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Reddit unveils developer platform to boost third-party bots
18 Aug 2022
Image: © JHVEPhoto/
Reddit said its new platform will help third-party developers who currently work with ‘limited resources and ad-hoc support’.
Reddit is working on platform to support third-party developers making bots and apps for the site.
The social media site has opened a waiting list for the beta version of its developer platform for those who want early access.
While Reddit is developing its own tools, it said that users may want to develop other ways to engage with communities and that moderators in particular have developed numerous tools and bots to lighten their workload and improve subreddit pages.
Reddit also mentioned examples of useful third-party software on the site, such as a bot that sends a direct message to remind users about events, or a tool that detects Twitter links and puts the contents of the tweet on Reddit.
The company said third-party developers on the site currently operate as “siloed resources” for certain communities and work with “limited resources and ad-hoc support”. It said its new platform aims to change these issues.
“The developer platform team is focused on creating offerings that improve support, flexibility and performance for our third-party developers,” Reddit said in a blogpost.
“We are excited to work with our community to build apps that improve the Reddit experience and ensure those extensions are discoverable and trustworthy.”
Reddit said the platform will help developers find resources, tools and get the best answers to their questions easier. The company added that it aims to maintain alignment with those who are building tools around Reddit’s “guiding principles” and “broader values”.
“Building tools and products that create simpler, richer and more relevant experiences for redditors has always been at the forefront of everything we do,” the company said. “As noted earlier this year by our chief product officer, Pali Bhat, supporting and working with developers will only make Reddit more extensible and make using Reddit better for everyone.”
In June, Reddit acquired machine learning platform Spell to help make content more relevant to its users and communities using AI tech.
Leigh Mc Gowran is a journalist with Silicon Republic
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Industrial-Strength Strategies: Regional Business Clusters and Public Policy
Industrial-Strength Strategies: Regional Business Clusters and Public Policy, by Stuart A. Rosenfeld, 1995. An exploration into how policymakers and practitioners, particularly in rural areas, can incorporate cluster-based economic development strategies. This publication explains what cluster-focused policymaking is — and why it is sometimes resisted. It discusses how to identify and analyze a region's clusters, and how to develop strategies appropriate to those clusters. The book features two full-length case studies, and gives specific guidance to state, federal, and local governments interested in cluster-based development.
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3 - Spatial numerical discretization methods for nanoparticles transport in porous media
AbstractNowadays, computational methods are becoming increasingly more of a third science research means, parallel with experimental and theoretical methods. Especially in oil engineering and the research of groundwater flow and transport phenomena, numerical simulation is turning the most essential method, due to the fast development of computers. Generally, when adopting numerical simulation to research problems, the first step is establishing a mathematical model according to some physical laws of the problems. The second procedure is discretizing the mathematical model, followed by the third step, which is to code and run it on the computer to get the results. Finally, we can understand the original problem through simulation results. In this chapter, we introduce numerical methods that will be used for spatial discretization in nanoparticle transport in porous media. This chapter starts with mesh generation using MATLAB, including uniform and nonuniform 1D/2D/3D grids. After that, we introduce the cell-centered finite difference method (CCFD), including the discretization of the pressure equation, Darcy's law, and how to treat the boundary conditions. Then, the vectored implementation (shifting-matrix) of the CCFD method was presented. Therefore, the harmonic mean of permeability and transmissibility matrices has been listed. Moreover, the finite element method (FEM) is discussed by highlighting its discretization and weak formulation. The theoretical foundation of the FEM requires presenting Raviart–Thomas space. Also, the mixed FEM has been discussed with some numerical examples as it is essential in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) that govern the flow and transport in porous media.
Book titleNumerical Modeling of Nanoparticle Transport in Porous Media MATLAB/PYTHON Approach
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Students will: 1.) examine the Hindu tradition of threshold art; 2.) discuss how Indian values are expressed in the ephemeral art of threshold painting; 3.) draw traditional connect-the-dots threshold art designs; 4.) make colored rice flour and create an auspicious floor painting
Materials: Rice flour (denser than wheat flour; sold at Indian food markets), food dye, zip lock bags, cups, large sheets of brown butcher paper, water; Map of India (see above); Artworks: photos of Indian threshold floor and wall paintings (see suggested resources below); Worksheets: Threshold Art: Connect the Dot Designs and Template of Dots: Four Points Forming a Rhomboid; Video: Rangoli
Throughout the subcontinent of India, women of all ages, castes, and professions, perform the traditional art of threshold painting. It is known as muggu in Andhra Pradesh; rangoli in Maharashtra and Gujarat; chowk purana in Uttar Pradesh; mandana in Rajasthan; alpana in Bengal; chita in Orissa; and kolam in Tamil Nadu. Although the styles of design and frequency with which it is painted vary from region to region, the symbolic meaning of this art form is the same: it links Hindu women to the goddess Lakshmi whom they invite to depart her heavenly abode and rest momentarily at their thresholds upon an intricate rice flour diagram. In this manner, the Goddess brings good fortune, enveloping the home in an auspicious sphere of protection.
- Locate India on a map.
- Explain to students that India is geographically and culturally diverse; each region exemplifying its own unique set of styles and customs. Have students perform research on the Hindu belief system.
- Discuss how the gods are honored through acts of devotion. Examine how Hindu worship is experiential: the practitioner uses touch, chants, incense, vibrant colors, and movement to invoke the gods.
- Show video: Rangoli. Describe the tradition of threshold painting and ask students to analyze how Indian values are expressed in this ephemeral medium. Ask students, “Why are threshold paintings made if the artists know they will be erased soon after?” and “How is this act of devotion different or similar to other religions?”
- Show students examples of threshold designs. Explain to students that in the Indian states of Maharashtra and Gujarat (located on the western coast of India) threshold art is called rangoli and is created with vibrant colored powders. This is in contrast to other states such as Tamil Nadu where white rice flour is the primary medium; colored powders being used only on special occasions such as festivals. Traditionally, rangoli was made by coloring rice flour with vegetable dye. Today, women use commercially made powders. Explain that threshold art designs are based on a grid of dots. These guide the composition so that it is balanced and symmetrical.
Drawing Rangoli Design
- Give students the worksheets: Threshold Art: Connect the Dot Designs and Template of Dots: Four Points Forming a Rhomboid.
- Start by drawing a basic six pointed star (a symbol of the Goddess Lakshmi). Next, incorporate curving lines, repetitive shapes, and borders.
- Lastly, experiment drawing abstract and representational subject matter such as animals, flowers, figures, and architectural structures.
Making Rangoli Colored Flour
- Scoop one half cup of rice flour and pour it into a zip-lock bag.
- In another cup, mix two tablespoons of water with a drop of food dye (your color of choice).
- Pour the mixture into the flour-filled bag, zip it up, and shake!
- Add more dye with water for a deeper hue.
- Use a different zip-lock bag for each color to be used in the design.
- Using pencil, draw a grid of dots on a large sheet of brown butcher paper. *Tip: the larger the area, the easier it is to “paint” using rice flour.
- Take a pinch of colored flour and begin painting by moving the thumb downward against the index and middle finger. Create a vibrant design by filling in the shapes with a range of colors.
- At the end of the class session, fold the butcher paper and pour the colored flour back into the zip lock bags to be used again during the next session.
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MM To Micrometers
Why use MM to Micrometers Micrometers converter, to change over.MM to Micrometers rapidly and effortlessly. The MM to Micrometers table underneath appears as a transformation between MM and inches.
MM To Micrometers
Millimeter
Micrometers
How to Change MM to Micrometers Utilizing DaProfitClub?
Understanding MM to Micrometers Conversion
Millimeters (MM) and micrometers (μm) are units of length used to measure small distances. While both are metric units, they differ in scale. Millimeters are larger, with one millimeter equal to 1000 micrometers. Understanding the conversion between these units is essential for various applications, from engineering to manufacturing.
Units and Symbols
Millimeters (MM): Symbolized as "mm," millimeters are commonly used in everyday measurements, such as the length of an object or the thickness of a material.
Micrometers (μm): Represented as "μm," micrometers are significantly smaller than millimeters and are often used to measure microscopic distances, such as the width of a cell or the thickness of a coating.
Engineering and Manufacturing: Professionals in engineering, manufacturing, and scientific fields often deal with measurements requiring conversions between millimeters and micrometers. Familiarize yourself with this conversion for accurate and precise measurements in your projects.
Other Relevant Tools
Apart from MM to micrometer conversion, DaProfitClub provides various other tools and resources for mathematical calculations, unit conversions, and data analysis. Explore our platform for a comprehensive suite of tools tailored to your needs
Question: Which is used to measure larger distances, millimeters or micrometers? Answer: Millimeters
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Question from Class 12 Chapter Default
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Latest Blog Post
MPBSE has confirmed that it will be holding the pending 10 & 12 board exams for only 19 core subjects. Get the complete list of subjects here.
CBSE releases FAQs on its promotion policy, due to COVID-19 outbreak, for 2019-2020 session. Read various common questions based on CBSE promotion policy.
CBSE introduces applied mathematics as new academic elective subject for class 11 & 12 students. Know CBSE curriculum, FAQs, and other related updates.
Haryana govt to promote all students from class 1 - 8 without conducting board exam due to covid- 19 lockdown. Check for more latest HSEB updates.
NTA has reopened the application form correction window for JEE mains April 2020 & NEET 2020. Check out important dates & steps to make correction form.
CBSE 2020 board exam for class 10 & 12 to be held for only 29 main subjects as per latest notification. Get complete subject list for class 10 & 12 exams.
Representation of sequences and different types of series
Definition + algorithm to determine the sequence of AP
General term of an AP
`n^(th)` term of an AP from the end
The `n^(th)` term of the sequence is `3n-2` . Is the sequence an AP. If so; find the 10th term .
If first term is 8 and last term is 20 common diffference is 2 . find the value of n when the series are in AP.
Which term of the sequence is the first negative term .. `20; 19(1/4);18(1/2);17(3/4).....`
Show that the sum of `(m+n)^(th) and (m-n)^(th)` term of an AP is equal to twice the `m^(th)` term ?
Show that sum `S_n` of n terms of an AP with first term a and common difference d is `S_n=n/2(2a+(n-1)d)`
Find the sum of 20 terms of the AP 1, 4, 7, 10,....
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View Full Version : SAT Writing
1. practice SAT II Writing essays
2. how to write a perfect essay
3. What are your SAT Writing and essay scores so far?
4. pleased tell me!
5. Please Grade My Essay: Overrated/Underrated by others - which is better?
6. Please grade my essay: Do people learn who they are only when they are forced into ac
7. please grade my SAT essay
8. score my SAT essay please
9. [SAT essay] Is jealousy ever a good thing?
10. Score my essay!!!! Prepping for Oct 2008 SAT
11. Please!!! Grade my SAT essay!!! Begging you guys!!! T . T
12. Grade my SAT essay PLEASE
13. Score My SAT Essay, Please
14. Please grade my essay
15. Essay - outsatnding or disastrous? please, evaluate
16. This is my first time writing here. Please get me scored.
17. (SAT essay)
18. Please grade my SAT essay.
19. Can someone please evaluate this SAT essay?
20. Can you please grade this practice SAT essay? You're the best:)
21. Grade my SAT essay PL3ASE
22. SAT essay: What motivates people to change? Grade my essay please
23. Please rate my SAT writing regarding thw most difficult options to choose from
24. Can some1 please evaluate my SAT writing?
25. Can someone score my sat essay? I'm confused about it.
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You have to breathe to live, and thankfully your body does it unconsciously. The way you breathe can impact your mental health and physical performance, so it’s important to learn how to breathe optimally. Harnessing the power of your breath starts with understanding your body, being aware of your environment, and practicing your breathing for peak readiness and performance.
The connection between your brain and breath
There are two key parts to your autonomic nervous system: parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS). They each work to keep you alive, one being more active than the other, depending on the situation. PNS is more active when you’re calm and at rest. SNS is more active when you’re under stress, as it prepares you for action (that is, increased breathing and heart rate). Stress, such as exercise or cold exposure, can be beneficial in the right amounts and with the right stress mindset.
However, when you’re constantly (chronically) stressed, your SNS can become overactive. Common stressors of modern life—such as constant notifications from your phone, fast-paced lifestyle, being stuck in traffic, rigorous training, and so on—make it easy for your SNS to be perpetually “switched on,” which can lead to chronic anxiety, sleep disorders, increased blood pressure, and more.
“The mind is king of the body, and the breath is king of the mind.”
– B.K.S. Iyengar
Are you breathing incorrectly?
Breathing optimally can help you feel more calm, relaxed, and prepared to handle any stressor. Adults typically breathe at a rate of 15–18 breaths per minute. That’s a breath about every 3–4 seconds, and over 20,000 a day. At this breathing rate, adults might be “over-breathing.” So, what’s the problem? Carbon dioxide plays an important role in helping bring oxygen to cells and tissues. When you over-breathe, sufficient oxygen is being taken into the blood when you inhale, but too much carbon dioxide is being exhaled to make the oxygen useful. This low-oxygen state in your body can cause SNS (your fight-or-flight response) to kick in when it isn’t optimal and potentially cause it to go into overdrive.
The optimal breathing rate for humans to experience the benefits of PNS is actually closer to about 6–8 full breaths per minute. This means if you want to take control of your breathing to calm down or regain focus, you would inhale for 4–5 seconds and then exhale for 4–5 seconds. This rate lowers blood pressure and can actually decrease SNS activation—meaning that slowing your breathing down favors activation of your PNS (“rest and digest”), leading to a calmer state of mind. Breathing happens mostly unconsciously, and your breathing rate will vary based on your body’s needs (exercising vs. at rest), so it’s unrealistic to expect to breathe at this rate all the time. However, setting aside some time throughout your day to practice slow, mindful breathing—much like you would with an exercise program—can have many benefits.
So, what can you do to improve your breath control (when resting or active) and boost your health and performance?
Inhaling through your nose better filters, warms, and humidifies air before it gets to your lungs, boosting health and immunity. It’s also been shown to have similar effects to slow breathing: increased nitric oxide (promotes blood flow), lower heart rate and blood pressure, reduced anxiety and stress, and improved athletic performance.
Feeling stressed? Slow down your breath!
Slowing your breathing to a rate of about 6–8 breaths per minute (inhale and exhale to counts of 4 or 5), even for a short time, has been shown to decrease activity of SNS, reduce anxiety symptoms, and improve mental performance and memory. Slow breathing also physically increases heart rate variability, which is linked to decreased stress and better health. Slow breathing has even been recognized by the military as an effective tool to reduce combat stress. This practice will enable you to use your breath as a tool to make sure you’re in your optimal zone to perform at your best.
Tactical breathing and mindfulness for performance optimization... Read More
Practice breathing through your nose
Most people breathe too much through their mouth. Inhaling primarily through your mouth is associated with sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea, poor cognitive performance, and memory problems. Inhaling through your mouth is associated with higher SNS activity, while inhaling through your nose is associated with higher PNS activity because of receptors in your nasal cavity.
Inhaling through your nose better filters, warms, and humidifies air before it gets to your lungs, boosting health and immunity. It’s also been shown to have similar effects to slow breathing: increased nitric oxide (promotes blood flow), lower heart rate and blood pressure, reduced anxiety and stress, and even improved athletic performance. If you’re in the habit of breathing through your mouth, it might feel uncomfortable to breathe through your nose or hard to remember to do. This is where practice makes perfect. Find time each day to practice breathing optimally to gain comfort and eventually make it a habit. Experiment with your breath and find what works best for you. Try morning and nighttime breathing practices that incorporate slow and nasal breathing.
Morning breathing practice
- Find a comfortable seated position.
- Close your eyes and mouth. Deeply inhale through your nose for 3 seconds, fully filling your lungs.
- Pause for 3 seconds at the top of your breath, and then exhale deeply (out of your nose or mouth) for 3 seconds, pushing all the air out of your lungs.
- Pause again for 3 seconds at the bottom and repeat for a few minutes. Use this practice, known commonly as combat breathing, for a relaxed, calm, and mentally focused start to your day.
- If you feel comfortable, extend your inhales and exhales up to 4–6 seconds.
- Experiment with different times and observe how they make you feel.
- As you make this a habit, anytime you find yourself feeling overly stressed at any point in your day (maybe before or after a difficult meeting or conversation), take a minute or two to close your eyes and mouth, and take a few deep breaths in this pattern to calm yourself and refocus.
Nighttime breathing practice
- Find a comfortable seated position or lie down.
- Similar to the morning practice, breathe in deeply through your nose and out through your nose or mouth, but make your exhale twice as long as your inhale.
- For example, inhale for 3 seconds, pause for just a second at the top, and then slowly exhale for 6 seconds, and repeat. Take your breath count to 4 seconds and 8 seconds, or even 5 and 10 (or more) if you feel comfortable.
- Practice this breathing pattern before bed, especially if you have trouble winding down and falling asleep.
Throughout your busy days, remember to breathe deeply. Slow your breath and breathe through your nose. When practicing breath control in this way, observe how it makes you feel: calm and ready for anything.
For more information on breath practice, read HPRC’s article on tactical breathing. Make sure to watch HPRC’s video below to learn the basics of belly breathing too.
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Eutropics’ PraediCare Dx™ platform provides a biomarker technology for accelerating drug discovery and development.
Eutropics is advancing personalized medicine by providing novel, predictive diagnostic tests that are uniquely accurate in guiding patient cancer treatments.
Innovative leading cancer treatment response predictors
Demonstrated medical utility in blood cancers
CLIA certified tests for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Validated tests for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
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Presentation (Powerpoint) File
Be sure that you have an application to open this file type before downloading and/or purchasing.
0.5 MB | 10 pages
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
This Power Point is made to go along with the EnVision Math series for 5th Grade Math. (Topic 7 Lesson 5- Dividing Decimals by 10, 100, or 1,000).
This Power Point also includes a link to a Khan Academy video. I find that my students benefit from seeing it explained again, but in a slightly different way. (Or let's be honest- they like hearing someone else's voice
Question: What specific topic and lesson does this PowerPoint cover? Answer: Topic 7, Lesson 5 - Dividing Decimals by 10, 100, or 1,000
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Breadcrumb trail
Which medical expenses are not eligible?
There are a number of expenses that are commonly claimed as medical expenses in error. The expenses that you cannot claim include the following:
athletic or fitness club fees;
birth control devices (non-prescription);
blood pressure monitors;
cosmetic surgery - expenses for purely cosmetic procedures including any related services and other expenses such as travel, incurred after March 4, 2010,cannot be claimed as medical expenses. Both surgical and non-surgical procedures purely aimed at enhancing one's appearance are not eligible. These non-eligible expenses include the following:
liposuction;
hair replacement procedures;
botulinum injections;
teeth whitening.
An expense, including those identified above, may qualify as a medical expense if it is necessary for medical or reconstructive purposes, such as surgery to address a deformity related to a congenital abnormality, a personal injury resulting from an accident or trauma, or a disfiguring disease.
diaper services;
health plan premiums paid by an employer and not included in your income;
health programs;
organic food;
over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and supplements, even if prescribed by a medical practitioner;
Question: Can an expense be claimed as medical if it's necessary for medical or reconstructive purposes? Answer: Yes.
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A woman cleaning outside a shopping center in Cape Coral pepper sprayed a strange man who ran up to her while she was working.
The incident happened Monday morning at Northpoint Shopping Plaza on Pine Island Road.
The woman told police she was working on the backside of the plaza blowing leaves around 5 a.m. when two men approached her in a truck.
One got out and began walking quickly towards her.
"The truck was following her down the street. She saw that first and then kind of turned and looked behind her and he was beside her. She said the look that changed on his face, went from kind of a normal to a really evil kind of look and she just grabbed her mace and sprayed him in the face." said Virgil Vertrees, the woman’s employer.
The woman told police officers the stranger did not grab her or threaten her outright, but his presence and movements made her scared enough to pepper spray him.
"It's really scary because I have about 27 employees that clean properties at night. It's really scary when it's the girls." Vertrees said.
The woman told officers after pepper spraying the man, he ran off, jumped in a pickup truck with another man wearing a cowboy hat and they took off.
Vertrees is now cautioning his workers to be on the lookout for any strangers acting oddly.
"Make sure you're watching who's in the parking lots, who is around. If you see cars or hear noises, look up, don't just keep your head down.” Vertrees said.
No one has come forward to police saying they were accidentally pepper sprayed by the woman.
The two men are described as Hispanic, and they drove an older style dark colored pick up truck.
Cape Coral Police Department says if this were a situation of mistaken identity, a case like this would likely be written up and forwarded to the state attorney's office to determine if the person maced wanted to prosecute.
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Pleomorphic Breast Cancer
A breast cancer tumor in which greater than 50% of the cell population is characterized by pleomorphic shapes, is often termed ‘pleomorphic breast carcinoma’. Tumor cell pleomorphism usually implies six or more variations in bizarre-looking malignant cells, and is one of a number of different histological aspects a pathologist will consider when considering the malignant or benign nature of a breast tumor.
Pleomorphic breast cancer is not well recognized within the morphological spectrum of breast carcinoma, but more and more is tending to be considered a distinct breast cancer phenotype.
Pleomorphic breast carcinoma is considered a rare high-grade variant of invasive ductal carcinoma (not otherwise specified, NOS), with a somewhat less favorable diagnosis than other common breast cancers.
Pleomorphic breast cancer may also develop in lobules
There is also kind of pleomorphic breast carcinoma which develops in the breast lobules rather than the ducts, termed invasive pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (IPLC), which may also now be considered a unique sub-type of breast cancer.
Pleomorphic tumor cells can also occur in other kinds of breast cancer, such as carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells, mammary sarcoma, and in metastatic tumors, so there is a danger for an initial misdiagnosis. (The rate of initial misclassification is actually very high, over 50% in some studies.)
The average age in which women tend to develop pleomorphic breast cancer is around 51-55 years of age, though it has known to develop in women as young as the mid 20s, and as late as the 80s to 90s. In most cases, pleomorphic breast carcinoma is discovered clinically as a palpable mass, with a minority found via screening mammography.
In many instances pleomorphic breast cancer is initially diagnosed as sarcoma (cancer of muscle tissue), and later determined to be pleomorphic breast carcinoma. A ‘spindle-cell’ component (spindle cells are often associated with smooth muscle and connective tissue) is found in up to 40% of pleomorphic breast carcinoma tumors, sometimes accounting for more than 25% of the total tumor mass.
Mammographic features common to pleomorphic breast cancer
Pleomorphic breast cancer tumors will often fail to show the ‘classic’ features of breast carcinoma on mammography, and ultrasound is not necessarily any clearer. Mammograms of pleomorphic breast cancer tumors will tend to show well-circumscribed lesions without evidence of calcification.
Sometimes X-ray images of pleomorphic breast carcinoma tumors can given the impressions of benign breast tumors such as fibroadenoma, of inflammatory breast conditions, or possibly a malignant phyllodes tumor.
Ultrasound images often show intracystic elements
Sonograms of pleomorphic breast carcinoma tend to present as either low echo tumors with distinct circumscription or tumors well-distributed internal echoes. Ultrasound often reveals intracystic features within the tumor as well.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sometimes used in the diagnosis of pleomorphic breast carcinoma, and will tend to show showed a homogeneous hyperintense cystic mass on T2-weighted images, and contrast-enhanced MRI might show contrast enhancement in irregular portions of the tumor walls.
Histological aspects of pleomorphic carcinomas of the breast
In order to be classified as pleomorphic breast carcinoma, the tumor should be comprised of a pleomorphic cell population of 50-100%, though up to 1/3 of tumors also show a prominent spindle-cell morphology.
Most pleomorphic breast tumors will present with a histological grade III. Some pleomorphic breast carcinomas will feature ‘giant’ cells with multiple nuclei (Giant cells can be 10 times larger than typical mono-nuclear cells). Pleomorphic breast carcinomas tend to be hyper-chromatic, with coarsely clumped chromatin, and multiple prominent nucleoli. The rate of cell mitosis tends to be very high (often greater than 20 mitotic figures per 10 HPFs ( ‘high power field’ microscopic views). Abnormal mitosis is also frequent.
Immunoreactive features typical of pleomorphic breast carcinoma
Almost all pleomorphic breast cancer tumors will stain negative for estrogen receptors, and most are also negative for progesterone receptors. They are also generally negative for Bcl-2. However, pleomorphic breast carcinoma tends to be positive for PCNA and AE1/AE3. p53 tends to be expressed in about two thirds of pleomorphic breast cancer tumors, and S-100 in perhaps 40% of tumors. Expressions of C-erbB-2, PCNA, S-100, EMA, and p53 are frequently associated with promotion of tumor cell growth and metastasis through different modes of actions, are often suggestive of a poorer breast cancer prognosis.
Furthermore, the lack of expression of ER, PR, and Bcl-2 tends to occur in tumors with high histological grade, all contributing to the poorer outlook generally associated with pleomorphic breast carcinoma. The image below shows positive PCNA and p53 staining on the cell nuclei of a pleomorphic breast carcinoma tumor.
Invasive pleomorphic lobular breast carcinoma (IPLC)
Invasive lobular breast carcinoma represents somewhere between 5 and 10% of all breast cancer tumors, and lobular carcinomas generally have a much better prognosis than ductal carcinomas. Invasive pleomorphic lobular breast carcinoma (IPLC) is considered a distinctive subtype of invasive lobular carcinomas, accounting for under 0.7% of all breast cancers, and less than 5% of lobular breast carcinomas. Pleomorphic lobular breast carcinoma,however, is highly aggressive, and usually presents as a grade II to III tumor. Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast seems to develop most often in postmenopausal women, with an average age of about 59.
As compared to lobular invasive carcinoma of a general type, invasive pleomorphic lobular breast carcinoma tends to present with a higher histological grade, a greater degree or vascular invasion, and more multifocality. The rate of metastasis is moderate at about 12%, and the mortality rate due to invasive pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast might be estimated at around 6%. That is significantly higher than for invasive lobular breast carcinoma, which is considered a fairly mild form of breast cancer.
Histological characteristics of invasive pleomorphic lobular breast carcinoma
Similar to pleomorphic carcinoma, invasive pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast will typically present with enlarged nuclei with hyperchromasia, irregularities, and marked plemorphism.
However, the growth pattern for invasive pleomorphic lobular breast carcinoma is different than for pleomorphic (ductal) breast carcinoma, as tumor cells tend to either disperse through fibrous connective tissues or arrange themselves in a ‘single-file’ line, which would be typical for invasive lobular breast carcinoma of a general type.
Cells also may develop into ‘targetoid’ distributions around benign ducts, also typical of invasive lobular breast carcinoma, but the cell pleomorphism is much more marked than with invasive lobular breast carcinoma, which tends to have a relatively uniform tumor cell population.
In terms of immunoreactivity, pleomorphic lobular breast carcinomas tend to be ER positive, and consistently positive for gross cystic disease fluid protein15 (GCDFP-15), (which is considered a marker of apocrine differentiation.
The term -“Pleomorphic lobular apocrine carcinoma”, is sometimes also used). Significantly, invasive pleomorphic lobular breast carcinomas are usually negative for the E-cadherin protein.
Lack of E-cadherin protein and loss of heterozygosity also characteristic for invasive pleomorphic lobular breast carcinoma
Analysis of tumor samples for the E-cadherin glycoprotein expression has proven to be a very useful tool for distinguishing lobular from ductal carcinomas. A complete loss of E-cadherin expression occurs in most infiltrating lobular tumors and lobular carcinomas in situ, but is almost never the case with ductal breast carcinomas. (reduced levels of membrane-bround E-cadherin are reported in about 50% of ductal breast cancers, but there is never a complete loss of E-cadherin.) E-cadherin is a ‘transmembrane glycoprotein’ which functions to mediate cell-to-cell- adhesion in epithelial tissue, and dysfunction of the E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complex is a very common development in many cancers, not just breast cancer.
Loss of heterozygosity is common in invasive pleomorphic breast carcinomas
It is generally believed that there is a strong association between loss of E-cadherin expression and subsequent loss of genetic heterozygosity. Heterozygosity essentially refers to gene diversity, and ‘high heterozygosity’ implies lots of genetic variability, while ‘low heterozygosity’ suggests little genetic variability. Heterozygosity is often measured according to an ‘observed level’ versus an ‘expected level’ (the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium) The loss of heterozygosity in a cell represents the loss of normal function of one allele of a gene in which the other allele was already inactivated. This often indicates the absence of a functional tumor suppressor gene in a tumor, and is a common occurrence in cancer. (Alleles are different versions of the same gene that are expressed as different phenotypes, and new alleles appear in a population by the random and natural process of mutation. If new alleles do not appear, this is evidence of abnormal genetic activity, most likely due to cancer) Almost all invasive pleomorphic lobular breast cancers demonstrate this loss of heterozygosity.
Treatment and Prognosis for Pleomorphic carcinomas of the breast
Pleomorphic breast cancer tends to be treated aggressively, and in a manner consistent with conventional invasive ductal breast carcinomas. Most women are treated with radical or modified radical mastecomy, and a minority with breast conserving surgery. Axillary dissection is generally undertaken. The rate of positive lymph node metastasis will of course vary in individual cases, but it on the high side, and might be estimated at around 50% of cases. Metastasis to other body sites occurs most commonly to the liver, followed by the lung, pleura, and bone.
Survival rates are higher without metaplastic spindle-cell features
Overall statistics tend to show a five year disease free survival rate of about 40%, although about 40% of women with pleomorphic breast cancer may succumb to the disease in 2-3 years. However, the absence of a significant spindle-cell component has been demontrated to have a positive effect on survival, as well as a tumor size of less than 5cm at the time of diagnosis. It may be estimated that patients with pleomorphic carcinoma of the breast but without a significant metaplastic spindle-cell component will survive the disease about 90% of the time.
Please note, this page is actually quite old, written many years ago. Since then, treatment results of breast cancer have improved a lot. You must disregard the survival numbers you read here, and know they are better. To find out how much better, see our full NEW index of Articles on Survival.
- Silver SA, Tavassoli FA. Pleomorphic carcinoma of the breast: clinicopathological analysis of 26 cases of an unusual high-grade phenotype of ductal carcinoma. Histopathology. 2000 Jun;36(6):505-14.
- Gil Deza, E., Japaze, H., Garcia Gerardi, C., Diaz, C., Gercovich, N., Morgenfeld, E., Rivarola, E., Russo, M., Frahm, I., Gercovich, FG.,Lobular invasive pleomorphic breast cancer (BC) should be isolated from the classic type. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2007 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. Vol 25, No. 18S (June 20 Supplement), 2007: 17024
- Palacios, J., Sarrio, D., Garcia-Macias, MC., Bryant, B., Sobel, M, Merino, MJ., Frequent E-cadherin Gene Inactivation by Loss of Heterozygosity in Pleomorphic Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast. Mod Pathol 2003;16(7):674–678
- Takeichi M. Cadherin cell adhesion receptors as a morphogenetic regulator. Science 1991; 251: 1451–1455.
- Cleton-Jansen AM, Callen DF, Seshadri R, Goldup S, Mccallum B, Crawford J, et al. Loss of heterozygosity mapping at chromosome arm 16q in 712 breast tumors reveals factors that influence delineation of candidate regions. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 1171–1177.
- Page DL, Anderson TJ, Rogers LW. Diagnostic histopathology of the breast. 2nd ed. Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingstone; 1988.
- Gamallo C, Palacios J, Suarez A, Pizarro A, Navarro P, Quintanilla M, et al. Correlation of E-cadherin expression with differentiation grade and histological type in breast carcinoma. Am J Pathol 1993; 142: 983–987.
- Nguyen, CV., Falcón-Escobedo, R.,Hunt, K K., Nayeemuddin, KM., Lester, TR., Harrell, RK., Bassett, R L,. Gilcrease, MZ Pleomorphic Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast: Predictors of Decreased Overall Survival.American Journal of Surgical Pathology: April 2010 – Volume 34 – Issue 4 – pp 486-493
- Kini, H., Pai, R., Rau, AR., Lobo, FD., Augustine, AJ., Ramsesh, BS., Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast – a diagnostic dilemma. J Cytol 2007;24:193-5
- Weidner N, Semple JP. Pleomorphic variant of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. Hum Pathol 1992; 23:1167-71.
- Auger M, Huttner I. Fine needle aspiration cytology of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 1997; 81: 29-32
- Dabbs DJ, Grenko RT, Silverman JF. Fine needle aspiration cytology of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast. Acta Cytol 1994; 38: 923-6.
- Yamaguchi, R., Tanaka, M., Yamaguchi, M., Fukushima, T., Kaneko, Y., Otsuka, H., Isobe, S., Terasaki, H., Nakashima, O., Kage, M., Yano, H., Pleomorphic carcinoma of the breast in a 17-year-old woman. The Japanese Society for Clinical Moldecular Morphology,(2010) 43:43–47.
- Zhao, J., Lang, R., Guo, X., Chen, L., Gu, F., Fu, X., Fu, L. Clinicopathologic characteristics of pleomorphic carcinoma of the breast.Virchows Arch (2010) 456:31–37
- Kymionis GD, Dimitrakakis CE, Konstadoulakis MM et al (2001) Can expression of apoptosis genes, bcl-2 and bax, predict survival and responsiveness to chemotherapy in node-negative breast cancer patients? J Surg Res 99:161–168
- Wahed A, Connelly J, Reese T (2002) E-cadherin expression in pleomorphic lobular carcinoma: an aid to differentiation from ductal carcinoma. Ann Diagn Cytopathol 6:349–51
- Tavassoli FA, Eusebi V (2009) Tumors of the breast. American Registry of Pathology/AFIP, Washington
- Hardy, Gh Mendelian Proportions in a mixed population.". Science (Jul 1908). 28 (706): 49–50.
- Weinberg, W. "Über den Nachweis der Vererbung beim Menschen". Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg (1908). 64: 368–382.
Back to Types of Lesions list.
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Voyager, 2017
Fabricated steel, adobe stucco (Portland cement, manure, earth, and straw), acrylic plexi, light.
Voyager was exhibited at the 2017 North Bennington Outdoor Sculpture Exhibition, in North Bennington Vermont.
Voyager uses very 'at home' earthen materials in contrast with industrial and celestial ideas. The scale roughly represents that of many space probes or similar vessels of interstellar travel. The manure stucco confronts the slick manufactured plexi which shines a warm orange light at night. Seeming hollow and heavy, stagnant and moving all at once, the form suggests it may be a part of some other peculiar implement with its lifting hook at it vertex.
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Trump's incoherent stand on immigration
Washington Post:
It’s not entirely clear Donald Trump knows what his position is on H-1B visas
The Republican front-runner has shifted several times about the H-1B program, which grants temporary visas to non-immigrant workers.
Trump relies on his imperfect brain to decide at any given moment what his position is on immigration and utterly puts aside earlier contradictory statements without explanation. The H-1B program is only one of his inconsistencies. His push for mass deportation is followed by a mass amnesty for the same deported immigrants. It is, in fact, a touchback amnesty program, which is an even more expensive program than the Gang of Eight fiasco.
His own record on hiring illegals and on using immigrant labor while ignoring American applicants suggest his positions are more for political convenience than based on an understanding of the issues.
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In this lesson, you will learn how to link Performance Bands to columns in a Custom Report.
Before you Begin
This lesson begins assuming that you have:
- Created at least 1 Custom Report
- Created at least 1 Performance Band, if you are not going to use the District Default
If you'd like to learn about creating Performance Bands, check out Creating and Managing Performance Band Sets.
Where to Start
- Click on Reports.
- Select View Reports.
- Click the title of the custom report you'd like to link a Performance Band to.
- Click Manage Columns.
Performance Band Display
This example displays all 3 options of the Performance Band being selected under Manage Columns:
- New Column
- There is now a second Assessment Percent Column
- Each cell in the column displays the color of the band the student falls under (Blue, Green, Yellow, Red)
- Each cell shows the label the student falls under (Standard Exceeded, Standard Met, Standard Nearly Met, Standard Not Met)
Now that you've learned to link Performance Bands to columns in custom reports, learn more advanced options in Custom Reports: Advanced.
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Introduction: Auscultatory nonmercury manual devices seem good alternatives for the mercury sphygmomanometers in the clinic and for research settings, but individual internal validation of each device is time-consuming. The aim of this study was to validate a new technique capable of testing two devices simultaneously, based on the International protocol of the European Society of Hypertension.
Methods: The concept of the new technique is to measure blood pressure alternatively by two observers using a mercury sphygmomanometer and by two observers using the A&D UM-101 and Accoson Greenlight 300 devices, connected by Y-tube to obtain simultaneous readings with both nonmercury devices. Thirty-three participants were enrolled (mean age 47.2±14.0 years). Nine sequential blood pressure measurements were performed for each participant.
Results: Both devices passed phase 1 using 15 participants. In phase 2.1 (n=33), on a maximum of 99 measurements, the Accoson device produced 81/95/99 measurements within 5/10/15 mmHg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 87/98/99 for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The A&D device produced 86/96/99 for SBP and 94/99/99 for DBP. In phase 2.2 (n=33), 30 participants had at least 2 out of 3 SBP obtained with Accoson device within 5 mmHg of the mercury device, as compared with 29 of 33 participants with the A&D device. For DBP, this was 33 of 33 participants for both devices.
Conclusion: Both the nonmercury devices passed the International protocol. The new technique of simultaneous device testing using a Y-tube represents a time saving application of the International protocol.
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This was a night to keep the radio on when you fell asleep. Very late, when, if you tend, as I do, to listen to public radio in New York, the BBC reporter on the scene in a Chilean desert said that his crew had been told to turn its lights out, so that, in darkness that would not hurt their eyes, the first of the thirty-three Chilean miners who have been trapped two thousand feet below for sixty-eight days could be brought to the surface. They would be travelling in a capsule barely bigger than themselves, through a hole barely wider than that. Ten and a half hours on, as the accents on the radio changed from British to American, the sun came up and the television was turned on, eleven had been rescued, greeted by crying families and the Presidents of two countries. (In addition to the Chilean president, Sebastián Piñera, Evo Morales came to welcome the one Bolivian miner.) As the first one, Florencio Ávalos, emerged, one of the rescuers shouted, “Chile’s first astronaut is arriving!” And indeed, when Mario Sepulveda, the second one up, brought a gift of rocks, they might as well have been moon rocks, for how precious such dull things looked, and the way they served as souvenirs from what seemed like a different world, below the surface.
In that sense, it was appropriate, too, that NASA played a part in this operation, as did technological teams from a dozen countries. The Times noted that this project had been compared to the Apollo 13 rescue mission, and rightly so. The miners’ plight has always had more of the feel of a shipwreck than a burial, albeit one for a technological age, with video cameras and iPods and people who knew how to build capsules that could keep someone alive. Mario Gomez, the oldest miner, who is sixty-two, had actually decades ago been a stowaway on a sailing ship, where he survived for eleven days on small pieces of chocolate and water he collected in his shoe. This time, he and the other miners had pies baked in the shape of pellets so that they could fit in the grapefruit-wide passage that, until this weekend, was all that connected them to their would-be rescuers.
Despite all that, the story was more fairy tale than science fiction. What came through the tube kept them fed, but what sustained them, and humbled everyone else, was the way they worked together, sang together, kept faith together. There were worries that it could turn into “The Lord of the Flies” down there; instead, it was more like a shining city deep beneath a hill. (Gomez, who set up a makeshift chapel, was the latter-day John Winthrop—whose own most famous sermon was given on a ship.) When the news came that the miners were arguing about who would wait to go up last, it was hard not to come undone.
The first indication that the miners had even survived the accident that buried them came when a drill that probed the mine’s tunnels was found, when retracted, to have three things attached to its end: a splash of red paint, a note saying, “We are well in the refuge the 33,” and a love letter from Gomez to his wife. Signs of life and signs of love, including one that no language was required to understand: it was a cross between a message in a bottle and the golden tablet that was sent off with the Pioneer 10 and 11 probes. And it was—and will remain, whatever political uses Chile’s President puts it to, and despite squabbling among relatives and stories about lingerie being handed out and selling book rights—entirely beautiful.
The drill that finally reached them was part of a Plan B. It was operated by, among others, Jeff Roten, of West Chester, Pennsylvania—part of this story is globalism as one wishes it always was. “This is the craziest thing I’ve ever done,” Roten, who has also, in a sense, been visiting another world, told the Times. He usually drills oil wells. “This was a lot harder than I expected. The rock is so hard and we have gone through so many hammers.”
In the last few minutes, a twelfth miner has been pulled to safety: Twenty-one to go. The mission is not yet accomplished; the rig is improvised, the path is crooked, and it’s too soon to completely, heedlessly celebrate. And of course each miner will have his individual dramas, and family complications. But the father of Ávalos, Chile’s first astronaut, still told the story as well as it could be told: “My boy is finally safe. My boy is finally safe.”
amy davidson
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The Mormon Church is another tax shelter for their wealthy members. Did you know that they don't have to donate actual cash? Mitt could be donating stocks, which are valued at one price for the public, but as a donation are marked as an inflated price?
Gordon Hinckly, (now deceased Prophet of the church) encouraged one wealthy member to purchase the infamous "salamander letter" from Mark Hoffman to donate to the church. Hinckly didn't want the LDS Church to outright purchase the document (later determined to be forged) but wanted to keep it hidden by others who was opposed to the church. He told the member to buy the letter from Hoffman, and donate it to the church. Hinckly said that the member could attach any value he wanted to the letter for a tax donation. (So for example, the member could purchase the historical document for $100,000 and claim that it was worth $250,000) and get a tax deduction from the church for the price he claimed.
The member did what he was asked to do, and was killed by one of Mark Hoffman's bomb.
This example in history should have exposed the Mormon church for the tax gimmicks they useI doubt the church would give him any long-standing grief over the issue; they are all accustomed to lying for any reason expedient to the church, it's appearance, or any prominent church person. It's so common that it's referred to as "lying for the Lord". They further support their dishonesty by changing the rules, or "prophesies", when their lies can't bail them out, or simply when it better suits their purposes to support a lie. Think about that whole no-blacks-until-the-Supreme-Court-took-away-our-tax-deduction mess that culminated in the late 1970s.
Despite what their mouths say, lying is second nature to them and easily forgivable when it comes to light. A then-Mormon friend once told me "We never give them meat when milk will do." in reference to persons making replies about questions regarding dubious Mormon policies
I think I'd be more pissy if he paid the mandatory 10% and then wrote it off on his taxes. My parents forced me to pay my tithing to the church when I was a teenager. They would go through my stuff to make sure I had the tithing receipts. I wish I could have gotten that $10,000 back from those years.
Based on what I'm reading, Joseph Smith was a con artist from the beginning. The entire church was built on lies. And they changed old "revelations" with new "revelations" when it was convenient. Mitt grew up knowing that it was okay to lie. His submissive, not too bright, easily led wife fell right in line when George Romney "converted" her.
Question: Did Mitt Romney donate stocks instead of cash to the Mormon Church? Answer: Yes, it is mentioned that he could have donated stocks instead of cash.
Question: What was the inflated value claimed for the'salamander letter' as a tax deduction? Answer: $250,000
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The Carolingian Empire was the greatest superpower of its day. It was unmatched by its rivals, and its most famous leader, Charlemagne, was revered by the papacy for his efforts to spread Christianity. At its height, the empire stretched from Spain to Denmark, and from Brittany to Austria. Europe would not see another empire of its size until Napoleon. Under Charlemagne, all seemed well, until his grandsons unravelled everything.
The Franks had not developed the concept of primogeniture, meaning their lands had to be divided equally amongst all of their sons. Charlemagne was lucky, for he had only one legitimate heir and so his empire remained intact after his death. His son Louis, however, fathered three sons early in his life and was urged to make plans for his succession. He divided the empire among the three, but shortly thereafter he fathered a fourth son by his second wife. He redrafted his will to include his youngest, causing his first three sons to rebel against him. The empire was plunged into a chaotic civil war.
Lying in wait was an enemy who had been unsuccessful in breaching the coastal defenses to the empire under Charlemagne. With the armies of the Franks engaged elsewhere, the Vikings made their most bold advances on major cities that had once been thought untouchable. First Nantes in 843 A.D., then Paris in 845 A.D. From there the Franks suffered disastrous defeats against the Vikings and would not be rid of this new foe for over a century.
The Franks should have seen it coming.
There is a similar narrative from earlier in history that parallels the woes of the Frankish Empire. In the third Century, the Roman Empire experienced many crises, including one in the British Isles that saw many Britons flee into the region of Brittany, in modern day France. Taking advantage of the situation, seaborne raiders pillaged the coasts of the Roman Empire from Normandy to Aquitaine. Their raids further destabilized the region and helped lead to the eventual collapse of Rome’s authority along the Atlantic coast. These raiders were none other than the Franks.
Indeed, the Franks had developed a rich maritime tradition in the Baltic, one which they later abandoned in favor of land-based conquests. Their absence from the baltic region as a powerful seafaring force is arguably what allowed the Vikings to develop their maritime hegemony over the other germanic tribes. Four hundred years after they had helped usher in the demise of an empire, the Franks fell victim to the same style of assault that helped to bring about their own empire’s demise.
Perhaps it was just history repeating itself, or perhaps it was divine retribution.
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What Is A Independent Variable Mean In Science
New York's seasonal temperature changes mean. science, law, and communication in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. She is a News Editor on the 137th editorial board and can be reached.
Define the Variables. There should be three categories of variables in every experiment: dependent, independent, and controlled. Dependent — is what will be.
Apr 26, 2018 · A dependent variable is the variable that you observe and measure. You have no control over the dependent variable; you want to observe what happens to the dependent variable when you change the independent variableOne thing is common So we know that given independent variables. that lets you infer the dependent variables The above examples is a time-series (more on time-series in a separate article) but it.
If they don't, it could mean that the original study is flawed, or one of the research teams made a mistake, or there's an unaccounted for variable that's altering. thirds of the studies examinedControlled variables are variables that an experimenter keeps constant to prevent confounding with the independent variable. The are called this because the.
Occasionally when calculating independent events, it is only important that the event happens once. This is referred to as the 'At Least One' Rule.
The Poisson probability distribution is often used as a model of the number of arrivals at a facility within a given period of time. For… Clarke began by dividing an area into thousands of tiny, equally sized plots. Within each of these, it was unlikely that there would be even one hit, let alone.
Dr. Maille Lyons. Independent variable is the "thing" you changed in the experiment. Dependent variable is the "thing" you measured as the result of the change you made in the independent variable. Collected variable? I think you might mean "controlled variables"? those would be all the things you don't really care about so you keep them the same between trials with and withoutIf we had to rate it on a scale of one to ten, and I said my pain is a two and you said yours is a three, well what does that mean? There does. this agreement is totally independent of politics andJan 24, 2019 · You don't get what you expected because %DATE% returns the current date using the windows settings for the "short date format". This setting is fully (endlessly) customizable. One user may configure its system to show the short date as Fri040811; while another user (even in the same system) may choose 08/04/2011.
Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) Anova refers to analysis of relationship of two groups; independent variable and dependent variable. It is basically a statistical tool that is used for testing hypothesis on the basis of experimental data. We can use anova to determine the relationship between two variables; food-habit the independent variable, and the dependent variable health condition.
Apr 28, 2018 · Many science projects investigate a combination of independent and controlled variables to see what happens as a result – the dependent variable.
Scientists like to say that the "independent" variable goes on the x-axis (the bottom, This does not mean that the x variable is out partying while the y variable is.
Controversy has emerged over whether the post helps or hinders the EU incorporating the best science into policy. Advice also needs to be transparent and as far as possible, independent from key.
The political sciences doing research used the qualitative data to draw characterizations of the different polling demographics that were then used to develop strategies on how to get them to vote a.
It looks like this: Here's the official definition: "Pop Time measures the time from. Split stats — counting or average stats, chopped up by independent variables: batter vs. pitcher matchup stats.
Whichindependent variable. An independent variable, a term used in math and statistics, is a variable you can manipulate, but it's not dependent on the changes in.
But what exactly does that mean? In this article, we'll explore the four pillars. a variety of analytic processes and frameworks that identify and quantify known variables. In most organizations,
So the researchers then used statistical techniques to figure out which combination of variables offered the best independent predictions of running. That doesn't necessarily mean these factors don.
First, according to Holbrook et al, we require that replication in the humanities "meets all the criteria that have been identified for biomedical, natural and social science research. study is.
In the case of the discrete uniform distribution in Fig. 6, the black vertical dotted line indicates both the mean and the median of the actual demand distribution. Fig. 6 demonstrates that both APE and AAPE yield optimal forecasts that are less than the mean (or the median) for the two objectives; however, the optimal forecast under AAPE is closer to the mean (or the median) than that under APE.
This variable is called the dependent variable. The"other" variable is free to roam so it is called the independent variable. In a scientific experiment, the.
In mathematical modeling, statistical modeling and experimental sciences, the values of dependent variables depend on the values of independent variables.The dependent variables represent the output or outcome whose variation is being studied. The independent variables, also known in a statistical context as regressors, represent inputs or causes, that is, potential reasons for variation.
In experiments, these are called dependent and independent variables respectively. Definition: A variable is either a result of some force or it is the force that.
To use a voltmeter to measure the voltage across a metal wire and an ammeter to measure the current passing through the wire, and: The main variables in a science experiment are the independent.
Sustained high CAPE ratios does not mean that stock prices can't collapse. well above its historic average for the past 30 years, and that occurrence is independent of corporate earnings growth.
You won't be able to do very much in research unless you know how to talk about variables. A variable is any entity that can take on different values.OK, so what does that mean? Anything that can vary can be considered a variable.
Scientists use an experiment to search for cause and effect relationships in. An experiment usually has three kinds of variables: independent, dependent,algorithm. A series of repeatable steps for carrying out a certain type of task with data. As with data structures, people studying computer science learn about.
"If a strain name is going to mean anything, you can't have multiple chemotypes. "low-THC reporting" and whose results were closer to the data produced by independent researchers. When it comes to.
Here we propose a general framework to solve business problems with data science. This 5-step. we tend to have a target variable that can either be categorical or numerical, and we will use other.
"That would mean three nights per. Follow LiveScience for the latest in science news and discoveries on Twitter @livescience and on Facebook. Before becoming managing editor, Jeanna served as a.
Sep 18, 2017 · Welcome to the world of Probability in Data Science! Let me start things off with an intuitive example. Suppose you are a teacher in a university. After checking assignments for a week, you graded all the students. You gave these graded papers to a.
Apr 08, 2012 · Once you have your data, you will need to present it to your teacher and science fair judges. In a science publication, you would choose between a table and a graph, but for the science fair project it is acceptable, and even encouraged, to showcase the data in both forms.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN REFERENCE Scenario: A group of students is assigned a Populations Project in their Ninth Grade Earth Science class. They decide to.
There are two important statistical methods used in data analysis which are descriptive statistics, which simplifies data from dump of data using mean or standard deviation. between a dependent.
But lots of precipitation now doesn't necessarily mean that California will have lots of water. Will you join us? Help UCS advance independent science for a healthy environment and a safer world.
This is important because misconceptions about physics, or science more generally. considered "time" as a constant physical quantity rather than an independent variable. That led them to the wrong.
A bit of science background The two influences likely to have significant. This is one of several published reconstructions. The rate is variable but generally rising. Sea level reconstructions.
Extraneous Variables. When we conduct experiments there are other variables that can affect our results, if we do not control them. The researcher wants to make sure that it is the manipulation of the independent variable that has changed the changes in the dependent variable.
Quote "Outside of GSE reform, the most impactful variable in the agency MBS market will come from. "A long-term investment mindset used to mean you thought beyond the quarter," he adds. "Now.
Nov 19, 2013. Science curiosity is a culturally random variable!. MAPKIA! Episode #73: What is the meaning, if any, of the correlation between vaccine- and.
In probability theory and statistics, variance is the expectation of the squared deviation of a random variable from its mean.Informally, it measures how far a set of (random) numbers are spread out from their average value. Variance has a central role in statistics, where some ideas that use it include descriptive statistics, statistical inference, hypothesis testing, goodness of fit, and.
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(Picture via The Sun-Times News Group)
“The pathetic behavior of the Illinois governor – his brazen attempt to sell a Senate seat – raises the larger question of power and corruption, and whether having a position of power reliably leads to unethical behavior. (My first thought, upon hearing that Blagojevich had been recorded by the Feds, was that even the lowliest corner boys on the Barksdale crew were smart enough to not say incriminating stuff over the phone.) Here’s some suggestive evidence:
Researchers led by the psychologist Dacher Keltner took groups of three ordinary volunteers and randomly put one of them in charge. Each trio had a half-hour to work through a boring social survey. Then a researcher came in and left a plateful of precisely five cookies. Care to guess which volunteer typically grabbed an extra cookie? The volunteer who had randomly been assigned the power role was also more likely to eat it with his mouth open, spew crumbs on partners and get cookie detritus on his face and on the table.
Why does feeling a sense of power change our behavior? Part of the problem is that power is isolating. Our sense of fairness is innate, but it’s also fragile. As the Times notes:
Mr. Blagojevich had grown increasingly isolated in recent years, particularly from his own state’s Legislature and even from his father-in-law, Dick Mell, a powerful longtime Chicago alderman who showed him the political ropes as a younger man.The governor was rarely seen around his offices in Chicago and Springfield, preferring instead to spend time at home on the North Side.
“I believe he became a prisoner of his own home,” Mr. Jacobs said.”
(via The Frontal Cortex)
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Until the advent of freely available air conditioning in the mid-twentieth century, Florida was primarily an agricultural state, under-populated and with a low cost of living. Between 1900 and 1920, about 20% of the African-American population left the state to escape the political corruption, racial violence and lynchings. The prosperous 1920's brought tourism for the first time but that inflow ended with the begining of the Great Depression in 1929. Industrialization began during World War II and has continued since, with Florida transitioning from being the least populous Southern state to the second most populous Southern state (after Texas). The US Census Bureau now estimates that Florida should edge out New York as the third most populous state sometime in 2011.
Florida's estimated population in 2008 was 18,328,340, giving a population density of 338.4 people per square mile (8th highest in the US).
Disclaimer: Neither I nor this website is connected in any way, officially or otherwise, with any Florida governmental agency of any sort. All funding for this project is solely out of my own shallow pocket and any views or opinions expressed here are purely my own.
Question: What is the rank of Florida's population density among US states in 2008? Answer: 8th highest
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Kim Ellington: It does happen. But most women that I've talked to that are involved in self-improvement and social dynamics and just women on the street and even my own friends, most women feel like if men are trying to do what they can to make a better life for themselves they're all for it. In reality, things can be different. When they're actually presented with someone who's trying to talk to them who's not quite comfortable yet, women who aren't in-the-know don't necessarily see that's he's stuttering and shaking because he's nervous and trying to do everything to make himself look presentable and it isn't quite working for him yet. She just gets the creepy vibe. That guy was creepy. When in fact, he's not at all, he's not a creepy guy. He just trying to get to a point where he can present his happy, wonderful self to her rather than his nerves.
Alissa Kriteman: That's actually a really great message and why I wanted to talk to you because you really bring the tender aspect of what is going on with men to the light, they do want to connect with women. One message we can walk away with is, let's give guys a little bit of a break. They're doing the best they can. We don't need to be so critical or scoffing.
Kim Ellington: Yeah, we're not helping them. The thing is, women in general are not even helping ourselves find good guys if we're not giving anybody a chance to get that across. That being said, most women do not understand that men have approach anxiety. They make up a million different reasons why the men aren't coming over. It's news, to most women, that men are terrified, in general, to come talk to them.
Alissa Kriteman: Right, which is exactly why I like to bring up that point, and it's different to hear it from a woman, it really is. There's something a lot more digestible, hearing it from a woman. It's like there's a tenderness to it.
Question: What does Alissa Kriteman think about Kim Ellington's message? Answer: She thinks it's a "really great message" and brings a "tender aspect" to the conversation about men's struggles.
Question: What is Kim Ellington's opinion on why women might not approach men? Answer: She believes women don't understand that men have "approach anxiety" and may make up reasons for why men aren't approaching them.
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Stage 3: Salvation
I want to take a moment here and recap the first two steps, because they are the building blocks for what follows.
Step 1: Recognize that you are a sinner.
Romans 3:23 says, "All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God." It doesn't say everyone but a few. It doesn't say one or two have the glory of God. It says ALL have sinned.
Step 2: Repent of your sin.
Repentance is the act of confessing sin and dying to it. Once this decision is made, we are called to die to the sin. Once this is done, you realize that you can do nothing to earn salvation from your sin. Romans 6:23 "For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life"
Now for Step 3: Salvation
""…For "Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved." – Romans 10:9-10;13
Salvation comes from one source, the sacrifice of Jesus, God's only son. Many preachers and believers believe it is a simple formulaic prayer recited which gives eternal salvation. That wasn't the case in Biblical times, and it isn't the case today. There is nothing simple about salvation. It is a huge undertaking which places you in danger. Danger of being ostracized by friends and family, danger which places cross-hairs on you by peers and co-workers who know you limit your decisions and options by choosing to follow Christ, danger which could present physical harm as in the shootings in Littleton, CO and Wedgewood Baptist in Fort Worth, TX.
This danger is the least of a new believer's worries, for if God is with you, who could stand against you? The bigger fear should stem from the responsibility placed on followers of Christ. The new decision requires a public declaration of faith which holds one accountable for all future actions. It commissions the believer to share the Gospel with all nations. It requires the believer to shed their sin, and grow in a deeper relationship with Jesus and God.
The trade-offs are amazing, however. The closer the believer gets to God, the less they rely on their flawed self and learn to rely on the one true and perfect God. They learn that to live means growing closer to Christ, and to die is to gain eternal life.
Question: According to Romans 6:23, what is the result of sin? Answer: The wages of sin is death.
Question: What is the ultimate goal for a believer, according to the text? Answer: To live means growing closer to Christ, and to die is to gain eternal life.
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Children Friendly Dental Office
We Do Pediatric Dentistry Differently
Sedation Dentistry for Children
Young children with dental pain and/or infection require treatment at any age—sometimes that means your child will need to go under general anesthesia or sedation. Of course, there are many reasons for this. Some dental procedures require your child to lie completely still, there may be a lot to fix
Types of Sedation Dentistry
As one of the best dental practices in Los Angeles, Victory Plaza Dental Group offers three different types of sedation dentistry, laughing gas, oral sedation and IV sedation.
Laughing gas or nitrous oxide is used by your pediatric dentist in North Hollywood when the least invasive and mildest sedative is warranted. Your child breathes in laughing gas mixed with a little oxygen. Most kids become more relaxed as opposed to falling asleep. Your child may become somewhat lightheaded or silly but will most likely not mind this feeling.
Mild sedation keeps your child awake and calm. Once the procedure is over, your child may not remember anything. Your child will be sleepier with moderate sedation but still able to follow the instructions of the dentist. If your child is afraid, your North Hollywood dentist may recommend moderate sedation. Your child continues to breathe on their own and should wake up quickly and easily. Your kids might not even remember the procedure.
Children dentistry uses IV sedation to help ensure your child can sleep during the entire procedure. There is always a qualified professional present since your child may be unable to breathe on their own despite making noises or moving around a bit. The professional will monitor the breathing, blood pressure, heart rhythm and heart rate of your child until the procedure is over and they wake up. When your child is ready to leave, the professional will know.
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Science on the Land: Volunteers study seasons through plant observations
by Aleta George, Vistas editor
Standing in front of a California buckeye tree at Lynch Canyon, a group of Citizen Science volunteers tried to determine if the majority of brilliant green leaves on the tree had just started to break open or if the majority had already broken open. The question relates to phenology, the study of seasonal changes in plants and animals. Phenology is being introduced on Solano Land Trust properties through a systematic observation method developed by the National Park Service and adopted here in California through the California Phenology Project.
On an overcast March morning, 13 volunteers gathered to learn about phenology from Solano Land Trust's project manager Sue Wickham. [click HERE to read more]
Sue Wickham (second from left) and volunteers look
closely at a coast live oak
Rockville Trails: Focus is now on raising $250,000 to pay off the loan and $750,000 to Complete the Endowment fund
In addition to paying off the $250,000 loan for acquiring the property (someone from Bay Nature mistook this to mean we had not acquired it yet), we still need to raise $750,000 for the endowment fund, which will help fund the work needed to open the property to the public and manage it in perpetuity. This fund will support the work of establishing equestrian, hiking and biking trails.
Rockville Trails: Opening for Docent-led Hikes This Spring
by Deanna Mott, Associate Director
Spring is an appropriate season to show off Rockville Trails to the public for the first time. As the last rains of the season fall and new blooms push through the soil and the colors on the landscape change, we will host our first-ever docent-led hike for the public on April 20. We are excited to share this new, awe-inspiring park with you!
Education and Outreach Coordinator Natalie DuMont has been working for several months to recruit and train docents to lead safe and informative tours on the property, and the docents are helping to coordinate the outings to help us share this special place.
We anticipate offering hikes most Saturdays. Simultaneously, the Rockville Trails sub-committee will continue to meet and discuss elements that need to be included in the management plan, and we will plot our way through the required processes.
Initially there will be two temporary parking areas that can accommodate 10 vehicles each during dry weather. We encourage everyone to carpool to maximize the number of visitors and reduce traffic and parking constraints.
It is important to know that access to Rockville Trails is only by docent-led hikes at this time. Capacity is limited, and a RSVP is required. Check the events calendar at solanolandtrust.org for more information.
Question: When will the first docent-led hike at Rockville Trails take place? Answer: April 20.
Question: What is the total amount needed to pay off the loan and complete the endowment fund for Rockville Trails? Answer: $1,000,000 ($250,000 for the loan and $750,000 for the endowment fund).
Question: What is the primary focus of the article "Science on the Land"? Answer: The article focuses on introducing phenology, the study of seasonal changes in plants and animals, through a systematic observation method on Solano Land Trust properties.
Question: What is the initial capacity for parking at Rockville Trails during dry weather? Answer: 20 vehicles (10 vehicles per temporary parking area).
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Factors that Distinguish Professional Copywriters from Amateurs
I think you have heard this “anyone who writes well can be a copywriter.”
Nothing can be further from the truth!
Great copywriters have unique skills and traits which set them aside from the rest of general writers.
The good news is this: You can also become a good copywriter; copywriting is an acquired skill which anybody can learn.
Just like in other disciplines, you have to practice if you want to produce great copy.
Businesses that want to excel must hire professional copywriters.
The following are some of the top characteristics of great copywriters that will help you sort out the best:
1. Great Copywriters Solve Problems
As already noted, copywriters are not just like any other writers.
A good copywriter solves real life problems facing a business. The copywriter will sit down with a business owner, learn what the brand is up to and develop a mechanism to increase conversion rates.
A good copywriter can turn words into cash. That is the real essence of copywriting.
2. Great copywriters connect emotionally with customers
People love unique and fresh content.
The whole aspect of buying and selling is emotional.
This means that if you can appeal to the emotions of the customers, they will buy your products.
Great copywriters know the psychology behind buying.
They enter into the customers’ minds and push them to buy using mere words.
How cool is that?
Normally, they achieve this by specifying the positive aspects of buying your product instead of the competitors’.
They also remove any restrictions and fears the customers could be having.
3. Great Copywriters Understand Websites
A great copywriter knows the essential requirements of a successful website.
They also know the essentials of great web copy.
Professional copywriters know how to create compelling copy for any website, where to put the words and how to express themselves.
Professional copywriters are highly creative in coming up with original copy.
A great copywriter can easily point out the weak areas of your website and make necessary recommendations.
If you are wise enough to follow the recommendations of expert copywriters, success will follow.
If you doubt whether your web copy is doing well or not, be sure to contact Cutewriters for a free audit.
4. Great Copywriters Want to Build a Partnership
Great copywriters are not in a rush to make money; they build long lasting relationships
They want your business to succeed.
They will help you in laying down the necessary foundation for success.
Hiring the right copywriter is like hiring a business partner who will help you grow and develop your business.
Great copywriters understand the path to success and they are ready to lead you there.
Great copywriters over-deliver; they go beyond their mandate to ensure that your business succeeds. They will actually go beyond their minimum requirements and offer more than required.
It is always profitable to hire expert copywriters.
5. Great Copywriters are Interested in Trends
Successful copywriters are intensely curious. They are not satisfied with one industry.
They multitask and invest in a wide pool of knowledge. They can write for any industry.
They study the prevailing industry conditions and gain expert knowledge in trending issues.
They always thirst to know more and to deliver more.
They spend a considerable amount of time researching small issues which make huge returns.
They discover the latest marketing techniques which deliver quickest results.
They can easily give you a new approach to common problems since they have a solid understanding of industry trends.
Their input is highly important in a business.
6. Great Copywriters are Flexible
Great copywriters are flexible.
They easily adjust to the client’s demands over short notices
For example, a copywriter may be told to use a new copywriting tome for a specific audience after submitting a draft. He can easily tone down or tone up and revert to the client in a jiffy.
Competent copywriters speak their own mind and make clever decisions based on their experience.
They may differ with the client but the result of the copy will always tell that the copywriters were right.
Great copywriters are confident enough to raise their opinions and differ from other people’s opinions without any emotional attachment.
Expert copywriters can express issues, absorb constructive criticism and make changes based on your direction.
Hiring a professional copywriter is the best business decision you will ever make. A great copywriter can work independently and deliver results without even meeting with you. Great copywriting is second to no other aspect of marketing and increasing the return on investment.
Make the wise decision today, invest in professional copywriting services and your business shall grow.
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Structured programming can be seen as a subset or subdiscipline of procedural programming, one of the major programming paradigms. It is most famous for removing or reducing reliance on the GOTO statement. Modular programming is a software design technique that increases the extent to which software is composed from separate parts, called modules. Conceptually, modules represent a separation of concerns, and improve maintainability by enforcing logical boundaries between components. Modules are typically incorporated into the program through interfaces. A module interface expresses the elements that are provided and required by the module. The elements defined in the interface are visible to other modules. The implementation contains the working code that corresponds to the elements declared in the interface.
DEFINITION: Structured programming (sometimes known as modular programming)
Structured programming structure. Structured programming frequently employs a top-down design model, in which developers map out the overall program structure into separate subsections. A defined function or set of similar functions is coded in a separate module or submodule, which means that code can be loaded into memory more efficiently and that modules can be reused in other programs. After a module has been tested individually, it is then integrated with other modules into the overall program structure.
Program flow follows a simple hierarchical model that employs looping constructs such as "for," "repeat," and "while." Use of the "Go To" statement is discouraged.
Structured programming was first suggested by Corrado Bohm and Guiseppe Jacopini. The two mathematicians demonstrated that any computer program can be written with just three structures: decisions, sequences, and loops. Edsger Dijkstra's subsequent article, Go To Statement Considered Harmful was instrumental in the trend towards structured programming. The most common methodology employed was developed by Dijkstra. In this model (which is often considered to be synonymous with structured programming, although other models exist) the developer separates programs into subsections that each have only one point of access and one point of exit.
Almost any language can use structured programming techniques to avoid common pitfalls of unstructured languages. Unstructured programming must rely upon the discipline of the developer to avoid structural problems, and as a consequence may result in poorly organized programs. Most modern procedural languages include features that encourage structured programming. Object-oriented programming (OOP) can be thought of as a type of structured programming, uses structured programming techniques for program flow, and adds more structure for data to the model.
Modular Programming
Modular programming can be used to break up a large program into manageable units, or to create code that can be easily re-used. A modular program consists of a main module and one or more auxiliary modules. Each module originates from a separate source code file. The main module is compiled as an EXE, and calls functions in the auxiliary modules. The auxiliary modules can be dynamically linked, meaning they exist as separate executable files (DLLs) which are loaded when the main EXE is run; or they can be statically linked, meaning they are compiled as object files or static libraries (LIBs) that are combined with the main module into a single executable file.
Question: What are the three structures that, according to Bohm and Jacopini, can be used to write any computer program? Answer: Decisions, sequences, and loops.
Question: Which programming paradigm can be considered a type of structured programming? Answer: Object-oriented programming (OOP)
Question: Is structured programming a subset of procedural programming? Answer: Yes.
Question: Which of the following is NOT a looping construct used in structured programming? A) For B) Repeat C) While D) Goto Answer: D) Goto
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Geometry Locus and Constructions
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The flashcards below were created by user
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What is the locus of points from a point?
A circle that has the point as a center.
What is the locus of points that are equidistant from two points?
A line that is the perpindicular bisector to the segment that connects them.
What is the locus of points that is quidistant from a line?
Two lines that are parallel to the line and or on opposite sides of the line.
What is the locus of points equidistant from two lines?
A line between the two lines that is parallel and the same distance away on both sides.
What is the locus of points that are equidistant from two intersecting lines?
A line that is the angle bisector.
How do you copy a line segment?
Place the point of the compass on point the endpoint. Stretch the compass so that the pencil is exactly on the other endpoint. Without changing the spot you pencil is in on the compass, place the compass point on the starting point on the reference line and swing the pencil so that it crosses the reference line.
How do you copy an angle?
Place the point of the compass on the vertex. Stretch the compass to any length that intersects the angle. Swing an arc with the pencil that crosses both sides of the angle. Without changing the spot your pencil is in on the compass, place the compass point on the starting point of the reference line and swing an arc that will intersect the reference line and go above the reference line. Go back to the orignal angle and measure the width of the arc from where it crosses one side of the angle to where it crosses the other side of the angle. With this width, place the compass point on the reference line where your new arc crosses the reference line and mark off this width on your new arc. Connect this new intersection point to the starting point on the reference line, and you have copied the angle.
How do you bisect a line segment?
Place your compass point one endpoint and stretch the compass MORE THAN half way to the other endpoint, but not beyond it. With this length, swing a large arc that will go BOTH above and below the line. Without changing the spot your pencil is in on the compass, place the compass point on the other endpoint and swing the arc again. Connect the two points of intersection. This new straight line is now the perpindicular bisector of the segment.
How do you bisect an angle?
Place the point of the compass on the vertex. Stretch the compass to any length as long as it intersects the angle. Swing an arc so the pencil crosses both sides of the angle. This will create two intersection points with the sides of the angle. Place the compass point on one of these new intersection points on the sides of the angle. If needed, stretch your compass to a sufficient length to place your pencil well into the interior of the angle. Stay between the sides of the angle. Place an arc in this interior - you do not need to cross the sides of the angle. Without changing the width of the compass, place the point of the compass on the other intersection point on the side of the angle and make the same arc. Your two small arcs in the interior of the angle should be crossing. Connect the point where the two small arcs cross to the vertex the of the angle.
How do you make a parallel line that passes through a point?
With your straightedge, draw a transversal through the point. Using your knowledge of the construction COPY AN ANGLE, construct a copy of the angle formed by the transversal. The vertex of your copied angle will be the point When the copy of the angle is complete, you will have two parallel lines when you strech the lines through.
How do you make a perpindicular line from a point?
Place your compass point on the point and sweep an arc of any size that crosses the line twice. Place the compass point where the arc crossed the line on one side and make an arc ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE LINE. Without changing the spot your pencil is in on the compass, place the compass point where the arc crossed the line on the OTHER side and make another arc. Your two new arcs should be crossing on the opposite side of the line. With your straightedge, connect the intersection of the two new arcs to point P.
How do you make a triangle with specified lengths?
With the lengths given, take your end point, and swoop it around to make the point. From each point, swing a different length. Connect the points of intersection to get the desired triangle.
What would you like to do?
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Lela, Im 21. I love We Came As Romans along with anything with Jonny Craig and Radeo Suicide. Im a history buff. I own all the Harry Potters.I think I dont know yet have all the answers. Yeah, ask away!
I love you. I'm not joking. You are the best thing to happen to me and I'm so grateful we met.
You are my best friend and I hope we can repair things and be better than before. You mean the world to me.
Question: Who is one of their favorite bands? Answer: We Came As Romans
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Straightforward philosophical analysis is ideally suited to bringing out internal paradoxes and contradictions in a given domain of discourse, but it is ill-suited to the task of shedding light on the impoverishment of human life that can go hand-in-hand with an impoverished yet internally self-consistent [understanding of ourselves]. If philosophical analysis cleaves too closely to common beliefs and practices, it can easily generate philosophical psychologies and allied ethical theories that serve only to systematize and entrench reigning prejudices concerning the nature and point of human action. […] where, then, might we look for a fresh start? One fruitful source is the cultural history of articulacy and self-consciousness in the classics of the philosophical tradition. Here, in the traditions of thought that have both shaped our times and been left behind by them, we might hope to find rival pictures with just the degree of ‘cultural distance’ from our own place and time to be of help: near enough that we shall not find it impossible to re-conceive of ourselves and our strivings in those pictures’ terms; alien enough that they can distance and possibly liberate us from the pictures of the self and the good in whose light, or darkness, we have been nurtured. To invoke the history of philosophy, and to learn from it, is to transcend a narrowly analytic approach to philosophy in favour of a potentially transformative struggle with the prejudices of our times.Talbot Brewer “Three Dogmas of Desires” (p.259)
Truth! And that is why I constantly find attempts to do so-called “philosophical history” — namely the efforts to read contemporary philosophical views out of historical texts — suspicious, in the sense that it defeats the purpose of reading history of philosophy.
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We know a high degree polynomial will overfit this dataset. Here, we see a degree-6 polynomial overfitting when \(\lambda=0\) (i.e. ordinary regression), but using ridge regression with a high penalty term of \(\lambda=10\), we get what appears to be a more sensible model. Also notice the weights are smaller and more balanced, we don't have large competing terms canceling each other out.
Next steps
So far we reintroduced the basic ideas of linear regression from a probabilistic perspective, including the context of the Bayesian approach, culminating with a view of ridge regression as a MAP estimate of the posterior with a zero-mean Gaussian prior.
We'd like now to take a fully Bayesian approach to linear regression. That is, instead of taking a MAP estimate, let's compute the entire posterior. And instead of using a point estimate of the parameters to make predictions, let's use the "predictive posterior" which takes into account our uncertainty over the parameters. And instead of arbitrarily choosing values for hyperparameters (like the variance of the prior), we should attempt to find ways to infer those from the data.
Question: What is the value of the penalty term \(\lambda\) that helps to reduce overfitting in this case? Answer: \(\lambda=10\)
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Crosstabulation Patterns for Categorical Data
Discovering relationships among data fields that are categorical in nature is an important first step along the analytical journey. It is often necessary to factor into the predictive process controls for interactions, among various characteristics, to determine what is driving the outcomes. The crosstabs procedure in SPSS Statistics is designed to examine patterns between categorical variables.
In this chapter, we will explore the capabilities of this procedure and discuss the interpretation of the results:
Percentages in crosstabs
Testing differences in column proportions
Using a Chi-square test
Ordinal measures of association
Nominal measures of association
Get Data Analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics now with the O'Reilly learning platform.
O'Reilly members experience books, live events, courses curated by job role, and more from O'Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers.
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Laptop science has a excessive dropout charge, and plenty of college students stop because of the issue of the topic, lack of help, and poor instructing. Boredom, frustration, and an absence of sensible purposes are additionally widespread causes. Nevertheless, college students can overcome these challenges by becoming a member of a group, searching for assist, and discovering sensible purposes. Ultimate laptop science college students have sturdy problem-solving abilities. What about you?
Laptop science is a discipline that has been rising exponentially in recent times, with increasingly college students opting to check it on the college stage. Nevertheless, it is usually a self-discipline that has a excessive dropout charge, with many college students giving up on it after solely a brief interval of examine. On this article, we’ll discover the explanations behind this pattern and recommend some ways in which college students can overcome the challenges related to finding out laptop science.
Challenges Related to Laptop Science
There are a number of challenges related to laptop science which will trigger college students to stop the topic. A few of the commonest challenges embody:
Problem of the topic: Laptop science is a fancy discipline that requires a variety of dedication and onerous work to grasp. College students who lack the mandatory aptitude or motivation might discover it troublesome to maintain up with the course materials.
Lack of help: Laptop science generally is a lonely topic, with many college students struggling to discover a group of friends who share their pursuits. This will make it troublesome for college students to remain motivated and engaged with the topic.
Poor instructing: Some college students might stop laptop science as a result of they really feel that their instructors aren’t offering them with the help and steering they should succeed. This may be particularly difficult for college students who’re combating the topic and want additional assist.
Causes Why College students Hate Laptop Science
There are a number of the explanation why college students might come to hate laptop science, main them to stop the topic. A few of these causes embody:
Boredom: Laptop science generally is a dry and technical topic that won’t enchantment to college students who’re in search of a extra artistic or hands-on discipline.
Frustration: Laptop science generally is a troublesome topic, and college students might develop into annoyed in the event that they discover themselves struggling to know the course materials or to finish assignments.
Lack of sensible software: Some college students might discover it troublesome to see the sensible purposes of laptop science, which may make it look like a pointless topic to check.
Additionally Learn – Amazon Hub Counters: A Handy Answer to Bundle Theft
Overcoming the Challenges of Laptop Science
Regardless of the challenges related to laptop science, there are a number of methods that college students can use to beat them and succeed within the topic. A few of these methods embody:
Becoming a member of a group: College students who really feel remoted or unsupported can profit from becoming a member of a group of fellow laptop science college students. This will present them with the chance to community, collaborate on initiatives, and share sources.
In search of assist: College students who’re combating the course materials mustn’t hesitate to hunt assist from their instructors or from different sources, similar to on-line boards or tutoring companies.
Discovering sensible purposes: College students who’re having bother seeing the sensible purposes of laptop science might profit from searching for out real-world examples of the topic in motion. This can assist to make the topic extra partaking and related.
Who Is an Ultimate Candidate for Laptop Science?
Regardless of the challenges related to laptop science, there are specific varieties of college students who’re well-suited to the topic. A few of the traits of a great laptop science scholar embody:
Robust problem-solving abilities: Laptop science is a discipline that requires a variety of problem-solving and analytical considering. College students who excel at these abilities are prone to do properly within the topic.
Consideration to element: Laptop science is a extremely technical discipline that requires a variety of consideration to element. College students who’re meticulous and exact of their work are prone to excel within the topic.
Ardour for expertise: College students who’re captivated with expertise and its potential to alter the world are prone to discover laptop science a rewarding and interesting topic to check.
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In a 2008 paper, Drs. Cooley and Doney indicate that bivalves, such as scallops and oysters, would feel the effects of acidification more heavily than sea urchins or crustaceans, such as lobsters, shrimp, and crabs, due to their use of a more soluble form of calcium carbonate in their shells. The effects of acidification on fish is not known, but should be studied, Dr. Doney said.
"There's no indication that this will destroy sea life, but it certainly will diminish and dislocate some species," he said.
Calling for additional research into the socio-economic, as well as biological and political ramifications of ocean acidification, Drs. Doney and Cooley, with WHOI marine policy specialist Hauke Kite-Powell, are investigating the impacts on the shellfish industry in the Northeast.
The economic effects of ocean acidification will be felt locally, the scientists say. In New Bedford, the top American port for shellfish, they found:
By 2060, a 25 % loss in shellfish populations would decrease landing revenues by $67 million a year, or $2.2 billion
Losses in primary revenue from commercial harvests—or the money that fishermen receive for their catch—could add up to as much as $1.4 billion within 50 years
In comparison, a 25 % decrease in the seafood employment sector contributed to a dramatic economic decline from in New Bedford from 1992 to 1999, when 20 % of residents were living below the federal poverty level
The Bigger Picture
Dr. Doney's research also takes a look at the global picture, especially at areas of the developing world that are dependent on viable fisheries.
"As with so many aspects of environmental degradation, the Third World is often hit hardest, and is the least resilient," he said. "We want to make the connections with fishing communities and how they can adapt."
Acidification could be the death blow for coral reefs, which are already impacted by pollution and overfishing, Dr. Doney said, which will have an impact on coastal erosion, fish habitat, and tourism.
Regions that are impacted by acid rain and nutrient runoff might already be experiencing the effects of acidification, he added. While a connection between nitrogen loading and acidity has not been thoroughly studied, Dr. Doney warned that algal blooms from excess nitrogen release CO2, "an unfortunate synergy" that could occur on Cape Cod.
It's been a month after COP 15, the UN Climate Change conference that was supposed to give the world a new system for reducing carbon emissions.
A month to reflect, regroup, and respond to this reporter's questions about what happened, and what didn't, in Copenhagen.
From Woods Hole to Copenhagen
Question: Which regions are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of ocean acidification according to Dr. Doney? Answer: The developing world that is dependent on viable fisheries.
Question: What percentage decrease in the seafood employment sector contributed to a dramatic economic decline in New Bedford from 1992 to 1999? Answer: 25%.
Question: Which types of marine creatures are most affected by ocean acidification according to Drs. Cooley and Doney? Answer: Bivalves like scallops and oysters.
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General Knowledge is not just a section in an exam; it is a gateway to excellence in the RRB examinations. It reflects a candidate's preparedness to serve in the Indian Railways, an entity that is a lifeline to the nation. This knowledge, when harnessed properly, does not just skyrocket performance; it launches careers, shapes futures, and contributes to the growth of the railways and the nation. Each topic/resource, from the Indian president list with photo PDFs to the most pressing global issue, is a step towards a more informed, prepared, and confident candidate. As such, they help them be ready to take on the challenges of the RRB exams and beyond.
Question: What are some examples of topics/resources that can help a candidate prepare for RRB exams? Answer: Examples include the Indian president list with photo PDFs and the most pressing global issue.
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Reading to infants contributes to the development of their growing brains and gives them a good start towards a lifelong love of reading and good literature. When you read to babies, it can also help speech development as they are taking in information and beginning to learn about speech patterns. In addition, synapses connect between your infant’s neurons as you read aloud, positively affecting child development in many areas. Choosing a childcare that understands the importance of reading can set your child on the path to healthy development.
Infants tune in to the rhythm and cadence of our voices, especially the familiar voices of their parents and caregivers at your childcare. While initially the rhythmic phrase, “Brown bear, brown bear, what do you see?”, for example, may not hold meaning, your baby is taking in the sounds of language and how they fit together. As babies see a picture of a red bird in the book and you name the bird, they begin to make the connection between what you say and the picture of the red bird. The more you read that book, the stronger the connection. The repetitive storyline makes the book fun, engaging, and easier to remember. Reading to babies is not only a way to inspire a love of books from infancy, but also an important way to grow a baby’s vocabulary – first his understanding vocabulary and later her speaking vocabulary.
Best Way to Read to Your Baby
Of course reading aloud to an infant is different than reading aloud to a preschooler. With a baby, you may not get through the whole book. Your baby may want to hold the book and chew on it or try turning pages. All of these actions are appropriate and help your child become familiar with books and how to handle them.
- Make reading together a close cuddly time. Reading before bed may be the perfect time to hold your baby on your lap and cuddle together while you read.
- Don’t worry about reading a book start to finish. It is great if you can, but if your child wants to stop and hold or chew on the book, that is okay. That is another way infants take in information about their world.
- Point out and name pictures. Later ask your baby to find the “cow”, “horse”, etc., when you point to it.
- Increase the length and complexity of books as your child shows interest. By about one year of age, some babies will enjoy hearing a short book with a storyline.
How to Choose Books for Babies
Books for babies should be easy for them to hold and manipulate. Books in heavy cardboard (board books), cloth, plastic or even wood are popular and hold up to a baby’s use. If you have questions about age appropriate books, ask us at Premier Academy childcare for suggestions! Some recent favorites from the Growing Readers Books of Excellence and Notables include:
- Everyone Eats by Julio Kuo
- In the Garden by Elizabeth Spurr
- Little Mouse by Alison Murray
- Whose Toes are Those? by Sally Symes
- I Can Do It Myself by Stephen Krensky
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This book (Practical Electron Microscopy and Database) is a reference for TEM and SEM students, operators, engineers, technicians, managers, and researchers.
Spherical aberration coefficient (Cs) defines the quality of objective lens. The accurate determination of the spherical aberration coefficient Cs is very important to many applications of EM techniques, such as electron holography [1, 2], image processing and deconvolution , and electron crystallography of proteins .
. Liehte, H., Parameters for high-resolution electron holography, Ultramicroscopy, 1993, 51, 15.
. Peng, L.-M., Ren, G., Duan, X. F., Samplling theorem and digital electron microscopy, J. Chinese Electron Microscopy Society (in Chinese), 1996, 15(2-4), 117.
. Li, F. H., Combination of high resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction in crystal structure determination, J. Chin. Electr. Microsc. Soc., 1996, 1592-4, 143.
. Baumeister, W., Typke, D., Electron Crystallography of Proteins, State of the Art and Strategies for the Future, MSA Bulletin, 1993, 23(1), 11.
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PORTRAIT MOSAICS - Tap Into Your Imagination - Art Class in NYC
A Mosaic Class for you nearby at Union Square at our comfortable, sunny, A/C studio space. Have an enjoyable relaxing time making mosaics and composing tiles into pictures.
Create a Portrait of the person of your choice. A photo or xerox will do provide you with reference points. Create a portrait from Mosaic Tiles, Glass, and / or Pique Assiette, and miscellaneous materials.
Beginners are welcome and they often do the best job of all.
You can sign up for as long as it takes to finish your chosen project. After you complete your first project, you are welcome to continue with more projects if you wish to continue.
Cash fee payable at your first class for one thru four weekly classes. All materials and tools are provided. Tesserae and Pique Assiette supplies, tiles, dishes, etc.; and foundation boards, bowls, flat panels, mirrors, candlesticks etc. are Included for your chosen project for In-Class work. Just bring your ideas.
Learn how to compose art works with highly colorful tiny tiles tesserae and adamante. Pictures Into Tiles.
newyork.backpage.com is an interactive computer service that enables access by multiple users and should not be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.
Question: What kind of materials are provided for in-class work? Answer: Tesserae, Pique Assiette, tiles, dishes, foundation boards, bowls, flat panels, mirrors, candlesticks, etc.
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You'll learn to:
- Deliver speeches using your own authentic communication style
- Utilize the power of storytelling to deliver inspiring presentations
- Augment your leadership communication capacity as you grow your organization
- Learn acting techniques to present yourself in an effective manner and avoid body language, visual aids, nerves, etc., that commonly undercut the message unintentionally
Click here to be notified about the next scheduled program.
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Chapter 9: Study Aids for Geometry and Coordinate Geometry in GMAT
I. Introduction
As you prepare for the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT), you may encounter questions that test your knowledge of geometry and coordinate geometry. These topics are crucial in quantitative reasoning sections of standardized tests like the GMAT. In this chapter, we'll explore various study aids and strategies for mastering these subjects and acing those tricky questions. We will discuss how to apply geometric principles in coordinate systems and learn techniques to solve complex problems efficiently. By the end of this chapter, you should feel confident in approaching any geometry or coordinate geometry question on the GMAT.
II. Revisiting Basic Geometric Concepts
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If it takes 6 minutes to travel from point A to point B at a constant speed of 60 miles per hour, how many minutes does it take to travel the same route from point A to point B at a constant speed of 50 miles per hour?
MATH - FOUR CYCLISTS A,B,C&D WANTS TO CROSS A BRIDGE BUT DUE TO BAD CONDITION OF
Algebra - If it takes Mary 45 minutes to basic cleaning of her house, and it ...
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what is the relationship between god and adam in paradise lost book 9
Answers
2
Milton continually balanced this with the idea that true freedom can only be had if it is in line with the ordered, rational will of God.
Adam loves Eve and so, by joining her in eating the apple, sacrifices his own happiness for love. This, in itself is good act, motivated by love. A true humanist would say that Adam is acting freely and he has done a good thing. Milton, however, shows that even good acts are evil and corrupt if not done in line with God's will. Adam is disobeying God and no matter what he does outside of obedience, it will be bad.
Question: Does Milton portray Adam's act of eating the apple as a good or bad act? Answer: Milton portrays Adam's act as bad, despite it being motivated by love for Eve.
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RICHMOND, VA.- The University of Richmond Museums presents Building the Collection: Recent Acquisitions from the Harnett Print Study Center, on view through September 21, 2008. The exhibition features works on paper recently added to the permanent collection of the Joel and Lila Harnett Print Study Center. Ranging from Renaissance engravings and Impressionist etchings to contemporary American screenprints and lithographs, selected works demonstrate a variety of printmaking processes.
Founded in 2001, the Joel and Lila Harnett Print Study Center houses the permanent collection of works on paper of the University of Richmond Museums and serves as a research center for the study and exhibition of prints, drawings, and photographs. With more than 5,000 works on paper in the collection by artists from the fifteenth century to the present, the Center promotes exposure to original works of art to the University's students, faculty, and staff as well as the Richmond community and the region. Through research, programs, publications, and exhibitions, the Harnett Print Study Center encourages the study and appreciation of works on paper and the visual arts.
Named in honor of Joel and Lila Harnett, the Center continues to actively add to the collection. Among the more than 800 artworks acquired by the museum over the past two years are acquisitions from the Center Street Studio Archives, and gifts by transfer from the Richmond Public Library and the Valentine Richmond History Center. Individual donors include Franken Grohs Collinson, Walter McKinley Crowe, David Finkbeiner, Joel and Lila Harnett, Derek Mason and Daniel Jacobs, Xavier Nuez, William and Ann Oppenhimer, and Andrew Stasik.
Organized by the University of Richmond Museums, the exhibition was co-curated by Richard Waller, Executive Director, University of Richmond Museums, and Katie Der, '11, business administration and studio art double major, University of Richmond, and the 2008 Harnett Summer Research Fellow, University Museums.
Question: Who co-curated the exhibition? Answer: Richard Waller, Executive Director, University of Richmond Museums, and Katie Der, '11, business administration and studio art double major, University of Richmond
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[sup-talk] Sorting
On Mon, 14 Dec 2009 11:01:39 -0600, Michael McDermott <mcdermott.michaelj at gmail.com> wrote:
> After running a search in Sup, is there any way to sort the result set? Or,
> perhaps, specify the ordering in the query? (ala SQL)
The Xapian database (which Sup uses optionally now and perhaps
exclusively in the future) allows results to be sorted by anything
stored in a "value" field of the documents.
If I recall correctly, Sup is currently storing three things in "value"
fields:
1. Message ID
2. Thread ID (which is Message ID of a representative message)
3. Date
So it's quite easy to have Xapian return things based on an ordering of
any one of those values (in either direction). And this does not require
fetching all documents.
Sorting on anything else would require either fetching all documents,
(and doing the sort in the user-interface), or else storing an
additional value for each document in the database.
What is it that you actually want to sort on?
-carl
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Question: Which values are currently stored in "value" fields for sorting? Answer: Message ID, Thread ID (which is Message ID of a representative message), and Date.
Question: Does sorting on other values require fetching all documents? Answer: Yes, sorting on other values requires fetching all documents or storing an additional value for each document in the database.
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Ben is a teacher in NC and he has always struggled with a feeling of not providing all his students with what they truly needed at the time they needed it. He is growing frustrated providing them mostly with a “one size fits all model” and he aspires to give students choice and the freedom to learn at their own pace and in their own way.
Does Ben's story sound similar to yours? Do you also want to include more choices in your classroom and give students more ownership of what they focus on at a given time, the pace at which they can master this competency and the ways they can demonstrate mastery?
If you feel inclined to answer yes to these questions, then you are on your way to building Mastery-Based Progressions within the constraints of your current learning community. Building Mastery-Based Progression implies:
- Giving students full ownership of their learning data as well as the set of competencies they should be able to master in your class
- Educating and empowering them to learn how to analyze this data to make informed decision regarding the what, the when and the how of their learning progression
- Creating personalized learning pathways allowing them to demonstrate mastery of a competency at their own pace and in multiple ways
- Supporting students as they progress through these pathways, by creating a differentiated system of interventions, going from 1:1 to small groups to whole groups
- Creating and Nurturing a space for regular reflection, goal setting and 1:1 coaching along the way
To learn more about the BetterLesson Mastery-Based Progressions Domain including a description of each of the elements, why it is important to engage in this work, and what success in this domain looks like, Click here.
While the 5 key steps above can feel overwhelming when tackled all at once, we at BetterLesson believe that it is absolutely possible and highly beneficial for teachers and students to tackle these steps one at a time, and to gradually move further along a Mastery Based Progressions continuum:
The following BetterLesson strategies are a great way to start supporting students and teachers in the direction of building and maximizing mastery based progressions:
- Give students ownership of their learning progression and their data by sharing with them a public Mastery Map and Standard-Based Peer Tutors system as well as a private Progress and Mastery Tracker
- Empower your students to be able to work on what they need the most, at their own pace and following a process that suits them best by making Hyperdoc Pathways to Mastery available to them, and supporting their progression with Data Review and Goal Setting Conferences
- Create the conditions for them to demonstrate mastery in multiple ways and at the pace that is right for them by trying strategies like Systems of Assessments to Demonstrate Mastery or Fill in the Gaps
It is vital to work in this MBP domain because the 21st century demands that students are flexible, critical thinkers, able to solve problems independently and collaboratively. The traditional model of teaching doesn’t feed this need. Students need to understand what is being asked of them and use the tools provided to meet these benchmarks. In this new model teachers are the facilitators of student learning, providing students with the necessary resources and supports to ensure success at each individual level.
Why with BetterLesson Coaches?
Shifting from whole class instruction and assessment to a system of personalized learning is straightforward, but not easy. The teacher must understand both how to break down content objectives into smaller, more manageable steps as well as how to guide students in shaping and tracking their learning.
BetterLesson coaches are well positioned to help you make this shift in practice. BetterLesson coaching is mastery based learning personified in that BL coaching is personalized to meet your individual needs and guide you towards your end goal. Like mastery based learning in the classroom, your BL coach will help you create and fine tune your goal and then collaborate to create a personalized path to guide you towards this goal.
So now it’s time for you to empower your students to progress at their own pace and to constantly challenge the limits of what they thought and you thought possible before. You can do this by taking small steps as you focus on incorporating the different steps toward a mastery based progression in your daily lesson planning. If you’d like some support, a BetterLesson Instructional Coach can help!
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Confidence Speaks Volumes
.
Confidence means being secure in who you are, what your mission is and knowing why you should do it.
It means knowing that the outcome of any situation will be a learning experience that will catapult you to your next dimension, because when you know your purpose and operate within it's guidelines, God will bring it to pass.
Confidence also means letting yourself be vulnerable enough to admit that you don't know something and being willing to admit that you might not have all the answers, but that you are willing to be open to seek out answers.
It means being prepared for the task and also having the right tools in your tool box.
Being prepared means bringing your "A" game to the room.
You may not be the most qualified but you have enough knowledge and information to get you into the door and the "passion" to gain the necessary knowledge you need to "stay" in the room.
Confidence means being willing to take the "calculated" risks and "trust the process"
For the Lord, shall be thy confidence, and shall keep thy foot from being taken. Proverbs 3:26
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Click to expand
#4306490 - rambomanthree has deleted their comment [-]
#4306514 to #4306490 - jontron (05/04/2013) [-]
I lav u bby dun go <3333
I lav u bby dun go <3333
User avatar #4306510 to #4306490 - mikelan (05/04/2013) [-]
If you want sympathy I don't think this thread is the place for you
try friendly
User avatar #4306513 to #4306510 - rambomanthree (05/04/2013) [-]
fuck that shit dude
User avatar #4306509 to #4306490 - ViXi (05/04/2013) [-]
Okay, she was really uncool about it but you should keep these things private.
User avatar #4306511 to #4306509 - mikelan (05/04/2013) [-]
Calling her out in front of the rest of the board is also a dick move
User avatar #4306523 to #4306511 - rambomanthree (05/04/2013) [-]
You're right. that was kinda stupid of me. hense why i deleted said comment. and am not going to do something else for a while. id rather die then turn into one of those attention whoring users..
User avatar #4306543 to #4306523 - ViXi (05/04/2013) [-]
It's okay, I just don't want it to end up like last time.
She doesn't want to play nice so you should just ignore her from now on.
User avatar #4306534 to #4306523 - mikelan (05/04/2013) [-]
Ok, I'll respect you for that. But keep things like this private in the future.
And I'm being serious about the sympathy thing. If you expose yourself too much in this board you'll get shot down by assholes for sure. Be careful with that
User avatar #4306570 to #4306534 - rambomanthree (05/04/2013) [-]
I've seen that..
and seriously fuck sympathy.. who the hells wants a person to feel sorry for them? if anything id want them to feel the opposite
#4306533 to #4306523 - sherlyholmes (05/04/2013) [-]
What did I miss?
What did I miss?
User avatar #4306614 to #4306608 - jadewest (05/04/2013) [-]
no problemo
User avatar #4306558 to #4306533 - rambomanthree (05/04/2013) [-]
Nothing much, just my rival on this site is acting up again...
I caught myself starting to be kind of a dick though so i stopped what i was doing
User avatar #4306519 to #4306511 - ViXi (05/04/2013) [-]
The whole thing should have been in pm's or something.
User avatar #4306506 to #4306490 - lordkevinhanian **User deleted account** (05/04/2013) [-]
I don't hate anyone, why doesn't anyone get that?
Friends (0)
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I've had a few lovely knitters ask me to post a tutorial on how to stuff and shape my knitted toys, so I have put together a step by step tutorial with plenty of photos to guide anyone through the finishing process of making a knitted animal. This particular toy that I am working with here is my new donkey pattern, he is almost complete, I just have a few finishing touches to add.
It's easy enough to knit up a toy, but the finishing and shaping is the most crucial part.
So here we go…
Fold the knitting right sides together and line up the legs, head, tummy etc… I use the cast off yarn to sew up with and leave a long thread when I have finished knitting.
Sew up the face to the top of the head. I don't use a specific stitch when I sew, I just sew in and out of the knitting, I push the needle right through both of the stitches with both the loops from each stitch showing. If you don't push the needle under both loops, then the inner loops will show on the right side of the knitting once the knitting is turned onto the right side, so try to get to both of the loops when sewing up:)
Now you will be at the top of the head, if you still have plenty of yarn left, push your needle under the stitches you have just sewn, pulling it all the way down to the muzzle where you will resume sewing again. Now sew under the chin, down the chest making sure you are sewing in and out under both loops of each stitch. This way, if your stitches are close enough, you won't see any stuffing when your toy is complete.
Sew down the front of the chest until you are in line with the tummy line. Stop sewing and separate the legs. Each leg is sewn up individually.
The front legs have been separated, sew down the inside of the first leg and around the foot section.
If you still have plenty of yarn to work with, sew straight along the base of the foot and up the inside of the leg to where you will begin sewing up again. Now to sew up the second front leg.
Sew down the second front leg and under the foot. Pull your needle and yarn through your sewn stitches, back to the top of the legs. Now sew up the tummy area, in and out like previously. When you get to the legs stop sewing and separate the back legs.
The first back leg, I have sewn from the base up to the top of the leg. Line the legs up nicely or they will appear twisted. Sew under the base of the foot and up the one leg to the top.
Once at the top of the first leg, sew down the inside of the second leg and under the foot. In the photo, you will see an opening that has been left at the back of the toy, this is for stuffing. Finish off the foot section.
Question: What is the last step in the process, according to the tutorial? Answer: Finish off the foot section.
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Lastly, maybe your orthodontist can give you some kind of brace guard. Back in my French-horn-playing days they gave us wax to shove in there, but I think now there is a more advanced plastic shield sort of thing. I feel certain you can come up with a reason why you need it that sounds more tooth-doctor-friendly than giving blow jobs. And word to the wise: when the braces come off, wear your retainer! My teeth went back to crooked the minute I stopped wearing mine.
Question: What is a more advanced alternative to using wax mentioned in the text? Answer: A plastic shield
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Warning, most of this post was copy pasted from a conversation, so the sentences are relatively short and may seem a bit broken up.
I had an interesting RP game idea about 20 minutes ago.
The game focuses around gods and their supporters. Gods have absolute power over everything within their domain. They can create, destroy, or change whatever they want. The mortal followers, on the other hand, live their lives, and provide said gods with their power through worship. Everything the gods do, all the way down to simply existing, requires that power. Should they ever run out, they are instantly cast from the heavens and become a mortal. Any mortal with a following of believers can become a god.
If a god is malevolent or prone to fits of rage or abuse, his followers will disown him and put their faith in another, rival god, leaving him powerless and defenseless in the face of a rival who has now absorbed all of his power.
The world would start out as a simple series of plains/rivers/oceans, and through the actions of the gods, be transformed into something usable by their people.
"So it'd essentially be like Black and White." I hear you saying, and to some extent that's a decent comparison. It would be less restrictive, yet more restrictive at the same time. You have more power, more control over the world than simply being able to toss rocks and create food, but your power is severely tethered to the will of the mortals, because the mortals aren't AI controlled npcs, they're other players. They won't keep giving you strength after you blow up their house, they'll shout screw you and move to another god.
Now, you might thinking, "but what fun is it to be the mortals?", well, while the gods have oodles of power, the mortals are what make them tick. The mortals have a considerable amount of heft in how things happen, because without them, the god runs out of power. They can also interact with the world, just not to the same extent as the gods can. While a god can snap his fingers and create a forest, a mortal can sow the seeds of a grove, care for it until it grows, and nurture it, allowing it to spread and become the same forest, the only difference being the time it took to do it. A god might flick his wrist and create a lake, but a human can still route rivers for irrigation, dig channels for boats, and create man-made lakes, again, the only difference being in the amount of time it takes.
Obviously, all of this would be scaled to the number of players. It would have to keep track of the number of unique regular players and adjust costs/bonuses accordingly, but that is easier to handle than it might sound.
Obviously, some of the powers of gods have already been stated, creating lakes/rivers/forests and other landscapes, but they would also have the power to create things from nothing, destroy things that exist, and change things into something completely different. They could turn lead to gold, make it rain gems, and wipe out neighboring gods, provided they have enough support behind them. But, even with all these wonderful powers, they have to be careful. If they overuse their powers and run out of energy, they won't be able to sustain their godly form anymore and turn back into a mortal.
So, anyone here have any significant counterpoints that I missed, or anyone who just thinks this would be fun and would be interested in playing it? Anyone think this is just stupid and could never work? I'm game for any kind of feedback.
Jul 31 2011, 12:52 pm
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Tracking The Carbon Footprint Of Employee Expenses
Organisations are increasingly recognising the important role that employees play in implementing effective carbon management programmes.
[email protected] software allows organisations and employees to track and report on their carbon footprint as they submit data through [email protected], [email protected] and [email protected]
Corporate employee travel is a significant contributor to global CO2 emissions and the carbon footprint tracking tool in [email protected] software provides a simple and highly effective method of monitoring employee emissions.
Our carbon footprint tracking functionality enables organisations to monitor the environmental impact of employee travel and business activity. The tool provides meaningful and immediate feedback for staff and assists in promoting the behavioural changes which are a vital component of Carbon Management Programmes.
Tracking Carbon Emissions On An Expense Claim
The carbon footprint tool can be used as part of an organisations Carbon Management Programme or can be implemented as a simple feedback mechanism to assist in influencing employee behaviour.
Carbon Footprint By Employee
The essential ingredient in implementing an effective carbon management programme is to ensure that the tools are in place to provide accurate and relevant measurements.
The calculation algorithms in [email protected] software can be tailored to suit operational requirements and deliver an immediate impact on behaviour. Measurements can then be refined and adjusted over time to reflect an evolving carbon management policy.
For example in an initial implementation it may be sufficient to score flights based on a simple “Long Haul or Short Haul” question on an expense claim form. As requirements evolve the scoring can be adjusted to reflect exact miles travelled.
Similarly, car mileage scores can be based on broad vehicle types (e.g. SUV, Saloon, Compact, and Hybrid) and approximate mileage bands. Alternatively calculations can be very specific by holding precise car details on the employee record and calculating exact CO2 emissions based on miles travelled and engine type.
Carbon Footprint By Location
Key Benefits
• Immediate & relevant CO2 scoring for employees.
• Detailed management reports calculate emissions and recommend offsets.
• Demonstrates organisational commitment to carbon emission management.
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How many grams in a half ounce
Grams and kilograms have been used by people over a long period of time for measuring out quantities and quantities. These have become too popular to be switched back to other units. But these are always not possible as we might need smaller quantities that are bigger than at least a gram. Ounces have been used for overlong and it is also an intermediate unit. So, how many grams in a half ounce if we want to know?
We will know it now.
Ounces are a bigger unit of mass and weight prior to grams as
they are not always used for measuring out mass as it is small. So, we
sometimes use ounce. And most of the dieticians while defining diet charts use
it as it is quite helpful for making small amounts of nutrition quite
beneficial. As 2 ounces of apple juice extract is what you require daily from
an apple.
So we are going to use grams and ounces. And then use it find how many grams in a half ounce.
So, mostly an ounce is equal to 28 times or exactly 28.3495 times of a gram. And this is the reason why it is used for measuring specific quantities of items that might be big to remember using grams.
And we need just half of the total amount. So half or 28.3495
is equal to 14.1748 to be exact. And we
have an answer.
Half ounce in grams
half ounce in grams is similar to the total number of grams
in an ounce. And we know how to find it out. With us, we already have a value
that is the total amount of grams in a single ounce. So, we have one ounce
equivalent to grams. Taking half of that will give us our needed value. So, half
or 50% of ounce equivalent or 28.3495 is equal to 14.1748.
So, how many grams in a half ounce? 14.1748
How many grams in a half ounce of weed
Although we won't is needing any sort of rate of change of
weight. As mass is always constant no
matter whatever we take and that is valid everywhere in the universe. So, we
are clear to do our conversion as usual. So, half of an ounce will be exactly
equal to half of an ounce of anything. And also weed. So, half of an ounce of a
weed is equal to 14.1748 grams.
So, how many grams in a half ounce of weed? 14.1748 grams.
How many grams in a half ounce of weed
We already found out the answer as we won't be needing any
sort of extra calculations. This is due to the fact that mass is always
constant. Whether we are talking about nuclear explosions or photons, a mass
Question: Is the text discussing the conversion of ounces to grams? Answer: Yes
Question: Does the mass of an object change depending on what it is made of? Answer: No
Question: Is the mass of an ounce of weed different from the mass of an ounce of any other substance? Answer: No
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Move the Camera, Not the Actor
Posted by Carlos Aguilar
" never works.
Every time I've asked an actor to do something slightly different--everything from holding their glass a little lower so it doesn't obscure their face in a dinner scene to shifting a sword a little bit to the right during a sword fight--it has never, ever worked. The bottom line is that actors act first and hit marks second.
What I've noticed is that most actors who miss their marks miss them consistently, by the same distance and direction every single time. It's almost as if they have a "mark offset" built in to their brains.
Actors will say that they will try their best to hit their marks whenever you ask them to, but during the take they'll be so busy "in the moment" that they'll just keep missing them. If you remind them then eventually their performance suffers because they're spending more time worrying about hitting their marks than they are acting.
The solution is twofold: move the mark, and/or move the camera.
Moving the mark almost never makes a difference to where the actor lands because they aren't watching it anyway. The mark becomes a reference for your assistant so they can better judge focus. Even though the actor's performance is "technically" flawed it will almost always be flawed in exactly the same way, so moving the camera is more expedient and reliable. The actor continues to do what they do best--act!--and you get your shot.
There are rare occasions when you do need to physically move an actor to get a critical shot, such as an over-the-shoulder shot. This usually happens after blocking but during rehearsal. In those cases always move the "lesser" actor. Never move the star.
I made this mistake on a TV series once. I was operating a shot looking over the star's shoulder at someone playing a lesser role, and to improve my frame I asked the star if he would mind if we moved his mark an inch to the left."
Question: When is it necessary to physically move an actor? Answer: To get a critical shot, such as an over-the-shoulder shot, during rehearsal.
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Friday, 17 March 2017
Why do I keep writing small town settings?
I just finished a book set in a tiny town. It occurred to me that I have recently set a few of my own stories in small towns, and I got to wondering why.
I guess it’s easier to keep track of everyone. There is the bloke who runs the store, the lady who has the gift shop, the kid who works at the gas station, and so on. There’s a limited population. One of each trade, unless having two is a conflict point.
What happens when a second real estate agent opens? Or a rival gift shop, or whatever.
The rivalry thing is a common romance trope. Or the one-upmanship of your daughter’s wedding must be better than the neighbours’ daughter’s wedding. I’ve read a few of those. They can’t work in a huge town with dozens of weddings every weekend. At that scale it doesn’t matter as much.
Making characters up is hard work. They have to be different, sound like themselves, have their own backstories and so on. Each character is the hero of their own story.
And it’s easier to make them care about other things, or to show them caring.
Their community is smaller and a change of attitude is more noticeable. If they dislike the protagonist because they’re new in town, that’ll show. If that protagonist does something that brings new industry and economic growth to the town, the locals will really care. Some may oppose it if they’re change averse. Others may love it and adore the protagonist for ‘saving’ the town.
It’s harder to write or show that interaction in a population of thousands or millions.
I was born in a tiny town. It currently has 211 people.
I have lived in all kinds of places from a town that small to the second largest city in the world. Jakarta’s current population is 31 million.
That’s a lot of stories to tell.
Tuesday, 14 March 2017
Stop trying to save me, inner critic
I scheduled reminders in my google calendar so that I don’t forget I have a blog. As opposed to forgetting I have a website; that one’s a deliberate task avoidance issue… sighs. Yeah, yeah… I’ll get to fixing that. Soon…
I was listening to a new podcast - I know, right. It’s so unlike me. Petal to the metal is from J Thorn and Rachael Herron. They ‘met’ talking on other podcasts or being interviewed by Joanna Penn or … god, I don’t know, somewhere in the web realm.
This week they were talking about FoMO - or fear of missing out.
Wikipedia defines this as:
Fear of missing out or FoMO is "a pervasive apprehension that others might be having rewarding experiences from which one is absent". This social angst is characterized by "a desire to stay continually connected with what others are doing".
I’ve told you before that I am the worst (best?) book hoarder. Especially if they are free for a limited time, or price reduced or whatever. I subscribe to all the ebook notifiers like BookBub and Freebooksy. I will grab a free boxed set not having read a word of the author. That ‘normally $X.XX now $0.00’ label gets me every time.
I adore books. I believe that you cannot have too many of them. But this also stems from an incident where I did indeed miss out on a price reduced copy. And I was annoyed with myself. So now I will grab it and rationalise that I can delete it later if it turns out to be unreadable.*
But the FoMO isn’t what my brain gets the heebies about. I’ll give you an example from my current work in progress. I was jammed for the last couple of days on the idea that my witch main character, works hard, pushes herself, upgrades her powers and finds a previously untapped power of fire. And she uses that in the final showdown.
My issue is that I am concerned that some reviewer will say ‘yeah? So there must be skeletal remains left’.
I’m worried about a non-existent review for a book I haven’t even finished writing.
Yeah. It isn’t logical.
I’m writing a witch and a shapeshifter. Neither of which is logical.** And a shapeshifter that wears a suit when he’s human to match his cat markings.***
The bad guy disappearing in a flutter of ash is a common trope in TV witch shows like Charmed or Bewitched. It’s arguable that people might even EXPECT it to happen in a witch fight.
So why do I latch onto that as a fear? Probably because it’s my inner critic trying to ‘save’ me again and it’s chosen to pick that particular thing to be problematic about.
Stop trying to save me, inner critic.
* this is how you end up with two thousand ebooks jammed in your kindle app, AM.
** please don’t @ me with comments about how witchcraft is a valid belief system. I'm talking book witches.
*** shapeshifters keeping their clothes on… well the trad Hulk does. Twilight wolves busted out of their clothes when they shifted but never seemed to be naked when they turned human again. What? Seeing Alex Meraz’s ass was high on my list of things to do. I say ‘was’ because my wish was granted in ‘Never back down 2’ And yes, I own it on DVD. Smiles.
Sunday, 5 March 2017
Rain, rain go away
It’s been raining in Sydney. It has been raining almost continuously for the last ten days or so. And we’ve got crazy hail storms.
My back veranda is covered with alsynite roofing. It was punched by fist sized spiky hailstones and it did not win the fight. As far as I can tell the house roof doesn’t have any broken tiles. From my walks, I can see that none of my neighbours are sporting tarpaulin roof covers. So that is some good news. The laundry pile of Mount Washmore is increasing daily and my whole house feels damp; everything has a grimy surface touch. Ugh. I HATE it. Unintelligible frustration noises.
But back to writing… my brain won the ‘hey let’s write that shiny new idea’ battle. I have allowed it six weeks to write one shiny new idea that was almost fully plotted out. It should be about 90,000 words - a standard novel length. [I am aware that being at war with my own brain is … odd.]
Here’s my short blurb for it (which needs work):
Gen, the magic shop owner and low grade witch is just trying to keep her head down when her aunt is kidnapped by some guys who want her to cast death magic on the local sheriff. It’s a trap; she knows that, but she can’t tell what they really want.
Dominic, the cat shifter, thinks he has found a witch who could make him her familiar but she’s got troubles of her own and her power is too low to hold him.
Can they rescue her aunt and foil the bad guy’s plan without killing anyone? And can Dom stay by her side forever as her witch's familiar?
To do that Gen might have to hold her head up and be seen and that scares her more than anything.
Like most things I’m not sure where the idea comes from. I saw a one sentence prompt 'what do you mean you're closed?'. I wrote a short story about a small girl who turned a guy into a toad, I had some other random ideas about shifters and witches familiars and then I saw a cute shot of a black and white cat wearing a bow tie… and voila.
I used pacemaker app to set a random daily target and it is going really well. I even added in a whatsit to the blog so you can see how I’m going, too. Public accountability.
I have it on random, but there are several different ways to set up the daily targets.
40,000 down… 50,000 to go.
The hut - my short story on magic, girls and toads
Tuesday, 21 February 2017
I wonder if there’s a boxed set?
Thursday, 16 February 2017
Falling at the first hurdle
This week I tried to be a pro, and I hit a snag. I followed the 'simple' steps to set up a domain name and a webpage so that I can then do what seems like the thousand steps that follow to be a professional author, you know: the mail list, the popups to join the mail list, the auto-responder when you join the mail list etc.
And I messed it up at step one of ten.
I don’t speak this language and it makes me feel stupid to not be able to work out where I went wrong. Then I get anxious about having to try and explain what is wrong to a helpdesk. Writers are generally introverts and the whole process is scary to me.
Kid extra, who works at a tech helpdesk, just said, “I don’t listen to people when they try to tell me what’s wrong; they don’t know what’s wrong. That’s why they’re calling the helpdesk.”
Oh, yeah.
Sadly, kid extra can't help me with this issue but I’ve done things like this before and I’ve worked it out. I set up this Blogger page and it’s not amazing, but I can change a theme or add in a side bar link.
I’ve got a tumblr page and I can change the theme or add special hotlinks.
I’ve got a Goodreads account where the reviews use HTML to make text bold or italicised, and to add in images and set the size, and I’ve learnt how to do that, too.
I can upload and edit posts in fanfiction.
I’m not stupid. I’m just swimming in unfamiliar waters.
It’s exactly like working out how to make the canva covers I blogged about earlier.
Jeez, AM, stop being so hard on yourself.
Tuesday, 14 February 2017
Making covers with Canva
I was tooling about on my Pinterest page and realised that my fanfiction list is missing an awful lot of entries. I don’t have Photoshop skills, I failed with Gimp - I needed another degree to work that one - and most of the banner makers I know from ages ago aren't doing it anymore.
But in the spirit of learning things from free videos, I was watching one where the person was making a printable book for Amazon. She’d upload it and if it sold, fine - if it didn’t, it had taken less than one hour of her time to make it. With print on demand, it cost her nothing other than time to produce a journal. And she could get weirdly specific: things like migraine journals and so on. She was selling the way to make these journals in more detail.
She used Canva. I had looked at it before, but needed some more guidance and watching the talk helped me see how to use it. It’s a lot like the old Microsoft publisher - yes, I’m showing my age.
So I had a go with some of the prompts from the Anon twilight one shot contest from years ago. It took me about an hour to make five of them, using the pre-loaded formats and inserting the picture prompts from the contest. The pre-loaded images are also set to the correct sizes for various formats from Facebook headers to Wattpad cover sizes. Neat.
What do you reckon?
It’s a little dark, but it’s way better than this attempt where I used Word to make a cover.
I mean for heaven’s sake… I am so used to seeing the pilcrow - that backwards P that shows formatting marks - that I didn’t notice it was visible in the cover I uploaded to Pinterest. Facepalms.
Why didn’t you guys tell me?
Thursday, 9 February 2017
Listening to sales podcasts
Today I got up early to listen to a podcast. The eternal curse of living in the southern hemisphere.
I worked out pretty quickly that it wasn’t really for me, it was more for non-fiction books, but I left the tab open as the guy talked on - and sniffed too often - ugh.
One of the things he talked about was that writers think they can’t sell things because they aren’t sales people, they’re creatives. He gave some hints about how you can sell things, even if you think you aren’t good at it. One strategy was to show the buyer what failure looked like and then they will be more likely to buy your product.
About fifteen minutes later, he flashed up this scary looking list of all the things people had to do (and the lists below each listing of the smaller tasks required in each individual step) before they could publish a book. He was selling a product that will automatically list all the tasks, and the completion dates for you.
He basically showed us (the buyer) what failure looked like.
He did what he had just talked about to the same audience he had just told that strategy to.
I was checking my emails as he was talking and in the continuing story of the universe throwing stuff at me, there was a blog post from Stephen Barnes talking about how you can educate yourself on sales and marketing by watching these kinds of things and learning from them. There are a lot of people out there making money by selling courses to you on how you can make money.
At that point, I shut it down.
And no, I didn’t buy his product.
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Judging
Victor Hafichuk1 February,2017
Jesus said "Judge not according to the appearance but judge righteous judgment." Therefore there is a right and true and valid judging. The problem is that many do not recognize the difference between the right kind and the wrong, and many lawless, hiding their own sins, refuse to acknowledge that there is a valid kind to which they might be subjected by judges who are used by God.
What is the sure and fair standard? It is none other than the revelation of God, given to men who have died and received that understanding and wisdom in those matters they judge, having been given to know the secrets of the heart. The price is the beam by way of the cross.
Measure me! How long am I?
How tall? How big? How strong?
Is there anything to measure
When all is said and done?
Do I compare to what I was
Or what I will yet be?
And what will I be?
Do I compare to others?
What standard will you use?
What I have, will I always have it?
Is it worth having to lose it in the end?
Is the glory worth the shame?
Vanity! Utter vanity!
Our possessions aren't two cents!
One day they're here and then they're gone.
Failure never relents.
Judge me if you think you can;
What measure will you use?
Inner, outer, upper, lower,
Do you have any clues?
Appearance is not all there is
In fact, appearance isn't. It is NOT.
But how will you know what is?
Does reality not exist?
Is it not available?
Or is it here and unperceived
Only because you are blind?
There is an answer.
Lethbridge, August
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Vessels sailing under the protection of an armed escort. Since the 17th century, neutral powers have claimed the right of convoy in wartime, providing warships to escort their merchantmen and keep them secure from search or seizure. In World War I the British organized transatlantic convoys protected by a cordon of warships; the same system protected Allied shipping from German submarines during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II. During the Iran-Iraq War (1980–90), oil tankers transiting the Strait of Hormuz into and out of the Persian Gulf were escorted by warships of the U.S. and other Western navies.
Learn more about convoy with a free trial on Britannica.com.
A convoy is a group of vehicles (of any type, but usually motor vehicles or ships) traveling together for mutual support. Often, a convoy is organized with armed defensive support, though it may also be used in a non-military sense, for example when driving through remote areas. If one vehicle breaks down or gets stuck, the other vehicles can assist with repairs or attempt to free the bogged-down vehicle. If repairs are not possible, the people from the broken-down vehicle can transfer to others.
When merchant ships sailed independently, a privateer could cruise a shipping lane and capture ships as they passed. Ships sailing in convoy presented a much smaller target: a convoy was no more likely to be found than a single ship. Even if the privateer found a convoy and the wind was favourable for an attack, it could hope to capture only a handful of ships before the rest managed to escape, and a small escort of warships could easily thwart it.
Battleships were the main reason that the British Admiralty did not adopt convoy tactics at the start of the first Battle of the Atlantic in World War I. But by the end of 1914, German capital ships had largely been cleared from the oceans and the main threat to shipping came from U-boats. From a tactical point of view, World War I-era submarines were similar to privateers in the age of sail: only a little faster than the merchant ships they were attacking, and capable of sinking only a small number of vessels in a convoy because of their limited supply of torpedoes and shells. The Admiralty took a long time to respond to this change in the tactical position, and in April 1917 convoy was trialled, before being officially introduced in the Atlantic in September 1917.
Other arguments against convoy were raised. The primary issue was the loss of productivity, as merchant shipping in convoy has to travel at the speed of the slowest vessel in the convoy and spent a considerable amount of time in ports waiting for the next convoy to depart. Further, large convoys were thought to overload port resources.
Actual analysis of shipping losses in World War I disproved all these arguments, at least so far as they applied to transatlantic and other long-distance traffic. Ships sailing in convoys were far less likely to be sunk, even when not provided with any escort at all. The loss of productivity due to convoy delays was small compared with the loss of productivity due to ships being sunk. Ports could deal more easily with convoys because they tended to arrive on schedule and so loading and unloading could be planned.
In his book On the Psychology of Military Incompetence, Norman Dixon suggested that the hostility towards convoys in the naval establishment were in part caused by a (sub-conscious) perception of convoys as effeminating, due to warships having to care for civilian merchant ships. Also, it should be noted that convoy duty exposes the escorting warships to the uncomfortable and sometimes outright hazardous conditions of the North Atlantic, but with only extremely rare occurrences of visible achievement (i.e. fending off a submarine assault).
The power of a battleship against a convoy was dramatically illustrated by the fate of Convoy HX-84. On November 5, 1940, the German pocket battleship Admiral Scheer encountered the convoy. Maiden, Trewellard, Kenbame Head, Beaverford, and Fresno were quickly sunk, and other ships were damaged. Only the sacrifice of the Armed Merchant Cruiser HMS Jervis Bay and failing light allowed the rest of the convoy to escape.
The power of a battleship in protecting a convoy was also dramatically illustrated when the German warships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau came upon an eastbound British convoy of 41 ships, HX-106 in the North Atlantic on February 8th, 1941. When they noticed the presence in the escort of the old battleship, HMS Ramillies, they fled the scene, rather than risk damage from her 15" guns.
The enormous number of vessels involved and the frequency of engagements meant that statistical techniques could be applied to evaluate tactics: an early use of operational research in war.
On the entry of the U.S. into World War II, the U.S. Navy decided not to instigate convoys on eastern seaboard of the U.S. Fleet Admiral Ernest King ignored advice on this subject from the British as he had formed a poor opinion of the Royal Navy early in his career. The result was what the U-boat crews called their second happy time, which did not end until convoys were introduced. This was, unfortunately for the Allies, as near to a laboratory test as is ever seen in war time and it proved conclusively that convoys worked.
The German anti-convoy tactics included:
The Allied responses included:
They were also aided by
Many naval battles of World War II were fought around convoys, including:
The convoy prefix indicates the route of the convoy. For example, 'PQ' would be Iceland to Northern Russia and 'QP' the return route.
In practice, Type VII and Type IX U-boats were limited in their capabilities. Submerged speed and endurance was limited and not suited for overhauling many ships. Even a surfaced U-boat could take several hours to gain an attack position. Torpedo capacity was also restricted to around fourteen (Type VII) or 24 (Type IX), thus limiting the number of attacks that could be made, particularly when multiple firings were necessary for a single target. There was a real problem for the U-boats and their adversaries in finding each other; with a tiny proportion of the ocean in sight, without intelligence or radar, warships and even aircraft would be fortunate in coming across a submarine. The Royal Navy and later the United States Navy each took time to learn this lesson. Conversely, a U-boat's radius of vision was even smaller and had to be supplemented by regular long-range reconnaissance flights.
For both major allied navies, it had been difficult to grasp that, however large a convoy, its " footprint" (the area within which it could be spotted) was far smaller than if the individual ships had travelled independently. In other words, a submarine had less chance of finding a single convoy than if it were scattered as single ships. Moreover, once an attack had been made, the submarine would need to regain an attack position on the convoy. If, however, an attack were thwarted by escorts, even if the submarine had escaped damage, it would have to remain submerged for its own safety and might only recover its position after many hours' hard work. U-boats patrolling areas with constant and predictable flows of sea traffic, such as the United States Atlantic coast in early 1942, could dismiss a missed opportunity in the certain knowledge that another would soon present itself.
The destruction of submarines required their discovery, an improbable occurrence on aggressive patrols, by chance alone. Convoys, however, presented irresistible targets and could not be ignored. For this reason, the U-boats presented themselves as targets to the escorts with increasing possibility of destruction. In this way, the Ubootwaffe suffered severe losses, for little gain, when pressing pack attacks on well-defended convoys.
It seems that satellite surveillance, aircraft carriers, cruise missiles and modern submarines have turned the tactical advantage decidedly in favour of the attacker. See the modern naval tactics article for an idea of the problems facing the defendera.
In the 1990s these convoys became common travelling from Western Europe to countries of the former Yugoslavia, in particular Bosnia and Kosovo, to deal with the aftermath of the wars there. They also travel to countries where standards of care in institutions such as orphanages are considered low by Western European standards, such as Romania; and where other disasters have led to problems, such as around the Chernobyl disaster in Belarus and Ukraine.
The convoys are made possible partly by the relatively small geographic distances between the stable and affluent countries of Western Europe, and the areas of need in Eastern Europe and, in a few cases, North Africa and even Iraq. They are often justified because although less directly cost-effective than mass freight transport, they emphasise the support of large numbers of small groups, and are quite distinct from multinational organisations such as United Nations humanitarian efforts.
Trucker convoys were created as a byproduct of the 55mph speed limit and 18-wheelers becoming the prime targets of speed traps. Most truckers had difficult schedules to keep and as a result had to maintain a speed above the posted speed limit in order to reach their destinations on time. Convoys were started so that multiple trucks could run together at a high speed with the thinking being that if they passed a speed trap the police would only be able to pull over one of the trucks in the convoy.
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No. This is the width of the FSB (Socket A) or HTT-Link (Socket 754 & 939); this can also mean the width of the memory bus. Think of 'bus width' as a highway. For a lack of a better example, a 64-bit wide bus is 4 lanes; a 128-bit bus is 8 lanes. Theoretically, the more lanes there are, the more data that can be passed through.
For your processor to be 64-bit, assuming you're using a Sempron, it must be Socket 754 and have been purchased recently (since they were released about a month or two ago).
------------------------- MODERATOR
The opinions expressed above do not represent those of Advanced Micro Devices or any of their affiliates.
Question: Which of the following is NOT a 64-bit processor mentioned in the text? A) AMD Sempron B) Intel Pentium 4 C) AMD Athlon 64 D) AMD Opteron Answer: B) Intel Pentium 4
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sin x has a range of -1 to 1, that means at its lowest the value sin will be -1 and its highest 1. Input those values in your derivative eq. 1-(-1)=2 and 1-1=0, those values are the range of your derivative as you notice 0 to 2 is always positive. This isn't calculus this is trig, perhaps you have forgotten some of your highschool math nothing to be ashamed of, you should brush up on some trig, math is deffinately accumulative.
It may have been glossed over, but the function can be 0 at isolated points and still have an inverse. Look at x^3, for example. The only thing that happens is that the inverse isn't differentiable at these points. But it's still a valid function.
"The only thing that happens is that the inverse isn't differentiable at these points. But it's (x^1/3) a valid function."
True, but that's because the x^3 has an inflection point at x=0 rather than a local max or min. But the function in questioin, f(x) = x + cos(x), has lots of local maxs and mins. So what does that say about whether it has an inverse?
Question: Which function is mentioned as having an inverse that is not differentiable at certain points? Answer: x^3
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VedaVox was built by people who have learned to love mathematics despite sometimes struggling with its concepts and applications.
Founded in 2014, and launched in January 2017, with the belief that anyone can understand mathematics if its taught to their strengths and builds at their pace, our goal is to address the ever-growing issues in mathematics engagement. This means addressing not just mathematics skills and focusing on building just those but also on changing math attitudes.
This means speaking directly to those who study mathematics and apply it in their daily lives and turning them into a brand new kind of celebrity role model that we can look to for inspiration.
And what better timing then to launch as part of Canada's 150th anniversary. Mathematics is the foundation of innovation and inspiration, and what a better way to celebrate that then to be a part of inspiring the next generation of mathematicians and innovators to bring our country into the next 150 years!
Founder and CEO – Pamela M. Brittain:
Ever since I was a kid I had a love of math, not because I was good or gifted at it, but because it taught me to see the world through a different set of eyes.
I studied Chemistry and Mathematics in my undergraduate degree and then received my degree in education and became a certified teacher in Ontario.
In 2004 I started down a path in education management and program development working in tutoring centres and adult education retraining programs.
Then, in 2008, I was hired by the University of Toronto's Engineering Outreach programs where I developed Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) curriculum. Two years later I started a position in the Department of Mathematics that truly changed my view on the world.
Through the mathematics department I was shown a world I had never dreamed existed. I met researchers from around the world who were studying mathematics for mathematics sake. What amazed me the most was that these were women and men who were nothing like what I thought a mathematician would be. There were some crazy haircuts and rooms full of blackboards but there were also young researchers who worked on cutting edge innovations and developing algorithms and computer programs to solve fascinating mysteries.
I was given the amazing opportunity to take some of this research and showcase it to the world around me through in-person camps, competitions, school visits and more; all aimed at pre-university students in the Toronto area.
I loved what I was doing, but something was missing. Everywhere I went I still heard people talk about how they hated math, how math was useless, how only 'smart people' could do math and that the only math out there was for those that were either struggling or failing (such as tutoring) or for those that were already gifted. In addition, the programs I was involved in, while amazing, were limited to those that could attend them in person. I realized we were missing an entire population who didn't have access to a University in their backyard, or who didn't have the time to physically go to a pre-determined place and time each week for classes.
Question: What inspired Pamela M. Brittain to start VedaVox? Answer: Pamela M. Brittain was inspired to start VedaVox after realizing that many people still had negative perceptions about math, and that there were limited resources for those who couldn't attend in-person classes.
Question: Who are the founders of VedaVox? Answer: VedaVox was built by people who have learned to love mathematics despite sometimes struggling with its concepts and applications.
Question: When was VedaVox launched? Answer: VedaVox was launched in January 2017.
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I was approached by a Christian, and we are now in the midst of an intelligent debate (a first for me :-P). The debate has lately centered around evolution; he has an evolution page that I commented on sometime in our discussion. We're still stuck on the definition of evolution. As best as I remember, evolution was a species accumulating enough changes to become a new species (like a land mammal becoming a dolphin). I try to communicate this to him, but he tells me that the form I talk about is called microevolution and what he's talking about is macroevolution. He also cited the Second Law of Thermodynamics. I'm not sure exactly how to counter this, and I know (reading through some of your replies) that there is much more evidence for evolution than I personally know of. Please help me out.
PS: I have a text-only email client, so if you reply, please do not send HTML.
From: "Positive Atheism Magazine" <firstname.lastname@example.org>
To: "Veronica Greene"
Subject: Re: micro- vs. macroevolution
Date: Sunday, January 21, 2001 12:12 AM
Creationists speak of a difference between macro-evolution and micro-evolution. In the former, species accumulate enough changes to prevent them from being able to interbreed with the parent species or another daughter species. The latter recognizes that a Chihuahua could conceivably breed with a St. Bernard. In order to defend, for themselves, their dogma of biblical special creation, they must deny macro-evolution. In their attempts to bring their dogma into the curricula of our public schools, they must lie in their attempts to discredit the theory of evolution. It is in this latter debate, the public discussion wherein we are called upon to agree with their notions, that we must respond.
The National Academy of Sciences, America's most prestigious scientific organization, has a section on their website dealing specifically with countering the false claims of creationism, while at the same time bring forth solid arguments in defense of the Theory of Evolution. We have several web sites dealing with creationism listed in our Web Guide under Science.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that in a closed system, you can't finish any real physical process with as much useful energy as you had to start with -- some is always wasted. This means that a perpetual motion machine is impossible. However, the creationists show their colors when they invoke the Second Law of Thermodynamics to counter the Theory of Evolution because they fail to mention that the Earth is not a closed system, it is an open system that receives energy from the Sun. In furnishing real physical processes on Earth, energy is wasted, but enough energy is reaching the Earth to make this possible.
On the level of the Universe, the Second Law of Thermodynamics once posed a real problem for the natural sciences, because there was no room in the Universe for order to form. This error was solved when Edwin Hubble showed that the Universe is constantly expanding, and an expanding Universe leaves room for more order to form without violating the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
|"For example, an unassembled bicycle that arrives at your house in a shipping carton is in a state of disorder. You supply the energy of your muscles (which you get from food that came ultimately from sunlight) to assemble the bike. You have got order from disorder by supplying energy. The Sun is the source of energy input to the earth's living systems and allows them to evolve."|
-- Tim Berra, Evolution and the Myth of Creationism
The First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics are covered very concisely in my interview with particle physicist Victor J. Stenger, where he counters the creationists' attacks against science and shows their misuse of science in their attempts to sway the public to their point of view.
The bottom line is that scientists overwhelmingly favor the Theory of Evolution. A creationist needs to show not only why we should distrust the overwhelming consensus of science, but also make a compelling argument for an alternative hypothesis. Creationists' attacks on science and evolution have been, for the most part, lies and chicanery. Their alternative hypothesis is pure superstition, merely complicating the issue and explaining absolutely nothing.
Finally, after losing an entire computer to a virus attack, we've entirely stopped using anything but text. Even our responses to HTML or RTF or Active-X files are text, and our system translates all files into pure text, with the ability to look up such things as italics, etc. However, it's just as easy to indicate italics with a pair of asterisks or underscores, and anybody who formats a lot of e-mail to HTML has already written a macro to take care of that convention.
"Positive Atheism" Magazine
Five years of service to
people with no reason to believe
Material by Cliff Walker (including unsigned editorial commentary) is copyright ©1995-2006 by Cliff Walker. Each submission is copyrighted by its writer, who retains control of the work except that by submitting it to Positive Atheism, permission has been granted to use the material or an edited version: (1) on the Positive Atheism web site; (2) in Positive Atheism Magazine; (3) in subsequent works controlled by Cliff Walker or Positive Atheism Magazine (including published or posted compilations). Excerpts not exceeding 500 words are allowed provided the proper copyright notice is affixed. Other use requires permission; Positive Atheism will work to protect the rights of all who submit their writings to us.
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Editor's Note: This is a condensed version of the first article in our series on recreational and medical marijuana, From seed to smoke: Risks across the marijuana supply chain. Learn how ISO Emerging Issues subscribers can read the full article here.
Facilities and homeowners risks
There are at least two pathways of potential risk for marijuana growers in states that have legalized the plant: (1) those related to the facilities or residences where marijuana is grown; and (2) those related to the grown crop later consumed.
Growing marijuana can be a delicate task. That's why many cultivators grow their marijuana indoors, allowing for a year-round growing season in a tightly controlled environment that can maximize THC content and quality of the plant. THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) is a psychoactive chemical in marijuana that reportedly gives users a euphoric feeling.
But these indoor operations don't come without potential health and safety risks, including, among others:
- Mold: the optimal controlled climate for marijuana is relatively humid, enabling fungal growth and thereby releasing mold spores into the facility or residence. Mold could also have a negative impact on the physical structure of a building or grow house.
- Fires: the optimal climate for a flourishing marijuana plant is also hot and sunny. Indoor cultivators will often simulate continuous sunshine and balmy temperatures with high intensity lights and other equipment.
- Dangerous gases: marijuana also flourishes in a high carbon dioxide climate. Many cultivators will artificially increase the carbon dioxide level in their facilities or residences to maximize crop yields. Cultivators can release the gas either through combustion generators or pressurized carbon dioxide cylinders.
Some organizations and states have attempted to address the potential health and safety risks of cultivating marijuana in a commercial operation. For example, the Colorado Marijuana Occupational Health and Safety Work Group published a Guide to Worker Safety and Health in the Marijuana Industry in January, which noted potential hazards for employees working in marijuana cultivation, including potential exposure to mold, pesticides, fungicides, and other chemicals.
Regarding fires, explosions, and other property damages, the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is currently drafting a new chapter to its fire code specifically to address marijuana growing and processing facilities in response to potential hazards.
And a number of states, such as Alaska and Colorado, have established that cultivators are subject to inspection by the local fire department, building inspector, or code enforcement officer to ensure that health and safety concerns are mitigated. In response to “home grow” marijuana concerns, Colorado has issued safety tips to home growers which address fire hazards from electrical equipment, proper ventilation, pesticide use, and carbon dioxide generators.
Cultivators also face potential liability if the marijuana they produce is contaminated. Because the plant is used in many different ways, the correct pesticide regimen is also not always clear. But despite this lack of clarity, states have been proactively regulating pesticide use. For example, Oregon's Department of Agriculture maintains a list of pesticide products allowed in the production of marijuana. The Oregon Health Authority requires all “marijuana items” produced for the medical or retail marijuana market to be sampled and tested for pesticide and solvent levels by accredited and licensed laboratories. Alaska, Colorado , Washington, and many other states have also published lists of permitted and prohibited pesticides and other crop treatment chemicals.
The ISO Emerging Issues team continues to research and track potential considerations related to marijuana. You can find more of our research here.
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Bear in mind that the Campaign for Liberty is about a lot more than opposing the TSA [campaignforliberty.com], some of which some people may not find all that palatable (e.g. free market fundamentalism, scrapping the Federal Reserve, dismantling most of the federal government, withdrawing from most international organizations).
Oh, that is why we bailed out the airlines a few years back? You know, to ensure that people have the "privilege?"
The TSA has no jurisdiction over you in a private car
You do realize that the reason they cannot just demand that you open your car for an inspection is the same fourth amendment that should make nude scans and pat-downs unconstitutional, right? Your rights are not supposed to disappear just because you are in an airport.
True, it's RAND Paul, but he seems to be following in his father's footsteps - do something dramatic, but totally unfeasible (shut down the TSA).
Now, if he had just suggested that we take all the TSA staff and make them dress up like actors in 'Pirates of the Penzance' or something, then we could have some real Security Theater. I could fly with that....
They searched my back once they saw it on the radar. Poor dude manning the XRays when my bag went through couldn't figure it out, and the chick who searched my bag was like "Ohhhhh!" once she realized what it was. She still had to wipe it down with something (for what, I don't know) and after they reran my bag, they seemed rather embarrassed about the whole thing.
I'm not sure how I can support this thing while giving him the absolute minimum power in the future, it's certainly not worth getting him re-elected unless it's practically certain he can pull it off, and probable it won't happen without him, but man he's right about this one, and any help I can give to this specific endeavor, I will. His views on abortion, civil rights, and other libertarian nuttiness are unconscionable, but if there's a way to work with an enemy toward a common goal without getting too fucked over by the cooperation... well, the TSA is enough of a threat that it's worth working with an enemy to get rid of it. I'd say the same about the wiretap insanity and data sharing with other countries. I imagine Paul sees people like me the same way--an enemy, but with a common goal. Maybe we can use each other.
If he handles it well, pulls it off, and doesn't turn it into a power-grab, I'd probably be... less... skeptical of him in the future. I think there's about a 2% chance he does any one of those things, let alone all three, but I wholeheartedly agree with simply scrapping the TSA and I'm willing to hear him out on this.
Question: What is the estimated chance that Rand Paul will handle the TSA issue well, pull it off, and not turn it into a power-grab? Answer: 2%.
Question: Which amendment is mentioned in the text that should make nude scans and pat-downs unconstitutional? Answer: The Fourth Amendment.
Question: What is one of the author's concerns about working with Rand Paul? Answer: Getting "too fucked over by the cooperation".
Question: What is one of the reasons the author is willing to work with Rand Paul despite disagreeing with him on other issues? Answer: To help scrap the TSA.
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Should My Houseplants Touch Each Other: Here’s What To Do
Everyone knows how human touch can not only be heartwarming and but also has soothing qualities known to reduce stress. But what about when it comes to houseplants in particular.
Does a gentle touch from a fellow house-living potted flora bring positive vibes to your houseplant’s world? Or can it have other effects which may even stop it from growing?
In our helpful article, we will help those wondering, ‘should my houseplants touch each other?’ and give you the definitive answer! Let’s start with a quick summary…
Generally, houseplants should not touch each other. Science has discovered they can feel touch, so if touched by another plant it can cause a genetic defense response that reduces growth.
Alongside this, houseplants that touch could become more easily infested with pests.
So the short answer is no, houseplants should not touch each other. Now let’s discover more about why your houseplants prefer a solo existence or if there are rare occasions when grouping them together is better for their well-being.
In effort to understand a little better whether houseplants should touch each other, let’s begin by exploring whether plants can feel being touched.
Can Houseplants Feel Touch?
We all have heard about the positive benefits of talking to plants but what about actual touch?
It’s surprising not only to us but also to scientists studying houseplants to discover they can actually feel touch.
A plant will respond fairly rapidly to physical contact with:
- Other plants
According to experts such as those from La Trobe University who published their findings in The Plant Journal discovered that touch had a significant response in plants of all kinds, from houseplants to ones grown outdoors.
However at this time research still isn’t clear as to why houseplants and others respond in such a manner.
Touch Triggers A Genetic Defense Response In Houseplants
According to Professor Jim Whelan, the research lead of the above study, even a small touch to a houseplant could activate a response in terms of a genetic defense.
In a nutshell, this means that any touch to a plant, whether a houseplant or any kind of outdoor plant will trigger stress and cause it to defend itself genetically.
The important takeaway here is also that if a houseplant feels touch repeatedly, it can significantly stunt its growth.
Professor Jim Whelan, who led the research, said that even the slightest touch activates a major genetic defense response which, if repeated, slows down plant growth.
This is what professor Whelan says on the subject of touch.
“The lightest touch from a human, animal, insect, or even plants touching each other, triggers a huge gene response in the plant,”
“Within 30 minutes of being touched, 10 percent of the plant’s genome is altered.
“This involves a huge expenditure of energy which is taken away from plant growth. If the touching is repeated, then plant growth is reduced by up to 30 percent.”
It’s important to understand that touch from humans, other animals, insects, and even a touch from a fellow houseplant stimulate the genetic response which will slow down their growth.
Touch, Slow Growth & Light
Although it can appear negative for a houseplant to have stunted growth, if houseplants are grouped together with their leaves touching, it’s one way of ensuring they all get equal amounts of light.
Touch Means Houseplants Will Grow Less
We know that if houseplants are touching each other a genetic response will trigger in the houseplant to slow its growth. Having a grouping of houseplants close together can sometimes be troublesome because the plants are all competing for one vital nutrient, light.
When houseplants touch this will effectively prevent them from growing into a space already occupied by another plant and will allow all plants within the grouping to have enough nutrients and light.
Thankfully, this is where BRAID & WOOD Plant Hangers can benefit your plants. Partly because plant hangers and shelves provide an opportunity for your plants to be kept higher up – on walls for example.
And in fact, this also offers the added benefit of keeping them out of reach of children and pets.
A BRAID & WOOD Plant Hanger allows a single plant to grow unhindered by other plants around it.
What Do Plants Do When Touched?
In most plants, there won’t be any visible evidence but some plants, such as the Mimosa Pudica will visibly fold up, shrinking away from anything that brushes or touches its leaves.
So much so, this plant is often referred to as the Touch-Me-Not Plant or the Shame Plant.
These plants are well known for disliking their leaves being handled, or touched by other plants and will shrink away from any kind of physical contact.
This physical response is thought to discourage any insects likely to harm it or dislodge pests already in its leaves.
The word for this response phenomenon is “thigmomorphogenesis”.
Plants That Touch Invoke Molecular And Biochemical Changes
Other house plants may not have such a clear response, but they certainly react to the sensation of something such as a human, animal, insect, or another plant that touches their leaves.
It’s clear they will display ‘invisible’ responses to mechanical stress which includes being touched by fellow green housemates, including changes at their molecular and biochemical levels.
So along with the fact that any houseplants whose leaves touch may not grow as much as they should, are there any more reasons why you should think carefully if houseplants should touch?
Houseplants That Touch Are Easier To Infest
The closer your plants are, the easiest they are to infest.
Pests such as thrips and spider mites, have a much easier time moving around your houseplants if they are actively touching each other.
House plant pests typically don’t like to travel very far, so by making sure your plants don’t touch, it’s easier to isolate an infected plant.
“Pests such as thrips and spider mites, have a much easier time moving around your houseplants, if they are actively touching each other.”
Should I Group My Houseplants Together?
Although we’ve discovered houseplants grow better and are less easy to become infected if they don’t touch, it’s worth knowing that grouping them together can be beneficial.
Plants that grow in the wild do this for a number of reasons.
For instance, houseplants that like moisture will create their own mini-biome. This is because houseplants that like humidity will create their own pocket of moisture.
So if you want to keep your plants apart, then what ways can you adopt in order to keep your house plants from touching each other? Let’s look at that next…
How To Arrange Your Plants So That They Don’t Touch Each Other
Varying Plant Heights Prevent Touching
As we mentioned earlier, using the V-Hangers, or Single Plant Shelves can help keep plants a safe distance apart. You could use these types of plant holders to add a vertical display of plants.
Use Furniture To Separate Plants
Spread plants evenly around the room, and between available furniture. This means you can provide interesting plants between vacant gaps in your furniture and also allow them their own space.
Prune Plants To Keep Them Apart
Plants grow, of course! So if they are getting larger, or for already existing larger plants, consider trimming them back to free up space. It can also enable them to become more healthy too.
Train Plants To Climb Or Spread In A Certain Direction
Moss poles, rails, and indoor trellis can work wonders, not only as decor but to help train plants to climb. Or simply drape them along – or off the side of the furniture to keep them separated. Radiator shelves are perfect for this.
Go Minimalist To Keep Plants Apart
Sometimes less is more. Consider just getting a few elegant plant holders around the room. This enables you to have a greater focus on some really pretty plant holders and plants, rather than just lots of plants.
So I hope we’ve given you lots of important information on your houseplants and how they react if they touch each other. Who knew?
To elevate your green space in both your home and workspace don’t forget to check our range of minimalist and modern indoor plant hangers for the houseplant lover!
At BRAID & WOOD all of our products are made from high quality hardwoods like maple, white oak and walnut.
Check out our easy to follow step-by-step video on The Easiest Way To Add An Air Plant Holder In Your Home
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Heart disease is a large umbrella that includes atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries, which accounts for about three-quarters of heart problems), as well as previous heart attacks, abnormalities of the heart valves and heart-rhythm problems. Divers with heart disease run the risk of fatal heart attacks in the water, as well as nonfatal heart attacks and chest pain that can lead to panic and drowning. Dive operators can and will deny people who've had heart attacks or report heart disease. Though it remains the leading killer of divers, and the risk of death is a very serious consideration, this diagnosis no longer immediately precludes diving.
Diving with heart disease: DAN recommends waiting six months to a year after a heart attack or heart surgery before considering diving again. Then you should test your dive fitness with a stress test, Kay says, where your heart function is monitored while you exercise at increasing intensity on a treadmill. "If you can reach an exercise intensity of 13 METS (the exertion equivalent of running a 7.5-minute mile), your heart is strong enough for most any exertion," he says. You also need to be symptom-free. If you have chest pain, lightheadedness or breathlessness during exertion, you should not be diving. Blood-thinning heart medicines may require more conservative dives because they increase the risk of excessive bleeding in the case of ear, sinus or lung injuries. "Blood thinners like Warfarin can also turn DCS into a more serious situation as a bubble can cause hemorrhaging into the spinal cord or brain," Kay says. Stay conservative and well within safe diving limits.
Diagnosis: Cancer
Many doctors remain unsure when--or even if--their cancer patients can safely return to diving. The disease is characterized by out-of-control cell growth that can cause tumors and destroy healthy tissue, and depending on what type of cancer you have--for instance, lung cancer--cause permanent organ damage that could disqualify you from diving. Cancer treatments, surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy carry their own unique risks, but if all goes well, there's a chance that you can safely return to diving.
»Diving after cancer: You should wait until you're done with therapy and back on your feet before you consider going back in the water, Kay says. "Chemo and radiation therapy can wipe out your stamina. It may take a full year before you recover your energy and exercise tolerance." Certain chemotherapy drugs can increase your risk for cardiac and pulmonary toxicity should you need hyperbaric oxygen therapy while taking them, and chemotherapy suppresses the body's immune system, leaving you vulnerable to infection. "You should be fully recovered before being exposed to the ocean and its myriad pathogens," says Kay.
Question: What is the exertion level required to prove a heart is strong enough for most any exertion? Answer: Reaching an exercise intensity of 13 METS (equivalent to running a 7.5-minute mile)
Question: How long should one wait after a heart attack or heart surgery before considering diving again? Answer: Six months to a year
Question: What is the general advice for cancer patients who want to return to diving? Answer: They should wait until they're done with therapy and back on their feet before considering going back in the water.
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