ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈrɛzɪdənts ˈɪnˌdɔrz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈbustɪŋ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈʃɛltər bɛdz, ðə rɪˈlæksɪŋ əv ˈsərvɪs riˈstrɪkʃənz æt kəmˈjunɪti ˈeɪʤənsiz, ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt strit ˈaʊˌtriʧ ənd fri ˈtoʊkənz æt səm ˈproʊˌgræmz. ˈrɛzɪdənts ər ədˈvaɪzd tɪ drɛs ɪn leɪərz, ˈkəvər ɪkˈspoʊzd skɪn, wɛr wʊl ər sɪnˈθɛtɪk leɪərz kloʊz tɪ skɪn tɪ steɪ wɔrm ənd ʧɛk ɔn ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈneɪbərz ənd frɛndz. |
we are excited to announce the date and details of the token launch. purchasers will be required to go through a mandatory registration process that will take place from august to august 11th. registered purchasers will then be able to participate in the token launch starting august 15th. detailed registration and purchase instructions will be released in early august.
to learn more about the technical aspects of protocol and the role of within the network, see our faq. alternatively, watch the technical overview presentation that i recently gave at code school.
our values
technology first
amir and i dropped everything to begin working on protocol back in october 2016 and have since built out an exceptional team. we are a collection of builders and technologists that are laser focused on developing the infrastructure needed to bring the benefits of decentralization to the global financial system. while has seen an explosion of interest over the past few months, our team will continue to take a long term view on this important technology and honor our commitment to the community.
consistently shipping
not only will protocol be live on the prior to our token launch, we will be using protocol for our token launch. right, we will distribute using our and thoroughly audited smart contracts running on the. one of our core values is to consistently ship useful tools and products. no amount of marketing can substitute for tangible results and over the past year our team has been working hard to build tools that make protocol useful and accessible for both end users and developers.
0x is a web application that allows users to trade tokens directly on the using protocol. we envision facilitating private trades between known counterparties. behind the scenes, our smart contracts are running on the test network; try it out today.
0x.js is a javascript library that simplifies the process of building a web application on top of protocol. with.js, you need to be a solidity expert to interact with the smart contracts, generate orders or execute trades.
financial responsibility
the total purchase cap for the token launch will be set to $24m. we arrived at this number after formalizing our development and estimating the total costs involved in scaling our team and operating at full size for the next 5 years. 100% of the capital raised in the token launch will be used to develop free and open source software, tools and infrastructure that support protocol and the surrounding ecosystem.
inclusive community = healthy ecosystem
individual purchases will be capped to ensure that everyone gets a chance to be a part of the community from the beginning, not just whales. we believe that by widely distributing, we can foster a healthy community of developers and early adopters that will return more value to our ecosystem over time by building applications, contributing code or the technical merits of protocol to future adopters. each one of these “activist holders” is purchasing tokens with an information edge: they have knowledge of their own future contributions to the ecosystem. details regarding our registration process will be released at a later time.
initial allocation
total supply (fixed):
token launch (50%)
zrx is inherently a governance token that plays a critical role in the process of upgrading protocol. we are fully committed to formulating a functional and theoretically sound governance model and we plan to dedicate significant resources to r&d; we will provide greater clarity on the subject of governance in a future post.
retained by org (15%)
retained tokens will be used to future team members via token compensation packages as well as to sustain the operations of the core development organization beyond the first five years. these assets will be used to support development at the protocol layer.
external development fund (15%)
the external development fund will be used to make targeted capital injections into high potential projects and teams that are attempting to grow the ecosystem, strategic partnerships, hackathon prizes and for community development activities. these assets will be used to support development at the application layer.
founding team (10%)
the founding allocation of will vest over a traditional 4 year vesting schedule with a one year cliff. we believe this should be standard practice for any team that is committed to making their project a long term success.
early backers & advisors (10%)
our backers and advisors have provided capital, resources and guidance that have allowed us to fill out our team, setup a robust legal entity and build a fully functional product before launching a token. as a result, we have a proven track record and can offer a token that holds genuine utility.
upcoming
we will be fielding an in our slack channel on friday (june 30) at to answer questions about the token launch, protocol and whatever else you are interested in discussing. make sure not to miss forthcoming announcements by following us on twitter, medium and reddit! | wi ər ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ əˈnaʊns ðə deɪt ənd ˈditeɪlz əv ðə ˈtoʊkən lɔnʧ. ˈpərʧəsərz wɪl bi rikˈwaɪərd tɪ goʊ θru ə ˈmændəˌtɔri ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət wɪl teɪk pleɪs frəm ˈɔgəst tɪ ˈɔgəst 11th*. ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈpərʧəsərz wɪl ðɛn bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ðə ˈtoʊkən lɔnʧ ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈɔgəst 15th*. dɪˈteɪld ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ənd ˈpərʧəs ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz wɪl bi riˈlist ɪn ˈərli ˈɔgəst. tɪ lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈæˌspɛkts əv ˈproʊtəˌkɔl ənd ðə roʊl əv wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk, si ɑr faq*. ɔlˈtərnətɪvli, wɔʧ ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈoʊvərvˌju ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən ðət aɪ ˈrisəntli geɪv æt koʊd skul. ɑr ˈvæljuz tɛkˈnɑləʤi fərst əˈmɪr ənd aɪ drɑpt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ tɪ bɪˈgɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ˈproʊtəˌkɔl bæk ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 2016 ənd hæv sɪns bɪlt aʊt ən ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl tim. wi ər ə kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈbɪldərz ənd ˌtɛkˈnɑləʤɪsts ðət ər ˈleɪzər ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ðə ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ˈnidɪd tɪ brɪŋ ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv dɪˌsɛntrəlɪˈzeɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsɪstəm. waɪl həz sin ən ɪkˈsploʊʒən əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst ˈoʊvər ðə pæst fju mənθs, ɑr tim wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ teɪk ə lɔŋ tərm vju ɔn ðɪs ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd ˈɑnər ɑr kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ðə kəmˈjunɪti. kənˈsɪstəntli ˈʃɪpɪŋ nɑt ˈoʊnli wɪl ˈproʊtəˌkɔl bi lɪv ɔn ðə praɪər tɪ ɑr ˈtoʊkən lɔnʧ, wi wɪl bi ˈjuzɪŋ ˈproʊtəˌkɔl fər ɑr ˈtoʊkən lɔnʧ. raɪt, wi wɪl dɪˈstrɪbjut ˈjuzɪŋ ɑr ənd ˈθəroʊli ˈɔdɪtɪd smɑrt ˈkɑnˌtrækts ˈrənɪŋ ɔn ðə. wən əv ɑr kɔr ˈvæljuz ɪz tɪ kənˈsɪstəntli ʃɪp ˈjusfəl tulz ənd ˈprɑdəkts. noʊ əˈmaʊnt əv ˈmɑrkətɪŋ kən ˈsəbstəˌtut fər ˈtænʤəbəl rɪˈzəlts ənd ˈoʊvər ðə pæst jɪr ɑr tim həz bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ hɑrd tɪ bɪld tulz ðət meɪk ˈproʊtəˌkɔl ˈjusfəl ənd ækˈsɛsəbəl fər boʊθ ɛnd ˈjuzərz ənd dɪˈvɛləpərz. ɪz ə wɛb ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ðət əˈlaʊz ˈjuzərz tɪ treɪd ˈtoʊkənz dɪˈrɛkli ɔn ðə ˈjuzɪŋ ˈproʊtəˌkɔl. wi ɛnˈvɪʒən fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪŋ ˈpraɪvət treɪdz bɪtˈwin noʊn counterparties*. bɪˈhaɪnd ðə sinz, ɑr smɑrt ˈkɑnˌtrækts ər ˈrənɪŋ ɔn ðə tɛst ˈnɛtˌwərk; traɪ ɪt aʊt təˈdeɪ. ɪz ə ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ðət ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪz ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈbɪldɪŋ ə wɛb ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ɔn tɔp əv ˈproʊtəˌkɔl. wɪθ, ju nid tɪ bi ə səˈlɪdəti ˈɛkspərt tɪ ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ ðə smɑrt ˈkɑnˌtrækts, ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ˈɔrdərz ər ˈɛksəˌkjut treɪdz. ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈpərʧəs kæp fər ðə ˈtoʊkən lɔnʧ wɪl bi sɛt tɪ 24m*. wi əraɪvd æt ðɪs ˈnəmbər ˈæftər ˈfɔrməˌlaɪzɪŋ ɑr dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈtoʊtəl kɔsts ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈskeɪlɪŋ ɑr tim ənd ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ æt fʊl saɪz fər ðə nɛkst 5 jɪrz. 100 əv ðə ˈkæpɪtəl reɪzd ɪn ðə ˈtoʊkən lɔnʧ wɪl bi juzd tɪ dɪˈvɛləp fri ənd ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈsɔfˌwɛr, tulz ənd ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ðət səˈpɔrt ˈproʊtəˌkɔl ənd ðə sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm. ˌɪnˈklusɪv kəmˈjunɪti ˈhɛlθi ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈpərʧəsɪz wɪl bi kæpt tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ˈɛvriˌwən gɪts ə ʧæns tɪ bi ə pɑrt əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti frəm ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ, nɑt ʤɪst weɪlz. wi bɪˈliv ðət baɪ ˈwaɪdli dɪˈstrɪbjutɪŋ, wi kən ˈfɑstər ə ˈhɛlθi kəmˈjunɪti əv dɪˈvɛləpərz ənd ˈərli əˈdɑptərz ðət wɪl rɪˈtərn mɔr ˈvælju tɪ ɑr ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ˈoʊvər taɪm baɪ ˈbɪldɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ koʊd ər ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈmɛrɪts əv ˈproʊtəˌkɔl tɪ fˈjuʧər əˈdɑptərz. iʧ wən əv ðiz holders”*” ɪz ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ˈtoʊkənz wɪθ ən ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɛʤ: ðeɪ hæv ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðɛr oʊn fˈjuʧər ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz tɪ ðə ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm. ˈditeɪlz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ɑr ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs wɪl bi riˈlist æt ə ˈleɪtər taɪm. ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌæləˈkeɪʃən ˈtoʊtəl səˈplaɪ (fɪkst): ˈtoʊkən lɔnʧ 50 ɪz ˌɪnˈhɛrəntli ə ˈgəvərnəns ˈtoʊkən ðət pleɪz ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl roʊl ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈəpˌgreɪdɪŋ ˈproʊtəˌkɔl. wi ər ˈfʊli kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈfɔrmjəˌleɪtɪŋ ə ˈfəŋkʃənəl ənd ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəli saʊnd ˈgəvərnəns ˈmɑdəl ənd wi plæn tɪ ˈdɛdəˌkeɪt sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ r&d*; wi wɪl prəˈvaɪd ˈgreɪtər ˈklɛrɪti ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ˈgəvərnəns ɪn ə fˈjuʧər poʊst. rɪˈteɪnd baɪ ɔrg 15 rɪˈteɪnd ˈtoʊkənz wɪl bi juzd tɪ fˈjuʧər tim ˈmɛmbərz ˈviə ˈtoʊkən ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən ˈpækɪʤɪz ɛz wɛl ɛz tɪ səˈsteɪn ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əv ðə kɔr dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən bɪɔnd ðə fərst faɪv jɪrz. ðiz ˈæˌsɛts wɪl bi juzd tɪ səˈpɔrt dɪˈvɛləpmənt æt ðə ˈproʊtəˌkɔl leɪər. ɪkˈstərnəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt fənd 15 ðə ɪkˈstərnəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt fənd wɪl bi juzd tɪ meɪk ˈtɑrgətɪd ˈkæpɪtəl ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃənz ˈɪntu haɪ pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈprɑʤɛkts ənd timz ðət ər əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ groʊ ðə ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm, strəˈtiʤɪk ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪps, ˈhækəˌθɔn ˈpraɪzɪz ənd fər kəmˈjunɪti dɪˈvɛləpmənt ækˈtɪvɪtiz. ðiz ˈæˌsɛts wɪl bi juzd tɪ səˈpɔrt dɪˈvɛləpmənt æt ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən leɪər. ˈfaʊndɪŋ tim 10 ðə ˈfaʊndɪŋ ˌæləˈkeɪʃən əv wɪl vɛst ˈoʊvər ə trəˈdɪʃənəl 4 jɪr ˈvɛstɪŋ ˈskɛʤʊl wɪθ ə wən jɪr klɪf. wi bɪˈliv ðɪs ʃʊd bi ˈstændərd ˈpræktɪs fər ˈɛni tim ðət ɪz kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛr ˈprɑʤɛkt ə lɔŋ tərm səkˈsɛs. ˈərli ˈbækərz ædˈvaɪzərz 10 ɑr ˈbækərz ənd ædˈvaɪzərz hæv prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈkæpɪtəl, ˈrisɔrsɪz ənd ˈgaɪdəns ðət hæv əˈlaʊd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ fɪl aʊt ɑr tim, ˈsɛˌtəp ə roʊˈbəst ˈligəl ˈɛntɪti ənd bɪld ə ˈfʊli ˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈprɑdəkt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ə ˈtoʊkən. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, wi hæv ə ˈpruvən træk ˈrɛkərd ənd kən ˈɔfər ə ˈtoʊkən ðət hoʊldz ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn juˈtɪləti. ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ wi wɪl bi ˈfildɪŋ ən ɪn ɑr slæk ˈʧænəl ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ (ʤun 30 æt tɪ ˈænsər kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈtoʊkən lɔnʧ, ˈproʊtəˌkɔl ənd ˌwəˈtɛvər ɛls ju ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn dɪˈskəsɪŋ. meɪk ʃʊr nɑt tɪ mɪs ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ əˈnaʊnsmɛnts baɪ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn tˈwɪtər, ˈmidiəm ənd reddit*! |
denver) responding to a investigation, the colorado bureau of investigation has acknowledged at least 56 of the dui blood tests it conducted in the last six months were incorrect.
“the initial results in each of those 56 cases showed lower alcohol levels for the drivers than when additional quality assurance retesting occurred,” said susan medina, a spokesperson for the. “there is no indication that any defendant was inappropriately charged with an offense based on test results showing an erroneously high level of alcohol in a bloodstream.”
the opened labs in july 2015 in pueblo and grand junction and since then has done about dui blood tests for the colorado state patrol and other law enforcement agencies. medina said the faulty tests amounted to about 4 percent of the dui testing the labs have conducted since last july.
the said it learned of its erroneous lab results “in recent months“ when an independent lab checked two blood samples that had also been tested by the and the independent lab discovered what the calls “anomalies.”
chematox told it notified state authorities of the problems in december 2015. the said it then checked some of its other dui alcohol results and confirmed its lab testing problems.
“while a thorough review remains in progress,” said, “it is believed the cause of the anomalies has been identified and corrected.”
medina declined to say if the problem was human error, testing equipment, or some other factor.
sarah urfer of labs told, “i contacted and said, ‘look, we had an anomaly and 24 percent different.'”
urfer said the anomalies are important “because those are lives at stake.”
david miller, a defense attorney who defends dui clients, told the needs to come clean.
“it creates a problem with the integrity of the system. not saying what the problem is so we know what the problem is, so going to have to get full disclosure to start with. i think up to prosecutors now to look at each case and see if the convictions are proper in the first place and notify the client or lawyer as to happening,” said miller.
he said the investigation revealing the faulty testing shows a “huge problem. a big deal if the person affected by it. a big deal individually and if you look at the big picture, if you are the person affected by this a very big deal.”
miller said to credibility, the needs to have all blood samples it has examined since last july re-tested.
in many cases, blood drawn from a suspect is a critical piece of evidence establishing either guilt or innocence in dui cases. there are an estimated dui cases in colorado each year, according to the.
dr. pat sulik, a chemist with rocky mountain instrumental laboratories, checked 16 blood samples from the in recent months. she said of those 16 samples, seven were problematic having at least a 5 percent variance from the readings she found. of those seven, she said five had more than a 10 percent discrepancy.
sulik said she would normally expect to have her results and the results be nearly identical 99 percent of the time.
“to see this many discrepancies when the just started this summer, this is, at a simple overview, way too many discrepancies,” said sulik. “when we saw our first large discrepancy we retested the sample and gave ourselves a heart attack.”
sulik said the’s erroneous, lower testing numbers mean “they are not being taken off the road, the dui law is not being enforced if the state lab is coming up with lower numbers.”
sulik said in at least one case she checked, the suspect in a dui case would have faced a more serious charge had the lab testing been correct the first time around.
ironically, the only began doing this kind of testing after similar testing by the colorado department of public health and environment came under fire in 2013 and testing of dui blood samples was shut down. in that case, defense attorneys maintained that the department of health testing was biased in favor of prosecutors and that staff was inadequately trained in handling blood samples.
in 2014 the state legislature approved a bill providing nearly $2 million in annual funding and the hiring of five new full-time employees for the to take over the dui blood testing that was previously conducted by the department of health. now the department of health is assisting in the investigation of the faulty testing.
according to statement to, ”after the review the will issue amended reports to the law enforcement agencies that submitted the blood samples, and work with stakeholders to ensure accurate scientific results and prosecutions statewide.”
mike rankin, the director, said, ”while the works extremely hard to avoid any testing errors in our laboratories, the quality assurance procedures served their designed purpose of safeguarding the integrity of the program.”
the declined to answer any other questions from citing an ongoing review of what happened. medina said the agency might be able to provide more information once the review is completed.
miller told he intended to reopen any dui cases he has handled in the last seven months that involved blood testing. urfer called the problem “very frustrating. been through this twice before. it seems like this should be a preventable problem. there are a number of labs that have not had these problems.”
cbs4 investigator brian maass has been with the station more than 30 years uncovering waste, fraud and corruption. follow him on twitter. | ˈdɛnvər rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ðə ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən həz ækˈnɑlɪʤd æt list 56 əv ðə ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ bləd tɛsts ɪt kənˈdəktəd ɪn ðə læst sɪks mənθs wər ˌɪnkərˈɛkt. ˌɪˈnɪʃəl rɪˈzəlts ɪn iʧ əv ðoʊz 56 ˈkeɪsɪz ʃoʊd loʊər ˈælkəˌhɑl ˈlɛvəlz fər ðə ˈdraɪvərz ðən wɪn əˈdɪʃənəl kˈwɑləti əˈʃʊrəns riˈtɛstɪŋ occurred,”*,” sɛd ˈsuzən məˈdinə, ə ˈspoʊkspərsən fər ðə. ɪz noʊ ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ðət ˈɛni dɪˈfɛndənt wɑz ˌɪnəˈprɑpriətli ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ən əˈfɛns beɪst ɔn tɛst rɪˈzəlts ʃoʊɪŋ ən ɛˈroʊniəsli haɪ ˈlɛvəl əv ˈælkəˌhɑl ɪn ə bloodstream.”*.” ðə ˈoʊpənd læbz ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2015 ɪn pˈwɛbloʊ ənd grænd ˈʤəŋkʃən ənd sɪns ðɛn həz dən əˈbaʊt ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ bləd tɛsts fər ðə ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ steɪt pəˈtroʊl ənd ˈəðər lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz. məˈdinə sɛd ðə ˈfɔlti tɛsts əˈmaʊnɪd tɪ əˈbaʊt 4 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ ˈtɛstɪŋ ðə læbz hæv kənˈdəktəd sɪns læst ˌʤuˈlaɪ. ðə sɛd ɪt ˈlərnɪd əv ɪts ɛˈroʊniəs læb rɪˈzəlts ˈrisənt months“*“ wɪn ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt læb ʧɛkt tu bləd ˈsæmpəlz ðət hæd ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ˈtɛstɪd baɪ ðə ənd ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt læb dɪˈskəvərd wət ðə kɔlz ““anomalies.”*.” toʊld ɪt ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd steɪt əˈθɔrətiz əv ðə ˈprɑbləmz ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2015 ðə sɛd ɪt ðɛn ʧɛkt səm əv ɪts ˈəðər ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ ˈælkəˌhɑl rɪˈzəlts ənd kənˈfərmd ɪts læb ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈprɑbləmz. ə θəroʊ ˌrivˈju rɪˈmeɪnz ɪn progress,”*,” sɛd, ɪz bɪˈlivd ðə kɔz əv ðə əˈnɑməliz həz bɪn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ənd corrected.”*.” məˈdinə dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ seɪ ɪf ðə ˈprɑbləm wɑz ˈjumən ˈɛrər, ˈtɛstɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt, ər səm ˈəðər ˈfæktər. ˈsɛrə ˈərfər əv læbz toʊld ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ənd sɛd, ‘‘look*, wi hæd ən əˈnɑməli ənd 24 pərˈsɛnt different.'”*.'” ˈərfər sɛd ðə əˈnɑməliz ər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðoʊz ər lɪvz æt stake.”*.” ˈdeɪvɪd ˈmɪlər, ə dɪˈfɛns əˈtərni hu dɪˈfɛndz ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ klaɪənts, toʊld ðə nidz tɪ kəm klin. kriˈeɪts ə ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti əv ðə ˈsɪstəm. nɑt seɪɪŋ wət ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz soʊ wi noʊ wət ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz, soʊ goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv tɪ gɪt fʊl dɪˈskloʊʒər tɪ stɑrt wɪθ. aɪ θɪŋk əp tɪ ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz naʊ tɪ lʊk æt iʧ keɪs ənd si ɪf ðə kənˈvɪkʃənz ər ˈprɑpər ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs ənd ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪ ðə klaɪənt ər ˈlɔjər ɛz tɪ happening,”*,” sɛd ˈmɪlər. hi sɛd ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən rɪˈvilɪŋ ðə ˈfɔlti ˈtɛstɪŋ ʃoʊz ə ˈprɑbləm. ə bɪg dil ɪf ðə ˈpərsən əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ɪt. ə bɪg dil ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli ənd ɪf ju lʊk æt ðə bɪg ˈpɪkʧər, ɪf ju ər ðə ˈpərsən əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðɪs ə ˈvɛri bɪg deal.”*.” ˈmɪlər sɛd tɪ ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti, ðə nidz tɪ hæv ɔl bləd ˈsæmpəlz ɪt həz ɪgˈzæmənd sɪns læst ˌʤuˈlaɪ re-tested*. ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz, bləd drɔn frəm ə ˈsəˌspɛkt ɪz ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl pis əv ˈɛvədəns ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ˈiðər gɪlt ər ˈɪnəsəns ɪn ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ ˈkeɪsɪz. ðɛr ər ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ ˈkeɪsɪz ɪn ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ iʧ jɪr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə. ˈdɑktər. pæt ˈsulɪk, ə ˈkɛmɪst wɪθ ˈrɑki ˈmaʊntən ˌɪnstrəˈmɛnəl ˈlæbrəˌtɔriz, ʧɛkt 16 bləd ˈsæmpəlz frəm ðə ɪn ˈrisənt mənθs. ʃi sɛd əv ðoʊz 16 ˈsæmpəlz, ˈsɛvən wər ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk ˈhævɪŋ æt list ə 5 pərˈsɛnt ˈvɛriəns frəm ðə ˈridɪŋz ʃi faʊnd. əv ðoʊz ˈsɛvən, ʃi sɛd faɪv hæd mɔr ðən ə 10 pərˈsɛnt dɪˈskrɛpənsi. ˈsulɪk sɛd ʃi wʊd ˈnɔrməli ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ hæv hər rɪˈzəlts ənd ðə rɪˈzəlts bi ˈnɪrli aɪˈdɛntɪkəl 99 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə taɪm. si ðɪs ˈmɛni dɪˈskrɛpənsiz wɪn ðə ʤɪst ˈstɑrtɪd ðɪs ˈsəmər, ðɪs ɪz, æt ə ˈsɪmpəl ˈoʊvərvˌju, weɪ tu ˈmɛni discrepancies,”*,” sɛd ˈsulɪk. wi sɔ ɑr fərst lɑrʤ dɪˈskrɛpənsi wi riˈtɛstɪd ðə ˈsæmpəl ənd geɪv ɑrˈsɛlvz ə hɑrt attack.”*.” ˈsulɪk sɛd ðə ɛˈroʊniəs, loʊər ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈnəmbərz min ər nɑt biɪŋ ˈteɪkən ɔf ðə roʊd, ðə ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ lɔ ɪz nɑt biɪŋ ɛnˈfɔrst ɪf ðə steɪt læb ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ əp wɪθ loʊər numbers.”*.” ˈsulɪk sɛd ɪn æt list wən keɪs ʃi ʧɛkt, ðə ˈsəˌspɛkt ɪn ə ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ keɪs wʊd hæv feɪst ə mɔr ˈsɪriəs ʧɑrʤ hæd ðə læb ˈtɛstɪŋ bɪn kərˈɛkt ðə fərst taɪm əraʊnd. aɪˈrɑnɪkli, ðə ˈoʊnli bɪˈgæn duɪŋ ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈæftər ˈsɪmələr ˈtɛstɪŋ baɪ ðə ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ ənd ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt keɪm ˈəndər faɪər ɪn 2013 ənd ˈtɛstɪŋ əv ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ bləd ˈsæmpəlz wɑz ʃət daʊn. ɪn ðət keɪs, dɪˈfɛns əˈtərniz meɪnˈteɪnd ðət ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv hɛlθ ˈtɛstɪŋ wɑz baɪəst ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ənd ðət stæf wɑz ˌɪˈnædəkwətli treɪnd ɪn ˈhændəlɪŋ bləd ˈsæmpəlz. ɪn 2014 ðə steɪt ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər əˈpruvd ə bɪl prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈnɪrli 2 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈænjuəl ˈfəndɪŋ ənd ðə ˈhaɪrɪŋ əv faɪv nu ˈfʊlˌtaɪm ɪmˈplɔɪiz fər ðə tɪ teɪk ˈoʊvər ðə ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ bləd ˈtɛstɪŋ ðət wɑz ˈpriviəsli kənˈdəktəd baɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv hɛlθ. naʊ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv hɛlθ ɪz əˈsɪstɪŋ ɪn ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əv ðə ˈfɔlti ˈtɛstɪŋ. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ ðə ˌrivˈju ðə wɪl ˈɪʃu əˈmɛndɪd rɪˈpɔrts tɪ ðə lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz ðət səbˈmɪtəd ðə bləd ˈsæmpəlz, ənd wərk wɪθ ˈsteɪˌkhoʊldərz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ˈækjərət ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk rɪˈzəlts ənd ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃənz statewide.”*.” maɪk ˈræŋkɪn, ðə dɪˈrɛktər, sɛd, ðə wərks ɪkˈstrimli hɑrd tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈɛni ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈɛrərz ɪn ɑr ˈlæbrəˌtɔriz, ðə kˈwɑləti əˈʃʊrəns prəˈsiʤərz sərvd ðɛr dɪˈzaɪnd ˈpərpəs əv ˈseɪfˌgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti əv ðə program.”*.” ðə dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈænsər ˈɛni ˈəðər kˈwɛsʧənz frəm ˈsaɪtɪŋ ən ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˌrivˈju əv wət ˈhæpənd. məˈdinə sɛd ðə ˈeɪʤənsi maɪt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ prəˈvaɪd mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wəns ðə ˌrivˈju ɪz kəmˈplitɪd. ˈmɪlər toʊld hi ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ riˈoʊpən ˈɛni ˈdiˈjuˈaɪ ˈkeɪsɪz hi həz ˈhændəld ɪn ðə læst ˈsɛvən mənθs ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlvd bləd ˈtɛstɪŋ. ˈərfər kɔld ðə ˈprɑbləm ˈfrəˌstreɪtɪŋ. bɪn θru ðɪs twaɪs ˌbiˈfɔr. ɪt simz laɪk ðɪs ʃʊd bi ə prɪˈvɛntəbəl ˈprɑbləm. ðɛr ər ə ˈnəmbər əv læbz ðət hæv nɑt hæd ðiz problems.”*.” ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtər braɪən mɑs həz bɪn wɪθ ðə ˈsteɪʃən mɔr ðən 30 jɪrz ənˈkəvərɪŋ weɪst, frɔd ənd kərˈəpʃən. ˈfɑloʊ ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər |
a prominent muslim feminist and author penned an criticizing cnn political commentator sally kohn, arguing that her recent defense of sharia law as moderate is an “offensive” and “dangerous” affront to progressive muslims.
ms. kohn, who is openly gay, made headlines last week after she claimed “many progressive muslims” supported sharia law. she followed up in a cnn column explaining that there are progressive interpretations as well as more “fundamentalist conservative” interpretations of sharia, which can be both personal and political.
“sadly, the fact that there are many interpretations of sharia, just as there are many interpretations of jewish and christian moral codes, gets lost in the weeds of generalizations and fear-mongering,” ms. kohn wrote.
ms. raza, president of the council for muslims facing tomorrow and author of “their jihad, not my jihad,” wrote that ms. position is “a danger to those of us reformist muslims on the front lines.”
“in using her voice to propagate this liberal apologist position, she is doing a great disservice to progressive muslims like myself,” ms. raza argued. “her words are an affront to me, a female muslim activist, as i have made it my mission to educate others on this topic and to wrestle back my religion from the clutches of extremists who wish to make sharia the law of the land.”
she called sharia an anti-women, anti-semitic, homophobic distortion of islamic law that would have gay individuals like ms. kohn killed, jailed or persecuted.
“as a woman, and as someone who enjoys the freedoms and liberties that are systematically assaulted by sharia law, sally kohn needs to think twice before defending this oppressive, perverse practice,” ms. raza wrote.
“sharia is practiced in most parts of the muslim world, often on the whims of dictators and male religious bullies and it is entirely man-made,” she continued. “this homophobic, anti-woman, repressive sharia is no longer confined to the mosque or to majority muslim nations.
“this is why in the muslim reform movement declaration, we (muslims) make it very clear that we do not need or want institutionalized laws, a parallel legal system or sharia in the west. religion is, and should be, a personal relationship between ourselves and our maker. ms. kohn, if you believe in separation of religion and state/law, then you must be against sharia law,” ms. raza argued.
“i believe that ms. kohn has malicious intentions, but her misguided comments are a danger to those of us reformist muslims on the front lines battling to save our religion from extremists. words are powerful so sally, i beg you and others to stop defending the indefensible and to stand with us, not them.”
copyright 2019 the washington times, llc. click here for reprint permission. | ə ˈprɑmənənt ˈməzlɪm ˈfɛmənɪst ənd ˈɔθər pɛnd ən ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪzɪŋ ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər ˈsæli kɑn, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət hər ˈrisənt dɪˈfɛns əv ˈʃɑriə lɔ ɛz ˈmɑdərˌeɪt ɪz ən ““offensive”*” ənd ““dangerous”*” əˈfrənt tɪ prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈməzlɪmz. mɪz. kɑn, hu ɪz ˈoʊpənli geɪ, meɪd ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz læst wik ˈæftər ʃi kleɪmd prəˈgrɛsɪv muslims”*” səˈpɔrtɪd ˈʃɑriə lɔ. ʃi ˈfɑloʊd əp ɪn ə ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ˈkɑləm ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðət ðɛr ər prəˈgrɛsɪv ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃənz ɛz wɛl ɛz mɔr conservative”*” ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃənz əv ˈʃɑriə, wɪʧ kən bi boʊθ ˈpərsɪnəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl. ““sadly*, ðə fækt ðət ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃənz əv ˈʃɑriə, ʤɪst ɛz ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃənz əv ʤuɪʃ ənd ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈmɔrəl koʊdz, gɪts lɔst ɪn ðə widz əv ˌʤɛnərələˈzeɪʃənz ənd fear-mongering,”*,” mɪz. kɑn roʊt. mɪz. ˈræzə, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈkaʊnsəl fər ˈməzlɪmz ˈfeɪsɪŋ təˈmɑˌroʊ ənd ˈɔθər əv ˈʤihɑd, nɑt maɪ jihad,”*,” roʊt ðət mɪz. pəˈzɪʃən ɪz ˈdeɪnʤər tɪ ðoʊz əv ˈjuˈɛs rɪˈfɔrmɪst ˈməzlɪmz ɔn ðə frənt lines.”*.” ˈjuzɪŋ hər vɔɪs tɪ ˈprɑpəˌgeɪt ðɪs ˈlɪˌbərəl əˈpɑləʤɪst pəˈzɪʃən, ʃi ɪz duɪŋ ə greɪt dɪˈsərvəs tɪ prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈməzlɪmz laɪk myself,”*,” mɪz. ˈræzə ˈɑrgjud. wərdz ər ən əˈfrənt tɪ mi, ə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈməzlɪm ˈæktɪvɪst, ɛz aɪ hæv meɪd ɪt maɪ ˈmɪʃən tɪ ˈɛʤəˌkeɪt ˈəðərz ɔn ðɪs ˈtɑpɪk ənd tɪ ˈrɛsəl bæk maɪ rɪˈlɪʤən frəm ðə ˈkləʧɪz əv ɪkˈstriməsts hu wɪʃ tɪ meɪk ˈʃɑriə ðə lɔ əv ðə land.”*.” ʃi kɔld ˈʃɑriə ən anti-women*, anti-semitic*, ˌhoʊməˈfoʊbɪk dɪˈstɔrʃən əv ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ ðət wʊd hæv geɪ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz laɪk mɪz. kɑn kɪld, ʤeɪld ər ˈpərsəˌkjutəd. ə ˈwʊmən, ənd ɛz ˈsəmˌwən hu ˌɛnˈʤɔɪz ðə ˈfridəmz ənd ˈlɪbərˌtiz ðət ər ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli əˈsɔltɪd baɪ ˈʃɑriə lɔ, ˈsæli kɑn nidz tɪ θɪŋk twaɪs ˌbiˈfɔr dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ðɪs əˈprɛsɪv, pərˈvərs practice,”*,” mɪz. ˈræzə roʊt. ɪz ˈpræktɪst ɪn moʊst pɑrts əv ðə ˈməzlɪm wərld, ˈɔfən ɔn ðə wɪmz əv ˈdɪkteɪtərz ənd meɪl rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈbʊliz ənd ɪt ɪz ɪnˈtaɪərli man-made,”*,” ʃi kənˈtɪnjud. ˌhoʊməˈfoʊbɪk, anti-woman*, riˈprɛsɪv ˈʃɑriə ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər kənˈfaɪnd tɪ ðə mɔsk ər tɪ məˈʤɔrəti ˈməzlɪm ˈneɪʃənz. ɪz waɪ ɪn ðə ˈməzlɪm rɪˈfɔrm ˈmuvmənt ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən, wi (ˈməzlɪmz) meɪk ɪt ˈvɛri klɪr ðət wi du nɑt nid ər wɔnt ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəˌlaɪzd lɔz, ə ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ˈligəl ˈsɪstəm ər ˈʃɑriə ɪn ðə wɛst. rɪˈlɪʤən ɪz, ənd ʃʊd bi, ə ˈpərsɪnəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ɑrˈsɛlvz ənd ɑr ˈmeɪkər. mɪz. kɑn, ɪf ju bɪˈliv ɪn ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən əv rɪˈlɪʤən ənd state/law*, ðɛn ju məst bi əˈgɛnst ˈʃɑriə law,”*,” mɪz. ˈræzə ˈɑrgjud. bɪˈliv ðət mɪz. kɑn həz məˈlɪʃəs ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz, bət hər mɪsˈgaɪdɪd ˈkɑmɛnts ər ə ˈdeɪnʤər tɪ ðoʊz əv ˈjuˈɛs rɪˈfɔrmɪst ˈməzlɪmz ɔn ðə frənt laɪnz ˈbætəlɪŋ tɪ seɪv ɑr rɪˈlɪʤən frəm ɪkˈstriməsts. wərdz ər ˈpaʊərfəl soʊ ˈsæli, aɪ bɛg ju ənd ˈəðərz tɪ stɑp dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ðə ˌɪndɪˈfɛnsəbəl ənd tɪ stænd wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs, nɑt them.”*.” ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2019 ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən taɪmz, llc*. klɪk hir fər riˈprɪnt pərˈmɪʃən. |
video, citation shed new light on baby bison in yellowstone
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yellowstone national park, wyo. a utah woman says she encountered the young bison calf that was after tourists put the animal in their vehicle.
eastidahonews.com broke the story that gained worldwide attention this past week.
natalie kinzel told she was at yellowstone on may 9 when she saw a herd of bison crossing a river.
she recorded video with her phone as a little bison was swept downstream and ignored by the herd. the calf eventually made it out of the water but was left all alone.
“it was just because it was literally collapsing, and there was no buffalo around,” kinzel told.
kinzel kept recording as the calf alternated between leaning against her car and standing there, shivering.
“it was so pitiful,” kinzel said. “we were teary eyed when we left.”
it’s impossible to say for certain that the bison in her video is the same one that ended up being, but kinzel is convinced it is. she says all the details match up same place, same time of day, and same description of a baby animal lost and cold.
meanwhile, a citation given to the tourist who put the bison calf in his car is shedding further light on what happened.
shamash kassam, who was with his son visiting from canada, told officers the bison was in the middle of the road, wet and shivering, and would not leave their vehicle for 20 minutes. said they waited to see if any bison would come back for the calf.
“after 20 minutes they still could not see any bison anywhere in the vicinity, the bison calf would not leave their vehicle, appearing to be seeking warmth from the engine, and stated he decided to pick up the bison calf or it would have been road kill,” the citation states.
courtesy photo
kasaam drove to the buffalo ranch and called law enforcement. the responding officer told that he was preventing the mother from locating it and possibly altering its ability to survive in the wild.
“kasaam states that he understood what he did was wrong and he would never pick up or disturb any wildlife again, and instead would wait at the scene and call for law enforcement,” the citation states.
the document says a bison herd was near where had picked up the calf and the baby was released. park officials said they ended up the baby bison because it was rejected by the herd. they said sending the animal out of the park was not an option.
kasaam was fined $110 and must appear at the mammoth hot springs justice center on june 2.
related
yellowstone tourists put bison calf in car because worried cold
park service: bison calf after tourists put it in vehicle
watch: local woman who took viral bison photo speaks out
yellowstone officials explain why bison calf was
yellowstone visitor caught on camera petting bison | ˈvɪdioʊ, saɪˈteɪʃən ʃɛd nu laɪt ɔn ˈbeɪbi ˈbaɪsən ɪn ˈjɛloʊˌstoʊn ʃɛr ðɪs ˈjɛloʊˌstoʊn ˈnæʃənəl pɑrk, wyo*. ə ˈjuˌtɔ ˈwʊmən sɪz ʃi ɪnˈkaʊnərd ðə jəŋ ˈbaɪsən kæf ðət wɑz ˈæftər ˈtʊrɪsts pʊt ðə ˈænəməl ɪn ðɛr ˈviɪkəl. broʊk ðə ˈstɔri ðət geɪnd ˈwərldˈwaɪd əˈtɛnʃən ðɪs pæst wik. ˈnætəli ˈkɪnzəl toʊld ʃi wɑz æt ˈjɛloʊˌstoʊn ɔn meɪ 9 wɪn ʃi sɔ ə hərd əv ˈbaɪsən ˈkrɔsɪŋ ə ˈrɪvər. ʃi rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈvɪdioʊ wɪθ hər foʊn ɛz ə ˈlɪtəl ˈbaɪsən wɑz swɛpt ˈdaʊnˈstrim ənd ˌɪgˈnɔrd baɪ ðə hərd. ðə kæf ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli meɪd ɪt aʊt əv ðə ˈwɔtər bət wɑz lɛft ɔl əˈloʊn. wɑz ʤɪst bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz ˈlɪtərəli kəˈlæpsɪŋ, ənd ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈbəfəˌloʊ around,”*,” ˈkɪnzəl toʊld. ˈkɪnzəl kɛpt rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ɛz ðə kæf ˈɔltərˌneɪtəd bɪtˈwin ˈlinɪŋ əˈgɛnst hər kɑr ənd ˈstændɪŋ ðɛr, ˈʃɪvərɪŋ. wɑz soʊ pitiful,”*,” ˈkɪnzəl sɛd. wər ˈtɪri aɪd wɪn wi left.”*.” ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ seɪ fər ˈsərtən ðət ðə ˈbaɪsən ɪn hər ˈvɪdioʊ ɪz ðə seɪm wən ðət ˈɛndɪd əp biɪŋ, bət ˈkɪnzəl ɪz kənˈvɪnst ɪt ɪz. ʃi sɪz ɔl ðə ˈditeɪlz mæʧ əp seɪm pleɪs, seɪm taɪm əv deɪ, ənd seɪm dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ə ˈbeɪbi ˈænəməl lɔst ənd koʊld. ˈminˌwaɪl, ə saɪˈteɪʃən ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðə ˈtʊrɪst hu pʊt ðə ˈbaɪsən kæf ɪn hɪz kɑr ɪz ˈʃɛdɪŋ ˈfərðər laɪt ɔn wət ˈhæpənd. kassam*, hu wɑz wɪθ hɪz sən ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ frəm ˈkænədə, toʊld ˈɔfɪsərz ðə ˈbaɪsən wɑz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə roʊd, wɛt ənd ˈʃɪvərɪŋ, ənd wʊd nɑt liv ðɛr ˈviɪkəl fər 20 ˈmɪnəts. sɛd ðeɪ ˈweɪtɪd tɪ si ɪf ˈɛni ˈbaɪsən wʊd kəm bæk fər ðə kæf. 20 ˈmɪnəts ðeɪ stɪl kʊd nɑt si ˈɛni ˈbaɪsən ˈɛniˌwɛr ɪn ðə vɪˈsɪnɪti, ðə ˈbaɪsən kæf wʊd nɑt liv ðɛr ˈviɪkəl, əˈpɪrɪŋ tɪ bi ˈsikɪŋ wɔrmθ frəm ðə ˈɪnʤən, ənd ˈsteɪtɪd hi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ pɪk əp ðə ˈbaɪsən kæf ər ɪt wʊd hæv bɪn roʊd kill,”*,” ðə saɪˈteɪʃən steɪts. ˈkərtəsi ˈfoʊˌtoʊ droʊv tɪ ðə ˈbəfəˌloʊ rænʧ ənd kɔld lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt. ðə rɪˈspɑndɪŋ ˈɔfɪsər toʊld ðət hi wɑz prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ðə ˈməðər frəm ˈloʊˌkeɪtɪŋ ɪt ənd ˈpɑsəbli ˈɔltərɪŋ ɪts əˈbɪləˌti tɪ sərˈvaɪv ɪn ðə waɪld. steɪts ðət hi ˌəndərˈstʊd wət hi dɪd wɑz rɔŋ ənd hi wʊd ˈnɛvər pɪk əp ər dɪˈstərb ˈɛni ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf əˈgɛn, ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd wʊd weɪt æt ðə sin ənd kɔl fər lɔ enforcement,”*,” ðə saɪˈteɪʃən steɪts. ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt sɪz ə ˈbaɪsən hərd wɑz nɪr wɛr hæd pɪkt əp ðə kæf ənd ðə ˈbeɪbi wɑz riˈlist. pɑrk əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ðeɪ ˈɛndɪd əp ðə ˈbeɪbi ˈbaɪsən bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz rɪˈʤɛktɪd baɪ ðə hərd. ðeɪ sɛd ˈsɛndɪŋ ðə ˈænəməl aʊt əv ðə pɑrk wɑz nɑt ən ˈɔpʃən. wɑz faɪnd 110 ənd məst əˈpɪr æt ðə ˈmæməθ hɑt spərɪŋz ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɛnər ɔn ʤun 2 rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈjɛloʊˌstoʊn ˈtʊrɪsts pʊt ˈbaɪsən kæf ɪn kɑr bɪˈkəz ˈwərid koʊld pɑrk ˈsərvɪs: ˈbaɪsən kæf ˈæftər ˈtʊrɪsts pʊt ɪt ɪn ˈviɪkəl wɔʧ: ˈloʊkəl ˈwʊmən hu tʊk ˈvaɪrəl ˈbaɪsən ˈfoʊˌtoʊ spiks aʊt ˈjɛloʊˌstoʊn əˈfɪʃəlz ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ˈbaɪsən kæf wɑz ˈjɛloʊˌstoʊn ˈvɪzɪtər kɔt ɔn ˈkæmərə ˈpɛtɪŋ ˈbaɪsən |
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on monday night, seahawks running back lynch appeared on conan show, where he dropped an “f” bomb and talked about “grabbing my.” (and he also grabbed his several times.) on thursday night, teammate russell wilson appeared on jimmy show. while there was no “ding-ding” talk, wilson stepped way out of his character by using a word that had to be bleeped.
“i’ve gotta tell you a story,” wilson said as soon as he took a seat between kimmel and andy samberg, who was in a plastic bubble because he was pretending to have the flu. “so backstage, before the show, obviously. and all of a sudden i run into this guy with a bubble. and he sticks out his hand. i shake his hand. next thing i know, he in his pants.” possible wilson said “jizzes,” in reference to “jizz in my pants” video from saturday night live. either way, it was bleeped. either way, it mesh with the wilson ordinarily projects.)
the discussion quickly turned to contractual status, with kimmel asking wilson if more tired of talking about the super bowl loss or his contract.
“both,” wilson said.
kimmel then pointed out how underpaid wilson is, suggesting that making only $37,000 per year. (the audience get the joke.)
“so ready for the next contract?” kimmel said.
“that sounds exciting,” wilson replied.
“i would love to help you with this contract, i really would,” kimmel said. “do you have an agent?”
“i do have an agent,” wilson said.
“well, a bummer.”
“maybe you can be his consultant,” wilson said.
“how much money do you want, because we can probably hash this out right now?”
“can we take a collection plate, maybe?” wilson said, laughing.
“no, you get it from the team,” kimmel responded, with a little bit of force in his voice. “you made enough money for them. i think ok for them to pay you. you want to be the highest paid player in football, correct?”
“i just want to be paid based off my play,” wilson said. “it’ll work out in the end, and figure it out.”
wilson then reiterated that he wants to stay in seattle, but still not clear exactly what he wants financially because he continues to avoid the question.
wilson also said seriously interested in playing both football and baseball professionally, calling it a dream he had growing up.
“it’d be tough to play [both],” wilson said. “but, you know, always a way.”
kimmel then asked if wilson would play both if his baseball rights were traded from the texas rangers to the seattle mariners.
“i’d definitely consider it,” wilson said.
kimmel did a great job of asking the right questions and drawing wilson out on some touchy subjects, even though a comedy show with low expectations for anything newsworthy.
and there was still some comedy (or at least attempts at comedy), including a quick jab by wilson at coach pete carroll for paying players at usc. but it came out so fast that it sailed over the heads of the studio audience.
“he’s gonna love that comment,” kimmel said.
carroll mind that comment if they can get a contract worked out. for now, still unclear what it will take and when it will get done. however, it is clear that wilson remains serious about baseball and that be even more serious if he were playing for the baseball team in the same town as his football team. | ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt, ˈsiˌhɔks ˈrənɪŋ bæk lɪnʧ əˈpɪrd ɔn ˈkoʊnən ʃoʊ, wɛr hi drɑpt ən ““f”*” bɔm ənd tɔkt əˈbaʊt maɪ ding-ding.”*.” (ənd hi ˈɔlsoʊ græbd hɪz ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz.) ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ naɪt, ˈtiˌmeɪt ˈrəsəl ˈwɪlsən əˈpɪrd ɔn ˈʤɪmi ʃoʊ. waɪl ðɛr wɑz noʊ ““ding-ding”*” tɔk, ˈwɪlsən stɛpt weɪ aʊt əv hɪz ˈkɛrɪktər baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ə wərd ðət hæd tɪ bi bleeped*. ˈgɑtə tɛl ju ə story,”*,” ˈwɪlsən sɛd ɛz sun ɛz hi tʊk ə sit bɪtˈwin ˈkɪməl ənd ˈændi ˈsæmbərg, hu wɑz ɪn ə ˈplæstɪk ˈbəbəl bɪˈkəz hi wɑz priˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ hæv ðə flu. ˈbækˈsteɪʤ, ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ʃoʊ, ˈɑbviəsli. ənd ɔl əv ə ˈsədən aɪ rən ˈɪntu ðɪs gaɪ wɪθ ə ˈbəbəl. ənd hi stɪks aʊt hɪz hænd. aɪ ʃeɪk hɪz hænd. nɛkst θɪŋ aɪ noʊ, hi ɪn hɪz pants.”*.” ˈpɑsəbəl ˈwɪlsən sɛd ““jizzes,”*,” ɪn ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ɪn maɪ pants”*” ˈvɪdioʊ frəm ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ naɪt lɪv. ˈiðər weɪ, ɪt wɑz bleeped*. ˈiðər weɪ, ɪt mɛʃ wɪθ ðə ˈwɪlsən ˌɔrdəˈnɛrəli ˈprɑʤɛkts.) ðə dɪˈskəʃən kˈwɪkli tərnd tɪ kənˈtrækʧuəl ˈstætəs, wɪθ ˈkɪməl ˈæskɪŋ ˈwɪlsən ɪf mɔr taɪərd əv ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈsupər boʊl lɔs ər hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt. ““both,”*,” ˈwɪlsən sɛd. ˈkɪməl ðɛn ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt haʊ ˈəndərˈpeɪd ˈwɪlsən ɪz, səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈoʊnli pər jɪr. (ðə ˈɔdiəns gɪt ðə ʤoʊk.) ˈrɛdi fər ðə nɛkst contract?”*?” ˈkɪməl sɛd. saʊnz exciting,”*,” ˈwɪlsən rɪˈplaɪd. wʊd ləv tɪ hɛlp ju wɪθ ðɪs ˈkɑnˌtrækt, aɪ ˈrɪli would,”*,” ˈkɪməl sɛd. ju hæv ən agent?”*?” du hæv ən agent,”*,” ˈwɪlsən sɛd. ““well*, ə bummer.”*.” ju kən bi hɪz consultant,”*,” ˈwɪlsən sɛd. məʧ ˈməni du ju wɔnt, bɪˈkəz wi kən ˈprɑbəˌbli hæʃ ðɪs aʊt raɪt now?”*?” wi teɪk ə kəˈlɛkʃən pleɪt, maybe?”*?” ˈwɪlsən sɛd, ˈlæfɪŋ. ““no*, ju gɪt ɪt frəm ðə team,”*,” ˈkɪməl rɪˈspɑndɪd, wɪθ ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv fɔrs ɪn hɪz vɔɪs. meɪd ɪˈnəf ˈməni fər ðɛm. aɪ θɪŋk ˈoʊˈkeɪ fər ðɛm tɪ peɪ ju. ju wɔnt tɪ bi ðə haɪəst peɪd pleɪər ɪn ˈfʊtˌbɔl, correct?”*?” ʤɪst wɔnt tɪ bi peɪd beɪst ɔf maɪ play,”*,” ˈwɪlsən sɛd. wərk aʊt ɪn ðə ɛnd, ənd ˈfɪgjər ɪt out.”*.” ˈwɪlsən ðɛn riˈɪtərˌeɪtɪd ðət hi wɔnts tɪ steɪ ɪn siˈætəl, bət stɪl nɑt klɪr ɪgˈzæktli wət hi wɔnts ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli bɪˈkəz hi kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðə kˈwɛʃən. ˈwɪlsən ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ˈsɪriəsli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn pleɪɪŋ boʊθ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ənd ˈbeɪsˈbɔl prəˈfɛʃənəli, ˈkɔlɪŋ ɪt ə drim hi hæd groʊɪŋ əp. bi təf tɪ pleɪ [both],”*],” ˈwɪlsən sɛd. ““but*, ju noʊ, ˈɔlˌweɪz ə way.”*.” ˈkɪməl ðɛn æst ɪf ˈwɪlsən wʊd pleɪ boʊθ ɪf hɪz ˈbeɪsˈbɔl raɪts wər ˈtreɪdɪd frəm ðə ˈtɛksəs ˈreɪnʤərz tɪ ðə siˈætəl ˈmɛrənərz. ˈdɛfənətli kənˈsɪdər it,”*,” ˈwɪlsən sɛd. ˈkɪməl dɪd ə greɪt ʤɑb əv ˈæskɪŋ ðə raɪt kˈwɛsʧənz ənd drɔɪŋ ˈwɪlsən aʊt ɔn səm ˈtəʧi ˈsəbʤɪkts, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ə ˈkɑmədi ʃoʊ wɪθ loʊ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈnuzˌwərði. ənd ðɛr wɑz stɪl səm ˈkɑmədi (ər æt list əˈtɛmpts æt ˈkɑmədi), ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə kwɪk ʤæb baɪ ˈwɪlsən æt koʊʧ pit ˈkɛrəl fər peɪɪŋ pleɪərz æt usc*. bət ɪt keɪm aʊt soʊ fæst ðət ɪt seɪld ˈoʊvər ðə hɛdz əv ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈɔdiəns. ˈgɑnə ləv ðət comment,”*,” ˈkɪməl sɛd. ˈkɛrəl maɪnd ðət ˈkɑmɛnt ɪf ðeɪ kən gɪt ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt wərkt aʊt. fər naʊ, stɪl ənˈklɪr wət ɪt wɪl teɪk ənd wɪn ɪt wɪl gɪt dən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt ɪz klɪr ðət ˈwɪlsən rɪˈmeɪnz ˈsɪriəs əˈbaʊt ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ənd ðət bi ˈivɪn mɔr ˈsɪriəs ɪf hi wər pleɪɪŋ fər ðə ˈbeɪsˈbɔl tim ɪn ðə seɪm taʊn ɛz hɪz ˈfʊtˌbɔl tim. |
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read in chinese |
andrew g. walder is a sociologist at stanford university who has written extensively on the cultural revolution and life in maoist china. his latest book, “china under mao: a revolution derailed,” published this year by harvard university press, incorporates the latest scholarship on this tumultuous era, when of chinese society especially private property and communal religious life were destroyed in favor of collectives. he argues that mao lurched from crisis to crisis, inspired less by a new vision of communism than a simplistic understanding of stalinist ideology.
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in painting this bleak picture, mr. walder helps explain why in the late 1970s, after death, china embarked on economic liberalization the basis for its prosperity and power today. in an interview, he discussed how the communist victory in the civil war informed approach to politics, who was responsible for most of the violence during the cultural revolution and what elements of rule can be seen in president xi administration today. excerpts follow:
q.
why do we need a new book on mao zedong and the first decades of communist rule in china?
a.
some really good material on the maoist era only really came out well into the reform era, but most social scientists were focusing on reforms. the reforms were dramatic and unexpected, and so most of the attention focused on them. and these materials, as they gradually became available, languished. it took scholars like roderick macfarquhar, michael schoenhals, frederick and warren sun to begin to put this picture together. these works brought into focus the politics at the top. they dispelled many misperceptions. i see my role as connecting what happened at the top of the political system with the outcomes.
q.
what sort of misperceptions did they dispel?
a.
teiwes and sun, for example, showed that what we thought of as the “two-line struggle” [between mao and other leaders over economic policy in the early 1960s, in the aftermath of the great leap forward, when famine killed at least 30 million] really like that. the original idea was that deng xiaoping and liu staked out positions different from mao. this view was derived from the polemics of the period. mao and his side criticized deng and liu, so scholars thought that this reflected a deeper reality. that twisted our perception of the real issues.
mao did accurately perceive that many people were not as enthusiastic as he was, but they went along with him, especially liu. so the idea of two opposing camps was discredited.
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it’s surprising how much we know about the cultural revolution compared to other movements, like the great leap forward. the red guard movement, especially in universities, all had factional newspapers. they chronicled events. we now have tens of thousands of pages of material. i think of a movement that is better documented. we think of it as mindless violence, but a lot of people were writing a lot about things they were doing.
q.
i was struck by your description that the communists’ guerrilla period was not as important to their governing style as we think. in fact, you argue that the civil war was far more important and completely different from guerrilla war.
a.
only when i read historical scholarship in the last 15 years that focuses on civil war and casualty figures of the nationalists did i realize that they come to power through guerrilla war. you look at the casualty figures, and you realize that. in graduate school, most works we read glossed over that fact. for me, that was a revelation. the communist party did very little of the fighting against the japanese, and it was a myth that a war led the communists to power.
instead, the conquest of china was a military conquest, much like the [soviet] red army fought the nazis. it was a mass mobilization that supported vast armies that defeated the nationalists. i think sunk into the consciousness of the field.
q.
how did that affect the communists’ governing style?
a.
mao had these startling victories. everyone said he win quickly against the nationalists. even stalin urged caution. but he pushed and won. that was the approach he turned to again in the late with the great leap forward. he thought that you could accomplish anything. also, he learned that he listen to others.
q.
i was also struck by how little mao evolved. after the civil war, he seemed to learn nothing.
a.
stalin also pushed hard for communism, but after the war, he moderated his view and become relatively conservative. mao never moderated his views. he became more radical with time.
q.
in fact, he seemed like an intellectual lightweight. you say most of what he learned about communist thought was from “the history of the communist party of the soviet union (bolsheviks),” the textbook commissioned by stalin and first published in 1938.
a.
he was a great strategist. but a lot of what he wrote was, if not ghost-written, heavily edited by people like [his secretary] chen boda. his understanding of was based on a edition of stalinism.
q.
another interesting thing i learned was how he failed at everything he tried after the early.
a.
he was pretty good at that [covering up his errors]. i never thought of it this way until i wrote it down, but pretty much everything he tried after 1957, nothing worked out the way he thought. he intend to deliberately starve peasants. i think historians of the soviet union showed that stalin was willing to starve peasants if they resisted collectivization. i think mao set out to starve peasants, but when it happened he shocked. he viewed it as collateral damage.
he was constantly making a risky move, and if it work, then shift, and that work out. the whole cultural revolution decade was a mess because of that.
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q.
you write that about million to million people died during the cultural revolution.
a.
in the literature, the number ranges from to eight million. so a relatively conservative estimate. but as a percent of the population, 750 million, about the death rate of great terror. some people are annoyed that minimizing the violence, but trying to put it in perspective.
another point was that in the cultural revolution, most killing by the students or red guards, but by the government.
we focus on students killing their teachers. that touches a nerve. or we focus on armed conflict between rebel groups. but most of the killing occurred when order in quotation marks was restored. it was not the rampaging red guards, even though those deaths were the most dramatic. it was the military restoration of order. the cure was far worse than the disease.
q.
people often say that president, xi jinping, is adopting elements of the mao era, or even the cultural revolution. what do you think?
a.
he’s adopting some of the symbolism of mao in the cultural revolution. people look back on that era as less corrupt. similarly in russia, people looked back at stalin as someone who got things done. you can certainly say that about mao. he bullied people, pushed them around and got things done. forgotten the outcomes.
it reminds me a bit of the u.s. south after the civil war. you had a reconstruction period and then, after the 1870s, they began to rewrite the history and that what the confederate flag stood for was heritage and tradition, not slavery and lynching. a sanitizing of the historical record. what xi is about is unity and stability and economic development, and not what mao was about. mao was willing to throw things to the wind. he was willing to gamble. he never thought things could happen if it was orderly. he thought disorder was the midwife of progress. xi is completely different.
one example: xi is clamping down on corruption, but also clamping down on free expression and press freedom. but when mao set out to reform the system twice, in the [1956] hundred flowers movement and the cultural revolution, he started out by opening the system to criticism. he invited people inside and outside the system to criticize. xi does not want to do that.
people have forgotten that mao was an incredibly radical guy. but like a lot of these guys whose pictures end up on currencies, they end up as an icon.
q.
on the positive side, he held china together and gave it territorial integrity.
a.
yes, absolutely, but he also held china back economically, socially, intellectually, for 20 years. interesting to think what would have been trajectory if stepped aside in 1961 or 1962. certainly china have started the reform period in 1978, having dug itself in such a deep hole. this 10 percent a year economic growth that they like to boast about was in part making up for 20 years of a more or less very stagnant economy.
q.
but did his destruction pave the way for reform?
a.
mao destroyed the bureaucracy that might have blocked reform. the party and bureaucracy were still in turmoil in the late 1970s, so a leader like deng xiaoping had more options to reform the party than gorbachev did. the array of forces against him were much weaker than in the soviet union. | ˈfoʊˌtoʊ rɛd ɪn ʧaɪˈniz ˈændru ʤi. ˈwɔldər ɪz ə ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪst æt ˈstænfərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti hu həz ˈrɪtən ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli ɔn ðə ˈkəlʧərəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ənd laɪf ɪn maʊɪst ˈʧaɪnə. hɪz ˈleɪtəst bʊk, ˈəndər maʊ: ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən derailed,”*,” ˈpəblɪʃt ðɪs jɪr baɪ ˈhɑrvərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪts ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp ɔn ðɪs ˌtuˈməˌlʧuəs ˈɪrə, wɪn əv ʧaɪˈniz soʊˈsaɪɪti əˈspɛʃəli ˈpraɪvət ˈprɑpərti ənd kəmˈjunəl rɪˈlɪʤəs laɪf wər dɪˈstrɔɪd ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv kəˈlɛktɪvz. hi ˈɑrgjuz ðət maʊ lərʧt frəm ˈkraɪsəs tɪ ˈkraɪsəs, ˌɪnˈspaɪərd lɛs baɪ ə nu ˈvɪʒən əv ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm ðən ə sɪmˈplɪstɪk ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ˈstɑlɪnɪst ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɪn ˈpeɪnɪŋ ðɪs blik ˈpɪkʧər, ˈmɪstər. ˈwɔldər hɛlps ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ɪn ðə leɪt 1970s*, ˈæftər dɛθ, ˈʧaɪnə ɛmˈbɑrkt ɔn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌlɪˌbərəlɪˈzeɪʃən ðə ˈbeɪsɪs fər ɪts prɑˈspɛrəti ənd paʊər təˈdeɪ. ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju, hi dɪˈskəst haʊ ðə ˈkɑmjənəst ˈvɪktəri ɪn ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˌɪnˈfɔrmd əˈproʊʧ tɪ ˈpɑləˌtɪks, hu wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər moʊst əv ðə ˈvaɪələns ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈkəlʧərəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ənd wət ˈɛləmənts əv rul kən bi sin ɪn ˈprɛzɪdənt ʃi ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən təˈdeɪ. ˈɛksərpts ˈfɑloʊ: kju. waɪ du wi nid ə nu bʊk ɔn maʊ zəˈdɔŋ ənd ðə fərst ˈdɛkeɪdz əv ˈkɑmjənəst rul ɪn ˈʧaɪnə? ə. səm ˈrɪli gʊd məˈtɪriəl ɔn ðə maʊɪst ˈɪrə ˈoʊnli ˈrɪli keɪm aʊt wɛl ˈɪntu ðə rɪˈfɔrm ˈɪrə, bət moʊst ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪəntɪsts wər ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn rɪˈfɔrmz. ðə rɪˈfɔrmz wər drəˈmætɪk ənd ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd, ənd soʊ moʊst əv ðə əˈtɛnʃən ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðɛm. ənd ðiz məˈtɪriəlz, ɛz ðeɪ ˈgræʤuəli bɪˈkeɪm əˈveɪləbəl, ˈlæŋgwɪʃt. ɪt tʊk ˈskɑlərz laɪk ˈrɑdrɪk macfarquhar*, ˈmaɪkəl ˈʃoʊnhəlz, ˈfrɛdərɪk ənd ˈwɔrən sən tɪ bɪˈgɪn tɪ pʊt ðɪs ˈpɪkʧər təˈgɛðər. ðiz wərks brɔt ˈɪntu ˈfoʊkɪs ðə ˈpɑləˌtɪks æt ðə tɔp. ðeɪ dɪˈspɛld ˈmɛni mɪspərˈsɛpʃənz. aɪ si maɪ roʊl ɛz kəˈnɛktɪŋ wət ˈhæpənd æt ðə tɔp əv ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈsɪstəm wɪθ ðə ˈaʊtˌkəmz. kju. wət sɔrt əv mɪspərˈsɛpʃənz dɪd ðeɪ dɪˈspɛl? ə. ənd sən, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ʃoʊd ðət wət wi θɔt əv ɛz ðə struggle”*” [bɪtˈwin maʊ ənd ˈəðər ˈlidərz ˈoʊvər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsi ɪn ðə ˈərli 1960s*, ɪn ðə ˈæftərˌmæθ əv ðə greɪt lip ˈfɔrwərd, wɪn ˈfæmən kɪld æt list 30 ˈmɪljən] ˈrɪli laɪk ðət. ðə ərˈɪʤənəl aɪˈdiə wɑz ðət dɛŋ ˈʒaʊˈpɪŋ ənd lju steɪkt aʊt pəˈzɪʃənz ˈdɪfərənt frəm maʊ. ðɪs vju wɑz dəraɪvd frəm ðə poʊˈlɛmɪks əv ðə ˈpɪriəd. maʊ ənd hɪz saɪd ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd dɛŋ ənd lju, soʊ ˈskɑlərz θɔt ðət ðɪs rɪˈflɛktɪd ə ˈdipər ˌriˈæləˌti. ðət tˈwɪstɪd ɑr pərˈsɛpʃən əv ðə ril ˈɪʃuz. maʊ dɪd ˈækjərətli pərˈsiv ðət ˈmɛni ˈpipəl wər nɑt ɛz ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk ɛz hi wɑz, bət ðeɪ wɛnt əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ɪm, əˈspɛʃəli lju. soʊ ðə aɪˈdiə əv tu əˈpoʊzɪŋ kæmps wɑz dɪˈskrɛdɪtɪd. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ səˈpraɪzɪŋ haʊ məʧ wi noʊ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkəlʧərəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈəðər ˈmuvmənts, laɪk ðə greɪt lip ˈfɔrwərd. ðə rɛd gɑrd ˈmuvmənt, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ˌjunəˈvərsətiz, ɔl hæd ˈfækʃənəl ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz. ðeɪ ˈkrɑnɪkəld ɪˈvɛnts. wi naʊ hæv tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpeɪʤɪz əv məˈtɪriəl. aɪ θɪŋk əv ə ˈmuvmənt ðət ɪz ˈbɛtər ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd. wi θɪŋk əv ɪt ɛz ˈmaɪndləs ˈvaɪələns, bət ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl wər ˈraɪtɪŋ ə lɔt əˈbaʊt θɪŋz ðeɪ wər duɪŋ. kju. aɪ wɑz strək baɪ jʊr dɪˈskrɪpʃən ðət ðə communists’*’ gərˈɪlə ˈpɪriəd wɑz nɑt ɛz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ðɛr ˈgəvərnɪŋ staɪl ɛz wi θɪŋk. ɪn fækt, ju ˈɑrgju ðət ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr wɑz fɑr mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ənd kəmˈplitli ˈdɪfərənt frəm gərˈɪlə wɔr. ə. ˈoʊnli wɪn aɪ rɛd hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp ɪn ðə læst 15 jɪrz ðət ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn ˈsɪvəl wɔr ənd ˈkæʒəwəlti ˈfɪgjərz əv ðə ˈnæʃənəlɪsts dɪd aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ðeɪ kəm tɪ paʊər θru gərˈɪlə wɔr. ju lʊk æt ðə ˈkæʒəwəlti ˈfɪgjərz, ənd ju ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət. ɪn ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul, moʊst wərks wi rɛd glɔst ˈoʊvər ðət fækt. fər mi, ðət wɑz ə ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən. ðə ˈkɑmjənəst ˈpɑrti dɪd ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl əv ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz, ənd ɪt wɑz ə mɪθ ðət ə wɔr lɛd ðə ˈkɑmjənəsts tɪ paʊər. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðə ˈkɑŋkwɛst əv ˈʧaɪnə wɑz ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈkɑŋkwɛst, məʧ laɪk ðə [ˈsoʊviˌɛt] rɛd ˈɑrmi fɔt ðə ˈnɑtsiz. ɪt wɑz ə mæs ˌmoʊbəlɪˈzeɪʃən ðət səˈpɔrtɪd væst ˈɑrmiz ðət dɪˈfitɪd ðə ˈnæʃənəlɪsts. aɪ θɪŋk səŋk ˈɪntu ðə ˈkɑnʃəsnəs əv ðə fild. kju. haʊ dɪd ðət əˈfɛkt ðə communists’*’ ˈgəvərnɪŋ staɪl? ə. maʊ hæd ðiz ˈstɑrtlɪŋ ˈvɪktəriz. ˈɛvriˌwən sɛd hi wɪn kˈwɪkli əˈgɛnst ðə ˈnæʃənəlɪsts. ˈivɪn ˈstɑlən ərʤd ˈkɔʃən. bət hi pʊʃt ənd wən. ðət wɑz ðə əˈproʊʧ hi tərnd tɪ əˈgɛn ɪn ðə leɪt wɪθ ðə greɪt lip ˈfɔrwərd. hi θɔt ðət ju kʊd əˈkɑmplɪʃ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ˈɔlsoʊ, hi ˈlərnɪd ðət hi ˈlɪsən tɪ ˈəðərz. kju. aɪ wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ strək baɪ haʊ ˈlɪtəl maʊ ɪˈvɑlvd. ˈæftər ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr, hi simd tɪ lərn ˈnəθɪŋ. ə. ˈstɑlən ˈɔlsoʊ pʊʃt hɑrd fər ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm, bət ˈæftər ðə wɔr, hi ˈmɑdərˌeɪtɪd hɪz vju ənd bɪˈkəm ˈrɛlətɪvli kənˈsərvətɪv. maʊ ˈnɛvər ˈmɑdərˌeɪtɪd hɪz vjuz. hi bɪˈkeɪm mɔr ˈrædɪkəl wɪθ taɪm. kju. ɪn fækt, hi simd laɪk ən ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈlaɪtˈweɪt. ju seɪ moʊst əv wət hi ˈlərnɪd əˈbaʊt ˈkɑmjənəst θɔt wɑz frəm ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈkɑmjənəst ˈpɑrti əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən (bolsheviks),”*),” ðə ˈtɛkstˌbʊk kəˈmɪʃənd baɪ ˈstɑlən ənd fərst ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 1938 ə. hi wɑz ə greɪt ˈstrætɪʤɪst. bət ə lɔt əv wət hi roʊt wɑz, ɪf nɑt ghost-written*, ˈhɛvəli ˈɛdɪtɪd baɪ ˈpipəl laɪk [hɪz ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri] ʧɛn ˈboʊdə. hɪz ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv wɑz beɪst ɔn ə ɪˈdɪʃən əv ˈstælɪˌnɪzəm. kju. əˈnəðər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ θɪŋ aɪ ˈlərnɪd wɑz haʊ hi feɪld æt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ hi traɪd ˈæftər ðə ˈərli. ə. hi wɑz ˈprɪti gʊd æt ðət [ˈkəvərɪŋ əp hɪz ˈɛrərz]. aɪ ˈnɛvər θɔt əv ɪt ðɪs weɪ ənˈtɪl aɪ roʊt ɪt daʊn, bət ˈprɪti məʧ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ hi traɪd ˈæftər 1957 ˈnəθɪŋ wərkt aʊt ðə weɪ hi θɔt. hi ˌɪnˈtɛnd tɪ dɪˈlɪbərətli stɑrv ˈpɛzənts. aɪ θɪŋk hɪˈstɔriənz əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən ʃoʊd ðət ˈstɑlən wɑz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ stɑrv ˈpɛzənts ɪf ðeɪ rɪˈzɪstɪd kəˌlɛktɪvɪˈzeɪʃən. aɪ θɪŋk maʊ sɛt aʊt tɪ stɑrv ˈpɛzənts, bət wɪn ɪt ˈhæpənd hi ʃɑkt. hi vjud ɪt ɛz kəˈlætərəl ˈdæmɪʤ. hi wɑz ˈkɑnstəntli ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈrɪski muv, ənd ɪf ɪt wərk, ðɛn ʃɪft, ənd ðət wərk aʊt. ðə hoʊl ˈkəlʧərəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ˈdɛkeɪd wɑz ə mɛs bɪˈkəz əv ðət. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ kju. ju raɪt ðət əˈbaʊt ˈmɪljən tɪ ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl daɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈkəlʧərəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. ə. ɪn ðə ˈlɪtərəʧər, ðə ˈnəmbər ˈreɪnʤɪz frəm tɪ eɪt ˈmɪljən. soʊ ə ˈrɛlətɪvli kənˈsərvətɪv ˈɛstəˌmeɪt. bət ɛz ə pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, 750 ˈmɪljən, əˈbaʊt ðə dɛθ reɪt əv greɪt ˈtɛrər. səm ˈpipəl ər əˈnɔɪd ðət ˈmɪnəˌmaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈvaɪələns, bət traɪɪŋ tɪ pʊt ɪt ɪn pərˈspɛktɪv. əˈnəðər pɔɪnt wɑz ðət ɪn ðə ˈkəlʧərəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən, moʊst ˈkɪlɪŋ baɪ ðə ˈstudənts ər rɛd gɑrdz, bət baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt. wi ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈstudənts ˈkɪlɪŋ ðɛr ˈtiʧərz. ðət ˈtəʧɪz ə nərv. ər wi ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ɑrmd ˈkɑnflɪkt bɪtˈwin ˈrɛbəl grups. bət moʊst əv ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ əˈkərd wɪn ˈɔrdər ɪn kwoʊˈteɪʃən mɑrks wɑz rɪˈstɔrd. ɪt wɑz nɑt ðə ˈræmˌpeɪʤɪŋ rɛd gɑrdz, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðoʊz dɛθs wər ðə moʊst drəˈmætɪk. ɪt wɑz ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən əv ˈɔrdər. ðə kjʊr wɑz fɑr wərs ðən ðə dɪˈziz. kju. ˈpipəl ˈɔfən seɪ ðət ˈprɛzɪdənt, ʃi jinping*, ɪz əˈdɑptɪŋ ˈɛləmənts əv ðə maʊ ˈɪrə, ər ˈivɪn ðə ˈkəlʧərəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. wət du ju θɪŋk? ə. əˈdɑptɪŋ səm əv ðə ˈsɪmbəˌlɪzəm əv maʊ ɪn ðə ˈkəlʧərəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. ˈpipəl lʊk bæk ɔn ðət ˈɪrə ɛz lɛs kərəpt. ˈsɪmələrli ɪn ˈrəʃə, ˈpipəl lʊkt bæk æt ˈstɑlən ɛz ˈsəmˌwən hu gɑt θɪŋz dən. ju kən ˈsərtənli seɪ ðət əˈbaʊt maʊ. hi ˈbʊlid ˈpipəl, pʊʃt ðɛm əraʊnd ənd gɑt θɪŋz dən. fərˈgɑtən ðə ˈaʊtˌkəmz. ɪt riˈmaɪndz mi ə bɪt əv ðə juz. saʊθ ˈæftər ðə ˈsɪvəl wɔr. ju hæd ə ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən ˈpɪriəd ənd ðɛn, ˈæftər ðə 1870s*, ðeɪ bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈriˌraɪt ðə ˈhɪstəri ənd ðət wət ðə kənˈfɛdərˌeɪt flæg stʊd fər wɑz ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ənd trəˈdɪʃən, nɑt sˈleɪvəri ənd ˈlɪnʧɪŋ. ə ˈsænəˌtaɪzɪŋ əv ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈrɛkərd. wət ʃi ɪz əˈbaʊt ɪz ˈjunɪti ənd stəˈbɪlɪti ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ənd nɑt wət maʊ wɑz əˈbaʊt. maʊ wɑz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ θroʊ θɪŋz tɪ ðə wɪnd. hi wɑz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈgæmbəl. hi ˈnɛvər θɔt θɪŋz kʊd ˈhæpən ɪf ɪt wɑz ˈɔrdərli. hi θɔt dɪˈsɔrdər wɑz ðə ˈmɪdˌwaɪf əv ˈprɑˌgrɛs. ʃi ɪz kəmˈplitli ˈdɪfərənt. wən ɪgˈzæmpəl: ʃi ɪz ˈklæmpɪŋ daʊn ɔn kərˈəpʃən, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈklæmpɪŋ daʊn ɔn fri ɪkˈsprɛʃən ənd prɛs ˈfridəm. bət wɪn maʊ sɛt aʊt tɪ rɪˈfɔrm ðə ˈsɪstəm twaɪs, ɪn ðə 1956 ˈhənərd flaʊərz ˈmuvmənt ənd ðə ˈkəlʧərəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən, hi ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt baɪ ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə ˈsɪstəm tɪ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm. hi ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ˈpipəl ˌɪnˈsaɪd ənd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈsɪstəm tɪ ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz. ʃi dɪz nɑt wɔnt tɪ du ðət. ˈpipəl hæv fərˈgɑtən ðət maʊ wɑz ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˈrædɪkəl gaɪ. bət laɪk ə lɔt əv ðiz gaɪz huz ˈpɪkʧərz ɛnd əp ɔn ˈkərənsiz, ðeɪ ɛnd əp ɛz ən ˈaɪkɑn. kju. ɔn ðə ˈpɑzətɪv saɪd, hi hɛld ˈʧaɪnə təˈgɛðər ənd geɪv ɪt ˌtɛrɪˈtɔriəl ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti. ə. jɛs, ˌæbsəˈlutli, bət hi ˈɔlsoʊ hɛld ˈʧaɪnə bæk ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli, ˈsoʊʃəli, ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəli, fər 20 jɪrz. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ θɪŋk wət wʊd hæv bɪn trəˈʤɛktəri ɪf stɛpt əˈsaɪd ɪn 1961 ər 1962 ˈsərtənli ˈʧaɪnə hæv ˈstɑrtɪd ðə rɪˈfɔrm ˈpɪriəd ɪn 1978 ˈhævɪŋ dəg ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪn səʧ ə dip hoʊl. ðɪs 10 pərˈsɛnt ə jɪr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ ðət ðeɪ laɪk tɪ boʊst əˈbaʊt wɑz ɪn pɑrt ˈmeɪkɪŋ əp fər 20 jɪrz əv ə mɔr ər lɛs ˈvɛri ˈstægnənt ɪˈkɑnəmi. kju. bət dɪd hɪz dɪˈstrəkʃən peɪv ðə weɪ fər rɪˈfɔrm? ə. maʊ dɪˈstrɔɪd ðə bjʊˈrɑkrəsi ðət maɪt hæv blɑkt rɪˈfɔrm. ðə ˈpɑrti ənd bjʊˈrɑkrəsi wər stɪl ɪn ˈtərˌmɔɪl ɪn ðə leɪt 1970s*, soʊ ə ˈlidər laɪk dɛŋ ˈʒaʊˈpɪŋ hæd mɔr ˈɔpʃənz tɪ rɪˈfɔrm ðə ˈpɑrti ðən ˈgɔrbəˌʧɔf dɪd. ðə əreɪ əv ˈfɔrsɪz əˈgɛnst ɪm wər məʧ ˈwikər ðən ɪn ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən. |
guests: danny fields danny fields guests: judith light judith light
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photo: images
left to right: joey ramone, danny fields
danny fields on leaving the ivy league, andy factory, and managing the
danny fields is a music manager and publicist who was instrumental in signing and promoting some of the biggest names in punk rock history.
this week, he and jesse discuss his decision to leave the ivy league tract, his time in andy factory, and what it was like managing the.
photo: mark images
judith light talks transparent, jill soloway, and rights
judith light has had an almost 40 year acting career in which played strong female characters on shows like one life to live and the boss?. she is now continuing in this motif with her tenure on broadway, winning two tony awards for her performances in the last 5 years, starring in a one woman show, and of course her groundbreaking performance in transparent.
judith sits down with guest correspondent keith powell to discuss her work on transparent, the relationship with jill soloway, and the famous courtroom scene on one life to live that launched her career.
you can watch transparent on amazon and find information about her one woman play here.
the outshot: nostalgia and everybody wants some
jesse talks about richard everybody wants some as a reflection of the necessity for people to fall into spells of nostalgia, even if just for 90 minutes. | gɛsts: ˈdæni fildz ˈdæni fildz gɛsts: ˈʤudɪθ laɪt ˈʤudɪθ laɪt nu tɪ ˈbulzaɪ? səbˈskraɪb tɪ ɑr ˈpɔdˌkæst ɪn ˈaɪˌtunz ər wɪθ jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ju ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli gɪt ðə nuəst ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ˈɛvəri wik. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈɪmɪʤɪz lɛft tɪ raɪt: ʤoʊi rəˈmoʊn, ˈdæni fildz ˈdæni fildz ɔn ˈlivɪŋ ðə ˈaɪvi lig, ˈændi ˈfæktəri, ənd ˈmænəʤɪŋ ðə ˈdæni fildz ɪz ə mˈjuzɪk ˈmænɪʤər ənd ˈpəblɪsɪst hu wɑz ˌɪnstrəˈmɛnəl ɪn ˈsaɪnɪŋ ənd prəˈmoʊtɪŋ səm əv ðə ˈbɪgəst neɪmz ɪn pəŋk rɑk ˈhɪstəri. ðɪs wik, hi ənd ˈʤɛsi dɪˈskəs hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ liv ðə ˈaɪvi lig trækt, hɪz taɪm ɪn ˈændi ˈfæktəri, ənd wət ɪt wɑz laɪk ˈmænəʤɪŋ ðə. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: mɑrk ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈʤudɪθ laɪt tɔks trænˈspɛrənt, ʤɪl ˈsoʊloʊˌweɪ, ənd raɪts ˈʤudɪθ laɪt həz hæd ən ˈɔlˌmoʊst 40 jɪr ˈæktɪŋ kərɪr ɪn wɪʧ pleɪd strɔŋ ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈkɛrɪktərz ɔn ʃoʊz laɪk wən laɪf tɪ lɪv ənd ðə bɔs?. ʃi ɪz naʊ kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ɪn ðɪs moʊˈtif wɪθ hər ˈtɛnjər ɔn ˈbrɔdˌweɪ, ˈwɪnɪŋ tu ˈtoʊni əˈwɔrdz fər hər pərˈfɔrmənsɪz ɪn ðə læst 5 jɪrz, ˈstɑrɪŋ ɪn ə wən ˈwʊmən ʃoʊ, ənd əv kɔrs hər ˈgraʊnˌbreɪkɪŋ pərˈfɔrməns ɪn trænˈspɛrənt. ˈʤudɪθ sɪts daʊn wɪθ gɛst ˌkɔrəˈspɑndənt kiθ ˈpɑwɛl tɪ dɪˈskəs hər wərk ɔn trænˈspɛrənt, ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ʤɪl ˈsoʊloʊˌweɪ, ənd ðə ˈfeɪməs ˈkɔrˌtrum sin ɔn wən laɪf tɪ lɪv ðət lɔnʧt hər kərɪr. ju kən wɔʧ trænˈspɛrənt ɔn ˈæməˌzɑn ənd faɪnd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt hər wən ˈwʊmən pleɪ hir. ðə outshot*: nɔˈstælʤə ənd ˈɛvriˌbɑdi wɔnts səm ˈʤɛsi tɔks əˈbaʊt ˈrɪʧərd ˈɛvriˌbɑdi wɔnts səm ɛz ə rɪˈflɛkʃən əv ðə nəˈsɛsɪti fər ˈpipəl tɪ fɔl ˈɪntu spɛlz əv nɔˈstælʤə, ˈivɪn ɪf ʤɪst fər 90 ˈmɪnəts. |
us whistleblower edward snowden. julian claimed to be assisting him from the ecuador embassy in london news said police gather intelligence on visitors and that the british government has spent almost $10 million on surveillance of the embassy lest he ever dare to leave the small building, close to harrods in knightsbridge. if he does leave, he faces immediate extradition to sweden, where he is wanted for questioning over alleged sexual misconduct involving two women for which he is yet to be charged after four years. he dismisses it as a trumped-up, politically driven distraction from the main game: the united states, where vice-president joe biden has called him a “high-tech terrorist”. michael ratner,’s us legal representative, told the news conference that his client, if extradited to the us, could face similar treatment to chelsea manning, the us soldier formerly called bradley serving a sentence for leaking classified documents to. could be punished with solitary confinement and held in underground cells, ratner said. but said the second anniversary of his asylum at the embassy would be marked by a release of documents by “in the field of international negotiations” and extending to 50 countries. he would not elaborate. the message was to stay tuned.
julian said former foreign affairs minister bob carr lied about the level of consular assistance offered to the founder. rae in another plug he said: “you will see that has turned into a security document search service, now with more than eight million documents instantly if you go to search.wikileaks.org.” remains hands-on while confined. “the situation does create certain difficulties. on the other hand, unlike other national security reporters, i am in an effective jurisdiction where i cannot be subpoenaed; there cannot be any police knocks in the night or in the day... “if you look at the situation of getting edward snowden out of hong kong and trying to manage that from an embassy under extensive surveillance in the largest intelligence manhunt the world has ever seen, you can understand that securing communications between here and hong kong in such circumstances is on the very edge of what state-of-the-art is. and we are proud that our techniques were successful in that instance and we are developing systems to allow others to use them more broadly.” said he kept close contact with the legal team for snowden, who has been granted asylum in russia. but he refused to say whether he is in direct contact with snowden due to the “security situation”.
assange claimed he was punished for helping snowden. british foreign secretary william hague had agreed to a working group on’s case after meeting foreign minister last year, but: “following our involvement in gaining edward snowden asylum my involvement the united kingdom unilaterally cancelled that working group.” a british foreign office spokesman was quoted saying: “we have neither cancelled nor suspended our working group with the ecuadorian authorities, but remain as committed as ever to reaching a diplomatic solution to this situation. as ever, we look to ecuador to help bring mr's difficult, and costly, residence to an end.” next week’s lawyers will lodge a challenge in sweden against the extradition case. australian lawyer jennifer robinson, on the conference call, said the case was based on “new information gathered in sweden” but she declined to give details.’s lawyers say they have invited the swedish prosecutor four times to come and question him at the embassy, but the offer has been refused. even if that warrant was dismissed, “i still have the larger problem”. the us, he said, could send extradition warrants “sealed” and “secret” to britain, or it could send a preliminary extradition request without paperwork and worry about those details 40 days later. the british police had “instructions to arrest me even if i was in a diplomatic car, even if i had diplomatic immunity”, and the police units involved included the counterterrorism command and the covert squad. they were treating him as a security threat, not as the subject of a normal extradition request.
assange called on us eric holder to halt a federal grand jury investigation of him and. “it is against the stated principles of the united states and i believe the values supported by its people, to have a four-year criminal investigation against a publisher,” said. “the ongoing existence of that investigation produces a chilling effect, not just on internet based publishers, but all publishers.” advised barack obama to reflect on his legacy or be remembered as the us president who conducted “more espionage investigations against journalists than all presidents going back to 1917 and the original issuance of the espionage act”. on the former australian labor foreign minister, said: “bob carr has admitted in his biography that he lied to the australian public in saying that i had had more consular assistance in equivalent time than any other australian. he admits to lying and says that he did it he lied to quote, ‘needle me’.” for the computer-illiterate, helpfully added: “and you can find reference to that if you search the internet for ‘bob carr’, ‘assange’ and ‘needle’.” or you could read mr book, in which he indeed said he wanted to needle’s “self-righteousness”.
after the big bangs of the manning and snowden release of classified files, is still relevant? replies: “if the question is, have we this year produced a leak that involved every single country in the world and more than 350 million words in the case of and subsequently inspired changes of governments across the middle east the answer is no. but a tall ask to reach such a standard every year.” | ˈjuˈɛs ˈwɪsəlˌbloʊər ˈɛdwərd sˈnoʊdən. ˈʤuljən kleɪmd tɪ bi əˈsɪstɪŋ ɪm frəm ðə ˈɛkwəˌdɔr ˈɛmbəsi ɪn ˈləndən nuz sɛd pəˈlis ˈgæðər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ɔn ˈvɪzɪtərz ənd ðət ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt həz spɛnt ˈɔlˌmoʊst 10 ˈmɪljən ɔn sərˈveɪləns əv ðə ˈɛmbəsi lɛst hi ˈɛvər dɛr tɪ liv ðə smɔl ˈbɪldɪŋ, kloʊz tɪ ˈhɛrədz ɪn knightsbridge*. ɪf hi dɪz liv, hi ˈfeɪsɪz ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˌɛkstrəˈdɪʃən tɪ sˈwidən, wɛr hi ɪz ˈwɔntɪd fər kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ˈoʊvər əˈlɛʤd ˈsɛkʃuəl mɪˈskɑndəkt ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ tu ˈwɪmən fər wɪʧ hi ɪz jɛt tɪ bi ʧɑrʤd ˈæftər fɔr jɪrz. hi dɪsˈmɪsɪz ɪt ɛz ə trumped-up*, ˈplɪtɪkli ˈdrɪvən dɪˈstrækʃən frəm ðə meɪn geɪm: ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, wɛr ˈvaɪˈsprɛzədənt ʤoʊ ˈbaɪdən həz kɔld ɪm ə terrorist”*”. ˈmaɪkəl ˈrætnər, ˈjuˈɛs ˈligəl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv, toʊld ðə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns ðət hɪz klaɪənt, ɪf ˈɛkstrəˌdaɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs, kʊd feɪs ˈsɪmələr ˈtritmənt tɪ ˈʧɛlsi ˈmænɪŋ, ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈsoʊlʤər ˈfɔrmərli kɔld ˈbrædli ˈsərvɪŋ ə ˈsɛntəns fər ˈlikɪŋ ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˈdɑkjəmənts tɪ. kʊd bi ˈpənɪʃt wɪθ ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt ənd hɛld ɪn ˈəndərˌgraʊnd sɛlz, ˈrætnər sɛd. bət sɛd ðə ˈsɛkənd ˌænəˈvərsəri əv hɪz əˈsaɪləm æt ðə ˈɛmbəsi wʊd bi mɑrkt baɪ ə riˈlis əv ˈdɑkjəmənts baɪ ðə fild əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl negotiations”*” ənd ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ tɪ 50 ˈkəntriz. hi wʊd nɑt ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt. ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ wɑz tɪ steɪ tund. ˈʤuljən sɛd ˈfɔrmər ˈfɔrən əˈfɛrz ˈmɪnɪstər bɑb kɑr laɪd əˈbaʊt ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˈkɑnsələr əˈsɪstəns ˈɔfərd tɪ ðə ˈfaʊndər. reɪ ɪn əˈnəðər pləg hi sɛd: wɪl si ðət həz tərnd ˈɪntu ə sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈdɑkjəmɛnt sərʧ ˈsərvɪs, naʊ wɪθ mɔr ðən eɪt ˈmɪljən ˈdɑkjəmənts ˈɪnstəntli ɪf ju goʊ tɪ search.wikileaks.org.”*.” rɪˈmeɪnz ˌhænˈzɔn waɪl kənˈfaɪnd. ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən dɪz kriˈeɪt ˈsərtən ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ənˈlaɪk ˈəðər ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti rɪˈpɔrtərz, aɪ æm ɪn ən ˈifɛktɪv ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən wɛr aɪ ˈkænɑt bi səˈpinəd; ðɛr ˈkænɑt bi ˈɛni pəˈlis nɑks ɪn ðə naɪt ər ɪn ðə deɪ... ju lʊk æt ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən əv ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɛdwərd sˈnoʊdən aʊt əv hɔŋ kɔŋg ənd traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ðət frəm ən ˈɛmbəsi ˈəndər ɪkˈstɛnsɪv sərˈveɪləns ɪn ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈmænˌhənt ðə wərld həz ˈɛvər sin, ju kən ˌəndərˈstænd ðət sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz bɪtˈwin hir ənd hɔŋ kɔŋg ɪn səʧ ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ɪz ɔn ðə ˈvɛri ɛʤ əv wət ˌsteɪtəvðɪˈɑrt ɪz. ənd wi ər praʊd ðət ɑr tɛkˈniks wər səkˈsɛsfəl ɪn ðət ˈɪnstəns ənd wi ər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈsɪstəmz tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈəðərz tɪ juz ðɛm mɔr broadly.”*.” sɛd hi kɛpt kloʊz ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðə ˈligəl tim fər sˈnoʊdən, hu həz bɪn ˈgrænɪd əˈsaɪləm ɪn ˈrəʃə. bət hi rɪfˈjuzd tɪ seɪ ˈwɛðər hi ɪz ɪn dɪˈrɛkt ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ sˈnoʊdən du tɪ ðə situation”*”. kleɪmd hi wɑz ˈpənɪʃt fər ˈhɛlpɪŋ sˈnoʊdən. ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈfɔrən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈwɪljəm heɪg hæd əˈgrid tɪ ə ˈwərkɪŋ grup ɔn keɪs ˈæftər ˈmitɪŋ ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər læst jɪr, bət: ɑr ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ˈgeɪnɪŋ ˈɛdwərd sˈnoʊdən əˈsaɪləm maɪ ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm ˌjunəˈlætərəli ˈkænsəld ðət ˈwərkɪŋ group.”*.” ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈfɔrən ˈɔfəs ˈspoʊksmən wɑz kˈwoʊtɪd seɪɪŋ: hæv ˈniðər ˈkænsəld nɔr səˈspɛndɪd ɑr ˈwərkɪŋ grup wɪθ ðə ˌɛkwəˈdɔriən əˈθɔrətiz, bət rɪˈmeɪn ɛz kəˈmɪtɪd ɛz ˈɛvər tɪ ˈriʧɪŋ ə ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk səˈluʃən tɪ ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ɛz ˈɛvər, wi lʊk tɪ ˈɛkwəˌdɔr tɪ hɛlp brɪŋ ˈmɪstər ˈdɪfəkəlt, ənd ˈkɔstli, ˈrɛzɪdəns tɪ ən end.”*.” nɛkst wik ˈlɔjərz wɪl lɑʤ ə ˈʧælənʤ ɪn sˈwidən əˈgɛnst ðə ˌɛkstrəˈdɪʃən keɪs. ɔˈstreɪljən ˈlɔjər ˈʤɛnəfər ˈrɑbənsən, ɔn ðə ˈkɑnfərəns kɔl, sɛd ðə keɪs wɑz beɪst ɔn ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈgæðərd ɪn sweden”*” bət ʃi dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ gɪv ˈditeɪlz. ˈlɔjərz seɪ ðeɪ hæv ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ðə sˈwidɪʃ ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər fɔr taɪmz tɪ kəm ənd kˈwɛʃən ɪm æt ðə ˈɛmbəsi, bət ðə ˈɔfər həz bɪn rɪfˈjuzd. ˈivɪn ɪf ðət ˈwɔrənt wɑz dɪsˈmɪst, stɪl hæv ðə ˈlɑrʤər problem”*”. ðə ˈjuˈɛs, hi sɛd, kʊd sɛnd ˌɛkstrəˈdɪʃən ˈwɔrənts ““sealed”*” ənd ““secret”*” tɪ ˈbrɪtən, ər ɪt kʊd sɛnd ə prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˌɛkstrəˈdɪʃən rɪkˈwɛst wɪˈθaʊt ˈpeɪpərˌwərk ənd ˈwəri əˈbaʊt ðoʊz ˈditeɪlz 40 deɪz ˈleɪtər. ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ pəˈlis hæd tɪ ərˈɛst mi ˈivɪn ɪf aɪ wɑz ɪn ə ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk kɑr, ˈivɪn ɪf aɪ hæd ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk immunity”*”, ənd ðə pəˈlis ˈjunɪts ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə ˈkaʊntərˌtɛrərˌɪzəm kəˈmænd ənd ðə ˈkoʊvərt skwɑd. ðeɪ wər ˈtritɪŋ ɪm ɛz ə sɪˈkjʊrəti θrɛt, nɑt ɛz ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ə ˈnɔrməl ˌɛkstrəˈdɪʃən rɪkˈwɛst. kɔld ɔn ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛrɪk ˈhoʊldər tɪ hɔlt ə ˈfɛdərəl grænd ˈʤʊri ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əv ɪm ənd. ɪz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈsteɪtɪd ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd aɪ bɪˈliv ðə ˈvæljuz səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ɪts ˈpipəl, tɪ hæv ə ˌfɔˈrjɪr ˈkrɪmənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əˈgɛnst ə publisher,”*,” sɛd. ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ðət ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən prəˈdusɪz ə ˈʧɪlɪŋ ˈifɛkt, nɑt ʤɪst ɔn ˈɪntərˌnɛt beɪst ˈpəblɪʃərz, bət ɔl publishers.”*.” ədˈvaɪzd ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə tɪ rɪˈflɛkt ɔn hɪz ˈlɛgəsi ər bi rɪˈmɛmbərd ɛz ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt hu kənˈdəktəd ˈɛspiənɑʤ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ˈʤərnəlɪsts ðən ɔl ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts goʊɪŋ bæk tɪ 1917 ənd ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɪʃuəns əv ðə ˈɛspiənɑʤ act”*”. ɔn ðə ˈfɔrmər ɔˈstreɪljən ˈleɪbər ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər, sɛd: kɑr həz ədˈmɪtəd ɪn hɪz baɪˈɑgrəfi ðət hi laɪd tɪ ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈpəblɪk ɪn seɪɪŋ ðət aɪ hæd hæd mɔr ˈkɑnsələr əˈsɪstəns ɪn ɪkˈwɪvələnt taɪm ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər ɔˈstreɪljən. hi ədˈmɪts tɪ laɪɪŋ ənd sɪz ðət hi dɪd ɪt hi laɪd tɪ kwoʊt, me’.”*’.” fər ðə computer-illiterate*, ˈhɛlpfəli ˈædɪd: ju kən faɪnd ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ðət ɪf ju sərʧ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt fər carr’*’, ‘‘assange’*’ ənd ‘‘needle’.”*’.” ər ju kʊd rɛd ˈmɪstər bʊk, ɪn wɪʧ hi ˌɪnˈdid sɛd hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˈnidəl ““self-righteousness”*”. ˈæftər ðə bɪg bæŋz əv ðə ˈmænɪŋ ənd sˈnoʊdən riˈlis əv ˈklæsəˌfaɪd faɪlz, ɪz stɪl ˈrɛləvənt? rɪˈplaɪz: ðə kˈwɛʃən ɪz, hæv wi ðɪs jɪr prəˈdust ə lik ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl ˈkəntri ɪn ðə wərld ənd mɔr ðən 350 ˈmɪljən wərdz ɪn ðə keɪs əv ənd ˈsəbsəkwəntli ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əv ˈgəvərnmənts əˈkrɔs ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ðə ˈænsər ɪz noʊ. bət ə tɔl æsk tɪ riʧ səʧ ə ˈstændərd ˈɛvəri year.”*.” |
how much are you willing to give up to keep your monsters out of the graveyard? rafael answered this question with the soul charge spell card, and come april you can use it to put yourself to the test!
soul charge is simple: give up your battle phase, target any number of monsters in your graveyard, special summon them, and lose 1000 life points for each monster you special summon. hidden in soul simplicity is tremendous power. nearly any deck can use it, and it can create huge plays and turnaround all on its own… if you can pay the price!
in the original yu-gi-oh! series, rafael activated soul charge in his second duel against the pharaoh to special summon guardian elma, guardian kay’est, and backup from his graveyard. by doing so, rafael emptied his graveyard of all monsters and cleared the darkness from his heart, making himself immune to the effects of the seal of orichalcos.
although you probably use soul charge to escape the seal of orichalcos, you will be able to use soul charge to gain a dominating lead in your duels. during the course of a duel, gradually destroy each others’ monsters to gain the upper hand. soul charge throws a wrench into the best laid plans of your opponent by bringing back all of your monsters at once! losing 1000 life points per monster and the battle phase is a hefty cost of doing business, but well worth it when you can do things like…
special summon fire fist monsters like brotherhood of the fire fist bear and brotherhood of the fire fist gorilla, activate their effects, then combine them to summon a powerful rank 4 monster like brotherhood of the fire fist tiger king or number 101: silent honor ark.
and activate their effects, then combine them to summon a powerful rank 4 monster like or bring back your level 7 like and , then summon a rank 7 monster such as , phantom beast , or number 11: big eye .
and , then summon a rank 7 monster such as , , or . special summon all of your ladies and quickly summon’s pet dragon or lightning . no hysteric party ? no problem!
or . no ? no problem! special summon gladiator beast and another gladiator beast from your graveyard then fuse them into gladiator beast .
and another gladiator beast from your graveyard then fuse them into . pull back a tuner, non-tuner, or both for a synchro summon. losing 2000 life points to pull off a black rose dragon or of the dragons is often a bargain!
or is often a bargain! retrieve your monsters from the graveyard to summon gear x or other powerful monsters. you can even play it to get backrmor and immediately flip it face-down.
or other powerful monsters. you can even play it to get back and immediately flip it face-down. revive yamato to restart your strategy if things go south.
to restart your strategy if things go south. retrieve a pair of noble knights, or even just noble knight medraut, and go crazy!
soul charge is an incredible card sure to find its place in many different decks. you can pick it up after the release of dragons of legend on april! | haʊ məʧ ər ju ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ gɪv əp tɪ kip jʊr ˈmɑnstərz aʊt əv ðə ˈgreɪvˌjɑrd? ˌrɑfaɪˈɛl ˈænsərd ðɪs kˈwɛʃən wɪθ ðə soʊl ʧɑrʤ spɛl kɑrd, ənd kəm ˈeɪprəl ju kən juz ɪt tɪ pʊt ˈjɔrsɛlf tɪ ðə tɛst! soʊl ʧɑrʤ ɪz ˈsɪmpəl: gɪv əp jʊr ˈbætəl feɪz, ˈtərgət ˈɛni ˈnəmbər əv ˈmɑnstərz ɪn jʊr ˈgreɪvˌjɑrd, ˈspɛʃəl ˈsəmən ðɛm, ənd luz 1000 laɪf pɔɪnts fər iʧ ˈmɑnstər ju ˈspɛʃəl ˈsəmən. ˈhɪdən ɪn soʊl sɪmˈplɪsɪti ɪz trɪˈmɛndəs paʊər. ˈnɪrli ˈɛni dɛk kən juz ɪt, ənd ɪt kən kriˈeɪt juʤ pleɪz ənd ˈtərnərˌaʊnd ɔl ɔn ɪts own…*… ɪf ju kən peɪ ðə praɪs! ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl yu-gi-oh*! ˈsɪriz, ˌrɑfaɪˈɛl ˈæktɪˌveɪtɪd soʊl ʧɑrʤ ɪn hɪz ˈsɛkənd duəl əˈgɛnst ðə ˈfɛroʊ tɪ ˈspɛʃəl ˈsəmən ˈgɑrdiən ˈɛlmə, ˈgɑrdiən kay’est*, ənd ˈbæˌkəp frəm hɪz ˈgreɪvˌjɑrd. baɪ duɪŋ soʊ, ˌrɑfaɪˈɛl ˈɛmtid hɪz ˈgreɪvˌjɑrd əv ɔl ˈmɑnstərz ənd klɪrd ðə ˈdɑrknəs frəm hɪz hɑrt, ˈmeɪkɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf ˌɪmˈjun tɪ ðə ˈifɛkts əv ðə sil əv orichalcos*. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ju ˈprɑbəˌbli juz soʊl ʧɑrʤ tɪ ɪˈskeɪp ðə sil əv orichalcos*, ju wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ juz soʊl ʧɑrʤ tɪ geɪn ə ˈdɑməˌneɪtɪŋ lɛd ɪn jʊr duəlz. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kɔrs əv ə duəl, ˈgræʤuəli dɪˈstrɔɪ iʧ others’*’ ˈmɑnstərz tɪ geɪn ðə ˈəpər hænd. soʊl ʧɑrʤ θroʊz ə rɛnʧ ˈɪntu ðə bɛst leɪd plænz əv jʊr əˈpoʊnənt baɪ ˈbrɪŋɪŋ bæk ɔl əv jʊr ˈmɑnstərz æt wəns! ˈluzɪŋ 1000 laɪf pɔɪnts pər ˈmɑnstər ənd ðə ˈbætəl feɪz ɪz ə ˈhɛfti kɔst əv duɪŋ ˈbɪznɪs, bət wɛl wərθ ɪt wɪn ju kən du θɪŋz like…*… ˈspɛʃəl ˈsəmən faɪər fɪst ˈmɑnstərz laɪk ˈbrəðərˌhʊd əv ðə faɪər fɪst bɛr ənd ˈbrəðərˌhʊd əv ðə faɪər fɪst gərˈɪlə, ˈæktəˌveɪt ðɛr ˈifɛkts, ðɛn ˈkɑmbaɪn ðɛm tɪ ˈsəmən ə ˈpaʊərfəl ræŋk 4 ˈmɑnstər laɪk ˈbrəðərˌhʊd əv ðə faɪər fɪst ˈtaɪgər kɪŋ ər ˈnəmbər 101 ˈsaɪlənt ˈɑnər ɑrk. ənd ˈæktəˌveɪt ðɛr ˈifɛkts, ðɛn ˈkɑmbaɪn ðɛm tɪ ˈsəmən ə ˈpaʊərfəl ræŋk 4 ˈmɑnstər laɪk ər brɪŋ bæk jʊr ˈlɛvəl 7 laɪk ənd ðɛn ˈsəmən ə ræŋk 7 ˈmɑnstər səʧ ɛz ˈfænəm bist ər ˈnəmbər 11 bɪg aɪ ənd ðɛn ˈsəmən ə ræŋk 7 ˈmɑnstər səʧ ɛz ər ˈspɛʃəl ˈsəmən ɔl əv jʊr ˈleɪdiz ənd kˈwɪkli ˈsəmən pɛt ˈdrægən ər ˈlaɪtnɪŋ noʊ ˌhɪˈstɛrɪk ˈpɑrti noʊ ˈprɑbləm! ər noʊ noʊ ˈprɑbləm! ˈspɛʃəl ˈsəmən ˈglædiˌeɪtər bist ənd əˈnəðər ˈglædiˌeɪtər bist frəm jʊr ˈgreɪvˌjɑrd ðɛn fjuz ðɛm ˈɪntu ˈglædiˌeɪtər bist ənd əˈnəðər ˈglædiˌeɪtər bist frəm jʊr ˈgreɪvˌjɑrd ðɛn fjuz ðɛm ˈɪntu pʊl bæk ə ˈtunər, non-tuner*, ər boʊθ fər ə ˈsɪŋkroʊ ˈsəmən. ˈluzɪŋ 2000 laɪf pɔɪnts tɪ pʊl ɔf ə blæk roʊz ˈdrægən ər əv ðə ˈdrægənz ɪz ˈɔfən ə ˈbɑrgɪn! ər ɪz ˈɔfən ə ˈbɑrgɪn! rɪˈtriv jʊr ˈmɑnstərz frəm ðə ˈgreɪvˌjɑrd tɪ ˈsəmən gɪr ɛks ər ˈəðər ˈpaʊərfəl ˈmɑnstərz. ju kən ˈivɪn pleɪ ɪt tɪ gɪt bæk ənd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli flɪp ɪt face-down*. ər ˈəðər ˈpaʊərfəl ˈmɑnstərz. ju kən ˈivɪn pleɪ ɪt tɪ gɪt bæk ənd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli flɪp ɪt face-down*. rɪˈvaɪv jɑˈmɑtoʊ tɪ riˈstɑrt jʊr ˈstrætəʤi ɪf θɪŋz goʊ saʊθ. tɪ riˈstɑrt jʊr ˈstrætəʤi ɪf θɪŋz goʊ saʊθ. rɪˈtriv ə pɛr əv ˈnoʊbəl naɪts, ər ˈivɪn ʤɪst ˈnoʊbəl naɪt medraut*, ənd goʊ ˈkreɪzi! soʊl ʧɑrʤ ɪz ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl kɑrd ʃʊr tɪ faɪnd ɪts pleɪs ɪn ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt dɛks. ju kən pɪk ɪt əp ˈæftər ðə riˈlis əv ˈdrægənz əv ˈlɛʤənd ɔn ˈeɪprəl! |
stack traces in
june 20, 2014 - tagged as: haskell,,,, en.
i’m about to finish the first part of my project and as a part of my project i have implemented stack traces for. currently functions should work in, except for some cases i explain below.
as a demo, i set up this page, it runs the haskell program rendered on the page (some part of the code is copied from simon “why i get stack traces?” presentation). output is printed to the console. you should be seeing something like this:
my main goal is to implement profiling features of (cost-centres, annotations, reporting etc.) for. it turns out that stacks and call stacks are same thing..currentcallstack returns the current stack, and cost attribution is done to current current stack, since exactly the same thing). similarly,.whocreated returns the cost centre stack that was active when the heap object was created.
20 changed files with 810 additions and 527 deletions later, i had working. you need to do anything different once merged into, but for now it requires some effort to install. it also still has some bugs and differences from version. rest of the post explains how to test it, bugs, and differences from.
how to use
because of a horrible bugs section), you need a system to use profiling features of. you should clone my fork of and. for, switch to 3 represents how many times i started from scratch :) and for switch to branch. you need to install modified cabal for. after installing cabal, install and run-boot -q . this takes about 20 minutes on my system and compiles base and some other libraries. is used to generate profiled versions of libraries.
after has been booted, replace folder with my fork of(make sure you switched to branch). now you should be able to compile and run programs with profiling options of. for example, to compile and run the example program given above, run and then run generated using nodejs. enabling profiling gives you a debug executable, with more (object names) and longer (non-renamed) variable names.
differences
because represents some objects as numbers and currently we associate anys with this type of objects, returns an empty list. if demand, we can disable with a command line switch and on these values would work. in the example program, second and third lines are printing empty lists because of this.
bugs
currently we discovered two bugs:
there’s a horrible bug happening outside of code, see my blog post and-devs mail. because of this bug, booting with profiling enabled is resulting with a on systems. developing this project on a vm, running on a :) i need to make some more progress before tracking this bug. having a bug that makes stack traces sometimes a bit different than the ones generated by compiled programs. for example, the example program should have printed this stack trace:.\)).\.\).\))).(...))))) (<entire-module>) .. but calls are missing in output. i have no idea what could be the reason for this and currently working to fix this. after fixing this, i think have exactly same stack traces as the ones produced by compiled programs.
acknowledgement
i’d like to thank my mentor stegeman for answering my endless questions, helping me understanding and and reviewing this blog post. | stæk ˈtreɪsɪz ɪn ʤun 20 2014 tægd ɛz: ˈhæskəl,,,, ɛn. əˈbaʊt tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ ðə fərst pɑrt əv maɪ ˈprɑʤɛkt ənd ɛz ə pɑrt əv maɪ ˈprɑʤɛkt aɪ hæv ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd stæk ˈtreɪsɪz fər. ˈkərəntli ˈfəŋkʃənz ʃʊd wərk ɪn, ɪkˈsɛpt fər səm ˈkeɪsɪz aɪ ɪkˈspleɪn bɪˈloʊ. ɛz ə ˈdɛmoʊ, aɪ sɛt əp ðɪs peɪʤ, ɪt rənz ðə ˈhæskəl ˈproʊˌgræm ˈrɛndərd ɔn ðə peɪʤ (səm pɑrt əv ðə koʊd ɪz ˈkɑpid frəm ˈsaɪmən aɪ gɪt stæk traces?”*?” ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən). ˈaʊtˌpʊt ɪz ˈprɪnɪd tɪ ðə ˈkɑnsoʊl. ju ʃʊd bi siɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðɪs: maɪ meɪn goʊl ɪz tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ˈproʊˌfaɪlɪŋ ˈfiʧərz əv (cost-centres*, ˌænəˈteɪʃənz, rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) fər. ɪt tərnz aʊt ðət stæks ənd kɔl stæks ər seɪm θɪŋ. rɪˈtərnz ðə ˈkɑrənt stæk, ənd kɔst ˌætrɪˈbjuʃən ɪz dən tɪ ˈkɑrənt ˈkɑrənt stæk, sɪns ɪgˈzæktli ðə seɪm θɪŋ). ˈsɪmələrli, rɪˈtərnz ðə kɔst ˈsɛntər stæk ðət wɑz ˈæktɪv wɪn ðə hip ˈɑbʤɛkt wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd. 20 ʧeɪnʤd faɪlz wɪθ 810 əˈdɪʃənz ənd 527 dɪˈliʃənz ˈleɪtər, aɪ hæd ˈwərkɪŋ. ju nid tɪ du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt wəns mərʤd ˈɪntu, bət fər naʊ ɪt rikˈwaɪərz səm ˈɛfərt tɪ ˌɪnˈstɔl. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ stɪl həz səm bəgz ənd ˈdɪfərənsɪz frəm ˈvərʒən. rɛst əv ðə poʊst ɪkˈspleɪnz haʊ tɪ tɛst ɪt, bəgz, ənd ˈdɪfərənsɪz frəm. haʊ tɪ juz bɪˈkəz əv ə ˈhɔrəbəl bəgz ˈsɛkʃən), ju nid ə ˈsɪstəm tɪ juz ˈproʊˌfaɪlɪŋ ˈfiʧərz əv. ju ʃʊd kloʊn maɪ fɔrk əv ənd. fər, swɪʧ tɪ 3 ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts haʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd frəm skræʧ ənd fər swɪʧ tɪ brænʧ. ju nid tɪ ˌɪnˈstɔl ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd kəˈbɑl fər. ˈæftər ˌɪnˈstɔlɪŋ kəˈbɑl, ˌɪnˈstɔl ənd rən -kju ðɪs teɪks əˈbaʊt 20 ˈmɪnəts ɔn maɪ ˈsɪstəm ənd kəmˈpaɪlz beɪs ənd səm ˈəðər ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz. ɪz juzd tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ˈproʊˌfaɪld ˈvərʒənz əv ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz. ˈæftər həz bɪn ˈbutɪd, ˌriˈpleɪs ˈfoʊldər wɪθ maɪ fɔrk əv ʃʊr ju swɪʧt tɪ brænʧ). naʊ ju ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ kəmˈpaɪl ənd rən ˈproʊˌgræmz wɪθ ˈproʊˌfaɪlɪŋ ˈɔpʃənz əv. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, tɪ kəmˈpaɪl ənd rən ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈproʊˌgræm ˈgɪvɪn əˈbəv, rən ənd ðɛn rən ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ˈjuzɪŋ nodejs*. ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ˈproʊˌfaɪlɪŋ gɪvz ju ə diˈbəg executable*, wɪθ mɔr (ˈɑbʤɛkt neɪmz) ənd ˈlɔŋgər (non-renamed*) ˈvɛriəbəl neɪmz. ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪˈkəz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts səm ˈɑbʤɛkts ɛz ˈnəmbərz ənd ˈkərəntli wi əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt ˈɛni wɪθ ðɪs taɪp əv ˈɑbʤɛkts, rɪˈtərnz ən ˈɛmti lɪst. ɪf dɪˈmænd, wi kən dɪˈseɪbəl wɪθ ə kəˈmænd laɪn swɪʧ ənd ɔn ðiz ˈvæljuz wʊd wərk. ɪn ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈproʊˌgræm, ˈsɛkənd ənd θərd laɪnz ər ˈprɪnɪŋ ˈɛmti lɪsts bɪˈkəz əv ðɪs. bəgz ˈkərəntli wi dɪˈskəvərd tu bəgz: ə ˈhɔrəbəl bəg ˈhæpənɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv koʊd, si maɪ blɔg poʊst ənd meɪl. bɪˈkəz əv ðɪs bəg, ˈbutɪŋ wɪθ ˈproʊˌfaɪlɪŋ ɪˈneɪbəld ɪz rɪˈzəltɪŋ wɪθ ə ɔn ˈsɪstəmz. dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt ɔn ə vm*, ˈrənɪŋ ɔn ə aɪ nid tɪ meɪk səm mɔr ˈprɑˌgrɛs ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtrækɪŋ ðɪs bəg. ˈhævɪŋ ə bəg ðət meɪks stæk ˈtreɪsɪz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ə bɪt ˈdɪfərənt ðən ðə wənz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd baɪ kəmˈpaɪld ˈproʊˌgræmz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈproʊˌgræm ʃʊd hæv ˈprɪnɪd ðɪs stæk treɪs:.\.\.\.\.(...) (<entire-module*>) bət kɔlz ər ˈmɪsɪŋ ɪn ˈaʊtˌpʊt. aɪ hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə wət kʊd bi ðə ˈrizən fər ðɪs ənd ˈkərəntli ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ fɪks ðɪs. ˈæftər ˈfɪksɪŋ ðɪs, aɪ θɪŋk hæv ɪgˈzæktli seɪm stæk ˈtreɪsɪz ɛz ðə wənz prəˈdust baɪ kəmˈpaɪld ˈproʊˌgræmz. ækˈnɑlɪʤmənt laɪk tɪ θæŋk maɪ ˈmɛnˌtɔr ˈstigmən fər ˈænsərɪŋ maɪ ˈɛndləs kˈwɛsʧənz, ˈhɛlpɪŋ mi ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ənd ənd rivˈjuɪŋ ðɪs blɔg poʊst. |
having what someone else wants can go a long way especially if it's a major corporation that wants it.
when michigan resident diana hussein made a twitter account with the handle seven years ago, she didn't have any big plans for it. but when the brand asked if hussein would be willing to surrender it in exchange for free swag, she saw an opportunity in the timing.
"i wasn't sure what i was going to do at first," hussein told the detroit free press. "just about everyone i spoke to told me that i shouldn't just give them the handle. especially not just for 'swag.'"
hussein learned that the dr pepper snapple group also owned the deja blue water brand and told the company she'd be willing to trade her handle for a donation to flint, michigan, to aid in the water crisis. the company's final offer? $5,000 dollars worth of water bottles or about of them.
hussein's new handle is @heyadiana, through which she continues to spread the word and encourage action.
while calls for michigan gov. rick snyder to resign persist and new reports reveal the origins of the water contamination, the city's residents are still struggling to find clean water just to drink and bathe in.
"when you hear about what they're having to do right now," hussein told the free press, "it doesn't seem like there could be enough water." | ˈhævɪŋ wət ˈsəmˌwən ɛls wɔnts kən goʊ ə lɔŋ weɪ əˈspɛʃəli ɪf ɪts ə ˈmeɪʤər ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən ðət wɔnts ɪt. wɪn ˈmɪʃɪgən ˈrɛzɪdənt daɪˈænə huˈseɪn meɪd ə tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnt wɪθ ðə ˈhændəl ˈsɛvən jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ʃi ˈdɪdənt hæv ˈɛni bɪg plænz fər ɪt. bət wɪn ðə brænd æst ɪf huˈseɪn wʊd bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ sərˈɛndər ɪt ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ fər fri swag*, ʃi sɔ ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti ɪn ðə ˈtaɪmɪŋ. "aɪ ˈwəzənt ʃʊr wət aɪ wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ du æt fərst," huˈseɪn toʊld ðə ˈdiˌtrɔɪt fri prɛs. "ʤɪst əˈbaʊt ˈɛvriˌwən aɪ spoʊk tɪ toʊld mi ðət aɪ ˈʃʊdənt ʤɪst gɪv ðɛm ðə ˈhændəl. əˈspɛʃəli nɑt ʤɪst fər 'swag*.'" huˈseɪn ˈlərnɪd ðət ðə ˈdɑktər ˈpɛpər sˈnæpəl grup ˈɔlsoʊ oʊnd ðə ˈdiʤə blu ˈwɔtər brænd ənd toʊld ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ʃid bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ treɪd hər ˈhændəl fər ə doʊˈneɪʃən tɪ flɪnt, ˈmɪʃɪgən, tɪ eɪd ɪn ðə ˈwɔtər ˈkraɪsəs. ðə ˈkəmpəniz ˈfaɪnəl ˈɔfər? ˈdɔlərz wərθ əv ˈwɔtər ˈbɑtəlz ər əˈbaʊt əv ðɛm. huˈseɪnz nu ˈhændəl ɪz @heyadiana*, θru wɪʧ ʃi kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ sprɛd ðə wərd ənd ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈækʃən. waɪl kɔlz fər ˈmɪʃɪgən gəv. rɪk sˈnaɪdər tɪ rɪˈzaɪn pərˈsɪst ənd nu rɪˈpɔrts rɪˈvil ðə ˈɔrəʤɪnz əv ðə ˈwɔtər kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən, ðə ˈsɪtiz ˈrɛzɪdənts ər stɪl ˈstrəgəlɪŋ tɪ faɪnd klin ˈwɔtər ʤɪst tɪ drɪŋk ənd beɪð ɪn. "wɪn ju hir əˈbaʊt wət ðɛr ˈhævɪŋ tɪ du raɪt naʊ," huˈseɪn toʊld ðə fri prɛs, "ɪt ˈdəzənt sim laɪk ðɛr kʊd bi ɪˈnəf ˈwɔtər." |
kuala lumpur - sitting in a court library surrounded by islamic law books, is polite and softly spoken as she describes the of her job.
when i'm on the bench, i'm not a woman, i'm not a man. i'm a judge., high court judge
one day she could be sentencing an offender to be caned for breaking islamic law, the next could see her giving a man permission to take a second wife.
islamic law enforcers are not often credited with being feminist pioneers, but judge fits both those descriptions.
she made history in malaysia last year when she was appointed one of the first two female high court judges in this nation. "syariah" is the malay spelling for the arabic word "sharia", meaning islamic law.
and the mother of three doesn't shy away from imposing the harshest punishments prescribed by islamic law.
"when i'm on the bench, i'm not a woman, i'm not a man. i'm a judge," she says. "i need to deal with the case fair and firm, to follow the law, no bias."
in malaysia, more women are pursuing careers in the islamic justice system, from judges and lawyers to court mediators.
under malaysia's court system, islamic law courts deal with family and morality cases involving muslims, such as consuming alcohol, gambling and polygamy, while secular courts hear criminal and many civil cases.
malaysia appointed its first two female judges in 2010.
now, 27 of the country's 160 islamic court judges are women.
rising female judges
"personally, i think it's not a question of gender," says mokhtar, the former chief judge in the state of who oversaw the appointment of judge and her colleague. "we are looking for the best people to administer justice."
we feel that it's extremely important for the courts to have a balance in terms of gender because a lot of the issues involve women. sheriff, sisters in islam group
other countries such as indonesia, pakistan and sudan also have female islamic law judges, however, some religious scholars argue that islamic law does not allow women to hold the position.
malaysia's national religious authorities issued a fatwa (religious edict) declaring that women could be judges in 2006.
but the country's top islamic court judge and of the national judiciary department, ibrahim lembut, said last year that some state religious councils continue to block their appointment.
shareena sheriff, from sisters in islam, a muslim women's advocacy group in kuala lumpur, says some states impose restrictions on the types of cases female judges can hear.
"i don't see why there should be a differentiation between the men and the women," she says.
while she welcomed the rise in female judges, especially the two high court appointments, says it is too early to tell whether the court's treatment of women has changed.
"even though the numbers have risen, the numbers relative to men are still very low," she says, pointing out that malaysia's secular court system also remains dominated by men.
"we feel that it's extremely important for the courts to have a balance in terms of gender because a lot of the issues involve women. so we need some level of balance in the way in which they deliver justice and also gender of the justice system."
women can put emotions aside
there are no restrictions on the cases judge hears in the state of. her weekly caseload can range from child custody to prostitution and polygamy.
even to be a court officer was quite difficult for women because they preferred men ... i needed to study two years more., high court judge
in malaysia, muslim men are allowed to marry up to four wives, but they must first obtain permission from the islamic law court.
when hearing such a case, judge says she verifies the husband's income to see if he can afford to take another wife and finds out whether the existing wife agrees.
"if the wife agrees and if the husband can afford it, i give permission," she tells al jazeera.
judge also hears "khalwat" cases, an islamic where unmarried men and women are found together in "close proximity".
she says in the most serious cases, she sentences offenders to six strokes of the cane, a ringgit fine ($1,166) and a jail term.
some critics have suggested that female judges may favour women, but judge denies being more sympathetic towards women.
"we can put our emotions aside," she says. "i have my empathy to them, i can put myself in their shoes, but not sympathy. i need to play my role as a judge, then make a decision on how they present their case."
changing perceptions of gender roles
judge is hopeful that the rising number of female judges will help change the perception that courts do no treat women fairly.
"the public perception said male judges must be biased to women. i hope after this, to the women who come before me, they must know there's no difference between a male judge or a female judge. the judge just does their job."
on the other side of the bench, more women are also working as lawyers.
the number of women registered with the lawyers association, a voluntary membership group, has increased by more than 200 in the last five years, and they now make up more than 40 percent of the group's members.
sa'adiah din was working as a lawyer in the secular courts when she first volunteered to do legal aid work 18 years ago.
she says she realised then that many muslim women appearing in the courts were unrepresented, so she began taking on more divorce cases.
"that was my turning point," says. "now, i'm in the court almost every day."
she says her female clients often find it less difficult to appear before a female judge and court officials.
"i believe now they find it easier to talk to a woman," she says.
at malaysian universities, islamic law courses are increasingly dominated by young women.
judge, who now sits on the court of appeal, says women are the top performing students in the classes he teaches at local institutions.
nur, 22, was one of four students completing an internship at the court in june. all but one were women.
she is studying both islamic and civil law at the international islamic university of malaysia, but has already decided to pursue a career in islamic law because she says civil law is "man-made law".
"most of the (islamic) laws have been said in our and the sunnah, so i prefer that," she says.
farhana may now have female role models, but when judge graduated in 1998, the prospect of being a judge seemed far-fetched.
not only had no woman ever been appointed to the bench in malaysia, but simply finding a job in the field was tough.
"even to be a court officer was quite difficult for women because they preferred men," she says. "i needed to study two years more."
after returning to university to complete a masters degree, she started working as a lawyer in a legal aid office before moving to the department.
now, she says, the justice system offers young women a good career path.
"to me, it was quite difficult to reach this position. i needed to compete with the male officers," she says. "but it's not about gender now, it's about your qualification." | kˈwɑlə ˌləmˈpʊr ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn ə kɔrt ˈlaɪbrɛˌri sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ bʊks, ɪz pəˈlaɪt ənd ˈsɔftli ˈspoʊkən ɛz ʃi dɪˈskraɪbz ðə əv hər ʤɑb. wɪn əm ɔn ðə bɛnʧ, əm nɑt ə ˈwʊmən, əm nɑt ə mæn. əm ə ʤəʤ., haɪ kɔrt ʤəʤ wən deɪ ʃi kʊd bi ˈsɛntənsɪŋ ən əˈfɛndər tɪ bi keɪnd fər ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ, ðə nɛkst kʊd si hər ˈgɪvɪŋ ə mæn pərˈmɪʃən tɪ teɪk ə ˈsɛkənd waɪf. ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsərz ər nɑt ˈɔfən ˈkrɛdɪtɪd wɪθ biɪŋ ˈfɛmənɪst ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz, bət ʤəʤ fɪts boʊθ ðoʊz dɪˈskrɪpʃənz. ʃi meɪd ˈhɪstəri ɪn məˈleɪʒə læst jɪr wɪn ʃi wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd wən əv ðə fərst tu ˈfiˌmeɪl haɪ kɔrt ˈʤəʤɪz ɪn ðɪs ˈneɪʃən. "syariah*" ɪz ðə ˈmeɪleɪ ˈspɛlɪŋ fər ðə ˈɛrəbɪk wərd "ˈʃɑriə", ˈminɪŋ ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ. ənd ðə ˈməðər əv θri ˈdəzənt ʃaɪ əˈweɪ frəm ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ ðə ˈhɑrʃəst ˈpənɪʃmənts priˈskraɪbd baɪ ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ. "wɪn əm ɔn ðə bɛnʧ, əm nɑt ə ˈwʊmən, əm nɑt ə mæn. əm ə ʤəʤ," ʃi sɪz. "aɪ nid tɪ dil wɪθ ðə keɪs fɛr ənd fərm, tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ðə lɔ, noʊ baɪəs." ɪn məˈleɪʒə, mɔr ˈwɪmən ər pərˈsuɪŋ kərɪrz ɪn ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm, frəm ˈʤəʤɪz ənd ˈlɔjərz tɪ kɔrt ˈmidiˌeɪtərz. ˈəndər məˈleɪʒəz kɔrt ˈsɪstəm, ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ kɔrts dil wɪθ ˈfæməli ənd ˌmɔˈræləˌti ˈkeɪsɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈməzlɪmz, səʧ ɛz kənˈsumɪŋ ˈælkəˌhɑl, ˈgæmbəlɪŋ ənd pəˈlɪgəˌmi, waɪl ˈsɛkjələr kɔrts hir ˈkrɪmənəl ənd ˈmɛni ˈsɪvəl ˈkeɪsɪz. məˈleɪʒə əˈpɔɪntɪd ɪts fərst tu ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈʤəʤɪz ɪn 2010 naʊ, 27 əv ðə ˈkəntriz 160 ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk kɔrt ˈʤəʤɪz ər ˈwɪmən. ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈʤəʤɪz "ˈpərsənəli, aɪ θɪŋk ɪts nɑt ə kˈwɛʃən əv ˈʤɛndər," sɪz mokhtar*, ðə ˈfɔrmər ʧif ʤəʤ ɪn ðə steɪt əv hu ˈoʊvərˌsɔ ðə əˈpɔɪntmənt əv ʤəʤ ənd hər ˈkɑlig. "wi ər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðə bɛst ˈpipəl tɪ ədˈmɪnɪstər ˈʤəstɪs." wi fil ðət ɪts ɪkˈstrimli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ðə kɔrts tɪ hæv ə ˈbæləns ɪn tərmz əv ˈʤɛndər bɪˈkəz ə lɔt əv ðə ˈɪʃuz ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈwɪmən. ˈʃɛrɪf, ˈsɪstərz ɪn ˌɪsˈlɑm grup ˈəðər ˈkəntriz səʧ ɛz ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə, ˈpækɪˌstæn ənd suˈdæn ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈfiˌmeɪl ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ ˈʤəʤɪz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, səm rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈskɑlərz ˈɑrgju ðət ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ dɪz nɑt əˈlaʊ ˈwɪmən tɪ hoʊld ðə pəˈzɪʃən. məˈleɪʒəz ˈnæʃənəl rɪˈlɪʤəs əˈθɔrətiz ˈɪʃud ə ˈfɑtwɑ (rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈidɪkt) dɪˈklɛrɪŋ ðət ˈwɪmən kʊd bi ˈʤəʤɪz ɪn 2006 bət ðə ˈkəntriz tɔp ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk kɔrt ʤəʤ ənd əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri dɪˈpɑrtmənt, ˌɪbrɑˈhim lembut*, sɛd læst jɪr ðət səm steɪt rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈkaʊnsɪlz kənˈtɪnju tɪ blɑk ðɛr əˈpɔɪntmənt. ˈʃɛrɪf, frəm ˈsɪstərz ɪn ˌɪsˈlɑm, ə ˈməzlɪm ˈwɪmənz ˈædvəkəsi grup ɪn kˈwɑlə ˌləmˈpʊr, sɪz səm steɪts ˌɪmˈpoʊz riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn ðə taɪps əv ˈkeɪsɪz ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈʤəʤɪz kən hir. "aɪ doʊnt si waɪ ðɛr ʃʊd bi ə ˌdɪfərˌɛnʧiˈeɪʃən bɪtˈwin ðə mɛn ənd ðə ˈwɪmən," ʃi sɪz. waɪl ʃi ˈwɛlkəmd ðə raɪz ɪn ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈʤəʤɪz, əˈspɛʃəli ðə tu haɪ kɔrt əˈpɔɪntmənts, sɪz ɪt ɪz tu ˈərli tɪ tɛl ˈwɛðər ðə kɔrts ˈtritmənt əv ˈwɪmən həz ʧeɪnʤd. "ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ˈnəmbərz hæv ˈrɪzən, ðə ˈnəmbərz ˈrɛlətɪv tɪ mɛn ər stɪl ˈvɛri loʊ," ʃi sɪz, ˈpɔɪntɪŋ aʊt ðət məˈleɪʒəz ˈsɛkjələr kɔrt ˈsɪstəm ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈmeɪnz ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ mɛn. "wi fil ðət ɪts ɪkˈstrimli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ðə kɔrts tɪ hæv ə ˈbæləns ɪn tərmz əv ˈʤɛndər bɪˈkəz ə lɔt əv ðə ˈɪʃuz ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈwɪmən. soʊ wi nid səm ˈlɛvəl əv ˈbæləns ɪn ðə weɪ ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈʤəstɪs ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈʤɛndər əv ðə ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm." ˈwɪmən kən pʊt ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz əˈsaɪd ðɛr ər noʊ riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn ðə ˈkeɪsɪz ʤəʤ hirz ɪn ðə steɪt əv. hər ˈwikli ˈkeɪsˌloʊd kən reɪnʤ frəm ʧaɪld ˈkəstədi tɪ ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən ənd pəˈlɪgəˌmi. ˈivɪn tɪ bi ə kɔrt ˈɔfɪsər wɑz kwaɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ˈwɪmən bɪˈkəz ðeɪ prɪˈfərd mɛn aɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ ˈstədi tu jɪrz mɔr., haɪ kɔrt ʤəʤ ɪn məˈleɪʒə, ˈməzlɪm mɛn ər əˈlaʊd tɪ ˈmɛri əp tɪ fɔr waɪvz, bət ðeɪ məst fərst əbˈteɪn pərˈmɪʃən frəm ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ kɔrt. wɪn ˈhirɪŋ səʧ ə keɪs, ʤəʤ sɪz ʃi ˈvɛrəˌfaɪz ðə ˈhəzbəndz ˈɪnˌkəm tɪ si ɪf hi kən əˈfɔrd tɪ teɪk əˈnəðər waɪf ənd faɪndz aʊt ˈwɛðər ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ waɪf əˈgriz. "ɪf ðə waɪf əˈgriz ənd ɪf ðə ˈhəzbənd kən əˈfɔrd ɪt, aɪ gɪv pərˈmɪʃən," ʃi tɛlz æl ʤəˈzirə. ʤəʤ ˈɔlsoʊ hirz "khalwat*" ˈkeɪsɪz, ən ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk wɛr ənˈmɛrid mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən ər faʊnd təˈgɛðər ɪn "kloʊz prɑkˈsɪməti". ʃi sɪz ɪn ðə moʊst ˈsɪriəs ˈkeɪsɪz, ʃi ˈsɛntənsɪz əˈfɛndərz tɪ sɪks stroʊks əv ðə keɪn, ə ˈrɪŋɪt faɪn ənd ə ʤeɪl tərm. səm ˈkrɪtɪks hæv səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈʤəʤɪz meɪ ˈfeɪvər ˈwɪmən, bət ʤəʤ dɪˈnaɪz biɪŋ mɔr ˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk təˈwɔrdz ˈwɪmən. "wi kən pʊt ɑr ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz əˈsaɪd," ʃi sɪz. "aɪ hæv maɪ ˈɛmpəθi tɪ ðɛm, aɪ kən pʊt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɪn ðɛr ʃuz, bət nɑt ˈsɪmpəθi. aɪ nid tɪ pleɪ maɪ roʊl ɛz ə ʤəʤ, ðɛn meɪk ə dɪˈsɪʒən ɔn haʊ ðeɪ ˈprɛzənt ðɛr keɪs." ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ pərˈsɛpʃənz əv ˈʤɛndər roʊlz ʤəʤ ɪz ˈhoʊpfəl ðət ðə ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈʤəʤɪz wɪl hɛlp ʧeɪnʤ ðə pərˈsɛpʃən ðət kɔrts du noʊ trit ˈwɪmən ˈfɛrli. "ðə ˈpəblɪk pərˈsɛpʃən sɛd meɪl ˈʤəʤɪz məst bi baɪəst tɪ ˈwɪmən. aɪ hoʊp ˈæftər ðɪs, tɪ ðə ˈwɪmən hu kəm ˌbiˈfɔr mi, ðeɪ məst noʊ ðɛrz noʊ ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ə meɪl ʤəʤ ər ə ˈfiˌmeɪl ʤəʤ. ðə ʤəʤ ʤɪst dɪz ðɛr ʤɑb." ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd əv ðə bɛnʧ, mɔr ˈwɪmən ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwərkɪŋ ɛz ˈlɔjərz. ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈwɪmən ˈrɛʤɪstərd wɪθ ðə ˈlɔjərz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ə ˈvɑləntɛri ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp grup, həz ˌɪnˈkrist baɪ mɔr ðən 200 ɪn ðə læst faɪv jɪrz, ənd ðeɪ naʊ meɪk əp mɔr ðən 40 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə grups ˈmɛmbərz. dɪn wɑz ˈwərkɪŋ ɛz ə ˈlɔjər ɪn ðə ˈsɛkjələr kɔrts wɪn ʃi fərst ˌvɑlənˈtɪrd tɪ du ˈligəl eɪd wərk 18 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ʃi sɪz ʃi ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðɛn ðət ˈmɛni ˈməzlɪm ˈwɪmən əˈpɪrɪŋ ɪn ðə kɔrts wər ənˌrɛprɪˈzɛntɪd, soʊ ʃi bɪˈgæn ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔn mɔr dɪˈvɔrs ˈkeɪsɪz. "ðət wɑz maɪ ˈtərnɪŋ pɔɪnt," sɪz. "naʊ, əm ɪn ðə kɔrt ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvəri deɪ." ʃi sɪz hər ˈfiˌmeɪl klaɪənts ˈɔfən faɪnd ɪt lɛs ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ əˈpɪr ˌbiˈfɔr ə ˈfiˌmeɪl ʤəʤ ənd kɔrt əˈfɪʃəlz. "aɪ bɪˈliv naʊ ðeɪ faɪnd ɪt ˈiziər tɪ tɔk tɪ ə ˈwʊmən," ʃi sɪz. æt məˈleɪʒən ˌjunəˈvərsətiz, ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ ˈkɔrsɪz ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ jəŋ ˈwɪmən. ʤəʤ, hu naʊ sɪts ɔn ðə kɔrt əv əˈpil, sɪz ˈwɪmən ər ðə tɔp pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ˈstudənts ɪn ðə ˈklæsɪz hi ˈtiʧɪz æt ˈloʊkəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz. nʊr, 22 wɑz wən əv fɔr ˈstudənts kəmˈplitɪŋ ən ˈɪntərnˌʃɪp æt ðə kɔrt ɪn ʤun. ɔl bət wən wər ˈwɪmən. ʃi ɪz ˈstədiɪŋ boʊθ ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ənd ˈsɪvəl lɔ æt ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv məˈleɪʒə, bət həz ɔˈrɛdi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ pərˈsu ə kərɪr ɪn ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ bɪˈkəz ʃi sɪz ˈsɪvəl lɔ ɪz "ˈmænˌmeɪd lɔ". "moʊst əv ðə (ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk) lɔz hæv bɪn sɛd ɪn ɑr ənd ðə sunnah*, soʊ aɪ prɪˈfər ðət," ʃi sɪz. meɪ naʊ hæv ˈfiˌmeɪl roʊl ˈmɑdəlz, bət wɪn ʤəʤ ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪd ɪn 1998 ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv biɪŋ ə ʤəʤ simd far-fetched*. nɑt ˈoʊnli hæd noʊ ˈwʊmən ˈɛvər bɪn əˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ðə bɛnʧ ɪn məˈleɪʒə, bət ˈsɪmpli ˈfaɪndɪŋ ə ʤɑb ɪn ðə fild wɑz təf. "ˈivɪn tɪ bi ə kɔrt ˈɔfɪsər wɑz kwaɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ˈwɪmən bɪˈkəz ðeɪ prɪˈfərd mɛn," ʃi sɪz. "aɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ ˈstədi tu jɪrz mɔr." ˈæftər rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ˌjunəˈvərsəti tɪ kəmˈplit ə ˈmæstərz dɪˈgri, ʃi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈwərkɪŋ ɛz ə ˈlɔjər ɪn ə ˈligəl eɪd ˈɔfəs ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmuvɪŋ tɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt. naʊ, ʃi sɪz, ðə ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm ˈɔfərz jəŋ ˈwɪmən ə gʊd kərɪr pæθ. "tɪ mi, ɪt wɑz kwaɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ riʧ ðɪs pəˈzɪʃən. aɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ kəmˈpit wɪθ ðə meɪl ˈɔfɪsərz," ʃi sɪz. "bət ɪts nɑt əˈbaʊt ˈʤɛndər naʊ, ɪts əˈbaʊt jʊr kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃən." |
in the spirit of day, donald trump handed justin trudeau the rose he coveted on monday in washington. like all roses, it comes with thorns. only time will tell whether those thorns matter more than the flower itself. until then, the first face-to-face meeting between the prime minister and his new counterpart in the white house can be said to have gone about as well as could be expected. not just because the two did not wrestle each other to the ground over the course of not one but two handshakes.
confronted with the contradictions in their approaches monday, the two leaders observed a tacit pact of non-aggression, writes chantal h�bert. ( mandel / images )
trudeau got what he most wanted in the shape of a statement straight from the mouth that when it comes to improving the american economy, trump mostly sees trade with canada as part of the solution. if the intense federal lobbying of the past few weeks has been about anything, it has been about driving home the point that on trade, the united states and canada benefit from being under a common umbrella. that could be important if and when nafta comes up for renegotiation as it could frame the u.s. outlook on the talks on less adversarial lines than many in canada feared.
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canadians with long memories might reflect on the irony that in another era, under a prime minister of the same last name, the interdependence of the two economies tended to be portrayed as an existential problem. now it is an ideal to preserve and protect with all the means at the disposal of a federal government. by a twist of electoral fate, trudeau has become the keeper of brian legacy. but at what cost down the road? since inauguration, the prime minister had to not let obviously deep differences on immigration and refugee policy poison the canada-u.s. trade well. that was always going to be easier to accomplish at a distance than in the physical proximity of a joint news conference. confronted with the contradictions in their approaches monday, the two leaders observed a tacit pact of non-aggression. trudeau stuck to his guns on the notion that syrian refugees are not by definition a security risk without sticking those guns overtly in the face of the president. even as trump promoted his travel ban on citizens of seven countries, he took a pass at an opportunity to link the measure to the security of the canada-u.s. border.
that may be for another day. for if there are thorns in bouquet of words they would be found in the section of an otherwise boilerplate joint communiqué that recommits the two countries to pursuing the harmonization of their border services.
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a bill currently making its way through parliament would give u.s. border agents new powers to question, search and even detain canadian citizens on canadian soil. existing arrangements already allow american border officials operating inside major airports under a agreement between the two countries to implement whatever version of travel ban finds favour with the u.s. justice system. then there is designation of the u.s. as a safe country for refugee purposes, a measure that prevents most people who land in the united states from applying for refugee status in this country. no one envisaged a travel ban at the time those measures were put in place. but if the president does stick with plans to selectively ban immigrants, refugees and visitors to the u.s. on the basis of their country of origin, it will be hard for trudeau to continue to look the other way and at the same time pretend that canada is leading by example by sticking to its principles. in any event, for now, many in this country particularly in corporate canada will take comfort in the notion that canada is not on the trump hit list. for his first face-to-face meeting with his new american counterpart, trudeau had brought along a gaggle of senior cabinet ministers and advisers. rarely has canada had as much face time on a single day with as many members of a rookie american administration. it would not have happened if trump had not wanted to play along. it might be best to the fragrance of the rose while it lasts!
read more about: | ɪn ðə ˈspɪrɪt əv deɪ, ˈdɑnəld trəmp ˈhændɪd ˈʤəstɪn truˈdoʊ ðə roʊz hi ˈkəvətɪd ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. laɪk ɔl ˈroʊzɪz, ɪt kəmz wɪθ θɔrnz. ˈoʊnli taɪm wɪl tɛl ˈwɛðər ðoʊz θɔrnz ˈmætər mɔr ðən ðə flaʊər ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ənˈtɪl ðɛn, ðə fərst ˈfeɪstuˈfeɪs ˈmitɪŋ bɪtˈwin ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ənd hɪz nu ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt ɪn ðə waɪt haʊs kən bi sɛd tɪ hæv gɔn əˈbaʊt ɛz wɛl ɛz kʊd bi ɪkˈspɛktɪd. nɑt ʤɪst bɪˈkəz ðə tu dɪd nɑt ˈrɛsəl iʧ ˈəðər tɪ ðə graʊnd ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv nɑt wən bət tu ˈhændˌʃeɪks. kənˈfrəntɪd wɪθ ðə ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkʃənz ɪn ðɛr əˈproʊʧɪz ˈmənˌdeɪ, ðə tu ˈlidərz əbˈzərvd ə ˈtæsɪt pækt əv non-aggression*, raɪts ˈʧæntəl h�bert*. ˈmændəl ˈɪmɪʤɪz truˈdoʊ gɑt wət hi moʊst ˈwɔntɪd ɪn ðə ʃeɪp əv ə ˈsteɪtmənt streɪt frəm ðə maʊθ ðət wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ɪˈkɑnəmi, trəmp ˈmoʊstli siz treɪd wɪθ ˈkænədə ɛz pɑrt əv ðə səˈluʃən. ɪf ðə ˌɪnˈtɛns ˈfɛdərəl ˈlɑbiɪŋ əv ðə pæst fju wiks həz bɪn əˈbaʊt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ɪt həz bɪn əˈbaʊt ˈdraɪvɪŋ hoʊm ðə pɔɪnt ðət ɔn treɪd, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈkænədə ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm biɪŋ ˈəndər ə ˈkɑmən ˈəmˌbrɛlə. ðət kʊd bi ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪf ənd wɪn ˈnæftə kəmz əp fər ˌrinɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ɛz ɪt kʊd freɪm ðə juz. ˈaʊˌtlʊk ɔn ðə tɔks ɔn lɛs ˌædvərˈsɛriəl laɪnz ðən ˈmɛni ɪn ˈkænədə fɪrd. ˈɑrtɪkəl kənˈtɪnjud bɪˈloʊ kəˈneɪdiənz wɪθ lɔŋ ˈmɛməriz maɪt rɪˈflɛkt ɔn ðə ˈaɪrəni ðət ɪn əˈnəðər ˈɪrə, ˈəndər ə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər əv ðə seɪm læst neɪm, ðə ˌɪntərdəˈpɛndəns əv ðə tu ɪˈkɑnəmiz ˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi pɔrˈtreɪd ɛz ən ˌɛgˌzɪˈstɛnʃəl ˈprɑbləm. naʊ ɪt ɪz ən aɪˈdil tɪ prɪˈzərv ənd prəˈtɛkt wɪθ ɔl ðə minz æt ðə dɪˈspoʊzəl əv ə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt. baɪ ə twɪst əv ɪˈlɛktərəl feɪt, truˈdoʊ həz bɪˈkəm ðə ˈkipər əv braɪən ˈlɛgəsi. bət æt wət kɔst daʊn ðə roʊd? sɪns ˌɪˌnɔgjəˈreɪʃən, ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər hæd tɪ nɑt lɛt ˈɑbviəsli dip ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɔn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ənd ˈrɛfjuʤi ˈpɑləsi ˈpɔɪzən ðə canada-u.s*. treɪd wɛl. ðət wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈiziər tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ æt ə ˈdɪstəns ðən ɪn ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl prɑkˈsɪməti əv ə ʤɔɪnt nuz ˈkɑnfərəns. kənˈfrəntɪd wɪθ ðə ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkʃənz ɪn ðɛr əˈproʊʧɪz ˈmənˌdeɪ, ðə tu ˈlidərz əbˈzərvd ə ˈtæsɪt pækt əv non-aggression*. truˈdoʊ stək tɪ hɪz gənz ɔn ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət ˈsɪriən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ər nɑt baɪ ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən ə sɪˈkjʊrəti rɪsk wɪˈθaʊt ˈstɪkɪŋ ðoʊz gənz oʊˈvərtli ɪn ðə feɪs əv ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt. ˈivɪn ɛz trəmp prəˈmoʊtəd hɪz ˈtrævəl bæn ɔn ˈsɪtɪzənz əv ˈsɛvən ˈkəntriz, hi tʊk ə pæs æt ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ lɪŋk ðə ˈmɛʒər tɪ ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti əv ðə canada-u.s*. ˈbɔrdər. ðət meɪ bi fər əˈnəðər deɪ. fər ɪf ðɛr ər θɔrnz ɪn buˈkeɪ əv wərdz ðeɪ wʊd bi faʊnd ɪn ðə ˈsɛkʃən əv ən ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈbɔɪlərˌpleɪt ʤɔɪnt communiqué*é ðət rɪˈkɑmɪts ðə tu ˈkəntriz tɪ pərˈsuɪŋ ðə ˌhɑrmənɪˈzeɪʃən əv ðɛr ˈbɔrdər ˈsərvɪsɪz. ˈɑrtɪkəl kənˈtɪnjud bɪˈloʊ ə bɪl ˈkərəntli ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪts weɪ θru ˈpɑrləmɛnt wʊd gɪv juz. ˈbɔrdər ˈeɪʤənts nu paʊərz tɪ kˈwɛʃən, sərʧ ənd ˈivɪn dɪˈteɪn kəˈneɪdiən ˈsɪtɪzənz ɔn kəˈneɪdiən sɔɪl. ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ərˈeɪnʤmənts ɔˈrɛdi əˈlaʊ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈbɔrdər əˈfɪʃəlz ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈmeɪʤər ˈɛrˌpɔrts ˈəndər ə əˈgrimənt bɪtˈwin ðə tu ˈkəntriz tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈvərʒən əv ˈtrævəl bæn faɪndz ˈfeɪvər wɪθ ðə juz. ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm. ðɛn ðɛr ɪz ˌdɛzɪgˈneɪʃən əv ðə juz. ɛz ə seɪf ˈkəntri fər ˈrɛfjuʤi ˈpərpəsɪz, ə ˈmɛʒər ðət prɪˈvɛnts moʊst ˈpipəl hu lænd ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts frəm əˈplaɪɪŋ fər ˈrɛfjuʤi ˈstætəs ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri. noʊ wən ɛnˈvɪzɪʤd ə ˈtrævəl bæn æt ðə taɪm ðoʊz ˈmɛʒərz wər pʊt ɪn pleɪs. bət ɪf ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt dɪz stɪk wɪθ plænz tɪ səˈlɛktɪvli bæn ˈɪməgrənts, ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ənd ˈvɪzɪtərz tɪ ðə juz. ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðɛr ˈkəntri əv ˈɔrəʤən, ɪt wɪl bi hɑrd fər truˈdoʊ tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ lʊk ðə ˈəðər weɪ ənd æt ðə seɪm taɪm priˈtɛnd ðət ˈkænədə ɪz ˈlidɪŋ baɪ ɪgˈzæmpəl baɪ ˈstɪkɪŋ tɪ ɪts ˈprɪnsəpəlz. ɪn ˈɛni ɪˈvɛnt, fər naʊ, ˈmɛni ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ˈkɔrpərət ˈkænədə wɪl teɪk ˈkəmfərt ɪn ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət ˈkænədə ɪz nɑt ɔn ðə trəmp hɪt lɪst. fər hɪz fərst ˈfeɪstuˈfeɪs ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ hɪz nu əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt, truˈdoʊ hæd brɔt əˈlɔŋ ə ˈgægəl əv ˈsinjər ˈkæbənət ˈmɪnɪstərz ənd ædˈvaɪzərz. ˈrɛrli həz ˈkænədə hæd ɛz məʧ feɪs taɪm ɔn ə ˈsɪŋgəl deɪ wɪθ ɛz ˈmɛni ˈmɛmbərz əv ə ˈrʊki əˈmɛrɪkən ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ɪt wʊd nɑt hæv ˈhæpənd ɪf trəmp hæd nɑt ˈwɔntɪd tɪ pleɪ əˈlɔŋ. ɪt maɪt bi bɛst tɪ ðə ˈfreɪgrəns əv ðə roʊz waɪl ɪt læsts! rɛd mɔr əˈbaʊt: |
starting today, it appears the us military will be testing a device or devices that will potentially jam gps signals for six hours each day. we say “appears” because officially the tests were announced by the but are centered near the us largest installation in the mojave desert. and the navy tell us much about going on.
the issued an advisory warning pilots on saturday that global positioning systems (gps) could be unreliable during six different days this month, primarily in the southwestern united states. on june 7, 9, 21, 23, 28, and the gps interference testing will be taking place between and pacific time. but if on the ground, you probably notice interference.
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the testing will be centered on china lake, to the million acre naval air weapons center in the mojave desert. the potentially lost signals will stretch hundreds of miles in each direction and will affect various types of gps, reaching the furthest at higher altitudes. but the jamming will only affect aircraft above 50 feet. as you can see from the map below, the jamming will almost reach the border at feet above sea level and 505 nautical miles at its greatest range.
i gave the naval air warfare center weapons division a call yesterday, but they tell me much.
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“we’re aware of the flight advisory,” deidre patin, public affairs specialist for naval air warfare center weapons division told me over the phone. but she give me any details about whether there was indeed gps “jamming,” nor whether it had happened before. patin added, “i go into the details of the testing, general testing for our ranges.”
as points out, phenom 300 business jets are being told to avoid the area completely during the tests. the claims that the jamming test could interfere with the business “aircraft flight stability controls.”
gps technology has become so ubiquitous that cheap jamming technology has become a real concern for both military and civilian aircraft. and if we had to speculate say that these tests are probably pulling double duty for both offensive and defensive military capabilities. but honestly, just a guess.
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these tests are naturally going to fuel plenty of conspiracy theories about mind control, weather modification, and with china proximity to both large population centers like la and las vegas, and the fact that area 51 is practically just down the road. but it take a conspiracy theorist to tell us fucked if terrorists or shitty teenagers make it a habit of jamming gps signals for everybody.
if you experience any significant gps interference this month or know the “real” reason behind these test (aliens, right?) please let us know in the comments.
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correction 11:24am: this post originally misstated that one level of interference would occur at feet. feet above sea level, and has been corrected. i regret the error. | ˈstɑrtɪŋ təˈdeɪ, ɪt əˈpɪrz ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri wɪl bi ˈtɛstɪŋ ə dɪˈvaɪs ər dɪˈvaɪsɪz ðət wɪl pəˈtɛnʃəli ʤæm ˈgipiˈɛs ˈsɪgnəlz fər sɪks aʊərz iʧ deɪ. wi seɪ ““appears”*” bɪˈkəz əˈfɪʃəli ðə tɛsts wər əˈnaʊnst baɪ ðə bət ər ˈsɛntərd nɪr ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈlɑrʤəst ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən ɪn ðə moʊˈhɑvi ˈdɛzərt. ənd ðə ˈneɪvi tɛl ˈjuˈɛs məʧ əˈbaʊt goʊɪŋ ɔn. ðə ˈɪʃud ən ædˈvaɪzəri ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈpaɪləts ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ðət ˈgloʊbəl pəˈzɪʃənɪŋ ˈsɪstəmz (ˈgipiˈɛs) kʊd bi ˌənrɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈdʊrɪŋ sɪks ˈdɪfərənt deɪz ðɪs mənθ, praɪˈmɛrəli ɪn ðə ˌsaʊθˈwɛstərn juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ɔn ʤun 7 9 21 23 28 ənd ðə ˈgipiˈɛs ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns ˈtɛstɪŋ wɪl bi ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs bɪtˈwin ənd pəˈsɪfɪk taɪm. bət ɪf ɔn ðə graʊnd, ju ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈnoʊtɪs ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ðə ˈtɛstɪŋ wɪl bi ˈsɛntərd ɔn ˈʧaɪnə leɪk, tɪ ðə ˈmɪljən ˈeɪkər ˈneɪvəl ɛr ˈwɛpənz ˈsɛnər ɪn ðə moʊˈhɑvi ˈdɛzərt. ðə pəˈtɛnʃəli lɔst ˈsɪgnəlz wɪl strɛʧ ˈhənərdz əv maɪəlz ɪn iʧ dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ənd wɪl əˈfɛkt ˈvɛriəs taɪps əv ˈgipiˈɛs, ˈriʧɪŋ ðə ˈfərθəst æt haɪər ˈæltɪˌtudz. bət ðə ˈʤæmɪŋ wɪl ˈoʊnli əˈfɛkt ˈɛrˌkræft əˈbəv 50 fit. ɛz ju kən si frəm ðə mæp bɪˈloʊ, ðə ˈʤæmɪŋ wɪl ˈɔlˌmoʊst riʧ ðə ˈbɔrdər æt fit əˈbəv si ˈlɛvəl ənd 505 ˈnɔtəkəl maɪəlz æt ɪts ˈgreɪtəst reɪnʤ. aɪ geɪv ðə ˈneɪvəl ɛr ˈwɔrˌfɛr ˈsɛnər ˈwɛpənz dɪˈvɪʒən ə kɔl ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ, bət ðeɪ tɛl mi məʧ. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt əˈwɛr əv ðə flaɪt advisory,”*,” ˈdidrə ˈpætɪn, ˈpəblɪk əˈfɛrz ˈspɛʃəlɪst fər ˈneɪvəl ɛr ˈwɔrˌfɛr ˈsɛnər ˈwɛpənz dɪˈvɪʒən toʊld mi ˈoʊvər ðə foʊn. bət ʃi gɪv mi ˈɛni ˈditeɪlz əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ðɛr wɑz ˌɪnˈdid ˈgipiˈɛs ““jamming,”*,” nɔr ˈwɛðər ɪt hæd ˈhæpənd ˌbiˈfɔr. ˈpætɪn ˈædɪd, goʊ ˈɪntu ðə ˈditeɪlz əv ðə ˈtɛstɪŋ, ˈʤɛnərəl ˈtɛstɪŋ fər ɑr ranges.”*.” ɛz pɔɪnts aʊt, ˈfɛnəm 300 ˈbɪznɪs ʤɛts ər biɪŋ toʊld tɪ əˈvɔɪd ðə ˈɛriə kəmˈplitli ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə tɛsts. ðə kleɪmz ðət ðə ˈʤæmɪŋ tɛst kʊd ˌɪnərˈfɪr wɪθ ðə ˈbɪznɪs flaɪt stəˈbɪlɪti controls.”*.” ˈgipiˈɛs tɛkˈnɑləʤi həz bɪˈkəm soʊ juˈbɪkwɪtəs ðət ʧip ˈʤæmɪŋ tɛkˈnɑləʤi həz bɪˈkəm ə ril kənˈsərn fər boʊθ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd səˈvɪljən ˈɛrˌkræft. ənd ɪf wi hæd tɪ ˈspɛkjəˌleɪt seɪ ðət ðiz tɛsts ər ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈpʊlɪŋ ˈdəbəl ˈduti fər boʊθ əˈfɛnsɪv ənd dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz. bət ˈɑnəstli, ʤɪst ə gɛs. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ðiz tɛsts ər ˈnæʧərəli goʊɪŋ tɪ fjuəl ˈplɛnti əv kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz əˈbaʊt maɪnd kənˈtroʊl, ˈwɛðər ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃən, ənd wɪθ ˈʧaɪnə prɑkˈsɪməti tɪ boʊθ lɑrʤ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈsɛnərz laɪk lɑ ənd ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs, ənd ðə fækt ðət ˈɛriə 51 ɪz ˈpræktɪkəli ʤɪst daʊn ðə roʊd. bət ɪt teɪk ə kənˈspɪrəsi θiərɪst tɪ tɛl ˈjuˈɛs fəkt ɪf ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts ər ˈʃɪˌti ˈtiˌneɪʤərz meɪk ɪt ə ˈhæbət əv ˈʤæmɪŋ ˈgipiˈɛs ˈsɪgnəlz fər ˈɛvriˌbɑdi. ɪf ju ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈɛni sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈgipiˈɛs ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns ðɪs mənθ ər noʊ ðə ““real”*” ˈrizən bɪˈhaɪnd ðiz tɛst (ˈeɪliənz, raɪt?) pliz lɛt ˈjuˈɛs noʊ ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt kərˈɛkʃən 11:24am*: ðɪs poʊst ərˈɪʤənəli mɪˈsteɪtɪd ðət wən ˈlɛvəl əv ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns wʊd əˈkər æt fit. fit əˈbəv si ˈlɛvəl, ənd həz bɪn kərˈɛktɪd. aɪ rɪˈgrɛt ðə ˈɛrər. |
passing the sanctions bill is likely to be a rare bipartisan moment in congress.
the house and senate have reached a deal on a bill that would impose new financial sanctions on russia and allow congress to review and veto any attempt by president trump, or any other president, to independently ease those sanctions in the future. the senate, looking to punish the kremlin for meddling in last presidential election, passed a version of the bill by a nearly unanimous margin in june, but it has been stalled in the house for weeks due to procedural issues, pressure from industry groups, and a white house bent on weakening the proposed power. on saturday, however, negotiators from the house and senate ironed out a deal that did not include the changes the trump administration wanted.
regardless, white house press secretary sarah huckabee sanders now says that the white house supports the new version of the bill. that would seem to indicate that trump will sign it into law, but wait until the ink is dry when it comes to anything this administration says.
in addition to the measures against russia, the bill includes new sanctions on iran (over its tests) and north korea (over its nuclear program). it also somewhat eased the concerns of the industry, which worried that american companies would face an impossible amount of red tape if they attempted to partner with russian businesses.
the tweaked bill will likely receive a full vote on tuesday and is expected to pass with wide bipartisan support, setting up a potentially difficult choice for the president. trump has never seemed to take meddling in last election very seriously instead trying to downplay it and the president has also never seemed overly concerned about appearing too friendly with the kremlin, either. (in defense, any white house administration would object to congress attempting to reduce its authority to deal with foreign powers.) but the new york times reported on saturday that “two senior administration officials said they could not imagine mr. trump vetoing the legislation in the current political atmosphere.” and ability to exceed the limits of imagination aside, sarah huckabee sanders offered firmer official support on sunday. during an appearance on this week, the new white house press secretary was asked if the president would sign the bill, and she indicated that he would:
look, the administration is supportive of being tough on russia, particularly in putting these sanctions in place. the original piece of legislation was poorly written, but we were able to work with the house and senate. and the administration is happy with the ability to do that and make those changes that were necessary. and we support where the legislation is now, and will continue to work with the house and senate to put those tough sanctions in place on russia until the situation in ukraine is fully resolved. but it certainly right now.
on the other hand, new white house communications director anthony said that the president “hasn’t made the decision yet to sign that bill one way or the other” during an interview with cnn on sunday.
if sanders is wrong and trump does veto the bill, it will be interesting to see if republicans in congress would be willing to override him. then again, even if the bill does become law, there is no guarantee that lawmakers will challenge any attempt by trump to ease the sanctions though, members of the majority party be the only ones who get to call for such a review. minority whip steny hoyer declared on saturday that he was pleased with the legislation, which he says “ensures that both the majority and minority are able to exercise our oversight role over the implementation of sanctions.”
this post has been updated to include reporting from the new york times, as well as comments from sarah huckabee sanders and anthony on sunday. | ˈpæsɪŋ ðə ˈsæŋkʃənz bɪl ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ə rɛr baɪˈpɑrtɪzən ˈmoʊmənt ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs. ðə haʊs ənd ˈsɛnɪt hæv riʧt ə dil ɔn ə bɪl ðət wʊd ˌɪmˈpoʊz nu ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsæŋkʃənz ɔn ˈrəʃə ənd əˈlaʊ ˈkɑŋgrəs tɪ ˌrivˈju ənd ˈviˌtoʊ ˈɛni əˈtɛmpt baɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp, ər ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈprɛzɪdənt, tɪ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli iz ðoʊz ˈsæŋkʃənz ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. ðə ˈsɛnɪt, ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ ˈpənɪʃ ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn fər ˈmɛdəlɪŋ ɪn læst ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, pæst ə ˈvərʒən əv ðə bɪl baɪ ə ˈnɪrli juˈnænəməs ˈmɑrʤən ɪn ʤun, bət ɪt həz bɪn stɔld ɪn ðə haʊs fər wiks du tɪ prəˈsiʤərəl ˈɪʃuz, ˈprɛʃər frəm ˈɪndəstri grups, ənd ə waɪt haʊs bɛnt ɔn ˈwikənɪŋ ðə prəˈpoʊzd paʊər. ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtərz frəm ðə haʊs ənd ˈsɛnɪt aɪərnd aʊt ə dil ðət dɪd nɑt ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈwɔntɪd. rəˈgɑrdləs, waɪt haʊs prɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈsɛrə ˈhəkəbi ˈsændərz naʊ sɪz ðət ðə waɪt haʊs səˈpɔrts ðə nu ˈvərʒən əv ðə bɪl. ðət wʊd sim tɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət trəmp wɪl saɪn ɪt ˈɪntu lɔ, bət weɪt ənˈtɪl ðə ɪŋk ɪz draɪ wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðɪs ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən sɪz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈmɛʒərz əˈgɛnst ˈrəʃə, ðə bɪl ˌɪnˈkludz nu ˈsæŋkʃənz ɔn ˌɪˈrɑn (ˈoʊvər ɪts tɛsts) ənd nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə (ˈoʊvər ɪts ˈnukliər ˈproʊˌgræm). ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsəmˈwət izd ðə kənˈsərnz əv ðə ˈɪndəstri, wɪʧ ˈwərid ðət əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkəmpəˌniz wʊd feɪs ən ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl əˈmaʊnt əv rɛd teɪp ɪf ðeɪ əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ˈpɑrtnər wɪθ ˈrəʃən ˈbɪznɪsɪz. ðə twikt bɪl wɪl ˈlaɪkli rɪˈsiv ə fʊl voʊt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ənd ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ pæs wɪθ waɪd baɪˈpɑrtɪzən səˈpɔrt, ˈsɛtɪŋ əp ə pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈdɪfəkəlt ʧɔɪs fər ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt. trəmp həz ˈnɛvər simd tɪ teɪk ˈmɛdəlɪŋ ɪn læst ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəsli ˌɪnˈstɛd traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈdaʊnˌpleɪ ɪt ənd ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt həz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnɛvər simd ˈoʊvərli kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt əˈpɪrɪŋ tu ˈfrɛndli wɪθ ðə ˈkrɛmlɪn, ˈiðər. (ɪn dɪˈfɛns, ˈɛni waɪt haʊs ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən wʊd ˈɑbʤɛkt tɪ ˈkɑŋgrəs əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ rɪˈdus ɪts əˈθɔrəti tɪ dil wɪθ ˈfɔrən paʊərz.) bət ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ðət ˈsinjər ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ðeɪ kʊd nɑt ˌɪˈmæʤən ˈmɪstər. trəmp ˈviˌtoʊɪŋ ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt pəˈlɪtɪkəl atmosphere.”*.” ənd əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ɪkˈsid ðə ˈlɪmɪts əv ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən əˈsaɪd, ˈsɛrə ˈhəkəbi ˈsændərz ˈɔfərd ˈfərmər əˈfɪʃəl səˈpɔrt ɔn ˈsənˌdi. ˈdʊrɪŋ ən əˈpɪrəns ɔn ðɪs wik, ðə nu waɪt haʊs prɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri wɑz æst ɪf ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt wʊd saɪn ðə bɪl, ənd ʃi ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət hi wʊd: lʊk, ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz səˈpɔrtɪv əv biɪŋ təf ɔn ˈrəʃə, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ˈpʊtɪŋ ðiz ˈsæŋkʃənz ɪn pleɪs. ðə ərˈɪʤənəl pis əv ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən wɑz ˈpurli ˈrɪtən, bət wi wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ wərk wɪθ ðə haʊs ənd ˈsɛnɪt. ənd ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz ˈhæpi wɪθ ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ du ðət ənd meɪk ðoʊz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðət wər ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. ənd wi səˈpɔrt wɛr ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ɪz naʊ, ənd wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ wərk wɪθ ðə haʊs ənd ˈsɛnɪt tɪ pʊt ðoʊz təf ˈsæŋkʃənz ɪn pleɪs ɔn ˈrəʃə ənˈtɪl ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn juˈkreɪn ɪz ˈfʊli riˈzɑlvd. bət ɪt ˈsərtənli raɪt naʊ. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, nu waɪt haʊs kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz dɪˈrɛktər ˈænθɔˌni sɛd ðət ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt meɪd ðə dɪˈsɪʒən jɛt tɪ saɪn ðət bɪl wən weɪ ər ðə other”*” ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ɔn ˈsənˌdi. ɪf ˈsændərz ɪz rɔŋ ənd trəmp dɪz ˈviˌtoʊ ðə bɪl, ɪt wɪl bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ si ɪf rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs wʊd bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈoʊvərˌraɪd ɪm. ðɛn əˈgɛn, ˈivɪn ɪf ðə bɪl dɪz bɪˈkəm lɔ, ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˌgɛrənˈti ðət ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz wɪl ˈʧælənʤ ˈɛni əˈtɛmpt baɪ trəmp tɪ iz ðə ˈsæŋkʃənz ðoʊ, ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə məˈʤɔrəti ˈpɑrti bi ðə ˈoʊnli wənz hu gɪt tɪ kɔl fər səʧ ə ˌrivˈju. məˈnɔrəti wɪp ˈstɛni hɔɪər dɪˈklɛrd ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ðət hi wɑz plizd wɪθ ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən, wɪʧ hi sɪz ðət boʊθ ðə məˈʤɔrəti ənd məˈnɔrəti ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɑr ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt roʊl ˈoʊvər ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv sanctions.”*.” ðɪs poʊst həz bɪn ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈklud rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ frəm ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈkɑmɛnts frəm ˈsɛrə ˈhəkəbi ˈsændərz ənd ˈænθɔˌni ɔn ˈsənˌdi. |
the top detective who was the first officer to dismiss sex abuse allegations against leon brittan claims he has been 'hounded out' of scotland yard after speaking the truth about the case.
paul settle has taken early retirement from the met after concluding he had no future in the force following his decision to expose the 'incompetence' of colleagues, who carried out a protracted inquiry into the discredited allegations against lord brittan.
as he stepped down as a detective chief inspector, mr settle blamed labour deputy leader tom watson's controversial intervention in the brittan rape case for the demise of his 25 year police career.
ex-scotland yard detective paul settle (pictured) has taken early retirement after concluding he had no future in the force following his decision to expose the 'incompetence' of colleagues
he also launched a wider attack on mr watson over his role in the vip sex and scandal.
mr settle said he was in 'no doubt' that a 2012 speech by mr watson in the house of commons, which alleged the existence of a powerful ring with links to a former prime minister's advisor, was 'calculated' to damage the conservative party.
he also accused the deputy leader and several labour activists of being 'politically motivated' when they made allegations of sex abuse against a number of tory that were found to be unsubstantiated.
mr settle believes that a former labour who made a number of unsubstantiated vip child sex claims was driven by an 'extreme hatred' of the conservative party and that another labour party supporter, whose accusations of rape against lord brittan of rape were dismissed by police also openly loathed tories.
a retired trade unionist, who had dealings with mr watson and who spread untruths about tory, was described as being a fantasist' by mr settle.
as a result of the labour smears, the lives and reputations of several respected conservatives were 'destroyed', he said.
but he reserved his most scathing comments for mr watson, who in 2014 intervened in a rape case concerning allegations made by a labour party supporter known as jane, who alleged she was assaulted by former tory home secretary lord brittan at his london flat in 1967.
mr settle blamed labour deputy leader tom watson (pictured) and his controversial intervention in the brittan rape case for the demise of his 25 year police career
after an extensive investigation, mr settle who was appointed head of the met's vip sex abuse inquiry operation fairbank in 2012 - concluded there was no evidence to support the woman's allegations and that the investigation should be closed.
but in may 2014, three months after meeting her to explain his decision, mr settle was suddenly removed from his post.
police carried out a protracted inquiry into the discredited allegations against lord brittan (pictured)
he was 'disgusted' to learn that a month earlier, mr watson had written directly to the director of public prosecutions, alison saunders, asking her to review the decision and demanding that lord brittan who was dying of cancer - be interviewed. the letter was forwarded to met chiefs.
mr settle said: 'the management at the yard were absolutely petrified of tom watson. they were scared of what he could do to their careers.
'they hung me out to dry. it was about their self-preservation. i was an expendable and their careers were more important to them.
'i was quite emphatic that the allegations against lord brittan were nonsense.'
so outraged was he by what he saw as political interference and the 'unlawful' interviewing of lord brittan under caution by the met, that mr settle was the only senior detective to warn of a 'baseless witch-hunt' when he appeared in front of the house of commons home affairs select committee in october 2015.
a year ago he was finally vindicated when a damning report by retired high court judge sir richard henriques into the met's handling of the disastrous investigation exonerated mr settle of any wrongdoing.
he has also been cleared of three 'false' misconduct allegations made against him by members of the public
in his first interview since he retired from the met last month (november), mr settle added: 'watson was briefed fully on the jane case by me and was asked to contact me directly if he had any concerns.
ex-tory harvey proctor is seeking up to in damages from the met over their handling of his case
'but he chose to write an inflammatory letter to the director of public prosecutions.
'he has been in public life long enough to know what the impact of that would be.
'i was incredibly disappointed by how nobody at the met spoke to me and instead just sided with watson.'
as a consequence of mr watson's intervention, said mr settle, he was 'completely sidelined' by senior colleagues and given a marking exam papers.
more than 30 allegations against former prime minister sir edward heath (pictured) were dismissed by wiltshire police
he had a mental health breakdown and was on a combination of sick and gardening leave for three and a half years before leaving the force and the job he loved last month.
mr settle, 44, said that it was after he was sidelined from running the vip child sex abuse inquiry, operation fairbank, that the sensational 'nick' allegations about a murderous westminster ring surfaced.
'i made the observation very quickly that nick was either the most unlucky man on the planet or he was a complete and utter fantasist.
'one of my officers interviewed nick to start off with.
'i told my colleagues about my concerns about nick, i told the officers concerned, what my views were. but at that point but met was very excited about getting some high-profile scalps and proving murder.
'i would suggest they got carried away with that, rather than objectively looking at the truth and examining the facts.'
the cps is currently considering whether to prosecute nick for perverting the course of justice and fraud in relation to his bogus claims of vip abuse and murder.
should he be prosecuted? mr settle said: 'if the evidence is there, he should be charged. he has done more harm to victim rights' than anyone in modern criminal history.'
mr settle who was appointed head of the met's vip sex abuse inquiry operation fairbank in 2012 - concluded there was no evidence to support a woman called jane's allegations that she was raped by lord brittan (pictured with his wife lady diana brittan)
his comments about the running of the vip sex and child abuse investigation will be keenly read by lawyers representing ex tory harvey proctor, who is seeking up to in damages from the met over their handling of his case.
mr proctor was falsely accused of serial child sex murder and rape by nick, whose allegations were taken seriously by the met and resulted in his (proctor's) home being raided at dawn and him being interviewed under caution.
former defence chief lord (pictured) was falsely accused of abuse by nick
former defence chief lord, falsely accused of abuse by nick, and the widow of lord brittan, whose husband was wrongly accused by both nick and jane, have each received about in compensation from the met.
mr settle says he has no regrets about speaking out about the vip sex and child abuse scandal even though it took a huge toll on his mental health. he has suffered severe depression and ptsd, and is retiring early on ill health grounds.
'people forget that you join the police to help people. to have that taken away from you is quite debilitating,' he said.
'i was hounded out at the met purely because i stood up and said 'we should not do that'. but i can look myself in the mirror. i did the right thing.
'however it was patently obvious that having exposed the failings of senior officers - and the level of indecision that existed and some would say incompetence - that i had no place in the organisation.'
'i have been vindicated in the end but i have lost the job i love.'
scotland yard said last night: 'paul settle retired from the met in november. as an employer we consider the grounds on which an individual retires to be a private matter between us and the employee.
'the met misconduct investigation resulted in no case to answer. the met does not believe that mr settle was "hounded out" of the organisation.'
mr watson declined to comment. | ðə tɔp dɪˈtɛktɪv hu wɑz ðə fərst ˈɔfɪsər tɪ dɪsˈmɪs sɛks əˈbjuz ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst liɑn ˈbrɪtən kleɪmz hi həz bɪn 'ˈhaʊndɪd aʊt' əv ˈskɑtlənd jɑrd ˈæftər ˈspikɪŋ ðə truθ əˈbaʊt ðə keɪs. pɔl ˈsɛtəl həz ˈteɪkən ˈərli rɪˈtaɪərmənt frəm ðə mɛt ˈæftər kənˈkludɪŋ hi hæd noʊ fˈjuʧər ɪn ðə fɔrs ˈfɑloʊɪŋ hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ɪkˈspoʊz ðə 'ˌɪnˈkɑmpətəns' əv ˈkɑligz, hu ˈkɛrid aʊt ə proʊˈtræktɪd ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu ðə dɪˈskrɛdɪtɪd ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst lɔrd ˈbrɪtən. ɛz hi stɛpt daʊn ɛz ə dɪˈtɛktɪv ʧif ˌɪnˈspɛktər, ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl bleɪmd ˈleɪbər ˈdɛpjəti ˈlidər tɑm ˈwɑtsənz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn ðə ˈbrɪtən reɪp keɪs fər ðə dɪˈmaɪz əv hɪz 25 jɪr pəˈlis kərɪr. jɑrd dɪˈtɛktɪv pɔl ˈsɛtəl (ˈpɪkʧərd) həz ˈteɪkən ˈərli rɪˈtaɪərmənt ˈæftər kənˈkludɪŋ hi hæd noʊ fˈjuʧər ɪn ðə fɔrs ˈfɑloʊɪŋ hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ɪkˈspoʊz ðə 'ˌɪnˈkɑmpətəns' əv ˈkɑligz hi ˈɔlsoʊ lɔnʧt ə ˈwaɪdər əˈtæk ɔn ˈmɪstər ˈwɑtsən ˈoʊvər hɪz roʊl ɪn ðə ˌviˌaɪˈpi sɛks ənd ˈskændəl. ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl sɛd hi wɑz ɪn 'noʊ daʊt' ðət ə 2012 spiʧ baɪ ˈmɪstər ˈwɑtsən ɪn ðə haʊs əv ˈkɑmənz, wɪʧ əˈlɛʤd ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ə ˈpaʊərfəl rɪŋ wɪθ lɪŋks tɪ ə ˈfɔrmər praɪm ˈmɪnɪstərz ædˈvaɪzər, wɑz 'ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd' tɪ ˈdæmɪʤ ðə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈpɑrti. hi ˈɔlsoʊ əˈkjuzd ðə ˈdɛpjəti ˈlidər ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈleɪbər ˈæktɪvɪsts əv biɪŋ 'ˈplɪtɪkli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd' wɪn ðeɪ meɪd ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv sɛks əˈbjuz əˈgɛnst ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈtɔri ðət wər faʊnd tɪ bi ˌənsəbˈstænʃiˌeɪtɪd. ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl bɪˈlivz ðət ə ˈfɔrmər ˈleɪbər hu meɪd ə ˈnəmbər əv ˌənsəbˈstænʃiˌeɪtɪd ˌviˌaɪˈpi ʧaɪld sɛks kleɪmz wɑz ˈdrɪvən baɪ ən 'ɪkˈstrim ˈheɪtrəd' əv ðə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈpɑrti ənd ðət əˈnəðər ˈleɪbər ˈpɑrti səˈpɔrtər, huz ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz əv reɪp əˈgɛnst lɔrd ˈbrɪtən əv reɪp wər dɪsˈmɪst baɪ pəˈlis ˈɔlsoʊ ˈoʊpənli loʊðd ˈtɔˌriz. ə rɪˈtaɪrd treɪd ˈjunjənəst, hu hæd ˈdilɪŋz wɪθ ˈmɪstər ˈwɑtsən ənd hu sprɛd ənˈtruθs əˈbaʊt ˈtɔri, wɑz dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz biɪŋ ə fantasist*' baɪ ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˈleɪbər smɪrz, ðə lɪvz ənd ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃənz əv ˈsɛvərəl rɪˈspɛktɪd kənˈsərvətɪvz wər 'dɪˈstrɔɪd', hi sɛd. bət hi rɪˈzərvd hɪz moʊst ˈskeɪðɪŋ ˈkɑmɛnts fər ˈmɪstər ˈwɑtsən, hu ɪn 2014 ˌɪntərˈvind ɪn ə reɪp keɪs kənˈsərnɪŋ ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz meɪd baɪ ə ˈleɪbər ˈpɑrti səˈpɔrtər noʊn ɛz ʤeɪn, hu əˈlɛʤd ʃi wɑz əˈsɔltɪd baɪ ˈfɔrmər ˈtɔri hoʊm ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri lɔrd ˈbrɪtən æt hɪz ˈləndən flæt ɪn 1967 ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl bleɪmd ˈleɪbər ˈdɛpjəti ˈlidər tɑm ˈwɑtsən (ˈpɪkʧərd) ənd hɪz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn ðə ˈbrɪtən reɪp keɪs fər ðə dɪˈmaɪz əv hɪz 25 jɪr pəˈlis kərɪr ˈæftər ən ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl hu wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd hɛd əv ðə mɛts ˌviˌaɪˈpi sɛks əˈbjuz ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˈfɛrbəŋk ɪn 2012 kənˈkludɪd ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈɛvədəns tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ˈwʊmənz ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ənd ðət ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ʃʊd bi kloʊzd. bət ɪn meɪ 2014 θri mənθs ˈæftər ˈmitɪŋ hər tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən, ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl wɑz ˈsədənli riˈmuvd frəm hɪz poʊst. pəˈlis ˈkɛrid aʊt ə proʊˈtræktɪd ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu ðə dɪˈskrɛdɪtɪd ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst lɔrd ˈbrɪtən (ˈpɪkʧərd) hi wɑz 'dɪsˈgəstɪd' tɪ lərn ðət ə mənθ ˈərliər, ˈmɪstər ˈwɑtsən hæd ˈrɪtən dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈpəblɪk ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃənz, ˈælɪsən ˈsɔndərz, ˈæskɪŋ hər tɪ ˌrivˈju ðə dɪˈsɪʒən ənd dɪˈmændɪŋ ðət lɔrd ˈbrɪtən hu wɑz daɪɪŋ əv ˈkænsər bi ˈɪntərvˌjud. ðə ˈlɛtər wɑz ˈfɔrwərdɪd tɪ mɛt ʧifs. ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl sɛd: 'ðə ˈmænɪʤmənt æt ðə jɑrd wər ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈpɛtrəˌfaɪd əv tɑm ˈwɑtsən. ðeɪ wər skɛrd əv wət hi kʊd du tɪ ðɛr kərɪrz. 'ðeɪ həŋ mi aʊt tɪ draɪ. ɪt wɑz əˈbaʊt ðɛr self-preservation*. aɪ wɑz ən ɪkˈspɛndəbəl ənd ðɛr kərɪrz wər mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ðɛm. 'aɪ wɑz kwaɪt ɛmˈfætɪk ðət ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst lɔrd ˈbrɪtən wər ˈnɑnsɛns.' soʊ ˈaʊˌtreɪʤd wɑz hi baɪ wət hi sɔ ɛz pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns ənd ðə 'ənˈlɔfəl' ˈɪntərvˌjuɪŋ əv lɔrd ˈbrɪtən ˈəndər ˈkɔʃən baɪ ðə mɛt, ðət ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈsinjər dɪˈtɛktɪv tɪ wɔrn əv ə 'ˈbeɪsləs witch-hunt*' wɪn hi əˈpɪrd ɪn frənt əv ðə haʊs əv ˈkɑmənz hoʊm əˈfɛrz səˈlɛkt kəˈmɪti ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 2015 ə jɪr əˈgoʊ hi wɑz ˈfaɪnəli ˈvɪndəkeɪtɪd wɪn ə ˈdæmɪŋ rɪˈpɔrt baɪ rɪˈtaɪrd haɪ kɔrt ʤəʤ sər ˈrɪʧərd ɑnˈrik ˈɪntu ðə mɛts ˈhændəlɪŋ əv ðə dɪˈzæstrəs ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ɪgˈzɑnərˌeɪtɪd ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl əv ˈɛni ˈrɔŋduɪŋ. hi həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn klɪrd əv θri 'fɔls' mɪˈskɑndəkt ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz meɪd əˈgɛnst ɪm baɪ ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈpəblɪk ɪn hɪz fərst ˈɪntərvˌju sɪns hi rɪˈtaɪrd frəm ðə mɛt læst mənθ (noʊˈvɛmbər), ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl ˈædɪd: 'ˈwɑtsən wɑz brift ˈfʊli ɔn ðə ʤeɪn keɪs baɪ mi ənd wɑz æst tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt mi dɪˈrɛkli ɪf hi hæd ˈɛni kənˈsərnz. ˈhɑrvi ˈprɑktər ɪz ˈsikɪŋ əp tɪ ɪn ˈdæmɪʤɪz frəm ðə mɛt ˈoʊvər ðɛr ˈhændəlɪŋ əv hɪz keɪs 'bət hi ʧoʊz tɪ raɪt ən ɪnˈflæməˌtɔri ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈpəblɪk ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃənz. 'hi həz bɪn ɪn ˈpəblɪk laɪf lɔŋ ɪˈnəf tɪ noʊ wət ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðət wʊd bi. 'aɪ wɑz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd baɪ haʊ ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi æt ðə mɛt spoʊk tɪ mi ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd ʤɪst ˈsaɪdɪd wɪθ ˈwɑtsən.' ɛz ə ˈkɑnsəkwəns əv ˈmɪstər ˈwɑtsənz ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən, sɛd ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl, hi wɑz 'kəmˈplitli ˈsaɪˌdlaɪnd' baɪ ˈsinjər ˈkɑligz ənd ˈgɪvɪn ə ˈmɑrkɪŋ ɪgˈzæm ˈpeɪpərz. mɔr ðən 30 ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ˈfɔrmər praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər sər ˈɛdwərd hiθ (ˈpɪkʧərd) wər dɪsˈmɪst baɪ ˈwɪˌlʧaɪr pəˈlis hi hæd ə ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn ənd wɑz ɔn ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv sɪk ənd ˈgɑrdənɪŋ liv fər θri ənd ə hæf jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈlivɪŋ ðə fɔrs ənd ðə ʤɑb hi ləvd læst mənθ. ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl, 44 sɛd ðət ɪt wɑz ˈæftər hi wɑz ˈsaɪˌdlaɪnd frəm ˈrənɪŋ ðə ˌviˌaɪˈpi ʧaɪld sɛks əˈbjuz ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri, ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˈfɛrbəŋk, ðət ðə sɛnˈseɪʃənəl 'nɪk' ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əˈbaʊt ə ˈmərdərəs ˌwɛstˈmɪnstər rɪŋ ˈsərfɪst. 'aɪ meɪd ðə ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən ˈvɛri kˈwɪkli ðət nɪk wɑz ˈiðər ðə moʊst ənˈləki mæn ɔn ðə ˈplænət ər hi wɑz ə kəmˈplit ənd ˈətər fantasist*. 'wən əv maɪ ˈɔfɪsərz ˈɪntərvˌjud nɪk tɪ stɑrt ɔf wɪθ. 'aɪ toʊld maɪ ˈkɑligz əˈbaʊt maɪ kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt nɪk, aɪ toʊld ðə ˈɔfɪsərz kənˈsərnd, wət maɪ vjuz wər. bət æt ðət pɔɪnt bət mɛt wɑz ˈvɛri ɪkˈsaɪtɪd əˈbaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ səm ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl skælps ənd ˈpruvɪŋ ˈmərdər. 'aɪ wʊd səˈʤɛst ðeɪ gɑt ˈkɛrid əˈweɪ wɪθ ðət, ˈrəðər ðən ɑˈbʤɛktɪvli ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə truθ ənd ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ðə fækts.' ðə ˈsiˌpiˈɛs ɪz ˈkərəntli kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈwɛðər tɪ ˈprɑsəˌkjut nɪk fər pərˈvərtɪŋ ðə kɔrs əv ˈʤəstɪs ənd frɔd ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ hɪz ˈboʊgəs kleɪmz əv ˌviˌaɪˈpi əˈbjuz ənd ˈmərdər. ʃʊd hi bi ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪd? ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl sɛd: 'ɪf ðə ˈɛvədəns ɪz ðɛr, hi ʃʊd bi ʧɑrʤd. hi həz dən mɔr hɑrm tɪ ˈvɪktɪm raɪts' ðən ˈɛniˌwən ɪn ˈmɑdərn ˈkrɪmənəl ˈhɪstəri.' ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl hu wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd hɛd əv ðə mɛts ˌviˌaɪˈpi sɛks əˈbjuz ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˈfɛrbəŋk ɪn 2012 kənˈkludɪd ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈɛvədəns tɪ səˈpɔrt ə ˈwʊmən kɔld ʤeɪnz ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ðət ʃi wɑz reɪpt baɪ lɔrd ˈbrɪtən (ˈpɪkʧərd wɪθ hɪz waɪf ˈleɪdi daɪˈænə ˈbrɪtən) hɪz ˈkɑmɛnts əˈbaʊt ðə ˈrənɪŋ əv ðə ˌviˌaɪˈpi sɛks ənd ʧaɪld əˈbjuz ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wɪl bi ˈkinli rɛd baɪ ˈlɔjərz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ɛks ˈtɔri ˈhɑrvi ˈprɑktər, hu ɪz ˈsikɪŋ əp tɪ ɪn ˈdæmɪʤɪz frəm ðə mɛt ˈoʊvər ðɛr ˈhændəlɪŋ əv hɪz keɪs. ˈmɪstər ˈprɑktər wɑz ˈfɔlsli əˈkjuzd əv ˈsɪˌriəl ʧaɪld sɛks ˈmərdər ənd reɪp baɪ nɪk, huz ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz wər ˈteɪkən ˈsɪriəsli baɪ ðə mɛt ənd rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn hɪz (ˈprɑktərz) hoʊm biɪŋ ˈreɪdɪd æt dɔn ənd ɪm biɪŋ ˈɪntərvˌjud ˈəndər ˈkɔʃən. ˈfɔrmər dɪˈfɛns ʧif lɔrd (ˈpɪkʧərd) wɑz ˈfɔlsli əˈkjuzd əv əˈbjuz baɪ nɪk ˈfɔrmər dɪˈfɛns ʧif lɔrd, ˈfɔlsli əˈkjuzd əv əˈbjuz baɪ nɪk, ənd ðə ˈwɪdoʊ əv lɔrd ˈbrɪtən, huz ˈhəzbənd wɑz ˈrɔŋli əˈkjuzd baɪ boʊθ nɪk ənd ʤeɪn, hæv iʧ rɪˈsivd əˈbaʊt ɪn ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən frəm ðə mɛt. ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl sɪz hi həz noʊ rɪˈgrɛts əˈbaʊt ˈspikɪŋ aʊt əˈbaʊt ðə ˌviˌaɪˈpi sɛks ənd ʧaɪld əˈbjuz ˈskændəl ˈivɪn ðoʊ ɪt tʊk ə juʤ toʊl ɔn hɪz ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ. hi həz ˈsəfərd səˈvɪr dɪˈprɛʃən ənd ptsd*, ənd ɪz rɪˈtaɪrɪŋ ˈərli ɔn ɪl hɛlθ graʊnz. 'ˈpipəl fərˈgɛt ðət ju ʤɔɪn ðə pəˈlis tɪ hɛlp ˈpipəl. tɪ hæv ðət ˈteɪkən əˈweɪ frəm ju ɪz kwaɪt dəˈbɪləˌteɪtɪŋ,' hi sɛd. 'aɪ wɑz ˈhaʊndɪd aʊt æt ðə mɛt ˈpjʊrli bɪˈkəz aɪ stʊd əp ənd sɛd 'wi ʃʊd nɑt du ðət'. bət aɪ kən lʊk ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɪn ðə ˈmɪrər. aɪ dɪd ðə raɪt θɪŋ. 'ˌhaʊˈɛvər ɪt wɑz ˈpætəntli ˈɑbviəs ðət ˈhævɪŋ ɪkˈspoʊzd ðə ˈfeɪlɪŋz əv ˈsinjər ˈɔfɪsərz ənd ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˌɪndɪˈsɪʒən ðət ɪgˈzɪstəd ənd səm wʊd seɪ ˌɪnˈkɑmpətəns ðət aɪ hæd noʊ pleɪs ɪn ðə ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən.' 'aɪ hæv bɪn ˈvɪndəkeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ɛnd bət aɪ hæv lɔst ðə ʤɑb aɪ ləv.' ˈskɑtlənd jɑrd sɛd læst naɪt: 'pɔl ˈsɛtəl rɪˈtaɪrd frəm ðə mɛt ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər. ɛz ən ɪmˈplɔɪər wi kənˈsɪdər ðə graʊnz ɔn wɪʧ ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl rɪˈtaɪrz tɪ bi ə ˈpraɪvət ˈmætər bɪtˈwin ˈjuˈɛs ənd ðə ɪmˈplɔɪi. 'ðə mɛt mɪˈskɑndəkt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn noʊ keɪs tɪ ˈænsər. ðə mɛt dɪz nɑt bɪˈliv ðət ˈmɪstər ˈsɛtəl wɑz "ˈhaʊndɪd aʊt" əv ðə ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən.' ˈmɪstər ˈwɑtsən dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt. |
let it snow, let is snow, let it snow.
rockstar will update online next week with holiday content, including the return of snow, trees in player houses and festive masks.
according to details leaked by tezfunz, all players will receive free gifts from including festive, a unicorn mask and a of ammo and sticky bombs.
also expect the return of the fireworks launcher for new year celebrations.
yes, they will enable the snow and christmas tree and new clothing and masks for christmas and the beast masks for christmas fun 2) december 14, 2016
just what everyone (didn't) wanted for christmas.
unicorn mask and and weapons and sticky bombs.
thanks fun 2) december 14, 2016
rockstar usually turns snow on and off during the festive break in los santos, so keep logging in if you want to throw a few snowballs at other players. | lɛt ɪt snoʊ, lɛt ɪz snoʊ, lɛt ɪt snoʊ. wɪl ˈəpˌdeɪt ˈɔnˌlaɪn nɛkst wik wɪθ ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈkɑntɛnt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə rɪˈtərn əv snoʊ, triz ɪn pleɪər ˈhaʊsɪz ənd ˈfɛstɪv mæsks. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈditeɪlz likt baɪ tezfunz*, ɔl pleɪərz wɪl rɪˈsiv fri gɪfts frəm ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈfɛstɪv, ə ˈjunɪˌkɔrn mæsk ənd ə əv ˈæˌmoʊ ənd ˈstɪki bɑmz. ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈspɛkt ðə rɪˈtərn əv ðə ˈfaɪrˌwərks ˈlɔnʧər fər nu jɪr ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃənz. jɛs, ðeɪ wɪl ɪˈneɪbəl ðə snoʊ ənd ˈkrɪsməs tri ənd nu ˈkloʊðɪŋ ənd mæsks fər ˈkrɪsməs ənd ðə bist mæsks fər ˈkrɪsməs fən 2 dɪˈsɛmbər 14 2016 ʤɪst wət ˈɛvriˌwən (ˈdɪdənt) ˈwɔntɪd fər ˈkrɪsməs. ˈjunɪˌkɔrn mæsk ənd ənd ˈwɛpənz ənd ˈstɪki bɑmz. θæŋks fən 2 dɪˈsɛmbər 14 2016 ˈjuʒəwəli tərnz snoʊ ɔn ənd ɔf ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈfɛstɪv breɪk ɪn lɔs ˈsæntoʊs, soʊ kip ˈlɔgɪŋ ɪn ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ θroʊ ə fju sˈnoʊˌbɔlz æt ˈəðər pleɪərz. |
media playback is unsupported on your device media caption despite the pledge on emissions, there are still areas of disagreement, reports carrie gracie
china and the us have unveiled new pledges on greenhouse gas emissions, as the leaders of the two countries met for talks in beijing.
us president barack obama said the move was "historic", as he set a new goal of reducing us levels between% by 2025, compared with 2005 levels.
china did not set a specific target, but said emissions would peak by 2030.
the two countries also agreed to reduce the possibility of military accidents in the air and sea.
the news came during a state visit by mr obama to beijing, which followed a major asian regional summit.
it is the first time china, the world's biggest polluter, has set an approximate date for emissions to peak.
the two countries together produce about 45% of the world's carbon dioxide.
the unexpected announcement is a bid to boost efforts to secure a global deal on reducing emissions after 2020, to be next year in paris.
"we agreed to make sure that international climate change negotiations will reach an agreement in paris," said mr xi, speaking to reporters after the announcement.
roger harrabin, bbc environment analyst
this agreement between the great polluters is a landmark in the battle against one of the world's most intractable problems.
for years the us feared if it cut emissions, energy bills would rise - and divert jobs to china. now the relationship is switching, from "we won't if you won't" towards "we will if you will".
president obama's offer is based on cuts in carbon emissions from coal power (a policy the republicans threaten to reverse).
china's offer to peak emissions is a decision. its emissions trajectory is now similar torope and the usa, just further behind because it still has so many people in poverty.
scientists will fear this agreement is not yet strong enough. but it does show leadership - and it sends a powerful signal to financiers that investing in dirty fuels for the future is becoming a risk.
follow roger on twitter
'slow, peak then reverse'
the new goal from the us is up from a previous target to cut emissions by 17% by 2020, compared with 2005 levels.
in september, china told a united nations summit on climate change that it would soon set a peak for carbon emissions and that it would make its economy more carbon efficient by 2020.
china had previously aimed to reduce its carbon intensity, which meant reducing the amount of emissions per dollar of economic output. this meant that with its rapidly growing economy, its emissions could still rise.
wednesday's pledge is the first time it has agreed to set a ceiling, albeit an undefined one, on overall emissions.
image copyright image caption the un has warned that global warming is likely to have a severe impact
mr obama called wednesday's agreement "historic" and said the us would work with china to "slow, peak and then reverse the course of china's carbon emissions".
republican leaders in the us reacted strongly to what they called an "unrealistic plan" proposed by mr obama.
"this unrealistic plan, that the president would dump on his successor, would ensure higher utility rates and far fewer jobs," senate republican leader mitch mcconnell said.
the un has previously warned that the impact of global warming is likely to be "severe, pervasive and irreversible", and would lead to problems including sea level rise, greater risk of flooding and changes to crop yields.
hong kong protests
in a rare joint press conference in which they answered questions from journalists, mr obama and mr xi drew attention to the ways in which the two global super powers could work together.
they agreed to boost trade, investment and military to prevent the likelihood of military accidents.
but differences were also expressed - mr obama said he had pressed mr xi on china's human rights record and cyber security threats.
pro-democracy protests in hong kong also provided a point of contention. mr obama said the us would encourage free and fair elections, while mr xi stated issues in the territory were an internal chinese affair.
mr obama said the us would not intervene in south china sea territorial disputes, but said it had an interest in freedom of navigation and that it hoped the conflicts would be resolved peacefully.
top 10 2013 % of global total china 29 usa 15 10 india russian federation japan germany republic of korea iran saudi arabia
source: global carbon project | ˈmidiə ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪz ənsəˈpɔrtɪd ɔn jʊr dɪˈvaɪs ˈmidiə ˈkæpʃən dɪˈspaɪt ðə plɛʤ ɔn ɪˈmɪʃənz, ðɛr ər stɪl ˈɛriəz əv dɪsəˈgrimənt, rɪˈpɔrts ˈkɛri ˈgreɪsi ˈʧaɪnə ənd ðə ˈjuˈɛs hæv ənˈveɪld nu ˈplɛʤɪz ɔn ˈgrinˌhaʊs gæs ɪˈmɪʃənz, ɛz ðə ˈlidərz əv ðə tu ˈkəntriz mɛt fər tɔks ɪn ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ. ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə sɛd ðə muv wɑz "hɪˈstɔrɪk", ɛz hi sɛt ə nu goʊl əv rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˈlɛvəlz bɪtˈwin baɪ 2025 kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ 2005 ˈlɛvəlz. ˈʧaɪnə dɪd nɑt sɛt ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈtərgət, bət sɛd ɪˈmɪʃənz wʊd pik baɪ 2030 ðə tu ˈkəntriz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈgrid tɪ rɪˈdus ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈæksədənts ɪn ðə ɛr ənd si. ðə nuz keɪm ˈdʊrɪŋ ə steɪt ˈvɪzɪt baɪ ˈmɪstər ˌoʊˈbɑmə tɪ ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ, wɪʧ ˈfɑloʊd ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈeɪʒən ˈriʤənəl ˈsəmɪt. ɪt ɪz ðə fərst taɪm ˈʧaɪnə, ðə wərldz ˈbɪgəst pəˈlutər, həz sɛt ən əˈprɑksəˌmeɪt deɪt fər ɪˈmɪʃənz tɪ pik. ðə tu ˈkəntriz təˈgɛðər ˈproʊdus əˈbaʊt 45 əv ðə wərldz ˈkɑrbən daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd. ðə ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd əˈnaʊnsmɛnt ɪz ə bɪd tɪ bust ˈɛfərts tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ə ˈgloʊbəl dil ɔn rɪˈdusɪŋ ɪˈmɪʃənz ˈæftər 2020 tɪ bi nɛkst jɪr ɪn ˈpɛrɪs. "wi əˈgrid tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wɪl riʧ ən əˈgrimənt ɪn ˈpɛrɪs," sɛd ˈmɪstər ʃi, ˈspikɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrtərz ˈæftər ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt. ˈrɑʤər harrabin*, ˌbibiˈsi ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ˈænəlɪst ðɪs əˈgrimənt bɪtˈwin ðə greɪt pəˈlutərz ɪz ə ˈlændˌmɑrk ɪn ðə ˈbætəl əˈgɛnst wən əv ðə wərldz moʊst ˌɪnˈtræktəbəl ˈprɑbləmz. fər jɪrz ðə ˈjuˈɛs fɪrd ɪf ɪt kət ɪˈmɪʃənz, ˈɛnərʤi bɪlz wʊd raɪz ənd dɪˈvərt ʤɑbz tɪ ˈʧaɪnə. naʊ ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ɪz sˈwɪʧɪŋ, frəm "wi woʊnt ɪf ju woʊnt" təˈwɔrdz "wi wɪl ɪf ju wɪl". ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈɔfər ɪz beɪst ɔn kəts ɪn ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz frəm koʊl paʊər (ə ˈpɑləsi ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz θˈrɛtən tɪ rɪˈvərs). ˈʧaɪnəz ˈɔfər tɪ pik ɪˈmɪʃənz ɪz ə dɪˈsɪʒən. ɪts ɪˈmɪʃənz trəˈʤɛktəri ɪz naʊ ˈsɪmələr tɪ ˈjʊrəp ənd ðə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ, ʤɪst ˈfərðər bɪˈhaɪnd bɪˈkəz ɪt stɪl həz soʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ɪn ˈpɑvərti. ˈsaɪəntɪsts wɪl fɪr ðɪs əˈgrimənt ɪz nɑt jɛt strɔŋ ɪˈnəf. bət ɪt dɪz ʃoʊ ˈlidərˌʃɪp ənd ɪt sɛndz ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈsɪgnəl tɪ ˌfɪnənˈsɪrz ðət ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ ɪn ˈdərti fjuəlz fər ðə fˈjuʧər ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə rɪsk. ˈfɑloʊ ˈrɑʤər ɔn tˈwɪtər 'sloʊ, pik ðɛn rɪˈvərs' ðə nu goʊl frəm ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɪz əp frəm ə ˈpriviəs ˈtərgət tɪ kət ɪˈmɪʃənz baɪ 17 baɪ 2020 kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ 2005 ˈlɛvəlz. ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, ˈʧaɪnə toʊld ə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈsəmɪt ɔn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ðət ɪt wʊd sun sɛt ə pik fər ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz ənd ðət ɪt wʊd meɪk ɪts ɪˈkɑnəmi mɔr ˈkɑrbən ɪˈfɪʃənt baɪ 2020 ˈʧaɪnə hæd ˈpriviəsli eɪmd tɪ rɪˈdus ɪts ˈkɑrbən ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti, wɪʧ mɛnt rɪˈdusɪŋ ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ɪˈmɪʃənz pər ˈdɔlər əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈaʊtˌpʊt. ðɪs mɛnt ðət wɪθ ɪts ˈræpədli groʊɪŋ ɪˈkɑnəmi, ɪts ɪˈmɪʃənz kʊd stɪl raɪz. ˈwɛnzˌdeɪz plɛʤ ɪz ðə fərst taɪm ɪt həz əˈgrid tɪ sɛt ə ˈsilɪŋ, ɔlˈbiɪt ən ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd wən, ɔn ˈoʊvərˌɔl ɪˈmɪʃənz. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ðə ˈjuˈɛn həz wɔrnd ðət ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ hæv ə səˈvɪr ˌɪmˈpækt ˈmɪstər ˌoʊˈbɑmə kɔld ˈwɛnzˌdeɪz əˈgrimənt "hɪˈstɔrɪk" ənd sɛd ðə ˈjuˈɛs wʊd wərk wɪθ ˈʧaɪnə tɪ "sloʊ, pik ənd ðɛn rɪˈvərs ðə kɔrs əv ˈʧaɪnəz ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz". rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlidərz ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs riˈæktɪd ˈstrɔŋli tɪ wət ðeɪ kɔld ən "ənˌriˈlɪstɪk plæn" prəˈpoʊzd baɪ ˈmɪstər ˌoʊˈbɑmə. "ðɪs ənˌriˈlɪstɪk plæn, ðət ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt wʊd dəmp ɔn hɪz səkˈsɛsər, wʊd ɪnˈʃʊr haɪər juˈtɪləti reɪts ənd fɑr fjuər ʤɑbz," ˈsɛnɪt rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈlidər mɪʧ məˈkɑnəl sɛd. ðə ˈjuˈɛn həz ˈpriviəsli wɔrnd ðət ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi "səˈvɪr, pərˈveɪsɪv ənd ˌɪrɪˈvərsəbəl", ənd wʊd lɛd tɪ ˈprɑbləmz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ si ˈlɛvəl raɪz, ˈgreɪtər rɪsk əv ˈflədɪŋ ənd ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ krɑp jildz. hɔŋ kɔŋg ˈproʊˌtɛsts ɪn ə rɛr ʤɔɪnt prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ ˈænsərd kˈwɛsʧənz frəm ˈʤərnəlɪsts, ˈmɪstər ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd ˈmɪstər ʃi dru əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə weɪz ɪn wɪʧ ðə tu ˈgloʊbəl ˈsupər paʊərz kʊd wərk təˈgɛðər. ðeɪ əˈgrid tɪ bust treɪd, ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈæksədənts. bət ˈdɪfərənsɪz wər ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈsprɛst ˈmɪstər ˌoʊˈbɑmə sɛd hi hæd prɛst ˈmɪstər ʃi ɔn ˈʧaɪnəz ˈjumən raɪts ˈrɛkərd ənd ˈsaɪbər sɪˈkjʊrəti θrɛts. ˈproʊˌtɛsts ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪdɪd ə pɔɪnt əv kənˈtɛnʃən. ˈmɪstər ˌoʊˈbɑmə sɛd ðə ˈjuˈɛs wʊd ɪnˈkərəʤ fri ənd fɛr ɪˈlɛkʃənz, waɪl ˈmɪstər ʃi ˈsteɪtɪd ˈɪʃuz ɪn ðə ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri wər ən ˌɪnˈtərnəl ʧaɪˈniz əˈfɛr. ˈmɪstər ˌoʊˈbɑmə sɛd ðə ˈjuˈɛs wʊd nɑt ˌɪntərˈvin ɪn saʊθ ˈʧaɪnə si ˌtɛrɪˈtɔriəl dɪˈspjuts, bət sɛd ɪt hæd ən ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈfridəm əv ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən ənd ðət ɪt hoʊpt ðə ˈkɑnflɪkts wʊd bi riˈzɑlvd ˈpisfəli. tɔp 10 2013 əv ˈgloʊbəl ˈtoʊtəl ˈʧaɪnə 29 ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ 15 10 ˈɪndiə ˈrəʃən ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən ʤəˈpæn ˈʤərməni riˈpəblɪk əv ˌkɔˈriə ˌɪˈrɑn ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə sɔrs: ˈgloʊbəl ˈkɑrbən ˈprɑʤɛkt |
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