text
stringlengths 171
100k
| label
stringlengths 12
100k
|
|---|---|
bummer… martin luther king jr. stole "i have a dream speech" from black republican
in her interview on meet the press with tim russert last sunday january 13, 2008, hillary clinton claimed that, “he (dr. martin luther king jr.) campaigned for political leaders, including lyndon johnson.” this sound correct since martin luther king jr. was thought to be a republican so it make sense that he would be campaigning for a democrat.
while investigating whether jr. ever campaigned for democrat (which i was never able to verify) i did find a disturbing piece of information that was something i had not heard before.
martin luther king jr. took his “i have a dream speech” from a black republican…
without ever giving proper credit to that republican.
gaven reported on the jr. penchant to plagiarize previously:
“even the much celebrated “i have a dream” speech of 1963 was plagiarized. by a peculiar turn of events, the source king raided for this was a speech given to the republican national convention of 1952, by a black preacher named archibald carey.”
archibald carey was appointed chair of the committee on government employment policy by president dwight d. eisenhower on august 3, 1957. he was the first african-american to hold this position. mr. carey also served as an alternate delegate from the united states to the united nations from 1953 to 1956.
in 1952 rev. archibald carey gave a speech at the republican national convention. here is part of that “not so well known” speech by rev. archibald carey, jr. at the republican convention in 1952:
“we, negro americans, sing with all loyal americans:
my country ’tis of thee,
sweet land of liberty,
of thee i sing.
land where my fathers died,
land of the pilgrims’ pride
from every mountainside
let freedom ring! exactly what we mean
from every mountain side, let freedom ring.
not only from the green mountains and white mountains
of vermont and new hampshire;
not only from the catskills of new york;
but from the ozarks in arkansas,
from the stone mountain in georgia,
from the blue ridge mountains of virginia
— let it ring not only for the minorities of the united states,
but for the of all the earth
may the republican party, under god, from every mountainside,
let freedom ring!”
and, here are the famous words from the “i have a dream” speech by dr. martin luther king jr. on august 28, 1963:
this will be the day when all of children will be able to sing with a new meaning,
“my country, ’tis of thee,
sweet land of liberty,
of thee i sing.
land where my fathers died,
land of the pride,
from every mountainside,
let freedom ring.” and if america is to be a great nation this must become true.
so let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of new hampshire.
let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of new york.
let freedom ring from the heightening alleghenies of pennsylvania!
let freedom ring from the rockies of colorado!
let freedom ring from the slopes of california!
but not only that; let freedom ring from stone mountain of georgia!
let freedom ring from lookout mountain of tennessee!
let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of mississippi.
from every mountainside, let freedom ring. and when this happens, when we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of children, black men and white men, jews and gentiles, protestants and catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old negro spiritual, “free at last! free at last! thank god almighty, we are free at last!”
this weekend as the life of dr. martin luther king jr. is celebrated, remember the black republican behind this great american speech–
the reverend archibald carey
related… senator barack obama gave a sermon today in the ebenezer baptist church where he celebrated the words of dr. martin luther king jr.
lynn sweet has photos from his church sermon.
|
bummer…*… ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ jr*. stoʊl "aɪ hæv ə drim spiʧ" frəm blæk rɪˈpəblɪkən ɪn hər ˈɪntərvˌju ɔn mit ðə prɛs wɪθ tɪm ˈrəsərt læst ˈsənˌdi ˈʤænjuˌɛri 13 2008 ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən kleɪmd ðət, (ˈdɑktər. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ jr*.) kæmˈpeɪnd fər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈlidərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈlɪndən johnson.”*.” ðɪs saʊnd kərˈɛkt sɪns ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ jr*. wɑz θɔt tɪ bi ə rɪˈpəblɪkən soʊ ɪt meɪk sɛns ðət hi wʊd bi kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ fər ə ˈdɛməˌkræt. waɪl ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ˈwɛðər jr*. ˈɛvər kæmˈpeɪnd fər ˈdɛməˌkræt (wɪʧ aɪ wɑz ˈnɛvər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ) aɪ dɪd faɪnd ə dɪˈstərbɪŋ pis əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət wɑz ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ hæd nɑt hərd ˌbiˈfɔr. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ jr*. tʊk hɪz hæv ə drim speech”*” frəm ə blæk republican…*… wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛvər ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈprɑpər ˈkrɛdɪt tɪ ðət rɪˈpəblɪkən. ˈgeɪvən ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn ðə jr*. ˈpɛnʧənt tɪ ˈpleɪʤərˌaɪz ˈpriviəsli: ðə məʧ ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd hæv ə dream”*” spiʧ əv 1963 wɑz ˈpleɪʤərˌaɪzd. baɪ ə pɪˈkjuljər tərn əv ɪˈvɛnts, ðə sɔrs kɪŋ ˈreɪdɪd fər ðɪs wɑz ə spiʧ ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈnæʃənəl kənˈvɛnʃən əv 1952 baɪ ə blæk ˈpriʧər neɪmd ˈɑrʧəˌbɔld carey.”*.” ˈɑrʧəˌbɔld ˈkɛri wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd ʧɛr əv ðə kəˈmɪti ɔn ˈgəvərnmənt ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈpɑləsi baɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt dwaɪt di. ˈaɪzənˌhaʊər ɔn ˈɔgəst 3 1957 hi wɑz ðə fərst ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən tɪ hoʊld ðɪs pəˈzɪʃən. ˈmɪstər. ˈkɛri ˈɔlsoʊ sərvd ɛz ən ˈɔltərˌneɪt ˈdɛləˌgeɪt frəm ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz frəm 1953 tɪ 1956 ɪn 1952 rɛv. ˈɑrʧəˌbɔld ˈkɛri geɪv ə spiʧ æt ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈnæʃənəl kənˈvɛnʃən. hir ɪz pɑrt əv ðət soʊ wɛl known”*” spiʧ baɪ rɛv. ˈɑrʧəˌbɔld ˈkɛri, jr*. æt ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən kənˈvɛnʃən ɪn 1952 ““we*, ˈnigroʊ əˈmɛrɪkənz, sɪŋ wɪθ ɔl lɔɪəl əˈmɛrɪkənz: maɪ ˈkəntri əv ði, swit lænd əv ˈlɪbərˌti, əv ði aɪ sɪŋ. lænd wɛr maɪ ˈfɑðərz daɪd, lænd əv ðə pilgrims’*’ praɪd frəm ˈɛvəri ˈmaʊntənˌsaɪd lɛt ˈfridəm rɪŋ! ɪgˈzæktli wət wi min frəm ˈɛvəri ˈmaʊntən saɪd, lɛt ˈfridəm rɪŋ. nɑt ˈoʊnli frəm ðə grin ˈmaʊntənz ənd waɪt ˈmaʊntənz əv vərˈmɑnt ənd nu ˈhæmʃər; nɑt ˈoʊnli frəm ðə ˈkætˌskɪlz əv nu jɔrk; bət frəm ðə ˈoʊˌzɑrks ɪn ˈɑrkənˌsɑ, frəm ðə stoʊn ˈmaʊntən ɪn ˈʤɔrʤə, frəm ðə blu rɪʤ ˈmaʊntənz əv vərˈʤɪnjə lɛt ɪt rɪŋ nɑt ˈoʊnli fər ðə məˈnɔrətiz əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, bət fər ðə əv ɔl ðə ərθ meɪ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti, ˈəndər gɑd, frəm ˈɛvəri ˈmaʊntənˌsaɪd, lɛt ˈfridəm ring!”*!” ənd, hir ər ðə ˈfeɪməs wərdz frəm ðə hæv ə dream”*” spiʧ baɪ ˈdɑktər. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ jr*. ɔn ˈɔgəst 28 1963 ðɪs wɪl bi ðə deɪ wɪn ɔl əv ˈʧɪldrən wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ sɪŋ wɪθ ə nu ˈminɪŋ, ˈkəntri, əv ði, swit lænd əv ˈlɪbərˌti, əv ði aɪ sɪŋ. lænd wɛr maɪ ˈfɑðərz daɪd, lænd əv ðə praɪd, frəm ˈɛvəri ˈmaʊntənˌsaɪd, lɛt ˈfridəm ring.”*.” ənd ɪf əˈmɛrɪkə ɪz tɪ bi ə greɪt ˈneɪʃən ðɪs məst bɪˈkəm tru. soʊ lɛt ˈfridəm rɪŋ frəm ðə prəˈdɪʤəs ˈhɪlˌtɑps əv nu ˈhæmʃər. lɛt ˈfridəm rɪŋ frəm ðə ˈmaɪti ˈmaʊntənz əv nu jɔrk. lɛt ˈfridəm rɪŋ frəm ðə ˈhaɪtənɪŋ ˌæləˈgeɪniz əv ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə! lɛt ˈfridəm rɪŋ frəm ðə ˈrɑkiz əv ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ! lɛt ˈfridəm rɪŋ frəm ðə sloʊps əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə! bət nɑt ˈoʊnli ðət; lɛt ˈfridəm rɪŋ frəm stoʊn ˈmaʊntən əv ˈʤɔrʤə! lɛt ˈfridəm rɪŋ frəm ˈlʊˌkaʊt ˈmaʊntən əv ˌtɛnəˈsi! lɛt ˈfridəm rɪŋ frəm ˈɛvəri hɪl ənd ˈmoʊˌlhɪl əv ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi. frəm ˈɛvəri ˈmaʊntənˌsaɪd, lɛt ˈfridəm rɪŋ. ənd wɪn ðɪs ˈhæpənz, wɪn wi əˈlaʊ ˈfridəm tɪ rɪŋ, wɪn wi lɛt ɪt rɪŋ frəm ˈɛvəri ˈvɪlɪʤ ənd ˈɛvəri ˈhæmlɪt, frəm ˈɛvəri steɪt ənd ˈɛvəri ˈsɪti, wi wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ spid əp ðət deɪ wɪn ɔl əv ˈʧɪldrən, blæk mɛn ənd waɪt mɛn, ʤuz ənd ˈʤɛnˌtaɪlz, ˈprɑtəstənts ənd ˈkæθlɪks, wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ʤɔɪn hænz ənd sɪŋ ɪn ðə wərdz əv ðə oʊld ˈnigroʊ ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl, æt læst! fri æt læst! θæŋk gɑd ɔlˈmaɪti, wi ər fri æt last!”*!” ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd ɛz ðə laɪf əv ˈdɑktər. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ jr*. ɪz ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd, rɪˈmɛmbər ðə blæk rɪˈpəblɪkən bɪˈhaɪnd ðɪs greɪt əˈmɛrɪkən speech–*– ðə ˈrɛvərənd ˈɑrʧəˌbɔld ˈkɛri related…*… ˈsɛnətər ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə geɪv ə ˈsərmən təˈdeɪ ɪn ðə ˌɛbɪˈnizər ˈbæptɪst ʧərʧ wɛr hi ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd ðə wərdz əv ˈdɑktər. ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ jr*. lɪn swit həz ˈfoʊˌtoʊz frəm hɪz ʧərʧ ˈsərmən.
|
Half of the residents of Illinois would like to leave the state. It's about the same in Connecticut.
Meanwhile, few wish to move out of Hawaii, Montana or Maine.
That's according to a new Gallup poll released today, a poll that finds Alabama atop fellow southern states.
Gallup asked: "Regardless of whether you will move, if you had the opportunity, would you like to move to another state, or would you rather remain in your current state?"
In Alabama, just 31 percent of respondents said they would like to move away. That tied Florida for the fewest in the South. But when the question was flipped, Floridians were less certain.
In Alabama, 69 percent of residents asserted they want to remain in Alabama. And 67 percent said so in Florida.
Kentucky, Tennessee and Arkansas were close behind, all ranked with slightly more favorable responses than the national average. Mississippi and Georgia were closer to the bottom of the list, as 39 percent of residents would leave Mississippi and 38 percent said the same in Georgia.
On the whole, most of the South tended to fall near the national average. One third of people across the country want to leave the state they live in. But there is greater variation in other regions.
In Maine, Montana and Hawaii just 23 percent of residents would move if they could. Close behind are Oregon, Texas and New Hampshire.
At the other of the spectrum, more than 40 percent of residents want to leave Louisiana, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Nevada and Maryland.
And at the very bottom of the list, in Connecticut and Illinois, less than half of the residents would stay if moving was an option.
|
hæf əv ðə ˈrɛzɪdənts əv ˌɪləˈnɔɪz wʊd laɪk tɪ liv ðə steɪt. ɪts əˈbaʊt ðə seɪm ɪn kəˈnɛtəkət. ˈminˌwaɪl, fju wɪʃ tɪ muv aʊt əv həˈwaɪˌi, mɑnˈtænə ər meɪn. ðæts əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə nu ˈgæləp poʊl riˈlist təˈdeɪ, ə poʊl ðət faɪndz ˌæləˈbæmə əˈtɑp ˈfɛloʊ ˈsəðərn steɪts. ˈgæləp æst: "rəˈgɑrdləs əv ˈwɛðər ju wɪl muv, ɪf ju hæd ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti, wʊd ju laɪk tɪ muv tɪ əˈnəðər steɪt, ər wʊd ju ˈrəðər rɪˈmeɪn ɪn jʊr ˈkɑrənt steɪt?" ɪn ˌæləˈbæmə, ʤɪst 31 pərˈsɛnt əv rɪˈspɑndənts sɛd ðeɪ wʊd laɪk tɪ muv əˈweɪ. ðət taɪd ˈflɔrɪdə fər ðə fjuəst ɪn ðə saʊθ. bət wɪn ðə kˈwɛʃən wɑz flɪpt, flɔˈrɪdiənz wər lɛs ˈsərtən. ɪn ˌæləˈbæmə, 69 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈrɛzɪdənts əˈsərtəd ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ˌæləˈbæmə. ənd 67 pərˈsɛnt sɛd soʊ ɪn ˈflɔrɪdə. kənˈtəki, ˌtɛnəˈsi ənd ˈɑrkənˌsɑ wər kloʊz bɪˈhaɪnd, ɔl ræŋkt wɪθ sˈlaɪtli mɔr ˈfeɪvərəbəl rɪˈspɑnsɪz ðən ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈævərɪʤ. ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi ənd ˈʤɔrʤə wər ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə lɪst, ɛz 39 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈrɛzɪdənts wʊd liv ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi ənd 38 pərˈsɛnt sɛd ðə seɪm ɪn ˈʤɔrʤə. ɔn ðə hoʊl, moʊst əv ðə saʊθ ˈtɛndɪd tɪ fɔl nɪr ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈævərɪʤ. wən θərd əv ˈpipəl əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri wɔnt tɪ liv ðə steɪt ðeɪ lɪv ɪn. bət ðɛr ɪz ˈgreɪtər ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən ɪn ˈəðər ˈriʤənz. ɪn meɪn, mɑnˈtænə ənd həˈwaɪˌi ʤɪst 23 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈrɛzɪdənts wʊd muv ɪf ðeɪ kʊd. kloʊz bɪˈhaɪnd ər ˈɔrəˌgɑn, ˈtɛksəs ənd nu ˈhæmʃər. æt ðə ˈəðər əv ðə ˈspɛktrəm, mɔr ðən 40 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈrɛzɪdənts wɔnt tɪ liv luˌiziˈænə, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts, nu jɔrk, nu ˈʤərzi, roʊd ˈaɪlənd, nəˈvɑdə ənd ˈmɛrələnd. ənd æt ðə ˈvɛri ˈbɑtəm əv ðə lɪst, ɪn kəˈnɛtəkət ənd ˌɪləˈnɔɪz, lɛs ðən hæf əv ðə ˈrɛzɪdənts wʊd steɪ ɪf ˈmuvɪŋ wɑz ən ˈɔpʃən.
|
los angeles mayor antonio broke his elbow in a bicycle accident saturday evening, a spokesman said.
the mayor was riding in the bicycle lane on venice boulevard in at about p.m. when a taxi abruptly pulled in front of him. the mayor hit his brakes and fell off the bike.
he was transported to ronald medical center, where he was treated for the broken bone.
by 10 p.m. he had been released and was resting comfortably at getty house, the mayor's official residence.
the mayor's accident comes as bicyclists in the city have increasingly been complaining about safety issues and pressing city officials to do more to make cycling safe.
bicycle advocates have called for more dedicated bike lanes and appeared repeatedly before the city council to argue that a specific share of funds from measure r, the 2008 sales tax for transportation projects, should be set aside for bicycle- and initiatives.
bicycle activist stephen box filled out paperwork last week to run for city council in the district represented by councilman tom that includes hollywood, koreatown and north hollywood. box, who was run off the road by a bus while cycling on sunset boulevard several years ago, said venice boulevard already has bike lanes but needs considerably more attention from city officials.
"venice boulevard is notorious for having all of the trash cans block the bike lanes. venice boulevard is notorious for having motor homes block the bike lanes. and venice boulevard is notorious for having fast traffic that uses the bike lane to squeeze through even when bicyclists are in the bike lane," he said.
police chief charlie beck has made overtures to bicyclists, promising to make their safety a bigger priority and sending some of his officers to ride in the monthly critical mass bicycle ride in june. the lapd issued a directive instructing officers that a motorist can be held responsible for causing a bicycle accident even if he or she did not make direct contact with the rider -- and can be arrested for fleeing the scene, box said.
-- andrew and david zahniser
|
lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs meɪər ænˈtoʊnioʊ broʊk hɪz ˈɛlˌboʊ ɪn ə ˈbaɪsɪkəl ˈæksədənt ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ, ə ˈspoʊksmən sɛd. ðə meɪər wɑz ˈraɪdɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈbaɪsɪkəl leɪn ɔn ˈvɛnɪs ˈbʊləˌvɑrd ɪn æt əˈbaʊt p.m*. wɪn ə ˈtæksi əˈbrəptli pʊld ɪn frənt əv ɪm. ðə meɪər hɪt hɪz breɪks ənd fɛl ɔf ðə baɪk. hi wɑz trænˈspɔrtəd tɪ ˈrɑnəld ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsɛnər, wɛr hi wɑz ˈtritɪd fər ðə ˈbroʊkən boʊn. baɪ 10 p.m*. hi hæd bɪn riˈlist ənd wɑz ˈrɛstɪŋ ˈkəmfərtəbli æt ˈgɛti haʊs, ðə meɪərz əˈfɪʃəl ˈrɛzɪdəns. ðə meɪərz ˈæksədənt kəmz ɛz ˈbaɪˌsɪklɪsts ɪn ðə ˈsɪti hæv ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli bɪn kəmˈpleɪnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈseɪfti ˈɪʃuz ənd ˈprɛsɪŋ ˈsɪti əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ du mɔr tɪ meɪk ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ seɪf. ˈbaɪsɪkəl ˈædvəˌkeɪts hæv kɔld fər mɔr ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd baɪk leɪnz ənd əˈpɪrd rɪˈpitɪdli ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsəl tɪ ˈɑrgju ðət ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ʃɛr əv fəndz frəm ˈmɛʒər ɑr, ðə 2008 seɪlz tæks fər ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˈprɑʤɛkts, ʃʊd bi sɛt əˈsaɪd fər ˈbaɪsɪkəl- ənd ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz. ˈbaɪsɪkəl ˈæktɪvɪst ˈstivən bɑks fɪld aʊt ˈpeɪpərˌwərk læst wik tɪ rən fər ˈsɪti ˈkaʊnsəl ɪn ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd baɪ ˈkaʊnsəlmən tɑm ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ˈhɑliˌwʊd, ˌkɔˈriəˌtaʊn ənd nɔrθ ˈhɑliˌwʊd. bɑks, hu wɑz rən ɔf ðə roʊd baɪ ə bəs waɪl ˈsaɪkəlɪŋ ɔn ˈsənˌsɛt ˈbʊləˌvɑrd ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz əˈgoʊ, sɛd ˈvɛnɪs ˈbʊləˌvɑrd ɔˈrɛdi həz baɪk leɪnz bət nidz kənˈsɪdərəbli mɔr əˈtɛnʃən frəm ˈsɪti əˈfɪʃəlz. "ˈvɛnɪs ˈbʊləˌvɑrd ɪz noʊˈtɔriəs fər ˈhævɪŋ ɔl əv ðə træʃ kænz blɑk ðə baɪk leɪnz. ˈvɛnɪs ˈbʊləˌvɑrd ɪz noʊˈtɔriəs fər ˈhævɪŋ ˈmoʊtər hoʊmz blɑk ðə baɪk leɪnz. ənd ˈvɛnɪs ˈbʊləˌvɑrd ɪz noʊˈtɔriəs fər ˈhævɪŋ fæst ˈtræfɪk ðət ˈjuzɪz ðə baɪk leɪn tɪ skwiz θru ˈivɪn wɪn ˈbaɪˌsɪklɪsts ər ɪn ðə baɪk leɪn," hi sɛd. pəˈlis ʧif ˈʧɑrli bɛk həz meɪd ˈoʊvərˌʧʊrz tɪ ˈbaɪˌsɪklɪsts, ˈprɑməsɪŋ tɪ meɪk ðɛr ˈseɪfti ə ˈbɪgər praɪˈɔrəti ənd ˈsɛndɪŋ səm əv hɪz ˈɔfɪsərz tɪ raɪd ɪn ðə ˈmənθli ˈkrɪtɪkəl mæs ˈbaɪsɪkəl raɪd ɪn ʤun. ðə ˈɛˈleɪˈpiˈdi ˈɪʃud ə dɪˈrɛktɪv ˌɪnˈstrəktɪŋ ˈɔfɪsərz ðət ə ˈmoʊtərɪst kən bi hɛld riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈkɔzɪŋ ə ˈbaɪsɪkəl ˈæksədənt ˈivɪn ɪf hi ər ʃi dɪd nɑt meɪk dɪˈrɛkt ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðə ˈraɪdər ənd kən bi ərˈɛstɪd fər fliɪŋ ðə sin, bɑks sɛd. ˈændru ənd ˈdeɪvɪd ˈzɑnaɪzər
|
during the debate, one comment stuck in my mind and seemed to resonate with people on both sides of the argument. responding to expert claims in june that would damage the economy, leave campaigner michael gove delivered a line that sent shivers down the spines of our colleagues in all fields: “people in this country have had enough of experts”.
four months on, we can start to see the results of the vote to leave the european union. the markets are volatile, the future is uncertain and many of us are left trying to figure out what has caused the big divide in our country. disillusionment, austerity and misinformation have all been blamed for the result. so, what does this mean for science?
for centuries, britain has been at the forefront of science and engineering. science is not just part of our heritage, it is part of our future; the’s competitiveness and economy depend on it. but when mr gove made this statement, it made me wonder if our relationship with experts and scientists was changing.
mr comments are believable, since trust in many sectors has declined sharply in recent years. the financial services compensation scheme says that trust in the financial sector was shattered by the recession. trust in charities has also dipped from a rating of out of 10 to since 2014, with people citing reasons such as aggressive fundraising tactics and the collapse of kids company as the cause of this dip. trust in also fell after the expenses scandal, according to mori. these events have shaken confidence in the people and institutions we considered to be experts.
are scientific experts next to undergo a sharp decline in trust? what could this mean for the and our place in the world?
at the british science association, we monitor the relationship between science and society, and complicated. on the surface, trust in scientists is very high more people trust scientists to tell the truth (79%) than the police (53%) or the clergy (67%), according to veracity index. the institute for government also found that most of us want experts to be involved in policy decisions (85%), and for their evidence to be used by politicians (83%).
delve a bit deeper and you find that this trust is less robust than it first seems. our research shows that only 12% of the population actively seek out scientific information, media content or events. around 52% are open to science but actively seek it out, and 27% completely avoid it. with most of our citizens disengaged from science, is their trust in experts resilient?
this low level of engagement suggests that our relationship with science and expertise is based largely on blind trust. we allow scientists and scientific institutions to get on with their work, often with public funding, without much questioning or scrutiny. we rely on science to police itself. but who can blame us when science is so inaccessible: an academic article in a access journal can cost more than to read; funding decisions are made behind closed doors; and many scientists are not recognised or rewarded for their engagement with people outside their profession.
this blind trust has been by sociologist anthony giddens as ‘civil inattention’. many of us have no choice but to trust experts because it is difficult to challenge people who have more specialist knowledge than us. events such as the controversy, food protests, the crisis and then come as a shock to those in the scientific establishment who are not used to being challenged.
from these examples, clear that people get involved and question things when they matter to them, or when their trust in others is eroded. on the back of a public outcry over’ expenses, charity fundraising and the financial sector, new regulators have been established to push for responsible conduct but not yet clear whether the recent drop in trust for these groups will force them to the way they function. it has taken a crisis in these areas to force good practice.
back in the world of science, many of our colleagues and partners are concerned that a scandal will destroy the seemingly fragile trust many have for researchers and experts.
at the british science association, we think time to get ahead of the curve and make some radical changes. working to enable people to access, question and research. we think a fast track to accelerated innovation, a democratic society and stronger citizenship. we want to see a population that is keen to actively engage as critical friends, with institutions that are open to challenge and scrutiny.
we the huxley summit to bring into the leadership and decision-making structures of science. we hope that by bringing together leaders from across our society, we will blur the lines that separate science from business, politics, media, and the arts. with provocative talks from speakers such as rt. hon. the lord david willetts, former science minister; dame sally davies, chief medical officer; karen blackett, chair of and sacha romanovitch, ceo of grant thornton, we hope the summit will spark the conversations i believe are needed to move our country forward in these uncertain times. all of the summit speeches will be made available online so that these conversations can continue.
we named the summit after thomas henry huxley, a biologist who in 1860 gave his ferocious support to theory of evolution at the annual meeting. crucially, the debate included voices from science alongside those from religion and other areas. huxley fought for a radical new idea against a powerful establishment, built a network of supporters and pushed for what he believed in. we hope the summit will provide a platform for leaders of innovation to spark debate and build trust in the century.
we at the british science association envision a world where everyone can learn, use and question the knowledge created by our institutions and contribute their ideas and findings. we want everyone to feel united in the aim of scientific and societal progress. to do this, we need support from all types of organisations and people.
we want to see an opening up of what happens inside science. more accessible communication is a first step towards being fully open and transparent. this means more dialogue between citizens and institutions, and crucially before the big decisions are made. another step is scientific research. after that, could we see new and disruptive ways to access information from organisations that take us away from trust and toward a sense of shared ownership and accountability?
we want to see a proactive approach to openness, to help rebuild the relationship between people, experts and institutions. we hope that this will help to prevent scandals in science and other sectors. these ideas are universally applicable across business, charity and government, and we hope to provide a platform to discuss them today.
|
ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə dəˈbeɪt, wən ˈkɑmɛnt stək ɪn maɪ maɪnd ənd simd tɪ ˈrɛzəˌneɪt wɪθ ˈpipəl ɔn boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt. rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ˈɛkspərt kleɪmz ɪn ʤun ðət wʊd ˈdæmɪʤ ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi, liv kæmˈpeɪnər ˈmaɪkəl goʊv dɪˈlɪvərd ə laɪn ðət sɛnt ˈʃɪvərz daʊn ðə spaɪnz əv ɑr ˈkɑligz ɪn ɔl fildz: ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri hæv hæd ɪˈnəf əv experts”*”. fɔr mənθs ɔn, wi kən stɑrt tɪ si ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ðə voʊt tɪ liv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən. ðə ˈmɑrkɪts ər ˈvɑlətəl, ðə fˈjuʧər ɪz ənˈsərtən ənd ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs ər lɛft traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt wət həz kɔzd ðə bɪg dɪˈvaɪd ɪn ɑr ˈkəntri. ˌdɪsɪˈluʒənmənt, ˌɔˈstɛrɪti ənd ˌmɪsɪnfərˈmeɪʃən hæv ɔl bɪn bleɪmd fər ðə rɪˈzəlt. soʊ, wət dɪz ðɪs min fər saɪəns? fər ˈsɛnʧəriz, ˈbrɪtən həz bɪn æt ðə ˈfɔrˌfrənt əv saɪəns ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ. saɪəns ɪz nɑt ʤɪst pɑrt əv ɑr ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ, ɪt ɪz pɑrt əv ɑr fˈjuʧər; ðə kəmˈpɛtɪtɪvnɪs ənd ɪˈkɑnəmi dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ɪt. bət wɪn ˈmɪstər goʊv meɪd ðɪs ˈsteɪtmənt, ɪt meɪd mi ˈwəndər ɪf ɑr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈɛkspərts ənd ˈsaɪəntɪsts wɑz ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ. ˈmɪstər ˈkɑmɛnts ər bəˈlivəbəl, sɪns trəst ɪn ˈmɛni ˈsɛktərz həz dɪˈklaɪnd ˈʃɑrpli ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz. ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən skim sɪz ðət trəst ɪn ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsɛktər wɑz ˈʃætərd baɪ ðə ˌriˈsɛʃən. trəst ɪn ˈʧɛrɪtiz həz ˈɔlsoʊ dɪpt frəm ə ˈreɪtɪŋ əv aʊt əv 10 tɪ sɪns 2014 wɪθ ˈpipəl ˈsaɪtɪŋ ˈrizənz səʧ ɛz əˈgrɛsɪv ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ ˈtæktɪks ənd ðə kəˈlæps əv kɪdz ˈkəmpəˌni ɛz ðə kɔz əv ðɪs dɪp. trəst ɪn ˈɔlsoʊ fɛl ˈæftər ðə ɪkˈspɛnsɪz ˈskændəl, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈmɔri. ðiz ɪˈvɛnts hæv ˈʃeɪkən ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn ðə ˈpipəl ənd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz wi kənˈsɪdərd tɪ bi ˈɛkspərts. ər ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈɛkspərts nɛkst tɪ ˌəndərˈgoʊ ə ʃɑrp dɪˈklaɪn ɪn trəst? wət kʊd ðɪs min fər ðə ənd ɑr pleɪs ɪn ðə wərld? æt ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ saɪəns əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, wi ˈmɑnətər ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin saɪəns ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti, ənd ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd. ɔn ðə ˈsərfəs, trəst ɪn ˈsaɪəntɪsts ɪz ˈvɛri haɪ mɔr ˈpipəl trəst ˈsaɪəntɪsts tɪ tɛl ðə truθ 79 ðən ðə pəˈlis 53 ər ðə ˈklərʤi 67 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ vərˈæsɪti ˈɪndɛks. ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ðət moʊst əv ˈjuˈɛs wɔnt ˈɛkspərts tɪ bi ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈpɑləsi dɪˈsɪʒənz 85 ənd fər ðɛr ˈɛvədəns tɪ bi juzd baɪ ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz 83 dɛlv ə bɪt ˈdipər ənd ju faɪnd ðət ðɪs trəst ɪz lɛs roʊˈbəst ðən ɪt fərst simz. ɑr ˈrisərʧ ʃoʊz ðət ˈoʊnli 12 əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈæktɪvli sik aʊt ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ˈmidiə ˈkɑntɛnt ər ɪˈvɛnts. əraʊnd 52 ər ˈoʊpən tɪ saɪəns bət ˈæktɪvli sik ɪt aʊt, ənd 27 kəmˈplitli əˈvɔɪd ɪt. wɪθ moʊst əv ɑr ˈsɪtɪzənz dɪsɪnˈgeɪʤd frəm saɪəns, ɪz ðɛr trəst ɪn ˈɛkspərts rɪˈzɪljənt? ðɪs loʊ ˈlɛvəl əv ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt səˈʤɛsts ðət ɑr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ saɪəns ənd ˌɛkspərˈtiz ɪz beɪst ˈlɑrʤli ɔn blaɪnd trəst. wi əˈlaʊ ˈsaɪəntɪsts ənd ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz tɪ gɪt ɔn wɪθ ðɛr wərk, ˈɔfən wɪθ ˈpəblɪk ˈfəndɪŋ, wɪˈθaʊt məʧ kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ər ˈskrutəni. wi rɪˈlaɪ ɔn saɪəns tɪ pəˈlis ˌɪtˈsɛlf. bət hu kən bleɪm ˈjuˈɛs wɪn saɪəns ɪz soʊ ˌɪnəkˈsɛsəbəl: ən ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪn ə ˈækˌsɛs ˈʤərnəl kən kɔst mɔr ðən tɪ rɛd; ˈfəndɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒənz ər meɪd bɪˈhaɪnd kloʊzd dɔrz; ənd ˈmɛni ˈsaɪəntɪsts ər nɑt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ər rɪˈwɔrdɪd fər ðɛr ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt wɪθ ˈpipəl ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðɛr prəˈfɛʃən. ðɪs blaɪnd trəst həz bɪn baɪ ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪst ˈænθɔˌni ˈgɪdənz ɛz inattention’*’. ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs hæv noʊ ʧɔɪs bət tɪ trəst ˈɛkspərts bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ˈpipəl hu hæv mɔr ˈspɛʃəlɪst ˈnɑlɪʤ ðən ˈjuˈɛs. ɪˈvɛnts səʧ ɛz ðə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi, fud ˈproʊˌtɛsts, ðə ˈkraɪsəs ənd ðɛn kəm ɛz ə ʃɑk tɪ ðoʊz ɪn ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt hu ər nɑt juzd tɪ biɪŋ ˈʧælənʤd. frəm ðiz ɪgˈzæmpəlz, klɪr ðət ˈpipəl gɪt ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ənd kˈwɛʃən θɪŋz wɪn ðeɪ ˈmætər tɪ ðɛm, ər wɪn ðɛr trəst ɪn ˈəðərz ɪz ɪˈroʊdɪd. ɔn ðə bæk əv ə ˈpəblɪk ˈaʊtˌkraɪ ˈoʊvər mps’*’ ɪkˈspɛnsɪz, ˈʧɛrɪti ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ ənd ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsɛktər, nu ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz hæv bɪn ɪˈstæblɪʃt tɪ pʊʃ fər riˈspɑnsəbəl ˈkɑndəkt bət nɑt jɛt klɪr ˈwɛðər ðə ˈrisənt drɔp ɪn trəst fər ðiz grups wɪl fɔrs ðɛm tɪ ðə weɪ ðeɪ ˈfəŋkʃən. ɪt həz ˈteɪkən ə ˈkraɪsəs ɪn ðiz ˈɛriəz tɪ fɔrs gʊd ˈpræktɪs. bæk ɪn ðə wərld əv saɪəns, ˈmɛni əv ɑr ˈkɑligz ənd ˈpɑrtnərz ər kənˈsərnd ðət ə ˈskændəl wɪl dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə ˈsimɪŋli ˈfræʤəl trəst ˈmɛni hæv fər ˈrisərʧərz ənd ˈɛkspərts. æt ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ saɪəns əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, wi θɪŋk taɪm tɪ gɪt əˈhɛd əv ðə kərv ənd meɪk səm ˈrædɪkəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ˈpipəl tɪ ˈækˌsɛs, kˈwɛʃən ənd ˈrisərʧ. wi θɪŋk ə fæst træk tɪ ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪd ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən, ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd ˈstrɔŋgər ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp. wi wɔnt tɪ si ə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ðət ɪz kin tɪ ˈæktɪvli ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɛz ˈkrɪtɪkəl frɛndz, wɪθ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ðət ər ˈoʊpən tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ənd ˈskrutəni. wi ðə ˈhəksli ˈsəmɪt tɪ brɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp ənd dɪˈsɪʒənˌmeɪkɪŋ ˈstrəkʧərz əv saɪəns. wi hoʊp ðət baɪ ˈbrɪŋɪŋ təˈgɛðər ˈlidərz frəm əˈkrɔs ɑr soʊˈsaɪɪti, wi wɪl blər ðə laɪnz ðət ˈsɛpərˌeɪt saɪəns frəm ˈbɪznɪs, ˈpɑləˌtɪks, ˈmidiə, ənd ðə ɑrts. wɪθ proʊˈvɑkətɪv tɔks frəm ˈspikərz səʧ ɛz rt*. hɑn. ðə lɔrd ˈdeɪvɪd ˈwɪlɪts, ˈfɔrmər saɪəns ˈmɪnɪstər; deɪm ˈsæli ˈdeɪviz, ʧif ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈɔfɪsər; ˈkɛrən ˈblækɪt, ʧɛr əv ənd ˈsæʧə romanovitch*, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv grænt ˈθɔrntən, wi hoʊp ðə ˈsəmɪt wɪl spɑrk ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz aɪ bɪˈliv ər ˈnidɪd tɪ muv ɑr ˈkəntri ˈfɔrwərd ɪn ðiz ənˈsərtən taɪmz. ɔl əv ðə ˈsəmɪt ˈspiʧɪz wɪl bi meɪd əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn soʊ ðət ðiz ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz kən kənˈtɪnju. wi neɪmd ðə ˈsəmɪt ˈæftər ˈtɑməs ˈhɛnri ˈhəksli, ə baɪˈɑləʤɪst hu ɪn 1860 geɪv hɪz fərˈoʊʃəs səˈpɔrt tɪ ˈθɪri əv ˌɛvəˈluʃən æt ðə ˈænjuəl ˈmitɪŋ. ˈkruʃəli, ðə dəˈbeɪt ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈvɔɪsɪz frəm saɪəns əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ðoʊz frəm rɪˈlɪʤən ənd ˈəðər ˈɛriəz. ˈhəksli fɔt fər ə ˈrædɪkəl nu aɪˈdiə əˈgɛnst ə ˈpaʊərfəl ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt, bɪlt ə ˈnɛtˌwərk əv səˈpɔrtərz ənd pʊʃt fər wət hi bɪˈlivd ɪn. wi hoʊp ðə ˈsəmɪt wɪl prəˈvaɪd ə ˈplætˌfɔrm fər ˈlidərz əv ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən tɪ spɑrk dəˈbeɪt ənd bɪld trəst ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri. wi æt ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ saɪəns əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ɛnˈvɪʒən ə wərld wɛr ˈɛvriˌwən kən lərn, juz ənd kˈwɛʃən ðə ˈnɑlɪʤ kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ɑr ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ənd kənˈtrɪbjut ðɛr aɪˈdiəz ənd ˈfaɪndɪŋz. wi wɔnt ˈɛvriˌwən tɪ fil juˈnaɪtɪd ɪn ðə eɪm əv ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ənd səˈsaɪɪtəl ˈprɑˌgrɛs. tɪ du ðɪs, wi nid səˈpɔrt frəm ɔl taɪps əv ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz ənd ˈpipəl. wi wɔnt tɪ si ən ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp əv wət ˈhæpənz ˌɪnˈsaɪd saɪəns. mɔr ækˈsɛsəbəl kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ɪz ə fərst stɛp təˈwɔrdz biɪŋ ˈfʊli ˈoʊpən ənd trænˈspɛrənt. ðɪs minz mɔr ˈdaɪəˌlɔg bɪtˈwin ˈsɪtɪzənz ənd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz, ənd ˈkruʃəli ˌbiˈfɔr ðə bɪg dɪˈsɪʒənz ər meɪd. əˈnəðər stɛp ɪz ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈrisərʧ. ˈæftər ðət, kʊd wi si nu ənd dɪsˈrəptɪv weɪz tɪ ˈækˌsɛs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz ðət teɪk ˈjuˈɛs əˈweɪ frəm trəst ənd təˈwɔrd ə sɛns əv ʃɛrd ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ənd əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti? wi wɔnt tɪ si ə ˌproʊˈæktɪv əˈproʊʧ tɪ ˈoʊpənəs, tɪ hɛlp riˈbɪld ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈpipəl, ˈɛkspərts ənd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz. wi hoʊp ðət ðɪs wɪl hɛlp tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈskændəlz ɪn saɪəns ənd ˈəðər ˈsɛktərz. ðiz aɪˈdiəz ər ˌjunəˈvərsəli ˈæpləkəbəl əˈkrɔs ˈbɪznɪs, ˈʧɛrɪti ənd ˈgəvərnmənt, ənd wi hoʊp tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə ˈplætˌfɔrm tɪ dɪˈskəs ðɛm təˈdeɪ.
|
new legislation protects sports medicine doctors // study: try compression device instead of blood
elizabeth hofheinz, m.p.h., m.ed. sat, may 10th, 2014
advertisement
frederick m. azar, m.d. discusses bill to protect sports medicine specialists
a team doctor accompanies athletes across state lines to cover a game. when the excitement of the game passes, however, he or she learns that they are at risk for a lawsuit. but things are changing with the introduction of a new bill in congress that would provide licensure clarity for sports medicine professionals. dr. frederick azar, m.d., president of the american association of surgeons (aaos), tells otw, “sports medicine doctors often travel across state lines with their teams, and there are a lot of injuries during the game that require rapid evaluation. the team doctor is then faced with an unenviable dilemma: either deny their patient continuity of care from their own doctor who knows the athlete and his or her medical history, or treat their patient at significant professional and legal risk.”
“in the absence of licensure clarity, team doctors risk civil and criminal liability when they treat athletes and staff at away games, and their malpractice carriers would likely not cover the civil portion if there was an issue in a different state. moreover, things have been rather ambiguous because of the differences in state laws. thanks to this bill, doctors will not have to choose between their care and their ability to effectively practice medicine.”
eureka! decrease risk without blood
a multicenter study has found that a new compression device is just as effective at reducing the risk of thrombosis in hip and knee as any of the available drug protocols. clifford colwell, m.d. is an orthopedic surgeon with the scripps clinic in la jolla, california. he tells otw, “hospitals have used compression devices for many years, but the motors were cumbersome and patients could not take them home. therefore, physicians have relied on drug therapy; but drugs are met with bleeding issues.”
“the activecare+s.f.t., which coordinates with a respiration phase, ensures the best blood flow to the right heart, also takes into consideration the compliance issue: the manufacturer put a on front of the device to record hours of use. we enrolled over 3, 000 patients and found that the (deep vein thrombosis) rates based on clinical outcomes were the same as those of those patients who took blood—under there was no bleeding.”
“once you get the risk down to that degree, your chances of changing those numbers for the better are low. the next target is to get companies to compete in order to drive down costs. about three companies are trying to put out a portable device, so that will happen. this device costs about $200-$300 for the home use component if the insurance company does not pay. medicare will not pay for, but this device could be considered more than because treating an impending clot. it would be difficult to improve on the incidence of clots below the 1% level, but it could be done less expensively.”
note: dr. colwell indicates that he was compensated to organize the trial, but that he has no financial interest in the product.
james jagger, m.d. wins sec team physician of the year
team doctors are on a roll in kentucky. dr. james jagger, an assistant professor in the university of kentucky (uk) department of surgery and sports medicine of the, has been named southeastern conference team physician of the year. in 2013, it was darren johnson, m.d. who earned the prestigious honor.
dr. jagger also serves as the chief of athletic medicine and head team physician for all sports. a graduate of the university of cincinnati, dr. jagger is in his year at kentucky and has been a vital asset to the sports teams.
the team physician of the year award is chosen by the athletic training staffs at southeastern conference (sec) member institutions and is given annually to recognize a team physician who has contributed greatly to both his or her teams and to the sec sports community.
|
nu ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən prəˈtɛkts spɔrts ˈmɛdəsən ˈdɑktərz ˈstədi: traɪ kəmˈprɛʃən dɪˈvaɪs ˌɪnˈstɛd əv bləd ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ hofheinz*, m.p.h*., m.ed*. sæt, meɪ 10th*, 2014 ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈfrɛdərɪk ɛm. ɑˈzɑr, m.d*. dɪˈskəsɪz bɪl tɪ prəˈtɛkt spɔrts ˈmɛdəsən ˈspɛʃəlɪsts ə tim ˈdɔktər əˈkəmpəniz ˈæθˌlits əˈkrɔs steɪt laɪnz tɪ ˈkəvər ə geɪm. wɪn ðə ɪkˈsaɪtmənt əv ðə geɪm ˈpæsɪz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hi ər ʃi lərnz ðət ðeɪ ər æt rɪsk fər ə ˈlɔˌsut. bət θɪŋz ər ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv ə nu bɪl ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs ðət wʊd prəˈvaɪd ˈlaɪsənʧər ˈklɛrɪti fər spɔrts ˈmɛdəsən prəˈfɛʃənəlz. ˈdɑktər. ˈfrɛdərɪk ɑˈzɑr, m.d*., ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv ˈsərʤənz (aaos*), tɛlz otw*, ˈmɛdəsən ˈdɑktərz ˈɔfən ˈtrævəl əˈkrɔs steɪt laɪnz wɪθ ðɛr timz, ənd ðɛr ər ə lɔt əv ˈɪnʤəriz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə geɪm ðət ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈræpɪd ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən. ðə tim ˈdɔktər ɪz ðɛn feɪst wɪθ ən əˈnɛnˌviəbəl dɪˈlɛmə: ˈiðər dɪˈnaɪ ðɛr ˈpeɪʃənt ˌkɑntəˈnuəti əv kɛr frəm ðɛr oʊn ˈdɔktər hu noʊz ðə ˈæθˌlit ənd hɪz ər hər ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈhɪstəri, ər trit ðɛr ˈpeɪʃənt æt sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt prəˈfɛʃənəl ənd ˈligəl risk.”*.” ðə ˈæbsəns əv ˈlaɪsənʧər ˈklɛrɪti, tim ˈdɑktərz rɪsk ˈsɪvəl ənd ˈkrɪmənəl ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti wɪn ðeɪ trit ˈæθˌlits ənd stæf æt əˈweɪ geɪmz, ənd ðɛr mælˈpræktɪs ˈkɛriərz wʊd ˈlaɪkli nɑt ˈkəvər ðə ˈsɪvəl ˈpɔrʃən ɪf ðɛr wɑz ən ˈɪʃu ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt steɪt. mɔˈroʊvər, θɪŋz hæv bɪn ˈrəðər æmˈbɪgjuəs bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn steɪt lɔz. θæŋks tɪ ðɪs bɪl, ˈdɑktərz wɪl nɑt hæv tɪ ʧuz bɪtˈwin ðɛr kɛr ənd ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈifɛktɪvli ˈpræktɪs medicine.”*.” jʊˈrikə! ˈdiˌkris rɪsk wɪˈθaʊt bləd ə ˈməltiˌsɛntər ˈstədi həz faʊnd ðət ə nu kəmˈprɛʃən dɪˈvaɪs ɪz ʤɪst ɛz ˈifɛktɪv æt rɪˈdusɪŋ ðə rɪsk əv θrɑmˈboʊsəs ɪn hɪp ənd ni ɛz ˈɛni əv ðə əˈveɪləbəl drəg ˈproʊtəˌkɔlz. ˈklɪfərd ˈkoʊlˌwɛl, m.d*. ɪz ən ˌɔrθəˈpidɪk ˈsərʤɪn wɪθ ðə skrɪps ˈklɪnɪk ɪn lɑ ˈʤoʊlə, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. hi tɛlz otw*, hæv juzd kəmˈprɛʃən dɪˈvaɪsɪz fər ˈmɛni jɪrz, bət ðə ˈmoʊtərz wər ˈkəmbərsəm ənd ˈpeɪʃənz kʊd nɑt teɪk ðɛm hoʊm. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, fɪˈzɪʃənz hæv rɪˈlaɪd ɔn drəg ˈθɛrəpi; bət drəgz ər mɛt wɪθ ˈblidɪŋ issues.”*.” activecare+s.f.t*., wɪʧ koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪts wɪθ ə ˌrɛspərˈeɪʃən feɪz, ɪnˈʃʊrz ðə bɛst bləd floʊ tɪ ðə raɪt hɑrt, ˈɔlsoʊ teɪks ˈɪntu kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ðə kəmˈplaɪəns ˈɪʃu: ðə ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər pʊt ə ɔn frənt əv ðə dɪˈvaɪs tɪ ˈrɛkərd aʊərz əv juz. wi ɛnˈroʊld ˈoʊvər 3 000 ˈpeɪʃənz ənd faʊnd ðət ðə (dip veɪn θrɑmˈboʊsəs) reɪts beɪst ɔn ˈklɪnɪkəl ˈaʊtˌkəmz wər ðə seɪm ɛz ðoʊz əv ðoʊz ˈpeɪʃənz hu tʊk bləd ðɛr wɑz noʊ bleeding.”*.” ju gɪt ðə rɪsk daʊn tɪ ðət dɪˈgri, jʊr ˈʧænsɪz əv ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðoʊz ˈnəmbərz fər ðə ˈbɛtər ər loʊ. ðə nɛkst ˈtərgət ɪz tɪ gɪt ˈkəmpəˌniz tɪ kəmˈpit ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ draɪv daʊn kɔsts. əˈbaʊt θri ˈkəmpəˌniz ər traɪɪŋ tɪ pʊt aʊt ə ˈpɔrtəbəl dɪˈvaɪs, soʊ ðət wɪl ˈhæpən. ðɪs dɪˈvaɪs kɔsts əˈbaʊt fər ðə hoʊm juz kəmˈpoʊnənt ɪf ðə ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈkəmpəˌni dɪz nɑt peɪ. ˈmɛdəˌkɛr wɪl nɑt peɪ fər, bət ðɪs dɪˈvaɪs kʊd bi kənˈsɪdərd mɔr ðən bɪˈkəz ˈtritɪŋ ən ˌɪmˈpɛndɪŋ klɑt. ɪt wʊd bi ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ɔn ðə ˈɪnsɪdəns əv klɑts bɪˈloʊ ðə 1 ˈlɛvəl, bət ɪt kʊd bi dən lɛs expensively.”*.” noʊt: ˈdɑktər. ˈkoʊlˌwɛl ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət hi wɑz ˈkɑmpənˌseɪtəd tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ðə traɪəl, bət ðət hi həz noʊ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðə ˈprɑdəkt. ʤeɪmz ˈʤægər, m.d*. wɪnz sɛk tim fəˈzɪʃən əv ðə jɪr tim ˈdɑktərz ər ɔn ə roʊl ɪn kənˈtəki. ˈdɑktər. ʤeɪmz ˈʤægər, ən əˈsɪstənt prəˈfɛsər ɪn ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv kənˈtəki (uk*) dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈsərʤəri ənd spɔrts ˈmɛdəsən əv ðə, həz bɪn neɪmd ˌsaʊˈθistərn ˈkɑnfərəns tim fəˈzɪʃən əv ðə jɪr. ɪn 2013 ɪt wɑz ˈdɑrən ˈʤɑnsən, m.d*. hu ərnd ðə pərˈstiʤəs ˈɑnər. ˈdɑktər. ˈʤægər ˈɔlsoʊ sərvz ɛz ðə ʧif əv æθˈlɛtɪk ˈmɛdəsən ənd hɛd tim fəˈzɪʃən fər ɔl spɔrts. ə ˈgræʤəˌweɪt əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌsɪnsəˈnæti, ˈdɑktər. ˈʤægər ɪz ɪn hɪz jɪr æt kənˈtəki ənd həz bɪn ə ˈvaɪtəl ˈæˌsɛt tɪ ðə spɔrts timz. ðə tim fəˈzɪʃən əv ðə jɪr əˈwɔrd ɪz ˈʧoʊzən baɪ ðə æθˈlɛtɪk ˈtreɪnɪŋ stæfs æt ˌsaʊˈθistərn ˈkɑnfərəns (sɛk) ˈmɛmbər ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ənd ɪz ˈgɪvɪn ˈænjuəli tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ə tim fəˈzɪʃən hu həz kənˈtrɪbjutɪd ˈgreɪtli tɪ boʊθ hɪz ər hər timz ənd tɪ ðə sɛk spɔrts kəmˈjunɪti.
|
what if this tech boom is, gulp, not a bubble after all, but a major, sustained period of growth?
what if rather than tech corridors popping up all over the country, the need for a company to be here, of all places, only intensifies?
where are the extra people going to live? where are those 2 million additional people expected to flood the region over the next generation going to sleep?
these are some of the questions pondered as apple gobbles up land in north san jose, and google tussle over of real estate in mountain view, workforce of is predicted to grow as much as 20 percent annually and toyota announced it is opening a $1 billion new innovation hub.
global demand for tech products and services means a prosperity bomb is going off in the bay area that will reshape the region for decades to come.
in many ways, the impact is already being felt. regional planners, in 2010, did their best, but they underestimated the five-year employment growth here by a whopping jobs.
people grouse about the highway traffic, the crowded roads and inadequate public transportation. but just a symptom of our current situation with jobs in one place and housing in another, says steve heminger, executive director of the metropolitan transportation commission.
“transportation is a servant, not the master,” he said. “there’s a massive imbalance; the transportation has to work that much harder to serve the pattern built.”
feeling crowded now? expect to feel more so. looking ahead, one projection is that by 2040, jobs will grow 32 percent an extra million jobs on top of the million already here in the bay area, according to a new report out by the bay area council economic institute.
the bay area population is projected to rise 30 percent to million by 2040, up from million in 2010, according to updated projections from the association of bay area governments. this is a tsunami of people that the region, with its geographic constraints, will somehow have to absorb. try more housing units.
of course, we need a strong regional response, as uncomfortable as that may be for those who eschew change. cities that enjoy their roles as bay area job centers need to step up and allow housing projects. residents in those cities need to vote in officials who support growth. companies need to invest in offices that put jobs closer to where people live or near public transit. and homeowners like me who bought a while ago need to accept that things have changed and be open to accepting more neighbors and using public transportation to get around. driving over the bay bridge in 20 minutes is not a birthright.
in the meantime, sort of a self-help movement percolating among companies.
later this month, box, the enterprise content management and collaboration firm, is moving about employees from los altos to its new headquarters 13 miles north in redwood city in part to be closer to transit and where workers live. it will move into two buildings one four stories and the other seven stories giving the firm more room to expand.
jiff, a health benefits software firm, recently left its palo alto headquarters to set up two main offices in other bay area locations in order to offer its 115 employees more flexibility. its mountain view office is where most of its engineers come to work. its oakland office where some employees commute from san francisco tends to be for its sales and marketing staff.
the oakland location gives employees more options for housing, said john kemmerer, vice president of finance. “we are in a better position to grow,” he said.
not only is there pressure to build, but also to tap the unused capacity of existing residential structures. residents should be encouraged to rent out rooms, and cities should make it easier to get permits for in-law units.
this is the new gold rush after all, but at some point the unmet demand for housing at various price points will squelch this growth.
“how much housing we build will influence the jobs that are created here,” said cynthia kroll, chief economist at the association of bay area governments.
young workers without families can continue to cram into apartments and homes in and around san francisco, and the thriving businesses that hire them will keep creating new jobs. but that formula changes as maturing firms come to depend on more experienced middle wage workers and people with families. as the housing noose tightens on the region, they will find it hard to expand here. they will relocate, taking their middle class jobs with them.
this is a critical moment in bay area history.
i hope we seize the moment and build. if we don’t, we can look forward to about who is to blame for the stalemate in urban planning as well as the gridlock in traffic.
contact michelle quinn at and mquinn@mercurynews.com. follow her at twitter.com/michellequinn.
|
wət ɪf ðɪs tɛk bum ɪz, gəlp, nɑt ə ˈbəbəl ˈæftər ɔl, bət ə ˈmeɪʤər, səˈsteɪnd ˈpɪriəd əv groʊθ? wət ɪf ˈrəðər ðən tɛk ˈkɔrɪdərz ˈpɑpɪŋ əp ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkəntri, ðə nid fər ə ˈkəmpəˌni tɪ bi hir, əv ɔl ˈpleɪsɪz, ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪz? wɛr ər ðə ˈɛkstrə ˈpipəl goʊɪŋ tɪ lɪv? wɛr ər ðoʊz 2 ˈmɪljən əˈdɪʃənəl ˈpipəl ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ fləd ðə ˈriʤən ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən goʊɪŋ tɪ slip? ðiz ər səm əv ðə kˈwɛsʧənz ˈpɑndərd ɛz ˈæpəl ˈgɑbəlz əp lænd ɪn nɔrθ sæn ˌhoʊˈzeɪ, ənd ˈgugəl ˈtəsəl ˈoʊvər əv ril ɛˈsteɪt ɪn ˈmaʊntən vju, ˈwərkˌfɔrs əv ɪz prɪˈdɪktɪd tɪ groʊ ɛz məʧ ɛz 20 pərˈsɛnt ˈænjuəli ənd toʊˈjoʊtə əˈnaʊnst ɪt ɪz ˈoʊpənɪŋ ə 1 ˈbɪljən nu ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən həb. ˈgloʊbəl dɪˈmænd fər tɛk ˈprɑdəkts ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz minz ə prɑˈspɛrəti bɔm ɪz goʊɪŋ ɔf ɪn ðə beɪ ˈɛriə ðət wɪl riˈʃeɪp ðə ˈriʤən fər ˈdɛkeɪdz tɪ kəm. ɪn ˈmɛni weɪz, ðə ˌɪmˈpækt ɪz ɔˈrɛdi biɪŋ fɛlt. ˈriʤənəl ˈplænərz, ɪn 2010 dɪd ðɛr bɛst, bət ðeɪ ˈəndərˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðə ˈfaɪvˌjɪr ɪmˈplɔɪmənt groʊθ hir baɪ ə ˈwɑpɪŋ ʤɑbz. ˈpipəl graʊs əˈbaʊt ðə ˈhaɪˌweɪ ˈtræfɪk, ðə ˈkraʊdɪd roʊdz ənd ˌɪˈnædəkˌweɪt ˈpəblɪk ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən. bət ʤɪst ə ˈsɪmptəm əv ɑr ˈkɑrənt ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɪθ ʤɑbz ɪn wən pleɪs ənd ˈhaʊzɪŋ ɪn əˈnəðər, sɪz stiv ˈhɛmɪŋər, ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˌmɛtrəˈpɑlətən ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən kəˈmɪʃən. ɪz ə ˈsərvənt, nɑt ðə master,”*,” hi sɛd. ə ˈmæsɪv ɪmˈbæləns; ðə ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən həz tɪ wərk ðət məʧ ˈhɑrdər tɪ sərv ðə ˈpætərn built.”*.” ˈfilɪŋ ˈkraʊdɪd naʊ? ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ fil mɔr soʊ. ˈlʊkɪŋ əˈhɛd, wən prɑˈʤɛkʃən ɪz ðət baɪ 2040 ʤɑbz wɪl groʊ 32 pərˈsɛnt ən ˈɛkstrə ˈmɪljən ʤɑbz ɔn tɔp əv ðə ˈmɪljən ɔˈrɛdi hir ɪn ðə beɪ ˈɛriə, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə nu rɪˈpɔrt aʊt baɪ ðə beɪ ˈɛriə ˈkaʊnsəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪnstɪˌtut. ðə beɪ ˈɛriə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪz prɑˈʤɛktəd tɪ raɪz 30 pərˈsɛnt tɪ ˈmɪljən baɪ 2040 əp frəm ˈmɪljən ɪn 2010 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd prɑˈʤɛkʃənz frəm ðə əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv beɪ ˈɛriə ˈgəvərnmənts. ðɪs ɪz ə tsuˈnɑmi əv ˈpipəl ðət ðə ˈriʤən, wɪθ ɪts ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk kənˈstreɪnts, wɪl ˈsəmˌhaʊ hæv tɪ əbˈzɔrb. traɪ mɔr ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈjunɪts. əv kɔrs, wi nid ə strɔŋ ˈriʤənəl rɪˈspɑns, ɛz ənˈkəmfərtəbəl ɛz ðət meɪ bi fər ðoʊz hu ɛsˈʧu ʧeɪnʤ. ˈsɪtiz ðət ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðɛr roʊlz ɛz beɪ ˈɛriə ʤɑb ˈsɛnərz nid tɪ stɛp əp ənd əˈlaʊ ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkts. ˈrɛzɪdənts ɪn ðoʊz ˈsɪtiz nid tɪ voʊt ɪn əˈfɪʃəlz hu səˈpɔrt groʊθ. ˈkəmpəˌniz nid tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn ˈɔfəsɪz ðət pʊt ʤɑbz ˈkloʊzər tɪ wɛr ˈpipəl lɪv ər nɪr ˈpəblɪk ˈtrænzɪt. ənd ˈhoʊˌmoʊnərz laɪk mi hu bɔt ə waɪl əˈgoʊ nid tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðət θɪŋz hæv ʧeɪnʤd ənd bi ˈoʊpən tɪ əkˈsɛptɪŋ mɔr ˈneɪbərz ənd ˈjuzɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən tɪ gɪt əraʊnd. ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə beɪ brɪʤ ɪn 20 ˈmɪnəts ɪz nɑt ə ˈbərθˌraɪt. ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, sɔrt əv ə ˈsɛlfˈhɛlp ˈmuvmənt ˈpərkəˌleɪtɪŋ əˈməŋ ˈkəmpəˌniz. ˈleɪtər ðɪs mənθ, bɑks, ðə ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ˈkɑntɛnt ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən fərm, ɪz ˈmuvɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪmˈplɔɪiz frəm lɔs ˈɔlˌtoʊs tɪ ɪts nu ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz 13 maɪəlz nɔrθ ɪn ˈrɛdˌwʊd ˈsɪti ɪn pɑrt tɪ bi ˈkloʊzər tɪ ˈtrænzɪt ənd wɛr ˈwərkərz lɪv. ɪt wɪl muv ˈɪntu tu ˈbɪldɪŋz wən fɔr ˈstɔriz ənd ðə ˈəðər ˈsɛvən ˈstɔriz ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə fərm mɔr rum tɪ ɪkˈspænd. jiff*, ə hɛlθ ˈbɛnəfɪts ˈsɔfˌwɛr fərm, ˈrisəntli lɛft ɪts ˈpæloʊ ˈæltoʊ ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz tɪ sɛt əp tu meɪn ˈɔfəsɪz ɪn ˈəðər beɪ ˈɛriə loʊˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈɔfər ɪts 115 ɪmˈplɔɪiz mɔr ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti. ɪts ˈmaʊntən vju ˈɔfəs ɪz wɛr moʊst əv ɪts ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz kəm tɪ wərk. ɪts ˈoʊklənd ˈɔfəs wɛr səm ɪmˈplɔɪiz kəmˈjut frəm sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ tɛndz tɪ bi fər ɪts seɪlz ənd ˈmɑrkətɪŋ stæf. ðə ˈoʊklənd loʊˈkeɪʃən gɪvz ɪmˈplɔɪiz mɔr ˈɔpʃənz fər ˈhaʊzɪŋ, sɛd ʤɑn ˈkɛmərər, vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈfaɪˌnæns. ər ɪn ə ˈbɛtər pəˈzɪʃən tɪ grow,”*,” hi sɛd. nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪz ðɛr ˈprɛʃər tɪ bɪld, bət ˈɔlsoʊ tɪ tæp ðə ənˈjuzd kəˈpæsɪti əv ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈstrəkʧərz. ˈrɛzɪdənts ʃʊd bi ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ rɛnt aʊt rumz, ənd ˈsɪtiz ʃʊd meɪk ɪt ˈiziər tɪ gɪt ˈpərˌmɪts fər ˌɪnˈlɔ ˈjunɪts. ðɪs ɪz ðə nu goʊld rəʃ ˈæftər ɔl, bət æt səm pɔɪnt ðə ənˈmɛt dɪˈmænd fər ˈhaʊzɪŋ æt ˈvɛriəs praɪs pɔɪnts wɪl skwɛlʧ ðɪs groʊθ. məʧ ˈhaʊzɪŋ wi bɪld wɪl ˈɪnfluəns ðə ʤɑbz ðət ər kriˈeɪtɪd here,”*,” sɛd ˈsɪnθiə krɔl, ʧif ɪˈkɑnəmɪst æt ðə əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv beɪ ˈɛriə ˈgəvərnmənts. jəŋ ˈwərkərz wɪˈθaʊt ˈfæməliz kən kənˈtɪnju tɪ kræm ˈɪntu əˈpɑrtmənts ənd hoʊmz ɪn ənd əraʊnd sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, ənd ðə θˈraɪvɪŋ ˈbɪznɪsɪz ðət haɪər ðɛm wɪl kip kriˈeɪtɪŋ nu ʤɑbz. bət ðət ˈfɔrmjələ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɛz məˈʧʊrɪŋ fərmz kəm tɪ dɪˈpɛnd ɔn mɔr ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈmɪdəl weɪʤ ˈwərkərz ənd ˈpipəl wɪθ ˈfæməliz. ɛz ðə ˈhaʊzɪŋ nus ˈtaɪtənz ɔn ðə ˈriʤən, ðeɪ wɪl faɪnd ɪt hɑrd tɪ ɪkˈspænd hir. ðeɪ wɪl ˌriˈloʊkeɪt, ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛr ˈmɪdəl klæs ʤɑbz wɪθ ðɛm. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈmoʊmənt ɪn beɪ ˈɛriə ˈhɪstəri. aɪ hoʊp wi siz ðə ˈmoʊmənt ənd bɪld. ɪf wi don’t*, wi kən lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ əˈbaʊt hu ɪz tɪ bleɪm fər ðə ˈsteɪlˌmeɪt ɪn ˈərbən ˈplænɪŋ ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈgrɪˌdlɑk ɪn ˈtræfɪk. ˈkɑnˌtækt mɪˈʃɛl kwɪn æt ənd mquinn@mercurynews.com*. ˈfɑloʊ hər æt twitter.com/michellequinn*.
|
best value law schools to consider pm et tue, 24 jan 2017 |
the average law school graduate has more than $140,000 in student loan debt by the time they earn their degree. so picking a program that offers a high salary and a good return on investment is critical.
online lender sofi, a disruptor, rated law schools based on verified salary and debt from more than people who applied to refinance their student loans with the company from 2014 to 2016.
while elite schools still dominate rankings with high average salaries, programs, such as brigham young university, offered graduates a better value when you consider ratios.
graduates of the top three law schools on highest salary list columbia university, cornell university and new york university all earn starting salaries above $175,000. the median annual wage for lawyers was $115,820, according to the bureau of labor statistics. (see the list below.)
|
bɛst ˈvælju lɔ skulz tɪ kənˈsɪdər piɛm ɛt tu, 24 ʤæn 2017 ðə ˈævərɪʤ lɔ skul ˈgræʤəˌweɪt həz mɔr ðən ɪn ˈstudənt loʊn dɛt baɪ ðə taɪm ðeɪ ərn ðɛr dɪˈgri. soʊ ˈpɪkɪŋ ə ˈproʊˌgræm ðət ˈɔfərz ə haɪ ˈsæləri ənd ə gʊd rɪˈtərn ɔn ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪz ˈkrɪtɪkəl. ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈlɛndər sofi*, ə disruptor*, ˈreɪtɪd lɔ skulz beɪst ɔn ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ˈsæləri ənd dɛt frəm mɔr ðən ˈpipəl hu əˈplaɪd tɪ ˌrifəˈnæns ðɛr ˈstudənt loʊnz wɪθ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni frəm 2014 tɪ 2016 waɪl ɪˈlit skulz stɪl ˈdɑməˌneɪt ˈræŋkɪŋz wɪθ haɪ ˈævərɪʤ ˈsæləriz, ˈproʊˌgræmz, səʧ ɛz ˈbrɪgəm jəŋ ˌjunəˈvərsəti, ˈɔfərd ˈgræʤəˌweɪts ə ˈbɛtər ˈvælju wɪn ju kənˈsɪdər ˈreɪʃiˌoʊz. ˈgræʤəˌweɪts əv ðə tɔp θri lɔ skulz ɔn haɪəst ˈsæləri lɪst kəˈləmbiə ˌjunəˈvərsəti, kɔrˈnɛl ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd nu jɔrk ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɔl ərn ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈsæləriz əˈbəv ðə ˈmidiən ˈænjuəl weɪʤ fər ˈlɔjərz wɑz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˈleɪbər stəˈtɪstɪks. (si ðə lɪst bɪˈloʊ.)
|
rogersville investigators were trying to determine what caused nine employees at a health clinic to suffer a sudden illness wednesday afternoon after being exposed to a patient emanating a chemical odor.
shortly before p.m., staff at the hawkins county rural health consortium on route 66 reported a mass illness.
hawkins county ema director gary murrell said a male came in for a regularly scheduled appointment when all of a sudden multiple staff members fell unconscious.
by the time police, fire and personnel arrived, three employees had to be taken by ambulance to hawkins county memorial hospital, and another six reportedly transported themselves to the emergency room.
“we have a clue what dealing with,” murrell told the. “the symptoms are nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lightheadedness, and one went into a seizure. a bunch of different issues are going on with these patients, and nothing is adding up to what we thought it might have been.”
rogersville police department assistant chief travis fields said the patient indicated he had been stripping the floors at his house using bleach and a cleaner prior to coming to the clinic. it was a regular scheduled appointment and not an urgent care situation, fields noted.
“a physicians assistant was seeing a patient who had a strong odor of something coming from him,” fields said. “of the three people transported to the hospital, two of them were doing ok, and one of them was still having seizures and having some medical issues. at this time, we still know the cause.”
hcmh president rebecca beck told the that as of shortly before 8 p.m., all nine patients had been treated and released. contrary to early reports, the hospital closed after the nine patients arrived, although they were segregated from others in the facility until they were decontaminated.
making the mystery even more puzzling is the fact that the male patient experiencing those same symptoms. murrell said the patient had not been affected the way consortium staff were, nor was his mother, with whom he resides in.
fields added, “we’ve searched his residence, and not found anything chemical that would cause something like this to happen. is checking the building and places where he was at to see if they can figure out what happened. he is at the police department voluntarily, and he is cooperating with us, and he will be submitting to some swabs as part of our investigation.”
police also searched his house and found nothing suspicious. fields said the male patient suspected of any wrongdoing at this time.
murrell said kingsport firefighters arrived at the around p.m. wednesday to conduct testing there to see if a cause of the illness could be detected.
beck told the not aware of the ever receiving as many as nine patients at one time from a single emergency event. but she said training paid off, and the facility was able to treat all nine patients without going on diversion.
“we were still accepting patients,” beck said. “we were able to utilize staff from other parts of the facility to take care of patients that were in the ed and any others that came in from the decontamination event. we received nine patients. those nine patients were taken through the appropriate decontamination process, and those patients have since been discharged from the hospital.”
beck added, “our staff mobilized very quickly. we had our instant command center up and running, and we followed all of our processes just as we had prepared for in the disaster drills that we do periodically for situations such as this.”
|
rogersville* ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz wər traɪɪŋ tɪ dɪˈtərmən wət kɔzd naɪn ɪmˈplɔɪiz æt ə hɛlθ ˈklɪnɪk tɪ ˈsəfər ə ˈsədən ˈɪlnəs ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun ˈæftər biɪŋ ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ ə ˈpeɪʃənt ˈɛməˌneɪtɪŋ ə ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈoʊdər. ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr p.m*., stæf æt ðə ˈhɔkɪnz ˈkaʊnti ˈrʊrəl hɛlθ kənˈsɔrʃjəm ɔn rut 66 ˌriˈpɔrtəd ə mæs ˈɪlnəs. ˈhɔkɪnz ˈkaʊnti ˈimə dɪˈrɛktər ˈgɛri ˈmɔrəl sɛd ə meɪl keɪm ɪn fər ə ˈrɛgjələrli ˈskɛʤʊld əˈpɔɪntmənt wɪn ɔl əv ə ˈsədən ˈməltəpəl stæf ˈmɛmbərz fɛl ˌənˈkɑnʃəs. baɪ ðə taɪm pəˈlis, faɪər ənd ˌpərsəˈnɛl əraɪvd, θri ɪmˈplɔɪiz hæd tɪ bi ˈteɪkən baɪ ˈæmbjələns tɪ ˈhɔkɪnz ˈkaʊnti məˈmɔriəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, ənd əˈnəðər sɪks rɪˈpɔrtədli trænˈspɔrtəd ðɛmˈsɛlvz tɪ ðə ˈimərʤənsi rum. hæv ə klu wət ˈdilɪŋ with,”*,” ˈmɔrəl toʊld ðə. ˈsɪmptəmz ər ˈnɔziə, ˈvɑmətɪŋ, ˈdɪzinəs, ˈlaɪˌthɛdədnəs, ənd wən wɛnt ˈɪntu ə ˈsiʒər. ə bənʧ əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈɪʃuz ər goʊɪŋ ɔn wɪθ ðiz ˈpeɪʃənz, ənd ˈnəθɪŋ ɪz ˈædɪŋ əp tɪ wət wi θɔt ɪt maɪt hæv been.”*.” pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt əˈsɪstənt ʧif ˈtrævɪs fildz sɛd ðə ˈpeɪʃənt ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd hi hæd bɪn ˈstrɪpɪŋ ðə flɔrz æt hɪz haʊs ˈjuzɪŋ bliʧ ənd ə ˈklinər praɪər tɪ ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈklɪnɪk. ɪt wɑz ə ˈrɛgjələr ˈskɛʤʊld əˈpɔɪntmənt ənd nɑt ən ˈərʤənt kɛr ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, fildz ˈnoʊtɪd. fɪˈzɪʃənz əˈsɪstənt wɑz siɪŋ ə ˈpeɪʃənt hu hæd ə strɔŋ ˈoʊdər əv ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈkəmɪŋ frəm him,”*,” fildz sɛd. ðə θri ˈpipəl trænˈspɔrtəd tɪ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, tu əv ðɛm wər duɪŋ ˈoʊˈkeɪ, ənd wən əv ðɛm wɑz stɪl ˈhævɪŋ ˈsiʒərz ənd ˈhævɪŋ səm ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈɪʃuz. æt ðɪs taɪm, wi stɪl noʊ ðə cause.”*.” ˈprɛzɪdənt rəˈbɛkə bɛk toʊld ðə ðət ɛz əv ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr 8 p.m*., ɔl naɪn ˈpeɪʃənz hæd bɪn ˈtritɪd ənd riˈlist. ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ ˈərli rɪˈpɔrts, ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl kloʊzd ˈæftər ðə naɪn ˈpeɪʃənz əraɪvd, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðeɪ wər ˈsɛgrəˌgeɪtɪd frəm ˈəðərz ɪn ðə fəˈsɪlɪti ənˈtɪl ðeɪ wər dikənˈtæməˌneɪtɪd. ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈmɪstəri ˈivɪn mɔr ˈpəzəlɪŋ ɪz ðə fækt ðət ðə meɪl ˈpeɪʃənt ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ðoʊz seɪm ˈsɪmptəmz. ˈmɔrəl sɛd ðə ˈpeɪʃənt hæd nɑt bɪn əˈfɛktɪd ðə weɪ kənˈsɔrʃjəm stæf wər, nɔr wɑz hɪz ˈməðər, wɪθ hum hi rɪˈzaɪdz ɪn. fildz ˈædɪd, sərʧt hɪz ˈrɛzɪdəns, ənd nɑt faʊnd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈkɛmɪkəl ðət wʊd kɔz ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðɪs tɪ ˈhæpən. ɪz ˈʧɛkɪŋ ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd ˈpleɪsɪz wɛr hi wɑz æt tɪ si ɪf ðeɪ kən ˈfɪgjər aʊt wət ˈhæpənd. hi ɪz æt ðə pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌvɑlənˈtɛrəli, ənd hi ɪz koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs, ənd hi wɪl bi səbˈmɪtɪŋ tɪ səm swɑbz ɛz pɑrt əv ɑr investigation.”*.” pəˈlis ˈɔlsoʊ sərʧt hɪz haʊs ənd faʊnd ˈnəθɪŋ səˈspɪʃəs. fildz sɛd ðə meɪl ˈpeɪʃənt səˈspɛktɪd əv ˈɛni ˈrɔŋduɪŋ æt ðɪs taɪm. ˈmɔrəl sɛd ˈkɪŋˌspɔrt ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtərz əraɪvd æt ðə əraʊnd p.m*. ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ˈtɛstɪŋ ðɛr tɪ si ɪf ə kɔz əv ðə ˈɪlnəs kʊd bi dɪˈtɛktɪd. bɛk toʊld ðə nɑt əˈwɛr əv ðə ˈɛvər rɪˈsivɪŋ ɛz ˈmɛni ɛz naɪn ˈpeɪʃənz æt wən taɪm frəm ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈimərʤənsi ɪˈvɛnt. bət ʃi sɛd ˈtreɪnɪŋ peɪd ɔf, ənd ðə fəˈsɪlɪti wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ trit ɔl naɪn ˈpeɪʃənz wɪˈθaʊt goʊɪŋ ɔn dɪˈvərʒən. wər stɪl əkˈsɛptɪŋ patients,”*,” bɛk sɛd. wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈjutəˌlaɪz stæf frəm ˈəðər pɑrts əv ðə fəˈsɪlɪti tɪ teɪk kɛr əv ˈpeɪʃənz ðət wər ɪn ðə ɛd ənd ˈɛni ˈəðərz ðət keɪm ɪn frəm ðə dikənˌtæməˈneɪʃən ɪˈvɛnt. wi rɪˈsivd naɪn ˈpeɪʃənz. ðoʊz naɪn ˈpeɪʃənz wər ˈteɪkən θru ðə əˈproʊpriˌeɪt dikənˌtæməˈneɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs, ənd ðoʊz ˈpeɪʃənz hæv sɪns bɪn ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤd frəm ðə hospital.”*.” bɛk ˈædɪd, stæf ˈmoʊbəˌlaɪzd ˈvɛri kˈwɪkli. wi hæd ɑr ˈɪnstənt kəˈmænd ˈsɛnər əp ənd ˈrənɪŋ, ənd wi ˈfɑloʊd ɔl əv ɑr ˈprɑsɛsəz ʤɪst ɛz wi hæd priˈpɛrd fər ɪn ðə dɪˈzæstər drɪlz ðət wi du ˌpiriˈɑdɪkəli fər ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz səʧ ɛz this.”*.”
|
hermeticism is based on the teachings of a mysterious man named hermes. he is portrayed as a wise teacher, a powerful magician, and a skilled mystic. he has been seen as a teacher of moses, the inventor of alchemy, and the founder of occult schools throughout history.
alexandrian origins
hermes is a composite of several mythological figures. he arose in ptolemaic alexandria, where the mishmash of hellenistic and egyptian culture bred dozens of interesting cults, religions, and deities. early on, the hellenistic deity hermes became associated with the egyptian deity both were inventors of writing and gods of magic. both were also psychopomps, responsible for guiding souls in the afterlife. as a result, over the centuries they became identified with each other and were even worshiped together in certain egyptian temples. in fact, khmun, the egyptian center for the cult of thoth, became known as under the ptolemies.
because of this, hermes, as a legendary teacher of magic and mysticism, was probably a humanized of hermes and thoth. his legacy has been immense.
multiple hermes?
even though hermes was a mythical figure, many ancient writers wrote about him as if he was a real person. this produced disagreements and confusion. at some point, it began to be assumed that there were two hermes. in, hermes talks about his grandfather:
is it not true that my grandfather hermes, after whom i am named, resides in his town whence he aids and cures all those who come to him from every land?
asclepius 372
this passage indicates that the grandfather hermes is in fact identical with the deity hermes, residing at.3 ancient writers invented additional hermes to fill in the gaps. in fact, it could be that the title “trismegistus” refers to many great hermes characters, a line of sages and mystics bringing the teachings to humanity over many
astrologer, magus, alchemist
thea that we read and write about most often are not the only ancient books ascribed to hermes. multiple important early works on astrology were also attributed to the legendary sage. the link between hermes and astrology is also clear in the fragments of stobaeus. the greek magical and texts such as the make it clear that hermes was seen as a master of thaumaturgy, demonology, and other magical arts. finally, hermes is also the legendary source of alchemy, through such works as the emerald tablet and the works of of
many roles for a legend
it is clear that the legendary figure of hermes has served many purposes. perhaps, like other legendary personalities, his real meaning is to be determined by each of us individually. as focuses on the experience of gnosis, it could be that hermes himself is a concept that needs to be personally experienced to be fully understood.
did you like this article? my patrons receive new articles five days early. support my work on patreon!
share this: facebook
twitter
reddit
tumblr
email
like this: like loading...
|
hermeticism* ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə ˈtiʧɪŋz əv ə mɪˈstɪriəs mæn neɪmd ˈhərmiz. hi ɪz pɔrˈtreɪd ɛz ə waɪz ˈtiʧər, ə ˈpaʊərfəl məˈʤɪʃən, ənd ə skɪld ˈmɪstɪk. hi həz bɪn sin ɛz ə ˈtiʧər əv ˈmoʊzɪs, ðə ˌɪnˈvɛntər əv ˈælkəmi, ənd ðə ˈfaʊndər əv əˈkəlt skulz θruaʊt ˈhɪstəri. ˈɔrəʤɪnz ˈhərmiz ɪz ə kəmˈpɑzət əv ˈsɛvərəl ˌmɪθəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈfɪgjərz. hi əroʊz ɪn ˌtɑləˈmeɪɪk ˌæləgˈzændriə, wɛr ðə ˈmɪʃˌmæʃ əv ˌhɛləˈnɪstɪk ənd ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈkəlʧər brɛd ˈdəzənz əv ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ kəlts, riˈlɪʤənz, ənd ˈdiətiz. ˈərli ɔn, ðə ˌhɛləˈnɪstɪk ˈdiəti ˈhərmiz bɪˈkeɪm əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈdiəti boʊθ wər ˌɪnˈvɛntərz əv ˈraɪtɪŋ ənd gɑdz əv ˈmæʤɪk. boʊθ wər ˈɔlsoʊ psychopomps*, riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈgaɪdɪŋ soʊlz ɪn ðə ˈæftərˌlaɪf. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ˈoʊvər ðə ˈsɛnʧəriz ðeɪ bɪˈkeɪm aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər ənd wər ˈivɪn ˈwərʃɪpt təˈgɛðər ɪn ˈsərtən ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈtɛmpəlz. ɪn fækt, khmun*, ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈsɛnər fər ðə kəlt əv thoth*, bɪˈkeɪm noʊn ɛz ˈəndər ðə ptolemies*. bɪˈkəz əv ðɪs, ˈhərmiz, ɛz ə ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˈtiʧər əv ˈmæʤɪk ənd ˈmɪstɪˌsɪzəm, wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli ə ˈhjuməˌnaɪzd əv ˈhərmiz ənd thoth*. hɪz ˈlɛgəsi həz bɪn ˌɪˈmɛns. ˈməltəpəl ˈhərmiz? ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈhərmiz wɑz ə ˈmɪθɪkəl ˈfɪgjər, ˈmɛni ˈeɪnʧənt ˈraɪtərz roʊt əˈbaʊt ɪm ɛz ɪf hi wɑz ə ril ˈpərsən. ðɪs prəˈdust ˌdɪsəˈgrimənts ənd kənfˈjuʒən. æt səm pɔɪnt, ɪt bɪˈgæn tɪ bi əˈsumd ðət ðɛr wər tu ˈhərmiz. ɪn, ˈhərmiz tɔks əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈgrænˌfɑðər: ɪz ɪt nɑt tru ðət maɪ ˈgrænˌfɑðər ˈhərmiz, ˈæftər hum aɪ æm neɪmd, rɪˈzaɪdz ɪn hɪz taʊn wɛns hi eɪdz ənd kjʊrz ɔl ðoʊz hu kəm tɪ ɪm frəm ˈɛvəri lænd? 372 ðɪs ˈpæsɪʤ ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət ðə ˈgrænˌfɑðər ˈhərmiz ɪz ɪn fækt aɪˈdɛntɪkəl wɪθ ðə ˈdiəti ˈhərmiz, rɪˈzaɪdɪŋ æt ˈeɪnʧənt ˈraɪtərz ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd əˈdɪʃənəl ˈhərmiz tɪ fɪl ɪn ðə gæps. ɪn fækt, ɪt kʊd bi ðət ðə ˈtaɪtəl ““trismegistus”*” rɪˈfərz tɪ ˈmɛni greɪt ˈhərmiz ˈkɛrɪktərz, ə laɪn əv ˈseɪʤɪz ənd ˈmɪstɪks ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ðə ˈtiʧɪŋz tɪ juˈmænɪti ˈoʊvər ˈmɛni əˈstrɑləʤər, magus*, ˈælkɛˌmɪst ðə ðət wi rɛd ənd raɪt əˈbaʊt moʊst ˈɔfən ər nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli ˈeɪnʧənt bʊks əˈskraɪbd tɪ ˈhərmiz. ˈməltəpəl ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈərli wərks ɔn əˈstrɑləʤi wər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ ðə ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri seɪʤ. ðə lɪŋk bɪtˈwin ˈhərmiz ənd əˈstrɑləʤi ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ klɪr ɪn ðə ˈfrægmənts əv stobaeus*. ðə grik ˈmæʤɪkəl ənd tɛksts səʧ ɛz ðə meɪk ɪt klɪr ðət ˈhərmiz wɑz sin ɛz ə ˈmæstər əv thaumaturgy*, demonology*, ənd ˈəðər ˈmæʤɪkəl ɑrts. ˈfaɪnəli, ˈhərmiz ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri sɔrs əv ˈælkəmi, θru səʧ wərks ɛz ðə ˈɛmərrəld ˈtæblət ənd ðə wərks əv əv ˈmɛni roʊlz fər ə ˈlɛʤənd ɪt ɪz klɪr ðət ðə ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˈfɪgjər əv ˈhərmiz həz sərvd ˈmɛni ˈpərpəsɪz. pərˈhæps, laɪk ˈəðər ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˌpərsəˈnælɪtiz, hɪz ril ˈminɪŋ ɪz tɪ bi dɪˈtərmənd baɪ iʧ əv ˈjuˈɛs ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli. ɛz ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns əv gnosis*, ɪt kʊd bi ðət ˈhərmiz hɪmˈsɛlf ɪz ə ˈkɑnsɛpt ðət nidz tɪ bi ˈpərsənəli ɪkˈspɪriənst tɪ bi ˈfʊli ˌəndərˈstʊd. dɪd ju laɪk ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl? maɪ ˈpeɪtrənz rɪˈsiv nu ˈɑrtɪkəlz faɪv deɪz ˈərli. səˈpɔrt maɪ wərk ɔn patreon*! ʃɛr ðɪs: ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər ˈtəmblər iˈmeɪl laɪk ðɪs: laɪk ˈloʊdɪŋ...
|
mcconnell: 'no evidence whatsoever that the bush tax cuts actually diminished revenue'
there are fiscal theories that i disagree with, and that i think are cruel, and that make me upset. but very few actually make me sad. sen. mitch mcconnell, however, hit my sore spot today. "there's no evidence whatsoever that the bush tax cuts actually diminished revenue," he told brian beutler of tpmdc. "they increased revenue because of the vibrancy of these tax cuts in the economy. so i think what senator kyl was expressing was the view of virtually every republican on that subject." in other words, this is why republicans don't think tax cuts need to be paid for. they pay for themselves.
why does this make me sad? because it's hard to see the country prospering when one of its two major political parties is this economically illiterate. mcconnell isn't some backbencher. he's senate minority leader. and he thinks there's "no evidence whatsoever that the bush tax cuts actually diminished revenue."
there's an ontological question here about what, exactly, mcconnell considers to be "evidence." but how about the congressional budget office's estimations? "the new data show that changes in law enacted since january 2001 increased the deficit by $539 billion in 2005. in the absence of such legislation, the nation would have a surplus this year. tax cuts account for almost half 48 percent of this $539 billion in increased costs." how about the committee for a responsible federal budget? their budget calculator shows that the tax cuts will cost $3.28 trillion between 2011 and 2018. how about george w. bush's cea chair, greg mankiw, who used the term "charlatans and cranks" for people who believed that income tax cuts would have such large effects that the tax cuts would raise tax revenue." he continued: "i did not find such a claim credible, based on the available evidence. i never have, and i still don't."
there is some stimulative affect from tax cuts. they increase economic activity somewhat, and that means there's somewhat more taxable revenue for the government to pick up. but not much. not nearly enough to cancel out the cost of a tax cut. it's important to remember that the laffer curve is actually a curve. you can no more drop taxes to 1 percent and make up the difference in revenue than you could increases taxes to 100 percent and sustain enough economic activity to fund the government. you'll recall that the last time we saw budget surpluses was under clinton -- and higher taxes.
further, if tax cuts don't need to be paid for because they generate so much taxable economic activity that they pay for themselves, then neither do unemployment checks. after all, the two work very similarly: a tax cut puts more money in your pocket. unemployment insurance puts more money in an unemployed person's pocket. the difference is that the unemployed person is likelier to spend that money, which will generate more taxable economic activity than if that money is saved. that's why mark zandi, an adviser to john mccain's presidential campaign, estimated (pdf) that a dollar spent extending the bush tax cuts would generate .32 cents of taxable economic activity, while a dollar spent on unemployment benefits would generate $1.61 of taxable economic activity.
in other words, using the theory under which tax cuts pay for themselves, unemployment benefits are a lot likelier to pay for themselves. but john cornyn, another member of the senate leadership, hasn't run the numbers. "i think the urgency of extension of unemployment insurance has increased because of the size of the deficit and the size of the debt," he said. it's enough to make you very, very sad.
photo credit: by j. scott press
|
məˈkɑnəl: 'noʊ ˈɛvədəns ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər ðət ðə bʊʃ tæks kəts ˈæˌkʧuəli dɪˈmɪnɪʃt ˈrɛvəˌnu' ðɛr ər ˈfɪskəl ˈθɪriz ðət aɪ dɪsəˈgri wɪθ, ənd ðət aɪ θɪŋk ər kruəl, ənd ðət meɪk mi ˈəpˌsɛt. bət ˈvɛri fju ˈæˌkʧuəli meɪk mi sæd. sɛn. mɪʧ məˈkɑnəl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hɪt maɪ sɔr spɑt təˈdeɪ. "ðɛrz noʊ ˈɛvədəns ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər ðət ðə bʊʃ tæks kəts ˈæˌkʧuəli dɪˈmɪnɪʃt ˈrɛvəˌnu," hi toʊld braɪən ˈbɔɪtələr əv tpmdc*. "ðeɪ ˌɪnˈkrist ˈrɛvəˌnu bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈvaɪbrənsi əv ðiz tæks kəts ɪn ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. soʊ aɪ θɪŋk wət ˈsɛnətər kaɪl wɑz ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ wɑz ðə vju əv ˈvərʧuəli ˈɛvəri rɪˈpəblɪkən ɔn ðət ˈsəbʤɪkt." ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðɪs ɪz waɪ rɪˈpəblɪkənz doʊnt θɪŋk tæks kəts nid tɪ bi peɪd fər. ðeɪ peɪ fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz. waɪ dɪz ðɪs meɪk mi sæd? bɪˈkəz ɪts hɑrd tɪ si ðə ˈkəntri ˈprɑspərɪŋ wɪn wən əv ɪts tu ˈmeɪʤər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrtiz ɪz ðɪs ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli ˌɪˈlɪtərət. məˈkɑnəl ˈɪzənt səm backbencher*. hiz ˈsɛnɪt məˈnɔrəti ˈlidər. ənd hi θɪŋks ðɛrz "noʊ ˈɛvədəns ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər ðət ðə bʊʃ tæks kəts ˈæˌkʧuəli dɪˈmɪnɪʃt ˈrɛvəˌnu." ðɛrz ən ˌɑntəˈlɑʤɪkəl kˈwɛʃən hir əˈbaʊt wət, ɪgˈzæktli, məˈkɑnəl kənˈsɪdərz tɪ bi "ˈɛvədəns." bət haʊ əˈbaʊt ðə kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈbəʤɪt ˈɔfəsɪz ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃənz? "ðə nu ˈdætə ʃoʊ ðət ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn lɔ ɛˈnæktəd sɪns ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2001 ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ˈdɛfəsət baɪ 539 ˈbɪljən ɪn 2005 ɪn ðə ˈæbsəns əv səʧ ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən, ðə ˈneɪʃən wʊd hæv ə ˈsərpləs ðɪs jɪr. tæks kəts əˈkaʊnt fər ˈɔlˌmoʊst hæf 48 pərˈsɛnt əv ðɪs 539 ˈbɪljən ɪn ˌɪnˈkrist kɔsts." haʊ əˈbaʊt ðə kəˈmɪti fər ə riˈspɑnsəbəl ˈfɛdərəl ˈbəʤɪt? ðɛr ˈbəʤɪt ˈkælkjəˌleɪtər ʃoʊz ðət ðə tæks kəts wɪl kɔst ˈtrɪljən bɪtˈwin 2011 ənd 2018 haʊ əˈbaʊt ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. ˈbʊʃɪz ˈsiˈiˈeɪ ʧɛr, grɛg mankiw*, hu juzd ðə tərm "ˈʃɑrlətənz ənd kræŋks" fər ˈpipəl hu bɪˈlivd ðət ˈɪnˌkəm tæks kəts wʊd hæv səʧ lɑrʤ ˈifɛkts ðət ðə tæks kəts wʊd reɪz tæks ˈrɛvəˌnu." hi kənˈtɪnjud: "aɪ dɪd nɑt faɪnd səʧ ə kleɪm ˈkrɛdəbəl, beɪst ɔn ðə əˈveɪləbəl ˈɛvədəns. aɪ ˈnɛvər hæv, ənd aɪ stɪl doʊnt." ðɛr ɪz səm ˈstɪmjəˌleɪtɪv əˈfɛkt frəm tæks kəts. ðeɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ækˈtɪvɪti ˈsəmˈwət, ənd ðət minz ðɛrz ˈsəmˈwət mɔr ˈtæksəbəl ˈrɛvəˌnu fər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ pɪk əp. bət nɑt məʧ. nɑt ˈnɪrli ɪˈnəf tɪ ˈkænsəl aʊt ðə kɔst əv ə tæks kət. ɪts ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ðə ˈlæfər kərv ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ə kərv. ju kən noʊ mɔr drɔp ˈtæksɪz tɪ 1 pərˈsɛnt ənd meɪk əp ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ˈrɛvəˌnu ðən ju kʊd ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ˈtæksɪz tɪ 100 pərˈsɛnt ənd səˈsteɪn ɪˈnəf ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ækˈtɪvɪti tɪ fənd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt. jul ˈriˌkɔl ðət ðə læst taɪm wi sɔ ˈbəʤɪt ˈsərpləsɪz wɑz ˈəndər ˈklɪntən ənd haɪər ˈtæksɪz. ˈfərðər, ɪf tæks kəts doʊnt nid tɪ bi peɪd fər bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt soʊ məʧ ˈtæksəbəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ækˈtɪvɪti ðət ðeɪ peɪ fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ðɛn ˈniðər du ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ʧɛks. ˈæftər ɔl, ðə tu wərk ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələrli: ə tæks kət pʊts mɔr ˈməni ɪn jʊr ˈpɑkət. ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns pʊts mɔr ˈməni ɪn ən ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd ˈpərsənz ˈpɑkət. ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪz ðət ðə ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd ˈpərsən ɪz ˈlaɪkliər tɪ spɛnd ðət ˈməni, wɪʧ wɪl ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt mɔr ˈtæksəbəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ækˈtɪvɪti ðən ɪf ðət ˈməni ɪz seɪvd. ðæts waɪ mɑrk ˈzɑndi, ən ædˈvaɪzər tɪ ʤɑn məˈkeɪnz ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn, ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd (pdf*) ðət ə ˈdɔlər spɛnt ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ ðə bʊʃ tæks kəts wʊd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt 32 sɛnts əv ˈtæksəbəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ækˈtɪvɪti, waɪl ə ˈdɔlər spɛnt ɔn ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈbɛnəfɪts wʊd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt əv ˈtæksəbəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ækˈtɪvɪti. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈθɪri ˈəndər wɪʧ tæks kəts peɪ fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈbɛnəfɪts ər ə lɔt ˈlaɪkliər tɪ peɪ fər ðɛmˈsɛlvz. bət ʤɑn cornyn*, əˈnəðər ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈlidərˌʃɪp, ˈhæzənt rən ðə ˈnəmbərz. "aɪ θɪŋk ðə ˈərʤənsi əv ɪkˈstɛnʃən əv ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns həz ˌɪnˈkrist bɪˈkəz əv ðə saɪz əv ðə ˈdɛfəsət ənd ðə saɪz əv ðə dɛt," hi sɛd. ɪts ɪˈnəf tɪ meɪk ju ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri sæd. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈkrɛdɪt: baɪ ʤeɪ. skɑt prɛs
|
30th june, 2015 - saint paul, minnesota -
boulderriver:
forty-eight hours ago, i was walking back to my dorm room for my last hours of sleep at the 2015 international thespian festival. this first trip has come and gone, and i now know what like to spend a week living on the university of campus surrounded by theatre nerds. we observed, learned, performed, competed, created, ate, slept, laughed, and together. it was awesome. the only way i can really think of to properly communicate to you what i did in lincoln is to give you a brief overview of each day, explaining the necessary as i go along. be long and boring, but this journal is more for myself anyway.
day one (monday)
i, and the other members of thespian troupe #1746 arrived at at an ungodly hour of the morning to board a bus and drive to nebraska. we moved into our dorm rooms and had our first meal.
day two (tuesday)
the roseville competed in tech challenge, taking in quick change and button sewing, in prop exchange, and overall (this is a very big deal, we are all extremely excited). the show was white christmas, and later, after everyone had dressed up for the curtain call ball, 1746 attended the 39 steps.
day three (wednesday)
i’m pretty sure i slept through breakfast on this day, but not sure. anyway, the show, was wonderful (we got glow sticks), as was lost in yonkers.
day four (thursday)
at this point all i remember are the shows we saw and what the dance was, so sorry for my lack of interesting content. the was big fish and the was the incredibly twilight of the golds. oh and that dance was the red & black formal affair. i wore pants. they were awesome.
day five (friday)
this day was by far my favorite day at. i learned about the same-sex marriage ruling from a presenter at the nies** awards showcase, and spent the rest of the day walking around campus hearing kids saying “i can get married now!” was even incorporated into the announcements later that evening, followed by hello! my baby, which is the most wonderful and amazing musical i have ever seen. seriously, you should be thankful limiting my review of it to two could go on forever about it. we also saw the addams family and attended (drama prom).
day six (saturday)
i spent some time shopping in lincoln before seeing the little mermaid, which was disappointing*** after hello! my baby the night before. i did not see unexpected tenderness, choosing instead to pack and get ready for the generations gala.
day seven (sunday)
most of the roseville girls got very little sleep, choosing instead to spend our last night at talking, laughing, and breaking into tears over donuts. okay that last one was just me, but an amazing picture of donuts.
i then spent a great number of hours on a surprisingly uncomfortable coach bus and made it back to in time to jump in the car my grandparents had left for me and race to choir concert. he had just returned from a tour of the east coast with the minnesota boychoir, and this annual homecoming concert is always the best. i made it just in time for my favorite song, and i am so happy to be reunited with my best friend.
*it is incredibly freeing to realize you can say you like a performance. **nies: national individual events showcase. if you knew me before this past february, then know that me and my dear friend in duet acting received an accomplished rating at the state level. while we were invited to compete at, we were unable to due to being in spain. ***these productions of hello! my baby and the little mermaid traveled from the same town in wisconsin (the same theatre company pretty sure), and so it was hard not to compare.
and a bonus selfie because cute.
next up on the travel schedule: a month or so in montana, during which i will try to update more regularly.
peace,
della
|
30th* ʤun, 2015 seɪnt pɔl, ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə boulderriver*: aʊərz əˈgoʊ, aɪ wɑz ˈwɔkɪŋ bæk tɪ maɪ dɔrm rum fər maɪ læst aʊərz əv slip æt ðə 2015 ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈθɛspiən ˈfɛstɪvəl. ðɪs fərst trɪp həz kəm ənd gɔn, ənd aɪ naʊ noʊ wət laɪk tɪ spɛnd ə wik ˈlɪvɪŋ ɔn ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈkæmpəs sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˈθiətər nərdz. wi əbˈzərvd, ˈlərnɪd, pərˈfɔrmd, kəmˈpitɪd, kriˈeɪtɪd, eɪt, slɛpt, læft, ənd təˈgɛðər. ɪt wɑz ˈɔsəm. ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ aɪ kən ˈrɪli θɪŋk əv tɪ ˈprɑpərli kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt tɪ ju wət aɪ dɪd ɪn ˈlɪŋkən ɪz tɪ gɪv ju ə brif ˈoʊvərvˌju əv iʧ deɪ, ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ɛz aɪ goʊ əˈlɔŋ. bi lɔŋ ənd ˈbɔrɪŋ, bət ðɪs ˈʤərnəl ɪz mɔr fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈɛniˌweɪ. deɪ wən (ˈmənˌdeɪ aɪ, ənd ðə ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈθɛspiən trup 1746 əraɪvd æt æt ən ənˈgɔdli aʊər əv ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ tɪ bɔrd ə bəs ənd draɪv tɪ nəˈbræskə. wi muvd ˈɪntu ɑr dɔrm rumz ənd hæd ɑr fərst mil. deɪ tu (ˈtuzˌdeɪ ðə ˈroʊzˌvɪl kəmˈpitɪd ɪn tɛk ˈʧælənʤ, ˈteɪkɪŋ ɪn kwɪk ʧeɪnʤ ənd ˈbətən soʊɪŋ, ɪn prɑp ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ, ənd ˈoʊvərˌɔl (ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvɛri bɪg dil, wi ər ɔl ɪkˈstrimli ɪkˈsaɪtɪd). ðə ʃoʊ wɑz waɪt ˈkrɪsməs, ənd ˈleɪtər, ˈæftər ˈɛvriˌwən hæd drɛst əp fər ðə ˈkərtən kɔl bɔl, 1746 əˈtɛndəd ðə 39 stɛps. deɪ θri (ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈprɪti ʃʊr aɪ slɛpt θru ˈbrɛkfəst ɔn ðɪs deɪ, bət nɑt ʃʊr. ˈɛniˌweɪ, ðə ʃoʊ, wɑz ˈwəndərfəl (wi gɑt gloʊ stɪks), ɛz wɑz lɔst ɪn ˈjɑŋkərz. deɪ fɔr (ˈθərzˌdeɪ æt ðɪs pɔɪnt ɔl aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ər ðə ʃoʊz wi sɔ ənd wət ðə dæns wɑz, soʊ ˈsɑri fər maɪ læk əv ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈkɑntɛnt. ðə wɑz bɪg fɪʃ ənd ðə wɑz ðə ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli tˈwaɪˌlaɪt əv ðə goʊldz. oʊ ənd ðət dæns wɑz ðə rɛd blæk ˈfɔrməl əˈfɛr. aɪ wɔr pænts. ðeɪ wər ˈɔsəm. deɪ faɪv (ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðɪs deɪ wɑz baɪ fɑr maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt deɪ æt. aɪ ˈlərnɪd əˈbaʊt ðə ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤ ˈrulɪŋ frəm ə ˈprɛzəntər æt ðə əˈwɔrdz ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs, ənd spɛnt ðə rɛst əv ðə deɪ ˈwɔkɪŋ əraʊnd ˈkæmpəs ˈhirɪŋ kɪdz seɪɪŋ kən gɪt ˈmɛrid now!”*!” wɑz ˈivɪn ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ˈɪntu ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnts ˈleɪtər ðət ˈivnɪŋ, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ hɛˈloʊ! maɪ ˈbeɪbi, wɪʧ ɪz ðə moʊst ˈwəndərfəl ənd əˈmeɪzɪŋ mˈjuzɪkəl aɪ hæv ˈɛvər sin. ˈsɪriəsli, ju ʃʊd bi ˈθæŋkfəl ˈlɪmətɪŋ maɪ ˌrivˈju əv ɪt tɪ tu kʊd goʊ ɔn fərˈɛvər əˈbaʊt ɪt. wi ˈɔlsoʊ sɔ ðə ˈædəmz ˈfæməli ənd əˈtɛndəd (ˈdrɑmə prɑm). deɪ sɪks (ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ aɪ spɛnt səm taɪm ˈʃɑpɪŋ ɪn ˈlɪŋkən ˌbiˈfɔr siɪŋ ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈmərˌmeɪd, wɪʧ wɑz ˈæftər hɛˈloʊ! maɪ ˈbeɪbi ðə naɪt ˌbiˈfɔr. aɪ dɪd nɑt si ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd ˈtɛndərnəs, ˈʧuzɪŋ ˌɪnˈstɛd tɪ pæk ənd gɪt ˈrɛdi fər ðə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz ˈgælə. deɪ ˈsɛvən (ˈsənˌdi moʊst əv ðə ˈroʊzˌvɪl gərlz gɑt ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl slip, ˈʧuzɪŋ ˌɪnˈstɛd tɪ spɛnd ɑr læst naɪt æt ˈtɔkɪŋ, ˈlæfɪŋ, ənd ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈɪntu tɪrz ˈoʊvər ˈdoʊˌnəts. ˌoʊˈkeɪ ðət læst wən wɑz ʤɪst mi, bət ən əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈpɪkʧər əv ˈdoʊˌnəts. aɪ ðɛn spɛnt ə greɪt ˈnəmbər əv aʊərz ɔn ə səˈpraɪzɪŋli ənˈkəmfərtəbəl koʊʧ bəs ənd meɪd ɪt bæk tɪ ɪn taɪm tɪ ʤəmp ɪn ðə kɑr maɪ ˈgrændˌpɛrənts hæd lɛft fər mi ənd reɪs tɪ kwaɪər ˈkɑnsərt. hi hæd ʤɪst rɪˈtərnd frəm ə tʊr əv ðə ist koʊst wɪθ ðə ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə boychoir*, ənd ðɪs ˈænjuəl ˈhoʊmˌkəmɪŋ ˈkɑnsərt ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ðə bɛst. aɪ meɪd ɪt ʤɪst ɪn taɪm fər maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt sɔŋ, ənd aɪ æm soʊ ˈhæpi tɪ bi ˌriuˈnaɪtɪd wɪθ maɪ bɛst frɛnd. *ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli friɪŋ tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ju kən seɪ ju laɪk ə pərˈfɔrməns. **naɪz: ˈnæʃənəl ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ɪˈvɛnts ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs. ɪf ju nu mi ˌbiˈfɔr ðɪs pæst ˈfɛbruˌɛri, ðɛn noʊ ðət mi ənd maɪ dɪr frɛnd ɪn duˈɛt ˈæktɪŋ rɪˈsivd ən əˈkɑmplɪʃt ˈreɪtɪŋ æt ðə steɪt ˈlɛvəl. waɪl wi wər ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd tɪ kəmˈpit æt, wi wər əˈneɪbəl tɪ du tɪ biɪŋ ɪn speɪn. ***ðiz pərˈdəkʃənz əv hɛˈloʊ! maɪ ˈbeɪbi ənd ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈmərˌmeɪd ˈtrævəld frəm ðə seɪm taʊn ɪn wɪˈskɑnsən (ðə seɪm ˈθiətər ˈkəmpəˌni ˈprɪti ʃʊr), ənd soʊ ɪt wɑz hɑrd nɑt tɪ kəmˈpɛr. ənd ə ˈboʊnəs ˈsɛlˌfi bɪˈkəz kjut. nɛkst əp ɔn ðə ˈtrævəl ˈskɛʤʊl: ə mənθ ər soʊ ɪn mɑnˈtænə, ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ aɪ wɪl traɪ tɪ ˈəpˌdeɪt mɔr ˈrɛgjələrli. pis, ˈdɛlə
|
update! edit! i received a second puzzle in the mail today and i can't believe that a stranger from the internet made and sent this to me!!! you guys! this is the best! this is the nicest thing the internet has ever done for me! i can't wait to pay it forward in my next round of exchanges! my santa stalked me and found my honeymoon pictures, picked my favorite one and turned it into a!!
i got really out on saturday because the tracking link said that my puzzles gift was delivered in texas! but that just turned out to be clever misdirection, because my package was waiting at the post office for me today! i was super excited and pleased! there was a jigsaw puzzle and a puzzle book and a cute pouch of disney pencils for working on puzzles! there was even a puzzle in the enclosed letter! and the promise of more puzzle on the way?!? what? awesome! super fun.
|
ˈəpˌdeɪt! ˈɛdət! aɪ rɪˈsivd ə ˈsɛkənd ˈpəzəl ɪn ðə meɪl təˈdeɪ ənd aɪ kænt bɪˈliv ðət ə ˈstreɪnʤər frəm ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt meɪd ənd sɛnt ðɪs tɪ mi!!! ju gaɪz! ðɪs ɪz ðə bɛst! ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈnaɪsɪst θɪŋ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt həz ˈɛvər dən fər mi! aɪ kænt weɪt tɪ peɪ ɪt ˈfɔrwərd ɪn maɪ nɛkst raʊnd əv ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz! maɪ ˈsænə stɔkt mi ənd faʊnd maɪ ˈhəniˌmun ˈpɪkʧərz, pɪkt maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt wən ənd tərnd ɪt ˈɪntu ə aɪ gɑt ˈrɪli aʊt ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ bɪˈkəz ðə ˈtrækɪŋ lɪŋk sɛd ðət maɪ ˈpəzəlz gɪft wɑz dɪˈlɪvərd ɪn ˈtɛksəs! bət ðət ʤɪst tərnd aʊt tɪ bi ˈklɛvər misdirection*, bɪˈkəz maɪ ˈpækɪʤ wɑz ˈweɪtɪŋ æt ðə poʊst ˈɔfəs fər mi təˈdeɪ! aɪ wɑz ˈsupər ɪkˈsaɪtɪd ənd plizd! ðɛr wɑz ə ˈʤɪgˌsɔ ˈpəzəl ənd ə ˈpəzəl bʊk ənd ə kjut paʊʧ əv ˈdɪzni ˈpɛnsəlz fər ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ˈpəzəlz! ðɛr wɑz ˈivɪn ə ˈpəzəl ɪn ðə ɪnˈkloʊzd ˈlɛtər! ənd ðə ˈprɑməs əv mɔr ˈpəzəl ɔn ðə weɪ?!? wət? ˈɔsəm! ˈsupər fən.
|
significance the strong focus on species extinctions, a critical aspect of the contemporary pulse of biological extinction, leads to a common misimpression that is not immediately threatened, just slowly entering an episode of major biodiversity loss. this view overlooks the current trends of population declines and extinctions. using a sample of terrestrial vertebrate species, and a more detailed analysis of 177 mammal species, we show the extremely high degree of population decay in vertebrates, even in common “species of low concern.” dwindling population sizes and range amount to a massive anthropogenic erosion of biodiversity and of the ecosystem services essential to civilization. this “biological annihilation” underlines the seriousness for humanity of ongoing sixth mass extinction event.
abstract the population extinction pulse we describe here shows, from a quantitative viewpoint, that sixth mass extinction is more severe than perceived when looking exclusively at species extinctions. therefore, humanity needs to address anthropogenic population and decimation immediately. that conclusion is based on analyses of the numbers and degrees of range contraction (indicative of population shrinkage population extinctions according to the international union for conservation of nature) using a sample of vertebrate species, and on a more detailed analysis documenting the population extinctions between 1900 and 2015 in 177 mammal species. we find that the rate of population loss in terrestrial vertebrates is extremely in “species of low concern.” in our sample, comprising nearly half of known vertebrate species, 32% (8,851/27,600) are decreasing; that is, they have decreased in population size and range. in the 177 mammals for which we have detailed data, all have lost 30% or more of their geographic ranges and more than 40% of the species have experienced severe population declines (>80% range shrinkage). our data indicate that beyond global species extinctions earth is experiencing a huge episode of population declines ands, which will have negative cascading consequences on ecosystem functioning and services vital to sustaining civilization. we describe this as a “biological annihilation” to highlight the current magnitude of ongoing sixth major extinction event.
the loss of biological diversity is one of the most severe global environmental problems. hundreds of species and myriad populations are being driven to extinction every year (1⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓–8). from the perspective of geological time, richest ever is already well into a sixth mass extinction episode (9⇓⇓⇓⇓–14). mass extinction episodes detected in the fossil record have been measured in terms of rates of global extinctions of species or higher (e.g., ref. 9). for example, conservatively almost 200 species of vertebrates have gone extinct in the last 100 y. these represent the loss of about 2 species per year. few realize, however, that if subjected to the estimated “background” or “normal” extinction rate prevailing in the last 2 million years, the 200 vertebrate species losses would have taken not a century, but up to y to disappear, depending on the animal group analyzed (11). considering the marine realm, specifically, only 15 animal species have been recorded as globally extinct (15), likely an underestimate, given the difficulty of accurately recording marine extinctions. regarding global extinction of invertebrates, available information is limited and largely focused on threat level. for example, it is estimated that 42% of terrestrial invertebrate species, and 25% of species of marine invertebrates assessed on the international union for conservation of nature (iucn) red list are classified as threatened with extinction (16). however, from the perspective of a human lifetime it is difficult to appreciate the current magnitude of species extinctions. a rate of two vertebrate species extinctions per year does not generate enough public concern, especially because many of those species were obscure and had limited ranges, such as the aporus, extinct in 2014), a tiny fish from mexico, or the christmas island murrayi, extinct in 2009), a bat that vanished from its namesake volcanic remnant.
species extinctions are obviously very important in the long run, because such losses are irreversible and may have profound effects ranging from the depletion of inspirational and esthetic resources to deterioration of ecosystem function and services (e.g., refs.). the strong focus among scientists on species extinctions, however, conveys a common impression that is not dramatically threatened, or is just slowly entering an episode of major biodiversity loss that need not generate deep concern now (e.g., ref. 21, but see also refs. 9, 11, 22). thus, there might be sufficient time to address the decay of biodiversity later, or to develop technologies for “deextinction”—the possibility of the latter being an especially dangerous misimpression (see ref. 23). specifically, this approach has led to the neglect of two critical aspects of the present extinction episode: (i) the disappearance of populations, which essentially always precedes species extinctions, and (ii) the rapid decrease in numbers of individuals within some of the remaining populations. a detailed analysis of the loss of individuals and populations makes the problem much clearer and more worrisome, and highlights a whole set of parameters that are increasingly critical in considering the biological extinction crisis.
in the last few decades, habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive organisms, pollution, toxification, and more recently climate disruption, as well as the interactions among these factors, have led to the catastrophic declines in both the numbers and sizes of populations of both common and rare vertebrate species (24⇓⇓⇓–28). for example, several species of mammals that were relatively safe one or two decades ago are now endangered. in 2016, there were only cheetahs in existence (29) and less than borneo and sumatran orangutans and p. abelli, respectively) (28). populations of african lion leo) dropped 43% since 1993 (30), (manis spp.) populations have been decimated (31), and populations ofaffes dropped from around individuals thought to be in 1985, to around representing what is now recognized to be four speciesaffa, g. tippelskirchi, g. reticulata, and g. camelopardalis) in 2015 (32).
an important antecedent to our work (25) used the number of genetic populations per unit area and then estimated potential loss on the basis of deforestation estimates and the relationship (sar). given the recognized limitations of the use of sar to estimate extinctions, our work provides an approach based on reduction of species range as a proxy of population. the most recent living planet index (lpi) has estimated that wildlife abundance on the planet decreased by as much as 58% between 1970 and 2012 (4). the present study is different from and other related publications in several ways, including that here we use all decreasing species of vertebrates according to, mapping and comparing absolute and relative numbers of species, and focusing on population losses. previous estimates seem validated by the data we present here on the loss of local populations and the severe decrease in the population size of many others (see also refs. 3, 4,, 26). here we examine the magnitude of losses of populations of land vertebrate species on a global system of-km2 (methods). species vary from common to rare, so that our analysis, which includes all land vertebrate species (amphibians, birds, reptiles, and mammals) deemed as “decreasing” by, provides a better estimate of population losses than using exclusively data on species at risk. obviously, common species decreasing are not ordinarily classified as species at risk. criteria provide quantitative thresholds for population size, trend, and range size, to determine decreasing species (28, 33). we also evaluate shrinking ranges and population declines for 177 species of mammals for which data are available on geographic range shrinkage from to 2015. we specifically focus on local extinctions by addressing the following questions: (i) what are the numbers and geographic distributions of decreasing terrestrial vertebrate species (i.e., experiencing population losses)? (ii) what are the vertebrate groups and geographic regions that have the highest numbers and proportions of decreasing species? (iii) what is the scale of local population declines in proxy for other vertebrates? by addressing these questions, we conclude that anthropogenic population extinctions amount to a massive erosion of the greatest biological diversity in the history of earth and that population losses and declines are especially important, because it is populations of organisms that primarily supply the ecosystem services so critical to humanity at local and regional levels.
results patterns of variation in population loss among vertebrates. considering all land vertebrates, our explicit analyses indicate a massive pulse of population losses, with a global epidemic of species declines. those analyses support the view that the decay of vertebrate animal life is widespread geographically, crosses lineages, and involves species ranging in abundance from common to rare (figs.). the losses, however, are not uniform: some regions exhibit higher concentrations of species with local population extinctions than others, including a strong latitudinal signal corresponding to an peak (i.e., roughly between the tropics of cancer and capricorn) of number of decreasing species, particularly strong in mammals and birds, which largely drive the overall land vertebrate pattern (fig. 3, center). notably, some parts of the planet harbor low absolute numbers of vertebrate species undergoing decline (figs. 2 and 3), such as those areas of low species richness located in (northernmost locations, particularly of the western hemisphere) and (saharan africa and central asia) regions. however, it is instructive to examine their corresponding proportional numbers, an aspect we discuss in detail in another section below. fig. 1. decreasing land vertebrates, as exemplified with these four species, include with different conservation status (e.g., low concern, critically endangered), current geographic range (e.g., large, very restricted), and abundance (e.g., common, rare). the data on conservation status, current geographic range, and abundance are from (28). barn swallow image courtesy of daniel garza galindo (photographer). fig. 2. global distribution of terrestrial vertebrate species according to (28). (left) global distribution of species richness as indicated by number of species in each-km2. (center) absolute number of decreasing species per. (right) percentage of species that are suffering population losses in relation to total species richness per. the maps highlight that regions of known high species richness harbor large absolute numbers of species experiencing high levels of decline and population loss (particularly evident in the amazon, the central african region, and asia), whereas the proportion of decreasing species per shows a strong and saharan africa signal. in addition, there are several centers of population decline in both absolute and relative terms (borneo, for example). fig. 3. latitudinal distribution of species richness (left), decreasing species (center), and the percentage of species (right) that are suffering population losses in relation to total species richness, in each-km2. patterns of species richness in relation to latitude are similar in all vertebrates, although there are more species per in birds and mammals and, as expected, a scarcity of reptiles and amphibians at high latitudes. the patterns of number of species with decreasing populations indicate that regions with high species richness also have high numbers of decreasing species, but the percentage of decreasing species in relation to species richness shows contrasting patterns between mammals and birds compared with reptiles and amphibians. in mammals and birds, the percentage of decreasing species is relatively similar in regions with low and high species richness. in contrast, there are proportionally more decreasing species of reptiles and amphibians in regions with low species richness. fig. 4. the percentage of decreasing species classified by as “endangered” (including “critically endangered,” “endangered,” “vulnerable,” and “near-threatened”) or “low concern” (including “low concern” and “data-deficient”) in terrestrial vertebrates. this figure emphasizes that even species that have not yet been classified as endangered (roughly 30% in the case of all vertebrates) are declining. this situation is exacerbated in the case of birds, for which close to 55% of the decreasing species are still classified as “low concern.” the number of decreasing species of all land vertebrates in each of the-km2 over land surface ranges from a few to more than 365 (fig. 2). as expected, large concentrations of decreasing vertebrate species occur in areas of moist tropical forests adjacent to mountainous regions, such as the region, the congo eastern african highlands, and the asian jungle belt. the distribution of the number of decreasing species considering vertebrate classes separately reveals notable differences. first, the maximum number of decreasing species in a-km2 varies from a high value of 296 decreasing birds per, to a low maximum of 60 decreasing reptiles in a. second, mammals and birds have relatively similar distribution patterns of decreasing species, except that birds have more decreasing species in the temperate zones. third, mammals and birds have patterns of decreasing species quite distinct from those of reptiles and amphibians (figs. 2 and 3), given that the latter are rarer in the northern and southern temperate and regions (both are essentially absent from the arctic and are missing from the antarctic). fourth, reptiles and amphibians clearly differ from each other in regions where decreasing species are concentrated. for example, there are more decreasing reptiles in the eurasian and african continents, and more decreasing amphibians in the americas. there is also great variation in the total population size and geographic ranges among individual species. although there is no accurate information on population size for most, whatever is available indicates that the total population size in species with decreasing populations varies from fewer than 100 individuals in critically endangered species such as the hainan gibbon hainanus), to many millions of individuals in decreasing common species such as the barn swallow rustica). similarly, the smallest ranges (i.e., <1) are seen in species such as the seedeaterensis) from venezuela and false coral snake herrerae) from mexico, both denizens of tiny islands. the largest ranges are hundreds of thousands of square kilometers, as in the bush dog venaticus) from south america and the common lizard vivipara) from eurasia. the sum of the-km2 representing the current ranges of the decreasing vertebrate species is. a highly conservative estimate would indicate a similar number of local populations facing extinction. this is, of course, a very rough estimate of the total number of populations, as the number of populations of a decreasing species in each largely depends, aside from suitable habitat distribution within the, on animal body mass and position (e.g., ref. 34). the assumption of one population per might seem very conservative, as this area could accommodate many populations of small animals (e.g., rodents), most of which could have been extirpated. however, may not be sufficient for, or can barely accommodate a viable population of large carnivores (say a siberian tiger; ref. 34). nonetheless, our results provide evidence of the extremely large numbers of vertebrate populations facing extinction, compared with the number of species. proportion of vertebrate species decreasing. the proportion of decreasing vertebrates shows that there are areas across the planet with high concentrations of decreasing species in all vertebrates and regions with high proportions of decreasing species of a particular group (figs. 2, 3, and 5). for example, in mammals, the highest percentage of decreasing species is concentrated in tropical regions, mostly in the and southeast asia, whereas in reptiles, the proportional decline concentrates almost exclusively in madagascar. decreasing amphibians are prominent in mexico, central america, the northern andes, and atlantic forest in the americas; west africa and madagascar in africa; and india and southeast asia, including indonesia and philippines in asia. finally, decreasing species of birds are found over large regions of all continents (fig. 2). fig. 5. the percentage of species of land mammals from five major and the entire globe undergoing different degrees (in percentage) of decline in the period–2015. considering the sampled species globally, 56% of them have lost more than 60% of their range, a pattern that is generally consistent in africa, asia, australia, and europe, whereas in south america and north america,% of the species have experienced range contractions of only 20% or less. (see text for details.) roughly a third (8,851/27,600) of all land vertebrate species examined are experiencing declines and local population losses of a considerable magnitude (figs.). such proportion of decreasing species varies, depending on the group, from 30% or more in the case of mammals, birds, and reptiles, to 15% in the case of amphibians. furthermore, of the decreasing species, many are now considered endangered (fig. 4). beyond that, roughly 30% of all decreasing species are still sufficiently common that they are considered of “low concern” by, rather than “endangered.” that so many common species are decreasing is a strong sign of the seriousness of the overall contemporary biological extinction episode. in our-km2, the proportion of decreasing species ranges from less than 10% to more than 50% (fig. 2). the geographic distributions of absolute (i.e., number) and relative (i.e., percentage) of decreasing species is contrasting. whereas tropical regions have larger numbers of decreasing species, as expected, given their higher species richness, their corresponding proportions are relatively low. in contrast, temperate regions tend to have similar or higher proportions of decreasing species, a trend dramatically prominent in the case of reptiles. local population extinctions in mammals. our most detailed data allow comparison of historic and present geographic range of a sample of 177 mammal species (figs. 5 and 6). most of the 177 mammal species we sampled have lost more than 40% of their geographic ranges in historic times, and almost half have lost more than 80% of their ranges in the period–2015. at the continental and level, some patterns become evident (fig. 5). the predominant category of range contraction is% in africa (56% of the sampled mammal species), asia (75% of the species), australia (60% of the species), and europe (40% of the species). in the americas, range contractions are less marked but still considerable: 22% of the species in north america and 17% of the species in south america have experienced range contractions of at least 80%. nevertheless, 50% of the species in north america and 28% of the species in south america have experienced a range contraction of 41% or more. fig. 6. percentage of local population extinction in 177 species of mammals in, as an indication of the severity of the mass extinction crises. the maps were generated by comparing historic and current geographic ranges (49) (si appendix, si methods). note that large regions in all continents have lost 50% or more of the populations of the evaluated mammals. because of the small sample size, biased to large mammal species, this figure can only be used to visualize likely trends in population losses. the comparison of the geographic ranges showed that the 177 species of mammals have disappeared from grid cells. on the assumption that on average each of the-km2 occupied held a single population of the species found within it, this implies that roughly populations of the 177 mammals we examined have gone extinct. consider the following emblematic cases: the lion leo) was historically distributed over most of africa, southern europe, and the middle east, all the way to northwestern india (si appendix, fig.). it is now confined to scattered populations in africa and a remnant population in the forest of india. the vast majority of lion populations are gone. in its african stronghold, it historically occupied roughly two thousand-km2 cells, and now it is reduced to some 600 cells. other species, such as the mountain lion (puma concolor), are known to be doing better. the mountain lion has lost some of its local populations in north america, but has not suffered such disastrous losses as its old world relative, adapting relatively well to landscapes, and it is still found across 85% of its historic range. clearly, the extinction of mammal populations, although varying from species to species, has been a global phenomenon (fig. 6). strikingly, the predominant color code in the mammalian map is that of 70% or more of population losses, with the exception of some areas of south america and high latitudes of north america. particularly hard hit have been the mammals of south and southeast asia, where all of the species of mammals analyzed have lost more than 80% of their geographic ranges. the cape and sahara regions in africa, central australia, the eastern united states, and the atlantic forest in south america have also suffered severely from population extinctions.
discussion it has recently been shown, using conservative estimates of current and background species extinction rates, that earth is now in a period of mass global species extinction for vertebrate animals (11). but the true extent of this mass extinction has been underestimated, because of the emphasis on species extinction. this underestimate largely traces to overlooking the accelerating extinction of populations. whereas scientists have known for a long time that several relatively species have undergone major contraction of their ranges, experienced considerable population decreases, and suffered many population extinctions, the global extent of population shrinkage and has previously not been recognized and quantified. in addition, some studies document that invertebrates and plants are suffering massive losses of populations and species (35⇓⇓–38). here we extend investigation of mass extinction to terrestrial vertebrate population decreases and losses, and give estimates of the number of their species with decreasing populations. the accuracy of the estimates is strongly dependent on an unknown parameter, namely, the actual average area occupied by a vertebrate population (e.g., refs. 35,). however, even if a population would, on average, occupy an area five times larger than what we have used here (i.e.,) there would still be hundreds of thousands of populations that have suffered extinction in the past few centuries. on the other hand, most vertebrates (∼70%) are small species of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. if, on average, they have one population every 10 then vertebrates would have suffered more than a billion population extinctions. our results show that population extinction in land vertebrates is geographically omnipresent, but with notable prominence in tropical, regions. it is interesting, however, that when population extinctions are evaluated as the percentage of total species richness, temperate regions, with their typical low species diversity, show higher proportions of population loss. there are some illustrative qualitative examples of population decreases and their consequences within terrestrial and marine vertebrates, but ours is an attempt at a quantitative evaluation of global trends in population extinctions. recent reviews indicate that species extinctions, population decreases, and range contraction (implying population extinctions) among terrestrial invertebrates and plants are as severe as among vertebrates (e.g., refs.). for example, long-term monitoring of insect populations in the united kingdom shows that% of species per order have contracting ranges (36). the situation in plants has been less evaluated; thus it is difficult to compare them with animals, but there is little reason to believe that the extinction situation in plants is dramatically different (37). furthermore, research shows that the loss of animal populations indirectly leads to changes in plant communities (20, 37, 39), frequently causing the reduction of local species richness and dominance of a few plant that either experience “ecological release” in response to decreasing herbivore pressures (42, 43), experience population reductions due to the decline of animals responsible for pollination or dispersal (e.g., refs., 20). the status of biodiversity among microorganisms is too poorly known to permit us to make any comparison and generalizations about the current pulse of extinctions, although some recent research has unraveled between local large herbivore and richness (44, 45). given what we know about genetic population differentiation, it is expected that the range contractions and declines we document here imply a considerable loss of intraspecific genetic diversity (23) but this is, clearly, an aspect that warrants further investigation. in sum, by losing populations (and species) of vertebrates, we are losing intricate ecological networks involving animals, plants, and microorganisms (e.g., refs. 2, 8, 18, 45, 46). we are also losing pools of genetic information that may prove vital to species’ evolutionary adjustment and survival in a rapidly changing global environment. this suggests that, even if there was not ample sign that the crisis extends far beyond that group of animals, planetary of vertebrates will itself promote cascading catastrophic effects on ecosystems, worsening the annihilation of nature (2, 3, 46). thus, while the biosphere is undergoing mass species extinction (11), it is also being ravaged by a much more serious and rapid wave of population declines and extinctions. in combination, these assaults are causing a vast reduction of the fauna and flora of our planet. the resulting biological annihilation obviously will also have serious ecological, economic, and social consequences (46). humanity will eventually pay a very high price for the decimation of the only assemblage of life that we know of in the universe.
conclusion population extinctions today are orders of magnitude more frequent than species extinctions. population extinctions, however, are a prelude to species extinctions, so sixth mass extinction episode has proceeded further than most assume. the massive loss of populations is already damaging the services ecosystems provide to civilization. when considering this frightening assault on the foundations of human civilization, one must never forget that capacity to support life, including human life, has been shaped by life itself (47). when public mention is made of the extinction crisis, it usually focuses on a few animal species (hundreds out of millions) known to have gone extinct, and projecting many more extinctions in the future. but a glance at our maps presents a much more realistic picture: they suggest that as much as 50% of the number of animal individuals that once shared earth with us are already gone, as are billions of populations. furthermore, our analysis is conservative, given the increasing of the drivers of extinction and their synergistic effects. future losses easily may amount to a further rapid of the globe and comparable losses in the diversity of plants (36), including the local (and eventually global)-driven of plants (3, 20). the likelihood of this rapid lies in the proximate causes of population extinctions: habitat conversion, climate disruption, overexploitation, toxification, species invasions, disease, and (potentially) large-scale nuclear tied to one another in complex patterns and usually reinforcing each impacts. much less frequently mentioned are, however, the ultimate drivers of those immediate causes of destruction, namely, human overpopulation and continued population growth, and overconsumption, especially by the rich. these drivers, all of which trace to the fiction that perpetual growth can occur on a finite planet, are themselves increasing rapidly. thus, we emphasize that the sixth mass extinction is already here and the window for effective action is very short, probably two or three decades at most (11, 48). all signs point to ever more powerful assaults on biodiversity in the next two decades, painting a dismal picture of the future of life, including human life.
methods for full methods, please see si appendix. we determined the number of decreasing vertebrate species using the (28) red list of threatened species. in the, species are classified as decreasing, stable, or increasing (see also ref. 33). either range contraction (population extinction) or reduction in numbers in extant populations determines whether a species is decreasing. we used the maps of terrestrial vertebrates (i.e., mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians) to create the global maps of number of species (richness) and of decreasing species, and percentage of decreasing species in relation to total species richness. the distribution of all of the species was superimposed in a grid of-km2 covering the continental lands. for the grid, a lambert projection was used (see ref. 49 for details of the projection methods). in our analyses a critical issue is how grid squares and populations correspond. this is a very difficult problem that varies with definitions of species. (in this paper, we stick with the classic biological definition of species.) the number of populations also varies from species to species; for example, a highly species would have more populations per square than a very species, and species with different mating systems would have different estimates of numbers of populations, and these would not be the same as estimates of number of demographic units (50). for the purposes of understanding the annihilation, these differences are not critical. for example, if we have lost 90% of the geographic range, whether this amounts to demographic units or populations is trivial in the present context. it would be extremely useful if we had much more information on population structure for all vertebrates, but this is a major, pending agenda. the population extinction analysis was conducted on 177 mammalian species occurring on five continents. specifically, we analyzed 54 species in africa, 14 in asia, 57 in australia, 15 in europe, and 35 in america. the historical distribution was gathered from specialized literature (see details in ref. 26) and the current distribution from (28). historic and current ranges were digitized as geographic information system and elaborated in (51). for each species, we calculated the area of the historical and present distribution (in square kilometers) to estimate the percentage of lost area and the percentage of area where the species are extant. a caveat of these estimates regards how representative the sample of 177 species is. we recognize a bias in that the data include a large number of medium- and species, for which the best information is available. however, given that such medium and large species are the most seriously threatened by the predominant proximate drivers of (2, 3), the likely bias against species should not affect our overall interpretation of results.
acknowledgments we thank john harte for very helpful comments on the manuscript and noé torres, santulli, and pacheco for their help with data analyses. the nacional de and stanford university supported our work.
footnotes author contributions: g.c., p.r.e., and r.d. designed research; g.c. and p.r.e. performed research; g.c., p.r.e., and r.d. contributed new tools; g.c. analyzed data; and g.c., p.r.e., and r.d. wrote the paper.
reviewers: t.e.l., george mason university; and p.h.r., missouri botanical garden.
the authors declare no conflict of interest.
this article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1704949114/-/dcsupplemental.
freely available online through the open access option.
|
sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns ðə strɔŋ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz, ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈæˌspɛkt əv ðə kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri pəls əv ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ɪkˈstɪŋʃən, lidz tɪ ə ˈkɑmən mɪsɪmˈprɛʃən ðət ɪz nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli θˈrɛtənd, ʤɪst sˈloʊli ˈɛnərɪŋ ən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd əv ˈmeɪʤər ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvərsəti lɔs. ðɪs vju ˈoʊvərˌlʊks ðə ˈkɑrənt trɛnz əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən dɪˈklaɪnz ənd ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz. ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈsæmpəl əv tərˈɛstriəl ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz, ənd ə mɔr dɪˈteɪld æˈnælɪsɪs əv 177 ˈmæməl ˈspiʃiz, wi ʃoʊ ðə ɪkˈstrimli haɪ dɪˈgri əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən dɪˈkeɪ ɪn ˈvərtəˌbreɪts, ˈivɪn ɪn ˈkɑmən əv loʊ concern.”*.” dˈwɪndəlɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈsaɪzɪz ənd reɪnʤ əˈmaʊnt tɪ ə ˈmæsɪv ˌænθrəpəˈʤɛnɪk ɪˈroʊʒən əv ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvərsəti ənd əv ðə ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ˈsərvɪsɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəl tɪ ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən. ðɪs annihilation”*” ˈəndərˌlaɪnz ðə ˈsɪriəsnəs fər juˈmænɪti əv ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ sɪksθ mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪˈvɛnt. ˈæbˌstrækt ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃən pəls wi dɪˈskraɪb hir ʃoʊz, frəm ə kˈwɑntɪˌteɪtɪv vˈjuˌpɔɪnt, ðət sɪksθ mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪz mɔr səˈvɪr ðən pərˈsivd wɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ ɪkˈsklusɪvli æt ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, juˈmænɪti nidz tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ˌænθrəpəˈʤɛnɪk ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ənd ˈdɛsəˌmeɪʃən ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. ðət kənˈkluʒən ɪz beɪst ɔn æˈnælɪˌsiz əv ðə ˈnəmbərz ənd dɪˈgriz əv reɪnʤ kənˈtrækʃən (ˌɪnˈdɪkətɪv əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ʃˈrɪŋkɪʤ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈjunjən fər ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən əv ˈneɪʧər) ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈsæmpəl əv ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz, ənd ɔn ə mɔr dɪˈteɪld æˈnælɪsɪs ˈdɑkjəmənɪŋ ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz bɪtˈwin 1900 ənd 2015 ɪn 177 ˈmæməl ˈspiʃiz. wi faɪnd ðət ðə reɪt əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən lɔs ɪn tərˈɛstriəl ˈvərtəˌbreɪts ɪz ɪkˈstrimli ɪn əv loʊ concern.”*.” ɪn ɑr ˈsæmpəl, kəmˈpraɪzɪŋ ˈnɪrli hæf əv noʊn ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz, 32 ər ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ; ðət ɪz, ðeɪ hæv ˈdiˌkrist ɪn ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən saɪz ənd reɪnʤ. ɪn ðə 177 ˈmæməlz fər wɪʧ wi hæv dɪˈteɪld ˈdætə, ɔl hæv lɔst 30 ər mɔr əv ðɛr ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˈreɪnʤɪz ənd mɔr ðən 40 əv ðə ˈspiʃiz hæv ɪkˈspɪriənst səˈvɪr ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən dɪˈklaɪnz 80 reɪnʤ ʃˈrɪŋkɪʤ). ɑr ˈdætə ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət bɪɔnd ˈgloʊbəl ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz ərθ ɪz ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ə juʤ ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən dɪˈklaɪnz ənd extirpations*, wɪʧ wɪl hæv ˈnɛgətɪv kæˈskeɪdɪŋ ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz ɔn ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈvaɪtəl tɪ səˈsteɪnɪŋ ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən. wi dɪˈskraɪb ðɪs ɛz ə annihilation”*” tɪ ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈmægnəˌtud əv ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ sɪksθ ˈmeɪʤər ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪˈvɛnt. ðə lɔs əv ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl dɪˈvərsɪti ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst səˈvɪr ˈgloʊbəl ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈprɑbləmz. ˈhənərdz əv ˈspiʃiz ənd ˈmɪriəd ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ər biɪŋ ˈdrɪvən tɪ ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ˈɛvəri jɪr frəm ðə pərˈspɛktɪv əv ˌʤiəˈlɑʤɪkəl taɪm, ˈrɪʧəst ˈɛvər ɪz ɔˈrɛdi wɛl ˈɪntu ə sɪksθ mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz dɪˈtɛktɪd ɪn ðə ˈfɑsəl ˈrɛkərd hæv bɪn ˈmɛʒərd ɪn tərmz əv reɪts əv ˈgloʊbəl ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz əv ˈspiʃiz ər haɪər (e.g*., rɛf. 9 fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, kənˈsərvətɪvli ˈɔlˌmoʊst 200 ˈspiʃiz əv ˈvərtəˌbreɪts hæv gɔn ɪkˈstɪŋkt ɪn ðə læst 100 waɪ. ðiz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə lɔs əv əˈbaʊt 2 ˈspiʃiz pər jɪr. fju ˈriəˌlaɪz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ɪf səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ““background”*” ər ““normal”*” ɪkˈstɪŋʃən reɪt prɪˈveɪlɪŋ ɪn ðə læst 2 ˈmɪljən jɪrz, ðə 200 ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz ˈlɔsɪz wʊd hæv ˈteɪkən nɑt ə ˈsɛnʧəri, bət əp tɪ waɪ tɪ ˌdɪsəˈpɪr, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈænəməl grup ˈænəˌlaɪzd 11 kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə mərˈin rɛlm, spəˈsɪfɪkli, ˈoʊnli 15 ˈænəməl ˈspiʃiz hæv bɪn rɪˈkɔrdɪd ɛz ˈgloʊbəli ɪkˈstɪŋkt 15 ˈlaɪkli ən ˈəndərˈɛstəˌmeɪt, ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti əv ˈækjərətli rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ mərˈin ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz. rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl ɪkˈstɪŋʃən əv ˌɪnˈvərtəˌbreɪts, əˈveɪləbəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd ənd ˈlɑrʤli ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn θrɛt ˈlɛvəl. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪt ɪz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət 42 əv tərˈɛstriəl ˌɪnˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz, ənd 25 əv ˈspiʃiz əv mərˈin ˌɪnˈvərtəˌbreɪts əˈsɛst ɔn ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈjunjən fər ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən əv ˈneɪʧər (iucn*) rɛd lɪst ər ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɛz θˈrɛtənd wɪθ ɪkˈstɪŋʃən 16 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, frəm ðə pərˈspɛktɪv əv ə ˈjumən ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈmægnəˌtud əv ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz. ə reɪt əv tu ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz pər jɪr dɪz nɑt ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ɪˈnəf ˈpəblɪk kənˈsərn, əˈspɛʃəli bɪˈkəz ˈmɛni əv ðoʊz ˈspiʃiz wər əbˈskjʊr ənd hæd ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈreɪnʤɪz, səʧ ɛz ðə aporus*, ɪkˈstɪŋkt ɪn 2014 ə ˈtaɪni fɪʃ frəm ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ər ðə ˈkrɪsməs ˈaɪlənd murrayi*, ɪkˈstɪŋkt ɪn 2009 ə bæt ðət ˈvænɪʃt frəm ɪts ˈneɪmˌseɪk vɑlˈkænɪk ˈrɛmnənt. ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz ər ˈɑbviəsli ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn ðə lɔŋ rən, bɪˈkəz səʧ ˈlɔsɪz ər ˌɪrɪˈvərsəbəl ənd meɪ hæv proʊˈfaʊnd ˈifɛkts ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm ðə dɪˈpliʃən əv ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃənəl ənd ɛsˈθɛtɪk ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ dɪˈtɪriərˌeɪʃən əv ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ˈfəŋkʃən ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz (e.g*., refs*. ðə strɔŋ ˈfoʊkɪs əˈməŋ ˈsaɪəntɪsts ɔn ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, kənˈveɪz ə ˈkɑmən ˌɪmˈprɛʃən ðət ɪz nɑt drəˈmætɪkəli θˈrɛtənd, ər ɪz ʤɪst sˈloʊli ˈɛnərɪŋ ən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd əv ˈmeɪʤər ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvərsəti lɔs ðət nid nɑt ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt dip kənˈsərn naʊ (e.g*., rɛf. 21 bət si ˈɔlsoʊ refs*. 9 11 22 ðəs, ðɛr maɪt bi səˈfɪʃənt taɪm tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðə dɪˈkeɪ əv ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvərsəti ˈleɪtər, ər tɪ dɪˈvɛləp tɛkˈnɑləʤiz fər ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ðə ˈlætər biɪŋ ən əˈspɛʃəli ˈdeɪnʤərəs mɪsɪmˈprɛʃən (si rɛf. 23 spəˈsɪfɪkli, ðɪs əˈproʊʧ həz lɛd tɪ ðə nɪˈglɛkt əv tu ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə ˈprɛzənt ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd: (aɪ) ðə ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz, wɪʧ ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈɔlˌweɪz prɪˈsidz ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz, ənd (ii*) ðə ˈræpɪd ˈdiˌkris ɪn ˈnəmbərz əv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz wɪˈθɪn səm əv ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz. ə dɪˈteɪld æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə lɔs əv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ənd ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz meɪks ðə ˈprɑbləm məʧ ˈklɪrər ənd mɔr ˈwərisəm, ənd ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ə hoʊl sɛt əv pərˈæmətərz ðət ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈkrɪtɪkəl ɪn kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ˈkraɪsəs. ɪn ðə læst fju ˈdɛkeɪdz, ˈhæbəˌtæt lɔs, overexploitation*, ˌɪnˈveɪsɪv ˈɔrgəˌnɪzəmz, pəˈluʃən, toxification*, ənd mɔr ˈrisəntli ˈklaɪmɪt dɪsˈrəpʃən, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃənz əˈməŋ ðiz ˈfæktərz, hæv lɛd tɪ ðə ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk dɪˈklaɪnz ɪn boʊθ ðə ˈnəmbərz ənd ˈsaɪzɪz əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz əv boʊθ ˈkɑmən ənd rɛr ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈsɛvərəl ˈspiʃiz əv ˈmæməlz ðət wər ˈrɛlətɪvli seɪf wən ər tu ˈdɛkeɪdz əˈgoʊ ər naʊ ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd. ɪn 2016 ðɛr wər ˈoʊnli ˈʧitəz ɪn ɪgˈzɪstəns 29 ənd lɛs ðən ˈbɔrniˌoʊ ənd ˌsuˈmɑtrən ɔˈræŋətɑnz ənd pi. abelli*, rɪˈspɛktɪvli) 28 ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz əv ˈæfrɪkɑn laɪən ˈlioʊ) drɑpt 43 sɪns 1993 30 (ˈmænɪs spp*.) ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz hæv bɪn ˈdɛsəˌmeɪtɪd 31 ənd ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz əv ʤəræfs drɑpt frəm əraʊnd ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz θɔt tɪ bi ɪn 1985 tɪ əraʊnd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ wət ɪz naʊ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd tɪ bi fɔr ˈspiʃiz giraffa*, ʤi. tippelskirchi*, ʤi. reticulata*, ənd ʤi. camelopardalis*) ɪn 2015 32 ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌænˈtɛsədənt tɪ ɑr wərk 25 juzd ðə ˈnəmbər əv ʤəˈnɛtɪk ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz pər ˈjunɪt ˈɛriə ənd ðɛn ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd pəˈtɛnʃəl lɔs ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv dɪˌfɔrɪˈsteɪʃən ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ənd ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp (sɑr). ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz əv ðə juz əv sɑr tɪ ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz, ɑr wərk prəˈvaɪdz ən əˈproʊʧ beɪst ɔn rɪˈdəkʃən əv ˈspiʃiz reɪnʤ ɛz ə ˈprɑksi əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ðə moʊst ˈrisənt ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈplænət ˈɪndɛks (lpi*) həz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf əˈbəndəns ɔn ðə ˈplænət ˈdiˌkrist baɪ ɛz məʧ ɛz 58 bɪtˈwin 1970 ənd 2012 4 ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈstədi ɪz ˈdɪfərənt frəm ənd ˈəðər rɪˈleɪtɪd ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ˈsɛvərəl weɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðət hir wi juz ɔl ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz əv ˈvərtəˌbreɪts əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ˈmæpɪŋ ənd kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˈæbsəˌlut ənd ˈrɛlətɪv ˈnəmbərz əv ˈspiʃiz, ənd ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈlɔsɪz. ˈpriviəs ˈɛstəˌmeɪts sim ˈvælədeɪtəd baɪ ðə ˈdætə wi ˈprɛzənt hir ɔn ðə lɔs əv ˈloʊkəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ənd ðə səˈvɪr ˈdiˌkris ɪn ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən saɪz əv ˈmɛni ˈəðərz (si ˈɔlsoʊ refs*. 3 4 26 hir wi ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə ˈmægnəˌtud əv ˈlɔsɪz əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz əv lænd ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz ɔn ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈsɪstəm əv (ˈmɛθədz). ˈspiʃiz ˈvɛri frəm ˈkɑmən tɪ rɛr, soʊ ðət ɑr æˈnælɪsɪs, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ɔl lænd ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz (æmˈfɪbiənz, bərdz, ˈrɛptaɪlz, ənd ˈmæməlz) dimd ɛz ““decreasing”*” baɪ, prəˈvaɪdz ə ˈbɛtər ˈɛstəˌmeɪt əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈlɔsɪz ðən ˈjuzɪŋ ɪkˈsklusɪvli ˈdætə ɔn ˈspiʃiz æt rɪsk. ˈɑbviəsli, ˈkɑmən ˈspiʃiz ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ər nɑt ˌɔrdəˈnɛrəli ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɛz ˈspiʃiz æt rɪsk. kraɪˈtɪriə prəˈvaɪd kˈwɑntɪˌteɪtɪv θˈrɛˌʃoʊldz fər ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən saɪz, trɛnd, ənd reɪnʤ saɪz, tɪ dɪˈtərmən ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz 28 33 wi ˈɔlsoʊ ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ʃˈrɪŋkɪŋ ˈreɪnʤɪz ənd ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən dɪˈklaɪnz fər 177 ˈspiʃiz əv ˈmæməlz fər wɪʧ ˈdætə ər əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk reɪnʤ ʃˈrɪŋkɪʤ frəm tɪ 2015 wi spəˈsɪfɪkli ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈloʊkəl ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz baɪ æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz: (aɪ) wət ər ðə ˈnəmbərz ənd ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃənz əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ tərˈɛstriəl ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz (i.e*., ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈlɔsɪz)? (ii*) wət ər ðə ˈvərtəˌbreɪt grups ənd ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˈriʤənz ðət hæv ðə haɪəst ˈnəmbərz ənd prəˈpɔrʃənz əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz? (iii*) wət ɪz ðə skeɪl əv ˈloʊkəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən dɪˈklaɪnz ɪn ˈprɑksi fər ˈəðər ˈvərtəˌbreɪts? baɪ æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz, wi kənˈklud ðət ˌænθrəpəˈʤɛnɪk ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz əˈmaʊnt tɪ ə ˈmæsɪv ɪˈroʊʒən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl dɪˈvərsɪti ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ərθ ənd ðət ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈlɔsɪz ənd dɪˈklaɪnz ər əˈspɛʃəli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz əv ˈɔrgəˌnɪzəmz ðət praɪˈmɛrəli səˈplaɪ ðə ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ˈsərvɪsɪz soʊ ˈkrɪtɪkəl tɪ juˈmænɪti æt ˈloʊkəl ənd ˈriʤənəl ˈlɛvəlz. rɪˈzəlts ˈpætərnz əv ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən ɪn ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən lɔs əˈməŋ ˈvərtəˌbreɪts. kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ɔl lænd ˈvərtəˌbreɪts, ɑr ɪkˈsplɪsət æˈnælɪˌsiz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ə ˈmæsɪv pəls əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈlɔsɪz, wɪθ ə ˈgloʊbəl ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk əv ˈspiʃiz dɪˈklaɪnz. ðoʊz æˈnælɪˌsiz səˈpɔrt ðə vju ðət ðə dɪˈkeɪ əv ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈænəməl laɪf ɪz ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˌʤiəˈgræfɪkəli, ˈkrɔsɪz ˈlɪniɪʤɪz, ənd ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˈspiʃiz ˈreɪnʤɪŋ ɪn əˈbəndəns frəm ˈkɑmən tɪ rɛr (fɪgz. ðə ˈlɔsɪz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ər nɑt ˈjunəˌfɔrm: səm ˈriʤənz ɪgˈzɪbɪt haɪər ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz əv ˈspiʃiz wɪθ ˈloʊkəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz ðən ˈəðərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə strɔŋ ˌlætəˈtudənəl ˈsɪgnəl ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ən pik (i.e*., ˈrəfli bɪtˈwin ðə ˈtrɑpɪks əv ˈkænsər ənd ˈkæprəkɔrn) əv ˈnəmbər əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli strɔŋ ɪn ˈmæməlz ənd bərdz, wɪʧ ˈlɑrʤli draɪv ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl lænd ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈpætərn (fɪg. 3 ˈsɛnər). ˈnoʊtəbli, səm pɑrts əv ðə ˈplænət ˈhɑrbər loʊ ˈæbsəˌlut ˈnəmbərz əv ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz ˌəndərˈgoʊɪŋ dɪˈklaɪn (fɪgz. 2 ənd 3 səʧ ɛz ðoʊz ˈɛriəz əv loʊ ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn (ˈnɔrðərnˌmoʊst loʊˈkeɪʃənz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli əv ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈhɛmɪsˌfɪr) ənd (ˈsæhərən ˈæfrɪkɑ ənd ˈsɛntrəl ˈeɪʒə) ˈriʤənz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈstrəktɪv tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn ðɛr ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ prəˈpɔrʃənəl ˈnəmbərz, ən ˈæˌspɛkt wi dɪˈskəs ɪn ˈditeɪl ɪn əˈnəðər ˈsɛkʃən bɪˈloʊ. fɪg. 1 ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ lænd ˈvərtəˌbreɪts, ɛz ɪgˈzɛmpləˌfaɪd wɪθ ðiz fɔr ˈspiʃiz, ˌɪnˈklud wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˈstætəs (e.g*., loʊ kənˈsərn, ˈkrɪtɪkəli ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd), ˈkɑrənt ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk reɪnʤ (e.g*., lɑrʤ, ˈvɛri riˈstrɪktɪd), ənd əˈbəndəns (e.g*., ˈkɑmən, rɛr). ðə ˈdætə ɔn ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˈstætəs, ˈkɑrənt ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk reɪnʤ, ənd əˈbəndəns ər frəm 28 bɑrn sˈwɔloʊ ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkərtəsi əv ˈdænjəl ˈgɑrzə gɑˈlindoʊ (fəˈtɑgrəfər). fɪg. 2 ˈgloʊbəl ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv tərˈɛstriəl ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ 28 (lɛft) ˈgloʊbəl ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs ɛz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd baɪ ˈnəmbər əv ˈspiʃiz ɪn iʧ. (ˈsɛnər) ˈæbsəˌlut ˈnəmbər əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz pər. (raɪt) pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈspiʃiz ðət ər ˈsəfərɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈlɔsɪz ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈtoʊtəl ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs pər. ðə mæps ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ðət ˈriʤənz əv noʊn haɪ ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs ˈhɑrbər lɑrʤ ˈæbsəˌlut ˈnəmbərz əv ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ haɪ ˈlɛvəlz əv dɪˈklaɪn ənd ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən lɔs (ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈɛvədənt ɪn ðə ˈæməˌzɑn, ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈriʤən, ənd ˈeɪʒə), wɛˈræz ðə prəˈpɔrʃən əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz pər ʃoʊz ə strɔŋ ənd ˈsæhərən ˈæfrɪkɑ ˈsɪgnəl. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðɛr ər ˈsɛvərəl ˈsɛnərz əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən dɪˈklaɪn ɪn boʊθ ˈæbsəˌlut ənd ˈrɛlətɪv tərmz (ˈbɔrniˌoʊ, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl). fɪg. 3 ˌlætəˈtudənəl ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs (lɛft), ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz (ˈsɛnər), ənd ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈspiʃiz (raɪt) ðət ər ˈsəfərɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈlɔsɪz ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈtoʊtəl ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs, ɪn iʧ. ˈpætərnz əv ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈlætəˌtud ər ˈsɪmələr ɪn ɔl ˈvərtəˌbreɪts, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr ər mɔr ˈspiʃiz pər ɪn bərdz ənd ˈmæməlz ənd, ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd, ə ˈskɛrsɪti əv ˈrɛptaɪlz ənd æmˈfɪbiənz æt haɪ ˈlætəˌtudz. ðə ˈpætərnz əv ˈnəmbər əv ˈspiʃiz wɪθ ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ˈriʤənz wɪθ haɪ ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs ˈɔlsoʊ hæv haɪ ˈnəmbərz əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz, bət ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs ʃoʊz kənˈtræstɪŋ ˈpætərnz bɪtˈwin ˈmæməlz ənd bərdz kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈrɛptaɪlz ənd æmˈfɪbiənz. ɪn ˈmæməlz ənd bərdz, ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ɪz ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈsɪmələr ɪn ˈriʤənz wɪθ loʊ ənd haɪ ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs. ɪn ˈkɑntræst, ðɛr ər prəˈpɔrʃənəli mɔr ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz əv ˈrɛptaɪlz ənd æmˈfɪbiənz ɪn ˈriʤənz wɪθ loʊ ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs. fɪg. 4 ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ˈklæsəˌfaɪd baɪ ɛz ““endangered”*” (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ endangered,”*,” ““endangered,”*,” ““vulnerable,”*,” ənd ““near-threatened”*”) ər concern”*” (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ concern”*” ənd ““data-deficient”*”) ɪn tərˈɛstriəl ˈvərtəˌbreɪts. ðɪs ˈfɪgjər ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪz ðət ˈivɪn ˈspiʃiz ðət hæv nɑt jɛt bɪn ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɛz ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd (ˈrəfli 30 ɪn ðə keɪs əv ɔl ˈvərtəˌbreɪts) ər dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ. ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪz ɪgˈzæsərˌbeɪtɪd ɪn ðə keɪs əv bərdz, fər wɪʧ kloʊz tɪ 55 əv ðə ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ər stɪl ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɛz concern.”*.” ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz əv ɔl lænd ˈvərtəˌbreɪts ɪn iʧ əv ðə ˈoʊvər lænd ˈsərfəs ˈreɪnʤɪz frəm ə fju tɪ mɔr ðən 365 (fɪg. 2 ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd, lɑrʤ ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz əˈkər ɪn ˈɛriəz əv mɔɪst ˈtrɑpɪkəl ˈfɔrəsts əˈʤeɪsənt tɪ ˈmaʊntənəs ˈriʤənz, səʧ ɛz ðə ˈriʤən, ðə ˈkɑŋgoʊ ˈistərn ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈhaɪləndz, ənd ðə ˈeɪʒən ˈʤəŋgəl bɛlt. ðə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈklæsɪz ˈsɛpərətli rɪˈvilz ˈnoʊtəbəl ˈdɪfərənsɪz. fərst, ðə ˈmæksəməm ˈnəmbər əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ɪn ə ˈvɛriz frəm ə haɪ ˈvælju əv 296 ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ bərdz pər, tɪ ə loʊ ˈmæksəməm əv 60 ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈrɛptaɪlz ɪn ə. ˈsɛkənd, ˈmæməlz ənd bərdz hæv ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈsɪmələr ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ˈpætərnz əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz, ɪkˈsɛpt ðət bərdz hæv mɔr ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ɪn ðə ˈtɛmpərət zoʊnz. θərd, ˈmæməlz ənd bərdz hæv ˈpætərnz əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz kwaɪt dɪˈstɪŋkt frəm ðoʊz əv ˈrɛptaɪlz ənd æmˈfɪbiənz (fɪgz. 2 ənd 3 ˈgɪvɪn ðət ðə ˈlætər ər ˈrɛrər ɪn ðə ˈnɔrðərn ənd ˈsəðərn ˈtɛmpərət ənd ˈriʤənz (boʊθ ər ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈæbsənt frəm ðə ˈɑrtɪk ənd ər ˈmɪsɪŋ frəm ðə æˈnɑrtɪk). fɔrθ, ˈrɛptaɪlz ənd æmˈfɪbiənz ˈklɪrli ˈdɪfər frəm iʧ ˈəðər ɪn ˈriʤənz wɛr ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ər ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðɛr ər mɔr ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈrɛptaɪlz ɪn ðə jʊˈreɪʒɪn ənd ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈkɑntənənts, ənd mɔr ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ æmˈfɪbiənz ɪn ðə əˈmɛrɪkəz. ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ greɪt ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən saɪz ənd ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˈreɪnʤɪz əˈməŋ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈspiʃiz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈækjərət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən saɪz fər moʊst, ˌwəˈtɛvər ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən saɪz ɪn ˈspiʃiz wɪθ ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ˈvɛriz frəm fjuər ðən 100 ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ɪn ˈkrɪtɪkəli ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd ˈspiʃiz səʧ ɛz ðə ˈheɪnən ˈgɪbən hainanus*), tɪ ˈmɛni ˈmɪljənz əv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ɪn ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈkɑmən ˈspiʃiz səʧ ɛz ðə bɑrn sˈwɔloʊ rustica*). ˈsɪmələrli, ðə sˈmɔləst ˈreɪnʤɪz (i.e*., 1 ər sin ɪn ˈspiʃiz səʧ ɛz ðə ˈsiˌditər carrizalensis*) frəm ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlə ənd fɔls ˈkɔrəl sneɪk herrerae*) frəm ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, boʊθ ˈdɛnəzənz əv ˈtaɪni ˈaɪləndz. ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈreɪnʤɪz ər ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv skwɛr ˈkɪləˌmitərz, ɛz ɪn ðə bʊʃ dɔg venaticus*) frəm saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ðə ˈkɑmən ˈlɪzərd vivipara*) frəm jʊˈreɪʒə. ðə səm əv ðə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈreɪnʤɪz əv ðə ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz ɪz. ə ˈhaɪli kənˈsərvətɪv ˈɛstəˌmeɪt wʊd ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ə ˈsɪmələr ˈnəmbər əv ˈloʊkəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ɪkˈstɪŋʃən. ðɪs ɪz, əv kɔrs, ə ˈvɛri rəf ˈɛstəˌmeɪt əv ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz, ɛz ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz əv ə ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ɪn iʧ ˈlɑrʤli dɪˈpɛndz, əˈsaɪd frəm ˈsutəbəl ˈhæbəˌtæt ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən wɪˈθɪn ðə, ɔn ˈænəməl ˈbɑdi mæs ənd pəˈzɪʃən (e.g*., rɛf. 34 ðə əˈsəmpʃən əv wən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən pər maɪt sim ˈvɛri kənˈsərvətɪv, ɛz ðɪs ˈɛriə kʊd əˈkɑməˌdeɪt ˈmɛni ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz əv smɔl ˈænəməlz (e.g*., ˈroʊdənts), moʊst əv wɪʧ kʊd hæv bɪn ˈɛkstərˌpeɪtəd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, meɪ nɑt bi səˈfɪʃənt fər, ər kən ˈbɛrli əˈkɑməˌdeɪt ə ˈvaɪəbəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv lɑrʤ ˈkɑrnəˌvɔrz (seɪ ə saɪˈbɪriən ˈtaɪgər; rɛf. 34 ˌnənðəˈlɛs, ɑr rɪˈzəlts prəˈvaɪd ˈɛvədəns əv ðə ɪkˈstrimli lɑrʤ ˈnəmbərz əv ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ɪkˈstɪŋʃən, kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈspiʃiz. prəˈpɔrʃən əv ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ. ðə prəˈpɔrʃən əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈvərtəˌbreɪts ʃoʊz ðət ðɛr ər ˈɛriəz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈplænət wɪθ haɪ ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ɪn ɔl ˈvərtəˌbreɪts ənd ˈriʤənz wɪθ haɪ prəˈpɔrʃənz əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz əv ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr grup (fɪgz. 2 3 ənd 5 fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪn ˈmæməlz, ðə haɪəst pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ɪz ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd ɪn ˈtrɑpɪkəl ˈriʤənz, ˈmoʊstli ɪn ðə ənd ˌsaʊˈθist ˈeɪʒə, wɛˈræz ɪn ˈrɛptaɪlz, ðə prəˈpɔrʃənəl dɪˈklaɪn ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪts ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪkˈsklusɪvli ɪn ˌmædəˈgæskər. ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ æmˈfɪbiənz ər ˈprɑmənənt ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, ˈsɛntrəl əˈmɛrɪkə, ðə ˈnɔrðərn ˈændiz, ənd əˈtlæntɪk ˈfɔrɪst ɪn ðə əˈmɛrɪkəz; wɛst ˈæfrɪkɑ ənd ˌmædəˈgæskər ɪn ˈæfrɪkɑ; ənd ˈɪndiə ənd ˌsaʊˈθist ˈeɪʒə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ənd ˈfɪləˌpinz ɪn ˈeɪʒə. ˈfaɪnəli, ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz əv bərdz ər faʊnd ˈoʊvər lɑrʤ ˈriʤənz əv ɔl ˈkɑntənənts (fɪg. 2 fɪg. 5 ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈspiʃiz əv lænd ˈmæməlz frəm faɪv ˈmeɪʤər ənd ðə ɪnˈtaɪər gloʊb ˌəndərˈgoʊɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt dɪˈgriz (ɪn pərˈsɛnɪʤ) əv dɪˈklaɪn ɪn ðə ˈpɪriəd kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ˈsæmpəld ˈspiʃiz ˈgloʊbəli, 56 əv ðɛm hæv lɔst mɔr ðən 60 əv ðɛr reɪnʤ, ə ˈpætərn ðət ɪz ˈʤɛnərəli kənˈsɪstənt ɪn ˈæfrɪkɑ, ˈeɪʒə, ɔˈstreɪljə, ənd ˈjʊrəp, wɛˈræz ɪn saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə ənd nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə, əv ðə ˈspiʃiz hæv ɪkˈspɪriənst reɪnʤ kənˈtrækʃənz əv ˈoʊnli 20 ər lɛs. (si tɛkst fər ˈditeɪlz.) ˈrəfli ə θərd əv ɔl lænd ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz ɪgˈzæmənd ər ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ dɪˈklaɪnz ənd ˈloʊkəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈlɔsɪz əv ə kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈmægnəˌtud (fɪgz. səʧ prəˈpɔrʃən əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ˈvɛriz, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə grup, frəm 30 ər mɔr ɪn ðə keɪs əv ˈmæməlz, bərdz, ənd ˈrɛptaɪlz, tɪ 15 ɪn ðə keɪs əv æmˈfɪbiənz. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, əv ðə ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz, ˈmɛni ər naʊ kənˈsɪdərd ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd (fɪg. 4 bɪɔnd ðət, ˈrəfli 30 əv ɔl ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ər stɪl səˈfɪʃəntli ˈkɑmən ðət ðeɪ ər kənˈsɪdərd əv concern”*” baɪ, ˈrəðər ðən ““endangered.”*.” ðət soʊ ˈmɛni ˈkɑmən ˈspiʃiz ər ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ɪz ə strɔŋ saɪn əv ðə ˈsɪriəsnəs əv ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd. ɪn ɑr, ðə prəˈpɔrʃən əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ˈreɪnʤɪz frəm lɛs ðən 10 tɪ mɔr ðən 50 (fɪg. 2 ðə ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃənz əv ˈæbsəˌlut (i.e*., ˈnəmbər) ənd ˈrɛlətɪv (i.e*., pərˈsɛnɪʤ) əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ɪz kənˈtræstɪŋ. wɛˈræz ˈtrɑpɪkəl ˈriʤənz hæv ˈlɑrʤər ˈnəmbərz əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz, ɛz ɪkˈspɛktɪd, ˈgɪvɪn ðɛr haɪər ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs, ðɛr ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ prəˈpɔrʃənz ər ˈrɛlətɪvli loʊ. ɪn ˈkɑntræst, ˈtɛmpərət ˈriʤənz tɛnd tɪ hæv ˈsɪmələr ər haɪər prəˈpɔrʃənz əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz, ə trɛnd drəˈmætɪkəli ˈprɑmənənt ɪn ðə keɪs əv ˈrɛptaɪlz. ˈloʊkəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz ɪn ˈmæməlz. ɑr moʊst dɪˈteɪld ˈdætə əˈlaʊ kəmˈpɛrəsən əv hɪˈstɔrɪk ənd ˈprɛzənt ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk reɪnʤ əv ə ˈsæmpəl əv 177 ˈmæməl ˈspiʃiz (fɪgz. 5 ənd 6 moʊst əv ðə 177 ˈmæməl ˈspiʃiz wi ˈsæmpəld hæv lɔst mɔr ðən 40 əv ðɛr ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˈreɪnʤɪz ɪn hɪˈstɔrɪk taɪmz, ənd ˈɔlˌmoʊst hæf hæv lɔst mɔr ðən 80 əv ðɛr ˈreɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə ˈpɪriəd æt ðə ˌkɑntəˈnɛnəl ənd ˈlɛvəl, səm ˈpætərnz bɪˈkəm ˈɛvədənt (fɪg. 5 ðə prɪˈdɑmənənt ˈkætəˌgɔri əv reɪnʤ kənˈtrækʃən ɪz ɪn ˈæfrɪkɑ 56 əv ðə ˈsæmpəld ˈmæməl ˈspiʃiz), ˈeɪʒə 75 əv ðə ˈspiʃiz), ɔˈstreɪljə 60 əv ðə ˈspiʃiz), ənd ˈjʊrəp 40 əv ðə ˈspiʃiz). ɪn ðə əˈmɛrɪkəz, reɪnʤ kənˈtrækʃənz ər lɛs mɑrkt bət stɪl kənˈsɪdərəbəl: 22 əv ðə ˈspiʃiz ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə ənd 17 əv ðə ˈspiʃiz ɪn saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə hæv ɪkˈspɪriənst reɪnʤ kənˈtrækʃənz əv æt list 80 ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, 50 əv ðə ˈspiʃiz ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə ənd 28 əv ðə ˈspiʃiz ɪn saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə hæv ɪkˈspɪriənst ə reɪnʤ kənˈtrækʃən əv 41 ər mɔr. fɪg. 6 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈloʊkəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪn 177 ˈspiʃiz əv ˈmæməlz ɪn, ɛz ən ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən əv ðə sɪˈvɛrɪti əv ðə mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ˈkraɪsiz. ðə mæps wər ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd baɪ kəmˈpɛrɪŋ hɪˈstɔrɪk ənd ˈkɑrənt ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˈreɪnʤɪz 49 (si əˈpɛndɪks, si ˈmɛθədz). noʊt ðət lɑrʤ ˈriʤənz ɪn ɔl ˈkɑntənənts hæv lɔst 50 ər mɔr əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz əv ðə ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtəd ˈmæməlz. bɪˈkəz əv ðə smɔl ˈsæmpəl saɪz, baɪəst tɪ lɑrʤ ˈmæməl ˈspiʃiz, ðɪs ˈfɪgjər kən ˈoʊnli bi juzd tɪ ˈvɪʒwəˌlaɪz ˈlaɪkli trɛnz ɪn ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈlɔsɪz. ðə kəmˈpɛrəsən əv ðə ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˈreɪnʤɪz ʃoʊd ðət ðə 177 ˈspiʃiz əv ˈmæməlz hæv ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd frəm grɪd sɛlz. ɔn ðə əˈsəmpʃən ðət ɔn ˈævərɪʤ iʧ əv ðə ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd hɛld ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ðə ˈspiʃiz faʊnd wɪˈθɪn ɪt, ðɪs ˌɪmˈplaɪz ðət ˈrəfli ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz əv ðə 177 ˈmæməlz wi ɪgˈzæmənd hæv gɔn ɪkˈstɪŋkt. kənˈsɪdər ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˌɛmbləˈmætɪk ˈkeɪsɪz: ðə laɪən ˈlioʊ) wɑz hɪˈstɔrɪkəli dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˈoʊvər moʊst əv ˈæfrɪkɑ, ˈsəðərn ˈjʊrəp, ənd ðə ˈmɪdəl ist, ɔl ðə weɪ tɪ ˌnɔrθˈwɛstərn ˈɪndiə (si əˈpɛndɪks, fɪg. ɪt ɪz naʊ kənˈfaɪnd tɪ ˈskætərd ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ɪn ˈæfrɪkɑ ənd ə ˈrɛmnənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈfɔrɪst əv ˈɪndiə. ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv laɪən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ər gɔn. ɪn ɪts ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈstrɔŋˌhoʊld, ɪt hɪˈstɔrɪkəli ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd ˈrəfli tu ˈθaʊzənd sɛlz, ənd naʊ ɪt ɪz rɪˈdust tɪ səm 600 sɛlz. ˈəðər ˈspiʃiz, səʧ ɛz ðə ˈmaʊntən laɪən (ˈpumə concolor*), ər noʊn tɪ bi duɪŋ ˈbɛtər. ðə ˈmaʊntən laɪən həz lɔst səm əv ɪts ˈloʊkəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə, bət həz nɑt ˈsəfərd səʧ dɪˈzæstrəs ˈlɔsɪz ɛz ɪts oʊld wərld ˈrɛlətɪv, əˈdæptɪŋ ˈrɛlətɪvli wɛl tɪ ˈlænˌskeɪps, ənd ɪt ɪz stɪl faʊnd əˈkrɔs 85 əv ɪts hɪˈstɔrɪk reɪnʤ. ˈklɪrli, ðə ɪkˈstɪŋʃən əv ˈmæməl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈvɛriɪŋ frəm ˈspiʃiz tɪ ˈspiʃiz, həz bɪn ə ˈgloʊbəl fəˈnɑməˌnɑn (fɪg. 6 ˈstraɪkɪŋli, ðə prɪˈdɑmənənt ˈkələr koʊd ɪn ðə məˈmeɪljən mæp ɪz ðət əv 70 ər mɔr əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈlɔsɪz, wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv səm ˈɛriəz əv saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə ənd haɪ ˈlætəˌtudz əv nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə. ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli hɑrd hɪt hæv bɪn ðə ˈmæməlz əv saʊθ ənd ˌsaʊˈθist ˈeɪʒə, wɛr ɔl əv ðə ˈspiʃiz əv ˈmæməlz ˈænəˌlaɪzd hæv lɔst mɔr ðən 80 əv ðɛr ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˈreɪnʤɪz. ðə keɪp ənd səˈhɛrə ˈriʤənz ɪn ˈæfrɪkɑ, ˈsɛntrəl ɔˈstreɪljə, ðə ˈistərn juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ənd ðə əˈtlæntɪk ˈfɔrɪst ɪn saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsəfərd səˈvɪrli frəm ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz. dɪˈskəʃən ɪt həz ˈrisəntli bɪn ʃoʊn, ˈjuzɪŋ kənˈsərvətɪv ˈɛstəˌmeɪts əv ˈkɑrənt ənd ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃən reɪts, ðət ərθ ɪz naʊ ɪn ə ˈpɪriəd əv mæs ˈgloʊbəl ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃən fər ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈænəməlz 11 bət ðə tru ɪkˈstɛnt əv ðɪs mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən həz bɪn ˈəndərˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd, bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈɛmfəsɪs ɔn ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃən. ðɪs ˈəndərˈɛstəˌmeɪt ˈlɑrʤli ˈtreɪsɪz tɪ ˈoʊvərˌlʊkɪŋ ðə ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪkˈstɪŋʃən əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz. wɛˈræz ˈsaɪəntɪsts hæv noʊn fər ə lɔŋ taɪm ðət ˈsɛvərəl ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈspiʃiz hæv ˌəndərˈgɔn ˈmeɪʤər kənˈtrækʃən əv ðɛr ˈreɪnʤɪz, ɪkˈspɪriənst kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈdiˌkrisɪz, ənd ˈsəfərd ˈmɛni ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz, ðə ˈgloʊbəl ɪkˈstɛnt əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ʃˈrɪŋkɪʤ ənd həz ˈpriviəsli nɑt bɪn ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ənd kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪd. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, səm ˈstədiz ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ðət ˌɪnˈvərtəˌbreɪts ənd plænts ər ˈsəfərɪŋ ˈmæsɪv ˈlɔsɪz əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ənd ˈspiʃiz hir wi ɪkˈstɛnd ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əv mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən tɪ tərˈɛstriəl ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈdiˌkrisɪz ənd ˈlɔsɪz, ənd gɪv ˈɛstəˌmeɪts əv ðə ˈnəmbər əv ðɛr ˈspiʃiz wɪθ ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz. ðə ˈækjərəsi əv ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ɪz ˈstrɔŋli dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn ən ənˈnoʊn pərˈæmətər, ˈneɪmli, ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈævərɪʤ ˈɛriə ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd baɪ ə ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən (e.g*., refs*. 35 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈivɪn ɪf ə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən wʊd, ɔn ˈævərɪʤ, ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ ən ˈɛriə faɪv taɪmz ˈlɑrʤər ðən wət wi hæv juzd hir (i.e*., ðɛr wʊd stɪl bi ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ðət hæv ˈsəfərd ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪn ðə pæst fju ˈsɛnʧəriz. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, moʊst ˈvərtəˌbreɪts ər smɔl ˈspiʃiz əv ˈmæməlz, bərdz, ˈrɛptaɪlz, ənd æmˈfɪbiənz. ɪf, ɔn ˈævərɪʤ, ðeɪ hæv wən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈɛvəri 10 ðɛn ˈvərtəˌbreɪts wʊd hæv ˈsəfərd mɔr ðən ə ˈbɪljən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz. ɑr rɪˈzəlts ʃoʊ ðət ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪn lænd ˈvərtəˌbreɪts ɪz ˌʤiəˈgræfɪkəli ˌɑmnɪˈprɛzənt, bət wɪθ ˈnoʊtəbəl ˈprɑmənəns ɪn ˈtrɑpɪkəl, ˈriʤənz. ɪt ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət wɪn ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz ər ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtəd ɛz ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈtoʊtəl ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs, ˈtɛmpərət ˈriʤənz, wɪθ ðɛr ˈtɪpɪkəl loʊ ˈspiʃiz dɪˈvərsɪti, ʃoʊ haɪər prəˈpɔrʃənz əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən lɔs. ðɛr ər səm ˌɪˈləstrətɪv kˈwɑləˌteɪtɪv ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈdiˌkrisɪz ənd ðɛr ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz wɪˈθɪn tərˈɛstriəl ənd mərˈin ˈvərtəˌbreɪts, bət ɑrz ɪz ən əˈtɛmpt æt ə kˈwɑntɪˌteɪtɪv ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən əv ˈgloʊbəl trɛnz ɪn ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz. ˈrisənt rəvˈjuz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz, ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈdiˌkrisɪz, ənd reɪnʤ kənˈtrækʃən (ˌɪmˈplaɪɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz) əˈməŋ tərˈɛstriəl ˌɪnˈvərtəˌbreɪts ənd plænts ər ɛz səˈvɪr ɛz əˈməŋ ˈvərtəˌbreɪts (e.g*., refs*. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈmɑnətərɪŋ əv ˈɪnˌsɛkt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm ʃoʊz ðət əv ˈspiʃiz pər ˈɔrdər hæv ˈkɑntræktɪŋ ˈreɪnʤɪz 36 ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn plænts həz bɪn lɛs ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtəd; ðəs ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ kəmˈpɛr ðɛm wɪθ ˈænəməlz, bət ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl ˈrizən tɪ bɪˈliv ðət ðə ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn plænts ɪz drəˈmætɪkəli ˈdɪfərənt 37 ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ˈrisərʧ ʃoʊz ðət ðə lɔs əv ˈænəməl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ˌɪndərˈɛkˌtli lidz tɪ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn plænt kəmˈjunɪtiz 20 37 39 ˈfrikwɛntli ˈkɔzɪŋ ðə rɪˈdəkʃən əv ˈloʊkəl ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs ənd ˈdɑmənəns əv ə fju plænt ðət ˈiðər ɪkˈspɪriəns release”*” ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈərbɪˌvɔr ˈprɛʃərz 42 43 ɪkˈspɪriəns ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən rɪˈdəkʃənz du tɪ ðə dɪˈklaɪn əv ˈænəməlz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˌpɑləˈneɪʃən ər dɪˈspərsəl (e.g*., refs*. 20 ðə ˈstætəs əv ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvərsəti əˈməŋ ˌmaɪkroʊˈɔrgəˌnɪzəmz ɪz tu ˈpurli noʊn tɪ ˈpərˌmɪt ˈjuˈɛs tɪ meɪk ˈɛni kəmˈpɛrəsən ənd ˌʤɛnərələˈzeɪʃənz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkɑrənt pəls əv ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ səm ˈrisənt ˈrisərʧ həz ənˈrævəld bɪtˈwin ˈloʊkəl lɑrʤ ˈərbɪˌvɔr ənd ˈrɪʧnəs 44 45 ˈgɪvɪn wət wi noʊ əˈbaʊt ʤəˈnɛtɪk ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˌdɪfərˌɛnʧiˈeɪʃən, ɪt ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd ðət ðə reɪnʤ kənˈtrækʃənz ənd dɪˈklaɪnz wi ˈdɑkjəmɛnt hir ˌɪmˈplaɪ ə kənˈsɪdərəbəl lɔs əv ˌɪntrəspəˈsɪfək ʤəˈnɛtɪk dɪˈvərsɪti 23 bət ðɪs ɪz, ˈklɪrli, ən ˈæˌspɛkt ðət ˈwɔrənts ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ɪn səm, baɪ ˈluzɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz (ənd ˈspiʃiz) əv ˈvərtəˌbreɪts, wi ər ˈluzɪŋ ˈɪntrəkət ɛkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈnɛtˌwərks ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈænəməlz, plænts, ənd ˌmaɪkroʊˈɔrgəˌnɪzəmz (e.g*., refs*. 2 8 18 45 46 wi ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈluzɪŋ pulz əv ʤəˈnɛtɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət meɪ pruv ˈvaɪtəl tɪ species’*’ ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri əˈʤəstmənt ənd sərˈvaɪvəl ɪn ə ˈræpədli ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˈgloʊbəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ðɪs səˈʤɛsts ðət, ˈivɪn ɪf ðɛr wɑz nɑt ˈæmpəl saɪn ðət ðə ˈkraɪsəs ɪkˈstɛndz fɑr bɪɔnd ðət grup əv ˈænəməlz, ˈplænəˌtɛri əv ˈvərtəˌbreɪts wɪl ˌɪtˈsɛlf prəˈmoʊt kæˈskeɪdɪŋ ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˈifɛkts ɔn ˈikoʊˌsɪstəmz, ˈwərsənɪŋ ðə əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃən əv ˈneɪʧər 2 3 46 ðəs, waɪl ðə ˈbaɪoʊsˌfɪr ɪz ˌəndərˈgoʊɪŋ mæs ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃən 11 ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ biɪŋ ˈrævɪʤd baɪ ə məʧ mɔr ˈsɪriəs ənd ˈræpɪd weɪv əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən dɪˈklaɪnz ənd ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz. ɪn ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən, ðiz əˈsɔlts ər ˈkɔzɪŋ ə væst rɪˈdəkʃən əv ðə ˈfɔnə ənd ˈflɔrə əv ɑr ˈplænət. ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃən ˈɑbviəsli wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈsɪriəs ɛkəˈlɑʤɪkəl, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz 46 juˈmænɪti wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli peɪ ə ˈvɛri haɪ praɪs fər ðə ˈdɛsəˌmeɪʃən əv ðə ˈoʊnli əˈsɛmblɪʤ əv laɪf ðət wi noʊ əv ɪn ðə ˈjunəˌvərs. kənˈkluʒən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz təˈdeɪ ər ˈɔrdərz əv ˈmægnəˌtud mɔr ˈfrikˌwɛnt ðən ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz. ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ər ə ˈpreɪˌlud tɪ ˈspiʃiz ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz, soʊ sɪksθ mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd həz prəˈsidəd ˈfərðər ðən moʊst əˈsum. ðə ˈmæsɪv lɔs əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ðə ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈikoʊˌsɪstəmz prəˈvaɪd tɪ ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən. wɪn kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðɪs ˈfraɪtənɪŋ əˈsɔlt ɔn ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃənz əv ˈjumən ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən, wən məst ˈnɛvər fərˈgɛt ðət kəˈpæsɪti tɪ səˈpɔrt laɪf, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈjumən laɪf, həz bɪn ʃeɪpt baɪ laɪf ˌɪtˈsɛlf 47 wɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈmɛnʃən ɪz meɪd əv ðə ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ˈkraɪsəs, ɪt ˈjuʒəwəli ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn ə fju ˈænəməl ˈspiʃiz (ˈhənərdz aʊt əv ˈmɪljənz) noʊn tɪ hæv gɔn ɪkˈstɪŋkt, ənd prɑˈʤɛktɪŋ ˈmɛni mɔr ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. bət ə glæns æt ɑr mæps ˈprɛzənts ə məʧ mɔr ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ˈpɪkʧər: ðeɪ səˈʤɛst ðət ɛz məʧ ɛz 50 əv ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈænəməl ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ðət wəns ʃɛrd ərθ wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs ər ɔˈrɛdi gɔn, ɛz ər ˈbɪljənz əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ɑr æˈnælɪsɪs ɪz kənˈsərvətɪv, ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ əv ðə ˈdraɪvərz əv ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ənd ðɛr ˌsɪnərˈʤɪstɪk ˈifɛkts. fˈjuʧər ˈlɔsɪz ˈizəli meɪ əˈmaʊnt tɪ ə ˈfərðər ˈræpɪd əv ðə gloʊb ənd ˈkɑmprəbəl ˈlɔsɪz ɪn ðə dɪˈvərsɪti əv plænts 36 ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈloʊkəl (ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈgloʊbəl) əv plænts 3 20 ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd əv ðɪs ˈræpɪd laɪz ɪn ðə ˈprɑksəmət ˈkɔzɪz əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz: ˈhæbəˌtæt kənˈvərʒən, ˈklaɪmɪt dɪsˈrəpʃən, overexploitation*, toxification*, ˈspiʃiz ˌɪnˈveɪʒənz, dɪˈziz, ənd (pəˈtɛnʃəli) ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl ˈnukliər taɪd tɪ wən əˈnəðər ɪn ˈkɑmplɛks ˈpætərnz ənd ˈjuʒəwəli ˌriɪnˈfɔrsɪŋ iʧ ˌɪmˈpækts. məʧ lɛs ˈfrikwɛntli ˈmɛnʃənd ər, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈəltəmət ˈdraɪvərz əv ðoʊz ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈkɔzɪz əv dɪˈstrəkʃən, ˈneɪmli, ˈjumən ˌoʊvərˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ənd kənˈtɪnjud ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən groʊθ, ənd ˈoʊvərkənˌsəmpʃən, əˈspɛʃəli baɪ ðə rɪʧ. ðiz ˈdraɪvərz, ɔl əv wɪʧ treɪs tɪ ðə ˈfɪkʃən ðət pərˈpɛʧuəl groʊθ kən əˈkər ɔn ə ˈfaɪˌnaɪt ˈplænət, ər ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈræpədli. ðəs, wi ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz ðət ðə sɪksθ mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪz ɔˈrɛdi hir ənd ðə ˈwɪndoʊ fər ˈifɛktɪv ˈækʃən ɪz ˈvɛri ʃɔrt, ˈprɑbəˌbli tu ər θri ˈdɛkeɪdz æt moʊst 11 48 ɔl saɪnz pɔɪnt tɪ ˈɛvər mɔr ˈpaʊərfəl əˈsɔlts ɔn ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvərsəti ɪn ðə nɛkst tu ˈdɛkeɪdz, ˈpeɪnɪŋ ə ˈdɪzməl ˈpɪkʧər əv ðə fˈjuʧər əv laɪf, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈjumən laɪf. ˈmɛθədz fər fʊl ˈmɛθədz, pliz si si əˈpɛndɪks. wi dɪˈtərmənd ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə 28 rɛd lɪst əv θˈrɛtənd ˈspiʃiz. ɪn ðə, ˈspiʃiz ər ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɛz ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ, ˈsteɪbəl, ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ (si ˈɔlsoʊ rɛf. 33 ˈiðər reɪnʤ kənˈtrækʃən (ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃən) ər rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn ˈnəmbərz ɪn ˈɛkstənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz dɪˈtərmənz ˈwɛðər ə ˈspiʃiz ɪz ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ. wi juzd ðə mæps əv tərˈɛstriəl ˈvərtəˌbreɪts (i.e*., ˈmæməlz, bərdz, ˈrɛptaɪlz, ənd æmˈfɪbiənz) tɪ kriˈeɪt ðə ˈgloʊbəl mæps əv ˈnəmbər əv ˈspiʃiz (ˈrɪʧnəs) ənd əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz, ənd pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈspiʃiz ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈtoʊtəl ˈspiʃiz ˈrɪʧnəs. ðə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ɔl əv ðə ˈspiʃiz wɑz ˌsupərəmˈpoʊzd ɪn ə grɪd əv ˈkəvərɪŋ ðə ˌkɑntəˈnɛnəl lændz. fər ðə grɪd, ə ˈlæmbərt prɑˈʤɛkʃən wɑz juzd (si rɛf. 49 fər ˈditeɪlz əv ðə prɑˈʤɛkʃən ˈmɛθədz). ɪn ɑr æˈnælɪˌsiz ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈɪʃu ɪz haʊ grɪd skwɛrz ənd ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ˌkɔrəˈspɑnd. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈprɑbləm ðət ˈvɛriz wɪθ ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃənz əv ˈspiʃiz. (ɪn ðɪs ˈpeɪpər, wi stɪk wɪθ ðə ˈklæsɪk ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv ˈspiʃiz.) ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈvɛriz frəm ˈspiʃiz tɪ ˈspiʃiz; fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ə ˈhaɪli ˈspiʃiz wʊd hæv mɔr ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz pər skwɛr ðən ə ˈvɛri ˈspiʃiz, ənd ˈspiʃiz wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt ˈmeɪtɪŋ ˈsɪstəmz wʊd hæv ˈdɪfərənt ˈɛstəˌmeɪts əv ˈnəmbərz əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz, ənd ðiz wʊd nɑt bi ðə seɪm ɛz ˈɛstəˌmeɪts əv ˈnəmbər əv ˌdɛməˈgræfɪk ˈjunɪts 50 fər ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðə əˌnaɪəˈleɪʃən, ðiz ˈdɪfərənsɪz ər nɑt ˈkrɪtɪkəl. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪf wi hæv lɔst 90 əv ðə ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk reɪnʤ, ˈwɛðər ðɪs əˈmaʊnts tɪ ˌdɛməˈgræfɪk ˈjunɪts ər ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ɪz ˈtrɪviəl ɪn ðə ˈprɛzənt ˈkɑntɛkst. ɪt wʊd bi ɪkˈstrimli ˈjusfəl ɪf wi hæd məʧ mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈstrəkʧər fər ɔl ˈvərtəˌbreɪts, bət ðɪs ɪz ə ˈmeɪʤər, ˈpɛndɪŋ əˈʤɛndə. ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪkˈstɪŋʃən æˈnælɪsɪs wɑz kənˈdəktəd ɔn 177 məˈmeɪljən ˈspiʃiz əˈkərɪŋ ɔn faɪv ˈkɑntənənts. spəˈsɪfɪkli, wi ˈænəˌlaɪzd 54 ˈspiʃiz ɪn ˈæfrɪkɑ, 14 ɪn ˈeɪʒə, 57 ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, 15 ɪn ˈjʊrəp, ənd 35 ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən wɑz ˈgæðərd frəm ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ˈlɪtərəʧər (si ˈditeɪlz ɪn rɛf. 26 ənd ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən frəm 28 hɪˈstɔrɪk ənd ˈkɑrənt ˈreɪnʤɪz wər ˈdɪʤəˌtaɪzd ɛz ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm ənd ɪˈlæbəreɪtəd ɪn 51 fər iʧ ˈspiʃiz, wi ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd ðə ˈɛriə əv ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ənd ˈprɛzənt ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən (ɪn skwɛr ˈkɪləˌmitərz) tɪ ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv lɔst ˈɛriə ənd ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈɛriə wɛr ðə ˈspiʃiz ər ˈɛkstənt. ə ˈkeɪviˌæt əv ðiz ˈɛstəˌmeɪts rɪˈgɑrdz haʊ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ðə ˈsæmpəl əv 177 ˈspiʃiz ɪz. wi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ə baɪəs ɪn ðət ðə ˈdætə ˌɪnˈklud ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv ˈmidiəm- ənd ˈspiʃiz, fər wɪʧ ðə bɛst ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz əˈveɪləbəl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈgɪvɪn ðət səʧ ˈmidiəm ənd lɑrʤ ˈspiʃiz ər ðə moʊst ˈsɪriəsli θˈrɛtənd baɪ ðə prɪˈdɑmənənt ˈprɑksəmət ˈdraɪvərz əv 2 3 ðə ˈlaɪkli baɪəs əˈgɛnst ˈspiʃiz ʃʊd nɑt əˈfɛkt ɑr ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv rɪˈzəlts. wi θæŋk ʤɑn hɑrt fər ˈvɛri ˈhɛlpfəl ˈkɑmɛnts ɔn ðə ˈmænjəˌskrɪpt ənd noé*é ˈtɔˌrɛz, sɑnˈtuli, ənd pəˈʧɛkoʊ fər ðɛr hɛlp wɪθ ˈdætə æˈnælɪˌsiz. ðə ˌneɪˈsiənəl də ənd ˈstænfərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti səˈpɔrtɪd ɑr wərk. ˈfʊtˌnoʊts ˈɔθər ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz: g.c*., p.r.e*., ənd r.d*. dɪˈzaɪnd ˈrisərʧ; g.c*. ənd p.r.e*. pərˈfɔrmd ˈrisərʧ; g.c*., p.r.e*., ənd r.d*. kənˈtrɪbjutɪd nu tulz; g.c*. ˈænəˌlaɪzd ˈdætə; ənd g.c*., p.r.e*., ənd r.d*. roʊt ðə ˈpeɪpər. rivˈjuərz: t.e.l*., ʤɔrʤ ˈmeɪsən ˌjunəˈvərsəti; ənd p.h.r*., məˈzʊri bəˈtænɪkəl ˈgɑrdən. ðə ˈɔθərz dɪˈklɛr noʊ ˈkɑnflɪkt əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst. ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl kənˈteɪnz səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1704949114/-/dcsupplemental*. ˈfrili əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn θru ðə ˈoʊpən ˈækˌsɛs ˈɔpʃən.
|
the cretaceous beds of patagonia have yielded the most comprehensive record of cretaceous from southern hemisphere, which includes at least five main lineages:,,,, and unenlagiidae. these record facilitates the understanding of the origin, evolution, and radiation of from gondwana. the first remains of dinosaurs were found near city by an officer army in 1882 and were sent to florentino ameghino, the “founder father” of argentinian paleontology.
by the end of the 1880s, santiago roth collected some dinosaur remains from and sent them to richard and arthur smith woodward. in 1901, a. smith woodward described, based on fragmentary skull bones, including portions of both maxillas, premaxillae, parts of the supradentaries, and some teeth. remained as the most completely known from south american until the 1970s. in 2004, o. concluded that is more closely related to than the more derived abelisaurs.
the reached a great diversity and their fossils have been recovered in argentina, brasil, madagascar, india, morocco, and france. the group has been divided in two main branches: the which includes the, and the which comprises medium to animals, like the popular sastrei.
the group exhibits strongly reduced forelimbs and hands, stouts, with a proportionally robust and short femur and tibia. it has been suggested that from the to the maastrichtian, most south american may have been isolated from other relatives.
the includes the largest land predators in the early and middle cretaceous of gondwana, like the popular, carolinii. the group evolved large skulls surpassing the length of the largest skull of tyrannosaurus rex. another common trait is the fusion of cranial bones.
the is also a diverse. argentina is a very basal, medium sized with elongate and gracile bones. another basal is darwini.
megaraptora is a represented by megaraptor, and aerosteon. it has been suggested thatns were basals that shared the role of top predators with and carcharodontosauroids.
the is a group of highly derived. the group exhibits, among other features, a lightly built skull bearing numerous small teeth restricted to the anterior portion of the snout, robust humerus with a projected inner tubercle, a robust and a hand with very robust digit i carrying a large and stout claw, and sternum.
south american are included within the unenlagiidae: gonzalezorum, comahuensis, and cabazai, all recovered from the upper cretaceous of patagonia, argentina.
the fossil record shows that the patterns observed in gondwana at the late cretaceous differ from the records from laurasia, but both show a common pattern during times.
references:
novas, f.e., et al., evolution of the carnivorous dinosaurs during the cretaceous: the evidence from patagonia, cretaceous research (2013),
advertisements
|
ðə krɪˈteɪʃɪs bɛdz əv ˌpætəˈgoʊniə hæv ˈjildɪd ðə moʊst ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈrɛkərd əv krɪˈteɪʃɪs frəm ˈsəðərn ˈhɛmɪsˌfɪr, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz æt list faɪv meɪn ˈlɪniɪʤɪz:,,,, ənd unenlagiidae*. ðiz ˈrɛkərd fəˈsɪləˌteɪts ðə ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə ˈɔrəʤən, ˌɛvəˈluʃən, ənd ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən əv frəm ˌgɑndˈwɑˌnɑ. ðə fərst rɪˈmeɪnz əv ˈdaɪnəˌsɔrz wər faʊnd nɪr ˈsɪti baɪ ən ˈɔfɪsər ˈɑrmi ɪn 1882 ənd wər sɛnt tɪ flɔrɛnˈtinoʊ ameghino*, ðə father”*” əv ˌɑrʤənˈtɪniən ˌpeɪliənˈtɑləʤi. baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðə 1880s*, ˌsæntiˈɑgoʊ rɔθ kəˈlɛktəd səm ˈdaɪnəˌsɔr rɪˈmeɪnz frəm ənd sɛnt ðɛm tɪ ˈrɪʧərd ənd ˈɑrθər smɪθ ˈwʊdˌwɔrd. ɪn 1901 ə. smɪθ ˈwʊdˌwɔrd dɪˈskraɪbd, beɪst ɔn ˈfrægmənˌtɛri skəl boʊnz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈpɔrʃənz əv boʊθ maxillas*, premaxillae*, pɑrts əv ðə supradentaries*, ənd səm tiθ. rɪˈmeɪnd ɛz ðə moʊst kəmˈplitli noʊn frəm saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkən ənˈtɪl ðə 1970s*. ɪn 2004 oʊ. kənˈkludɪd ðət ɪz mɔr ˈkloʊsli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðən ðə mɔr dəraɪvd abelisaurs*. ðə riʧt ə greɪt dɪˈvərsɪti ənd ðɛr ˈfɑsəlz hæv bɪn rɪˈkəvərd ɪn ˌɑrʤənˈtinə, ˈbræsəl, ˌmædəˈgæskər, ˈɪndiə, mərˈɑkoʊ, ənd fræns. ðə grup həz bɪn dɪˈvaɪdɪd ɪn tu meɪn ˈbrænʧɪz: ðə wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ðə, ənd ðə wɪʧ kəmˈpraɪzɪz ˈmidiəm tɪ ˈænəməlz, laɪk ðə ˈpɑpjələr sastrei*. ðə grup ɪgˈzɪbəts ˈstrɔŋli rɪˈdust ˈfɔˌrlɪmz ənd hænz, staʊt hindlimbs*, wɪθ ə prəˈpɔrʃənəli roʊˈbəst ənd ʃɔrt ˈfimər ənd ˈtɪbjə. ɪt həz bɪn səˈʤɛstɪd ðət frəm ðə tɪ ðə maastrichtian*, moʊst saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkən meɪ hæv bɪn ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd frəm ˈəðər ˈrɛlətɪvz. ðə ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst lænd ˈprɛdətərz ɪn ðə ˈərli ənd ˈmɪdəl krɪˈteɪʃɪs əv ˌgɑndˈwɑˌnɑ, laɪk ðə ˈpɑpjələr, carolinii*. ðə grup ɪˈvɑlvd lɑrʤ skəlz sərˈpæsɪŋ ðə lɛŋθ əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst skəl əv tɪrænəˈsɔrəs rɛks. əˈnəðər ˈkɑmən treɪt ɪz ðə fˈjuʒən əv ˈkreɪˌniəl boʊnz. ðə ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə dɪˈvərs. ˌɑrʤənˈtinə ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈbeɪsəl, ˈmidiəm saɪzd wɪθ ɪˈlɔŋgeɪt ənd ˈgræsəl boʊnz. əˈnəðər ˈbeɪsəl ɪz darwini*. ɪz ə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd baɪ megaraptor*, ənd aerosteon*. ɪt həz bɪn səˈʤɛstɪd ðət wər ˈbeɪsəl ðət ʃɛrd ðə roʊl əv tɔp ˈprɛdətərz wɪθ ənd carcharodontosauroids*. ðə ɪz ə grup əv ˈhaɪli dəraɪvd. ðə grup ɪgˈzɪbəts, əˈməŋ ˈəðər ˈfiʧərz, ə ˈlaɪtli bɪlt skəl ˈbɛrɪŋ ˈnumərəs smɔl tiθ riˈstrɪktɪd tɪ ðə ænˈtɪriər ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə snaʊt, roʊˈbəst ˈhjumərəs wɪθ ə prɑˈʤɛktəd ˈɪnər tubercle*, ə roʊˈbəst ənd ə hænd wɪθ ˈvɛri roʊˈbəst ˈdɪʤɪt aɪ ˈkɛriɪŋ ə lɑrʤ ənd staʊt klɔ, ənd sternum*. saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkən ər ˌɪnˈkludɪd wɪˈθɪn ðə unenlagiidae*: gonzalezorum*, comahuensis*, ənd cabazai*, ɔl rɪˈkəvərd frəm ðə ˈəpər krɪˈteɪʃɪs əv ˌpætəˈgoʊniə, ˌɑrʤənˈtinə. ðə ˈfɑsəl ˈrɛkərd ʃoʊz ðət ðə ˈpætərnz əbˈzərvd ɪn ˌgɑndˈwɑˌnɑ æt ðə leɪt krɪˈteɪʃɪs ˈdɪfər frəm ðə ˈrɛkərdz frəm laurasia*, bət boʊθ ʃoʊ ə ˈkɑmən ˈpætərn ˈdʊrɪŋ taɪmz. ˈrɛfərənsɪz: ˈnoʊvəz, f.e*., ɛt æl., ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ðə kɑrˈnɪvərəs ˈdaɪnəˌsɔrz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə krɪˈteɪʃɪs: ðə ˈɛvədəns frəm ˌpætəˈgoʊniə, krɪˈteɪʃɪs ˈrisərʧ 2013 ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts
|
the study was undertaken to test whether obstetric procedures are of importance for eventual adult behavior of the newborn, as ecological data from the united states seem to indicate. birth record data were gathered for 412 forensic victims comprising suicides, alcoholics and drug addicts born in stockholm after 1940, and who died there in. the births of the victims were unevenly distributed among six hospitals. comparison with controls, and mutual comparison of categories, showed that suicides involving were closely associated with at birth, suicides by violent mechanical means were associated with mechanical birth trauma and drug addiction was associated with opiate barbiturate administration to mothers during labor. irrespective of the mechanism transferring the birth trauma to might be analogous to results show that obstetric procedures should be carefully evaluated and possibly modified to prevent eventual behavior.
|
ðə ˈstədi wɑz ˈəndərˌteɪkən tɪ tɛst ˈwɛðər əbˈstɛtrɪk prəˈsiʤərz ər əv ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns fər əˈvɛnʧuəl ˈædəlt bɪˈheɪvjər əv ðə ˈnubɔrn, ɛz ɛkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈdætə frəm ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts sim tɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt. bərθ ˈrɛkərd ˈdætə wər ˈgæðərd fər 412 ˌfɔˈrɛnsɪk ˈvɪktɪmz kəmˈpraɪzɪŋ ˈsuəˌsaɪdz, ˌælkəˈhɑlɪks ənd drəg ˈæˌdɪkts bɔrn ɪn ˈstɑˌkhoʊlm ˈæftər 1940 ənd hu daɪd ðɛr ɪn ðə bərθs əv ðə ˈvɪktɪmz wər əˈnivənli dɪˈstrɪbjətəd əˈməŋ sɪks ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz. kəmˈpɛrəsən wɪθ kənˈtroʊlz, ənd mˈjuʧuəl kəmˈpɛrəsən əv ˈkætəˌgɔriz, ʃoʊd ðət ˈsuəˌsaɪdz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ wər ˈkloʊsli əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ æt bərθ, ˈsuəˌsaɪdz baɪ ˈvaɪələnt məˈkænɪkəl minz wər əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ məˈkænɪkəl bərθ ˈtrɔmə ənd drəg əˈdɪkʃən wɑz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈoʊpiət bɑrˈbɪʧərət ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən tɪ ˈməðərz ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈleɪbər. ˌɪrəˈspɛktɪv əv ðə ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm trænsˈfərɪŋ ðə bərθ ˈtrɔmə tɪ maɪt bi əˈnæləgəs tɪ rɪˈzəlts ʃoʊ ðət əbˈstɛtrɪk prəˈsiʤərz ʃʊd bi ˈkɛrfəli ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtəd ənd ˈpɑsəbli ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd tɪ prɪˈvɛnt əˈvɛnʧuəl bɪˈheɪvjər.
|
"sandler would benefit from going back to basics and giving audiences what made them love him in the first place," says one box office analyst.
for years, adam sandler was a veritable and one of hollywood's most reliable stars in terms of gobbling up and spitting out solid grosses.
now, his ability to lure moviegoers is damaged after a string of disappointments, including his latest outing, pixels, a love letter to the iconic of the. over the weekend, pixels debuted to $23 million in north america, a poor start for an summer event film featuring an ensemble cast with sandler at the center.
the movie was a departure for sandler in terms of being a vs. a straight comedy or a romantic comedy. sony made pixels for a reported $88 million after rebates; the full cost is said to be $110 million. company, happy madison, produced pixels alongside director chris columbus' 1492 pictures.
"sandler would benefit from going back to basics and giving audiences what made them love him in the first place," says box office analyst paul dergarabedian. "sandler has made some terrifically funny films like billy madison, happy gilmore and the wedding singer and even delved into the indie world with a great, restrained performance in love in 2002."
to date, films have earned north of $4 billion at the worldwide box office, an enviable showing. yet outside of the grown ups and hotel transylvania franchises, he's had an uneven track record in north america since reign over me in 2007, when accounting for inflation.
last summer, blended all-out bombed, opening to $14.3 million and topping out at $46 million domestically and $128 million worldwide. the romantic comedy reunited him with drew barrymore for the third time after box office hits the wedding singer, which earned north of $80 million domestically and $124 million globally in 1998 ($171 million by today's standards), and 50 first dates, grossing $195.2 million in 2004, including $120.8 million domestically.
other earlier sandler hits in the u.s. include big daddy, which grossed a massive $163.5 million domestically in 1999 ($233 million by today's terms) and the waterboy, which grossed $161.5 million in 1998. and in 2005, the longest yard took in $158.1 million in north america.
in 2011 and 2012, two of films failed to impress. in summer 2012, that's my boy topped out at $36.9 million domestically and $57 million globally. jack and jill fared somewhat better in november with $74.2 million domestically and $150.7 million worldwide, but that wasn't enough factoring in the film's $80 million budget and marketing spend. nor did just go with it, jennifer aniston, rock the house in summer 2011, barely cracking $200 million worldwide. by way of comparison, bridesmaids earned $288.4 million worldwide, including $169.1 million domestically.
not long after blended, sandler and announced an unprecedented deal to make four original movies together at the same budget sandler commands at a hollywood studio, generally around $80 million. says films have a huge following on the streaming service.)
according to insiders, sandler is said to be entirely focused on the titles. his only upcoming appointment with the big screen is sony's hotel transylvania 2, which debuts sept. 25.
first up in the deal is the controversial western comedy the ridiculous 6, set for release on the streaming service dec. 11. taylor lautner, terry crews, david spade and luke wilson co-star. and sandler is currently filming the do over for. also starring david spade and paula patton, the comedy follows two guys who decide to fake their own deaths and start over with new identities.
"netflix could offer a sanctuary for sandler who could, if he chooses, reinvent himself and create content that could return him to the glory of his best days and generate renewed goodwill with audiences and critics alike," notes dergarabedian.
sandler's recent indies also have suffered. tom mccarthy's the cobbler was a high-profile miss, earning just $24,000 in the u.s. it fared better overseas, taking in $4.6 million. jason ensemble men, women & children also stalled, failing to reach $1 million domestically. like the cobbler, it fared better overseas, earning $2.2 million.
likewise, pixels hopes to make up ground overseas, where it has earned north of $25 million in its early run. the movie stars sandler, kevin james, peter and josh gad as a group of friends battling aliens who have used video games from the to attack earth. pixels has been ravaged by critics, while audiences gave it a mediocre b cinemascore. the was by capital and china film group, guaranteeing a run in china.
all told, pixels is playing in 42 percent of the international marketplace, where it placed no. 1 in 23 of 56 territories this weekend, many of them smaller. it soared in latin america, a huge family market, placing no. 1 in mexico ($3.7 million), brazil ($3.1 million) and argentina, where it nabbed sony's best debut of all time with $2.3 million. pixels likewise debuted to no. 1 in russia ($2.7 million) and in spain ($1.3 million). it has yet to debut in china (sept. 15) and the u.k. (aug. 12), among other major territories.
sandler's happy madison continues to have a film deal with sony, although it's unclear when the pact expires. it's also unclear whether his relationship with film executives is damaged after leaked emails surfacing in the sony hack revealed that some executives weren't unhappy with spending on budgets. on the tv side, happy madison's deal with sony was renewed for three years in january.
rebecca ford contributed to this report.
|
"ˈsændlər wʊd ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm goʊɪŋ bæk tɪ ˈbeɪsɪks ənd ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈɔdiənsəz wət meɪd ðɛm ləv ɪm ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs," sɪz wən bɑks ˈɔfəs ˈænəlɪst. fər jɪrz, ˈædəm ˈsændlər wɑz ə ˈvɛrɪtəbəl ənd wən əv ˈhɑliˌwʊdz moʊst rɪˈlaɪəbəl stɑrz ɪn tərmz əv ˈgɑbəlɪŋ əp ənd ˈspɪtɪŋ aʊt ˈsɑləd ˈgroʊsɪz. naʊ, hɪz əˈbɪləˌti tɪ lʊr ˈmuˌviˌgoʊərz ɪz ˈdæmɪʤd ˈæftər ə strɪŋ əv dɪsəˈpɔɪntmənts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ hɪz ˈleɪtəst ˈaʊtɪŋ, ˈpɪksəlz, ə ləv ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk əv ðə. ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd, ˈpɪksəlz ˈdeɪbjutɪd tɪ 23 ˈmɪljən ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə, ə pur stɑrt fər ən ˈsəmər ɪˈvɛnt fɪlm ˈfiʧərɪŋ ən ɑnˈsɑmbəl kæst wɪθ ˈsændlər æt ðə ˈsɛnər. ðə ˈmuvi wɑz ə dɪˈpɑrʧər fər ˈsændlər ɪn tərmz əv biɪŋ ə ˈvərsəz. ə streɪt ˈkɑmədi ər ə roʊˈmæntɪk ˈkɑmədi. ˈsoʊni meɪd ˈpɪksəlz fər ə ˌriˈpɔrtəd 88 ˈmɪljən ˈæftər ˈriˌbeɪts; ðə fʊl kɔst ɪz sɛd tɪ bi 110 ˈmɪljən. ˈkəmpəˌni, ˈhæpi ˈmædɪsən, prəˈdust ˈpɪksəlz əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd dɪˈrɛktər krɪs kəˈləmbəs' 1492 ˈpɪkʧərz. "ˈsændlər wʊd ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm goʊɪŋ bæk tɪ ˈbeɪsɪks ənd ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈɔdiənsəz wət meɪd ðɛm ləv ɪm ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs," sɪz bɑks ˈɔfəs ˈænəlɪst pɔl dergarabedian*. "ˈsændlər həz meɪd səm tərˈɪfɪkli ˈfəni fɪlmz laɪk ˈbɪli ˈmædɪsən, ˈhæpi ˈgɪlmɔr ənd ðə ˈwɛdɪŋ ˈsɪŋər ənd ˈivɪn dɛlvd ˈɪntu ðə ˈɪndi wərld wɪθ ə greɪt, riˈstreɪnd pərˈfɔrməns ɪn ləv ɪn 2002 tɪ deɪt, fɪlmz hæv ərnd nɔrθ əv 4 ˈbɪljən æt ðə ˈwərldˈwaɪd bɑks ˈɔfəs, ən ˈɛnviəbəl ʃoʊɪŋ. jɛt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə groʊn əps ənd hoʊˈtɛl ˌtrænzilˈveɪniə ˈfrænˌʧaɪzɪz, hiz hæd ən əˈnivən træk ˈrɛkərd ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə sɪns reɪn ˈoʊvər mi ɪn 2007 wɪn əˈkaʊnɪŋ fər ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən. læst ˈsəmər, ˈblɛndɪd ˈɔˈlaʊt bɑmd, ˈoʊpənɪŋ tɪ ˈmɪljən ənd ˈtɑpɪŋ aʊt æt 46 ˈmɪljən dəˈmɛstɪkli ənd 128 ˈmɪljən ˈwərldˈwaɪd. ðə roʊˈmæntɪk ˈkɑmədi ˌriuˈnaɪtɪd ɪm wɪθ dru ˈbɛriˌmɔr fər ðə θərd taɪm ˈæftər bɑks ˈɔfəs hɪts ðə ˈwɛdɪŋ ˈsɪŋər, wɪʧ ərnd nɔrθ əv 80 ˈmɪljən dəˈmɛstɪkli ənd 124 ˈmɪljən ˈgloʊbəli ɪn 1998 171 ˈmɪljən baɪ ˈtudeɪz ˈstændərdz), ənd 50 fərst deɪts, ˈgroʊsɪŋ ˈmɪljən ɪn 2004 ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɪljən dəˈmɛstɪkli. ˈəðər ˈərliər ˈsændlər hɪts ɪn ðə juz. ˌɪnˈklud bɪg ˈdædi, wɪʧ groʊst ə ˈmæsɪv ˈmɪljən dəˈmɛstɪkli ɪn 1999 233 ˈmɪljən baɪ ˈtudeɪz tərmz) ənd ðə waterboy*, wɪʧ groʊst ˈmɪljən ɪn 1998 ənd ɪn 2005 ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst jɑrd tʊk ɪn ˈmɪljən ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə. ɪn 2011 ənd 2012 tu əv fɪlmz feɪld tɪ ˌɪmˈprɛs. ɪn ˈsəmər 2012 ðæts maɪ bɔɪ tɑpt aʊt æt ˈmɪljən dəˈmɛstɪkli ənd 57 ˈmɪljən ˈgloʊbəli. ʤæk ənd ʤɪl fɛrd ˈsəmˈwət ˈbɛtər ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər wɪθ ˈmɪljən dəˈmɛstɪkli ənd ˈmɪljən ˈwərldˈwaɪd, bət ðət ˈwəzənt ɪˈnəf ˈfæktərɪŋ ɪn ðə fɪlmz 80 ˈmɪljən ˈbəʤɪt ənd ˈmɑrkətɪŋ spɛnd. nɔr dɪd ʤɪst goʊ wɪθ ɪt, ˈʤɛnəfər aniston*, rɑk ðə haʊs ɪn ˈsəmər 2011 ˈbɛrli ˈkrækɪŋ 200 ˈmɪljən ˈwərldˈwaɪd. baɪ weɪ əv kəmˈpɛrəsən, ˈbraɪdzˌmeɪdz ərnd ˈmɪljən ˈwərldˈwaɪd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɪljən dəˈmɛstɪkli. nɑt lɔŋ ˈæftər ˈblɛndɪd, ˈsændlər ənd əˈnaʊnst ən ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd dil tɪ meɪk fɔr ərˈɪʤənəl ˈmuviz təˈgɛðər æt ðə seɪm ˈbəʤɪt ˈsændlər kəˈmændz æt ə ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈstudiˌoʊ, ˈʤɛnərəli əraʊnd 80 ˈmɪljən. sɪz fɪlmz hæv ə juʤ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈstrimɪŋ ˈsərvɪs.) əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈsaɪdərz, ˈsændlər ɪz sɛd tɪ bi ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə ˈtaɪtəlz. hɪz ˈoʊnli ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ əˈpɔɪntmənt wɪθ ðə bɪg skrin ɪz ˈsoʊniz hoʊˈtɛl ˌtrænzilˈveɪniə 2 wɪʧ ˈdeɪbjuz sɛpt. 25 fərst əp ɪn ðə dil ɪz ðə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈwɛstərn ˈkɑmədi ðə rɪˈdɪkjələs 6 sɛt fər riˈlis ɔn ðə ˈstrimɪŋ ˈsərvɪs dɛk. 11 ˈteɪlər ˈlaʊtnər, ˈtɛri kruz, ˈdeɪvɪd speɪd ənd luk ˈwɪlsən co-star*. ənd ˈsændlər ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈfɪlmɪŋ ðə du ˈoʊvər fər. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈstɑrɪŋ ˈdeɪvɪd speɪd ənd ˈpɔlə ˈpætən, ðə ˈkɑmədi ˈfɑloʊz tu gaɪz hu ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ feɪk ðɛr oʊn dɛθs ənd stɑrt ˈoʊvər wɪθ nu aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz. kʊd ˈɔfər ə ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛri fər ˈsændlər hu kʊd, ɪf hi ˈʧuzɪz, ˌriɪnˈvɛnt hɪmˈsɛlf ənd kriˈeɪt ˈkɑntɛnt ðət kʊd rɪˈtərn ɪm tɪ ðə ˈglɔri əv hɪz bɛst deɪz ənd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt rɪˈnud ˈgʊdˈwɪl wɪθ ˈɔdiənsəz ənd ˈkrɪtɪks əˈlaɪk," noʊts dergarabedian*. ˈrisənt ˈɪndiz ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈsəfərd. tɑm məˈkɑrθiz ðə ˈkɑblər wɑz ə ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl mɪs, ˈərnɪŋ ʤɪst ɪn ðə juz. ɪt fɛrd ˈbɛtər ˈoʊvərˈsiz, ˈteɪkɪŋ ɪn ˈmɪljən. ˈʤeɪsən ɑnˈsɑmbəl mɛn, ˈwɪmən ˈʧɪldrən ˈɔlsoʊ stɔld, ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ riʧ 1 ˈmɪljən dəˈmɛstɪkli. laɪk ðə ˈkɑblər, ɪt fɛrd ˈbɛtər ˈoʊvərˈsiz, ˈərnɪŋ ˈmɪljən. ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz, ˈpɪksəlz hoʊps tɪ meɪk əp graʊnd ˈoʊvərˈsiz, wɛr ɪt həz ərnd nɔrθ əv 25 ˈmɪljən ɪn ɪts ˈərli rən. ðə ˈmuvi stɑrz ˈsændlər, ˈkɛvɪn ʤeɪmz, ˈpitər ənd ʤɑʃ gæd ɛz ə grup əv frɛndz ˈbætəlɪŋ ˈeɪliənz hu hæv juzd ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz frəm ðə tɪ əˈtæk ərθ. ˈpɪksəlz həz bɪn ˈrævɪʤd baɪ ˈkrɪtɪks, waɪl ˈɔdiənsəz geɪv ɪt ə ˌmidiˈoʊkər bi cinemascore*. ðə wɑz baɪ ˈkæpɪtəl ənd ˈʧaɪnə fɪlm grup, ˌgɛrənˈtiɪŋ ə rən ɪn ˈʧaɪnə. ɔl toʊld, ˈpɪksəlz ɪz pleɪɪŋ ɪn 42 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑrkɪtˌpleɪs, wɛr ɪt pleɪst noʊ. 1 ɪn 23 əv 56 ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd, ˈmɛni əv ðɛm sˈmɔlər. ɪt sɔrd ɪn ˈlætən əˈmɛrɪkə, ə juʤ ˈfæməli ˈmɑrkɪt, ˈpleɪsɪŋ noʊ. 1 ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈmɪljən), brəˈzɪl ˈmɪljən) ənd ˌɑrʤənˈtinə, wɛr ɪt næbd ˈsoʊniz bɛst ˈdeɪbju əv ɔl taɪm wɪθ ˈmɪljən. ˈpɪksəlz ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz ˈdeɪbjutɪd tɪ noʊ. 1 ɪn ˈrəʃə ˈmɪljən) ənd ɪn speɪn ˈmɪljən). ɪt həz jɛt tɪ ˈdeɪbju ɪn ˈʧaɪnə (sɛpt. 15 ənd ðə u.k*. (ˈɔgəst. 12 əˈməŋ ˈəðər ˈmeɪʤər ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz. ˈhæpi ˈmædɪsən kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ hæv ə fɪlm dil wɪθ ˈsoʊni, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪts ənˈklɪr wɪn ðə pækt ɪkˈspaɪərz. ɪts ˈɔlsoʊ ənˈklɪr ˈwɛðər hɪz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ fɪlm ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz ɪz ˈdæmɪʤd ˈæftər likt iˈmeɪlz ˈsərfəsɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsoʊni hæk rɪˈvild ðət səm ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz wərənt ənˈhæpi wɪθ ˈspɛndɪŋ ɔn ˈbəʤɪts. ɔn ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən saɪd, ˈhæpi ˈmædɪsənz dil wɪθ ˈsoʊni wɑz rɪˈnud fər θri jɪrz ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. rəˈbɛkə fɔrd kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt.
|
on paper, vince staples headlining an npr showcase doesn't make a lick of sense. he's a young, black rapper, with production that veers toward the dissonant and gritty, and aggressive, colorful lyrics that speak pointedly to the systemic issues that plague his hometown of long beach, calif. but in action, staples closing out a night that also featured soul, chicano punk, indie rock and country made all the sense in the world.
the bulk of the material staples performed came from last year's widely acclaimed summertime '06 an album that laid bare his experience growing up around gangbangers, drug dealers and addicts, fearful outsiders and corrupt cops. his silhouette the only thing visible, staples launched into his set with the deceptively buoyant "lift me up"; the audience immediately lifted with him, jumping at his command.
with charisma, comedy and a touch of cynicism peppered throughout, staples played to his crowd without pandering which, to be fair, has never been a part of his repertoire. (see: his showcase at sxsw.) the energy between staples and audience was reciprocal, and only ticked up further as the night wore on. by the final two songs the wildly charged "senorita" and the jarring "blue suede" there was moshing, crowd surfing and stage crashing, much to the chagrin of security. elbows were thrown and backs were shoved, but it was clear by the time staples finished his performance, standing atop the rail directly in front of his adoring audience, that it was all a physical manifestation of unbridled, raw positivity.
watch the entire set here, or check out individual songs in the set list below.
set list
credits
producers: blount, habe-evans, otis hart; technical director: josh rogosin; director: habe-evans; videographers: hammar, katie hayes luke, cameron robert, a.j. wilhelm, lizzie chen; editor: niki walker; audio: timothy mobile; assistant audio engineer: loretta rae; production assistants: erin conlon, nathan gaar; special thanks: sxsw, bbq; executive producer: grundmann.
support for npr music comes from blue microphone.
|
ɔn ˈpeɪpər, vɪns ˈsteɪpəlz ˈhɛˌdlaɪnɪŋ ən ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs ˈdəzənt meɪk ə lɪk əv sɛns. hiz ə jəŋ, blæk ˈræpər, wɪθ pərˈdəkʃən ðət vɪrz təˈwɔrd ðə ˈdɪsənənt ənd ˈgrɪti, ənd əˈgrɛsɪv, ˈkələrfəl ˈlɪrɪks ðət spik ˈpɔɪntɪˌdli tɪ ðə sɪˈstɛmɪk ˈɪʃuz ðət pleɪg hɪz ˈhoʊmˌtaʊn əv lɔŋ biʧ, ˈkælɪf. bət ɪn ˈækʃən, ˈsteɪpəlz ˈkloʊzɪŋ aʊt ə naɪt ðət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfiʧərd soʊl, ʧɪˈkɑnoʊ pəŋk, ˈɪndi rɑk ənd ˈkəntri meɪd ɔl ðə sɛns ɪn ðə wərld. ðə bəlk əv ðə məˈtɪriəl ˈsteɪpəlz pərˈfɔrmd keɪm frəm læst jɪrz ˈwaɪdli əˈkleɪmd ˈsəmərˌtaɪm 06 ən ˈælbəm ðət leɪd bɛr hɪz ɪkˈspɪriəns groʊɪŋ əp əraʊnd ˈgæŋbæŋgərz, drəg ˈdilərz ənd ˈæˌdɪkts, ˈfɪrfəl aʊtˈsaɪdərz ənd kərəpt kɑps. hɪz ˌsɪləˈwɛt ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ ˈvɪzəbəl, ˈsteɪpəlz lɔnʧt ˈɪntu hɪz sɛt wɪθ ðə dɪˈsɛptɪvli bɔɪənt "lɪft mi əp"; ðə ˈɔdiəns ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈlɪftɪd wɪθ ɪm, ˈʤəmpɪŋ æt hɪz kəˈmænd. wɪθ kərˈɪzmə, ˈkɑmədi ənd ə təʧ əv ˈsɪnɪˌsɪzəm ˈpɛpərd θruaʊt, ˈsteɪpəlz pleɪd tɪ hɪz kraʊd wɪˈθaʊt ˈpændərɪŋ wɪʧ, tɪ bi fɛr, həz ˈnɛvər bɪn ə pɑrt əv hɪz ˈrɛpərtˌwɑr. (si: hɪz ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs æt sxsw*.) ðə ˈɛnərʤi bɪtˈwin ˈsteɪpəlz ənd ˈɔdiəns wɑz rɪˈsɪprəkəl, ənd ˈoʊnli tɪkt əp ˈfərðər ɛz ðə naɪt wɔr ɔn. baɪ ðə ˈfaɪnəl tu sɔŋz ðə ˈwaɪldli ʧɑrʤd "senorita*" ənd ðə ˈʤɑrɪŋ "blu sweɪd" ðɛr wɑz moshing*, kraʊd ˈsərfɪŋ ənd steɪʤ ˈkræʃɪŋ, məʧ tɪ ðə ʃəˈgrɪn əv sɪˈkjʊrəti. ˈɛlˌboʊz wər θroʊn ənd bæks wər ʃəvd, bət ɪt wɑz klɪr baɪ ðə taɪm ˈsteɪpəlz ˈfɪnɪʃt hɪz pərˈfɔrməns, ˈstændɪŋ əˈtɑp ðə reɪl dɪˈrɛkli ɪn frənt əv hɪz əˈdɔrɪŋ ˈɔdiəns, ðət ɪt wɑz ɔl ə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˌmænəfɛˈsteɪʃən əv ənˈbraɪdəld, rɑ positivity*. wɔʧ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər sɛt hir, ər ʧɛk aʊt ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl sɔŋz ɪn ðə sɛt lɪst bɪˈloʊ. sɛt lɪst ˈkrɛdɪts prəˈdusərz: blaʊnt, habe-evans*, ˈoʊtɪs hɑrt; ˈtɛknɪkəl dɪˈrɛktər: ʤɑʃ rogosin*; dɪˈrɛktər: habe-evans*; videographers*: ˈhæmər, ˈkeɪti heɪz luk, ˈkæmərən ˈrɑbərt, a.j*. ˈwɪˌlhɛlm, ˈlɪzi ʧɛn; ˈɛdɪtər: ˈnɪki ˈwɔkər; ˈɑdiˌoʊ: ˈtɪməθi ˈmoʊbəl; əˈsɪstənt ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr: lərˈɛtə reɪ; pərˈdəkʃən əˈsɪstənts: ˈɛrɪn ˈkɑnlən, ˈneɪθən gɑr; ˈspɛʃəl θæŋks: sxsw*, ˈbɑrbɪˌkju; ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv prəˈdusər: grundmann*. səˈpɔrt fər ˈɛnˈpiˈɑr mˈjuzɪk kəmz frəm blu ˈmaɪkrəˌfoʊn.
|
new jersey gov. chris christie on tuesday doused the hopes of those who might want to enjoy marijuana with him in the white house.
advertisement
"if getting high in colorado today, enjoy it," christie, a republican presidential candidate, said during a event in the early voting state of new hampshire, according to of january 2017, i will enforce the federal laws,” he added.christie, who has long opposed recreational marijuana and said early this month that he has never tried pot, has stated that unlike president obama he would not selectively choose which federal laws to you want to change the marijuana laws, go ahead and change the national marijuana laws," the former prosecutor said tuesday, according to and three other states have legalized recreational marijuana in recent years, including washington, oregon and alaska, along with the district of currently sits ninth in a crowded field of more than a dozen candidates hoping to make it onto the stage for their party's first debate aug. 6, which is capped at the top 10 based on recent polls.
|
nu ˈʤərzi gəv. krɪs ˈkrɪsti ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ daʊst ðə hoʊps əv ðoʊz hu maɪt wɔnt tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə wɪθ ɪm ɪn ðə waɪt haʊs. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt "ɪf ˈgɪtɪŋ haɪ ɪn ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ təˈdeɪ, ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ɪt," ˈkrɪsti, ə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt, sɛd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ɪˈvɛnt ɪn ðə ˈərli ˈvoʊtɪŋ steɪt əv nu ˈhæmʃər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ əv ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2017 aɪ wɪl ɛnˈfɔrs ðə ˈfɛdərəl laws,”*,” hi added.christie*, hu həz lɔŋ əˈpoʊzd ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ənd sɛd ˈərli ðɪs mənθ ðət hi həz ˈnɛvər traɪd pɑt, həz ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ənˈlaɪk ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə hi wʊd nɑt səˈlɛktɪvli ʧuz wɪʧ ˈfɛdərəl lɔz tɪ ju wɔnt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə lɔz, goʊ əˈhɛd ənd ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə lɔz," ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər sɛd ˈtuzˌdeɪ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ənd θri ˈəðər steɪts hæv ˈligəˌlaɪzd ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ˈɔrəˌgɑn ənd əˈlæskə, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt əv ˈkərəntli sɪts naɪnθ ɪn ə ˈkraʊdɪd fild əv mɔr ðən ə ˈdəzən ˈkænədɪts ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈɔntu ðə steɪʤ fər ðɛr ˈpɑrtiz fərst dəˈbeɪt ˈɔgəst. 6 wɪʧ ɪz kæpt æt ðə tɔp 10 beɪst ɔn ˈrisənt poʊlz.
|
introduction
specifications
specifications manufacturer: model: big bang support: & gen intel core processor family for the 1155 socket power design: power: 16 phases
pch power: 1 phase
memory power: 2 phase
chipset: intel express integrated graphics: on installed memory: 4 x dimm, max. 32 gb, 1066 to 3000+ bios: dual ami bios with dual 64 flash roms slots: 3 x slots or or)
4 x slots connectivity: 2 x (intel)
4 x (intel) networking: lan ports: 10 x ports (4 at back panel, 6 at front panel)
8 x ports (6 at back panel, 2 at front panel)
1 x lan connectors
1 x audio port with 6 audio jacks
1 x output(optical)
1 x port
1 x
1 x cmos clear button
audio: fan headers: 5 x form factor: atx form factor (305 x 245) exclusive features: certified
msi military class
click bios
oc genie
command center
gaming device port
super charger
m-flash
active phase shifting
winki 3
live
instant
v-check points
superpipe
it seems that quite a few new intel express board products have been released recently, with nearly every board manufacturer sending me a new model within the past few weeks. not to be outdone by the others, contacted me recently to inform me that they had a new product i was sure to like. not one to judge hardware before it's in my hands, i eagerly awaited the board's arrival on my doorstep. told me they'd be sending me a big bang board, a board designed to the pants off your.
|
ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən ˌspɛsəfəˈkeɪʃənz ˌspɛsəfəˈkeɪʃənz ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər: ˈmɑdəl: bɪg bæŋ səˈpɔrt: ʤɛn ˌɪnˈtɛl kɔr ˈprɑˌsɛsər ˈfæməli fər ðə 1155 ˈsɑkət paʊər dɪˈzaɪn: paʊər: 16 ˈfeɪzɪz paʊər: 1 feɪz ˈmɛməri paʊər: 2 feɪz chipset*: ˌɪnˈtɛl ɪkˈsprɛs ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ˈgræfɪks: ɔn ˌɪnˈstɔld ˈmɛməri: 4 ɛks dimm*, mæks. 32 gb*, 1066 tɪ 3000 baɪoʊs: duəl ˈɑmi baɪoʊs wɪθ duəl 64 flæʃ rɑmz slɑts: 3 ɛks slɑts ər ər 4 ɛks slɑts kənɛkˈtɪvɪti: 2 ɛks (ˌɪnˈtɛl 4 ɛks (ˌɪnˈtɛl ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ: læn pɔrts: 10 ɛks pɔrts 4 æt bæk ˈpænəl, 6 æt frənt ˈpænəl) 8 ɛks pɔrts 6 æt bæk ˈpænəl, 2 æt frənt ˈpænəl) 1 ɛks læn kəˈnɛktərz 1 ɛks ˈɑdiˌoʊ pɔrt wɪθ 6 ˈɑdiˌoʊ ʤæks 1 ɛks output(optical*) 1 ɛks pɔrt 1 ɛks 1 ɛks ˈsiˈɛˈmoʊˈɛs klɪr ˈbətən ˈɑdiˌoʊ: fæn ˈhɛdərz: 5 ɛks fɔrm ˈfæktər: ˈeɪˈtiˈɛks fɔrm ˈfæktər 305 ɛks 245) ɪkˈsklusɪv ˈfiʧərz: ˈsərtəˌfaɪd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri klæs klɪk baɪoʊs ˈʤini kəˈmænd ˈsɛnər ˈgeɪmɪŋ dɪˈvaɪs pɔrt ˈsupər ˈʧɑrʤər ˈæktɪv feɪz ˈʃɪftɪŋ 3 lɪv ˈɪnstənt pɔɪnts ɪt simz ðət kwaɪt ə fju nu ˌɪnˈtɛl ɪkˈsprɛs bɔrd ˈprɑdəkts hæv bɪn riˈlist ˈrisəntli, wɪθ ˈnɪrli ˈɛvəri bɔrd ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər ˈsɛndɪŋ mi ə nu ˈmɑdəl wɪˈθɪn ðə pæst fju wiks. nɑt tɪ bi ˈaʊtˈdən baɪ ðə ˈəðərz, ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd mi ˈrisəntli tɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrm mi ðət ðeɪ hæd ə nu ˈprɑdəkt aɪ wɑz ʃʊr tɪ laɪk. nɑt wən tɪ ʤəʤ ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ˌbiˈfɔr ɪts ɪn maɪ hænz, aɪ ˈigərli əˈweɪtɪd ðə bɔrdz ərˈaɪvəl ɔn maɪ ˈdɔrˌstɛp. toʊld mi ðeɪd bi ˈsɛndɪŋ mi ə bɪg bæŋ bɔrd, ə bɔrd dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ðə pænts ɔf jʊr.
|
updated:
dave announces 2018 tour dates
dave announces new album, 2015 tour
dave has announced that he will release a new album in august, and will follow it up with a tour in october. the following dates have been announced so far.
through
04-oct-2014 west springfield, massachusetts court of honor stage, the big e west boston, massachusetts the wilbur theatre londonderry, new hampshire tupelo music hall londonderry, new hampshire tupelo music hall londonderry, new hampshire tupelo music hall bethlehem, pennsylvania café washington, d.c. the howard theatre asbury park, new jersey the stone pony new york city, new york city winery new york fall river, massachusetts narrows center for the arts albany, new york the egg ridgefield, connecticut ridgefield playhouse napa, california uptown theatre sacramento, california ace of spades west hollywood, california the roxy theatre london, united kingdom assembly hall
dave's autumn 2014 tour wrapped up
dave's autumn 2014 tour wrapped up at the end of november. show photos from the chicago and detroit dates will be posted soon. some have already been posted on thes facebook page (joining the facebook group is required to see the photos).
dave shares his guitar at the magic bag, ferndale, michigan, nov. 13, 2014
dave releases rippin' up time
on october 28, dave released rippin' up time, an album distributed through sony's red river entertainment label. reports are that he has been rehearsing some tracks from the new album with his band for the tour that begins on november 11. covering a wide range of emotion, dave delivers strong lyrics and his trademark crunchy guitar in his follow-up to i will be me.
dave touring the us this fall
dave has announced a tour of the middle and the eastern us this fall to support his new album! milwaukee, wisconsin turner hall ballroom chicago, illinois city winery chicago chicago, illinois city winery chicago ferndale, michigan the magic bag theatre york, pennsylvania center natick, massachusetts the center for arts in natick norfolk, connecticut infinity hall norfolk, connecticut infinity hall bethlehem, pennsylvania center new york city, new york city winery new york new york city, new york city winery new york pittsfield, massachusetts the colonial theatre
postponed due to weather englewood, new jersey bergen performing arts center
dave to play in london this april
dave has announced a show in london for this april! -2014
london, theatre
dave announces autumn 2013 us tour
dave's following up his spring 2013 tour with another tour of the northeast and great lakes in november!
new york city, new york city winery annapolis, maryland head on stage englewood, new jersey bergen performing arts center niagara falls, new york bear's den, seneca niagara casino chicago, illinois city winery evanston, illinois space
dave announces spring 2013 us tour
it's been awfully quiet around this site for the past few years, but now we have a new tour to obsess over! at this time, the following dates and venues have been announced: 27, 28 and
new york city, new york city winery shirley, massachusetts bull run norfolk, connecticut infinity hall bethlehem, pennsylvania cafe fall river, massachusetts narrows center for the arts new york city, new york new york hudson square music & wine festival hermosa beach, california saint rocke cafe san juan capistrano, california the coach house agoura hills, california the canyon del mar, california san diego county fair
the dave davies weekend and spiritual retreat 4
with the success of the three weekends he has held since autumn, 2011, dave has announced weekend 4 for spring, weekends are spiritual gatherings and workshops in an intimate environment, featuring evening concerts. see dave's web site for further details.
the project
dave has released a new cd in cooperation with his son russ, called the project. it's based on an original story by dave and russ davies called the cipher. the story is a mix of science fiction, science fact and a bit of a love story thrown into the mix. it's available on dave's site and on the official project website
mystical journey
dave's dvd release by koch records, mystical journey now has a website with a trailer, a promo film and the release date, etc. a review page has been added too! if you have reviews you can submit them there.
around the galaxy cd out now!
dave has announced a new cd around the galaxy bootleg series number 4) it is based on the board tapes at the galaxy theatre gig in 1997. it was released february and copies are still available at dave davies shop!
belly up out now!
dave has released dave davies belly up! bootleg series number 3) it is based on the board tapes at belly up gig in 1997. this cd is available now on dave's site . also check out an interview dave gave the day of the belly up show here part 1 and part 2
now ontv: memoirs chapter 2!
dave has added memoirs chapter 2 to tv! according to the preview it features the following; "dave begins to explore major influences such as big bill broonzy, chuck berry and mike picker. dave visits the phoenix cinema in east finchley, cherry tree woods, and hill - all important areas when he was growing up. he shows us the venue where the band first performed."
also available on tv a fully version of fragile. this cd was originally released in 2001./fragilemp3.html
"second-edition" release of fractured
the "second-edition" version of fractured was released on july 31, 2007. this new release is remastered, and contain the tracks "god in my brain", previously only available on theed cd, and an track titled "this is the time", which has not been released previously. this second release is distributed by koch records.
dave releases new album exclusively through
his web site
on january 30, dave released a new album titled fractured exclusively through his web site. its release was pushed back a week from the january 23 date announced earlier. dave's web site has details, plus a review of the album.
dave releases new video interviews through his web site
on may 30, 2006 dave made the first of his spiritual planet interviews available for (free) download from his web site. this is a series of interviews during which dave discusses his life and his spiritual beliefs. the first part, available now, is a segment focusing on how his family and his reading as a teenager influenced his interest in metaphysics. he also touches briefly on the teachers he credits with guiding him along his path. you can reach the interviews through the "what's new" page on dave's web site. viewing the interviews requires real network's or apple's quicktime plug-in.
kinked released on february 22, 2006 through dave's site,
through koch on march 7
kinked was released for direct ordering through dave's web site on february 22, 2006. koch records released it for sale by retailers in the us on march 7. this is a cd. a new track, "god in my brain", is accompanied by acoustic versions of "love gets you", "this man he weeps of a clown" and still alive", live versions of "living on a thin line", "strangers", "too much on my mind" and "picture book", plus dave's version of "give me love", which has been available only on the george harrison tribute cd, songs from the material world. of particular note is "when the wind blows (emergency)", from dave's 1997 unfinished business ep. an audio clip from "god in my brain" is available on the "what's new" page on dave's web site.
dave's rehabilitation artwork prints on sale
|
ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd: deɪv əˈnaʊnsɪz 2018 tʊr deɪts deɪv əˈnaʊnsɪz nu ˈælbəm, 2015 tʊr deɪv həz əˈnaʊnst ðət hi wɪl riˈlis ə nu ˈælbəm ɪn ˈɔgəst, ənd wɪl ˈfɑloʊ ɪt əp wɪθ ə tʊr ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ deɪts hæv bɪn əˈnaʊnst soʊ fɑr. θru wɛst ˈsprɪŋˌfild, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts kɔrt əv ˈɑnər steɪʤ, ðə bɪg i wɛst ˈbɔstən, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts ðə ˈwɪlbər ˈθiətər ˈləndənˌdɛri, nu ˈhæmʃər ˈtupəˌloʊ mˈjuzɪk hɔl ˈləndənˌdɛri, nu ˈhæmʃər ˈtupəˌloʊ mˈjuzɪk hɔl ˈləndənˌdɛri, nu ˈhæmʃər ˈtupəˌloʊ mˈjuzɪk hɔl ˈbɛθlɪˌhɛm, ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə café*é ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. ðə haʊərd ˈθiətər ˈæzˌbɛri pɑrk, nu ˈʤərzi ðə stoʊn ˈpoʊˌni nu jɔrk ˈsɪti, nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ˈwaɪnəri nu jɔrk fɔl ˈrɪvər, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts ˈnɛroʊz ˈsɛnər fər ðə ɑrts ˈɔlbəni, nu jɔrk ðə ɛg ˈrɪʤˌfild, kəˈnɛtəkət ˈrɪʤˌfild ˈpleɪˌhaʊs ˈnæpə, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈəpˈtaʊn ˈθiətər ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə eɪs əv speɪdz wɛst ˈhɑliˌwʊd, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ðə ˈrɑksi ˈθiətər ˈləndən, juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm əˈsɛmbli hɔl deɪvz ˈɔtəm 2014 tʊr ræpt əp deɪvz ˈɔtəm 2014 tʊr ræpt əp æt ðə ɛnd əv noʊˈvɛmbər. ʃoʊ ˈfoʊˌtoʊz frəm ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ənd ˈdiˌtrɔɪt deɪts wɪl bi ˈpoʊstɪd sun. səm hæv ɔˈrɛdi bɪn ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ðə kɪŋks ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ (ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk grup ɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ si ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz). deɪv ʃɛrz hɪz gɪˈtɑr æt ðə ˈmæʤɪk bæg, ˈfərnˌdeɪl, ˈmɪʃɪgən, noʊv. 13 2014 deɪv rɪˈlisɪz rippin*' əp taɪm ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 28 deɪv riˈlist rippin*' əp taɪm, ən ˈælbəm dɪˈstrɪbjətəd θru ˈsoʊniz rɛd ˈrɪvər ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ˈleɪbəl. rɪˈpɔrts ər ðət hi həz bɪn rɪˈhərsɪŋ səm træks frəm ðə nu ˈælbəm wɪθ hɪz bænd fər ðə tʊr ðət bɪˈgɪnz ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 11 ˈkəvərɪŋ ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ˈiˌmoʊʃən, deɪv dɪˈlɪvərz strɔŋ ˈlɪrɪks ənd hɪz ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk ˈkrənʧi gɪˈtɑr ɪn hɪz ˈfɑloʊˌəp tɪ aɪ wɪl bi mi. deɪv ˈtʊrɪŋ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ðɪs fɔl deɪv həz əˈnaʊnst ə tʊr əv ðə ˈmɪdəl ənd ðə ˈistərn ˈjuˈɛs ðɪs fɔl tɪ səˈpɔrt hɪz nu ˈælbəm! mɪlˈwɔki, wɪˈskɑnsən ˈtərnər hɔl ˈbɔˌlrum ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ˌɪləˈnɔɪz ˈsɪti ˈwaɪnəri ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ˌɪləˈnɔɪz ˈsɪti ˈwaɪnəri ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ˈfərnˌdeɪl, ˈmɪʃɪgən ðə ˈmæʤɪk bæg ˈθiətər jɔrk, ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ˈsɛnər ˈneɪtɪk, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts ðə ˈsɛnər fər ɑrts ɪn ˈneɪtɪk ˈnɔrfək, kəˈnɛtəkət ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti hɔl ˈnɔrfək, kəˈnɛtəkət ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti hɔl ˈbɛθlɪˌhɛm, ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ˈsɛnər nu jɔrk ˈsɪti, nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ˈwaɪnəri nu jɔrk nu jɔrk ˈsɪti, nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ˈwaɪnəri nu jɔrk ˈpɪtsfild, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts ðə kəˈloʊniəl ˈθiətər poʊstˈpoʊnd du tɪ ˈwɛðər ˈɛŋgəlˌwʊd, nu ˈʤərzi ˈbərgən pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ɑrts ˈsɛnər deɪv tɪ pleɪ ɪn ˈləndən ðɪs ˈeɪprəl deɪv həz əˈnaʊnst ə ʃoʊ ɪn ˈləndən fər ðɪs ˈeɪprəl! 2014 ˈləndən, ˈθiətər deɪv əˈnaʊnsɪz ˈɔtəm 2013 ˈjuˈɛs tʊr deɪvz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ əp hɪz spərɪŋ 2013 tʊr wɪθ əˈnəðər tʊr əv ðə ˌnɔrˈθist ənd greɪt leɪks ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər! nu jɔrk ˈsɪti, nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ˈwaɪnəri əˈnæpəlɪs, ˈmɛrələnd hɛd ɔn steɪʤ ˈɛŋgəlˌwʊd, nu ˈʤərzi ˈbərgən pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ɑrts ˈsɛnər naɪˈægrə fɔlz, nu jɔrk bɛrz dɛn, ˈsɛnəkə naɪˈægrə kəˈsinoʊ ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ˌɪləˈnɔɪz ˈsɪti ˈwaɪnəri ˈɛvənstən, ˌɪləˈnɔɪz speɪs deɪv əˈnaʊnsɪz spərɪŋ 2013 ˈjuˈɛs tʊr ɪts bɪn ˈɔfəli kwaɪət əraʊnd ðɪs saɪt fər ðə pæst fju jɪrz, bət naʊ wi hæv ə nu tʊr tɪ əbˈsɛs ˈoʊvər! æt ðɪs taɪm, ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ deɪts ənd ˈvɛnuz hæv bɪn əˈnaʊnst: 27 28 ənd nu jɔrk ˈsɪti, nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ˈwaɪnəri ˈʃərli, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts bʊl rən ˈnɔrfək, kəˈnɛtəkət ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti hɔl ˈbɛθlɪˌhɛm, ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə kəˈfeɪ fɔl ˈrɪvər, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts ˈnɛroʊz ˈsɛnər fər ðə ɑrts nu jɔrk ˈsɪti, nu jɔrk nu jɔrk ˈhədsən skwɛr mˈjuzɪk waɪn ˈfɛstɪvəl hɛrˈmoʊsə biʧ, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə seɪnt rɑk kəˈfeɪ sæn wɑn ˌkæpɪˈstrɑnoʊ, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ðə koʊʧ haʊs əˈgurə hɪlz, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ðə ˈkænjən dɛl mɑr, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ˈkaʊnti fɛr ðə deɪv ˈdeɪviz ˈwiˌkɪnd ənd ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl riˈtrit 4 wɪθ ðə səkˈsɛs əv ðə θri ˈwiˌkɛndz hi həz hɛld sɪns ˈɔtəm, 2011 deɪv həz əˈnaʊnst ˈwiˌkɪnd 4 fər spərɪŋ, ˈwiˌkɛndz ər ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ˈgæðərɪŋz ənd ˈwərkˌʃɑps ɪn ən ˈɪnɪmət ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, ˈfiʧərɪŋ ˈivnɪŋ ˈkɑnsərts. si deɪvz wɛb saɪt fər ˈfərðər ˈditeɪlz. ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt deɪv həz riˈlist ə nu ˈsiˈdi ɪn kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən wɪθ hɪz sən rəs, kɔld ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. ɪts beɪst ɔn ən ərˈɪʤənəl ˈstɔri baɪ deɪv ənd rəs ˈdeɪviz kɔld ðə ˈsaɪfər. ðə ˈstɔri ɪz ə mɪks əv saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən, saɪəns fækt ənd ə bɪt əv ə ləv ˈstɔri θroʊn ˈɪntu ðə mɪks. ɪts əˈveɪləbəl ɔn deɪvz saɪt ənd ɔn ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈmɪstɪkəl ˈʤərni deɪvz ˌdiˌviˈdi riˈlis baɪ kɔʧ ˈrɛkərdz, ˈmɪstɪkəl ˈʤərni naʊ həz ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt wɪθ ə ˈtreɪlər, ə ˈproʊˌmoʊ fɪlm ənd ðə riˈlis deɪt, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ə ˌrivˈju peɪʤ həz bɪn ˈædɪd tu! ɪf ju hæv rəvˈjuz ju kən səbˈmɪt ðɛm ðɛr. əraʊnd ðə ˈgæləksi ˈsiˈdi aʊt naʊ! deɪv həz əˈnaʊnst ə nu ˈsiˈdi əraʊnd ðə ˈgæləksi ˈbuˌtlɛg ˈsɪriz ˈnəmbər 4 ɪt ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə bɔrd teɪps æt ðə ˈgæləksi ˈθiətər gɪg ɪn 1997 ɪt wɑz riˈlist ˈfɛbruˌɛri ənd ˈkɑpiz ər stɪl əˈveɪləbəl æt deɪv ˈdeɪviz ʃɑp! ˈbɛli əp aʊt naʊ! deɪv həz riˈlist deɪv ˈdeɪviz ˈbɛli əp! ˈbuˌtlɛg ˈsɪriz ˈnəmbər 3 ɪt ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə bɔrd teɪps æt ˈbɛli əp gɪg ɪn 1997 ðɪs ˈsiˈdi ɪz əˈveɪləbəl naʊ ɔn deɪvz saɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ʧɛk aʊt ən ˈɪntərvˌju deɪv geɪv ðə deɪ əv ðə ˈbɛli əp ʃoʊ hir pɑrt 1 ənd pɑrt 2 naʊ ɔn detunetv*: ˈmɛmˌwɑrz ˈʧæptər 2 deɪv həz ˈædɪd ˈmɛmˌwɑrz ˈʧæptər 2 tɪ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən! əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈprivˌju ɪt ˈfiʧərz ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ; "deɪv bɪˈgɪnz tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ˈmeɪʤər ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz səʧ ɛz bɪg bɪl broonzy*, ʧək ˈbɛri ənd maɪk ˈpɪkər. deɪv ˈvɪzɪts ðə ˈfinɪks ˈsɪnəmə ɪn ist finchley*, ˈʧɛri tri wʊdz, ənd hɪl ɔl ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɛriəz wɪn hi wɑz groʊɪŋ əp. hi ʃoʊz ˈjuˈɛs ðə ˈvɛnju wɛr ðə bænd fərst pərˈfɔrmd." ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ə ˈfʊli ˈvərʒən əv ˈfræʤəl. ðɪs ˈsiˈdi wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli riˈlist ɪn 2001 "second-edition*" riˈlis əv ˈfrækʧərd ðə "second-edition*" ˈvərʒən əv ˈfrækʧərd wɑz riˈlist ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 31 2007 ðɪs nu riˈlis ɪz remastered*, ənd kənˈteɪn ðə træks "gɑd ɪn maɪ breɪn", ˈpriviəsli ˈoʊnli əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ðə ˈsiˈdi, ənd ən træk ˈtaɪtəld "ðɪs ɪz ðə taɪm", wɪʧ həz nɑt bɪn riˈlist ˈpriviəsli. ðɪs ˈsɛkənd riˈlis ɪz dɪˈstrɪbjətəd baɪ kɔʧ ˈrɛkərdz. deɪv rɪˈlisɪz nu ˈælbəm ɪkˈsklusɪvli θru hɪz wɛb saɪt ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 30 deɪv riˈlist ə nu ˈælbəm ˈtaɪtəld ˈfrækʧərd ɪkˈsklusɪvli θru hɪz wɛb saɪt. ɪts riˈlis wɑz pʊʃt bæk ə wik frəm ðə ˈʤænjuˌɛri 23 deɪt əˈnaʊnst ˈərliər. deɪvz wɛb saɪt həz ˈditeɪlz, pləs ə ˌrivˈju əv ðə ˈælbəm. deɪv rɪˈlisɪz nu ˈvɪdioʊ ˈɪntərvˌjuz θru hɪz wɛb saɪt ɔn meɪ 30 2006 deɪv meɪd ðə fərst əv hɪz ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ˈplænət ˈɪntərvˌjuz əˈveɪləbəl fər (fri) ˈdaʊnˌloʊd frəm hɪz wɛb saɪt. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈɪntərvˌjuz ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ deɪv dɪˈskəsɪz hɪz laɪf ənd hɪz ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl bɪˈlifs. ðə fərst pɑrt, əˈveɪləbəl naʊ, ɪz ə ˌsɛgˈmɛnt ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn haʊ hɪz ˈfæməli ənd hɪz ˈrɛdɪŋ ɛz ə ˈtiˌneɪʤər ˈɪnfluənst hɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪks. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtəʧɪz ˈbrifli ɔn ðə ˈtiʧərz hi ˈkrɛdɪts wɪθ ˈgaɪdɪŋ ɪm əˈlɔŋ hɪz pæθ. ju kən riʧ ðə ˈɪntərvˌjuz θru ðə "wəts nu" peɪʤ ɔn deɪvz wɛb saɪt. vjuɪŋ ðə ˈɪntərvˌjuz rikˈwaɪərz ril ˈnɛtˌwərks ər ˈæpəlz kˈwɪkˌtaɪm plug-in*. riˈlist ɔn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 22 2006 θru deɪvz saɪt, θru kɔʧ ɔn mɑrʧ 7 wɑz riˈlist fər dɪˈrɛkt ˈɔrdərɪŋ θru deɪvz wɛb saɪt ɔn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 22 2006 kɔʧ ˈrɛkərdz riˈlist ɪt fər seɪl baɪ ˈriˌteɪlərz ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ɔn mɑrʧ 7 ðɪs ɪz ə ˈsiˈdi. ə nu træk, "gɑd ɪn maɪ breɪn", ɪz əˈkəmpənid baɪ əˈkustɪk ˈvərʒənz əv "ləv gɪts ju", "ðɪs mæn hi wips əv ə klaʊn" ənd stɪl əˈlaɪv", lɪv ˈvərʒənz əv "ˈlɪvɪŋ ɔn ə θɪn laɪn", "ˈstreɪnʤərz", "tu məʧ ɔn maɪ maɪnd" ənd "ˈpɪkʧər bʊk", pləs deɪvz ˈvərʒən əv "gɪv mi ləv", wɪʧ həz bɪn əˈveɪləbəl ˈoʊnli ɔn ðə ʤɔrʤ ˈhɛrɪsən ˈtrɪbjut ˈsiˈdi, sɔŋz frəm ðə məˈtɪriəl wərld. əv ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr noʊt ɪz "wɪn ðə wɪnd bloʊz (ˈimərʤənsi)", frəm deɪvz 1997 ənˈfɪnɪʃt ˈbɪznɪs ep*. ən ˈɑdiˌoʊ klɪp frəm "gɑd ɪn maɪ breɪn" ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ðə "wəts nu" peɪʤ ɔn deɪvz wɛb saɪt. deɪvz ˌriəˌbɪləˈteɪʃən ˈɑrtˌwərk prɪnts ɔn seɪl
|
the u.s federal reserve has released the worst-case scenarios it wants banks to stress test against, and some of them are downright apocalyptic.
as part of the stress tests, which the fed announced it wants banks to do annually, u.s. lenders will have to simulate the effects of a severe recession hitting the u.s. what does that involve, you ask?
in the bleakest scenario, the united states would slip into recession in the fourth quarter of 2011 (the one currently in) and post four consecutive quarters of negative growth. the unemployment rate would peak at%, while the dow jones industrial average would plunge all the way to points (from the current level of). that would be even lower than the financial crisis low in march 2009, when it settled at.
the simulated recession would be deepest in the first quarter of 2012, when real would contract by a whopping%. peak unemployment hit until a year later.
overall, the tests, known as the comprehensive capital analysis and review, lay out 14 economic metrics for banks to include as means of testing their preparedness. the metrics include consumer price inflation levels, treasury yields and mortgage rates.
the tests are designed for the top 31 banks in the u.s. that hold assets of or more. they will generate models that will produce loss estimates and see whether capital ratios are high enough to survive the worst-case scenarios.
the fed will also allow banks to come up with their own scenarios to stress test their finances. either way, it will requires banks to submit their capital plans by january 9, 2012.
for a full list of the metrics that will be used in the tests, check out the u.s. federal website.
• email: | twitter:
|
ðə juz ˈfɛdərəl rɪˈzərv həz riˈlist ðə ˈwərstˈkeɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊz ɪt wɔnts bæŋks tɪ strɛs tɛst əˈgɛnst, ənd səm əv ðɛm ər ˈdaʊnˌraɪt əˌpɑkəˈlɪptɪk. ɛz pɑrt əv ðə strɛs tɛsts, wɪʧ ðə fɛd əˈnaʊnst ɪt wɔnts bæŋks tɪ du ˈænjuəli, juz. ˈlɛndərz wɪl hæv tɪ ˈsɪmjəˌleɪt ðə ˈifɛkts əv ə səˈvɪr ˌriˈsɛʃən ˈhɪtɪŋ ðə juz. wət dɪz ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlv, ju æsk? ɪn ðə ˈblikəst sɪˈnɛrioʊ, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wʊd slɪp ˈɪntu ˌriˈsɛʃən ɪn ðə fɔrθ kˈwɔrtər əv 2011 (ðə wən ˈkərəntli ɪn) ənd poʊst fɔr kənˈsɛkjətɪv kˈwɔrtərz əv ˈnɛgətɪv groʊθ. ðə ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt reɪt wʊd pik æt waɪl ðə daʊ ʤoʊnz ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈævərɪʤ wʊd plənʤ ɔl ðə weɪ tɪ pɔɪnts (frəm ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈlɛvəl əv ðət wʊd bi ˈivɪn loʊər ðən ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkraɪsəs loʊ ɪn mɑrʧ 2009 wɪn ɪt ˈsɛtəld æt ðə ˈsɪmjəˌleɪtɪd ˌriˈsɛʃən wʊd bi ˈdipəst ɪn ðə fərst kˈwɔrtər əv 2012 wɪn ril wʊd ˈkɑnˌtrækt baɪ ə ˈwɑpɪŋ pik ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt hɪt ənˈtɪl ə jɪr ˈleɪtər. ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ðə tɛsts, noʊn ɛz ðə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈkæpɪtəl æˈnælɪsɪs ənd ˌrivˈju, leɪ aʊt 14 ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈmɛtrɪks fər bæŋks tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ɛz minz əv ˈtɛstɪŋ ðɛr priˈpɛrədnəs. ðə ˈmɛtrɪks ˌɪnˈklud kənˈsumər praɪs ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən ˈlɛvəlz, ˈtrɛʒəri jildz ənd ˈmɔrgɪʤ reɪts. ðə tɛsts ər dɪˈzaɪnd fər ðə tɔp 31 bæŋks ɪn ðə juz. ðət hoʊld ˈæˌsɛts əv ər mɔr. ðeɪ wɪl ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ˈmɑdəlz ðət wɪl ˈproʊdus lɔs ˈɛstəˌmeɪts ənd si ˈwɛðər ˈkæpɪtəl ˈreɪʃiˌoʊz ər haɪ ɪˈnəf tɪ sərˈvaɪv ðə ˈwərstˈkeɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊz. ðə fɛd wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊ bæŋks tɪ kəm əp wɪθ ðɛr oʊn sɪˈnɛrioʊz tɪ strɛs tɛst ðɛr ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz. ˈiðər weɪ, ɪt wɪl rikˈwaɪərz bæŋks tɪ səbˈmɪt ðɛr ˈkæpɪtəl plænz baɪ ˈʤænjuˌɛri 9 2012 fər ə fʊl lɪst əv ðə ˈmɛtrɪks ðət wɪl bi juzd ɪn ðə tɛsts, ʧɛk aʊt ðə juz. ˈfɛdərəl ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. iˈmeɪl: tˈwɪtər:
|
while our trusty friends from hidden track were all over this a week or so ago, phish made the news official last night during their second from portsmouth, va: the band will release an audio box set of their two shows that were played at pavilion in chicago during the year 1994. the set is due out on july 31st, and got a few samples from the set that are mastered with fred magic touch…
the first show phish is featuring from the set was their june show at pavilion after stopping by the danny bonaduce show at the loop studios. check out the “divided sky” below…
phish “divided sky” (chicago)]
the band then returned to the city in november to play the night after thanksgiving; the show opened up with a scorching “llama” which you can hear below:
phish “llama” (chicago)]
there are a few bundles available for on this and the artwork for the set was done by pollock; head over to phish dry goods to see the packages.
while the set come out for another month and we have it for another week or so (at the earliest), going to feature a giveaway here on live music blog for the chicago release.
if like a free copy of the chicago release shipped straight to your front door courtesy of our friends at phish and records, just drop a comment below and tell us your favorite thing about chicago a favorite memory about seeing phish specifically in chicago . you can say “pizza” as your answer, but boring as hell. make sure you have a “valid” email address as part of your comment submission so i can get in touch with you if randomly selected to win the prize…. the winner will be notified in a week!
|
waɪl ɑr ˈtrəsti frɛndz frəm ˈhɪdən træk wər ɔl ˈoʊvər ðɪs ə wik ər soʊ əˈgoʊ, fɪʃ meɪd ðə nuz əˈfɪʃəl læst naɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɛr ˈsɛkənd frəm ˈpɔrtsməθ, va*: ðə bænd wɪl riˈlis ən ˈɑdiˌoʊ bɑks sɛt əv ðɛr tu ʃoʊz ðət wər pleɪd æt pəˈvɪljən ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə jɪr 1994 ðə sɛt ɪz du aʊt ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 31st*, ənd gɑt ə fju ˈsæmpəlz frəm ðə sɛt ðət ər ˈmæstərd wɪθ frɛd ˈmæʤɪk touch…*… ðə fərst ʃoʊ fɪʃ ɪz ˈfiʧərɪŋ frəm ðə sɛt wɑz ðɛr ʤun ʃoʊ æt pəˈvɪljən ˈæftər ˈstɑpɪŋ baɪ ðə ˈdæni ˌbɑnəˈduʧi ʃoʊ æt ðə lup ˈstudiˌoʊz. ʧɛk aʊt ðə sky”*” below…*… fɪʃ sky”*” (ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ðə bænd ðɛn rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðə ˈsɪti ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər tɪ pleɪ ðə naɪt ˈæftər ˌθæŋksˈgɪvɪŋ; ðə ʃoʊ ˈoʊpənd əp wɪθ ə ˈskɔrʧɪŋ ““llama”*” wɪʧ ju kən hir bɪˈloʊ: fɪʃ ““llama”*” (ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ðɛr ər ə fju ˈbəndəlz əˈveɪləbəl fər ɔn ðɪs ənd ðə ˈɑrtˌwərk fər ðə sɛt wɑz dən baɪ ˈpɑlək; hɛd ˈoʊvər tɪ fɪʃ draɪ gʊdz tɪ si ðə ˈpækɪʤɪz. waɪl ðə sɛt kəm aʊt fər əˈnəðər mənθ ənd wi hæv ɪt fər əˈnəðər wik ər soʊ (æt ðə ˈərliəst), goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈfiʧər ə ˈgɪvəˌweɪ hir ɔn lɪv mˈjuzɪk blɔg fər ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ riˈlis. ɪf laɪk ə fri ˈkɑpi əv ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ riˈlis ʃɪpt streɪt tɪ jʊr frənt dɔr ˈkərtəsi əv ɑr frɛndz æt fɪʃ ənd ˈrɛkərdz, ʤɪst drɔp ə ˈkɑmɛnt bɪˈloʊ ənd tɛl ˈjuˈɛs jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt θɪŋ əˈbaʊt ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ə ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈmɛməri əˈbaʊt siɪŋ fɪʃ spəˈsɪfɪkli ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ju kən seɪ ““pizza”*” ɛz jʊr ˈænsər, bət ˈbɔrɪŋ ɛz hɛl. meɪk ʃʊr ju hæv ə ““valid”*” iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs ɛz pɑrt əv jʊr ˈkɑmɛnt səbˈmɪʃən soʊ aɪ kən gɪt ɪn təʧ wɪθ ju ɪf ˈrændəmli səˈlɛktɪd tɪ wɪn ðə prize…*…. ðə ˈwɪnər wɪl bi ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd ɪn ə wik!
|
(newser) when you think you probably think of rumbling engines, massive tailpipes, and long trips down dusty highways. but the company's newest project doesn't involve any of that. instead, the company on monday will unveil, its first fully electric bike, the ap reports. after an event in new york, the company will take about two dozen on a tour to let aficionados them. harley is confident they'll enjoy the experience, too. "some people may get on it thinking, 'golf cart,'" the lead engineer predicted. "and they get off thinking, 'rocket ship.'"
the bike has also been spotted on the set of the upcoming movie, reports. it will probably be a few years before the bikes are actually available for public purchase, which's editorial director thinks is a smart move, allowing the company to dip its toe into the market while evaluating demand. still, thinks the performance specs on the early prototypes are "distinctly unimpressive." with a top speed of 92 mph and a range of 53 miles, is "left in the dust of other electric motorcycles currently on sale." (read more stories.)
|
(newser*) wɪn ju θɪŋk ju ˈprɑbəˌbli θɪŋk əv ˈrəmbəlɪŋ ˈɛnʤənz, ˈmæsɪv tailpipes*, ənd lɔŋ trɪps daʊn ˈdəsti ˈhaɪˌweɪz. bət ðə ˈkəmpəniz nuəst ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈdəzənt ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈɛni əv ðət. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ wɪl ənˈveɪl, ɪts fərst ˈfʊli ɪˈlɛktrɪk baɪk, ðə ˌeɪˈpi rɪˈpɔrts. ˈæftər ən ɪˈvɛnt ɪn nu jɔrk, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɪl teɪk əˈbaʊt tu ˈdəzən ɔn ə tʊr tɪ lɛt əˌfɪʃəˈnɑdoʊz ðɛm. ˈhɑrli ɪz ˈkɑnfədənt ðɛl ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns, tu. "səm ˈpipəl meɪ gɪt ɔn ɪt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, 'gɔlf kɑrt,'" ðə lɛd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr prɪˈdɪktɪd. "ənd ðeɪ gɪt ɔf ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, 'ˈrɑkət ʃɪp.'" ðə baɪk həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ˈspɑtɪd ɔn ðə sɛt əv ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈmuvi, rɪˈpɔrts. ɪt wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli bi ə fju jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə baɪks ər ˈæˌkʧuəli əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈpəblɪk ˈpərʧəs, wɪʧ ˌɛdəˈtɔriəl dɪˈrɛktər θɪŋks ɪz ə smɑrt muv, əˈlaʊɪŋ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni tɪ dɪp ɪts toʊ ˈɪntu ðə ˈmɑrkɪt waɪl ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪŋ dɪˈmænd. stɪl, θɪŋks ðə pərˈfɔrməns spɛks ɔn ðə ˈərli ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪps ər "dɪˈstɪŋktli ˌənɪmˈprɛsɪv." wɪθ ə tɔp spid əv 92 ˈɛmˈpiˈeɪʧ ənd ə reɪnʤ əv 53 maɪəlz, ɪz "lɛft ɪn ðə dəst əv ˈəðər ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪkəlz ˈkərəntli ɔn seɪl." (rɛd mɔr ˈstɔriz.)
|
a week after portland trail blazers guard damian lillard wrote an emotional post in response to not being selected to the all-star game, nba commissioner adam silver picked lillard to replace injured los angeles clippers forward blake griffin.
blazers guard damian lillard picked by nba commissioner adam silver to replace an injured blake griffin on the west all-star team. marc j. spears (@marcjspearsespn) february 8, 2015
on sunday, the clippers announced griffin would undergo an operation on his right elbow and be out indefinitely.
in the original statement, lillard said he wanted to thank all of the people who thought "he wasn't good enough," and intimated he was both disappointed and disrespected.
lillard was voted an all-star last season, despite averaging fewer points, assists, steals and rebounds per game than he has so far this season.
blazers' damian lillard inks contract extension with adidas 1 of 3 advertisement
- will green
|
ə wik ˈæftər ˈpɔrtlənd treɪl ˈbleɪzərz gɑrd ˈdeɪmiən ˈlɪlərd roʊt ən ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl poʊst ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ nɑt biɪŋ səˈlɛktɪd tɪ ðə ˌɔlˈstɑr geɪm, ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ kəˈmɪʃənər ˈædəm ˈsɪlvər pɪkt ˈlɪlərd tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ˈɪnʤərd lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈklɪpərz ˈfɔrwərd bleɪk ˈgrɪfɪn. ˈbleɪzərz gɑrd ˈdeɪmiən ˈlɪlərd pɪkt baɪ ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ kəˈmɪʃənər ˈædəm ˈsɪlvər tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ən ˈɪnʤərd bleɪk ˈgrɪfɪn ɔn ðə wɛst ˌɔlˈstɑr tim. mɑrk ʤeɪ. spɪrz (@marcjspearsespn*) ˈfɛbruˌɛri 8 2015 ɔn ˈsənˌdi, ðə ˈklɪpərz əˈnaʊnst ˈgrɪfɪn wʊd ˌəndərˈgoʊ ən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ɔn hɪz raɪt ˈɛlˌboʊ ənd bi aʊt ˌɪnˈdɛfənətli. ɪn ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈsteɪtmənt, ˈlɪlərd sɛd hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ θæŋk ɔl əv ðə ˈpipəl hu θɔt "hi ˈwəzənt gʊd ɪˈnəf," ənd ˈɪntɪˌmeɪtɪd hi wɑz boʊθ ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd ənd ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛktɪd. ˈlɪlərd wɑz ˈvoʊtɪd ən ˌɔlˈstɑr læst ˈsizən, dɪˈspaɪt ˈævrɪʤɪŋ fjuər pɔɪnts, əˈsɪsts, stilz ənd ˈriˌbaʊndz pər geɪm ðən hi həz soʊ fɑr ðɪs ˈsizən. ˈbleɪzərz' ˈdeɪmiən ˈlɪlərd ɪŋks ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɪkˈstɛnʃən wɪθ əˈdidəs 1 əv 3 ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt wɪl grin
|
now first off it is worth pointing out that, unlike most bad ideas, gay marriage is charged with positive emotion. this makes absolute sense, for marriage is to the most extent recognized as a beautiful good. one can understand why this video was so popular:
but we all need to take a deep breath and look at the issue with a little more boredom in our hearts. the answer to this cannot be a slogan yelled to the other side. it takes some thought. in fact, if you are incapable of anything but emotion over this issue which i understand entirely, as often far too in the abortion debate go watch this, no matter what side of the debate on, let it all out, and come back.
the first question has to be: why do governments recognize marriages at all? if the goal of the movement is for gay marriage to be legally recognized and receive all the benefits of that legal recognition, this must be answered.
now shockingly, the answer is not that the government just really, really wants to affirm the love between husband and wife. i suppose be nice, if we got tax breaks because we loved really freaking well. also be drastically stupid. no, governments recognize the institution of marriage as the primary institution responsible for the creation and raising of its members. if the family falters, the society as a whole falters. governments depend on stable families for the health of the society they govern.
it might seem self-evident, that the breakdown of the family leads to the breakdown of society, but just in case: one only need look at the rise of the welfare state, the rise in adolescent suicide, or at the rise in crime to see this. we have a record prison population (2.4 percent of the population in 2003), record numbers of teen suicides, and not coincidentally a record number of “alternative” families. according to harvard sociologist robert sampson “family structure is one of the strongest, if not the strongest, predictor of variations in urban violence across cities in the united states.” when the nuclear family breaks down into divorce, cohabitation etc., society as a whole pays.
now to be clear, this is not an argument against gay marriage quite yet. rather, my argument relies on this foundation: that the reason marriage is recognized by the government is because the health of any society is directly affected by whether or not children are being raised healthily. (duh.) given this, the second question must be: can children be raised just as well by two members of the same sex as by a biological father and mother?
there is not enough research to definitely show that homosexual parenting is worse than traditional parenting. similarly, there is not enough research to definitely show that homosexual parenting is equal to traditional parenting. of the research that exists, on both sides of the debate, most is inadequate due to failure to meet the the basic criteria for sample size, a lack of random sampling, lack of anonymity of research participants, and general presentation bias. so what are we to do? since family is so crucial to the health of society, be an idiot who says, “we know therefore just legalize gay marriage” and be a jerk who says “therefore lets just ban it.” no, we need to look at other information.
this i maintain, that it has been shown time and time again that children thrive best with a biological mother and father because of the very nature of the opposite sexes. child trends, a nonpartisan research organization, summarized the scholarly consensus as such: “[r]esearch clearly demonstrates that family structure matters for children, and the family structure that helps children the most is a family headed by two biological parents in a) if this is true, it follows that removing that dynamic of two opposite sexes would be detrimental to the raising of children. this is all but admitted and bemoaned when it comes to divorce, single parenting and cohabitation. it is contested when applied to same-sex parenting. run through a couple of the benefits to children that arise solely out of the complementary nature of the two sexes, shall we?
thanks to pregnancy and breastfeeding, women experience high levels of the hormone peptide oxytocin, a chemical that bonds them to their children. as a result, “mothers are more sensitive to the cries, words, and gestures of infants, toddlers, and adolescents, and, partly as a consequence, they are better at providing physical and emotional nurture to their, 2, 3)
fathers, on the other hand, “excel when it comes to providing discipline, ensuring safety, and challenging their children to embrace opportunities and confront difficulties. the greater physical size and strength of most fathers, along with the pitch and inflection of their voice and the directive character of their speaking, give them an advantage when it comes to discipline, an advantage that is particularly evident with boys, who are more likely to comply with their fathers’ than their mothers’ discipline” (11). this is not incidental to their gender; it is the result of it. the increased testosterone of men gives them this dominance and assertiveness. thus two essential elements to the development of children nurture and discipline are fulfilled in the two sexes.
this is not to say that a gay couple could not play that missing role essential to the development of a child. it is simply to say that it is not innate, and thus not as likely to be fulfilled as would be in a traditional marriage. the evidence that being raised by just one sex is detrimental to a child can be seen in the children of single parent homes. a cambridge study found that 37 percent of children born outside of marriage and 31 percent of children with divorced parents dropped out of high school, compared to 13 percent of children from intact families headed by a married mother and father. (4) a study of the entire population of swedish children found that swedish boys and girls in homes were about 50 percent less likely to suffer from suicide attempts, alcohol and drug abuse, and serious psychiatric illnesses compared to children reared in homes (5).
i suppose it could be argued here that this is simply because families are less likely to be wealthy. (update: this argument would essentially be saying that the problem that hurts children is not the lack of a particular sex but the lack of the economic stability that comes with having two people raising a child, and not just one. this update is necessary because folks in the keep saying “you’re mixing up families with gay families!” so to all those of that mindset, read and and understand:) but according to a review of all available american data/literature, family structure has more of a consequence on a psychological and behavioral outcomes than poverty. it seems that the lack of money just compare to the lack of a dad or a mom (6). sex matters. the lack of a mom and a dad has been shown to be the foremost problem in families. same-sex marriages by default, not by failure lack in this same regard.
similarly, it matters for the sexual development of girls. “teenage girls who grow up with a single mother or a stepfather are significantly more likely to experience early menstruation and sexual development, compared to girls reared in homes headed by a married mother and father” (7, 11). they are as a consequence more likely to experience teenage pregnancy (8). why? because sexual development is stimulated by the pheromones of males. this is a for lesbian parents, and a major issue for homosexual male parents.
but lesbian parents and anyone else who use artificial technologies and sperm donation to become pregnant have to face a serious truth. according to yale psychiatrist kyle pruett, art children by and large have a “hunger for an abiding paternal presence” (9). this was struck home to me by the website anonymousus, that includes stories about struggle for identity.
in the absence of good research on homosexual parenting, we have to look at the research on parenting in general. and this research consistently points to the fact that the best family situation is one with a faithful father and mother. it is a fact that the introduction will not lead to more families, and i sincerely doubt that the introduction of gay marriage will lead to more faithful families in general. general social survey, sponsored by the national science foundation and based at the university of chicago, concludes that there is about a 25 percent lifetime infidelity rate amidst couples. compare this to the 50% percent of gay men in vermont entering civil unions who said that fidelity is not important to their relationships (10). obviously, this is a single location, but it fits with the overall lack of fidelity in homosexual relationships. if there is a single study that shows homosexuals relationships to be equally as faithful as heterosexual relationships, and not drastically less, i have not found it.
the goodness of the nuclear family is a small part of why i think gay marriage is a bad idea. this is not to say that i believe the government should do this or that, it is simply to point out that if our society depends on families we should avoid undermining the family in favor of an “anything with love goes” mentality. obviously, one can scarcely stand against gay marriage in this way without standing against divorce and cohabitation. i do stand against these. not about gays not being accepted, or not being worthy, or not being in love enough. my life is full enough of awesome gay people to know that this is mere bigotry. about the very purpose of marriage, and how well a mother and father fulfill it. but obviously, a heterosexual and thus innately biased, so like to take the opportunity to point out a couple of catholic men who strongly oppose gay marriage. there very existence should give the movement pause:
http://www.stevegershom.com/,
http://catholicboyrichard.wordpress.com/
http://jamesmerton.com/
and of course, read this:
http://youngandcatholic.net/2011/07/catholic-and-gay/
a gay reader responds
sources
1. kristin anderson moore, susan m. jekielek, and carol emig, 2002. “marriage from a perspective: how does family structure affect children, and what can be done about it?” research brief, june 2002. washington, dc: child trends. p. 6.
2. eleanor maccoby. 1998. the two sexes: growing up apart, coming together. cambridge: harvard university
3. david geary. 1998. male, female: the evolution of human sex differences. washington, dc: american
4. sara mclanahan and gary sandefur. 1994. growing up with a single parent. cambridge: harvard university press.
wilcox et al. 2005. elizabeth marquardt.. between two worlds: the inner lives of children of divorce. new york: crown.
5. weitoft, anders hjern, bengt haglund, and mans rosen. 2003. “mortality, severe morbidity, and injury in children living with single parents in sweden: a study.” the lancet 361:.
6. sara mclanahan. 1997. “parent absence or poverty: which matters more?” in g. duncan and j. brooksgunn, consequences of growing up poor. new york: russell sage.
7. bruce ellis. 2002. “timing of maturation in girls: an integrated life history approach.” psychology bulletin 130:.
8. mclanahan and sandefur. 1994. bruce ellis et al. 2003. “does father absence place daughters at special risk for early sexual activity and teenage pregnancy?” child development 74:.
9. kyle pruett. 2000. fatherneed. new york: broadway. p. 207. see also marquardt. and david popenoe. 1996. life without father. cambridge: harvard university press
10. esther and sondra solomon. 2003. civil unions in the state of vermont: a report on the first year. university of vermont department of psychology.
11. most of my understanding and subsequent quoting came from this awesome review of marriage in relation to the public good. read it.
|
naʊ fərst ɔf ɪt ɪz wərθ ˈpɔɪntɪŋ aʊt ðət, ənˈlaɪk moʊst bæd aɪˈdiəz, geɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈpɑzətɪv ˈiˌmoʊʃən. ðɪs meɪks ˈæbsəˌlut sɛns, fər ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz tɪ ðə moʊst ɪkˈstɛnt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ɛz ə ˈbjutəfəl gʊd. wən kən ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ðɪs ˈvɪdioʊ wɑz soʊ ˈpɑpjələr: bət wi ɔl nid tɪ teɪk ə dip brɛθ ənd lʊk æt ðə ˈɪʃu wɪθ ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈbɔrdəm ɪn ɑr hɑrts. ðə ˈænsər tɪ ðɪs ˈkænɑt bi ə sˈloʊgən jɛld tɪ ðə ˈəðər saɪd. ɪt teɪks səm θɔt. ɪn fækt, ɪf ju ər ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bət ˈiˌmoʊʃən ˈoʊvər ðɪs ˈɪʃu wɪʧ aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ɪnˈtaɪərli, ɛz ˈɔfən fɑr tu ɪn ðə əˈbɔrʃən dəˈbeɪt goʊ wɔʧ ðɪs, noʊ ˈmætər wət saɪd əv ðə dəˈbeɪt ɔn, lɛt ɪt ɔl aʊt, ənd kəm bæk. ðə fərst kˈwɛʃən həz tɪ bi: waɪ du ˈgəvərnmənts ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ˈmɛrɪʤɪz æt ɔl? ɪf ðə goʊl əv ðə ˈmuvmənt ɪz fər geɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ tɪ bi ˈligəli ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ənd rɪˈsiv ɔl ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ðət ˈligəl ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən, ðɪs məst bi ˈænsərd. naʊ ˈʃɑkɪŋli, ðə ˈænsər ɪz nɑt ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ʤɪst ˈrɪli, ˈrɪli wɔnts tɪ əˈfərm ðə ləv bɪtˈwin ˈhəzbənd ənd waɪf. aɪ səˈpoʊz bi nis, ɪf wi gɑt tæks breɪks bɪˈkəz wi ləvd ˈrɪli ˈfrikɪŋ wɛl. ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈdræstɪkli ˈstupɪd. noʊ, ˈgəvərnmənts ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ɛz ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə kriˈeɪʃən ənd ˈreɪzɪŋ əv ɪts ˈmɛmbərz. ɪf ðə ˈfæməli ˈfɔltərz, ðə soʊˈsaɪɪti ɛz ə hoʊl ˈfɔltərz. ˈgəvərnmənts dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ˈsteɪbəl ˈfæməliz fər ðə hɛlθ əv ðə soʊˈsaɪɪti ðeɪ ˈgəvərn. ɪt maɪt sim self-evident*, ðət ðə ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn əv ðə ˈfæməli lidz tɪ ðə ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn əv soʊˈsaɪɪti, bət ʤɪst ɪn keɪs: wən ˈoʊnli nid lʊk æt ðə raɪz əv ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr steɪt, ðə raɪz ɪn ˌædəˈlɛsənt ˈsuɪˌsaɪd, ər æt ðə raɪz ɪn kraɪm tɪ si ðɪs. wi hæv ə ˈrɛkərd ˈprɪzən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪn 2003 ˈrɛkərd ˈnəmbərz əv tin ˈsuəˌsaɪdz, ənd nɑt koʊˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli ə ˈrɛkərd ˈnəmbər əv ““alternative”*” ˈfæməliz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈhɑrvərd ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪst ˈrɑbərt ˈsæmpsən ˈstrəkʧər ɪz wən əv ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst, ɪf nɑt ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst, prɪˈdɪktər əv ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz ɪn ˈərbən ˈvaɪələns əˈkrɔs ˈsɪtiz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd states.”*.” wɪn ðə ˈnukliər ˈfæməli breɪks daʊn ˈɪntu dɪˈvɔrs, koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən ˌɛtˈsɛtərə., soʊˈsaɪɪti ɛz ə hoʊl peɪz. naʊ tɪ bi klɪr, ðɪs ɪz nɑt ən ˈɑrgjəmənt əˈgɛnst geɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ kwaɪt jɛt. ˈrəðər, maɪ ˈɑrgjəmənt rɪˈlaɪz ɔn ðɪs faʊnˈdeɪʃən: ðət ðə ˈrizən ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz bɪˈkəz ðə hɛlθ əv ˈɛni soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪz dɪˈrɛkli əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ˈʧɪldrən ər biɪŋ reɪzd healthily*. (də.) ˈgɪvɪn ðɪs, ðə ˈsɛkənd kˈwɛʃən məst bi: kən ˈʧɪldrən bi reɪzd ʤɪst ɛz wɛl baɪ tu ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə seɪm sɛks ɛz baɪ ə ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈfɑðər ənd ˈməðər? ðɛr ɪz nɑt ɪˈnəf ˈrisərʧ tɪ ˈdɛfənətli ʃoʊ ðət ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuəl ˈpɛrəntɪŋ ɪz wərs ðən trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈpɛrəntɪŋ. ˈsɪmələrli, ðɛr ɪz nɑt ɪˈnəf ˈrisərʧ tɪ ˈdɛfənətli ʃoʊ ðət ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuəl ˈpɛrəntɪŋ ɪz ˈikwəl tɪ trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈpɛrəntɪŋ. əv ðə ˈrisərʧ ðət ɪgˈzɪsts, ɔn boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə dəˈbeɪt, moʊst ɪz ˌɪˈnædəkˌweɪt du tɪ ˈfeɪljər tɪ mit ðə ðə ˈbeɪsɪk kraɪˈtɪriə fər ˈsæmpəl saɪz, ə læk əv ˈrændəm ˈsæmplɪŋ, læk əv ˌænəˈnɪmɪti əv ˈrisərʧ pɑrˈtɪsəpənts, ənd ˈʤɛnərəl ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən baɪəs. soʊ wət ər wi tɪ du? sɪns ˈfæməli ɪz soʊ ˈkruʃəl tɪ ðə hɛlθ əv soʊˈsaɪɪti, bi ən ˈɪˌdiət hu sɪz, noʊ ˈðɛrˌfɔr ʤɪst ˈligəˌlaɪz geɪ marriage”*” ənd bi ə ʤərk hu sɪz lɛts ʤɪst bæn it.”*.” noʊ, wi nid tɪ lʊk æt ˈəðər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ðɪs aɪ meɪnˈteɪn, ðət ɪt həz bɪn ʃoʊn taɪm ənd taɪm əˈgɛn ðət ˈʧɪldrən θraɪv bɛst wɪθ ə ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈməðər ənd ˈfɑðər bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈvɛri ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˈɑpəzɪt ˈsɛksɪz. ʧaɪld trɛnz, ə nɑnˈpɑrtəzən ˈrisərʧ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən, ˈsəmərˌaɪzd ðə ˈskɑlərli kənˈsɛnsəs ɛz səʧ: ˈklɪrli ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts ðət ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər ˈmætərz fər ˈʧɪldrən, ənd ðə ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər ðət hɛlps ˈʧɪldrən ðə moʊst ɪz ə ˈfæməli ˈhɛdɪd baɪ tu ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpɛrənts ɪn ə ɪf ðɪs ɪz tru, ɪt ˈfɑloʊz ðət riˈmuvɪŋ ðət daɪˈnæmɪk əv tu ˈɑpəzɪt ˈsɛksɪz wʊd bi ˌdɛtrəˈmɛnəl tɪ ðə ˈreɪzɪŋ əv ˈʧɪldrən. ðɪs ɪz ɔl bət ədˈmɪtəd ənd bɪˈmoʊnd wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ dɪˈvɔrs, ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpɛrəntɪŋ ənd koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən. ɪt ɪz kənˈtɛstəd wɪn əˈplaɪd tɪ ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈpɛrəntɪŋ. rən θru ə ˈkəpəl əv ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts tɪ ˈʧɪldrən ðət əraɪz ˈsoʊəli aʊt əv ðə ˌkɑmpləˈmɛnʧi ˈneɪʧər əv ðə tu ˈsɛksɪz, ʃæl wi? θæŋks tɪ ˈprɛgnənsi ənd ˈbrɛstfidɪŋ, ˈwɪmən ɪkˈspɪriəns haɪ ˈlɛvəlz əv ðə ˈhɔrˌmoʊn ˈpɛpˌtaɪd ˌɑksəˈtoʊsən, ə ˈkɛmɪkəl ðət bɑndz ðɛm tɪ ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ər mɔr ˈsɛnsɪtɪv tɪ ðə kraɪz, wərdz, ənd ˈʤɛsʧərz əv ˈɪnfənts, ˈtɑdlərz, ənd ˌædəˈlɛsənts, ənd, ˈpɑrtli ɛz ə ˈkɑnsəkwəns, ðeɪ ər ˈbɛtər æt prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈfɪzɪkəl ənd ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈnərʧər tɪ ðɛr 2 3 ˈfɑðərz, ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈdɪsəplən, ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ˈseɪfti, ənd ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən tɪ ɪmˈbreɪs ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ənd kənˈfrənt ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz. ðə ˈgreɪtər ˈfɪzɪkəl saɪz ənd strɛŋθ əv moʊst ˈfɑðərz, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə pɪʧ ənd ˌɪnˈflɛkʃən əv ðɛr vɔɪs ənd ðə dɪˈrɛktɪv ˈkɛrɪktər əv ðɛr ˈspikɪŋ, gɪv ðɛm ən ædˈvæntɪʤ wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈdɪsəplən, ən ædˈvæntɪʤ ðət ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈɛvədənt wɪθ bɔɪz, hu ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ kəmˈplaɪ wɪθ ðɛr fathers’*’ ðən ðɛr mothers’*’ discipline”*” 11 ðɪs ɪz nɑt ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl tɪ ðɛr ˈʤɛndər; ɪt ɪz ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ɪt. ðə ˌɪnˈkrist ˌtɛˈstɑstərˌoʊn əv mɛn gɪvz ðɛm ðɪs ˈdɑmənəns ənd əˈsərtɪvnəs. ðəs tu ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈɛləmənts tɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈʧɪldrən ˈnərʧər ənd ˈdɪsəplən ər fʊlˈfɪld ɪn ðə tu ˈsɛksɪz. ðɪs ɪz nɑt tɪ seɪ ðət ə geɪ ˈkəpəl kʊd nɑt pleɪ ðət ˈmɪsɪŋ roʊl ɛˈsɛnʃəl tɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ə ʧaɪld. ɪt ɪz ˈsɪmpli tɪ seɪ ðət ɪt ɪz nɑt ˌɪˈneɪt, ənd ðəs nɑt ɛz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi fʊlˈfɪld ɛz wʊd bi ɪn ə trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈmɛrɪʤ. ðə ˈɛvədəns ðət biɪŋ reɪzd baɪ ʤɪst wən sɛks ɪz ˌdɛtrəˈmɛnəl tɪ ə ʧaɪld kən bi sin ɪn ðə ˈʧɪldrən əv ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpɛrənt hoʊmz. ə ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˈstədi faʊnd ðət 37 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈʧɪldrən bɔrn ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd 31 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈʧɪldrən wɪθ dɪˈvɔrst ˈpɛrənts drɑpt aʊt əv haɪ skul, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ 13 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈʧɪldrən frəm ˌɪnˈtækt ˈfæməliz ˈhɛdɪd baɪ ə ˈmɛrid ˈməðər ənd ˈfɑðər. 4 ə ˈstədi əv ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv sˈwidɪʃ ˈʧɪldrən faʊnd ðət sˈwidɪʃ bɔɪz ənd gərlz ɪn hoʊmz wər əˈbaʊt 50 pərˈsɛnt lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈsəfər frəm ˈsuɪˌsaɪd əˈtɛmpts, ˈælkəˌhɑl ənd drəg əˈbjuz, ənd ˈsɪriəs ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk ˈɪlnəsɪz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈʧɪldrən rɪrd ɪn hoʊmz 5 aɪ səˈpoʊz ɪt kʊd bi ˈɑrgjud hir ðət ðɪs ɪz ˈsɪmpli bɪˈkəz ˈfæməliz ər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈwɛlθi. (ˈəpˌdeɪt: ðɪs ˈɑrgjəmənt wʊd ɛˈsɛnʃəli bi seɪɪŋ ðət ðə ˈprɑbləm ðət hərts ˈʧɪldrən ɪz nɑt ðə læk əv ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr sɛks bət ðə læk əv ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk stəˈbɪlɪti ðət kəmz wɪθ ˈhævɪŋ tu ˈpipəl ˈreɪzɪŋ ə ʧaɪld, ənd nɑt ʤɪst wən. ðɪs ˈəpˌdeɪt ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri bɪˈkəz foʊks ɪn ðə kip seɪɪŋ ˈmɪksɪŋ əp ˈfæməliz wɪθ geɪ families!”*!” soʊ tɪ ɔl ðoʊz əv ðət ˈmaɪndˌsɛt, rɛd ənd ənd ˌəndərˈstænd:) bət əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˌrivˈju əv ɔl əˈveɪləbəl əˈmɛrɪkən data/literature*, ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər həz mɔr əv ə ˈkɑnsəkwəns ɔn ə ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ənd bɪˈheɪvjərəl ˈaʊtˌkəmz ðən ˈpɑvərti. ɪt simz ðət ðə læk əv ˈməni ʤɪst kəmˈpɛr tɪ ðə læk əv ə dæd ər ə mɑm 6 sɛks ˈmætərz. ðə læk əv ə mɑm ənd ə dæd həz bɪn ʃoʊn tɪ bi ðə ˈfɔrˌmoʊst ˈprɑbləm ɪn ˈfæməliz. ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈmɛrɪʤɪz baɪ dɪˈfɔlt, nɑt baɪ ˈfeɪljər læk ɪn ðɪs seɪm rɪˈgɑrd. ˈsɪmələrli, ɪt ˈmætərz fər ðə ˈsɛkʃuəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv gərlz. gərlz hu groʊ əp wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈməðər ər ə ˈstɛpˌfɑðər ər sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈərli ˌmɛnstruˈeɪʃən ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ gərlz rɪrd ɪn hoʊmz ˈhɛdɪd baɪ ə ˈmɛrid ˈməðər ənd father”*” 7 11 ðeɪ ər ɛz ə ˈkɑnsəkwəns mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈtiˌneɪʤ ˈprɛgnənsi 8 waɪ? bɪˈkəz ˈsɛkʃuəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪz ˈstɪmjəˌleɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈfɛrəˌmoʊnz əv meɪlz. ðɪs ɪz ə fər ˈlɛzbiən ˈpɛrənts, ənd ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈɪʃu fər ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuəl meɪl ˈpɛrənts. bət ˈlɛzbiən ˈpɛrənts ənd ˈɛniˌwən ɛls hu juz ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ənd spərm doʊˈneɪʃən tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈprɛgnənt hæv tɪ feɪs ə ˈsɪriəs truθ. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ jeɪl səˈkaɪətrəst kaɪl prut, ɑrt ˈʧɪldrən baɪ ənd lɑrʤ hæv ə fər ən əˈbaɪdɪŋ pəˈtərnəl presence”*” 9 ðɪs wɑz strək hoʊm tɪ mi baɪ ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt anonymousus*, ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ˈstɔriz əˈbaʊt ˈstrəgəl fər aɪˈdɛntəˌti. ɪn ðə ˈæbsəns əv gʊd ˈrisərʧ ɔn ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuəl ˈpɛrəntɪŋ, wi hæv tɪ lʊk æt ðə ˈrisərʧ ɔn ˈpɛrəntɪŋ ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl. ənd ðɪs ˈrisərʧ kənˈsɪstəntli pɔɪnts tɪ ðə fækt ðət ðə bɛst ˈfæməli ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪz wən wɪθ ə ˈfeɪθfəl ˈfɑðər ənd ˈməðər. ɪt ɪz ə fækt ðət ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən wɪl nɑt lɛd tɪ mɔr ˈfæməliz, ənd aɪ sɪnˈsɪrli daʊt ðət ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv geɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ wɪl lɛd tɪ mɔr ˈfeɪθfəl ˈfæməliz ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl. ˈʤɛnərəl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsərˌveɪ, ˈspɑnsərd baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl saɪəns faʊnˈdeɪʃən ənd beɪst æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, kənˈkludz ðət ðɛr ɪz əˈbaʊt ə 25 pərˈsɛnt ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm ˌɪnfɪˈdɛlɪti reɪt əˈmɪdst ˈkəpəlz. kəmˈpɛr ðɪs tɪ ðə 50 pərˈsɛnt əv geɪ mɛn ɪn vərˈmɑnt ˈɛnərɪŋ ˈsɪvəl ˈjunjənz hu sɛd ðət ˌfaɪˈdɛləti ɪz nɑt ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ðɛr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps 10 ˈɑbviəsli, ðɪs ɪz ə ˈsɪŋgəl loʊˈkeɪʃən, bət ɪt fɪts wɪθ ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl læk əv ˌfaɪˈdɛləti ɪn ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps. ɪf ðɛr ɪz ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈstədi ðət ʃoʊz ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkˌʃuəlz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps tɪ bi ˈikwəli ɛz ˈfeɪθfəl ɛz ˌhɛtəroʊˈsɛkˌʃuəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps, ənd nɑt ˈdræstɪkli lɛs, aɪ hæv nɑt faʊnd ɪt. ðə ˈgʊdnɪs əv ðə ˈnukliər ˈfæməli ɪz ə smɔl pɑrt əv waɪ aɪ θɪŋk geɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz ə bæd aɪˈdiə. ðɪs ɪz nɑt tɪ seɪ ðət aɪ bɪˈliv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ʃʊd du ðɪs ər ðət, ɪt ɪz ˈsɪmpli tɪ pɔɪnt aʊt ðət ɪf ɑr soʊˈsaɪɪti dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ˈfæməliz wi ʃʊd əˈvɔɪd ˈəndərˌmaɪnɪŋ ðə ˈfæməli ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ən wɪθ ləv goes”*” mɛnˈtælɪti. ˈɑbviəsli, wən kən ˈskɛrsli stænd əˈgɛnst geɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪn ðɪs weɪ wɪˈθaʊt ˈstændɪŋ əˈgɛnst dɪˈvɔrs ənd koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən. aɪ du stænd əˈgɛnst ðiz. nɑt əˈbaʊt geɪz nɑt biɪŋ ækˈsɛptɪd, ər nɑt biɪŋ ˈwərði, ər nɑt biɪŋ ɪn ləv ɪˈnəf. maɪ laɪf ɪz fʊl ɪˈnəf əv ˈɔsəm geɪ ˈpipəl tɪ noʊ ðət ðɪs ɪz mɪr ˈbɪgətri. əˈbaʊt ðə ˈvɛri ˈpərpəs əv ˈmɛrɪʤ, ənd haʊ wɛl ə ˈməðər ənd ˈfɑðər fʊlˈfɪl ɪt. bət ˈɑbviəsli, ə ˌhɛtəroʊˈsɛkˌʃuəl ənd ðəs ˌɪˈneɪtli baɪəst, soʊ laɪk tɪ teɪk ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ pɔɪnt aʊt ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈkæθlɪk mɛn hu ˈstrɔŋli əˈpoʊz geɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ. ðɛr ˈvɛri ɪgˈzɪstəns ʃʊd gɪv ðə ˈmuvmənt pɔz: http://www.stevegershom.com*/, http://catholicboyrichard.wordpress.com*/ http://jamesmerton.com*/ ənd əv kɔrs, rɛd ðɪs: http://youngandcatholic.net/2011/07/catholic-and-gay*/ ə geɪ ˈridər rɪˈspɑndz ˈsɔrsəz 1 ˈkrɪstɪn ˈændərsən mʊr, ˈsuzən ɛm. jekielek*, ənd ˈkɛrəl ˈɛmɪg, 2002 frəm ə pərˈspɛktɪv: haʊ dɪz ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər əˈfɛkt ˈʧɪldrən, ənd wət kən bi dən əˈbaʊt it?”*?” ˈrisərʧ brif, ʤun 2002 ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ˌdiˈsi: ʧaɪld trɛnz. pi. 6 2 ˈɛlənər maccoby*. 1998 ðə tu ˈsɛksɪz: groʊɪŋ əp əˈpɑrt, ˈkəmɪŋ təˈgɛðər. ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ: ˈhɑrvərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti 3 ˈdeɪvɪd ˈgɪri. 1998 meɪl, ˈfiˌmeɪl: ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ˈjumən sɛks ˈdɪfərənsɪz. ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ˌdiˈsi: əˈmɛrɪkən 4 ˈsɛrə məˈklænəhæn ənd ˈgɛri ˈsændɛfər. 1994 groʊɪŋ əp wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpɛrənt. ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ: ˈhɑrvərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs. ˈwɪlkɑks ɛt æl. 2005 ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ˈmɑrkwɑrt.. bɪtˈwin tu wərldz: ðə ˈɪnər lɪvz əv ˈʧɪldrən əv dɪˈvɔrs. nu jɔrk: kraʊn. 5 weitoft*, ˈændərz hjern*, bɛŋkt ˈhæglənd, ənd mænz ˈroʊzən. 2003 ““mortality*, səˈvɪr mɔrˈbɪdəti, ənd ˈɪnʤəri ɪn ˈʧɪldrən ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpɛrənts ɪn sˈwidən: ə study.”*.” ðə ˈlænsət 361 6 ˈsɛrə məˈklænəhæn. 1997 ˈæbsəns ər ˈpɑvərti: wɪʧ ˈmætərz more?”*?” ɪn ʤi. ˈdəŋkən ənd ʤeɪ. brooksgunn*, ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv groʊɪŋ əp pur. nu jɔrk: ˈrəsəl seɪʤ. 7 brus ˈɛlɪs. 2002 əv ˌmæʧʊˈreɪʃən ɪn gərlz: ən ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd laɪf ˈhɪstəri approach.”*.” saɪˈkɑləʤi ˈbʊlɪtən 130 8 məˈklænəhæn ənd ˈsændɛfər. 1994 brus ˈɛlɪs ɛt æl. 2003 ˈfɑðər ˈæbsəns pleɪs ˈdɔtərz æt ˈspɛʃəl rɪsk fər ˈərli ˈsɛkʃuəl ækˈtɪvɪti ənd ˈtiˌneɪʤ pregnancy?”*?” ʧaɪld dɪˈvɛləpmənt 74 9 kaɪl prut. 2000 fatherneed*. nu jɔrk: ˈbrɔdˌweɪ. pi. 207 si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmɑrkwɑrt. ənd ˈdeɪvɪd popenoe*. 1996 laɪf wɪˈθaʊt ˈfɑðər. ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ: ˈhɑrvərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs 10 ˈɛstər ənd ˈsɑndrə ˈsɑləmən. 2003 ˈsɪvəl ˈjunjənz ɪn ðə steɪt əv vərˈmɑnt: ə rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ðə fərst jɪr. ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv vərˈmɑnt dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv saɪˈkɑləʤi. 11 moʊst əv maɪ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ənd ˈsəbsəkwənt kˈwoʊtɪŋ keɪm frəm ðɪs ˈɔsəm ˌrivˈju əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk gʊd. rɛd ɪt.
|
about the author
(newstarget) the new monsanto has clearly come to dominate the american food chain with its genetically modified (gm) seeds. it's a master at enforcing its 674 biotechnology patents, using tyrannical and ruthless tactics against small farmers. this new monsanto has also moved into theoduction of milk with it artificial growth hormones, seeking to dominate the dairy industry as effectively as it has the seed business. has this new corporate image made us forget about the old monsanto's decades long history of scorched earth and toxic article in the may, 2008 edition the history of monsanto from its beginnings to its efforts to shed itself of the image of toxic environmental and human was founded in 1901 by john francis who had an idea to make money manufacturing saccharin, an artificial sweetener then imported from germany. he called his company monsanto chemical works. the german cartel then controlling the market for saccharin tried to force out of business, but his persistence and the loyalty of one steady customer, coca-cola, kept the company going. vanillin, caffeine, sedative drugs, laxatives and aspirin had been added to the arsenal ofoducts when supplies were cut off from europe during world war i, forcing monsanto to manufacture its own, and positioning it as a leading force in the american chemical the 1920's,'s son took over and built monsanto into a global powerhouse, extending into theoduction of an astounding array of plastic, rubber and vinyl goods, fertilizers, herbicides and the monsanto moved into biotechnology. by 1982 it had become the first to genetically modify a plant cell, making it possible to introduce virtually any gene into plant cells to improve cropoductivity. according to vanity fair writers donald l. barlett and james b. steele, monsanto sought to portray seeds as a panacea for alleviating poverty and feeding the the late 1990's, monsanto spun off its chemical and fibers businesses into a new company called. it then itself and emerged as an agricultural literature refers to monsanto as a "relatively new company" with theimary goal of helping "farmers around the world in their mission to feed, clothe and fuel" the planet. the listed corporate milestones are from the recent era. there is no mention of the old monsanto's potential responsibility for more than 50 environmentalotection agency superfund sites. and it does not mention that the reason for the formation of was to channel the bulk of the mounting chemical lawsuits and liabilities into the spun off company, keeping the new monsanto name keeping the new corporate image polished may be a tough task. for many years monsantooduced two of the most toxic substances ever known- polychlorinated biphenyls, known as, and dioxin. several courtoceedings regarding these substances remain the town of nitro, west virginia, monsanto operated a chemical plant from 1929 to 1995, making an herbicide that had dioxin as a by-product. the name dioxin refers to a group of highly toxic chemicals that have been linked to heart and liver disease, human reproductive disorders, and developmentaloblems. dioxin persists in the environment and accumulates in the body, even in small amounts. in 2001, the u.s. government listed dioxin as a "known human 1949, at the nitro plant, aessure valve blew on a container of this herbicide,oducing a plume of vapor and white smoke that drifted out over the town. residue coated the interior of buildings and those inside them with a fine black powder. within days, workers experienced skin eruptions, and many were diagnosed with chloracne, a long lasting and disfiguring condition. others felt intense pains in their chest, legs and trunk. a medical report from the time said the explosion "caused a systemic intoxication in the workers involving most major organ systems." doctors detected a strong odor coming from the patients they described as men a foreign chemical through their downplayed the incident, saying that the contaminant was "fairly slow acting" and only an irritant to the skin.meanwhile, the nitro plant continued tooduce herbicides, in the it manufactured agent orange, the powerful herbicide used by the u.s. military to jungles during the vietnam war, and which became the focus of lawsuits by veterans contending they had been harmed by exposure to the chemical. agent orange also created dioxin as a the nitro plant, dioxin waste went into landfills, storm drains, streams, sewers, into bags with the herbicide, and then the waste was burned out into the air. dioxin from the plant can still be found in nearby streams, rivers, and fish. residents have sued monsanto and for damages, but monsanto claims "the allegations are without merit" andomises to vigorously defend itself. the suit may drag on for years. monsanto has the resources to wait; plaintiffs usually 1929 to 1971, the anniston, alabama plantoduced as industrial coolants and insulating fluids for transformers and other electrical equipment. became central to american industries as lubricants, hydraulic fluids, and sealants. are highly toxic members of a family of chemicals that mimic hormones, and have been linked to damage in the liver and nervous system, as well as immune, endocrine and reproductive disorders. the environmentalotective agency (epa), and the agency for toxic substances and disease registry, part of health and human services, classify as "probably carcinogens".today, after tons of contaminated soil have been removed in an effort to reclaim the anniston site, the area around the old monsanto plant continues to be one of the most polluted spots in the u.s. while the plant was inoduction, excess were dumped in a nearby landfill or allowed to flow off theoperty with storm water. some were poured directly into a creek running alongside the plant and emptying into a larger stream. are contained inivate lawns fertilized with soil from the people of anniston have breathed air, planted gardens, drunk from wells, fished in rivers, and swum in creeks contaminated with without knowing the danger. as public awareness grew in the 1990's, health authorities found elevated levels of in houses, yards, streams, fields, fish- and people. the cleanup is now underway, and will take years, but once is absorbed into human tissue, it is there closed its plant in wales in 1977. in recent years, residents of groesfaen, in southern wales, have noticed vile odors emanating from an old quarry outside their village. as it turns out, monsanto dumped thousands of tons of waste from its nearby plant into the quarry. british authorities have identified the site as one of the most contaminated places in did monsanto know about the potential dangers of the chemicals it manufactured? information from court records indicates monsanto knew quite a lot. the evidence that monsanto refused to face questions about the toxicity ofs is 1956, the company tried to sell its containing hydraulic fluid, 150, to the navy. monsanto supplied the navy with test results from theoduct, but the navy decided to do its own testing. as a result, navy officials informed monsanto that they would not buy theoduct, saying that "application of 150 caused death in all of the rabbits tested" and indicated "definite liver damage". according to an internal monsanto memo divulged during a courtoceeding, "no matter how we discussed the situation, it was impossible to change their thinking that 150 is just too toxic for use in submarines", stated monsanto's medical 1966, a biologist conducting studies for monsanto in streams near the anniston plant submerged test fish. he reported to monsanto that, "all 25 fish lost equilibrium and turned on their sides in 10 seconds and all were dead in 3 company swung into action to limit the damage when the food and drug administration found high levels of in fish near the anniston plant in 1970. an internal memo entitled "confidential- f.y.i. and destroy" from a monsanto official, reviewed steps to limit disclosure of the information. one aspect of the strategy was to get public officials to fight monsanto's battle: "joe crockett, secretary of the alabama water improvement commission will try to handle theoblem quietly without release of the information to the public at this time," according to the plant manager of monsanto's anniston site "convinced" a reporter for the anniston star that there was nothing to worry about. an internal memo from monsanto's headquarters in st. louis, summarized the story that subsequently appeared in the newspaper: "quoting both plant management and the alabama water improvement commissions, the feature emphasized theoblem was relatively new, was being solved by monsanto and, at this point, was no cause for public real truth is that there was huge cause for public alarm for the harm done to the public by monsanto. but that was the old monsanto, not today's shiny new monsanto. today's monsanto says it can be trusted- that its biotech crops are "as wholesome, nutritious and safe as conventional crop", and that the milkoduced from cows injected with its artificial growth hormones is identical to the milk from untreated is a school psychologist, a published author in the area of personal finance, a breast cancer survivor using "alternative" treatments, a born existentialist, and a student of nature and all things natural.
|
əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɔθər (newstarget*) ðə nu ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ həz ˈklɪrli kəm tɪ ˈdɑməˌneɪt ðə əˈmɛrɪkən fud ʧeɪn wɪθ ɪts ʤəˈnɛtɪkli ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd (gm*) sidz. ɪts ə ˈmæstər æt ɛnˈfɔrsɪŋ ɪts 674 ˌbaɪoʊˌtɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈpætənts, ˈjuzɪŋ tərˈænɪkəl ənd ˈruθləs ˈtæktɪks əˈgɛnst smɔl ˈfɑrmərz. ðɪs nu ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ həz ˈɔlsoʊ muvd ˈɪntu ðə pərˈdəkʃən əv mɪlk wɪθ ɪt ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl groʊθ ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz, ˈsikɪŋ tɪ ˈdɑməˌneɪt ðə ˈdɛri ˈɪndəstri ɛz ˈifɛktɪvli ɛz ɪt həz ðə sid ˈbɪznɪs. həz ðɪs nu ˈkɔrpərət ˈɪmɪʤ meɪd ˈjuˈɛs fərˈgɛt əˈbaʊt ðə oʊld mɑnˈsæntoʊz ˈdɛkeɪdz lɔŋ ˈhɪstəri əv skɔrʧt ərθ ənd ˈtɑksɪk ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪn ðə meɪ, 2008 ɪˈdɪʃən ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ frəm ɪts bɪˈgɪnɪŋz tɪ ɪts ˈɛfərts tɪ ʃɛd ˌɪtˈsɛlf əv ðə ˈɪmɪʤ əv ˈtɑksɪk ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ənd ˈjumən wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd ɪn 1901 baɪ ʤɑn ˈfrænsɪs hu hæd ən aɪˈdiə tɪ meɪk ˈməni ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ˈsækərən, ən ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl sˈwitənər ðɛn ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd frəm ˈʤərməni. hi kɔld hɪz ˈkəmpəˌni ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ ˈkɛmɪkəl wərks. ðə ˈʤərmən kɑrˈtɛl ðɛn kənˈtroʊlɪŋ ðə ˈmɑrkɪt fər ˈsækərən traɪd tɪ fɔrs aʊt əv ˈbɪznɪs, bət hɪz pərˈsɪstəns ənd ðə ˈlɔɪəlti əv wən ˈstɛdi ˈkəstəmər, ˌkoʊkəˈkoʊlɑ, kɛpt ðə ˈkəmpəˌni goʊɪŋ. vəˈnɪlɪn, kæˈfin, ˈsɛdətɪv drəgz, ˈlæksətɪvz ənd ˈæsprɪn hæd bɪn ˈædɪd tɪ ðə ˈɑrsənəl əv ˈprɑdəkts wɪn səˈplaɪz wər kət ɔf frəm ˈjʊrəp ˈdʊrɪŋ wərld wɔr aɪ, ˈfɔrsɪŋ ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ tɪ ˌmænjəˈfækʧər ɪts oʊn, ənd pəˈzɪʃənɪŋ ɪt ɛz ə ˈlidɪŋ fɔrs ɪn ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkɛmɪkəl ðə 1920's*, sən tʊk ˈoʊvər ənd bɪlt ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ ˈɪntu ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈpaʊərˌhaʊs, ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə pərˈdəkʃən əv ən əˈstaʊndɪŋ əreɪ əv ˈplæstɪk, ˈrəbər ənd ˈvaɪnəl gʊdz, ˈfərtəˌlaɪzərz, ˈərbəˌsaɪdz ənd ðə ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ muvd ˈɪntu ˌbaɪoʊˌtɛkˈnɑləʤi. baɪ 1982 ɪt hæd bɪˈkəm ðə fərst tɪ ʤəˈnɛtɪkli ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ ə plænt sɛl, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus ˈvərʧuəli ˈɛni ʤin ˈɪntu plænt sɛlz tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv krɑp ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈvænɪti fɛr ˈraɪtərz ˈdɑnəld ɛl. ˈbɑrlɪt ənd ʤeɪmz bi. stil, ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ sɔt tɪ pɔrˈtreɪ sidz ɛz ə ˌpænəˈsiə fər əˈliviˌeɪtɪŋ ˈpɑvərti ənd ˈfidɪŋ ðə ðə leɪt 1990's*, ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ spən ɔf ɪts ˈkɛmɪkəl ənd ˈfaɪbərz ˈbɪznɪsɪz ˈɪntu ə nu ˈkəmpəˌni kɔld. ɪt ðɛn ˌɪtˈsɛlf ənd ˈimərʤd ɛz ən ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈlɪtərəʧər rɪˈfərz tɪ ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ ɛz ə "ˈrɛlətɪvli nu ˈkəmpəˌni" wɪθ ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri goʊl əv ˈhɛlpɪŋ "ˈfɑrmərz əraʊnd ðə wərld ɪn ðɛr ˈmɪʃən tɪ fid, kloʊð ənd fjuəl" ðə ˈplænət. ðə ˈlɪstɪd ˈkɔrpərət ˈmaɪlˌstoʊnz ər frəm ðə ˈrisənt ˈɪrə. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈmɛnʃən əv ðə oʊld mɑnˈsæntoʊz pəˈtɛnʃəl riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər mɔr ðən 50 ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl prəˈtɛkʃən ˈeɪʤənsi ˌsupərˈfənd saɪts. ənd ɪt dɪz nɑt ˈmɛnʃən ðət ðə ˈrizən fər ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv wɑz tɪ ˈʧænəl ðə bəlk əv ðə ˈmaʊntɪŋ ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈlɔˌsuts ənd ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪtiz ˈɪntu ðə spən ɔf ˈkəmpəˌni, ˈkipɪŋ ðə nu ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ neɪm ˈkipɪŋ ðə nu ˈkɔrpərət ˈɪmɪʤ ˈpɑlɪʃt meɪ bi ə təf tæsk. fər ˈmɛni jɪrz ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ prəˈdust tu əv ðə moʊst ˈtɑksɪk ˈsəbstənsɪz ˈɛvər noʊn ˌpɑˌliˈklɔrɪˌneɪtɪd ˈbɪfənəlz, noʊn ɛz, ənd ˌdaɪˈɑksɪn. ˈsɛvərəl kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðiz ˈsəbstənsɪz rɪˈmeɪn ðə taʊn əv ˈnɪtroʊ, wɛst vərˈʤɪnjə, ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd ə ˈkɛmɪkəl plænt frəm 1929 tɪ 1995 ˈmeɪkɪŋ ən ˈərbɪˌsaɪd ðət hæd ˌdaɪˈɑksɪn ɛz ə by-product*. ðə neɪm ˌdaɪˈɑksɪn rɪˈfərz tɪ ə grup əv ˈhaɪli ˈtɑksɪk ˈkɛmɪkəlz ðət hæv bɪn lɪŋkt tɪ hɑrt ənd ˈlɪvər dɪˈziz, ˈjumən ˌriprəˈdəktɪv dɪˈsɔrdərz, ənd dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛnəl ˈprɑbləmz. ˌdaɪˈɑksɪn pərˈsɪsts ɪn ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ənd əˈkjumjəˌleɪts ɪn ðə ˈbɑdi, ˈivɪn ɪn smɔl əˈmaʊnts. ɪn 2001 ðə juz. ˈgəvərnmənt ˈlɪstɪd ˌdaɪˈɑksɪn ɛz ə "noʊn ˈjumən 1949 æt ðə ˈnɪtroʊ plænt, ə ˈprɛʃər vælv blu ɔn ə kənˈteɪnər əv ðɪs ˈərbɪˌsaɪd, prəˈdusɪŋ ə plum əv ˈveɪpər ənd waɪt smoʊk ðət ˈdrɪftɪd aʊt ˈoʊvər ðə taʊn. ˈrɛzəˌdu ˈkoʊtɪd ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər əv ˈbɪldɪŋz ənd ðoʊz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðɛm wɪθ ə faɪn blæk ˈpaʊdər. wɪˈθɪn deɪz, ˈwərkərz ɪkˈspɪriənst skɪn ˌɪˈrəpʃənz, ənd ˈmɛni wər ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst wɪθ chloracne*, ə lɔŋ ˈlæstɪŋ ənd dɪsˈfɪgjərɪŋ kənˈdɪʃən. ˈəðərz fɛlt ˌɪnˈtɛns peɪnz ɪn ðɛr ʧɛst, lɛgz ənd trəŋk. ə ˈmɛdɪkəl rɪˈpɔrt frəm ðə taɪm sɛd ðə ɪkˈsploʊʒən "kɔzd ə sɪˈstɛmɪk ˌɪnˌtɑksəˈkeɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈwərkərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ moʊst ˈmeɪʤər ˈɔrgən ˈsɪstəmz." ˈdɑktərz dɪˈtɛktɪd ə strɔŋ ˈoʊdər ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ðə ˈpeɪʃənz ðeɪ dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz mɛn ə ˈfɔrən ˈkɛmɪkəl θru ðɛr ˈdaʊnˌpleɪd ðə ˈɪnsədənt, seɪɪŋ ðət ðə kənˈtæmənənt wɑz "ˈfɛrli sloʊ ˈæktɪŋ" ənd ˈoʊnli ən ˈɪrətənt tɪ ðə skin.meanwhile*, ðə ˈnɪtroʊ plænt kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ˈproʊdus ˈərbəˌsaɪdz, ɪn ðə ɪt ˌmænjəˈfækʧərd ˈeɪʤənt ˈɔrɪnʤ, ðə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈərbɪˌsaɪd juzd baɪ ðə juz. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri tɪ ˈʤəŋgəlz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə viˌɛtˈnɑm wɔr, ənd wɪʧ bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈfoʊkɪs əv ˈlɔˌsuts baɪ ˈvɛtərənz kənˈtɛndɪŋ ðeɪ hæd bɪn hɑrmd baɪ ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ ðə ˈkɛmɪkəl. ˈeɪʤənt ˈɔrɪnʤ ˈɔlsoʊ kriˈeɪtɪd ˌdaɪˈɑksɪn ɛz ə ðə ˈnɪtroʊ plænt, ˌdaɪˈɑksɪn weɪst wɛnt ˈɪntu ˈlændˌfɪlz, stɔrm dreɪnz, strimz, suərz, ˈɪntu bægz wɪθ ðə ˈərbɪˌsaɪd, ənd ðɛn ðə weɪst wɑz bərnd aʊt ˈɪntu ðə ɛr. ˌdaɪˈɑksɪn frəm ðə plænt kən stɪl bi faʊnd ɪn ˈnɪrˈbaɪ strimz, ˈrɪvərz, ənd fɪʃ. ˈrɛzɪdənts hæv sud ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ ənd fər ˈdæmɪʤɪz, bət ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ kleɪmz "ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ər wɪˈθaʊt ˈmɛrət" ənd ˈprɑməsəz tɪ ˈvɪgərəsli dɪˈfɛnd ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ðə sut meɪ dræg ɔn fər jɪrz. ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ həz ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ weɪt; ˈpleɪnɪfs ˈjuʒəwəli 1929 tɪ 1971 ðə ˈænɪsɪn, ˌæləˈbæmə plænt prəˈdust ɛz ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈkulənts ənd ˈɪnsəˌleɪtɪŋ fluɪdz fər trænsˈfɔrmərz ənd ˈəðər ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ɪkˈwɪpmənt. bɪˈkeɪm ˈsɛntrəl tɪ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɪndəstriz ɛz ˈlubrɪkənts, haɪˈdrɔlɪk fluɪdz, ənd ˈsilənts. ər ˈhaɪli ˈtɑksɪk ˈmɛmbərz əv ə ˈfæməli əv ˈkɛmɪkəlz ðət ˈmɪmɪk ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz, ənd hæv bɪn lɪŋkt tɪ ˈdæmɪʤ ɪn ðə ˈlɪvər ənd ˈnərvəs ˈsɪstəm, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌɪmˈjun, ˈɛndoʊˌkraɪn ənd ˌriprəˈdəktɪv dɪˈsɔrdərz. ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl prəˈtɛktɪv ˈeɪʤənsi (epa*), ənd ðə ˈeɪʤənsi fər ˈtɑksɪk ˈsəbstənsɪz ənd dɪˈziz ˈrɛʤɪstri, pɑrt əv hɛlθ ənd ˈjumən ˈsərvɪsɪz, ˈklæsəˌfaɪ ɛz "ˈprɑbəˌbli carcinogens".today*, ˈæftər tənz əv kənˈtæməˌneɪtɪd sɔɪl hæv bɪn riˈmuvd ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ riˈkleɪm ðə ˈænɪsɪn saɪt, ðə ˈɛriə əraʊnd ðə oʊld ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ plænt kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi wən əv ðə moʊst pəˈlutɪd spɑts ɪn ðə juz. waɪl ðə plænt wɑz ɪn pərˈdəkʃən, ˈɛkˌsɛs wər dəmpt ɪn ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈlændˌfɪl ər əˈlaʊd tɪ floʊ ɔf ðə ˈprɑpərti wɪθ stɔrm ˈwɔtər. səm wər pɔrd dɪˈrɛkli ˈɪntu ə krik ˈrənɪŋ əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ðə plænt ənd ˈɛmtiɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ˈlɑrʤər strim. ər kənˈteɪnd ɪn ˈpraɪvət lɔnz ˈfərtəˌlaɪzd wɪθ sɔɪl frəm ðə ˈpipəl əv ˈænɪsɪn hæv briðd ɛr, ˈplænɪd ˈgɑrdənz, drəŋk frəm wɛlz, fɪʃt ɪn ˈrɪvərz, ənd swəm ɪn kriks kənˈtæməˌneɪtɪd wɪθ wɪˈθaʊt noʊɪŋ ðə ˈdeɪnʤər. ɛz ˈpəblɪk əˈwɛrnəs gru ɪn ðə 1990's*, hɛlθ əˈθɔrətiz faʊnd ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd ˈlɛvəlz əv ɪn ˈhaʊsɪz, jɑrdz, strimz, fildz, fɪʃ ənd ˈpipəl. ðə ˈkliˌnəp ɪz naʊ ˌəndərˈweɪ, ənd wɪl teɪk jɪrz, bət wəns ɪz əbˈzɔrbd ˈɪntu ˈjumən ˈtɪʃu, ɪt ɪz ðɛr kloʊzd ɪts plænt ɪn weɪlz ɪn 1977 ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, ˈrɛzɪdənts əv groesfaen*, ɪn ˈsəðərn weɪlz, hæv ˈnoʊtɪst vaɪl ˈoʊdərz ˈɛməˌneɪtɪŋ frəm ən oʊld kˈwɔri ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðɛr ˈvɪlɪʤ. ɛz ɪt tərnz aʊt, ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ dəmpt ˈθaʊzənz əv tənz əv weɪst frəm ɪts ˈnɪrˈbaɪ plænt ˈɪntu ðə kˈwɔri. ˈbrɪtɪʃ əˈθɔrətiz hæv aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ðə saɪt ɛz wən əv ðə moʊst kənˈtæməˌneɪtɪd ˈpleɪsɪz ɪn dɪd ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ noʊ əˈbaʊt ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈdeɪnʤərz əv ðə ˈkɛmɪkəlz ɪt ˌmænjəˈfækʧərd? ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm kɔrt ˈrɛkərdz ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ nu kwaɪt ə lɔt. ðə ˈɛvədəns ðət ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ rɪfˈjuzd tɪ feɪs kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ðə tɑkˈsɪsəti əv ɪz 1956 ðə ˈkəmpəˌni traɪd tɪ sɛl ɪts kənˈteɪnɪŋ haɪˈdrɔlɪk fluɪd, 150 tɪ ðə ˈneɪvi. ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ səˈplaɪd ðə ˈneɪvi wɪθ tɛst rɪˈzəlts frəm ðə ˈprɑdəkt, bət ðə ˈneɪvi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ du ɪts oʊn ˈtɛstɪŋ. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ˈneɪvi əˈfɪʃəlz ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ ðət ðeɪ wʊd nɑt baɪ ðə ˈprɑdəkt, seɪɪŋ ðət "ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv 150 kɔzd dɛθ ɪn ɔl əv ðə ˈræbəts ˈtɛstɪd" ənd ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd "ˈdɛfənət ˈlɪvər ˈdæmɪʤ". əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ən ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ ˈmɛˌmoʊ dɪˈvəlʤd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋ, "noʊ ˈmætər haʊ wi dɪˈskəst ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, ɪt wɑz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðɛr ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðət 150 ɪz ʤɪst tu ˈtɑksɪk fər juz ɪn ˈsəbmərˌinz", ˈsteɪtɪd mɑnˈsæntoʊz ˈmɛdɪkəl 1966 ə baɪˈɑləʤɪst kənˈdəktɪŋ ˈstədiz fər ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ ɪn strimz nɪr ðə ˈænɪsɪn plænt səbˈmərʤd tɛst fɪʃ. hi ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ ðət, "ɔl 25 fɪʃ lɔst ˌikwəˈlɪbriəm ənd tərnd ɔn ðɛr saɪdz ɪn 10 ˈsɛkəndz ənd ɔl wər dɛd ɪn 3 ˈkəmpəˌni swəŋ ˈɪntu ˈækʃən tɪ ˈlɪmət ðə ˈdæmɪʤ wɪn ðə fud ənd drəg ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən faʊnd haɪ ˈlɛvəlz əv ɪn fɪʃ nɪr ðə ˈænɪsɪn plænt ɪn 1970 ən ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈmɛˌmoʊ ɛnˈtaɪtəld "ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl f.y.i*. ənd dɪˈstrɔɪ" frəm ə ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ əˈfɪʃəl, rivˈjud stɛps tɪ ˈlɪmət dɪˈskloʊʒər əv ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. wən ˈæˌspɛkt əv ðə ˈstrætəʤi wɑz tɪ gɪt ˈpəblɪk əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ faɪt mɑnˈsæntoʊz ˈbætəl: "ʤoʊ ˈkrɑkɪt, ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv ðə ˌæləˈbæmə ˈwɔtər ˌɪmˈpruvmənt kəˈmɪʃən wɪl traɪ tɪ ˈhændəl ðə ˈprɑbləm kˈwaɪətli wɪˈθaʊt riˈlis əv ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk æt ðɪs taɪm," əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə plænt ˈmænɪʤər əv mɑnˈsæntoʊz ˈænɪsɪn saɪt "kənˈvɪnst" ə rɪˈpɔrtər fər ðə ˈænɪsɪn stɑr ðət ðɛr wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt. ən ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈmɛˌmoʊ frəm mɑnˈsæntoʊz ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz ɪn st*. luɪs, ˈsəmərˌaɪzd ðə ˈstɔri ðət ˈsəbsəkwəntli əˈpɪrd ɪn ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər: "kˈwoʊtɪŋ boʊθ plænt ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd ðə ˌæləˈbæmə ˈwɔtər ˌɪmˈpruvmənt kəˈmɪʃənz, ðə ˈfiʧər ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzd ðə ˈprɑbləm wɑz ˈrɛlətɪvli nu, wɑz biɪŋ sɑlvd baɪ ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ ənd, æt ðɪs pɔɪnt, wɑz noʊ kɔz fər ˈpəblɪk ril truθ ɪz ðət ðɛr wɑz juʤ kɔz fər ˈpəblɪk əˈlɑrm fər ðə hɑrm dən tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk baɪ ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ. bət ðət wɑz ðə oʊld ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ, nɑt ˈtudeɪz ˈʃaɪni nu ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ. ˈtudeɪz ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ sɪz ɪt kən bi ˈtrəstɪd ðət ɪts ˈbaɪoʊˌtɛk krɑps ər "ɛz ˈhoʊlsəm, nuˈtrɪʃəs ənd seɪf ɛz kənˈvɛnʃənəl krɑp", ənd ðət ðə mɪlk prəˈdust frəm kaʊz ˌɪnˈʤɛktɪd wɪθ ɪts ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl groʊθ ˈhɔrˌmoʊnz ɪz aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ðə mɪlk frəm ənˈtritɪd ɪz ə skul saɪˈkɑləʤəst, ə ˈpəblɪʃt ˈɔθər ɪn ðə ˈɛriə əv ˈpərsɪnəl ˈfaɪˌnæns, ə brɛst ˈkænsər sərˈvaɪvər ˈjuzɪŋ "ɔlˈtərnətɪv" ˈtritmənts, ə bɔrn existentialist*, ənd ə ˈstudənt əv ˈneɪʧər ənd ɔl θɪŋz ˈnæʧərəl.
|
disturbed singer david says that he with social media" after dealing with twitter trolls who have baited him about his views.
draiman, who is the son of israelis and the grandson of holocaust survivors, spent much of the last few months linking to articles by conservative and blogs and has often used his fame to speak out against anti-semitism. this led to frequent heated exchanges with his followers on twitter, some of whom believe that israel is not blameless in the ongoing conflict with palestinians.
draiman who has extensive family in israel, including his brother, folk rock and ambient musician ben, as well as his grandmother has just deleted his twitter account, explaining to the radio station in minnesota: "i'm done with social media, personally. and it had nothing to do with the [upcoming release of the new disturbed] record. it happened to be coincidental, but it had nothing to do with the record."
he continued: "social media has become a playground for trolls, a playground for these people who prey on one another. you can't get anything decent done on there anymore; you just open yourself up to constant attack. and i'm just done with it. i'm done with it. i hope that the couple of years of my being as involved in it as i was meant something to people. i hope that they gleaned something from it, or took something away from it, or at least were entertained or something, because, now, i'm becoming a recluse."
draiman added: "at the end of the day, what people want from me is to get up there on that stage and make them feel powerful and give them a release for an hour and a half or two hours every once in a while. and if i'm still able to do that, hopefully i'm still making people happy."
disturbed's first new album since 2011, "immortalized", is due out august 21. the cd is available for everywhere and follows "asylum", fourth consecutive no. 1 on the billboard 200 album chart.
in addition to 15 new songs including 12 on the album and three more on the deluxe edition "immortalized" contains a cover of simon & "the sound of silence".
disturbed has yet to announce tour plans behind the new record.
|
dɪˈstərbd ˈsɪŋər ˈdeɪvɪd sɪz ðət hi wɪθ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə" ˈæftər ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ tˈwɪtər troʊlz hu hæv ˈbeɪtɪd ɪm əˈbaʊt hɪz vjuz., hu ɪz ðə sən əv ˌɪzˈreɪliz ənd ðə ˈgrændˌsən əv ˈhɔləˌkɔst sərˈvaɪvərz, spɛnt məʧ əv ðə læst fju mənθs ˈlɪŋkɪŋ tɪ ˈɑrtɪkəlz baɪ kənˈsərvətɪv ənd blɔgz ənd həz ˈɔfən juzd hɪz feɪm tɪ spik aʊt əˈgɛnst anti-semitism*. ðɪs lɛd tɪ ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈhitɪd ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz wɪθ hɪz ˈfɑloʊərz ɔn tˈwɪtər, səm əv hum bɪˈliv ðət ˈɪzriəl ɪz nɑt ˈbleɪmləs ɪn ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈkɑnflɪkt wɪθ ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz. hu həz ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈfæməli ɪn ˈɪzriəl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ hɪz ˈbrəðər, foʊk rɑk ənd ˈæmbiənt mjuˈzɪʃən bɛn, ɛz wɛl ɛz hɪz ˈgrændˌməðər həz ʤɪst dɪˈlitəd hɪz tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnt, ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈsteɪʃən ɪn ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə: "əm dən wɪθ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə, ˈpərsənəli. ənd ɪt hæd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ðə [ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ riˈlis əv ðə nu dɪˈstərbd] ˈrɛkərd. ɪt ˈhæpənd tɪ bi koʊˌɪnsəˈdɛntəl, bət ɪt hæd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ðə ˈrɛkərd." hi kənˈtɪnjud: "ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈpleɪˌgraʊnd fər troʊlz, ə ˈpleɪˌgraʊnd fər ðiz ˈpipəl hu preɪ ɔn wən əˈnəðər. ju kænt gɪt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈdisənt dən ɔn ðɛr ˌɛniˈmɔr; ju ʤɪst ˈoʊpən ˈjɔrsɛlf əp tɪ ˈkɑnstənt əˈtæk. ənd əm ʤɪst dən wɪθ ɪt. əm dən wɪθ ɪt. aɪ hoʊp ðət ðə ˈkəpəl əv jɪrz əv maɪ biɪŋ ɛz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ɪt ɛz aɪ wɑz mɛnt ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ ˈpipəl. aɪ hoʊp ðət ðeɪ glind ˈsəmθɪŋ frəm ɪt, ər tʊk ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm ɪt, ər æt list wər ˌɛnərˈteɪnd ər ˈsəmθɪŋ, bɪˈkəz, naʊ, əm bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə rɪˈklus." ˈædɪd: "æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ, wət ˈpipəl wɔnt frəm mi ɪz tɪ gɪt əp ðɛr ɔn ðət steɪʤ ənd meɪk ðɛm fil ˈpaʊərfəl ənd gɪv ðɛm ə riˈlis fər ən aʊər ənd ə hæf ər tu aʊərz ˈɛvəri wəns ɪn ə waɪl. ənd ɪf əm stɪl ˈeɪbəl tɪ du ðət, ˈhoʊpfəli əm stɪl ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈpipəl ˈhæpi." fərst nu ˈælbəm sɪns 2011 "ˌɪˈmɔrtəlaɪzd", ɪz du aʊt ˈɔgəst 21 ðə ˈsiˈdi ɪz əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈɛvriˌwɛr ənd ˈfɑloʊz "əˈsaɪləm", fɔrθ kənˈsɛkjətɪv noʊ. 1 ɔn ðə ˈbɪlˌbɔrd 200 ˈælbəm ʧɑrt. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ 15 nu sɔŋz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ 12 ɔn ðə ˈælbəm ənd θri mɔr ɔn ðə dəˈləks ɪˈdɪʃən "ˌɪˈmɔrtəlaɪzd" kənˈteɪnz ə ˈkəvər əv ˈsaɪmən "ðə saʊnd əv ˈsaɪləns". dɪˈstərbd həz jɛt tɪ əˈnaʊns tʊr plænz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə nu ˈrɛkərd.
|
1 january 2010
video | on youtube | subscribe
zj: in several earlier videos, i discussed the genocides committed in the bible and addressed christians who believe that these genocides were the right thing to do. i challenged them to condemn these acts of genocide as unacceptable, just as all genocides are clearly unacceptable. and most of them refused, reiterating their support for biblical genocide.
the most common justification they provided was that god ordered these genocides, and anything god commands is morally right, even morally obligatory. therefore, it is completely acceptable to wipe out an entire race of people, including children and infants, if god tells you to. they believe that it is right to commit genocide if god commands it. the alleged will of god is all the justification they need.
i find this stunning. and i think it raises a very important question: when something as horrific as genocide becomes acceptable to you if you believe god deems it so, is there anything you would consider unacceptable even if god commands it? is there anything god could order you to do that would be such an affront to your sense of morality that you would refuse? let me give you some examples.
in the book of genesis, chapter 22, god tells abraham to sacrifice his only son as an offering. abraham complies, but an angel of god stops him at the last moment. in islam, willingness to obey god is celebrated as the holiday of eid. is it acceptable to kill your own child if you believe god wants you to? yes or no?
in 2008, an girl died of undiagnosed diabetes. her parents refused to seek medical help, even as her condition deteriorated, because they believed that prayer was the best way to help her. their church taught them that they just needed faith. is it acceptable to allow your sick child to die, without ever taking them to a doctor, if you believe god wants you to pray for them instead? yes or no?
in 2006, a woman in saudi arabia was kidnapped and by seven men. under the court's interpretation of islamic law, she was sentenced to 200 lashes for being alone with a man she wasn't related to. is it acceptable to whip rape victims if you believe god commands it? yes or no? and if so, how many lashes?
in 1994, paul hill murdered dr. john britton at an abortion clinic in florida. hill believed that the use of violence to stop abortion was sanctioned by god, and that god had called upon him to murder dr. britton. is it acceptable to kill a doctor if you believe god wants you to? yes or no?
throughout the century, the bible was repeatedly cited by and politicians to justify slavery in the united states. they referred to numerous verses from the old and new testament that endorse and regulate the keeping of slaves. is it acceptable to enslave your fellow human beings if you believe god approves of slavery? yes or no?
in the 14th, and centuries, witchcraft was widely outlawed in europe based on christian doctrine and papal declarations. accused witches were put on trial and often sentenced to death. they were typically executed by being drowned, hanged, or burned at the stake. is it acceptable to burn someone alive for practicing witchcraft if you believe god wants them to die? yes or no?
and if you answered "yes" to some of these questions, and "no" to others, why? if the will of god is sufficient to justify genocide, of all things, then why wouldn't it justify slavery, or lashings, or child sacrifice? and if you think this isn't a good enough reason to kill doctors or burn witches, then why would genocide become acceptable just because god says so?
if god's will is an adequate justification in some cases, but inadequate in other cases, then where do you draw the line? what could god command that would be so repulsive to you that you would not obey? after all, once genocide is acceptable, what isn't?
what wouldn't you do for god? i would really like to know.
← video archive
|
1 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2010 ˈvɪdioʊ ɔn ˈjuˌtub səbˈskraɪb: ɪn ˈsɛvərəl ˈərliər ˈvɪdioʊz, aɪ dɪˈskəst ðə ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪdz kəˈmɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈbaɪbəl ənd əˈdrɛst ˈkrɪsʧɪnz hu bɪˈliv ðət ðiz ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪdz wər ðə raɪt θɪŋ tɪ du. aɪ ˈʧælənʤd ðɛm tɪ kənˈdɛm ðiz ækts əv ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd ɛz ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl, ʤɪst ɛz ɔl ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪdz ər ˈklɪrli ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl. ənd moʊst əv ðɛm rɪfˈjuzd, riˈɪtərˌeɪtɪŋ ðɛr səˈpɔrt fər ˈbɪblɪkəl ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd. ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən ðeɪ prəˈvaɪdɪd wɑz ðət gɑd ˈɔrdərd ðiz ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪdz, ənd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ gɑd kəˈmændz ɪz ˈmɔrəli raɪt, ˈivɪn ˈmɔrəli əˈblɪgəˌtɔri. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ɪt ɪz kəmˈplitli əkˈsɛptəbəl tɪ waɪp aʊt ən ɪnˈtaɪər reɪs əv ˈpipəl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈʧɪldrən ənd ˈɪnfənts, ɪf gɑd tɛlz ju tɪ. ðeɪ bɪˈliv ðət ɪt ɪz raɪt tɪ kəˈmɪt ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd ɪf gɑd kəˈmændz ɪt. ðə əˈlɛʤd wɪl əv gɑd ɪz ɔl ðə ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən ðeɪ nid. aɪ faɪnd ðɪs ˈstənɪŋ. ənd aɪ θɪŋk ɪt ˈreɪzɪz ə ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kˈwɛʃən: wɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛz hɔˈrɪfɪk ɛz ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd bɪˈkəmz əkˈsɛptəbəl tɪ ju ɪf ju bɪˈliv gɑd dimz ɪt soʊ, ɪz ðɛr ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ju wʊd kənˈsɪdər ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl ˈivɪn ɪf gɑd kəˈmændz ɪt? ɪz ðɛr ˈɛniˌθɪŋ gɑd kʊd ˈɔrdər ju tɪ du ðət wʊd bi səʧ ən əˈfrənt tɪ jʊr sɛns əv ˌmɔˈræləˌti ðət ju wʊd ˈrɛfˌjuz? lɛt mi gɪv ju səm ɪgˈzæmpəlz. ɪn ðə bʊk əv ˈʤɛnəsəs, ˈʧæptər 22 gɑd tɛlz ˈeɪbrəˌhæm tɪ ˈsækrəˌfaɪs hɪz ˈoʊnli sən ɛz ən ˈɔfərɪŋ. ˈeɪbrəˌhæm kəmˈplaɪz, bət ən ˈeɪnʤəl əv gɑd stɑps ɪm æt ðə læst ˈmoʊmənt. ɪn ˌɪsˈlɑm, ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ oʊˈbeɪ gɑd ɪz ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd ɛz ðə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ əv aɪd. ɪz ɪt əkˈsɛptəbəl tɪ kɪl jʊr oʊn ʧaɪld ɪf ju bɪˈliv gɑd wɔnts ju tɪ? jɛs ər noʊ? ɪn 2008 ən gərl daɪd əv ənˈdaɪægnoʊst ˌdaɪəˈbitiz. hər ˈpɛrənts rɪfˈjuzd tɪ sik ˈmɛdɪkəl hɛlp, ˈivɪn ɛz hər kənˈdɪʃən dɪˈtɪriərˌeɪtɪd, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ bɪˈlivd ðət prɛr wɑz ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ hɛlp hər. ðɛr ʧərʧ tɔt ðɛm ðət ðeɪ ʤɪst ˈnidɪd feɪθ. ɪz ɪt əkˈsɛptəbəl tɪ əˈlaʊ jʊr sɪk ʧaɪld tɪ daɪ, wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛvər ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ə ˈdɔktər, ɪf ju bɪˈliv gɑd wɔnts ju tɪ preɪ fər ðɛm ˌɪnˈstɛd? jɛs ər noʊ? ɪn 2006 ə ˈwʊmən ɪn ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə wɑz ˈkɪdˌnæpt ənd baɪ ˈsɛvən mɛn. ˈəndər ðə kɔrts ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk lɔ, ʃi wɑz ˈsɛntənst tɪ 200 ˈlæʃɪz fər biɪŋ əˈloʊn wɪθ ə mæn ʃi ˈwəzənt rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ. ɪz ɪt əkˈsɛptəbəl tɪ wɪp reɪp ˈvɪktɪmz ɪf ju bɪˈliv gɑd kəˈmændz ɪt? jɛs ər noʊ? ənd ɪf soʊ, haʊ ˈmɛni ˈlæʃɪz? ɪn 1994 pɔl hɪl ˈmərdərd ˈdɑktər. ʤɑn ˈbrɪtən æt ən əˈbɔrʃən ˈklɪnɪk ɪn ˈflɔrɪdə. hɪl bɪˈlivd ðət ðə juz əv ˈvaɪələns tɪ stɑp əˈbɔrʃən wɑz ˈsæŋkʃənd baɪ gɑd, ənd ðət gɑd hæd kɔld əˈpɑn ɪm tɪ ˈmərdər ˈdɑktər. ˈbrɪtən. ɪz ɪt əkˈsɛptəbəl tɪ kɪl ə ˈdɔktər ɪf ju bɪˈliv gɑd wɔnts ju tɪ? jɛs ər noʊ? θruaʊt ðə ˈsɛnʧəri, ðə ˈbaɪbəl wɑz rɪˈpitɪdli ˈsaɪtɪd baɪ ənd ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz tɪ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ sˈleɪvəri ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ðeɪ rɪˈfərd tɪ ˈnumərəs ˈvərsɪz frəm ðə oʊld ənd nu ˈtɛstəmənt ðət ɛnˈdɔrs ənd ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ðə ˈkipɪŋ əv sleɪvz. ɪz ɪt əkˈsɛptəbəl tɪ ɛnsˈleɪv jʊr ˈfɛloʊ ˈjumən biɪŋz ɪf ju bɪˈliv gɑd əˈpruvz əv sˈleɪvəri? jɛs ər noʊ? ɪn ðə 14th*, ənd ˈsɛnʧəriz, ˈwɪʧˌkræft wɑz ˈwaɪdli ˈaʊˌtlɔd ɪn ˈjʊrəp beɪst ɔn ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈdɔktərɪn ənd ˈpeɪpəl ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃənz. əˈkjuzd ˈwɪʧɪz wər pʊt ɔn traɪəl ənd ˈɔfən ˈsɛntənst tɪ dɛθ. ðeɪ wər ˈtɪpɪkəli ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd baɪ biɪŋ draʊnd, hæŋd, ər bərnd æt ðə steɪk. ɪz ɪt əkˈsɛptəbəl tɪ bərn ˈsəmˌwən əˈlaɪv fər ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ˈwɪʧˌkræft ɪf ju bɪˈliv gɑd wɔnts ðɛm tɪ daɪ? jɛs ər noʊ? ənd ɪf ju ˈænsərd "jɛs" tɪ səm əv ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz, ənd "noʊ" tɪ ˈəðərz, waɪ? ɪf ðə wɪl əv gɑd ɪz səˈfɪʃənt tɪ ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd, əv ɔl θɪŋz, ðɛn waɪ ˈwʊdənt ɪt ˈʤəstəˌfaɪ sˈleɪvəri, ər ˈlæʃɪŋz, ər ʧaɪld ˈsækrəˌfaɪs? ənd ɪf ju θɪŋk ðɪs ˈɪzənt ə gʊd ɪˈnəf ˈrizən tɪ kɪl ˈdɑktərz ər bərn ˈwɪʧɪz, ðɛn waɪ wʊd ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd bɪˈkəm əkˈsɛptəbəl ʤɪst bɪˈkəz gɑd sɪz soʊ? ɪf gɑdz wɪl ɪz ən ˈædəkˌweɪt ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz, bət ˌɪˈnædəkˌweɪt ɪn ˈəðər ˈkeɪsɪz, ðɛn wɛr du ju drɔ ðə laɪn? wət kʊd gɑd kəˈmænd ðət wʊd bi soʊ riˈpəlsɪv tɪ ju ðət ju wʊd nɑt oʊˈbeɪ? ˈæftər ɔl, wəns ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd ɪz əkˈsɛptəbəl, wət ˈɪzənt? wət ˈwʊdənt ju du fər gɑd? aɪ wʊd ˈrɪli laɪk tɪ noʊ. ˈvɪdioʊ ˈɑrˌkaɪv
|
republicans in the u.s. house of representatives have answered the proposal to renew the violence against women act (vawa) by presenting their own version of the bill, but with protections of americans taken out and a loophole that could exempt native americans victims of domestic abuse.
according to think progress, the house bill could derail renewal of the vawa, killing any momentum the senate bill had gathered since its proposal on feb. 12.
huffington post provided a link to the bill and analysis, which found the bill lacking any mention of key protections included in the senate version of the renewal.
the house bill removes “sexual orientation” and “gender identity” from “the list of underserved populations who face barriers to accessing victim services, thereby disqualifying victims from a related grant program,” wrote jennifer bendery. as a result, funds could potentially be from-inclusive shelters and crisis centers.
states would have more discretion under the house version of the bill to determine what populations are being underserved, and are therefore more deserving of funding than others.
house majority leader rep. eric cantor (r-va) said that protections included in the senate bill for native american victims of domestic violence are “unconstitutional.” under the house bill, native american tribal courts can prosecute non-native american perpetrators of domestic abuse, but the maximum sentence those courts can impose is set at 1 year.
in his protest against the native american protections included in the senate bill, sen. charles grassley (r-ia) said that native american juries are incapable of trying a white person fairly.
the house bill allows the accused to take their case to federal court if they feel their rights are being infringed upon. think progress reported, “currently, native american victims with non-native partners are caught in a limbo where tribal courts cannot touch perpetrators but federal law enforcement does not have jurisdiction.”
|
rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɪn ðə juz. haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz hæv ˈænsərd ðə prəˈpoʊzəl tɪ rɪˈnu ðə ˈvaɪələns əˈgɛnst ˈwɪmən ækt (vawa*) baɪ prɪˈzɛntɪŋ ðɛr oʊn ˈvərʒən əv ðə bɪl, bət wɪθ prəˈtɛkʃənz əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈteɪkən aʊt ənd ə ˈluˌphoʊl ðət kʊd ɪgˈzɛmpt ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈvɪktɪmz əv dəˈmɛstɪk əˈbjuz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ θɪŋk ˈprɑˌgrɛs, ðə haʊs bɪl kʊd dɪˈreɪl rɪˈnuəl əv ðə vawa*, ˈkɪlɪŋ ˈɛni moʊˈmɛntəm ðə ˈsɛnɪt bɪl hæd ˈgæðərd sɪns ɪts prəˈpoʊzəl ɔn ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 12 ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst prəˈvaɪdɪd ə lɪŋk tɪ ðə bɪl ənd æˈnælɪsɪs, wɪʧ faʊnd ðə bɪl ˈlækɪŋ ˈɛni ˈmɛnʃən əv ki prəˈtɛkʃənz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈvərʒən əv ðə rɪˈnuəl. ðə haʊs bɪl riˈmuvz orientation”*” ənd identity”*” frəm lɪst əv ˌəndərˈsərvd ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz hu feɪs ˈbɛriərz tɪ ˈækˌsɛsɪŋ ˈvɪktɪm ˈsərvɪsɪz, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ dɪskˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ ˈvɪktɪmz frəm ə rɪˈleɪtɪd grænt program,”*,” roʊt ˈʤɛnəfər bendery*. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, fəndz kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli bi frəm ˈʃɛltərz ənd ˈkraɪsəs ˈsɛnərz. steɪts wʊd hæv mɔr dɪˈskrɛʃən ˈəndər ðə haʊs ˈvərʒən əv ðə bɪl tɪ dɪˈtərmən wət ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ər biɪŋ ˌəndərˈsərvd, ənd ər ˈðɛrˌfɔr mɔr dɪˈzərvɪŋ əv ˈfəndɪŋ ðən ˈəðərz. haʊs məˈʤɔrəti ˈlidər rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ˈɛrɪk ˈkæntər (r-va*) sɛd ðət prəˈtɛkʃənz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt bɪl fər ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈvɪktɪmz əv dəˈmɛstɪk ˈvaɪələns ər ““unconstitutional.”*.” ˈəndər ðə haʊs bɪl, ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈtraɪbəl kɔrts kən ˈprɑsəˌkjut ˈnɑˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz əv dəˈmɛstɪk əˈbjuz, bət ðə ˈmæksəməm ˈsɛntəns ðoʊz kɔrts kən ˌɪmˈpoʊz ɪz sɛt æt 1 jɪr. ɪn hɪz ˈproʊˌtɛst əˈgɛnst ðə ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən prəˈtɛkʃənz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt bɪl, sɛn. ˈʧɑrəlz ˈgræsli (r-ia*) sɛd ðət ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈʤʊriz ər ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl əv traɪɪŋ ə waɪt ˈpərsən ˈfɛrli. ðə haʊs bɪl əˈlaʊz ðə əˈkjuzd tɪ teɪk ðɛr keɪs tɪ ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt ɪf ðeɪ fil ðɛr raɪts ər biɪŋ ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤd əˈpɑn. θɪŋk ˈprɑˌgrɛs ˌriˈpɔrtəd, ““currently*, ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈvɪktɪmz wɪθ ˈnɑˈneɪtɪv ˈpɑrtnərz ər kɔt ɪn ə ˈlɪmboʊ wɛr ˈtraɪbəl kɔrts ˈkænɑt təʧ ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz bət ˈfɛdərəl lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt dɪz nɑt hæv jurisdiction.”*.”
|
the hague (reuters) - an international arbitration court on thursday handed slovenia victory in a maritime dispute with croatia, granting it direct access to international waters in the adriatic sea.
the permanent court of decision is final and binding, but croatia, which withdrew from the proceedings in 2015, said it would ignore the ruling.
the court found that slovenia should have “uninterrupted access” to the sea it shares with croatia, presiding judge gilbert guillaume said, in the case between theropean union neighbours.
“this decision is not legally binding for us in any way and we have no intention to implement it,” croatian prime minister andrej said in a reaction.
“we’re open for a bilateral dialogue with slovenia and we do not expect from slovenia any one-sided action on this issue,” said.
slovenia’s government welcomed the ruling, calling it “definitive and legally binding”.
“slovenia will continue its good cooperation with croatia and will not do anything that would aggravate mutual relations,” slovenian prime minister miro told a news conference.
the countries have been arguing over a stretch of their sea and land border since both declared independence from the former yugoslavia in 1991 as it disintegrated into war and broke up.
the dispute, which centres on the bay of, held up croatian accession to the for many years. only after both parties agreed to arbitration was zagreb granted entry to the bloc in 2013.
the court has now ruled that slovenia gets the vast majority of the bay area recognised as its territorial waters. in addition, the tribunal established a wide and some 10 long corridor through croatian waters to give slovenia direct access to international waters.
“the zone shall give freedom of communication to all ships and aircraft, civil and military, of any state for the purpose of access to slovenia,” the court ruled.
croatia withdrew from the arbitration procedures in 2015 after a leaked tape showed a slovenian judge on the panel improperly exchanging confidential information with the ljubljana government.
the judge involved resigned and the court decided to continue with the case, saying the incident had not compromised the ability to reach a final verdict.
it added that rule violations did not allow croatia to withdraw from the arbitration process.
slovenia has said croatia should respect the verdict, while croatian officials say the row should be resolved bilaterally.
the has looked to the arbitration between croatia and slovenia as a possible blueprint for the way to handle other border disputes that remain between several other balkan-hopefuls.
croatia’s unilateral withdrawal casts doubts on the success of future arbitrations, as well as whether promises made in order to obtain accession will be kept once a state has been admitted to the union.
|
ðə heɪg (ˈrɔɪtərz) ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌɑrbɪˈtreɪʃən kɔrt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈhændɪd sˌloʊˈviniə ˈvɪktəri ɪn ə ˈmærəˌtaɪm dɪˈspjut wɪθ kroʊˈeɪʃə, ˈgrænɪŋ ɪt dɪˈrɛkt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈwɔtərz ɪn ðə ˌeɪdriˈætɪk si. ðə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt kɔrt əv dɪˈsɪʒən ɪz ˈfaɪnəl ənd ˈbaɪndɪŋ, bət kroʊˈeɪʃə, wɪʧ wɪθˈdru frəm ðə prəˈsidɪŋz ɪn 2015 sɛd ɪt wʊd ˌɪgˈnɔr ðə ˈrulɪŋ. ðə kɔrt faʊnd ðət sˌloʊˈviniə ʃʊd hæv access”*” tɪ ðə si ɪt ʃɛrz wɪθ kroʊˈeɪʃə, prɪˈzaɪdɪŋ ʤəʤ ˈgɪlbərt ˌgɪˈlaʊm sɛd, ɪn ðə keɪs bɪtˈwin ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən ˈneɪbərz. dɪˈsɪʒən ɪz nɑt ˈligəli ˈbaɪndɪŋ fər ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ˈɛni weɪ ənd wi hæv noʊ ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt it,”*,” kroʊˈeɪʃən praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈɑndreɪ sɛd ɪn ə riˈækʃən. ˈoʊpən fər ə baɪˈlætərəl ˈdaɪəˌlɔg wɪθ sˌloʊˈviniə ənd wi du nɑt ɪkˈspɛkt frəm sˌloʊˈviniə ˈɛni ˌwənˈsaɪdəd ˈækʃən ɔn ðɪs issue,”*,” sɛd. ˈgəvərnmənt ˈwɛlkəmd ðə ˈrulɪŋ, ˈkɔlɪŋ ɪt ənd ˈligəli binding”*”. wɪl kənˈtɪnju ɪts gʊd kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən wɪθ kroʊˈeɪʃə ənd wɪl nɑt du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət wʊd ˈægrəˌveɪt mˈjuʧuəl relations,”*,” sˌloʊˈviniən praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈmɪroʊ toʊld ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns. ðə ˈkəntriz hæv bɪn ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ˈoʊvər ə strɛʧ əv ðɛr si ənd lænd ˈbɔrdər sɪns boʊθ dɪˈklɛrd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns frəm ðə ˈfɔrmər ˌjugoʊsˈlɑviə ɪn 1991 ɛz ɪt dɪˈsɪntəˌgreɪtɪd ˈɪntu wɔr ənd broʊk əp. ðə dɪˈspjut, wɪʧ ˈsɛntərz ɔn ðə beɪ əv, hɛld əp kroʊˈeɪʃən əkˈsɛʃən tɪ ðə fər ˈmɛni jɪrz. ˈoʊnli ˈæftər boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz əˈgrid tɪ ˌɑrbɪˈtreɪʃən wɑz ˈzɑˌgrɛb ˈgrænɪd ˈɛntri tɪ ðə blɑk ɪn 2013 ðə kɔrt həz naʊ ruld ðət sˌloʊˈviniə gɪts ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə beɪ ˈɛriə ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ɛz ɪts ˌtɛrɪˈtɔriəl ˈwɔtərz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðə trəˈbjunəl ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə waɪd ənd səm 10 lɔŋ ˈkɔrɪdər θru kroʊˈeɪʃən ˈwɔtərz tɪ gɪv sˌloʊˈviniə dɪˈrɛkt ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈwɔtərz. zoʊn ʃæl gɪv ˈfridəm əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən tɪ ɔl ʃɪps ənd ˈɛrˌkræft, ˈsɪvəl ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, əv ˈɛni steɪt fər ðə ˈpərpəs əv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ slovenia,”*,” ðə kɔrt ruld. kroʊˈeɪʃə wɪθˈdru frəm ðə ˌɑrbɪˈtreɪʃən prəˈsiʤərz ɪn 2015 ˈæftər ə likt teɪp ʃoʊd ə sˌloʊˈviniən ʤəʤ ɔn ðə ˈpænəl ˌɪmˈprɑpərli ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɪθ ðə ˈljubljɑnə ˈgəvərnmənt. ðə ʤəʤ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd rɪˈzaɪnd ənd ðə kɔrt ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ kənˈtɪnju wɪθ ðə keɪs, seɪɪŋ ðə ˈɪnsədənt hæd nɑt ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ riʧ ə ˈfaɪnəl ˈvərdɪkt. ɪt ˈædɪd ðət rul vaɪəˈleɪʃənz dɪd nɑt əˈlaʊ kroʊˈeɪʃə tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ frəm ðə ˌɑrbɪˈtreɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs. sˌloʊˈviniə həz sɛd kroʊˈeɪʃə ʃʊd rɪˈspɛkt ðə ˈvərdɪkt, waɪl kroʊˈeɪʃən əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ ðə roʊ ʃʊd bi riˈzɑlvd baɪˈlætərəli. ðə həz lʊkt tɪ ðə ˌɑrbɪˈtreɪʃən bɪtˈwin kroʊˈeɪʃə ənd sˌloʊˈviniə ɛz ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈbluˌprɪnt fər ðə weɪ tɪ ˈhændəl ˈəðər ˈbɔrdər dɪˈspjuts ðət rɪˈmeɪn bɪtˈwin ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðər ˈbɔlkən eu-hopefuls*. ˌjunəˈlætərəl wɪθˈdrɔəl kæsts daʊts ɔn ðə səkˈsɛs əv fˈjuʧər ˌɑrbɪˈtreɪʃənz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈwɛðər ˈprɑməsəz meɪd ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əbˈteɪn əkˈsɛʃən wɪl bi kɛpt wəns ə steɪt həz bɪn ədˈmɪtəd tɪ ðə ˈjunjən.
|
during the search: rescuers on horseback look for boy in a forest on hokkaido. "we just have too little information about how the boy would have acted after being left alone," local fire department rescuer satoshi saito told afp. "he must have been able to walk around himself, but we are having a difficult time projecting which route he would have taken and how far." alone in the forest, the child had no food or water and has endured heavy rains at night, according to afp. it only took several minutes for yamato to vanish after his parents abandoned him by the side of the road to teach the misbehaving boy a lesson. by the time his parents came looking for him, the child was missing.
rescuers search for the boy who was abandoned for punishment. "the parents left the boy in the mountains as punishment," a police spokesman told the japan times. "they said they went back to the site immediately, but the boy was no longer there." hokkaido police said the child went missing around local saturday, according to cnn. two hours later, the boy's parents called police and told them that the child had disappeared on a day trip while the family for wild vegetables, cnn reported., the boy's father, eventually admitted that the family's story was fabricated and that his son had actually been left behind as punishment for throwing rocks at cars along a road in the area, the japan times reported. told a local reporter that he could not initially admit to authorities what he had done, according to the paper. "i was not able to ask for [a search] with a reason of punishment," he told tv asahi, according to cnn. "i thought it might be taken as a domestic violence."
with police still deciding whether the parents will face charges related to child abandonment, many critics are calling for the parents to face repercussions, according to the times. "this is not punishment but abuse!" one twitter post read. "the parents are so stupid that i am speechless," another said. police said a search party of more than 150 officers and firefighters has been looking for the boy, who was wearing navy shorts, a black and red sneakers at the time of his disappearance, according to cnn. the northern side of the road on which the boy was left slopes toward mt. komagadake, which rises just over 3700 feet (1127 metres), according to afp.
"unless he started climbing the mountain, he would have hit a main road after walking for kilometres in any other direction," saito told afp. video footage shows dozens of searchers tramping through dense forest and thick foliage while a helicopter buzzes overheard, according to afp. overnight, the news service reported, rescuers moved through the search zone holding torches and calling out the boy's name. "i feel very sorry for my child," the father told an reporter. "i am so sorry for causing trouble for many people." the area where the child was last seen is home to wild bears, according to the times. mitsuru, a spokesman for the nearby town of nanae, told the times that the area is used as a shortcut by locals - but not often, because of how precarious it can be.
"not many people or cars pass by, and it gets totally dark as there are no lights," said. "it's not surprising to encounter bears anywhere in the area." the associated press reported that the boy's father expressed remorse in an interview with the public broadcaster and other tv stations: "i regret what i did to my child," he said. washington post follow fairfax world on facebook follow fairfax world on twitter
|
ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə sərʧ: ˈrɛˌskjuərz ɔn ˈhɔrsˌbæk lʊk fər bɔɪ ɪn ə ˈfɔrɪst ɔn hoʊˈkaɪdoʊ. "wi ʤɪst hæv tu ˈlɪtəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt haʊ ðə bɔɪ wʊd hæv ˈæktɪd ˈæftər biɪŋ lɛft əˈloʊn," ˈloʊkəl faɪər dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈrɛˌskjuər sɑˈtoʊʃi ˈseɪˌtoʊ toʊld afp*. "hi məst hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ wɔk əraʊnd hɪmˈsɛlf, bət wi ər ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈdɪfəkəlt taɪm prɑˈʤɛktɪŋ wɪʧ rut hi wʊd hæv ˈteɪkən ənd haʊ fɑr." əˈloʊn ɪn ðə ˈfɔrɪst, ðə ʧaɪld hæd noʊ fud ər ˈwɔtər ənd həz ɪnˈdʊrd ˈhɛvi reɪnz æt naɪt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ afp*. ɪt ˈoʊnli tʊk ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɪnəts fər jɑˈmɑtoʊ tɪ ˈvænɪʃ ˈæftər hɪz ˈpɛrənts əˈbændənd ɪm baɪ ðə saɪd əv ðə roʊd tɪ tiʧ ðə ˌmɪsbəˈheɪvɪŋ bɔɪ ə ˈlɛsən. baɪ ðə taɪm hɪz ˈpɛrənts keɪm ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ɪm, ðə ʧaɪld wɑz ˈmɪsɪŋ. ˈrɛˌskjuərz sərʧ fər ðə bɔɪ hu wɑz əˈbændənd fər ˈpənɪʃmənt. "ðə ˈpɛrənts lɛft ðə bɔɪ ɪn ðə ˈmaʊntənz ɛz ˈpənɪʃmənt," ə pəˈlis ˈspoʊksmən toʊld ðə ʤəˈpæn taɪmz. "ðeɪ sɛd ðeɪ wɛnt bæk tɪ ðə saɪt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli, bət ðə bɔɪ wɑz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ðɛr." hoʊˈkaɪdoʊ pəˈlis sɛd ðə ʧaɪld wɛnt ˈmɪsɪŋ əraʊnd ˈloʊkəl ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn. tu aʊərz ˈleɪtər, ðə bɔɪz ˈpɛrənts kɔld pəˈlis ənd toʊld ðɛm ðət ðə ʧaɪld hæd ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd ɔn ə deɪ trɪp waɪl ðə ˈfæməli fər waɪld ˈvɛʤtəbəlz, ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ˌriˈpɔrtəd., ðə bɔɪz ˈfɑðər, ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ədˈmɪtəd ðət ðə ˈfæməliz ˈstɔri wɑz ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪtɪd ənd ðət hɪz sən hæd ˈæˌkʧuəli bɪn lɛft bɪˈhaɪnd ɛz ˈpənɪʃmənt fər θroʊɪŋ rɑks æt kɑz əˈlɔŋ ə roʊd ɪn ðə ˈɛriə, ðə ʤəˈpæn taɪmz ˌriˈpɔrtəd. toʊld ə ˈloʊkəl rɪˈpɔrtər ðət hi kʊd nɑt ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ədˈmɪt tɪ əˈθɔrətiz wət hi hæd dən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈpeɪpər. "aɪ wɑz nɑt ˈeɪbəl tɪ æsk fər [ə sərʧ] wɪθ ə ˈrizən əv ˈpənɪʃmənt," hi toʊld ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən əˈsɑhi, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn. "aɪ θɔt ɪt maɪt bi ˈteɪkən ɛz ə dəˈmɛstɪk ˈvaɪələns." wɪθ pəˈlis stɪl ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ ˈwɛðər ðə ˈpɛrənts wɪl feɪs ˈʧɑrʤɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ʧaɪld əˈbændənmənt, ˈmɛni ˈkrɪtɪks ər ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ðə ˈpɛrənts tɪ feɪs ˌripərˈkəʃənz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə taɪmz. "ðɪs ɪz nɑt ˈpənɪʃmənt bət əˈbjuz!" wən tˈwɪtər poʊst rɛd. "ðə ˈpɛrənts ər soʊ ˈstupɪd ðət aɪ æm ˈspiʧləs," əˈnəðər sɛd. pəˈlis sɛd ə sərʧ ˈpɑrti əv mɔr ðən 150 ˈɔfɪsərz ənd ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtərz həz bɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðə bɔɪ, hu wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈneɪvi ʃɔrts, ə blæk ənd rɛd sˈnikərz æt ðə taɪm əv hɪz ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn. ðə ˈnɔrðərn saɪd əv ðə roʊd ɔn wɪʧ ðə bɔɪ wɑz lɛft sloʊps təˈwɔrd ˈɛmˈti. komagadake*, wɪʧ ˈraɪzɪz ʤɪst ˈoʊvər 3700 fit 1127 ˈmitərz), əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ afp*. "ənˈlɛs hi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈklaɪmɪŋ ðə ˈmaʊntən, hi wʊd hæv hɪt ə meɪn roʊd ˈæftər ˈwɔkɪŋ fər ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətərz ɪn ˈɛni ˈəðər dɪˈrɛkʃɪn," ˈseɪˌtoʊ toʊld afp*. ˈvɪdioʊ ˈfʊtɪʤ ʃoʊz ˈdəzənz əv ˈsərʧərz ˈtræmpɪŋ θru dɛns ˈfɔrɪst ənd θɪk ˈfoʊlɪʤ waɪl ə ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər ˈbəzɪz ˈoʊvərˈhərd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ afp*. ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt, ðə nuz ˈsərvɪs ˌriˈpɔrtəd, ˈrɛˌskjuərz muvd θru ðə sərʧ zoʊn ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈtɔrʧɪz ənd ˈkɔlɪŋ aʊt ðə bɔɪz neɪm. "aɪ fil ˈvɛri ˈsɑri fər maɪ ʧaɪld," ðə ˈfɑðər toʊld ən rɪˈpɔrtər. "aɪ æm soʊ ˈsɑri fər ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈtrəbəl fər ˈmɛni ˈpipəl." ðə ˈɛriə wɛr ðə ʧaɪld wɑz læst sin ɪz hoʊm tɪ waɪld bɛrz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə taɪmz. mitˈsuru, ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ taʊn əv nanae*, toʊld ðə taɪmz ðət ðə ˈɛriə ɪz juzd ɛz ə ˈʃɔrtˌkət baɪ ˈloʊkəlz bət nɑt ˈɔfən, bɪˈkəz əv haʊ priˈkɛriəs ɪt kən bi. "nɑt ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ər kɑz pæs baɪ, ənd ɪt gɪts ˈtoʊtəli dɑrk ɛz ðɛr ər noʊ laɪts," sɛd. "ɪts nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋ tɪ ɪnˈkaʊnər bɛrz ˈɛniˌwɛr ɪn ðə ˈɛriə." ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə bɔɪz ˈfɑðər ɪkˈsprɛst rɪˈmɔrs ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈbrɔdˌkæstər ənd ˈəðər ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈsteɪʃənz: "aɪ rɪˈgrɛt wət aɪ dɪd tɪ maɪ ʧaɪld," hi sɛd. ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst ˈfɑloʊ ˈfɛrˌfæks wərld ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈfɑloʊ ˈfɛrˌfæks wərld ɔn tˈwɪtər
|
cam newton had one of the greatest individual seasons of all time in 2015. so it should be no surprise that he is sporting news’ offensive player of the year.
don’t just take our word for it. in our annual poll of players, coaches and executives around the nfl, newton got a whopping 67 percent of the votes. that gave him considerable distance from the four tom brady, antonio brown, carson palmer and adrian peterson.
given how impressive those guys were through 16 games, newton had to be historically special. and he was.
more: top 5 plays of newton's season | ron rivera claims coach of the year award | j.j. watt repeats as title winner
newton became the quarterback to throw 35 touchdown passes in a single season, joining palmer, eli manning and blake as new members in that club. that exact number tied him for no. 2 in the league, one behind brady.
but where newton separated himself from brady and every other was the other thrilling aspect of his game. his 636 rushing yards were good for no. 31 in the league. his 10 rushing scores leave newton two away from breaking otto graham's all-time record for the position.
when you add it all up, newton was responsible for yards and 45 touchdowns. during his 2010 heisman trophy and national championship season at auburn, he produced yards and 51 touchdowns.
newton's ability to match his highest level of college production also is rare. he joins paul hornung, roger staubach, o.j. simpson, marcus allen, barry sanders and charles woodson as heisman winners who also won nfl player of the year.
sixty years ago for the browns in 1955, graham won what was then called sporting news’ in the second season. that season, the last of the late hall of career, cleveland won the league championship, too.
more: newton, a community's prince, panther's champion | 2015 team
that’s ultimately what newton is striving to cap his season: helping the panthers go from finishing to winning super bowl 50. if newton can pull off the double, he would be's first to do it since kurt warner did so with the 1999 rams.
newton, already immortalized in college, has taken his first big step to having the same status in the nfl. getting that ring would cement it.
|
kæm ˈnutən hæd wən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈsizənz əv ɔl taɪm ɪn 2015 soʊ ɪt ʃʊd bi noʊ səˈpraɪz ðət hi ɪz ˈspɔrtɪŋ news’*’ əˈfɛnsɪv pleɪər əv ðə jɪr. ʤɪst teɪk ɑr wərd fər ɪt. ɪn ɑr ˈænjuəl poʊl əv pleɪərz, ˈkoʊʧɪz ənd ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz əraʊnd ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl, ˈnutən gɑt ə ˈwɑpɪŋ 67 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə voʊts. ðət geɪv ɪm kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈdɪstəns frəm ðə fɔr tɑm ˈbreɪdi, ænˈtoʊnioʊ braʊn, ˈkɑrzən ˈpɑmər ənd ˈeɪdriən ˈpitərsən. ˈgɪvɪn haʊ ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ðoʊz gaɪz wər θru 16 geɪmz, ˈnutən hæd tɪ bi hɪˈstɔrɪkəli ˈspɛʃəl. ənd hi wɑz. mɔr: tɔp 5 pleɪz əv ˈnutənz ˈsizən rɑn rɪˈvɛrə kleɪmz koʊʧ əv ðə jɪr əˈwɔrd j.j*. wɑt rɪˈpits ɛz ˈtaɪtəl ˈwɪnər ˈnutən bɪˈkeɪm ðə kˈwɔrtərˌbæk tɪ θroʊ 35 ˈtəʧˌdaʊn ˈpæsɪz ɪn ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈsizən, ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˈpɑmər, ˈilaɪ ˈmænɪŋ ənd bleɪk ɛz nu ˈmɛmbərz ɪn ðət kləb. ðət ɪgˈzækt ˈnəmbər taɪd ɪm fər noʊ. 2 ɪn ðə lig, wən bɪˈhaɪnd ˈbreɪdi. bət wɛr ˈnutən ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd hɪmˈsɛlf frəm ˈbreɪdi ənd ˈɛvəri ˈəðər wɑz ðə ˈəðər θˈrɪlɪŋ ˈæˌspɛkt əv hɪz geɪm. hɪz 636 ˈrəʃɪŋ jɑrdz wər gʊd fər noʊ. 31 ɪn ðə lig. hɪz 10 ˈrəʃɪŋ skɔrz liv ˈnutən tu əˈweɪ frəm ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈɑˌtoʊ græmz ˌɔlˈtaɪm ˈrɛkərd fər ðə pəˈzɪʃən. wɪn ju æd ɪt ɔl əp, ˈnutən wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər jɑrdz ənd 45 ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz. ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz 2010 ˈhaɪsmən ˈtroʊfi ənd ˈnæʃənəl ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ˈsizən æt ˈɑbərn, hi prəˈdust jɑrdz ənd 51 ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz. ˈnutənz əˈbɪləˌti tɪ mæʧ hɪz haɪəst ˈlɛvəl əv ˈkɑlɪʤ pərˈdəkʃən ˈɔlsoʊ ɪz rɛr. hi ʤɔɪnz pɔl ˈhɔrnəŋ, ˈrɑʤər staubach*, o.j*. ˈsɪmpsən, ˈmɑrkəs ˈælən, ˈbɛri ˈsændərz ənd ˈʧɑrəlz ˈwʊdsən ɛz ˈhaɪsmən ˈwɪnərz hu ˈɔlsoʊ wən ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl pleɪər əv ðə jɪr. ˈsɪksti jɪrz əˈgoʊ fər ðə braʊnz ɪn 1955 græm wən wət wɑz ðɛn kɔld ˈspɔrtɪŋ news’*’ ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈsizən. ðət ˈsizən, ðə læst əv ðə leɪt hɔl əv kərɪr, ˈklivlənd wən ðə lig ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp, tu. mɔr: ˈnutən, ə kəmˈjunɪtiz prɪns, ˈpænθərz ˈʧæmpiən 2015 tim ˈəltəmətli wət ˈnutən ɪz ˈstraɪvɪŋ tɪ kæp hɪz ˈsizən: ˈhɛlpɪŋ ðə ˈpænθərz goʊ frəm ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ tɪ ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈsupər boʊl 50 ɪf ˈnutən kən pʊl ɔf ðə ˈdəbəl, hi wʊd bi fərst tɪ du ɪt sɪns kərt ˈwɔrnər dɪd soʊ wɪθ ðə 1999 ræmz. ˈnutən, ɔˈrɛdi ˌɪˈmɔrtəlaɪzd ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ, həz ˈteɪkən hɪz fərst bɪg stɛp tɪ ˈhævɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈstætəs ɪn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl. ˈgɪtɪŋ ðət rɪŋ wʊd sɪˈmɛnt ɪt.
|
"lord robert cecil" here. for his father and the prime minister, see robert, marquess of salisbury
edgar algernon robert, viscount cecil of,, pc, (14 september 1864 24 november 1958), known as lord robert cecil from 1868 to] was a british lawyer, politician and diplomat. he was one of the architects of the league of nations and a defender of it, whose service to the organisation saw him awarded the nobel peace prize in 1937.
early life and legal career [ edit ]
cecil was born at cavendish square, london, the sixthild and third son of robert, marquess of salisbury, three times prime minister, and georgina, daughter of sir edward hall alderson. he was the brother of james, marquess of salisbury, lord william cecil, lord edward cecil and lord and the cousin of arthur] he was educated at home until he was thirteen and then spent four years at eton college. he claimed in his autobiography to have enjoyed his home education most. heudied law at university college, oxford, where he became a well-known debater. a first job was as private secretary to his father, when commencing in office as prime minister from. in 1887, he was called to the bar by the inner temple. he was fond of saying that his marriage to lady eleanor lambton, daughter of george frederick d'arcy lambton, earl of] on 22 january 1889, was the thing he had ever done.
from 1887 to 1906, cecil practised civil law, including work inancery and parliamentary practice. on 15 june 1899, he was appointed a queen's] after the outbreak of the second boer war, he enrolled as a recruit in the inns of court rifles in february] but he never saw active service. he also collaborated in writing a book, entitled principles of commercial law. in 1910 he was appointed a member of the general council of the bar, and a bencher of the inner temple. he was already a justice of the peace when he was raised the following year asairman of the quarter sessions.
unionist free trader [ edit ]
at the 1906 general election, cecil was elected as a conservative member of parliament representing marylebone east. cecil was a convinced believer in free trade, opposing josephamberlain's agitation for tariff reform, denouncing it as "a rather sordid attempt to ally imperialism withate assistance for the] in february 1905 he compiled for party leader arthur balfour a memorandum on ‘the attack on unionist free trade seats’ in which he quoted a letter to the times by a member of the tariff reform league thatated they would oppose free trade candidates, whether unionist or liberal. cecil argued that he had identified at least 25 seats in which such attacks had taken]
in january 1908 cecil wrote to fellow unionist free trader arthur elliot, saying that "to me, the greatest necessity of all is to preserve, if possible, a foothold for free trade within the unionist party. for, if not, i and others who think like me, will be driven to imperil either free trade or other causes such as religious education, the house of lords, and even the union, which seem to us of equal] in march 1910 cecil and his brother lord hugh, unsuccessfully appealed toamberlain that he should postpone advocating food taxes at the next election in order to concentrate on opposing irish home]
he did not contest the marylebone seat in either of the general elections in 1910 as a result of the tariff reform controversy. instead he unsuccessfully contested blackburn in the january election and in the december] in 1911 he won a in hitchin, as an independent conservative and served as its until]
first world war minister [ edit ]
fifty years old at the outbreak of the first world war and too old for military service, cecil went to work for the red cross. he was made to the archbishop of york, on account of his deep religious convictions and commitment to pacifism. following the formation of the 1915 coalition government, he became parliamentary ofate for foreign affairs on 30 may 1915, on 16 june he was sworn of the privy] promoted to assistant secretary in. he served in this post until 10 january 1919, additionally serving in the cabinet as minister of blockade between 23 february 1916 and 18 july 1918. he was responsible for devising procedures to bring economic and commercial pressure against the enemy forcing them tooose between feeding their occupying military forces or their civilian population. after the war, in 1919, he was made an honorary fellow, and granted his ma of university college, oxford, as well as an honorary doctorate of civil law, apt for a universityancellor.
formation of the league of nations [ edit ]
in september 1916, he wrote and circulated a ‘memorandum on proposals for diminishing the occasion of future wars’ in the cabinet. cecil noted the suffering and destruction of the war, along with the threat to european and the likelihood of postwar disputes. he urged an alternative to war as a means of settling international disputes and claimed that neither the destruction of german militarism nor a postwar settlement based on self-determination would guarantee peace. cecil rejected compulsory arbitration but claimed a regular conference system would be unobjectionable. peaceful procedures for settling disputes should be compulsory before there was any outbreak of fighting. sanctions, including blockade, would be necessary to force countries to submit to peaceful procedures. if overwhelming naval and financial power could be combined in a peace system, "no modernate could ultimately resist its pressure". he hoped that america might be willing to "join in organized economic action to preserve] he later said that this was the "first document from which sprang british official advocacy of the league of nations".
in may 1917 cecil circulated his ‘proposals for maintenance of future peace’ in which the signatories would agree to keep the postwar territorial settlement for five years, followed by a conference to consider and, if necessary, to implement necessary or desirable territorialanges. countries would also agree to submit their international disputes to a conference and they would be forbidden to act until the conference had made a decision. however,ates would be allowed to act unilaterally if, after three months, the conference had failed to make a decision. all decisions made by conferences would be enforced by all the signatories, "if necessary by force of arms". if a country resorted to war without submitting the dispute to a conference, the other countries would combine to enforce a commercial and financial] cecil had originally included proposals for disarmament but these were deleted from the final draft after the diplomat sir eyre crowe submitted them to a "devastating critique" that persuaded cecil they were]
in november 1917 cecil requested from balfour the creation of a committee to consider the proposals for a league of nations. balfour granted this and in january 1918 a committee,aired by lord, was] in may 1918, with the cabinet's permission, cecil forwarded the report to the american president woodrow wilson and his advisor colonel]
in october 1918 cecil circulated a paper on league proposals to the cabinet following their request for advice. he argued that "no very elaborate machinery" would be required as the proposals rejected any form of international government; the league would be limited to a treaty binding the signatories never to go to war until a conference had been called. if a country went to war unilaterally, the signatories would use all the power at their command, economic and military, to defeat the aggressor. cecil viewed the three months' delay before countries resorted to war as the principal role of the league as this would give public opinion time to exert its peaceful] the cabinet received this paper "respectfully rather than cordially" and made no decision upon it. cecil used the paper as the basis for a speech on the subject of the league delivered at his inauguration asancellor of the university of birmingham on 12 november. on 22 november cecil resigned from the government due to his opposition to welsh disestablishment. he wrote to gilbert murray afterwards, saying that he hoped to do more for the establishment of a league of nations outside the government than within]
in late november 1918 cecil was appointed the head of the league of nations section of the foreign] a. e. had written a memorandum elaborating the functions of the league and cecil selected this as a base to work from. he ordered that a summary of the actual organisation involved in implementing its proposals be written. on 14 december he was presented with the ‘brief of league of nations organization’, which would later be called the ‘cecil plan’ at the paris peace conference. the plan included regular conferences between the signatories which would be "the pivot of the league" and that they would have to be unanimous. annual conferences of prime ministers and foreign secretaries would be complemented by quadrennial meetings between the signatories. a great power could summon a conference, with all members being able to do this if there was a danger of war. the great powers would control the league, with the smaller powers not exercising any considerable] on 17 december cecil submitted the cecil plan to the cabinet discussed the idea of the league on 24 december, with cecil being the leading]
the paris peace conference included a league of nations commission that was responsible for creating a scheme for a league, including the drafting of the covenant of the league of nations. cecil viewed wilson's draft for the league and in his diary he wrote that it was "a very bad document, badly expressed, badly arranged, and very incomplete". on 27 january cecil and the american legal expert david hunter miller spent four hours revising wilson's proposals in what became known as the draft. this included: granting more powers in the league to the great powers; granting the their own seats; a revision of wilson's arbitration proposals; and the inclusion of a permanent international] in further negotiations, cecil was successful in retaining important parts of the british draft. when wilson tried to amend it, colonel house warned him against alienating cecil as he "was the only man connected with the british government who really had the league of nations at] cecil was disappointed in lloyd george's lack of enthusiasm for the league and repeatedly threatened resignation due to some of lloyd george's]
cecil was greatly concerned at republican opposition to the league and sought to concede some of wilson's demands in order to secure american acceptance of the league. this included protecting the monroe doctrine in the] on 21 april the british empire delegation met cecil; he assured them that dominion criticism of the draft covenant had been considered and that the new draft avoided "the impression that a superate was being created". the canadians objected that while the risk of canada being invaded was unlikely, invasions occurring in france or the balkans were much greater and that these unequal risks had not been taken into consideration. furthermore, the league loaded canada with more liabilities than she had by being a member of the empire. cecil argued that the council of the league would determine when this obligation would be fulfilled and that, as it could only decide by unanimity, a canadian delegate could object and that would be the end of the] the historian george egerton in his history of the creation of the league claimed that cecil "more than anyone else, deserved credit for the successful outcome of the second phase of the work of the league of nations]
after the treaty of versailles was first presented to germany, cecil arguedrongly that it should be made less harsh on germany and that germany should be allowed to join the league. cecil left paris on 9 june, his hopes of a revision of the treaty]
league of nations union [ edit ]
encourage home industries.
lord robert cecil. "i trust that after all we may secure at least your qualified support for our league of nations?"
u.s.a. president-elect: "why, what's the matter with ours?" cartoon from punch magazine, 10 november 1920, depicting cecil advocating a design for the . "i trust that after all we may secure at least your qualified support for our league of nations?": "why, what's the matter with from, 10 november 1920, depicting cecil advocating a design for the league of nations to warren g. harding
upon returning to britain, cecil eagerly planned the activities of the league of nations union. cecil's public life from now on was almost totally devoted to the league; he was president of the union from 1923 to 1945. heaired a reconstruction committee of the union in july 1919, his primary aim to ensure that the union built a powerful lobby in britain to make sure that the government put the league at the centre of its foreign] cecil also sought to broaden the membership of the union, which had hitherto largely consisted of liberals, by soliciting the support of conservatives and]
cecil was an esperantist, and, in 1921, he proposed that the league of nations adopt esperanto as solution to the language]
from 1920 until 1922, he represented the dominion of south africa in the league assembly; in 1923 he made a tour of the unitedates, explaining the league to american audiences.
he believed that "the war ha[d] shattered the prestige of the european governing classes" and that their disappearance had created a vacuum that needed to be filled if disaster was to be averted. the primary solution to this was the construction of a european order on the basis ofristian morality, with a machinery of legal conciliation by which andauvinism" would be destroyed. the treaty of versailles had failed to create] his belief in free trade and the league were part of his vision of a world where trade, and international went together, along with international adjudication and mutual guarantees of peace. the league was not just a solution to war but also guaranteed that would be preserved within each memberate, including in britain where "the league point of view [ran] through all politics - ireland, industry, even economy...[involving] a new way of looking at things political - or rather a reversion" to victorian]
viscount (formerly sir edward) grey. cecil wished to replace lloyd george as prime minister with grey, whom he greatly admired
possible party realignment [ edit ]
cecil regarded "class war, whether the class attacked be landowners or labour, [as] the most insidious form of national] from 1920 onwards cecil wanted to bring down lloyd george and his coalition government by forming a progressive alliance between and] he had been an enemy of lloyd george for longer than any other major]
he wanted to create an centre party led by former foreign secretary viscount grey, regarding him as the embodiment of "justice" which had been britain's "greatest national foreign the last two] this party would not be class and would include "the best of the liberal and labour people" and "some of the old] he supported asquith in the paisley of february 1920 and wanted an electoral agreement between labour and] in mid july 1920 cecil wasill keen for a realignment under grey, who was keener on the league of nations than asquith, whom cecil thoughtill influential in the country but no longer a]
with his brother hugh cecil he resigned the conservative whip in february] in 1921 cecil abandoned his attempt to form a centre party butill wanted grey to return to active] talks between grey and cecil began in june] a wider meeting (cecil, asquith, grey and leading liberals lord crewe, and sir donald maclean) was held on 5 july 1921. cecil wanted a genuine coalition rather than a de facto liberal government, with grey rather than asquith as prime minister, and a formal manifesto by himself and grey which asquith and crewe would then endorse as the official liberal leaders. another conservative, sir arthureel-maitland, later joined in the talks, and his views were similar to cecil's, but maclean, and crewe were] in july cecil wrote a public letter to his constituency association attacking the coalition]
grey himself was not keen and his failing eyesight would have been a major handicap to his becoming prime minister. he did, however, make a move by speaking in his former constituency in october 1921, to little] after grey's speech cecil published a second letter which he announced he would with a grey government. in november when the irish situation looked likely to cause the fall of the coalition, cecil wrote to the king urging him to appoint grey as prime]
in april 1922 in another constituency letter he distanced himself from other conservatives by insisting on the importance of not being reactionary and in may he claimed that the dominant force within the conservatives were a group of men who only cared for "the preservation of its property". he again announced his willingness to serve under grey in a government based on industrial and support for the league. however cecil became disillusioned with the liberals' opposition to reconstructing the party system; he declined an invitation to join the liberals so long as asquith remained leader rather than grey. with the fall of the lloyd george coalition in october and the appointment of bonar law as conservative prime minister, cecil pledged to support the new government, though he was not offered]
a traditional tory in a modernizing world [ edit ]
in baldwin's conservative administrations of 1923 to 1924, and 1924 to 1927 he was the minister responsible, under the jurisdiction of the foreign secretary, for british activities in league affairs. on 28 may 1923, cecil returned to the cabinet as lord privy] a position held by several members of his]
cecil wrote to baldwin on 29 october 1923, offering his support on tariff reform if baldwin would adopt a vigorous policy in return. heated that britain's economic problems could not be solved by tariffs, rather by solving the collapse of european credit, war debts and "international suspicion"; and withdrawing support from all international organisations except the] because of his disagreement with the conservatives' policy of tariffs, cecil did notand in the general election of december 1923. after the conservatives lost their majority, he was raised to the peerage as viscount cecil of, of east grinstead in the county of sussex, on] december] he remained lord privy seal until 22 february] when ramsay macdonald's minority labour government took office, macdonald apologised to cecil for not retaining him as the government's league] but at the period was rewarded by being asked to be rector of aberdeen university, when they granted him an honorary doctorate of]
the conservatives returned to power at the october 1924 general election and cecil was asked byanley baldwin to beancellor of the duchy of] he led the british delegation to the opium conference at geneva in 1925. during a naval conference of 1927 in geneva, negotiations broke down after the unitedates refused to agree to the british argument that britain needed a minimum of seventy cruisers to adequately defend the british empire, its trade and communications. cutting the number of british cruisers from seventy to fifty was proposed by the americans in return for concessions over their size and the of their guns. cecil, a member of the british delegation, resigned from the cabinet because the british government let the conference break down rather than reduce the number of royal navy cruisers.
cecil was very concerned about the increasing social problems and public dangers associated with the growth in popularity of the motor car. in 1929, cecil accepted the post of president of the newly formed pedestrians association who were to campaign successfully to introduce many new measures to benefit]
although an official delegate to the league as late as 1932, cecil worked independently to public opinion in support of the league. he was joint founder and president, with a french jurist, of the international peace campaign, known in france as pour la paix. among his publications during this period were the way of peace (1928), a collection of lectures on the league; a great experiment (1941), a account of his relationship to the league of nations; and all the way (1949), a more complete autobiography.
the japanese invasion of manchuria, which began in 1931, was a flagrant breach of the covenant of the league of] the geneva disarmament conference began in february 1932, and due to disarmament britain was powerless toop japanese aggression. baldwin told thomas jones on 27 february that "the very people like bob cecil who have made us disarm, and quite right too, are now urging us forward to take action. but where will action take us? ...if you enforce an economic boycott you will have war declared by japan and she will seize singapore and hong kong and we cannot, as we are placed,op] cecil wrote to baldwin in july that he found himself "more and more out of sympathy with modern conservatism" and he considered the government's disarmament proposals made at geneva "quite] in march 1933 he complained to baldwin that the technical advisers, especially british ones, had sabotaged the prospect of abolishing aircraft and of bombing, particularly from those who wanted to retain it for areas such as the frontier of]
cecil's experience at the geneva disarmament conference convinced him that the league was being by "hankeyism", the doctrine that the balance of power and national interests of countries were the only basis of international relations, named after the secretary to the committee of imperial defence (1912-1938) sir maurice] he admired anthony eden, lord halifax and baldwin but regarded macdonald as an enemy of the league and disliked lord londonderry, lord and sir john simon as "the worst foreign secretary since derby in]
cecil and the policy of appeasement [ edit ]
after adolf hitler becameancellor of germany in january 1933, cecil wasill hopeful of progress in disarmament. he "the total abolition of naval and military aircraft, plus the creation of an international" civil air force along with german equality in aircraft. laterill in 1933 he advocated "the abolition of aggressive arms" as "the power of the defensive" would mean that "france and the smaller countries would be safer any other] in october, a month before the germans left the conference, cecil said in a broadcast that the "rules governing [german] disarmament" should be "the same in principle as those governing the armaments of any other power" and in a letter to gilbert murray he said "goebbels [had] made rather a impression at geneva and [was] said to be quite pleased with the league". he deplored the nazis education policy,]
in april 1934 cecil wrote to philip that baldwin had told him that an attempt by hankey to find a practical way of civil aviation had failed, to which cecil replied that he "did not think hankey was a very good adviser on such questions as he disapproved of peace and] hankey had been an early critic of the feasibility of a league of nations: in 1919 he complained that the british representatives on the league commission, cecil and smuts, were idealists; cecil was "not very practical on this particular question. i am afraid their scheme will prove unworkable for two reasons, first, that it attempts too much, and second, that not enough attention is given to the] in 1923 he wrote that cecil was a]
in 1934 cecil the british government for the missed opportunity of gaining french at the conference after the electoral victory of the french] in august he wrote to murray that because baldwin had quoted the f. s. oliver" in declaring that britain's real frontier was on the rhine, he was very far from a league frame of mind and that the government "ought to go" in spite of "the intellectual nonentity of the labour] he denounced the worldwide spread of nationalism and the outbreak of isolationism in britain, claiming that isolation was a "principle of anarchy" and that in modern conditions countries could "no more live alone than] the british government in cecil's view was so that he should sever his connections with the conservatives and began to favour relations with]
the front of 1935 between britain, france and italy received cecil's criticism because it appeared to be an alliance in which germany was excluded and condoned their failure to disarm. cecil wrote to baldwin, arguing that hitler should be given aance to sign a disarmament treaty, though he doubted whether this would be effective because everything that hitler had hitherto done, along with prussian practice of the last two centuries, suggested that it would fail. but after its likely failure, the league would have reason for contemplating the "economic and financial measures which might be applied to aate endangering peace by unilateral repudiation of its international]
in june 1935 cecil believed that a "collective threat from the league or a breach of british friendship" would prevent the italian invasion of abyssinia of. the attempt to prevent it by ceding a part of british somaliland to italy met with cecil's] later that year cecil used the union to pressure the government into league action against italy. he also oil sanctions and the closure of the suez canal (even if this breached international law). he became increasingly towards attitude to foreign policy and in august he contemplated joining it. at the general election held in november, he the union's policy of advising electors to vote for the candidate most likely to support the] the pact of december met with cecil's disapproval because it would mean that "as between the league of nations and mussolini, mussolini ha[d] won" and that hoare had set back the only hope of showing that aggression did not] cecil believed that france's suspicion of germany was the main cause of the pact and that britain should therefore bargain with france possible british against germany in return for french against]
1935 saw the highest influence that cecil and the union had ever possessed. thereafter both went into sharp] the of the rhineland in march 1936 was to cecil the "most dangerous crisis since 1914" but it could not be resolved by "letting off italy" since "the security of france, of russia and indeed of every country in europe would now be greater had the league already proved by its defeat of italian aggression that the community as a whole couldifle] in april cecil believed that as italy had to subdue abyssinia quickly, britain ought to favour not only existing sanctions but increased sanctions against italy. when abyssinian resistance collapsed in may, italy should have been expelled from the league in order to demonstrate that "an effective system of collective security" was possible. otherwise it would become obvious that the league was a "failure", that the union was "bankrupt" and that collective security was a]
cecil tried to prevent conservative withdrawal from the union by presenting the league as "an almost ideal machinery" for the "preservation of the] however the union further swung to the left and received complaints from nevilleamberlain and conservative central office about the tone of union] in may 1938 cecil complained that the government had "allowed the league to disintegrate" and in august that their "ambiguities and timidities" were failing to ensure that hitler understood that further aggression would be a breach of international]
in may 1938 he said in a letter that german diplomacy had never in history been founded on honest dealing: "the germans really conceive of their country as always under war conditions in this respect. no one expects a belligerent to tell the truth and, to the german mind, they are always belligerent. the germans take the view that war is only intensified] cecil was a critic of the munich agreement, whereby the lands of czechoslovakia were granted to nazi germany. he wrote to the foreign secretary lord halifax on 20 september 1938 that he "had not felt so bitterly on any public question since the fall of khartoum" in] the conduct of the government had completely alienated cecil from the]
in his memoirs cecil wrote that mrs beneš (wife of the czech president beneš) telephoned him on behalf of her husband and asked for advice on the crisis: "i felt forced to reply that, much as i sympathized with her country, i could not advise her to rely on any help from mine. it was the only reply that could be made, but i have never felt a more miserable worm than i did when making it. to me and many others the transaction was as shameful as anything in our] he further lamented that "nothing was more painful in the whole of than the constant threats of the germans to enforce by arms any of their demands which were resisted, threats to which we instantly] he wrote a letter to the guardian denouncing munich: "but supposing there is a german guarantee, of what is its value? it is unnecessary to accuse germany of perfidy. not only the nazi government but all previous german governments from the time of frederick the great downwards have made their position perfectly clear. to them an international assurance is no more than aatement of present intention. it has no absolute validity for the]
after the german invasion of the remaining czechoslovakate in march 1939, cecil opposed eden joining the government because such arengthening ofamberlain would be a disaster. he had a low opinion of the labour party (except for sirafford cripps and), whom he thought were doctrinaire and unpractical. in his view attlee was "not a leader" and would have to be removed if labour was to be] he wanted a "closer union between europeanates" against "nationalism" in the postwar]
in the spring of 1946, he participated in the final meetings of the league at geneva, ending his speech with the sentence: "the league is dead; long live the united]
later life [ edit ]
he lived for thirteen more years, occasionally occupying his place in the house of lords, and supporting international efforts for peace through his honorary life presidency of the united nations association.
in his last speech in the house of lords on 23 april 1953, cecil reiterated his commitment to world peace. he admitted that it is "the essence of national sovereignty that independent nations cannot be compelled, except by force of arms, to take action of which their governments that remains true, whatever may be the terms of any general agreement they may have made. no elaborate or ingenious organisation will alter that fact". he added that any plan for international peace must rest onristian and "we british especially insist that in our own country, from the days of king alfred to the present time,ristian has been responsible for every improvement and every advance that has been made". he said that that system had been attacked by russian dialectical materialism, "its central tenet is that there is no such thing as the spiritual nature of man, or, if there is, it should be ignored oramped out as speedily as possible". however, "if you ignore or abolish the spiritual nature of man, you destroy the foundation on which rests all truth, justice and freedom, except such as can flow from the love of money or what money can buy". he advocated rearmament to prevent a bolshevik attack and claimed that "christian is the only real alternative to dialectical materialism". unless there was aange in the principle of materialism, "i do not see how we can have any permanent security for]
styles of address and [ edit ]
lord cecil of, 1929.
styles of address [ edit ]
1864–1868: mr robert
1868–1899: lord robert
1899–1901: lord robert
1901–1906: lord robert
1906–1910: lord robert
1910–1911: lord robert
1911–1915: lord robert
1915–1923: the hon lord robert
lord robert 1923: the hon lord robert
lord robert: the hon the viscount cecil of pc
the viscount cecil of pc: the hon the viscount cecil of pc
honours [ edit ]
cecil's career brought him many. in addition to his peerage, he was appointed companion of honour in] was electedancellor of the university of birmingham (1918–1944) and rector of the university of aberdeen (1924–1927). he was given the peace award of the woodrow wilson foundation in 1924. most significantly, he was awarded the nobel peace prize in 1937. he was presented with honorary degrees by the universities of edinburgh, oxford, cambridge, manchester, liverpool, andrews, aberdeen, princeton, columbia, and athens.
cecil died on 24 november 1958 at his home at gate, near] he left no heirs and his became extinct.
legacy [ edit ]
lord home paid tribute to cecil in the house of lords two days after his death:
he was one of the first people, perhaps, in the modern foresee the absolute need for nations to meet round the table in discussion of their national affairs in the interests of peace. he was one of the architects of the league of nations. and your will recall the unflagging enthusiasm with which he pursued the cause of peace wherever he went. his vision of a world disarmed, where conciliation would hold the day, was time and again since have been convinced of the rightness of his ideal, although the world has not proved itself yet great enough to match his great conception. in the united nations, which was the successor of the league of nations, there is many a living monument to lord cecil. many of the committees which do great work in the international field were the result of his conception and are daily drawing people closer and closer together in interdependence. i, myself, because my father was very keen and with him did much in the league of nations field, remember lord robert cecil coming toay at home; and many a time at dinner, when i was a comparatively young man, i would watch him, with his long figure, slide more and more under the table, until only the distinguished head was left above his plate, and he would tell us of all his plans for the future peace of the world. ever since then i have felt that so long as he was alive there was one among us who, however bitter therife and however blind the world, never despaired of finding peace in our]
viscount alexander of hillsborough said that cecil "impressed me by his complete devotion to the cause which ought to be, if it is not, the main cause in all our try to secure peace and to establish the brotherhood of am sure that the whole nation mourns the loss of a great public figure, to whom and to whose work we are all greatly] clement attlee also paid tribute: "i think the whole world has lost a very great man and a very great friend. wherever the cause of peace is mentioned, the name of lord cecil will always come up, and the complete devotion that he gave to that cause for so many] lord said of cecil that his "life was devoted not to self, not to his own or some advantage of a personal kind, but to the well-being of his fellow human beings and the good fortune of this country and the whole]
salvador de summed up cecil'saracter:
the gaunt,ooping, clerical figure of robert cecil seemed ever drawn forward by an eager zest which one fancied sharpened his long pointed nose and flashed in his powerful eye (only one: in cecil the other eye did not matter). that cross hanging from his pocket witnessed to the religious basis of his political faiths; but the sharp tongue, the determinedin, the large, powerful hand, the air of a man used to be obeyed, proud towards men if humble before god, did suggest that in that tall figureriding with his long legs the thronged corridors of the league, the levels ofristianarity were kept high above the plane of]
works [ edit ]
'lord salisbury', monthly review , xiii, october 1903
, xiii, october 1903 our nationalurch (1913)
(1913) the way of peace (1928)
(1928) a letter to an m.p. on disarmament (1931)
(1931) 'the league as a road to peace', in l. woolf (ed.), the intelligent man's way to avoid war (london: victor gollancz, 1933), pp.
(london: victor gollancz, 1933), pp. a great experiment (1941)
(1941) all the way (1949)
notes [ edit ]
references [ edit ]
further reading [ edit ]
birn, d. s. (1981). the league of nations union, .
brody, j. kenneth (1999). the avoidable war, volume i: lord cecil and the policy of principle, . transaction.
brody, j. kenneth (1999). the avoidable war, volume ii: pierre laval and the politics of reality, . transaction.
ceadel, martin (1980). "the first british referendum: the peace ballot,". english historical review . 95 : ,.
cecil, hugh p. (1975). "lord robert cecil: a upbringing". history today . 25 : ,.
johnson, gaynor. lord robert cecil: politician & internationalist (2014), major scholarly biography.
(2014), major scholarly biography. raffo, p. s. (1974). "the league of nations philosophy of lord robert cecil". australian journal of politics and history . 20 : ,.
thompson, j. a. (1977). "lord cecil and the pacifists in the league of nations union". the historical journal . 20. 4 : ,.
thompson, j. a. (1981). "lord cecil and the historians". the historical journal. 24. 3: ,.
|
"lɔrd ˈrɑbərt ˈsisəl" hir. fər hɪz ˈfɑðər ənd ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər, si ˈrɑbərt, ˈmɑrkwəs əv ˈsælzbəri ˈɛdgər ˈælʤərnɑn ˈrɑbərt, ˈvɪskaʊnt ˈsisəl əv,, ˈpiˈsi, 14 sɛpˈtɛmbər 1864 24 noʊˈvɛmbər 1958 noʊn ɛz lɔrd ˈrɑbərt ˈsisəl frəm 1868 tɪ wɑz ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈlɔjər, ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən ənd ˈdɪpləˌmæt. hi wɑz wən əv ðə ˈɑrkəˌtɛkts əv ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz ənd ə dɪˈfɛndər əv ɪt, huz ˈsərvɪs tɪ ðə ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən sɔ ɪm əˈwɔrdɪd ðə noʊˈbɛl pis praɪz ɪn 1937 ˈərli laɪf ənd ˈligəl kərɪr ˈɛdət ˈsisəl wɑz bɔrn æt ˈkævəndɪʃ skwɛr, ˈləndən, ðə sɪksθ ʧaɪld ənd θərd sən əv ˈrɑbərt, ˈmɑrkwəs əv ˈsælzbəri, θri taɪmz praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər, ənd ˌʤɔˈrʤinə, ˈdɔtər əv sər ˈɛdwərd hɔl ˈɔldərsən. hi wɑz ðə ˈbrəðər əv ʤeɪmz, ˈmɑrkwəs əv ˈsælzbəri, lɔrd ˈwɪljəm ˈsisəl, lɔrd ˈɛdwərd ˈsisəl ənd lɔrd ənd ðə ˈkəzən əv ˈɑrθər hi wɑz ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd æt hoʊm ənˈtɪl hi wɑz ˈθərˈtin ənd ðɛn spɛnt fɔr jɪrz æt ˈitən ˈkɑlɪʤ. hi kleɪmd ɪn hɪz ˌɔtəbaɪˈɑgrəfi tɪ hæv ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd hɪz hoʊm ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən moʊst. hi ˈstədid lɔ æt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈkɑlɪʤ, ˈɑksfərd, wɛr hi bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈwɛlˈnoʊn dəˈbeɪtər. ə fərst ʤɑb wɑz ɛz ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri tɪ hɪz ˈfɑðər, wɪn kəˈmɛnsɪŋ ɪn ˈɔfəs ɛz praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər frəm ɪn 1887 hi wɑz kɔld tɪ ðə bɑr baɪ ðə ˈɪnər ˈtɛmpəl. hi wɑz fɑnd əv seɪɪŋ ðət hɪz ˈmɛrɪʤ tɪ ˈleɪdi ˈɛlənər lambton*, ˈdɔtər əv ʤɔrʤ ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈdɑrˌsi lambton*, ərl əv ɔn 22 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1889 wɑz ðə θɪŋ hi hæd ˈɛvər dən. frəm 1887 tɪ 1906 ˈsisəl ˈpræktɪst ˈsɪvəl lɔ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wərk ɪn ˈʧænsəri ənd ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri ˈpræktɪs. ɔn 15 ʤun 1899 hi wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd ə kwinz ˈæftər ðə ˈaʊtˌbreɪk əv ðə ˈsɛkənd bɔr wɔr, hi ɛnˈroʊld ɛz ə rɪˈkrut ɪn ðə ɪnz əv kɔrt ˈraɪfəlz ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri bət hi ˈnɛvər sɔ ˈæktɪv ˈsərvɪs. hi ˈɔlsoʊ kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪd ɪn ˈraɪtɪŋ ə bʊk, ɛnˈtaɪtəld ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv kəˈmərʃəl lɔ. ɪn 1910 hi wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkaʊnsəl əv ðə bɑr, ənd ə ˈbɛnʧər əv ðə ˈɪnər ˈtɛmpəl. hi wɑz ɔˈrɛdi ə ˈʤəstɪs əv ðə pis wɪn hi wɑz reɪzd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ jɪr ɛz ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə kˈwɔrtər ˈsɛʃənz. ˈjunjənəst fri ˈtreɪdər ˈɛdət æt ðə 1906 ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən, ˈsisəl wɑz ɪˈlɛktɪd ɛz ə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈmɛmbər əv ˈpɑrləmɛnt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ˈmərləboʊn ist. ˈsisəl wɑz ə kənˈvɪnst bɪˈlivər ɪn fri treɪd, əˈpoʊzɪŋ ˈʤoʊzəf ˈʧeɪmbərlənz ˌæʤəˈteɪʃən fər ˈtɛrəf rɪˈfɔrm, dɪˈnaʊnsɪŋ ɪt ɛz "ə ˈrəðər ˈsɔrdəd əˈtɛmpt tɪ ˈælaɪ ˌɪmˈpɪriəˌlɪzəm wɪθ steɪt əˈsɪstəns fər ðə ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1905 hi kəmˈpaɪld fər ˈpɑrti ˈlidər ˈɑrθər ˈbælfɔr ə ˌmɛmərˈændəm ɔn əˈtæk ɔn ˈjunjənəst fri treɪd seats’*’ ɪn wɪʧ hi kˈwoʊtɪd ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə taɪmz baɪ ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈtɛrəf rɪˈfɔrm lig ðət ˈsteɪtɪd ðeɪ wʊd əˈpoʊz fri treɪd ˈkænədɪts, ˈwɛðər ˈjunjənəst ər ˈlɪˌbərəl. ˈsisəl ˈɑrgjud ðət hi hæd aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd æt list 25 sits ɪn wɪʧ səʧ əˈtæks hæd ˈteɪkən ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1908 ˈsisəl roʊt tɪ ˈfɛloʊ ˈjunjənəst fri ˈtreɪdər ˈɑrθər ˈɛliət, seɪɪŋ ðət "tɪ mi, ðə ˈgreɪtəst nəˈsɛsɪti əv ɔl ɪz tɪ prɪˈzərv, ɪf ˈpɑsəbəl, ə ˈfʊˌthoʊld fər fri treɪd wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈjunjənəst ˈpɑrti. fər, ɪf nɑt, aɪ ənd ˈəðərz hu θɪŋk laɪk mi, wɪl bi ˈdrɪvən tɪ ˌɪmˈpɛrəl ˈiðər fri treɪd ər ˈəðər ˈkɔzɪz səʧ ɛz rɪˈlɪʤəs ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ðə haʊs əv lɔrdz, ənd ˈivɪn ðə ˈjunjən, wɪʧ sim tɪ ˈjuˈɛs əv ˈikwəl ɪn mɑrʧ 1910 ˈsisəl ənd hɪz ˈbrəðər lɔrd ju, ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəli əˈpild tɪ ˈʧeɪmbərlɪn ðət hi ʃʊd poʊstˈpoʊn ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪŋ fud ˈtæksɪz æt ðə nɛkst ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ɔn əˈpoʊzɪŋ ˈaɪrɪʃ hoʊm hi dɪd nɑt ˈkɑntɛst ðə ˈmərləboʊn sit ɪn ˈiðər əv ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz ɪn 1910 ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˈtɛrəf rɪˈfɔrm ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi. ˌɪnˈstɛd hi ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəli kənˈtɛstəd ˈblækbərn ɪn ðə ˈʤænjuˌɛri ɪˈlɛkʃən ənd ɪn ðə dɪˈsɛmbər ɪn 1911 hi wən ə ɪn hitchin*, ɛz ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt kənˈsərvətɪv ənd sərvd ɛz ɪts ənˈtɪl fərst wərld wɔr ˈmɪnɪstər ˈɛdət ˈfɪfti jɪrz oʊld æt ðə ˈaʊtˌbreɪk əv ðə fərst wərld wɔr ənd tu oʊld fər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈsərvɪs, ˈsisəl wɛnt tɪ wərk fər ðə rɛd krɔs. hi wɑz meɪd tɪ ðə ˈɑrʧˈbɪʃəp əv jɔrk, ɔn əˈkaʊnt əv hɪz dip rɪˈlɪʤəs kənˈvɪkʃənz ənd kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ˈpæsɪˌfɪzəm. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ðə 1915 ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈgəvərnmənt, hi bɪˈkeɪm ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri əv steɪt fər ˈfɔrən əˈfɛrz ɔn 30 meɪ 1915 ɔn 16 ʤun hi wɑz swɔrn əv ðə ˈprɪvi prəˈmoʊtəd tɪ əˈsɪstənt ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ɪn hi sərvd ɪn ðɪs poʊst ənˈtɪl 10 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1919 əˈdɪʃəˌnəli ˈsərvɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkæbənət ɛz ˈmɪnɪstər əv ˌblɑˈkeɪd bɪtˈwin 23 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1916 ənd 18 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1918 hi wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər dɪˈvaɪzɪŋ prəˈsiʤərz tɪ brɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd kəˈmərʃəl ˈprɛʃər əˈgɛnst ðə ˈɛnəmi ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ʧuz bɪtˈwin ˈfidɪŋ ðɛr ˈɑkjəˌpaɪɪŋ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈfɔrsɪz ər ðɛr səˈvɪljən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ˈæftər ðə wɔr, ɪn 1919 hi wɑz meɪd ən ˈɑnərˌɛri ˈfɛloʊ, ənd ˈgrænɪd hɪz mɑ əv ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈkɑlɪʤ, ˈɑksfərd, ɛz wɛl ɛz ən ˈɑnərˌɛri ˈdɑktərət əv ˈsɪvəl lɔ, æpt fər ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈʧænsələr. fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz ˈɛdət ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 1916 hi roʊt ənd ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪd ə ɔn prəˈpoʊzəlz fər dɪˈmɪnɪʃɪŋ ðə əˈkeɪʒən əv fˈjuʧər wars’*’ ɪn ðə ˈkæbənət. ˈsisəl ˈnoʊtɪd ðə ˈsəfərɪŋ ənd dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ðə wɔr, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə θrɛt tɪ ˌjʊrəˈpiən ənd ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd əv ˈpoʊstˈwɔr dɪˈspjuts. hi ərʤd ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ wɔr ɛz ə minz əv ˈsɛtəlɪŋ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl dɪˈspjuts ənd kleɪmd ðət ˈniðər ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ˈʤərmən ˈmɪlətərˌɪzəm nɔr ə ˈpoʊstˈwɔr ˈsɛtəlmənt beɪst ɔn ˈsɛlfdɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən wʊd ˌgɛrənˈti pis. ˈsisəl rɪˈʤɛktɪd kəmˈpəlsəri ˌɑrbɪˈtreɪʃən bət kleɪmd ə ˈrɛgjələr ˈkɑnfərəns ˈsɪstəm wʊd bi unobjectionable*. ˈpisfəl prəˈsiʤərz fər ˈsɛtəlɪŋ dɪˈspjuts ʃʊd bi kəmˈpəlsəri ˌbiˈfɔr ðɛr wɑz ˈɛni ˈaʊtˌbreɪk əv ˈfaɪtɪŋ. ˈsæŋkʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌblɑˈkeɪd, wʊd bi ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ fɔrs ˈkəntriz tɪ səbˈmɪt tɪ ˈpisfəl prəˈsiʤərz. ɪf ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ ˈneɪvəl ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl paʊər kʊd bi kəmˈbaɪnd ɪn ə pis ˈsɪstəm, "noʊ ˈmɑdərn steɪt kʊd ˈəltəmətli rɪˈzɪst ɪts ˈprɛʃər". hi hoʊpt ðət əˈmɛrɪkə maɪt bi ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ "ʤɔɪn ɪn ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈækʃən tɪ prɪˈzərv hi ˈleɪtər sɛd ðət ðɪs wɑz ðə "fərst ˈdɑkjəmɛnt frəm wɪʧ spræŋ ˈbrɪtɪʃ əˈfɪʃəl ˈædvəkəsi əv ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz". ɪn meɪ 1917 ˈsisəl ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪd hɪz fər ˈmeɪntənəns əv fˈjuʧər peace’*’ ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈsɪgnəˌtɔriz wʊd əˈgri tɪ kip ðə ˈpoʊstˈwɔr ˌtɛrɪˈtɔriəl ˈsɛtəlmənt fər faɪv jɪrz, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə ˈkɑnfərəns tɪ kənˈsɪdər ənd, ɪf ˈnɛsəˌsɛri, tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ər dɪˈzaɪərəbəl ˌtɛrɪˈtɔriəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ˈkəntriz wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ əˈgri tɪ səbˈmɪt ðɛr ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl dɪˈspjuts tɪ ə ˈkɑnfərəns ənd ðeɪ wʊd bi ˈfɔrbɪdən tɪ ækt ənˈtɪl ðə ˈkɑnfərəns hæd meɪd ə dɪˈsɪʒən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, steɪts wʊd bi əˈlaʊd tɪ ækt ˌjunəˈlætərəli ɪf, ˈæftər θri mənθs, ðə ˈkɑnfərəns hæd feɪld tɪ meɪk ə dɪˈsɪʒən. ɔl dɪˈsɪʒənz meɪd baɪ ˈkɑnfərənsəz wʊd bi ɛnˈfɔrst baɪ ɔl ðə ˈsɪgnəˌtɔriz, "ɪf ˈnɛsəˌsɛri baɪ fɔrs əv ɑrmz". ɪf ə ˈkəntri rɪˈzɔrtɪd tɪ wɔr wɪˈθaʊt səbˈmɪtɪŋ ðə dɪˈspjut tɪ ə ˈkɑnfərəns, ðə ˈəðər ˈkəntriz wʊd ˈkɑmbaɪn tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs ə kəˈmərʃəl ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsisəl hæd ərˈɪʤənəli ˌɪnˈkludɪd prəˈpoʊzəlz fər dɪˈsɑrməmənt bət ðiz wər dɪˈlitəd frəm ðə ˈfaɪnəl dræft ˈæftər ðə ˈdɪpləˌmæt sər ɛr kroʊ səbˈmɪtəd ðɛm tɪ ə "ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ krɪˈtik" ðət pərsˈweɪdɪd ˈsisəl ðeɪ wər ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 1917 ˈsisəl rɪkˈwɛstɪd frəm ˈbælfɔr ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ə kəˈmɪti tɪ kənˈsɪdər ðə prəˈpoʊzəlz fər ə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz. ˈbælfɔr ˈgrænɪd ðɪs ənd ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1918 ə kəˈmɪti, ʧɛrd baɪ lɔrd, wɑz ɪn meɪ 1918 wɪθ ðə ˈkæbnəts pərˈmɪʃən, ˈsisəl ˈfɔrwərdɪd ðə rɪˈpɔrt tɪ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈwʊˌdroʊ ˈwɪlsən ənd hɪz ædˈvaɪzər ˈkərnəl ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 1918 ˈsisəl ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪd ə ˈpeɪpər ɔn lig prəˈpoʊzəlz tɪ ðə ˈkæbənət ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðɛr rɪkˈwɛst fər ədˈvaɪs. hi ˈɑrgjud ðət "noʊ ˈvɛri ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt məˈʃinəri" wʊd bi rikˈwaɪərd ɛz ðə prəˈpoʊzəlz rɪˈʤɛktɪd ˈɛni fɔrm əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈgəvərnmənt; ðə lig wʊd bi ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ə ˈtriti ˈbaɪndɪŋ ðə ˈsɪgnəˌtɔriz ˈnɛvər tɪ goʊ tɪ wɔr ənˈtɪl ə ˈkɑnfərəns hæd bɪn kɔld. ɪf ə ˈkəntri wɛnt tɪ wɔr ˌjunəˈlætərəli, ðə ˈsɪgnəˌtɔriz wʊd juz ɔl ðə paʊər æt ðɛr kəˈmænd, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, tɪ dɪˈfit ðə əˈgrɛsər. ˈsisəl vjud ðə θri mənθs' dɪˈleɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkəntriz rɪˈzɔrtɪd tɪ wɔr ɛz ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl roʊl əv ðə lig ɛz ðɪs wʊd gɪv ˈpəblɪk əˈpɪnjən taɪm tɪ ɪgˈzərt ɪts ˈpisfəl ðə ˈkæbənət rɪˈsivd ðɪs ˈpeɪpər "rɪˈspɛktfəli ˈrəðər ðən ˈkɔrʤəli" ənd meɪd noʊ dɪˈsɪʒən əˈpɑn ɪt. ˈsisəl juzd ðə ˈpeɪpər ɛz ðə ˈbeɪsɪs fər ə spiʧ ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ðə lig dɪˈlɪvərd æt hɪz ˌɪˌnɔgjəˈreɪʃən ɛz ˈʧænsələr əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈbərmɪŋˌhæm ɔn 12 noʊˈvɛmbər. ɔn 22 noʊˈvɛmbər ˈsisəl rɪˈzaɪnd frəm ðə ˈgəvərnmənt du tɪ hɪz ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ wɛlʧ dɪsɪˈstæblɪʃmənt. hi roʊt tɪ ˈgɪlbərt ˈməri ˈæftərwərdz, seɪɪŋ ðət hi hoʊpt tɪ du mɔr fər ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv ə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ðən wɪˈθɪn ɪn leɪt noʊˈvɛmbər 1918 ˈsisəl wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd ðə hɛd əv ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə ˈfɔrən ə. i. hæd ˈrɪtən ə ˌmɛmərˈændəm ɪˈlæbərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈfəŋkʃənz əv ðə lig ənd ˈsisəl səˈlɛktɪd ðɪs ɛz ə beɪs tɪ wərk frəm. hi ˈɔrdərd ðət ə ˈsəməri əv ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ɪts prəˈpoʊzəlz bi ˈrɪtən. ɔn 14 dɪˈsɛmbər hi wɑz pərˈzɛnəd wɪθ ðə əv lig əv ˈneɪʃənz organization’*’, wɪʧ wʊd ˈleɪtər bi kɔld ðə plan’*’ æt ðə ˈpɛrɪs pis ˈkɑnfərəns. ðə plæn ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈrɛgjələr ˈkɑnfərənsəz bɪtˈwin ðə ˈsɪgnəˌtɔriz wɪʧ wʊd bi "ðə ˈpɪvət əv ðə lig" ənd ðət ðeɪ wʊd hæv tɪ bi juˈnænəməs. ˈænjuəl ˈkɑnfərənsəz əv praɪm ˈmɪnɪstərz ənd ˈfɔrən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛriz wʊd bi ˈkɑmpləˌmɛntɪd baɪ kwɑˈdrɛniəl ˈmitɪŋz bɪtˈwin ðə ˈsɪgnəˌtɔriz. ə greɪt paʊər kʊd ˈsəmən ə ˈkɑnfərəns, wɪθ ɔl ˈmɛmbərz biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ du ðɪs ɪf ðɛr wɑz ə ˈdeɪnʤər əv wɔr. ðə greɪt paʊərz wʊd kənˈtroʊl ðə lig, wɪθ ðə sˈmɔlər paʊərz nɑt ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪŋ ˈɛni kənˈsɪdərəbəl ɔn 17 dɪˈsɛmbər ˈsisəl səbˈmɪtəd ðə ˈsisəl plæn tɪ ðə ˈkæbənət dɪˈskəst ðə aɪˈdiə əv ðə lig ɔn 24 dɪˈsɛmbər, wɪθ ˈsisəl biɪŋ ðə ˈlidɪŋ ðə ˈpɛrɪs pis ˈkɑnfərəns ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz kəˈmɪʃən ðət wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə skim fər ə lig, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈdræftɪŋ əv ðə ˈkəvənənt əv ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz. ˈsisəl vjud ˈwɪlsənz dræft fər ðə lig ənd ɪn hɪz ˈdaɪəri hi roʊt ðət ɪt wɑz "ə ˈvɛri bæd ˈdɑkjəmɛnt, ˈbædli ɪkˈsprɛst, ˈbædli əreɪnʤd, ənd ˈvɛri ˌɪnkəmˈplit". ɔn 27 ˈʤænjuˌɛri ˈsisəl ənd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈligəl ˈɛkspərt ˈdeɪvɪd ˈhəntər ˈmɪlər spɛnt fɔr aʊərz rɪˈvaɪzɪŋ ˈwɪlsənz prəˈpoʊzəlz ɪn wət bɪˈkeɪm noʊn ɛz ðə dræft. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludɪd: ˈgrænɪŋ mɔr paʊərz ɪn ðə lig tɪ ðə greɪt paʊərz; ˈgrænɪŋ ðə ðɛr oʊn sits; ə riˈvɪʒən əv ˈwɪlsənz ˌɑrbɪˈtreɪʃən prəˈpoʊzəlz; ənd ðə ˌɪnˈkluʒən əv ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪn ˈfərðər nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz, ˈsisəl wɑz səkˈsɛsfəl ɪn rɪˈteɪnɪŋ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɑrts əv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ dræft. wɪn ˈwɪlsən traɪd tɪ əˈmɛnd ɪt, ˈkərnəl haʊs wɔrnd ɪm əˈgɛnst ˈeɪliəˌneɪtɪŋ ˈsisəl ɛz hi "wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli mæn kəˈnɛktɪd wɪθ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt hu ˈrɪli hæd ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz æt ˈsisəl wɑz ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd ɪn lɔɪd ˈʤɔrʤɪz læk əv ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm fər ðə lig ənd rɪˈpitɪdli θˈrɛtənd ˌrɛzɪgˈneɪʃən du tɪ səm əv lɔɪd ˈʤɔrʤɪz ˈsisəl wɑz ˈgreɪtli kənˈsərnd æt rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə lig ənd sɔt tɪ kənˈsid səm əv ˈwɪlsənz dɪˈmændz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ sɪˈkjʊr əˈmɛrɪkən əkˈsɛptəns əv ðə lig. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludɪd prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðə mənˈroʊ ˈdɔktərɪn ɪn ðə ɔn 21 ˈeɪprəl ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɛmpaɪər ˌdɛləˈgeɪʃən mɛt ˈsisəl; hi əˈʃʊrd ðɛm ðət dəˈmɪnjən ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv ðə dræft ˈkəvənənt hæd bɪn kənˈsɪdərd ənd ðət ðə nu dræft əˈvɔɪdɪd "ðə ˌɪmˈprɛʃən ðət ə ˈsupər steɪt wɑz biɪŋ kriˈeɪtɪd". ðə kəˈneɪdiənz əˈbʤɛktəd ðət waɪl ðə rɪsk əv ˈkænədə biɪŋ ˌɪnˈveɪdɪd wɑz ənˈlaɪkli, ˌɪnˈveɪʒənz əˈkərɪŋ ɪn fræns ər ðə ˈbɔlkənz wər məʧ ˈgreɪtər ənd ðət ðiz əˈnikwəl rɪsks hæd nɑt bɪn ˈteɪkən ˈɪntu kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðə lig ˈloʊdɪd ˈkænədə wɪθ mɔr ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪtiz ðən ʃi hæd baɪ biɪŋ ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈɛmpaɪər. ˈsisəl ˈɑrgjud ðət ðə ˈkaʊnsəl əv ðə lig wʊd dɪˈtərmən wɪn ðɪs ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən wʊd bi fʊlˈfɪld ənd ðət, ɛz ɪt kʊd ˈoʊnli ˌdɪˈsaɪd baɪ ˌjunəˈnɪmɪti, ə kəˈneɪdiən ˈdɛləˌgeɪt kʊd ˈɑbʤɛkt ənd ðət wʊd bi ðə ɛnd əv ðə ðə hɪˈstɔriən ʤɔrʤ ˈɛgərtən ɪn hɪz ˈhɪstəri əv ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ðə lig kleɪmd ðət ˈsisəl "mɔr ðən ˈɛniˌwən ɛls, dɪˈzərvd ˈkrɛdɪt fər ðə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ðə ˈsɛkənd feɪz əv ðə wərk əv ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz ˈæftər ðə ˈtriti əv vɛrˈseɪlz wɑz fərst pərˈzɛnəd tɪ ˈʤərməni, ˈsisəl ˈɑrgjud ˈstrɔŋli ðət ɪt ʃʊd bi meɪd lɛs hɑrʃ ɔn ˈʤərməni ənd ðət ˈʤərməni ʃʊd bi əˈlaʊd tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə lig. ˈsisəl lɛft ˈpɛrɪs ɔn 9 ʤun, hɪz hoʊps əv ə riˈvɪʒən əv ðə ˈtriti lig əv ˈneɪʃənz ˈjunjən ˈɛdət ɪnˈkərəʤ hoʊm ˈɪndəstriz. lɔrd ˈrɑbərt ˈsisəl. "aɪ trəst ðət ˈæftər ɔl wi meɪ sɪˈkjʊr æt list jʊr kˈwɑləˌfaɪd səˈpɔrt fər ɑr lig əv ˈneɪʃənz?" u.s.a*. president-elect*: "waɪ, wəts ðə ˈmætər wɪθ ɑrz?" kɑrˈtun frəm pənʧ ˈmægəˌzin, 10 noʊˈvɛmbər 1920 dɪˈpɪktɪŋ ˈsisəl ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪŋ ə dɪˈzaɪn fər ðə "aɪ trəst ðət ˈæftər ɔl wi meɪ sɪˈkjʊr æt list jʊr kˈwɑləˌfaɪd səˈpɔrt fər ɑr lig əv ˈneɪʃənz?": "waɪ, wəts ðə ˈmætər wɪθ frəm, 10 noʊˈvɛmbər 1920 dɪˈpɪktɪŋ ˈsisəl ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪŋ ə dɪˈzaɪn fər ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz tɪ ˈwɔrən ʤi. ˈhɑrdɪŋ əˈpɑn rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ˈbrɪtən, ˈsisəl ˈigərli plænd ðə ækˈtɪvɪtiz əv ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz ˈjunjən. ˈsisəlz ˈpəblɪk laɪf frəm naʊ ɔn wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈtoʊtəli dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ðə lig; hi wɑz ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈjunjən frəm 1923 tɪ 1945 hi ʧɛrd ə ˌrikənˈstrəkʃən kəˈmɪti əv ðə ˈjunjən ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1919 hɪz ˈpraɪˌmɛri eɪm tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ðə ˈjunjən bɪlt ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈlɑbi ɪn ˈbrɪtən tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt pʊt ðə lig æt ðə ˈsɛntər əv ɪts ˈfɔrən ˈsisəl ˈɔlsoʊ sɔt tɪ ˈbrɔdən ðə ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp əv ðə ˈjunjən, wɪʧ hæd ˈhɪˌðərˈtu ˈlɑrʤli kənˈsɪstɪd əv ˈlɪˌbərəlz, baɪ səˈlɪsətɪŋ ðə səˈpɔrt əv kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ˈsisəl wɑz ən esperantist*, ənd, ɪn 1921 hi prəˈpoʊzd ðət ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz əˈdɑpt ˌɛspərˈæntoʊ ɛz səˈluʃən tɪ ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ frəm 1920 ənˈtɪl 1922 hi ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ðə dəˈmɪnjən əv saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ ɪn ðə lig əˈsɛmbli; ɪn 1923 hi meɪd ə tʊr əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðə lig tɪ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɔdiənsəz. hi bɪˈlivd ðət "ðə wɔr ha[d*] ˈʃætərd ðə prɛˈstiʒ əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈgəvərnɪŋ ˈklæsɪz" ənd ðət ðɛr ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns hæd kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˈvækjum ðət ˈnidɪd tɪ bi fɪld ɪf dɪˈzæstər wɑz tɪ bi əˈvərtəd. ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri səˈluʃən tɪ ðɪs wɑz ðə kənˈstrəkʃən əv ə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈɔrdər ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˌmɔˈræləˌti, wɪθ ə məˈʃinəri əv ˈligəl kənˌsɪliˈeɪʃən baɪ wɪʧ ənd ˈʃoʊvəˌnɪzəm" wʊd bi dɪˈstrɔɪd. ðə ˈtriti əv vɛrˈseɪlz hæd feɪld tɪ kriˈeɪt hɪz bɪˈlif ɪn fri treɪd ənd ðə lig wər pɑrt əv hɪz ˈvɪʒən əv ə wərld wɛr treɪd, ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl wɛnt təˈgɛðər, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl əˌʤudəˈkeɪʃən ənd mˈjuʧuəl ˌgɛrənˈtiz əv pis. ðə lig wɑz nɑt ʤɪst ə səˈluʃən tɪ wɔr bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˌgɛrənˈtid ðət wʊd bi prɪˈzərvd wɪˈθɪn iʧ ˈmɛmbər steɪt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪn ˈbrɪtən wɛr "ðə lig pɔɪnt əv vju [ræn] θru ɔl ˈpɑləˌtɪks ˈaɪərlənd, ˈɪndəstri, ˈivɪn economy...[involving*] ə nu weɪ əv ˈlʊkɪŋ æt θɪŋz pəˈlɪtɪkəl ər ˈrəðər ə rɪˈvərʒən" tɪ vɪkˈtɔriən ˈvɪskaʊnt (ˈfɔrmərli sər ˈɛdwərd) greɪ. ˈsisəl wɪʃt tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs lɔɪd ʤɔrʤ ɛz praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər wɪθ greɪ, hum hi ˈgreɪtli ədˈmaɪərd ˈpɑsəbəl ˈpɑrti riəˈlaɪnmənt ˈɛdət ˈsisəl rɪˈgɑrdɪd "klæs wɔr, ˈwɛðər ðə klæs əˈtækt bi ˈlænˌdoʊnərz ər ˈleɪbər, [ɛz] ðə moʊst ˌɪnˈsɪˌdiəs fɔrm əv ˈnæʃənəl frəm 1920 ˈɑnwərdz ˈsisəl ˈwɔntɪd tɪ brɪŋ daʊn lɔɪd ʤɔrʤ ənd hɪz ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈgəvərnmənt baɪ ˈfɔrmɪŋ ə prəˈgrɛsɪv əˈlaɪəns bɪtˈwin ənd hi hæd bɪn ən ˈɛnəmi əv lɔɪd ʤɔrʤ fər ˈlɔŋgər ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈmeɪʤər hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ kriˈeɪt ən ˈsɛntər ˈpɑrti lɛd baɪ ˈfɔrmər ˈfɔrən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈvɪskaʊnt greɪ, rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ɪm ɛz ðə ɛmˈbɑdimənt əv "ˈʤəstɪs" wɪʧ hæd bɪn ˈbrɪtənz "ˈgreɪtəst ˈnæʃənəl ˈfɔrən ðə læst tu ðɪs ˈpɑrti wʊd nɑt bi klæs ənd wʊd ˌɪnˈklud "ðə bɛst əv ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ənd ˈleɪbər ˈpipəl" ənd "səm əv ðə oʊld hi səˈpɔrtɪd ˈæskwɪθ ɪn ðə ˈpeɪzli əv ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1920 ənd ˈwɔntɪd ən ɪˈlɛktərəl əˈgrimənt bɪtˈwin ˈleɪbər ənd ɪn mɪd ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1920 ˈsisəl wɑz stɪl kin fər ə riəˈlaɪnmənt ˈəndər greɪ, hu wɑz ˈkinər ɔn ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz ðən ˈæskwɪθ, hum ˈsisəl θɔt stɪl ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ɪn ðə ˈkəntri bət noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə wɪθ hɪz ˈbrəðər ju ˈsisəl hi rɪˈzaɪnd ðə kənˈsərvətɪv wɪp ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri ɪn 1921 ˈsisəl əˈbændənd hɪz əˈtɛmpt tɪ fɔrm ə ˈsɛntər ˈpɑrti bət stɪl ˈwɔntɪd greɪ tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈæktɪv tɔks bɪtˈwin greɪ ənd ˈsisəl bɪˈgæn ɪn ʤun ə ˈwaɪdər ˈmitɪŋ (ˈsisəl, ˈæskwɪθ, greɪ ənd ˈlidɪŋ ˈlɪˌbərəlz lɔrd kru, ənd sər ˈdɑnəld məˈkleɪn) wɑz hɛld ɔn 5 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1921 ˈsisəl ˈwɔntɪd ə ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈrəðər ðən ə də ˈfæktoʊ ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈgəvərnmənt, wɪθ greɪ ˈrəðər ðən ˈæskwɪθ ɛz praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər, ənd ə ˈfɔrməl ˌmænɪˈfɛˌstoʊ baɪ hɪmˈsɛlf ənd greɪ wɪʧ ˈæskwɪθ ənd kru wʊd ðɛn ɛnˈdɔrs ɛz ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈlidərz. əˈnəðər kənˈsərvətɪv, sər ˈɑrθər steel-maitland*, ˈleɪtər ʤɔɪnd ɪn ðə tɔks, ənd hɪz vjuz wər ˈsɪmələr tɪ ˈsisəlz, bət məˈkleɪn, ənd kru wər ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ ˈsisəl roʊt ə ˈpəblɪk ˈlɛtər tɪ hɪz kənˈstɪʧuənsi əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əˈtækɪŋ ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən greɪ hɪmˈsɛlf wɑz nɑt kin ənd hɪz ˈfeɪlɪŋ ˈaɪˌsaɪt wʊd hæv bɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈhændiˌkæp tɪ hɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər. hi dɪd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, meɪk ə muv baɪ ˈspikɪŋ ɪn hɪz ˈfɔrmər kənˈstɪʧuənsi ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 1921 tɪ ˈlɪtəl ˈæftər greɪz spiʧ ˈsisəl ˈpəblɪʃt ə ˈsɛkənd ˈlɛtər wɪʧ hi əˈnaʊnst hi wʊd wɪθ ə greɪ ˈgəvərnmənt. ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər wɪn ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən lʊkt ˈlaɪkli tɪ kɔz ðə fɔl əv ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən, ˈsisəl roʊt tɪ ðə kɪŋ ˈərʤɪŋ ɪm tɪ əˈpɔɪnt greɪ ɛz praɪm ɪn ˈeɪprəl 1922 ɪn əˈnəðər kənˈstɪʧuənsi ˈlɛtər hi ˈdɪstənst hɪmˈsɛlf frəm ˈəðər kənˈsərvətɪvz baɪ ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ ɔn ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv nɑt biɪŋ riˈækʃəˌnɛri ənd ɪn meɪ hi kleɪmd ðət ðə ˈdɑmənənt fɔrs wɪˈθɪn ðə kənˈsərvətɪvz wər ə grup əv mɛn hu ˈoʊnli kɛrd fər "ðə ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən əv ɪts ˈprɑpərti". hi əˈgɛn əˈnaʊnst hɪz ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ sərv ˈəndər greɪ ɪn ə ˈgəvərnmənt beɪst ɔn ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ənd səˈpɔrt fər ðə lig. ˌhaʊˈɛvər ˈsisəl bɪˈkeɪm ˌdɪsɪˈluʒənd wɪθ ðə ˈlɪˌbərəlz' ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˌrikənˈstrəktɪŋ ðə ˈpɑrti ˈsɪstəm; hi dɪˈklaɪnd ən ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˈlɪˌbərəlz soʊ lɔŋ ɛz ˈæskwɪθ rɪˈmeɪnd ˈlidər ˈrəðər ðən greɪ. wɪθ ðə fɔl əv ðə lɔɪd ʤɔrʤ ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər ənd ðə əˈpɔɪntmənt əv ˈboʊnər lɔ ɛz kənˈsərvətɪv praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər, ˈsisəl plɛʤd tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə nu ˈgəvərnmənt, ðoʊ hi wɑz nɑt ˈɔfərd ə trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈtɔri ɪn ə ˈmɑdərˌnaɪzɪŋ wərld ˈɛdət ɪn ˈbɔldwənz kənˈsərvətɪv ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃənz əv 1923 tɪ 1924 ənd 1924 tɪ 1927 hi wɑz ðə ˈmɪnɪstər riˈspɑnsəbəl, ˈəndər ðə ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən əv ðə ˈfɔrən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri, fər ˈbrɪtɪʃ ækˈtɪvɪtiz ɪn lig əˈfɛrz. ɔn 28 meɪ 1923 ˈsisəl rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðə ˈkæbənət ɛz lɔrd ˈprɪvi ə pəˈzɪʃən hɛld baɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɛmbərz əv hɪz ˈsisəl roʊt tɪ ˈbɔldwən ɔn 29 ɑkˈtoʊbər 1923 ˈɔfərɪŋ hɪz səˈpɔrt ɔn ˈtɛrəf rɪˈfɔrm ɪf ˈbɔldwən wʊd əˈdɑpt ə ˈvɪgərəs ˈpɑləsi ɪn rɪˈtərn. hi ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ˈbrɪtənz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈprɑbləmz kʊd nɑt bi sɑlvd baɪ ˈtɛrəfs, ˈrəðər baɪ ˈsɑlvɪŋ ðə kəˈlæps əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkrɛdɪt, wɔr dɛts ənd "ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl səˈspɪʃən"; ənd wɪθˈdrɔɪŋ səˈpɔrt frəm ɔl ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz ɪkˈsɛpt ðə bɪˈkəz əv hɪz dɪsəˈgrimənt wɪθ ðə kənˈsərvətɪvz' ˈpɑləsi əv ˈtɛrəfs, ˈsisəl dɪd nɑt stænd ɪn ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən əv dɪˈsɛmbər 1923 ˈæftər ðə kənˈsərvətɪvz lɔst ðɛr məˈʤɔrəti, hi wɑz reɪzd tɪ ðə ˈpɪrəʤ ɛz ˈvɪskaʊnt ˈsisəl əv, əv ist ˈgrɪnˌstɛd ɪn ðə ˈkaʊnti əv ˈsəsɪks, ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər hi rɪˈmeɪnd lɔrd ˈprɪvi sil ənˈtɪl 22 ˈfɛbruˌɛri wɪn ˈræmˌseɪ məkˈdɑnəldz məˈnɔrəti ˈleɪbər ˈgəvərnmənt tʊk ˈɔfəs, məkˈdɑnəld əˈpɑləˌʤaɪzd tɪ ˈsisəl fər nɑt rɪˈteɪnɪŋ ɪm ɛz ðə ˈgəvərnmənts lig bət æt ðə ˈpɪriəd wɑz rɪˈwɔrdɪd baɪ biɪŋ æst tɪ bi ˈrɛktər əv ˈæbərˌdin ˌjunəˈvərsəti, wɪn ðeɪ ˈgrænɪd ɪm ən ˈɑnərˌɛri ˈdɑktərət əv ðə kənˈsərvətɪvz rɪˈtərnd tɪ paʊər æt ðə ɑkˈtoʊbər 1924 ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ənd ˈsisəl wɑz æst baɪ ˈstænli ˈbɔldwən tɪ bi ˈʧænsələr əv ðə ˈdəʧi əv hi lɛd ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˌdɛləˈgeɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈoʊpiəm ˈkɑnfərəns æt ʤəˈnivə ɪn 1925 ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈneɪvəl ˈkɑnfərəns əv 1927 ɪn ʤəˈnivə, nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz broʊk daʊn ˈæftər ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts rɪfˈjuzd tɪ əˈgri tɪ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət ˈbrɪtən ˈnidɪd ə ˈmɪnəməm əv ˈsɛvənti ˈkruzərz tɪ ˈædəkwɪtli dɪˈfɛnd ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɛmpaɪər, ɪts treɪd ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz. ˈkətɪŋ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈkruzərz frəm ˈsɛvənti tɪ ˈfɪfti wɑz prəˈpoʊzd baɪ ðə əˈmɛrɪkənz ɪn rɪˈtərn fər kənˈsɛʃənz ˈoʊvər ðɛr saɪz ənd ðə əv ðɛr gənz. ˈsisəl, ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˌdɛləˈgeɪʃən, rɪˈzaɪnd frəm ðə ˈkæbənət bɪˈkəz ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt lɛt ðə ˈkɑnfərəns breɪk daʊn ˈrəðər ðən rɪˈdus ðə ˈnəmbər əv rɔɪəl ˈneɪvi ˈkruzərz. ˈsisəl wɑz ˈvɛri kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈprɑbləmz ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈdeɪnʤərz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə groʊθ ɪn ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti əv ðə ˈmoʊtər kɑr. ɪn 1929 ˈsisəl ækˈsɛptɪd ðə poʊst əv ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈnuli fɔrmd pəˈdɛstriənz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən hu wər tɪ kæmˈpeɪn səkˈsɛsfəli tɪ ˌɪntrəˈdus ˈmɛni nu ˈmɛʒərz tɪ ˈbɛnəfɪt ˌɔlˈðoʊ ən əˈfɪʃəl ˈdɛləˌgeɪt tɪ ðə lig ɛz leɪt ɛz 1932 ˈsisəl wərkt ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli tɪ ˈpəblɪk əˈpɪnjən ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ðə lig. hi wɑz ʤɔɪnt ˈfaʊndər ənd ˈprɛzɪdənt, wɪθ ə frɛnʧ ˈʤʊrɪst, əv ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl pis kæmˈpeɪn, noʊn ɪn fræns ɛz pɔr lɑ paix*. əˈməŋ hɪz ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˈpɪriəd wər ðə weɪ əv pis 1928 ə kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈlɛkʧərz ɔn ðə lig; ə greɪt ɪkˈspɛrəmənt 1941 ə əˈkaʊnt əv hɪz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz; ənd ɔl ðə weɪ 1949 ə mɔr kəmˈplit ˌɔtəbaɪˈɑgrəfi. ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv mænˈʧʊriə, wɪʧ bɪˈgæn ɪn 1931 wɑz ə ˈfleɪgrənt briʧ əv ðə ˈkəvənənt əv ðə lig əv ðə ʤəˈnivə dɪˈsɑrməmənt ˈkɑnfərəns bɪˈgæn ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1932 ənd du tɪ dɪˈsɑrməmənt ˈbrɪtən wɑz ˈpaʊərləs tɪ stɑp ˌʤæpəˈniz əˈgrɛʃən. ˈbɔldwən toʊld ˈtɑməs ʤoʊnz ɔn 27 ˈfɛbruˌɛri ðət "ðə ˈvɛri ˈpipəl laɪk bɑb ˈsisəl hu hæv meɪd ˈjuˈɛs dɪˈsɑrm, ənd kwaɪt raɪt tu, ər naʊ ˈərʤɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˈfɔrwərd tɪ teɪk ˈækʃən. bət wɛr wɪl ˈækʃən teɪk ˈjuˈɛs? ...ɪf ju ɛnˈfɔrs ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈbɔɪˌkɑt ju wɪl hæv wɔr dɪˈklɛrd baɪ ʤəˈpæn ənd ʃi wɪl siz ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr ənd hɔŋ kɔŋg ənd wi ˈkænɑt, ɛz wi ər pleɪst, stɑp ˈsisəl roʊt tɪ ˈbɔldwən ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ ðət hi faʊnd hɪmˈsɛlf "mɔr ənd mɔr aʊt əv ˈsɪmpəθi wɪθ ˈmɑdərn kənˈsərvəˌtɪzəm" ənd hi kənˈsɪdərd ðə ˈgəvərnmənts dɪˈsɑrməmənt prəˈpoʊzəlz meɪd æt ʤəˈnivə "kwaɪt ɪn mɑrʧ 1933 hi kəmˈpleɪnd tɪ ˈbɔldwən ðət ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl ædˈvaɪzərz, əˈspɛʃəli ˈbrɪtɪʃ wənz, hæd ˈsæbəˌtɑʒd ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv əˈbɑlɪʃɪŋ ˈɛrˌkræft ənd əv ˈbɑmɪŋ, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli frəm ðoʊz hu ˈwɔntɪd tɪ rɪˈteɪn ɪt fər ˈɛriəz səʧ ɛz ðə frənˈtɪr əv ˈsisəlz ɪkˈspɪriəns æt ðə ʤəˈnivə dɪˈsɑrməmənt ˈkɑnfərəns kənˈvɪnst ɪm ðət ðə lig wɑz biɪŋ baɪ "hankeyism*", ðə ˈdɔktərɪn ðət ðə ˈbæləns əv paʊər ənd ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪntərɪsts əv ˈkəntriz wər ðə ˈoʊnli ˈbeɪsɪs əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl riˈleɪʃənz, neɪmd ˈæftər ðə ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri tɪ ðə kəˈmɪti əv ˌɪmˈpɪriəl dɪˈfɛns sər ˈmɑrɪs hi ədˈmaɪərd ˈænθɔˌni ˈidən, lɔrd ˈhælɪˌfæks ənd ˈbɔldwən bət rɪˈgɑrdɪd məkˈdɑnəld ɛz ən ˈɛnəmi əv ðə lig ənd dɪsˈlaɪkt lɔrd ˈləndənˌdɛri, lɔrd ənd sər ʤɑn ˈsaɪmən ɛz "ðə wərst ˈfɔrən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri sɪns ˈdərbi ɪn ˈsisəl ənd ðə ˈpɑləsi əv əˈpizmənt ˈɛdət ˈæftər ˈeɪdɑlf ˈhɪtlər bɪˈkeɪm ˈʧænsələr əv ˈʤərməni ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1933 ˈsisəl wɑz stɪl ˈhoʊpfəl əv ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn dɪˈsɑrməmənt. hi "ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˌæbəˈlɪʃən əv ˈneɪvəl ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɛrˌkræft, pləs ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl" ˈsɪvəl ɛr fɔrs əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈʤərmən ɪkˈwɑləti ɪn ˈɛrˌkræft. ˈleɪtər stɪl ɪn 1933 hi ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd "ðə ˌæbəˈlɪʃən əv əˈgrɛsɪv ɑrmz" ɛz "ðə paʊər əv ðə dɪˈfɛnsɪv" wʊd min ðət "fræns ənd ðə sˈmɔlər ˈkəntriz wʊd bi ˈseɪfər ˈɛni ˈəðər ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər, ə mənθ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈʤərmənz lɛft ðə ˈkɑnfərəns, ˈsisəl sɛd ɪn ə ˈbrɔdˌkæst ðət ðə "rulz ˈgəvərnɪŋ [ˈʤərmən] dɪˈsɑrməmənt" ʃʊd bi "ðə seɪm ɪn ˈprɪnsəpəl ɛz ðoʊz ˈgəvərnɪŋ ðə ˈɑrməmənts əv ˈɛni ˈəðər paʊər" ənd ɪn ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈgɪlbərt ˈməri hi sɛd "ˈgoʊbəlz [hæd] meɪd ˈrəðər ə ˌɪmˈprɛʃən æt ʤəˈnivə ənd [wɑz] sɛd tɪ bi kwaɪt plizd wɪθ ðə lig". hi dɪˈplɔrd ðə ˈnɑtsiz ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈpɑləsi, ɪn ˈeɪprəl 1934 ˈsisəl roʊt tɪ ˈfɪlɪp ðət ˈbɔldwən hæd toʊld ɪm ðət ən əˈtɛmpt baɪ ˈhæŋki tɪ faɪnd ə ˈpræktɪkəl weɪ əv ˈsɪvəl ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən hæd feɪld, tɪ wɪʧ ˈsisəl rɪˈplaɪd ðət hi "dɪd nɑt θɪŋk ˈhæŋki wɑz ə ˈvɛri gʊd ædˈvaɪzər ɔn səʧ kˈwɛsʧənz ɛz hi ˌdɪsəˈpruvd əv pis ənd ˈhæŋki hæd bɪn ən ˈərli ˈkrɪtɪk əv ðə ˌfizəˈbɪləti əv ə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz: ɪn 1919 hi kəmˈpleɪnd ðət ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ɔn ðə lig kəˈmɪʃən, ˈsisəl ənd smuts*, wər aɪˈdiəˌlɪsts; ˈsisəl wɑz "nɑt ˈvɛri ˈpræktɪkəl ɔn ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr kˈwɛʃən. aɪ æm əˈfreɪd ðɛr skim wɪl pruv ənˈwərkəbəl fər tu ˈrizənz, fərst, ðət ɪt əˈtɛmpts tu məʧ, ənd ˈsɛkənd, ðət nɑt ɪˈnəf əˈtɛnʃən ɪz ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðə ɪn 1923 hi roʊt ðət ˈsisəl wɑz ə ɪn 1934 ˈsisəl ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt fər ðə mɪst ˌɑpərˈtunəti əv ˈgeɪnɪŋ frɛnʧ æt ðə ˈkɑnfərəns ˈæftər ðə ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈvɪktəri əv ðə frɛnʧ ɪn ˈɔgəst hi roʊt tɪ ˈməri ðət bɪˈkəz ˈbɔldwən hæd kˈwoʊtɪd ðə ɛf. ɛs. ˈɑlɪvər" ɪn dɪˈklɛrɪŋ ðət ˈbrɪtənz ril frənˈtɪr wɑz ɔn ðə raɪn, hi wɑz ˈvɛri fɑr frəm ə lig freɪm əv maɪnd ənd ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt "ɔt tɪ goʊ" ɪn spaɪt əv "ðə ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl nɑˈnɛntəti əv ðə ˈleɪbər hi dɪˈnaʊnst ðə ˈwərldˈwaɪd sprɛd əv ˈnæʃənəˌlɪzəm ənd ðə ˈaʊtˌbreɪk əv ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃəˌnɪzəm ɪn ˈbrɪtən, ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðət ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən wɑz ə "ˈprɪnsəpəl əv ˈænərˌki" ənd ðət ɪn ˈmɑdərn kənˈdɪʃənz ˈkəntriz kʊd "noʊ mɔr lɪv əˈloʊn ðən ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn ˈsisəlz vju wɑz soʊ ðət hi ʃʊd ˈsɛvər hɪz kəˈnɛkʃənz wɪθ ðə kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈfeɪvər riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ðə frənt əv 1935 bɪtˈwin ˈbrɪtən, fræns ənd ˈɪtəli rɪˈsivd ˈsisəlz ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm bɪˈkəz ɪt əˈpɪrd tɪ bi ən əˈlaɪəns ɪn wɪʧ ˈʤərməni wɑz ɪkˈskludɪd ənd kənˈdoʊnd ðɛr ˈfeɪljər tɪ dɪˈsɑrm. ˈsisəl roʊt tɪ ˈbɔldwən, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət ˈhɪtlər ʃʊd bi ˈgɪvɪn ə ʧæns tɪ saɪn ə dɪˈsɑrməmənt ˈtriti, ðoʊ hi ˈdaʊtɪd ˈwɛðər ðɪs wʊd bi ˈifɛktɪv bɪˈkəz ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðət ˈhɪtlər hæd ˈhɪˌðərˈtu dən, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈprəʃən ˈpræktɪs əv ðə læst tu ˈsɛnʧəriz, səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ɪt wʊd feɪl. bət ˈæftər ɪts ˈlaɪkli ˈfeɪljər, ðə lig wʊd hæv ˈrizən fər ˈkɑntəmˌpleɪtɪŋ ðə "ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈmɛʒərz wɪʧ maɪt bi əˈplaɪd tɪ ə steɪt ɛnˈdeɪnʤərɪŋ pis baɪ ˌjunəˈlætərəl rɪˌpjudiˈeɪʃən əv ɪts ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪn ʤun 1935 ˈsisəl bɪˈlivd ðət ə "kəˈlɛktɪv θrɛt frəm ðə lig ər ə briʧ əv ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈfrɛndʃɪp" wʊd prɪˈvɛnt ðə ˌɪˈtæljən ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv æbˈsɪˌniə əv ðə əˈtɛmpt tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ɪt baɪ ˈsidɪŋ ə pɑrt əv ˈbrɪtɪʃ səˈmɑliˌlænd tɪ ˈɪtəli mɛt wɪθ ˈsisəlz ˈleɪtər ðət jɪr ˈsisəl juzd ðə ˈjunjən tɪ ˈprɛʃər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɪntu lig ˈækʃən əˈgɛnst ˈɪtəli. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ɔɪl ˈsæŋkʃənz ənd ðə ˈkloʊʒər əv ðə ˈsuɛz kəˈnæl (ˈivɪn ɪf ðɪs briʧt ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl lɔ). hi bɪˈkeɪm ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli təˈwɔrdz ˈætəˌtud tɪ ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi ənd ɪn ˈɔgəst hi ˈkɑntəmˌpleɪtɪd ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ɪt. æt ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən hɛld ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər, hi ðə ˈjunjənz ˈpɑləsi əv ædˈvaɪzɪŋ ɪˈlɛktərz tɪ voʊt fər ðə ˈkænədɪt moʊst ˈlaɪkli tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ðə pækt əv dɪˈsɛmbər mɛt wɪθ ˈsisəlz dɪsəˈpruvəl bɪˈkəz ɪt wʊd min ðət "ɛz bɪtˈwin ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz ənd ˌmusoʊˈlini, ˌmusoʊˈlini ha[d*] wən" ənd ðət hɔr hæd sɛt bæk ðə ˈoʊnli hoʊp əv ʃoʊɪŋ ðət əˈgrɛʃən dɪd nɑt ˈsisəl bɪˈlivd ðət ˈfrænsɪz səˈspɪʃən əv ˈʤərməni wɑz ðə meɪn kɔz əv ðə pækt ənd ðət ˈbrɪtən ʃʊd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈbɑrgɪn wɪθ fræns ˈpɑsəbəl ˈbrɪtɪʃ əˈgɛnst ˈʤərməni ɪn rɪˈtərn fər frɛnʧ əˈgɛnst 1935 sɔ ðə haɪəst ˈɪnfluəns ðət ˈsisəl ənd ðə ˈjunjən hæd ˈɛvər pəˈzɛst. ðɛˈræftər boʊθ wɛnt ˈɪntu ʃɑrp ðə əv ðə ˈraɪnˌlænd ɪn mɑrʧ 1936 wɑz tɪ ˈsisəl ðə "moʊst ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈkraɪsəs sɪns 1914 bət ɪt kʊd nɑt bi riˈzɑlvd baɪ "ˈlɛtɪŋ ɔf ˈɪtəli" sɪns "ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti əv fræns, əv ˈrəʃə ənd ˌɪnˈdid əv ˈɛvəri ˈkəntri ɪn ˈjʊrəp wʊd naʊ bi ˈgreɪtər hæd ðə lig ɔˈrɛdi pruvd baɪ ɪts dɪˈfit əv ˌɪˈtæljən əˈgrɛʃən ðət ðə kəmˈjunɪti ɛz ə hoʊl kʊd ˈstaɪfəl ɪn ˈeɪprəl ˈsisəl bɪˈlivd ðət ɛz ˈɪtəli hæd tɪ səbˈdu æbˈsɪˌniə kˈwɪkli, ˈbrɪtən ɔt tɪ ˈfeɪvər nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈsæŋkʃənz bət ˌɪnˈkrist ˈsæŋkʃənz əˈgɛnst ˈɪtəli. wɪn æbˈsɪˌniən rɪˈzɪstəns kəˈlæpst ɪn meɪ, ˈɪtəli ʃʊd hæv bɪn ɪkˈspɛld frəm ðə lig ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðət "ən ˈifɛktɪv ˈsɪstəm əv kəˈlɛktɪv sɪˈkjʊrəti" wɑz ˈpɑsəbəl. ˈəðərˌwaɪz ɪt wʊd bɪˈkəm ˈɑbviəs ðət ðə lig wɑz ə "ˈfeɪljər", ðət ðə ˈjunjən wɑz "ˈbæŋkrəpt" ənd ðət kəˈlɛktɪv sɪˈkjʊrəti wɑz ə ˈsisəl traɪd tɪ prɪˈvɛnt kənˈsərvətɪv wɪθˈdrɔəl frəm ðə ˈjunjən baɪ prɪˈzɛntɪŋ ðə lig ɛz "ən ˈɔlˌmoʊst aɪˈdil məˈʃinəri" fər ðə "ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən əv ðə ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðə ˈjunjən ˈfərðər swəŋ tɪ ðə lɛft ənd rɪˈsivd kəmˈpleɪnts frəm ˈnɛvɪl ˈʧeɪmbərlɪn ənd kənˈsərvətɪv ˈsɛntrəl ˈɔfəs əˈbaʊt ðə toʊn əv ˈjunjən ɪn meɪ 1938 ˈsisəl kəmˈpleɪnd ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæd "əˈlaʊd ðə lig tɪ dɪˈsɪntəˌgreɪt" ənd ɪn ˈɔgəst ðət ðɛr "æmbəˈgjuətiz ənd timidities*" wər ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ˈhɪtlər ˌəndərˈstʊd ðət ˈfərðər əˈgrɛʃən wʊd bi ə briʧ əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪn meɪ 1938 hi sɛd ɪn ə ˈlɛtər ðət ˈʤərmən dɪˈploʊməsi hæd ˈnɛvər ɪn ˈhɪstəri bɪn ˈfaʊndɪd ɔn ˈɑnəst ˈdilɪŋ: "ðə ˈʤərmənz ˈrɪli kənˈsiv əv ðɛr ˈkəntri ɛz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈəndər wɔr kənˈdɪʃənz ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspɛkt. noʊ wən ɪkˈspɛkts ə bəˈlɪʤərənt tɪ tɛl ðə truθ ənd, tɪ ðə ˈʤərmən maɪnd, ðeɪ ər ˈɔlˌweɪz bəˈlɪʤərənt. ðə ˈʤərmənz teɪk ðə vju ðət wɔr ɪz ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪd ˈsisəl wɑz ə ˈkrɪtɪk əv ðə mˈjunɪk əˈgrimənt, wɛrˈbaɪ ðə lændz əv ˌʧɛkəsloʊˈvɑkiə wər ˈgrænɪd tɪ ˈnɑtsi ˈʤərməni. hi roʊt tɪ ðə ˈfɔrən ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri lɔrd ˈhælɪˌfæks ɔn 20 sɛpˈtɛmbər 1938 ðət hi "hæd nɑt fɛlt soʊ ˈbɪtərli ɔn ˈɛni ˈpəblɪk kˈwɛʃən sɪns ðə fɔl əv ˌkɑrˈtum" ɪn ðə ˈkɑndəkt əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæd kəmˈplitli ˈeɪliəˌneɪtɪd ˈsisəl frəm ðə ɪn hɪz ˈmɛmˌwɑrz ˈsisəl roʊt ðət ˈmɪsɪz beneš*š (waɪf əv ðə ʧɛk ˈprɛzɪdənt beneš*š) ˈtɛləˌfoʊnd ɪm ɔn bɪˈhæf əv hər ˈhəzbənd ənd æst fər ədˈvaɪs ɔn ðə ˈkraɪsəs: "aɪ fɛlt fɔrst tɪ rɪˈplaɪ ðət, məʧ ɛz aɪ ˈsɪmpəˌθaɪzd wɪθ hər ˈkəntri, aɪ kʊd nɑt ədˈvaɪz hər tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ˈɛni hɛlp frəm maɪn. ɪt wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli rɪˈplaɪ ðət kʊd bi meɪd, bət aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər fɛlt ə mɔr ˈmɪzərəbəl wərm ðən aɪ dɪd wɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt. tɪ mi ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðərz ðə trænˈzækʃən wɑz ɛz ˈʃeɪmfəl ɛz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪn ɑr hi ˈfərðər ləˈmɛntɪd ðət "ˈnəθɪŋ wɑz mɔr ˈpeɪnfəl ɪn ðə hoʊl əv ðən ðə ˈkɑnstənt θrɛts əv ðə ˈʤərmənz tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs baɪ ɑrmz ˈɛni əv ðɛr dɪˈmændz wɪʧ wər rɪˈzɪstɪd, θrɛts tɪ wɪʧ wi ˈɪnstəntli hi roʊt ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə ˈgɑrdiən dɪˈnaʊnsɪŋ mˈjunɪk: "bət səˈpoʊzɪŋ ðɛr ɪz ə ˈʤərmən ˌgɛrənˈti, əv wət ɪz ɪts ˈvælju? ɪt ɪz ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ əˈkjuz ˈʤərməni əv ˈpərfɪdi. nɑt ˈoʊnli ðə ˈnɑtsi ˈgəvərnmənt bət ɔl ˈpriviəs ˈʤərmən ˈgəvərnmənts frəm ðə taɪm əv ˈfrɛdərɪk ðə greɪt ˈdaʊnwərdz hæv meɪd ðɛr pəˈzɪʃən ˈpərfəktli klɪr. tɪ ðɛm ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl əˈʃʊrəns ɪz noʊ mɔr ðən ə ˈsteɪtmənt əv ˈprɛzənt ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən. ɪt həz noʊ ˈæbsəˌlut vəˈlɪdɪti fər ðə ˈæftər ðə ˈʤərmən ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˌʧɛkəsˈloʊvɑk steɪt ɪn mɑrʧ 1939 ˈsisəl əˈpoʊzd ˈidən ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt bɪˈkəz səʧ ə ˈstrɛŋθənɪŋ əv ˈʧeɪmbərlɪn wʊd bi ə dɪˈzæstər. hi hæd ə loʊ əˈpɪnjən əv ðə ˈleɪbər ˈpɑrti (ɪkˈsɛpt fər sər ˈstæfərd krɪps ənd), hum hi θɔt wər ˌdɑktrəˈnɛr ənd unpractical*. ɪn hɪz vju ˈætli wɑz "nɑt ə ˈlidər" ənd wʊd hæv tɪ bi riˈmuvd ɪf ˈleɪbər wɑz tɪ bi hi ˈwɔntɪd ə "ˈkloʊzər ˈjunjən bɪtˈwin ˌjʊrəˈpiən steɪts" əˈgɛnst "ˈnæʃənəˌlɪzəm" ɪn ðə ˈpoʊstˈwɔr ɪn ðə spərɪŋ əv 1946 hi pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈmitɪŋz əv ðə lig æt ʤəˈnivə, ˈɛndɪŋ hɪz spiʧ wɪθ ðə ˈsɛntəns: "ðə lig ɪz dɛd; lɔŋ lɪv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈleɪtər laɪf ˈɛdət hi lɪvd fər ˈθərˈtin mɔr jɪrz, ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli ˈɑkjəˌpaɪɪŋ hɪz pleɪs ɪn ðə haʊs əv lɔrdz, ənd səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɛfərts fər pis θru hɪz ˈɑnərˌɛri laɪf ˈprɛzɪdənsi əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən. ɪn hɪz læst spiʧ ɪn ðə haʊs əv lɔrdz ɔn 23 ˈeɪprəl 1953 ˈsisəl riˈɪtərˌeɪtɪd hɪz kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ wərld pis. hi ədˈmɪtəd ðət ɪt ɪz "ðə ˈɛsəns əv ˈnæʃənəl ˈsɑvrənti ðət ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈneɪʃənz ˈkænɑt bi kəmˈpɛld, ɪkˈsɛpt baɪ fɔrs əv ɑrmz, tɪ teɪk ˈækʃən əv wɪʧ ðɛr ˈgəvərnmənts ðət rɪˈmeɪnz tru, ˌwəˈtɛvər meɪ bi ðə tərmz əv ˈɛni ˈʤɛnərəl əˈgrimənt ðeɪ meɪ hæv meɪd. noʊ ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ər ˌɪnˈʤinjəs ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən wɪl ˈɔltər ðət fækt". hi ˈædɪd ðət ˈɛni plæn fər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl pis məst rɛst ɔn ˈkrɪsʧɪn ənd "wi ˈbrɪtɪʃ əˈspɛʃəli ˌɪnˈsɪst ðət ɪn ɑr oʊn ˈkəntri, frəm ðə deɪz əv kɪŋ ˈælfrɪd tɪ ðə ˈprɛzənt taɪm, ˈkrɪsʧɪn həz bɪn riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈɛvəri ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ənd ˈɛvəri ədˈvæns ðət həz bɪn meɪd". hi sɛd ðət ðət ˈsɪstəm hæd bɪn əˈtækt baɪ ˈrəʃən ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl məˈtɪriəˌlɪzəm, "ɪts ˈsɛntrəl ˈtɛnət ɪz ðət ðɛr ɪz noʊ səʧ θɪŋ ɛz ðə ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ˈneɪʧər əv mæn, ər, ɪf ðɛr ɪz, ɪt ʃʊd bi ˌɪgˈnɔrd ər stæmpt aʊt ɛz ˈspidəli ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl". ˌhaʊˈɛvər, "ɪf ju ˌɪgˈnɔr ər əˈbɑlɪʃ ðə ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ˈneɪʧər əv mæn, ju dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən ɔn wɪʧ rɛsts ɔl truθ, ˈʤəstɪs ənd ˈfridəm, ɪkˈsɛpt səʧ ɛz kən floʊ frəm ðə ləv əv ˈməni ər wət ˈməni kən baɪ". hi ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd riˈɑrməmənt tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ə ˈboʊlʃəˌvɪk əˈtæk ənd kleɪmd ðət "ˈkrɪsʧɪn ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ril ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪkəl məˈtɪriəˌlɪzəm". ənˈlɛs ðɛr wɑz ə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl əv məˈtɪriəˌlɪzəm, "aɪ du nɑt si haʊ wi kən hæv ˈɛni ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt sɪˈkjʊrəti fər staɪlz əv ˈæˌdrɛs ənd ˈɛdət lɔrd ˈsisəl əv, 1929 staɪlz əv ˈæˌdrɛs ˈɛdət ˈmɪstər ˈrɑbərt lɔrd ˈrɑbərt lɔrd ˈrɑbərt lɔrd ˈrɑbərt lɔrd ˈrɑbərt lɔrd ˈrɑbərt lɔrd ˈrɑbərt ðə hɑn lɔrd ˈrɑbərt lɔrd ˈrɑbərt 1923 ðə hɑn lɔrd ˈrɑbərt lɔrd ˈrɑbərt ðə hɑn ðə ˈvɪskaʊnt ˈsisəl əv ˈpiˈsi ðə ˈvɪskaʊnt ˈsisəl əv ˈpiˈsi ðə hɑn ðə ˈvɪskaʊnt ˈsisəl əv ˈpiˈsi ˈɛdət ˈsisəlz kərɪr brɔt ɪm ˈmɛni. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ hɪz ˈpɪrəʤ, hi wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd kəmˈpænjən əv ˈɑnər ɪn wɑz ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈʧænsələr əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈbərmɪŋˌhæm ənd ˈrɛktər əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈæbərˌdin hi wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ðə pis əˈwɔrd əv ðə ˈwʊˌdroʊ ˈwɪlsən faʊnˈdeɪʃən ɪn 1924 moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli, hi wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd ðə noʊˈbɛl pis praɪz ɪn 1937 hi wɑz pərˈzɛnəd wɪθ ˈɑnərˌɛri dɪˈgriz baɪ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz əv ˈɛdənbəroʊ, ˈɑksfərd, ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ, ˈmænˌʧɛstər, ˈlɪvərˌpul, ˈænˌdruz, ˈæbərˌdin, ˈprɪnstən, kəˈləmbiə, ənd ˈæθənz. ˈsisəl daɪd ɔn 24 noʊˈvɛmbər 1958 æt hɪz hoʊm æt geɪt, nɪr hi lɛft noʊ ɛrz ənd hɪz bɪˈkeɪm ɪkˈstɪŋkt. ˈlɛgəsi ˈɛdət lɔrd hoʊm peɪd ˈtrɪbjut tɪ ˈsisəl ɪn ðə haʊs əv lɔrdz tu deɪz ˈæftər hɪz dɛθ: hi wɑz wən əv ðə fərst ˈpipəl, pərˈhæps, ɪn ðə ˈmɑdərn fɔrˈsi ðə ˈæbsəˌlut nid fər ˈneɪʃənz tɪ mit raʊnd ðə ˈteɪbəl ɪn dɪˈskəʃən əv ðɛr ˈnæʃənəl əˈfɛrz ɪn ðə ˈɪntərɪsts əv pis. hi wɑz wən əv ðə ˈɑrkəˌtɛkts əv ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz. ənd jʊr wɪl ˈriˌkɔl ðə ənˈflægɪŋ ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm wɪθ wɪʧ hi pərˈsud ðə kɔz əv pis wɛˈrɛvər hi wɛnt. hɪz ˈvɪʒən əv ə wərld dɪˈsɑrmd, wɛr kənˌsɪliˈeɪʃən wʊd hoʊld ðə deɪ, wɑz taɪm ənd əˈgɛn sɪns hæv bɪn kənˈvɪnst əv ðə ˈraɪtnəs əv hɪz aɪˈdil, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə wərld həz nɑt pruvd ˌɪtˈsɛlf jɛt greɪt ɪˈnəf tɪ mæʧ hɪz greɪt kənˈsɛpʃən. ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz, wɪʧ wɑz ðə səkˈsɛsər əv ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz, ðɛr ɪz ˈmɛni ə ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈmɑnjəmənt tɪ lɔrd ˈsisəl. ˈmɛni əv ðə kəˈmɪtiz wɪʧ du greɪt wərk ɪn ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl fild wər ðə rɪˈzəlt əv hɪz kənˈsɛpʃən ənd ər ˈdeɪli drɔɪŋ ˈpipəl ˈkloʊzər ənd ˈkloʊzər təˈgɛðər ɪn ˌɪntərdəˈpɛndəns. aɪ, ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, bɪˈkəz maɪ ˈfɑðər wɑz ˈvɛri kin ənd wɪθ ɪm dɪd məʧ ɪn ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz fild, rɪˈmɛmbər lɔrd ˈrɑbərt ˈsisəl ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ steɪ æt hoʊm; ənd ˈmɛni ə taɪm æt ˈdɪnər, wɪn aɪ wɑz ə kəmˈpærətɪvˌli jəŋ mæn, aɪ wʊd wɔʧ ɪm, wɪθ hɪz lɔŋ ˈfɪgjər, slaɪd mɔr ənd mɔr ˈəndər ðə ˈteɪbəl, ənˈtɪl ˈoʊnli ðə dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt hɛd wɑz lɛft əˈbəv hɪz pleɪt, ənd hi wʊd tɛl ˈjuˈɛs əv ɔl hɪz plænz fər ðə fˈjuʧər pis əv ðə wərld. ˈɛvər sɪns ðɛn aɪ hæv fɛlt ðət soʊ lɔŋ ɛz hi wɑz əˈlaɪv ðɛr wɑz wən əˈməŋ ˈjuˈɛs hu, ˌhaʊˈɛvər ˈbɪtər ðə straɪf ənd ˌhaʊˈɛvər blaɪnd ðə wərld, ˈnɛvər dɪˈspɛrd əv ˈfaɪndɪŋ pis ɪn ɑr ˈvɪskaʊnt ˌælɪgˈzændər əv ˈhɪlzbəroʊ sɛd ðət ˈsisəl "ˌɪmˈprɛst mi baɪ hɪz kəmˈplit dɪˈvoʊʃən tɪ ðə kɔz wɪʧ ɔt tɪ bi, ɪf ɪt ɪz nɑt, ðə meɪn kɔz ɪn ɔl ɑr traɪ tɪ sɪˈkjʊr pis ənd tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ðə ˈbrəðərˌhʊd əv æm ʃʊr ðət ðə hoʊl ˈneɪʃən mɔrnz ðə lɔs əv ə greɪt ˈpəblɪk ˈfɪgjər, tɪ hum ənd tɪ huz wərk wi ər ɔl ˈgreɪtli ˈklɛmənt ˈætli ˈɔlsoʊ peɪd ˈtrɪbjut: "aɪ θɪŋk ðə hoʊl wərld həz lɔst ə ˈvɛri greɪt mæn ənd ə ˈvɛri greɪt frɛnd. wɛˈrɛvər ðə kɔz əv pis ɪz ˈmɛnʃənd, ðə neɪm əv lɔrd ˈsisəl wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz kəm əp, ənd ðə kəmˈplit dɪˈvoʊʃən ðət hi geɪv tɪ ðət kɔz fər soʊ ˈmɛni lɔrd sɛd əv ˈsisəl ðət hɪz "laɪf wɑz dɪˈvoʊtɪd nɑt tɪ sɛlf, nɑt tɪ hɪz oʊn ər səm ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ə ˈpərsɪnəl kaɪnd, bət tɪ ðə ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ əv hɪz ˈfɛloʊ ˈjumən biɪŋz ənd ðə gʊd ˈfɔrʧən əv ðɪs ˈkəntri ənd ðə hoʊl ˈsælvəˌdɔr də səmd əp ˈsisəlz ˈkɛrɪktər: ðə gɔnt, ˈstupɪŋ, ˈklɛrɪkəl ˈfɪgjər əv ˈrɑbərt ˈsisəl simd ˈɛvər drɔn ˈfɔrwərd baɪ ən ˈigər zɛst wɪʧ wən ˈfænsid ˈʃɑrpənd hɪz lɔŋ ˈpɔɪntɪd noʊz ənd flæʃt ɪn hɪz ˈpaʊərfəl aɪ (ˈoʊnli wən: ɪn ˈsisəl ðə ˈəðər aɪ dɪd nɑt ˈmætər). ðət krɔs ˈhæŋɪŋ frəm hɪz ˈpɑkət ˈwɪtnəst tɪ ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈbeɪsɪs əv hɪz pəˈlɪtɪkəl feɪθs; bət ðə ʃɑrp təŋ, ðə dɪˈtərmənd ʧɪn, ðə lɑrʤ, ˈpaʊərfəl hænd, ðə ɛr əv ə mæn juzd tɪ bi oʊˈbeɪd, praʊd təˈwɔrdz mɛn ɪf ˈhəmbəl ˌbiˈfɔr gɑd, dɪd səˈʤɛst ðət ɪn ðət tɔl ˈfɪgjər ˈstraɪdɪŋ wɪθ hɪz lɔŋ lɛgz ðə θrɔŋd ˈkɔrɪdərz əv ðə lig, ðə ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈʧɛrɪti wər kɛpt haɪ əˈbəv ðə pleɪn əv wərks ˈɛdət 'lɔrd ˈsælzbəri', ˈmənθli ˌrivˈju xiii*, ɑkˈtoʊbər 1903 xiii*, ɑkˈtoʊbər 1903 ɑr ˈnæʃənəl ʧərʧ 1913 1913 ðə weɪ əv pis 1928 1928 ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ən m.p*. ɔn dɪˈsɑrməmənt 1931 1931 'ðə lig ɛz ə roʊd tɪ pis', ɪn ɛl. wʊlf (ɛd.), ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt mænz weɪ tɪ əˈvɔɪd wɔr (ˈləndən: ˈvɪktər gollancz*, 1933 pp*. (ˈləndən: ˈvɪktər gollancz*, 1933 pp*. ə greɪt ɪkˈspɛrəmənt 1941 1941 ɔl ðə weɪ 1949 noʊts ˈɛdət ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət ˈfərðər ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈɛdət birn*, di. ɛs. 1981 ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz ˈjunjən, ˈbroʊdi, ʤeɪ. ˈkɛnɪθ 1999 ðə əˈvɔɪdəbəl wɔr, ˈvɑljum aɪ: lɔrd ˈsisəl ənd ðə ˈpɑləsi əv ˈprɪnsəpəl, trænˈzækʃən. ˈbroʊdi, ʤeɪ. ˈkɛnɪθ 1999 ðə əˈvɔɪdəbəl wɔr, ˈvɑljum ii*: piɛr ləˈvɑl ənd ðə ˈpɑləˌtɪks əv ˌriˈæləˌti, trænˈzækʃən. ceadel*, ˈmɑrtɪn 1980 "ðə fərst ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm: ðə pis ˈbælət, ˈɪŋlɪʃ hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˌrivˈju 95 ˈsisəl, ju pi. 1975 "lɔrd ˈrɑbərt ˈsisəl: ə ˈəpˌbrɪŋɪŋ". ˈhɪstəri təˈdeɪ 25 ˈʤɑnsən, ˈgeɪnər. lɔrd ˈrɑbərt ˈsisəl: ˌpɑləˈtɪʃən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənəlɪst 2014 ˈmeɪʤər ˈskɑlərli baɪˈɑgrəfi. 2014 ˈmeɪʤər ˈskɑlərli baɪˈɑgrəfi. ˈræfoʊ, pi. ɛs. 1974 "ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz fəˈlɑsəfi əv lɔrd ˈrɑbərt ˈsisəl". ɔˈstreɪljən ˈʤərnəl əv ˈpɑləˌtɪks ənd ˈhɪstəri 20 ˈtɑmsən, ʤeɪ. ə. 1977 "lɔrd ˈsisəl ənd ðə ˈpæsɪfɪsts ɪn ðə lig əv ˈneɪʃənz ˈjunjən". ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈʤərnəl 20 4 ˈtɑmsən, ʤeɪ. ə. 1981 "lɔrd ˈsisəl ənd ðə hɪˈstɔriənz". ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈʤərnəl. 24 3
|
(cnn) -- the search for a student who disappeared last week after he arrived at his portland, oregon, elementary school intensified monday.
kyron horman, 7, did not return home friday from skyline elementary school, police said.
according to investigators, the boy's stepmother said she last saw kyron on friday morning while he was walking down the hallway toward his classroom.
"there was a science fair here at the school," portland public schools spokesman matt shelby told cnn. "you had a situation with lots of parents and friends coming through the school, going class to class."
"kyron was here with his stepmother, seen with his stepmother," shelby said.
the science fair was held before the beginning of classes, shelby added, "so working parents could come and participate."
the multnomah county sheriff's office reported that no one at the school saw kyron after a.m. friday and that the child never made it to his classroom.
searches in the school area were conducted friday and over the weekend by several agencies, including the portland police bureau, gresham police department, fairview police department, oregon state patrol, and the fbi.
authorities have also utilized portland police bureau's air unit in an attempt to locate the child.
"my heart, and the hearts of everyone who is a part of portland public schools, goes out to kyron horman and his family," superintendent carole smith said in a written statement.
"we are all wishing for safe return as quickly as possible and we are grateful for the efforts of all the law enforcement agencies who have worked so tirelessly over the past 48 hours to determine the cause of disappearance, locate him and return him safely home.
"the reported disappearance of a student from one of our schools is unprecedented and deeply troubling. portland public schools is doing everything we can to assist the authorities in their effort to find kyron."
counselors have been made available today to children and teachers at school, shelby said. "our focus is on supporting the students and staff," he said.
anyone with information on kyron whereabouts is asked to call the multnomah county sheriff's office at.
|
(ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn) ðə sərʧ fər ə ˈstudənt hu ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd læst wik ˈæftər hi əraɪvd æt hɪz ˈpɔrtlənd, ˈɔrəˌgɑn, ˌɛləˈmɛnʧri skul ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪd ˈmənˌdeɪ. ˈkaɪrən ˈhɔrmən, 7 dɪd nɑt rɪˈtərn hoʊm ˈfraɪˌdeɪ frəm ˈskaɪˌlaɪn ˌɛləˈmɛnʧri skul, pəˈlis sɛd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz, ðə bɔɪz ˈstɛpˌməðər sɛd ʃi læst sɔ ˈkaɪrən ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ waɪl hi wɑz ˈwɔkɪŋ daʊn ðə ˈhɔlˌweɪ təˈwɔrd hɪz ˈklæsˌrum. "ðɛr wɑz ə saɪəns fɛr hir æt ðə skul," ˈpɔrtlənd ˈpəblɪk skulz ˈspoʊksmən mæt ˈʃɛlbi toʊld ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn. "ju hæd ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɪθ lɑts əv ˈpɛrənts ənd frɛndz ˈkəmɪŋ θru ðə skul, goʊɪŋ klæs tɪ klæs." "ˈkaɪrən wɑz hir wɪθ hɪz ˈstɛpˌməðər, sin wɪθ hɪz ˈstɛpˌməðər," ˈʃɛlbi sɛd. ðə saɪəns fɛr wɑz hɛld ˌbiˈfɔr ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ˈklæsɪz, ˈʃɛlbi ˈædɪd, "soʊ ˈwərkɪŋ ˈpɛrənts kʊd kəm ənd pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt." ðə ˌməlˈnoʊmə ˈkaʊnti ˈʃɛrɪfs ˈɔfəs ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət noʊ wən æt ðə skul sɔ ˈkaɪrən ˈæftər a.m*. ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ənd ðət ðə ʧaɪld ˈnɛvər meɪd ɪt tɪ hɪz ˈklæsˌrum. ˈsərʧɪz ɪn ðə skul ˈɛriə wər kənˈdəktəd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ənd ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd baɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈeɪʤənsiz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈpɔrtlənd pəˈlis ˈbjʊroʊ, ˈgrɛʃəm pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt, ˈfɛrvˌju pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt, ˈɔrəˌgɑn steɪt pəˈtroʊl, ənd ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ. əˈθɔrətiz hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈjutəˌlaɪzd ˈpɔrtlənd pəˈlis ˈbjʊroʊz ɛr ˈjunɪt ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ðə ʧaɪld. "maɪ hɑrt, ənd ðə hɑrts əv ˈɛvriˌwən hu ɪz ə pɑrt əv ˈpɔrtlənd ˈpəblɪk skulz, goʊz aʊt tɪ ˈkaɪrən ˈhɔrmən ənd hɪz ˈfæməli," ˌsupərɪnˈtɛndənt ˈkɛrəl smɪθ sɛd ɪn ə ˈrɪtən ˈsteɪtmənt. "wi ər ɔl ˈwɪʃɪŋ fər seɪf rɪˈtərn ɛz kˈwɪkli ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl ənd wi ər ˈgreɪtfəl fər ðə ˈɛfərts əv ɔl ðə lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz hu hæv wərkt soʊ ˈtaɪrləsli ˈoʊvər ðə pæst 48 aʊərz tɪ dɪˈtərmən ðə kɔz əv ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns, ˈloʊˌkeɪt ɪm ənd rɪˈtərn ɪm ˈseɪfli hoʊm. "ðə ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns əv ə ˈstudənt frəm wən əv ɑr skulz ɪz ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ənd ˈdipli ˈtrəbəlɪŋ. ˈpɔrtlənd ˈpəblɪk skulz ɪz duɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ wi kən tɪ əˈsɪst ðə əˈθɔrətiz ɪn ðɛr ˈɛfərt tɪ faɪnd ˈkaɪrən." ˈkaʊnsələrz hæv bɪn meɪd əˈveɪləbəl təˈdeɪ tɪ ˈʧɪldrən ənd ˈtiʧərz æt skul, ˈʃɛlbi sɛd. "ɑr ˈfoʊkɪs ɪz ɔn səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ˈstudənts ənd stæf," hi sɛd. ˈɛniˌwən wɪθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ˈkaɪrən ˈwɛrəˌbaʊts ɪz æst tɪ kɔl ðə ˌməlˈnoʊmə ˈkaʊnti ˈʃɛrɪfs ˈɔfəs æt
|
the washington redskins drafted austin reiter with the hopes of grooming him to be a backup center. but coaches said josh developed enough at the position that they did not need to carry another backup. so they told reiter they would be releasing him, according to a source.
as of friday night, there had been no discussion with reiter about placing him on the practice squad. but those moves are fluid and can change. reiter is the second draft pick to be released: cornerback mitchel was claimed off waivers by indianapolis after washington designated him as waived/injured.
the redskins also informed running back mack brown, receivers reggie bell and colin lockett, linebacker sage harold, tight end d.j. williams and safety davis that they were released as well. they reached injury settlements with williams and davis.
the redskins must trim their roster to 53 by 4 p.m. saturday.
|
ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈrɛdˌskɪnz ˈdræftɪd ˈɔstən ˈraɪtər wɪθ ðə hoʊps əv ˈgrumɪŋ ɪm tɪ bi ə ˈbæˌkəp ˈsɛnər. bət ˈkoʊʧɪz sɛd ʤɑʃ dɪˈvɛləpt ɪˈnəf æt ðə pəˈzɪʃən ðət ðeɪ dɪd nɑt nid tɪ ˈkɛri əˈnəðər ˈbæˌkəp. soʊ ðeɪ toʊld ˈraɪtər ðeɪ wʊd bi riˈlisɪŋ ɪm, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə sɔrs. ɛz əv ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt, ðɛr hæd bɪn noʊ dɪˈskəʃən wɪθ ˈraɪtər əˈbaʊt ˈpleɪsɪŋ ɪm ɔn ðə ˈpræktɪs skwɑd. bət ðoʊz muvz ər fluɪd ənd kən ʧeɪnʤ. ˈraɪtər ɪz ðə ˈsɛkənd dræft pɪk tɪ bi riˈlist: ˈkɔrnərˌbæk ˈmɪʧəl wɑz kleɪmd ɔf ˈweɪvərz baɪ ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs ˈæftər ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪtɪd ɪm ɛz waived/injured*. ðə ˈrɛdˌskɪnz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ˈrənɪŋ bæk mæk braʊn, rɪˈsivərz ˈrɛʤi bɛl ənd ˈkoʊlɪn ˈlɑkɪt, ˈlaɪnˌbækər seɪʤ ˈhɛrəld, taɪt ɛnd d.j*. ˈwɪljəmz ənd ˈseɪfti ˈdeɪvɪs ðət ðeɪ wər riˈlist ɛz wɛl. ðeɪ riʧt ˈɪnʤəri ˈsɛtəlmənts wɪθ ˈwɪljəmz ənd ˈdeɪvɪs. ðə ˈrɛdˌskɪnz məst trɪm ðɛr ˈrɑstər tɪ 53 baɪ 4 p.m*. ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ.
|
hi. my name is jane turville and the writer, producer and director of the people problem. the film is a series that will be marketed to public broadcasting stations in north america as well as international venues. material from the series will also be used to create a documentary suitable for public screenings and film festivals. our goal is to broadcast the film in spring 2015.
why make a film on population?
for many years believed that is a big problem. many of my friends and colleagues also believe this to be true.
it seems that, while we believe that are unsustainable, we like to discuss population growth. we shift the conversation to other issues. i think this happens for two reasons.
first, is fear. many ideas float around regarding. everything from remaining childless for the sake of the planet, placing limits on health access for seniors, and building walls to eliminate immigration. all of these ideas have one thing in common. they all diminish personal choice. most of us (including myself) value the freedom to choose your own destiny as a basic human right. yet, people fear that talking about population growth is, in fact, a discussion on the removal of this basic human right.
second, most population information is presented through numbers, charts and graphs. while the information is compelling, really hard to take data presented in this form and apply it to yourself. so, easy to conclude that someone issue and that responsibility lies elsewhere.
so, what can a film do?
the people problem poses the question “are there too many of us?” and, while i intend to arrive at a definitive answer, the film will present population issues in a way that (a) alleviates fear about discussing population and (b) translates compelling data into stories that resonate with mainstream citizens.
how will the film achieve this?
using the nesting basket sustainability model as a framework, the film will weave interviews with professionals into the stories of three families located in america, brazil and china. set up like this, data explained by professionals is immediately illustrated through each story. by bringing the data into homes located in diverse countries, and showing real-world applications for real families, the film will help viewers relate with statistical information and at the same time, bring to light the role of affluence and consumerism in population issues, dispelling the myth that it is a third world problem. in order to lay a foundation for the discussion, also take a look at population throughout history. what have the dynamics been and just how did we get to where we are today?
what is the nesting basket theory of sustainability?
in this model, the first basket represents natural systems, which should be healthy and abundant. the second basket rests inside the first and represents society, which thrives only when nested in a healthy environment. the third basket nests in the social basket and represents the economy, which remains stable when the baskets it rests in are strong. this structure achieves the balance required for a sustainable society.
how will money from this campaign be spent?
the people problem is just getting started, making this campaign the financial boost needed to “kickstart” the project. i am asking for $10,000 which will provide the funding for (a) my attendance at three population conferences to conduct research and meet potential interviewees, (b) external hard drives to store footage, and (c) development and launch the website.
why should i support this project?
to be blunt, i need your support. and, quite frankly, if humans are going to make educated decisions about the environment, social issues and economies, population has to be part of the conversation. we be afraid to talk about it. we shrug it off as someone problem. if you want to be the catalyst that brings a balanced discussion into homes, churches, classrooms, and boardrooms, you should support this project.
are there too many of us? is there truly a “people problem?” if interested in getting the conversation going, please make a contribution today.
|
haɪ. maɪ neɪm ɪz ʤeɪn ˈtərˌvɪl ənd ðə ˈraɪtər, prəˈdusər ənd dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈpipəl ˈprɑbləm. ðə fɪlm ɪz ə ˈsɪriz ðət wɪl bi ˈmɑrkətɪd tɪ ˈpəblɪk ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈvɛnuz. məˈtɪriəl frəm ðə ˈsɪriz wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi juzd tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri ˈsutəbəl fər ˈpəblɪk ˈskrinɪŋz ənd fɪlm ˈfɛstɪvəlz. ɑr goʊl ɪz tɪ ˈbrɔdˌkæst ðə fɪlm ɪn spərɪŋ 2015 waɪ meɪk ə fɪlm ɔn ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən? fər ˈmɛni jɪrz bɪˈlivd ðət ɪz ə bɪg ˈprɑbləm. ˈmɛni əv maɪ frɛndz ənd ˈkɑligz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈliv ðɪs tɪ bi tru. ɪt simz ðət, waɪl wi bɪˈliv ðət ər ˌənsəˈsteɪnəbəl, wi laɪk tɪ dɪˈskəs ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən groʊθ. wi ʃɪft ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən tɪ ˈəðər ˈɪʃuz. aɪ θɪŋk ðɪs ˈhæpənz fər tu ˈrizənz. fərst, ɪz fɪr. ˈmɛni aɪˈdiəz floʊt əraʊnd rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈʧaɪldləs fər ðə seɪk əv ðə ˈplænət, ˈpleɪsɪŋ ˈlɪmɪts ɔn hɛlθ ˈækˌsɛs fər ˈsinjərz, ənd ˈbɪldɪŋ wɔlz tɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən. ɔl əv ðiz aɪˈdiəz hæv wən θɪŋ ɪn ˈkɑmən. ðeɪ ɔl dɪˈmɪnɪʃ ˈpərsɪnəl ʧɔɪs. moʊst əv ˈjuˈɛs (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf) ˈvælju ðə ˈfridəm tɪ ʧuz jʊr oʊn ˈdɛstəni ɛz ə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈjumən raɪt. jɛt, ˈpipəl fɪr ðət ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən groʊθ ɪz, ɪn fækt, ə dɪˈskəʃən ɔn ðə rɪˈmuvəl əv ðɪs ˈbeɪsɪk ˈjumən raɪt. ˈsɛkənd, moʊst ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz pərˈzɛnəd θru ˈnəmbərz, ʧɑrts ənd græfs. waɪl ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz kəmˈpɛlɪŋ, ˈrɪli hɑrd tɪ teɪk ˈdætə pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ðɪs fɔrm ənd əˈplaɪ ɪt tɪ ˈjɔrsɛlf. soʊ, ˈizi tɪ kənˈklud ðət ˈsəmˌwən ˈɪʃu ənd ðət riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti laɪz ˈɛlsˌwɛr. soʊ, wət kən ə fɪlm du? ðə ˈpipəl ˈprɑbləm ˈpoʊzɪz ðə kˈwɛʃən ðɛr tu ˈmɛni əv us?”*?” ənd, waɪl aɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnd tɪ əraɪv æt ə dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv ˈænsər, ðə fɪlm wɪl ˈprɛzənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈɪʃuz ɪn ə weɪ ðət (ə) əˈlivieɪts fɪr əˈbaʊt dɪˈskəsɪŋ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ənd (bi) ˈtrænsˌleɪts kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ˈdætə ˈɪntu ˈstɔriz ðət ˈrɛzəˌneɪt wɪθ ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈsɪtɪzənz. haʊ wɪl ðə fɪlm əˈʧiv ðɪs? ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈnɛstɪŋ ˈbæskət səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti ˈmɑdəl ɛz ə ˈfreɪmˌwərk, ðə fɪlm wɪl wiv ˈɪntərvˌjuz wɪθ prəˈfɛʃənəlz ˈɪntu ðə ˈstɔriz əv θri ˈfæməliz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə, brəˈzɪl ənd ˈʧaɪnə. sɛt əp laɪk ðɪs, ˈdætə ɪkˈspleɪnd baɪ prəˈfɛʃənəlz ɪz ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd θru iʧ ˈstɔri. baɪ ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ðə ˈdætə ˈɪntu hoʊmz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn dɪˈvərs ˈkəntriz, ənd ʃoʊɪŋ ˈrilˌwərld ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ril ˈfæməliz, ðə fɪlm wɪl hɛlp vjuərz rɪˈleɪt wɪθ stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd æt ðə seɪm taɪm, brɪŋ tɪ laɪt ðə roʊl əv ˈæfluəns ənd kənˈsumərˌɪzəm ɪn ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈɪʃuz, dɪˈspɛlɪŋ ðə mɪθ ðət ɪt ɪz ə θərd wərld ˈprɑbləm. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ leɪ ə faʊnˈdeɪʃən fər ðə dɪˈskəʃən, ˈɔlsoʊ teɪk ə lʊk æt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən θruaʊt ˈhɪstəri. wət hæv ðə daɪˈnæmɪks bɪn ənd ʤɪst haʊ dɪd wi gɪt tɪ wɛr wi ər təˈdeɪ? wət ɪz ðə ˈnɛstɪŋ ˈbæskət ˈθɪri əv səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti? ɪn ðɪs ˈmɑdəl, ðə fərst ˈbæskət ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ˈnæʧərəl ˈsɪstəmz, wɪʧ ʃʊd bi ˈhɛlθi ənd əˈbəndənt. ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈbæskət rɛsts ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə fərst ənd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts soʊˈsaɪɪti, wɪʧ θraɪvz ˈoʊnli wɪn ˈnɛstɪd ɪn ə ˈhɛlθi ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ðə θərd ˈbæskət nɛsts ɪn ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈbæskət ənd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi, wɪʧ rɪˈmeɪnz ˈsteɪbəl wɪn ðə ˈbæskəts ɪt rɛsts ɪn ər strɔŋ. ðɪs ˈstrəkʧər əˈʧivz ðə ˈbæləns rikˈwaɪərd fər ə səˈsteɪnəbəl soʊˈsaɪɪti. haʊ wɪl ˈməni frəm ðɪs kæmˈpeɪn bi spɛnt? ðə ˈpipəl ˈprɑbləm ɪz ʤɪst ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈstɑrtɪd, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɪs kæmˈpeɪn ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl bust ˈnidɪd tɪ ““kickstart”*” ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. aɪ æm ˈæskɪŋ fər wɪʧ wɪl prəˈvaɪd ðə ˈfəndɪŋ fər (ə) maɪ əˈtɛndəns æt θri ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈkɑnfərənsəz tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ˈrisərʧ ənd mit pəˈtɛnʃəl ˌɪntərvjuˈiz, (bi) ɪkˈstərnəl hɑrd draɪvz tɪ stɔr ˈfʊtɪʤ, ənd (si) dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd lɔnʧ ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. waɪ ʃʊd aɪ səˈpɔrt ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt? tɪ bi blənt, aɪ nid jʊr səˈpɔrt. ənd, kwaɪt ˈfræŋkli, ɪf ˈjumənz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ meɪk ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈɪʃuz ənd ɪˈkɑnəmiz, ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən həz tɪ bi pɑrt əv ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən. wi bi əˈfreɪd tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ɪt. wi ʃrəg ɪt ɔf ɛz ˈsəmˌwən ˈprɑbləm. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ bi ðə ˈkætəˌlɪst ðət brɪŋz ə ˈbælənst dɪˈskəʃən ˈɪntu hoʊmz, ˈʧərʧɪz, ˈklæsˌrumz, ənd ˈbɔrˌdrumz, ju ʃʊd səˈpɔrt ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt. ər ðɛr tu ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs? ɪz ðɛr ˈtruli ə problem?”*?” ɪf ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən goʊɪŋ, pliz meɪk ə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən təˈdeɪ.
|
today, about million refugees are scattered around the world, a record high in nearly two decades. of those, 80 percent are women and children. for 34 million of them, the united nations high commission on refugees offers protection and supplies at refugee camps in more than 125 countries. the 50 largest camps, featured on the above map, house more than million displaced individuals.
more than million people have fled syria during the ongoing civil war, seeking safety in neighboring countries. the overwhelming majority of the refugees residing in (no. 7) and (no. 31) in turkey and (no. 11) in jordan came from syria.
unhcr provides them with food, safe drinking water, tents, bedding and medical care. the organization also helps refugees seek asylum in another countries and, when possible, reunites families forced to split up when they escaped.
despite the terminology used—“camps” or “settlements”—many are not temporary; some have existed for years, and for many young refugees, these camps are the only homes they know. the complex in kenya, which includes the three biggest camps in the world, was constructed in the early 1990s. the largest of the three, hagadera, houses refugees, which is equivalent to the population of pasadena, california. for each camp on the map, a comparable american city is listed to convey size.
world refugee day, recognized each year on june 20, honors the millions of displaced men, women and children across the globe.
|
təˈdeɪ, əˈbaʊt ˈmɪljən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ər ˈskætərd əraʊnd ðə wərld, ə ˈrɛkərd haɪ ɪn ˈnɪrli tu ˈdɛkeɪdz. əv ðoʊz, 80 pərˈsɛnt ər ˈwɪmən ənd ˈʧɪldrən. fər 34 ˈmɪljən əv ðɛm, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz haɪ kəˈmɪʃən ɔn ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ˈɔfərz prəˈtɛkʃən ənd səˈplaɪz æt ˈrɛfjuʤi kæmps ɪn mɔr ðən 125 ˈkəntriz. ðə 50 ˈlɑrʤəst kæmps, ˈfiʧərd ɔn ðə əˈbəv mæp, haʊs mɔr ðən ˈmɪljən dɪˈspleɪst ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz. mɔr ðən ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl hæv flɛd ˈsɪriə ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈsɪvəl wɔr, ˈsikɪŋ ˈseɪfti ɪn ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˈkəntriz. ðə ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz rɪˈzaɪdɪŋ ɪn (noʊ. 7 ənd (noʊ. 31 ɪn ˈtərki ənd (noʊ. 11 ɪn ˈʤɔrdən keɪm frəm ˈsɪriə. prəˈvaɪdz ðɛm wɪθ fud, seɪf ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ˈwɔtər, tɛnts, ˈbɛdɪŋ ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl kɛr. ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlps ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz sik əˈsaɪləm ɪn əˈnəðər ˈkəntriz ənd, wɪn ˈpɑsəbəl, ˌriuˈnaɪts ˈfæməliz fɔrst tɪ splɪt əp wɪn ðeɪ ɪˈskeɪpt. dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˌtərmɪˈnɑləʤi used—“camps”*” ər ər nɑt ˈtɛmpərˌɛri; səm hæv ɪgˈzɪstəd fər jɪrz, ənd fər ˈmɛni jəŋ ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz, ðiz kæmps ər ðə ˈoʊnli hoʊmz ðeɪ noʊ. ðə ˈkɑmplɛks ɪn ˈkɛnjə, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ðə θri ˈbɪgəst kæmps ɪn ðə wərld, wɑz kənˈstrəktɪd ɪn ðə ˈərli 1990s*. ðə ˈlɑrʤəst əv ðə θri, hagadera*, ˈhaʊsɪz ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz, wɪʧ ɪz ɪkˈwɪvələnt tɪ ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ˌpæsəˈdinər, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. fər iʧ kæmp ɔn ðə mæp, ə ˈkɑmprəbəl əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪti ɪz ˈlɪstɪd tɪ kənˈveɪ saɪz. wərld ˈrɛfjuʤi deɪ, ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd iʧ jɪr ɔn ʤun 20 ˈɑnərz ðə ˈmɪljənz əv dɪˈspleɪst mɛn, ˈwɪmən ənd ˈʧɪldrən əˈkrɔs ðə gloʊb.
|
indianapolis -- who is patterson?
that might be the question on the minds of casual nfl draft observers after seeing the tennessee wide name posted at the top of the charts, but scouts and coaches can't stop raving about the most explosive in college football.
jeremiah: the workout wonders who will be the biggest star of this year's combine? daniel jeremiah picks 10 prospects expected to wow in indianapolis. who will be the biggest star of this year's 10 prospects expected to wow in indianapolis. more ...
patterson set school records for all-purpose yards (1,858) and became the first player to score a touchdown four ways since 2008 (receiving, rushing, punt and kick return). patterson scored 10 touchdowns (five receiving, three rushing, one kick return and one punt return), while also setting an sec record with a combined kickoff and punt return average of yards.
now, patterson's feats as a certainly caught the attention of nfl scouts and coaches searching for an explosive offensive weapon, but his rapid development as a receiver is what really pushed him to the top of the charts. patterson totaled 46 receptions for 778 yards and five touchdowns during his only season of major college football. (he was a at hutchinson community college in kansas before transferring to tennessee in the spring of 2012.) most impressively, patterson demonstrated the ability to blow past defenders on vertical routes, making him an attractive option for teams in need of a receiver to stretch the field.
as i broke down patterson's tape, i came away impressed with his acceleration, burst and overall. he shows the rare ability to go from zero to 60 in a hurry, which makes him a scary receiver to defend one-on-one. additionally, patterson flashes extraordinary skills with the ball in his hands. he has a knack for making defenders miss in the open field, yet is a physical runner with the capacity to run through arm tackles in traffic. patterson's a threat to score from anywhere on the field, making him a hot commodity in draft rooms across the league.
from a development standpoint, patterson must continue to refine his route running. he needs to vary his stems and releases to set up defenders, and eliminate some of the extra steps getting in and out of breaks. although patterson was able to get open against elite competition in the sec with raw skills, he will have to improve his footwork and overall savvy to consistently separate from top corners in the nfl.
additionally, patterson must continue to increase his football iq through extensive classroom work and film study. with only one season of major college football experience, patterson has limited exposure to some of the concepts (sight adjustments, hot reads and route conversions) featured in most nfl playbooks, which could impact his transition to the pro game. a quality position coach can help patterson overcome his inexperience, but the tennessee standout will need to put in the work to make it happen.
based on our conversation on the nfl draft tracker podcast and other interactions leading up to the nfl scouting combine, i'm confident patterson will demonstrate the commitment required to become a solid pro in the mold of donald driver.
here are five potential fits for patterson's game:
miami dolphins (no. 12 overall)
ryan tannehill enjoyed a solid rookie campaign, but the dolphins must surround him with better weapons on the perimeter to maximize his talents. patterson is a dynamic with exceptional speed, quickness and running skills. he is a rare receiver with the capacity to stretch the field, while also demonstrating the savvy, awareness and to turn short passes into big gains. given joe history of featuring a potent aerial attack built around the talents of a passer and a host of electric pass catchers, the addition of patterson would be a sensible one.
brandt: combine success stories gil brandt says prospects hoping to boost their stock at the combine have plenty of examples to follow -- like cam newton. says prospects hoping to boost their stock at the combine have plenty of examples to follow -- like cam newton. more ...
carolina panthers (no. 14)
panthers general manager dave has stated that he'd like to see cam newton making more plays from the pocket, but the lineup features only one explosive weapon on the perimeter (steve smith). the addition of patterson would give newton a legitimate burner on the outside with the capacity to blow past defenders on vertical routes. additionally, patterson's presence would alter the way opponents defend smith, creating more opportunities in the passing game. furthermore, patterson would give the panthers an eventual no. 1 receiver to build around when smith, who turns 34 this summer, decides to hang it up.
st. louis rams (no. 16 and 22)
jeff fisher is on record saying sam bradford's struggles can be attributed to the lack of talent around him. while most would point to the rams' leaky offensive line, the fact that bradford hasn't played with a legitimate no. 1 receiver during his career is certainly one of the issues affecting his play. the team attempted to upgrade the receiving corps with a few draft picks a season ago (brian quick and chris givens), but neither is an explosive of patterson's caliber. furthermore, patterson's speed and burst would be enhanced on the rams' turf field, creating numerous problems for defenses. with a legitimate weapon to target in the passing game, the rams could continue to close ground on their west division rivals behind a connection.
schein: a circus in pittsburgh? anonymous comments. unhappy players. adam schein says the more ... anonymous comments. unhappy the steelers are starting to resemble the new york jets
pittsburgh steelers (no. 17)
the steelers likely will need to replace the of mike wallace, as he's expected to depart via free agency. patterson definitely fits the bill. he is an exceptional runner with the ball in his hands, which would allow ben to target him on slip and bubble screens on the perimeter. although wallace's ability would be sorely missed in pittsburgh, the addition of patterson would ease the transition and make the steelers' offense more dynamic and explosive in future years.
minnesota vikings (no. 23)
if christian ponder is going to develop into more than a game manager, the vikings must surround him with dangerous options on the perimeter. obviously, percy harvin is a threat, but the rest of the vikings' receiving corps is lacking. patterson would give ponder a specialist on the perimeter; his speed would open up the rest of the field, giving harvin space on short and intermediate routes. additionally, patterson would give the vikings an effective counter to the fronts designed to take away adrian peterson on the ground. with patterson capable of running past defenders in isolated matchups, the vikings could torch opponents with the deep ball following fakes. in a division where offenses reign supreme, the addition of patterson could help the vikings maintain a spot near the top of the north.
follow bucky brooks on twitter
|
ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs hu ɪz ˈpætərsən? ðət maɪt bi ðə kˈwɛʃən ɔn ðə maɪndz əv ˈkæʒəwəl ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl dræft əbˈzərvərz ˈæftər siɪŋ ðə ˌtɛnəˈsi waɪd neɪm ˈpoʊstɪd æt ðə tɔp əv ðə ʧɑrts, bət skaʊts ənd ˈkoʊʧɪz kænt stɑp ˈreɪvɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə moʊst ɪkˈsploʊsɪv ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl. ˌʤɛrəˈmaɪə: ðə ˈwərˌkaʊt ˈwəndərz hu wɪl bi ðə ˈbɪgəst stɑr əv ðɪs jɪrz ˈkɑmbaɪn? ˈdænjəl ˌʤɛrəˈmaɪə pɪks 10 ˈprɑspɛkts ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ waʊ ɪn ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs. hu wɪl bi ðə ˈbɪgəst stɑr əv ðɪs jɪrz 10 ˈprɑspɛkts ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ waʊ ɪn ˌɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs. mɔr ˈpætərsən sɛt skul ˈrɛkərdz fər ˈɔlˈpərpəs jɑrdz ənd bɪˈkeɪm ðə fərst pleɪər tɪ skɔr ə ˈtəʧˌdaʊn fɔr weɪz sɪns 2008 (rɪˈsivɪŋ, ˈrəʃɪŋ, pənt ənd kɪk rɪˈtərn). ˈpætərsən skɔrd 10 ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz (faɪv rɪˈsivɪŋ, θri ˈrəʃɪŋ, wən kɪk rɪˈtərn ənd wən pənt rɪˈtərn), waɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsɛtɪŋ ən sɛk ˈrɛkərd wɪθ ə kəmˈbaɪnd ˈkɪˌkɔf ənd pənt rɪˈtərn ˈævərɪʤ əv jɑrdz. naʊ, ˈpætərsənz fits ɛz ə ˈsərtənli kɔt ðə əˈtɛnʃən əv ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl skaʊts ənd ˈkoʊʧɪz ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ən ɪkˈsploʊsɪv əˈfɛnsɪv ˈwɛpən, bət hɪz ˈræpɪd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɛz ə rɪˈsivər ɪz wət ˈrɪli pʊʃt ɪm tɪ ðə tɔp əv ðə ʧɑrts. ˈpætərsən ˈtoʊtəld 46 rɪˈsɛpʃənz fər 778 jɑrdz ənd faɪv ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈoʊnli ˈsizən əv ˈmeɪʤər ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl. (hi wɑz ə æt ˈhəʧɪnsən kəmˈjunɪti ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn ˈkænzəs ˌbiˈfɔr trænsˈfərɪŋ tɪ ˌtɛnəˈsi ɪn ðə spərɪŋ əv 2012 moʊst ˌɪmˈprɛsɪvli, ˈpætərsən ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ bloʊ pæst dɪˈfɛndərz ɔn ˈvərtɪkəl rʊts, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪm ən əˈtræktɪv ˈɔpʃən fər timz ɪn nid əv ə rɪˈsivər tɪ strɛʧ ðə fild. ɛz aɪ broʊk daʊn ˈpætərsənz teɪp, aɪ keɪm əˈweɪ ˌɪmˈprɛst wɪθ hɪz ˌækˌsɛlərˈeɪʃən, bərst ənd ˈoʊvərˌɔl. hi ʃoʊz ðə rɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ goʊ frəm ˈziroʊ tɪ 60 ɪn ə ˈhəri, wɪʧ meɪks ɪm ə ˈskɛri rɪˈsivər tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ˌwənɔnˈwən. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈpætərsən ˈflæʃɪz ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri skɪlz wɪθ ðə bɔl ɪn hɪz hænz. hi həz ə næk fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ dɪˈfɛndərz mɪs ɪn ðə ˈoʊpən fild, jɛt ɪz ə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈrənər wɪθ ðə kəˈpæsɪti tɪ rən θru ɑrm ˈtækəlz ɪn ˈtræfɪk. ˈpætərsənz ə θrɛt tɪ skɔr frəm ˈɛniˌwɛr ɔn ðə fild, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪm ə hɑt kəˈmɑdəti ɪn dræft rumz əˈkrɔs ðə lig. frəm ə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈstændˌpɔɪnt, ˈpætərsən məst kənˈtɪnju tɪ rɪˈfaɪn hɪz rut ˈrənɪŋ. hi nidz tɪ ˈvɛri hɪz stɛmz ənd rɪˈlisɪz tɪ sɛt əp dɪˈfɛndərz, ənd ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt səm əv ðə ˈɛkstrə stɛps ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪn ənd aʊt əv breɪks. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈpætərsən wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ gɪt ˈoʊpən əˈgɛnst ɪˈlit ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ɪn ðə sɛk wɪθ rɑ skɪlz, hi wɪl hæv tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv hɪz ˈfʊtˌwərk ənd ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈsævi tɪ kənˈsɪstəntli ˈsɛpərˌeɪt frəm tɔp ˈkɔrnərz ɪn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈpætərsən məst kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɪnˈkris hɪz ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈaɪˈkju θru ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈklæsˌrum wərk ənd fɪlm ˈstədi. wɪθ ˈoʊnli wən ˈsizən əv ˈmeɪʤər ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɪkˈspɪriəns, ˈpætərsən həz ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ səm əv ðə ˈkɑnsɛpts (saɪt əˈʤəstmənts, hɑt ridz ənd rut kənˈvərʒənz) ˈfiʧərd ɪn moʊst ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl playbooks*, wɪʧ kʊd ˌɪmˈpækt hɪz trænˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə proʊ geɪm. ə kˈwɑləti pəˈzɪʃən koʊʧ kən hɛlp ˈpætərsən ˈoʊvərˌkəm hɪz ˌɪnɪkˈspɪriəns, bət ðə ˌtɛnəˈsi ˈstænˌdaʊt wɪl nid tɪ pʊt ɪn ðə wərk tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈhæpən. beɪst ɔn ɑr ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ɔn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl dræft ˈtrækər ˈpɔdˌkæst ənd ˈəðər ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ˈlidɪŋ əp tɪ ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈskaʊtɪŋ ˈkɑmbaɪn, əm ˈkɑnfədənt ˈpætərsən wɪl ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðə kəˈmɪtmənt rikˈwaɪərd tɪ bɪˈkəm ə ˈsɑləd proʊ ɪn ðə moʊld əv ˈdɑnəld ˈdraɪvər. hir ər faɪv pəˈtɛnʃəl fɪts fər ˈpætərsənz geɪm: maɪˈæmi ˈdɑlfənz (noʊ. 12 ˈoʊvərˌɔl) raɪən ˈtænɪhɪl ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ə ˈsɑləd ˈrʊki kæmˈpeɪn, bət ðə ˈdɑlfənz məst səraʊnd ɪm wɪθ ˈbɛtər ˈwɛpənz ɔn ðə pərˈɪmətər tɪ ˈmæksəˌmaɪz hɪz ˈtælənts. ˈpætərsən ɪz ə daɪˈnæmɪk wɪθ ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl spid, kˈwɪknəs ənd ˈrənɪŋ skɪlz. hi ɪz ə rɛr rɪˈsivər wɪθ ðə kəˈpæsɪti tɪ strɛʧ ðə fild, waɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ðə ˈsævi, əˈwɛrnəs ənd tɪ tərn ʃɔrt ˈpæsɪz ˈɪntu bɪg geɪnz. ˈgɪvɪn ʤoʊ ˈhɪstəri əv ˈfiʧərɪŋ ə ˈpoʊtənt ˈɛriəl əˈtæk bɪlt əraʊnd ðə ˈtælənts əv ə ˈpæsər ənd ə hoʊst əv ɪˈlɛktrɪk pæs ˈkæˌʧərz, ðə əˈdɪʃən əv ˈpætərsən wʊd bi ə ˈsɛnsəbəl wən. brænt: ˈkɑmbaɪn səkˈsɛs ˈstɔriz gɪl brænt sɪz ˈprɑspɛkts ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ bust ðɛr stɑk æt ðə ˈkɑmbaɪn hæv ˈplɛnti əv ɪgˈzæmpəlz tɪ ˈfɑloʊ laɪk kæm ˈnutən. sɪz ˈprɑspɛkts ˈhoʊpɪŋ tɪ bust ðɛr stɑk æt ðə ˈkɑmbaɪn hæv ˈplɛnti əv ɪgˈzæmpəlz tɪ ˈfɑloʊ laɪk kæm ˈnutən. mɔr ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˈpænθərz (noʊ. 14 ˈpænθərz ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər deɪv həz ˈsteɪtɪd ðət hid laɪk tɪ si kæm ˈnutən ˈmeɪkɪŋ mɔr pleɪz frəm ðə ˈpɑkət, bət ðə ˈlaɪˌnəp ˈfiʧərz ˈoʊnli wən ɪkˈsploʊsɪv ˈwɛpən ɔn ðə pərˈɪmətər (stiv smɪθ). ðə əˈdɪʃən əv ˈpætərsən wʊd gɪv ˈnutən ə ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈbərnər ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd wɪθ ðə kəˈpæsɪti tɪ bloʊ pæst dɪˈfɛndərz ɔn ˈvərtɪkəl rʊts. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈpætərsənz ˈprɛzəns wʊd ˈɔltər ðə weɪ əˈpoʊnənts dɪˈfɛnd smɪθ, kriˈeɪtɪŋ mɔr ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ɪn ðə ˈpæsɪŋ geɪm. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ˈpætərsən wʊd gɪv ðə ˈpænθərz ən əˈvɛnʧuəl noʊ. 1 rɪˈsivər tɪ bɪld əraʊnd wɪn smɪθ, hu tərnz 34 ðɪs ˈsəmər, ˌdɪˈsaɪdz tɪ hæŋ ɪt əp. st*. luɪs ræmz (noʊ. 16 ənd 22 ʤɛf ˈfɪʃər ɪz ɔn ˈrɛkərd seɪɪŋ sæm ˈbrædfərdz ˈstrəgəlz kən bi əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ ðə læk əv ˈtælənt əraʊnd ɪm. waɪl moʊst wʊd pɔɪnt tɪ ðə ræmz' ˈliki əˈfɛnsɪv laɪn, ðə fækt ðət ˈbrædfərd ˈhæzənt pleɪd wɪθ ə ləˈʤɪtəmət noʊ. 1 rɪˈsivər ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz kərɪr ɪz ˈsərtənli wən əv ðə ˈɪʃuz əˈfɛktɪŋ hɪz pleɪ. ðə tim əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ˈəpˈgreɪd ðə rɪˈsivɪŋ kɔrz wɪθ ə fju dræft pɪks ə ˈsizən əˈgoʊ (braɪən kwɪk ənd krɪs ˈgɪvənz), bət ˈniðər ɪz ən ɪkˈsploʊsɪv əv ˈpætərsənz ˈkæləbər. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ˈpætərsənz spid ənd bərst wʊd bi ɛnˈhænst ɔn ðə ræmz' tərf fild, kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈnumərəs ˈprɑbləmz fər dɪˈfɛnsɪz. wɪθ ə ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈwɛpən tɪ ˈtərgət ɪn ðə ˈpæsɪŋ geɪm, ðə ræmz kʊd kənˈtɪnju tɪ kloʊz graʊnd ɔn ðɛr wɛst dɪˈvɪʒən ˈraɪvəlz bɪˈhaɪnd ə kəˈnɛkʃən. ʃaɪn: ə ˈsərkəs ɪn ˈpɪtsbərg? əˈnɑnəməs ˈkɑmɛnts. ənˈhæpi pleɪərz. ˈædəm ʃaɪn sɪz ðə mɔr əˈnɑnəməs ˈkɑmɛnts. ənˈhæpi ðə ˈstilərz ər ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ rɪˈzɛmbəl ðə nu jɔrk ʤɛts ˈpɪtsbərg ˈstilərz (noʊ. 17 ðə ˈstilərz ˈlaɪkli wɪl nid tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðə əv maɪk ˈwɔlɪs, ɛz hiz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ dɪˈpɑrt ˈviə fri ˈeɪʤənsi. ˈpætərsən ˈdɛfənətli fɪts ðə bɪl. hi ɪz ən ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈrənər wɪθ ðə bɔl ɪn hɪz hænz, wɪʧ wʊd əˈlaʊ bɛn tɪ ˈtərgət ɪm ɔn slɪp ənd ˈbəbəl skrinz ɔn ðə pərˈɪmətər. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈwɔləsəz əˈbɪləˌti wʊd bi ˈsɔrli mɪst ɪn ˈpɪtsbərg, ðə əˈdɪʃən əv ˈpætərsən wʊd iz ðə trænˈzɪʃən ənd meɪk ðə ˈstilərz' əˈfɛns mɔr daɪˈnæmɪk ənd ɪkˈsploʊsɪv ɪn fˈjuʧər jɪrz. ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ˈvaɪkɪŋz (noʊ. 23 ɪf ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈpɑndər ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ˈɪntu mɔr ðən ə geɪm ˈmænɪʤər, ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz məst səraʊnd ɪm wɪθ ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈɔpʃənz ɔn ðə pərˈɪmətər. ˈɑbviəsli, ˈpərsi ˈhɑrvɪn ɪz ə θrɛt, bət ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz' rɪˈsivɪŋ kɔrz ɪz ˈlækɪŋ. ˈpætərsən wʊd gɪv ˈpɑndər ə ˈspɛʃəlɪst ɔn ðə pərˈɪmətər; hɪz spid wʊd ˈoʊpən əp ðə rɛst əv ðə fild, ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈhɑrvɪn speɪs ɔn ʃɔrt ənd ˌɪnərˈmidiɪt rʊts. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈpætərsən wʊd gɪv ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz ən ˈifɛktɪv ˈkaʊntər tɪ ðə frənts dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ teɪk əˈweɪ ˈeɪdriən ˈpitərsən ɔn ðə graʊnd. wɪθ ˈpætərsən ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈrənɪŋ pæst dɪˈfɛndərz ɪn ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ˈmæʧəps, ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz kʊd tɔrʧ əˈpoʊnənts wɪθ ðə dip bɔl ˈfɑloʊɪŋ feɪks. ɪn ə dɪˈvɪʒən wɛr əˈfɛnsɪz reɪn səˈprim, ðə əˈdɪʃən əv ˈpætərsən kʊd hɛlp ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz meɪnˈteɪn ə spɑt nɪr ðə tɔp əv ðə nɔrθ. ˈfɑloʊ ˈbəki brʊks ɔn tˈwɪtər
|
wales forward craig bellamy has confirmed he is to retire from international football.
the cardiff city player will bow out after the upcoming world cup qualifiers against macedonia and belgium.
bellamy, 34, has won 76 caps for wales and scored 19 goals during a international career.
"players come and go and my career has definitely come and gone," the former coventry, newcastle and liverpool striker said.
bellamy leaves big boots to fill "craig decision is no great shock but its impact is huge. even his impressive statistics do not truly reflect his devotion to the cause. as fans question the loyalty of players to their national teams, bellamy has unfailingly shown a fierce determination to play for wales. he admits he's not the easiest player to get along with, but that often comes from craving perfection. he demands high standards of himself and those around him. his international highlight was the unforgettable win over italy in 2002, where bellamy scored the winner. wales have not reached such heights since. that qualification campaign ended in failure, meaning bellamy joined neville southall, ian rush, mark hughes, kevin ratcliffe and ryan as great wales players who never featured in a major tournament finals. bellamy will now concentrate his efforts on ensuring cardiff city's premier league survival. but as a student of the game, a management or coaching career surely beckons. one day bellamy may wear the badge of wales again."
"i have to do what's best for the national team and this group of players are the future. the next qualifiers, years, i'm not going to see it."
he said the current set of talented younger players gave wales a better chance of qualification for euro 2016.
"they have to have a better opportunity of qualifying. i have to cut myself short," he said.
friday's penultimate world cup qualifier against macedonia at cardiff city stadium is set to be final wales appearance on home soil.
and it could be his final cap if he picks up a second yellow card which would see him miss tuesday's qualifier against belgium in brussels through suspension.
he was the first time in wales' defeat by serbia on 10 september.
bellamy says he will not play in the friendly against finland at cardiff city stadium on 16 november.
former wales captain bellamy will go down as one of his country's greats. he is the third welsh player of all time and is fifth on the all-time scorers' chart with 19 goals.
"i'm just grateful for every game i've been lucky enough to play for my country, and i really mean that," bellamy added.
"it's an honour to play for your country at any level at any sport.
"[playing] times, it's been the best. even the disappointments, even the lows, even the times i didn't want to play again because sometimes defeats can do that to you.
"seventy-odd times having that honour like singing the anthem… it's still the best and friday will be the best and hopefully i will get the chance to do it again on tuesday. [it] will be hard to let go.
"my daughter will probably come out with me [before the macedonia game] but it will probably hit me more after it... when you're watching the team."
bellamy made his debut as an in a friendly against jamaica in march 1998, replacing gareth taylor during the second half of a draw at park.
craig bellamy born: 13 july 1979, cardiff clubs: norwich city, coventry city , newcastle united, celtic (loan), blackburn rovers, liverpool (two spells), west ham united, manchester city, cardiff city (two spells) wales debut: v jamaica in 1998 wales caps: 76 wales goals: 19
he scored his first international goal against malta two months later and scored the winner in a euro 2000 qualifier against denmark in october 1998.
his most famous goal for wales was the winner in the famous victory over italy in a euro 2004 qualifier at the millennium stadium in october 2002, a game bellamy considers his best moment in a wales shirt.
one of his most memorable games for wales came when he scored twice in a win in slovakia in september 2007, a display which then manager john described as a performance".
his career has been dogged by on and controversies including being sent off for violent conduct during wales' defeat in belarus in september 2000.
bellamy, whose spell as captain of the national team was during's reign in 2007 to 2011, also represented great britain at the 2012 olympic games.
he came close to retiring from international football following the death of wales manager and close friend gary speed in november 2011.
but the forward, who played in memorial match against costa rica in february 2012, decided to prolong his international career under new manager chris coleman.
however the former manchester city hinted the 2014 world cup qualifying campaign would be his international swansong.
he has even suggested he could retire from football altogether at the end of the season, when his current deal with cardiff city expires.
bellamy revealed in june his ambition to manage wales and cardiff city in the future but added he had a long way to go before stepping into management.
|
weɪlz ˈfɔrwərd kreɪg ˈbɛləmi həz kənˈfərmd hi ɪz tɪ ˌriˈtaɪər frəm ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈfʊtˌbɔl. ðə ˈkɑrdɪf ˈsɪti pleɪər wɪl boʊ aʊt ˈæftər ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ wərld kəp kˈwɑləˌfaɪərz əˈgɛnst ˌmæsəˈdoʊniə ənd ˈbɛlʤəm. ˈbɛləmi, 34 həz wən 76 kæps fər weɪlz ənd skɔrd 19 goʊlz ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kərɪr. "pleɪərz kəm ənd goʊ ənd maɪ kərɪr həz ˈdɛfənətli kəm ənd gɔn," ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈkəvəntri, ˈnuˌkæsəl ənd ˈlɪvərˌpul ˈstraɪkər sɛd. ˈbɛləmi livz bɪg buts tɪ fɪl "kreɪg dɪˈsɪʒən ɪz noʊ greɪt ʃɑk bət ɪts ˌɪmˈpækt ɪz juʤ. ˈivɪn hɪz ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv stəˈtɪstɪks du nɑt ˈtruli rɪˈflɛkt hɪz dɪˈvoʊʃən tɪ ðə kɔz. ɛz fænz kˈwɛʃən ðə ˈlɔɪəlti əv pleɪərz tɪ ðɛr ˈnæʃənəl timz, ˈbɛləmi həz ənˈfeɪlɪŋli ʃoʊn ə fɪrs dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən tɪ pleɪ fər weɪlz. hi ədˈmɪts hiz nɑt ðə ˈiziəst pleɪər tɪ gɪt əˈlɔŋ wɪθ, bət ðət ˈɔfən kəmz frəm ˈkreɪvɪŋ pərˈfɛkʃən. hi dɪˈmændz haɪ ˈstændərdz əv hɪmˈsɛlf ənd ðoʊz əraʊnd ɪm. hɪz ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈhaɪˌlaɪt wɑz ðə ˌənfərˈgɛtəbəl wɪn ˈoʊvər ˈɪtəli ɪn 2002 wɛr ˈbɛləmi skɔrd ðə ˈwɪnər. weɪlz hæv nɑt riʧt səʧ haɪts sɪns. ðət kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃən kæmˈpeɪn ˈɛndɪd ɪn ˈfeɪljər, ˈminɪŋ ˈbɛləmi ʤɔɪnd ˈnɛvɪl ˈsaʊθəl, ˈiən rəʃ, mɑrk juz, ˈkɛvɪn ˈrætklɪf ənd raɪən ɛz greɪt weɪlz pleɪərz hu ˈnɛvər ˈfiʧərd ɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈfaɪnəlz. ˈbɛləmi wɪl naʊ ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt hɪz ˈɛfərts ɔn ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ˈkɑrdɪf ˈsɪtiz prɛˈmɪr lig sərˈvaɪvəl. bət ɛz ə ˈstudənt əv ðə geɪm, ə ˈmænɪʤmənt ər ˈkoʊʧɪŋ kərɪr ˈʃʊrli ˈbɛkənz. wən deɪ ˈbɛləmi meɪ wɛr ðə bæʤ əv weɪlz əˈgɛn." "aɪ hæv tɪ du wəts bɛst fər ðə ˈnæʃənəl tim ənd ðɪs grup əv pleɪərz ər ðə fˈjuʧər. ðə nɛkst kˈwɑləˌfaɪərz, jɪrz, əm nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ si ɪt." hi sɛd ðə ˈkɑrənt sɛt əv ˈtæləntɪd ˈjəŋgər pleɪərz geɪv weɪlz ə ˈbɛtər ʧæns əv kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃən fər ˈjʊrə 2016 "ðeɪ hæv tɪ hæv ə ˈbɛtər ˌɑpərˈtunəti əv kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ. aɪ hæv tɪ kət ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ʃɔrt," hi sɛd. ˈfraɪˌdeɪz pɛˈnəltəmət wərld kəp kˈwɑləˌfaɪər əˈgɛnst ˌmæsəˈdoʊniə æt ˈkɑrdɪf ˈsɪti ˈsteɪdiəm ɪz sɛt tɪ bi ˈfaɪnəl weɪlz əˈpɪrəns ɔn hoʊm sɔɪl. ənd ɪt kʊd bi hɪz ˈfaɪnəl kæp ɪf hi pɪks əp ə ˈsɛkənd ˈjɛloʊ kɑrd wɪʧ wʊd si ɪm mɪs ˈtuzˌdeɪz kˈwɑləˌfaɪər əˈgɛnst ˈbɛlʤəm ɪn ˈbrəsəlz θru səˈspɛnʃən. hi wɑz ðə fərst taɪm ɪn weɪlz' dɪˈfit baɪ ˈsərbiə ɔn 10 sɛpˈtɛmbər. ˈbɛləmi sɪz hi wɪl nɑt pleɪ ɪn ðə ˈfrɛndli əˈgɛnst ˈfɪnˌlænd æt ˈkɑrdɪf ˈsɪti ˈsteɪdiəm ɔn 16 noʊˈvɛmbər. ˈfɔrmər weɪlz ˈkæptən ˈbɛləmi wɪl goʊ daʊn ɛz wən əv hɪz ˈkəntriz greɪts. hi ɪz ðə θərd wɛlʧ pleɪər əv ɔl taɪm ənd ɪz fɪθ ɔn ðə ˌɔlˈtaɪm ˈskɔrərz' ʧɑrt wɪθ 19 goʊlz. "əm ʤɪst ˈgreɪtfəl fər ˈɛvəri geɪm aɪv bɪn ˈləki ɪˈnəf tɪ pleɪ fər maɪ ˈkəntri, ənd aɪ ˈrɪli min ðət," ˈbɛləmi ˈædɪd. "ɪts ən ˈɑnər tɪ pleɪ fər jʊr ˈkəntri æt ˈɛni ˈlɛvəl æt ˈɛni spɔrt. "[pleɪɪŋ] taɪmz, ɪts bɪn ðə bɛst. ˈivɪn ðə dɪsəˈpɔɪntmənts, ˈivɪn ðə loʊz, ˈivɪn ðə taɪmz aɪ ˈdɪdənt wɔnt tɪ pleɪ əˈgɛn bɪˈkəz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz dɪˈfits kən du ðət tɪ ju. taɪmz ˈhævɪŋ ðət ˈɑnər laɪk ˈsɪŋɪŋ ðə anthem…*… ɪts stɪl ðə bɛst ənd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ wɪl bi ðə bɛst ənd ˈhoʊpfəli aɪ wɪl gɪt ðə ʧæns tɪ du ɪt əˈgɛn ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ. [ɪt] wɪl bi hɑrd tɪ lɛt goʊ. "maɪ ˈdɔtər wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli kəm aʊt wɪθ mi [ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌmæsəˈdoʊniə geɪm] bət ɪt wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli hɪt mi mɔr ˈæftər ɪt... wɪn jʊr ˈwɑʧɪŋ ðə tim." ˈbɛləmi meɪd hɪz ˈdeɪbju ɛz ən ɪn ə ˈfrɛndli əˈgɛnst ʤəˈmeɪkə ɪn mɑrʧ 1998 rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ ˈgɛrɪθ ˈteɪlər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɛkənd hæf əv ə drɔ æt pɑrk. kreɪg ˈbɛləmi bɔrn: 13 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1979 ˈkɑrdɪf kləbz: ˈnɔrwɪʧ ˈsɪti, ˈkəvəntri ˈsɪti ˈnuˌkæsəl juˈnaɪtɪd, ˈsɛltɪk (loʊn), ˈblækbərn ˈroʊvərz, ˈlɪvərˌpul (tu spɛlz), wɛst hæm juˈnaɪtɪd, ˈmænˌʧɛstər ˈsɪti, ˈkɑrdɪf ˈsɪti (tu spɛlz) weɪlz ˈdeɪbju: vi ʤəˈmeɪkə ɪn 1998 weɪlz kæps: 76 weɪlz goʊlz: 19 hi skɔrd hɪz fərst ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl goʊl əˈgɛnst ˈmɔltə tu mənθs ˈleɪtər ənd skɔrd ðə ˈwɪnər ɪn ə ˈjʊrə 2000 kˈwɑləˌfaɪər əˈgɛnst ˈdɛnˌmɑrk ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 1998 hɪz moʊst ˈfeɪməs goʊl fər weɪlz wɑz ðə ˈwɪnər ɪn ðə ˈfeɪməs ˈvɪktəri ˈoʊvər ˈɪtəli ɪn ə ˈjʊrə 2004 kˈwɑləˌfaɪər æt ðə məˈlɛniəm ˈsteɪdiəm ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 2002 ə geɪm ˈbɛləmi kənˈsɪdərz hɪz bɛst ˈmoʊmənt ɪn ə weɪlz ʃərt. wən əv hɪz moʊst ˈmɛmərəbəl geɪmz fər weɪlz keɪm wɪn hi skɔrd twaɪs ɪn ə wɪn ɪn sˌloʊˈvɑˌkiə ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2007 ə dɪˈspleɪ wɪʧ ðɛn ˈmænɪʤər ʤɑn dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə pərˈfɔrməns". hɪz kərɪr həz bɪn dɔgd baɪ ɔn ənd ˈkɑntrəˌvərsiz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ biɪŋ sɛnt ɔf fər ˈvaɪələnt ˈkɑndəkt ˈdʊrɪŋ weɪlz' dɪˈfit ɪn ˌbɛlɑˈrʊs ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2000 ˈbɛləmi, huz spɛl ɛz ˈkæptən əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl tim wɑz ˈdʊrɪŋ reɪn ɪn 2007 tɪ 2011 ˈɔlsoʊ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd greɪt ˈbrɪtən æt ðə 2012 oʊˈlɪmpɪk geɪmz. hi keɪm kloʊz tɪ rɪˈtaɪrɪŋ frəm ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə dɛθ əv weɪlz ˈmænɪʤər ənd kloʊz frɛnd ˈgɛri spid ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 2011 bət ðə ˈfɔrwərd, hu pleɪd ɪn məˈmɔriəl mæʧ əˈgɛnst ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikə ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2012 ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ prəˈlɔŋ hɪz ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kərɪr ˈəndər nu ˈmænɪʤər krɪs ˈkoʊlmən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈmænˌʧɛstər ˈsɪti ˈhɪnɪd ðə 2014 wərld kəp kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn wʊd bi hɪz ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl swansong*. hi həz ˈivɪn səˈʤɛstɪd hi kʊd ˌriˈtaɪər frəm ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˌɔltəˈgɛðər æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈsizən, wɪn hɪz ˈkɑrənt dil wɪθ ˈkɑrdɪf ˈsɪti ɪkˈspaɪərz. ˈbɛləmi rɪˈvild ɪn ʤun hɪz æmˈbɪʃən tɪ ˈmænɪʤ weɪlz ənd ˈkɑrdɪf ˈsɪti ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər bət ˈædɪd hi hæd ə lɔŋ weɪ tɪ goʊ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈstɛpɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈmænɪʤmənt.
|
back in january i received an email from dara albright, the founder of media, and a well-known conference organizer. she thought it was time for a conference focused on lending. this was quite serendipitous because one of my goals in 2013 was to put on some kind of conference. so we joined forces.
today, we are both delighted to announce that the conference is now open for registrations. it will be on june at the convene innovation center in new york city. before i go any further i imagine you have a couple of questions. like what is this conference about exactly and who is it for?
there is a full preliminary agenda on the website. while lending will be a large part of the conference our focus is going to be broader than that. of course i still believe that lending is a fantastic investment opportunity but i am not blind to other types of alternative online investments. one that i am becoming increasingly enamored with is small business lending, something that has been around for centuries, but that has only recently migrated online. student loans are also an interesting investment with a total market size far exceeding credit card debt.
so, the focus will be on investing, more specifically online lending be it to consumers, small business or students. for the first time we are bringing together the leaders in online lending for a one day conference.
learn how online lending will replace the banking system
while we are still working on the final speaker lineup i can tell you this. the morning keynote will be given by renaud laplanche, ceo of lending club, where he will reveal how he believes online lending will eventually replace the banking system. other confirmed speakers are ron suber, head of institutional sales at prosper, candace klein, ceo of somolend, matt symons, ceo of in australia, samir desai, ceo of funding circle in the uk, david klein, ceo of and many more.
i am not going to lie to you. if you are just looking for the latest ideas on filtering loans at lending club or prosper then this conference is probably not for you. but if you want to meet the leaders of this industry and learn the trends that are shaping its future then there is no better place to be on june than in new york city.
special discount for lend academy readers
the retail price to attend this one day conference is $495. however, if you act fast and are one of the first 50 people to register than the price is only $295. but if you are a lend academy reader you get a special discount. just enter the code into the promotion code field on the registration page and you will receive a 25% discount.
finally, i would like to thank everyone who has helped us on our journey so far. you have helped name the conference, choose the logo and now you can participate. i hope to see you at on june.
here is our official press release that just went out this morning.
|
bæk ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri aɪ rɪˈsivd ən iˈmeɪl frəm ˈdærə ˈɔlˌbraɪt, ðə ˈfaʊndər əv ˈmidiə, ənd ə ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ˈkɑnfərəns ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzər. ʃi θɔt ɪt wɑz taɪm fər ə ˈkɑnfərəns ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈlɛndɪŋ. ðɪs wɑz kwaɪt ˌsɛrənˈdɪpɪtəs bɪˈkəz wən əv maɪ goʊlz ɪn 2013 wɑz tɪ pʊt ɔn səm kaɪnd əv ˈkɑnfərəns. soʊ wi ʤɔɪnd ˈfɔrsɪz. təˈdeɪ, wi ər boʊθ dɪˈlaɪtɪd tɪ əˈnaʊns ðət ðə ˈkɑnfərəns ɪz naʊ ˈoʊpən fər ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃənz. ɪt wɪl bi ɔn ʤun æt ðə kənˈvin ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ˈsɛnər ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti. ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ goʊ ˈɛni ˈfərðər aɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ju hæv ə ˈkəpəl əv kˈwɛsʧənz. laɪk wət ɪz ðɪs ˈkɑnfərəns əˈbaʊt ɪgˈzæktli ənd hu ɪz ɪt fər? ðɛr ɪz ə fʊl prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri əˈʤɛndə ɔn ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. waɪl ˈlɛndɪŋ wɪl bi ə lɑrʤ pɑrt əv ðə ˈkɑnfərəns ɑr ˈfoʊkɪs ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈbrɔdər ðən ðət. əv kɔrs aɪ stɪl bɪˈliv ðət ˈlɛndɪŋ ɪz ə fænˈtæstɪk ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˌɑpərˈtunəti bət aɪ æm nɑt blaɪnd tɪ ˈəðər taɪps əv ɔlˈtərnətɪv ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts. wən ðət aɪ æm bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ɛˈnæmərd wɪθ ɪz smɔl ˈbɪznɪs ˈlɛndɪŋ, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət həz bɪn əraʊnd fər ˈsɛnʧəriz, bət ðət həz ˈoʊnli ˈrisəntli ˈmaɪˌgreɪtɪd ˈɔnˌlaɪn. ˈstudənt loʊnz ər ˈɔlsoʊ ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt wɪθ ə ˈtoʊtəl ˈmɑrkɪt saɪz fɑr ɪkˈsidɪŋ ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd dɛt. soʊ, ðə ˈfoʊkɪs wɪl bi ɔn ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ, mɔr spəˈsɪfɪkli ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈlɛndɪŋ bi ɪt tɪ kənˈsumərz, smɔl ˈbɪznɪs ər ˈstudənts. fər ðə fərst taɪm wi ər ˈbrɪŋɪŋ təˈgɛðər ðə ˈlidərz ɪn ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈlɛndɪŋ fər ə wən deɪ ˈkɑnfərəns. lərn haʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈlɛndɪŋ wɪl ˌriˈpleɪs ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈsɪstəm waɪl wi ər stɪl ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈspikər ˈlaɪˌnəp aɪ kən tɛl ju ðɪs. ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈkiˌnoʊt wɪl bi ˈgɪvɪn baɪ rɪˈnoʊ laplanche*, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ˈlɛndɪŋ kləb, wɛr hi wɪl rɪˈvil haʊ hi bɪˈlivz ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈlɛndɪŋ wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˌriˈpleɪs ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈsɪstəm. ˈəðər kənˈfərmd ˈspikərz ər rɑn ˈsubər, hɛd əv ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl seɪlz æt ˈprɑspər, ˈkændəs klaɪn, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv somolend*, mæt ˈsɪmənz, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, səˈmɪr deɪˈsɑi, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ˈfəndɪŋ ˈsərkəl ɪn ðə uk*, ˈdeɪvɪd klaɪn, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ənd ˈmɛni mɔr. aɪ æm nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ laɪ tɪ ju. ɪf ju ər ʤɪst ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðə ˈleɪtəst aɪˈdiəz ɔn ˈfɪltərɪŋ loʊnz æt ˈlɛndɪŋ kləb ər ˈprɑspər ðɛn ðɪs ˈkɑnfərəns ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt fər ju. bət ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ mit ðə ˈlidərz əv ðɪs ˈɪndəstri ənd lərn ðə trɛnz ðət ər ˈʃeɪpɪŋ ɪts fˈjuʧər ðɛn ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈbɛtər pleɪs tɪ bi ɔn ʤun ðən ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti. ˈspɛʃəl ˈdɪskaʊnt fər lɛnd əˈkædəmi ˈridərz ðə ˈriˌteɪl praɪs tɪ əˈtɛnd ðɪs wən deɪ ˈkɑnfərəns ɪz 495 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪf ju ækt fæst ənd ər wən əv ðə fərst 50 ˈpipəl tɪ ˈrɛʤɪstər ðən ðə praɪs ɪz ˈoʊnli 295 bət ɪf ju ər ə lɛnd əˈkædəmi ˈridər ju gɪt ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈdɪskaʊnt. ʤɪst ˈɛnər ðə koʊd ˈɪntu ðə pərˈmoʊʃən koʊd fild ɔn ðə ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən peɪʤ ənd ju wɪl rɪˈsiv ə 25 ˈdɪskaʊnt. ˈfaɪnəli, aɪ wʊd laɪk tɪ θæŋk ˈɛvriˌwən hu həz hɛlpt ˈjuˈɛs ɔn ɑr ˈʤərni soʊ fɑr. ju hæv hɛlpt neɪm ðə ˈkɑnfərəns, ʧuz ðə ˈloʊgoʊ ənd naʊ ju kən pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt. aɪ hoʊp tɪ si ju æt ɔn ʤun. hir ɪz ɑr əˈfɪʃəl prɛs riˈlis ðət ʤɪst wɛnt aʊt ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ.
|
photo
the well column tara on living well.
from the archives.
when i first heard former president bill clinton talk about his vegan diet, i was inspired to make the switch myself. after all, if a man with a penchant for burgers and southern cooking could go vegan, surely i could too.
at the grocery store, i stocked up on vegan foods, including almond milk (that was the presidential recommendation), and faux turkey and cheese to replicate my favorite sandwich. but despite my good intentions, my attempt to give up, well, turkey (as well as other meats, dairy and eggs) go well. my daughter and i stand the taste of almond milk, and the fake meat and cheese were unappealing.
since then, spoken with numerous vegan chefs and diners who say it can be a challenge to change a lifetime of eating habits overnight. they offer the following advice for stocking your vegan pantry and finding replacements for key foods like cheese and other dairy products.
nondairy milk taste all of them to find your favorite. coconut and almond milks (particularly canned coconut milk) are thicker and good to use in cooking, while rice milk is thinner and is good for people who are allergic to nuts or soy. my daughter and i both prefer the taste of soy milk and use it in regular or vanilla flavor for fruit and breakfast cereal.
nondairy cheese cheese substitutes are available under the brand names daiya, and follow your heart, among others, but many vegans say no fake cheese that satisfies as well as the real thing. rather than use a packaged product, vegan chefs prefer to make homemade substitutes using cashews, tofu, or nutritional yeast. at candle 79, a popular new york vegan restaurant, the filling for saffron ravioli with wild mushrooms and cashew cheese is made with cashews soaked overnight and then blended with lemon juice, olive oil, water and salt.
think creamy, not cheesy and richness can often be achieved without a cheese substitute. for instance, chloe, a vegan chef and the author of “chloe’s kitchen,” has created a pizza with caramelized onion and squash that will make you forget it have cheese; the secret is and garlic purée. she also offers a creamy, but dairy-free, avocado pasta. my daughter and i have discovered we actually prefer the rich flavor of squash ravioli, which can be found frozen and fresh in supermarkets, to ravioli.
nutritional yeast the name is unappetizing, but many vegan chefs swear by it: a natural food with a roasted, nutty, flavor. ms. uses nutritional yeast flakes in her “best ever” baked macaroni and cheese (found in her cookbook). “i’ve served this to cheese lovers,” she told me, “and everyone agrees it is comparable, if not better.”
susan web site, fat free vegan kitchen, offers a nice primer on nutritional yeast, noting that a fungus (think mushrooms!) that is grown on molasses and then harvested and dried with heat. (baking yeast is an entirely different product.) nutritional yeasts can be an acquired taste, she said, so start with small amounts, sprinkling on popcorn, stirring into mashed potatoes, grinding with almonds for a parmesan substitute or combining with tofu to make an omelet. it can be found in whole foods, in the bulk aisle of markets or online.
butter this is an easy fix. vegan like earth balance are made from a blend of oils and are free of trans fats. varieties include soy-free, whipped and olive oil.
eggs ms., who won the food cupcake wars with vegan cupcakes, says vinegar and baking soda can help baked goods bind together and rise, creating a moist and fluffy cake without eggs. cornstarch can substitute for eggs to thicken puddings and sauces. vegan pancakes are made with a tablespoon of baking powder instead of eggs. and omelets can be replicated with tofu.
finally, try to replicate your favorite meaty foods right away. if you love a juicy hamburger, meatloaf or ham sandwich, you are not going to find a version that tastes the same. ms. voisin advises new vegans to start slow and eat a few vegan meals a week. stock your pantry with lots of grains, lentils and beans and pile your plate with vegetables. to a recipe, start with a dish that is mostly vegan already like spaghetti and use vegetables or a meat substitute for the sauce.
“trying to recapture something and find an exact substitute is really hard,” she said. “a lot of people will try a vegetarian meatloaf right after they become vegetarian, and they hate it. but after you get away from eating meat for a while, find you start to develop other tastes, and the flavor of a lentil loaf with seasonings will taste great to you. it taste like meat loaf, but appreciate it for itself.”
ms. voisin notes that she became a vegetarian and then vegan while living in a small town in south carolina; she now lives in jackson, miss.
“if i can be a vegan in these places, you can do it anywhere,” she said. “i think people who try to do it all at once overnight are more apt to fail. a learning process.”
|
ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ðə wɛl ˈkɑləm ˈtɛrə ɔn ˈlɪvɪŋ wɛl. frəm ðə ˈɑrˌkaɪvz. wɪn aɪ fərst hərd ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt bɪl ˈklɪntən tɔk əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈvɛgən daɪət, aɪ wɑz ˌɪnˈspaɪərd tɪ meɪk ðə swɪʧ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ˈæftər ɔl, ɪf ə mæn wɪθ ə ˈpɛnʧənt fər ˈbərgərz ənd ˈsəðərn ˈkʊkɪŋ kʊd goʊ ˈvɛgən, ˈʃʊrli aɪ kʊd tu. æt ðə ˈgroʊsəri stɔr, aɪ stɑkt əp ɔn ˈvɛgən fudz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈɑmənd mɪlk (ðət wɑz ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃən), ənd foʊ ˈtərki ənd ʧiz tɪ ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈsænwɪʧ. bət dɪˈspaɪt maɪ gʊd ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz, maɪ əˈtɛmpt tɪ gɪv əp, wɛl, ˈtərki (ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈəðər mits, ˈdɛri ənd ɛgz) goʊ wɛl. maɪ ˈdɔtər ənd aɪ stænd ðə teɪst əv ˈɑmənd mɪlk, ənd ðə feɪk mit ənd ʧiz wər ˌənəˈpilɪŋ. sɪns ðɛn, ˈspoʊkən wɪθ ˈnumərəs ˈvɛgən ʃɛfs ənd ˈdaɪnərz hu seɪ ɪt kən bi ə ˈʧælənʤ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əv ˈitɪŋ ˈhæbəts ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt. ðeɪ ˈɔfər ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ədˈvaɪs fər ˈstɑkɪŋ jʊr ˈvɛgən ˈpæntri ənd ˈfaɪndɪŋ riˈpleɪsmənts fər ki fudz laɪk ʧiz ənd ˈəðər ˈdɛri ˈprɑdəkts. mɪlk teɪst ɔl əv ðɛm tɪ faɪnd jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt. ˈkoʊkəˌnət ənd ˈɑmənd mɪlks (ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli kænd ˈkoʊkəˌnət mɪlk) ər ˈθɪkər ənd gʊd tɪ juz ɪn ˈkʊkɪŋ, waɪl raɪs mɪlk ɪz ˈθɪnər ənd ɪz gʊd fər ˈpipəl hu ər əˈlərʤɪk tɪ nəts ər sɔɪ. maɪ ˈdɔtər ənd aɪ boʊθ prɪˈfər ðə teɪst əv sɔɪ mɪlk ənd juz ɪt ɪn ˈrɛgjələr ər vəˈnɪlə ˈfleɪvər fər frut ənd ˈbrɛkfəst ˈsɪriəl. ʧiz ʧiz ˈsəbstəˌtuts ər əˈveɪləbəl ˈəndər ðə brænd neɪmz daiya*, ənd ˈfɑloʊ jʊr hɑrt, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz, bət ˈmɛni ˈvɛgənz seɪ noʊ feɪk ʧiz ðət ˈsætɪsˌfaɪz ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ril θɪŋ. ˈrəðər ðən juz ə ˈpækɪʤd ˈprɑdəkt, ˈvɛgən ʃɛfs prɪˈfər tɪ meɪk ˈhoʊˈmeɪd ˈsəbstəˌtuts ˈjuzɪŋ ˈkæˌʃuz, ˈtoʊfu, ər nuˈtrɪʃənəl jist. æt ˈkændəl 79 ə ˈpɑpjələr nu jɔrk ˈvɛgən ˈrɛˌstrɑnt, ðə ˈfɪlɪŋ fər ˈsæfrən ˌræviˈoʊli wɪθ waɪld ˈməʃrumz ənd ˈkæˌʃu ʧiz ɪz meɪd wɪθ ˈkæˌʃuz soʊkt ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt ənd ðɛn ˈblɛndɪd wɪθ ˈlɛmən ʤus, ˈɑlɪv ɔɪl, ˈwɔtər ənd sɔlt. θɪŋk ˈkrimi, nɑt ˈʧizi ənd ˈrɪʧnəs kən ˈɔfən bi əˈʧivd wɪˈθaʊt ə ʧiz ˈsəbstəˌtut. fər ˈɪnstəns, kloʊi, ə ˈvɛgən ʃɛf ənd ðə ˈɔθər əv kitchen,”*,” həz kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˈpitsə wɪθ ˈkɛrəməˌlaɪzd ˈənjən ənd skwɑʃ ðət wɪl meɪk ju fərˈgɛt ɪt hæv ʧiz; ðə ˈsikrɪt ɪz ənd ˈgɑrlɪk purée*. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔfərz ə ˈkrimi, bət dairy-free*, ˌævəˈkɑdoʊ ˈpɑstə. maɪ ˈdɔtər ənd aɪ hæv dɪˈskəvərd wi ˈæˌkʧuəli prɪˈfər ðə rɪʧ ˈfleɪvər əv skwɑʃ ˌræviˈoʊli, wɪʧ kən bi faʊnd ˈfroʊzən ənd frɛʃ ɪn ˈsupərˌmɑrkɪts, tɪ ˌræviˈoʊli. nuˈtrɪʃənəl jist ðə neɪm ɪz ˌəˈnæpɪˌtaɪzɪŋ, bət ˈmɛni ˈvɛgən ʃɛfs swɛr baɪ ɪt: ə ˈnæʧərəl fud wɪθ ə ˈroʊstɪd, ˈnəti, ˈfleɪvər. mɪz. ˈjuzɪz nuˈtrɪʃənəl jist fleɪks ɪn hər ever”*” beɪkt ˌmækərˈoʊni ənd ʧiz (faʊnd ɪn hər ˈkʊkˌbʊk). sərvd ðɪs tɪ ʧiz lovers,”*,” ʃi toʊld mi, ˈɛvriˌwən əˈgriz ɪt ɪz ˈkɑmprəbəl, ɪf nɑt better.”*.” ˈsuzən wɛb saɪt, fæt fri ˈvɛgən ˈkɪʧən, ˈɔfərz ə nis ˈpraɪmər ɔn nuˈtrɪʃənəl jist, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ə ˈfəŋgəs (θɪŋk ˈməʃrumz!) ðət ɪz groʊn ɔn məˈlæsəz ənd ðɛn ˈhɑrvəstɪd ənd draɪd wɪθ hit. (ˈbeɪkɪŋ jist ɪz ən ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈdɪfərənt ˈprɑdəkt.) nuˈtrɪʃənəl jists kən bi ən əkˈwaɪərd teɪst, ʃi sɛd, soʊ stɑrt wɪθ smɔl əˈmaʊnts, ˈsprɪŋkəlɪŋ ɔn ˈpɑpˌkɔrn, stərɪŋ ˈɪntu mæʃt pəˈteɪtoʊz, ˈgraɪndɪŋ wɪθ ˈɑlməndz fər ə ˈpɑrməˌzɑn ˈsəbstəˌtut ər kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ wɪθ ˈtoʊfu tɪ meɪk ən ˈɑmlət. ɪt kən bi faʊnd ɪn hoʊl fudz, ɪn ðə bəlk aɪəl əv ˈmɑrkɪts ər ˈɔnˌlaɪn. ˈbətər ðɪs ɪz ən ˈizi fɪks. ˈvɛgən laɪk ərθ ˈbæləns ər meɪd frəm ə blɛnd əv ɔɪlz ənd ər fri əv trænz fæts. vərˈaɪətiz ˌɪnˈklud soy-free*, wɪpt ənd ˈɑlɪv ɔɪl. ɛgz mɪz., hu wən ðə fud ˈkəpˌkeɪk wɔrz wɪθ ˈvɛgən ˈkəpˌkeɪks, sɪz ˈvɪnəgər ənd ˈbeɪkɪŋ ˈsoʊdə kən hɛlp beɪkt gʊdz baɪnd təˈgɛðər ənd raɪz, kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə mɔɪst ənd ˈfləfi keɪk wɪˈθaʊt ɛgz. ˈkɔrnˌstɑrʧ kən ˈsəbstəˌtut fər ɛgz tɪ ˈθɪkən ˈpʊdɪŋz ənd ˈsɔsɪz. ˈvɛgən ˈpænˌkeɪks ər meɪd wɪθ ə ˈteɪbəlˌspun əv ˈbeɪkɪŋ ˈpaʊdər ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ɛgz. ənd ˈɑmləts kən bi ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪtɪd wɪθ ˈtoʊfu. ˈfaɪnəli, traɪ tɪ ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈmiti fudz raɪt əˈweɪ. ɪf ju ləv ə ˈʤusi ˈhæmbərgər, ˈmitloʊf ər hæm ˈsænwɪʧ, ju ər nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ faɪnd ə ˈvərʒən ðət teɪsts ðə seɪm. mɪz. vɔɪˈzæn ædˈvaɪzɪz nu ˈvɛgənz tɪ stɑrt sloʊ ənd it ə fju ˈvɛgən milz ə wik. stɑk jʊr ˈpæntri wɪθ lɑts əv greɪnz, ˈlɛntəlz ənd binz ənd paɪl jʊr pleɪt wɪθ ˈvɛʤtəbəlz. tɪ ə ˈrɛsəpi, stɑrt wɪθ ə dɪʃ ðət ɪz ˈmoʊstli ˈvɛgən ɔˈrɛdi laɪk spəˈgɛti ənd juz ˈvɛʤtəbəlz ər ə mit ˈsəbstəˌtut fər ðə sɔs. tɪ riˈkæpʧər ˈsəmθɪŋ ənd faɪnd ən ɪgˈzækt ˈsəbstəˌtut ɪz ˈrɪli hard,”*,” ʃi sɛd. lɔt əv ˈpipəl wɪl traɪ ə ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən ˈmitloʊf raɪt ˈæftər ðeɪ bɪˈkəm ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən, ənd ðeɪ heɪt ɪt. bət ˈæftər ju gɪt əˈweɪ frəm ˈitɪŋ mit fər ə waɪl, faɪnd ju stɑrt tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ˈəðər teɪsts, ənd ðə ˈfleɪvər əv ə ˈlɛntəl loʊf wɪθ ˈsizənɪŋz wɪl teɪst greɪt tɪ ju. ɪt teɪst laɪk mit loʊf, bət əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ɪt fər itself.”*.” mɪz. vɔɪˈzæn noʊts ðət ʃi bɪˈkeɪm ə ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən ənd ðɛn ˈvɛgən waɪl ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ə smɔl taʊn ɪn saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə; ʃi naʊ lɪvz ɪn ˈʤæksən, mɪs. aɪ kən bi ə ˈvɛgən ɪn ðiz ˈpleɪsɪz, ju kən du ɪt anywhere,”*,” ʃi sɛd. θɪŋk ˈpipəl hu traɪ tɪ du ɪt ɔl æt wəns ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt ər mɔr æpt tɪ feɪl. ə ˈlərnɪŋ process.”*.”
|
share
apple looks to leave 2015 on somewhat of a sour note, as the company was recently hit with a lawsuit, with the iphone and ios 9 at the heart of it all, reports appleinsider.
the main issue, according to plaintiff chaim lerman and other iphone customers, is that apple crippled the performance after upgrading to ios 9. more specifically, after upgrading to ios 9, lerman and the other plaintiffs noticed a sharp decrease in performance in apps and own applications, such as the phone app.
apple’s website for ios 9 advertises “faster performance, improved security, convenient updates, and longer battery life.”
as evidence for the latter, the lawsuit points to website for ios 9, which advertises “faster performance, improved security, convenient updates, and longer battery life.” furthering the point is the plaintiffs’ accusation that apple must have known about the iphone’ slower performance on ios 9, yet warn owners about such a pitfall. according to the plaintiffs, apple stands to financially benefit from not warning iphone owners due to customers readily upgrading to a newer iphone when given a choice.
in short, the plaintiffs accuse apple of planned obsolescence, a policy where companies knowingly design products that become over a set period of time.
lerman and the more than 100 other plaintiffs are asking over $5 million in damages, with an option to treble, which triples the amount being asked for. no hearings have been set, with new york district judge sterling johnson jr. presiding over the case.
unfortunately for the suing party, a previous 2011 lawsuit regarding planned obsolescence and the ios 4 update for the iphone was thrown out by the judge. in that case, the judge ruled that ios 4 was not a good or a service, while also dismissing claims of false advertising and deceptive business practices. in other words, while time has certainly passed and the current case does have a different judge presiding over it, history is not on the plaintiffs’ side.
|
ʃɛr ˈæpəl lʊks tɪ liv 2015 ɔn ˈsəmˈwət əv ə saʊər noʊt, ɛz ðə ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈrisəntli hɪt wɪθ ə ˈlɔˌsut, wɪθ ðə ˈaɪˌfoʊn ənd ˈioʊs 9 æt ðə hɑrt əv ɪt ɔl, rɪˈpɔrts appleinsider*. ðə meɪn ˈɪʃu, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈpleɪnəf haɪɪm ˈlɛrmən ənd ˈəðər ˈaɪˌfoʊn ˈkəstəmərz, ɪz ðət ˈæpəl ˈkrɪpəld ðə pərˈfɔrməns ˈæftər ˈəpˌgreɪdɪŋ tɪ ˈioʊs 9 mɔr spəˈsɪfɪkli, ˈæftər ˈəpˌgreɪdɪŋ tɪ ˈioʊs 9 ˈlɛrmən ənd ðə ˈəðər ˈpleɪnɪfs ˈnoʊtɪst ə ʃɑrp ˈdiˌkris ɪn pərˈfɔrməns ɪn æps ənd oʊn ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, səʧ ɛz ðə foʊn æp. ˈwɛbˌsaɪt fər ˈioʊs 9 ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪz pərˈfɔrməns, ˌɪmˈpruvd sɪˈkjʊrəti, kənˈvinjənt ˈəpˌdeɪts, ənd ˈlɔŋgər ˈbætəri life.”*.” ɛz ˈɛvədəns fər ðə ˈlætər, ðə ˈlɔˌsut pɔɪnts tɪ ˈwɛbˌsaɪt fər ˈioʊs 9 wɪʧ ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪz pərˈfɔrməns, ˌɪmˈpruvd sɪˈkjʊrəti, kənˈvinjənt ˈəpˌdeɪts, ənd ˈlɔŋgər ˈbætəri life.”*.” ˈfərðərɪŋ ðə pɔɪnt ɪz ðə plaintiffs’*’ ˌækjəˈzeɪʃən ðət ˈæpəl məst hæv noʊn əˈbaʊt ðə ˈaɪˌfoʊn 4s’*’ sloʊər pərˈfɔrməns ɔn ˈioʊs 9 jɛt wɔrn ˈoʊnərz əˈbaʊt səʧ ə ˈpɪtˌfɔl. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈpleɪnɪfs, ˈæpəl stændz tɪ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm nɑt ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈaɪˌfoʊn ˈoʊnərz du tɪ ˈkəstəmərz ˈrɛdəli ˈəpˌgreɪdɪŋ tɪ ə nuər ˈaɪˌfoʊn wɪn ˈgɪvɪn ə ʧɔɪs. ɪn ʃɔrt, ðə ˈpleɪnɪfs əˈkjuz ˈæpəl əv plænd ˌɑbsəˈlɛsəns, ə ˈpɑləsi wɛr ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈnoʊɪŋli dɪˈzaɪn ˈprɑdəkts ðət bɪˈkəm ˈoʊvər ə sɛt ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm. ˈlɛrmən ənd ðə mɔr ðən 100 ˈəðər ˈpleɪnɪfs ər ˈæskɪŋ ˈoʊvər 5 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈdæmɪʤɪz, wɪθ ən ˈɔpʃən tɪ ˈtrɛbəl, wɪʧ ˈtrɪpəlz ðə əˈmaʊnt biɪŋ æst fər. noʊ ˈhirɪŋz hæv bɪn sɛt, wɪθ nu jɔrk ˈdɪstrɪkt ʤəʤ ˈstərlɪŋ ˈʤɑnsən jr*. prɪˈzaɪdɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə keɪs. ənˈfɔrʧənətli fər ðə suɪŋ ˈpɑrti, ə ˈpriviəs 2011 ˈlɔˌsut rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ plænd ˌɑbsəˈlɛsəns ənd ðə ˈioʊs 4 ˈəpˌdeɪt fər ðə ˈaɪˌfoʊn wɑz θroʊn aʊt baɪ ðə ʤəʤ. ɪn ðət keɪs, ðə ʤəʤ ruld ðət ˈioʊs 4 wɑz nɑt ə gʊd ər ə ˈsərvɪs, waɪl ˈɔlsoʊ dɪsˈmɪsɪŋ kleɪmz əv fɔls ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ənd dɪˈsɛptɪv ˈbɪznɪs ˈpræktɪsɪz. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, waɪl taɪm həz ˈsərtənli pæst ənd ðə ˈkɑrənt keɪs dɪz hæv ə ˈdɪfərənt ʤəʤ prɪˈzaɪdɪŋ ˈoʊvər ɪt, ˈhɪstəri ɪz nɑt ɔn ðə plaintiffs’*’ saɪd.
|
the mother and uncle of a canadian woman killed 14 years ago have been ordered extradited to india in stand trial in her alleged "honour killing".
malkit sidhu and singh are accused of ordering the murder after sidhu, 25, married a driver.
she was killed in punjab in june 2000 after she travelled there to reunite with her husband.
the family has denied involvement in death and may appeal.
several people have already been convicted of the killing in india.
'campaign of terror'
her mother and uncle were arrested in 2012 on charges of conspiracy to commit murder.
on friday, british columbia supreme court justice gregory fitch ordered the two to be extradited to india to faces charges there.
jaswinder sidhu secretly married sidhu instead of the wealthy, older man her family reportedly preferred.
she fled to india to reunite with her husband a few months after her family learned of the marriage.
soon after, the couple were attacked while on a motor scooter - he was beaten and she was killed.
prosecutors alleged mr had made hundreds of calls to the men eventually convicted of the murder, first starting after her marriage became public, according to the vancouver sun.
lawyers for the pair admitted the family was upset with the marriage, but that it did not prove they killed.
they will remain in canadian custody until the extradition but may appeal.
|
ðə ˈməðər ənd ˈəŋkəl əv ə kəˈneɪdiən ˈwʊmən kɪld 14 jɪrz əˈgoʊ hæv bɪn ˈɔrdərd ˈɛkstrəˌdaɪtɪd tɪ ˈɪndiə ɪn stænd traɪəl ɪn hər əˈlɛʤd "ˈɑnər ˈkɪlɪŋ". ˈsɪdhu ənd sɪŋ ər əˈkjuzd əv ˈɔrdərɪŋ ðə ˈmərdər ˈæftər ˈsɪdhu, 25 ˈmɛrid ə ˈdraɪvər. ʃi wɑz kɪld ɪn ˈpənˌʤæb ɪn ʤun 2000 ˈæftər ʃi ˈtrævəld ðɛr tɪ ˌriuˈnaɪt wɪθ hər ˈhəzbənd. ðə ˈfæməli həz dɪˈnaɪd ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn dɛθ ənd meɪ əˈpil. ˈsɛvərəl ˈpipəl hæv ɔˈrɛdi bɪn kənˈvɪktəd əv ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ ɪn ˈɪndiə. 'kæmˈpeɪn əv ˈtɛrər' hər ˈməðər ənd ˈəŋkəl wər ərˈɛstɪd ɪn 2012 ɔn ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv kənˈspɪrəsi tɪ kəˈmɪt ˈmərdər. ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈbrɪtɪʃ kəˈləmbiə səˈprim kɔrt ˈʤəstɪs ˈgrɛgəri fɪʧ ˈɔrdərd ðə tu tɪ bi ˈɛkstrəˌdaɪtɪd tɪ ˈɪndiə tɪ ˈfeɪsɪz ˈʧɑrʤɪz ðɛr. ˈsɪdhu ˈsikrɪtli ˈmɛrid ˈsɪdhu ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə ˈwɛlθi, ˈoʊldər mæn hər ˈfæməli rɪˈpɔrtədli prɪˈfərd. ʃi flɛd tɪ ˈɪndiə tɪ ˌriuˈnaɪt wɪθ hər ˈhəzbənd ə fju mənθs ˈæftər hər ˈfæməli ˈlərnɪd əv ðə ˈmɛrɪʤ. sun ˈæftər, ðə ˈkəpəl wər əˈtækt waɪl ɔn ə ˈmoʊtər ˈskutər hi wɑz ˈbitən ənd ʃi wɑz kɪld. ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz əˈlɛʤd ˈmɪstər hæd meɪd ˈhənərdz əv kɔlz tɪ ðə mɛn ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli kənˈvɪktəd əv ðə ˈmərdər, fərst ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈæftər hər ˈmɛrɪʤ bɪˈkeɪm ˈpəblɪk, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə vænˈkuvər sən. ˈlɔjərz fər ðə pɛr ədˈmɪtəd ðə ˈfæməli wɑz ˈəpˌsɛt wɪθ ðə ˈmɛrɪʤ, bət ðət ɪt dɪd nɑt pruv ðeɪ kɪld. ðeɪ wɪl rɪˈmeɪn ɪn kəˈneɪdiən ˈkəstədi ənˈtɪl ðə ˌɛkstrəˈdɪʃən bət meɪ əˈpil.
|
oakland more than a hundred people gathered friday evening on lakeshore avenue at the site of where police shot and killed hogg.
the vigil organized by the anti project drew family, friends and supporters to the busy shopping district along lakeshore avenue at lake park avenue for a peaceful protest.
organizers took over the intersection at p.m. and traffic on lakeshore avenue came to standstill and the interstate 580 westbound was backed up as protesters locked arms around a makeshift replica of the vehicle hogg was found sleeping in.
once attendees took the street, they had a moment of silence for hogg. activists planned on blocking the intersection until sundown.
“this is where they murdered him, this is the street hold,” said activist cat brooks.
attendees heard from family and relatives of other people killed in shootings.
they’re demanding that police release any footage that captured the shooting and police or coroners reports. relatives also remand that an independent investigator be brought in to investigate the fatal shooting.
“it’s disturbing someone could be asleep in their car, and the only action officers can take is to kill (somebody),” said brianna gibson, 23, of oakland, with the oakland chapter of black youth project.
as the street takeover began, organizers worked as traffic control to direct drivers on the to turn right and not left toward lakeshore avenue. oakland police directed motorists from to take wesley avenue soon after. about a dozen officers were on standby near the vigil.
there were no arrests as of p.m.
hogg, a father of three, was killed june 6 after a standoff with police. city firefighters called police to the area about a.m. after seeing hogg passed out behind the wheel of a bmw, with a loaded handgun sitting on the passenger seat, police said.
over the next hour, police tried to wake hogg by using a loudspeaker, breaking out the windows, and ordering him to surrender. when police approached the car to apprehend him, a female officer shot him twice, authorities have said. he was pronounced dead at highland hospital.
an attorney for the officer said she fired because hogg reached for the pistol next to him. the police department has not identified the officer, who has been with the department for a little more than a year.
hogg’s family and family friend and activist brooks have questioned the shooting, and called for police to release more information. hogg was recently living in hayward but has ties to oakland.
his family said he a violent person and carried a gun for protection. he has been wanted since april on a parole violation and has served five years in prison after his conviction for drug possession and being an accessory to a felony, records show.
staff writer katrina cameron contributed to this report. david debolt covers breaking news. contact him at. follow him at twitter.com/daviddebolt.
|
ˈoʊklənd mɔr ðən ə ˈhənərd ˈpipəl ˈgæðərd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ ɔn ˈleɪkˌʃɔr ˈævəˌnu æt ðə saɪt əv wɛr pəˈlis ʃɑt ənd kɪld hɑg. ðə ˈvɪʤəl ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd baɪ ðə ˈænˌti ˈprɑʤɛkt dru ˈfæməli, frɛndz ənd səˈpɔrtərz tɪ ðə ˈbɪzi ˈʃɑpɪŋ ˈdɪstrɪkt əˈlɔŋ ˈleɪkˌʃɔr ˈævəˌnu æt leɪk pɑrk ˈævəˌnu fər ə ˈpisfəl ˈproʊˌtɛst. ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz tʊk ˈoʊvər ðə ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃən æt p.m*. ənd ˈtræfɪk ɔn ˈleɪkˌʃɔr ˈævəˌnu keɪm tɪ ˈstændˌstɪl ənd ðə ˌɪntərˈsteɪt 580 ˈwɛstˌbaʊnd wɑz bækt əp ɛz ˈproʊˌtɛstərz lɑkt ɑrmz əraʊnd ə ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft ˈrɛplɪkə əv ðə ˈviɪkəl hɑg wɑz faʊnd sˈlipɪŋ ɪn. wəns əˈtɛnˈdiz tʊk ðə strit, ðeɪ hæd ə ˈmoʊmənt əv ˈsaɪləns fər hɑg. ˈæktɪvɪsts plænd ɔn ˈblɑkɪŋ ðə ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃən ənˈtɪl ˈsənˌdaʊn. ɪz wɛr ðeɪ ˈmərdərd ɪm, ðɪs ɪz ðə strit hold,”*,” sɛd ˈæktɪvɪst kæt brʊks. əˈtɛnˈdiz hərd frəm ˈfæməli ənd ˈrɛlətɪvz əv ˈəðər ˈpipəl kɪld ɪn ˈʃutɪŋz. dɪˈmændɪŋ ðət pəˈlis riˈlis ˈɛni ˈfʊtɪʤ ðət ˈkæpʧərd ðə ˈʃutɪŋ ənd pəˈlis ər ˈkɔrənərz rɪˈpɔrts. ˈrɛlətɪvz ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈmænd ðət ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtər bi brɔt ɪn tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðə ˈfeɪtəl ˈʃutɪŋ. dɪˈstərbɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən kʊd bi əsˈlip ɪn ðɛr kɑr, ənd ðə ˈoʊnli ˈækʃən ˈɔfɪsərz kən teɪk ɪz tɪ kɪl (somebody),”*),” sɛd briˈænə ˈgɪbsən, 23 əv ˈoʊklənd, wɪθ ðə ˈoʊklənd ˈʧæptər əv blæk juθ ˈprɑʤɛkt. ɛz ðə strit ˈteɪˌkoʊvər bɪˈgæn, ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz wərkt ɛz ˈtræfɪk kənˈtroʊl tɪ dɪˈrɛkt ˈdraɪvərz ɔn ðə tɪ tərn raɪt ənd nɑt lɛft təˈwɔrd ˈleɪkˌʃɔr ˈævəˌnu. ˈoʊklənd pəˈlis dɪˈrɛktɪd ˈmoʊtərɪsts frəm tɪ teɪk ˈwɛsli ˈævəˌnu sun ˈæftər. əˈbaʊt ə ˈdəzən ˈɔfɪsərz wər ɔn ˈstændˈbaɪ nɪr ðə ˈvɪʤəl. ðɛr wər noʊ ərˈɛsts ɛz əv p.m*. hɑg, ə ˈfɑðər əv θri, wɑz kɪld ʤun 6 ˈæftər ə ˈstænˌdɔf wɪθ pəˈlis. ˈsɪti ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtərz kɔld pəˈlis tɪ ðə ˈɛriə əˈbaʊt a.m*. ˈæftər siɪŋ hɑg pæst aʊt bɪˈhaɪnd ðə wil əv ə ˈbiˌɛmˈdəbəlju, wɪθ ə ˈloʊdɪd ˈhændˌgən ˈsɪtɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈpæsənʤər sit, pəˈlis sɛd. ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst aʊər, pəˈlis traɪd tɪ weɪk hɑg baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈlaʊdˌspikər, ˈbreɪkɪŋ aʊt ðə ˈwɪndoʊz, ənd ˈɔrdərɪŋ ɪm tɪ sərˈɛndər. wɪn pəˈlis əˈproʊʧt ðə kɑr tɪ ˌæprɪˈhɛnd ɪm, ə ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈɔfɪsər ʃɑt ɪm twaɪs, əˈθɔrətiz hæv sɛd. hi wɑz prəˈnaʊnst dɛd æt ˈhaɪlənd ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. ən əˈtərni fər ðə ˈɔfɪsər sɛd ʃi faɪərd bɪˈkəz hɑg riʧt fər ðə ˈpɪstəl nɛkst tɪ ɪm. ðə pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt həz nɑt aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ðə ˈɔfɪsər, hu həz bɪn wɪθ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt fər ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ə jɪr. ˈfæməli ənd ˈfæməli frɛnd ənd ˈæktɪvɪst brʊks hæv kˈwɛsʧənd ðə ˈʃutɪŋ, ənd kɔld fər pəˈlis tɪ riˈlis mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. hɑg wɑz ˈrisəntli ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˈheɪwərd bət həz taɪz tɪ ˈoʊklənd. hɪz ˈfæməli sɛd hi ə ˈvaɪələnt ˈpərsən ənd ˈkɛrid ə gən fər prəˈtɛkʃən. hi həz bɪn ˈwɔntɪd sɪns ˈeɪprəl ɔn ə pəroʊl vaɪəˈleɪʃən ənd həz sərvd faɪv jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən ˈæftər hɪz kənˈvɪkʃən fər drəg pəˈzɛʃən ənd biɪŋ ən ækˈsɛsəri tɪ ə ˈfɛləni, ˈrɛkərdz ʃoʊ. stæf ˈraɪtər kəˈtrinə ˈkæmərən kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt. ˈdeɪvɪd ˈdɛboʊlt ˈkəvərz ˈbreɪkɪŋ nuz. ˈkɑnˌtækt ɪm æt ˈfɑloʊ ɪm æt twitter.com/daviddebolt*.
|
dagenham & make annual christmas trip to local hospitals
dagenham & players (from left) corey whitely, joe white, sam ling, jordan and jimmy shepherd visit the children's ward at king george hospital (pic: david simpson)
daggers squad visited wards at king george and
share email this article to a friend to send a link to this page you must be logged in.
dagenham & player paul benson during the christmas hospital visit (pic: dave simpson) dagenham & player paul benson during the christmas hospital visit (pic: dave simpson)
dagenham & brought some christmas cheer to the wards at king george hospital, and hospital, by making their annual visit on monday.
dagenham & players (l-r) magnus okuonghae, joe widdowson and chris during the hospital visit (pic: dave simpson) dagenham & players (l-r) magnus okuonghae, joe widdowson and chris during the hospital visit (pic: dave simpson)
after training at sports ground in the morning, daggers split into two groups to visit the hospitals, with one half heading to king george and the other making the trip to.
dagenham & players and staff pose with hospital staff during their christmas visit (pic: dave simpson) dagenham & players and staff pose with hospital staff during their christmas visit (pic: dave simpson)
the squad visited every patient on the respective wards and also provided gifts such as ticket vouchers, copies of football manager 2017 and signed to be used in raffles.
the players also posed with children, their parents and staff and signed autographs during their visit.
the trip was well received, with barking, & trust nurse sophie hart taking to twitter to thank daggers.
“thank you to dagenham & for visiting clover ward & bringing gifts for the children - made their day!” hart posted on the social media site.
|
ˈdægənˌhæm meɪk ˈænjuəl ˈkrɪsməs trɪp tɪ ˈloʊkəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz ˈdægənˌhæm pleɪərz (frəm lɛft) ˈkɔri ˈwaɪtli, ʤoʊ waɪt, sæm lɪŋ, ˈʤɔrdən ənd ˈʤɪmi ˈʃɛpərd ˈvɪzɪt ðə ˈʧɪldrənz wɔrd æt kɪŋ ʤɔrʤ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl (pɪk: ˈdeɪvɪd ˈsɪmpsən) ˈdægərz skwɑd ˈvɪzɪtɪd wɔrdz æt kɪŋ ʤɔrʤ ənd ʃɛr iˈmeɪl ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl tɪ ə frɛnd tɪ sɛnd ə lɪŋk tɪ ðɪs peɪʤ ju məst bi lɔgd ɪn. ˈdægənˌhæm pleɪər pɔl ˈbɛnsən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈkrɪsməs ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈvɪzɪt (pɪk: deɪv ˈsɪmpsən) ˈdægənˌhæm pleɪər pɔl ˈbɛnsən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈkrɪsməs ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈvɪzɪt (pɪk: deɪv ˈsɪmpsən) ˈdægənˌhæm brɔt səm ˈkrɪsməs ʧɪr tɪ ðə wɔrdz æt kɪŋ ʤɔrʤ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, ənd ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛr ˈænjuəl ˈvɪzɪt ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ. ˈdægənˌhæm pleɪərz (l-r*) ˈmægnəs okuonghae*, ʤoʊ ˈwɪdaʊsən ənd krɪs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈvɪzɪt (pɪk: deɪv ˈsɪmpsən) ˈdægənˌhæm pleɪərz (l-r*) ˈmægnəs okuonghae*, ʤoʊ ˈwɪdaʊsən ənd krɪs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈvɪzɪt (pɪk: deɪv ˈsɪmpsən) ˈæftər ˈtreɪnɪŋ æt spɔrts graʊnd ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ˈdægərz splɪt ˈɪntu tu grups tɪ ˈvɪzɪt ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz, wɪθ wən hæf ˈhɛdɪŋ tɪ kɪŋ ʤɔrʤ ənd ðə ˈəðər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə trɪp tɪ. ˈdægənˌhæm pleɪərz ənd stæf poʊz wɪθ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl stæf ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɛr ˈkrɪsməs ˈvɪzɪt (pɪk: deɪv ˈsɪmpsən) ˈdægənˌhæm pleɪərz ənd stæf poʊz wɪθ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl stæf ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɛr ˈkrɪsməs ˈvɪzɪt (pɪk: deɪv ˈsɪmpsən) ðə skwɑd ˈvɪzɪtɪd ˈɛvəri ˈpeɪʃənt ɔn ðə rɪˈspɛktɪv wɔrdz ənd ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪdɪd gɪfts səʧ ɛz ˈtɪkɪt ˈvaʊʧərz, ˈkɑpiz əv ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈmænɪʤər 2017 ənd saɪnd tɪ bi juzd ɪn ˈræfəlz. ðə pleɪərz ˈɔlsoʊ poʊzd wɪθ ˈʧɪldrən, ðɛr ˈpɛrənts ənd stæf ənd saɪnd ˈɔtəˌgræfs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɛr ˈvɪzɪt. ðə trɪp wɑz wɛl rɪˈsivd, wɪθ ˈbɑrkɪŋ, trəst nərs ˈsoʊfi hɑrt ˈteɪkɪŋ tɪ tˈwɪtər tɪ θæŋk ˈdægərz. ju tɪ ˈdægənˌhæm fər ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈkloʊvər wɔrd ˈbrɪŋɪŋ gɪfts fər ðə ˈʧɪldrən meɪd ðɛr day!”*!” hɑrt ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə saɪt.
|
san carlos, family of mexican migrant workers was thrilled to find its picture on the cover of the jan. 25 issue of the economist, vegetable farmhand, factory laborer, and fruit picker luis moreno reported monday.
"imagine my surprise when i walked past the newsstand and saw my own face on the cover of a very respected international publication, no less," said moreno, 34, speaking with the aid of a translator. "i couldn't believe it. i opened the magazine and there we were again, right there under the headline, 'hard harvest: the enduring plight of migrant workers in america.' i ran to my wife with a copy of the issue as fast as i could and said, 'hey, rosa, we're famous!"
advertisement
ever since losing his job as a assistant in mexico city four years ago, moreno, his wife rosa, and their three young sons have roamed the american south and midwest in search of seasonal labor.
"judging by the scenery and the size of little esteban, i am guessing the photo was taken in north texas, shortly after the october harvest," moreno said. "we were relocating from the lower rio grande valley to iowa, where i can usually find winter work in the slaughterhouses or the plants. how lucky we were to be on that particular road that day!"
continued moreno: "i do not specifically remember anyone taking my picture, but that is not surprising if we were in the middle of traveling. it gets very tiring, of course, and sometimes you do not pay attention to distractions."
advertisement
moreno praised the economist's photo editor for choosing the cover image.
"the clothes we were wearing created a very interesting pastiche of colors, which is probably why he chose that particular shot," moreno said. "also, the photographer caught us at a moment when our expressions powerfully conveyed the great weariness we were feeling."
the cover story, which featured a second photo of the moreno family inside the magazine, focused on george w. bush and mexican president vicente fox's dispute over migrant workers and the legalization of undocumented mexicans in the u.s.
advertisement
"i was so excited," moreno said. "i had a little money saved, enough for three copies. i sent one home to mexico to my grandmother, i put one away to keep nice, and the other i used to show all of my friends."
within hours of the issue hitting newsstands, moreno said he began hearing from friends, coworkers, and relatives.
advertisement
"i call home to my mother in oaxaca whenever i can, just to make sure everyone is okay, especially our little juanita, who is too young to travel," moreno said. "the first thing she says to me is, 'your cousin carlos called to say he saw you in the economist. he says to call him right away. my son, the celebrity!'"
rosa said the cover story has made her and the rest of the moreno clan the talk of the community.
"it's amazing how many people have seen it," rosa said. "we were passing through sebastian on the way to progreso, and we stopped to visit some old friends from mexico city who found work in a tannery. the first thing out of everyone's mouth was, 'here comes the cover girl!' you should have seen me blush."
advertisement
"our friend miguel and his wife were teasing us, calling us 'undocumented migrants' like they did in the story," rosa added, "but it was all in good fun."
moreno, who read the article with the help of a translator, said he felt the economist's assessment of migrant workers and their plight was "evenhanded and intelligent."
"basically, the author of the article said migrant workers are net contributors to the economy of a country because they are disproportionately of working age, and the receiving country has not had to pay for their education," moreno said. "and they pointed out that migration does not seem to increase unemployment among the native-born."
advertisement
"to be fair, it did say it may reduce their pay," rosa said. "but i agree with luis that it certainly was a fairer look at the subject than i have come to expect."
"i've been treated badly by many people throughout my life," added rosa, lowering her eyes to the floor.
though he does not expect to appear on another magazine cover any time soon, moreno expressed hope that one day his family will have the luck to be interviewed by a candidate conducting research in one of the seasonal worker camps.
advertisement
"it's amazing what a complex system of social ties we itinerant workers maintain, considering that we are always in motion and have only limited access to modern communications," moreno said. "don't you think that would make a fascinating subject for a dissertation?"
|
sæn ˈkɑrloʊs, ˈfæməli əv ˈmɛksəkən ˈmaɪgrənt ˈwərkərz wɑz θrɪld tɪ faɪnd ɪts ˈpɪkʧər ɔn ðə ˈkəvər əv ðə ʤæn. 25 ˈɪʃu əv ðə ɪˈkɑnəmɪst, ˈvɛʤtəbəl ˈfɑrmˌhænd, ˈfæktəri ˈleɪbərər, ənd frut ˈpɪkər luis mɔˈrinoʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈmənˌdeɪ. "ˌɪˈmæʤən maɪ səˈpraɪz wɪn aɪ wɔkt pæst ðə ˈnuzˌstænd ənd sɔ maɪ oʊn feɪs ɔn ðə ˈkəvər əv ə ˈvɛri rɪˈspɛktɪd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən, noʊ lɛs," sɛd mɔˈrinoʊ, 34 ˈspikɪŋ wɪθ ðə eɪd əv ə trænzˈleɪtər. "aɪ ˈkʊdənt bɪˈliv ɪt. aɪ ˈoʊpənd ðə ˈmægəˌzin ənd ðɛr wi wər əˈgɛn, raɪt ðɛr ˈəndər ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪn, 'hɑrd ˈhɑrvəst: ðə ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ plaɪt əv ˈmaɪgrənt ˈwərkərz ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə.' aɪ ræn tɪ maɪ waɪf wɪθ ə ˈkɑpi əv ðə ˈɪʃu ɛz fæst ɛz aɪ kʊd ənd sɛd, 'heɪ, ˈroʊzə, wɪr ˈfeɪməs!" ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈɛvər sɪns ˈluzɪŋ hɪz ʤɑb ɛz ə əˈsɪstənt ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈsɪti fɔr jɪrz əˈgoʊ, mɔˈrinoʊ, hɪz waɪf ˈroʊzə, ənd ðɛr θri jəŋ sənz hæv roʊmd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən saʊθ ənd ˌmɪdˈwɛst ɪn sərʧ əv ˈsizənəl ˈleɪbər. "ˈʤəʤɪŋ baɪ ðə ˈsinəri ənd ðə saɪz əv ˈlɪtəl ˈɛstəbɑn, aɪ æm ˈgɛsɪŋ ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ wɑz ˈteɪkən ɪn nɔrθ ˈtɛksəs, ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðə ɑkˈtoʊbər ˈhɑrvəst," mɔˈrinoʊ sɛd. "wi wər ˌriˈloʊkeɪtɪŋ frəm ðə loʊər ˈrioʊ grænd ˈvæli tɪ ˈaɪəwə, wɛr aɪ kən ˈjuʒəwəli faɪnd ˈwɪntər wərk ɪn ðə sˈlɔtərˌhaʊsɪz ər ðə plænts. haʊ ˈləki wi wər tɪ bi ɔn ðət ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr roʊd ðət deɪ!" kənˈtɪnjud mɔˈrinoʊ: "aɪ du nɑt spəˈsɪfɪkli rɪˈmɛmbər ˈɛniˌwən ˈteɪkɪŋ maɪ ˈpɪkʧər, bət ðət ɪz nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋ ɪf wi wər ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ˈtrævəlɪŋ. ɪt gɪts ˈvɛri ˈtaɪrɪŋ, əv kɔrs, ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ju du nɑt peɪ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ dɪˈstrækʃənz." ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt mɔˈrinoʊ preɪzd ðə ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈɛdɪtər fər ˈʧuzɪŋ ðə ˈkəvər ˈɪmɪʤ. "ðə kloʊðz wi wər ˈwɛrɪŋ kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˈvɛri ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˌpæˈstiʃ əv ˈkələrz, wɪʧ ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli waɪ hi ʧoʊz ðət ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ʃɑt," mɔˈrinoʊ sɛd. "ˈɔlsoʊ, ðə fəˈtɑgrəfər kɔt ˈjuˈɛs æt ə ˈmoʊmənt wɪn ɑr ɪkˈsprɛʃənz ˈpaʊərfli kənˈveɪd ðə greɪt ˈwɪrinəs wi wər ˈfilɪŋ." ðə ˈkəvər ˈstɔri, wɪʧ ˈfiʧərd ə ˈsɛkənd ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ðə mɔˈrinoʊ ˈfæməli ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈmægəˌzin, ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ ənd ˈmɛksəkən ˈprɛzɪdənt viˈʧɛnti ˈfɑksəz dɪˈspjut ˈoʊvər ˈmaɪgrənt ˈwərkərz ənd ðə ˌligələˈzeɪʃən əv ənˈdɑkjəmɛnɪd ˈmɛksɪkənz ɪn ðə juz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt "aɪ wɑz soʊ ɪkˈsaɪtɪd," mɔˈrinoʊ sɛd. "aɪ hæd ə ˈlɪtəl ˈməni seɪvd, ɪˈnəf fər θri ˈkɑpiz. aɪ sɛnt wən hoʊm tɪ ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ tɪ maɪ ˈgrændˌməðər, aɪ pʊt wən əˈweɪ tɪ kip nis, ənd ðə ˈəðər aɪ juzd tɪ ʃoʊ ɔl əv maɪ frɛndz." wɪˈθɪn aʊərz əv ðə ˈɪʃu ˈhɪtɪŋ ˈnuzˌstændz, mɔˈrinoʊ sɛd hi bɪˈgæn ˈhirɪŋ frəm frɛndz, ˈkoʊˈwərkərz, ənd ˈrɛlətɪvz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt "aɪ kɔl hoʊm tɪ maɪ ˈməðər ɪn ˈoʊksəkə wɛˈnɛvər aɪ kən, ʤɪst tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz ˌoʊˈkeɪ, əˈspɛʃəli ɑr ˈlɪtəl ˌʤuəˈnitə, hu ɪz tu jəŋ tɪ ˈtrævəl," mɔˈrinoʊ sɛd. "ðə fərst θɪŋ ʃi sɪz tɪ mi ɪz, 'jʊr ˈkəzən ˈkɑrloʊs kɔld tɪ seɪ hi sɔ ju ɪn ðə ɪˈkɑnəmɪst. hi sɪz tɪ kɔl ɪm raɪt əˈweɪ. maɪ sən, ðə səˈlɛbrɪti!'" ˈroʊzə sɛd ðə ˈkəvər ˈstɔri həz meɪd hər ənd ðə rɛst əv ðə mɔˈrinoʊ klæn ðə tɔk əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti. "ɪts əˈmeɪzɪŋ haʊ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl hæv sin ɪt," ˈroʊzə sɛd. "wi wər ˈpæsɪŋ θru səˈbæsʧən ɔn ðə weɪ tɪ progreso*, ənd wi stɑpt tɪ ˈvɪzɪt səm oʊld frɛndz frəm ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈsɪti hu faʊnd wərk ɪn ə tannery*. ðə fərst θɪŋ aʊt əv ˈɛvriˌwənz maʊθ wɑz, 'hir kəmz ðə ˈkəvər gərl!' ju ʃʊd hæv sin mi bləʃ." ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt "ɑr frɛnd mɪˈgɛl ənd hɪz waɪf wər ˈtizɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs, ˈkɔlɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs 'ənˈdɑkjəmɛnɪd ˈmaɪgrənts' laɪk ðeɪ dɪd ɪn ðə ˈstɔri," ˈroʊzə ˈædɪd, "bət ɪt wɑz ɔl ɪn gʊd fən." mɔˈrinoʊ, hu rɛd ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ə trænzˈleɪtər, sɛd hi fɛlt ðə ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts əˈsɛsmənt əv ˈmaɪgrənt ˈwərkərz ənd ðɛr plaɪt wɑz "ˈivənˈhændɪd ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt." "ˈbeɪsɪkli, ðə ˈɔθər əv ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl sɛd ˈmaɪgrənt ˈwərkərz ər nɛt kənˈtrɪbjətərz tɪ ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi əv ə ˈkəntri bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənətli əv ˈwərkɪŋ eɪʤ, ənd ðə rɪˈsivɪŋ ˈkəntri həz nɑt hæd tɪ peɪ fər ðɛr ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən," mɔˈrinoʊ sɛd. "ənd ðeɪ ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət maɪˈgreɪʃən dɪz nɑt sim tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt əˈməŋ ðə native-born*." ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt "tɪ bi fɛr, ɪt dɪd seɪ ɪt meɪ rɪˈdus ðɛr peɪ," ˈroʊzə sɛd. "bət aɪ əˈgri wɪθ luis ðət ɪt ˈsərtənli wɑz ə ˈfɛrər lʊk æt ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt ðən aɪ hæv kəm tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt." "aɪv bɪn ˈtritɪd ˈbædli baɪ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl θruaʊt maɪ laɪf," ˈædɪd ˈroʊzə, loʊərɪŋ hər aɪz tɪ ðə flɔr. ðoʊ hi dɪz nɑt ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ əˈpɪr ɔn əˈnəðər ˈmægəˌzin ˈkəvər ˈɛni taɪm sun, mɔˈrinoʊ ɪkˈsprɛst hoʊp ðət wən deɪ hɪz ˈfæməli wɪl hæv ðə lək tɪ bi ˈɪntərvˌjud baɪ ə ˈkænədɪt kənˈdəktɪŋ ˈrisərʧ ɪn wən əv ðə ˈsizənəl ˈwərkər kæmps. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt "ɪts əˈmeɪzɪŋ wət ə ˈkɑmplɛks ˈsɪstəm əv ˈsoʊʃəl taɪz wi aɪˈtɪnərənt ˈwərkərz meɪnˈteɪn, kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðət wi ər ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪn ˈmoʊʃən ənd hæv ˈoʊnli ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈmɑdərn kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz," mɔˈrinoʊ sɛd. "doʊnt ju θɪŋk ðət wʊd meɪk ə ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ ˈsəbʤɪkt fər ə ˌdɪsərˈteɪʃən?"
|
for several weeks, democratic presidential nominee hillary clinton and her allies in the mainstream media claimed that any concerns about her health were mere conspiracy theories.
late-night host jimmy kimmel even mocked those concerns in late august by having the former secretary of state open a pickle jar on his desk. she used that appearance to dismiss any health concerns as “part of the wacky strategy, just say all these crazy things and maybe you can get some people to believe you.”
ari (who once falsely accused this author of being a) mocked what he called “hillary health trutherism,” likening it to the conspiracy theories about barack obama. on aug. 21, he wrote: “like thes of the obama era, hillary health base their accusations on a convoluted mix of conspiracy theories, exaggerations and outright lies that forces believers to willfully ignore any evidence to the contrary while twisting themselves into logical pretzels.”
melissa jeltsen, senior reporter for the huffington post, wrote on aug. 26 that those raising questions about hillary health were simply misogynists: “the subtext of the rumors spouted by trump and his crew of armchair doctors is clear: clinton is biologically unfit to lead. a woman, after all get real: the wild conspiracy theories around health are a convenient way to mask misogyny inside “legitimate” medical concerns sexism, plain and simple.”
comedian sarah silverman was more direct, saying that those questioning hillary health were “fucking assholes.”
now that clinton has been forced to take several days off the campaign trail after collapsing at the memorial on sunday in new york, the truth is beginning to emerge: she has major health issues that even her supporters have long noticed.
some in the media, like vox, still cling to the hope that it is all a conspiracy theory.
but even jimmy kimmel had to admit wednesday night: “you know, these conspiracy theories about hillary health would be a lot harder to believe if they actually come true.”
joel b. pollak is senior at news. his new book, see no evil: 19 hard truths the left handle, is available from regnery through amazon. follow him on twitter at @joelpollak.
|
fər ˈsɛvərəl wiks, ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˌnɑməˈni ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ənd hər ˈælaɪz ɪn ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈmidiə kleɪmd ðət ˈɛni kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt hər hɛlθ wər mɪr kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz. ˈleɪtˌnaɪt hoʊst ˈʤɪmi ˈkɪməl ˈivɪn mɑkt ðoʊz kənˈsərnz ɪn leɪt ˈɔgəst baɪ ˈhævɪŋ ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ˈoʊpən ə ˈpɪkəl ʤɑr ɔn hɪz dɛsk. ʃi juzd ðət əˈpɪrəns tɪ dɪsˈmɪs ˈɛni hɛlθ kənˈsərnz ɛz əv ðə ˈwæki ˈstrætəʤi, ʤɪst seɪ ɔl ðiz ˈkreɪzi θɪŋz ənd ˈmeɪbi ju kən gɪt səm ˈpipəl tɪ bɪˈliv you.”*.” ˈɑri (hu wəns ˈfɔlsli əˈkjuzd ðɪs ˈɔθər əv biɪŋ ə) mɑkt wət hi kɔld hɛlθ trutherism,”*,” ˈlaɪkənɪŋ ɪt tɪ ðə kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz əˈbaʊt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə. ɔn ˈɔgəst. 21 hi roʊt: ðə əv ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈɪrə, ˈhɪləri hɛlθ beɪs ðɛr ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz ɔn ə ˈkɑnvəˌlutəd mɪks əv kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz, ɪgˌzæʤərˈeɪʃənz ənd ˈaʊˈtraɪt laɪz ðət ˈfɔrsɪz bɪˈlivərz tɪ ˈwɪlfəli ˌɪgˈnɔr ˈɛni ˈɛvədəns tɪ ðə ˈkɑntrɛri waɪl tˈwɪstɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈɪntu ˈlɑʤɪkəl pretzels.”*.” məˈlɪsə jeltsen*, ˈsinjər rɪˈpɔrtər fər ðə ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst, roʊt ɔn ˈɔgəst. 26 ðət ðoʊz ˈreɪzɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ˈhɪləri hɛlθ wər ˈsɪmpli ˈmɪzəʤɪnɪsts: ˈsəbˌtɛkst əv ðə ˈrumərz ˈspaʊtəd baɪ trəmp ənd hɪz kru əv ˈɑrmˌʧɛr ˈdɑktərz ɪz klɪr: ˈklɪntən ɪz baɪəˈlɑʤɪkli ənˈfɪt tɪ lɛd. ə ˈwʊmən, ˈæftər ɔl gɪt ril: ðə waɪld kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz əraʊnd hɛlθ ər ə kənˈvinjənt weɪ tɪ mæsk ˈmɪzəʤɪni ˌɪnˈsaɪd ““legitimate”*” ˈmɛdɪkəl kənˈsərnz ˈsɛksɪzəm, pleɪn ənd simple.”*.” kəˈmidiən ˈsɛrə ˈsɪlvərˌmæn wɑz mɔr dɪˈrɛkt, seɪɪŋ ðət ðoʊz kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ˈhɪləri hɛlθ wər assholes.”*.” naʊ ðət ˈklɪntən həz bɪn fɔrst tɪ teɪk ˈsɛvərəl deɪz ɔf ðə kæmˈpeɪn treɪl ˈæftər kəˈlæpsɪŋ æt ðə məˈmɔriəl ɔn ˈsənˌdi ɪn nu jɔrk, ðə truθ ɪz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ ˈimərʤ: ʃi həz ˈmeɪʤər hɛlθ ˈɪʃuz ðət ˈivɪn hər səˈpɔrtərz hæv lɔŋ ˈnoʊtɪst. səm ɪn ðə ˈmidiə, laɪk vɑks, stɪl klɪŋ tɪ ðə hoʊp ðət ɪt ɪz ɔl ə kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪri. bət ˈivɪn ˈʤɪmi ˈkɪməl hæd tɪ ədˈmɪt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt: noʊ, ðiz kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz əˈbaʊt ˈhɪləri hɛlθ wʊd bi ə lɔt ˈhɑrdər tɪ bɪˈliv ɪf ðeɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli kəm true.”*.” ʤoʊəl bi. ˈpɑlək ɪz ˈsinjər æt nuz. hɪz nu bʊk, si noʊ ˈivəl: 19 hɑrd truθs ðə lɛft ˈhændəl, ɪz əˈveɪləbəl frəm ˈrɛgnəri θru ˈæməˌzɑn. ˈfɑloʊ ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər æt @joelpollak*.
|
fremantle key defender dawson has suffered another setback after fracturing his thumb in the on saturday.
dawson played his first game for the year for peel thunder last saturday after battling groin issues throughout the summer and the early part of the season.
but he injured his thumb early in loss to claremont and coach ross lyon told on monday night dawson requires surgery that will sideline him for a few weeks.
wafl watch player stats: saturday 30 may
(function() { po = document.createelement("script"); = "text/javascript"; = true; = "https://d15mj6e6qmt1na.cloudfront.net/cdn/embed.js"; s =]; s.parentnode.insertbefore(po, s); })();
"he's broken his thumb," lyon said.
"so he'll need a bit of a pin put in."
despite's relatively small injury list they are a bit light on for key defenders with alex still seven to nine weeks away from returning after hamstring surgery.
lyon also revealed that defender lee spurr suffered a heavy cork in the dockers' win over adelaide last saturday night. have a turnaround before hosting richmond at domain stadium on friday night.
match report:'s toughest test
"spurr is a bit sore," lyon said.
"he had that badly leg. we're hopeful he'll come up.
"it's more than likely we'll be unchanged but we've got to get through the week."
lyon also said anthony morabito is facing an uphill battle to play any football this year as he waits for bone bruising to settle in his knee.
"anthony and i had lunch last friday just to check in," lyon said.
"he's got bone bruising.
"julian feller is the surgeon in melbourne and he's consulting with guys from london, melbourne and the perth surgeons here. he just needs some more time for the bone bruising to settle. he's boxing and riding and once it settles he'll start running but he'll be at a disadvantage for the rest of the year obviously."
morabito has not trained this year after signing a one-year contract at the end of last year. he played three games for last season after three successive knee reconstructions kept him out of the for three years.
|
fremantle* ki dɪˈfɛndər ˈdɔsən həz ˈsəfərd əˈnəðər ˈsɛtˌbæk ˈæftər ˈfrækʧərɪŋ hɪz θəm ɪn ðə ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. ˈdɔsən pleɪd hɪz fərst geɪm fər ðə jɪr fər pil ˈθəndər læst ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˈæftər ˈbætəlɪŋ grɔɪn ˈɪʃuz θruaʊt ðə ˈsəmər ənd ðə ˈərli pɑrt əv ðə ˈsizən. bət hi ˈɪnʤərd hɪz θəm ˈərli ɪn lɔs tɪ ˈklɛrˌmɑnt ənd koʊʧ rɔs laɪən toʊld ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt ˈdɔsən rikˈwaɪərz ˈsərʤəri ðət wɪl ˈsaɪˌdlaɪn ɪm fər ə fju wiks. wɔʧ pleɪər stæts: ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ 30 meɪ (ˈfəŋkʃən() poʊ document.createelement("script*"); "text/javascript*"; tru; "https://d15mj6e6qmt1na.cloudfront.net/cdn/embed.js*"; ɛs s.parentnode.insertbefore(po*, ɛs); "hiz ˈbroʊkən hɪz θəm," laɪən sɛd. "soʊ hil nid ə bɪt əv ə pɪn pʊt ɪn." dɪˈspaɪt ˈrɛlətɪvli smɔl ˈɪnʤəri lɪst ðeɪ ər ə bɪt laɪt ɔn fər ki dɪˈfɛndərz wɪθ ˈæləks stɪl ˈsɛvən tɪ naɪn wiks əˈweɪ frəm rɪˈtərnɪŋ ˈæftər ˈhæmˌstrɪŋ ˈsərʤəri. laɪən ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈvild ðət dɪˈfɛndər li spər ˈsəfərd ə ˈhɛvi kɔrk ɪn ðə ˈdɑkərz' wɪn ˈoʊvər ˈædəˌleɪd læst ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ naɪt. hæv ə ˈtərnərˌaʊnd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈhoʊstɪŋ ˈrɪʧmənd æt doʊˈmeɪn ˈsteɪdiəm ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt. mæʧ rɪˈpɔrt: ˈtəfəst tɛst "spər ɪz ə bɪt sɔr," laɪən sɛd. "hi hæd ðət ˈbædli lɛg. wɪr ˈhoʊpfəl hil kəm əp. "ɪts mɔr ðən ˈlaɪkli wɪl bi ənˈʧeɪnʤd bət wiv gɑt tɪ gɪt θru ðə wik." laɪən ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ˈænθɔˌni mɔrɑˈbitoʊ ɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ən ˈəˈphɪl ˈbætəl tɪ pleɪ ˈɛni ˈfʊtˌbɔl ðɪs jɪr ɛz hi weɪts fər boʊn ˈbruzɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛtəl ɪn hɪz ni. "ˈænθɔˌni ənd aɪ hæd lənʧ læst ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ʤɪst tɪ ʧɛk ɪn," laɪən sɛd. "hiz gɑt boʊn ˈbruzɪŋ. "ˈʤuljən ˈfɛlər ɪz ðə ˈsərʤɪn ɪn ˈmɛlbərn ənd hiz kənˈsəltɪŋ wɪθ gaɪz frəm ˈləndən, ˈmɛlbərn ənd ðə pərθ ˈsərʤənz hir. hi ʤɪst nidz səm mɔr taɪm fər ðə boʊn ˈbruzɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛtəl. hiz ˈbɑksɪŋ ənd ˈraɪdɪŋ ənd wəns ɪt ˈsɛtəlz hil stɑrt ˈrənɪŋ bət hil bi æt ə ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤ fər ðə rɛst əv ðə jɪr ˈɑbviəsli." mɔrɑˈbitoʊ həz nɑt treɪnd ðɪs jɪr ˈæftər ˈsaɪnɪŋ ə ˈwənˌjɪr ˈkɑnˌtrækt æt ðə ɛnd əv læst jɪr. hi pleɪd θri geɪmz fər læst ˈsizən ˈæftər θri səkˈsɛsɪv ni ˌrikənˈstrəkʃənz kɛpt ɪm aʊt əv ðə fər θri jɪrz.
|
colin won't be catching on with the seattle seahawks following a recent visit, but pete carroll believes it's only a matter of time before the quarterback finds a new home.
the veteran head coach told reporters friday that, although seattle won't be signing right now, the team is well aware of what he's capable of doing on the field.
"at this time we didn't do anything with it, but we know where he is and who he is," carroll said, according to mike of nfl network. "he's a starter in this league."
a meeting with the seahawks was's first since opting out of his contract with the san francisco and becoming a free agent early in the offseason.
the apparent lack of interest has sparked plenty of debate as to whether teams are passing over an established for reasons or more so in response to the national anthem protests he led last year.
seemingly leaving the door open for a possible signing down the road, though, carroll doubled down on the confidence he still has in's ability.
"he's capable of being a championship guy," he added.
kaepernick was a logical target for the seahawks given the offensive fit and the club's glaring need for a backup to russell wilson.
whether it was a disagreement regarding financials, his potential role, or any number of factors that would have been discussed when the two sides met,'s lengthy stay on the market now continues.
starting 11 games for the last season, the completed percent of passes for yards, 16 touchdowns, and just four interceptions.
|
ˈkoʊlɪn woʊnt bi ˈkæʧɪŋ ɔn wɪθ ðə siˈætəl ˈsiˌhɔks ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈrisənt ˈvɪzɪt, bət pit ˈkɛrəl bɪˈlivz ɪts ˈoʊnli ə ˈmætər əv taɪm ˌbiˈfɔr ðə kˈwɔrtərˌbæk faɪndz ə nu hoʊm. ðə ˈvɛtərən hɛd koʊʧ toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðət, ˌɔlˈðoʊ siˈætəl woʊnt bi ˈsaɪnɪŋ raɪt naʊ, ðə tim ɪz wɛl əˈwɛr əv wət hiz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv duɪŋ ɔn ðə fild. "æt ðɪs taɪm wi ˈdɪdənt du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ wɪθ ɪt, bət wi noʊ wɛr hi ɪz ənd hu hi ɪz," ˈkɛrəl sɛd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ maɪk əv ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈnɛtˌwərk. "hiz ə ˈstɑrtər ɪn ðɪs lig." ə ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈsiˌhɔks wɑz fərst sɪns ˈɑptɪŋ aʊt əv hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ ðə sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ənd bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə fri ˈeɪʤənt ˈərli ɪn ðə offseason*. ðə əˈpɛrənt læk əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst həz spɑrkt ˈplɛnti əv dəˈbeɪt ɛz tɪ ˈwɛðər timz ər ˈpæsɪŋ ˈoʊvər ən ɪˈstæblɪʃt fər ˈrizənz ər mɔr soʊ ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm ˈproʊˌtɛsts hi lɛd læst jɪr. ˈsimɪŋli ˈlivɪŋ ðə dɔr ˈoʊpən fər ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈsaɪnɪŋ daʊn ðə roʊd, ðoʊ, ˈkɛrəl ˈdəbəld daʊn ɔn ðə ˈkɑnfədɛns hi stɪl həz ɪn əˈbɪləˌti. "hiz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv biɪŋ ə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp gaɪ," hi ˈædɪd. wɑz ə ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈtərgət fər ðə ˈsiˌhɔks ˈgɪvɪn ðə əˈfɛnsɪv fɪt ənd ðə kləbz ˈglɛrɪŋ nid fər ə ˈbæˌkəp tɪ ˈrəsəl ˈwɪlsən. ˈwɛðər ɪt wɑz ə dɪsəˈgrimənt rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəlz, hɪz pəˈtɛnʃəl roʊl, ər ˈɛni ˈnəmbər əv ˈfæktərz ðət wʊd hæv bɪn dɪˈskəst wɪn ðə tu saɪdz mɛt, ˈlɛŋθi steɪ ɔn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt naʊ kənˈtɪnjuz. ˈstɑrtɪŋ 11 geɪmz fər ðə læst ˈsizən, ðə kəmˈplitɪd pərˈsɛnt əv ˈpæsɪz fər jɑrdz, 16 ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz, ənd ʤɪst fɔr ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃənz.
|
the one thing that surprised me was that you weren't weapons based on the target (at one point you took on hunters with 4 kinetic weapons), but streaming probably makes one cut corners.
force(extract) has some interesting possibilities,
but trojan(detonate) really has me interested. i'm sure it raises the security level, but that's a nice trade off for destroying enemies without taking any damage yourself.
quick questions (since i'm too impatient to wait for your dev post): do deep network scanners facilitate brute hacks;
and do give you bonus to all terminal hacks, or only to terminals of the same security level or less as the terminal?
ah, so you were there. it was a close one. simply spent way too long fiddling around in access. and i went west when apparently i should've gone east, cut corners, but it also depended on the situation. several times when it became important (especially later) i was taking that into consideration, and said as much. about hunters, though, i'd honestly forgot it was a bad idea to use ki against them. (i do remember having a nagging feeling in the back my mind that there was something wrong there, though...) most other i did try to at least not rely on weapons they're strong against.this, and schematics in general, are going to be even better once i implement additional schematic benefits, hopefully in alpha really like this one. should've used it more. i do think we need more terminals in the late game, and possibly some more ones since the hacking game really does start to drop off there. (that said, i wasn't at all built for hacking so i can't complain too much xd. also, we'll see because i'm going to continue adding some new hacking features, and as you can see with trojans some of these are quite impatient one: they do!(actually, good question, since i didn't find a place to mention that in the blog post, machines on the same floor. aw yeah.
|
ðə wən θɪŋ ðət səˈpraɪzd mi wɑz ðət ju wərənt ˈwɛpənz beɪst ɔn ðə ˈtərgət (æt wən pɔɪnt ju tʊk ɔn ˈhəntərz wɪθ 4 kɪˈnɛtɪk ˈwɛpənz), bət ˈstrimɪŋ ˈprɑbəˌbli meɪks wən kət ˈkɔrnərz. force(extract*) həz səm ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz, bət trojan(detonate*) ˈrɪli həz mi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd. əm ʃʊr ɪt ˈreɪzɪz ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈlɛvəl, bət ðæts ə nis treɪd ɔf fər dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ˈɛnəmiz wɪˈθaʊt ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɛni ˈdæmɪʤ ˈjɔrsɛlf. kwɪk kˈwɛsʧənz (sɪns əm tu ˌɪmˈpeɪʃənt tɪ weɪt fər jʊr dɛv poʊst): du dip ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈskænərz fəˈsɪləˌteɪt brut hæks; ənd du gɪv ju ˈboʊnəs tɪ ɔl ˈtərmənəl hæks, ər ˈoʊnli tɪ ˈtərmənəlz əv ðə seɪm sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈlɛvəl ər lɛs ɛz ðə ˈtərmənəl? ɑ, soʊ ju wər ðɛr. ɪt wɑz ə kloʊz wən. ˈsɪmpli spɛnt weɪ tu lɔŋ ˈfɪdlɪŋ əraʊnd ɪn ˈækˌsɛs. ənd aɪ wɛnt wɛst wɪn əˈpɛrəntli aɪ ˈʃʊdəv gɔn ist, kət ˈkɔrnərz, bət ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈpɛndɪd ɔn ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz wɪn ɪt bɪˈkeɪm ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt (əˈspɛʃəli ˈleɪtər) aɪ wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ ðət ˈɪntu kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən, ənd sɛd ɛz məʧ. əˈbaʊt ˈhəntərz, ðoʊ, aɪd ˈɑnəstli fərˈgɑt ɪt wɑz ə bæd aɪˈdiə tɪ juz ki əˈgɛnst ðɛm. (aɪ du rɪˈmɛmbər ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈnægɪŋ ˈfilɪŋ ɪn ðə bæk maɪ maɪnd ðət ðɛr wɑz ˈsəmθɪŋ rɔŋ ðɛr, ðoʊ...) moʊst ˈəðər aɪ dɪd traɪ tɪ æt list nɑt rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ˈwɛpənz ðɛr strɔŋ against.this*, ənd skɪˈmætɪks ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl, ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈivɪn ˈbɛtər wəns aɪ ˈɪmpləmənt əˈdɪʃənəl skɪˈmætɪk ˈbɛnəfɪts, ˈhoʊpfəli ɪn ˈælfə ˈrɪli laɪk ðɪs wən. ˈʃʊdəv juzd ɪt mɔr. aɪ du θɪŋk wi nid mɔr ˈtərmənəlz ɪn ðə leɪt geɪm, ənd ˈpɑsəbli səm mɔr wənz sɪns ðə ˈhækɪŋ geɪm ˈrɪli dɪz stɑrt tɪ drɔp ɔf ðɛr. (ðət sɛd, aɪ ˈwəzənt æt ɔl bɪlt fər ˈhækɪŋ soʊ aɪ kænt kəmˈpleɪn tu məʧ xd*. ˈɔlsoʊ, wɪl si bɪˈkəz əm goʊɪŋ tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈædɪŋ səm nu ˈhækɪŋ ˈfiʧərz, ənd ɛz ju kən si wɪθ ˈtroʊʤənz səm əv ðiz ər kwaɪt ˌɪmˈpeɪʃənt wən: ðeɪ do!(actually*, gʊd kˈwɛʃən, sɪns aɪ ˈdɪdənt faɪnd ə pleɪs tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðət ɪn ðə blɔg poʊst, məˈʃinz ɔn ðə seɪm flɔr. ɔ jæ.
|
new delhi: at least 5 people have been killed and 26 have been injured in a major ceasefire violation by pak rangers in jammu & to reports, pak troops fired at posts and also targeted civilian areas in say the firing started at midnight and is still sunday the pakistan army had fired at indian positions along the line of control (loc) in of jammu & kashmir, violating a 2003 ceasefire, the defence ministry "unprovoked firing" that began at in sector lasted for 30 spokesman lieutenant colonel manish mehta said the violation was "effectively and appropriately responded to" by indian troops. there were no carried out firing with automatics and mortar shelling. no casualty was reported," said the october 3, pakistani troops violated ceasefire four times by shelling forward areas and villages along and international border in sector of kashmir valley and and jammu sector in jammu region in which a girl was killed and six people were october 1 and 2, pakistani troops had violated the ceasefire two times along the in district resulting in injuries to six people and damage to some october 2, pakistani troops had targeted border hamlets in forward areas along the in jammu & district by shelling them with mortar bombs and firing resulting in injuries to six have been over 100 ceasefire violations by pakistan along the line of control in recent terrorists were killed by army troops during an infiltration bid along in sector of jammu & kashmir, a senior army official inputs from agencies)
|
nu ˈdɛli: æt list 5 ˈpipəl hæv bɪn kɪld ənd 26 hæv bɪn ˈɪnʤərd ɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈsisˈfaɪər vaɪəˈleɪʃən baɪ pæk ˈreɪnʤərz ɪn ʤəˈmu tɪ rɪˈpɔrts, pæk trups faɪərd æt poʊsts ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtɑrgətɪd səˈvɪljən ˈɛriəz ɪn seɪ ðə ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ˈstɑrtɪd æt ˈmɪdˌnaɪt ənd ɪz stɪl ˈsənˌdi ðə ˈpækɪˌstæn ˈɑrmi hæd faɪərd æt ˈɪndiən pəˈzɪʃənz əˈlɔŋ ðə laɪn əv kənˈtroʊl (loc*) ɪn əv ʤəˈmu ˈkæʃmɪr, ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ ə 2003 ˈsisˈfaɪər, ðə dɪˈfɛns ˈmɪnɪstri "ˌənprəˈvoʊkt ˈfaɪərrɪŋ" ðət bɪˈgæn æt ɪn ˈsɛktər ˈlæstɪd fər 30 ˈspoʊksmən luˈtɛnənt ˈkərnəl ˈmænɪʃ ˈmɛtə sɛd ðə vaɪəˈleɪʃən wɑz "ˈifɛktɪvli ənd əˈproʊpriɪtli rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ" baɪ ˈɪndiən trups. ðɛr wər noʊ ˈkɛrid aʊt ˈfaɪərrɪŋ wɪθ ˌɔtəˈmætɪks ənd ˈmɔrtər ˈʃɛlɪŋ. noʊ ˈkæʒəwəlti wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd," sɛd ðə ɑkˈtoʊbər 3 ˌpækɪˈstæni trups ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ˈsisˈfaɪər fɔr taɪmz baɪ ˈʃɛlɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd ˈɛriəz ənd ˈvɪlɪʤɪz əˈlɔŋ ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈbɔrdər ɪn ˈsɛktər əv ˈkæʃmɪr ˈvæli ənd ənd ʤəˈmu ˈsɛktər ɪn ʤəˈmu ˈriʤən ɪn wɪʧ ə gərl wɑz kɪld ənd sɪks ˈpipəl wər ɑkˈtoʊbər 1 ənd 2 ˌpækɪˈstæni trups hæd ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ðə ˈsisˈfaɪər tu taɪmz əˈlɔŋ ðə ɪn ˈdɪstrɪkt rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ˈɪnʤəriz tɪ sɪks ˈpipəl ənd ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ səm ɑkˈtoʊbər 2 ˌpækɪˈstæni trups hæd ˈtɑrgətɪd ˈbɔrdər ˈhæmləts ɪn ˈfɔrwərd ˈɛriəz əˈlɔŋ ðə ɪn ʤəˈmu ˈdɪstrɪkt baɪ ˈʃɛlɪŋ ðɛm wɪθ ˈmɔrtər bɑmz ənd ˈfaɪərrɪŋ rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ˈɪnʤəriz tɪ sɪks hæv bɪn ˈoʊvər 100 ˈsisˈfaɪər vaɪəˈleɪʃənz baɪ ˈpækɪˌstæn əˈlɔŋ ðə laɪn əv kənˈtroʊl ɪn ˈrisənt ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts wər kɪld baɪ ˈɑrmi trups ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˌɪnfɪlˈtreɪʃən bɪd əˈlɔŋ ɪn ˈsɛktər əv ʤəˈmu ˈkæʃmɪr, ə ˈsinjər ˈɑrmi əˈfɪʃəl ˈɪnˌpʊts frəm ˈeɪʤənsiz)
|
australian startup is currently working on a, and distribution platform for the film and video industry.
speaking with, founder and ceo tim lea explained that his company is gathering people affected by piracy in the creative community to get them to represent the infrastructure that enables the community to solve the problem of piracy -- similar to the way seti out of berkeley is run.
but rather than have a community search for the existence of life forms, lea is essentially setting up a structure that will see people go hunting for pirated content.
those that help support the underlying infrastructure and find pirated content will be rewarded with, lea explained, noting that just like with other such as, the more traction his platform gets, the more the value rises.
"if the market believes and the community believes that your project has got legs, then the price of that will typically rise because they believe in the platform," he added.
lea is passionate about solving piracy in the film industry, after falling victim to the practice himself after he and 115 other people made a film.
"when we got pirated, it basically said their contribution was worth nothing," he said.
"so we're focusing on the film and video, but we're creating the heart and soul of this platform so that others can actually go hunting for other content."
lea hopes the platform will gain traction among who have an interest in other areas, with his open-source platform accessible for those in the music and photography industries, as some examples.
"what it means is we can bring those guys together to create new business models of distribution where we have white hat peer-to-peer bittorrenting," he said.
"our objective is to actually reduce piracy by 80 percent -- it's not going to happen a week on tuesday -- but over time if we make content available more easily and we have deterrents at the same time, then we'll gradually reduce piracy."
blockchain technology is the underlying system that facilitates trading, but it has come a long way from simply being used as a secure method for buying illicit goods via online marketplaces.
"without-based technology, it's not actually something that could be rewarded for actually providing a structure or they couldn't be rewarded as effectively," lea added.
in addition to combating piracy, lea told his platform has the ability to disrupt the venture capital model as it currently exists.
"the community is funding the development of the heart and soul of the platform," he explained. "we don't actually need to go down the series a route, which is beautiful."
lea said a lot of-based startups are currently funding themselves in a similar way, pointing to ethereum, which launched its software platform as a crowd funded initiative in late 2014.
lucky for etherium, it raised $18 million to fund the development of its platform, which lea said is now currently worth $4 billion.
"we're creating the open source structure that everybody contributes towards, everybody benefits by, and then we just layer a commercial layer over the top for the film and video space," he said.
"if we get this right, it will be amazing."
the platform is the next phase of the plan to battle piracy, after launching a-based manuscript protection platform in august that aims to shield from having their ideas stolen before they sign on the dotted line.
"the film script registration service is actually protecting the ip -- the actual script itself -- in terms of it identifies who has produced the item, the file itself is hashed and that's locked to the, so it identifies that file was registered on this day, at this time, and that's held in an immutable record," lea said previously.
"it doesn't prevent it from being downloaded, but if there's a problem in the course of law, they can say: 'this particular film script was registered on this particular date'. it's an immutable record; it cannot be changed."
last month, digital music service announced it had acquired startup labs in a bid to create "a more fair, transparent, and rewarding music industry for creators and rights owners" using the.
instead of creating a database with music rights information, it is expected, with the help of its newly acquired talent, will build a one that connects artists and other music rights holders with the tracks featured on.
as explained in a blog post, its vision for the problem with attribution is a shared data layer, which it said "is key to solving attribution, empowering creators and rights owners, and enabling a more efficient and sustainable model for creativity online".
"the opportunity to join an organisation that shares this vision comes at a crucial time, when the relatively nascent community has few bridges to mainstream consumers, creators, or the platforms they use to interact," the company said at the time.
|
ɔˈstreɪljən ˈstɑrˌtəp ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə, ənd ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ˈplætˌfɔrm fər ðə fɪlm ənd ˈvɪdioʊ ˈɪndəstri. ˈspikɪŋ wɪθ, ˈfaʊndər ənd ˈsiˌiˈoʊ tɪm li ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət hɪz ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ˈgæðərɪŋ ˈpipəl əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ˈpaɪrəsi ɪn ðə kriˈeɪtɪv kəmˈjunɪti tɪ gɪt ðɛm tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ðət ɪˈneɪbəlz ðə kəmˈjunɪti tɪ sɑlv ðə ˈprɑbləm əv ˈpaɪrəsi ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə weɪ ˈsɛˌti aʊt əv ˈbərkli ɪz rən. bət ˈrəðər ðən hæv ə kəmˈjunɪti sərʧ fər ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv laɪf fɔrmz, li ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈsɛtɪŋ əp ə ˈstrəkʧər ðət wɪl si ˈpipəl goʊ ˈhəntɪŋ fər ˈpaɪrətɪd ˈkɑntɛnt. ðoʊz ðət hɛlp səˈpɔrt ðə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ənd faɪnd ˈpaɪrətɪd ˈkɑntɛnt wɪl bi rɪˈwɔrdɪd wɪθ, li ɪkˈspleɪnd, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ʤɪst laɪk wɪθ ˈəðər səʧ ɛz, ðə mɔr ˈtrækʃən hɪz ˈplætˌfɔrm gɪts, ðə mɔr ðə ˈvælju ˈraɪzɪz. "ɪf ðə ˈmɑrkɪt bɪˈlivz ənd ðə kəmˈjunɪti bɪˈlivz ðət jʊr ˈprɑʤɛkt həz gɑt lɛgz, ðɛn ðə praɪs əv ðət wɪl ˈtɪpɪkəli raɪz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ bɪˈliv ɪn ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm," hi ˈædɪd. li ɪz ˈpæʃənət əˈbaʊt ˈsɑlvɪŋ ˈpaɪrəsi ɪn ðə fɪlm ˈɪndəstri, ˈæftər ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈvɪktɪm tɪ ðə ˈpræktɪs hɪmˈsɛlf ˈæftər hi ənd 115 ˈəðər ˈpipəl meɪd ə fɪlm. "wɪn wi gɑt ˈpaɪrətɪd, ɪt ˈbeɪsɪkli sɛd ðɛr ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən wɑz wərθ ˈnəθɪŋ," hi sɛd. "soʊ wɪr ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ðə fɪlm ənd ˈvɪdioʊ, bət wɪr kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə hɑrt ənd soʊl əv ðɪs ˈplætˌfɔrm soʊ ðət ˈəðərz kən ˈæˌkʧuəli goʊ ˈhəntɪŋ fər ˈəðər ˈkɑntɛnt." li hoʊps ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm wɪl geɪn ˈtrækʃən əˈməŋ hu hæv ən ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈəðər ˈɛriəz, wɪθ hɪz ˈoʊpənˌsɔrs ˈplætˌfɔrm ækˈsɛsəbəl fər ðoʊz ɪn ðə mˈjuzɪk ənd fəˈtɑgrəfi ˈɪndəstriz, ɛz səm ɪgˈzæmpəlz. "wət ɪt minz ɪz wi kən brɪŋ ðoʊz gaɪz təˈgɛðər tɪ kriˈeɪt nu ˈbɪznɪs ˈmɑdəlz əv ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən wɛr wi hæv waɪt hæt ˌpɪrtoʊˈpɪr bittorrenting*," hi sɛd. "ɑr əˈbʤɛktɪv ɪz tɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli rɪˈdus ˈpaɪrəsi baɪ 80 pərˈsɛnt ɪts nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən ə wik ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ bət ˈoʊvər taɪm ɪf wi meɪk ˈkɑntɛnt əˈveɪləbəl mɔr ˈizəli ənd wi hæv dɪˈtərənts æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ðɛn wɪl ˈgræʤuəli rɪˈdus ˈpaɪrəsi." tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz ðə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ðət fəˈsɪləˌteɪts ˈtreɪdɪŋ, bət ɪt həz kəm ə lɔŋ weɪ frəm ˈsɪmpli biɪŋ juzd ɛz ə sɪˈkjʊr ˈmɛθəd fər baɪɪŋ ˌɪˈlɪsət gʊdz ˈviə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈmɑrkətˌpleɪsɪz. "wɪˈθaʊt tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ɪts nɑt ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət kʊd bi rɪˈwɔrdɪd fər ˈæˌkʧuəli prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ə ˈstrəkʧər ər ðeɪ ˈkʊdənt bi rɪˈwɔrdɪd ɛz ˈifɛktɪvli," li ˈædɪd. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ kəmˈbætɪŋ ˈpaɪrəsi, li toʊld hɪz ˈplætˌfɔrm həz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ dɪsˈrəpt ðə ˈvɛnʧər ˈkæpɪtəl ˈmɑdəl ɛz ɪt ˈkərəntli ɪgˈzɪsts. "ðə kəmˈjunɪti ɪz ˈfəndɪŋ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ðə hɑrt ənd soʊl əv ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm," hi ɪkˈspleɪnd. "wi doʊnt ˈæˌkʧuəli nid tɪ goʊ daʊn ðə ˈsɪriz ə rut, wɪʧ ɪz ˈbjutəfəl." li sɛd ə lɔt əv ˈstɑrˌtəps ər ˈkərəntli ˈfəndɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn ə ˈsɪmələr weɪ, ˈpɔɪntɪŋ tɪ ethereum*, wɪʧ lɔnʧt ɪts ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈplætˌfɔrm ɛz ə kraʊd ˈfəndɪd ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ɪn leɪt 2014 ˈləki fər etherium*, ɪt reɪzd 18 ˈmɪljən tɪ fənd ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ɪts ˈplætˌfɔrm, wɪʧ li sɛd ɪz naʊ ˈkərəntli wərθ 4 ˈbɪljən. "wɪr kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈstrəkʧər ðət ˈɛvriˌbɑdi kənˈtrɪbjuts təˈwɔrdz, ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ˈbɛnəfɪts baɪ, ənd ðɛn wi ʤɪst leɪər ə kəˈmərʃəl leɪər ˈoʊvər ðə tɔp fər ðə fɪlm ənd ˈvɪdioʊ speɪs," hi sɛd. "ɪf wi gɪt ðɪs raɪt, ɪt wɪl bi əˈmeɪzɪŋ." ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm ɪz ðə nɛkst feɪz əv ðə plæn tɪ ˈbætəl ˈpaɪrəsi, ˈæftər ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ə ˈmænjəˌskrɪpt prəˈtɛkʃən ˈplætˌfɔrm ɪn ˈɔgəst ðət eɪmz tɪ ʃild frəm ˈhævɪŋ ðɛr aɪˈdiəz ˈstoʊlən ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ saɪn ɔn ðə ˈdɑtɪd laɪn. "ðə fɪlm skrɪpt ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ˈsərvɪs ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðə ˌaɪˌpi ðə ˈækʧəwəl skrɪpt ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪn tərmz əv ɪt aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪz hu həz prəˈdust ðə ˈaɪtəm, ðə faɪl ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz hæʃt ənd ðæts lɑkt tɪ ðə, soʊ ɪt aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪz ðət faɪl wɑz ˈrɛʤɪstərd ɔn ðɪs deɪ, æt ðɪs taɪm, ənd ðæts hɛld ɪn ən ˌɪmˈjutəbəl ˈrɛkərd," li sɛd ˈpriviəsli. "ɪt ˈdəzənt prɪˈvɛnt ɪt frəm biɪŋ ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪd, bət ɪf ðɛrz ə ˈprɑbləm ɪn ðə kɔrs əv lɔ, ðeɪ kən seɪ: 'ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr fɪlm skrɪpt wɑz ˈrɛʤɪstərd ɔn ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr deɪt'. ɪts ən ˌɪmˈjutəbəl ˈrɛkərd; ɪt ˈkænɑt bi ʧeɪnʤd." læst mənθ, ˈdɪʤɪtəl mˈjuzɪk ˈsərvɪs əˈnaʊnst ɪt hæd əkˈwaɪərd ˈstɑrˌtəp læbz ɪn ə bɪd tɪ kriˈeɪt "ə mɔr fɛr, trænˈspɛrənt, ənd rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ mˈjuzɪk ˈɪndəstri fər kriˈeɪtərz ənd raɪts ˈoʊnərz" ˈjuzɪŋ ðə. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈdætəˌbeɪs wɪθ mˈjuzɪk raɪts ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ɪt ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd, wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ɪts ˈnuli əkˈwaɪərd ˈtælənt, wɪl bɪld ə wən ðət kəˈnɛkts ˈɑrtɪsts ənd ˈəðər mˈjuzɪk raɪts ˈhoʊldərz wɪθ ðə træks ˈfiʧərd ɔn. ɛz ɪkˈspleɪnd ɪn ə blɔg poʊst, ɪts ˈvɪʒən fər ðə ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ˌætrɪˈbjuʃən ɪz ə ʃɛrd ˈdætə leɪər, wɪʧ ɪt sɛd "ɪz ki tɪ ˈsɑlvɪŋ ˌætrɪˈbjuʃən, ɪmˈpaʊərɪŋ kriˈeɪtərz ənd raɪts ˈoʊnərz, ənd ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ə mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt ənd səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈmɑdəl fər ˌkrieɪˈtɪvəti ˈɔnˌlaɪn". "ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ʤɔɪn ən ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən ðət ʃɛrz ðɪs ˈvɪʒən kəmz æt ə ˈkruʃəl taɪm, wɪn ðə ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈneɪsənt kəmˈjunɪti həz fju ˈbrɪʤɪz tɪ ˈmeɪnˌstrim kənˈsumərz, kriˈeɪtərz, ər ðə ˈplætˌfɔrmz ðeɪ juz tɪ ˌɪnərˈækt," ðə ˈkəmpəˌni sɛd æt ðə taɪm.
|
there are thousands of photography apps that serve a specific editing functionality. some are great for filters, some are great for collages, others help you take the ultimate panoramic. now one great for making comic strips from your favorite memories.
comixon is a new ios app that allows users to overlay thought and speech bubbles on photos to create a comic book narrative. they can then apply filters that are reminiscent of old vintage comic books and string together a series of photos to create a mini comic series. the premise is simple, but the results can be as wacky, as romantic, as funny or as serious as the imagination allows. you know, just like a comic book.
when finished with a comic strip, users can publish it to the social feed or publish it to other social networks of their choice; while the feed is a unique way to see other strips (there is certainly some inspiration to be gained), the real value of the app is the ability to share to facebook, twitter, or tumblr. noticeably lacking in the sharing functionality is currently. hopefully with some more flexible dimension parameters, is not too far off in the roadmap.
if a series of photos your style, you can also upload a video and pull frames from the video to create a comic narrative from that follows the flow of the footage.
comixon was launched on november 13, 2015 and was developed by orange rockets, an eight person team based out of belize city.
|
ðɛr ər ˈθaʊzənz əv fəˈtɑgrəfi æps ðət sərv ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti. səm ər greɪt fər ˈfɪltərz, səm ər greɪt fər kəˈlɑʒɪz, ˈəðərz hɛlp ju teɪk ðə ˈəltəmət ˌpænərˈæmɪk. naʊ wən greɪt fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈkɑmɪk strɪps frəm jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈmɛməriz. ɪz ə nu ˈioʊs æp ðət əˈlaʊz ˈjuzərz tɪ ˈoʊvərˌleɪ θɔt ənd spiʧ ˈbəbəlz ɔn ˈfoʊˌtoʊz tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈkɑmɪk bʊk ˈnɛrətɪv. ðeɪ kən ðɛn əˈplaɪ ˈfɪltərz ðət ər ˌrɛməˈnɪsənt əv oʊld ˈvɪntɪʤ ˈkɑmɪk bʊks ənd strɪŋ təˈgɛðər ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈfoʊˌtoʊz tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈmɪni ˈkɑmɪk ˈsɪriz. ðə ˈprɛmɪs ɪz ˈsɪmpəl, bət ðə rɪˈzəlts kən bi ɛz ˈwæki, ɛz roʊˈmæntɪk, ɛz ˈfəni ər ɛz ˈsɪriəs ɛz ðə ˌɪˌmæʤəˈneɪʃən əˈlaʊz. ju noʊ, ʤɪst laɪk ə ˈkɑmɪk bʊk. wɪn ˈfɪnɪʃt wɪθ ə ˈkɑmɪk strɪp, ˈjuzərz kən ˈpəblɪʃ ɪt tɪ ðə ˈsoʊʃəl fid ər ˈpəblɪʃ ɪt tɪ ˈəðər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərks əv ðɛr ʧɔɪs; waɪl ðə fid ɪz ə juˈnik weɪ tɪ si ˈəðər strɪps (ðɛr ɪz ˈsərtənli səm ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən tɪ bi geɪnd), ðə ril ˈvælju əv ðə æp ɪz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ʃɛr tɪ ˈfeɪsˌbʊk, tˈwɪtər, ər ˈtəmblər. ˈnoʊtɪsəbli ˈlækɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ɪz ˈkərəntli. ˈhoʊpfəli wɪθ səm mɔr ˈflɛksəbəl dɪˈmɛnʃən pərˈæmətərz, ɪz nɑt tu fɑr ɔf ɪn ðə roadmap*. ɪf ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈfoʊˌtoʊz jʊr staɪl, ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈəˌploʊd ə ˈvɪdioʊ ənd pʊl freɪmz frəm ðə ˈvɪdioʊ tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈkɑmɪk ˈnɛrətɪv frəm ðət ˈfɑloʊz ðə floʊ əv ðə ˈfʊtɪʤ. wɑz lɔnʧt ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 13 2015 ənd wɑz dɪˈvɛləpt baɪ ˈɔrɪnʤ ˈrɑkəts, ən eɪt ˈpərsən tim beɪst aʊt əv bɛˈliz ˈsɪti.
|
fast-food workers hold placards in support of an increase of the workers' minimum wage in new york on may 15, 2014. workers around the world staged a global protest actions to demand an increase of their minimum wage to $15 an hour. (photo: emmanuel dunand, images)
the walkouts thursday are part of a broader nationwide effort to raise the minimum wage for millions of low-income workers, a campaign that's growing success in states and cities across the usa.
supporters say that raising wages would address growing inequality between the rich and poor as the nation continues to recover too slowly from the great recession. opponents say pay hikes would mean lost jobs and could slow a fragile recovery.
protests: workers strike for higher wages
a bill, backed by president obama, to raise the federal minimum hourly wage from $7.25 to $10.10 by late 2016, has stalled in congress due to republican opposition.
but seven states have passed legislation this year to raise the minimum wage. four have approved increases to at least $10.10 an hour connecticut, maryland, hawaii and vermont. three others minnesota, west virginia and delaware have passed smaller increases.
proposals to increase the minimum wage have been introduced in at least 30 other states, according to the associated press.
cities are also taking action. san francisco, santa fe, san jose and washington are among cities that have voted to increase the minimum wage above the proposed $10.10 federal level. others are weighing increases, including new york, san diego and portland, maine. seattle is considering setting the nation's highest minimum wage $15 an hour, which would match what the striking workers are seeking.
proponents say a minimum wage increase would bolster an economic recovery that has mostly benefited the wealthy who own stocks even as job gains have been dominated by sectors. industries such as restaurant and retail accounted for 22% of jobs lost in the recession but 44% of jobs added in the past four years, according to a recent study by the national employment law project. mid- and sectors, meanwhile, still have far fewer jobs than they did before the recession.
"the economy has not been working for most workers," says david cooper, economic analyst at the economic policy institute. "most people are still struggling."
the federal minimum wage was last raised in 2009, and increases in recent decades have not kept pace with inflation, cooper says. the current $7.25 federal minimum is 27% below the 1968 rate after accounting for inflation.
an study found that raising the minimum federal rate to $10.10 would raise pay for 28 million workers. those include workers earning $7.25, others earning from $7.25 to $10.10, and some paid $10.10 or slightly above who would benefit from a higher pay scale.
"it's not going to drastically change lifestyles, but it's the difference between being able to afford a new car payment and moving into a better apartment with an extra bedroom for your kids," cooper says.
the wage increases would pump an additional $22 billion into the economy, cooper says, noting that workers tend to spend most of their paychecks, while employees save more.
but michael saltsman, research director for the employment policies institute, says minimum wage increases would force businesses to lay off workers or hire fewer people.
"when their costs increase, they either have to pass them off through higher prices or produce a product or service at a lower cost," saltsman says. "that means doing it with fewer workers."
fast-food restaurants, he says, would be more prone to replace employees with new technology, such as ordering devices.
a study released in february by the congressional budget office found that boosting the federal minimum wage to $10.10 an hour would lift americans out of poverty but reduce employment by about workers.
cooper notes that the report analyzed other studies of minimum wage increases and that more recent studies have found minimal job losses.
read or share this story:
|
fast-food* ˈwərkərz hoʊld ˈplækərdz ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ən ˌɪnˈkris əv ðə ˈwərkərz' ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ ɪn nu jɔrk ɔn meɪ 15 2014 ˈwərkərz əraʊnd ðə wərld steɪʤd ə ˈgloʊbəl ˈproʊˌtɛst ˈækʃənz tɪ dɪˈmænd ən ˌɪnˈkris əv ðɛr ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ tɪ 15 ən aʊər. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ɪˈmænjuəl dunand*, ˈɪmɪʤɪz) ðə ˈwɔˌkaʊts ˈθərzˌdeɪ ər pɑrt əv ə ˈbrɔdər ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd ˈɛfərt tɪ reɪz ðə ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ fər ˈmɪljənz əv ˌloʊˈɪnkəm ˈwərkərz, ə kæmˈpeɪn ðæts groʊɪŋ səkˈsɛs ɪn steɪts ənd ˈsɪtiz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ. səˈpɔrtərz seɪ ðət ˈreɪzɪŋ ˈweɪʤɪz wʊd ˈæˌdrɛs groʊɪŋ ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti bɪtˈwin ðə rɪʧ ənd pur ɛz ðə ˈneɪʃən kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ rɪˈkəvər tu sˈloʊli frəm ðə greɪt ˌriˈsɛʃən. əˈpoʊnənts seɪ peɪ haɪks wʊd min lɔst ʤɑbz ənd kʊd sloʊ ə ˈfræʤəl rɪˈkəvəri. ˈproʊˌtɛsts: ˈwərkərz straɪk fər haɪər ˈweɪʤɪz ə bɪl, bækt baɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə, tɪ reɪz ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈmɪnəməm ˈaʊrli weɪʤ frəm tɪ baɪ leɪt 2016 həz stɔld ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs du tɪ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən. bət ˈsɛvən steɪts hæv pæst ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ðɪs jɪr tɪ reɪz ðə ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ. fɔr hæv əˈpruvd ˌɪnˈkrisɪz tɪ æt list ən aʊər kəˈnɛtəkət, ˈmɛrələnd, həˈwaɪˌi ənd vərˈmɑnt. θri ˈəðərz ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə, wɛst vərˈʤɪnjə ənd ˈdɛləˌwɛr hæv pæst sˈmɔlər ˌɪnˈkrisɪz. prəˈpoʊzəlz tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ hæv bɪn ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪn æt list 30 ˈəðər steɪts, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs. ˈsɪtiz ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈækʃən. sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, ˈsænə feɪ, sæn ˌhoʊˈzeɪ ənd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ər əˈməŋ ˈsɪtiz ðət hæv ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ əˈbəv ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈfɛdərəl ˈlɛvəl. ˈəðərz ər weɪɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrisɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ nu jɔrk, sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ənd ˈpɔrtlənd, meɪn. siˈætəl ɪz kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈsɛtɪŋ ðə ˈneɪʃənz haɪəst ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ 15 ən aʊər, wɪʧ wʊd mæʧ wət ðə ˈstraɪkɪŋ ˈwərkərz ər ˈsikɪŋ. prəˈpoʊnənts seɪ ə ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ ˌɪnˈkris wʊd ˈboʊlstər ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk rɪˈkəvəri ðət həz ˈmoʊstli ˈbɛnəˌfɪtɪd ðə ˈwɛlθi hu oʊn stɑks ˈivɪn ɛz ʤɑb geɪnz hæv bɪn ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ ˈsɛktərz. ˈɪndəstriz səʧ ɛz ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ənd ˈriˌteɪl əˈkaʊntɪd fər 22 əv ʤɑbz lɔst ɪn ðə ˌriˈsɛʃən bət 44 əv ʤɑbz ˈædɪd ɪn ðə pæst fɔr jɪrz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈrisənt ˈstədi baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ɪmˈplɔɪmənt lɔ ˈprɑʤɛkt. mɪd- ənd ˈsɛktərz, ˈminˌwaɪl, stɪl hæv fɑr fjuər ʤɑbz ðən ðeɪ dɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌriˈsɛʃən. "ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi həz nɑt bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ fər moʊst ˈwərkərz," sɪz ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkupər, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈænəlɪst æt ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsi ˈɪnstɪˌtut. "moʊst ˈpipəl ər stɪl ˈstrəgəlɪŋ." ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ wɑz læst reɪzd ɪn 2009 ənd ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ˈrisənt ˈdɛkeɪdz hæv nɑt kɛpt peɪs wɪθ ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən, ˈkupər sɪz. ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈfɛdərəl ˈmɪnəməm ɪz 27 bɪˈloʊ ðə 1968 reɪt ˈæftər əˈkaʊnɪŋ fər ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən. ən ˈstədi faʊnd ðət ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə ˈmɪnəməm ˈfɛdərəl reɪt tɪ wʊd reɪz peɪ fər 28 ˈmɪljən ˈwərkərz. ðoʊz ˌɪnˈklud ˈwərkərz ˈərnɪŋ ˈəðərz ˈərnɪŋ frəm tɪ ənd səm peɪd ər sˈlaɪtli əˈbəv hu wʊd ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ə haɪər peɪ skeɪl. "ɪts nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈdræstɪkli ʧeɪnʤ ˈlaɪfˌstaɪlz, bət ɪts ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈfɔrd ə nu kɑr ˈpeɪmənt ənd ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ˈbɛtər əˈpɑrtmənt wɪθ ən ˈɛkstrə ˈbɛˌdrum fər jʊr kɪdz," ˈkupər sɪz. ðə weɪʤ ˌɪnˈkrisɪz wʊd pəmp ən əˈdɪʃənəl 22 ˈbɪljən ˈɪntu ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi, ˈkupər sɪz, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ˈwərkərz tɛnd tɪ spɛnd moʊst əv ðɛr ˈpeɪˌʧɛks, waɪl ɪmˈplɔɪiz seɪv mɔr. bət ˈmaɪkəl ˈsɔltsmən, ˈrisərʧ dɪˈrɛktər fər ðə ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ˈpɑləsiz ˈɪnstɪˌtut, sɪz ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ ˌɪnˈkrisɪz wʊd fɔrs ˈbɪznɪsɪz tɪ leɪ ɔf ˈwərkərz ər haɪər fjuər ˈpipəl. "wɪn ðɛr kɔsts ˌɪnˈkris, ðeɪ ˈiðər hæv tɪ pæs ðɛm ɔf θru haɪər ˈpraɪsɪz ər ˈproʊdus ə ˈprɑdəkt ər ˈsərvɪs æt ə loʊər kɔst," ˈsɔltsmən sɪz. "ðət minz duɪŋ ɪt wɪθ fjuər ˈwərkərz." ˈrɛˌstrɑnts, hi sɪz, wʊd bi mɔr proʊn tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ɪmˈplɔɪiz wɪθ nu tɛkˈnɑləʤi, səʧ ɛz ˈɔrdərɪŋ dɪˈvaɪsɪz. ə ˈstədi riˈlist ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri baɪ ðə kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈbəʤɪt ˈɔfəs faʊnd ðət ˈbustɪŋ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ tɪ ən aʊər wʊd lɪft əˈmɛrɪkənz aʊt əv ˈpɑvərti bət rɪˈdus ɪmˈplɔɪmənt baɪ əˈbaʊt ˈwərkərz. ˈkupər noʊts ðət ðə rɪˈpɔrt ˈænəˌlaɪzd ˈəðər ˈstədiz əv ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ənd ðət mɔr ˈrisənt ˈstədiz hæv faʊnd ˈmɪnəməl ʤɑb ˈlɔsɪz. rɛd ər ʃɛr ðɪs ˈstɔri:
|
several public interest groups allege that (t) and verizon wireless (vz) are forcing mobile carriers to charge higher prices for customers.
the groups claim that so-called roaming charges amount to "monopoly rent" the two biggest u.s. carriers use to prevent other companies from offering even lower prices. that harms competition, limits consumer choice and results in higher costs for mobile phone users, they say.
individual mobile carriers have their own wireless networks, but often must use those of another carrier to complete a call or transfer data. roaming charges are the bills mobile carriers send each other for that borrowed network use. the amounts are effectively like electronic road tolls. because and verizon are dominant and have the largest mobile networks, other carriers often must use that infrastructure.
the concern is that if the roaming rates are set high enough, smaller carriers must artificially increase prices for their customers. unable to offer lower prices, these carriers are hamstrung in trying to compete with verizon and in ways that might lower prices for consumers.
carrier t-mobile has asked the federal communications commission for guidance regarding what kind arrangements are deemed by the agency to be commercially reasonable. the company raised the question of whether other carriers -- specifically and verizon -- charge "artificially high" rates that can exceed the "relevant retail rate" or the amounts charged to foreign carriers when their subscribers using roaming services in the u.s.
according to an filing by public knowledge, common cause, benton foundation and the new america foundation, there is "dysfunction in the roaming market" that creates "anticompetitive harm." as the groups wrote:
the ability of and verizon to impose artificially high data roaming costs on rivals (or deny data roaming altogether) allows and verizon to maintain artificially high prices for their own customers. in addition, and verizon can maintain a highly aggressive cap on data usage, coupled with significant charges, by denying competitors such as t-mobile the ability to offer truly unlimited data packages. as documented by t-mobile in their petition , the high price of data roaming effectively prohibits t-mobile from offering and mobile broadband access by making it impossible to offer such packages at anything close to an affordable price.
at&t declined a request for comment. instead, the company pointing to a company blog post that stated in part, "there is no justification for granting petition -- in fact, according to own economist, wholesale roaming rates have trended 'downward strongly' in recent years, and the average wholesale roaming rates paid by t-mobile have fallen nearly 70 percent since 2011 and continue to decline."
in a filing responding to claims, verizon wireless said that since april 2011 the company has entered or renewed 48 agreements and that since then average charges have declined by roughly 40 percent.
|
ˈsɛvərəl ˈpəblɪk ˈɪntəˌrɛst grups əˈlɛʤ ðət (ti) ənd ˌvɛˈraɪzən ˈwaɪrlɪs (vz*) ər ˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈmoʊbəl ˈkɛriərz tɪ ʧɑrʤ haɪər ˈpraɪsɪz fər ˈkəstəmərz. ðə grups kleɪm ðət ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˈroʊmɪŋ ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈmaʊnt tɪ "məˈnɑpəli rɛnt" ðə tu ˈbɪgəst juz. ˈkɛriərz juz tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈəðər ˈkəmpəˌniz frəm ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈivɪn loʊər ˈpraɪsɪz. ðət hɑrmz ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən, ˈlɪmɪts kənˈsumər ʧɔɪs ənd rɪˈzəlts ɪn haɪər kɔsts fər ˈmoʊbəl foʊn ˈjuzərz, ðeɪ seɪ. ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈmoʊbəl ˈkɛriərz hæv ðɛr oʊn ˈwaɪrlɪs ˈnɛtˌwərks, bət ˈɔfən məst juz ðoʊz əv əˈnəðər ˈkɛriər tɪ kəmˈplit ə kɔl ər ˈtrænsfər ˈdætə. ˈroʊmɪŋ ˈʧɑrʤɪz ər ðə bɪlz ˈmoʊbəl ˈkɛriərz sɛnd iʧ ˈəðər fər ðət ˈbɑˌroʊd ˈnɛtˌwərk juz. ðə əˈmaʊnts ər ˈifɛktɪvli laɪk ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk roʊd toʊlz. bɪˈkəz ənd ˌvɛˈraɪzən ər ˈdɑmənənt ənd hæv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈmoʊbəl ˈnɛtˌwərks, ˈəðər ˈkɛriərz ˈɔfən məst juz ðət ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər. ðə kənˈsərn ɪz ðət ɪf ðə ˈroʊmɪŋ reɪts ər sɛt haɪ ɪˈnəf, sˈmɔlər ˈkɛriərz məst ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəli ˌɪnˈkris ˈpraɪsɪz fər ðɛr ˈkəstəmərz. əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈɔfər loʊər ˈpraɪsɪz, ðiz ˈkɛriərz ər ˈhæmstrəŋ ɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ kəmˈpit wɪθ ˌvɛˈraɪzən ənd ɪn weɪz ðət maɪt loʊər ˈpraɪsɪz fər kənˈsumərz. ˈkɛriər ˈtiˌmoʊbəl həz æst ðə ˈfɛdərəl kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz kəˈmɪʃən fər ˈgaɪdəns rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ wət kaɪnd ərˈeɪnʤmənts ər dimd baɪ ðə ˈeɪʤənsi tɪ bi kəˈmərʃəli ˈrizənəbəl. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni reɪzd ðə kˈwɛʃən əv ˈwɛðər ˈəðər ˈkɛriərz spəˈsɪfɪkli ənd ˌvɛˈraɪzən ʧɑrʤ "ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəli haɪ" reɪts ðət kən ɪkˈsid ðə "ˈrɛləvənt ˈriˌteɪl reɪt" ər ðə əˈmaʊnts ʧɑrʤd tɪ ˈfɔrən ˈkɛriərz wɪn ðɛr səbˈskraɪbərz ˈjuzɪŋ ˈroʊmɪŋ ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪn ðə juz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ən ˈfaɪlɪŋ baɪ ˈpəblɪk ˈnɑlɪʤ, ˈkɑmən kɔz, ˈbɛntən faʊnˈdeɪʃən ənd ðə nu əˈmɛrɪkə faʊnˈdeɪʃən, ðɛr ɪz "dɪsˈfəŋkʃən ɪn ðə ˈroʊmɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪt" ðət kriˈeɪts "ˌæntɪkəmˈpɛtɪtɪv hɑrm." ɛz ðə grups roʊt: ðə əˈbɪləˌti əv ənd ˌvɛˈraɪzən tɪ ˌɪmˈpoʊz ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəli haɪ ˈdætə ˈroʊmɪŋ kɔsts ɔn ˈraɪvəlz (ər dɪˈnaɪ ˈdætə ˈroʊmɪŋ ˌɔltəˈgɛðər) əˈlaʊz ənd ˌvɛˈraɪzən tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəli haɪ ˈpraɪsɪz fər ðɛr oʊn ˈkəstəmərz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ənd ˌvɛˈraɪzən kən meɪnˈteɪn ə ˈhaɪli əˈgrɛsɪv kæp ɔn ˈdætə ˈjusɪʤ, ˈkəpəld wɪθ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈʧɑrʤɪz, baɪ dɪˈnaɪɪŋ kəmˈpɛtɪtərz səʧ ɛz ˈtiˌmoʊbəl ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈɔfər ˈtruli ənˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈdætə ˈpækɪʤɪz. ɛz ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd baɪ ˈtiˌmoʊbəl ɪn ðɛr pəˈtɪʃən ðə haɪ praɪs əv ˈdætə ˈroʊmɪŋ ˈifɛktɪvli proʊˈhɪbəts ˈtiˌmoʊbəl frəm ˈɔfərɪŋ ənd ˈmoʊbəl ˈbrɔdˌbænd ˈækˌsɛs baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ˈɔfər səʧ ˈpækɪʤɪz æt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ kloʊz tɪ ən əˈfɔrdəbəl praɪs. dɪˈklaɪnd ə rɪkˈwɛst fər ˈkɑmɛnt. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈpɔɪntɪŋ tɪ ə ˈkəmpəˌni blɔg poʊst ðət ˈsteɪtɪd ɪn pɑrt, "ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən fər ˈgrænɪŋ pəˈtɪʃən ɪn fækt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ oʊn ɪˈkɑnəmɪst, ˈhoʊlˌseɪl ˈroʊmɪŋ reɪts hæv ˈtrɛndɪd 'ˈdaʊnwərd ˈstrɔŋli' ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, ənd ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈhoʊlˌseɪl ˈroʊmɪŋ reɪts peɪd baɪ ˈtiˌmoʊbəl hæv ˈfɑlən ˈnɪrli 70 pərˈsɛnt sɪns 2011 ənd kənˈtɪnju tɪ dɪˈklaɪn." ɪn ə ˈfaɪlɪŋ rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ kleɪmz, ˌvɛˈraɪzən ˈwaɪrlɪs sɛd ðət sɪns ˈeɪprəl 2011 ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz ˈɛnərd ər rɪˈnud 48 əˈgrimənts ənd ðət sɪns ðɛn ˈævərɪʤ ˈʧɑrʤɪz hæv dɪˈklaɪnd baɪ ˈrəfli 40 pərˈsɛnt.
|
the release of is causing all kinds of havoc in the. fans have been flooding the big subway stations in hopes of obtaining one from the ticket machines, though some without much success. earlier today the new york city the locations where the collaborative card would be sold, including larger stops like times square and broadway lafayette. it was originally thought the card was only available for purchase by picking up a $75, but the has since released a statement revealing the card can be purchased for any amount. check out some of the clips below.
when a metro card is the only supreme you can afford a post shared by process (@processhsk) on feb 20, 2017 at
|
ðə riˈlis əv ɪz ˈkɔzɪŋ ɔl kaɪnz əv ˈhævək ɪn ðə. fænz hæv bɪn ˈflədɪŋ ðə bɪg ˈsəbˌweɪ ˈsteɪʃənz ɪn hoʊps əv əbˈteɪnɪŋ wən frəm ðə ˈtɪkɪt məˈʃinz, ðoʊ səm wɪˈθaʊt məʧ səkˈsɛs. ˈərliər təˈdeɪ ðə nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ðə loʊˈkeɪʃənz wɛr ðə kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪv kɑrd wʊd bi soʊld, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈlɑrʤər stɑps laɪk taɪmz skwɛr ənd ˈbrɔdˌweɪ ˌlɑfiˈɛt. ɪt wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli θɔt ðə kɑrd wɑz ˈoʊnli əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈpərʧəs baɪ ˈpɪkɪŋ əp ə 75, bət ðə həz sɪns riˈlist ə ˈsteɪtmənt rɪˈvilɪŋ ðə kɑrd kən bi ˈpərʧəst fər ˈɛni əˈmaʊnt. ʧɛk aʊt səm əv ðə klɪps bɪˈloʊ. wɪn ə ˈmɛˌtroʊ kɑrd ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli səˈprim ju kən əˈfɔrd ə poʊst ʃɛrd baɪ ˈprɔˌsɛs (@processhsk*) ɔn ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri 20 2017 æt
|
illustrations by skip sterling
he’d spent years wondering when the other shoe would drop. the revelation had taken him by surprise the best possible thing that could have happened under the circumstances, his lawyer said and yet the promise of it weighed too heavily for him to completely go along with it. part of him was sure it true at all.
this story was produced in partnership with matter
he’d told his girlfriend, jasmine. she seem to believe it, either. maybe it was that even this new, shorter prison sentence still seemed too long to someone barely 20. or maybe she like how the news seemed to change him. she bristled when he got serious and talked about marriage. her visits slowed, then stopped. he kept her picture on the wall of his cell.
only after rene walked out and the gate of crowley county correctional facility shut behind him, on april 24, 2008, did he finally decide he have to worry anymore. he was 29 years old and a free man, released after serving a decade of what had first been a sentence of 98 years.
jasmine came to see him right away. they stared at each other for what seemed like an hour. she said he looked weird. he was thinner, his long hair cut short. but he could not be denied now, standing there in person. he had told her he was going to change in prison, and he told her now that done it.
they moved in together. he became a father to her son. he found a job, and then a better one, and then a union job, working construction on skyscrapers in the center of denver. the family went to church. they took older relatives in at their new, bigger house in a nice section of aurora. there was another child, also a boy, and a wedding timed for when be done with his five years of parole. and, eventually, the demands of everyday life papered over the past. life became about bills, chores, church, and soccer with the boys. days and weeks passed with only the smallest reminders of the person once been.
then on tuesday, jan. 7, 2014, he was getting ready for another day in the sky, installing glass windows in buildings high above the city. his cell buzzed. he recognize the number. the woman on the line said she was from the denver public office. she understand it all herself, not yet. the prosecutor was saying that his release from prison five years and eight months earlier a lifetime ago, a life managed to mostly will out of his mind had been a mistake. a clerical error. a judge just signed off on the order. he had to go back.
for the longest time, he had no words. finally, he managed a question.
is this even possible?
officers came to get him that day. they let him hug his young boys one last time, and then cuffed him out of their sight. and at a hastily arranged hearing, it was all confirmed. rene’s next chance at freedom would be in 2054, when he would be 75 years old.
t he kit carson correctional center is a state prison on an empty expanse of midwestern plain, about as far from denver as you can get and still be in the state of colorado. one of about 700 inmates, now 36, with broad shoulders and a head of wiry dark hair, still short has found a few things to do that will keep him out of trouble: a business class in the mornings, a group on saturdays and sundays, some chess in the common area when he feels like it. that still leaves too much time to think about happened. it help, he says, when practically everyone he sees, inmates and guards alike, seem to acknowledge that he may be one of the only guys who really belong there.
in a swivel chair in a small interview room down the hall from his cell, seems unaccustomed to confinement still his bodily movements for a life inside concrete, cutting off his arm gestures before they become too expansive. his voice is steady but also guarded, as if he knows if he tries too hard to explain himself only seem defensive. “you have numerous amounts of time to just reflect and think, ‘why is this happening?’” he says. the one moment he tears up during my visit is when he talks about his sons missing thanksgiving with them, missing christmas. “i’m constantly replaying that in my head not being there and experiencing things with them. and watching television help me any because everything you watch, it all points to family.” coming back inside, to him, is most jarring because of how, despite the last five years, it all is so familiar. “nothing really changes,” he says. what has changed, he says forcefully, is him.
the young man who went in 17 years ago was so different, he says, he even went by a different name. had dropped the “lima” and went by michael then, a more name than the one been given in cuba. his parents had brought him to america when he was two in 1980, during a period when castro was letting some people leave. his father had been a welder in cuba; in the u.s., he worked janitorial and carpentry jobs. his mother had been a nurse; she worked at a bank and sold cars. they argued often and eventually divorced. by then, michael was 16 and had already served one term in a juvenile prison for stealing cars.
getting the cars was easy: smash the window, pry out the ignition slot with a hammer and screwdriver, and on the road. he did it with his best friend, michael clifton, with whom formed a sort of gang. “we were like brothers,” says. “we were always together.” their friends called them the two michaels. clifton was almost a full head shorter than, but just as audacious. “the girls loved them,” says older brother, derrick. “they were definitely sharp. they definitely fed off each other.” their thing drugs or booze, but money. they both wanted to be players, with the right clothes, the right jewelry, the right car stereos. “it was all about girls and having things and looking nice,” remembers. “and because we have the money, we wanted to get and have all these things as quickly as possible.”
not long after’s parents had split up, he took over the lease of an apartment his mother was renting, and he and clifton made it their headquarters. it was during this time that, in 1998, noticed jasmine chambers at the mall. she was 16, two years younger than rene. she remembers him as a player, not to be tied down; he remembers how innocent seemed. “she really impressionable,” he says, meaning it as a compliment. “she was just kind of sweet.”
lima-marin and clifton both got jobs for a short time at a blockbuster around the corner from the apartment; clifton even became a manager. but by then, their social schedule came with a big budget. they were regularly throwing parties in their apartment. friends crashed there all the time. to keep it all going, they needed more money than any day job could provide. together, they devised a plan.
they knew how their blockbuster operated and so, by extension, they knew how all the other blockbusters in denver operated, too. they knew that each location had a safe in the back, and that at least one person on duty had the combination. they knew where the surveillance equipment was, and which machine had the tapes. they knew that all employees were instructed to cooperate during a robbery, to ensure personal safety. they thought need guns, but not bullets. “we knew exactly how it would pan out, based on what we knew employees were trained to do,” says. “it felt like a big step, but we worked there. it was a matter of just going in and telling him we wanted the money from the safe.” they thought they were just planning out a heist, nothing more.
t he first call to the police came at a.m. on sept. 13, 1998, from a blockbuster in the center of aurora. the manager had just arrived for work when two men smashed the window, sent him to open the safe, and left with $6,766. the suspects were wearing bandanas around their faces, one carried a long rifle. there was another witness, a man who saw the men leave in a honda civic, and noticed it had an plate. moments later, a driver on called in a complaint about what seemed like the same car. the caller described arizona plates.
later that night, it all happened again, this time at a hollywood video around the corner. but with another slight variation from the script. two clerks were in the store, not just one. and clifton brought them both into a back room, forcing one onto the floor and the other to open the safe. “they put a gun to the back of my head and said, ‘this is where going to die,’” one of the employees, shane ashurst, later recalled. the men took $3,735.
it took only a few days for police to connect the robberies to and clifton. the manager of the blockbuster where they used to work heard that the police were looking for a honda civic with an arizona plate, and she gave them’s name. the police got a warrant for his apartment and car and found everything: the rifles, the surveillance tapes, the cash. for clifton and, it was over. the evidence was irrefutable.
i t was a string of robberies, but of course it just that. in the eyes of the law, everything about the two friends’ spree was important. every step mattered. every movement within those stores.
both men received two counts of burglary and three counts of aggravated robbery, for each of the three employees they made cooperate at the two stores. that surprised. “they gave me three counts because of the three people,” he says, “but i rob three people. i robbed two stores.” then came the kidnapping charges: three counts of kidnapping, because forced three employees in those two robberies to move from one part of a store to another. is still outraged by this. they were never going to take anyone. “the point of the robbery was to get people to give you the money,” he says.
lima-marin just facing more charges than he expected, but the prosecutors were pursuing those charges with surprising zeal. back in those days, denver had been rocked by years of alarming homicide rates. gangs had made inroads into the suburbs, including montbello, where’s family had lived in a housing project. the mark for public alarm came during the “summer of violence” in 1993, when a stray bullet from a drive-by shooting killed a boy and another killed a child on a visit to the denver zoo. no suburb of denver may have done more to try to curb the influx of gang violence than arapahoe county, the center of which was the town of aurora, where and clifton lived.
in the mid-’90s, public alarm nationally had reached a over so-called super-predators, juvenile offenders so impulsive that they killed or maimed without giving much thought to the consequences. demographers and social scientists were predicting greater crime waves to come, citing data suggesting that a small percentage of young criminals were responsible for a huge swath of violent crime. the solution, many prosecutors and police thought, was to lock them away for as long as possible until their wild years were behind them. judicial district, in arapahoe county, was proudly out in front of the trend. in 1987, the county had debuted a sentencing protocol called the chronic offender program, or cop, to deal with young kids predisposed to committing violent crimes. the perfect target of cop was someone who seemed, on the surface, to be a lot like: a violent criminal who was young, and therefore statistically more likely to commit more crimes if allowed back on the streets.
a panel would review each case to decide whether it was right for cop. “we tried to look at the entire situation: the entire crime, the previous crimes, and other circumstances,” says john hower, the prosecutor who handled all cop cases from 1987 to 1993. “but defense lawyers absolutely hated the program. defendants in the jail would tell others, ‘don’t do a burglary in arapahoe county, because throw the book at you.’” (in the years that followed, cop fell out of use. “the defendants who created a need for the cop program around anymore,” says rich orman, a senior deputy district attorney who has handled some cop cases and who recently became involved in’s case.)
lima-marin says he had been ready to plea out, but when the cop prosecutor at the time, frank moschetti, came with an offer of 75 years, knew he accept that deal. under sentencing policies, the plea offer might have been based on concurrent, not consecutive, sentencing, drastically reducing the time have to spend behind bars.’s only alternative was to roll the dice at trial. maybe get lucky and the judge would rule the evidence inadmissible. “they left me with no other choice but to try to figure out a way to win, if you will,” he says. “even though i did do it.”
on jan. 31, 2000, a jury found both and clifton guilty on all eight counts. the sentences were to be served consecutively, for a total of 98 years. offered the chance to say something before the judge and jury, was too stunned to speak. judge john leopold seemed to sympathize: “i am not comfortable, frankly, with the way the case is charged,” he said as the two men stood before him. “but that is a district attorney decision that i find i have no control over.”
s o how does a sentence like this vanish? how does 98 years become 10? it make sense to, and yet going against it made even less.
he remembers first learning about the possibility of life after prison shortly after arriving at the crowley county correctional facility, when he received a visit from a public defender assigned to handle his appeal. “i had no clue and no idea of how none of this worked,” says. as he recalls, his lawyer surprised him by telling him that she think he ought to appeal at all. the best possible scenario had unfolded, he remembers her saying: “you no longer have 98 years. what you have is 16 years.”
when he said he understand, the lawyer offered no explanation. he says she never even mentioned a clerical error. from what he could gather, looked at his case file for the first time before meeting him, and when she read it, she saw that his release date was consistent with a sentence, as if his sentences were running concurrently. since this matched the most favorable outcome he could expect from an appeal, he remembers her saying that it made no sense even to bother filing one. she handed him a sheet of paper, he signed it, and he never saw her again.
back in his cell, wondered how this was possible. other inmates told him that if he wanted to make sure his lawyer was right, he should ask to see what everyone called his “green sheet,” the official department of corrections record of his sentence and parole eligibility. the green sheet was gospel, he was told; whatever was on the green sheet, the doc would follow. sure enough, his green sheet confirmed what his lawyer had said: 16 years.
lima-marin felt a rush of relief. “i felt like, i still have a chance here. to live life,” he says. his time felt provisional now his early release was his to screw up. he got into a few fights early on, but they were over too quickly for anyone to notice. then, about a year and a half into his time at crowley, he met another inmate, a tall, imposing former gang member who had undergone a transformation. “he’d been an og, and everyone knew him, but he was completely for god now,” says. “i wanted to find out why.” through his new friend, he joined a small prayer group and spent every available moment with them. they offered him independent reinforcement it could be done; a person could change. he stopped going by “michael” to underscore the transformation. he was rene now.
we are witnesses a portrait of the u.s. immigration system in 12 short films
there may have been no more meaningful measure of how much changed than the new view he took of his best friend. michael clifton had been sent to a harsher prison, limon correctional facility, which also houses inmates. remembers writing to his friend about his shorter sentence when he first found out, and that clifton replied with congratulations. “he was like, ‘man, good’ and all that.” but as he kept reading letters, he help thinking they were on different paths. in time, the letters felt like piercing reminders of the person he no longer wanted to be.
“everything that he wrote me about were things i want to hear about and i want to talk about,” he says. “‘i’m doing this over here and gambling over there.’ so i mentioned that to him not in a way of forcing it saying, ‘listen, brother, different, and trying to abide by what learning.’”
when clifton “kind of blew it off,” says, he stopped writing back. “i got to the point of this being a lifestyle for me not a game, not something i do just to be doing it or on specific days. he understanding that.”
l behavior record at crowley was clean. in his time there, evidently been a model inmate an embodiment, some say a rare one, of the ability to rehabilitate career criminals. he was granted parole in april 2008, six years before the end of his sentence. just a few days after arriving at his place in aurora, he sent a myspace message to jasmine. they moved in together almost immediately.
he was 29. his entire adult life up to that point had been spent in prison; now he had no money, no job, and no professional qualifications. jasmine supported him while he got back on his feet. he sold coupon books door-to-door, then worked in a phone bank selling dish network subscriptions, and then became the phone supervisor. even so, he happy. he was starting to feel the same impatience had as a teenager. “i wanted to have more,” he says. “it was somewhat the attitude i had before, but twisted. it was not satisfied with what i have, and going to get it the right way.”
it had never occurred to him that changing might be harder on the outside than it had been in prison. it was easy to replace old worries with new ones. there was the lack of simplicity and structure to life outside. “there are a lot fewer temptations in prison,” he says. “you study every day. you have to put food on the table, everything is provided for you.” in the real world, he to young people at group homes, and he recorded some rap gospel music with his friends been selected and tested to overcome this oppression / of sin and bondage trying to hold me down but pressing / god's protection that brought me through these times of depression / ’cause through the spirit they can hear it ’cause it be neglected). but he had distractions, responsibilities. weekly trips to church became erratic. “it was me just being me, i guess.”
but soon, his life gained a new shape. he married jasmine. he worked to become vested in his union. “i remember talking to a friend. i said, ‘look at where i am. i was in prison for the rest of my life. now i have two boys, we both have nice jobs, we both have cars.’ i was kind of proud of what i had accomplished.”
there was only one outstanding reminder of the past, one he did his best to ignore. one day, ran into brother, derrick, at the aurora mall. “i almost wanted to hide,” he says. “i thought, ‘should i turn, do i not want him to see me?’ but i. i just walked up to him. he never mentioned his brother.”
derrick clifton remembers this, too. “it was like seen a ghost. ‘no way, this is michael marin standing right in front of me?’ and then all kinds of stuff starts to go through your head. like ‘how is he out?’ and ‘this make sense.’ and ‘where is my brother?’ and ‘what’s going on?’”
“i ’m in a tight situation,” michael clifton says over the phone one evening from sterling correctional facility in central colorado. he still calls his onetime friend by his old name, michael marin. “we did everything together. we called each other brothers,” he says. “we used to like to dress where coordinate our clothes. our thing was females. always just hang out and shop, whether it was legal or illegal, for our clothes and jewelry.”
their lives, of course, had diverged behind bars. where had a clean record, clifton stabbed another inmate, and was punished for it with time at the colorado state penitentiary, a level v prison. and while found religion, clifton joined the bloods as sort of an adjunct, member, he insists. even now, clifton is housed at sterling, “the deadliest prison in colorado,” he notes, with six reported homicides since 2010.
clifton has been looking forward to speaking up about his old case, because from the first time he heard about the change in’s sentence, thought’s good news might translate into his own. “we were both given excessive sentences,” he says.
he says known about’s suddenly shorter sentence for years and never told anyone about it. but he has a different recollection of when learned the news. according to clifton, it happened just after their conviction, at the denver reception & diagnostic center. “when i came back from seeing my case manager, i got to talk to him [in the hallway] before we went back to our pods,” he says. “i was shocked. but he showed me the actual paper, and his” parole eligibility date “was, i think, 2014. my at that time was
he offered right away not to mention the mistake before was safely out and through his parole. this was no small thing: it meant that clifton note the discrepancy in his appeal attempt. “i going to bring it up,” he says.
according to clifton, seem to care about anything clifton was saying about covering for him. he was more focused on the deeper meaning of what had happened. “he said, ‘man, going to change my life. going to do a complete change, man. gonna give my life to god.’” only now, perhaps, does clifton understand how serious must have been about that. “when you look at that error or mistake,” he says, “you do think that getting a second chance.”
clifton remembers how their friendship faded much the same way that does:’s objections to his coarse language and subject matter of his letters; their correspondence falling off gradually. only one bitter note in version, a moment after broken off contact, when he was in lockdown, that he sent a letter, but left it completely blank.
r ich orman, in the arapahoe county office, received an email at a.m. on jan. 7, 2014, from a magistrate judge who years earlier had been the prosecutor who had secured the convictions against and clifton. the subject line was “a question out of the blue.”
rich, i was just checking the doc inmate website, and there is a person i prosecuted under the cop program who is not there. his co-defendant, michael clifton, is there (with an initial parole eligibility date some 30 years away)…. i am hoping somehow i just may have missed something, but i fear that somehow he might have been mistakenly released early or something. would you mind checking into the situation? thanks, frank moschetti
orman called the doc at once. he learned not only that was free, but that been out more than five years, completing his parole. he checked the state computer system and noticed a strange phrase tacked on to each of’s eight convictions: “no sentences.” orman wondered if someone else might have been as confused by that phrase as he was, and decided that his sentences were concurrent.
orman notified the judge of the error in a memo by p.m., and had the order in hand two hours later. was arrested that night, and the hearing that sent him back to jail took place the following day. “people talk about inefficiency in government?” orman says, smiling. “this was very quick.”
one reason for the speed may have been that officials were still reeling from another case of an accidental release. in january 2013, a prisoner from colorado named evan ebel had been released four years early. a clerk had mistakenly written in his file that the sentence was to be served concurrently. two months later, ebel killed two men, including the colorado prisons chief, tom clements. the case had sparked an audit of other cases; even so,’s case reportedly did not come up in that audit, escaping scrutiny until moschetti noticed it several months later.
the ebel and cases are not the only ones with clerical glitches. in april 2014, a california murder suspect named johnny mata was released when the court clerk failed to enter an order to keep him in custody; he fled to mexico, where he was captured. in a string of nebraska cases last year, at least 200 prisoners were released as a result of a flawed computer formula used to calculate sentences. the denver sheriff department reported five erroneous releases from its downtown detention center during a span in 2014; at least one of those was blamed on an inaccurate court order. and in another case, a missouri man named anderson was sentenced to 13 years for armed robbery in 2000 but never received information on when and where to report to prison. he started a business, got married, had kids, and volunteered at his church before the error was caught on july 25, 2013, just as his original sentence was supposed to end. anderson was sent to prison to serve out his sentence but was released on may 5, 2014, the judge calling him a changed man.
last march,’s new public defender, marnie adams, filed a motion with the court arguing that no longer deserved or needed prison, and that to send him back amounted to cruel and unusual punishment and that he had “a legitimate expectation of the finality” of his prison sentence when they let him out in 2008. his life outside prison proved changed: “now, mr. is a committed family man who inspires others with his love and dedication to his family.”
in a lengthy reply on behalf of the state, rich orman described’s five years and eight months of accidental freedom as a great stroke of luck: how many other inmates would have jumped at the chance for a furlough? the fact that lived like a model citizen for five years, orman argued, should have no bearing. “plainly said,” orman wrote in his reply, “the defendant had no business getting married and starting a family.”
on april 21, judge william sylvester sided with orman, ruling against’s motion to be released. the judge cited a ruling from white v. pearlman, a 1930 case in which a clerical error released an inmate two years early, that there could be “no doubt of the power of the government to recommit a prisoner who is released or discharged by mistake.” he went a step further to say that “could not have had a legitimate expectation of finality in his original sentence when he was mistakenly released early, based on a clerical error.” hired an appeals lawyer, patrick, who had represented anderson in missouri. to, the main question of’s case is not whether he knew about the clerical error and should have brought it to the attention; whether he should be punished for the mistake at all. “to conclude [lima-marin] should have insisted that he was being wrongfully released from prison ignores reality,” argued in an august motion. “no rational individual would question the motives or correctness of his jailers and insist that they remain in prison for the rest of their life.” has asked to appear before the court to contest the matter in oral arguments. a hearing date has yet to be set.
l understands the strangeness of his life that the same clerical error that brought him out of jail may have saved him. without that error, he thinks, his time in prison may have been like michael, turbulent and violent. without that error, he might never have built a family at all. without that error, he sometimes wonders, who would he be? “some people might think this is extreme,” he says. “but i feel to a certain degree, that some of this is about to me.”
his family is caught up in this now. back in aurora, jasmine and a group of clergymen are lobbying the governor to grant her husband clemency. they have not heard anything yet. she is raising an and a by herself. she tells them that she know when their father will come home. the younger boy, josiah, or jo-jo, has been acting out, doing a lot of baby talk. jasmine and the boys can afford to drive out to see once a month. he and jasmine talk on the phone every night. they going to church so often before he went back to prison. but been going weekly ever since, with the kids. the pastor has been telling jasmine that what is happening to her and is a test. she is inclined to agree. so is he.
our visit is coming to an end. after we talk, will return to his cell and resume his old prison life, for how long he know. he seems restless now, speaking more urgently, trying harder to get across what he thinks is really happening to him and what should happen. on one level, he believes he is reformed and that proven he no longer poses a risk to society that a new man serving an old sentence. “what’s happened to me, obvious to me, is wrong,” he says. he often says being punished for the same crime twice. why he thinks being subjected to a second glitch.
lima-marin’s life, after all, has comprised a series of reversals, each of them drastic: from a life sentence to freedom; from to faithful father; from selfishness to religious fervor. and now, every inch of progress has been ripped away. there has to be a reason.
he searches for it in memories: skipping church every now and then to coach soccer. ministering with his music, but not face to face. “i’d come home and tired. and then you have the bills. so much going on. not putting forth all of the effort that supposed to be into the word, into study, into prayer. i pushed the lord to the side, and it became about life.”
he looks up, pausing, worried said too much, struggling to find the right words. and then he does. “jonah ran from what god wanted him to do,” he says. “so he had to be placed in a position to be able to hear from god.”
|
ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz baɪ skɪp ˈstərlɪŋ spɛnt jɪrz ˈwəndərɪŋ wɪn ðə ˈəðər ʃu wʊd drɔp. ðə ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən hæd ˈteɪkən ɪm baɪ səˈpraɪz ðə bɛst ˈpɑsəbəl θɪŋ ðət kʊd hæv ˈhæpənd ˈəndər ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz, hɪz ˈlɔjər sɛd ənd jɛt ðə ˈprɑməs əv ɪt weɪd tu ˈhɛvəli fər ɪm tɪ kəmˈplitli goʊ əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ɪt. pɑrt əv ɪm wɑz ʃʊr ɪt tru æt ɔl. ðɪs ˈstɔri wɑz prəˈdust ɪn ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈmætər toʊld hɪz ˈgərlˌfrɛnd, ˈʤæzmɪn. ʃi sim tɪ bɪˈliv ɪt, ˈiðər. ˈmeɪbi ɪt wɑz ðət ˈivɪn ðɪs nu, ˈʃɔrtər ˈprɪzən ˈsɛntəns stɪl simd tu lɔŋ tɪ ˈsəmˌwən ˈbɛrli 20 ər ˈmeɪbi ʃi laɪk haʊ ðə nuz simd tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ɪm. ʃi ˈbrɪsəld wɪn hi gɑt ˈsɪriəs ənd tɔkt əˈbaʊt ˈmɛrɪʤ. hər ˈvɪzɪts sloʊd, ðɛn stɑpt. hi kɛpt hər ˈpɪkʧər ɔn ðə wɔl əv hɪz sɛl. ˈoʊnli ˈæftər rəˈneɪ wɔkt aʊt ənd ðə geɪt əv ˈkraʊli ˈkaʊnti kərˈɛkʃənəl fəˈsɪlɪti ʃət bɪˈhaɪnd ɪm, ɔn ˈeɪprəl 24 2008 dɪd hi ˈfaɪnəli ˌdɪˈsaɪd hi hæv tɪ ˈwəri ˌɛniˈmɔr. hi wɑz 29 jɪrz oʊld ənd ə fri mæn, riˈlist ˈæftər ˈsərvɪŋ ə ˈdɛkeɪd əv wət hæd fərst bɪn ə ˈsɛntəns əv 98 jɪrz. ˈʤæzmɪn keɪm tɪ si ɪm raɪt əˈweɪ. ðeɪ stɛrd æt iʧ ˈəðər fər wət simd laɪk ən aʊər. ʃi sɛd hi lʊkt wɪrd. hi wɑz ˈθɪnər, hɪz lɔŋ hɛr kət ʃɔrt. bət hi kʊd nɑt bi dɪˈnaɪd naʊ, ˈstændɪŋ ðɛr ɪn ˈpərsən. hi hæd toʊld hər hi wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˈprɪzən, ənd hi toʊld hər naʊ ðət dən ɪt. ðeɪ muvd ɪn təˈgɛðər. hi bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈfɑðər tɪ hər sən. hi faʊnd ə ʤɑb, ənd ðɛn ə ˈbɛtər wən, ənd ðɛn ə ˈjunjən ʤɑb, ˈwərkɪŋ kənˈstrəkʃən ɔn ˈskaɪˌskreɪpərz ɪn ðə ˈsɛnər əv ˈdɛnvər. ðə ˈfæməli wɛnt tɪ ʧərʧ. ðeɪ tʊk ˈoʊldər ˈrɛlətɪvz ɪn æt ðɛr nu, ˈbɪgər haʊs ɪn ə nis ˈsɛkʃən əv ərˈɔrə. ðɛr wɑz əˈnəðər ʧaɪld, ˈɔlsoʊ ə bɔɪ, ənd ə ˈwɛdɪŋ taɪmd fər wɪn bi dən wɪθ hɪz faɪv jɪrz əv pəroʊl. ənd, ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, ðə dɪˈmændz əv ˈɛvriˈdeɪ laɪf ˈpeɪpərd ˈoʊvər ðə pæst. laɪf bɪˈkeɪm əˈbaʊt bɪlz, ʧɔrz, ʧərʧ, ənd ˈsɑkər wɪθ ðə bɔɪz. deɪz ənd wiks pæst wɪθ ˈoʊnli ðə sˈmɔləst riˈmaɪndərz əv ðə ˈpərsən wəns bɪn. ðɛn ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ʤæn. 7 2014 hi wɑz ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈrɛdi fər əˈnəðər deɪ ɪn ðə skaɪ, ˌɪnˈstɔlɪŋ glæs ˈwɪndoʊz ɪn ˈbɪldɪŋz haɪ əˈbəv ðə ˈsɪti. hɪz sɛl bəzd. hi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðə ˈnəmbər. ðə ˈwʊmən ɔn ðə laɪn sɛd ʃi wɑz frəm ðə ˈdɛnvər ˈpəblɪk ˈɔfəs. ʃi ˌəndərˈstænd ɪt ɔl hərˈsɛlf, nɑt jɛt. ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər wɑz seɪɪŋ ðət hɪz riˈlis frəm ˈprɪzən faɪv jɪrz ənd eɪt mənθs ˈərliər ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əˈgoʊ, ə laɪf ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ˈmoʊstli wɪl aʊt əv hɪz maɪnd hæd bɪn ə mɪˈsteɪk. ə ˈklɛrɪkəl ˈɛrər. ə ʤəʤ ʤɪst saɪnd ɔf ɔn ðə ˈɔrdər. hi hæd tɪ goʊ bæk. fər ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst taɪm, hi hæd noʊ wərdz. ˈfaɪnəli, hi ˈmænɪʤd ə kˈwɛʃən. ɪz ðɪs ˈivɪn ˈpɑsəbəl? ˈɔfɪsərz keɪm tɪ gɪt ɪm ðət deɪ. ðeɪ lɛt ɪm həg hɪz jəŋ bɔɪz wən læst taɪm, ənd ðɛn kəft ɪm aʊt əv ðɛr saɪt. ənd æt ə ˈheɪstəli əreɪnʤd ˈhirɪŋ, ɪt wɑz ɔl kənˈfərmd. rəˈneɪ nɛkst ʧæns æt ˈfridəm wʊd bi ɪn 2054 wɪn hi wʊd bi 75 jɪrz oʊld. ti hi kɪt ˈkɑrzən kərˈɛkʃənəl ˈsɛnər ɪz ə steɪt ˈprɪzən ɔn ən ˈɛmti ɪkˈspæns əv mɪdˈwɛstərn pleɪn, əˈbaʊt ɛz fɑr frəm ˈdɛnvər ɛz ju kən gɪt ənd stɪl bi ɪn ðə steɪt əv ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ. wən əv əˈbaʊt 700 ˈɪnˌmeɪts, naʊ 36 wɪθ brɔd ˈʃoʊldərz ənd ə hɛd əv ˈwɪri dɑrk hɛr, stɪl ʃɔrt həz faʊnd ə fju θɪŋz tɪ du ðət wɪl kip ɪm aʊt əv ˈtrəbəl: ə ˈbɪznɪs klæs ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋz, ə grup ɔn ˈsætərdiz ənd ˈsənˌdiz, səm ʧɛs ɪn ðə ˈkɑmən ˈɛriə wɪn hi filz laɪk ɪt. ðət stɪl livz tu məʧ taɪm tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ˈhæpənd. ɪt hɛlp, hi sɪz, wɪn ˈpræktɪkəli ˈɛvriˌwən hi siz, ˈɪnˌmeɪts ənd gɑrdz əˈlaɪk, sim tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðət hi meɪ bi wən əv ðə ˈoʊnli gaɪz hu ˈrɪli bɪˈlɔŋ ðɛr. ɪn ə sˈwɪvəl ʧɛr ɪn ə smɔl ˈɪntərvˌju rum daʊn ðə hɔl frəm hɪz sɛl, simz ˌənəˈkəstəmd tɪ kənˈfaɪnmənt stɪl hɪz ˈbɑdəli ˈmuvmənts fər ə laɪf ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈkɑnkrit, ˈkətɪŋ ɔf hɪz ɑrm ˈʤɛsʧərz ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ bɪˈkəm tu ɪkˈspænsɪv. hɪz vɔɪs ɪz ˈstɛdi bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈgɑrdɪd, ɛz ɪf hi noʊz ɪf hi traɪz tu hɑrd tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn hɪmˈsɛlf ˈoʊnli sim dɪˈfɛnsɪv. hæv ˈnumərəs əˈmaʊnts əv taɪm tɪ ʤɪst rɪˈflɛkt ənd θɪŋk, ɪz ðɪs happening?’”*?’” hi sɪz. ðə wən ˈmoʊmənt hi tɪrz əp ˈdʊrɪŋ maɪ ˈvɪzɪt ɪz wɪn hi tɔks əˈbaʊt hɪz sənz ˈmɪsɪŋ ˌθæŋksˈgɪvɪŋ wɪθ ðɛm, ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈkrɪsməs. ˈkɑnstəntli riˈpleɪɪŋ ðət ɪn maɪ hɛd nɑt biɪŋ ðɛr ənd ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ θɪŋz wɪθ ðɛm. ənd ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən hɛlp mi ˈɛni bɪˈkəz ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ju wɔʧ, ɪt ɔl pɔɪnts tɪ family.”*.” ˈkəmɪŋ bæk ˌɪnˈsaɪd, tɪ ɪm, ɪz moʊst ˈʤɑrɪŋ bɪˈkəz əv haʊ, dɪˈspaɪt ðə læst faɪv jɪrz, ɪt ɔl ɪz soʊ fəˈmɪljər. ˈrɪli changes,”*,” hi sɪz. wət həz ʧeɪnʤd, hi sɪz ˈfɔrsfəli, ɪz ɪm. ðə jəŋ mæn hu wɛnt ɪn 17 jɪrz əˈgoʊ wɑz soʊ ˈdɪfərənt, hi sɪz, hi ˈivɪn wɛnt baɪ ə ˈdɪfərənt neɪm. hæd drɑpt ðə ““lima”*” ənd wɛnt baɪ ˈmaɪkəl ðɛn, ə mɔr neɪm ðən ðə wən bɪn ˈgɪvɪn ɪn ˈkjubə. hɪz ˈpɛrənts hæd brɔt ɪm tɪ əˈmɛrɪkə wɪn hi wɑz tu ɪn 1980 ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈpɪriəd wɪn ˈkæstroʊ wɑz ˈlɛtɪŋ səm ˈpipəl liv. hɪz ˈfɑðər hæd bɪn ə ˈwɛldər ɪn ˈkjubə; ɪn ðə juz., hi wərkt ˌʤænɪˈtɔriəl ənd ˈkɑrpəntri ʤɑbz. hɪz ˈməðər hæd bɪn ə nərs; ʃi wərkt æt ə bæŋk ənd soʊld kɑz. ðeɪ ˈɑrgjud ˈɔfən ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli dɪˈvɔrst. baɪ ðɛn, ˈmaɪkəl wɑz 16 ənd hæd ɔˈrɛdi sərvd wən tərm ɪn ə ˈʤuvəˌnaɪl ˈprɪzən fər ˈstilɪŋ kɑz. ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə kɑz wɑz ˈizi: smæʃ ðə ˈwɪndoʊ, praɪ aʊt ðə ˌɪgˈnɪʃən slɑt wɪθ ə ˈhæmər ənd ˈskruˌdraɪvər, ənd ɔn ðə roʊd. hi dɪd ɪt wɪθ hɪz bɛst frɛnd, ˈmaɪkəl ˈklɪftən, wɪθ hum fɔrmd ə sɔrt əv gæŋ. wər laɪk brothers,”*,” sɪz. wər ˈɔlˌweɪz together.”*.” ðɛr frɛndz kɔld ðɛm ðə tu ˈmaɪkəlz. ˈklɪftən wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə fʊl hɛd ˈʃɔrtər ðən, bət ʤɪst ɛz ɑˈdeɪʃəs. gərlz ləvd them,”*,” sɪz ˈoʊldər ˈbrəðər, ˈdɛrɪk. wər ˈdɛfənətli ʃɑrp. ðeɪ ˈdɛfənətli fɛd ɔf iʧ other.”*.” ðɛr θɪŋ drəgz ər buz, bət ˈməni. ðeɪ boʊθ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bi pleɪərz, wɪθ ðə raɪt kloʊðz, ðə raɪt ˈʤuəlri, ðə raɪt kɑr ˈstɛriˌoʊz. wɑz ɔl əˈbaʊt gərlz ənd ˈhævɪŋ θɪŋz ənd ˈlʊkɪŋ nice,”*,” rɪˈmɛmbərz. bɪˈkəz wi hæv ðə ˈməni, wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ gɪt ənd hæv ɔl ðiz θɪŋz ɛz kˈwɪkli ɛz possible.”*.” nɑt lɔŋ ˈæftər ˈpɛrənts hæd splɪt əp, hi tʊk ˈoʊvər ðə lis əv ən əˈpɑrtmənt hɪz ˈməðər wɑz ˈrɛntɪŋ, ənd hi ənd ˈklɪftən meɪd ɪt ðɛr ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz. ɪt wɑz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs taɪm ðət, ɪn 1998 ˈnoʊtɪst ˈʤæzmɪn ˈʧeɪmbərz æt ðə mɔl. ʃi wɑz 16 tu jɪrz ˈjəŋgər ðən rəˈneɪ. ʃi rɪˈmɛmbərz ɪm ɛz ə pleɪər, nɑt tɪ bi taɪd daʊn; hi rɪˈmɛmbərz haʊ ˈɪnəsənt simd. ˈrɪli impressionable,”*,” hi sɪz, ˈminɪŋ ɪt ɛz ə ˈkɑmpləmɛnt. wɑz ʤɪst kaɪnd əv sweet.”*.” ənd ˈklɪftən boʊθ gɑt ʤɑbz fər ə ʃɔrt taɪm æt ə ˈblɑkˌbəstər əraʊnd ðə ˈkɔrnər frəm ðə əˈpɑrtmənt; ˈklɪftən ˈivɪn bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈmænɪʤər. bət baɪ ðɛn, ðɛr ˈsoʊʃəl ˈskɛʤʊl keɪm wɪθ ə bɪg ˈbəʤɪt. ðeɪ wər ˈrɛgjələrli θroʊɪŋ ˈpɑrtiz ɪn ðɛr əˈpɑrtmənt. frɛndz kræʃt ðɛr ɔl ðə taɪm. tɪ kip ɪt ɔl goʊɪŋ, ðeɪ ˈnidɪd mɔr ˈməni ðən ˈɛni deɪ ʤɑb kʊd prəˈvaɪd. təˈgɛðər, ðeɪ dɪˈvaɪzd ə plæn. ðeɪ nu haʊ ðɛr ˈblɑkˌbəstər ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd ənd soʊ, baɪ ɪkˈstɛnʃən, ðeɪ nu haʊ ɔl ðə ˈəðər ˈblɑkˌbəstərz ɪn ˈdɛnvər ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd, tu. ðeɪ nu ðət iʧ loʊˈkeɪʃən hæd ə seɪf ɪn ðə bæk, ənd ðət æt list wən ˈpərsən ɔn ˈduti hæd ðə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən. ðeɪ nu wɛr ðə sərˈveɪləns ɪkˈwɪpmənt wɑz, ənd wɪʧ məˈʃin hæd ðə teɪps. ðeɪ nu ðət ɔl ɪmˈplɔɪiz wər ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd tɪ kˈwɑpərˌeɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈrɑbəri, tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ˈpərsɪnəl ˈseɪfti. ðeɪ θɔt nid gənz, bət nɑt ˈbʊləts. nu ɪgˈzæktli haʊ ɪt wʊd pæn aʊt, beɪst ɔn wət wi nu ɪmˈplɔɪiz wər treɪnd tɪ do,”*,” sɪz. fɛlt laɪk ə bɪg stɛp, bət wi wərkt ðɛr. ɪt wɑz ə ˈmætər əv ʤɪst goʊɪŋ ɪn ənd ˈtɛlɪŋ ɪm wi ˈwɔntɪd ðə ˈməni frəm ðə safe.”*.” ðeɪ θɔt ðeɪ wər ʤɪst ˈplænɪŋ aʊt ə haɪst, ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr. ti hi fərst kɔl tɪ ðə pəˈlis keɪm æt a.m*. ɔn sɛpt. 13 1998 frəm ə ˈblɑkˌbəstər ɪn ðə ˈsɛnər əv ərˈɔrə. ðə ˈmænɪʤər hæd ʤɪst əraɪvd fər wərk wɪn tu mɛn smæʃt ðə ˈwɪndoʊ, sɛnt ɪm tɪ ˈoʊpən ðə seɪf, ənd lɛft wɪθ ðə ˈsəˌspɛkts wər ˈwɛrɪŋ ˌbænˈdænəz əraʊnd ðɛr ˈfeɪsɪz, wən ˈkɛrid ə lɔŋ ˈraɪfəl. ðɛr wɑz əˈnəðər ˈwɪtnəs, ə mæn hu sɔ ðə mɛn liv ɪn ə ˈhɔndə ˈsɪvɪk, ənd ˈnoʊtɪst ɪt hæd ən pleɪt. ˈmoʊmənts ˈleɪtər, ə ˈdraɪvər ɔn kɔld ɪn ə kəmˈpleɪnt əˈbaʊt wət simd laɪk ðə seɪm kɑr. ðə ˈkɔlər dɪˈskraɪbd ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə pleɪts. ˈleɪtər ðət naɪt, ɪt ɔl ˈhæpənd əˈgɛn, ðɪs taɪm æt ə ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈvɪdioʊ əraʊnd ðə ˈkɔrnər. bət wɪθ əˈnəðər slaɪt ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən frəm ðə skrɪpt. tu klərks wər ɪn ðə stɔr, nɑt ʤɪst wən. ənd ˈklɪftən brɔt ðɛm boʊθ ˈɪntu ə bæk rum, ˈfɔrsɪŋ wən ˈɔntu ðə flɔr ənd ðə ˈəðər tɪ ˈoʊpən ðə seɪf. pʊt ə gən tɪ ðə bæk əv maɪ hɛd ənd sɛd, ɪz wɛr goʊɪŋ tɪ die,’”*,’” wən əv ðə ɪmˈplɔɪiz, ʃeɪn ˈæʃərst, ˈleɪtər rɪˈkɔld. ðə mɛn tʊk ɪt tʊk ˈoʊnli ə fju deɪz fər pəˈlis tɪ kəˈnɛkt ðə ˈrɑbəriz tɪ ənd ˈklɪftən. ðə ˈmænɪʤər əv ðə ˈblɑkˌbəstər wɛr ðeɪ juzd tɪ wərk hərd ðət ðə pəˈlis wər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə ˈhɔndə ˈsɪvɪk wɪθ ən ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə pleɪt, ənd ʃi geɪv ðɛm neɪm. ðə pəˈlis gɑt ə ˈwɔrənt fər hɪz əˈpɑrtmənt ənd kɑr ənd faʊnd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ: ðə ˈraɪfəlz, ðə sərˈveɪləns teɪps, ðə kæʃ. fər ˈklɪftən ənd, ɪt wɑz ˈoʊvər. ðə ˈɛvədəns wɑz ˌɪrəfˈjutəbəl. aɪ ti wɑz ə strɪŋ əv ˈrɑbəriz, bət əv kɔrs ɪt ʤɪst ðət. ɪn ðə aɪz əv ðə lɔ, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə tu friends’*’ spri wɑz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. ˈɛvəri stɛp ˈmætərd. ˈɛvəri ˈmuvmənt wɪˈθɪn ðoʊz stɔrz. boʊθ mɛn rɪˈsivd tu kaʊnts əv ˈbərgləri ənd θri kaʊnts əv ˈægrəˌveɪtɪd ˈrɑbəri, fər iʧ əv ðə θri ɪmˈplɔɪiz ðeɪ meɪd kˈwɑpərˌeɪt æt ðə tu stɔrz. ðət səˈpraɪzd. geɪv mi θri kaʊnts bɪˈkəz əv ðə θri people,”*,” hi sɪz, aɪ rɑb θri ˈpipəl. aɪ rɑbd tu stores.”*.” ðɛn keɪm ðə ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋ ˈʧɑrʤɪz: θri kaʊnts əv ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋ, bɪˈkəz fɔrst θri ɪmˈplɔɪiz ɪn ðoʊz tu ˈrɑbəriz tɪ muv frəm wən pɑrt əv ə stɔr tɪ əˈnəðər. ɪz stɪl ˈaʊˌtreɪʤd baɪ ðɪs. ðeɪ wər ˈnɛvər goʊɪŋ tɪ teɪk ˈɛniˌwən. pɔɪnt əv ðə ˈrɑbəri wɑz tɪ gɪt ˈpipəl tɪ gɪv ju ðə money,”*,” hi sɪz. ʤɪst ˈfeɪsɪŋ mɔr ˈʧɑrʤɪz ðən hi ɪkˈspɛktɪd, bət ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz wər pərˈsuɪŋ ðoʊz ˈʧɑrʤɪz wɪθ səˈpraɪzɪŋ zil. bæk ɪn ðoʊz deɪz, ˈdɛnvər hæd bɪn rɑkt baɪ jɪrz əv əˈlɑrmɪŋ ˈhɑməˌsaɪd reɪts. gæŋz hæd meɪd ˈɪnˌroʊdz ˈɪntu ðə ˈsəbərbz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ montbello*, wɛr ˈfæməli hæd lɪvd ɪn ə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkt. ðə mɑrk fər ˈpəblɪk əˈlɑrm keɪm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə əv violence”*” ɪn 1993 wɪn ə streɪ ˈbʊlət frəm ə ˈdraɪvˈbaɪ ˈʃutɪŋ kɪld ə bɔɪ ənd əˈnəðər kɪld ə ʧaɪld ɔn ə ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ðə ˈdɛnvər zu. noʊ ˈsəbərb əv ˈdɛnvər meɪ hæv dən mɔr tɪ traɪ tɪ kərb ðə ˈɪnˌfləks əv gæŋ ˈvaɪələns ðən ərˈæpəˌhoʊ ˈkaʊnti, ðə ˈsɛnər əv wɪʧ wɑz ðə taʊn əv ərˈɔrə, wɛr ənd ˈklɪftən lɪvd. ɪn ðə mid-’90s*, ˈpəblɪk əˈlɑrm ˈnæʃənəli hæd riʧt ə ˈoʊvər ˈsoʊˈkɔld super-predators*, ˈʤuvəˌnaɪl əˈfɛndərz soʊ ˌɪmˈpəlsɪv ðət ðeɪ kɪld ər meɪmd wɪˈθaʊt ˈgɪvɪŋ məʧ θɔt tɪ ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz. dɪˈmɑgrəfərz ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪəntɪsts wər prɪˈdɪktɪŋ ˈgreɪtər kraɪm weɪvz tɪ kəm, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ˈdætə səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ə smɔl pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv jəŋ ˈkrɪmənəlz wər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ə juʤ swɑθ əv ˈvaɪələnt kraɪm. ðə səˈluʃən, ˈmɛni ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ənd pəˈlis θɔt, wɑz tɪ lɑk ðɛm əˈweɪ fər ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl ənˈtɪl ðɛr waɪld jɪrz wər bɪˈhaɪnd ðɛm. ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈdɪstrɪkt, ɪn ərˈæpəˌhoʊ ˈkaʊnti, wɑz ˈpraʊdli aʊt ɪn frənt əv ðə trɛnd. ɪn 1987 ðə ˈkaʊnti hæd ˈdeɪbjutɪd ə ˈsɛntənsɪŋ ˈproʊtəˌkɔl kɔld ðə ˈkrɑnɪk əˈfɛndər ˈproʊˌgræm, ər kɑp, tɪ dil wɪθ jəŋ kɪdz ˌpridɪˈspoʊzd tɪ kəˈmɪtɪŋ ˈvaɪələnt kraɪmz. ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈtərgət əv kɑp wɑz ˈsəmˌwən hu simd, ɔn ðə ˈsərfəs, tɪ bi ə lɔt laɪk: ə ˈvaɪələnt ˈkrɪmənəl hu wɑz jəŋ, ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr stəˈtɪstɪkəli mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ kəˈmɪt mɔr kraɪmz ɪf əˈlaʊd bæk ɔn ðə strits. ə ˈpænəl wʊd ˌrivˈju iʧ keɪs tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ˈwɛðər ɪt wɑz raɪt fər kɑp. traɪd tɪ lʊk æt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən: ðə ɪnˈtaɪər kraɪm, ðə ˈpriviəs kraɪmz, ənd ˈəðər circumstances,”*,” sɪz ʤɑn haʊər, ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər hu ˈhændəld ɔl kɑp ˈkeɪsɪz frəm 1987 tɪ 1993 dɪˈfɛns ˈlɔjərz ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈheɪtɪd ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. dɪˈfɛndənts ɪn ðə ʤeɪl wʊd tɛl ˈəðərz, du ə ˈbərgləri ɪn ərˈæpəˌhoʊ ˈkaʊnti, bɪˈkəz θroʊ ðə bʊk æt you.’”*.’” (ɪn ðə jɪrz ðət ˈfɑloʊd, kɑp fɛl aʊt əv juz. dɪˈfɛndənts hu kriˈeɪtɪd ə nid fər ðə kɑp ˈproʊˌgræm əraʊnd anymore,”*,” sɪz rɪʧ ˈɔrmən, ə ˈsinjər ˈdɛpjəti ˈdɪstrɪkt əˈtərni hu həz ˈhændəld səm kɑp ˈkeɪsɪz ənd hu ˈrisəntli bɪˈkeɪm ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn keɪs.) sɪz hi hæd bɪn ˈrɛdi tɪ pli aʊt, bət wɪn ðə kɑp ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər æt ðə taɪm, fræŋk moʊˈskɛti, keɪm wɪθ ən ˈɔfər əv 75 jɪrz, nu hi əkˈsɛpt ðət dil. ˈəndər ˈsɛntənsɪŋ ˈpɑləsiz, ðə pli ˈɔfər maɪt hæv bɪn beɪst ɔn kənˈkərənt, nɑt kənˈsɛkjətɪv, ˈsɛntənsɪŋ, ˈdræstɪkli rɪˈdusɪŋ ðə taɪm hæv tɪ spɛnd bɪˈhaɪnd bɑrz. ˈoʊnli ɔlˈtərnətɪv wɑz tɪ roʊl ðə daɪs æt traɪəl. ˈmeɪbi gɪt ˈləki ənd ðə ʤəʤ wʊd rul ðə ˈɛvədəns ˌɪnədˈmɪsəbəl. lɛft mi wɪθ noʊ ˈəðər ʧɔɪs bət tɪ traɪ tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt ə weɪ tɪ wɪn, ɪf ju will,”*,” hi sɪz. ðoʊ aɪ dɪd du it.”*.” ɔn ʤæn. 31 2000 ə ˈʤʊri faʊnd boʊθ ənd ˈklɪftən ˈgɪlti ɔn ɔl eɪt kaʊnts. ðə ˈsɛntənsɪz wər tɪ bi sərvd kənˈsɛkjətɪvli, fər ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 98 jɪrz. ˈɔfərd ðə ʧæns tɪ seɪ ˈsəmθɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ʤəʤ ənd ˈʤʊri, wɑz tu stənd tɪ spik. ʤəʤ ʤɑn ˈliəˌpoʊld simd tɪ ˈsɪmpəˌθaɪz: æm nɑt ˈkəmfərtəbəl, ˈfræŋkli, wɪθ ðə weɪ ðə keɪs ɪz charged,”*,” hi sɛd ɛz ðə tu mɛn stʊd ˌbiˈfɔr ɪm. ðət ɪz ə ˈdɪstrɪkt əˈtərni dɪˈsɪʒən ðət aɪ faɪnd aɪ hæv noʊ kənˈtroʊl over.”*.” ɛs oʊ haʊ dɪz ə ˈsɛntəns laɪk ðɪs ˈvænɪʃ? haʊ dɪz 98 jɪrz bɪˈkəm 10 ɪt meɪk sɛns tɪ, ənd jɛt goʊɪŋ əˈgɛnst ɪt meɪd ˈivɪn lɛs. hi rɪˈmɛmbərz fərst ˈlərnɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv laɪf ˈæftər ˈprɪzən ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ərˈaɪvɪŋ æt ðə ˈkraʊli ˈkaʊnti kərˈɛkʃənəl fəˈsɪlɪti, wɪn hi rɪˈsivd ə ˈvɪzɪt frəm ə ˈpəblɪk dɪˈfɛndər əˈsaɪnd tɪ ˈhændəl hɪz əˈpil. hæd noʊ klu ənd noʊ aɪˈdiə əv haʊ nən əv ðɪs worked,”*,” sɪz. ɛz hi ˈriˌkɔlz, hɪz ˈlɔjər səˈpraɪzd ɪm baɪ ˈtɛlɪŋ ɪm ðət ʃi θɪŋk hi ɔt tɪ əˈpil æt ɔl. ðə bɛst ˈpɑsəbəl sɪˈnɛrioʊ hæd ənˈfoʊldəd, hi rɪˈmɛmbərz hər seɪɪŋ: noʊ ˈlɔŋgər hæv 98 jɪrz. wət ju hæv ɪz 16 years.”*.” wɪn hi sɛd hi ˌəndərˈstænd, ðə ˈlɔjər ˈɔfərd noʊ ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən. hi sɪz ʃi ˈnɛvər ˈivɪn ˈmɛnʃənd ə ˈklɛrɪkəl ˈɛrər. frəm wət hi kʊd ˈgæðər, lʊkt æt hɪz keɪs faɪl fər ðə fərst taɪm ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmitɪŋ ɪm, ənd wɪn ʃi rɛd ɪt, ʃi sɔ ðət hɪz riˈlis deɪt wɑz kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ə ˈsɛntəns, ɛz ɪf hɪz ˈsɛntənsɪz wər ˈrənɪŋ kənˈkərəntli. sɪns ðɪs mæʧt ðə moʊst ˈfeɪvərəbəl ˈaʊtˌkəm hi kʊd ɪkˈspɛkt frəm ən əˈpil, hi rɪˈmɛmbərz hər seɪɪŋ ðət ɪt meɪd noʊ sɛns ˈivɪn tɪ ˈbɑðər ˈfaɪlɪŋ wən. ʃi ˈhændɪd ɪm ə ʃit əv ˈpeɪpər, hi saɪnd ɪt, ənd hi ˈnɛvər sɔ hər əˈgɛn. bæk ɪn hɪz sɛl, ˈwəndərd haʊ ðɪs wɑz ˈpɑsəbəl. ˈəðər ˈɪnˌmeɪts toʊld ɪm ðət ɪf hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ meɪk ʃʊr hɪz ˈlɔjər wɑz raɪt, hi ʃʊd æsk tɪ si wət ˈɛvriˌwən kɔld hɪz sheet,”*,” ðə əˈfɪʃəl dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv kərˈɛkʃənz ˈrɛkərd əv hɪz ˈsɛntəns ənd pəroʊl ˌɛlɪʤəˈbɪlɪti. ðə grin ʃit wɑz ˈgɔspəl, hi wɑz toʊld; ˌwəˈtɛvər wɑz ɔn ðə grin ʃit, ðə dɑk wʊd ˈfɑloʊ. ʃʊr ɪˈnəf, hɪz grin ʃit kənˈfərmd wət hɪz ˈlɔjər hæd sɛd: 16 jɪrz. fɛlt ə rəʃ əv rɪˈlif. fɛlt laɪk, aɪ stɪl hæv ə ʧæns hir. tɪ lɪv life,”*,” hi sɪz. hɪz taɪm fɛlt prəˈvɪʒənəl naʊ hɪz ˈərli riˈlis wɑz hɪz tɪ skru əp. hi gɑt ˈɪntu ə fju faɪts ˈərli ɔn, bət ðeɪ wər ˈoʊvər tu kˈwɪkli fər ˈɛniˌwən tɪ ˈnoʊtɪs. ðɛn, əˈbaʊt ə jɪr ənd ə hæf ˈɪntu hɪz taɪm æt ˈkraʊli, hi mɛt əˈnəðər ˈɪnˌmeɪt, ə tɔl, ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ ˈfɔrmər gæŋ ˈmɛmbər hu hæd ˌəndərˈgɔn ə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən. bɪn ən ɑg, ənd ˈɛvriˌwən nu ɪm, bət hi wɑz kəmˈplitli fər gɑd now,”*,” sɪz. ˈwɔntɪd tɪ faɪnd aʊt why.”*.” θru hɪz nu frɛnd, hi ʤɔɪnd ə smɔl prɛr grup ənd spɛnt ˈɛvəri əˈveɪləbəl ˈmoʊmənt wɪθ ðɛm. ðeɪ ˈɔfərd ɪm ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt ɪt kʊd bi dən; ə ˈpərsən kʊd ʧeɪnʤ. hi stɑpt goʊɪŋ baɪ ““michael”*” tɪ ˌəndərˈskɔr ðə ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən. hi wɑz rəˈneɪ naʊ. wi ər ˈwɪtnəsɪz ə ˈpɔrtrət əv ðə juz. ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈsɪstəm ɪn 12 ʃɔrt fɪlmz ðɛr meɪ hæv bɪn noʊ mɔr ˈminɪŋfəl ˈmɛʒər əv haʊ məʧ ʧeɪnʤd ðən ðə nu vju hi tʊk əv hɪz bɛst frɛnd. ˈmaɪkəl ˈklɪftən hæd bɪn sɛnt tɪ ə ˈhɑrʃər ˈprɪzən, ˈlɪmən kərˈɛkʃənəl fəˈsɪlɪti, wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhaʊsɪz ˈɪnˌmeɪts. rɪˈmɛmbərz ˈraɪtɪŋ tɪ hɪz frɛnd əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈʃɔrtər ˈsɛntəns wɪn hi fərst faʊnd aʊt, ənd ðət ˈklɪftən rɪˈplaɪd wɪθ kənˌgræʧəˈleɪʃənz. wɑz laɪk, ‘‘man*, good’*’ ənd ɔl that.”*.” bət ɛz hi kɛpt ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈlɛtərz, hi hɛlp ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðeɪ wər ɔn ˈdɪfərənt pæθs. ɪn taɪm, ðə ˈlɛtərz fɛlt laɪk ˈpɪrsɪŋ riˈmaɪndərz əv ðə ˈpərsən hi noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bi. ðət hi roʊt mi əˈbaʊt wər θɪŋz aɪ wɔnt tɪ hir əˈbaʊt ənd aɪ wɔnt tɪ tɔk about,”*,” hi sɪz. duɪŋ ðɪs ˈoʊvər hir ənd ˈgæmbəlɪŋ ˈoʊvər there.’*.’ soʊ aɪ ˈmɛnʃənd ðət tɪ ɪm nɑt ɪn ə weɪ əv ˈfɔrsɪŋ ɪt seɪɪŋ, ‘‘listen*, ˈbrəðər, ˈdɪfərənt, ənd traɪɪŋ tɪ əˈbaɪd baɪ wət learning.’”*.’” wɪn ˈklɪftən əv blu ɪt off,”*,” sɪz, hi stɑpt ˈraɪtɪŋ bæk. gɑt tɪ ðə pɔɪnt əv ðɪs biɪŋ ə ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl fər mi nɑt ə geɪm, nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ du ʤɪst tɪ bi duɪŋ ɪt ər ɔn spɪˈsɪfɪk deɪz. hi ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ that.”*.” ɛl bɪˈheɪvjər ˈrɛkərd æt ˈkraʊli wɑz klin. ɪn hɪz taɪm ðɛr, ˈɛvədəntli bɪn ə ˈmɑdəl ˈɪnˌmeɪt ən ɛmˈbɑdimənt, səm seɪ ə rɛr wən, əv ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˌriəˈbɪləˌteɪt kərɪr ˈkrɪmənəlz. hi wɑz ˈgrænɪd pəroʊl ɪn ˈeɪprəl 2008 sɪks jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɛnd əv hɪz ˈsɛntəns. ʤɪst ə fju deɪz ˈæftər ərˈaɪvɪŋ æt hɪz pleɪs ɪn ərˈɔrə, hi sɛnt ə ˈmaɪˌspeɪs ˈmɛsɪʤ tɪ ˈʤæzmɪn. ðeɪ muvd ɪn təˈgɛðər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. hi wɑz 29 hɪz ɪnˈtaɪər ˈædəlt laɪf əp tɪ ðət pɔɪnt hæd bɪn spɛnt ɪn ˈprɪzən; naʊ hi hæd noʊ ˈməni, noʊ ʤɑb, ənd noʊ prəˈfɛʃənəl kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃənz. ˈʤæzmɪn səˈpɔrtɪd ɪm waɪl hi gɑt bæk ɔn hɪz fit. hi soʊld ˈkuˌpɔn bʊks door-to-door*, ðɛn wərkt ɪn ə foʊn bæŋk ˈsɛlɪŋ dɪʃ ˈnɛtˌwərk səbˈskrɪpʃənz, ənd ðɛn bɪˈkeɪm ðə foʊn ˈsupərˌvaɪzər. ˈivɪn soʊ, hi ˈhæpi. hi wɑz ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ fil ðə seɪm ˌɪmˈpeɪʃəns hæd ɛz ə ˈtiˌneɪʤər. ˈwɔntɪd tɪ hæv more,”*,” hi sɪz. wɑz ˈsəmˈwət ðə ˈætəˌtud aɪ hæd ˌbiˈfɔr, bət tˈwɪstɪd. ɪt wɑz nɑt ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd wɪθ wət aɪ hæv, ənd goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt ɪt ðə raɪt way.”*.” ɪt hæd ˈnɛvər əˈkərd tɪ ɪm ðət ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ maɪt bi ˈhɑrdər ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðən ɪt hæd bɪn ɪn ˈprɪzən. ɪt wɑz ˈizi tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs oʊld ˈwəriz wɪθ nu wənz. ðɛr wɑz ðə læk əv sɪmˈplɪsɪti ənd ˈstrəkʧər tɪ laɪf ˈaʊtˈsaɪd. ər ə lɔt fjuər tɛmˈteɪʃənz ɪn prison,”*,” hi sɪz. ˈstədi ˈɛvəri deɪ. ju hæv tɪ pʊt fud ɔn ðə ˈteɪbəl, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz prəˈvaɪdɪd fər you.”*.” ɪn ðə ril wərld, hi tɪ jəŋ ˈpipəl æt grup hoʊmz, ənd hi rɪˈkɔrdɪd səm ræp ˈgɔspəl mˈjuzɪk wɪθ hɪz frɛndz bɪn səˈlɛktɪd ənd ˈtɛstɪd tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ðɪs əˈprɛʃən əv sɪn ənd ˈbɑndɪʤ traɪɪŋ tɪ hoʊld mi daʊn bət ˈprɛsɪŋ gɑdz prəˈtɛkʃən ðət brɔt mi θru ðiz taɪmz əv dɪˈprɛʃən θru ðə ˈspɪrɪt ðeɪ kən hir ɪt ɪt bi nɪˈglɛktɪd). bət hi hæd dɪˈstrækʃənz, riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz. ˈwikli trɪps tɪ ʧərʧ bɪˈkeɪm ɪˈrætɪk. wɑz mi ʤɪst biɪŋ mi, aɪ guess.”*.” bət sun, hɪz laɪf geɪnd ə nu ʃeɪp. hi ˈmɛrid ˈʤæzmɪn. hi wərkt tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈvɛstɪd ɪn hɪz ˈjunjən. rɪˈmɛmbər ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ə frɛnd. aɪ sɛd, æt wɛr aɪ æm. aɪ wɑz ɪn ˈprɪzən fər ðə rɛst əv maɪ laɪf. naʊ aɪ hæv tu bɔɪz, wi boʊθ hæv nis ʤɑbz, wi boʊθ hæv cars.’*.’ aɪ wɑz kaɪnd əv praʊd əv wət aɪ hæd accomplished.”*.” ðɛr wɑz ˈoʊnli wən ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ riˈmaɪndər əv ðə pæst, wən hi dɪd hɪz bɛst tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr. wən deɪ, ræn ˈɪntu ˈbrəðər, ˈdɛrɪk, æt ðə ərˈɔrə mɔl. ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈwɔntɪd tɪ hide,”*,” hi sɪz. θɔt, aɪ tərn, du aɪ nɑt wɔnt ɪm tɪ si me?’*?’ bət aɪ. aɪ ʤɪst wɔkt əp tɪ ɪm. hi ˈnɛvər ˈmɛnʃənd hɪz brother.”*.” ˈdɛrɪk ˈklɪftən rɪˈmɛmbərz ðɪs, tu. wɑz laɪk sin ə goʊst. weɪ, ðɪs ɪz ˈmaɪkəl ˈmɛrɪn ˈstændɪŋ raɪt ɪn frənt əv me?’*?’ ənd ðɛn ɔl kaɪnz əv stəf stɑrts tɪ goʊ θru jʊr hɛd. laɪk ɪz hi out?’*?’ ənd meɪk sense.’*.’ ənd ɪz maɪ brother?’*?’ ənd goʊɪŋ on?’”*?’” ɪn ə taɪt situation,”*,” ˈmaɪkəl ˈklɪftən sɪz ˈoʊvər ðə foʊn wən ˈivnɪŋ frəm ˈstərlɪŋ kərˈɛkʃənəl fəˈsɪlɪti ɪn ˈsɛntrəl ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ. hi stɪl kɔlz hɪz ˈwənˈtaɪm frɛnd baɪ hɪz oʊld neɪm, ˈmaɪkəl ˈmɛrɪn. dɪd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ təˈgɛðər. wi kɔld iʧ ˈəðər brothers,”*,” hi sɪz. juzd tɪ laɪk tɪ drɛs wɛr koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt ɑr kloʊðz. ɑr θɪŋ wɑz ˈfiˌmeɪlz. ˈɔlˌweɪz ʤɪst hæŋ aʊt ənd ʃɑp, ˈwɛðər ɪt wɑz ˈligəl ər ˌɪˈligəl, fər ɑr kloʊðz ənd jewelry.”*.” ðɛr lɪvz, əv kɔrs, hæd daɪˈvərʤd bɪˈhaɪnd bɑrz. wɛr hæd ə klin ˈrɛkərd, ˈklɪftən stæbd əˈnəðər ˈɪnˌmeɪt, ənd wɑz ˈpənɪʃt fər ɪt wɪθ taɪm æt ðə ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ steɪt ˌpɛnɪˈtɛnʧəri, ə ˈlɛvəl vi ˈprɪzən. ənd waɪl faʊnd rɪˈlɪʤən, ˈklɪftən ʤɔɪnd ðə blədz ɛz sɔrt əv ən ˈæˌʤəŋkt, ˈmɛmbər, hi ˌɪnˈsɪsts. ˈivɪn naʊ, ˈklɪftən ɪz haʊzd æt ˈstərlɪŋ, ˈdɛdliəst ˈprɪzən ɪn colorado,”*,” hi noʊts, wɪθ sɪks ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈhɑməˌsaɪdz sɪns 2010 ˈklɪftən həz bɪn ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˈspikɪŋ əp əˈbaʊt hɪz oʊld keɪs, bɪˈkəz frəm ðə fərst taɪm hi hərd əˈbaʊt ðə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˈsɛntəns, θɔt gʊd nuz maɪt trænzˈleɪt ˈɪntu hɪz oʊn. wər boʊθ ˈgɪvɪn ɪkˈsɛsɪv sentences,”*,” hi sɪz. hi sɪz noʊn əˈbaʊt ˈsədənli ˈʃɔrtər ˈsɛntəns fər jɪrz ənd ˈnɛvər toʊld ˈɛniˌwən əˈbaʊt ɪt. bət hi həz ə ˈdɪfərənt ˌrɛkəˈlɛkʃən əv wɪn ˈlərnɪd ðə nuz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈklɪftən, ɪt ˈhæpənd ʤɪst ˈæftər ðɛr kənˈvɪkʃən, æt ðə ˈdɛnvər rɪˈsɛpʃən ˌdaɪəgˈnɑstɪk ˈsɛnər. aɪ keɪm bæk frəm siɪŋ maɪ keɪs ˈmænɪʤər, aɪ gɑt tɪ tɔk tɪ ɪm [ɪn ðə ˈhɔlˌweɪ] ˌbiˈfɔr wi wɛnt bæk tɪ ɑr pods,”*,” hi sɪz. wɑz ʃɑkt. bət hi ʃoʊd mi ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈpeɪpər, ənd hɪz ped”*” pəroʊl ˌɛlɪʤəˈbɪlɪti deɪt ““was*, aɪ θɪŋk, 2014 maɪ æt ðət taɪm wɑz hi ˈɔfərd raɪt əˈweɪ nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə mɪˈsteɪk ˌbiˈfɔr wɑz ˈseɪfli aʊt ənd θru hɪz pəroʊl. ðɪs wɑz noʊ smɔl θɪŋ: ɪt mɛnt ðət ˈklɪftən noʊt ðə dɪˈskrɛpənsi ɪn hɪz əˈpil əˈtɛmpt. goʊɪŋ tɪ brɪŋ ɪt up,”*,” hi sɪz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈklɪftən, sim tɪ kɛr əˈbaʊt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈklɪftən wɑz seɪɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈkəvərɪŋ fər ɪm. hi wɑz mɔr ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə ˈdipər ˈminɪŋ əv wət hæd ˈhæpənd. sɛd, ‘‘man*, goʊɪŋ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ maɪ laɪf. goʊɪŋ tɪ du ə kəmˈplit ʧeɪnʤ, mæn. ˈgɑnə gɪv maɪ laɪf tɪ god.’”*.’” ˈoʊnli naʊ, pərˈhæps, dɪz ˈklɪftən ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ ˈsɪriəs məst hæv bɪn əˈbaʊt ðət. ju lʊk æt ðət ˈɛrər ər mistake,”*,” hi sɪz, du θɪŋk ðət ˈgɪtɪŋ ə ˈsɛkənd chance.”*.” ˈklɪftən rɪˈmɛmbərz haʊ ðɛr ˈfrɛndʃɪp ˈfeɪdɪd məʧ ðə seɪm weɪ ðət dɪz: əˈbʤɛkʃənz tɪ hɪz kɔrs ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ənd ˈsəbʤɪkt ˈmætər əv hɪz ˈlɛtərz; ðɛr ˌkɔrəˈspɑndəns ˈfɑlɪŋ ɔf ˈgræʤuəli. ˈoʊnli wən ˈbɪtər noʊt ɪn ˈvərʒən, ə ˈmoʊmənt ˈæftər ˈbroʊkən ɔf ˈkɑnˌtækt, wɪn hi wɑz ɪn ˈlɑkˌdaʊn, ðət hi sɛnt ə ˈlɛtər, bət lɛft ɪt kəmˈplitli blæŋk. ɑr ɪʧ ˈɔrmən, ɪn ðə ərˈæpəˌhoʊ ˈkaʊnti ˈɔfəs, rɪˈsivd ən iˈmeɪl æt a.m*. ɔn ʤæn. 7 2014 frəm ə ˈmæʤɪˌstreɪt ʤəʤ hu jɪrz ˈərliər hæd bɪn ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər hu hæd sɪˈkjʊrd ðə kənˈvɪkʃənz əˈgɛnst ənd ˈklɪftən. ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt laɪn wɑz kˈwɛʃən aʊt əv ðə blue.”*.” rɪʧ, aɪ wɑz ʤɪst ˈʧɛkɪŋ ðə dɑk ˈɪnˌmeɪt ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, ənd ðɛr ɪz ə ˈpərsən aɪ ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪd ˈəndər ðə kɑp ˈproʊˌgræm hu ɪz nɑt ðɛr. hɪz co-defendant*, ˈmaɪkəl ˈklɪftən, ɪz ðɛr (wɪθ ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl pəroʊl ˌɛlɪʤəˈbɪlɪti deɪt səm 30 jɪrz away)…*)…. aɪ æm ˈhoʊpɪŋ ˈsəmˌhaʊ aɪ ʤɪst meɪ hæv mɪst ˈsəmθɪŋ, bət aɪ fɪr ðət ˈsəmˌhaʊ hi maɪt hæv bɪn mɪˈsteɪkənli riˈlist ˈərli ər ˈsəmθɪŋ. wʊd ju maɪnd ˈʧɛkɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən? θæŋks, fræŋk moʊˈskɛti ˈɔrmən kɔld ðə dɑk æt wəns. hi ˈlərnɪd nɑt ˈoʊnli ðət wɑz fri, bət ðət bɪn aʊt mɔr ðən faɪv jɪrz, kəmˈplitɪŋ hɪz pəroʊl. hi ʧɛkt ðə steɪt kəmˈpjutər ˈsɪstəm ənd ˈnoʊtɪst ə streɪnʤ freɪz tækt ɔn tɪ iʧ əv eɪt kənˈvɪkʃənz: sentences.”*.” ˈɔrmən ˈwəndərd ɪf ˈsəmˌwən ɛls maɪt hæv bɪn ɛz kənfˈjuzd baɪ ðət freɪz ɛz hi wɑz, ənd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðət hɪz ˈsɛntənsɪz wər kənˈkərənt. ˈɔrmən ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd ðə ʤəʤ əv ðə ˈɛrər ɪn ə ˈmɛˌmoʊ baɪ p.m*., ənd hæd ðə ˈɔrdər ɪn hænd tu aʊərz ˈleɪtər. wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ðət naɪt, ənd ðə ˈhirɪŋ ðət sɛnt ɪm bæk tɪ ʤeɪl tʊk pleɪs ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ deɪ. tɔk əˈbaʊt ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənsi ɪn government?”*?” ˈɔrmən sɪz, sˈmaɪlɪŋ. wɑz ˈvɛri quick.”*.” wən ˈrizən fər ðə spid meɪ hæv bɪn ðət əˈfɪʃəlz wər stɪl ˈrilɪŋ frəm əˈnəðər keɪs əv ən ˌæksəˈdɛnəl riˈlis. ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2013 ə ˈprɪzənər frəm ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ neɪmd ˈɛvən ˈɛbəl hæd bɪn riˈlist fɔr jɪrz ˈərli. ə klərk hæd mɪˈsteɪkənli ˈrɪtən ɪn hɪz faɪl ðət ðə ˈsɛntəns wɑz tɪ bi sərvd kənˈkərəntli. tu mənθs ˈleɪtər, ˈɛbəl kɪld tu mɛn, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ ˈprɪzənz ʧif, tɑm ˈklɛmənts. ðə keɪs hæd spɑrkt ən ˈɔdɪt əv ˈəðər ˈkeɪsɪz; ˈivɪn soʊ, keɪs rɪˈpɔrtədli dɪd nɑt kəm əp ɪn ðət ˈɔdɪt, ɪˈskeɪpɪŋ ˈskrutəni ənˈtɪl moʊˈskɛti ˈnoʊtɪst ɪt ˈsɛvərəl mənθs ˈleɪtər. ðə ˈɛbəl ənd ˈkeɪsɪz ər nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli wənz wɪθ ˈklɛrɪkəl ˈglɪʧɪz. ɪn ˈeɪprəl 2014 ə ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈmərdər ˈsəˌspɛkt neɪmd ˈʤɑni ˈmɑtə wɑz riˈlist wɪn ðə kɔrt klərk feɪld tɪ ˈɛnər ən ˈɔrdər tɪ kip ɪm ɪn ˈkəstədi; hi flɛd tɪ ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, wɛr hi wɑz ˈkæpʧərd. ɪn ə strɪŋ əv nəˈbræskə ˈkeɪsɪz læst jɪr, æt list 200 ˈprɪzənərz wər riˈlist ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ə flɔd kəmˈpjutər ˈfɔrmjələ juzd tɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ˈsɛntənsɪz. ðə ˈdɛnvər ˈʃɛrɪf dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌriˈpɔrtəd faɪv ɛˈroʊniəs rɪˈlisɪz frəm ɪts ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn dɪˈtɛnʃən ˈsɛnər ˈdʊrɪŋ ə spæn ɪn 2014 æt list wən əv ðoʊz wɑz bleɪmd ɔn ən ˌɪˈnækjərət kɔrt ˈɔrdər. ənd ɪn əˈnəðər keɪs, ə məˈzʊri mæn neɪmd ˈændərsən wɑz ˈsɛntənst tɪ 13 jɪrz fər ɑrmd ˈrɑbəri ɪn 2000 bət ˈnɛvər rɪˈsivd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn wɪn ənd wɛr tɪ rɪˈpɔrt tɪ ˈprɪzən. hi ˈstɑrtɪd ə ˈbɪznɪs, gɑt ˈmɛrid, hæd kɪdz, ənd ˌvɑlənˈtɪrd æt hɪz ʧərʧ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈɛrər wɑz kɔt ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 25 2013 ʤɪst ɛz hɪz ərˈɪʤənəl ˈsɛntəns wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ ɛnd. ˈændərsən wɑz sɛnt tɪ ˈprɪzən tɪ sərv aʊt hɪz ˈsɛntəns bət wɑz riˈlist ɔn meɪ 5 2014 ðə ʤəʤ ˈkɔlɪŋ ɪm ə ʧeɪnʤd mæn. læst mɑrʧ, nu ˈpəblɪk dɪˈfɛndər, ˈmɑrni ˈædəmz, faɪld ə ˈmoʊʃən wɪθ ðə kɔrt ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət noʊ ˈlɔŋgər dɪˈzərvd ər ˈnidɪd ˈprɪzən, ənd ðət tɪ sɛnd ɪm bæk əˈmaʊnɪd tɪ kruəl ənd ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˈpənɪʃmənt ənd ðət hi hæd ləˈʤɪtəmət ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən əv ðə finality”*” əv hɪz ˈprɪzən ˈsɛntəns wɪn ðeɪ lɛt ɪm aʊt ɪn 2008 hɪz laɪf ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈprɪzən pruvd ʧeɪnʤd: ““now*, ˈmɪstər. ɪz ə kəˈmɪtɪd ˈfæməli mæn hu ˌɪnˈspaɪrz ˈəðərz wɪθ hɪz ləv ənd ˌdɛdəˈkeɪʃən tɪ hɪz family.”*.” ɪn ə ˈlɛŋθi rɪˈplaɪ ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ðə steɪt, rɪʧ ˈɔrmən dɪˈskraɪbd faɪv jɪrz ənd eɪt mənθs əv ˌæksəˈdɛnəl ˈfridəm ɛz ə greɪt stroʊk əv lək: haʊ ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈɪnˌmeɪts wʊd hæv ʤəmpt æt ðə ʧæns fər ə ˈfərloʊ? ðə fækt ðət lɪvd laɪk ə ˈmɑdəl ˈsɪtɪzən fər faɪv jɪrz, ˈɔrmən ˈɑrgjud, ʃʊd hæv noʊ ˈbɛrɪŋ. said,”*,” ˈɔrmən roʊt ɪn hɪz rɪˈplaɪ, dɪˈfɛndənt hæd noʊ ˈbɪznɪs ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈmɛrid ənd ˈstɑrtɪŋ ə family.”*.” ɔn ˈeɪprəl 21 ʤəʤ ˈwɪljəm sɪlˈvɛstər ˈsaɪdɪd wɪθ ˈɔrmən, ˈrulɪŋ əˈgɛnst ˈmoʊʃən tɪ bi riˈlist. ðə ʤəʤ ˈsaɪtɪd ə ˈrulɪŋ frəm waɪt vi. ˈpərlˌmæn, ə 1930 keɪs ɪn wɪʧ ə ˈklɛrɪkəl ˈɛrər riˈlist ən ˈɪnˌmeɪt tu jɪrz ˈərli, ðət ðɛr kʊd bi daʊt əv ðə paʊər əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ˌrikəˈmɪt ə ˈprɪzənər hu ɪz riˈlist ər ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤd baɪ mistake.”*.” hi wɛnt ə stɛp ˈfərðər tɪ seɪ ðət nɑt hæv hæd ə ləˈʤɪtəmət ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən əv faɪˈnæləti ɪn hɪz ərˈɪʤənəl ˈsɛntəns wɪn hi wɑz mɪˈsteɪkənli riˈlist ˈərli, beɪst ɔn ə ˈklɛrɪkəl error.”*.” haɪərd ən əˈpilz ˈlɔjər, ˈpætrɪk, hu hæd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ˈændərsən ɪn məˈzʊri. tɪ, ðə meɪn kˈwɛʃən əv keɪs ɪz nɑt ˈwɛðər hi nu əˈbaʊt ðə ˈklɛrɪkəl ˈɛrər ənd ʃʊd hæv brɔt ɪt tɪ ðə əˈtɛnʃən; ˈwɛðər hi ʃʊd bi ˈpənɪʃt fər ðə mɪˈsteɪk æt ɔl. kənˈklud [lima-marin*] ʃʊd hæv ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət hi wɑz biɪŋ ˈrɔŋfəli riˈlist frəm ˈprɪzən ˌɪgˈnɔrz reality,”*,” ˈɑrgjud ɪn ən ˈɔgəst ˈmoʊʃən. ˈræʃənəl ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl wʊd kˈwɛʃən ðə ˈmoʊtɪvz ər kərˈɛktnəs əv hɪz ˈʤeɪlərz ənd ˌɪnˈsɪst ðət ðeɪ rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ˈprɪzən fər ðə rɛst əv ðɛr life.”*.” həz æst tɪ əˈpɪr ˌbiˈfɔr ðə kɔrt tɪ ˈkɑntɛst ðə ˈmætər ɪn ˈɔrəl ˈɑrgjəmənts. ə ˈhirɪŋ deɪt həz jɛt tɪ bi sɛt. ɛl ˌəndərˈstændz ðə ˈstreɪnʤnəs əv hɪz laɪf ðət ðə seɪm ˈklɛrɪkəl ˈɛrər ðət brɔt ɪm aʊt əv ʤeɪl meɪ hæv seɪvd ɪm. wɪˈθaʊt ðət ˈɛrər, hi θɪŋks, hɪz taɪm ɪn ˈprɪzən meɪ hæv bɪn laɪk ˈmaɪkəl, ˈtərbjələnt ənd ˈvaɪələnt. wɪˈθaʊt ðət ˈɛrər, hi maɪt ˈnɛvər hæv bɪlt ə ˈfæməli æt ɔl. wɪˈθaʊt ðət ˈɛrər, hi ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈwəndərz, hu wʊd hi bi? ˈpipəl maɪt θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz extreme,”*,” hi sɪz. aɪ fil tɪ ə ˈsərtən dɪˈgri, ðət səm əv ðɪs ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ me.”*.” hɪz ˈfæməli ɪz kɔt əp ɪn ðɪs naʊ. bæk ɪn ərˈɔrə, ˈʤæzmɪn ənd ə grup əv ˈklərʤiˌmɛn ər ˈlɑbiɪŋ ðə ˈgəvərnər tɪ grænt hər ˈhəzbənd ˈklɛmənsi. ðeɪ hæv nɑt hərd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ jɛt. ʃi ɪz ˈreɪzɪŋ ən ənd ə baɪ hərˈsɛlf. ʃi tɛlz ðɛm ðət ʃi noʊ wɪn ðɛr ˈfɑðər wɪl kəm hoʊm. ðə ˈjəŋgər bɔɪ, ʤoʊˈsaɪə, ər jo-jo*, həz bɪn ˈæktɪŋ aʊt, duɪŋ ə lɔt əv ˈbeɪbi tɔk. ˈʤæzmɪn ənd ðə bɔɪz kən əˈfɔrd tɪ draɪv aʊt tɪ si wəns ə mənθ. hi ənd ˈʤæzmɪn tɔk ɔn ðə foʊn ˈɛvəri naɪt. ðeɪ goʊɪŋ tɪ ʧərʧ soʊ ˈɔfən ˌbiˈfɔr hi wɛnt bæk tɪ ˈprɪzən. bət bɪn goʊɪŋ ˈwikli ˈɛvər sɪns, wɪθ ðə kɪdz. ðə ˈpæstər həz bɪn ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈʤæzmɪn ðət wət ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ tɪ hər ənd ɪz ə tɛst. ʃi ɪz ˌɪnˈklaɪnd tɪ əˈgri. soʊ ɪz hi. ɑr ˈvɪzɪt ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ən ɛnd. ˈæftər wi tɔk, wɪl rɪˈtərn tɪ hɪz sɛl ənd ˈrɛzəˌmeɪ hɪz oʊld ˈprɪzən laɪf, fər haʊ lɔŋ hi noʊ. hi simz ˈrɛstləs naʊ, ˈspikɪŋ mɔr ˈərʤəntli, traɪɪŋ ˈhɑrdər tɪ gɪt əˈkrɔs wət hi θɪŋks ɪz ˈrɪli ˈhæpənɪŋ tɪ ɪm ənd wət ʃʊd ˈhæpən. ɔn wən ˈlɛvəl, hi bɪˈlivz hi ɪz rɪˈfɔrmd ənd ðət ˈpruvən hi noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈpoʊzɪz ə rɪsk tɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti ðət ə nu mæn ˈsərvɪŋ ən oʊld ˈsɛntəns. ˈhæpənd tɪ mi, ˈɑbviəs tɪ mi, ɪz wrong,”*,” hi sɪz. hi ˈɔfən sɪz biɪŋ ˈpənɪʃt fər ðə seɪm kraɪm twaɪs. waɪ hi θɪŋks biɪŋ səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ ə ˈsɛkənd glɪʧ. laɪf, ˈæftər ɔl, həz kəmˈpraɪzd ə ˈsɪriz əv rɪˈvərsəlz, iʧ əv ðɛm ˈdræstɪk: frəm ə laɪf ˈsɛntəns tɪ ˈfridəm; frəm tɪ ˈfeɪθfəl ˈfɑðər; frəm ˈsɛlfɪʃnəs tɪ rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈfərvər. ənd naʊ, ˈɛvəri ɪnʧ əv ˈprɑˌgrɛs həz bɪn rɪpt əˈweɪ. ðɛr həz tɪ bi ə ˈrizən. hi ˈsərʧɪz fər ɪt ɪn ˈmɛməriz: ˈskɪpɪŋ ʧərʧ ˈɛvəri naʊ ənd ðɛn tɪ koʊʧ ˈsɑkər. ˈmɪnɪstrɪŋ wɪθ hɪz mˈjuzɪk, bət nɑt feɪs tɪ feɪs. kəm hoʊm ənd taɪərd. ənd ðɛn ju hæv ðə bɪlz. soʊ məʧ goʊɪŋ ɔn. nɑt ˈpʊtɪŋ fɔrθ ɔl əv ðə ˈɛfərt ðət səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ˈɪntu ðə wərd, ˈɪntu ˈstədi, ˈɪntu prɛr. aɪ pʊʃt ðə lɔrd tɪ ðə saɪd, ənd ɪt bɪˈkeɪm əˈbaʊt life.”*.” hi lʊks əp, ˈpɔzɪŋ, ˈwərid sɛd tu məʧ, ˈstrəgəlɪŋ tɪ faɪnd ðə raɪt wərdz. ənd ðɛn hi dɪz. ræn frəm wət gɑd ˈwɔntɪd ɪm tɪ do,”*,” hi sɪz. hi hæd tɪ bi pleɪst ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ hir frəm god.”*.”
|
leno vs. conan vs. nbc the war is on
leno vs. conan vs. nbc -- the war is on
andare at war ... each accusing the other of bad, bad connected to conan o'brien tell nbc been "nasty, arrogant and threatening" in negotiating out. the conan people are outraged, saying the blame for show" debacle falls squarely at zucker's doorstep.
an nbc spokesperson tells, as for claims zucker has been nasty, arrogant and threatening, "there is absolutely no truth to that. it is easy to make false statements under the cloak of told conan is so pissed off at nbc, he told the network he was leaving even though he still doesn't have a place to go -- at least not yet. sources has not made an nbc source connected to the negotiations tells conan "has acted like a baby" since the network announced the changes. the source claims nbc made $25 mil in profits off "" the last full calendar year leno hosted. the source says the projected loss for 2010 had conan stayed put was $3 - 5 million. so nbc says it's simple told the deal still isn't finalized.
|
ˈlɛnoʊ ˈvərsəz. ˈkoʊnən ˈvərsəz. ˈɛnˌbiˈsi ðə wɔr ɪz ɔn ˈlɛnoʊ ˈvərsəz. ˈkoʊnən ˈvərsəz. ˈɛnˌbiˈsi ðə wɔr ɪz ɔn æt wɔr iʧ əˈkjuzɪŋ ðə ˈəðər əv bæd, bæd kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ˈkoʊnən oʊˈbraɪɪn tɛl ˈɛnˌbiˈsi bɪn "ˈnæsti, ˈɛrəgənt ənd θˈrɛtənɪŋ" ɪn nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ aʊt. ðə ˈkoʊnən ˈpipəl ər ˈaʊˌtreɪʤd, seɪɪŋ ðə bleɪm fər ʃoʊ" dəˈbɑkəl fɔlz skˈwɛrli æt ˈzəkərz ˈdɔrˌstɛp. ən ˈɛnˌbiˈsi ˈspoʊkspərsən tɛlz, ɛz fər kleɪmz ˈzəkər həz bɪn ˈnæsti, ˈɛrəgənt ənd θˈrɛtənɪŋ, "ðɛr ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli noʊ truθ tɪ ðət. ɪt ɪz ˈizi tɪ meɪk fɔls ˈsteɪtmənts ˈəndər ðə kloʊk əv toʊld ˈkoʊnən ɪz soʊ pɪst ɔf æt ˈɛnˌbiˈsi, hi toʊld ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk hi wɑz ˈlivɪŋ ˈivɪn ðoʊ hi stɪl ˈdəzənt hæv ə pleɪs tɪ goʊ æt list nɑt jɛt. ˈsɔrsəz həz nɑt meɪd ən ˈɛnˌbiˈsi sɔrs kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ðə nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz tɛlz ˈkoʊnən "həz ˈæktɪd laɪk ə ˈbeɪbi" sɪns ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk əˈnaʊnst ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ðə sɔrs kleɪmz ˈɛnˌbiˈsi meɪd 25 mɪl ɪn ˈprɑfɪts ɔf ðə læst fʊl ˈkæləndər jɪr ˈlɛnoʊ ˈhoʊstɪd. ðə sɔrs sɪz ðə prɑˈʤɛktəd lɔs fər 2010 hæd ˈkoʊnən steɪd pʊt wɑz 3 5 ˈmɪljən. soʊ ˈɛnˌbiˈsi sɪz ɪts ˈsɪmpəl toʊld ðə dil stɪl ˈɪzənt ˈfaɪnəˌlaɪzd.
|
marriage
key finding: marriage trends in recent decades indicate that americans have become less likely to marry, and the most recent data show that the marriage rate in the united states continues to decline. of those who do marry, there has been a moderate drop since the in the percentage of couples who consider their marriages to be “very happy,” but in the past two decades this trend has flattened out.
americans have become less likely to marry. this is reflected in a decline of more than 50 percent, from 1970 to 2010, in the annual number of marriages per unmarried adult women (figure 1). in real terms, the total number of marriages fell from million in 1990 to million in 2010. much of this is not clear just how from the delaying of first marriages until older ages: the median age at first marriage went from for females and for males in 1960 to and, respectively, in 2011. other factors accounting for the decline are the growth of unmarrieditation and a small decrease in the tendency of divorced persons to remarry. finally, u.s. census data indicate that the retreat from marriage has accelerated in the wake of the great recession.
the decline also reflects some increase in lifelong singlehood, though the actual amount cannot be known until current young and middle-aged adults pass through the life course.
figure 1. marriages per unmarried women age 15 and older and total marriages, by year, united states note: we have used the number of new marriages per unmarried women age 15 and older, rather than the crude marriage rate of marriages per population, to help avoid the problem of compositional changes in the population, that is, changes that stem merely from there being more or less people in the ages. even this more refined measure is somewhat susceptible to compositional changes. source: u.s. census bureau, statistical abstract of the united states, 2001, table 117; statistical abstract of the united states, 1986, table 124; and american community survey, 2010, tables and; available online at http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml.
the percentage of adults in the population who are currently married has also diminished. since 1960, the decline of those married among all persons age 15 and older has been more than 16 percentage approximately 31 points among black females (figure 2). it should be noted that these data include people who have never married, those who have married and then divorced, and widows or widowers.
figure 2. percentage of all persons age 15 and older who were married, by sex and race,, united states note: percentages of total males and total females include races other than black and white. in 2003, the u.s. census bureau expanded its racial categories to permit respondents to identify themselves as belonging to more than one race. this means that racial data computations beginning in 2004 may not be strictly comparable to those of prior years. source: u.s. census bureau, current population reports, “america’s families and living arrangements,” 2011, table, available online at www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2011.html.
in order partially to control for a decline in married adults due solely to delayed first marriages, we have looked at changes in the percentage of persons age 35 through 44 who were married (figure 3). since 1960, there has been a drop of more than 23 percentage points for married men and 22 points for married women.
figure 3. percentage of persons age who were married by sex,, united states note: the number of respondents for each sex for each period is about for,, and, with about respondents for each sex. source: “the general social survey,” conducted by the national opinion research center of the university of chicago.
marriage trends in the age range of 35 to 44 are suggestive of lifelong singlehood. in the past and still today, virtually all persons who were going to marry during their lifetimes had married by age 45. more than 90 percent of women have eventually married in every generation for which records exist, going back to the. by 1960, 94 percent of women then living had been married at least once by age a historical high point. for the generation of 1995, assuming a continuation of marriage rates, several demographers projected that 88 percent of women and 82 percent of men would ever marry. now, given recent declines in the marriage rate, the percentage of women and men ever marrying is likely lower.
the decline in marriage does not mean that people are giving up on living together with a sexual partner. on the contrary, with the incidence of unmarrieditation increasing rapidly, marriage is giving ground to unwed unions. most people now live together before they marry for the first time. an even higher percentage of divorced persons who subsequently remarry live together first. and a growing number of persons, both young and old, are living together with no plans to marry eventually.
there is a common belief that, although a smaller percentage of americans are marrying than was the case a few decades ago, those who now marry have marriages of higher quality. it seems reasonable to surmise that if divorce removes poor marriages from the pool of married couples anditation “trial marriages” deter some bad marriages from forming, the remaining marriages should, on average, be happier. the best available evidence on the topic, however, does not support these assumptions. since 1973, the general social survey periodically has asked representative samples of married americans to rate their marriages as either “very happy,” “pretty happy,” or “not too happy.” as figure 4 indicates, the percentage of both men and women responding “very happy” has declined moderately over the past forty years. this trend, however, has essentially flattened out over the last two decades.
figure 4. percentage of married persons age 18 and older who said their marriages were “very happy,” by period, united states note: the number of respondents for each sex for each period is about for,, and, with about respondents for each sex. source: “the general social survey,” conducted by the national opinion research center of the university of chicago.
divorce
key finding: the american divorce rate today is about twice that of 1960, but has declined since hitting its highest point in our history in the early. for the average couple marrying for the first time in recent years, the lifetime probability of divorce or separation now falls between 40 and 50 percent.
the increase in divorce, shown by the trend reported in figure 5, has probably elicited more concern and discussion than any other trend in the united states. although the long-term trend in divorce has been upward since colonial times, the divorce rate was level for about two decades after world war ii, during the period of high fertility known as the baby boom. by the middle of the 1960s, however, the incidence of divorce started to increase and it more than doubled over the next fifteen years to reach a historical high point in the early.
figure 5. number of divorces per married women age 15 and older, by year, united states note: we have used the number of divorces per married women age 15 and older rather than the crude divorce rate of divorces per population to help avoid the problem of compositional changes in the population. even this more refined measure is somewhat susceptible to compositional changes. calculations for this table up to 2000 are based on national center for health statistics data for the united states, less california, georgia, hawaii, indiana, louisiana, and minnesota. the 2011 estimate is based on nationally representative data from the american community survey that does not exclude these six states. thus, the 2011 estimate is not strictly comparable to estimates from earlier years. source: u.s. census bureau, statistical abstract of the united states, 2001, table 117; centers for disease control and prevention, “births, marriages, divorces, and deaths: provisional data,” 2000, in national vital statistics report 49; and u.s. census bureau, american community survey, 2011, tables and.
since then, the divorce rate has modestly declined. the decline apparently represents a slight increase in marital stability. two probable reasons for this are an increase in the age at which people marry for the first time, and that marriage is progressively becoming the preserve of the well-educated. both of these factors are associated with greater marital stability. (note: the observed increase in divorce rates from 2000 to 2011 could be a true increase back to the divorce rates of 1990. however, this trend could also be explained at least in part by a change in how the u.s. gathers divorce data.)
although a majority of divorced persons eventually remarry, the growth of divorce, and declines in remarriage, have led to a steep increase in the percentage of all adults who are currently divorced (figure 6). this percentage, which was only percent for males and percent for females in 1960, had quadrupled by the year 2000. the percentage of divorced persons is higher for females than for males primarily because divorced men are more likely to remarry than divorced women. also, among those who do remarry, men generally do so sooner than women.
figure 6. percentage of all persons age 15 and older who were divorced, by sex and race,, united states note: in 2003, the u.s. census bureau expanded its racial categories to permit respondents to identify themselves as belonging to more than one race. this means that racial data computations beginning in 2004 may not be strictly comparable to those of prior years. “divorced” indicates family status at the time of survey. divorced who later marry are counted as “married.” source: u.s. census bureau, current population reports, “america’s families and living arrangements,” 2011, table and earlier similar reports, available online at www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2011.html.
when it comes to cultural attitudes, figure 7 indicates that the public has become rather more accepting of divorce in recent years, after turning against divorce somewhat in the and 1990s. this is a sobering development, insofar as more permissive divorce attitudes are associated with and more unstable marriages.
figure 7. percentage of individuals age who said that divorce laws should be changed to make getting a divorce “more difficult,” by period, united states note: the number of respondents for each sex for each period is about for,, and, with about respondents for each sex. source: “the general social survey,” conducted by the national opinion research center of the university of chicago.
overall, the chances remain between 40 and 50 a first marriage entered into in recent years will end in either divorce or separation before one partner dies. (however, see the accompanying sidebar: “your chances of divorce may be much lower than you think.”) the likelihood of divorce has varied considerably among different segments of the american population: the figures are higher for blacks than for whites, for instance, and higher in the south and west than in other parts of the country. but these variations have been diminishing. the trend toward a greater similarity of divorce rates between whites and blacks is largely attributable to the fact that fewer blacks are marrying.
at the same time, there has been little change in such traditionally large divorce rate differences as between those who marry when they are teenagers compared to those who marry after age 21 and the nonreligious compared to the religiously committed. teenagers and the nonreligious who marry have higher divorce rates. as noted in the 2010 edition of the state of our unions, there is also a growing educational divide in divorce in the united states: americans face a much higher divorce rate than their fellow citizens.
by now almost everyone has heard that the national divorce rate is almost 50 percent of all marriages. this is basically true for the married population as a whole. but for many people, the actual chances of divorce are far below. the background characteristics of people entering a marriage have major implications for their risk of divorce. here are some decreases in the risk of divorce or separation during the first ten years of marriage, according to various personal and social factors: factors percent decrease in
risk of divorce annual income over $50,000 (vs. under $25,000) -30 having a baby seven months or more after marriage (vs. before marriage) -24 marrying over 25 years of age (vs. under 18) -24 family of origin intact (vs. divorced parents) -14 religious affiliation (vs. none) -14 college (vs. high school dropout) -25 so if you are a reasonably well-educated person with a decent income, come from an intact family and are religious, and marry after age 25 without having a baby first, your chances of divorce are very low indeed. also, the “close to 50 percent” divorce rate refers to the percentage of marriages entered into during a particular year that are projected to end in divorce or separation before one spouse dies. such projections assume that the divorce and death rates occurring that year will continue indefinitely into the assumption that is useful more as an indicator of the instability of marriages in the recent past than as a predictor of future events. in fact, the divorce rate has been dropping, slowly, since peaking around 1980, and the rate could be lower (or higher) in the future than it is today. matthew d. bramlett and william d. mosher,itation, marriage, divorce and remarriage in the united states, vital and health statistics 23 (washington, dc: national center for health statistics, 2002); and w. bradford wilcox, “when marriage disappears: the retreat from marriage in middle america,” the state of our unions: 2010 (charlottesville, va: national marriage for american values, 2010). the risks are calculated for women only. rose m. kreider and jason m. fields, “number, timing, and duration of marriages and divorces, current population reports, (washington, dc: u.s. census bureau, 2005).
unmarrieditation
key finding: the number of unmarried couples has increased dramatically over the past five decades. most younger americans now spend some time living together outside of marriage, and unmarrieditation commonly precedes marriage.
between 1960 and 2011, as indicated in figure 8, the number of unmarried couples in america increased more than seventeen-fold. unmarried status of couples who are sexual partners, not married to each other, and sharing a particularly common among the young. it is estimated that about a quarter of unmarried women age 25 to 39 are currently living with a partner and an additional quarter have lived with a partner at some time in the past. more than 60 percent of first marriages are now preceded by living together, compared to virtually none fifty years ago.
figure 8. number ofiting, unmarried, adult couples of the opposite sex, by year, united states note: prior to 1996, the u.s. census bureau estimated households based on two unmarried adults of the opposite sex living in the same household. after 1996, respondents could identify themselves as unmarried partners. source: u.s. census bureau, current population reports, “america’s families and living arrangements,” 2011, table, available online at www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2011.html.
for many,itation is a prelude to marriage, for others simply an alternative to living alone, and for a small but growing number it is considered an alternative to marriage.itation is more common among those of lower educational and income levels. our 2010 report indicates that among women in the 25 to 44 age range, 75 percent of high school dropouts have compared to 50 percent of college graduates.
cohabitation is also more common among those who are less religious than their peers, those who have been divorced, and those who have experienced parental divorce, fatherlessness, or high levels of marital discord during childhood. a growing percentage ofiting couple households, now over 40 percent, contains children.
the belief that living together before marriage is a useful way “to find out whether you really get along,” and thus avoid a bad marriage and an eventual divorce, is now widespread among young people. but the available studies on the effects ofitation are mixed. in fact, some evidence indicates that those who live together before marriage are more likely to break up after marriage.
this evidence is controversial, however, because it is difficult to distinguish the “selection effect” from the “experience ofitation effect.” the selection effect refers to the fact that people whoit before marriage have different characteristics from those who do not, and it may be these characteristics, and not the experience ofitation, that leads to marital instability. there is some empirical support for both positions. for instance, a recent study based on a sample of more than married men and women concluded that premaritalitation, when limited to the period after engagement, is not associated with an elevated risk of marital problems; however, this study also found that couples who prior to engagement were more likely to have marital problems and less likely to be happy in their marriages. what can be said is that the research does not provide consistent evidence thatitation helps couples prepare for marriage.
when thinking of the many benefits of marriage, the economic aspects are often overlooked. yet the economic benefits of marriage are substantial, both for individuals and for society. marriage is a institution. married couples create more economic assets on average than do otherwise similar singles or couples. a 2002 study of retirement data concluded that “individuals who do not participate in legal marriage (e.g., never married oriting) have significantly lower wealth than those who are continuously married.” compared to those continuously married, those who never married had a reduction in wealth of 75 percent, those who were currentlyiting had a reduction of 58 percent, and those who divorced and remarry had a reduction of 72 percent. one might think that the explanation for why marriage generates economic assets is because those people who are more likely to be wealth creators are also more likely to marry and stay married. and this is certainly true, but only in part. the institution of marriage itself provides a bonus. it does this through providing economies of scale (two can live more cheaply than one), and as implicitly a long-term personal contract it encourages economic specialization. working as a couple, individuals can develop those skills in which they excel, leaving others to their spouse. also, married couples save and invest more for the future, and they can act as a small insurance pool against life uncertainties such as illness and job loss. probably because of marital social norms that encourage healthy, productive behavior, men tend to become more economically productive after marriage; they earn between 10 and 20 percent more than do single men with similar education and job histories. all of these benefits are independent of the fact that married couples receive more and support and also more help and support from their extended families (two sets of in-laws) and friends. beyond the economic advantages of marriage for the married couples themselves, marriage has a tremendous economic impact on society. marriage trends have a big impact on family income levels and inequality. after more than doubling between 1947 and 1977, the growth of median family income has slowed in recent years. a major reason is that married couples, who fare better economically than their single counterparts, have been a rapidly decreasing proportion of total families. in this same period, and in large part because of changes in family structure, family income inequality has significantly increased. research has consistently shown that divorce and unmarried childbearing increase child poverty. in recent years the majority of children who grow up outside of married families have experienced at least one year of dire poverty. according to one study, if family structure had not changed between 1960 and 1998, the black child poverty rate in 1998 would have been percent rather than percent, and the white child poverty rate would have been percent rather than percent. the rise in child poverty, of course, generates significant public costs in health and welfare programs. marriages that end in divorce also are very costly to the public. one researcher determined that a single divorce costs state and federal governments about $30,000, based on such factors as the increased use of food stamps and public housing as well as increased bankruptcies and juvenile delinquency. the million divorces in 2002 are estimated to have cost the taxpayers more than $30 billion. janet wilmoth and gregor koso, “does marital history matter? marital status and wealth outcomes among adults,” journal of marriage and the family 64 (2002): 265. thomas a. hirschl, joyce altobelli, and mark r. rank, “does marriage increase the odds of affluence? exploring the life course probabilities,” journal of marriage and the family 65 (2003):; joseph lupton and james p. smith, “marriage, assets and savings,” in a. grossbard-schectman, ed., marriage and the economy (cambridge: cambridge university press, 2003):. chun and lee, “why do married men earn more: productivity or marriage selection?” economic inquiry 39 (2001):; sanders and david neumark, “does marriage really make men more productive?” journal of human resources 26 (1991):; kermit daniel, “the marriage premium,” in mariano tomassi and kathryn ierulli, eds., the new economics of human behavior (cambridge: cambridge university press, 1995):. hao, “family structure, private transfers, and the economic well-being of families with children,” social forces 75 (1996):. u.s. census bureau, “measuring 50 years of economic change using the march current population survey,” current population reports, (washington, dc: government printing office, 1998); john iceland, “why poverty remains high: the role of income growth, economic inequality, and changes in family structure, demography 40 (2003):. mark r. rank and thomas a. hirschl, “the economic risk of childhood in america: estimating the probability of poverty across the formative years,” journal of marriage and the family 61 (1999):. adam thomas and isabel sawhill, “for richer or for poorer: marriage as an antipoverty strategy,” journal of policy analysis and management 21 (2002): 4. david schramm, “individual and social costs of divorce in utah,” journal of family and economic issues 27 (2006): 1.
loss of
key finding: the presence of children in america has declined significantly since 1960, as measured by fertility rates and the percentage of households with children. other indicators suggest that this decline has reduced the of our nation and contributed to the weakening of the institution of marriage.
throughout history, marriage has first and foremost been an institution for procreation and raising children. it has provided the cultural tie that seeks to connect the father to his children by binding him to the mother of his children. yet in recent times, children have increasingly been pushed from center stage.
americans on average have been having fewer children. figure 9 indicates the decline in fertility since 1960. it is important to note that fertility had been gradually declining throughout american history, reaching a low point in the great depression of the before suddenly accelerating with the baby boom generation starting in 1945. by 1960, the birth rate was back to where it had been in 1920, with the average woman having about three and children over the course of her life. after 1960, the birth rate declined sharply for two decades before leveling off around 1990.
figure 9. fertility rates of women age, by year, united states note: the number of births that an average woman would have if, at each year of age, she experienced the birth rates occurring in the specified year. a total fertility rate of represents “replacement level” fertility under current mortality conditions (assuming no net migration). source: centers for disease control and prevention, national vital statistics report, 1993 and 2001; “births: preliminary data for national vital statistics report, october 3, 2012.
in 2011, the latest year for which we have complete information, the american “total fertility rate” (tfr) stood at9, below the 1990 level and slightly below two children per woman. this rate is below the “replacement level” of, the level at which the population would be replaced through births alone, and is one of the highest rates found in modern industrialized societies. nevertheless, in most european and several asian nations the total fertility rate has decreased to a level well below that of the united states, in some countries to slightly more than one child per woman. the u.s. fertility rate is relatively high due in part to the contribution of our hispanic population.
the long-term decline of births has had a marked effect on the household makeup of the american population. it is estimated that in the more than 75 percent of all households contained children under the age of 18. one hundred years later, in 1960, this number had dropped to slightly less than half of all households. in 2011, just five decades later, only 32 percent of households included children (figure 10). this obviously means that adults are less likely to be living with children, that neighborhoods are less likely to contain children, and that children are less likely to be a consideration in daily life. it suggests that the needs and concerns of young gradually be receding from our national consciousness.
figure 10. percentage of households with one or more children under age 18,, united states source: u.s. census bureau, statistical abstract of the united states, 1964, tables 36 and 54; 1980, tables 62 and 67; 1985, tables 54 and 63; and 1994, table 67; current population reports, “america’s families and living arrangements,” 2011, tables and, available online at www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2011.html.
several scholars determined that in 1960 the proportion of life spent living with a spouse and children was 62 percent, the highest in our history. by that year the death rate had plummeted so that fewer marriages ended through death, and the divorce revolution of recent decades had not yet begun, so that a relatively small number of marriages ended in divorce. by 1985, however, just twenty-five years later, the proportion of life spent with spouse and children dropped to 43 lowest in our history. this remarkable reversal was caused mainly by the decline of fertility and the weakening of marriage through divorce and unwed births.
in a comparison of industrialized nations, the united states ranked virtually at the top in the percentage of those disagreeing with this statement: “the main purpose of marriage is having children.” nearly 70 percent of americans believe the main purpose of marriage is something else, compared, for example, to 51 percent of norwegians and 45 percent of italians.
consistent with this view is a dramatic change in our attitudes about holding marriages together for children. in a detroit area sample of women, the proportion of women answering “no” to the question “should a couple stay together for the sake of the children?” jumped from 51 percent to 82 percent between 1962 and 1985. a 1994 sample found only 15 percent of the population agreeing that “when there are children in the family, parents should stay together even if they get along.”
one effect of the weakening of is clear. a careful analysis of divorce statistics shows that, beginning around 1975, the presence of children in a marriage has become only a very minor inhibitor of divorce (slightly more so when the child is male rather than female).
fragile families with children
key finding: the percentage of children who grow up in has grown enormously over the past five decades. this is mainly due to increases in divorce, births, and unmarrieditation. the trend toward fragile families leveled off in the late 1990s, but the most recent data show a slight increase.
there is now ample evidence that stable and satisfactory marriages are crucial for the well-being of adults. yet such marriages are even more important for the proper socialization and overall well-being of children. a central purpose of the institution of marriage is to ensure the responsible and long-term involvement of both biological parents in the difficult and task of raising the next generation.
the trend toward families is probably the most important of the recent family trends that have affected children and adolescents (figure 11). this is because the children in such families have negative life outcomes at two to three times the rate of children in married, families. while in 1960 only 9 percent of all children lived in families, a figure that had changed little over the course of the twentieth century, by 2011 the percentage had risen to 26.
figure 11. percentage of children under age 18 living with a single parent, by year and race, united states note: total includes blacks, whites, and all other racial and ethnic groupings. over these decades an additional 3 to 4 percent of children, not indicated in the figure above, were classified as living with no parent. in 2003, the u.s. census bureau expanded its racial categories to permit respondents to identify themselves as belonging to more than one race. this means that racial data computations beginning in 2004 may not be strictly comparable to those of prior years. in 2000 and 2010, whites is redefined to white, non-hispanic, and hispanic is separated out as its own group. prior to 2007, the u.s. census counted children living with twoiting parents as children in single parent households. see “improvements to data collection about families in cps available online at www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam.html. source: u.s. census bureau, current population reports, “america’s families and living arrangements,” 2011, table c3, available online at www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2011.html.
an indirect indicator of fragile families is the percentage of children under age 18 living with two married parents. since 1960 this percentage has declined substantially, by 23 percentage points (figure 12). unfortunately, this measure makes no distinction between natural and; it is estimated that some 88 percent of families consist of both biological parents, while 9 percent are. the problem is that children in, according to a substantial and growing body of social science evidence, fare no better in life than children in families. data on, therefore, probably are more reasonably combined with than with biological families. an important indicator that helps resolve this issue is the percentage of children who live apart from their biological fathers. that percentage has doubled since 1960, from 17 percent to 34 percent.
figure 12. percentage of children under age 18 living with two married parents, by year and race, united states note: total includes blacks, whites, and all other racial and ethnic groupings. in 2003, the u.s. census bureau expanded its racial categories to permit respondents to identify themselves as belonging to more than one race. this means that racial data computations beginning in 2004 may not be strictly comparable to those of prior years. “married parents” may be step- or natural parents of children in the household. in 2000 and 2011, whites is redefined to white, non-hispanic, and hispanic is separated out as its own group. source: u.s. census bureau, current population reports, “america’s families and living arrangements,” 2011, table c3, available online at www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2011.html.
the dramatic shift in family structure indicated by these measures has been generated mainly by three burgeoning trends: divorce, unmarried births, and unmarrieditation. the incidence of divorce began to increase rapidly during the 1960s. the number of children under age 18 newly affected by parental divorce each year, most of whom have lost a resident father, grew from under in 1960 to well over a million in 1975. after peaking around 1980, that number leveled off and remains close to a million new children each year. much of the reason for the leveling off is a drop in average family size; each divorce that occurs today typically affects a smaller number of children than in the past.
the second reason for the shift in family structure is an increase in the percentage of babies born to unwed mothers, which suddenly and unexpectedly began to increase rapidly in the. since 1960, the percentage of babies born to unwed mothers has increased more than sevenfold (figure 13). more than four in ten births and more than two-thirds of black births in 2011, the latest year for which we have complete data, were.
figure 13. percentage of live births that were to unmarried women, by year, united states note: total includes whites, blacks, and all other racial and ethnic groupings. source: u.s. census bureau, statistical abstract of the united states, 1995, table 94; 1999, table 99; 2000, table 85; and 2001, table 76, available online at www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/statab.html. centers for disease control prevention, “births: preliminary data for national vital statistics report 61, table 1, available online at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_05.pdf.
a third and still more recent family trend that has affected family structure is the rapid growth of unmarrieditation. in fact, moreiting couples are having children, or bringing children into their relationship. consequently, there has been about a increase in the number ofiting couples who live with children since 1960 (figure 14). slightly more than 40 percent of all children are expected to spend some time in aiting household during their childhood years.
figure 14. number ofiting, unmarried, adult couples of the opposite sex living with one or more children, by states source: prior to 1996, the u.s. census estimated households based on two unmarried adults of the opposite sex living in the same household. after 1996, respondents could identify themselves as unmarried partners. the census also identified households with children under 15 until 1996 when they began identifying children under 18. source: u.s. census bureau, current population reports, “america’s families and living arrangements,” 2011, table, available online at www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2011.html.
in 2000, about 40 percent of households included one or more children under age 18. for unmarried couples in the 25 to 34 age group, the percentage with children is higher still, approaching half of all such households. seventy percent of the children in households are the children of only one partner. indeed, if one includesitation in the definition of stepfamily, almost one half of today would consist of a biological parent and unrelatediting partner.
children who grow up withiting couples tend to have worse life outcomes compared to those growing up with married couples. the primary reasons are thatiting couples have a much higher breakup rate than married couples, a lower level of household income, and higher levels of child abuse and domestic violence. the proportion ofiting mothers who eventually marry the fathers of their children is declining, a decline sadly predictive of increased problems for children.
teen attitudes about marriage and family
key finding: the desire of teenagers of both sexes for “a good marriage and family life” has remained high over the past few decades. boys are almost ten percentage points less desirous than girls, however, and they are also a little more pessimistic about the possibility of a long-term marriage. both boys and girls have become more accepting of lifestyles that are alternatives to marriage, including unwed childbearing and premaritalitation.
to find out what the future may hold for marriage and family life it is important to determine what our youth are saying and thinking, and how their views have changed over time. are these products of the divorce revolution going to continue the family ways of their parents? or might there be a cultural counterrevolution among the young that could lead to a reversal of current family trends?
fortunately, since 1976 a nationally representative survey of high school seniors aptly titled “monitoring the future,” conducted annually by the institute for social research at the university of michigan, has asked numerous questions about topics. based on this survey, the percentage of teenagers of both sexes who said that having a good marriage and family life was “extremely important” to them has remained high over the decades. eighty percent of girls stated this belief in the latest period, with boys lagging behind at 72 percent (figure 15).
figure 15. percentage of high school seniors who said having a good marriage and family life is “extremely important,” by period, united states note: number of respondents for each sex for each period is about. source: jerald g. bachman, lloyd d. johnston, and patrick m. o’malle, “monitoring the future: questionnaire responses from the high school seniors, (ann arbor, mi: survey research center, 2011). monitoring the future surveys are conducted by the survey research center at the university of michigan.
other data from the monitoring the future survey show a moderate increase in the percentage of teenage respondents who said that they expect to marry (or who are already married), recently percent for girls and 77 percent for boys. among teenagers, boys are a little more pessimistic than girls about the belief that their marriage will last a lifetime. but this difference has recently diminished and, since 1986 to 1990, the trend has flattened out (figure 16).
figure 16. percentage of high school seniors, who said it is very likely they will stay married to the same person for life, by period, united states note: number of respondents for each sex for each period is about. from to, the trend is significantly downward for both girls and boys (p < .01 on a test), but after the trend is significantly upward for boys (p < .01 on a test). source: jerald g. bachman, lloyd d. johnston, and patrick m. o’malle, “monitoring the future: questionnaire responses from the high school seniors, (ann arbor, mi: survey research center, 2011). monitoring the future surveys are conducted by the survey research center at the university of michigan.
at the same time, there is widespread acceptance by teenagers of lifestyles. take, for example, agreement with the proposition that “most people will have fuller and happier lives if they choose legal marriage rather than staying single or just living with someone” (figure 17). less than a third of the girls and only slightly more than a third of the boys seem to believe, based on their response to this statement, that marriage is more beneficial to individuals than the alternatives. note also that young women have seen their faith in capacity to deliver happiness fall markedly over the last thirty years. yet this belief is contrary to the available empirical evidence, which consistently indicates the personal as well as social benefits of being married compared to staying single or just living with someone.
figure 17. percentage of high school seniors who agreed or mostly agreed that most people will have fuller and happier lives if they choose legal marriage rather than staying single or just living with someone, by period, united states note: number of respondents for each sex for each period is about. source: jerald g. bachman, lloyd d. johnston, and patrick m. o’malle, “monitoring the future: questionnaire responses from the high school seniors, (ann arbor, mi: survey research center, 2011). monitoring the future surveys are conducted by the survey research center at the university of michigan.
witness the remarkable increase in recent decades in the acceptance of childbearing among teens (figure 18). and note that whereas in the girls tended to be more traditional than boys on this issue, now they are about the same. with more than 50 percent of teenagers now accepting childbearing as a “worthwhile lifestyle,” at least for others, they do not seem to grasp the enormous economic, social, and personal costs of childbearing.
figure 18. percentage of high school seniors who said having a child without being married is experimenting with a worthwhile lifestyle or not affecting anyone else, by period, united states note: number of respondents for each sex for each period is about except for, for which it is about. source: jerald g. bachman, lloyd d. johnston, and patrick m. o’malle, “monitoring the future: questionnaire responses from the high school seniors, (ann arbor, mi: survey research center, 2011). monitoring the future surveys are conducted by the survey research center at the university of michigan.
another remarkable increase is in the percentage of teenagers who are accepting of living together before well over half of all teenagers (figure 19). in this case, girls remain more traditional than boys. the growing cultural acceptance ofitation among high school seniors is with the growth initation demonstrated earlier in this report.
figure 19. percentage of high school seniors who agreed or mostly agreed with the statement, “it is usually a good idea for a couple to live together before getting married in order to find out whether they really get along,” by period, united states note: number of respondents for each sex for each period is about. source: jerald g. bachman, lloyd d. johnston, and patrick m. o’malle, “monitoring the future: questionnaire responses from the high school seniors, (ann arbor, mi: survey research center, 2011). monitoring the future surveys are conducted by the survey research center at the university of michigan.
in summary, marriage and family life remain very important goals for teenagers. nevertheless, teens are also increasingly accepting of a range of lifestyles that can stand in tension with these goals. given the ambiguous character of teenage attitudes regarding marriage, there are no strong signs yet of a generational cultural shift that could lead to a reversal of the recent retreat from marriage.
|
ˈmɛrɪʤ ki ˈfaɪndɪŋ: ˈmɛrɪʤ trɛnz ɪn ˈrisənt ˈdɛkeɪdz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət əˈmɛrɪkənz hæv bɪˈkəm lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈmɛri, ənd ðə moʊst ˈrisənt ˈdætə ʃoʊ ðət ðə ˈmɛrɪʤ reɪt ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ dɪˈklaɪn. əv ðoʊz hu du ˈmɛri, ðɛr həz bɪn ə ˈmɑdərˌeɪt drɔp sɪns ðə ɪn ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈkəpəlz hu kənˈsɪdər ðɛr ˈmɛrɪʤɪz tɪ bi happy,”*,” bət ɪn ðə pæst tu ˈdɛkeɪdz ðɪs trɛnd həz ˈflætənd aʊt. əˈmɛrɪkənz hæv bɪˈkəm lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈmɛri. ðɪs ɪz rɪˈflɛktɪd ɪn ə dɪˈklaɪn əv mɔr ðən 50 pərˈsɛnt, frəm 1970 tɪ 2010 ɪn ðə ˈænjuəl ˈnəmbər əv ˈmɛrɪʤɪz pər ənˈmɛrid ˈædəlt ˈwɪmən (ˈfɪgjər 1 ɪn ril tərmz, ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər əv ˈmɛrɪʤɪz fɛl frəm ˈmɪljən ɪn 1990 tɪ ˈmɪljən ɪn 2010 məʧ əv ðɪs ɪz nɑt klɪr ʤɪst haʊ frəm ðə dɪˈleɪɪŋ əv fərst ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ənˈtɪl ˈoʊldər ˈeɪʤɪz: ðə ˈmidiən eɪʤ æt fərst ˈmɛrɪʤ wɛnt frəm fər ˈfiˌmeɪlz ənd fər meɪlz ɪn 1960 tɪ ənd rɪˈspɛktɪvli, ɪn 2011 ˈəðər ˈfæktərz əˈkaʊnɪŋ fər ðə dɪˈklaɪn ər ðə groʊθ əv ənˈmɛrid koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən ənd ə smɔl ˈdiˌkris ɪn ðə ˈtɛndənsi əv dɪˈvɔrst ˈpərsənz tɪ riˈmɛri. ˈfaɪnəli, juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈdætə ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðə riˈtrit frəm ˈmɛrɪʤ həz ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪd ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðə greɪt ˌriˈsɛʃən. ðə dɪˈklaɪn ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈflɛkts səm ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈlaɪˈflɔŋ singlehood*, ðoʊ ðə ˈækʧəwəl əˈmaʊnt ˈkænɑt bi noʊn ənˈtɪl ˈkɑrənt jəŋ ənd ˈmɪdəˌleɪgd ˈædəlts pæs θru ðə laɪf kɔrs. ˈfɪgjər 1 ˈmɛrɪʤɪz pər ənˈmɛrid ˈwɪmən eɪʤ 15 ənd ˈoʊldər ənd ˈtoʊtəl ˈmɛrɪʤɪz, baɪ jɪr, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: wi hæv juzd ðə ˈnəmbər əv nu ˈmɛrɪʤɪz pər ənˈmɛrid ˈwɪmən eɪʤ 15 ənd ˈoʊldər, ˈrəðər ðən ðə krud ˈmɛrɪʤ reɪt əv ˈmɛrɪʤɪz pər ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, tɪ hɛlp əˈvɔɪd ðə ˈprɑbləm əv ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃənəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, ðət ɪz, ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðət stɛm ˈmɪrli frəm ðɛr biɪŋ mɔr ər lɛs ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈeɪʤɪz. ˈivɪn ðɪs mɔr rɪˈfaɪnd ˈmɛʒər ɪz ˈsəmˈwət səˈsɛptəbəl tɪ ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃənəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. sɔrs: juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ, stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˈæbˌstrækt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, 2001 ˈteɪbəl 117 stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˈæbˌstrækt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, 1986 ˈteɪbəl 124 ənd əˈmɛrɪkən kəmˈjunɪti ˈsərˌveɪ, 2010 ˈteɪbəlz ənd əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml*. ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈædəlts ɪn ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən hu ər ˈkərəntli ˈmɛrid həz ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈmɪnɪʃt. sɪns 1960 ðə dɪˈklaɪn əv ðoʊz ˈmɛrid əˈməŋ ɔl ˈpərsənz eɪʤ 15 ənd ˈoʊldər həz bɪn mɔr ðən 16 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əˈprɑksəmətli 31 pɔɪnts əˈməŋ blæk ˈfiˌmeɪlz (ˈfɪgjər 2 ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ðiz ˈdætə ˌɪnˈklud ˈpipəl hu hæv ˈnɛvər ˈmɛrid, ðoʊz hu hæv ˈmɛrid ənd ðɛn dɪˈvɔrst, ənd ˈwɪdoʊz ər ˈwɪdoʊərz. ˈfɪgjər 2 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ɔl ˈpərsənz eɪʤ 15 ənd ˈoʊldər hu wər ˈmɛrid, baɪ sɛks ənd reɪs, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: pərˈsɛnɪʤɪz əv ˈtoʊtəl meɪlz ənd ˈtoʊtəl ˈfiˌmeɪlz ˌɪnˈklud ˈreɪsɪz ˈəðər ðən blæk ənd waɪt. ɪn 2003 ðə juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ ɪkˈspændɪd ɪts ˈreɪʃəl ˈkætəˌgɔriz tɪ ˈpərˌmɪt rɪˈspɑndənts tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ mɔr ðən wən reɪs. ðɪs minz ðət ˈreɪʃəl ˈdætə ˌkɑmpjuˈteɪʃənz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ɪn 2004 meɪ nɑt bi ˈstrɪktli ˈkɑmprəbəl tɪ ðoʊz əv praɪər jɪrz. sɔrs: juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ, ˈkɑrənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən rɪˈpɔrts, ˈfæməliz ənd ˈlɪvɪŋ arrangements,”*,” 2011 ˈteɪbəl əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2011.html*. ɪn ˈɔrdər ˈpɑrʃəli tɪ kənˈtroʊl fər ə dɪˈklaɪn ɪn ˈmɛrid ˈædəlts du ˈsoʊəli tɪ dɪˈleɪd fərst ˈmɛrɪʤɪz, wi hæv lʊkt æt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈpərsənz eɪʤ 35 θru 44 hu wər ˈmɛrid (ˈfɪgjər 3 sɪns 1960 ðɛr həz bɪn ə drɔp əv mɔr ðən 23 pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts fər ˈmɛrid mɛn ənd 22 pɔɪnts fər ˈmɛrid ˈwɪmən. ˈfɪgjər 3 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈpərsənz eɪʤ hu wər ˈmɛrid baɪ sɛks, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: ðə ˈnəmbər əv rɪˈspɑndənts fər iʧ sɛks fər iʧ ˈpɪriəd ɪz əˈbaʊt fər ənd wɪθ əˈbaʊt rɪˈspɑndənts fər iʧ sɛks. sɔrs: ˈʤɛnərəl ˈsoʊʃəl survey,”*,” kənˈdəktəd baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl əˈpɪnjən ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ. ˈmɛrɪʤ trɛnz ɪn ðə eɪʤ reɪnʤ əv 35 tɪ 44 ər səˈʤɛstɪv əv ˈlaɪˈflɔŋ singlehood*. ɪn ðə pæst ənd stɪl təˈdeɪ, ˈvərʧuəli ɔl ˈpərsənz hu wər goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈmɛri ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɛr ˈlaɪfˌtaɪmz hæd ˈmɛrid baɪ eɪʤ 45 mɔr ðən 90 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈwɪmən hæv ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈmɛrid ɪn ˈɛvəri ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən fər wɪʧ ˈrɛkərdz ɪgˈzɪst, goʊɪŋ bæk tɪ ðə. baɪ 1960 94 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈwɪmən ðɛn ˈlɪvɪŋ hæd bɪn ˈmɛrid æt list wəns baɪ eɪʤ ə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl haɪ pɔɪnt. fər ðə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv 1995 əˈsumɪŋ ə kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃən əv ˈmɛrɪʤ reɪts, ˈsɛvərəl dɪˈmɑgrəfərz prɑˈʤɛktəd ðət 88 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈwɪmən ənd 82 pərˈsɛnt əv mɛn wʊd ˈɛvər ˈmɛri. naʊ, ˈgɪvɪn ˈrisənt dɪˈklaɪnz ɪn ðə ˈmɛrɪʤ reɪt, ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈwɪmən ənd mɛn ˈɛvər ˈmɛriɪŋ ɪz ˈlaɪkli loʊər. ðə dɪˈklaɪn ɪn ˈmɛrɪʤ dɪz nɑt min ðət ˈpipəl ər ˈgɪvɪŋ əp ɔn ˈlɪvɪŋ təˈgɛðər wɪθ ə ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈpɑrtnər. ɔn ðə ˈkɑntrɛri, wɪθ ðə ˈɪnsɪdəns əv ənˈmɛrid koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈræpədli, ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz ˈgɪvɪŋ graʊnd tɪ ənˈwɛd ˈjunjənz. moʊst ˈpipəl naʊ lɪv təˈgɛðər ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ ˈmɛri fər ðə fərst taɪm. ən ˈivɪn haɪər pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv dɪˈvɔrst ˈpərsənz hu ˈsəbsəkwəntli riˈmɛri lɪv təˈgɛðər fərst. ənd ə groʊɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv ˈpərsənz, boʊθ jəŋ ənd oʊld, ər ˈlɪvɪŋ təˈgɛðər wɪθ noʊ plænz tɪ ˈmɛri ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli. ðɛr ɪz ə ˈkɑmən bɪˈlif ðət, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ə sˈmɔlər pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ər ˈmɛriɪŋ ðən wɑz ðə keɪs ə fju ˈdɛkeɪdz əˈgoʊ, ðoʊz hu naʊ ˈmɛri hæv ˈmɛrɪʤɪz əv haɪər kˈwɑləti. ɪt simz ˈrizənəbəl tɪ sərˈmaɪz ðət ɪf dɪˈvɔrs riˈmuvz pur ˈmɛrɪʤɪz frəm ðə pul əv ˈmɛrid ˈkəpəlz ənd koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən marriages”*” dɪˈtər səm bæd ˈmɛrɪʤɪz frəm ˈfɔrmɪŋ, ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ʃʊd, ɔn ˈævərɪʤ, bi ˈhæpiər. ðə bɛst əˈveɪləbəl ˈɛvədəns ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪk, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ðiz əˈsəmpʃənz. sɪns 1973 ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsərˌveɪ ˌpiriˈɑdɪkəli həz æst ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ˈsæmpəlz əv ˈmɛrid əˈmɛrɪkənz tɪ reɪt ðɛr ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ɛz ˈiðər happy,”*,” happy,”*,” ər tu happy.”*.” ɛz ˈfɪgjər 4 ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts, ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv boʊθ mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən rɪˈspɑndɪŋ happy”*” həz dɪˈklaɪnd ˈmɑdərətli ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈfɔrti jɪrz. ðɪs trɛnd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, həz ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈflætənd aʊt ˈoʊvər ðə læst tu ˈdɛkeɪdz. ˈfɪgjər 4 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈmɛrid ˈpərsənz eɪʤ 18 ənd ˈoʊldər hu sɛd ðɛr ˈmɛrɪʤɪz wər happy,”*,” baɪ ˈpɪriəd, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: ðə ˈnəmbər əv rɪˈspɑndənts fər iʧ sɛks fər iʧ ˈpɪriəd ɪz əˈbaʊt fər ənd wɪθ əˈbaʊt rɪˈspɑndənts fər iʧ sɛks. sɔrs: ˈʤɛnərəl ˈsoʊʃəl survey,”*,” kənˈdəktəd baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl əˈpɪnjən ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ. dɪˈvɔrs ki ˈfaɪndɪŋ: ðə əˈmɛrɪkən dɪˈvɔrs reɪt təˈdeɪ ɪz əˈbaʊt twaɪs ðət əv 1960 bət həz dɪˈklaɪnd sɪns ˈhɪtɪŋ ɪts haɪəst pɔɪnt ɪn ɑr ˈhɪstəri ɪn ðə ˈərli. fər ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈkəpəl ˈmɛriɪŋ fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti əv dɪˈvɔrs ər ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən naʊ fɔlz bɪtˈwin 40 ənd 50 pərˈsɛnt. ðə ˌɪnˈkris ɪn dɪˈvɔrs, ʃoʊn baɪ ðə trɛnd ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ˈfɪgjər 5 həz ˈprɑbəˌbli ɪˈlɪsɪtɪd mɔr kənˈsərn ənd dɪˈskəʃən ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər trɛnd ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm trɛnd ɪn dɪˈvɔrs həz bɪn ˈəpwərd sɪns kəˈloʊniəl taɪmz, ðə dɪˈvɔrs reɪt wɑz ˈlɛvəl fər əˈbaʊt tu ˈdɛkeɪdz ˈæftər wərld wɔr ii*, ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈpɪriəd əv haɪ fərˈtɪlɪti noʊn ɛz ðə ˈbeɪbi bum. baɪ ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə 1960s*, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈɪnsɪdəns əv dɪˈvɔrs ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ənd ɪt mɔr ðən ˈdəbəld ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst ˈfɪfˈtin jɪrz tɪ riʧ ə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl haɪ pɔɪnt ɪn ðə ˈərli. ˈfɪgjər 5 ˈnəmbər əv dɪˈvɔrsɪz pər ˈmɛrid ˈwɪmən eɪʤ 15 ənd ˈoʊldər, baɪ jɪr, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: wi hæv juzd ðə ˈnəmbər əv dɪˈvɔrsɪz pər ˈmɛrid ˈwɪmən eɪʤ 15 ənd ˈoʊldər ˈrəðər ðən ðə krud dɪˈvɔrs reɪt əv dɪˈvɔrsɪz pər ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən tɪ hɛlp əˈvɔɪd ðə ˈprɑbləm əv ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃənəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ˈivɪn ðɪs mɔr rɪˈfaɪnd ˈmɛʒər ɪz ˈsəmˈwət səˈsɛptəbəl tɪ ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃənəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz fər ðɪs ˈteɪbəl əp tɪ 2000 ər beɪst ɔn ˈnæʃənəl ˈsɛnər fər hɛlθ stəˈtɪstɪks ˈdætə fər ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, lɛs ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˈʤɔrʤə, həˈwaɪˌi, ˌɪndiˈænə, luˌiziˈænə, ənd ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə. ðə 2011 ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ɪz beɪst ɔn ˈnæʃənəli ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ˈdætə frəm ðə əˈmɛrɪkən kəmˈjunɪti ˈsərˌveɪ ðət dɪz nɑt ɪkˈsklud ðiz sɪks steɪts. ðəs, ðə 2011 ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ɪz nɑt ˈstrɪktli ˈkɑmprəbəl tɪ ˈɛstəˌmeɪts frəm ˈərliər jɪrz. sɔrs: juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ, stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˈæbˌstrækt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, 2001 ˈteɪbəl 117 ˈsɛnərz fər dɪˈziz kənˈtroʊl ənd priˈvɛnʃən, ““births*, ˈmɛrɪʤɪz, dɪˈvɔrsɪz, ənd dɛθs: prəˈvɪʒənəl data,”*,” 2000 ɪn ˈnæʃənəl ˈvaɪtəl stəˈtɪstɪks rɪˈpɔrt 49 ənd juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ, əˈmɛrɪkən kəmˈjunɪti ˈsərˌveɪ, 2011 ˈteɪbəlz ənd sɪns ðɛn, ðə dɪˈvɔrs reɪt həz ˈmɑdəstli dɪˈklaɪnd. ðə dɪˈklaɪn əˈpɛrəntli ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə slaɪt ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈmærətəl stəˈbɪlɪti. tu ˈprɑbəbəl ˈrizənz fər ðɪs ər ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə eɪʤ æt wɪʧ ˈpipəl ˈmɛri fər ðə fərst taɪm, ənd ðət ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz prɑˈgrɛsɪvli bɪˈkəmɪŋ ðə prɪˈzərv əv ðə ˈwɛˈlɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd. boʊθ əv ðiz ˈfæktərz ər əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈgreɪtər ˈmærətəl stəˈbɪlɪti. (noʊt: ðə əbˈzərvd ˌɪnˈkris ɪn dɪˈvɔrs reɪts frəm 2000 tɪ 2011 kʊd bi ə tru ˌɪnˈkris bæk tɪ ðə dɪˈvɔrs reɪts əv 1990 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs trɛnd kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi ɪkˈspleɪnd æt list ɪn pɑrt baɪ ə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn haʊ ðə juz. ˈgæðərz dɪˈvɔrs ˈdætə.) ˌɔlˈðoʊ ə məˈʤɔrəti əv dɪˈvɔrst ˈpərsənz ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli riˈmɛri, ðə groʊθ əv dɪˈvɔrs, ənd dɪˈklaɪnz ɪn riˈmɛrɪʤ, hæv lɛd tɪ ə stip ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ɔl ˈædəlts hu ər ˈkərəntli dɪˈvɔrst (ˈfɪgjər 6 ðɪs pərˈsɛnɪʤ, wɪʧ wɑz ˈoʊnli pərˈsɛnt fər meɪlz ənd pərˈsɛnt fər ˈfiˌmeɪlz ɪn 1960 hæd kwɑˈdrupəld baɪ ðə jɪr 2000 ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv dɪˈvɔrst ˈpərsənz ɪz haɪər fər ˈfiˌmeɪlz ðən fər meɪlz praɪˈmɛrəli bɪˈkəz dɪˈvɔrst mɛn ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ riˈmɛri ðən dɪˈvɔrst ˈwɪmən. ˈɔlsoʊ, əˈməŋ ðoʊz hu du riˈmɛri, mɛn ˈʤɛnərəli du soʊ ˈsunər ðən ˈwɪmən. ˈfɪgjər 6 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ɔl ˈpərsənz eɪʤ 15 ənd ˈoʊldər hu wər dɪˈvɔrst, baɪ sɛks ənd reɪs, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: ɪn 2003 ðə juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ ɪkˈspændɪd ɪts ˈreɪʃəl ˈkætəˌgɔriz tɪ ˈpərˌmɪt rɪˈspɑndənts tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ mɔr ðən wən reɪs. ðɪs minz ðət ˈreɪʃəl ˈdætə ˌkɑmpjuˈteɪʃənz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ɪn 2004 meɪ nɑt bi ˈstrɪktli ˈkɑmprəbəl tɪ ðoʊz əv praɪər jɪrz. ““divorced”*” ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ˈfæməli ˈstætəs æt ðə taɪm əv ˈsərˌveɪ. dɪˈvɔrst hu ˈleɪtər ˈmɛri ər ˈkaʊntɪd ɛz ““married.”*.” sɔrs: juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ, ˈkɑrənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən rɪˈpɔrts, ˈfæməliz ənd ˈlɪvɪŋ arrangements,”*,” 2011 ˈteɪbəl ənd ˈərliər ˈsɪmələr rɪˈpɔrts, əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2011.html*. wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈkəlʧərəl ˈætəˌtudz, ˈfɪgjər 7 ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət ðə ˈpəblɪk həz bɪˈkəm ˈrəðər mɔr əkˈsɛptɪŋ əv dɪˈvɔrs ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, ˈæftər ˈtərnɪŋ əˈgɛnst dɪˈvɔrs ˈsəmˈwət ɪn ðə ənd 1990s*. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈsoʊbərɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ˈɪnsəfɑr ɛz mɔr pərˈmɪsɪv dɪˈvɔrs ˈætəˌtudz ər əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ənd mɔr ənˈsteɪbəl ˈmɛrɪʤɪz. ˈfɪgjər 7 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz eɪʤ hu sɛd ðət dɪˈvɔrs lɔz ʃʊd bi ʧeɪnʤd tɪ meɪk ˈgɪtɪŋ ə dɪˈvɔrs difficult,”*,” baɪ ˈpɪriəd, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: ðə ˈnəmbər əv rɪˈspɑndənts fər iʧ sɛks fər iʧ ˈpɪriəd ɪz əˈbaʊt fər ənd wɪθ əˈbaʊt rɪˈspɑndənts fər iʧ sɛks. sɔrs: ˈʤɛnərəl ˈsoʊʃəl survey,”*,” kənˈdəktəd baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl əˈpɪnjən ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ. ˈoʊvərˌɔl, ðə ˈʧænsɪz rɪˈmeɪn bɪtˈwin 40 ənd 50 ə fərst ˈmɛrɪʤ ˈɛnərd ˈɪntu ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz wɪl ɛnd ɪn ˈiðər dɪˈvɔrs ər ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən ˌbiˈfɔr wən ˈpɑrtnər daɪz. (ˌhaʊˈɛvər, si ðə əˈkəmpəniɪŋ ˈsaɪdˌbɑr: ˈʧænsɪz əv dɪˈvɔrs meɪ bi məʧ loʊər ðən ju think.”*.”) ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd əv dɪˈvɔrs həz ˈvɛrid kənˈsɪdərəbli əˈməŋ ˈdɪfərənt ˌsɛgˈmɛnts əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən: ðə ˈfɪgjərz ər haɪər fər blæks ðən fər waɪts, fər ˈɪnstəns, ənd haɪər ɪn ðə saʊθ ənd wɛst ðən ɪn ˈəðər pɑrts əv ðə ˈkəntri. bət ðiz ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz hæv bɪn dɪˈmɪnɪʃɪŋ. ðə trɛnd təˈwɔrd ə ˈgreɪtər ˌsɪməˈlɛrəti əv dɪˈvɔrs reɪts bɪtˈwin waɪts ənd blæks ɪz ˈlɑrʤli əˈtrɪbjətəbəl tɪ ðə fækt ðət fjuər blæks ər ˈmɛriɪŋ. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ðɛr həz bɪn ˈlɪtəl ʧeɪnʤ ɪn səʧ trəˈdɪʃənəli lɑrʤ dɪˈvɔrs reɪt ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɛz bɪtˈwin ðoʊz hu ˈmɛri wɪn ðeɪ ər ˈtiˌneɪʤərz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðoʊz hu ˈmɛri ˈæftər eɪʤ 21 ənd ðə ˌnɑnrɪˈlɪʤəs kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə rɪˈlɪʤəsli kəˈmɪtɪd. ˈtiˌneɪʤərz ənd ðə ˌnɑnrɪˈlɪʤəs hu ˈmɛri hæv haɪər dɪˈvɔrs reɪts. ɛz ˈnoʊtɪd ɪn ðə 2010 ɪˈdɪʃən əv ðə steɪt əv ɑr ˈjunjənz, ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə groʊɪŋ ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl dɪˈvaɪd ɪn dɪˈvɔrs ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts: əˈmɛrɪkənz feɪs ə məʧ haɪər dɪˈvɔrs reɪt ðən ðɛr ˈfɛloʊ ˈsɪtɪzənz. baɪ naʊ ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvriˌwən həz hərd ðət ðə ˈnæʃənəl dɪˈvɔrs reɪt ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst 50 pərˈsɛnt əv ɔl ˈmɛrɪʤɪz. ðɪs ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli tru fər ðə ˈmɛrid ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɛz ə hoʊl. bət fər ˈmɛni ˈpipəl, ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈʧænsɪz əv dɪˈvɔrs ər fɑr bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks əv ˈpipəl ˈɛnərɪŋ ə ˈmɛrɪʤ hæv ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ðɛr rɪsk əv dɪˈvɔrs. hir ər səm ˈdiˌkrisɪz ɪn ðə rɪsk əv dɪˈvɔrs ər ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst tɛn jɪrz əv ˈmɛrɪʤ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈvɛriəs ˈpərsɪnəl ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈfæktərz: ˈfæktərz pərˈsɛnt ˈdiˌkris ɪn rɪsk əv dɪˈvɔrs ˈænjuəl ˈɪnˌkəm ˈoʊvər (ˈvərsəz. ˈəndər 30 ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈbeɪbi ˈsɛvən mənθs ər mɔr ˈæftər ˈmɛrɪʤ (ˈvərsəz. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmɛrɪʤ) 24 ˈmɛriɪŋ ˈoʊvər 25 jɪrz əv eɪʤ (ˈvərsəz. ˈəndər 18 24 ˈfæməli əv ˈɔrəʤən ˌɪnˈtækt (ˈvərsəz. dɪˈvɔrst ˈpɛrənts) 14 rɪˈlɪʤəs əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən (ˈvərsəz. nən) 14 ˈkɑlɪʤ (ˈvərsəz. haɪ skul ˈdrɑˌpaʊt) 25 soʊ ɪf ju ər ə ˈrizənəbli ˈwɛˈlɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd ˈpərsən wɪθ ə ˈdisənt ˈɪnˌkəm, kəm frəm ən ˌɪnˈtækt ˈfæməli ənd ər rɪˈlɪʤəs, ənd ˈmɛri ˈæftər eɪʤ 25 wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈbeɪbi fərst, jʊr ˈʧænsɪz əv dɪˈvɔrs ər ˈvɛri loʊ ˌɪnˈdid. ˈɔlsoʊ, ðə tɪ 50 percent”*” dɪˈvɔrs reɪt rɪˈfərz tɪ ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ˈɛnərd ˈɪntu ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr jɪr ðət ər prɑˈʤɛktəd tɪ ɛnd ɪn dɪˈvɔrs ər ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃən ˌbiˈfɔr wən spaʊs daɪz. səʧ prɑˈʤɛkʃənz əˈsum ðət ðə dɪˈvɔrs ənd dɛθ reɪts əˈkərɪŋ ðət jɪr wɪl kənˈtɪnju ˌɪnˈdɛfənətli ˈɪntu ðə əˈsəmpʃən ðət ɪz ˈjusfəl mɔr ɛz ən ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər əv ðə ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti əv ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ɪn ðə ˈrisənt pæst ðən ɛz ə prɪˈdɪktər əv fˈjuʧər ɪˈvɛnts. ɪn fækt, ðə dɪˈvɔrs reɪt həz bɪn ˈdrɑpɪŋ, sˈloʊli, sɪns ˈpikɪŋ əraʊnd 1980 ənd ðə reɪt kʊd bi loʊər (ər haɪər) ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər ðən ɪt ɪz təˈdeɪ. ˈmæθju di. ˈbræmlɪt ənd ˈwɪljəm di. ˈmoʊʒər, koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən, ˈmɛrɪʤ, dɪˈvɔrs ənd riˈmɛrɪʤ ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈvaɪtəl ənd hɛlθ stəˈtɪstɪks 23 (ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ˌdiˈsi: ˈnæʃənəl ˈsɛnər fər hɛlθ stəˈtɪstɪks, 2002 ənd ˈdəbəlju. ˈbrædfərd ˈwɪlkɑks, ˈmɛrɪʤ ˌdɪsəˈpɪrz: ðə riˈtrit frəm ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪn ˈmɪdəl america,”*,” ðə steɪt əv ɑr ˈjunjənz: 2010 (ˈʃɑrlətsˌvɪl, va*: ˈnæʃənəl ˈmɛrɪʤ fər əˈmɛrɪkən ˈvæljuz, 2010 ðə rɪsks ər ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd fər ˈwɪmən ˈoʊnli. roʊz ɛm. ˈkraɪdər ənd ˈʤeɪsən ɛm. fildz, ““number*, ˈtaɪmɪŋ, ənd ˈdʊˈreɪʃən əv ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ənd dɪˈvɔrsɪz, ˈkɑrənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən rɪˈpɔrts, (ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ˌdiˈsi: juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ, 2005 ənˈmɛrid koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən ki ˈfaɪndɪŋ: ðə ˈnəmbər əv ənˈmɛrid ˈkəpəlz həz ˌɪnˈkrist drəˈmætɪkəli ˈoʊvər ðə pæst faɪv ˈdɛkeɪdz. moʊst ˈjəŋgər əˈmɛrɪkənz naʊ spɛnd səm taɪm ˈlɪvɪŋ təˈgɛðər ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈmɛrɪʤ, ənd ənˈmɛrid koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən ˈkɑmənli prɪˈsidz ˈmɛrɪʤ. bɪtˈwin 1960 ənd 2011 ɛz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ɪn ˈfɪgjər 8 ðə ˈnəmbər əv ənˈmɛrid ˈkəpəlz ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə ˌɪnˈkrist mɔr ðən seventeen-fold*. ənˈmɛrid ˈstætəs əv ˈkəpəlz hu ər ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈpɑrtnərz, nɑt ˈmɛrid tɪ iʧ ˈəðər, ənd ˈʃɛrɪŋ ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈkɑmən əˈməŋ ðə jəŋ. ɪt ɪz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət əˈbaʊt ə kˈwɔrtər əv ənˈmɛrid ˈwɪmən eɪʤ 25 tɪ 39 ər ˈkərəntli ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈpɑrtnər ənd ən əˈdɪʃənəl kˈwɔrtər hæv lɪvd wɪθ ə ˈpɑrtnər æt səm taɪm ɪn ðə pæst. mɔr ðən 60 pərˈsɛnt əv fərst ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ər naʊ prɪˈsidɪd baɪ ˈlɪvɪŋ təˈgɛðər, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈvərʧuəli nən ˈfɪfti jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ˈfɪgjər 8 ˈnəmbər əv koʊˈhæbɪtɪŋ, ənˈmɛrid, ˈædəlt ˈkəpəlz əv ðə ˈɑpəzɪt sɛks, baɪ jɪr, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: praɪər tɪ 1996 ðə juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz beɪst ɔn tu ənˈmɛrid ˈædəlts əv ðə ˈɑpəzɪt sɛks ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə seɪm ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld. ˈæftər 1996 rɪˈspɑndənts kʊd aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz ənˈmɛrid ˈpɑrtnərz. sɔrs: juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ, ˈkɑrənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən rɪˈpɔrts, ˈfæməliz ənd ˈlɪvɪŋ arrangements,”*,” 2011 ˈteɪbəl əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2011.html*. fər ˈmɛni, koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən ɪz ə ˈpreɪˌlud tɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ, fər ˈəðərz ˈsɪmpli ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ ˈlɪvɪŋ əˈloʊn, ənd fər ə smɔl bət groʊɪŋ ˈnəmbər ɪt ɪz kənˈsɪdərd ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ. koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən ɪz mɔr ˈkɑmən əˈməŋ ðoʊz əv loʊər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ənd ˈɪnˌkəm ˈlɛvəlz. ɑr 2010 rɪˈpɔrt ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət əˈməŋ ˈwɪmən ɪn ðə 25 tɪ 44 eɪʤ reɪnʤ, 75 pərˈsɛnt əv haɪ skul ˈdrɑˌpaʊts hæv kəmˈpɛrd tɪ 50 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈgræʤəˌweɪts. koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr ˈkɑmən əˈməŋ ðoʊz hu ər lɛs rɪˈlɪʤəs ðən ðɛr pɪrz, ðoʊz hu hæv bɪn dɪˈvɔrst, ənd ðoʊz hu hæv ɪkˈspɪriənst pərˈɛntəl dɪˈvɔrs, fatherlessness*, ər haɪ ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈmærətəl ˈdɪskɔrd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd. ə groʊɪŋ pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv koʊˈhæbɪtɪŋ ˈkəpəl ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz, naʊ ˈoʊvər 40 pərˈsɛnt, kənˈteɪnz ˈʧɪldrən. ðə bɪˈlif ðət ˈlɪvɪŋ təˈgɛðər ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz ə ˈjusfəl weɪ faɪnd aʊt ˈwɛðər ju ˈrɪli gɪt along,”*,” ənd ðəs əˈvɔɪd ə bæd ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ən əˈvɛnʧuəl dɪˈvɔrs, ɪz naʊ ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd əˈməŋ jəŋ ˈpipəl. bət ðə əˈveɪləbəl ˈstədiz ɔn ðə ˈifɛkts əv koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən ər mɪkst. ɪn fækt, səm ˈɛvədəns ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət ðoʊz hu lɪv təˈgɛðər ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmɛrɪʤ ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ breɪk əp ˈæftər ˈmɛrɪʤ. ðɪs ˈɛvədəns ɪz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ ðə effect”*” frəm ðə əv koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən effect.”*.” ðə səˈlɛkʃən ˈifɛkt rɪˈfərz tɪ ðə fækt ðət ˈpipəl hu koʊˈhæbɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmɛrɪʤ hæv ˈdɪfərənt ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks frəm ðoʊz hu du nɑt, ənd ɪt meɪ bi ðiz ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks, ənd nɑt ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns əv koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən, ðət lidz tɪ ˈmærətəl ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti. ðɛr ɪz səm ˌɛmˈpɪrɪkəl səˈpɔrt fər boʊθ pəˈzɪʃənz. fər ˈɪnstəns, ə ˈrisənt ˈstədi beɪst ɔn ə ˈsæmpəl əv mɔr ðən ˈmɛrid mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən kənˈkludɪd ðət priˈmɛrətəl koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən, wɪn ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈpɪriəd ˈæftər ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt, ɪz nɑt əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ən ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd rɪsk əv ˈmærətəl ˈprɑbləmz; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ˈstədi ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ðət ˈkəpəlz hu praɪər tɪ ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt wər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ hæv ˈmærətəl ˈprɑbləmz ənd lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈhæpi ɪn ðɛr ˈmɛrɪʤɪz. wət kən bi sɛd ɪz ðət ðə ˈrisərʧ dɪz nɑt prəˈvaɪd kənˈsɪstənt ˈɛvədəns ðət koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən hɛlps ˈkəpəlz priˈpɛr fər ˈmɛrɪʤ. wɪn ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əv ðə ˈmɛni ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈmɛrɪʤ, ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈæˌspɛkts ər ˈɔfən ˈoʊvərˌlʊkt. jɛt ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ər səbˈstænʃəl, boʊθ fər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ənd fər soʊˈsaɪɪti. ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz ə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən. ˈmɛrid ˈkəpəlz kriˈeɪt mɔr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈæˌsɛts ɔn ˈævərɪʤ ðən du ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈsɪmələr ˈsɪŋgəlz ər ˈkəpəlz. ə 2002 ˈstədi əv rɪˈtaɪərmənt ˈdætə kənˈkludɪd ðət hu du nɑt pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ˈligəl ˈmɛrɪʤ (e.g*., ˈnɛvər ˈmɛrid ər koʊˈhæbɪtɪŋ) hæv sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli loʊər wɛlθ ðən ðoʊz hu ər kənˈtɪnjuəsli married.”*.” kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðoʊz kənˈtɪnjuəsli ˈmɛrid, ðoʊz hu ˈnɛvər ˈmɛrid hæd ə rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn wɛlθ əv 75 pərˈsɛnt, ðoʊz hu wər ˈkərəntli koʊˈhæbɪtɪŋ hæd ə rɪˈdəkʃən əv 58 pərˈsɛnt, ənd ðoʊz hu dɪˈvɔrst ənd riˈmɛri hæd ə rɪˈdəkʃən əv 72 pərˈsɛnt. wən maɪt θɪŋk ðət ðə ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən fər waɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈæˌsɛts ɪz bɪˈkəz ðoʊz ˈpipəl hu ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi wɛlθ kriˈeɪtərz ər ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈmɛri ənd steɪ ˈmɛrid. ənd ðɪs ɪz ˈsərtənli tru, bət ˈoʊnli ɪn pɑrt. ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ˌɪtˈsɛlf prəˈvaɪdz ə ˈboʊnəs. ɪt dɪz ðɪs θru prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ɪˈkɑnəmiz əv skeɪl (tu kən lɪv mɔr ˈʧipli ðən wən), ənd ɛz ˌɪmˈplɪsətli ə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈpərsɪnəl ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɪt ɪnˈkərəʤəz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌspɛʃələˈzeɪʃən. ˈwərkɪŋ ɛz ə ˈkəpəl, ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz kən dɪˈvɛləp ðoʊz skɪlz ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ ɪkˈsɛl, ˈlivɪŋ ˈəðərz tɪ ðɛr spaʊs. ˈɔlsoʊ, ˈmɛrid ˈkəpəlz seɪv ənd ˌɪnˈvɛst mɔr fər ðə fˈjuʧər, ənd ðeɪ kən ækt ɛz ə smɔl ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns pul əˈgɛnst laɪf ənˈsərtəntiz səʧ ɛz ˈɪlnəs ənd ʤɑb lɔs. ˈprɑbəˌbli bɪˈkəz əv ˈmærətəl ˈsoʊʃəl nɔrmz ðət ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈhɛlθi, pərˈdəktɪv bɪˈheɪvjər, mɛn tɛnd tɪ bɪˈkəm mɔr ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli pərˈdəktɪv ˈæftər ˈmɛrɪʤ; ðeɪ ərn bɪtˈwin 10 ənd 20 pərˈsɛnt mɔr ðən du ˈsɪŋgəl mɛn wɪθ ˈsɪmələr ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd ʤɑb ˈhɪstəriz. ɔl əv ðiz ˈbɛnəfɪts ər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt əv ðə fækt ðət ˈmɛrid ˈkəpəlz rɪˈsiv mɔr ənd səˈpɔrt ənd ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr hɛlp ənd səˈpɔrt frəm ðɛr ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈfæməliz (tu sɛts əv ˌɪnˈlɔz) ənd frɛndz. bɪɔnd ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ædˈvæntɪʤɪz əv ˈmɛrɪʤ fər ðə ˈmɛrid ˈkəpəlz ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ˈmɛrɪʤ həz ə trɪˈmɛndəs ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn soʊˈsaɪɪti. ˈmɛrɪʤ trɛnz hæv ə bɪg ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ˈfæməli ˈɪnˌkəm ˈlɛvəlz ənd ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti. ˈæftər mɔr ðən ˈdəbəlɪŋ bɪtˈwin 1947 ənd 1977 ðə groʊθ əv ˈmidiən ˈfæməli ˈɪnˌkəm həz sloʊd ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz. ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈrizən ɪz ðət ˈmɛrid ˈkəpəlz, hu fɛr ˈbɛtər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli ðən ðɛr ˈsɪŋgəl ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts, hæv bɪn ə ˈræpədli ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ prəˈpɔrʃən əv ˈtoʊtəl ˈfæməliz. ɪn ðɪs seɪm ˈpɪriəd, ənd ɪn lɑrʤ pɑrt bɪˈkəz əv ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər, ˈfæməli ˈɪnˌkəm ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti həz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˌɪnˈkrist. ˈrisərʧ həz kənˈsɪstəntli ʃoʊn ðət dɪˈvɔrs ənd ənˈmɛrid ˈʧaɪldˌbɛrɪŋ ˌɪnˈkris ʧaɪld ˈpɑvərti. ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈʧɪldrən hu groʊ əp ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈmɛrid ˈfæməliz hæv ɪkˈspɪriənst æt list wən jɪr əv daɪər ˈpɑvərti. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wən ˈstədi, ɪf ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər hæd nɑt ʧeɪnʤd bɪtˈwin 1960 ənd 1998 ðə blæk ʧaɪld ˈpɑvərti reɪt ɪn 1998 wʊd hæv bɪn pərˈsɛnt ˈrəðər ðən pərˈsɛnt, ənd ðə waɪt ʧaɪld ˈpɑvərti reɪt wʊd hæv bɪn pərˈsɛnt ˈrəðər ðən pərˈsɛnt. ðə raɪz ɪn ʧaɪld ˈpɑvərti, əv kɔrs, ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈpəblɪk kɔsts ɪn hɛlθ ənd ˈwɛlˌfɛr ˈproʊˌgræmz. ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ðət ɛnd ɪn dɪˈvɔrs ˈɔlsoʊ ər ˈvɛri ˈkɔstli tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk. wən ˈrisərʧər dɪˈtərmənd ðət ə ˈsɪŋgəl dɪˈvɔrs kɔsts steɪt ənd ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənts əˈbaʊt beɪst ɔn səʧ ˈfæktərz ɛz ðə ˌɪnˈkrist juz əv fud stæmps ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈhaʊzɪŋ ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌɪnˈkrist ˈbæŋkrəptsiz ənd ˈʤuvəˌnaɪl dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi. ðə ˈmɪljən dɪˈvɔrsɪz ɪn 2002 ər ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd tɪ hæv kɔst ðə ˈtækˌspeɪərz mɔr ðən 30 ˈbɪljən. ˈʤænɪt ˈwɪlməθ ənd ˈgrɛgər koso*, ˈmærətəl ˈhɪstəri ˈmætər? ˈmærətəl ˈstætəs ənd wɛlθ ˈaʊtˌkəmz əˈməŋ adults,”*,” ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ðə ˈfæməli 64 2002 265 ˈtɑməs ə. hirschl*, ʤɔɪs ɑltoʊˈbɛli, ənd mɑrk ɑr. ræŋk, ˈmɛrɪʤ ˌɪnˈkris ðə ɑdz əv ˈæfluəns? ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ ðə laɪf kɔrs probabilities,”*,” ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ðə ˈfæməli 65 2003 ˈʤoʊzəf ˈləptən ənd ʤeɪmz pi. smɪθ, ““marriage*, ˈæˌsɛts ənd savings,”*,” ɪn ə. grossbard-schectman*, ɛd., ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi (ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ: ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 2003 ʧən ənd li, du ˈmɛrid mɛn ərn mɔr: ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti ər ˈmɛrɪʤ selection?”*?” ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri 39 2001 ˈsændərz ənd ˈdeɪvɪd neumark*, ˈmɛrɪʤ ˈrɪli meɪk mɛn mɔr productive?”*?” ˈʤərnəl əv ˈjumən ˈrisɔrsɪz 26 1991 ˈkərmɪt ˈdænjəl, ˈmɛrɪʤ premium,”*,” ɪn ˌmɑriˈɑnoʊ toʊˈmɑsi ənd ˈkæθrɪn ierulli*, eds*., ðə nu ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks əv ˈjumən bɪˈheɪvjər (ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ: ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1995 haʊ, ˈstrəkʧər, ˈpraɪvət ˈtrænsfərz, ənd ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ əv ˈfæməliz wɪθ children,”*,” ˈsoʊʃəl ˈfɔrsɪz 75 1996 juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ, 50 jɪrz əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ʧeɪnʤ ˈjuzɪŋ ðə mɑrʧ ˈkɑrənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən survey,”*,” ˈkɑrənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən rɪˈpɔrts, (ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ˌdiˈsi: ˈgəvərnmənt ˈprɪnɪŋ ˈɔfəs, 1998 ʤɑn ˈaɪslənd, ˈpɑvərti rɪˈmeɪnz haɪ: ðə roʊl əv ˈɪnˌkəm groʊθ, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti, ənd ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər, dɪˈmɑgrəfi 40 2003 mɑrk ɑr. ræŋk ənd ˈtɑməs ə. hirschl*, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk rɪsk əv ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə: ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪŋ ðə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈpɑvərti əˈkrɔs ðə ˈfɔrmətɪv years,”*,” ˈʤərnəl əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ðə ˈfæməli 61 1999 ˈædəm ˈtɑməs ənd ˈɪzəˌbɛl ˈsɔˌhɪl, ˈrɪʧər ər fər ˈpurər: ˈmɛrɪʤ ɛz ən ˌæntiˈpɑvərti strategy,”*,” ˈʤərnəl əv ˈpɑləsi æˈnælɪsɪs ənd ˈmænɪʤmənt 21 2002 4 ˈdeɪvɪd ʃræm, ənd ˈsoʊʃəl kɔsts əv dɪˈvɔrs ɪn utah,”*,” ˈʤərnəl əv ˈfæməli ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪʃuz 27 2006 1 lɔs əv ki ˈfaɪndɪŋ: ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ˈʧɪldrən ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə həz dɪˈklaɪnd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli sɪns 1960 ɛz ˈmɛʒərd baɪ fərˈtɪlɪti reɪts ənd ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz wɪθ ˈʧɪldrən. ˈəðər ˈɪndəˌkeɪtərz səˈʤɛst ðət ðɪs dɪˈklaɪn həz rɪˈdust ðə əv ɑr ˈneɪʃən ənd kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðə ˈwikənɪŋ əv ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən əv ˈmɛrɪʤ. θruaʊt ˈhɪstəri, ˈmɛrɪʤ həz fərst ənd ˈfɔrˌmoʊst bɪn ən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən fər ˈproʊkriˈeɪʃən ənd ˈreɪzɪŋ ˈʧɪldrən. ɪt həz prəˈvaɪdɪd ðə ˈkəlʧərəl taɪ ðət siks tɪ kəˈnɛkt ðə ˈfɑðər tɪ hɪz ˈʧɪldrən baɪ ˈbaɪndɪŋ ɪm tɪ ðə ˈməðər əv hɪz ˈʧɪldrən. jɛt ɪn ˈrisənt taɪmz, ˈʧɪldrən hæv ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli bɪn pʊʃt frəm ˈsɛnər steɪʤ. əˈmɛrɪkənz ɔn ˈævərɪʤ hæv bɪn ˈhævɪŋ fjuər ˈʧɪldrən. ˈfɪgjər 9 ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðə dɪˈklaɪn ɪn fərˈtɪlɪti sɪns 1960 ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ noʊt ðət fərˈtɪlɪti hæd bɪn ˈgræʤuəli dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ θruaʊt əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri, ˈriʧɪŋ ə loʊ pɔɪnt ɪn ðə greɪt dɪˈprɛʃən əv ðə ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsədənli ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈbeɪbi bum ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ˈstɑrtɪŋ ɪn 1945 baɪ 1960 ðə bərθ reɪt wɑz bæk tɪ wɛr ɪt hæd bɪn ɪn 1920 wɪθ ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈwʊmən ˈhævɪŋ əˈbaʊt θri ənd ˈʧɪldrən ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv hər laɪf. ˈæftər 1960 ðə bərθ reɪt dɪˈklaɪnd ˈʃɑrpli fər tu ˈdɛkeɪdz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈlɛvəlɪŋ ɔf əraʊnd 1990 ˈfɪgjər 9 fərˈtɪlɪti reɪts əv ˈwɪmən eɪʤ baɪ jɪr, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: ðə ˈnəmbər əv bərθs ðət ən ˈævərɪʤ ˈwʊmən wʊd hæv ɪf, æt iʧ jɪr əv eɪʤ, ʃi ɪkˈspɪriənst ðə bərθ reɪts əˈkərɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd jɪr. ə ˈtoʊtəl fərˈtɪlɪti reɪt əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts level”*” fərˈtɪlɪti ˈəndər ˈkɑrənt mɔrˈtæləti kənˈdɪʃənz (əˈsumɪŋ noʊ nɛt maɪˈgreɪʃən). sɔrs: ˈsɛnərz fər dɪˈziz kənˈtroʊl ənd priˈvɛnʃən, ˈnæʃənəl ˈvaɪtəl stəˈtɪstɪks rɪˈpɔrt, 1993 ənd 2001 ““births*: prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈdætə fər ˈnæʃənəl ˈvaɪtəl stəˈtɪstɪks rɪˈpɔrt ɑkˈtoʊbər 3 2012 ɪn 2011 ðə ˈleɪtəst jɪr fər wɪʧ wi hæv kəmˈplit ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ðə əˈmɛrɪkən fərˈtɪlɪti rate”*” (tfr*) stʊd æt bɪˈloʊ ðə 1990 ˈlɛvəl ənd sˈlaɪtli bɪˈloʊ tu ˈʧɪldrən pər ˈwʊmən. ðɪs reɪt ɪz bɪˈloʊ ðə level”*” əv ðə ˈlɛvəl æt wɪʧ ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən wʊd bi ˌriˈpleɪst θru bərθs əˈloʊn, ənd ɪz wən əv ðə haɪəst reɪts faʊnd ɪn ˈmɑdərn ˌɪnˈdəstriəˌlaɪzd səˈsaɪɪtiz. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, ɪn moʊst ˌjʊrəˈpiən ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈeɪʒən ˈneɪʃənz ðə ˈtoʊtəl fərˈtɪlɪti reɪt həz ˈdiˌkrist tɪ ə ˈlɛvəl wɛl bɪˈloʊ ðət əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ɪn səm ˈkəntriz tɪ sˈlaɪtli mɔr ðən wən ʧaɪld pər ˈwʊmən. ðə juz. fərˈtɪlɪti reɪt ɪz ˈrɛlətɪvli haɪ du ɪn pɑrt tɪ ðə ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən əv ɑr hɪˈspænɪk ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm dɪˈklaɪn əv bərθs həz hæd ə mɑrkt ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˈmeɪˌkəp əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ɪt ɪz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət ɪn ðə mɔr ðən 75 pərˈsɛnt əv ɔl ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz kənˈteɪnd ˈʧɪldrən ˈəndər ðə eɪʤ əv 18 wən ˈhənərd jɪrz ˈleɪtər, ɪn 1960 ðɪs ˈnəmbər hæd drɑpt tɪ sˈlaɪtli lɛs ðən hæf əv ɔl ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz. ɪn 2011 ʤɪst faɪv ˈdɛkeɪdz ˈleɪtər, ˈoʊnli 32 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈʧɪldrən (ˈfɪgjər 10 ðɪs ˈɑbviəsli minz ðət ˈædəlts ər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ ˈʧɪldrən, ðət ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ kənˈteɪn ˈʧɪldrən, ənd ðət ˈʧɪldrən ər lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ə kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ɪn ˈdeɪli laɪf. ɪt səˈʤɛsts ðət ðə nidz ənd kənˈsərnz əv jəŋ ˈgræʤuəli bi rɪˈsidɪŋ frəm ɑr ˈnæʃənəl ˈkɑnʃəsnəs. ˈfɪgjər 10 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz wɪθ wən ər mɔr ˈʧɪldrən ˈəndər eɪʤ 18 juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts sɔrs: juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ, stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˈæbˌstrækt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, 1964 ˈteɪbəlz 36 ənd 54 1980 ˈteɪbəlz 62 ənd 67 1985 ˈteɪbəlz 54 ənd 63 ənd 1994 ˈteɪbəl 67 ˈkɑrənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən rɪˈpɔrts, ˈfæməliz ənd ˈlɪvɪŋ arrangements,”*,” 2011 ˈteɪbəlz ənd əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2011.html*. ˈsɛvərəl ˈskɑlərz dɪˈtərmənd ðət ɪn 1960 ðə prəˈpɔrʃən əv laɪf spɛnt ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ ə spaʊs ənd ˈʧɪldrən wɑz 62 pərˈsɛnt, ðə haɪəst ɪn ɑr ˈhɪstəri. baɪ ðət jɪr ðə dɛθ reɪt hæd ˈpləmətɪd soʊ ðət fjuər ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ˈɛndɪd θru dɛθ, ənd ðə dɪˈvɔrs ˌrɛvəˈluʃən əv ˈrisənt ˈdɛkeɪdz hæd nɑt jɛt ˈbeɪgən, soʊ ðət ə ˈrɛlətɪvli smɔl ˈnəmbər əv ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ˈɛndɪd ɪn dɪˈvɔrs. baɪ 1985 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ʤɪst tˈwɛntiˌfaɪv jɪrz ˈleɪtər, ðə prəˈpɔrʃən əv laɪf spɛnt wɪθ spaʊs ənd ˈʧɪldrən drɑpt tɪ 43 loʊəst ɪn ɑr ˈhɪstəri. ðɪs rɪˈmɑrkəbəl rɪˈvərsəl wɑz kɔzd ˈmeɪnli baɪ ðə dɪˈklaɪn əv fərˈtɪlɪti ənd ðə ˈwikənɪŋ əv ˈmɛrɪʤ θru dɪˈvɔrs ənd ənˈwɛd bərθs. ɪn ə kəmˈpɛrəsən əv ˌɪnˈdəstriəˌlaɪzd ˈneɪʃənz, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ræŋkt ˈvərʧuəli æt ðə tɔp ɪn ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ðoʊz dɪsəˈgriɪŋ wɪθ ðɪs ˈsteɪtmənt: meɪn ˈpərpəs əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz ˈhævɪŋ children.”*.” ˈnɪrli 70 pərˈsɛnt əv əˈmɛrɪkənz bɪˈliv ðə meɪn ˈpərpəs əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls, kəmˈpɛrd, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, tɪ 51 pərˈsɛnt əv nɔrˈwiʤənz ənd 45 pərˈsɛnt əv ˌɪˈtæljənz. kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðɪs vju ɪz ə drəˈmætɪk ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ɑr ˈætəˌtudz əˈbaʊt ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈmɛrɪʤɪz təˈgɛðər fər ˈʧɪldrən. ɪn ə ˈdiˌtrɔɪt ˈɛriə ˈsæmpəl əv ˈwɪmən, ðə prəˈpɔrʃən əv ˈwɪmən ˈænsərɪŋ ““no”*” tɪ ðə kˈwɛʃən ə ˈkəpəl steɪ təˈgɛðər fər ðə seɪk əv ðə children?”*?” ʤəmpt frəm 51 pərˈsɛnt tɪ 82 pərˈsɛnt bɪtˈwin 1962 ənd 1985 ə 1994 ˈsæmpəl faʊnd ˈoʊnli 15 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əˈgriɪŋ ðət ðɛr ər ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ðə ˈfæməli, ˈpɛrənts ʃʊd steɪ təˈgɛðər ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ gɪt along.”*.” wən ˈifɛkt əv ðə ˈwikənɪŋ əv ɪz klɪr. ə ˈkɛrfəl æˈnælɪsɪs əv dɪˈvɔrs stəˈtɪstɪks ʃoʊz ðət, bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əraʊnd 1975 ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ə ˈmɛrɪʤ həz bɪˈkəm ˈoʊnli ə ˈvɛri ˈmaɪnər ˌɪnˈhɪbətər əv dɪˈvɔrs (sˈlaɪtli mɔr soʊ wɪn ðə ʧaɪld ɪz meɪl ˈrəðər ðən ˈfiˌmeɪl). ˈfræʤəl ˈfæməliz wɪθ ˈʧɪldrən ki ˈfaɪndɪŋ: ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈʧɪldrən hu groʊ əp ɪn həz groʊn ɪˈnɔrməsli ˈoʊvər ðə pæst faɪv ˈdɛkeɪdz. ðɪs ɪz ˈmeɪnli du tɪ ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn dɪˈvɔrs, bərθs, ənd ənˈmɛrid koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən. ðə trɛnd təˈwɔrd ˈfræʤəl ˈfæməliz ˈlɛvəld ɔf ɪn ðə leɪt 1990s*, bət ðə moʊst ˈrisənt ˈdætə ʃoʊ ə slaɪt ˌɪnˈkris. ðɛr ɪz naʊ ˈæmpəl ˈɛvədəns ðət ˈsteɪbəl ənd ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ər ˈkruʃəl fər ðə ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ əv ˈædəlts. jɛt səʧ ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ər ˈivɪn mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ðə ˈprɑpər ˌsoʊʃəlɪˈzeɪʃən ənd ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ əv ˈʧɪldrən. ə ˈsɛntrəl ˈpərpəs əv ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən əv ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə riˈspɑnsəbəl ənd ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt əv boʊθ ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpɛrənts ɪn ðə ˈdɪfəkəlt ənd tæsk əv ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə nɛkst ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən. ðə trɛnd təˈwɔrd ˈfæməliz ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt əv ðə ˈrisənt ˈfæməli trɛnz ðət hæv əˈfɛktɪd ˈʧɪldrən ənd ˌædəˈlɛsənts (ˈfɪgjər 11 ðɪs ɪz bɪˈkəz ðə ˈʧɪldrən ɪn səʧ ˈfæməliz hæv ˈnɛgətɪv laɪf ˈaʊtˌkəmz æt tu tɪ θri taɪmz ðə reɪt əv ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ˈmɛrid, ˈfæməliz. waɪl ɪn 1960 ˈoʊnli 9 pərˈsɛnt əv ɔl ˈʧɪldrən lɪvd ɪn ˈfæməliz, ə ˈfɪgjər ðət hæd ʧeɪnʤd ˈlɪtəl ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv ðə tˈwɛnˌtiɛθ ˈsɛnʧəri, baɪ 2011 ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ hæd ˈrɪzən tɪ 26 ˈfɪgjər 11 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈʧɪldrən ˈəndər eɪʤ 18 ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpɛrənt, baɪ jɪr ənd reɪs, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: ˈtoʊtəl ˌɪnˈkludz blæks, waɪts, ənd ɔl ˈəðər ˈreɪʃəl ənd ˈɛθnɪk ˈgrupɪŋz. ˈoʊvər ðiz ˈdɛkeɪdz ən əˈdɪʃənəl 3 tɪ 4 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈʧɪldrən, nɑt ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈfɪgjər əˈbəv, wər ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɛz ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ noʊ ˈpɛrənt. ɪn 2003 ðə juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ ɪkˈspændɪd ɪts ˈreɪʃəl ˈkætəˌgɔriz tɪ ˈpərˌmɪt rɪˈspɑndənts tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ mɔr ðən wən reɪs. ðɪs minz ðət ˈreɪʃəl ˈdætə ˌkɑmpjuˈteɪʃənz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ɪn 2004 meɪ nɑt bi ˈstrɪktli ˈkɑmprəbəl tɪ ðoʊz əv praɪər jɪrz. ɪn 2000 ənd 2010 waɪts ɪz ridɪˈfaɪnd tɪ waɪt, non-hispanic*, ənd hɪˈspænɪk ɪz ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd aʊt ɛz ɪts oʊn grup. praɪər tɪ 2007 ðə juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈkaʊntɪd ˈʧɪldrən ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ tu koʊˈhæbɪtɪŋ ˈpɛrənts ɛz ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpɛrənt ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz. si tɪ ˈdætə kəˈlɛkʃən əˈbaʊt ˈfæməliz ɪn ˈsiˌpiˈɛs əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam.html*. sɔrs: juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ, ˈkɑrənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən rɪˈpɔrts, ˈfæməliz ənd ˈlɪvɪŋ arrangements,”*,” 2011 ˈteɪbəl ˈsiθˈri əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2011.html*. ən ˌɪndərˈɛkt ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər əv ˈfræʤəl ˈfæməliz ɪz ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈʧɪldrən ˈəndər eɪʤ 18 ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ tu ˈmɛrid ˈpɛrənts. sɪns 1960 ðɪs pərˈsɛnɪʤ həz dɪˈklaɪnd səbˈstænʃəli, baɪ 23 pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts (ˈfɪgjər 12 ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ðɪs ˈmɛʒər meɪks noʊ dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪtˈwin ˈnæʧərəl ənd; ɪt ɪz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət səm 88 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈfæməliz kənˈsɪst əv boʊθ ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpɛrənts, waɪl 9 pərˈsɛnt ər. ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət ˈʧɪldrən ɪn, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə səbˈstænʃəl ənd groʊɪŋ ˈbɑdi əv ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns ˈɛvədəns, fɛr noʊ ˈbɛtər ɪn laɪf ðən ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ˈfæməliz. ˈdætə ɔn, ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ˈprɑbəˌbli ər mɔr ˈrizənəbli kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ ðən wɪθ ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈfæməliz. ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər ðət hɛlps riˈzɑlv ðɪs ˈɪʃu ɪz ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈʧɪldrən hu lɪv əˈpɑrt frəm ðɛr ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈfɑðərz. ðət pərˈsɛnɪʤ həz ˈdəbəld sɪns 1960 frəm 17 pərˈsɛnt tɪ 34 pərˈsɛnt. ˈfɪgjər 12 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈʧɪldrən ˈəndər eɪʤ 18 ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ tu ˈmɛrid ˈpɛrənts, baɪ jɪr ənd reɪs, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: ˈtoʊtəl ˌɪnˈkludz blæks, waɪts, ənd ɔl ˈəðər ˈreɪʃəl ənd ˈɛθnɪk ˈgrupɪŋz. ɪn 2003 ðə juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ ɪkˈspændɪd ɪts ˈreɪʃəl ˈkætəˌgɔriz tɪ ˈpərˌmɪt rɪˈspɑndənts tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ mɔr ðən wən reɪs. ðɪs minz ðət ˈreɪʃəl ˈdætə ˌkɑmpjuˈteɪʃənz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ɪn 2004 meɪ nɑt bi ˈstrɪktli ˈkɑmprəbəl tɪ ðoʊz əv praɪər jɪrz. parents”*” meɪ bi stɛp- ər ˈnæʧərəl ˈpɛrənts əv ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ðə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld. ɪn 2000 ənd 2011 waɪts ɪz ridɪˈfaɪnd tɪ waɪt, non-hispanic*, ənd hɪˈspænɪk ɪz ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd aʊt ɛz ɪts oʊn grup. sɔrs: juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ, ˈkɑrənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən rɪˈpɔrts, ˈfæməliz ənd ˈlɪvɪŋ arrangements,”*,” 2011 ˈteɪbəl ˈsiθˈri əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2011.html*. ðə drəˈmætɪk ʃɪft ɪn ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd baɪ ðiz ˈmɛʒərz həz bɪn ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ˈmeɪnli baɪ θri ˈbərʤənɪŋ trɛnz: dɪˈvɔrs, ənˈmɛrid bərθs, ənd ənˈmɛrid koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən. ðə ˈɪnsɪdəns əv dɪˈvɔrs bɪˈgæn tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˈræpədli ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 1960s*. ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈʧɪldrən ˈəndər eɪʤ 18 ˈnuli əˈfɛktɪd baɪ pərˈɛntəl dɪˈvɔrs iʧ jɪr, moʊst əv hum hæv lɔst ə ˈrɛzɪdənt ˈfɑðər, gru frəm ˈəndər ɪn 1960 tɪ wɛl ˈoʊvər ə ˈmɪljən ɪn 1975 ˈæftər ˈpikɪŋ əraʊnd 1980 ðət ˈnəmbər ˈlɛvəld ɔf ənd rɪˈmeɪnz kloʊz tɪ ə ˈmɪljən nu ˈʧɪldrən iʧ jɪr. məʧ əv ðə ˈrizən fər ðə ˈlɛvəlɪŋ ɔf ɪz ə drɔp ɪn ˈævərɪʤ ˈfæməli saɪz; iʧ dɪˈvɔrs ðət əˈkərz təˈdeɪ ˈtɪpɪkəli əˈfɛkts ə sˈmɔlər ˈnəmbər əv ˈʧɪldrən ðən ɪn ðə pæst. ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈrizən fər ðə ʃɪft ɪn ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər ɪz ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈbeɪbiz bɔrn tɪ ənˈwɛd ˈməðərz, wɪʧ ˈsədənli ənd ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪdli bɪˈgæn tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˈræpədli ɪn ðə. sɪns 1960 ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈbeɪbiz bɔrn tɪ ənˈwɛd ˈməðərz həz ˌɪnˈkrist mɔr ðən ˈsɛvənˌfoʊld (ˈfɪgjər 13 mɔr ðən fɔr ɪn tɛn bərθs ənd mɔr ðən ˌtuˈθərdz əv blæk bərθs ɪn 2011 ðə ˈleɪtəst jɪr fər wɪʧ wi hæv kəmˈplit ˈdætə, wər. ˈfɪgjər 13 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv lɪv bərθs ðət wər tɪ ənˈmɛrid ˈwɪmən, baɪ jɪr, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: ˈtoʊtəl ˌɪnˈkludz waɪts, blæks, ənd ɔl ˈəðər ˈreɪʃəl ənd ˈɛθnɪk ˈgrupɪŋz. sɔrs: juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ, stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˈæbˌstrækt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, 1995 ˈteɪbəl 94 1999 ˈteɪbəl 99 2000 ˈteɪbəl 85 ənd 2001 ˈteɪbəl 76 əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt www.census.gov/prod/www/abs/statab.html*. ˈsɛnərz fər dɪˈziz kənˈtroʊl priˈvɛnʃən, ““births*: prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈdætə fər ˈnæʃənəl ˈvaɪtəl stəˈtɪstɪks rɪˈpɔrt 61 ˈteɪbəl 1 əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr61/nvsr61_05.pdf*. ə θərd ənd stɪl mɔr ˈrisənt ˈfæməli trɛnd ðət həz əˈfɛktɪd ˈfæməli ˈstrəkʧər ɪz ðə ˈræpɪd groʊθ əv ənˈmɛrid koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən. ɪn fækt, mɔr koʊˈhæbɪtɪŋ ˈkəpəlz ər ˈhævɪŋ ˈʧɪldrən, ər ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˈʧɪldrən ˈɪntu ðɛr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp. ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛntli, ðɛr həz bɪn əˈbaʊt ə ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə ˈnəmbər əv koʊˈhæbɪtɪŋ ˈkəpəlz hu lɪv wɪθ ˈʧɪldrən sɪns 1960 (ˈfɪgjər 14 sˈlaɪtli mɔr ðən 40 pərˈsɛnt əv ɔl ˈʧɪldrən ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ spɛnd səm taɪm ɪn ə koʊˈhæbɪtɪŋ ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɛr ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd jɪrz. ˈfɪgjər 14 ˈnəmbər əv koʊˈhæbɪtɪŋ, ənˈmɛrid, ˈædəlt ˈkəpəlz əv ðə ˈɑpəzɪt sɛks ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ wən ər mɔr ˈʧɪldrən, baɪ steɪts sɔrs: praɪər tɪ 1996 ðə juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz beɪst ɔn tu ənˈmɛrid ˈædəlts əv ðə ˈɑpəzɪt sɛks ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə seɪm ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld. ˈæftər 1996 rɪˈspɑndənts kʊd aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz ənˈmɛrid ˈpɑrtnərz. ðə ˈsɛnsəs ˈɔlsoʊ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz wɪθ ˈʧɪldrən ˈəndər 15 ənˈtɪl 1996 wɪn ðeɪ bɪˈgæn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈʧɪldrən ˈəndər 18 sɔrs: juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ, ˈkɑrənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən rɪˈpɔrts, ˈfæməliz ənd ˈlɪvɪŋ arrangements,”*,” 2011 ˈteɪbəl əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn æt www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/hh-fam/cps2011.html*. ɪn 2000 əˈbaʊt 40 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz ˌɪnˈkludɪd wən ər mɔr ˈʧɪldrən ˈəndər eɪʤ 18 fər ənˈmɛrid ˈkəpəlz ɪn ðə 25 tɪ 34 eɪʤ grup, ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ wɪθ ˈʧɪldrən ɪz haɪər stɪl, əˈproʊʧɪŋ hæf əv ɔl səʧ ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz. ˈsɛvənti pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz ər ðə ˈʧɪldrən əv ˈoʊnli wən ˈpɑrtnər. ˌɪnˈdid, ɪf wən ˌɪnˈkludz koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən ɪn ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv stepfamily*, ˈɔlˌmoʊst wən hæf əv təˈdeɪ wʊd kənˈsɪst əv ə ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈpɛrənt ənd ˌənrɪˈleɪtɪd koʊˈhæbɪtɪŋ ˈpɑrtnər. ˈʧɪldrən hu groʊ əp wɪθ koʊˈhæbɪtɪŋ ˈkəpəlz tɛnd tɪ hæv wərs laɪf ˈaʊtˌkəmz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðoʊz groʊɪŋ əp wɪθ ˈmɛrid ˈkəpəlz. ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈrizənz ər ðət koʊˈhæbɪtɪŋ ˈkəpəlz hæv ə məʧ haɪər ˈbreɪˌkəp reɪt ðən ˈmɛrid ˈkəpəlz, ə loʊər ˈlɛvəl əv ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˈɪnˌkəm, ənd haɪər ˈlɛvəlz əv ʧaɪld əˈbjuz ənd dəˈmɛstɪk ˈvaɪələns. ðə prəˈpɔrʃən əv koʊˈhæbɪtɪŋ ˈməðərz hu ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈmɛri ðə ˈfɑðərz əv ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən ɪz dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ, ə dɪˈklaɪn ˈsædli prɪˈdɪktɪv əv ˌɪnˈkrist ˈprɑbləmz fər ˈʧɪldrən. tin ˈætəˌtudz əˈbaʊt ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli ki ˈfaɪndɪŋ: ðə dɪˈzaɪər əv ˈtiˌneɪʤərz əv boʊθ ˈsɛksɪz fər gʊd ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli life”*” həz rɪˈmeɪnd haɪ ˈoʊvər ðə pæst fju ˈdɛkeɪdz. bɔɪz ər ˈɔlˌmoʊst tɛn pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts lɛs dɪˈzaɪrəs ðən gərlz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ənd ðeɪ ər ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˌpɛsəˈmɪstɪk əˈbaʊt ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈmɛrɪʤ. boʊθ bɔɪz ənd gərlz hæv bɪˈkəm mɔr əkˈsɛptɪŋ əv ˈlaɪfˌstaɪlz ðət ər ɔlˈtərnətɪvz tɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ənˈwɛd ˈʧaɪldˌbɛrɪŋ ənd priˈmɛrətəl koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən. tɪ faɪnd aʊt wət ðə fˈjuʧər meɪ hoʊld fər ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli laɪf ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ dɪˈtərmən wət ɑr juθ ər seɪɪŋ ənd ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, ənd haʊ ðɛr vjuz hæv ʧeɪnʤd ˈoʊvər taɪm. ər ðiz ˈprɑdəkts əv ðə dɪˈvɔrs ˌrɛvəˈluʃən goʊɪŋ tɪ kənˈtɪnju ðə ˈfæməli weɪz əv ðɛr ˈpɛrənts? ər maɪt ðɛr bi ə ˈkəlʧərəl ˌkaʊntərrɛvəˈluʃən əˈməŋ ðə jəŋ ðət kʊd lɛd tɪ ə rɪˈvərsəl əv ˈkɑrənt ˈfæməli trɛnz? ˈfɔrʧənətli, sɪns 1976 ə ˈnæʃənəli ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ˈsərˌveɪ əv haɪ skul ˈsinjərz ˈæptli ˈtaɪtəld ðə future,”*,” kənˈdəktəd ˈænjuəli baɪ ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈrisərʧ æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɪʃɪgən, həz æst ˈnumərəs kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ˈtɑpɪks. beɪst ɔn ðɪs ˈsərˌveɪ, ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈtiˌneɪʤərz əv boʊθ ˈsɛksɪz hu sɛd ðət ˈhævɪŋ ə gʊd ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli laɪf wɑz important”*” tɪ ðɛm həz rɪˈmeɪnd haɪ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈdɛkeɪdz. ˈeɪti pərˈsɛnt əv gərlz ˈsteɪtɪd ðɪs bɪˈlif ɪn ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈpɪriəd, wɪθ bɔɪz ˈlægɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd æt 72 pərˈsɛnt (ˈfɪgjər 15 ˈfɪgjər 15 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv haɪ skul ˈsinjərz hu sɛd ˈhævɪŋ ə gʊd ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli laɪf ɪz important,”*,” baɪ ˈpɪriəd, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: ˈnəmbər əv rɪˈspɑndənts fər iʧ sɛks fər iʧ ˈpɪriəd ɪz əˈbaʊt sɔrs: ˈʤɛrəld ʤi. ˈbɑkmən, lɔɪd di. ˈʤɑnstən, ənd ˈpætrɪk ɛm. o’malle*, ðə fˈjuʧər: kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr rɪˈspɑnsɪz frəm ðə haɪ skul ˈsinjərz, (æn ˈɑrbər, mi: ˈsərˌveɪ ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər, 2011 ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə fˈjuʧər ˈsərˌveɪz ər kənˈdəktəd baɪ ðə ˈsərˌveɪ ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɪʃɪgən. ˈəðər ˈdætə frəm ðə ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə fˈjuʧər ˈsərˌveɪ ʃoʊ ə ˈmɑdərˌeɪt ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈtiˌneɪʤ rɪˈspɑndənts hu sɛd ðət ðeɪ ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ ˈmɛri (ər hu ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈmɛrid), ˈrisəntli pərˈsɛnt fər gərlz ənd 77 pərˈsɛnt fər bɔɪz. əˈməŋ ˈtiˌneɪʤərz, bɔɪz ər ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˌpɛsəˈmɪstɪk ðən gərlz əˈbaʊt ðə bɪˈlif ðət ðɛr ˈmɛrɪʤ wɪl læst ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm. bət ðɪs ˈdɪfərəns həz ˈrisəntli dɪˈmɪnɪʃt ənd, sɪns 1986 tɪ 1990 ðə trɛnd həz ˈflætənd aʊt (ˈfɪgjər 16 ˈfɪgjər 16 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv haɪ skul ˈsinjərz, hu sɛd ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri ˈlaɪkli ðeɪ wɪl steɪ ˈmɛrid tɪ ðə seɪm ˈpərsən fər laɪf, baɪ ˈpɪriəd, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: ˈnəmbər əv rɪˈspɑndənts fər iʧ sɛks fər iʧ ˈpɪriəd ɪz əˈbaʊt frəm tɪ ðə trɛnd ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈdaʊnwərd fər boʊθ gərlz ənd bɔɪz (pi 01 ɔn ə tɛst), bət ˈæftər ðə trɛnd ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈəpwərd fər bɔɪz (pi 01 ɔn ə tɛst). sɔrs: ˈʤɛrəld ʤi. ˈbɑkmən, lɔɪd di. ˈʤɑnstən, ənd ˈpætrɪk ɛm. o’malle*, ðə fˈjuʧər: kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr rɪˈspɑnsɪz frəm ðə haɪ skul ˈsinjərz, (æn ˈɑrbər, mi: ˈsərˌveɪ ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər, 2011 ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə fˈjuʧər ˈsərˌveɪz ər kənˈdəktəd baɪ ðə ˈsərˌveɪ ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɪʃɪgən. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ðɛr ɪz ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd əkˈsɛptəns baɪ ˈtiˌneɪʤərz əv ˈlaɪfˌstaɪlz. teɪk, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, əˈgrimənt wɪθ ðə ˌprɑpəˈzɪʃən ðət ˈpipəl wɪl hæv ˈfʊlər ənd ˈhæpiər lɪvz ɪf ðeɪ ʧuz ˈligəl ˈmɛrɪʤ ˈrəðər ðən steɪɪŋ ˈsɪŋgəl ər ʤɪst ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ someone”*” (ˈfɪgjər 17 lɛs ðən ə θərd əv ðə gərlz ənd ˈoʊnli sˈlaɪtli mɔr ðən ə θərd əv ðə bɔɪz sim tɪ bɪˈliv, beɪst ɔn ðɛr rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðɪs ˈsteɪtmənt, ðət ˈmɛrɪʤ ɪz mɔr ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl tɪ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ðən ðə ɔlˈtərnətɪvz. noʊt ˈɔlsoʊ ðət jəŋ ˈwɪmən hæv sin ðɛr feɪθ ɪn kəˈpæsɪti tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈhæpinəs fɔl ˈmɑrkɪdli ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈθərˌdi jɪrz. jɛt ðɪs bɪˈlif ɪz ˈkɑntrɛri tɪ ðə əˈveɪləbəl ˌɛmˈpɪrɪkəl ˈɛvədəns, wɪʧ kənˈsɪstəntli ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈsoʊʃəl ˈbɛnəfɪts əv biɪŋ ˈmɛrid kəmˈpɛrd tɪ steɪɪŋ ˈsɪŋgəl ər ʤɪst ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən. ˈfɪgjər 17 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv haɪ skul ˈsinjərz hu əˈgrid ər ˈmoʊstli əˈgrid ðət moʊst ˈpipəl wɪl hæv ˈfʊlər ənd ˈhæpiər lɪvz ɪf ðeɪ ʧuz ˈligəl ˈmɛrɪʤ ˈrəðər ðən steɪɪŋ ˈsɪŋgəl ər ʤɪst ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən, baɪ ˈpɪriəd, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: ˈnəmbər əv rɪˈspɑndənts fər iʧ sɛks fər iʧ ˈpɪriəd ɪz əˈbaʊt sɔrs: ˈʤɛrəld ʤi. ˈbɑkmən, lɔɪd di. ˈʤɑnstən, ənd ˈpætrɪk ɛm. o’malle*, ðə fˈjuʧər: kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr rɪˈspɑnsɪz frəm ðə haɪ skul ˈsinjərz, (æn ˈɑrbər, mi: ˈsərˌveɪ ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər, 2011 ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə fˈjuʧər ˈsərˌveɪz ər kənˈdəktəd baɪ ðə ˈsərˌveɪ ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɪʃɪgən. ˈwɪtnəs ðə rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈrisənt ˈdɛkeɪdz ɪn ðə əkˈsɛptəns əv ˈʧaɪldˌbɛrɪŋ əˈməŋ tinz (ˈfɪgjər 18 ənd noʊt ðət wɛˈræz ɪn ðə gərlz ˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi mɔr trəˈdɪʃənəl ðən bɔɪz ɔn ðɪs ˈɪʃu, naʊ ðeɪ ər əˈbaʊt ðə seɪm. wɪθ mɔr ðən 50 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈtiˌneɪʤərz naʊ əkˈsɛptɪŋ ˈʧaɪldˌbɛrɪŋ ɛz ə lifestyle,”*,” æt list fər ˈəðərz, ðeɪ du nɑt sim tɪ græsp ðə ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, ˈsoʊʃəl, ənd ˈpərsɪnəl kɔsts əv ˈʧaɪldˌbɛrɪŋ. ˈfɪgjər 18 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv haɪ skul ˈsinjərz hu sɛd ˈhævɪŋ ə ʧaɪld wɪˈθaʊt biɪŋ ˈmɛrid ɪz ɛkˈspɛrəˌmɛntɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈwərθˈwaɪl ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl ər nɑt əˈfɛktɪŋ ˈɛniˌwən ɛls, baɪ ˈpɪriəd, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: ˈnəmbər əv rɪˈspɑndənts fər iʧ sɛks fər iʧ ˈpɪriəd ɪz əˈbaʊt ɪkˈsɛpt fər fər wɪʧ ɪt ɪz əˈbaʊt sɔrs: ˈʤɛrəld ʤi. ˈbɑkmən, lɔɪd di. ˈʤɑnstən, ənd ˈpætrɪk ɛm. o’malle*, ðə fˈjuʧər: kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr rɪˈspɑnsɪz frəm ðə haɪ skul ˈsinjərz, (æn ˈɑrbər, mi: ˈsərˌveɪ ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər, 2011 ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə fˈjuʧər ˈsərˌveɪz ər kənˈdəktəd baɪ ðə ˈsərˌveɪ ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɪʃɪgən. əˈnəðər rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˌɪnˈkris ɪz ɪn ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈtiˌneɪʤərz hu ər əkˈsɛptɪŋ əv ˈlɪvɪŋ təˈgɛðər ˌbiˈfɔr wɛl ˈoʊvər hæf əv ɔl ˈtiˌneɪʤərz (ˈfɪgjər 19 ɪn ðɪs keɪs, gərlz rɪˈmeɪn mɔr trəˈdɪʃənəl ðən bɔɪz. ðə groʊɪŋ ˈkəlʧərəl əkˈsɛptəns əv koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən əˈməŋ haɪ skul ˈsinjərz ɪz wɪθ ðə groʊθ ɪn koʊˌhæbəˈteɪʃən ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ˈərliər ɪn ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt. ˈfɪgjər 19 pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv haɪ skul ˈsinjərz hu əˈgrid ər ˈmoʊstli əˈgrid wɪθ ðə ˈsteɪtmənt, ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli ə gʊd aɪˈdiə fər ə ˈkəpəl tɪ lɪv təˈgɛðər ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈmɛrid ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ faɪnd aʊt ˈwɛðər ðeɪ ˈrɪli gɪt along,”*,” baɪ ˈpɪriəd, juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts noʊt: ˈnəmbər əv rɪˈspɑndənts fər iʧ sɛks fər iʧ ˈpɪriəd ɪz əˈbaʊt sɔrs: ˈʤɛrəld ʤi. ˈbɑkmən, lɔɪd di. ˈʤɑnstən, ənd ˈpætrɪk ɛm. o’malle*, ðə fˈjuʧər: kˌwɛsʧəˈnɛr rɪˈspɑnsɪz frəm ðə haɪ skul ˈsinjərz, (æn ˈɑrbər, mi: ˈsərˌveɪ ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər, 2011 ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə fˈjuʧər ˈsərˌveɪz ər kənˈdəktəd baɪ ðə ˈsərˌveɪ ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɪʃɪgən. ɪn ˈsəməri, ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd ˈfæməli laɪf rɪˈmeɪn ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt goʊlz fər ˈtiˌneɪʤərz. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, tinz ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli əkˈsɛptɪŋ əv ə reɪnʤ əv ˈlaɪfˌstaɪlz ðət kən stænd ɪn ˈtɛnʃən wɪθ ðiz goʊlz. ˈgɪvɪn ðə æmˈbɪgjuəs ˈkɛrɪktər əv ˈtiˌneɪʤ ˈætəˌtudz rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈmɛrɪʤ, ðɛr ər noʊ strɔŋ saɪnz jɛt əv ə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənəl ˈkəlʧərəl ʃɪft ðət kʊd lɛd tɪ ə rɪˈvərsəl əv ðə ˈrisənt riˈtrit frəm ˈmɛrɪʤ.
|
the state department admitted wednesday that a 2013 press briefing video was purposefully altered to remove a portion of a discussion about the iran nuclear talks, after an unknown state department official asked that it be edited out.
spokesman john kirby's announcement contradicted the position held by the department for the last three weeks, during which officials said the video was missing because of a "glitch."
but kirby said officials didn't know who asked for the video to be edited, and said the department is unlikely to investigate further into who wanted the video to be edited.
kirby said he asked the office of the legal adviser to look into the issue, and that officials "learned that a specific request was made to excise that portion of the briefing. we do not know who made the request to edit the video, or why it was made."
kirby insisted that the person who made the edit only remembers that he or she got a call from someone at the state department, who was passing on a request from the departments' public affairs bureau. but he said the person who received the call didn't remember who the caller was, and doesn't know who in that bureau made the request.
the missing video clip was revealed more than three weeks ago, and it involves jen, who was asked in 2013 whether officials ever lie to the public to protect national security interests. seemed to indicate that this does happen.
"james, i think there are times where diplomacy needs privacy in order to progress. this is a good example of that," replied to fox news reporter james rosen.
when it was revealed that the video had been edited to remove those comments, the state department quickly restored the entire video, and blamed the missing video on a " glitch."
psaki worked in the public affairs bureau, but kirby didn't say it was who made the request, or who it might have been. but he did say the request was made in 2013, when she was still at the state department. she has since moved to the white house, and said wednesday that she wasn't behind the decision to alter the video.
rosen's question dealt with when the obama administration started the iran nuclear talks. the administration initially said the talks started in 2013, after moderate leaders took over iran.
but evidence has since surfaced that the talks started earlier, before moderates were in power, a fact that some see as evidence that obama wanted a deal at any cost.
kirby said that while it was wrong to edit the video, there's no basis for investigating the issue further.
"there were no rules in place at the time to govern this sort of action, so while i believe it was an inappropriate step to take, i see little foundation for pressing forward with a formal investigation," he said.
the only step the department is taking is to put rules in place to make it harder to alter videos in the future.
"to my surprise, the bureau of public affairs did not have in place any rules governing this type of action," kirby said. "therefore, we are taking immediate steps to craft appropriate protocols on this issue, as we believe that deliberately removing a portion of the video was not and is not in keeping with the state department's commitment to transparency and public accountability."
|
ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ədˈmɪtəd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðət ə 2013 prɛs ˈbrifɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ wɑz ˈpərpəsfəli ˈɔltərd tɪ riˈmuv ə ˈpɔrʃən əv ə dɪˈskəʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪˈrɑn ˈnukliər tɔks, ˈæftər ən ənˈnoʊn steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt əˈfɪʃəl æst ðət ɪt bi ˈɛdɪtɪd aʊt. ˈspoʊksmən ʤɑn ˈkərbiz əˈnaʊnsmɛnt ˌkɑntrəˈdɪktəd ðə pəˈzɪʃən hɛld baɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt fər ðə læst θri wiks, ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd ðə ˈvɪdioʊ wɑz ˈmɪsɪŋ bɪˈkəz əv ə "glɪʧ." bət ˈkərbi sɛd əˈfɪʃəlz ˈdɪdənt noʊ hu æst fər ðə ˈvɪdioʊ tɪ bi ˈɛdɪtɪd, ənd sɛd ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪz ənˈlaɪkli tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ˈfərðər ˈɪntu hu ˈwɔntɪd ðə ˈvɪdioʊ tɪ bi ˈɛdɪtɪd. ˈkərbi sɛd hi æst ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə ˈligəl ædˈvaɪzər tɪ lʊk ˈɪntu ðə ˈɪʃu, ənd ðət əˈfɪʃəlz "ˈlərnɪd ðət ə spɪˈsɪfɪk rɪkˈwɛst wɑz meɪd tɪ ˈɛksaɪz ðət ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˈbrifɪŋ. wi du nɑt noʊ hu meɪd ðə rɪkˈwɛst tɪ ˈɛdət ðə ˈvɪdioʊ, ər waɪ ɪt wɑz meɪd." ˈkərbi ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət ðə ˈpərsən hu meɪd ðə ˈɛdət ˈoʊnli rɪˈmɛmbərz ðət hi ər ʃi gɑt ə kɔl frəm ˈsəmˌwən æt ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt, hu wɑz ˈpæsɪŋ ɔn ə rɪkˈwɛst frəm ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənts' ˈpəblɪk əˈfɛrz ˈbjʊroʊ. bət hi sɛd ðə ˈpərsən hu rɪˈsivd ðə kɔl ˈdɪdənt rɪˈmɛmbər hu ðə ˈkɔlər wɑz, ənd ˈdəzənt noʊ hu ɪn ðət ˈbjʊroʊ meɪd ðə rɪkˈwɛst. ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ klɪp wɑz rɪˈvild mɔr ðən θri wiks əˈgoʊ, ənd ɪt ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ʤɛn, hu wɑz æst ɪn 2013 ˈwɛðər əˈfɪʃəlz ˈɛvər laɪ tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɪntərɪsts. simd tɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðɪs dɪz ˈhæpən. "ʤeɪmz, aɪ θɪŋk ðɛr ər taɪmz wɛr dɪˈploʊməsi nidz ˈpraɪvəsi ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈprɑˌgrɛs. ðɪs ɪz ə gʊd ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðət," rɪˈplaɪd tɪ fɑks nuz rɪˈpɔrtər ʤeɪmz ˈroʊzən. wɪn ɪt wɑz rɪˈvild ðət ðə ˈvɪdioʊ hæd bɪn ˈɛdɪtɪd tɪ riˈmuv ðoʊz ˈkɑmɛnts, ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt kˈwɪkli rɪˈstɔrd ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈvɪdioʊ, ənd bleɪmd ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ ɔn ə glɪʧ." wərkt ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk əˈfɛrz ˈbjʊroʊ, bət ˈkərbi ˈdɪdənt seɪ ɪt wɑz hu meɪd ðə rɪkˈwɛst, ər hu ɪt maɪt hæv bɪn. bət hi dɪd seɪ ðə rɪkˈwɛst wɑz meɪd ɪn 2013 wɪn ʃi wɑz stɪl æt ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt. ʃi həz sɪns muvd tɪ ðə waɪt haʊs, ənd sɛd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðət ʃi ˈwəzənt bɪˈhaɪnd ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ˈɔltər ðə ˈvɪdioʊ. ˈroʊzənz kˈwɛʃən dɛlt wɪθ wɪn ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈstɑrtɪd ðə ˌɪˈrɑn ˈnukliər tɔks. ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˌɪˈnɪʃəli sɛd ðə tɔks ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn 2013 ˈæftər ˈmɑdərˌeɪt ˈlidərz tʊk ˈoʊvər ˌɪˈrɑn. bət ˈɛvədəns həz sɪns ˈsərfɪst ðət ðə tɔks ˈstɑrtɪd ˈərliər, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmɑdərˌeɪts wər ɪn paʊər, ə fækt ðət səm si ɛz ˈɛvədəns ðət ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈwɔntɪd ə dil æt ˈɛni kɔst. ˈkərbi sɛd ðət waɪl ɪt wɑz rɔŋ tɪ ˈɛdət ðə ˈvɪdioʊ, ðɛrz noʊ ˈbeɪsɪs fər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈɪʃu ˈfərðər. "ðɛr wər noʊ rulz ɪn pleɪs æt ðə taɪm tɪ ˈgəvərn ðɪs sɔrt əv ˈækʃən, soʊ waɪl aɪ bɪˈliv ɪt wɑz ən ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt stɛp tɪ teɪk, aɪ si ˈlɪtəl faʊnˈdeɪʃən fər ˈprɛsɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd wɪθ ə ˈfɔrməl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən," hi sɛd. ðə ˈoʊnli stɛp ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ ɪz tɪ pʊt rulz ɪn pleɪs tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈhɑrdər tɪ ˈɔltər ˈvɪdioʊz ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. "tɪ maɪ səˈpraɪz, ðə ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˈpəblɪk əˈfɛrz dɪd nɑt hæv ɪn pleɪs ˈɛni rulz ˈgəvərnɪŋ ðɪs taɪp əv ˈækʃən," ˈkərbi sɛd. "ˈðɛrˌfɔr, wi ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət stɛps tɪ kræft əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈproʊtəˌkɔlz ɔn ðɪs ˈɪʃu, ɛz wi bɪˈliv ðət dɪˈlɪbərətli riˈmuvɪŋ ə ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˈvɪdioʊ wɑz nɑt ənd ɪz nɑt ɪn ˈkipɪŋ wɪθ ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənts kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ trænˈspɛrənsi ənd ˈpəblɪk əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti."
|
jo ann gibson robinson (april 17, 1912 august 29, 1992) was an activist during the civil rights movement and educator in montgomery, alabama.
life [ edit ]
born jo ann] near culloden, georgia on april 17,] she was the youngest of twelve] her parents were owen boston and dollie webb gibson who had owned a] she attended fort valley state college and then became a public school teacher in macon, where she was married to wilbur robinson for a short time. five years later, she went to atlanta, where she earned an m.a. in english at atlanta university. after teaching in texas she then accepted a position at alabama state college in it was there she joined the women's political council, which mary fair burks had founded three years earlier. in part the was an organization dedicated to increasing voter registration in the african american] in 1949, robinson was verbally attacked by a bus driver for sitting in the front "whites only" section of the bus. her response to the incident was to attempt to start a protest boycott. however, when she approached her fellow members of the women's political council with her story and proposal, she was told that it was "a fact of life in montgomery." in late 1950, she succeeded burks as president of the and helped focus the group's efforts on bus abuses. robinson was an outspoken critic of the treatment of african-americans on public transportation. she was also active in the dexter avenue baptist church.
the women's political council had made complaints about the bus seating to the montgomery city commission and about abusive drivers, and achieved some concessions, including an undertaking that drivers would be courteous and having buses stopping at every corner in black neighborhoods, as they did in white
after brown vs. board of education (1954), robinson had informed the mayor of the city that a boycott would come, and then after rosa parks' arrest, they seized the moment to plan the montgomery bus]
on thursday, december 1, 1955, rosa parks was arrested for refusing to move from her seat in the black area of the bus she was traveling on to make way for a white passenger who was mrs. parks, a civil rights organizer, had intended to instigate a reaction from white citizens and authorities. that night, with mrs. parks' permission, mrs. robinson stayed up handbills calling for a boycott of the montgomery bus the boycott was initially planned to be for just the following monday. she passed out the leaflets at a friday afternoon meeting of ame zionist clergy, among other places, and reverend l. roy bennett requested other ministers attend a meeting that friday night and to urge their congregations to take part in the boycott. robinson, reverend ralph david abernathy, two of her senior students and other women's council members then passed out the handbills to high school students leaving school that
after the success of the boycott, black citizens decided to continue the boycott and established the montgomery improvement association to focus their efforts. the reverend martin luther king jr. was elected president. jo ann robinson never became a member of this group. she had declined an official position to the montgomery improvement association because of her teaching position at alabama] she served on its executive board and edited their newsletter. in order to protect her position at alabama state college and to protect her colleagues, robinson purposely stayed out of the limelight even though she worked diligently with the mia. robinson and other members also helped sustain the boycott by providing transportation for boycotters.
robinson was the target of several acts of intimidation. in february 1956, a local police officer threw a stone through the window of her house. then two weeks later, another police officer poured acid on her car. then, the governor of alabama ordered the state police to guard the houses of the boycott] the boycott lasted over a year because the bus company would not give in to the demands of the protesters. after a student in early 1960, robinson and other teachers who had supported the students resigned their positions at alabama state] robinson left alabama state college and moved out of montgomery that] she taught at grambling college in louisiana for one year then moved to los angeles and taught english in the public school system. in los angeles, she continued to be active in local women's organizations. she taught in the la schools until she retired from teaching in 1976. jo ann robinson was also a part of the bus boycott, and was strongly against discrimination.
robinson's memoir, the montgomery bus boycott and the women who started it, edited by david j. garrow, was published in 1987 by the university of tennessee press.
see also [ edit ]
references [ edit ]
abernathy ralph david (1989), and the walls came tumbling down, harper & row, publishers, new york page 138
bibliography [ edit ]
|
ʤoʊ æn ˈgɪbsən ˈrɑbənsən (ˈeɪprəl 17 1912 ˈɔgəst 29 1992 wɑz ən ˈæktɪvɪst ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈmuvmənt ənd ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtər ɪn mɑntˈgəmri, ˌæləˈbæmə. laɪf ˈɛdət bɔrn ʤoʊ æn nɪr culloden*, ˈʤɔrʤə ɔn ˈeɪprəl 17 ʃi wɑz ðə ˈjəŋgəst əv twɛlv hər ˈpɛrənts wər oʊən ˈbɔstən ənd ˈdɑli wɛb ˈgɪbsən hu hæd oʊnd ə ʃi əˈtɛndəd fɔrt ˈvæli steɪt ˈkɑlɪʤ ənd ðɛn bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈpəblɪk skul ˈtiʧər ɪn ˈmeɪkən, wɛr ʃi wɑz ˈmɛrid tɪ ˈwɪlbər ˈrɑbənsən fər ə ʃɔrt taɪm. faɪv jɪrz ˈleɪtər, ʃi wɛnt tɪ æˈtlæntə, wɛr ʃi ərnd ən m.a*. ɪn ˈɪŋlɪʃ æt æˈtlæntə ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ˈæftər ˈtiʧɪŋ ɪn ˈtɛksəs ʃi ðɛn ækˈsɛptɪd ə pəˈzɪʃən æt ˌæləˈbæmə steɪt ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn ɪt wɑz ðɛr ʃi ʤɔɪnd ðə ˈwɪmənz pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkaʊnsəl, wɪʧ ˈmɛri fɛr bərks hæd ˈfaʊndɪd θri jɪrz ˈərliər. ɪn pɑrt ðə wɑz ən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈvoʊtər ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈæfrɪkɑn əˈmɛrɪkən ɪn 1949 ˈrɑbənsən wɑz vərˈbæli əˈtækt baɪ ə bəs ˈdraɪvər fər ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə frənt "waɪts ˈoʊnli" ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə bəs. hər rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə ˈɪnsədənt wɑz tɪ əˈtɛmpt tɪ stɑrt ə ˈproʊˌtɛst ˈbɔɪˌkɑt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪn ʃi əˈproʊʧt hər ˈfɛloʊ ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈwɪmənz pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkaʊnsəl wɪθ hər ˈstɔri ənd prəˈpoʊzəl, ʃi wɑz toʊld ðət ɪt wɑz "ə fækt əv laɪf ɪn mɑntˈgəmri." ɪn leɪt 1950 ʃi səkˈsidɪd bərks ɛz ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ənd hɛlpt ˈfoʊkɪs ðə grups ˈɛfərts ɔn bəs əˈbjuzɪz. ˈrɑbənsən wɑz ən ˈaʊtˈspoʊkən ˈkrɪtɪk əv ðə ˈtritmənt əv ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkənz ɔn ˈpəblɪk ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən. ʃi wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈæktɪv ɪn ðə ˈdɛkstər ˈævəˌnu ˈbæptɪst ʧərʧ. ðə ˈwɪmənz pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkaʊnsəl hæd meɪd kəmˈpleɪnts əˈbaʊt ðə bəs ˈsitɪŋ tɪ ðə mɑntˈgəmri ˈsɪti kəˈmɪʃən ənd əˈbaʊt əˈbjusɪv ˈdraɪvərz, ənd əˈʧivd səm kənˈsɛʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ən ˈəndərˌteɪkɪŋ ðət ˈdraɪvərz wʊd bi ˈkərtiəs ənd ˈhævɪŋ ˈbəsɪz ˈstɑpɪŋ æt ˈɛvəri ˈkɔrnər ɪn blæk ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz, ɛz ðeɪ dɪd ɪn waɪt ˈæftər braʊn ˈvərsəz. bɔrd əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən 1954 ˈrɑbənsən hæd ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ðə meɪər əv ðə ˈsɪti ðət ə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt wʊd kəm, ənd ðɛn ˈæftər ˈroʊzə pɑrks' ərˈɛst, ðeɪ sizd ðə ˈmoʊmənt tɪ plæn ðə mɑntˈgəmri bəs ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, dɪˈsɛmbər 1 1955 ˈroʊzə pɑrks wɑz ərˈɛstɪd fər rɪfˈjuzɪŋ tɪ muv frəm hər sit ɪn ðə blæk ˈɛriə əv ðə bəs ʃi wɑz ˈtrævəlɪŋ ɔn tɪ meɪk weɪ fər ə waɪt ˈpæsənʤər hu wɑz ˈmɪsɪz. pɑrks, ə ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzər, hæd ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ ˈɪnstəˌgeɪt ə riˈækʃən frəm waɪt ˈsɪtɪzənz ənd əˈθɔrətiz. ðət naɪt, wɪθ ˈmɪsɪz. pɑrks' pərˈmɪʃən, ˈmɪsɪz. ˈrɑbənsən steɪd əp ˈhændˌbɪlz ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt əv ðə mɑntˈgəmri bəs ðə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt wɑz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli plænd tɪ bi fər ʤɪst ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈmənˌdeɪ. ʃi pæst aʊt ðə ˈlifləts æt ə ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun ˈmitɪŋ əv eɪm ˈzaɪənɪst ˈklərʤi, əˈməŋ ˈəðər ˈpleɪsɪz, ənd ˈrɛvərənd ɛl. rɔɪ ˈbɛnɪt rɪkˈwɛstɪd ˈəðər ˈmɪnɪstərz əˈtɛnd ə ˈmitɪŋ ðət ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt ənd tɪ ərʤ ðɛr ˌkɑŋgrəˈgeɪʃənz tɪ teɪk pɑrt ɪn ðə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt. ˈrɑbənsən, ˈrɛvərənd rælf ˈdeɪvɪd ˈæbərˌnæθi, tu əv hər ˈsinjər ˈstudənts ənd ˈəðər ˈwɪmənz ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmɛmbərz ðɛn pæst aʊt ðə ˈhændˌbɪlz tɪ haɪ skul ˈstudənts ˈlivɪŋ skul ðət ˈæftər ðə səkˈsɛs əv ðə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt, blæk ˈsɪtɪzənz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ kənˈtɪnju ðə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt ənd ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðə mɑntˈgəmri ˌɪmˈpruvmənt əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ðɛr ˈɛfərts. ðə ˈrɛvərənd ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ jr*. wɑz ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈprɛzɪdənt. ʤoʊ æn ˈrɑbənsən ˈnɛvər bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðɪs grup. ʃi hæd dɪˈklaɪnd ən əˈfɪʃəl pəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə mɑntˈgəmri ˌɪmˈpruvmənt əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən bɪˈkəz əv hər ˈtiʧɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən æt ˌæləˈbæmə ʃi sərvd ɔn ɪts ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv bɔrd ənd ˈɛdɪtɪd ðɛr ˈnuzˌlɛtər. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ prəˈtɛkt hər pəˈzɪʃən æt ˌæləˈbæmə steɪt ˈkɑlɪʤ ənd tɪ prəˈtɛkt hər ˈkɑligz, ˈrɑbənsən ˈpərpəsli steɪd aʊt əv ðə ˈlaɪmˌlaɪt ˈivɪn ðoʊ ʃi wərkt ˈdɪləʤəntli wɪθ ðə ˈmiə. ˈrɑbənsən ənd ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlpt səˈsteɪn ðə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt baɪ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən fər boycotters*. ˈrɑbənsən wɑz ðə ˈtərgət əv ˈsɛvərəl ækts əv ˌɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃən. ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1956 ə ˈloʊkəl pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər θru ə stoʊn θru ðə ˈwɪndoʊ əv hər haʊs. ðɛn tu wiks ˈleɪtər, əˈnəðər pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər pɔrd ˈæsəd ɔn hər kɑr. ðɛn, ðə ˈgəvərnər əv ˌæləˈbæmə ˈɔrdərd ðə steɪt pəˈlis tɪ gɑrd ðə ˈhaʊsɪz əv ðə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt ðə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt ˈlæstɪd ˈoʊvər ə jɪr bɪˈkəz ðə bəs ˈkəmpəˌni wʊd nɑt gɪv ɪn tɪ ðə dɪˈmændz əv ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstərz. ˈæftər ə ˈstudənt ɪn ˈərli 1960 ˈrɑbənsən ənd ˈəðər ˈtiʧərz hu hæd səˈpɔrtɪd ðə ˈstudənts rɪˈzaɪnd ðɛr pəˈzɪʃənz æt ˌæləˈbæmə steɪt ˈrɑbənsən lɛft ˌæləˈbæmə steɪt ˈkɑlɪʤ ənd muvd aʊt əv mɑntˈgəmri ðət ʃi tɔt æt ˈgræmbəlɪŋ ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn luˌiziˈænə fər wən jɪr ðɛn muvd tɪ lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ənd tɔt ˈɪŋlɪʃ ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk skul ˈsɪstəm. ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs, ʃi kənˈtɪnjud tɪ bi ˈæktɪv ɪn ˈloʊkəl ˈwɪmənz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz. ʃi tɔt ɪn ðə lɑ skulz ənˈtɪl ʃi rɪˈtaɪrd frəm ˈtiʧɪŋ ɪn 1976 ʤoʊ æn ˈrɑbənsən wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə pɑrt əv ðə bəs ˈbɔɪˌkɑt, ənd wɑz ˈstrɔŋli əˈgɛnst dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən. ˈrɑbənsənz ˈmɛmˌwɑr, ðə mɑntˈgəmri bəs ˈbɔɪˌkɑt ənd ðə ˈwɪmən hu ˈstɑrtɪd ɪt, ˈɛdɪtɪd baɪ ˈdeɪvɪd ʤeɪ. ˈgɛroʊ, wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 1987 baɪ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌtɛnəˈsi prɛs. si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət ˈæbərˌnæθi rælf ˈdeɪvɪd 1989 ənd ðə wɔlz keɪm ˈtəmbəlɪŋ daʊn, ˈhɑrpər roʊ, ˈpəblɪʃərz, nu jɔrk peɪʤ 138 ˌbɪbliˈɑgrəfi ˈɛdət
|
godaddy is in big trouble and they know it. gaming issued a statement recently and said that they are dropping over 100 domains from and switching to.
now, 100 domains may not be much, since over 45 million domains are under, but nice to see people stand up for their rights against the bill, which threatens to affect many people who make a livelihood from the internet.
this is what they said:
mlg would like to officially announce that we have removed our entire network, which encompasses over 100 domains, from.com in response to their support of. moving forward, we will be using for all of our hosting needs.
mlg is firmly against both the specifics of and the philosophy behind the bill. we urge all of you to read up on the issue and draw your own conclusions.
if more people stand up and spread the word, the impact will be big enough for and others to feel the heat. they recently said that they supporting the anymore, but too late for backtracking it seems.
what can do now? tell us in the comments section below.
|
godaddy* ɪz ɪn bɪg ˈtrəbəl ənd ðeɪ noʊ ɪt. ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈɪʃud ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈrisəntli ənd sɛd ðət ðeɪ ər ˈdrɑpɪŋ ˈoʊvər 100 doʊˈmeɪnz frəm ənd sˈwɪʧɪŋ tɪ. naʊ, 100 doʊˈmeɪnz meɪ nɑt bi məʧ, sɪns ˈoʊvər 45 ˈmɪljən doʊˈmeɪnz ər ˈəndər, bət nis tɪ si ˈpipəl stænd əp fər ðɛr raɪts əˈgɛnst ðə bɪl, wɪʧ θˈrɛtənz tɪ əˈfɛkt ˈmɛni ˈpipəl hu meɪk ə ˈlaɪvliˌhʊd frəm ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. ðɪs ɪz wət ðeɪ sɛd: wʊd laɪk tɪ əˈfɪʃəli əˈnaʊns ðət wi hæv riˈmuvd ɑr ɪnˈtaɪər ˈnɛtˌwərk, wɪʧ ɛnˈkəmpəsəz ˈoʊvər 100 doʊˈmeɪnz, frəm ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðɛr səˈpɔrt əv. ˈmuvɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd, wi wɪl bi ˈjuzɪŋ fər ɔl əv ɑr ˈhoʊstɪŋ nidz. ɪz ˈfərmli əˈgɛnst boʊθ ðə spɪˈsɪfɪks əv ənd ðə fəˈlɑsəfi bɪˈhaɪnd ðə bɪl. wi ərʤ ɔl əv ju tɪ rɛd əp ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu ənd drɔ jʊr oʊn kənˈkluʒənz. ɪf mɔr ˈpipəl stænd əp ənd sprɛd ðə wərd, ðə ˌɪmˈpækt wɪl bi bɪg ɪˈnəf fər ənd ˈəðərz tɪ fil ðə hit. ðeɪ ˈrisəntli sɛd ðət ðeɪ səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ˌɛniˈmɔr, bət tu leɪt fər ˈbækˌtrækɪŋ ɪt simz. wət kən du naʊ? tɛl ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts ˈsɛkʃən bɪˈloʊ.
|
fiona miller, above, from middlesbrough, suffered a harassment campaign from pc kelly jarvis who made false statements to the about son tommy
fiona miller and her family had just finished a roast chicken dinner when there was a knock at the door. there on the step stood a policeman, his face grave.
this was never going to be good news, anyone could see that. but no one, least of all mum fiona, could have predicted what came next.
'the officer politely informed me that he was there on a welfare visit, to check on my son,' she says.
'there had been some serious allegations of neglect, bordering on abuse.'
anyone glancing across the kitchen where partner, steven, was stacking the dishwasher while their happy, healthy little boy, tommy, played nearby that evening in january this year would have seen nothing untoward about the family, who live in a neat, home in, cleveland.
yet fiona was terrified so terrified, it was all she could do to stop herself grabbing tommy and running.
someone was out to get her, and for the first time she feared this someone might actually have the power to see the job through.
for accuser and tormentor was a serving policewoman pc kelly jarvis, a former mounted officer and riding companion of, a woman so twisted with hatred and jealousy that she would stop at nothing to see her former friend's reputation destroyed.
'i really started to panic at that point. all sorts of horrible thoughts started going through my mind. would i be believed over a police officer? are they all in on this together? and most terrifying of all, was i going to lose my little boy?
'if these allegations had come from a member of the public, i wouldn't have been too concerned but as they were from a police officer, i knew they would be taken seriously.
kelly jarvis and her husband lee. jarvis was found to have abused her powers as a police officer while with cleveland police, after an internal investigation
'she had power. it came with her job. in the end her lies would be found out, but how long could that take?
'tommy might be in care for months while they investigated. the prospect of not seeing my little boy again made me more afraid than i've ever been of anything in my life.'
fiona and steven managed to keep their cool and eventually, satisfied that tommy was in no immediate danger, the officer left.
in the morning, after a sleepless night, fiona dropped tommy off at nursery en route to her part-time job as a veterinary receptionist. alone in the car, she broke down for the first time.
'i sat and sobbed, for air and shaking. i knew there was a real risk of losing tommy. i couldn't let that happen.'
without another thought, she phoned cleveland police station to lodge a formal complaint against pc jarvis.
this week, jarvis quit in disgrace, but shockingly won't face further action after an investigation by her own force unearthed a level of abuse of police powers quite orwellian in its magnitude, and with disturbing implications for how britain is policed today. for the pc, it emerged, was able to use her work computer to enter an 'intelligence log' on the police national computer against the woman she hated so much, fabricating a totally plausible and unquestioned record in her name.
fiona with her son tommy. the first time the family was aware of the complaints was when tommy was and an officer arrived at their door claiming he was on a welfare visit because allegations of neglect were made
nothing, it appeared, was too low for her. not only had she made false reports to the, accusing fiona of everything from domestic violence to leaving her son alone in the car while she went to the pub with friends all of which was investigated and dismissed by social services but she had also recorded 'evidence' of fiona having had a sexual relationship with a boy when she was 25, a wholly malicious lie.
fiona was only made aware of this when the disciplinary report into the pc was revealed this week.
nevertheless, fiona was still shocked at the level of spite: 'i was sickened, but it was all part of her vindictive campaign against me. she had told so many lies, yet still i was more worried about tommy being put into care than anything else.'
but what could have sparked such animosity? it seems to have been nothing more than old-fashioned class jealousy.
the two women had first met in 2013 at grange stables, which are owned by the family of partner, landscape gardener steven carter, 34, and were where kelly jarvis her own horse.
the stables, in the picturesque grounds of a national trust georgian manor house, hall, are surrounded by hundreds of acres, all owned by the carter family.
perhaps it was this that piqued kelly's envy. after all, it was a world away from the terrace house that she and her police officer husband lee, 41, share in middlesbrough. she knew their modest salaries would never be able to provide such grandeur, which as she saw it would one day land in lap.
'it was all about jealousy,' fiona says. 'she would ask me lots of questions about my life and relationship. she would say: 'in a few years, when steven's parents retire, you'll be living here in the big farmhouse.' i found her quite vulgar and intrusive, and tried not to engage with her.'
soon afterwards, fiona and some of her friends started to receive abusive messages on social media. she also received unpleasant text messages from unknown numbers, including a particularly disturbing one saying that steven was cheating on her and had got another woman pregnant.
'i never believed it for a second, but of course it was really upsetting. yet these messages came not long after kelly started using the stables and they mirrored the way she spoke, her phrases and crudeness. i began to suspect that she was behind them, but i was determined not to let it bother me. i thought it was pathetic and sad, and just ignored her.'
fiona, here with her son tommy, originally met jarvis through horse riding, but thinks jealously over the future owner of the stables is what sparked the campaign of messages
the messages continued sporadically then, in 2015, the campaign took a sinister turn. 'a social worker turned up saying she'd received a complaint about tommy's welfare. they had been told i was leaving him in the car on his own while i went shopping or to the pub, or that he was left wandering around the farm unsupervised.
'it was absolutely unfounded. i was asked really probing and personal questions, everything from the state of my relationship with steven to whether tommy was potty trained.
'it was really embarrassing, too, as they made inquiries at tommy's nursery. i felt people would think i was a bad mother.
'it was very upsetting, but once they were satisfied there was no truth in it, i thought that was that. back then, it didn't cross my mind that kelly was behind these accusations, that she would stoop so low.'
by april 2015, as the abusive phone messages continued, fiona decided she'd had enough and told kelly to move her horse from the stables. she did so quietly, and fiona assumed that was the end of the matter. it wasn't not by a long way.
in january this year, steven's parents cancelled a contract with kelly's father, ian armstrong, to fit a new kitchen for them. they had employed the joiner without his relationship to kelly until fiona explained who he was and why it wasn't a good idea.
the next evening was the one when a police officer arrived at her door and fiona finally put two and two together, then made a complaint against the pc.
so serious were the allegations, the case was sent to newcastle crown prosecution service. meanwhile, an internal investigation produced a damning report into kelly jarvis.
it found she had exploited her training and knowledge of working in a unit which deals with malicious communication to harass fiona by creating three false facebook profiles to send her abusive and upsetting messages.
in addition, the report upheld the allegations that she had accessed police systems inappropriately and made false referrals to the.
the nasty falsehoods went on and on, painting a picture of a filthy house full of barking dogs and of tommy being left for hours to cry himself to sleep while fiona and steven screamed and shouted at each other all night all of which were recorded as 'facts' on police file.
in there, too, was the statement about fiona having sex with a boy a boy who is now a man. he is now in a relationship with one of her friends. when he heard of the lies being told in his name, he submitted a statement to police to deny that he and fiona had ever had a sexual relationship.
pulling no punches, the police report said: 'as a police officer, pc jarvis should have been honest and diligent in the exercise of her duties and responsibilities and provided the correct details on the referral forms… she has acted in a manner which discredits the police force.'
so why did fiona learn to her horror this week that kelly had been allowed to simply resign and will not face further action for her reign of spiteful terror?
cleveland police say there are 'exceptional circumstances' for why she has been allowed to slip quietly away before a disciplinary hearing, so safeguarding her pension rights.
fiona is understandably furious and claims she was told by police that the reason for this was cost, as it is cheaper for her just to step down than to carry on paying her while an investigation drags on.
new legislation was brought in last year to prevent police officers resigning or retiring while facing gross misconduct proceedings except in certain circumstances, which include ill health and a covert investigation.
as to why kelly jarvis has been allowed to resign, a cleveland police spokesman said: 'in some cases officers are allowed to resign prior to a misconduct hearing where there are exceptional circumstances.' however, they would not elaborate on what these circumstances were.
yet unthinkable as it is for a police officer to behave in this way, and as awful as the ordeal has been for fiona, the case raises another issue it exposes a serious flaw in the british policing system.
to judge from what occurred, there seem to be no safeguards to prevent any police officer with a grudge from doing as kelly did: fabricating a criminal record for anyone they may happen to dislike.
david green, who runs the think-tank, says it is very surprising that false logs can be entered on someone's record without the need for any collaboration. he also believes kelly jarvis should not be allowed to just go quietly.
jarvis quit her job in disgrace but will not face further action because of 'exceptional circumstances' according to her former employer
'it's obviously quite wrong, but i'm very surprised this could have happened. you shouldn't be able to just invent a criminal record or incidents that will be on a police file.'
civil liberties campaigner dr sean gabb, of the libertarian alliance, described the case as 'outrageous', adding: 'the issue is that a police officer thought there was nothing wrong whatsoever in using her position to mess up someone else's life. it is blatant moral corruption and cannot be tolerated.'
interviewed under caution, kelly, who did not wish to comment for this story, admitted the allegations put to her and used words such as 'pathetic', 'stupid' and 'remorseful' to describe how she feels.
however, these feelings appear to have been short-lived, as this week she posted a facebook rant standing by what she did and seeming to blame everyone, from the media to the police, for what happened.
she wrote: 'i feel very let down by my current employer however this is something i will address one day in the future.' she has also dyed her hair brown and is starting out in a new career as a horse reflexologist.
for now, fiona is worried that after leaving the police, kelly may feel she no longer has anything to lose and could decide to take matters into her own hands.
|
fiˈoʊnə ˈmɪlər, əˈbəv, frəm middlesbrough*, ˈsəfərd ə hərˈæsmənt kæmˈpeɪn frəm ˈpiˈsi ˈkɛli ˈʤɑrvɪs hu meɪd fɔls ˈsteɪtmənts tɪ ðə əˈbaʊt sən ˈtɑmi fiˈoʊnə ˈmɪlər ənd hər ˈfæməli hæd ʤɪst ˈfɪnɪʃt ə roʊst ˈʧɪkən ˈdɪnər wɪn ðɛr wɑz ə nɑk æt ðə dɔr. ðɛr ɔn ðə stɛp stʊd ə pəˈlismən, hɪz feɪs greɪv. ðɪs wɑz ˈnɛvər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi gʊd nuz, ˈɛniˌwən kʊd si ðət. bət noʊ wən, list əv ɔl məm fiˈoʊnə, kʊd hæv prɪˈdɪktɪd wət keɪm nɛkst. 'ðə ˈɔfɪsər pəˈlaɪtli ˌɪnˈfɔrmd mi ðət hi wɑz ðɛr ɔn ə ˈwɛlˌfɛr ˈvɪzɪt, tɪ ʧɛk ɔn maɪ sən,' ʃi sɪz. 'ðɛr hæd bɪn səm ˈsɪriəs ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv nɪˈglɛkt, ˈbɔrdərɪŋ ɔn əˈbjuz.' ˈɛniˌwən ˈglænsɪŋ əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkɪʧən wɛr ˈpɑrtnər, ˈstivən, wɑz ˈstækɪŋ ðə ˈdɪʃˌwɑʃər waɪl ðɛr ˈhæpi, ˈhɛlθi ˈlɪtəl bɔɪ, ˈtɑmi, pleɪd ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ðət ˈivnɪŋ ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri ðɪs jɪr wʊd hæv sin ˈnəθɪŋ əntəˈwɔrd əˈbaʊt ðə ˈfæməli, hu lɪv ɪn ə nit, hoʊm ɪn, ˈklivlənd. jɛt fiˈoʊnə wɑz ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd soʊ ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd, ɪt wɑz ɔl ʃi kʊd du tɪ stɑp hərˈsɛlf ˈgræbɪŋ ˈtɑmi ənd ˈrənɪŋ. ˈsəmˌwən wɑz aʊt tɪ gɪt hər, ənd fər ðə fərst taɪm ʃi fɪrd ðɪs ˈsəmˌwən maɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli hæv ðə paʊər tɪ si ðə ʤɑb θru. fər əˈkjuzər ənd ˈtɔrˌmɛntər wɑz ə ˈsərvɪŋ pəˈlisˌwʊmən ˈpiˈsi ˈkɛli ˈʤɑrvɪs, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈmaʊnɪd ˈɔfɪsər ənd ˈraɪdɪŋ kəmˈpænjən əv, ə ˈwʊmən soʊ tˈwɪstɪd wɪθ ˈheɪtrəd ənd ˈʤɛləsi ðət ʃi wʊd stɑp æt ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ si hər ˈfɔrmər frɛndz ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən dɪˈstrɔɪd. 'aɪ ˈrɪli ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ ˈpænɪk æt ðət pɔɪnt. ɔl sɔrts əv ˈhɔrəbəl θɔts ˈstɑrtɪd goʊɪŋ θru maɪ maɪnd. wʊd aɪ bi bɪˈlivd ˈoʊvər ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər? ər ðeɪ ɔl ɪn ɔn ðɪs təˈgɛðər? ənd moʊst ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ əv ɔl, wɑz aɪ goʊɪŋ tɪ luz maɪ ˈlɪtəl bɔɪ? 'ɪf ðiz ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz hæd kəm frəm ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈpəblɪk, aɪ ˈwʊdənt hæv bɪn tu kənˈsərnd bət ɛz ðeɪ wər frəm ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər, aɪ nu ðeɪ wʊd bi ˈteɪkən ˈsɪriəsli. ˈkɛli ˈʤɑrvɪs ənd hər ˈhəzbənd li. ˈʤɑrvɪs wɑz faʊnd tɪ hæv əˈbjuzd hər paʊərz ɛz ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər waɪl wɪθ ˈklivlənd pəˈlis, ˈæftər ən ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən 'ʃi hæd paʊər. ɪt keɪm wɪθ hər ʤɑb. ɪn ðə ɛnd hər laɪz wʊd bi faʊnd aʊt, bət haʊ lɔŋ kʊd ðət teɪk? 'ˈtɑmi maɪt bi ɪn kɛr fər mənθs waɪl ðeɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd. ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv nɑt siɪŋ maɪ ˈlɪtəl bɔɪ əˈgɛn meɪd mi mɔr əˈfreɪd ðən aɪv ˈɛvər bɪn əv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪn maɪ laɪf.' fiˈoʊnə ənd ˈstivən ˈmænɪʤd tɪ kip ðɛr kul ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli, ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd ðət ˈtɑmi wɑz ɪn noʊ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈdeɪnʤər, ðə ˈɔfɪsər lɛft. ɪn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ˈæftər ə sˈlipləs naɪt, fiˈoʊnə drɑpt ˈtɑmi ɔf æt ˈnərsəri ɛn rut tɪ hər ˈpɑrtˈtaɪm ʤɑb ɛz ə ˈvɛtrəˌnɛri rɪˈsɛpʃənɪst. əˈloʊn ɪn ðə kɑr, ʃi broʊk daʊn fər ðə fərst taɪm. 'aɪ sæt ənd sɑbd, fər ɛr ənd ˈʃeɪkɪŋ. aɪ nu ðɛr wɑz ə ril rɪsk əv ˈluzɪŋ ˈtɑmi. aɪ ˈkʊdənt lɛt ðət ˈhæpən.' wɪˈθaʊt əˈnəðər θɔt, ʃi foʊnd ˈklivlənd pəˈlis ˈsteɪʃən tɪ lɑʤ ə ˈfɔrməl kəmˈpleɪnt əˈgɛnst ˈpiˈsi ˈʤɑrvɪs. ðɪs wik, ˈʤɑrvɪs kwɪt ɪn dɪsˈgreɪs, bət ˈʃɑkɪŋli woʊnt feɪs ˈfərðər ˈækʃən ˈæftər ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ hər oʊn fɔrs əˈnərθt ə ˈlɛvəl əv əˈbjuz əv pəˈlis paʊərz kwaɪt ˌɔrˈwɛliən ɪn ɪts ˈmægnəˌtud, ənd wɪθ dɪˈstərbɪŋ ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər haʊ ˈbrɪtən ɪz pəˈlist təˈdeɪ. fər ðə ˈpiˈsi, ɪt ˈimərʤd, wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ juz hər wərk kəmˈpjutər tɪ ˈɛnər ən 'ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns lɔg' ɔn ðə pəˈlis ˈnæʃənəl kəmˈpjutər əˈgɛnst ðə ˈwʊmən ʃi ˈheɪtɪd soʊ məʧ, ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪtɪŋ ə ˈtoʊtəli ˈplɔzəbəl ənd ənkˈwɛsʧənd ˈrɛkərd ɪn hər neɪm. fiˈoʊnə wɪθ hər sən ˈtɑmi. ðə fərst taɪm ðə ˈfæməli wɑz əˈwɛr əv ðə kəmˈpleɪnts wɑz wɪn ˈtɑmi wɑz ənd ən ˈɔfɪsər əraɪvd æt ðɛr dɔr ˈkleɪmɪŋ hi wɑz ɔn ə ˈwɛlˌfɛr ˈvɪzɪt bɪˈkəz ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv nɪˈglɛkt wər meɪd ˈnəθɪŋ, ɪt əˈpɪrd, wɑz tu loʊ fər hər. nɑt ˈoʊnli hæd ʃi meɪd fɔls rɪˈpɔrts tɪ ðə, əˈkjuzɪŋ fiˈoʊnə əv ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm dəˈmɛstɪk ˈvaɪələns tɪ ˈlivɪŋ hər sən əˈloʊn ɪn ðə kɑr waɪl ʃi wɛnt tɪ ðə pəb wɪθ frɛndz ɔl əv wɪʧ wɑz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ənd dɪsˈmɪst baɪ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz bət ʃi hæd ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈkɔrdɪd 'ˈɛvədəns' əv fiˈoʊnə ˈhævɪŋ hæd ə ˈsɛkʃuəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ə bɔɪ wɪn ʃi wɑz 25 ə ˈhoʊli məˈlɪʃəs laɪ. fiˈoʊnə wɑz ˈoʊnli meɪd əˈwɛr əv ðɪs wɪn ðə ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri rɪˈpɔrt ˈɪntu ðə ˈpiˈsi wɑz rɪˈvild ðɪs wik. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, fiˈoʊnə wɑz stɪl ʃɑkt æt ðə ˈlɛvəl əv spaɪt: 'aɪ wɑz ˈsɪkənd, bət ɪt wɑz ɔl pɑrt əv hər vɪnˈdɪktɪv kæmˈpeɪn əˈgɛnst mi. ʃi hæd toʊld soʊ ˈmɛni laɪz, jɛt stɪl aɪ wɑz mɔr ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ˈtɑmi biɪŋ pʊt ˈɪntu kɛr ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls.' bət wət kʊd hæv spɑrkt səʧ ˌænəˈmɑsəti? ɪt simz tɪ hæv bɪn ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ðən ˌoʊldˈfæʃənd klæs ˈʤɛləsi. ðə tu ˈwɪmən hæd fərst mɛt ɪn 2013 æt greɪnʤ ˈsteɪbəlz, wɪʧ ər oʊnd baɪ ðə ˈfæməli əv ˈpɑrtnər, ˈlænˌskeɪp ˈgɑrdənər ˈstivən ˈkɑrtər, 34 ənd wər wɛr ˈkɛli ˈʤɑrvɪs hər oʊn hɔrs. ðə ˈsteɪbəlz, ɪn ðə ˈpɪkʧərəsk graʊnz əv ə ˈnæʃənəl trəst ˈʤɔrʤən ˈmænər haʊs, hɔl, ər sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˈhənərdz əv ˈeɪkərz, ɔl oʊnd baɪ ðə ˈkɑrtər ˈfæməli. pərˈhæps ɪt wɑz ðɪs ðət pikt ˈkɛliz ˈɛnvi. ˈæftər ɔl, ɪt wɑz ə wərld əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈtɛrəs haʊs ðət ʃi ənd hər pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər ˈhəzbənd li, 41 ʃɛr ɪn middlesbrough*. ʃi nu ðɛr ˈmɑdəst ˈsæləriz wʊd ˈnɛvər bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ prəˈvaɪd səʧ grænˈdur, wɪʧ ɛz ʃi sɔ ɪt wʊd wən deɪ lænd ɪn læp. 'ɪt wɑz ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈʤɛləsi,' fiˈoʊnə sɪz. 'ʃi wʊd æsk mi lɑts əv kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt maɪ laɪf ənd riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp. ʃi wʊd seɪ: 'ɪn ə fju jɪrz, wɪn ˈstivənz ˈpɛrənts ˌriˈtaɪər, jul bi ˈlɪvɪŋ hir ɪn ðə bɪg ˈfɑrmˌhaʊs.' aɪ faʊnd hər kwaɪt ˈvəlgər ənd ˌɪnˈtrusɪv, ənd traɪd nɑt tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ wɪθ hər.' sun ˈæftərwərdz, fiˈoʊnə ənd səm əv hər frɛndz ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ rɪˈsiv əˈbjusɪv ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈsivd ənˈplɛzənt tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz frəm ənˈnoʊn ˈnəmbərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli dɪˈstərbɪŋ wən seɪɪŋ ðət ˈstivən wɑz ˈʧitɪŋ ɔn hər ənd hæd gɑt əˈnəðər ˈwʊmən ˈprɛgnənt. 'aɪ ˈnɛvər bɪˈlivd ɪt fər ə ˈsɛkənd, bət əv kɔrs ɪt wɑz ˈrɪli əpˈsɛtɪŋ. jɛt ðiz ˈmɛsɪʤɪz keɪm nɑt lɔŋ ˈæftər ˈkɛli ˈstɑrtɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈsteɪbəlz ənd ðeɪ ˈmɪrərd ðə weɪ ʃi spoʊk, hər ˈfreɪzɪz ənd crudeness*. aɪ bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈsəˌspɛkt ðət ʃi wɑz bɪˈhaɪnd ðɛm, bət aɪ wɑz dɪˈtərmənd nɑt tɪ lɛt ɪt ˈbɑðər mi. aɪ θɔt ɪt wɑz pəˈθɛtɪk ənd sæd, ənd ʤɪst ˌɪgˈnɔrd hər.' fiˈoʊnə, hir wɪθ hər sən ˈtɑmi, ərˈɪʤənəli mɛt ˈʤɑrvɪs θru hɔrs ˈraɪdɪŋ, bət θɪŋks ˈʤɛləsli ˈoʊvər ðə fˈjuʧər ˈoʊnər əv ðə ˈsteɪbəlz ɪz wət spɑrkt ðə kæmˈpeɪn əv ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ðə ˈmɛsɪʤɪz kənˈtɪnjud spərˈædɪkli ðɛn, ɪn 2015 ðə kæmˈpeɪn tʊk ə ˈsɪnɪstər tərn. 'ə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈwərkər tərnd əp seɪɪŋ ʃid rɪˈsivd ə kəmˈpleɪnt əˈbaʊt ˈtɑmiz ˈwɛlˌfɛr. ðeɪ hæd bɪn toʊld aɪ wɑz ˈlivɪŋ ɪm ɪn ðə kɑr ɔn hɪz oʊn waɪl aɪ wɛnt ˈʃɑpɪŋ ər tɪ ðə pəb, ər ðət hi wɑz lɛft ˈwɑndərɪŋ əraʊnd ðə fɑrm ənˈsupərˌvaɪzd. 'ɪt wɑz ˌæbsəˈlutli ənˈfaʊndɪd. aɪ wɑz æst ˈrɪli ˈproʊbɪŋ ənd ˈpərsɪnəl kˈwɛsʧənz, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm ðə steɪt əv maɪ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈstivən tɪ ˈwɛðər ˈtɑmi wɑz ˈpɑti treɪnd. 'ɪt wɑz ˈrɪli ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ, tu, ɛz ðeɪ meɪd ˌɪnkˈwaɪəriz æt ˈtɑmiz ˈnərsəri. aɪ fɛlt ˈpipəl wʊd θɪŋk aɪ wɑz ə bæd ˈməðər. 'ɪt wɑz ˈvɛri əpˈsɛtɪŋ, bət wəns ðeɪ wər ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd ðɛr wɑz noʊ truθ ɪn ɪt, aɪ θɔt ðət wɑz ðət. bæk ðɛn, ɪt ˈdɪdənt krɔs maɪ maɪnd ðət ˈkɛli wɑz bɪˈhaɪnd ðiz ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz, ðət ʃi wʊd stup soʊ loʊ.' baɪ ˈeɪprəl 2015 ɛz ðə əˈbjusɪv foʊn ˈmɛsɪʤɪz kənˈtɪnjud, fiˈoʊnə ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ʃid hæd ɪˈnəf ənd toʊld ˈkɛli tɪ muv hər hɔrs frəm ðə ˈsteɪbəlz. ʃi dɪd soʊ kˈwaɪətli, ənd fiˈoʊnə əˈsumd ðət wɑz ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈmætər. ɪt ˈwəzənt nɑt baɪ ə lɔŋ weɪ. ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri ðɪs jɪr, ˈstivənz ˈpɛrənts ˈkænsəld ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ ˈkɛliz ˈfɑðər, ˈiən ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ, tɪ fɪt ə nu ˈkɪʧən fər ðɛm. ðeɪ hæd ɪmˈplɔɪd ðə ˈʤɔɪnər wɪˈθaʊt hɪz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ ˈkɛli ənˈtɪl fiˈoʊnə ɪkˈspleɪnd hu hi wɑz ənd waɪ ɪt ˈwəzənt ə gʊd aɪˈdiə. ðə nɛkst ˈivnɪŋ wɑz ðə wən wɪn ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər əraɪvd æt hər dɔr ənd fiˈoʊnə ˈfaɪnəli pʊt tu ənd tu təˈgɛðər, ðɛn meɪd ə kəmˈpleɪnt əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpiˈsi. soʊ ˈsɪriəs wər ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz, ðə keɪs wɑz sɛnt tɪ ˈnuˌkæsəl kraʊn ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən ˈsərvɪs. ˈminˌwaɪl, ən ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən prəˈdust ə ˈdæmɪŋ rɪˈpɔrt ˈɪntu ˈkɛli ˈʤɑrvɪs. ɪt faʊnd ʃi hæd ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtəd hər ˈtreɪnɪŋ ənd ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ə ˈjunɪt wɪʧ dilz wɪθ məˈlɪʃəs kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən tɪ həræs fiˈoʊnə baɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ θri fɔls ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈproʊˌfaɪlz tɪ sɛnd hər əˈbjusɪv ənd əpˈsɛtɪŋ ˈmɛsɪʤɪz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðə rɪˈpɔrt əˈphɛld ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ðət ʃi hæd ˈækˌsɛst pəˈlis ˈsɪstəmz ˌɪnəˈprɑpriətli ənd meɪd fɔls rɪˈfərəlz tɪ ðə. ðə ˈnæsti ˈfælsˌhʊdz wɛnt ɔn ənd ɔn, ˈpeɪnɪŋ ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ə ˈfɪlθi haʊs fʊl əv ˈbɑrkɪŋ dɔgz ənd əv ˈtɑmi biɪŋ lɛft fər aʊərz tɪ kraɪ hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ slip waɪl fiˈoʊnə ənd ˈstivən skrimd ənd ˈʃaʊtɪd æt iʧ ˈəðər ɔl naɪt ɔl əv wɪʧ wər rɪˈkɔrdɪd ɛz 'fækts' ɔn pəˈlis faɪl. ɪn ðɛr, tu, wɑz ðə ˈsteɪtmənt əˈbaʊt fiˈoʊnə ˈhævɪŋ sɛks wɪθ ə bɔɪ ə bɔɪ hu ɪz naʊ ə mæn. hi ɪz naʊ ɪn ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ wən əv hər frɛndz. wɪn hi hərd əv ðə laɪz biɪŋ toʊld ɪn hɪz neɪm, hi səbˈmɪtəd ə ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ pəˈlis tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ðət hi ənd fiˈoʊnə hæd ˈɛvər hæd ə ˈsɛkʃuəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp. ˈpʊlɪŋ noʊ ˈpənʧɪz, ðə pəˈlis rɪˈpɔrt sɛd: 'ɛz ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər, ˈpiˈsi ˈʤɑrvɪs ʃʊd hæv bɪn ˈɑnəst ənd ˈdɪlɪʤənt ɪn ðə ˈɛksərˌsaɪz əv hər ˈdutiz ənd riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz ənd prəˈvaɪdɪd ðə kərˈɛkt ˈditeɪlz ɔn ðə rɪˈfərəl forms…*… ʃi həz ˈæktɪd ɪn ə ˈmænər wɪʧ dɪˈskrɛdəts ðə pəˈlis fɔrs.' soʊ waɪ dɪd fiˈoʊnə lərn tɪ hər ˈhɔrər ðɪs wik ðət ˈkɛli hæd bɪn əˈlaʊd tɪ ˈsɪmpli rɪˈzaɪn ənd wɪl nɑt feɪs ˈfərðər ˈækʃən fər hər reɪn əv ˈspaɪtfəl ˈtɛrər? ˈklivlənd pəˈlis seɪ ðɛr ər 'ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz' fər waɪ ʃi həz bɪn əˈlaʊd tɪ slɪp kˈwaɪətli əˈweɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ə ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈhirɪŋ, soʊ ˈseɪfˌgɑrdɪŋ hər ˈpɛnʃən raɪts. fiˈoʊnə ɪz ˌəndərˈstændəbli fˈjʊriəs ənd kleɪmz ʃi wɑz toʊld baɪ pəˈlis ðət ðə ˈrizən fər ðɪs wɑz kɔst, ɛz ɪt ɪz ˈʧipər fər hər ʤɪst tɪ stɛp daʊn ðən tɪ ˈkɛri ɔn peɪɪŋ hər waɪl ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən drægz ɔn. nu ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən wɑz brɔt ɪn læst jɪr tɪ prɪˈvɛnt pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz rɪˈzaɪnɪŋ ər rɪˈtaɪrɪŋ waɪl ˈfeɪsɪŋ groʊs mɪˈskɑndəkt prəˈsidɪŋz ɪkˈsɛpt ɪn ˈsərtən ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈklud ɪl hɛlθ ənd ə ˈkoʊvərt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ɛz tɪ waɪ ˈkɛli ˈʤɑrvɪs həz bɪn əˈlaʊd tɪ rɪˈzaɪn, ə ˈklivlənd pəˈlis ˈspoʊksmən sɛd: 'ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz ˈɔfɪsərz ər əˈlaʊd tɪ rɪˈzaɪn praɪər tɪ ə mɪˈskɑndəkt ˈhirɪŋ wɛr ðɛr ər ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz.' ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðeɪ wʊd nɑt ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ɔn wət ðiz ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz wər. jɛt ənˈθɪŋkəbəl ɛz ɪt ɪz fər ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər tɪ bɪˈheɪv ɪn ðɪs weɪ, ənd ɛz ˈɔfəl ɛz ðə ɔrˈdil həz bɪn fər fiˈoʊnə, ðə keɪs ˈreɪzɪz əˈnəðər ˈɪʃu ɪt ɪkˈspoʊzɪz ə ˈsɪriəs flɔ ɪn ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ pəˈlisɪŋ ˈsɪstəm. tɪ ʤəʤ frəm wət əˈkərd, ðɛr sim tɪ bi noʊ ˈseɪfˌgɑrdz tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈɛni pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər wɪθ ə grəʤ frəm duɪŋ ɛz ˈkɛli dɪd: ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪtɪŋ ə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈrɛkərd fər ˈɛniˌwən ðeɪ meɪ ˈhæpən tɪ dɪsˈlaɪk. ˈdeɪvɪd grin, hu rənz ðə think-tank*, sɪz ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri səˈpraɪzɪŋ ðət fɔls lɔgz kən bi ˈɛnərd ɔn ˈsəmˌwənz ˈrɛkərd wɪˈθaʊt ðə nid fər ˈɛni kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən. hi ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈlivz ˈkɛli ˈʤɑrvɪs ʃʊd nɑt bi əˈlaʊd tɪ ʤɪst goʊ kˈwaɪətli. ˈʤɑrvɪs kwɪt hər ʤɑb ɪn dɪsˈgreɪs bət wɪl nɑt feɪs ˈfərðər ˈækʃən bɪˈkəz əv 'ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz' əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ hər ˈfɔrmər ɪmˈplɔɪər 'ɪts ˈɑbviəsli kwaɪt rɔŋ, bət əm ˈvɛri səˈpraɪzd ðɪs kʊd hæv ˈhæpənd. ju ˈʃʊdənt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ʤɪst ˌɪnˈvɛnt ə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈrɛkərd ər ˈɪnsədənts ðət wɪl bi ɔn ə pəˈlis faɪl.' ˈsɪvəl ˈlɪbərˌtiz kæmˈpeɪnər ˈdɑktər ʃɔn gabb*, əv ðə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən əˈlaɪəns, dɪˈskraɪbd ðə keɪs ɛz 'aʊˈtreɪʤəs', ˈædɪŋ: 'ðə ˈɪʃu ɪz ðət ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər θɔt ðɛr wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ rɔŋ ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər ɪn ˈjuzɪŋ hər pəˈzɪʃən tɪ mɛs əp ˈsəmˌwən ˈɛlsɪz laɪf. ɪt ɪz ˈbleɪtənt ˈmɔrəl kərˈəpʃən ənd ˈkænɑt bi ˈtɑlərˌeɪtəd.' ˈɪntərvˌjud ˈəndər ˈkɔʃən, ˈkɛli, hu dɪd nɑt wɪʃ tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt fər ðɪs ˈstɔri, ədˈmɪtəd ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz pʊt tɪ hər ənd juzd wərdz səʧ ɛz 'pəˈθɛtɪk', 'ˈstupɪd' ənd 'rɪˈmɔrsfəl' tɪ dɪˈskraɪb haʊ ʃi filz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðiz ˈfilɪŋz əˈpɪr tɪ hæv bɪn ˌʃɔrˈtlɪvd, ɛz ðɪs wik ʃi ˈpoʊstɪd ə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk rænt ˈstændɪŋ baɪ wət ʃi dɪd ənd ˈsimɪŋ tɪ bleɪm ˈɛvriˌwən, frəm ðə ˈmidiə tɪ ðə pəˈlis, fər wət ˈhæpənd. ʃi roʊt: 'aɪ fil ˈvɛri lɛt daʊn baɪ maɪ ˈkɑrənt ɪmˈplɔɪər ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ wɪl ˈæˌdrɛs wən deɪ ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər.' ʃi həz ˈɔlsoʊ daɪd hər hɛr braʊn ənd ɪz ˈstɑrtɪŋ aʊt ɪn ə nu kərɪr ɛz ə hɔrs reflexologist*. fər naʊ, fiˈoʊnə ɪz ˈwərid ðət ˈæftər ˈlivɪŋ ðə pəˈlis, ˈkɛli meɪ fil ʃi noʊ ˈlɔŋgər həz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ luz ənd kʊd ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ teɪk ˈmætərz ˈɪntu hər oʊn hænz.
|
redesigned highlight section. image upload compression.
added push notifications. unified on web and mobile versions. redesigned app icon.
visit our community app page on the google play store. scroll down to the “become a beta tester” section of the page. click “i’m in” and be on your way to becoming one of our awesome beta testers! learn more about the beta program here.
hi has been a while since we first introduced our official community app to you. our community app team has been gathering your feedback and working on new features and tweaks. today, excited to offer you an improved version community app. you can download or update it on the google play put more resources to support this app, which will largely be thanks to your feedback. so please join the community app beta program. share your opinion with us to help us bring better and faster you for helping us make this community app better. what feature you would like to see in this app in the near future? or is there any suggestion about this app? feel free to share your idea in the comments! our app team is watching!
|
ˌridɪˈzaɪnd ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ˈsɛkʃən. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈəˌploʊd kəmˈprɛʃən. ˈædɪd pʊʃ ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃənz. ˈjunəˌfaɪd ɔn wɛb ənd ˈmoʊbəl ˈvərʒənz. ˌridɪˈzaɪnd æp ˈaɪkɑn. ˈvɪzɪt ɑr kəmˈjunɪti æp peɪʤ ɔn ðə ˈgugəl pleɪ stɔr. skroʊl daʊn tɪ ðə ə ˈbeɪtə tester”*” ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə peɪʤ. klɪk in”*” ənd bi ɔn jʊr weɪ tɪ bɪˈkəmɪŋ wən əv ɑr ˈɔsəm ˈbeɪtə ˈtɛstərz! lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ðə ˈbeɪtə ˈproʊˌgræm hir. haɪ həz bɪn ə waɪl sɪns wi fərst ˌɪntrəˈdust ɑr əˈfɪʃəl kəmˈjunɪti æp tɪ ju. ɑr kəmˈjunɪti æp tim həz bɪn ˈgæðərɪŋ jʊr ˈfidˌbæk ənd ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn nu ˈfiʧərz ənd twiks. təˈdeɪ, ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ ˈɔfər ju ən ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈvərʒən kəmˈjunɪti æp ju kən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ər ˈəpˌdeɪt ɪt ɔn ðə ˈgugəl pleɪ pʊt mɔr ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ səˈpɔrt ðɪs æp, wɪʧ wɪl ˈlɑrʤli bi θæŋks tɪ jʊr ˈfidˌbæk. soʊ pliz ʤɔɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti æp ˈbeɪtə ˈproʊˌgræm. ʃɛr jʊr əˈpɪnjən wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs brɪŋ ˈbɛtər ənd ˈfæstər ju fər ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs meɪk ðɪs kəmˈjunɪti æp ˈbɛtər. wət ˈfiʧər ju wʊd laɪk tɪ si ɪn ðɪs æp ɪn ðə nɪr fˈjuʧər? ər ɪz ðɛr ˈɛni səˈʤɛsʧən əˈbaʊt ðɪs æp? fil fri tɪ ʃɛr jʊr aɪˈdiə ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts! ɑr æp tim ɪz ˈwɑʧɪŋ!
|
santa monica, ca -- in a stunning admission contained in a brief filed recently in federal court, lawyers for google said people should not expect privacy when they send messages to a account. consumer watchdog said today that people who care about their email correspondents’ privacy should not use the internet service.
google’s brief said: “just as a sender of a letter to a business colleague cannot be surprised that the assistant opens the letter, people who use email today cannot be surprised if their emails are processed by the [email provider] in the course of delivery. indeed, ‘a person has no legitimate expectation of privacy in information he voluntarily turns over to third parties.’” (motion to dismiss, page 19)
read motion to dismiss here:
“google has finally admitted they respect privacy,” said john m. simpson, consumer privacy project director. “people should take them at their word; if you care about your email correspondents’ privacy use.”
google made the statement that people expect privacy when sending a message to a address in a response to a class action complaint filed in litigation. the suit says google violates federal and state wiretap laws when the company reads emails to determine what ads to serve based on the content. the class action complaint was filed under seal because it details many of business practices about the way it handles email.
a highly redacted version of the complaint was filed publicly. read it here:
a hearing in the case, in re google inc. litigation, case no. 5:13-md-02430-lhk, will be held before judge lucy h. koh in u.s. district court in san jose, ca. at p.m., sept. 5.
“google’s brief uses a analogy; sending an email is like giving a letter to the post office,” said simpson. “i expect the post office to deliver the letter based on the address written on the envelope. i expect the mail carrier to open my letter and read it. similarly when i send an email, i expect it to be delivered to the intended recipient with a account based on the email address; why would i expect its content will be intercepted by google and read?”
-30-
|
ˈsænə ˈmɑnɪkə, ˈsiˈeɪ ɪn ə ˈstənɪŋ ədˈmɪʃən kənˈteɪnd ɪn ə brif faɪld ˈrisəntli ɪn ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt, ˈlɔjərz fər ˈgugəl sɛd ˈpipəl ʃʊd nɑt ɪkˈspɛkt ˈpraɪvəsi wɪn ðeɪ sɛnd ˈmɛsɪʤɪz tɪ ə əˈkaʊnt. kənˈsumər ˈwɑʧˌdɔg sɛd təˈdeɪ ðət ˈpipəl hu kɛr əˈbaʊt ðɛr iˈmeɪl correspondents’*’ ˈpraɪvəsi ʃʊd nɑt juz ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈsərvɪs. brif sɛd: ɛz ə ˈsɛndər əv ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ə ˈbɪznɪs ˈkɑlig ˈkænɑt bi səˈpraɪzd ðət ðə əˈsɪstənt ˈoʊpənz ðə ˈlɛtər, ˈpipəl hu juz iˈmeɪl təˈdeɪ ˈkænɑt bi səˈpraɪzd ɪf ðɛr iˈmeɪlz ər ˈprɑsɛst baɪ ðə [iˈmeɪl prəˈvaɪdər] ɪn ðə kɔrs əv dɪˈlɪvəri. ˌɪnˈdid, ˈpərsən həz noʊ ləˈʤɪtəmət ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən əv ˈpraɪvəsi ɪn ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən hi ˌvɑlənˈtɛrəli tərnz ˈoʊvər tɪ θərd parties.’”*.’” (ˈmoʊʃən tɪ dɪsˈmɪs, peɪʤ 19 rɛd ˈmoʊʃən tɪ dɪsˈmɪs hir: həz ˈfaɪnəli ədˈmɪtəd ðeɪ rɪˈspɛkt privacy,”*,” sɛd ʤɑn ɛm. ˈsɪmpsən, kənˈsumər ˈpraɪvəsi ˈprɑʤɛkt dɪˈrɛktər. ʃʊd teɪk ðɛm æt ðɛr wərd; ɪf ju kɛr əˈbaʊt jʊr iˈmeɪl correspondents’*’ ˈpraɪvəsi juz gmail.”*.” ˈgugəl meɪd ðə ˈsteɪtmənt ðət ˈpipəl ɪkˈspɛkt ˈpraɪvəsi wɪn ˈsɛndɪŋ ə ˈmɛsɪʤ tɪ ə ˈæˌdrɛs ɪn ə rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə klæs ˈækʃən kəmˈpleɪnt faɪld ɪn ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən. ðə sut sɪz ˈgugəl ˈvaɪəleɪts ˈfɛdərəl ənd steɪt ˈwaɪərˌtæp lɔz wɪn ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ridz iˈmeɪlz tɪ dɪˈtərmən wət ædz tɪ sərv beɪst ɔn ðə ˈkɑntɛnt. ðə klæs ˈækʃən kəmˈpleɪnt wɑz faɪld ˈəndər sil bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈditeɪlz ˈmɛni əv ˈbɪznɪs ˈpræktɪsɪz əˈbaʊt ðə weɪ ɪt ˈhændəlz iˈmeɪl. ə ˈhaɪli rɪˈdæktɪd ˈvərʒən əv ðə kəmˈpleɪnt wɑz faɪld ˈpəblɪkli. rɛd ɪt hir: ə ˈhirɪŋ ɪn ðə keɪs, ɪn ri ˈgugəl ɪŋk. ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən, keɪs noʊ. 5:13-md-02430-lhk*, wɪl bi hɛld ˌbiˈfɔr ʤəʤ ˈlusi eɪʧ. koʊ ɪn juz. ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt ɪn sæn ˌhoʊˈzeɪ, ˈsiˈeɪ. æt p.m*., sɛpt. 5 brif ˈjuzɪz ə əˈnæləʤi; ˈsɛndɪŋ ən iˈmeɪl ɪz laɪk ˈgɪvɪŋ ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə poʊst office,”*,” sɛd ˈsɪmpsən. ɪkˈspɛkt ðə poʊst ˈɔfəs tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ðə ˈlɛtər beɪst ɔn ðə ˈæˌdrɛs ˈrɪtən ɔn ðə ˈɛnvəˌloʊp. aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ðə meɪl ˈkɛriər tɪ ˈoʊpən maɪ ˈlɛtər ənd rɛd ɪt. ˈsɪmələrli wɪn aɪ sɛnd ən iˈmeɪl, aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ɪt tɪ bi dɪˈlɪvərd tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd rɪˈsɪpiənt wɪθ ə əˈkaʊnt beɪst ɔn ðə iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs; waɪ wʊd aɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ɪts ˈkɑntɛnt wɪl bi ˌɪnərˈsɛptɪd baɪ ˈgugəl ənd read?”*?” 30
|
my had sent my gift from several different places and i didn't want to post until the last piece had arrived. which it did... today! luckily my wrote to tell me i would be receiving 3 different items, but the "biggest" one was coming from singapore.
several weeks ago i received my first gift: a name tag. i'm keeping it sealed because i don't want it destroyed (especially by the hands of my 4 year old). the next gift was a roll of chain with a little baggie of clasps. oooooh. kaaaay. finally the main piece arrived and i eagerly open it up to find my very own keys. yes yes yes!!! i feel so honored.
what i loved most was that my is from the netherlands and the 3 gifts came from georgia (us), singapore and canada.
anyway, thank you! the wait was well worth it.
cheers.
|
maɪ hæd sɛnt maɪ gɪft frəm ˈsɛvərəl ˈdɪfərənt ˈpleɪsɪz ənd aɪ ˈdɪdənt wɔnt tɪ poʊst ənˈtɪl ðə læst pis hæd əraɪvd. wɪʧ ɪt dɪd... təˈdeɪ! ˈləkəli maɪ roʊt tɪ tɛl mi aɪ wʊd bi rɪˈsivɪŋ 3 ˈdɪfərənt ˈaɪtəmz, bət ðə "ˈbɪgəst" wən wɑz ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr. ˈsɛvərəl wiks əˈgoʊ aɪ rɪˈsivd maɪ fərst gɪft: ə neɪm tæg. əm ˈkipɪŋ ɪt sild bɪˈkəz aɪ doʊnt wɔnt ɪt dɪˈstrɔɪd (əˈspɛʃəli baɪ ðə hænz əv maɪ 4 jɪr oʊld). ðə nɛkst gɪft wɑz ə roʊl əv ʧeɪn wɪθ ə ˈlɪtəl ˈbægi əv clasps*. oooooh*. kaaaay*. ˈfaɪnəli ðə meɪn pis əraɪvd ənd aɪ ˈigərli ˈoʊpən ɪt əp tɪ faɪnd maɪ ˈvɛri oʊn kiz. jɛs jɛs jɛs!!! aɪ fil soʊ ˈɑnərd. wət aɪ ləvd moʊst wɑz ðət maɪ ɪz frəm ðə ˈnɛðərləndz ənd ðə 3 gɪfts keɪm frəm ˈʤɔrʤə (ˈjuˈɛs), ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr ənd ˈkænədə. ˈɛniˌweɪ, θæŋk ju! ðə weɪt wɑz wɛl wərθ ɪt. ʧɪrz.
|
|=----------------------------------------------------------------------------=| |=----------------------=[ modern binary exploitation ]=----------------------=| |=------------------------=[ 4968 - spring '15 ]=------------------------=| |=----------------------------------------------------------------------------=| |=------------------------------=[ by ]=-------------------------------=| |=---------------------------=[ ]=----------------------------=| |=----------------------------------------------------------------------------=| |=----------------------------------------------------------------------------=| |=-----------------=[ course materials available on ]=-----------------=| |=----------------------------------------------------------------------------=| +=======+======================================================================+ | date | class notes | +=======+======================================================================+ | | --[ syllabus and review | | | ----------------------------------- | | | a quick overview of the syllabus, course, and what students can | | | expect to learn. some course terminology is covered along with a | | | brief refresher of the background material required for the course. | | | | | | lecture slides: | | | course syllabus: syllabus | | |: getting on | | | | | | a more complete course rundown along with contact information can be | | | found in the syllabus. please be sure to at least read through it | | | once to understand the mechanics of the course. | | | | | | finally, class office hours will be held at's hack nights! | | | where: sage 3101 | | | when: wednesdays, | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ tools and basic reverse engineering | | | ----------------------------------- | | | we covered some of the most basic tools and their usage in reverse | | | engineering. we covered mostly static tools today, and will go more | | | in depth with dynamic tools as used in the typical reverse | | | engineering workflow next class. | | | | | | lecture slides: | | | intro: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ extended reverse engineering | | | ----------------------------------- | | | this class revolved around using ida for static analysis in parallel | | | with assembly level debugging in & edb. we took a look at the | | | from last class with this reversing workflow, along with | | | the & cmu bomb. | | | | | | lecture slides: | | | bomb: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ reverse engineering lab | | | ----------------------------------- | | | our first lab focuses on basic reverse engineering. while we won't | | | be doing any heavy reverse engineering in this class, being able to | | | debug at the assembly level is a necessary skill in exploit | | | development. | | | | | | labs will typically consists of three graded challenges of | | | increasing difficulty. you are expected to complete the c problem | | | (the easiest one) by the end of each lab period or you will take a | | | grade penalty as specified in the syllabus. the rest are typically | | | due by the start of class exactly one week later. | | | | | | due: est | | | lab: | | | | | | your solutions to the lab must be submitted individually to the | | | email [at] | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ introduction to memory corruption | | | ----------------------------------- | | | memory corruption is typically at the heart of binary exploitation | | | and is fundamental to the course. this lecture focused on classical | | | stack smashing and demonstrating the possible effects of meaningful | | | corruption. | | | | | | lecture slides: | | | vm: | | | other materials:/ | | | suggested reading: hacking: the art of exploitation | | | chapters, skim | | | | | | be sure to visit office hours if you have any questions, want to | | | review, or want help with the reversing lab. | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ memory corruption lab | | | ----------------------------------- | | | the is an in-house that we've introduced as a self | | | contained learning environment for this course. most of the | | | exercises and labs will take place on this server for the remainder | | | of the course. | | | | | |:.rpis.ec 22 | | | username: | | | password: [distributed in class] | | | | | | due: friday, february | | | | | | levels are in/ - start with/lab2c | | | | | | solve the challenge, get a shell, cat | | | then into the with the account with that password. | | | repeat for, then lab2a, then | | | | | | to submit, send the passwords, a description of your exploit, and | | | copy of your script or payload to+lab2 [at] | | | | | | reminder: the bonus flag does not count toward your grade | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ | | | ----------------------------------- | | | today's class introduced the concept and how it is used in | | | classical exploitation when injecting arbitrary code into exploited | | | processes. we'll be moving into more modern uses of as we | | | get deeper into the course. | | | | | | we also cover some simple techniques to write your own, as | | | well as some tools we use to make a more pain free | | | process. | | | | | | lecture slides: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ lab | | | ----------------------------------- | | | lab today will focus on your ability to use in | | | exploitation, and your ability to write custom tailored to | | | the constraints of a given scenario. | | | | | |:.rpis.ec 22 | | | username: | | | password: [distributed in class] | | | | | | due: tuesday, march | | | | | | submit your final for each level and a short | | | description to+lab3 [at] | | | | | | lab slides: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ format strings | | | ----------------------------------- | | | format string based vulnerabilities are less common nowadays, but | | | they are an important bug class that can be tricky to exploit. | | | | | | this lecture covers uncontrolled format string vulnerabilities and | | | how they can be abused to leak information or take control of a | | | vulnerable application. | | | | | | we will be having a format string based lab next week. | | | | | | lecture slides: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ format string lab | | | ----------------------------------- | | |:.rpis.ec 22 | | | username: | | | password: [distributed in class] | | | | | | due: tuesday, march | | | | | | submit your final for each level and a short | | | description to+lab4 [at] | | | | | | lab slides: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ dep and | | | ----------------------------------- | | | data execution prevention is one of the pillars of modern exploit | | | mitigation technologies. understanding how dep works and how it can | | | be bypassed is important in exploiting real world targets. | | | | | | this lecture covers dep and how it can be bypassed through return | | | oriented programming. we talk about some of the tools, workflow, and | | | constraints of writing. | | | | | | lecture slides: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ lab | | | ----------------------------------- | | |:.rpis.ec 22 | | | username: | | | password: [distributed in class] | | | | | | due: friday, march | | | | | | submit your final for each level and a short | | | description to+lab5 [at] | | | | | | lab slides: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ secure systems and game console exploitation | | | ----------------------------------- | | | as we already have a lab assigned and project one due directly after | | | spring break, we don't want to dive into the next subject until we | | | get back. | | | | | | to mix things up, we'll be taking a peek behind the curtain at some | | | of the bugs that brought down game consoles of our generation. | | | | | | game consoles are among the most secure off the shelf products | | | consumers can buy, so it's interesting to look at the | | | aspects of the exploits and bugs that cracked them open. | | | | | | lecture slides: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ project one lab | | | ----------------------------------- | | | being the friday of spring break, we will be hosting a lab period | | | for project one. if anyone wants help or has questions, they're | | | encouraged to ask for any final help before we move into break. | | | | | | we have also released a grading rubric for the first project in case | | | you would like some guidance on what to turn in. | | | | | | project one rubric: | | | | | | due: tuesday, march | | | | | | you must submit your as either a link to a blog post, or as | | | a equivalent. here is a sample that we would expect | | | your project to resemble. | | | | | | submit your final links work to | | |+project1 [at] | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ address space layout | | | ----------------------------------- | | | is the second big pillar in modern exploit mitigation | | | technologies. it's designed to mitigate exploits that rely on | | | addresses by the layout of | | | memory for every execution. | | | | | | this lecture covers and how it can be bypassed through info | | | leaks, partial overwrites, bruteforcing, and utilizing your crash | | | state. | | | | | | lecture slides: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ lab | | | ----------------------------------- | | | the labs are harder this week with the bugs being less trivial to | | | spot in source and more tricky to exploit. the challenges will also | | | have more scenario and context to make them feel a bit more real. | | | | | | to mix things up even more, is a remote exploitation | | | challenge. you can expect more remote exploitation challenges as we | | | move into the final few lab sets in the course. | | | | | |:.rpis.ec 22 | | | username: | | | password: [distributed in class] | | | | | | because of the delay with getting up, we have extended the due | | | time till midnight friday rather than by class. | | | | | | due: friday 11:59pm, april | | | | | | submit your final for each level and a short | | | description to+lab6 [at] | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ heap exploitation | | | ----------------------------------- | | | many exploits found in the wild today likely touch on the heap in | | | some form. as stack based memory corruption has grown harder to | | | utilize, the bug hunt has continued into the heap space and brought | | | rise to new classes of vulnerabilities and techniques. | | | | | | this lecture covers how the heap can be abused in exploitation | | | through heap based overflows, use after frees, heap spraying, and a | | | brief mention of allocator corruption. | | | | | | lecture slides: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ heap exploitation lab | | | ----------------------------------- | | | there are only two lab challenges this week. lab is a bit tricky | | | and will be a remote challenge. | | | | | |:.rpis.ec 22 | | | username: | | | password: [distributed in class] | | | | | | due: friday, april | | | | | | submit your final for each level and a short | | | description to+lab7 [at] | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ concepts & stack canaries | | | ----------------------------------- | | | smaller points and concepts that we meant to cover in the week | | | before spring break. | | | this includes a basic breakdown of common integers issues, | | | interesting things with file descriptors, and details surrounding | | | stack canaries. | | | | | | lecture slides: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ & canaries lab | | | ----------------------------------- | | | three lab challenges focusing on concepts and canaries. lab | | | is a remote challenge. | | | | | |:.rpis.ec 22 | | | username: | | | password: [distributed in class] | | | | | | due: friday, april | | | | | | submit your final for each level and a short | | | description to+lab8 [at] | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ c++ concepts and differences | | | ----------------------------------- | | | c++ adds a number of that c lacks. some of these | | | additions help mitigate common exploitation avenues that we are used | | | to such as string mishandling. it's harder to mess up things when | | | you have a nice instead of char *'s being thrown around. | | | | | | but with c++ adding more high level structures, it also opens new | | | attack surfaces to the application, e.g. classes+vtables. | | | | | | lecture slides: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ c++ concepts lab | | | ----------------------------------- | | | this week there's only two lab challenges and they will focus on | | | exploiting c++ based binaries. both challenges will be remote | | | services! | | | | | |:.rpis.ec 22 | | | username: | | | password: [distributed in class] | | | | | | due: friday, may | | | | | | submit your final for each level and a short | | | description to+lab9 [at] | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ kernel exploitation | | | ----------------------------------- | | | kernel exploitation is the process of attacking the operating system | | | itself. vulnerabilities in the kernel can result in full takeover of | | | a system and are among the most powerful bugs we can find. | | | | | | this lecture is an introduction to the world of kernel exploitation. | | | it covers basic kernel exploitation techniques such as null | | | and jump-to-userland, as well as kernel land | | | such as and smep/smap. | | | | | | lecture slides: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ kernel exploitation lab | | | ----------------------------------- | | | we've reached the system core, but can you get root? there are two | | | lab challenges this week. | | | | | | this week we've brought a separate server online to spin up personal | | | images for you to work in and break. unlike the, this | | | server will only be accessible from campus so you will need to | | | in if you're trying to work from off campus. | | | | | |:-kernel.rpis.ec 22 | | | username: | | | password: [distributed in class] | | | | | | due: friday, may | | | | | | submit your final for each level and a short | | | description to+lab10 [at] | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ final project lab | | | ----------------------------------- | | | class today will be a dedicated lab session to get help on the final | | | project. we'll be releasing a few hints and tips to help for those | | | that attend. it's wise to ask any questions or ask for help if | | | you're stuck. | | | | | | checkpoint #2 is due by friday 11:59pm, may | | | the entire project is due by friday, may | | | | | | we sent the rubric out a week or two ago via email, but here it is | | | for anyone that missed it. | | | | | | final project rubric: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ exploitation on 64bit, arm, windows | | | ----------------------------------- | | | this course has focused exclusively on owning linux binaries, | | | but how does exploitation differ on? what about on arm? or | | | even on a different os like windows? | | | | | | this lecture explores and contrasts some of the differences found on | | | the other popular architectures and operating systems we see around | | | us today. | | | | | | lecture slides: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | --[ automation & the future of exploitation | | | ----------------------------------- | | | you've learned how leverage bugs to binaries and bypass many of | | | the modern mitigation technologies seen today. but how can we do | | | these things faster, and where is the field going? | | | | | | this lecture talks a bit about as well as a few more | | | interesting and advanced tools in vulnerability research. it ends | | | the course with a brief look into the future of binary exploitation | | | and what to expect of the field in the near future. | | | | | | lecture slides: | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
ˈmɑdərn ˈbaɪnəˌri ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən 4968 spərɪŋ 15 baɪ kɔrs məˈtɪriəlz əˈveɪləbəl ɔn deɪt klæs noʊts ˈsɪləbəs ənd ˌrivˈju ə kwɪk ˈoʊvərvˌju əv ðə ˈsɪləbəs, kɔrs, ənd wət ˈstudənts kən ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ lərn. səm kɔrs ˌtərmɪˈnɑləʤi ɪz ˈkəvərd əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə brif rɪˈfrɛʃər əv ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd məˈtɪriəl rikˈwaɪərd fər ðə kɔrs. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz: kɔrs ˈsɪləbəs: ˈsɪləbəs : ˈgɪtɪŋ ɔn ə mɔr kəmˈplit kɔrs ˈrənˌdaʊn əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈkɑnˌtækt ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən kən bi faʊnd ɪn ðə ˈsɪləbəs. pliz bi ʃʊr tɪ æt list rɛd θru ɪt wəns tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə məˈkænɪks əv ðə kɔrs. ˈfaɪnəli, klæs ˈɔfəs aʊərz wɪl bi hɛld æt hæk naɪts! wɛr: seɪʤ 3101 wɪn: ˈwɛnzˌdeɪz, tulz ənd ˈbeɪsɪk rɪˈvərs ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ wi ˈkəvərd səm əv ðə moʊst ˈbeɪsɪk tulz ənd ðɛr ˈjusɪʤ ɪn rɪˈvərs ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ. wi ˈkəvərd ˈmoʊstli ˈstætɪk tulz təˈdeɪ, ənd wɪl goʊ mɔr ɪn dɛpθ wɪθ daɪˈnæmɪk tulz ɛz juzd ɪn ðə ˈtɪpɪkəl rɪˈvərs ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ˈwərkˌfloʊ nɛkst klæs. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz: ˈɪntroʊ: ɪkˈstɛndɪd rɪˈvərs ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ðɪs klæs riˈvɑlvd əraʊnd ˈjuzɪŋ ˈaɪdə fər ˈstætɪk æˈnælɪsɪs ɪn ˈpɛrəˌlɛl wɪθ əˈsɛmbli ˈlɛvəl diˈbəgɪŋ ɪn edb*. wi tʊk ə lʊk æt ðə frəm læst klæs wɪθ ðɪs rɪˈvərsɪŋ ˈwərkˌfloʊ, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈsiˈɛmˈju bɔm. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz: bɔm: rɪˈvərs ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ læb ɑr fərst læb ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn ˈbeɪsɪk rɪˈvərs ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ. waɪl wi woʊnt bi duɪŋ ˈɛni ˈhɛvi rɪˈvərs ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ɪn ðɪs klæs, biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ diˈbəg æt ðə əˈsɛmbli ˈlɛvəl ɪz ə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri skɪl ɪn ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt dɪˈvɛləpmənt. læbz wɪl ˈtɪpɪkəli kənˈsɪsts əv θri ˈgreɪdɪd ˈʧælənʤɪz əv ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti. ju ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ kəmˈplit ðə si ˈprɑbləm (ðə ˈiziəst wən) baɪ ðə ɛnd əv iʧ læb ˈpɪriəd ər ju wɪl teɪk ə greɪd ˈpɛnəlti ɛz ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd ɪn ðə ˈsɪləbəs. ðə rɛst ər ˈtɪpɪkəli du baɪ ðə stɑrt əv klæs ɪgˈzæktli wən wik ˈleɪtər. du: ɛst læb: jʊr səˈluʃənz tɪ ðə læb məst bi səbˈmɪtəd ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli tɪ ðə iˈmeɪl [æt] ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ ˈmɛməri kərˈəpʃən ˈmɛməri kərˈəpʃən ɪz ˈtɪpɪkəli æt ðə hɑrt əv ˈbaɪnəˌri ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ənd ɪz ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl tɪ ðə kɔrs. ðɪs ˈlɛkʧər ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈklæsɪkəl stæk sˈmæʃɪŋ ənd ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ðə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈifɛkts əv ˈminɪŋfəl kərˈəpʃən. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz: vm*: ˈəðər məˈtɪriəlz: səˈʤɛstɪd ˈrɛdɪŋ: ˈhækɪŋ: ðə ɑrt əv ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ˈʧæptərz skɪm bi ʃʊr tɪ ˈvɪzɪt ˈɔfəs aʊərz ɪf ju hæv ˈɛni kˈwɛsʧənz, wɔnt tɪ ˌrivˈju, ər wɔnt hɛlp wɪθ ðə rɪˈvərsɪŋ læb. ˈmɛməri kərˈəpʃən læb ðə ɪz ən ˌɪnˈhaʊs ðət wiv ˌɪntrəˈdust ɛz ə sɛlf kənˈteɪnd ˈlərnɪŋ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt fər ðɪs kɔrs. moʊst əv ðə ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪz ənd læbz wɪl teɪk pleɪs ɔn ðɪs ˈsərvər fər ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðə kɔrs. : 22 username*: ˈpæsˌwərd: [dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ɪn klæs] du: ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈfɛbruˌɛri ˈlɛvəlz ər ɪn stɑrt wɪθ sɑlv ðə ˈʧælənʤ, gɪt ə ʃɛl, kæt ðɛn ˈɪntu ðə wɪθ ðə əˈkaʊnt wɪθ ðət ˈpæsˌwərd. rɪˈpit fər, ðɛn lab2a*, ðɛn tɪ səbˈmɪt, sɛnd ðə ˈpæsˌwərdz, ə dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv jʊr ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt, ənd ˈkɑpi əv jʊr skrɪpt ər ˈpeɪˌloʊd tɪ [æt] riˈmaɪndər: ðə ˈboʊnəs flæg dɪz nɑt kaʊnt təˈwɔrd jʊr greɪd ˈtudeɪz klæs ˌɪntrəˈdust ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt ənd haʊ ɪt ɪz juzd ɪn ˈklæsɪkəl ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən wɪn ˌɪnˈʤɛktɪŋ ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri koʊd ˈɪntu ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtəd ˈprɑsɛsəz. wɪl bi ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɪntu mɔr ˈmɑdərn ˈjuzɪz əv ɛz wi gɪt ˈdipər ˈɪntu ðə kɔrs. wi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkəvər səm ˈsɪmpəl tɛkˈniks tɪ raɪt jʊr oʊn, ɛz wɛl ɛz səm tulz wi juz tɪ meɪk ə mɔr peɪn fri ˈprɔˌsɛs. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz: læb læb təˈdeɪ wɪl ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn jʊr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ juz ɪn ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən, ənd jʊr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ raɪt ˈkəstəm ˈteɪlərd tɪ ðə kənˈstreɪnts əv ə ˈgɪvɪn sɪˈnɛrioʊ. : 22 username*: ˈpæsˌwərd: [dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ɪn klæs] du: ˈtuzˌdeɪ, mɑrʧ səbˈmɪt jʊr ˈfaɪnəl fər iʧ ˈlɛvəl ənd ə ʃɔrt dɪˈskrɪpʃən tɪ [æt] læb slaɪdz: ˈfɔrˌmæt strɪŋz ˈfɔrˌmæt strɪŋ beɪst ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪtiz ər lɛs ˈkɑmən ˈnaʊəˌdeɪz, bət ðeɪ ər ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt bəg klæs ðət kən bi ˈtrɪki tɪ ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt. ðɪs ˈlɛkʧər ˈkəvərz ˌənkənˈtroʊld ˈfɔrˌmæt strɪŋ ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪtiz ənd haʊ ðeɪ kən bi əˈbjuzd tɪ lik ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ər teɪk kənˈtroʊl əv ə ˈvəlnərəbəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. wi wɪl bi ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈfɔrˌmæt strɪŋ beɪst læb nɛkst wik. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz: ˈfɔrˌmæt strɪŋ læb : 22 username*: ˈpæsˌwərd: [dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ɪn klæs] du: ˈtuzˌdeɪ, mɑrʧ səbˈmɪt jʊr ˈfaɪnəl fər iʧ ˈlɛvəl ənd ə ʃɔrt dɪˈskrɪpʃən tɪ [æt] læb slaɪdz: dɛp ənd ˈdætə ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən priˈvɛnʃən ɪz wən əv ðə ˈpɪlərz əv ˈmɑdərn ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃən tɛkˈnɑləʤiz. ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ haʊ dɛp wərks ənd haʊ ɪt kən bi ˈbaɪˌpæst ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtɪŋ ril wərld ˈtɑrgəts. ðɪs ˈlɛkʧər ˈkəvərz dɛp ənd haʊ ɪt kən bi ˈbaɪˌpæst θru rɪˈtərn ˈɔriˌɛntɪd ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ. wi tɔk əˈbaʊt səm əv ðə tulz, ˈwərkˌfloʊ, ənd kənˈstreɪnts əv ˈraɪtɪŋ. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz: læb : 22 username*: ˈpæsˌwərd: [dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ɪn klæs] du: ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, mɑrʧ səbˈmɪt jʊr ˈfaɪnəl fər iʧ ˈlɛvəl ənd ə ʃɔrt dɪˈskrɪpʃən tɪ [æt] læb slaɪdz: sɪˈkjʊr ˈsɪstəmz ənd geɪm ˈkɑnsoʊl ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ɛz wi ɔˈrɛdi hæv ə læb əˈsaɪnd ənd ˈprɑʤɛkt wən du dɪˈrɛkli ˈæftər spərɪŋ breɪk, wi doʊnt wɔnt tɪ daɪv ˈɪntu ðə nɛkst ˈsəbʤɪkt ənˈtɪl wi gɪt bæk. tɪ mɪks θɪŋz əp, wɪl bi ˈteɪkɪŋ ə pik bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈkərtən æt səm əv ðə bəgz ðət brɔt daʊn geɪm kənˈsoʊlz əv ɑr ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən. geɪm kənˈsoʊlz ər əˈməŋ ðə moʊst sɪˈkjʊr ɔf ðə ʃɛlf ˈprɑdəkts kənˈsumərz kən baɪ, soʊ ɪts ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ lʊk æt ðə ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə ˈɛkˌsplɔɪts ənd bəgz ðət krækt ðɛm ˈoʊpən. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz: ˈprɑʤɛkt wən læb biɪŋ ðə ˈfraɪˌdeɪ əv spərɪŋ breɪk, wi wɪl bi ˈhoʊstɪŋ ə læb ˈpɪriəd fər ˈprɑʤɛkt wən. ɪf ˈɛniˌwən wɔnts hɛlp ər həz kˈwɛsʧənz, ðɛr ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ æsk fər ˈɛni ˈfaɪnəl hɛlp ˌbiˈfɔr wi muv ˈɪntu breɪk. wi hæv ˈɔlsoʊ riˈlist ə ˈgreɪdɪŋ ˈrubrɪk fər ðə fərst ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪn keɪs ju wʊd laɪk səm ˈgaɪdəns ɔn wət tɪ tərn ɪn. ˈprɑʤɛkt wən ˈrubrɪk: du: ˈtuzˌdeɪ, mɑrʧ ju məst səbˈmɪt jʊr ɛz ˈiðər ə lɪŋk tɪ ə blɔg poʊst, ər ɛz ə ɪkˈwɪvələnt. hir ɪz ə ˈsæmpəl ðət wi wʊd ɪkˈspɛkt jʊr ˈprɑʤɛkt tɪ rɪˈzɛmbəl. səbˈmɪt jʊr ˈfaɪnəl lɪŋks wərk tɪ [æt] ˈæˌdrɛs speɪs leɪaʊt ɪz ðə ˈsɛkənd bɪg ˈpɪlər ɪn ˈmɑdərn ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃən tɛkˈnɑləʤiz. ɪts dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈmɪtəˌgeɪt ˈɛkˌsplɔɪts ðət rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ˈæˈdrɛsɪz baɪ ðə leɪaʊt əv ˈmɛməri fər ˈɛvəri ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən. ðɪs ˈlɛkʧər ˈkəvərz ənd haʊ ɪt kən bi ˈbaɪˌpæst θru ˈɪnfoʊ liks, ˈpɑrʃəl ˌoʊvərˈraɪts, bruteforcing*, ənd ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪŋ jʊr kræʃ steɪt. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz: læb ðə læbz ər ˈhɑrdər ðɪs wik wɪθ ðə bəgz biɪŋ lɛs ˈtrɪviəl tɪ spɑt ɪn sɔrs ənd mɔr ˈtrɪki tɪ ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt. ðə ˈʧælənʤɪz wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ hæv mɔr sɪˈnɛrioʊ ənd ˈkɑntɛkst tɪ meɪk ðɛm fil ə bɪt mɔr ril. tɪ mɪks θɪŋz əp ˈivɪn mɔr, ɪz ə rɪˈmoʊt ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ˈʧælənʤ. ju kən ɪkˈspɛkt mɔr rɪˈmoʊt ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ˈʧælənʤɪz ɛz wi muv ˈɪntu ðə ˈfaɪnəl fju læb sɛts ɪn ðə kɔrs. : 22 username*: ˈpæsˌwərd: [dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ɪn klæs] bɪˈkəz əv ðə dɪˈleɪ wɪθ ˈgɪtɪŋ əp, wi hæv ɪkˈstɛndɪd ðə du taɪm tɪl ˈmɪdˌnaɪt ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈrəðər ðən baɪ klæs. du: ˈfraɪˌdeɪ 11:59pm*, ˈeɪprəl səbˈmɪt jʊr ˈfaɪnəl fər iʧ ˈlɛvəl ənd ə ʃɔrt dɪˈskrɪpʃən tɪ [æt] hip ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ˈmɛni ˈɛkˌsplɔɪts faʊnd ɪn ðə waɪld təˈdeɪ ˈlaɪkli təʧ ɔn ðə hip ɪn səm fɔrm. ɛz stæk beɪst ˈmɛməri kərˈəpʃən həz groʊn ˈhɑrdər tɪ ˈjutəˌlaɪz, ðə bəg hənt həz kənˈtɪnjud ˈɪntu ðə hip speɪs ənd brɔt raɪz tɪ nu ˈklæsɪz əv ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪtiz ənd tɛkˈniks. ðɪs ˈlɛkʧər ˈkəvərz haʊ ðə hip kən bi əˈbjuzd ɪn ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən θru hip beɪst ˈoʊvərˌfloʊz, juz ˈæftər friz, hip spreɪɪŋ, ənd ə brif ˈmɛnʃən əv ˈæləˌkeɪtər kərˈəpʃən. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz: hip ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən læb ðɛr ər ˈoʊnli tu læb ˈʧælənʤɪz ðɪs wik. læb ɪz ə bɪt ˈtrɪki ənd wɪl bi ə rɪˈmoʊt ˈʧælənʤ. : 22 username*: ˈpæsˌwərd: [dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ɪn klæs] du: ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈeɪprəl səbˈmɪt jʊr ˈfaɪnəl fər iʧ ˈlɛvəl ənd ə ʃɔrt dɪˈskrɪpʃən tɪ [æt] ˈkɑnsɛpts stæk kəˈnɛriz sˈmɔlər pɔɪnts ənd ˈkɑnsɛpts ðət wi mɛnt tɪ ˈkəvər ɪn ðə wik ˌbiˈfɔr spərɪŋ breɪk. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludz ə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn əv ˈkɑmən ˈɪntəʤərz ˈɪʃuz, ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ θɪŋz wɪθ faɪl descriptors*, ənd ˈditeɪlz sərˈaʊndɪŋ stæk kəˈnɛriz. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz: kəˈnɛriz læb θri læb ˈʧælənʤɪz ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ˈkɑnsɛpts ənd kəˈnɛriz. læb ɪz ə rɪˈmoʊt ˈʧælənʤ. : 22 username*: ˈpæsˌwərd: [dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ɪn klæs] du: ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈeɪprəl səbˈmɪt jʊr ˈfaɪnəl fər iʧ ˈlɛvəl ənd ə ʃɔrt dɪˈskrɪpʃən tɪ [æt] si++ ˈkɑnsɛpts ənd ˈdɪfərənsɪz si++ ædz ə ˈnəmbər əv ðət si læks. səm əv ðiz əˈdɪʃənz hɛlp ˈmɪtəˌgeɪt ˈkɑmən ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ˈævəˌnuz ðət wi ər juzd tɪ səʧ ɛz strɪŋ mɪsˈhændlɪŋ. ɪts ˈhɑrdər tɪ mɛs əp θɪŋz wɪn ju hæv ə nis ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ʧɑr *'ɛs biɪŋ θroʊn əraʊnd. bət wɪθ si++ ˈædɪŋ mɔr haɪ ˈlɛvəl ˈstrəkʧərz, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈoʊpənz nu əˈtæk ˈsərfəsɪz tɪ ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən, e.g*. classes+vtables*. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz: si++ ˈkɑnsɛpts læb ðɪs wik ðɛrz ˈoʊnli tu læb ˈʧælənʤɪz ənd ðeɪ wɪl ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtɪŋ si++ beɪst ˈbaɪnəˌriz. boʊθ ˈʧælənʤɪz wɪl bi rɪˈmoʊt ˈsərvɪsɪz! : 22 username*: ˈpæsˌwərd: [dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ɪn klæs] du: ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, meɪ səbˈmɪt jʊr ˈfaɪnəl fər iʧ ˈlɛvəl ənd ə ʃɔrt dɪˈskrɪpʃən tɪ [æt] ˈkərnəl ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ˈkərnəl ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ɪz ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv əˈtækɪŋ ðə ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪtiz ɪn ðə ˈkərnəl kən rɪˈzəlt ɪn fʊl ˈteɪˌkoʊvər əv ə ˈsɪstəm ənd ər əˈməŋ ðə moʊst ˈpaʊərfəl bəgz wi kən faɪnd. ðɪs ˈlɛkʧər ɪz ən ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ ðə wərld əv ˈkərnəl ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən. ɪt ˈkəvərz ˈbeɪsɪk ˈkərnəl ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən tɛkˈniks səʧ ɛz nəl ənd jump-to-userland*, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈkərnəl lænd səʧ ɛz ənd smep/smap*. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz: ˈkərnəl ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən læb wiv riʧt ðə ˈsɪstəm kɔr, bət kən ju gɪt rut? ðɛr ər tu læb ˈʧælənʤɪz ðɪs wik. ðɪs wik wiv brɔt ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈsərvər ˈɔnˌlaɪn tɪ spɪn əp ˈpərsɪnəl ˈɪmɪʤɪz fər ju tɪ wərk ɪn ənd breɪk. ənˈlaɪk ðə, ðɪs ˈsərvər wɪl ˈoʊnli bi ækˈsɛsəbəl frəm ˈkæmpəs soʊ ju wɪl nid tɪ ɪn ɪf jʊr traɪɪŋ tɪ wərk frəm ɔf ˈkæmpəs. : 22 username*: ˈpæsˌwərd: [dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ɪn klæs] du: ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, meɪ səbˈmɪt jʊr ˈfaɪnəl fər iʧ ˈlɛvəl ənd ə ʃɔrt dɪˈskrɪpʃən tɪ [æt] ˈfaɪnəl ˈprɑʤɛkt læb klæs təˈdeɪ wɪl bi ə ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd læb ˈsɛʃən tɪ gɪt hɛlp ɔn ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈprɑʤɛkt. wɪl bi riˈlisɪŋ ə fju hɪnts ənd tɪps tɪ hɛlp fər ðoʊz ðət əˈtɛnd. ɪts waɪz tɪ æsk ˈɛni kˈwɛsʧənz ər æsk fər hɛlp ɪf jʊr stək. ˈʧɛkˌpɔɪnt 2 ɪz du baɪ ˈfraɪˌdeɪ 11:59pm*, meɪ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪz du baɪ ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, meɪ wi sɛnt ðə ˈrubrɪk aʊt ə wik ər tu əˈgoʊ ˈviə iˈmeɪl, bət hir ɪt ɪz fər ˈɛniˌwən ðət mɪst ɪt. ˈfaɪnəl ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈrubrɪk: ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ɔn 64bit*, ɑrm, ˈwɪndoʊz ðɪs kɔrs həz ˈfoʊkɪst ɪkˈsklusɪvli ɔn ˈoʊnɪŋ ˈlɪnəks ˈbaɪnəˌriz, bət haʊ dɪz ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ˈdɪfər ɔn wət əˈbaʊt ɔn ɑrm? ər ˈivɪn ɔn ə ˈdɪfərənt ɑs laɪk ˈwɪndoʊz? ðɪs ˈlɛkʧər ɪkˈsplɔrz ənd ˈkɑntræsts səm əv ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz faʊnd ɔn ðə ˈəðər ˈpɑpjələr ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧərz ənd ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈsɪstəmz wi si əraʊnd ˈjuˈɛs təˈdeɪ. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz: ɔtəˈmeɪʃən ðə fˈjuʧər əv ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən juv ˈlərnɪd haʊ ˈlɛvərɪʤ bəgz tɪ ˈbaɪnəˌriz ənd ˈbaɪˌpæs ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈmɑdərn ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃən tɛkˈnɑləʤiz sin təˈdeɪ. bət haʊ kən wi du ðiz θɪŋz ˈfæstər, ənd wɛr ɪz ðə fild goʊɪŋ? ðɪs ˈlɛkʧər tɔks ə bɪt əˈbaʊt ɛz wɛl ɛz ə fju mɔr ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ənd ədˈvænst tulz ɪn ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪti ˈrisərʧ. ɪt ɛndz ðə kɔrs wɪθ ə brif lʊk ˈɪntu ðə fˈjuʧər əv ˈbaɪnəˌri ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ənd wət tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt əv ðə fild ɪn ðə nɪr fˈjuʧər. ˈlɛkʧər slaɪdz:
|
three british lads with a thirst for adventure (as well as for booze and attention, it seems) set out last weekend in search of some fun after partying all night in cyprus.
according to the men, as of two days ago, fun was found in spades until they wound up on a boat bound for syria, hungover, terrified and without wi-fi.
"we ended up in some place called or something and literally had no idea where this place was," said alex mccormick to on tuesday, referring to syria's port city on the mediterranean coast.
mccormick, who reportedly works as a club promoter in the cypriot resort town of napa, also told the news outlet that he and his friends almost in their pants when russian military officers arrived and took them away for questioning.
as it turns out though, he was lying and not just with the "almost" part of that sentence above.
mccormick and his buddies, lewis ellis, 25, and james wallman, 23, faked the entire thing. they did not [their] way onto a random boat," spend nine hours at sea with men who shouted at them in a foreign language, or pose for selfies and eat stew with the russian soldiers who detained them.
it's not even clear at this point if the british men, who all claim to be working at nightclubs in napa, did anything but go to bed after partying on sunday night.
what is clear, based on what they're saying now, is that the guys are delighted with what their fake words and elaborately staged snapchat photos accomplished.
"we have literally the world media and we are so proud of ourselves," ellis, who runs a youtube channel devoted to pranks, told the independent on wednesday. "they report all the time and people never check the facts. as soon as they posted it that was it it went viral."
viral might be a stretch, but a solid handful of mainstream media outlets and reporters, including derek stoffel, did pick up the story, particularly in the u.k.
idiotically, idiotic brits abroad make up idiotic syria story. the laughs we had..... <a href="https://t.co/jyren317z1">https://t.co/jyren317z1</a>@jondonnisonbbc
on wednesday morning, from ellis's personal facebook page began circulating on twitter.
the university of chester marketing grad has been sharing links to news articles about the story with comments likeha" and "yesssss" since they started bubbling up, and in the comments section of one such post he appeared to admit the hoax.
"hahaha what a prank," he wrote to a friend, who replied, "so u didn't get on wrong boat?"
"naaa we just made it up for fun," typed ellis.
a separate status update on wednesday was even more blatant.
"okay so we the world agreed with alex mccormick thank you media outlets you've made great victims. james wallman just goes to show how often people report without checking facts."
(lewis ellis/facebook)
if the trio's intention was to teach journalists a lesson, it may have worked on some level for those reporters who took the time to speak with them, transcribe their words, process their images, write out full articles, and trust them enough to tell their story.
those resources could very well have been devoted to other news stories, after all like those of the more than refugees who have died since 2014 while trying to cross the very same sea that ellis, mccormick and wallman used for prank fodder.
|
θri ˈbrɪtɪʃ lædz wɪθ ə θərst fər ədˈvɛnʧər (ɛz wɛl ɛz fər buz ənd əˈtɛnʃən, ɪt simz) sɛt aʊt læst ˈwiˌkɪnd ɪn sərʧ əv səm fən ˈæftər ˈpɑrtiɪŋ ɔl naɪt ɪn ˈsaɪprəs. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə mɛn, ɛz əv tu deɪz əˈgoʊ, fən wɑz faʊnd ɪn speɪdz ənˈtɪl ðeɪ wund əp ɔn ə boʊt baʊnd fər ˈsɪriə, hungover*, ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd ənd wɪˈθaʊt ˈwaɪˌfaɪ. "wi ˈɛndɪd əp ɪn səm pleɪs kɔld ər ˈsəmθɪŋ ənd ˈlɪtərəli hæd noʊ aɪˈdiə wɛr ðɪs pleɪs wɑz," sɛd ˈæləks məˈkɔrmɪk tɪ ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ˈsɪriəz pɔrt ˈsɪti ɔn ðə ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən koʊst. məˈkɔrmɪk, hu rɪˈpɔrtədli wərks ɛz ə kləb prəˈmoʊtər ɪn ðə ˈsɪpriˌɑt rɪˈzɔrt taʊn əv ˈnæpə, ˈɔlsoʊ toʊld ðə nuz ˈaʊˌtlɛt ðət hi ənd hɪz frɛndz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪn ðɛr pænts wɪn ˈrəʃən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɔfɪsərz əraɪvd ənd tʊk ðɛm əˈweɪ fər kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ. ɛz ɪt tərnz aʊt ðoʊ, hi wɑz laɪɪŋ ənd nɑt ʤɪst wɪθ ðə "ˈɔlˌmoʊst" pɑrt əv ðət ˈsɛntəns əˈbəv. məˈkɔrmɪk ənd hɪz ˈbədiz, luɪs ˈɛlɪs, 25 ənd ʤeɪmz ˈwɔlmən, 23 feɪkt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər θɪŋ. ðeɪ dɪd nɑt [ðɛr] weɪ ˈɔntu ə ˈrændəm boʊt," spɛnd naɪn aʊərz æt si wɪθ mɛn hu ˈʃaʊtɪd æt ðɛm ɪn ə ˈfɔrən ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ər poʊz fər ˈsɛlˌfiz ənd it stu wɪθ ðə ˈrəʃən ˈsoʊlʤərz hu dɪˈteɪnd ðɛm. ɪts nɑt ˈivɪn klɪr æt ðɪs pɔɪnt ɪf ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ mɛn, hu ɔl kleɪm tɪ bi ˈwərkɪŋ æt ˈnaɪtˌkləbz ɪn ˈnæpə, dɪd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bət goʊ tɪ bɛd ˈæftər ˈpɑrtiɪŋ ɔn ˈsənˌdi naɪt. wət ɪz klɪr, beɪst ɔn wət ðɛr seɪɪŋ naʊ, ɪz ðət ðə gaɪz ər dɪˈlaɪtɪd wɪθ wət ðɛr feɪk wərdz ənd ɪˈlæbrətli steɪʤd sˈnæˌpʧæt ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əˈkɑmplɪʃt. "wi hæv ˈlɪtərəli ðə wərld ˈmidiə ənd wi ər soʊ praʊd əv ɑrˈsɛlvz," ˈɛlɪs, hu rənz ə ˈjuˌtub ˈʧænəl dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ præŋks, toʊld ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. "ðeɪ rɪˈpɔrt ɔl ðə taɪm ənd ˈpipəl ˈnɛvər ʧɛk ðə fækts. ɛz sun ɛz ðeɪ ˈpoʊstɪd ɪt ðət wɑz ɪt ɪt wɛnt ˈvaɪrəl." ˈvaɪrəl maɪt bi ə strɛʧ, bət ə ˈsɑləd ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈmidiə ˈaʊˌtlɛts ənd rɪˈpɔrtərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈdɛrɪk ˈstɑfəl, dɪd pɪk əp ðə ˈstɔri, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ðə u.k*. ˌɪdiˈɑtɪkli, ˌɪdiˈɑtɪk brɪts əˈbrɔd meɪk əp ˌɪdiˈɑtɪk ˈsɪriə ˈstɔri. ðə læfs wi hæd..... <ə href="https://t.co/jyren317z1">https://t.co/jyren317z1</a*> ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, frəm ˈɛlɪsɪz ˈpərsɪnəl ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ bɪˈgæn ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪŋ ɔn tˈwɪtər. ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈʧɛstər ˈmɑrkətɪŋ græd həz bɪn ˈʃɛrɪŋ lɪŋks tɪ nuz ˈɑrtɪkəlz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈstɔri wɪθ ˈkɑmɛnts laɪk "hahahaha*" ənd "yesssss*" sɪns ðeɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈbəbəlɪŋ əp, ənd ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts ˈsɛkʃən əv wən səʧ poʊst hi əˈpɪrd tɪ ədˈmɪt ðə hoʊks. wət ə præŋk," hi roʊt tɪ ə frɛnd, hu rɪˈplaɪd, "soʊ ju ˈdɪdənt gɪt ɔn rɔŋ boʊt?" wi ʤɪst meɪd ɪt əp fər fən," taɪpt ˈɛlɪs. ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈstætəs ˈəpˌdeɪt ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ wɑz ˈivɪn mɔr ˈbleɪtənt. "ˌoʊˈkeɪ soʊ wi ðə wərld əˈgrid wɪθ ˈæləks məˈkɔrmɪk θæŋk ju ˈmidiə ˈaʊˌtlɛts juv meɪd greɪt ˈvɪktɪmz. ʤeɪmz ˈwɔlmən ʤɪst goʊz tɪ ʃoʊ haʊ ˈɔfən ˈpipəl rɪˈpɔrt wɪˈθaʊt ˈʧɛkɪŋ fækts." (luɪs ellis/facebook*) ɪf ðə ˈtriˌoʊz ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən wɑz tɪ tiʧ ˈʤərnəlɪsts ə ˈlɛsən, ɪt meɪ hæv wərkt ɔn səm ˈlɛvəl fər ðoʊz rɪˈpɔrtərz hu tʊk ðə taɪm tɪ spik wɪθ ðɛm, trænˈskraɪb ðɛr wərdz, ˈprɔˌsɛs ðɛr ˈɪmɪʤɪz, raɪt aʊt fʊl ˈɑrtɪkəlz, ənd trəst ðɛm ɪˈnəf tɪ tɛl ðɛr ˈstɔri. ðoʊz ˈrisɔrsɪz kʊd ˈvɛri wɛl hæv bɪn dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ˈəðər nuz ˈstɔriz, ˈæftər ɔl laɪk ðoʊz əv ðə mɔr ðən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz hu hæv daɪd sɪns 2014 waɪl traɪɪŋ tɪ krɔs ðə ˈvɛri seɪm si ðət ˈɛlɪs, məˈkɔrmɪk ənd ˈwɔlmən juzd fər præŋk ˈfɑdər.
|
raja gemini sewed, danced, and her way to victory on season three of logo drag race beating out 12 other fierce and fabulous contenders on the competition show in 2011.
born amrull, the los angeles native had already made his name in hollywood as both a makeup artist for celebrity clients like tyra banks and adam lambert as well as a renowned l.a. drag performer before the drag legend rupaul crowned him the queen with the most charisma, uniqueness, nerve and talent.
since then, the chameleon has headlined drag shows at clubs across the country, while working on to his first pop single, “diamond crowned queen” and blogging at artofraja.com.
raja recently chatted with hyphen about sex, drag and what like to be your own power couple.
how did you learn about the birds and the bees?
i think my parents and i ever really had the birds and the bees talk. i basically learned it all on my own. i was very aware of sexuality at a very young age and was curious about it. there was a book that my parents owned i remember what it was called, just that it was written in the about sexuality, and it described all the medical and technical terms.
i learned about the structure of a penis and vagina, but i really know what those things meant. i knew that semen came out and babies were made! there were all these latin terms like coitus and coitus interuptus. you talk to your friends, and i think really how kids learn.
how did you feel about all of that?
i was always a little bit fearful because i really want to do this with a girl. i just kind of avoided it. i pretended that it exist, and i focused on being crazy and kooky and dressing cool and going out to clubs it was a really big distraction from the insecurities i had about sexuality.
i’m a late bloomer; i even kiss a boy or a girl until i was in college, and i was about 19. and i actually lose my complete virginity until i was 22 or 23. it was never a really big priority for me to have sex, but once i lost my virginity, it all changed! (laughs)
when did you know that you were gay?
i think known all of my life. i never looked at girls sexually or as being something that i would desire sexually. the girls that i had crushes on in high school were usually the most stylish girls in school or the coolest, most rebellious girls. those were the ones i really liked because i wanted to be that. i wanted to be a powerful girl who care and got to wear whatever she wanted and was cool.
in the season 3 finale of drag race, you said, “for the first time in my life, i can say a beautiful person. taken a long time, and been a treacherous journey.” tell me a little bit about that journey.
i started out in a very religious household and that kind of stifled me. and i went through a lot of bullying in high school. but, there was no stopping me; i dressed the way i wanted to, and i got a lot of harassment in school. then, when i discovered drag, i just jumped right into it. it was exactly what i needed. i focused my entire life, really, around that image. and i focused more on the feminine than the masculine.
but i made a lot of sacrifices. i got into some relationships with men who only loved me because i was a beautiful woman. and there were guys who date me because i was too effeminate as a male. i walked around with really long hair, tall and thin, and i just kind of looked like this marginal gender every day because i felt like i was living for the drag.
now, getting older, and embracing the fact that i have this masculine side of me how i got to the point i am at today. finally realizing who you are as a person and i think [the show] actually helped a lot of people understand that you have to be just a pageant queen, you have to follow any sort of template. you can make it individual and make it all your own.
how do you balance your two personas?
it’s really about how i pack my luggage! i usually travel with one pair of black jeans, one pair of blue jeans, some t-shirts, but gets to have the dresses and the coat and jewelry and the shoe options. really get to do that.
i am a gemini, so a duality to me. when feeling like i want to be in the public eye and i want to be around a bunch of people screaming at me and having a good time and partying, where comes in. in my actual day-to-day life, i like to be alone. i paint and i draw and starting a blog now i do a lot of things on my own. i sew, i hang out with friends. actually very simple. so there is that side of me, but again, it is all one person.
what’s your sexiest quality?
i feel fearless, and i think pretty sexy. that confidence has only come over time. come out of wisdom and experience not anything had before. i definitely feel a lot sexier now that older and in my 30s.
you have to believe that you are hot. i think what drag queens have represented over thousands of years. it just has everything to do with you being a free human being, using full expression, constantly.
lauren is a student at the berkeley graduate school of journalism.
read more in issue 27: the sex issue, available now. subscribe to hyphen or pick up a copy at a newsstand near you.
|
raja* ˈʤɛməˌni soʊd, dænst, ənd hər weɪ tɪ ˈvɪktəri ɔn ˈsizən θri əv ˈloʊgoʊ dræg reɪs ˈbitɪŋ aʊt 12 ˈəðər fɪrs ənd ˈfæbjələs kənˈtɛndərz ɔn ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ʃoʊ ɪn 2011 bɔrn amrull*, ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈneɪtɪv hæd ɔˈrɛdi meɪd hɪz neɪm ɪn ˈhɑliˌwʊd ɛz boʊθ ə ˈmeɪˌkəp ˈɑrtɪst fər səˈlɛbrɪti klaɪənts laɪk ˈtaɪrə bæŋks ənd ˈædəm ˈlæmbərt ɛz wɛl ɛz ə rɪˈnaʊnd l.a*. dræg pərˈfɔrmər ˌbiˈfɔr ðə dræg ˈlɛʤənd ruˈpɑl kraʊnd ɪm ðə kwin wɪθ ðə moʊst kərˈɪzmə, juˈniknəs, nərv ənd ˈtælənt. sɪns ðɛn, ðə kəˈmiliən həz ˈhɛˌdlaɪnd dræg ʃoʊz æt kləbz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri, waɪl ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn tɪ hɪz fərst pɑp ˈsɪŋgəl, kraʊnd queen”*” ənd ˈblɔgɪŋ æt artofraja.com*. ˈrisəntli ˈʧætɪd wɪθ ˈhaɪfən əˈbaʊt sɛks, dræg ənd wət laɪk tɪ bi jʊr oʊn paʊər ˈkəpəl. haʊ dɪd ju lərn əˈbaʊt ðə bərdz ənd ðə biz? aɪ θɪŋk maɪ ˈpɛrənts ənd aɪ ˈɛvər ˈrɪli hæd ðə bərdz ənd ðə biz tɔk. aɪ ˈbeɪsɪkli ˈlərnɪd ɪt ɔl ɔn maɪ oʊn. aɪ wɑz ˈvɛri əˈwɛr əv ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti æt ə ˈvɛri jəŋ eɪʤ ənd wɑz ˈkjʊriəs əˈbaʊt ɪt. ðɛr wɑz ə bʊk ðət maɪ ˈpɛrənts oʊnd aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər wət ɪt wɑz kɔld, ʤɪst ðət ɪt wɑz ˈrɪtən ɪn ðə əˈbaʊt ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti, ənd ɪt dɪˈskraɪbd ɔl ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ənd ˈtɛknɪkəl tərmz. aɪ ˈlərnɪd əˈbaʊt ðə ˈstrəkʧər əv ə ˈpinɪs ənd vəˈʤaɪnə, bət aɪ ˈrɪli noʊ wət ðoʊz θɪŋz mɛnt. aɪ nu ðət ˈsimən keɪm aʊt ənd ˈbeɪbiz wər meɪd! ðɛr wər ɔl ðiz ˈlætən tərmz laɪk ˈkɔɪtəs ənd ˈkɔɪtəs interuptus*. ju tɔk tɪ jʊr frɛndz, ənd aɪ θɪŋk ˈrɪli haʊ kɪdz lərn. haʊ dɪd ju fil əˈbaʊt ɔl əv ðət? aɪ wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt ˈfɪrfəl bɪˈkəz aɪ ˈrɪli wɔnt tɪ du ðɪs wɪθ ə gərl. aɪ ʤɪst kaɪnd əv əˈvɔɪdɪd ɪt. aɪ priˈtɛndɪd ðət ɪt ɪgˈzɪst, ənd aɪ ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn biɪŋ ˈkreɪzi ənd ˈkuki ənd ˈdrɛsɪŋ kul ənd goʊɪŋ aʊt tɪ kləbz ɪt wɑz ə ˈrɪli bɪg dɪˈstrækʃən frəm ðə ˌɪnsəˈkjʊrɪtiz aɪ hæd əˈbaʊt ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti. ə leɪt ˈblumər; aɪ ˈivɪn kɪs ə bɔɪ ər ə gərl ənˈtɪl aɪ wɑz ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ, ənd aɪ wɑz əˈbaʊt 19 ənd aɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli luz maɪ kəmˈplit vərˈʤɪnɪti ənˈtɪl aɪ wɑz 22 ər 23 ɪt wɑz ˈnɛvər ə ˈrɪli bɪg praɪˈɔrəti fər mi tɪ hæv sɛks, bət wəns aɪ lɔst maɪ vərˈʤɪnɪti, ɪt ɔl ʧeɪnʤd! (læfs) wɪn dɪd ju noʊ ðət ju wər geɪ? aɪ θɪŋk noʊn ɔl əv maɪ laɪf. aɪ ˈnɛvər lʊkt æt gərlz ˈsɛkʃuəli ər ɛz biɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət aɪ wʊd dɪˈzaɪər ˈsɛkʃuəli. ðə gərlz ðət aɪ hæd ˈkrəʃɪz ɔn ɪn haɪ skul wər ˈjuʒəwəli ðə moʊst ˈstaɪlɪʃ gərlz ɪn skul ər ðə ˈkuləst, moʊst rɪˈbɛljəs gərlz. ðoʊz wər ðə wənz aɪ ˈrɪli laɪkt bɪˈkəz aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bi ðət. aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bi ə ˈpaʊərfəl gərl hu kɛr ənd gɑt tɪ wɛr ˌwəˈtɛvər ʃi ˈwɔntɪd ənd wɑz kul. ɪn ðə ˈsizən 3 fəˈnæli əv dræg reɪs, ju sɛd, ðə fərst taɪm ɪn maɪ laɪf, aɪ kən seɪ ə ˈbjutəfəl ˈpərsən. ˈteɪkən ə lɔŋ taɪm, ənd bɪn ə ˈtrɛʧərəs journey.”*.” tɛl mi ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əˈbaʊt ðət ˈʤərni. aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt ɪn ə ˈvɛri rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ənd ðət kaɪnd əv ˈstaɪfəld mi. ənd aɪ wɛnt θru ə lɔt əv ˈbʊliɪŋ ɪn haɪ skul. bət, ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈstɑpɪŋ mi; aɪ drɛst ðə weɪ aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ, ənd aɪ gɑt ə lɔt əv hərˈæsmənt ɪn skul. ðɛn, wɪn aɪ dɪˈskəvərd dræg, aɪ ʤɪst ʤəmpt raɪt ˈɪntu ɪt. ɪt wɑz ɪgˈzæktli wət aɪ ˈnidɪd. aɪ ˈfoʊkɪst maɪ ɪnˈtaɪər laɪf, ˈrɪli, əraʊnd ðət ˈɪmɪʤ. ənd aɪ ˈfoʊkɪst mɔr ɔn ðə ˈfɛmənən ðən ðə ˈmæskjələn. bət aɪ meɪd ə lɔt əv ˈsækrəˌfaɪsɪz. aɪ gɑt ˈɪntu səm riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ mɛn hu ˈoʊnli ləvd mi bɪˈkəz aɪ wɑz ə ˈbjutəfəl ˈwʊmən. ənd ðɛr wər gaɪz hu deɪt mi bɪˈkəz aɪ wɑz tu iˈfɛmɪnət ɛz ə meɪl. aɪ wɔkt əraʊnd wɪθ ˈrɪli lɔŋ hɛr, tɔl ənd θɪn, ənd aɪ ʤɪst kaɪnd əv lʊkt laɪk ðɪs ˈmɑrʤənəl ˈʤɛndər ˈɛvəri deɪ bɪˈkəz aɪ fɛlt laɪk aɪ wɑz ˈlɪvɪŋ fər ðə dræg. naʊ, ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈoʊldər, ənd ɛmˈbreɪsɪŋ ðə fækt ðət aɪ hæv ðɪs ˈmæskjələn saɪd əv mi haʊ aɪ gɑt tɪ ðə pɔɪnt aɪ æm æt təˈdeɪ. ˈfaɪnəli ˈriəˌlaɪzɪŋ hu ju ər ɛz ə ˈpərsən ənd aɪ θɪŋk [ðə ʃoʊ] ˈæˌkʧuəli hɛlpt ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ju hæv tɪ bi ʤɪst ə ˈpæʤənt kwin, ju hæv tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ˈɛni sɔrt əv ˈtɛmplət. ju kən meɪk ɪt ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ənd meɪk ɪt ɔl jʊr oʊn. haʊ du ju ˈbæləns jʊr tu personas*? ˈrɪli əˈbaʊt haʊ aɪ pæk maɪ ˈləgɪʤ! aɪ ˈjuʒəwəli ˈtrævəl wɪθ wən pɛr əv blæk ʤinz, wən pɛr əv blu ʤinz, səm ˈtiˌsərts, bət gɪts tɪ hæv ðə ˈdrɛsɪz ənd ðə koʊt ənd ˈʤuəlri ənd ðə ʃu ˈɔpʃənz. ˈrɪli gɪt tɪ du ðət. aɪ æm ə ˈʤɛməˌni, soʊ ə duˈæləti tɪ mi. wɪn ˈfilɪŋ laɪk aɪ wɔnt tɪ bi ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk aɪ ənd aɪ wɔnt tɪ bi əraʊnd ə bənʧ əv ˈpipəl ˈskrimɪŋ æt mi ənd ˈhævɪŋ ə gʊd taɪm ənd ˈpɑrtiɪŋ, wɛr kəmz ɪn. ɪn maɪ ˈækʧəwəl ˈdeɪtuˌdeɪ laɪf, aɪ laɪk tɪ bi əˈloʊn. aɪ peɪnt ənd aɪ drɔ ənd ˈstɑrtɪŋ ə blɔg naʊ aɪ du ə lɔt əv θɪŋz ɔn maɪ oʊn. aɪ soʊ, aɪ hæŋ aʊt wɪθ frɛndz. ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈvɛri ˈsɪmpəl. soʊ ðɛr ɪz ðət saɪd əv mi, bət əˈgɛn, ɪt ɪz ɔl wən ˈpərsən. jʊr ˈsɛksiəst kˈwɑləti? aɪ fil ˈfɪrləs, ənd aɪ θɪŋk ˈprɪti ˈsɛksi. ðət ˈkɑnfədɛns həz ˈoʊnli kəm ˈoʊvər taɪm. kəm aʊt əv ˈwɪzdəm ənd ɪkˈspɪriəns nɑt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ hæd ˌbiˈfɔr. aɪ ˈdɛfənətli fil ə lɔt ˈsɛksiər naʊ ðət ˈoʊldər ənd ɪn maɪ 30s*. ju hæv tɪ bɪˈliv ðət ju ər hɑt. aɪ θɪŋk wət dræg kwinz hæv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ˈoʊvər ˈθaʊzənz əv jɪrz. ɪt ʤɪst həz ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ju biɪŋ ə fri ˈjumən biɪŋ, ˈjuzɪŋ fʊl ɪkˈsprɛʃən, ˈkɑnstəntli. ˈlɔrən ɪz ə ˈstudənt æt ðə ˈbərkli ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul əv ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm. rɛd mɔr ɪn ˈɪʃu 27 ðə sɛks ˈɪʃu, əˈveɪləbəl naʊ. səbˈskraɪb tɪ ˈhaɪfən ər pɪk əp ə ˈkɑpi æt ə ˈnuzˌstænd nɪr ju.
|
7. reforms
john lough
since 2014, ukraine has made remarkable progress in laying the foundations for reducing corruption in public life. corruption in ukraine is long established and deeply rooted. it remains the single biggest obstacle to successful development, creating economic inefficiencies and deterring investment. the achievements of the past three years are welcome, but to build on them and make reforms irreversible will require a further step: renewal of judiciary, an institution itself riddled with graft and a pillar of the systemic corruption that has plagued the country since independence. without a breakthrough in this area, there is a danger that the effort will lose momentum, leaving in place substantial elements of the ‘old’ system through which the elites have diverted much of national wealth for their own purposes.
recent reforms have significantly improved transparency, and have included the establishment of new agencies for investigating and prosecuting high-level officials suspected of corruption
for the purposes of this analysis, corruption is defined here as the misuse of public institutions and office to the detriment of the common good. it does not necessarily involve financial wrongdoing, but can involve this.
in contrast to previous efforts, notably after the orange revolution of, recent reforms have moved beyond rhetoric: they have significantly improved transparency, have begun to restrict the scope for corrupt practices to occur, and have included the establishment of new agencies for investigating and prosecuting high-level officials suspected of corruption. since, stalwarts of ‘old’ system have increased their resistance to these measures a sure sign that the policies are well targeted. taken together, the reforms effected so far mark an encouraging start to the process of equipping ukraine with the institutions and culture needed to discourage corrupt behaviour in government, business and wider society.
these positive changes have been bolstered by reforms in other areas. for obvious reasons of national defence, national oil and gas company,, has stopped importing russian natural gas thus suspending a trade that was the single biggest source of corruption in the economy. whether through direct gas purchases or intermediaries, was at the centre of a pernicious web of corrupt practices that widely permeated the economy and political life. on a smaller but still significant scale, changes to the procurement system at the ministry of health have begun to address corruption within the state system. ‘e-government’ initiatives encompassing state procurement tenders, business registration and tax (vat) registration as well as automatic vat reimbursement have sharply reduced direct contact between officials and businesses, in turn limiting opportunities for abuse of the system.
banking reform, meanwhile, has led to the closure of nearly half of the banks and the nationalization of privatbank, the largest bank (accounting for 37 per cent of retail deposits and of all banking assets as of december 2016). in many cases, banks were used to divert money from the state through loans never intended for repayment. seventy per cent of loans were to companies belonging to its two owners. at the same time, the concentration of wealth in the hands of a cohort of powerful businessmen is believed to have significantly declined, reducing their ability to exercise political influence. for example, akhmetov, one of leading businessmen prior to 2014, has lost control of substantial assets in the occupied territories of crimea and.
despite these achievements, from the viewpoint of justifiably impatient population, there is so far little to show for the reforms. the demands that the authorities curb corruption and put high-level behind bars remain unfulfilled. there have been no convictions of senior officials from the administration of former president viktor, despite overwhelming evidence that many oversaw the theft of public assets on an epic scale. nor have there been any convictions for the shootings that killed more than 75 protesters and police. key suspects from the ‘berkut’ elite security force have escaped to russia. justice has still not caught up with members of the armed forces and security services suspected of serving russia rather than ukraine before 2014. with the notable exception of, enterprises (soes) continue to bleed the equivalent of billions of dollars annually from the state budget through corrupt schemes.
from the viewpoint of justifiably impatient population, there is so far little to show for reforms
in some areas, new problems have appeared: for example, in 2016, the state energy regulator set wholesale electricity prices at levels domestic coal producers, in effect allowing them to receive a surcharge for their production as if they had transported it from the netherlands (i.e. using the ‘rotterdam +’ formula) even though their coal is mined in ukraine. the new agency is investigating possible abuses of power by officials at the regulator. at the same time, defence spending remains highly opaque, prompting speculation that the conflict in is justifying high levels of secrecy that benefit politically connected defence companies.
these shortcomings and the lukewarm support among the ruling elites for serious measures reinforce the widely held view in ukrainian society that corruption levels remain as high as they were before the revolution and will not change. consistent with this is transparency ranking of ukraine in joint place, out of 176 countries surveyed, in its 2016 corruption perceptions index this was down one place from in 2015, and also roughly in line with the results during the years.
however, a degree of realism must accompany these assessments. expectations of a rapid and genuine breakthrough in the fight against corruption in ukraine were always destined to be disappointed, given entrenched cultural and structural factors.
the cultural dimension includes the widely and still visible practice, inherited from the soviet era, of petty bribery (blat) dressed up as ‘thank you’ payments to doctors, teachers, local officials and the like, as well as the widespread theft of public property. in ukraine, as elsewhere in the former in the, the breakdown of public services and chronic wage arrears encouraged bribery, theft and an active shadow economy. the legacy of this is a view in society, persistent to this day, that everyone engages in some form of corruption and that it is simply a way of life.
ukraine has also inherited a structural corruption problem, the origins of which lie in the privatizations that started in the and created a set of disproportionately wealthy business owners. to protect their interests, these often brought their influence directly into government, parliament, the media and the judiciary. they quickly established networks that public institutions to work on their behalf rather than for the country itself. their associates bought their way on to parliamentary lists, both to secure immunity from prosecution and to continue to enrich themselves through privileged access to state resources.
to a greater or lesser degree, this usurpation of power or ‘state capture’ has affected the majority of countries transitioning from the soviet system to economic models. however, ukraine has been a ‘high-capture’ state in the sense that its size and regional diversity spawned a wide range of interest groups in competition with each other for influence over state enterprises and budgets.
this has placed a considerable brake on development. as the economists joel hellman and daniel kaufmann have noted, ‘state capture’ is a form of grand corruption that weakens the state and undermines its ability to provide basic public goods. the of the state in turn limits the development of politically unconnected businesses, particularly small and enterprises (smes), because of the difficulties they face in upholding property rights or enforcing legal claims. it is also a powerful disincentive for businesses to invest because of the heightened risk premium associated with politically subservient courts and a generally unpredictable legal environment. in other words, state capture benefits those who do the capturing but distorts the economy as a whole and impairs national development. ukraine provides a perfect case study of these problems. corruption on a grand scale has not only cost the citizens dearly over more than 20 years, but has cemented in place a system that is impossible to dislodge without deep changes to the operating environment.
ukraine suffers from an inherited legal system and law enforcement structures that were originally designed to uphold the authority of the government rather than the rule of law
ukraine also suffers from a problem common in transition countries that have inherited legal systems and law enforcement structures originally designed to uphold the authority of the government rather than the rule of law. in most such countries, these structures have proved highly resistant to change. in case, the judiciary is accustomed to being politically dependent and the prosecutor office (pgo) to having levels of influence not associated with a prosecutorial service in a developed democracy. in a system of this kind, the can easily become a tool used for selective application of the law.
these factors, taken together, explain how the ‘old’ system in ukraine has proved so resilient, and how it continues to resist the introduction of foreign concepts associated with preventing corruption and investigating misconduct. the removed and his associates from power and put an end to their attempts to centralize control of the assets, but it did not break the underlying system. instead, elements of ‘deep state’ have regrouped with the clear goal of blocking or diluting reforms that threaten their interests. president petro lack of commitment to establishing an independent judiciary and overhauling the even though it is his responsibility to oversee reforms in both institutions offers a striking example of the difficulties of reforms.
anti-corruption policy is thus a battleground pitting, broadly speaking, ‘reformist’ forces against the inherited system. the real impetus for reforms has come not from the government but from a small group of progressive government officials and members of parliament (mps), and from an emboldened set of civil society organizations (csos) that carry the moral banner of the. backed by the strong desire among ukrainians for action to rein in high-level corruption, and supported by assistance from western governments, were the driving force behind the 2014 law and its implementation. this move created two new agencies and featured an unprecedented effort to improve transparency and change cultural attitudes towards corruption in public service.
at the same time, representatives of the ‘old’ system in the government including the security service, parliament, the and the judiciary have been fighting hard to limit the scope of these measures. allied with elements of big business, these groups remain a powerful force with potentially much to lose and significant capacity to hinder reforms.
anti-corruption efforts: the starting point
to assess progress in tackling corruption over the past years, it is important to consider the starting point for reforms. society in ukraine became angry at the excessive self-enrichment of and his associates after the presidential election in 2010, and demanded justice for the perpetrators and action to limit corruption. paradoxically, sociological research since the has shown continued high acceptance of corruption in daily life, and a willingness to engage in such practices to solve problems. according to the research data, over 65 per cent of ukrainians across all age groups believe that corruption is a fundamental part of the ukrainian mentality.
a further problem given the wide extent of corruption in the police, the healthcare system and the education sector, where salaries are very low is that the number of beneficiaries of illegal payments remains very large. in many cases, this extra cash is vital for supporting families and extended communities. the result is that there is little appetite in these parts of society for a war on petty corruption. the expectation instead is that the state should stamp out excessive high-level corruption. for reformers, this poses a dilemma: tackling low-level corruption is easier than trying to eradicate high-level graft, yet this risks being socially disruptive if not accompanied by salary increases for poorly paid workers. at the same time, the lack of progress in addressing entrenched high-level corruption increases social discontent and support for populist forces.
a ukrainian government diagnostic study of high-level corruption, prepared with the assistance of the in 2014, put in sharp relief the problems for reformers. it noted the ‘pyramidal’ nature of state capture permeating the government system, featuring ‘powerful well-known elites at the top, heads of agencies in the middle and agency staff at the base’. the report described how these groups were able to control appointments in the public sector, ensure the application of regulations in line with their interests, and restrict public access to information.
analysing the structure of corruption, the study also noted ‘a strong view that corrupt public officials often work in concert across public agencies to intimidate, harass to conduct corporate raiding and to extract bribes’. among the agencies perceived as most corrupt, it singled out the tax administration, the police, the, the state enforcement service and the judiciary. among the courts, it identified the commercial courts as the worst offenders.
it is clear that the fusion of money and power since independence in 1991 transformed the role of law enforcement institutions, so that their original task of protecting the soviet system from within became one of supporting criminal activity by the new economic and political elites. organized crime became synonymous with the functioning of the state.
this pattern extended into the judiciary, as external influence over the appointment of judges became prevalent. in some cases, positions were offered for sale by those involved in state capture. representatives of such interest groups also sold prosecutorial appointments and other roles in the state system.
although other transition countries in the region have encountered similar problems, there is no precedent for managing them in a country as large as ukraine. at regional level, organized crime is deeply enmeshed with political and business interests, encouraging politicians and businesspeople to buy influence in that can help them to assert control locally. a regional prosecutor through close cooperation with the chairman of the regional court and the chief of regional police is often the real source of power at regional level, rather than the regional governor.
as in other former soviet states, offers government officials rich opportunities for predatory behaviour. business licensing requirements, for example, are often excessively onerous; enforcement is selective because no company can meet all the requirements. this ensures that an official can invariably find a reason to spot a regulatory violation and impose a fine or order an investigation. small businesses have long suffered an endless procession of visits by officials, from sanitary inspectors to agents from the tax police, seeking to extort money. in the absence of a judicial system in which they can defend their rights, there is little they can do to prevent such abuses.
results achieved
increased transparency
the adoption by the rada of the strategy for in october 2014 marked a breakthrough in efforts to address corruption. heavily influenced by civil society and georgian reformers recruited into government, the document outlined an approach for preventing corruption in several areas, including the public sector, public procurement and the judiciary. it placed heavy emphasis on raising transparency in government and developing new law enforcement institutions. however, the strategy has faced criticism for its lack of clear performance indicators or coordination with reforms in areas such as healthcare and decentralization.
a battle for control of the new body responsible for developing and managing programmes, the national agency for prevention of corruption (napc), established a pattern of contest over the pace and depth of the reforms involving, on the one hand, the government and parliament and, on the other, reformers, and international donors. the is effectively a branch of government that reports to the cabinet of ministers.
as a tool for exposing enrichment among officials, system is without parallel in the countries of the former soviet union
after considerable and signs of political interference, the in september 2016 launched an ‘e-declaration’ system for the assets of officials. the system initially required senior officials in government, including the president and prime minister, to disclose their income and assets and those of their family members. the results generated outrage among the public. the level of cash holdings of officials surpassed all expectations, totalling 26 billion (around $946 million). based on the declarations, the news agency reuters estimated that 24 members of the cabinet held nearly $7 million just in cash. prime minister declared $1.2 million and in cash, as well as a collection of luxury watches. the head of the tax service, roman nasirov, reported that he held $2 million in cash. around 30 judges with annual salaries ranging from $10,000 to $13,000 owned porsches, and many declared large cash deposits.
as a tool for exposing enrichment among officials, system is without parallel in the countries of the former soviet union. those required to fill outs must also register within 10 days any income or acquisition of property of a value in excess of 50 months’ wages as of 1 january 2017). in the view of the un development programme, which provided technical and financial support, the new is far from perfect but represents a major improvement on previous paper versions.
to little surprise, attempts to roll back the scale of the system came quickly: in november 2016, a caucus of 48 filed a claim with the constitutional court arguing that compelling officials to publicize details about the assets of family members was unconstitutional. the resistance continued in march 2017 when president signed into law controversial requirements for campaigning organizations themselves to submits. this suggests that parts of the ukraine elite are deeply uncomfortable with the new system of asset disclosures, viewing it as a measure that they can neither ignore nor respond to dishonestly. to this extent, reformers have scored a significant victory. on the other hand, anecdotal evidence indicates that even some officials supportive of the effort think the system too intrusive, and thus counterproductive for efforts to elicit cooperation from public officials.
despite the initial success of thes, the was heavily criticized by civil society and international donors for attempting to delay the process and prevent the timely checking of data, needed for potential criminal investigations by the newly formed agency for investigating high-level official corruption, the national bureau of ukraine (nabu). there are strong indications that the’s work is vulnerable to interference from lobbies in government and parliament that wish to restrict its activities. there is little doubt that the system would have remained on the drawing board for much longer had it not been for pressure from the and others. the has also attracted ridicule for its attempts to investigate suspicions of fraud on apparently trivial grounds against individuals such as leshchenko, an and prominent campaigner, and marushevska, the former head of region customs. the latter faced investigation over a bonus equivalent to $18 that she had allegedly awarded herself.
within two months of the filing of thes, the had started 13 criminal investigations into the financial affairs of, judges and prosecutors. a further 2 million officials fileds in the spring of 2017. while the scale of the effort is laudable, it is not clear how the ukrainian authorities will be able to screen, let alone act on, such a vast volume of information. nonetheless, the process marks a turning point in terms of increasing accountability and establishing a culture of openness from which officials cannot hide.
the widely praised platform has placed government tendering online, ending the old practice of rigged auctions
achievements in raising transparency have been notable in four further areas. the first is public procurement. the widely praised platform (see chapter 6, in particular) has placed government tendering online, ending the old practice of rigged auctions. prime minister has estimated that in 2016 the system saved the state budget 8 billion.
the second is a new law on the financing of political parties, which came into effect in 2016. it requires parties to disclose their revenue sources and file quarterly reports, which should be publicly available. the law also provides for public financing of political parties, in an effort to limit the influence of business groups that might seek influence through representation in parliament.
third, the law ‘on open use of public funds’, adopted in february 2015, requires all government bodies, including, to publish online their budgets and details of their spending. although only 20 per cent of eligible organizations had published the required information by the end of 2016, the law marks a significant step towards public oversight of government spending. it also lends itself to integration with the wider decentralization reforms seeking to bring decision-making in government closer to citizens. however, large numbers of argue that they are not obliged to report to the public, and in any case the fines for non-compliance are tiny.
the fourth achievement is a law on public information in open data formats, which obliges all government organizations to make their available on the web portal. ukraine also requires all legal entities to disclose their beneficial ownership in the government business registry.
new law enforcement bodies
civil society and foreign donors strongly backed the creation of the and the specialized office (sapo), an independent entity within the. formed in 2015 with staff appointed in an openly competitive process and paid significantly more than the average government wage for their positions the two new structures represent an effort to establish ‘clean’ agencies that can investigate and prosecute high-level corruption without political interference. in september 2016, nazar, the prosecutor, announced that his office was indicting an average of four top officials a month. however, he did not mention any successful convictions. the independence is open to question given the widely held view in ukraine that the top leadership only pays lip service to fighting corruption and is prepared to sabotage investigations where necessary. reports to the prosecutor general, although the is housed in a separate building.
the reported in september 2017 that it had 398 cases under investigation, involving the loss of 87 billion in state funds and resulting in 131 indictments. there are signs that the has started with cases involving suspects at lower levels of seniority, but that it is extending its investigations to those at higher levels. the arrest of the head of the tax service in march 2017 marked a watershed (he has denied the allegations against him, which he complains are politically motivated, and has been released on bail). this was followed shortly afterwards by the arrest and subsequent release (without bail) of martynenko, reportedly the main sponsor of one of the ruling coalition parties, who remains under investigation. the had not previously acted against an individual of ministerial level.
the also reported in september 2017 that of the 86 cases sent to the courts by the, only 17 had resulted in convictions. one-third of its cases were still waiting to be heard.
not surprisingly, the agency has come in for criticism for failing to produce faster results, and there have been orchestrated attacks on its reputation and the leadership of its director, sytnyk. however, foreign donors’ commitment to the’s success has helped it to withstand attacks by detractors who appear to have much to lose from its power to investigate. it has also, at times, found itself in a turf war with the and the security service of ukraine (sbu). reliance on the for during investigations is widely seen as a factor seriously inhibiting the effectiveness, because of the danger that information about surveillance targets will be leaked.
box 3: new agencies
three new bodies were established in to implement state policy:
national agency for prevention of corruption (napc)
the is responsible for developing and implementing the strategy. one of its main tasks is verifying the asset declarations of state and local government officials. it is also responsible for enforcing rules on political party financing, including the use of support that is provided to political parties.
national bureau of ukraine (nabu)
the is responsible for investigating corruption committed by senior officials, members of parliament, judges and managers of large enterprises. it operates independently of the prosecutor office (pgo). the’s director was selected in an open competition with the involvement of civil society. with the exception of its first deputy and deputy directors, all positions are filled by open competition.
specialized office (sapo)
the is an independent of the. the oversees the’s investigations to ensure that they are legally compliant, and determines whether there is sufficient evidence for the state to prosecute. all prosecutors’ appointments are made by open competition.
at the time of writing, two other new institutions are in the process of being established. one is the state bureau of investigation (sbi), which will assume most of the’s investigative functions for serious crimes, including corruption, but with the’s role preserved for investigating corruption by high-level officials. the will also be responsible for investigating crimes committed by and representatives, as well as military crimes. the other new institution is the asset management and recovery office (amro), tasked with managing seized property and tracing assets acquired by corrupt means, including those laundered abroad. both are due to become operational before the end of 2017. a dispute about the selection procedure for the has delayed its formation. the proposed selection panel was drawn heavily from interests connected with the two main parties in the ruling coalition, and did not include any representatives.
the framework law ‘on judiciary and status of judges’, passed in june 2016, foresees the establishment of a third institution: a high court. however, the formation awaits the enactment of an additional specialized law, albeit without a deadline. civil society groups are pushing hard for the establishment of this new court, which is expected to have national jurisdiction to try cases brought by the. a key requirement is that it should have impartial judges free from political interference.
setbacks have continued, however. in 2016, it became clear that courts were blocking efforts to address high-level corruption, and that the delays risked undermining the credibility of the and the. as, one of top specialists on judicial reform, has noted, the new framework law provides for a court but not a special court of appeal. this raises serious questions about how to prevent appeals against decisions in the new court passing back into the regular and, so far, court system. one option, as argues, is to create an panel in the new supreme court as the court for high-level corruption cases.
in july 2017, the appeared to accept the arguments of opponents of a separate court. the president of theropean commission, juncker, stated during a visit to that the establishment of an chamber within the existing judicial system would be sufficient. the and ngos contest this view.
the next challenge: judicial reform
since 2014, the pace of reform has substantially outstripped that of judicial reform. the continued slow progress in establishing competently staffed courts free from interference threatens to undermine the entire effort.
in the world justice rule of law index 2016, ukraine ranked out of 113 countries for adherence to the rule of law. in the same year, it ranked out of 105 countries for judicial independence in the index of public integrity, an-supported project. a 2017 poll of public attitudes towards institutions indicated that fewer than 6 per cent of respondents had any trust in the courts. in the autumn of 2014, a judicial reform council was established as a consultative body reporting to the president. judicial reform began with a presidential decree in 2015, and in june 2016 the rada adopted important constitutional amendments concerning the judiciary and the of judges. however, the overall process of renewal was put in the hands of the judiciary itself, to little effect. judges’ salaries are being raised significantly, although not all legal experts in ukraine believe low salaries to be the reason for corruption. at the same time, their immunity from prosecution, which used to be unconditional, is now only partial. a new law has established a high council of justice. to limit political influence, the law provides for the ukrainian president to appoint senior judges on the recommendation of the council, but does not give him or her the right to reject its nominees. only the council can dismiss judges. senior judges will be appointed for an initial term of five years. after this, they must submit to a of their qualifications and integrity; only based on this result can they then be appointed for an indefinite term. however, many apparently corrupt judges have been reappointed. moreover, the change in the law resulted in many court presidents being for a third or even fourth time, despite the prohibition on their holding office for more than two consecutive terms. meanwhile, more than judges have retired early, many of them potentially in order to avoid submitting online wealth declarations.
a 2017 poll of public attitudes towards institutions indicated that fewer than 6 per cent of respondents had any trust in the courts
an entirely new supreme court is being set up. it will replace three specialized courts and the current supreme court, and will thus reduce four levels of justice to three. obtaining a final judgment in a case should become quicker as a result. in, under the auspices of the high qualification commission of judges (hqcj), over applicants competed for selection on to a of 120 candidates to fill at least 65 supreme court positions. the candidates were screened by the public integrity council (pic), which includes members of authoritative. although parts of the process were remarkably transparent, others were less so. it is hardly encouraging that numerous sitting judges failed the examination set, even though the questions were published in advance. activists reported in july that over 70 per cent of the recommendations had been ignored. however, the later said that 80 per cent of those who received negative assessments from the pic did not make it to the final stage (the high council of justice nominated 111 candidates for appointment to the supreme court on 29 september 2017 25 of the appointees had been rejected by the pic). the lower tiers of judges will have to take similar tests as part of their. it is estimated that the of appeal judges, with whom many cases will end up, could take three years.
the likelihood remains that, at best, ukraine will create a more efficient supreme court, but one only marginally less politically dependent than its predecessor
no country has embarked on a judicial renewal process on this scale, and with sustained political will on the part of the authorities and foreign donors, backed by continued pressure from civil society, it should be possible to make progress. however, resistance from vested interests remains strong, and the likelihood remains that, at best, ukraine will create a more efficient supreme court, but one only marginally less politically dependent than its predecessor. challenge is to develop a new generation of judges with a culture of independence and objectivity. inevitably, this will be a long-term project.
in the, reform is also progressing slowly, with a new cadre of prosecutors needed. in 2015, more than external candidates applied for 155 positions as heads of local courts. not one was successful. the institution is widely regarded as the last bastion of vested interests, and it is significant that the president nominates the candidate for prosecutor general. in a first step, the has established an inspectorate general, whose head was appointed with input from civil society, to start weeding out corrupt officials within its own ranks. however, the remains a largely institution and has retained powers, inherited from soviet days, of both investigation and procedural oversight of cases. these powers make it easier to bring cases to court because the organization deciding whether there is a realistic prospect of conviction is the same one carrying out the investigation. the ability to politicize an investigation and then pass it to a compliant judiciary is a recipe for the corrupt practices of those in power. while the investigative functions of the are due to pass to the new, there are signs that the’s protectors in government and parliament wish to slow down the process.
conclusions
under internal and external pressure mainly from reformist forces in civil society and parliament on the one hand, and from the and on the other ukraine has taken its first serious steps since independence to address high-level corruption. these achievements are considerable, indeed remarkable, by the standards of reforms over the years before the. however, they are far from sufficient to anchor in place over the long term the institutions and practices required to reduce corruption significantly.
to make further progress, ukraine must demonstrate results by ensuring the convictions of high-level figures previously regarded as untouchable. it must develop as its top priority an independent judiciary. the establishment of courts, or an chamber, staffed with judges who have undergone a rigorous selection process (also involving and foreign specialists) would provide a way to achieve rapid results, and could serve as a prototype that reformers could replicate and extend across the judicial system. progress so far on judicial reform has been limited and could take years to reach the appeal courts and courts. the desire for has coincided with the desire of the presidential administration (the government body responsible for judicial reform) to retain influence over the courts. the formation of a new supreme court, the expected influx of a new generation of judges to replace the large numbers who have left the profession since 2014, and the requirement for judges to declare their assets and income nevertheless hold promise that the culture of the judiciary may start to change and that it will adopt higher professional standards.
in addition, the remaining parts of the criminal justice system are in urgent need of overhaul. any further deceleration of judicial reform, if accompanied by delays to efforts to scale back the functions of the, is likely to leave the and the politically isolated and at risk of losing credibility with the public. the ukrainian public urgently needs to see criminal convictions. to consolidate progress, and international donors will need to stand their ground. the politically active part of ukrainian society will need to remain mobilized against the ‘old’ efforts to retain power, and will need to challenge the efforts to allow only partial ‘europeanization’ of institutions.
further progress in reducing corruption will ultimately depend on the interaction of several factors. to begin with, it will be essential to maintain the momentum for preventing and deterring corruption by strengthening the culture of transparency and prosecuting those who have defrauded the state. to do this will require, as noted above, the establishment of courts or, at the least, a new part of the judicial system competently staffed and free from external interference. the security of judges and will need serious consideration.
at the same time, the overhaul of the law enforcement agencies needs to continue. the culture of the and the will have to be gradually transplanted into the new investigations agency, the, and eventually into an entirely revamped shorn of its investigative functions and resistant to political interference. police reform must continue along the lines that led to the creation of the patrol police. this will require establishing a new ethos within the police service and raising salaries.
clearly, parts of this agenda will depend on successful civil service reform and the development of a new culture within public administration. this will not be possible without raising salaries, in order to reduce the necessity for officials to extract bribes. reforms must extend to the healthcare and education sectors, where corrupt practices are the norm. improvement in these sectors is particularly important for the credibility of the agenda because health and education professionals have the most frequent contact with the public.
properly conducted privatization of as well as deregulation and simplification of the business environment will further reduce the space for corruption, and will contribute significantly to the ease of doing business. business, for its part, must improve corporate governance and increase transparency. this is particularly necessary in companies, which stand to benefit from the appointment of foreign non-executive directors.
the biggest unknown in this process is the future development of ‘deep state’, the powerful interests that captured so much of its politics, government machinery and economic life before 2014. bloodied and weakened by, it has retreated and partially regrouped. its economic model is no longer sustainable, and logic dictates that the development of a larger and more powerful lobby of will cause its influence to diminish further. the prospect of new political parties appearing that are not business projects, and that genuinely connect society with its representatives, has the potential to further empower democracy, transforming the political process and the conduct of government.
for the moment, the effort is at an embryonic stage. it could be slowed down or partially reversed. the deeper the reforms start to penetrate, the more resistance they are likely to encounter, making it essential that civil society remains engaged and that foreign donors continue to apply conditionality to their support of the government.
the results of reforms in romania and bulgaria provide two contrasting examples that reformers should consider
the results of reforms in romania and bulgaria provide two contrasting examples that reformers should consider. in romania, following the collapse of communism, it took more than 22 years for the authorities to imprison the first senior government official for a corruption offence. since that time, the picture has improved: the romanian agency has energetically pursued hundreds of high-level officials, many of whom have gone to jail. yet resistance within the system remains, and as the demonstrations of early 2017 showed, romanian society remains deeply dissatisfied with the ruling attempts to insulate itself from investigations. by contrast, the situation in bulgaria is far bleaker. powerful economic interests, allied with organized crime, have strangled efforts to reduce corruption, deterring investment and slowing economic growth. the speed and effectiveness of reforms in the in estonia, as compared with the much less successful efforts in latvia, also provide important lessons that are applicable to ukraine.
ukraine does not have the luxury of time. without a perceptible breakthrough in reducing corruption, investors will continue to stay away, social discontent will rise, and the country risks becoming politically and economically unstable. with political will, reforms need not be a task and can make this scenario avoidable.
|
7 rɪˈfɔrmz ʤɑn laʊ sɪns 2014 juˈkreɪn həz meɪd rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn leɪɪŋ ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃənz fər rɪˈdusɪŋ kərˈəpʃən ɪn ˈpəblɪk laɪf. kərˈəpʃən ɪn juˈkreɪn ɪz lɔŋ ɪˈstæblɪʃt ənd ˈdipli ˈrutɪd. ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz ðə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈbɪgəst ˈɑbstəkəl tɪ səkˈsɛsfəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt, kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənsiz ənd dɪˈtərɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt. ðə əˈʧivmənts əv ðə pæst θri jɪrz ər ˈwɛlkəm, bət tɪ bɪld ɔn ðɛm ənd meɪk rɪˈfɔrmz ˌɪrɪˈvərsəbəl wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər ə ˈfərðər stɛp: rɪˈnuəl əv ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri, ən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈrɪdəld wɪθ græft ənd ə ˈpɪlər əv ðə sɪˈstɛmɪk kərˈəpʃən ðət həz pleɪgd ðə ˈkəntri sɪns ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns. wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈbreɪkθˌru ɪn ðɪs ˈɛriə, ðɛr ɪz ə ˈdeɪnʤər ðət ðə ˈɛfərt wɪl luz moʊˈmɛntəm, ˈlivɪŋ ɪn pleɪs səbˈstænʃəl ˈɛləmənts əv ðə ‘‘old’*’ ˈsɪstəm θru wɪʧ ðə ɪˈlits hæv dɪˈvərtɪd məʧ əv ˈnæʃənəl wɛlθ fər ðɛr oʊn ˈpərpəsɪz. ˈrisənt rɪˈfɔrmz hæv sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˌɪmˈpruvd trænˈspɛrənsi, ənd hæv ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv nu ˈeɪʤənsiz fər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ənd ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪŋ ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl əˈfɪʃəlz səˈspɛktɪd əv kərˈəpʃən fər ðə ˈpərpəsɪz əv ðɪs æˈnælɪsɪs, kərˈəpʃən ɪz dɪˈfaɪnd hir ɛz ðə mɪsˈjuz əv ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ənd ˈɔfəs tɪ ðə ˈdɛtrəmənt əv ðə ˈkɑmən gʊd. ɪt dɪz nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈrɔŋduɪŋ, bət kən ˌɪnˈvɑlv ðɪs. ɪn ˈkɑntræst tɪ ˈpriviəs ˈɛfərts, ˈnoʊtəbli ˈæftər ðə ˈɔrɪnʤ ˌrɛvəˈluʃən əv ˈrisənt rɪˈfɔrmz hæv muvd bɪɔnd ˈrɛtərɪk: ðeɪ hæv sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˌɪmˈpruvd trænˈspɛrənsi, hæv ˈbeɪgən tɪ riˈstrɪkt ðə skoʊp fər kərəpt ˈpræktɪsɪz tɪ əˈkər, ənd hæv ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv nu ˈeɪʤənsiz fər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ənd ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪŋ ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl əˈfɪʃəlz səˈspɛktɪd əv kərˈəpʃən. sɪns ˈstɔlwərts əv ‘‘old’*’ ˈsɪstəm hæv ˌɪnˈkrist ðɛr rɪˈzɪstəns tɪ ðiz ˈmɛʒərz ə ʃʊr saɪn ðət ðə ˈpɑləsiz ər wɛl ˈtɑrgətɪd. ˈteɪkən təˈgɛðər, ðə rɪˈfɔrmz ˈifɛktɪd soʊ fɑr mɑrk ən ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ stɑrt tɪ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ɪkˈwɪpɪŋ juˈkreɪn wɪθ ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ənd ˈkəlʧər ˈnidɪd tɪ dɪˈskərɪʤ kərəpt bɪˈheɪvjər ɪn ˈgəvərnmənt, ˈbɪznɪs ənd ˈwaɪdər soʊˈsaɪɪti. ðiz ˈpɑzətɪv ˈʧeɪnʤɪz hæv bɪn ˈboʊlstərd baɪ rɪˈfɔrmz ɪn ˈəðər ˈɛriəz. fər ˈɑbviəs ˈrizənz əv ˈnæʃənəl dɪˈfɛns, ˈnæʃənəl ɔɪl ənd gæs ˈkəmpəˌni,, həz stɑpt ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈrəʃən ˈnæʧərəl gæs ðəs səˈspɛndɪŋ ə treɪd ðət wɑz ðə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈbɪgəst sɔrs əv kərˈəpʃən ɪn ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. ˈwɛðər θru dɪˈrɛkt gæs ˈpərʧəsɪz ər ˌɪnərˈmidiˌɛriz, wɑz æt ðə ˈsɛntər əv ə pərˈnɪʃəs wɛb əv kərəpt ˈpræktɪsɪz ðət ˈwaɪdli ˈpərmiˌeɪtɪd ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl laɪf. ɔn ə sˈmɔlər bət stɪl sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt skeɪl, ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə proʊˈkjʊrmənt ˈsɪstəm æt ðə ˈmɪnɪstri əv hɛlθ hæv ˈbeɪgən tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs kərˈəpʃən wɪˈθɪn ðə steɪt ˈsɪstəm. ‘‘e-government’*’ ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz ɛnˈkəmpəsɪŋ steɪt proʊˈkjʊrmənt ˈtɛndərz, ˈbɪznɪs ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ənd tæks (væt) ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌɔtəˈmætɪk væt ˌriɪmˈbərsmənt hæv ˈʃɑrpli rɪˈdust dɪˈrɛkt ˈkɑnˌtækt bɪtˈwin əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ˈbɪznɪsɪz, ɪn tərn ˈlɪmətɪŋ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər əˈbjuz əv ðə ˈsɪstəm. ˈbæŋkɪŋ rɪˈfɔrm, ˈminˌwaɪl, həz lɛd tɪ ðə ˈkloʊʒər əv ˈnɪrli hæf əv ðə bæŋks ənd ðə ˌnæʃənələˈzeɪʃən əv privatbank*, ðə ˈlɑrʤəst bæŋk (əˈkaʊnɪŋ fər 37 pər sɛnt əv ˈriˌteɪl dɪˈpɑzəts ənd əv ɔl ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈæˌsɛts ɛz əv dɪˈsɛmbər 2016 ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz, bæŋks wər juzd tɪ dɪˈvərt ˈməni frəm ðə steɪt θru loʊnz ˈnɛvər ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd fər riˈpeɪmənt. ˈsɛvənti pər sɛnt əv loʊnz wər tɪ ˈkəmpəˌniz bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ ɪts tu ˈoʊnərz. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ðə ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv wɛlθ ɪn ðə hænz əv ə ˈkoʊhɔrt əv ˈpaʊərfəl ˈbɪznɪsˌmɛn ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ hæv sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli dɪˈklaɪnd, rɪˈdusɪŋ ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈɪnfluəns. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, akhmetov*, wən əv ˈlidɪŋ ˈbɪznɪsˌmɛn praɪər tɪ 2014 həz lɔst kənˈtroʊl əv səbˈstænʃəl ˈæˌsɛts ɪn ðə ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz əv kraɪˈmiə ənd. dɪˈspaɪt ðiz əˈʧivmənts, frəm ðə vˈjuˌpɔɪnt əv ˈʤəstəˌfaɪəbli ˌɪmˈpeɪʃənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, ðɛr ɪz soʊ fɑr ˈlɪtəl tɪ ʃoʊ fər ðə rɪˈfɔrmz. ðə dɪˈmændz ðət ðə əˈθɔrətiz kərb kərˈəpʃən ənd pʊt ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl bɪˈhaɪnd bɑrz rɪˈmeɪn ˌənfʊlˈfɪld. ðɛr hæv bɪn noʊ kənˈvɪkʃənz əv ˈsinjər əˈfɪʃəlz frəm ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əv ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈvɪktər, dɪˈspaɪt ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ ˈɛvədəns ðət ˈmɛni ˈoʊvərˌsɔ ðə θɛft əv ˈpəblɪk ˈæˌsɛts ɔn ən ˈɛpɪk skeɪl. nɔr hæv ðɛr bɪn ˈɛni kənˈvɪkʃənz fər ðə ˈʃutɪŋz ðət kɪld mɔr ðən 75 ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ənd pəˈlis. ki ˈsəˌspɛkts frəm ðə ‘‘berkut’*’ ɪˈlit sɪˈkjʊrəti fɔrs hæv ɪˈskeɪpt tɪ ˈrəʃə. ˈʤəstɪs həz stɪl nɑt kɔt əp wɪθ ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈsərvɪsɪz səˈspɛktɪd əv ˈsərvɪŋ ˈrəʃə ˈrəðər ðən juˈkreɪn ˌbiˈfɔr 2014 wɪθ ðə ˈnoʊtəbəl ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv, ˈɛnərˌpraɪzɪz (soes*) kənˈtɪnju tɪ blid ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv ˈbɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz ˈænjuəli frəm ðə steɪt ˈbəʤɪt θru kərəpt skimz. frəm ðə vˈjuˌpɔɪnt əv ˈʤəstəˌfaɪəbli ˌɪmˈpeɪʃənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən, ðɛr ɪz soʊ fɑr ˈlɪtəl tɪ ʃoʊ fər rɪˈfɔrmz ɪn səm ˈɛriəz, nu ˈprɑbləmz hæv əˈpɪrd: fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪn 2016 ðə steɪt ˈɛnərʤi ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər sɛt ˈhoʊlˌseɪl ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti ˈpraɪsɪz æt ˈlɛvəlz dəˈmɛstɪk koʊl prəˈdusərz, ɪn ˈifɛkt əˈlaʊɪŋ ðɛm tɪ rɪˈsiv ə ˈsərˌʧɑrʤ fər ðɛr pərˈdəkʃən ɛz ɪf ðeɪ hæd trænˈspɔrtəd ɪt frəm ðə ˈnɛðərləndz (i.e*. ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈfɔrmjələ) ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðɛr koʊl ɪz maɪnd ɪn juˈkreɪn. ðə nu ˈeɪʤənsi ɪz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ˈpɑsəbəl əˈbjuzɪz əv paʊər baɪ əˈfɪʃəlz æt ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, dɪˈfɛns ˈspɛndɪŋ rɪˈmeɪnz ˈhaɪli oʊˈpeɪk, ˈprɑmptɪŋ ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən ðət ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt ɪn ɪz ˈʤəstəˌfaɪɪŋ haɪ ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈsikrəsi ðət ˈbɛnəfɪt ˈplɪtɪkli kəˈnɛktɪd dɪˈfɛns ˈkəmpəˌniz. ðiz ˈʃɔrtˌkəmɪŋz ənd ðə ˈlukˈwɔrm səˈpɔrt əˈməŋ ðə ˈrulɪŋ ɪˈlits fər ˈsɪriəs ˈmɛʒərz ˌriɪnˈfɔrs ðə ˈwaɪdli hɛld vju ɪn juˈkreɪniən soʊˈsaɪɪti ðət kərˈəpʃən ˈlɛvəlz rɪˈmeɪn ɛz haɪ ɛz ðeɪ wər ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ənd wɪl nɑt ʧeɪnʤ. kənˈsɪstənt wɪθ ðɪs ɪz trænˈspɛrənsi ˈræŋkɪŋ əv juˈkreɪn ɪn ʤɔɪnt pleɪs, aʊt əv 176 ˈkəntriz ˈsərˌveɪd, ɪn ɪts 2016 kərˈəpʃən pərˈsɛpʃənz ˈɪndɛks ðɪs wɑz daʊn wən pleɪs frəm ɪn 2015 ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈrəfli ɪn laɪn wɪθ ðə rɪˈzəlts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə jɪrz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə dɪˈgri əv ˈriəlɪzm məst əˈkəmpəni ðiz əˈsɛsmənts. ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz əv ə ˈræpɪd ənd ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˈbreɪkθˌru ɪn ðə faɪt əˈgɛnst kərˈəpʃən ɪn juˈkreɪn wər ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈdɛstɪnd tɪ bi ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd, ˈgɪvɪn ɪnˈtrɛnʧt ˈkəlʧərəl ənd ˈstrəkʧərəl ˈfæktərz. ðə ˈkəlʧərəl dɪˈmɛnʃən ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˈwaɪdli ənd stɪl ˈvɪzəbəl ˈpræktɪs, ˌɪnˈhɛrətɪd frəm ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈɪrə, əv ˈpɛˌti ˈbraɪbəri (blat*) drɛst əp ɛz you’*’ ˈpeɪmənts tɪ ˈdɑktərz, ˈtiʧərz, ˈloʊkəl əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ðə laɪk, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd θɛft əv ˈpəblɪk ˈprɑpərti. ɪn juˈkreɪn, ɛz ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ðə ˈfɔrmər ɪn ðə, ðə ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn əv ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvɪsɪz ənd ˈkrɑnɪk weɪʤ ərɪrz ɪnˈkərəʤd ˈbraɪbəri, θɛft ənd ən ˈæktɪv ˈʃæˌdoʊ ɪˈkɑnəmi. ðə ˈlɛgəsi əv ðɪs ɪz ə vju ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti, pərˈsɪstənt tɪ ðɪs deɪ, ðət ˈɛvriˌwən ɪnˈgeɪʤɪz ɪn səm fɔrm əv kərˈəpʃən ənd ðət ɪt ɪz ˈsɪmpli ə weɪ əv laɪf. juˈkreɪn həz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈhɛrətɪd ə ˈstrəkʧərəl kərˈəpʃən ˈprɑbləm, ðə ˈɔrəʤɪnz əv wɪʧ laɪ ɪn ðə ˈpraɪvətəˈzeɪʃənz ðət ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn ðə ənd kriˈeɪtɪd ə sɛt əv ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənətli ˈwɛlθi ˈbɪznɪs ˈoʊnərz. tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðɛr ˈɪntərɪsts, ðiz ˈɔfən brɔt ðɛr ˈɪnfluəns dɪˈrɛkli ˈɪntu ˈgəvərnmənt, ˈpɑrləmɛnt, ðə ˈmidiə ənd ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri. ðeɪ kˈwɪkli ɪˈstæblɪʃt ˈnɛtˌwərks ðət ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz tɪ wərk ɔn ðɛr bɪˈhæf ˈrəðər ðən fər ðə ˈkəntri ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ðɛr əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts bɔt ðɛr weɪ ɔn tɪ ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri lɪsts, boʊθ tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ˌɪmˈjunɪti frəm ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən ənd tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ ɪnˈrɪʧ ðɛmˈsɛlvz θru ˈprɪvɪlɪʤd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ steɪt ˈrisɔrsɪz. tɪ ə ˈgreɪtər ər ˈlɛsər dɪˈgri, ðɪs ˌjusərˈpeɪʃən əv paʊər ər capture’*’ həz əˈfɛktɪd ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈkəntriz trænˈzɪʃənɪŋ frəm ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈsɪstəm tɪ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈmɑdəlz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, juˈkreɪn həz bɪn ə ‘‘high-capture’*’ steɪt ɪn ðə sɛns ðət ɪts saɪz ənd ˈriʤənəl dɪˈvərsɪti spɔnd ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ˈɪntəˌrɛst grups ɪn ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər fər ˈɪnfluəns ˈoʊvər steɪt ˈɛnərˌpraɪzɪz ənd ˈbəʤɪts. ðɪs həz pleɪst ə kənˈsɪdərəbəl breɪk ɔn dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ɛz ðə ɪˈkɑnəmɪsts ʤoʊəl ˈhɛlmən ənd ˈdænjəl ˈkɔfmən hæv ˈnoʊtɪd, capture’*’ ɪz ə fɔrm əv grænd kərˈəpʃən ðət ˈwikənz ðə steɪt ənd ˌəndərˈmaɪnz ɪts əˈbɪləˌti tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈbeɪsɪk ˈpəblɪk gʊdz. ðə əv ðə steɪt ɪn tərn ˈlɪmɪts ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈplɪtɪkli ˌənkəˈnɛktɪd ˈbɪznɪsɪz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli smɔl ənd ˈɛnərˌpraɪzɪz (smes*), bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ðeɪ feɪs ɪn əˈphoʊldɪŋ ˈprɑpərti raɪts ər ɛnˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈligəl kleɪmz. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˌdɪsɪnˈsɛntɪv fər ˈbɪznɪsɪz tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈhaɪtənd rɪsk ˈprimiəm əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈplɪtɪkli səbˈsərviənt kɔrts ənd ə ˈʤɛnərəli ˌənprɪˈdɪktəbəl ˈligəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, steɪt ˈkæpʧər ˈbɛnəfɪts ðoʊz hu du ðə ˈkæpʧərɪŋ bət dɪˈstɔrts ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi ɛz ə hoʊl ənd ˌɪmˈpɛrz ˈnæʃənəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt. juˈkreɪn prəˈvaɪdz ə ˈpərˌfɪkt keɪs ˈstədi əv ðiz ˈprɑbləmz. kərˈəpʃən ɔn ə grænd skeɪl həz nɑt ˈoʊnli kɔst ðə ˈsɪtɪzənz ˈdɪrli ˈoʊvər mɔr ðən 20 jɪrz, bət həz sɪˈmɛntɪd ɪn pleɪs ə ˈsɪstəm ðət ɪz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ dɪsˈlɑʤ wɪˈθaʊt dip ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. juˈkreɪn ˈsəfərz frəm ən ˌɪnˈhɛrətɪd ˈligəl ˈsɪstəm ənd lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈstrəkʧərz ðət wər ərˈɪʤənəli dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ əˈphoʊld ðə əˈθɔrəti əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈrəðər ðən ðə rul əv lɔ juˈkreɪn ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsəfərz frəm ə ˈprɑbləm ˈkɑmən ɪn trænˈzɪʃən ˈkəntriz ðət hæv ˌɪnˈhɛrətɪd ˈligəl ˈsɪstəmz ənd lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈstrəkʧərz ərˈɪʤənəli dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ əˈphoʊld ðə əˈθɔrəti əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈrəðər ðən ðə rul əv lɔ. ɪn moʊst səʧ ˈkəntriz, ðiz ˈstrəkʧərz hæv pruvd ˈhaɪli rɪˈzɪstənt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ. ɪn keɪs, ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ɪz əˈkəstəmd tɪ biɪŋ ˈplɪtɪkli dɪˈpɛndənt ənd ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər ˈɔfəs (pgo*) tɪ ˈhævɪŋ ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈɪnfluəns nɑt əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ə ˌprɑsɪkjuˈtɔriəl ˈsərvɪs ɪn ə dɪˈvɛləpt dɪˈmɑkrəsi. ɪn ə ˈsɪstəm əv ðɪs kaɪnd, ðə kən ˈizəli bɪˈkəm ə tul juzd fər səˈlɛktɪv ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ðə lɔ. ðiz ˈfæktərz, ˈteɪkən təˈgɛðər, ɪkˈspleɪn haʊ ðə ‘‘old’*’ ˈsɪstəm ɪn juˈkreɪn həz pruvd soʊ rɪˈzɪljənt, ənd haʊ ɪt kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ rɪˈzɪst ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv ˈfɔrən ˈkɑnsɛpts əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ prɪˈvɛnɪŋ kərˈəpʃən ənd ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ mɪˈskɑndəkt. ðə riˈmuvd ənd hɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts frəm paʊər ənd pʊt ən ɛnd tɪ ðɛr əˈtɛmpts tɪ ˈsɛntrəˌlaɪz kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈæˌsɛts, bət ɪt dɪd nɑt breɪk ðə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˈsɪstəm. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ˈɛləmənts əv state’*’ hæv riˈgrupt wɪθ ðə klɪr goʊl əv ˈblɑkɪŋ ər dɪˈlutɪŋ rɪˈfɔrmz ðət θˈrɛtən ðɛr ˈɪntərɪsts. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈpɛtroʊ læk əv kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ənd ˈoʊvərˌhɔlɪŋ ðə ˈivɪn ðoʊ ɪt ɪz hɪz riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ ˈoʊvərˌsi rɪˈfɔrmz ɪn boʊθ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ˈɔfərz ə ˈstraɪkɪŋ ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðə ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz əv rɪˈfɔrmz. ˈpɑləsi ɪz ðəs ə ˈbætəlˌgraʊnd ˈpɪtɪŋ, ˈbrɔdli ˈspikɪŋ, ‘‘reformist’*’ ˈfɔrsɪz əˈgɛnst ðə ˌɪnˈhɛrətɪd ˈsɪstəm. ðə ril ˈɪmpətəs fər rɪˈfɔrmz həz kəm nɑt frəm ðə ˈgəvərnmənt bət frəm ə smɔl grup əv prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈpɑrləmɛnt (mps*), ənd frəm ən ɛmˈboʊldənd sɛt əv ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz (csos*) ðət ˈkɛri ðə ˈmɔrəl ˈbænər əv ðə. bækt baɪ ðə strɔŋ dɪˈzaɪər əˈməŋ juˈkreɪniənz fər ˈækʃən tɪ reɪn ɪn ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl kərˈəpʃən, ənd səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ əˈsɪstəns frəm ˈwɛstərn ˈgəvərnmənts, wər ðə ˈdraɪvɪŋ fɔrs bɪˈhaɪnd ðə 2014 lɔ ənd ɪts ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən. ðɪs muv kriˈeɪtɪd tu nu ˈeɪʤənsiz ənd ˈfiʧərd ən ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ˈɛfərt tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv trænˈspɛrənsi ənd ʧeɪnʤ ˈkəlʧərəl ˈætəˌtudz təˈwɔrdz kərˈəpʃən ɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvɪs. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz əv ðə ‘‘old’*’ ˈsɪstəm ɪn ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈsərvɪs, ˈpɑrləmɛnt, ðə ənd ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri hæv bɪn ˈfaɪtɪŋ hɑrd tɪ ˈlɪmət ðə skoʊp əv ðiz ˈmɛʒərz. ˈæˌlaɪd wɪθ ˈɛləmənts əv bɪg ˈbɪznɪs, ðiz grups rɪˈmeɪn ə ˈpaʊərfəl fɔrs wɪθ pəˈtɛnʃəli məʧ tɪ luz ənd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt kəˈpæsɪti tɪ ˈhɪndər rɪˈfɔrmz. ˈɛfərts: ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt tɪ əˈsɛs ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn ˈtækəlɪŋ kərˈəpʃən ˈoʊvər ðə pæst jɪrz, ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ kənˈsɪdər ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt fər rɪˈfɔrmz. soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪn juˈkreɪn bɪˈkeɪm ˈæŋgri æt ðə ɪkˈsɛsɪv ˌsɛlfənˈrɪʧmənt əv ənd hɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts ˈæftər ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ɪn 2010 ənd dɪˈmændɪd ˈʤəstɪs fər ðə ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz ənd ˈækʃən tɪ ˈlɪmət kərˈəpʃən. ˌpɛrəˈdɑksəkəli, ˌsoʊsiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈrisərʧ sɪns ðə həz ʃoʊn kənˈtɪnjud haɪ əkˈsɛptəns əv kərˈəpʃən ɪn ˈdeɪli laɪf, ənd ə ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn səʧ ˈpræktɪsɪz tɪ sɑlv ˈprɑbləmz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈrisərʧ ˈdætə, ˈoʊvər 65 pər sɛnt əv juˈkreɪniənz əˈkrɔs ɔl eɪʤ grups bɪˈliv ðət kərˈəpʃən ɪz ə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl pɑrt əv ðə juˈkreɪniən mɛnˈtælɪti. ə ˈfərðər ˈprɑbləm ˈgɪvɪn ðə waɪd ɪkˈstɛnt əv kərˈəpʃən ɪn ðə pəˈlis, ðə ˈhɛlθˌkɛr ˈsɪstəm ənd ðə ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈsɛktər, wɛr ˈsæləriz ər ˈvɛri loʊ ɪz ðət ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃiˌɛriz əv ˌɪˈligəl ˈpeɪmənts rɪˈmeɪnz ˈvɛri lɑrʤ. ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz, ðɪs ˈɛkstrə kæʃ ɪz ˈvaɪtəl fər səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈfæməliz ənd ɪkˈstɛndɪd kəmˈjunɪtiz. ðə rɪˈzəlt ɪz ðət ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl ˈæpəˌtaɪt ɪn ðiz pɑrts əv soʊˈsaɪɪti fər ə wɔr ɔn ˈpɛˌti kərˈəpʃən. ðə ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən ˌɪnˈstɛd ɪz ðət ðə steɪt ʃʊd stæmp aʊt ɪkˈsɛsɪv ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl kərˈəpʃən. fər rɪˈfɔrmərz, ðɪs ˈpoʊzɪz ə dɪˈlɛmə: ˈtækəlɪŋ ˌloʊˈlɛvəl kərˈəpʃən ɪz ˈiziər ðən traɪɪŋ tɪ ɪˈrædəˌkeɪt ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl græft, jɛt ðɪs rɪsks biɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəli dɪsˈrəptɪv ɪf nɑt əˈkəmpənid baɪ ˈsæləri ˌɪnˈkrisɪz fər ˈpurli peɪd ˈwərkərz. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ðə læk əv ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn æˈdrɛsɪŋ ɪnˈtrɛnʧt ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl kərˈəpʃən ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ˈsoʊʃəl dɪskənˈtɛnt ənd səˈpɔrt fər ˈpɑpjələst ˈfɔrsɪz. ə juˈkreɪniən ˈgəvərnmənt ˌdaɪəgˈnɑstɪk ˈstədi əv ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl kərˈəpʃən, priˈpɛrd wɪθ ðə əˈsɪstəns əv ðə ɪn 2014 pʊt ɪn ʃɑrp rɪˈlif ðə ˈprɑbləmz fər rɪˈfɔrmərz. ɪt ˈnoʊtɪd ðə ‘‘pyramidal’*’ ˈneɪʧər əv steɪt ˈkæpʧər ˈpərmiˌeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈsɪstəm, ˈfiʧərɪŋ ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ɪˈlits æt ðə tɔp, hɛdz əv ˈeɪʤənsiz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ənd ˈeɪʤənsi stæf æt ðə base’*’. ðə rɪˈpɔrt dɪˈskraɪbd haʊ ðiz grups wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ kənˈtroʊl əˈpɔɪntmənts ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈsɛktər, ɪnˈʃʊr ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ɪn laɪn wɪθ ðɛr ˈɪntərɪsts, ənd riˈstrɪkt ˈpəblɪk ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ðə ˈstrəkʧər əv kərˈəpʃən, ðə ˈstədi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪd strɔŋ vju ðət kərəpt ˈpəblɪk əˈfɪʃəlz ˈɔfən wərk ɪn ˈkɑnsərt əˈkrɔs ˈpəblɪk ˈeɪʤənsiz tɪ ˌɪnˈtɪmɪˌdeɪt, həræs tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ˈkɔrpərət ˈreɪdɪŋ ənd tɪ ˈɛkˌstrækt bribes’*’. əˈməŋ ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz pərˈsivd ɛz moʊst kərəpt, ɪt ˈsɪŋgəld aʊt ðə tæks ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ðə pəˈlis, ðə, ðə steɪt ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈsərvɪs ənd ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri. əˈməŋ ðə kɔrts, ɪt aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ðə kəˈmərʃəl kɔrts ɛz ðə wərst əˈfɛndərz. ɪt ɪz klɪr ðət ðə fˈjuʒən əv ˈməni ənd paʊər sɪns ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ɪn 1991 trænsˈfɔrmd ðə roʊl əv lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz, soʊ ðət ðɛr ərˈɪʤənəl tæsk əv prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈsɪstəm frəm wɪˈθɪn bɪˈkeɪm wən əv səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈkrɪmənəl ækˈtɪvɪti baɪ ðə nu ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈlits. ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd kraɪm bɪˈkeɪm səˈnɑnəməs wɪθ ðə ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ əv ðə steɪt. ðɪs ˈpætərn ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈɪntu ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri, ɛz ɪkˈstərnəl ˈɪnfluəns ˈoʊvər ðə əˈpɔɪntmənt əv ˈʤəʤɪz bɪˈkeɪm ˈprɛvələnt. ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz, pəˈzɪʃənz wər ˈɔfərd fər seɪl baɪ ðoʊz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn steɪt ˈkæpʧər. ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz əv səʧ ˈɪntəˌrɛst grups ˈɔlsoʊ soʊld ˌprɑsɪkjuˈtɔriəl əˈpɔɪntmənts ənd ˈəðər roʊlz ɪn ðə steɪt ˈsɪstəm. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈəðər trænˈzɪʃən ˈkəntriz ɪn ðə ˈriʤən hæv ɪnˈkaʊnərd ˈsɪmələr ˈprɑbləmz, ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈprɛsɪdənt fər ˈmænəʤɪŋ ðɛm ɪn ə ˈkəntri ɛz lɑrʤ ɛz juˈkreɪn. æt ˈriʤənəl ˈlɛvəl, ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd kraɪm ɪz ˈdipli ɛnˈmɛʃt wɪθ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈbɪznɪs ˈɪntərɪsts, ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ənd ˈbɪznəˈspipəl tɪ baɪ ˈɪnfluəns ɪn ðət kən hɛlp ðɛm tɪ əˈsərt kənˈtroʊl ˈloʊkəli. ə ˈriʤənəl ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər θru kloʊz kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ðə ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ˈriʤənəl kɔrt ənd ðə ʧif əv ˈriʤənəl pəˈlis ɪz ˈɔfən ðə ril sɔrs əv paʊər æt ˈriʤənəl ˈlɛvəl, ˈrəðər ðən ðə ˈriʤənəl ˈgəvərnər. ɛz ɪn ˈəðər ˈfɔrmər ˈsoʊviˌɛt steɪts, ˈɔfərz ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz rɪʧ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˈprɛdəˌtɔri bɪˈheɪvjər. ˈbɪznɪs ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ rɪkˈwaɪrmənts, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ər ˈɔfən ɪkˈsɛsɪvli ˈoʊnərəs; ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ɪz səˈlɛktɪv bɪˈkəz noʊ ˈkəmpəˌni kən mit ɔl ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənts. ðɪs ɪnˈʃʊrz ðət ən əˈfɪʃəl kən ˌɪnˈvɛriəbli faɪnd ə ˈrizən tɪ spɑt ə ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri vaɪəˈleɪʃən ənd ˌɪmˈpoʊz ə faɪn ər ˈɔrdər ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. smɔl ˈbɪznɪsɪz hæv lɔŋ ˈsəfərd ən ˈɛndləs prəˈsɛʃən əv ˈvɪzɪts baɪ əˈfɪʃəlz, frəm ˈsænɪˌtɛri ˌɪnˈspɛktərz tɪ ˈeɪʤənts frəm ðə tæks pəˈlis, ˈsikɪŋ tɪ ɛkˈstɔrt ˈməni. ɪn ðə ˈæbsəns əv ə ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈsɪstəm ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ kən dɪˈfɛnd ðɛr raɪts, ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl ðeɪ kən du tɪ prɪˈvɛnt səʧ əˈbjuzɪz. rɪˈzəlts əˈʧivd ˌɪnˈkrist trænˈspɛrənsi ðə əˈdɑpʃən baɪ ðə ˈrɑdə əv ðə ˈstrætəʤi fər ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 2014 mɑrkt ə ˈbreɪkθˌru ɪn ˈɛfərts tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs kərˈəpʃən. ˈhɛvəli ˈɪnfluənst baɪ ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd ˈʤɔrʤən rɪˈfɔrmərz rɪˈkrutɪd ˈɪntu ˈgəvərnmənt, ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd ən əˈproʊʧ fər prɪˈvɛnɪŋ kərˈəpʃən ɪn ˈsɛvərəl ˈɛriəz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈsɛktər, ˈpəblɪk proʊˈkjʊrmənt ənd ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri. ɪt pleɪst ˈhɛvi ˈɛmfəsɪs ɔn ˈreɪzɪŋ trænˈspɛrənsi ɪn ˈgəvərnmənt ənd dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ nu lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈstrætəʤi həz feɪst ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm fər ɪts læk əv klɪr pərˈfɔrməns ˈɪndəˌkeɪtərz ər koʊˌɔrdəˈneɪʃən wɪθ rɪˈfɔrmz ɪn ˈɛriəz səʧ ɛz ˈhɛlθˌkɛr ənd dɪˌsɛntrəlɪˈzeɪʃən. ə ˈbætəl fər kənˈtroʊl əv ðə nu ˈbɑdi riˈspɑnsəbəl fər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ənd ˈmænəʤɪŋ programmes*, ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈeɪʤənsi fər priˈvɛnʃən əv kərˈəpʃən (napc*), ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə ˈpætərn əv ˈkɑntɛst ˈoʊvər ðə peɪs ənd dɛpθ əv ðə rɪˈfɔrmz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ, ɔn ðə wən hænd, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈpɑrləmɛnt ənd, ɔn ðə ˈəðər, rɪˈfɔrmərz, ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈdoʊnərz. ðə ɪz ˈifɛktɪvli ə brænʧ əv ˈgəvərnmənt ðət rɪˈpɔrts tɪ ðə ˈkæbənət əv ˈmɪnɪstərz. ɛz ə tul fər ɪkˈspoʊzɪŋ ɪnˈrɪʧmənt əˈməŋ əˈfɪʃəlz, ˈsɪstəm ɪz wɪˈθaʊt ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ɪn ðə ˈkəntriz əv ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən ˈæftər kənˈsɪdərəbəl ənd saɪnz əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns, ðə ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2016 lɔnʧt ən ‘‘e-declaration’*’ ˈsɪstəm fər ðə ˈæˌsɛts əv əˈfɪʃəlz. ðə ˈsɪstəm ˌɪˈnɪʃəli rikˈwaɪərd ˈsinjər əˈfɪʃəlz ɪn ˈgəvərnmənt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər, tɪ dɪˈskloʊz ðɛr ˈɪnˌkəm ənd ˈæˌsɛts ənd ðoʊz əv ðɛr ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz. ðə rɪˈzəlts ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ əˈməŋ ðə ˈpəblɪk. ðə ˈlɛvəl əv kæʃ ˈhoʊldɪŋz əv əˈfɪʃəlz sərˈpæst ɔl ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz, ˈtoʊtəlɪŋ 26 ˈbɪljən (əraʊnd 946 ˈmɪljən). beɪst ɔn ðə ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃənz, ðə nuz ˈeɪʤənsi ˈrɔɪtərz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət 24 ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈkæbənət hɛld ˈnɪrli 7 ˈmɪljən ʤɪst ɪn kæʃ. praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər dɪˈklɛrd ˈmɪljən ənd ɪn kæʃ, ɛz wɛl ɛz ə kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈləgʒəri ˈwɑʧɪz. ðə hɛd əv ðə tæks ˈsərvɪs, ˈroʊmən nasirov*, ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət hi hɛld 2 ˈmɪljən ɪn kæʃ. əraʊnd 30 ˈʤəʤɪz wɪθ ˈænjuəl ˈsæləriz ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm tɪ oʊnd ˈpɔrʃɪz, ənd ˈmɛni dɪˈklɛrd lɑrʤ kæʃ dɪˈpɑzəts. ɛz ə tul fər ɪkˈspoʊzɪŋ ɪnˈrɪʧmənt əˈməŋ əˈfɪʃəlz, ˈsɪstəm ɪz wɪˈθaʊt ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ɪn ðə ˈkəntriz əv ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən. ðoʊz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ fɪl aʊt məst ˈɔlsoʊ ˈrɛʤɪstər wɪˈθɪn 10 deɪz ˈɛni ˈɪnˌkəm ər ˌækwəˈzɪʃən əv ˈprɑpərti əv ə ˈvælju ɪn ˈɛkˌsɛs əv 50 months’*’ ˈweɪʤɪz ɛz əv 1 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2017 ɪn ðə vju əv ðə ˈjuˈɛn dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈproʊˌgræm, wɪʧ prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈtɛknɪkəl ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl səˈpɔrt, ðə nu ɪz fɑr frəm ˈpərˌfɪkt bət ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɔn ˈpriviəs ˈpeɪpər ˈvərʒənz. tɪ ˈlɪtəl səˈpraɪz, əˈtɛmpts tɪ roʊl bæk ðə skeɪl əv ðə ˈsɪstəm keɪm kˈwɪkli: ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 2016 ə ˈkɔkəs əv 48 faɪld ə kleɪm wɪθ ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl kɔrt ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət kəmˈpɛlɪŋ əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ ˈpəblɪˌsaɪz ˈditeɪlz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈæˌsɛts əv ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz wɑz ˌənˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl. ðə rɪˈzɪstəns kənˈtɪnjud ɪn mɑrʧ 2017 wɪn ˈprɛzɪdənt saɪnd ˈɪntu lɔ ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənts fər kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ðɛmˈsɛlvz tɪ səbˈmɪt. ðɪs səˈʤɛsts ðət pɑrts əv ðə juˈkreɪn ɪˈlit ər ˈdipli ənˈkəmfərtəbəl wɪθ ðə nu ˈsɪstəm əv ˈæˌsɛt dɪˈskloʊʒərz, vjuɪŋ ɪt ɛz ə ˈmɛʒər ðət ðeɪ kən ˈniðər ˌɪgˈnɔr nɔr rɪˈspɑnd tɪ dɪˈsɔnəstli. tɪ ðɪs ɪkˈstɛnt, rɪˈfɔrmərz hæv skɔrd ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈvɪktəri. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ˌænɪkˈdoʊtəl ˈɛvədəns ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət ˈivɪn səm əˈfɪʃəlz səˈpɔrtɪv əv ðə ˈɛfərt θɪŋk ðə ˈsɪstəm tu ˌɪnˈtrusɪv, ənd ðəs ˈkaʊnərprəˌdəktɪv fər ˈɛfərts tɪ ɪˈlɪsɪt kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən frəm ˈpəblɪk əˈfɪʃəlz. dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl səkˈsɛs əv ðə, ðə wɑz ˈhɛvəli ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd baɪ ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈdoʊnərz fər əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ dɪˈleɪ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd prɪˈvɛnt ðə ˈtaɪmli ˈʧɛkɪŋ əv ˈdætə, ˈnidɪd fər pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈkrɪmənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz baɪ ðə ˈnuli fɔrmd ˈeɪʤənsi fər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl əˈfɪʃəl kərˈəpʃən, ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈbjʊroʊ əv juˈkreɪn (nabu*). ðɛr ər strɔŋ ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃənz ðət ðə wərk ɪz ˈvəlnərəbəl tɪ ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns frəm ˈlɑbiz ɪn ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈpɑrləmɛnt ðət wɪʃ tɪ riˈstrɪkt ɪts ækˈtɪvɪtiz. ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl daʊt ðət ðə ˈsɪstəm wʊd hæv rɪˈmeɪnd ɔn ðə drɔɪŋ bɔrd fər məʧ ˈlɔŋgər hæd ɪt nɑt bɪn fər ˈprɛʃər frəm ðə ənd ˈəðərz. ðə həz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈtræktəd ˈrɪdəˌkjul fər ɪts əˈtɛmpts tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt səˈspɪʃənz əv frɔd ɔn əˈpɛrəntli ˈtrɪviəl graʊnz əˈgɛnst ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz səʧ ɛz leshchenko*, ən ənd ˈprɑmənənt kæmˈpeɪnər, ənd marushevska*, ðə ˈfɔrmər hɛd əv ˈriʤən ˈkəstəmz. ðə ˈlætər feɪst ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈoʊvər ə ˈboʊnəs ɪkˈwɪvələnt tɪ 18 ðət ʃi hæd əˈlɛʤədli əˈwɔrdɪd hərˈsɛlf. wɪˈθɪn tu mənθs əv ðə ˈfaɪlɪŋ əv ðə, ðə hæd ˈstɑrtɪd 13 ˈkrɪmənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ˈɪntu ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl əˈfɛrz əv, ˈʤəʤɪz ənd ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz. ə ˈfərðər 2 ˈmɪljən əˈfɪʃəlz faɪld ɪn ðə spərɪŋ əv 2017 waɪl ðə skeɪl əv ðə ˈɛfərt ɪz ˈlɔdəbəl, ɪt ɪz nɑt klɪr haʊ ðə juˈkreɪniən əˈθɔrətiz wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ skrin, lɛt əˈloʊn ækt ɔn, səʧ ə væst ˈvɑljum əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ˌnənðəˈlɛs, ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs mɑrks ə ˈtərnɪŋ pɔɪnt ɪn tərmz əv ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti ənd ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ə ˈkəlʧər əv ˈoʊpənəs frəm wɪʧ əˈfɪʃəlz ˈkænɑt haɪd. ðə ˈwaɪdli preɪzd ˈplætˌfɔrm həz pleɪst ˈgəvərnmənt ˈtɛndərɪŋ ˈɔnˌlaɪn, ˈɛndɪŋ ðə oʊld ˈpræktɪs əv rɪgd ˈɔkʃənz əˈʧivmənts ɪn ˈreɪzɪŋ trænˈspɛrənsi hæv bɪn ˈnoʊtəbəl ɪn fɔr ˈfərðər ˈɛriəz. ðə fərst ɪz ˈpəblɪk proʊˈkjʊrmənt. ðə ˈwaɪdli preɪzd ˈplætˌfɔrm (si ˈʧæptər 6 ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr) həz pleɪst ˈgəvərnmənt ˈtɛndərɪŋ ˈɔnˌlaɪn, ˈɛndɪŋ ðə oʊld ˈpræktɪs əv rɪgd ˈɔkʃənz. praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər həz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət ɪn 2016 ðə ˈsɪstəm seɪvd ðə steɪt ˈbəʤɪt 8 ˈbɪljən. ðə ˈsɛkənd ɪz ə nu lɔ ɔn ðə fɪˈnænsɪŋ əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrtiz, wɪʧ keɪm ˈɪntu ˈifɛkt ɪn 2016 ɪt rikˈwaɪərz ˈpɑrtiz tɪ dɪˈskloʊz ðɛr ˈrɛvəˌnu ˈsɔrsəz ənd faɪl kˈwɔrtərli rɪˈpɔrts, wɪʧ ʃʊd bi ˈpəblɪkli əˈveɪləbəl. ðə lɔ ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪdz fər ˈpəblɪk fɪˈnænsɪŋ əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrtiz, ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ ˈlɪmət ðə ˈɪnfluəns əv ˈbɪznɪs grups ðət maɪt sik ˈɪnfluəns θru ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən ɪn ˈpɑrləmɛnt. θərd, ðə lɔ ˈoʊpən juz əv ˈpəblɪk funds’*’, əˈdɑptəd ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2015 rikˈwaɪərz ɔl ˈgəvərnmənt ˈbɑdiz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ, tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ðɛr ˈbəʤɪts ənd ˈditeɪlz əv ðɛr ˈspɛndɪŋ. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈoʊnli 20 pər sɛnt əv ˈɛlɪʤəbəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz hæd ˈpəblɪʃt ðə rikˈwaɪərd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən baɪ ðə ɛnd əv 2016 ðə lɔ mɑrks ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt stɛp təˈwɔrdz ˈpəblɪk ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt əv ˈgəvərnmənt ˈspɛndɪŋ. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ lɛndz ˌɪtˈsɛlf tɪ ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən wɪθ ðə ˈwaɪdər dɪˌsɛntrəlɪˈzeɪʃən rɪˈfɔrmz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ brɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒənˌmeɪkɪŋ ɪn ˈgəvərnmənt ˈkloʊzər tɪ ˈsɪtɪzənz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, lɑrʤ ˈnəmbərz əv ˈɑrgju ðət ðeɪ ər nɑt əˈblaɪʤd tɪ rɪˈpɔrt tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk, ənd ɪn ˈɛni keɪs ðə faɪnz fər ˌnɑnkəmˈplaɪəns ər ˈtaɪni. ðə fɔrθ əˈʧivmənt ɪz ə lɔ ɔn ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn ˈoʊpən ˈdætə ˈfɔrˌmæts, wɪʧ əˈblaɪʤɪz ɔl ˈgəvərnmənt ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz tɪ meɪk ðɛr əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ðə wɛb ˈpɔrtəl. juˈkreɪn ˈɔlsoʊ rikˈwaɪərz ɔl ˈligəl ˈɛntɪtiz tɪ dɪˈskloʊz ðɛr ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ɪn ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈbɪznɪs ˈrɛʤɪstri. nu lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈbɑdiz ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd ˈfɔrən ˈdoʊnərz ˈstrɔŋli bækt ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ðə ənd ðə ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ˈɔfəs (sapo*), ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈɛntɪti wɪˈθɪn ðə. fɔrmd ɪn 2015 wɪθ stæf əˈpɔɪntɪd ɪn ən ˈoʊpənli kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd peɪd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli mɔr ðən ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈgəvərnmənt weɪʤ fər ðɛr pəˈzɪʃənz ðə tu nu ˈstrəkʧərz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ən ˈɛfərt tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ‘‘clean’*’ ˈeɪʤənsiz ðət kən ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ənd ˈprɑsəˌkjut ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl kərˈəpʃən wɪˈθaʊt pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns. ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2016 nɑˈzɑr, ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər, əˈnaʊnst ðət hɪz ˈɔfəs wɑz ˌɪnˈdaɪtɪŋ ən ˈævərɪʤ əv fɔr tɔp əˈfɪʃəlz ə mənθ. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hi dɪd nɑt ˈmɛnʃən ˈɛni səkˈsɛsfəl kənˈvɪkʃənz. ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ɪz ˈoʊpən tɪ kˈwɛʃən ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈwaɪdli hɛld vju ɪn juˈkreɪn ðət ðə tɔp ˈlidərˌʃɪp ˈoʊnli peɪz lɪp ˈsərvɪs tɪ ˈfaɪtɪŋ kərˈəpʃən ənd ɪz priˈpɛrd tɪ ˈsæbəˌtɑʒ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz wɛr ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. rɪˈpɔrts tɪ ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər ˈʤɛnərəl, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ɪz haʊzd ɪn ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈbɪldɪŋ. ðə ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2017 ðət ɪt hæd 398 ˈkeɪsɪz ˈəndər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ðə lɔs əv 87 ˈbɪljən ɪn steɪt fəndz ənd rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn 131 ˌɪnˈdaɪtmənts. ðɛr ər saɪnz ðət ðə həz ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ ˈkeɪsɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈsəˌspɛkts æt loʊər ˈlɛvəlz əv sinˈjɔrɪti, bət ðət ɪt ɪz ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ ɪts ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz tɪ ðoʊz æt haɪər ˈlɛvəlz. ðə ərˈɛst əv ðə hɛd əv ðə tæks ˈsərvɪs ɪn mɑrʧ 2017 mɑrkt ə ˈwɔtərˌʃɛd (hi həz dɪˈnaɪd ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ɪm, wɪʧ hi kəmˈpleɪnz ər ˈplɪtɪkli ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd, ənd həz bɪn riˈlist ɔn beɪl). ðɪs wɑz ˈfɑloʊd ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftərwərdz baɪ ðə ərˈɛst ənd ˈsəbsəkwənt riˈlis (wɪˈθaʊt beɪl) əv martynenko*, rɪˈpɔrtədli ðə meɪn ˈspɑnsər əv wən əv ðə ˈrulɪŋ ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈpɑrtiz, hu rɪˈmeɪnz ˈəndər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ðə hæd nɑt ˈpriviəsli ˈæktɪd əˈgɛnst ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl əv ˌmɪnɪˈstiriəl ˈlɛvəl. ðə ˈɔlsoʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2017 ðət əv ðə 86 ˈkeɪsɪz sɛnt tɪ ðə kɔrts baɪ ðə, ˈoʊnli 17 hæd rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn kənˈvɪkʃənz. ˌwənˈθərd əv ɪts ˈkeɪsɪz wər stɪl ˈweɪtɪŋ tɪ bi hərd. nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋli, ðə ˈeɪʤənsi həz kəm ɪn fər ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm fər ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈproʊdus ˈfæstər rɪˈzəlts, ənd ðɛr hæv bɪn ˈɔrkɪˌstreɪtɪd əˈtæks ɔn ɪts ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən ənd ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp əv ɪts dɪˈrɛktər, sytnyk*. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈfɔrən donors’*’ kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ðə səkˈsɛs həz hɛlpt ɪt tɪ wɪθˈstænd əˈtæks baɪ dɪˈtræktərz hu əˈpɪr tɪ hæv məʧ tɪ luz frəm ɪts paʊər tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt. ɪt həz ˈɔlsoʊ, æt taɪmz, faʊnd ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪn ə tərf wɔr wɪθ ðə ənd ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈsərvɪs əv juˈkreɪn (sbu*). rɪˈlaɪəns ɔn ðə fər ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ɪz ˈwaɪdli sin ɛz ə ˈfæktər ˈsɪriəsli ˌɪnˈhɪbətɪŋ ðə ˈifɛktɪvnəs, bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈdeɪnʤər ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt sərˈveɪləns ˈtɑrgəts wɪl bi likt. bɑks 3 nu ˈeɪʤənsiz θri nu ˈbɑdiz wər ɪˈstæblɪʃt ɪn tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt steɪt ˈpɑləsi: ˈnæʃənəl ˈeɪʤənsi fər priˈvɛnʃən əv kərˈəpʃən (napc*) ðə ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ənd ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ðə ˈstrætəʤi. wən əv ɪts meɪn tæsks ɪz ˈvɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˈæˌsɛt ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃənz əv steɪt ənd ˈloʊkəl ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəlz. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ɛnˈfɔrsɪŋ rulz ɔn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrti fɪˈnænsɪŋ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə juz əv səˈpɔrt ðət ɪz prəˈvaɪdɪd tɪ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrtiz. ˈnæʃənəl ˈbjʊroʊ əv juˈkreɪn (nabu*) ðə ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ kərˈəpʃən kəˈmɪtɪd baɪ ˈsinjər əˈfɪʃəlz, ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈpɑrləmɛnt, ˈʤəʤɪz ənd ˈmænɪʤərz əv lɑrʤ ˈɛnərˌpraɪzɪz. ɪt ˈɑpərˌeɪts ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli əv ðə ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər ˈɔfəs (pgo*). ðə dɪˈrɛktər wɑz səˈlɛktɪd ɪn ən ˈoʊpən ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt əv ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti. wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv ɪts fərst ˈdɛpjəti ənd ˈdɛpjəti dɪˈrɛktərz, ɔl pəˈzɪʃənz ər fɪld baɪ ˈoʊpən ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən. ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ˈɔfəs (sapo*) ðə ɪz ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt əv ðə. ðə ˈoʊvərˌsiz ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ðeɪ ər ˈligəli kəmˈplaɪənt, ənd dɪˈtərmənz ˈwɛðər ðɛr ɪz səˈfɪʃənt ˈɛvədəns fər ðə steɪt tɪ ˈprɑsəˌkjut. ɔl prosecutors’*’ əˈpɔɪntmənts ər meɪd baɪ ˈoʊpən ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən. æt ðə taɪm əv ˈraɪtɪŋ, tu ˈəðər nu ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ər ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv biɪŋ ɪˈstæblɪʃt. wən ɪz ðə steɪt ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən (sbi*), wɪʧ wɪl əˈsum moʊst əv ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪv ˈfəŋkʃənz fər ˈsɪriəs kraɪmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ kərˈəpʃən, bət wɪθ ðə roʊl prɪˈzərvd fər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ kərˈəpʃən baɪ ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl əˈfɪʃəlz. ðə wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ kraɪmz kəˈmɪtɪd baɪ ənd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kraɪmz. ðə ˈəðər nu ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ɪz ðə ˈæˌsɛt ˈmænɪʤmənt ənd rɪˈkəvəri ˈɔfəs (ˈæmroʊ), tæskt wɪθ ˈmænəʤɪŋ sizd ˈprɑpərti ənd ˈtreɪsɪŋ ˈæˌsɛts əkˈwaɪərd baɪ kərəpt minz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðoʊz ˈlɔndərd əˈbrɔd. boʊθ ər du tɪ bɪˈkəm ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɛnd əv 2017 ə dɪˈspjut əˈbaʊt ðə səˈlɛkʃən prəˈsiʤər fər ðə həz dɪˈleɪd ɪts fɔrˈmeɪʃən. ðə prəˈpoʊzd səˈlɛkʃən ˈpænəl wɑz drɔn ˈhɛvəli frəm ˈɪntərɪsts kəˈnɛktɪd wɪθ ðə tu meɪn ˈpɑrtiz ɪn ðə ˈrulɪŋ ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən, ənd dɪd nɑt ˌɪnˈklud ˈɛni ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz. ðə ˈfreɪmˌwərk lɔ ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ənd ˈstætəs əv judges’*’, pæst ɪn ʤun 2016 fɔrˈsiz ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv ə θərd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən: ə haɪ kɔrt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈweɪts ðə ɛˈnæktmənt əv ən əˈdɪʃənəl ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd lɔ, ɔlˈbiɪt wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈdɛˌdlaɪn. ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti grups ər ˈpʊʃɪŋ hɑrd fər ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv ðɪs nu kɔrt, wɪʧ ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ hæv ˈnæʃənəl ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən tɪ traɪ ˈkeɪsɪz brɔt baɪ ðə. ə ki rɪkˈwaɪrmənt ɪz ðət ɪt ʃʊd hæv ˌɪmˈpɑrʃəl ˈʤəʤɪz fri frəm pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns. ˈsɛtˌbæks hæv kənˈtɪnjud, ˌhaʊˈɛvər. ɪn 2016 ɪt bɪˈkeɪm klɪr ðət kɔrts wər ˈblɑkɪŋ ˈɛfərts tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl kərˈəpʃən, ənd ðət ðə dɪˈleɪz rɪskt ˈəndərˌmaɪnɪŋ ðə ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti əv ðə ənd ðə. ɛz, wən əv tɔp ˈspɛʃəlɪsts ɔn ʤuˈdɪʃəl rɪˈfɔrm, həz ˈnoʊtɪd, ðə nu ˈfreɪmˌwərk lɔ prəˈvaɪdz fər ə kɔrt bət nɑt ə ˈspɛʃəl kɔrt əv əˈpil. ðɪs ˈreɪzɪz ˈsɪriəs kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt haʊ tɪ prɪˈvɛnt əˈpilz əˈgɛnst dɪˈsɪʒənz ɪn ðə nu kɔrt ˈpæsɪŋ bæk ˈɪntu ðə ˈrɛgjələr ənd, soʊ fɑr, kɔrt ˈsɪstəm. wən ˈɔpʃən, ɛz ˈɑrgjuz, ɪz tɪ kriˈeɪt ən ˈpænəl ɪn ðə nu səˈprim kɔrt ɛz ðə kɔrt fər ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl kərˈəpʃən ˈkeɪsɪz. ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2017 ðə əˈpɪrd tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts əv əˈpoʊnənts əv ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt kɔrt. ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən kəˈmɪʃən, juncker*, ˈsteɪtɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ðət ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv ən ˈʧeɪmbər wɪˈθɪn ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈsɪstəm wʊd bi səˈfɪʃənt. ðə ənd ɛŋˈgoʊz ˈkɑntɛst ðɪs vju. ðə nɛkst ˈʧælənʤ: ʤuˈdɪʃəl rɪˈfɔrm sɪns 2014 ðə peɪs əv rɪˈfɔrm həz səbˈstænʃəli aʊtˈstrɪpt ðət əv ʤuˈdɪʃəl rɪˈfɔrm. ðə kənˈtɪnjud sloʊ ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ˈkɑmpətɪntli stæft kɔrts fri frəm ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns θˈrɛtənz tɪ ˈəndərˌmaɪn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈɛfərt. ɪn ðə wərld ˈʤəstɪs rul əv lɔ ˈɪndɛks 2016 juˈkreɪn ræŋkt aʊt əv 113 ˈkəntriz fər əˈdhɪrəns tɪ ðə rul əv lɔ. ɪn ðə seɪm jɪr, ɪt ræŋkt aʊt əv 105 ˈkəntriz fər ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ɪn ðə ˈɪndɛks əv ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti, ən ˈprɑʤɛkt. ə 2017 poʊl əv ˈpəblɪk ˈætəˌtudz təˈwɔrdz ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət fjuər ðən 6 pər sɛnt əv rɪˈspɑndənts hæd ˈɛni trəst ɪn ðə kɔrts. ɪn ðə ˈɔtəm əv 2014 ə ʤuˈdɪʃəl rɪˈfɔrm ˈkaʊnsəl wɑz ɪˈstæblɪʃt ɛz ə kənˈsəltətɪv ˈbɑdi rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt. ʤuˈdɪʃəl rɪˈfɔrm bɪˈgæn wɪθ ə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl dɪˈkri ɪn 2015 ənd ɪn ʤun 2016 ðə ˈrɑdə əˈdɑptəd ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl əˈmɛndmənts kənˈsərnɪŋ ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ənd ðə əv ˈʤəʤɪz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈprɔˌsɛs əv rɪˈnuəl wɑz pʊt ɪn ðə hænz əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ˌɪtˈsɛlf, tɪ ˈlɪtəl ˈifɛkt. judges’*’ ˈsæləriz ər biɪŋ reɪzd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli, ˌɔlˈðoʊ nɑt ɔl ˈligəl ˈɛkspərts ɪn juˈkreɪn bɪˈliv loʊ ˈsæləriz tɪ bi ðə ˈrizən fər kərˈəpʃən. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ðɛr ˌɪmˈjunɪti frəm ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən, wɪʧ juzd tɪ bi ˌənkənˈdɪʃənəl, ɪz naʊ ˈoʊnli ˈpɑrʃəl. ə nu lɔ həz ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə haɪ ˈkaʊnsəl əv ˈʤəstɪs. tɪ ˈlɪmət pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈɪnfluəns, ðə lɔ prəˈvaɪdz fər ðə juˈkreɪniən ˈprɛzɪdənt tɪ əˈpɔɪnt ˈsinjər ˈʤəʤɪz ɔn ðə ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃən əv ðə ˈkaʊnsəl, bət dɪz nɑt gɪv ɪm ər hər ðə raɪt tɪ ˈriʤɛkt ɪts ˌnɑməˈniz. ˈoʊnli ðə ˈkaʊnsəl kən dɪsˈmɪs ˈʤəʤɪz. ˈsinjər ˈʤəʤɪz wɪl bi əˈpɔɪntɪd fər ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl tərm əv faɪv jɪrz. ˈæftər ðɪs, ðeɪ məst səbˈmɪt tɪ ə əv ðɛr kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃənz ənd ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti; ˈoʊnli beɪst ɔn ðɪs rɪˈzəlt kən ðeɪ ðɛn bi əˈpɔɪntɪd fər ən ˌɪnˈdɛfənət tərm. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈmɛni əˈpɛrəntli kərəpt ˈʤəʤɪz hæv bɪn ˌriəˈpɔɪnɪd. mɔˈroʊvər, ðə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ðə lɔ rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ˈmɛni kɔrt ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts biɪŋ fər ə θərd ər ˈivɪn fɔrθ taɪm, dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən ɔn ðɛr ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈɔfəs fər mɔr ðən tu kənˈsɛkjətɪv tərmz. ˈminˌwaɪl, mɔr ðən ˈʤəʤɪz hæv rɪˈtaɪrd ˈərli, ˈmɛni əv ðɛm pəˈtɛnʃəli ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈvɔɪd səbˈmɪtɪŋ ˈɔnˌlaɪn wɛlθ ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃənz. ə 2017 poʊl əv ˈpəblɪk ˈætəˌtudz təˈwɔrdz ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət fjuər ðən 6 pər sɛnt əv rɪˈspɑndənts hæd ˈɛni trəst ɪn ðə kɔrts ən ɪnˈtaɪərli nu səˈprim kɔrt ɪz biɪŋ sɛt əp. ɪt wɪl ˌriˈpleɪs θri ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd kɔrts ənd ðə ˈkɑrənt səˈprim kɔrt, ənd wɪl ðəs rɪˈdus fɔr ˈlɛvəlz əv ˈʤəstɪs tɪ θri. əbˈteɪnɪŋ ə ˈfaɪnəl ˈʤəʤmənt ɪn ə keɪs ʃʊd bɪˈkəm kˈwɪkər ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt. ɪn ˈəndər ðə ˈɔspɪsɪz əv ðə haɪ kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃən kəˈmɪʃən əv ˈʤəʤɪz (hqcj*), ˈoʊvər ˈæplɪkənts kəmˈpitɪd fər səˈlɛkʃən ɔn tɪ ə əv 120 ˈkænədɪts tɪ fɪl æt list 65 səˈprim kɔrt pəˈzɪʃənz. ðə ˈkænədɪts wər skrind baɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti ˈkaʊnsəl (pɪk), wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ˈmɛmbərz əv əˈθɔrəˌteɪtɪv. ˌɔlˈðoʊ pɑrts əv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs wər rɪˈmɑrkəbli trænˈspɛrənt, ˈəðərz wər lɛs soʊ. ɪt ɪz ˈhɑrdli ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ðət ˈnumərəs ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈʤəʤɪz feɪld ðə ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən sɛt, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə kˈwɛsʧənz wər ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ədˈvæns. ˈæktɪvɪsts ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ ðət ˈoʊvər 70 pər sɛnt əv ðə ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃənz hæd bɪn ˌɪgˈnɔrd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈleɪtər sɛd ðət 80 pər sɛnt əv ðoʊz hu rɪˈsivd ˈnɛgətɪv əˈsɛsmənts frəm ðə pɪk dɪd nɑt meɪk ɪt tɪ ðə ˈfaɪnəl steɪʤ (ðə haɪ ˈkaʊnsəl əv ˈʤəstɪs ˈnɑməˌneɪtəd 111 ˈkænədɪts fər əˈpɔɪntmənt tɪ ðə səˈprim kɔrt ɔn 29 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2017 25 əv ðə əˈpɔɪntiz hæd bɪn rɪˈʤɛktɪd baɪ ðə pɪk). ðə loʊər tirz əv ˈʤəʤɪz wɪl hæv tɪ teɪk ˈsɪmələr tɛsts ɛz pɑrt əv ðɛr. ɪt ɪz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðət ðə əv əˈpil ˈʤəʤɪz, wɪθ hum ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz wɪl ɛnd əp, kʊd teɪk θri jɪrz. ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd rɪˈmeɪnz ðət, æt bɛst, juˈkreɪn wɪl kriˈeɪt ə mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt səˈprim kɔrt, bət wən ˈoʊnli ˈmɑrʤənəli lɛs ˈplɪtɪkli dɪˈpɛndənt ðən ɪts ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər noʊ ˈkəntri həz ɛmˈbɑrkt ɔn ə ʤuˈdɪʃəl rɪˈnuəl ˈprɔˌsɛs ɔn ðɪs skeɪl, ənd wɪθ səˈsteɪnd pəˈlɪtɪkəl wɪl ɔn ðə pɑrt əv ðə əˈθɔrətiz ənd ˈfɔrən ˈdoʊnərz, bækt baɪ kənˈtɪnjud ˈprɛʃər frəm ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti, ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ meɪk ˈprɑˌgrɛs. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, rɪˈzɪstəns frəm ˈvɛstɪd ˈɪntərɪsts rɪˈmeɪnz strɔŋ, ənd ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd rɪˈmeɪnz ðət, æt bɛst, juˈkreɪn wɪl kriˈeɪt ə mɔr ɪˈfɪʃənt səˈprim kɔrt, bət wən ˈoʊnli ˈmɑrʤənəli lɛs ˈplɪtɪkli dɪˈpɛndənt ðən ɪts ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər. ˈʧælənʤ ɪz tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ə nu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˈʤəʤɪz wɪθ ə ˈkəlʧər əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ənd ˌɑbʤɛkˈtɪvɪti. ˌɪˈnɛvətəbli, ðɪs wɪl bi ə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈprɑʤɛkt. ɪn ðə, rɪˈfɔrm ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈgrɛsɪŋ sˈloʊli, wɪθ ə nu ˈkædri əv ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz ˈnidɪd. ɪn 2015 mɔr ðən ɪkˈstərnəl ˈkænədɪts əˈplaɪd fər 155 pəˈzɪʃənz ɛz hɛdz əv ˈloʊkəl kɔrts. nɑt wən wɑz səkˈsɛsfəl. ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ɪz ˈwaɪdli rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ðə læst ˈbæsʧən əv ˈvɛstɪd ˈɪntərɪsts, ənd ɪt ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ðət ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈnɑməˌneɪts ðə ˈkænədɪt fər ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər ˈʤɛnərəl. ɪn ə fərst stɛp, ðə həz ɪˈstæblɪʃt ən ˌɪnˈspɛktərət ˈʤɛnərəl, huz hɛd wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd wɪθ ˈɪnˌpʊt frəm ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti, tɪ stɑrt ˈwidɪŋ aʊt kərəpt əˈfɪʃəlz wɪˈθɪn ɪts oʊn ræŋks. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə rɪˈmeɪnz ə ˈlɑrʤli ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ənd həz rɪˈteɪnd paʊərz, ˌɪnˈhɛrətɪd frəm ˈsoʊviˌɛt deɪz, əv boʊθ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ənd prəˈsiʤərəl ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt əv ˈkeɪsɪz. ðiz paʊərz meɪk ɪt ˈiziər tɪ brɪŋ ˈkeɪsɪz tɪ kɔrt bɪˈkəz ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ ˈwɛðər ðɛr ɪz ə ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ˈprɑspɛkt əv kənˈvɪkʃən ɪz ðə seɪm wən ˈkɛriɪŋ aʊt ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ pəˈlɪtɪˌsaɪz ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ənd ðɛn pæs ɪt tɪ ə kəmˈplaɪənt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri ɪz ə ˈrɛsəpi fər ðə kərəpt ˈpræktɪsɪz əv ðoʊz ɪn paʊər. waɪl ðə ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪv ˈfəŋkʃənz əv ðə ər du tɪ pæs tɪ ðə nu, ðɛr ər saɪnz ðət ðə prəˈtɛktərz ɪn ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈpɑrləmɛnt wɪʃ tɪ sloʊ daʊn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. kənˈkluʒənz ˈəndər ˌɪnˈtərnəl ənd ɪkˈstərnəl ˈprɛʃər ˈmeɪnli frəm rɪˈfɔrmɪst ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd ˈpɑrləmɛnt ɔn ðə wən hænd, ənd frəm ðə ənd ɔn ðə ˈəðər juˈkreɪn həz ˈteɪkən ɪts fərst ˈsɪriəs stɛps sɪns ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl kərˈəpʃən. ðiz əˈʧivmənts ər kənˈsɪdərəbəl, ˌɪnˈdid rɪˈmɑrkəbəl, baɪ ðə ˈstændərdz əv rɪˈfɔrmz ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðeɪ ər fɑr frəm səˈfɪʃənt tɪ ˈæŋkər ɪn pleɪs ˈoʊvər ðə lɔŋ tərm ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ənd ˈpræktɪsɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ rɪˈdus kərˈəpʃən sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli. tɪ meɪk ˈfərðər ˈprɑˌgrɛs, juˈkreɪn məst ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt rɪˈzəlts baɪ ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðə kənˈvɪkʃənz əv ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl ˈfɪgjərz ˈpriviəsli rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ənˈtəʧəbəl. ɪt məst dɪˈvɛləp ɛz ɪts tɔp praɪˈɔrəti ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri. ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv kɔrts, ər ən ˈʧeɪmbər, stæft wɪθ ˈʤəʤɪz hu hæv ˌəndərˈgɔn ə ˈrɪgərəs səˈlɛkʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs (ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ənd ˈfɔrən ˈspɛʃəlɪsts) wʊd prəˈvaɪd ə weɪ tɪ əˈʧiv ˈræpɪd rɪˈzəlts, ənd kʊd sərv ɛz ə ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪp ðət rɪˈfɔrmərz kʊd ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt ənd ɪkˈstɛnd əˈkrɔs ðə ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈsɪstəm. ˈprɑˌgrɛs soʊ fɑr ɔn ʤuˈdɪʃəl rɪˈfɔrm həz bɪn ˈlɪmɪtɪd ənd kʊd teɪk jɪrz tɪ riʧ ðə əˈpil kɔrts ənd kɔrts. ðə dɪˈzaɪər fər həz ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdəd wɪθ ðə dɪˈzaɪər əv ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən (ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈbɑdi riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ʤuˈdɪʃəl rɪˈfɔrm) tɪ rɪˈteɪn ˈɪnfluəns ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrts. ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ə nu səˈprim kɔrt, ðə ɪkˈspɛktɪd ˈɪnˌfləks əv ə nu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˈʤəʤɪz tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbərz hu hæv lɛft ðə prəˈfɛʃən sɪns 2014 ənd ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt fər ˈʤəʤɪz tɪ dɪˈklɛr ðɛr ˈæˌsɛts ənd ˈɪnˌkəm ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs hoʊld ˈprɑməs ðət ðə ˈkəlʧər əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri meɪ stɑrt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ənd ðət ɪt wɪl əˈdɑpt haɪər prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈstændərdz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ pɑrts əv ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm ər ɪn ˈərʤənt nid əv ˈoʊvərˌhɔl. ˈɛni ˈfərðər dɪˌsɛlərˈeɪʃən əv ʤuˈdɪʃəl rɪˈfɔrm, ɪf əˈkəmpənid baɪ dɪˈleɪz tɪ ˈɛfərts tɪ skeɪl bæk ðə ˈfəŋkʃənz əv ðə, ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ liv ðə ənd ðə ˈplɪtɪkli ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ənd æt rɪsk əv ˈluzɪŋ ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti wɪθ ðə ˈpəblɪk. ðə juˈkreɪniən ˈpəblɪk ˈərʤəntli nidz tɪ si ˈkrɪmənəl kənˈvɪkʃənz. tɪ kənˈsɑlɪˌdeɪt ˈprɑˌgrɛs, ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈdoʊnərz wɪl nid tɪ stænd ðɛr graʊnd. ðə ˈplɪtɪkli ˈæktɪv pɑrt əv juˈkreɪniən soʊˈsaɪɪti wɪl nid tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ˈmoʊbəˌlaɪzd əˈgɛnst ðə ‘‘old’*’ ˈɛfərts tɪ rɪˈteɪn paʊər, ənd wɪl nid tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ðə ˈɛfərts tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈoʊnli ˈpɑrʃəl ‘‘europeanization’*’ əv ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz. ˈfərðər ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn rɪˈdusɪŋ kərˈəpʃən wɪl ˈəltəmətli dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃən əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈfæktərz. tɪ bɪˈgɪn wɪθ, ɪt wɪl bi ɛˈsɛnʃəl tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðə moʊˈmɛntəm fər prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ənd dɪˈtərɪŋ kərˈəpʃən baɪ ˈstrɛŋθənɪŋ ðə ˈkəlʧər əv trænˈspɛrənsi ənd ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪŋ ðoʊz hu hæv dɪˈfrɔdɪd ðə steɪt. tɪ du ðɪs wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər, ɛz ˈnoʊtɪd əˈbəv, ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv kɔrts ər, æt ðə list, ə nu pɑrt əv ðə ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈsɪstəm ˈkɑmpətɪntli stæft ənd fri frəm ɪkˈstərnəl ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns. ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti əv ˈʤəʤɪz ənd wɪl nid ˈsɪriəs kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ðə ˈoʊvərˌhɔl əv ðə lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz nidz tɪ kənˈtɪnju. ðə ˈkəlʧər əv ðə ənd ðə wɪl hæv tɪ bi ˈgræʤuəli trænˈsplæntɪd ˈɪntu ðə nu ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ˈeɪʤənsi, ðə, ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈɪntu ən ɪnˈtaɪərli riˈvæmpt ʃɔrn əv ɪts ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪv ˈfəŋkʃənz ənd rɪˈzɪstənt tɪ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns. pəˈlis rɪˈfɔrm məst kənˈtɪnju əˈlɔŋ ðə laɪnz ðət lɛd tɪ ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ðə pəˈtroʊl pəˈlis. ðɪs wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ə nu ˈiθɑs wɪˈθɪn ðə pəˈlis ˈsərvɪs ənd ˈreɪzɪŋ ˈsæləriz. ˈklɪrli, pɑrts əv ðɪs əˈʤɛndə wɪl dɪˈpɛnd ɔn səkˈsɛsfəl ˈsɪvəl ˈsərvɪs rɪˈfɔrm ənd ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ə nu ˈkəlʧər wɪˈθɪn ˈpəblɪk ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. ðɪs wɪl nɑt bi ˈpɑsəbəl wɪˈθaʊt ˈreɪzɪŋ ˈsæləriz, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ rɪˈdus ðə nəˈsɛsɪti fər əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ ˈɛkˌstrækt braɪbz. rɪˈfɔrmz məst ɪkˈstɛnd tɪ ðə ˈhɛlθˌkɛr ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈsɛktərz, wɛr kərəpt ˈpræktɪsɪz ər ðə nɔrm. ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪn ðiz ˈsɛktərz ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ðə ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti əv ðə əˈʤɛndə bɪˈkəz hɛlθ ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən prəˈfɛʃənəlz hæv ðə moʊst ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ðə ˈpəblɪk. ˈprɑpərli kənˈdəktəd ˈpraɪvətəˈzeɪʃən əv ɛz wɛl ɛz diˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ənd ˌsɪmpləfɪˈkeɪʃən əv ðə ˈbɪznɪs ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt wɪl ˈfərðər rɪˈdus ðə speɪs fər kərˈəpʃən, ənd wɪl kənˈtrɪbjut sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli tɪ ðə iz əv duɪŋ ˈbɪznɪs. ˈbɪznɪs, fər ɪts pɑrt, məst ˌɪmˈpruv ˈkɔrpərət ˈgəvərnəns ənd ˌɪnˈkris trænˈspɛrənsi. ðɪs ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ɪn ˈkəmpəˌniz, wɪʧ stænd tɪ ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm ðə əˈpɔɪntmənt əv ˈfɔrən ˈnɑnɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktərz. ðə ˈbɪgəst ənˈnoʊn ɪn ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz ðə fˈjuʧər dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv state’*’, ðə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈɪntərɪsts ðət ˈkæpʧərd soʊ məʧ əv ɪts ˈpɑləˌtɪks, ˈgəvərnmənt məˈʃinəri ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk laɪf ˌbiˈfɔr 2014 ˈblədid ənd ˈwikənd baɪ, ɪt həz riˈtritɪd ənd ˈpɑrʃəli riˈgrupt. ɪts ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈmɑdəl ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər səˈsteɪnəbəl, ənd ˈlɑʤɪk ˈdɪkˌteɪts ðət ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ə ˈlɑrʤər ənd mɔr ˈpaʊərfəl ˈlɑbi əv wɪl kɔz ɪts ˈɪnfluəns tɪ dɪˈmɪnɪʃ ˈfərðər. ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv nu pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrtiz əˈpɪrɪŋ ðət ər nɑt ˈbɪznɪs ˈprɑʤɛkts, ənd ðət ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪnli kəˈnɛkt soʊˈsaɪɪti wɪθ ɪts ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz, həz ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ ˈfərðər ɪmˈpaʊər dɪˈmɑkrəsi, trænsˈfɔrmɪŋ ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd ðə ˈkɑndəkt əv ˈgəvərnmənt. fər ðə ˈmoʊmənt, ðə ˈɛfərt ɪz æt ən ˌɛmbriˈɑnɪk steɪʤ. ɪt kʊd bi sloʊd daʊn ər ˈpɑrʃəli rɪˈvərst. ðə ˈdipər ðə rɪˈfɔrmz stɑrt tɪ ˈpɛnəˌtreɪt, ðə mɔr rɪˈzɪstəns ðeɪ ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ ɪnˈkaʊnər, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ɛˈsɛnʃəl ðət ˈsɪvəl soʊˈsaɪɪti rɪˈmeɪnz ɪnˈgeɪʤd ənd ðət ˈfɔrən ˈdoʊnərz kənˈtɪnju tɪ əˈplaɪ kənˌdɪʃəˈnælɪti tɪ ðɛr səˈpɔrt əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt. ðə rɪˈzəlts əv rɪˈfɔrmz ɪn roʊˈmeɪniə ənd bəlˈgɛriə prəˈvaɪd tu kənˈtræstɪŋ ɪgˈzæmpəlz ðət rɪˈfɔrmərz ʃʊd kənˈsɪdər ðə rɪˈzəlts əv rɪˈfɔrmz ɪn roʊˈmeɪniə ənd bəlˈgɛriə prəˈvaɪd tu kənˈtræstɪŋ ɪgˈzæmpəlz ðət rɪˈfɔrmərz ʃʊd kənˈsɪdər. ɪn roʊˈmeɪniə, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə kəˈlæps əv ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm, ɪt tʊk mɔr ðən 22 jɪrz fər ðə əˈθɔrətiz tɪ ˌɪmˈprɪzən ðə fərst ˈsinjər ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɪʃəl fər ə kərˈəpʃən offence*. sɪns ðət taɪm, ðə ˈpɪkʧər həz ˌɪmˈpruvd: ðə roʊˈmeɪniən ˈeɪʤənsi həz ˌɛnərˈʤɛtɪkli pərˈsud ˈhənərdz əv ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl əˈfɪʃəlz, ˈmɛni əv hum hæv gɔn tɪ ʤeɪl. jɛt rɪˈzɪstəns wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈsɪstəm rɪˈmeɪnz, ənd ɛz ðə ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz əv ˈərli 2017 ʃoʊd, roʊˈmeɪniən soʊˈsaɪɪti rɪˈmeɪnz ˈdipli dɪˈsætəsˌfaɪd wɪθ ðə ˈrulɪŋ əˈtɛmpts tɪ ˈɪnsəˌleɪt ˌɪtˈsɛlf frəm ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz. baɪ ˈkɑntræst, ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn bəlˈgɛriə ɪz fɑr ˈblikər. ˈpaʊərfəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪntərɪsts, ˈæˌlaɪd wɪθ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd kraɪm, hæv ˈstræŋgəld ˈɛfərts tɪ rɪˈdus kərˈəpʃən, dɪˈtərɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ənd sloʊɪŋ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ. ðə spid ənd ˈifɛktɪvnəs əv rɪˈfɔrmz ɪn ðə ɪn ɛˈstoʊniə, ɛz kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ðə məʧ lɛs səkˈsɛsfəl ˈɛfərts ɪn ˈlætviə, ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪd ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈlɛsənz ðət ər ˈæpləkəbəl tɪ juˈkreɪn. juˈkreɪn dɪz nɑt hæv ðə ˈləgʒəri əv taɪm. wɪˈθaʊt ə pərˈsɛptəbəl ˈbreɪkθˌru ɪn rɪˈdusɪŋ kərˈəpʃən, ˌɪnˈvɛstərz wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ steɪ əˈweɪ, ˈsoʊʃəl dɪskənˈtɛnt wɪl raɪz, ənd ðə ˈkəntri rɪsks bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈplɪtɪkli ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli ənˈsteɪbəl. wɪθ pəˈlɪtɪkəl wɪl, rɪˈfɔrmz nid nɑt bi ə tæsk ənd kən meɪk ðɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊ əˈvɔɪdəbəl.
|
washington, sept 6 (reuters) - new york is investigating whether mylan pharmaceuticals violated antitrust laws in its contracts to provide to some school systems, state attorney general eric schneiderman said in a statement on tuesday.
a person briefed on the matter said office has subpoenaed documents from mylan over the program.
“if mylan engaged in business practices, or violated antitrust laws with the intent and effect of limiting lower cost competition, we will hold them accountable,” schneiderman said in a statement.
“allergy sufferers have enough concerns to worry about the availability of medical treatment should not be one of them,” he said.
there have been allegations that schools which used4schools program, which gives many schools the devices for free, were contractually barred from buying products from mylan competitors for a year. senators richard blumenthal and amy asked the federal trade commission on tuesday to investigate the claims.
mylan did not address possible antitrust implications in a statement issued on tuesday, but said it had already scrapped some contractual restrictions. it also said it had provided of the devices free of charge to some schools.
“previously, schools who wished to purchase beyond those they were eligible to receive free under the program could elect to do so at a certain discount level with a limited purchase restriction, but such restriction no longer remains,” spokeswoman lauren said in an emailed statement.
mylan has been criticized - including by democratic presidential candidate hillary clinton - for sharp price increases for, often carried by people with life-threatening allergies. mylan raised the price from about $100 in 2008 to about $600 currently. the company has offered some discounts but this has done little to allay concerns.
|
ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, sɛpt 6 (ˈrɔɪtərz) nu jɔrk ɪz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ˈwɛðər ˈmaɪlən ˌfɑrməˈsutɪkəlz ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ˌæntaɪˈtrəst lɔz ɪn ɪts ˈkɑnˌtrækts tɪ prəˈvaɪd tɪ səm skul ˈsɪstəmz, steɪt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ˈɛrɪk ʃˈnaɪdərmən sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ. ə ˈpərsən brift ɔn ðə ˈmætər sɛd ˈɔfəs həz səˈpinəd ˈdɑkjəmənts frəm ˈmaɪlən ˈoʊvər ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. ˈmaɪlən ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈbɪznɪs ˈpræktɪsɪz, ər ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ˌæntaɪˈtrəst lɔz wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnt ənd ˈifɛkt əv ˈlɪmətɪŋ loʊər kɔst ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən, wi wɪl hoʊld ðɛm accountable,”*,” ʃˈnaɪdərmən sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. ˈsəfərərz hæv ɪˈnəf kənˈsərnz tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt ðə əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti əv ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈtritmənt ʃʊd nɑt bi wən əv them,”*,” hi sɛd. ðɛr hæv bɪn ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ðət skulz wɪʧ juzd ˈproʊˌgræm, wɪʧ gɪvz ˈmɛni skulz ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪz fər fri, wər kənˈtrækʧuəli bɑrd frəm baɪɪŋ ˈprɑdəkts frəm ˈmaɪlən kəmˈpɛtɪtərz fər ə jɪr. ˈsɛnətərz ˈrɪʧərd ˈblumənˌθɔl ənd ˈeɪmi æst ðə ˈfɛdərəl treɪd kəˈmɪʃən ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ðə kleɪmz. ˈmaɪlən dɪd nɑt ˈæˌdrɛs ˈpɑsəbəl ˌæntaɪˈtrəst ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈɪʃud ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, bət sɛd ɪt hæd ɔˈrɛdi skræpt səm kənˈtrækʧuəl riˈstrɪkʃənz. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ɪt hæd prəˈvaɪdɪd əv ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪz fri əv ʧɑrʤ tɪ səm skulz. ““previously*, skulz hu wɪʃt tɪ ˈpərʧəs bɪɔnd ðoʊz ðeɪ wər ˈɛlɪʤəbəl tɪ rɪˈsiv fri ˈəndər ðə ˈproʊˌgræm kʊd ɪˈlɛkt tɪ du soʊ æt ə ˈsərtən ˈdɪskaʊnt ˈlɛvəl wɪθ ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈpərʧəs riˈstrɪkʃən, bət səʧ riˈstrɪkʃən noʊ ˈlɔŋgər remains,”*,” ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən ˈlɔrən sɛd ɪn ən iˈmeɪld ˈsteɪtmənt. ˈmaɪlən həz bɪn ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ baɪ ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən fər ʃɑrp praɪs ˌɪnˈkrisɪz fər, ˈɔfən ˈkɛrid baɪ ˈpipəl wɪθ ˈlaɪfθˌrɛtnɪŋ ˈælərʤiz. ˈmaɪlən reɪzd ðə praɪs frəm əˈbaʊt 100 ɪn 2008 tɪ əˈbaʊt 600 ˈkərəntli. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz ˈɔfərd səm ˈdɪˌskaʊnts bət ðɪs həz dən ˈlɪtəl tɪ əˈleɪ kənˈsərnz.
|
team liquid are the victors of the international 7, a 2 tournament with over $24 million in prize pool. the european squad will take home the share at $10,806,301 after an historic sweep of team.
coming up through the bracket, the five players of liquid are both the first team to have ever swept the grand finals at ti, and also the first to win after dropping in the first round of the bracket. after a year of strong performances and by international competitor “kuroky” takhasomi.
team liquid, hot off a series against forever young, returned once again to a prophet for ivan “mind_control” ivanov in game 1. ability to maneuver around the map and pressure opponents early made ivanov a strong presence early on, securing a series of kills and helping put liquid up six kills in six minutes. despite brief signs of life from, a full team wipe inside the radiant base led to a at 27 minutes, putting liquid up one game in the finals.
in game 2, it was turn to take the steering wheel, especially for song “sccc” chun. with prophet finally banned out, early skirmishes kept going in favor and liquid became fodder, biding time for amer “miracle-” to accumulate the items he would need to take back control of the game.
advertisement
though it looked bleak, enough time was bought and liquid broke the high ground at 29 minutes after a massive from damien “kpii” chok, who leaped into battle and burned his ultimate on an unnoticed sphere (an item can block spells like legion duel).
team liquid, coming in from the bracket, closed out the match and were sitting on a lead against, with one game between the team and a $10 million finish. at this point, needed to stay alive, liquid needed just one game, and beach balls of unknown origin were flooding key arena.
advertisement
early trades back and forth set the tempo for game 3. both teams sought the early advantage, with only a mild difference of gold separating them. gradually, started to establish a lead, using the vision and presence of wards to control the map. one fight at pit swung the lead back to liquid, thanks to a massive echo slam from one of the breakout players, “gh” merhej. liquid secured a foothold, and despite the reviving aegis expiring literally moments prior to a death, the western team continued to slowly siege the base, inching to an historic win.
advertisement
one final fight sealed the deal, handing liquid the aegis and a dollar win, capping off an incredible two weeks of 2.
|
tim ˈlɪkwɪd ər ðə ˈvɪktərz əv ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl 7 ə 2 ˈtʊrnəmənt wɪθ ˈoʊvər 24 ˈmɪljən ɪn praɪz pul. ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən skwɑd wɪl teɪk hoʊm ðə ʃɛr æt ˈæftər ən hɪˈstɔrɪk swip əv tim. ˈkəmɪŋ əp θru ðə ˈbrækɪt, ðə faɪv pleɪərz əv ˈlɪkwɪd ər boʊθ ðə fərst tim tɪ hæv ˈɛvər swɛpt ðə grænd ˈfaɪnəlz æt ti, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ðə fərst tɪ wɪn ˈæftər ˈdrɑpɪŋ ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd əv ðə ˈbrækɪt. ˈæftər ə jɪr əv strɔŋ pərˈfɔrmənsɪz ənd baɪ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kəmˈpɛtɪtər ““kuroky”*” takhasomi*. tim ˈlɪkwɪd, hɑt ɔf ə ˈsɪriz əˈgɛnst fərˈɛvər jəŋ, rɪˈtərnd wəns əˈgɛn tɪ ə ˈprɑfət fər ˈaɪvən ““mind_control”*” ˈɪvənɑv ɪn geɪm 1 əˈbɪləˌti tɪ məˈnuvər əraʊnd ðə mæp ənd ˈprɛʃər əˈpoʊnənts ˈərli meɪd ˈɪvənɑv ə strɔŋ ˈprɛzəns ˈərli ɔn, sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ ə ˈsɪriz əv kɪlz ənd ˈhɛlpɪŋ pʊt ˈlɪkwɪd əp sɪks kɪlz ɪn sɪks ˈmɪnəts. dɪˈspaɪt brif saɪnz əv laɪf frəm, ə fʊl tim waɪp ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈreɪˌdiənt beɪs lɛd tɪ ə æt 27 ˈmɪnəts, ˈpʊtɪŋ ˈlɪkwɪd əp wən geɪm ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəlz. ɪn geɪm 2 ɪt wɑz tərn tɪ teɪk ðə ˈstɪrɪŋ wil, əˈspɛʃəli fər sɔŋ ““sccc”*” ʧən. wɪθ ˈprɑfət ˈfaɪnəli bænd aʊt, ˈərli ˈskərmɪʃɪz kɛpt goʊɪŋ ɪn ˈfeɪvər ənd ˈlɪkwɪd bɪˈkeɪm ˈfɑdər, ˈbaɪdɪŋ taɪm fər ˈeɪmər ““miracle-”*-” tɪ əˈkjumjəˌleɪt ðə ˈaɪtəmz hi wʊd nid tɪ teɪk bæk kənˈtroʊl əv ðə geɪm. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ðoʊ ɪt lʊkt blik, ɪˈnəf taɪm wɑz bɔt ənd ˈlɪkwɪd broʊk ðə haɪ graʊnd æt 29 ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ə ˈmæsɪv frəm ˈdeɪmiən ““kpii”*” ʧɑk, hu lɛpt ˈɪntu ˈbætəl ənd bərnd hɪz ˈəltəmət ɔn ən ənˈnoʊtɪst sfɪr (ən ˈaɪtəm kən blɑk spɛlz laɪk ˈliʤən duəl). tim ˈlɪkwɪd, ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn frəm ðə ˈbrækɪt, kloʊzd aʊt ðə mæʧ ənd wər ˈsɪtɪŋ ɔn ə lɛd əˈgɛnst, wɪθ wən geɪm bɪtˈwin ðə tim ənd ə 10 ˈmɪljən ˈfɪnɪʃ. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt, ˈnidɪd tɪ steɪ əˈlaɪv, ˈlɪkwɪd ˈnidɪd ʤɪst wən geɪm, ənd biʧ bɔlz əv ənˈnoʊn ˈɔrəʤən wər ˈflədɪŋ ki ərˈinə. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈərli treɪdz bæk ənd fɔrθ sɛt ðə ˈtɛmˌpoʊ fər geɪm 3 boʊθ timz sɔt ðə ˈərli ædˈvæntɪʤ, wɪθ ˈoʊnli ə maɪld ˈdɪfərəns əv goʊld ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪŋ ðɛm. ˈgræʤuəli, ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə lɛd, ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈvɪʒən ənd ˈprɛzəns əv wɔrdz tɪ kənˈtroʊl ðə mæp. wən faɪt æt pɪt swəŋ ðə lɛd bæk tɪ ˈlɪkwɪd, θæŋks tɪ ə ˈmæsɪv ˈɛkoʊ slæm frəm wən əv ðə ˈbreɪˌkaʊt pleɪərz, ““gh”*” merhej*. ˈlɪkwɪd sɪˈkjʊrd ə ˈfʊˌthoʊld, ənd dɪˈspaɪt ðə rɪˈvaɪvɪŋ ˈiʤəs ɪkˈspaɪrɪŋ ˈlɪtərəli ˈmoʊmənts praɪər tɪ ə dɛθ, ðə ˈwɛstərn tim kənˈtɪnjud tɪ sˈloʊli siʤ ðə beɪs, ˈɪnʧɪŋ tɪ ən hɪˈstɔrɪk wɪn. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt wən ˈfaɪnəl faɪt sild ðə dil, ˈhændɪŋ ˈlɪkwɪd ðə ˈiʤəs ənd ə ˈdɔlər wɪn, ˈkæpɪŋ ɔf ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl tu wiks əv 2
|
around the internet there is a japanese term,, which is short for “maji de kara yamero” or “stop because you seriously seem to be losing your mind”. needless to say a convenient word.
perhaps a good example of is in the sushi world. with all of less traditional sushi restaurants known as “sushi trains” competing for attention, they often come out with some toppings, and sometimes things go too far.
in the true spirit of journalism, our reporter nakano has been out and about finding the most sushi in the land from bacon sushi to rice omelet sushi. now his travels bring him to first ever sushi train chain sushi and their latest offering: blueberry cream sushi.
nakano is usually very daring when it comes to sushi. he downed the sushi ice cream cone with hardly a flinch and took on two courses of pungently odorous fermented topping sushi. however, something about the blueberry cream sushi had spooked him prior to setting off for sushi. it was probably trying to imagine the sensation of mixing rice and creamy blueberries that set him off.
nevertheless, sushi was first sushi train restaurant in which small plates of sushi are passed by customers on a conveyor belt. still going strong today, they have the most experience in the game.
nakano focused on that though in the few minutes it took the sushi to arrive after he had ordered it.
his stomach turned just looking at it. there were small flakes of cereal mixed in with the rice and heaps of cream cheese on top. on top of each piece of sushi sat a single blueberry. nakano confirmed the blueberry count during and extended period of poking and prodding at the food with his chopsticks.
something about this particular combination of ingredients offended sensibilities greatly, and under other circumstances he would have discarded this abomination. however, he was on a mission to catch all of the sushi in and become a sushi master, just like in that hit video game he used to ambition.
he went in for his first, nervous bite.
ah! much to our surprise, blueberry cream sushi completely altogether all that bad, per se. it was kind of like a traditional japanese dessert with the combination of rice and sweet foods. however, the tastes were bold, much like if a western food maker attempted to recreate these confections.
he had survived! alright! now onto the real sushi.
nakano felt pretty proud of himself for having endured blueberry cream sushi, but as a japanese person he felt a little uncertain that it should be classified as real sushi. that being said, as far as sushi is concerned, blueberry cream sushi is among the highest ranks for its concept.
if you want a weird sushi experience with a great result, nakano would recommend the sushi of sushiro, but if looking for a wild ride blueberry cream sushi is worth checking out. furthermore, if one of those aspiring sushi masters, both are required eating.
source: sushi
original article by nakano
photos
[ read in japanese ]
|
əraʊnd ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ðɛr ɪz ə ˌʤæpəˈniz tərm,, wɪʧ ɪz ʃɔrt fər də ˈkɛrə yamero”*” ər bɪˈkəz ju ˈsɪriəsli sim tɪ bi ˈluzɪŋ jʊr mind”*”. ˈnidləs tɪ seɪ ə kənˈvinjənt wərd. pərˈhæps ə gʊd ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ɪz ɪn ðə ˈsuʃi wərld. wɪθ ɔl əv lɛs trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈsuʃi ˈrɛˌstrɑnts noʊn ɛz trains”*” kəmˈpitɪŋ fər əˈtɛnʃən, ðeɪ ˈɔfən kəm aʊt wɪθ səm ˈtɑpɪŋz, ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz θɪŋz goʊ tu fɑr. ɪn ðə tru ˈspɪrɪt əv ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm, ɑr rɪˈpɔrtər nɑˈkɑnoʊ həz bɪn aʊt ənd əˈbaʊt ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðə moʊst ˈsuʃi ɪn ðə lænd frəm ˈbeɪkən ˈsuʃi tɪ raɪs ˈɑmlət ˈsuʃi. naʊ hɪz ˈtrævəlz brɪŋ ɪm tɪ fərst ˈɛvər ˈsuʃi treɪn ʧeɪn ˈsuʃi ənd ðɛr ˈleɪtəst ˈɔfərɪŋ: ˈbluˌbɛri krim ˈsuʃi. nɑˈkɑnoʊ ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli ˈvɛri ˈdɛrɪŋ wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈsuʃi. hi daʊnd ðə ˈsuʃi aɪs krim koʊn wɪθ ˈhɑrdli ə flɪnʧ ənd tʊk ɔn tu ˈkɔrsɪz əv ˈpənʤəntli ˈoʊdərəs fərˈmɛntəd ˈtɑpɪŋ ˈsuʃi. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈbluˌbɛri krim ˈsuʃi hæd spukt ɪm praɪər tɪ ˈsɛtɪŋ ɔf fər ˈsuʃi. ɪt wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli traɪɪŋ tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ðə sɛnˈseɪʃən əv ˈmɪksɪŋ raɪs ənd ˈkrimi ˈbluˌbɛriz ðət sɛt ɪm ɔf. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, ˈsuʃi wɑz fərst ˈsuʃi treɪn ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ɪn wɪʧ smɔl pleɪts əv ˈsuʃi ər pæst baɪ ˈkəstəmərz ɔn ə kənˈveɪər bɛlt. stɪl goʊɪŋ strɔŋ təˈdeɪ, ðeɪ hæv ðə moʊst ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn ðə geɪm. nɑˈkɑnoʊ ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðət ðoʊ ɪn ðə fju ˈmɪnəts ɪt tʊk ðə ˈsuʃi tɪ əraɪv ˈæftər hi hæd ˈɔrdərd ɪt. hɪz ˈstəmək tərnd ʤɪst ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ɪt. ðɛr wər smɔl fleɪks əv ˈsɪriəl mɪkst ɪn wɪθ ðə raɪs ənd hips əv krim ʧiz ɔn tɔp. ɔn tɔp əv iʧ pis əv ˈsuʃi sæt ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈbluˌbɛri. nɑˈkɑnoʊ kənˈfərmd ðə ˈbluˌbɛri kaʊnt ˈdʊrɪŋ ənd ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈpɪriəd əv ˈpoʊkɪŋ ənd ˈprɑdɪŋ æt ðə fud wɪθ hɪz ˈʧɑpˌstɪks. ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ˌɪnˈgridiənts əˈfɛndɪd ˌsɛnsɪˈbɪlɪtiz ˈgreɪtli, ənd ˈəndər ˈəðər ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz hi wʊd hæv dɪˈskɑrdɪd ðɪs əˌbɑməˈneɪʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hi wɑz ɔn ə ˈmɪʃən tɪ kæʧ ɔl əv ðə ˈsuʃi ɪn ənd bɪˈkəm ə ˈsuʃi ˈmæstər, ʤɪst laɪk ɪn ðət hɪt ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm hi juzd tɪ æmˈbɪʃən. hi wɛnt ɪn fər hɪz fərst, ˈnərvəs baɪt. ɑ! məʧ tɪ ɑr səˈpraɪz, ˈbluˌbɛri krim ˈsuʃi kəmˈplitli ˌɔltəˈgɛðər ɔl ðət bæd, pər seɪ. ɪt wɑz kaɪnd əv laɪk ə trəˈdɪʃənəl ˌʤæpəˈniz dɪˈzərt wɪθ ðə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv raɪs ənd swit fudz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə teɪsts wər boʊld, məʧ laɪk ɪf ə ˈwɛstərn fud ˈmeɪkər əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ˈrɛkriˌeɪt ðiz kənˈfɛkʃənz. hi hæd sərˈvaɪvd! ˌɔˈlraɪt! naʊ ˈɔntu ðə ril ˈsuʃi. nɑˈkɑnoʊ fɛlt ˈprɪti praʊd əv hɪmˈsɛlf fər ˈhævɪŋ ɪnˈdʊrd ˈbluˌbɛri krim ˈsuʃi, bət ɛz ə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈpərsən hi fɛlt ə ˈlɪtəl ənˈsərtən ðət ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ɛz ril ˈsuʃi. ðət biɪŋ sɛd, ɛz fɑr ɛz ˈsuʃi ɪz kənˈsərnd, ˈbluˌbɛri krim ˈsuʃi ɪz əˈməŋ ðə haɪəst ræŋks fər ɪts ˈkɑnsɛpt. ɪf ju wɔnt ə wɪrd ˈsuʃi ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪθ ə greɪt rɪˈzəlt, nɑˈkɑnoʊ wʊd ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðə ˈsuʃi əv sushiro*, bət ɪf ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə waɪld raɪd ˈbluˌbɛri krim ˈsuʃi ɪz wərθ ˈʧɛkɪŋ aʊt. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ɪf wən əv ðoʊz əˈspaɪrɪŋ ˈsuʃi ˈmæstərz, boʊθ ər rikˈwaɪərd ˈitɪŋ. sɔrs: ˈsuʃi ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɑrtɪkəl baɪ nɑˈkɑnoʊ ˈfoʊˌtoʊz rɛd ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz
|
how to rewire your brain to be more kind toward others
kindness is the state of caring about other well-being and taking action to help make other lives better and happier.
it is a social glue that allows us to connect with others and build meaningful relationships with them
when someone does something kind for us, we like them more and we want to cooperate with them more.
when we do something kind for someone, we earn their trust and respect, and we feel better about ourselves for being a good person.
kindness is a reciprocal relationship. it becomes a cycle that strengthens our bond with friends, family, lovers, coworkers, and acquaintances.
the more we practice kindness, the easier it is.
every thought and action we do fires neurons in our brain. the more these neural pathways are fired, the easier it becomes to activate them. so the more we repeat acts of kindness, the easier it is to do them in the future.
here are scientifically supported ways we can increase our kindness toward others.
get your intentions right
having good intentions is the first step toward being kinder toward others and building positive relationships with them.
research on good intentions has shown that when people know we are acting with their best interests at heart, this improves their experiences with us and makes them more pleasurable.
cultivating the right attitude about others is often necessary before we start acting in kinder ways.
if we approach the world with a cynical mindset, people are going to notice that and not want to be around us.
but if we approach the world with a positive and optimistic mindset, people are going to be attracted to that and want to spend more time with us.
in a small but significant way, people with good intentions make the world a better place.
see from the other perspective
the practice of is a scientifically supported technique that we can use to increase empathy and kindness toward others.
the aim of this technique is to imagine ourselves experiencing a situation from another perspective. how would you feel if you were them? what thoughts would you have? how would you act if you were in their shoes?
by answering these questions, we can gain a deeper understanding of why people act the way they do. helps us step out of our narrow mind and see the world through the lens of another conscious being.
and by understanding people better we learn to interact with them better, be nicer to them, and even forgive them when they do things we normally understand.
practice kindness in small doses
kindness starts as a thought but ends as an action.
acting kindly toward others is the only real way to let people know we care about them and their happiness. without action, kindness just lives in our minds but never touches the real world.
being kind to others have to be complex or fancy. sometimes the simplest acts of kindness are seen as the most sincere, such as holding the door, helping with directions, saying “please” and “thank you,” or even just a smile.
start there and then build to acts of kindness that take a little more effort. here is a list of 30 acts of kindness you can try out have fun with it and make it into a 30 day challenge.
kindness is like a muscle, the more we exercise it the better we are at it.
pause when you get angry or frustrated
an important part of being a kind person is knowing how to control our anger and frustration.
it’s natural for us to occasionally be upset with other people; however, we should try our best to channel these emotions in constructive ways, not lash out, yell, insult, or be aggressive.
one recommended technique to overcome these impulsive emotions is called a stop meditation. it allows us to take a short pause and reflect on our thoughts and feelings before acting on them.
often by creating a “pause” between our thoughts and actions, we can what doing in the moment and change our direction if we find ourselves wanting to do something stupid or destructive.
so when someone pisses you off and you want to yell at them, take a mental “step back” breathe a few deep breaths and then focus back on the situation with a clear mind.
try a meditation
loving-kindness meditation is a popular technique in buddhism designed to cultivate warm, positive feelings toward all conscious beings.
the meditation begins with focusing on yourself and loving yourself fully and completely. you then extend these good feelings of love toward family, friends, coworkers, acquaintances, and even enemies. the goal by the end of the meditation is to be radiating good vibes toward everyone in the world.
often times practitioners will use visualization and affirmations to increase the effectiveness of the meditation. for complete instructions on this meditation, check out the second part of this article.
recent research in neuroscience has showed that this meditation can leave changes in the brain if practiced on a regular basis.
stay updated on new articles and resources in psychology and self improvement:
|
haʊ tɪ riˈwaɪər jʊr breɪn tɪ bi mɔr kaɪnd təˈwɔrd ˈəðərz ˈkaɪndnəs ɪz ðə steɪt əv ˈkɛrɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈəðər ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ ənd ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈækʃən tɪ hɛlp meɪk ˈəðər lɪvz ˈbɛtər ənd ˈhæpiər. ɪt ɪz ə ˈsoʊʃəl glu ðət əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ kəˈnɛkt wɪθ ˈəðərz ənd bɪld ˈminɪŋfəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ðɛm wɪn ˈsəmˌwən dɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ kaɪnd fər ˈjuˈɛs, wi laɪk ðɛm mɔr ənd wi wɔnt tɪ kˈwɑpərˌeɪt wɪθ ðɛm mɔr. wɪn wi du ˈsəmθɪŋ kaɪnd fər ˈsəmˌwən, wi ərn ðɛr trəst ənd rɪˈspɛkt, ənd wi fil ˈbɛtər əˈbaʊt ɑrˈsɛlvz fər biɪŋ ə gʊd ˈpərsən. ˈkaɪndnəs ɪz ə rɪˈsɪprəkəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp. ɪt bɪˈkəmz ə ˈsaɪkəl ðət ˈstrɛŋθənz ɑr bɑnd wɪθ frɛndz, ˈfæməli, ˈləvərz, ˈkoʊˈwərkərz, ənd əkˈweɪntənsɪz. ðə mɔr wi ˈpræktɪs ˈkaɪndnəs, ðə ˈiziər ɪt ɪz. ˈɛvəri θɔt ənd ˈækʃən wi du faɪərz ˈnʊrɑnz ɪn ɑr breɪn. ðə mɔr ðiz ˈnʊrəl ˈpæθˌweɪz ər faɪərd, ðə ˈiziər ɪt bɪˈkəmz tɪ ˈæktəˌveɪt ðɛm. soʊ ðə mɔr wi rɪˈpit ækts əv ˈkaɪndnəs, ðə ˈiziər ɪt ɪz tɪ du ðɛm ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. hir ər ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkəli səˈpɔrtɪd weɪz wi kən ˌɪnˈkris ɑr ˈkaɪndnəs təˈwɔrd ˈəðərz. gɪt jʊr ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz raɪt ˈhævɪŋ gʊd ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz ɪz ðə fərst stɛp təˈwɔrd biɪŋ ˈkaɪndər təˈwɔrd ˈəðərz ənd ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈpɑzətɪv riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ðɛm. ˈrisərʧ ɔn gʊd ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz həz ʃoʊn ðət wɪn ˈpipəl noʊ wi ər ˈæktɪŋ wɪθ ðɛr bɛst ˈɪntərɪsts æt hɑrt, ðɪs ˌɪmˈpruvz ðɛr ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs ənd meɪks ðɛm mɔr ˈplɛʒərəbəl. ˈkəltɪˌveɪtɪŋ ðə raɪt ˈætəˌtud əˈbaʊt ˈəðərz ɪz ˈɔfən ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˌbiˈfɔr wi stɑrt ˈæktɪŋ ɪn ˈkaɪndər weɪz. ɪf wi əˈproʊʧ ðə wərld wɪθ ə ˈsɪnɪkəl ˈmaɪndˌsɛt, ˈpipəl ər goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈnoʊtɪs ðət ənd nɑt wɔnt tɪ bi əraʊnd ˈjuˈɛs. bət ɪf wi əˈproʊʧ ðə wərld wɪθ ə ˈpɑzətɪv ənd ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk ˈmaɪndˌsɛt, ˈpipəl ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi əˈtræktəd tɪ ðət ənd wɔnt tɪ spɛnd mɔr taɪm wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs. ɪn ə smɔl bət sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt weɪ, ˈpipəl wɪθ gʊd ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz meɪk ðə wərld ə ˈbɛtər pleɪs. si frəm ðə ˈəðər pərˈspɛktɪv ðə ˈpræktɪs əv ɪz ə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkəli səˈpɔrtɪd tɛkˈnik ðət wi kən juz tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˈɛmpəθi ənd ˈkaɪndnəs təˈwɔrd ˈəðərz. ðə eɪm əv ðɪs tɛkˈnik ɪz tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ɑrˈsɛlvz ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən frəm əˈnəðər pərˈspɛktɪv. haʊ wʊd ju fil ɪf ju wər ðɛm? wət θɔts wʊd ju hæv? haʊ wʊd ju ækt ɪf ju wər ɪn ðɛr ʃuz? baɪ ˈænsərɪŋ ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz, wi kən geɪn ə ˈdipər ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv waɪ ˈpipəl ækt ðə weɪ ðeɪ du. hɛlps ˈjuˈɛs stɛp aʊt əv ɑr ˈnɛroʊ maɪnd ənd si ðə wərld θru ðə lɛnz əv əˈnəðər ˈkɑnʃəs biɪŋ. ənd baɪ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ˈpipəl ˈbɛtər wi lərn tɪ ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ ðɛm ˈbɛtər, bi ˈnaɪsər tɪ ðɛm, ənd ˈivɪn fərˈgɪv ðɛm wɪn ðeɪ du θɪŋz wi ˈnɔrməli ˌəndərˈstænd. ˈpræktɪs ˈkaɪndnəs ɪn smɔl ˈdoʊsɪz ˈkaɪndnəs stɑrts ɛz ə θɔt bət ɛndz ɛz ən ˈækʃən. ˈæktɪŋ ˈkaɪndli təˈwɔrd ˈəðərz ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ril weɪ tɪ lɛt ˈpipəl noʊ wi kɛr əˈbaʊt ðɛm ənd ðɛr ˈhæpinəs. wɪˈθaʊt ˈækʃən, ˈkaɪndnəs ʤɪst lɪvz ɪn ɑr maɪndz bət ˈnɛvər ˈtəʧɪz ðə ril wərld. biɪŋ kaɪnd tɪ ˈəðərz hæv tɪ bi ˈkɑmplɛks ər ˈfænsi. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə ˈsɪmpləst ækts əv ˈkaɪndnəs ər sin ɛz ðə moʊst sɪnˈsɪr, səʧ ɛz ˈhoʊldɪŋ ðə dɔr, ˈhɛlpɪŋ wɪθ dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz, seɪɪŋ ““please”*” ənd you,”*,” ər ˈivɪn ʤɪst ə smaɪl. stɑrt ðɛr ənd ðɛn bɪld tɪ ækts əv ˈkaɪndnəs ðət teɪk ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈɛfərt. hir ɪz ə lɪst əv 30 ækts əv ˈkaɪndnəs ju kən traɪ aʊt hæv fən wɪθ ɪt ənd meɪk ɪt ˈɪntu ə 30 deɪ ˈʧælənʤ. ˈkaɪndnəs ɪz laɪk ə ˈməsəl, ðə mɔr wi ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɪt ðə ˈbɛtər wi ər æt ɪt. pɔz wɪn ju gɪt ˈæŋgri ər ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pɑrt əv biɪŋ ə kaɪnd ˈpərsən ɪz noʊɪŋ haʊ tɪ kənˈtroʊl ɑr ˈæŋgər ənd frəˈstreɪʃən. ˈnæʧərəl fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli bi ˈəpˌsɛt wɪθ ˈəðər ˈpipəl; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi ʃʊd traɪ ɑr bɛst tɪ ˈʧænəl ðiz ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz ɪn kənˈstrəktɪv weɪz, nɑt læʃ aʊt, jɛl, ˌɪnˈsəlt, ər bi əˈgrɛsɪv. wən ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd tɛkˈnik tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ðiz ˌɪmˈpəlsɪv ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz ɪz kɔld ə stɑp ˌmɛdəˈteɪʃən. ɪt əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ teɪk ə ʃɔrt pɔz ənd rɪˈflɛkt ɔn ɑr θɔts ənd ˈfilɪŋz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈæktɪŋ ɔn ðɛm. ˈɔfən baɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ““pause”*” bɪtˈwin ɑr θɔts ənd ˈækʃənz, wi kən wət duɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈmoʊmənt ənd ʧeɪnʤ ɑr dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ɪf wi faɪnd ɑrˈsɛlvz ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈstupɪd ər dɪˈstrəktɪv. soʊ wɪn ˈsəmˌwən ˈpɪˌsɪz ju ɔf ənd ju wɔnt tɪ jɛl æt ðɛm, teɪk ə ˈmɛntəl back”*” brið ə fju dip brɛθs ənd ðɛn ˈfoʊkɪs bæk ɔn ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɪθ ə klɪr maɪnd. traɪ ə ˌmɛdəˈteɪʃən ˌmɛdəˈteɪʃən ɪz ə ˈpɑpjələr tɛkˈnik ɪn ˈbudɪzəm dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈkəltəˌveɪt wɔrm, ˈpɑzətɪv ˈfilɪŋz təˈwɔrd ɔl ˈkɑnʃəs biɪŋz. ðə ˌmɛdəˈteɪʃən bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ˈjɔrsɛlf ənd ˈləvɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈfʊli ənd kəmˈplitli. ju ðɛn ɪkˈstɛnd ðiz gʊd ˈfilɪŋz əv ləv təˈwɔrd ˈfæməli, frɛndz, ˈkoʊˈwərkərz, əkˈweɪntənsɪz, ənd ˈivɪn ˈɛnəmiz. ðə goʊl baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˌmɛdəˈteɪʃən ɪz tɪ bi ˈreɪdiˌeɪtɪŋ gʊd vaɪbz təˈwɔrd ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðə wərld. ˈɔfən taɪmz prækˈtɪʃənərz wɪl juz ˌvɪʒwələˈzeɪʃən ənd ˌæfərˈmeɪʃənz tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈifɛktɪvnəs əv ðə ˌmɛdəˈteɪʃən. fər kəmˈplit ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz ɔn ðɪs ˌmɛdəˈteɪʃən, ʧɛk aʊt ðə ˈsɛkənd pɑrt əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl. ˈrisənt ˈrisərʧ ɪn nˈjʊroʊˌsaɪəns həz ʃoʊd ðət ðɪs ˌmɛdəˈteɪʃən kən liv ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə breɪn ɪf ˈpræktɪst ɔn ə ˈrɛgjələr ˈbeɪsɪs. steɪ ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ɔn nu ˈɑrtɪkəlz ənd ˈrisɔrsɪz ɪn saɪˈkɑləʤi ənd sɛlf ˌɪmˈpruvmənt:
|
it’s something we learn from an early age, and into our minds through our education, programs, and even major advertisements.
yet, people still take part in something that they know could eventually kill them. to this day, it still boggles my mind.
why on earth do people still pick up cigarettes? never be able to explain it to me. sure, i might be stubborn about it, but i think justified. forced to breathe in disgusting smoke on a daily basis on this campus. had people close to me suffer from lung cancer without ever having touched a cigarette. i can surely tell you every negative effect of smoking and secondhand smoke; however, sure heard it before. if unaware, just pick up your pack of cigarettes and read the surgeon warning.
in new jersey, smoking was banned in most public places years ago. no longer do you need to suffer from the horrible smell and feeling after coming in contact with cigarette smoke when you go to the bowling alley or even a bar. the law even affects beaches and other outdoor areas. so, needless to say, coming to a campus full of smokers was pretty for me.
i had obviously come in contact with smokers before, but not to this degree. simple things like walking to class and going for a jog all of a sudden became an issue because i would get stuck behind, or even just walk by, someone blowing smoke.
like i said, i just get it. i understand that there is an addictive side to it, but, i see why one would even pick it up for the first time. not an image thing. i can tell you right now that, for most people, smoking is a turn off. nothing says grimy like yellow teeth and constant coughing.
i can also tell you that millions of kids across the country participate in the d.a.r.e. program. also seen the “truth” campaigns against “big tobacco.” it is common knowledge that smoking is a direct link to lung cancer. you know bad for you, so why do it?
these are the thoughts behind potential plans to make penn state a campus. courtney lennartz, president of the university park undergraduate association, spoke at their weekly meeting yesterday about how many other schools have policies on campus, including several penn state branch campuses. she said that penn state administration might be receptive to that policy, although conversations are still in the preliminary stages.
if you tell, i be happier. this should be implemented far and wide. your decision to smoke, but it should be done in a place that i, or any one else who wants to stay away, have to come in contact with it. this could even become a benefit to those attempting to quit. with no place to smoke, be forced to smoke less throughout their day on campus. i am in full support of this move, and i urge this initiative to move forward.
sure, people could argue that making this campus would be a violation of their rights, but, what about my rights to breathe clean air that are violated on a daily basis?
your ad blocker is on. please choose an option below.
sign up sign up for our e-mail newsletter: or support quality journalism:
about the author
maddy pryor i'm a 2013 penn state alum with a b. a. in public relations as well as minors in history and communications arts and sciences. i am proudly from neptune, and talk about it at any opportunity possible. i love college basketball and am a big fan of penn state basketball, as well as their official student section, nation. i'm a big supporter of relay for life of penn state as well as thon and coaches vs. cancer.
east renovation continues with approval for sproul, geary halls penn board of trustees approved the next phase of east halls renovations at its meeting friday, setting the stage for construction to begin on sproul and geary halls.
|
it’s* ˈsəmθɪŋ wi lərn frəm ən ˈərli eɪʤ, ənd ˈɪntu ɑr maɪndz θru ɑr ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ˈproʊˌgræmz, ənd ˈivɪn ˈmeɪʤər ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts. jɛt, ˈpipəl stɪl teɪk pɑrt ɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ðeɪ noʊ kʊd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli kɪl ðɛm. tɪ ðɪs deɪ, ɪt stɪl ˈbɑgəlz maɪ maɪnd. waɪ ɔn ərθ du ˈpipəl stɪl pɪk əp ˌsɪgəˈrɛts? ˈnɛvər bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ɪt tɪ mi. ʃʊr, aɪ maɪt bi ˈstəbərn əˈbaʊt ɪt, bət aɪ θɪŋk ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd. fɔrst tɪ brið ɪn dɪsˈgəstɪŋ smoʊk ɔn ə ˈdeɪli ˈbeɪsɪs ɔn ðɪs ˈkæmpəs. hæd ˈpipəl kloʊz tɪ mi ˈsəfər frəm ləŋ ˈkænsər wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛvər ˈhævɪŋ təʧt ə ˌsɪgəˈrɛt. aɪ kən ˈʃʊrli tɛl ju ˈɛvəri ˈnɛgətɪv ˈifɛkt əv sˈmoʊkɪŋ ənd ˈsɛkənˌdhænd smoʊk; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ʃʊr hərd ɪt ˌbiˈfɔr. ɪf ˌənəˈwɛr, ʤɪst pɪk əp jʊr pæk əv ˌsɪgəˈrɛts ənd rɛd ðə ˈsərʤɪn ˈwɔrnɪŋ. ɪn nu ˈʤərzi, sˈmoʊkɪŋ wɑz bænd ɪn moʊst ˈpəblɪk ˈpleɪsɪz jɪrz əˈgoʊ. noʊ ˈlɔŋgər du ju nid tɪ ˈsəfər frəm ðə ˈhɔrəbəl smɛl ənd ˈfilɪŋ ˈæftər ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ˌsɪgəˈrɛt smoʊk wɪn ju goʊ tɪ ðə ˈboʊlɪŋ ˈæli ər ˈivɪn ə bɑr. ðə lɔ ˈivɪn əˈfɛkts ˈbiʧɪz ənd ˈəðər ˈaʊtˌdɔr ˈɛriəz. soʊ, ˈnidləs tɪ seɪ, ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ə ˈkæmpəs fʊl əv sˈmoʊkərz wɑz ˈprɪti fər mi. aɪ hæd ˈɑbviəsli kəm ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ sˈmoʊkərz ˌbiˈfɔr, bət nɑt tɪ ðɪs dɪˈgri. ˈsɪmpəl θɪŋz laɪk ˈwɔkɪŋ tɪ klæs ənd goʊɪŋ fər ə ʤɑg ɔl əv ə ˈsədən bɪˈkeɪm ən ˈɪʃu bɪˈkəz aɪ wʊd gɪt stək bɪˈhaɪnd, ər ˈivɪn ʤɪst wɔk baɪ, ˈsəmˌwən bloʊɪŋ smoʊk. laɪk aɪ sɛd, aɪ ʤɪst gɪt ɪt. aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ðɛr ɪz ən əˈdɪktɪv saɪd tɪ ɪt, bət, aɪ si waɪ wən wʊd ˈivɪn pɪk ɪt əp fər ðə fərst taɪm. nɑt ən ˈɪmɪʤ θɪŋ. aɪ kən tɛl ju raɪt naʊ ðət, fər moʊst ˈpipəl, sˈmoʊkɪŋ ɪz ə tərn ɔf. ˈnəθɪŋ sɪz ˈgraɪmi laɪk ˈjɛloʊ tiθ ənd ˈkɑnstənt ˈkɑfɪŋ. aɪ kən ˈɔlsoʊ tɛl ju ðət ˈmɪljənz əv kɪdz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ðə d.a.r.e*. ˈproʊˌgræm. ˈɔlsoʊ sin ðə ““truth”*” kæmˈpeɪnz əˈgɛnst tobacco.”*.” ɪt ɪz ˈkɑmən ˈnɑlɪʤ ðət sˈmoʊkɪŋ ɪz ə dɪˈrɛkt lɪŋk tɪ ləŋ ˈkænsər. ju noʊ bæd fər ju, soʊ waɪ du ɪt? ðiz ər ðə θɔts bɪˈhaɪnd pəˈtɛnʃəl plænz tɪ meɪk pɛn steɪt ə ˈkæmpəs. ˈkɔrtni ˈlɛnɑrts, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti pɑrk ˌəndərˈgræʤəwət əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, spoʊk æt ðɛr ˈwikli ˈmitɪŋ ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ əˈbaʊt haʊ ˈmɛni ˈəðər skulz hæv ˈpɑləsiz ɔn ˈkæmpəs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl pɛn steɪt brænʧ ˈkæmpəsɪz. ʃi sɛd ðət pɛn steɪt ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən maɪt bi rɪˈsɛptɪv tɪ ðət ˈpɑləsi, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz ər stɪl ɪn ðə prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˈsteɪʤɪz. ɪf ju tɛl, aɪ bi ˈhæpiər. ðɪs ʃʊd bi ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd fɑr ənd waɪd. jʊr dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ smoʊk, bət ɪt ʃʊd bi dən ɪn ə pleɪs ðət aɪ, ər ˈɛni wən ɛls hu wɔnts tɪ steɪ əˈweɪ, hæv tɪ kəm ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ɪt. ðɪs kʊd ˈivɪn bɪˈkəm ə ˈbɛnəfɪt tɪ ðoʊz əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ kwɪt. wɪθ noʊ pleɪs tɪ smoʊk, bi fɔrst tɪ smoʊk lɛs θruaʊt ðɛr deɪ ɔn ˈkæmpəs. aɪ æm ɪn fʊl səˈpɔrt əv ðɪs muv, ənd aɪ ərʤ ðɪs ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv tɪ muv ˈfɔrwərd. ʃʊr, ˈpipəl kʊd ˈɑrgju ðət ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɪs ˈkæmpəs wʊd bi ə vaɪəˈleɪʃən əv ðɛr raɪts, bət, wət əˈbaʊt maɪ raɪts tɪ brið klin ɛr ðət ər ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ɔn ə ˈdeɪli ˈbeɪsɪs? jʊr æd ˈblɑkər ɪz ɔn. pliz ʧuz ən ˈɔpʃən bɪˈloʊ. saɪn əp saɪn əp fər ɑr ˈiˌmeɪl ˈnuzˌlɛtər: ər səˈpɔrt kˈwɑləti ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm: əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɔθər ˈmædi praɪər əm ə 2013 pɛn steɪt ˈæləm wɪθ ə bi. ə. ɪn ˈpəblɪk riˈleɪʃənz ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈmaɪnərz ɪn ˈhɪstəri ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ɑrts ənd ˈsaɪənsɪz. aɪ æm ˈpraʊdli frəm ˈnɛptun, ənd tɔk əˈbaʊt ɪt æt ˈɛni ˌɑpərˈtunəti ˈpɑsəbəl. aɪ ləv ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈbæskətˌbɔl ənd æm ə bɪg fæn əv pɛn steɪt ˈbæskətˌbɔl, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðɛr əˈfɪʃəl ˈstudənt ˈsɛkʃən, ˈneɪʃən. əm ə bɪg səˈpɔrtər əv ˈriˌleɪ fər laɪf əv pɛn steɪt ɛz wɛl ɛz θɑn ənd ˈkoʊʧɪz ˈvərsəz. ˈkænsər. ist ˌrɛnəˈveɪʃən kənˈtɪnjuz wɪθ əˈpruvəl fər spraʊl, ˈgɪri hɔlz pɛn bɔrd əv ˌtrəˈstiz əˈpruvd ðə nɛkst feɪz əv ist hɔlz ˈrɛnəˌveɪʃənz æt ɪts ˈmitɪŋ ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈsɛtɪŋ ðə steɪʤ fər kənˈstrəkʃən tɪ bɪˈgɪn ɔn spraʊl ənd ˈgɪri hɔlz.
|
overland park, kan., july 13, 2015 - sprint (nyse:s) has launched its innovative direct 2 you service in four more metropolitan areas dallas, detroit, tampa and washington, d.c. with direct 2 you, customers can meet a wireless sales representative virtually whenever and wherever they want for.
through this offering, a sprint expert helps customers set up a new mobile device as well as transfer content from the comfort of home, workplace or literally anywhere someone chooses.
“we listen to our customers, which is why during the past year worked tirelessly to improve network, value and customer service,” said rod millar, vice president for sprint. “direct2you is all about taking the best customer experience one step further and addressing pain points for the customer. it makes buying a phone a unique and experience.”
the direct 2 you experience is easy and simple. schedule an appointment by calling or through https://sprintdirect2you.com. at an arranged and specific time a direct 2 you expert will come to the location. in addition to helping the customer select a new phone, the expert will activate it and transfer content, including contacts, pictures, games and apps, to ensure the device is ready to go. the expert will also offer personalized training and tips to help the customer become familiar with using the mobile device.
with expansion, the service is now available in major metropolitan areas across the country including chicago, dallas, denver, kansas city, los angeles, miami, new york, san francisco, tampa, washington, d.c. and surrounding areas. the service is anticipated to continue to roll out to more markets across the country throughout 2015.
for full version click here.
about sprint:
sprint (nyse: s) is a communications services company that creates more and better ways to connect its customers to the things they care about most. sprint served more than 57 million connections as of march 31, 2015 and is widely recognized for developing, engineering and deploying innovative technologies, including the first wireless service from a national carrier in the united states; leading brands including virgin mobile usa, boost mobile, and assurance wireless; instant national and international capabilities; and a global tier 1 internet backbone. sprint has been named to the dow jones sustainability index (djsi) north america for the past four years. you can learn more and visit sprint at or and www.twitter.com/sprint.
1within participating markets, sprint will have specific delivery zones. upon setting up your appointment, the specialist will determine if your desired location is eligible for direct 2 you.
|
ˈoʊvərˌlænd pɑrk, kæn., ˌʤuˈlaɪ 13 2015 sprɪnt (nyse:s*) həz lɔnʧt ɪts ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv dɪˈrɛkt 2 ju ˈsərvɪs ɪn fɔr mɔr ˌmɛtrəˈpɑlətən ˈɛriəz ˈdæləs, ˈdiˌtrɔɪt, ˈtæmpə ənd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. wɪθ dɪˈrɛkt 2 ju, ˈkəstəmərz kən mit ə ˈwaɪrlɪs seɪlz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ˈvərʧuəli wɛˈnɛvər ənd wɛˈrɛvər ðeɪ wɔnt fər θru ðɪs ˈɔfərɪŋ, ə sprɪnt ˈɛkspərt hɛlps ˈkəstəmərz sɛt əp ə nu ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪs ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈtrænsfər ˈkɑntɛnt frəm ðə ˈkəmfərt əv hoʊm, ˈwərkˌpleɪs ər ˈlɪtərəli ˈɛniˌwɛr ˈsəmˌwən ˈʧuzɪz. ˈlɪsən tɪ ɑr ˈkəstəmərz, wɪʧ ɪz waɪ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə pæst jɪr wərkt ˈtaɪrləsli tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ˈnɛtˌwərk, ˈvælju ənd ˈkəstəmər service,”*,” sɛd rɑd ˈmɪlər, vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt fər sprɪnt. ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə bɛst ˈkəstəmər ɪkˈspɪriəns wən stɛp ˈfərðər ənd æˈdrɛsɪŋ peɪn pɔɪnts fər ðə ˈkəstəmər. ɪt meɪks baɪɪŋ ə foʊn ə juˈnik ənd experience.”*.” ðə dɪˈrɛkt 2 ju ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪz ˈizi ənd ˈsɪmpəl. ˈskɛʤʊl ən əˈpɔɪntmənt baɪ ˈkɔlɪŋ ər θru https://sprintdirect2you.com*. æt ən əreɪnʤd ənd spɪˈsɪfɪk taɪm ə dɪˈrɛkt 2 ju ˈɛkspərt wɪl kəm tɪ ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈhɛlpɪŋ ðə ˈkəstəmər səˈlɛkt ə nu foʊn, ðə ˈɛkspərt wɪl ˈæktəˌveɪt ɪt ənd ˈtrænsfər ˈkɑntɛnt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkɑnˌtækts, ˈpɪkʧərz, geɪmz ənd æps, tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə dɪˈvaɪs ɪz ˈrɛdi tɪ goʊ. ðə ˈɛkspərt wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔfər ˈpərsənəˌlaɪzd ˈtreɪnɪŋ ənd tɪps tɪ hɛlp ðə ˈkəstəmər bɪˈkəm fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪs. wɪθ ɪkˈspænʧən, ðə ˈsərvɪs ɪz naʊ əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ˈmeɪʤər ˌmɛtrəˈpɑlətən ˈɛriəz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, ˈdæləs, ˈdɛnvər, ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti, lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs, maɪˈæmi, nu jɔrk, sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, ˈtæmpə, ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, d.c*. ənd sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈɛriəz. ðə ˈsərvɪs ɪz ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ roʊl aʊt tɪ mɔr ˈmɑrkɪts əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri θruaʊt 2015 fər fʊl ˈvərʒən klɪk hir. əˈbaʊt sprɪnt: sprɪnt (nyse*: ɛs) ɪz ə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈkəmpəˌni ðət kriˈeɪts mɔr ənd ˈbɛtər weɪz tɪ kəˈnɛkt ɪts ˈkəstəmərz tɪ ðə θɪŋz ðeɪ kɛr əˈbaʊt moʊst. sprɪnt sərvd mɔr ðən 57 ˈmɪljən kəˈnɛkʃənz ɛz əv mɑrʧ 31 2015 ənd ɪz ˈwaɪdli ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd fər dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ənd dɪˈplɔɪɪŋ ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv tɛkˈnɑləʤiz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə fərst ˈwaɪrlɪs ˈsərvɪs frəm ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈkɛriər ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts; ˈlidɪŋ brændz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈvərʤɪn ˈmoʊbəl ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ, bust ˈmoʊbəl, ənd əˈʃʊrəns ˈwaɪrlɪs; ˈɪnstənt ˈnæʃənəl ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz; ənd ə ˈgloʊbəl tir 1 ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈbækˌboʊn. sprɪnt həz bɪn neɪmd tɪ ðə daʊ ʤoʊnz səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti ˈɪndɛks (djsi*) nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə fər ðə pæst fɔr jɪrz. ju kən lərn mɔr ənd ˈvɪzɪt sprɪnt æt ər ənd www.twitter.com/sprint*. pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪts, sprɪnt wɪl hæv spɪˈsɪfɪk dɪˈlɪvəri zoʊnz. əˈpɑn ˈsɛtɪŋ əp jʊr əˈpɔɪntmənt, ðə ˈspɛʃəlɪst wɪl dɪˈtərmən ɪf jʊr dɪˈzaɪərd loʊˈkeɪʃən ɪz ˈɛlɪʤəbəl fər dɪˈrɛkt 2 ju.
|
left second issue, “women on the front lines”, is now available to purchase. for every magazine sold, we will donate a dollar to a worker controlled factory in argentina.
october 2011 marked ten years of the occupation of the factory, which began in the midst of a financial crisis. what significance does this hold today?
godoy: the fight at was a response to the capitalist crisis in argentina, which in those years saw the closure of almost 2000 factories.
the first response came from the organizations of unemployed workers, but then came the first factory occupations against closures and layoffs. these not only put private property into question, but also demonstrated that capitalists were not needed. the idea that “we can produce without the bosses” was repeated in different parts of the country.
our experience shows, on a small scale, that workers are capable of providing a and peoples’ solution to business closures, lockouts and unemployment. one that makes the capitalists pay for the crisis.
over the next few weeks we will not only recall those days in which we decided to occupy the plant. we also want our struggle to serve and help many workers to prepare for the future.
and what were the main parts of this process?
the first thing we did was reclaim the (shop / factory committee) from the bureaucracy of the montes brothers, who sold themselves to the company. we proposed some basic objectives: that all decisions would be made by (assembly / mass meeting), that all delegates would be, and that the rights of both permanently employed workers and contractors would be defended equally. the unity of the workers’ ranks was one of our first lines of struggle. in this way we went to work, side by side, with a group of (comrades), from the first conflicts up until the struggle against the organized evacuation of the plant, which ended with the closure of the factory.
we had a very important strike, which became a symbol of our struggle, back in 2000 when our daniel died as a result of the poor health and safety conditions at the factory. another milestone was our reclaiming of the union for the workers, which occurred at an historic assembly in có in province where we prevented the montes bureaucracy from imposing a fraudulent junta electoral (electoral board). it was here that we won control of the union; after this, the vote was a formality because the majority of the workers already supported us. another very important milestone was the 34 day strike in 2001. at this time we stressed to our that we would have to fight hard if we wanted to keep our jobs. “open the accounting books that shows the millions that they have earned in previous years” was the call, and we went forward with this big strike.
then came the occupation, five months of tents, which saw displays of enormous militancy that were later put into the running of the factory. with the objective of workers’ administration, we organized production, created different sectors and commissions for marketing, purchasing, sales, health, safety, press and broadcasting, all with sector coordinators, and a leadership body that discussed the politics of economic management as well as where our struggle was heading. this was a genuine workers’ council: the “coordinators’ meeting”. it was a new experience for us and for thousands of workers that followed us, a school of planning that demonstrated the capacity of the working class to manage the factories.
and workers’ at, in contrast to other experiences, knew it had to surround itself from the beginning with enormous support not only from other workers, but from the community. we received support from our brothers and sisters (the original indigenous peoples of patagonia), together with human rights groups, artists, even the prisoners in unit 11, the prison near, who showed their solidarity by donating several days of food rations to us.
we joined with thousands of the unemployed who were fighting for real work and with students defending public education. this the slogan “zanon belongs to the people, support these workers”, which was raised by thousands of workers who saw as an example of a response to the crisis.
from the beginning we incorporated the demands of different sectors. we also raised another banner: “for a plan of public works, one that generates real jobs, housing, schools and hospitals”; all very pressing demands for a population that suffers a housing and infrastructure crisis, a crisis that leads to little houses burning down in the harsh winters, while millions in royalties flow to the oil companies.
with the students and teachers, we jointly raised the demand for “free and secular public education” that subsequently led to the signing of a pact between our ceramic workers’ union and the university of comahue.
our work in common with other workers’ organizations, in the face of eviction, the bureaucracy and the government, led us to promote a common organization, the regional (coordinating committee) of alto valle. workers from the factories, the public sector, health, teachers, along with organizations of the unemployed, students and the parties all came together there. it was a very important organization in that allowed us to coordinate our actions, to organize solidarity with large actions such as that on 8 april 2003 when the de de la de (aten education workers’ association of) struck in support of the workers of and to have a body for debate among workers opposed to the bureaucracy.
that experience, although it was not extended over time, was very profound. it showed us the kind of organizations of workers’ self-determination we need to organize in moments of crisis, such as that crisis we lived through in those years, and that will come to life in other parts of the world.
all of the work we undertook to unite with other and popular sectors and win the community support that we counted on in those years shows, on a small scale, the potential power of the working class to lead an alliance of all sectors that suffer exploitation and oppression in this society. this alliance that can take on and defeat the capitalists. this allowed us to deal with any eviction attempt and now the attempt to economically suffocate us, which has been pushed forward by the government of the popular the governing party in the province) with the collaboration of the national government, who are both enemies of workers’.
along with workers’, the ceramic workers’ union played a fundamental role . . .
absolutely. in the year 2000, as many know, we threw out the montes bureaucracy. the (brown group) of the soecn, organized on the basis of a program, was put to the test in each of these events that occurred in the province. and not only in. we began to approach each place where there was a struggle: in salta, (a textile factory in buenos aires occupied by its workers in 2001), the oil workers, the popular assemblies, the buenos aires underground). we organized meetings of factories, participated in the assemblies, launched a newspaper called (our struggle), everything that allowed us to unite with those sectors that were fighting against the bureaucracy and the bosses, these were our brothers and sisters. then we proposed and launched various forms of coordination.
and amongst the ceramic workers we set ourselves the objective of revolutionizing the union. many militant have reclaimed their organizations, but they do not fight to get rid of the bureaucratic heritage that remains. many pass through a union, but after they lose it, everything remains the same.
for this reason, and after much discussion, debate and participation we approved the new statutes of the union: that the assembly is sovereign, that all leaders are and that their positions be rotated; that minorities have representation; that the union is a union and is therefore independent of the state, the employers and big business parties, and that it places itself at the service of the class struggle which extends beyond national borders. this is part of the program of the revolutionaries: the struggle against state control of the unions and for workers’ democracy. and we stop there: we cannot simply fight even if at times in a heroic and fashion for only purely claims. we set ourselves the most fundamental goal, the political perspective of the abolition of the exploitation of man by man.
the last step, a very important one, that we took with the of the, was the winning of a seat, a and socialist seat, in the legislature (provincial parliament). it has the characteristic of having won a frontline position within enemy territory, but “with banner unfurled.” we maintain cohesion and have been making the same arguments for all these years. since 2003 a group of leaders have considered the need to make a leap from the union to the political, and we were pushing for the formation of a political tool for workers. in these elections, the constitution of the left front at the national level between the partido de los socialist workers party), the partido (po-workers’ party) and (is socialist left) aroused a lot of enthusiasm among many workers. so we held open of the from the four factories, that link us together with independent, and we jointly decided to be a part of the front in, and to vote for alejandro and i to head the list of deputies. other were added to the different lists of the front within. we also face the prosecution of the government against the left and militant workers and now we continue to fight for the acquittal of all the workers’ and peoples’ fighters, of which there are five thousand across the country and over five hundred in the province, including many ceramic workers, among them alejandro and myself.
translation: sean robertson
in the face of the current “tarifazo” of mauricio macri goverment (massive hikes in electricity and gas prices) and financial hardship, workers have launched a national andtional campaign to establish a solidarity fund in defense of workers’ at the plant. read their letter from the workers of control under worker control), calling for solidarity and donations.
please, donate to their solidarity fund by clicking below:
paypal the safer, easier way to pay online!
this is a translation of an article published in la workers’ truth) no. 447, 6 october 2011. was the newspaper of the partido de los socialist workers party) of argentina between 1996 and 2015.
|
lɛft ˈsɛkənd ˈɪʃu, ɔn ðə frənt lines”*”, ɪz naʊ əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈpərʧəs. fər ˈɛvəri ˈmægəˌzin soʊld, wi wɪl ˈdoʊˌneɪt ə ˈdɔlər tɪ ə ˈwərkər kənˈtroʊld ˈfæktəri ɪn ˌɑrʤənˈtinə. ɑkˈtoʊbər 2011 mɑrkt tɛn jɪrz əv ðə ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən əv ðə ˈfæktəri, wɪʧ bɪˈgæn ɪn ðə mɪst əv ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkraɪsəs. wət sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns dɪz ðɪs hoʊld təˈdeɪ? ˈgɑdɔɪ: ðə faɪt æt wɑz ə rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə ˈkæpətəlɪst ˈkraɪsəs ɪn ˌɑrʤənˈtinə, wɪʧ ɪn ðoʊz jɪrz sɔ ðə ˈkloʊʒər əv ˈɔlˌmoʊst 2000 ˈfæktəriz. ðə fərst rɪˈspɑns keɪm frəm ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz əv ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd ˈwərkərz, bət ðɛn keɪm ðə fərst ˈfæktəri ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ˈkloʊʒərz ənd leɪɔfs. ðiz nɑt ˈoʊnli pʊt ˈpraɪvət ˈprɑpərti ˈɪntu kˈwɛʃən, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ðət ˈkæpətəlɪsts wər nɑt ˈnidɪd. ðə aɪˈdiə ðət kən ˈproʊdus wɪˈθaʊt ðə bosses”*” wɑz rɪˈpitɪd ɪn ˈdɪfərənt pɑrts əv ðə ˈkəntri. ɑr ɪkˈspɪriəns ʃoʊz, ɔn ə smɔl skeɪl, ðət ˈwərkərz ər ˈkeɪpəbəl əv prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ə ənd peoples’*’ səˈluʃən tɪ ˈbɪznɪs ˈkloʊʒərz, ˈlɑˌkaʊts ənd ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt. wən ðət meɪks ðə ˈkæpətəlɪsts peɪ fər ðə ˈkraɪsəs. ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst fju wiks wi wɪl nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈriˌkɔl ðoʊz deɪz ɪn wɪʧ wi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ ðə plænt. wi ˈɔlsoʊ wɔnt ɑr ˈstrəgəl tɪ sərv ənd hɛlp ˈmɛni ˈwərkərz tɪ priˈpɛr fər ðə fˈjuʧər. ənd wət wər ðə meɪn pɑrts əv ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs? ðə fərst θɪŋ wi dɪd wɑz riˈkleɪm ðə (ʃɑp ˈfæktəri kəˈmɪti) frəm ðə bjʊˈrɑkrəsi əv ðə ˈmɑntɛz ˈbrəðərz, hu soʊld ðɛmˈsɛlvz tɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. wi prəˈpoʊzd səm ˈbeɪsɪk əˈbʤɛktɪvz: ðət ɔl dɪˈsɪʒənz wʊd bi meɪd baɪ (əˈsɛmbli mæs ˈmitɪŋ), ðət ɔl ˈdɛləˌgeɪts wʊd bi, ənd ðət ðə raɪts əv boʊθ ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ɪmˈplɔɪd ˈwərkərz ənd ˈkɑnˌtræktərz wʊd bi dɪˈfɛndɪd ˈikwəli. ðə ˈjunɪti əv ðə workers’*’ ræŋks wɑz wən əv ɑr fərst laɪnz əv ˈstrəgəl. ɪn ðɪs weɪ wi wɛnt tɪ wərk, saɪd baɪ saɪd, wɪθ ə grup əv (ˈkɑmˌrædz), frəm ðə fərst ˈkɑnflɪkts əp ənˈtɪl ðə ˈstrəgəl əˈgɛnst ðə ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən əv ðə plænt, wɪʧ ˈɛndɪd wɪθ ðə ˈkloʊʒər əv ðə ˈfæktəri. wi hæd ə ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt straɪk, wɪʧ bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈsɪmbəl əv ɑr ˈstrəgəl, bæk ɪn 2000 wɪn ɑr ˈdænjəl daɪd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə pur hɛlθ ənd ˈseɪfti kənˈdɪʃənz æt ðə ˈfæktəri. əˈnəðər ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn wɑz ɑr riˈkleɪmɪŋ əv ðə ˈjunjən fər ðə ˈwərkərz, wɪʧ əˈkərd æt ən hɪˈstɔrɪk əˈsɛmbli ɪn có*ó ɪn ˈprɑvɪns wɛr wi prɪˈvɛnɪd ðə ˈmɑntɛz bjʊˈrɑkrəsi frəm ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ ə ˈfrɔʤələnt ˈhʊntə ɪˈlɛktərəl (ɪˈlɛktərəl bɔrd). ɪt wɑz hir ðət wi wən kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈjunjən; ˈæftər ðɪs, ðə voʊt wɑz ə fɔrˈmæləti bɪˈkəz ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə ˈwərkərz ɔˈrɛdi səˈpɔrtɪd ˈjuˈɛs. əˈnəðər ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn wɑz ðə 34 deɪ straɪk ɪn 2001 æt ðɪs taɪm wi strɛst tɪ ɑr ðət wi wʊd hæv tɪ faɪt hɑrd ɪf wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ kip ɑr ʤɑbz. ðə əˈkaʊnɪŋ bʊks ðət ʃoʊz ðə ˈmɪljənz ðət ðeɪ hæv ərnd ɪn ˈpriviəs years”*” wɑz ðə kɔl, ənd wi wɛnt ˈfɔrwərd wɪθ ðɪs bɪg straɪk. ðɛn keɪm ðə ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən, faɪv mənθs əv tɛnts, wɪʧ sɔ dɪˈspleɪz əv ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˈmɪlətənsi ðət wər ˈleɪtər pʊt ˈɪntu ðə ˈrənɪŋ əv ðə ˈfæktəri. wɪθ ðə əˈbʤɛktɪv əv workers’*’ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, wi ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd pərˈdəkʃən, kriˈeɪtɪd ˈdɪfərənt ˈsɛktərz ənd kəˈmɪʃənz fər ˈmɑrkətɪŋ, ˈpərʧəsɪŋ, seɪlz, hɛlθ, ˈseɪfti, prɛs ənd ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ, ɔl wɪθ ˈsɛktər koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtərz, ənd ə ˈlidərˌʃɪp ˈbɑdi ðət dɪˈskəst ðə ˈpɑləˌtɪks əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈmænɪʤmənt ɛz wɛl ɛz wɛr ɑr ˈstrəgəl wɑz ˈhɛdɪŋ. ðɪs wɑz ə ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn workers’*’ ˈkaʊnsəl: ðə ““coordinators’*’ meeting”*”. ɪt wɑz ə nu ɪkˈspɪriəns fər ˈjuˈɛs ənd fər ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈwərkərz ðət ˈfɑloʊd ˈjuˈɛs, ə skul əv ˈplænɪŋ ðət ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ðə kəˈpæsɪti əv ðə ˈwərkɪŋ klæs tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ðə ˈfæktəriz. ənd workers’*’ æt, ɪn ˈkɑntræst tɪ ˈəðər ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz, nu ɪt hæd tɪ səraʊnd ˌɪtˈsɛlf frəm ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ wɪθ ɪˈnɔrmɪs səˈpɔrt nɑt ˈoʊnli frəm ˈəðər ˈwərkərz, bət frəm ðə kəmˈjunɪti. wi rɪˈsivd səˈpɔrt frəm ɑr ˈbrəðərz ənd ˈsɪstərz (ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈpipəlz əv ˌpætəˈgoʊniə), təˈgɛðər wɪθ ˈjumən raɪts grups, ˈɑrtɪsts, ˈivɪn ðə ˈprɪzənərz ɪn ˈjunɪt 11 ðə ˈprɪzən nɪr, hu ʃoʊd ðɛr ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti baɪ ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl deɪz əv fud ˈræʃənz tɪ ˈjuˈɛs. wi ʤɔɪnd wɪθ ˈθaʊzənz əv ðə ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd hu wər ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər ril wərk ənd wɪθ ˈstudənts dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. ðɪs ðə sˈloʊgən bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ ðə ˈpipəl, səˈpɔrt ðiz workers”*”, wɪʧ wɑz reɪzd baɪ ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈwərkərz hu sɔ ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ə rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə ˈkraɪsəs. frəm ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ wi ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ðə dɪˈmændz əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈsɛktərz. wi ˈɔlsoʊ reɪzd əˈnəðər ˈbænər: ə plæn əv ˈpəblɪk wərks, wən ðət ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts ril ʤɑbz, ˈhaʊzɪŋ, skulz ənd hospitals”*”; ɔl ˈvɛri ˈprɛsɪŋ dɪˈmændz fər ə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ðət ˈsəfərz ə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ənd ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ˈkraɪsəs, ə ˈkraɪsəs ðət lidz tɪ ˈlɪtəl ˈhaʊsɪz ˈbərnɪŋ daʊn ɪn ðə hɑrʃ ˈwɪntərz, waɪl ˈmɪljənz ɪn ˈrɔɪəltiz floʊ tɪ ðə ɔɪl ˈkəmpəˌniz. wɪθ ðə ˈstudənts ənd ˈtiʧərz, wi ˈʤɔɪntli reɪzd ðə dɪˈmænd fər ənd ˈsɛkjələr ˈpəblɪk education”*” ðət ˈsəbsəkwəntli lɛd tɪ ðə ˈsaɪnɪŋ əv ə pækt bɪtˈwin ɑr sərˈæmɪk workers’*’ ˈjunjən ənd ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv comahue*. ɑr wərk ɪn ˈkɑmən wɪθ ˈəðər workers’*’ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz, ɪn ðə feɪs əv ɪˈvɪkʃən, ðə bjʊˈrɑkrəsi ənd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, lɛd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ prəˈmoʊt ə ˈkɑmən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən, ðə ˈriʤənəl (koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtɪŋ kəˈmɪti) əv ˈæltoʊ veɪl. ˈwərkərz frəm ðə ˈfæktəriz, ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈsɛktər, hɛlθ, ˈtiʧərz, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz əv ðə ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd, ˈstudənts ənd ðə ˈpɑrtiz ɔl keɪm təˈgɛðər ðɛr. ɪt wɑz ə ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ɪn ðət əˈlaʊd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt ɑr ˈækʃənz, tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti wɪθ lɑrʤ ˈækʃənz səʧ ɛz ðət ɔn 8 ˈeɪprəl 2003 wɪn ðə də də lɑ də (ˈeɪtən ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən workers’*’ əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən əv) strək ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ðə ˈwərkərz əv ənd tɪ hæv ə ˈbɑdi fər dəˈbeɪt əˈməŋ ˈwərkərz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ðə bjʊˈrɑkrəsi. ðət ɪkˈspɪriəns, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt wɑz nɑt ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈoʊvər taɪm, wɑz ˈvɛri proʊˈfaʊnd. ɪt ʃoʊd ˈjuˈɛs ðə kaɪnd əv ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz əv workers’*’ ˈsɛlfdɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən wi nid tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ɪn ˈmoʊmənts əv ˈkraɪsəs, səʧ ɛz ðət ˈkraɪsəs wi lɪvd θru ɪn ðoʊz jɪrz, ənd ðət wɪl kəm tɪ laɪf ɪn ˈəðər pɑrts əv ðə wərld. ɔl əv ðə wərk wi ˌəndərˈtʊk tɪ ˈjuˌnaɪt wɪθ ˈəðər ənd ˈpɑpjələr ˈsɛktərz ənd wɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti səˈpɔrt ðət wi ˈkaʊntɪd ɔn ɪn ðoʊz jɪrz ʃoʊz, ɔn ə smɔl skeɪl, ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl paʊər əv ðə ˈwərkɪŋ klæs tɪ lɛd ən əˈlaɪəns əv ɔl ˈsɛktərz ðət ˈsəfər ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ənd əˈprɛʃən ɪn ðɪs soʊˈsaɪɪti. ðɪs əˈlaɪəns ðət kən teɪk ɔn ənd dɪˈfit ðə ˈkæpətəlɪsts. ðɪs əˈlaʊd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ dil wɪθ ˈɛni ɪˈvɪkʃən əˈtɛmpt ənd naʊ ðə əˈtɛmpt tɪ ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli ˈsəfəˌkeɪt ˈjuˈɛs, wɪʧ həz bɪn pʊʃt ˈfɔrwərd baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əv ðə ˈpɑpjələr ðə ˈgəvərnɪŋ ˈpɑrti ɪn ðə ˈprɑvɪns) wɪθ ðə kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈgəvərnmənt, hu ər boʊθ ˈɛnəmiz əv workers’*’. əˈlɔŋ wɪθ workers’*’, ðə sərˈæmɪk workers’*’ ˈjunjən pleɪd ə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl roʊl ˌæbsəˈlutli. ɪn ðə jɪr 2000 ɛz ˈmɛni noʊ, wi θru aʊt ðə ˈmɑntɛz bjʊˈrɑkrəsi. ðə (braʊn grup) əv ðə soecn*, ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ə ˈproʊˌgræm, wɑz pʊt tɪ ðə tɛst ɪn iʧ əv ðiz ɪˈvɛnts ðət əˈkərd ɪn ðə ˈprɑvɪns. ənd nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪn. wi bɪˈgæn tɪ əˈproʊʧ iʧ pleɪs wɛr ðɛr wɑz ə ˈstrəgəl: ɪn salta*, (ə ˈtɛkˌstaɪl ˈfæktəri ɪn bˈweɪnəs ˈɛriz ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd baɪ ɪts ˈwərkərz ɪn 2001 ðə ɔɪl ˈwərkərz, ðə ˈpɑpjələr əˈsɛmbliz, ðə bˈweɪnəs ˈɛriz ˈəndərˌgraʊnd). wi ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˈmitɪŋz əv ˈfæktəriz, pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ɪn ðə əˈsɛmbliz, lɔnʧt ə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər kɔld (ɑr ˈstrəgəl), ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðət əˈlaʊd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈjuˌnaɪt wɪθ ðoʊz ˈsɛktərz ðət wər ˈfaɪtɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə bjʊˈrɑkrəsi ənd ðə ˈbɔsɪz, ðiz wər ɑr ˈbrəðərz ənd ˈsɪstərz. ðɛn wi prəˈpoʊzd ənd lɔnʧt ˈvɛriəs fɔrmz əv koʊˌɔrdəˈneɪʃən. ənd əˈməŋst ðə sərˈæmɪk ˈwərkərz wi sɛt ɑrˈsɛlvz ðə əˈbʤɛktɪv əv ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈjunjən. ˈmɛni ˈmɪlətənt hæv riˈkleɪmd ðɛr ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz, bət ðeɪ du nɑt faɪt tɪ gɪt rɪd əv ðə ˌbjʊrəˈkrætɪk ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ðət rɪˈmeɪnz. ˈmɛni pæs θru ə ˈjunjən, bət ˈæftər ðeɪ luz ɪt, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ rɪˈmeɪnz ðə seɪm. fər ðɪs ˈrizən, ənd ˈæftər məʧ dɪˈskəʃən, dəˈbeɪt ənd pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən wi əˈpruvd ðə nu ˈstæʧuts əv ðə ˈjunjən: ðət ðə əˈsɛmbli ɪz ˈsɑvrən, ðət ɔl ˈlidərz ər ənd ðət ðɛr pəˈzɪʃənz bi ˈroʊˌteɪtɪd; ðət məˈnɔrətiz hæv ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən; ðət ðə ˈjunjən ɪz ə ˈjunjən ənd ɪz ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt əv ðə steɪt, ðə ɪmˈplɔɪərz ənd bɪg ˈbɪznɪs ˈpɑrtiz, ənd ðət ɪt ˈpleɪsɪz ˌɪtˈsɛlf æt ðə ˈsərvɪs əv ðə klæs ˈstrəgəl wɪʧ ɪkˈstɛndz bɪɔnd ˈnæʃənəl ˈbɔrdərz. ðɪs ɪz pɑrt əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm əv ðə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛriz: ðə ˈstrəgəl əˈgɛnst steɪt kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈjunjənz ənd fər workers’*’ dɪˈmɑkrəsi. ənd wi stɑp ðɛr: wi ˈkænɑt ˈsɪmpli faɪt ˈivɪn ɪf æt taɪmz ɪn ə hɪˈroʊɪk ənd ˈfæʃən fər ˈoʊnli ˈpjʊrli kleɪmz. wi sɛt ɑrˈsɛlvz ðə moʊst ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl goʊl, ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl pərˈspɛktɪv əv ðə ˌæbəˈlɪʃən əv ðə ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən əv mæn baɪ mæn. ðə læst stɛp, ə ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt wən, ðət wi tʊk wɪθ ðə əv ðə, wɑz ðə ˈwɪnɪŋ əv ə sit, ə ənd ˈsoʊʃəlɪst sit, ɪn ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər (prəˈvɪnʃəl ˈpɑrləmɛnt). ɪt həz ðə ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪk əv ˈhævɪŋ wən ə ˈfrənˌtlaɪn pəˈzɪʃən wɪˈθɪn ˈɛnəmi ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, bət ˈbænər unfurled.”*.” wi meɪnˈteɪn koʊˈhiʒən ənd hæv bɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈɑrgjəmənts fər ɔl ðiz jɪrz. sɪns 2003 ə grup əv ˈlidərz hæv kənˈsɪdərd ðə nid tɪ meɪk ə lip frəm ðə ˈjunjən tɪ ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl, ənd wi wər ˈpʊʃɪŋ fər ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl tul fər ˈwərkərz. ɪn ðiz ɪˈlɛkʃənz, ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən əv ðə lɛft frənt æt ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈlɛvəl bɪtˈwin ðə pɑrˈtidoʊ də lɔs ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈwərkərz ˈpɑrti), ðə pɑrˈtidoʊ (po-workers’*’ ˈpɑrti) ənd (ɪz ˈsoʊʃəlɪst lɛft) əraʊzd ə lɔt əv ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm əˈməŋ ˈmɛni ˈwərkərz. soʊ wi hɛld ˈoʊpən əv ðə frəm ðə fɔr ˈfæktəriz, ðət lɪŋk ˈjuˈɛs təˈgɛðər wɪθ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt, ənd wi ˈʤɔɪntli ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ bi ə pɑrt əv ðə frənt ɪn, ənd tɪ voʊt fər ɑleɪˈjɑndroʊ ənd aɪ tɪ hɛd ðə lɪst əv ˈdɛpjətiz. ˈəðər wər ˈædɪd tɪ ðə ˈdɪfərənt lɪsts əv ðə frənt wɪˈθɪn. wi ˈɔlsoʊ feɪs ðə ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃən əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əˈgɛnst ðə lɛft ənd ˈmɪlətənt ˈwərkərz ənd naʊ wi kənˈtɪnju tɪ faɪt fər ðə əkˈwɪtəl əv ɔl ðə workers’*’ ənd peoples’*’ ˈfaɪtərz, əv wɪʧ ðɛr ər faɪv ˈθaʊzənd əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri ənd ˈoʊvər faɪv ˈhənərd ɪn ðə ˈprɑvɪns, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɛni sərˈæmɪk ˈwərkərz, əˈməŋ ðɛm ɑleɪˈjɑndroʊ ənd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. trænzˈleɪʃən: ʃɔn ˈrɑbərtsən ɪn ðə feɪs əv ðə ˈkɑrənt ““tarifazo”*” əv maʊˈrisioʊ ˈmækri ˈgəvərmɛnt (ˈmæsɪv haɪks ɪn ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti ənd gæs ˈpraɪsɪz) ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈhɑrdʃɪp, ˈwərkərz hæv lɔnʧt ə ˈnæʃənəl ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kæmˈpeɪn tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti fənd ɪn dɪˈfɛns əv workers’*’ æt ðə plænt. rɛd ðɛr ˈlɛtər frəm ðə ˈwərkərz əv kənˈtroʊl ˈəndər ˈwərkər kənˈtroʊl), ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti ənd doʊˈneɪʃənz. pliz, ˈdoʊˌneɪt tɪ ðɛr ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti fənd baɪ ˈklɪkɪŋ bɪˈloʊ: ðə ˈseɪfər, ˈiziər weɪ tɪ peɪ ˈɔnˌlaɪn! ðɪs ɪz ə trænzˈleɪʃən əv ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn lɑ workers’*’ truθ) noʊ. 447 6 ɑkˈtoʊbər 2011 wɑz ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər əv ðə pɑrˈtidoʊ də lɔs ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈwərkərz ˈpɑrti) əv ˌɑrʤənˈtinə bɪtˈwin 1996 ənd 2015
|
image caption manna dey had largely withdrawn from public life in his later years
indian singer manna dey has died in a bangalore hospital at the age of 94.
he had been ill for the past few months and was in hospital for a respiratory infection. his funeral is due to take place later on thursday.
born chandra dey in 1919, dey was popularly known as manna, and chalked up a number of hit bollywood songs in a career spanning six decades.
tributes have been pouring in for the legendary singer from the government, the film industry and his fans.
president mukherjee and prime minister singh led the country in paying tributes to dey.
india "has lost a veteran playback singer, a versatile artist of extraordinary ability and a creative genius who listeners with his enchanting voice," the president said.
the prime minister described dey as the "king of melody" and said with his death, the music world had lost one of its most talented artistes.
"i am deeply saddened to hear of the demise of the king of melody, manna dey. an accomplished singer with a unique voice, he was and excelled in and various other forms of popular music," he said in his condolence message.
"in his death, the music world has lost one of its most talented artistes. legacy will, however, live on through the many songs he sang," mr singh added.
dey sang in several languages including hindi, bengali, assamese, marathi, kannada, and bhojpuri.
his long career saw him win several awards for his contribution to music, including state like the shri in 1971 and the in 2005. he was also given the prestigious award in 2007.
dey sang more than songs, including romantic ballads, intricate songs, and fast-paced modern numbers in his career.
along with mohammad rafi, mukesh, and kishore kumar, he made up what was known as the "famous quartet of singers" who dominated the hindi film music industry from to 1970s.
many of tracks for bollywood films became huge hits and he sang for some of the biggest bollywood names like raj kapoor, khanna and dharmendra.
his most popular numbers included (life, what a riddle it is) from the film anand; na maine (don't ask how i spent my night) from surat teri aankhen; ek (a clever woman) from padosan; and zara ke (oh brother, look where you're going) from joker.
he also sang for bollywood and amar akbar anthony.
'pleasant, easy personality'
in the last few years, he had largely withdrawn from public life.
dey's peers from bollywood and fans took to twitter to pay tribute to the singer.
"today, great classical singer manna dey sahab, who we fondly called manna da, is not among us anymore. he had a very pleasant and easy personality. he was very dedicated to his work. i salute him and pray that his soul rests in peace," singer lata mangeshkar, who collaborated on innumerable hits with him, wrote on twitter.
image caption manna dey sang more than songs, including romantic ballads, intricate songs, and fast-paced modern numbers, in a career spanning more than six decades.
image caption many of tracks for bollywood films became huge hits and he sang for some of the biggest bollywood names like raj kapoor, khanna and dharmendra.
image caption along with mohammad rafi, mukesh, and kishore kumar, manna dey made up what was known as the "famous quartet of singers" who dominated the hindi film music industry from the to 1970s.
image caption manna dey won several awards for his contribution to music, including the state honour in 2005.
mangeshkar's duet hua hua (i admit i'm in love), played as background to film of actors raj kapoor and on a rainy night under an umbrella in shri 420, is among the most popular romantic songs of bollywood.
"manna dey, stalwart of the music world, passes away. flooded with memories and his songs," bollywood superstar.
in another tweet, said: "strange how we connect events of our life with his songs."
"manna dey passes away. his voice shall linger forever. rip," mahesh bhat.
actor: "manna dey is no more! a great singer! let's pray for him! my condolences to his family! his music will live for 1000 yrs. rip."
actress wrote: "manna dey had a unique voice. he will live on through his songs ai jabeen/ kawala/ na maine. rip."
popular cricket commentator harsha. "oh no. such terrible news to get up to. manna dey no more? less melody in the world."
dey, a bengali, also charmed neighbouring bangladesh with songs in his mother tongue and in a message on thursday, prime minister sheikh said dey would remain alive forever among people of the subcontinent.
"people will never forget his extraordinary melodious voice and unique style," she said.
|
ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ˈmænə deɪ hæd ˈlɑrʤli wɪθˈdrɔn frəm ˈpəblɪk laɪf ɪn hɪz ˈleɪtər jɪrz ˈɪndiən ˈsɪŋər ˈmænə deɪ həz daɪd ɪn ə ˈbæŋgəˌlɔr ˈhɑˌspɪtəl æt ðə eɪʤ əv 94 hi hæd bɪn ɪl fər ðə pæst fju mənθs ənd wɑz ɪn ˈhɑˌspɪtəl fər ə ˈrɛspərəˌtɔri ˌɪnˈfɛkʃən. hɪz fˈjunərəl ɪz du tɪ teɪk pleɪs ˈleɪtər ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. bɔrn ˈʧændrə deɪ ɪn 1919 deɪ wɑz ˈpɑpjələrli noʊn ɛz ˈmænə, ənd ʧɔkt əp ə ˈnəmbər əv hɪt ˈbɔlɪˌwʊd sɔŋz ɪn ə kərɪr ˈspænɪŋ sɪks ˈdɛkeɪdz. ˈtrɪbjuts hæv bɪn ˈpɔrɪŋ ɪn fər ðə ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˈsɪŋər frəm ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, ðə fɪlm ˈɪndəstri ənd hɪz fænz. ˈprɛzɪdənt məˈkərʤi ənd praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər sɪŋ lɛd ðə ˈkəntri ɪn peɪɪŋ ˈtrɪbjuts tɪ deɪ. ˈɪndiə "həz lɔst ə ˈvɛtərən ˈpleɪˌbæk ˈsɪŋər, ə ˈvərsətəl ˈɑrtɪst əv ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri əˈbɪləˌti ənd ə kriˈeɪtɪv ˈʤinjəs hu ˈlɪsənərz wɪθ hɪz ɛnˈʧænɪŋ vɔɪs," ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt sɛd. ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər dɪˈskraɪbd deɪ ɛz ðə "kɪŋ əv ˈmɛlədi" ənd sɛd wɪθ hɪz dɛθ, ðə mˈjuzɪk wərld hæd lɔst wən əv ɪts moʊst ˈtæləntɪd artistes*. "aɪ æm ˈdipli ˈsædənd tɪ hir əv ðə dɪˈmaɪz əv ðə kɪŋ əv ˈmɛlədi, ˈmænə deɪ. ən əˈkɑmplɪʃt ˈsɪŋər wɪθ ə juˈnik vɔɪs, hi wɑz ənd ɪkˈsɛld ɪn ənd ˈvɛriəs ˈəðər fɔrmz əv ˈpɑpjələr mˈjuzɪk," hi sɛd ɪn hɪz kənˈdoʊləns ˈmɛsɪʤ. "ɪn hɪz dɛθ, ðə mˈjuzɪk wərld həz lɔst wən əv ɪts moʊst ˈtæləntɪd artistes*. ˈlɛgəsi wɪl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, lɪv ɔn θru ðə ˈmɛni sɔŋz hi sæŋ," ˈmɪstər sɪŋ ˈædɪd. deɪ sæŋ ɪn ˈsɛvərəl ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈhɪndi, bɛŋˈgɑli, assamese*, məˈrɑti, kannada*, ənd bhojpuri*. hɪz lɔŋ kərɪr sɔ ɪm wɪn ˈsɛvərəl əˈwɔrdz fər hɪz ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ mˈjuzɪk, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ steɪt laɪk ðə ʃri ɪn 1971 ənd ðə ɪn 2005 hi wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈgɪvɪn ðə pərˈstiʤəs əˈwɔrd ɪn 2007 deɪ sæŋ mɔr ðən sɔŋz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ roʊˈmæntɪk ˈbælədz, ˈɪntrəkət sɔŋz, ənd ˌfæstˈpeɪst ˈmɑdərn ˈnəmbərz ɪn hɪz kərɪr. əˈlɔŋ wɪθ moʊˈhɑmɛd ˈrɑfi, mukesh*, ənd ˈkiˌʃɔr kuˈmɑr, hi meɪd əp wət wɑz noʊn ɛz ðə "ˈfeɪməs kwɔrˈtɛt əv ˈsɪŋərz" hu ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ðə ˈhɪndi fɪlm mˈjuzɪk ˈɪndəstri frəm tɪ 1970s*. ˈmɛni əv træks fər ˈbɔlɪˌwʊd fɪlmz bɪˈkeɪm juʤ hɪts ənd hi sæŋ fər səm əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈbɔlɪˌwʊd neɪmz laɪk rɑʤ kəˈpur, ˈkænə ənd dharmendra*. hɪz moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˈnəmbərz ˌɪnˈkludɪd (laɪf, wət ə ˈrɪdəl ɪt ɪz) frəm ðə fɪlm ˈænənd; nɑ meɪn (doʊnt æsk haʊ aɪ spɛnt maɪ naɪt) frəm sərɑt ˈtɛri aankhen*; ˈiˈkeɪ (ə ˈklɛvər ˈwʊmən) frəm padosan*; ənd ˈzærə kɛ (oʊ ˈbrəðər, lʊk wɛr jʊr goʊɪŋ) frəm ˈʤoʊkər. hi ˈɔlsoʊ sæŋ fər ˈbɔlɪˌwʊd ənd əˈmɑr ˈɑkˌbɑr ˈænθɔˌni. 'ˈplɛzənt, ˈizi ˌpərsəˈnælɪti' ɪn ðə læst fju jɪrz, hi hæd ˈlɑrʤli wɪθˈdrɔn frəm ˈpəblɪk laɪf. pɪrz frəm ˈbɔlɪˌwʊd ənd fænz tʊk tɪ tˈwɪtər tɪ peɪ ˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə ˈsɪŋər. "təˈdeɪ, greɪt ˈklæsɪkəl ˈsɪŋər ˈmænə deɪ sahab*, hu wi ˈfɑndli kɔld ˈmænə ˈdiˈeɪ, ɪz nɑt əˈməŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˌɛniˈmɔr. hi hæd ə ˈvɛri ˈplɛzənt ənd ˈizi ˌpərsəˈnælɪti. hi wɑz ˈvɛri ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ hɪz wərk. aɪ səˈlut ɪm ənd preɪ ðət hɪz soʊl rɛsts ɪn pis," ˈsɪŋər ˈlɑtə mangeshkar*, hu kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪd ɔn ˌɪˈnumərəbəl hɪts wɪθ ɪm, roʊt ɔn tˈwɪtər. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ˈmænə deɪ sæŋ mɔr ðən sɔŋz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ roʊˈmæntɪk ˈbælədz, ˈɪntrəkət sɔŋz, ənd ˌfæstˈpeɪst ˈmɑdərn ˈnəmbərz, ɪn ə kərɪr ˈspænɪŋ mɔr ðən sɪks ˈdɛkeɪdz. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ˈmɛni əv træks fər ˈbɔlɪˌwʊd fɪlmz bɪˈkeɪm juʤ hɪts ənd hi sæŋ fər səm əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈbɔlɪˌwʊd neɪmz laɪk rɑʤ kəˈpur, ˈkænə ənd dharmendra*. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən əˈlɔŋ wɪθ moʊˈhɑmɛd ˈrɑfi, mukesh*, ənd ˈkiˌʃɔr kuˈmɑr, ˈmænə deɪ meɪd əp wət wɑz noʊn ɛz ðə "ˈfeɪməs kwɔrˈtɛt əv ˈsɪŋərz" hu ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ðə ˈhɪndi fɪlm mˈjuzɪk ˈɪndəstri frəm ðə tɪ 1970s*. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkæpʃən ˈmænə deɪ wən ˈsɛvərəl əˈwɔrdz fər hɪz ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ mˈjuzɪk, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə steɪt ˈɑnər ɪn 2005 duˈɛt hwɑ hwɑ (aɪ ədˈmɪt əm ɪn ləv), pleɪd ɛz ˈbækˌgraʊnd tɪ fɪlm əv ˈæktərz rɑʤ kəˈpur ənd ɔn ə ˈreɪni naɪt ˈəndər ən ˈəmˌbrɛlə ɪn ʃri 420 ɪz əˈməŋ ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr roʊˈmæntɪk sɔŋz əv ˈbɔlɪˌwʊd. "ˈmænə deɪ, ˈstɔlwərt əv ðə mˈjuzɪk wərld, ˈpæsɪz əˈweɪ. ˈflədɪd wɪθ ˈmɛməriz ənd hɪz sɔŋz," ˈbɔlɪˌwʊd ˌsupərˈstɑr. ɪn əˈnəðər twit, sɛd: "streɪnʤ haʊ wi kəˈnɛkt ɪˈvɛnts əv ɑr laɪf wɪθ hɪz sɔŋz." "ˈmænə deɪ ˈpæsɪz əˈweɪ. hɪz vɔɪs ʃæl ˈlɪŋər fərˈɛvər. rɪp," məˈhɛʃ bhat*. ˈæktər: "ˈmænə deɪ ɪz noʊ mɔr! ə greɪt ˈsɪŋər! lɛts preɪ fər ɪm! maɪ kənˈdoʊlənsəz tɪ hɪz ˈfæməli! hɪz mˈjuzɪk wɪl lɪv fər 1000 yrs*. rɪp." ˈæktrəs roʊt: "ˈmænə deɪ hæd ə juˈnik vɔɪs. hi wɪl lɪv ɔn θru hɪz sɔŋz eɪaɪ jabeen*/ kɑ dilwala*/ nɑ meɪn. rɪp." ˈpɑpjələr ˈkrɪkɪt ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər ˈhɑrʃə. "oʊ noʊ. səʧ ˈtɛrəbəl nuz tɪ gɪt əp tɪ. ˈmænə deɪ noʊ mɔr? lɛs ˈmɛlədi ɪn ðə wərld." deɪ, ə bɛŋˈgɑli, ˈɔlsoʊ ʧɑrmd ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ wɪθ sɔŋz ɪn hɪz ˈməðər təŋ ənd ɪn ə ˈmɛsɪʤ ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ʃik sɛd deɪ wʊd rɪˈmeɪn əˈlaɪv fərˈɛvər əˈməŋ ˈpipəl əv ðə səbˈkɑntɪnənt. "ˈpipəl wɪl ˈnɛvər fərˈgɛt hɪz ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri məˈloʊdiəs vɔɪs ənd juˈnik staɪl," ʃi sɛd.
|
this is a mono black deck variant of a version of the deck. originally the basic concept was to make my opponent discard cards to trigger [waste not]. should my opponent field anything, i would return it to their hand, to produce more potential discard triggers for [waste not]. eventually dwindle the opponent down to cards in hand and win passively through [quest for the stone] or through a card i grew to favor [sangromancer]. however as i began experimenting with the waste not triggers, i began to be often forced into mana with no outlet for it. so the switch to mono black is a variant on that concept but to capitalize on potential mana through [waste deal]. i also wanted to highlight the benefit of goinglack, so devotion was an obvious choice, and with so many enchantments, i'm pretty happy with the generally high devotion by end game. with the adjustment for enchantment creatures, the deck started having more of an aggressive feel. i didn't want to mirror other delve with waste not, i felt that wasn't creative enough for me.
my favorite plays are:
t1: swamp, dark ritual, dark about major disruption. i usually reserve this kind of gamble if i've already used my mulligan. it is a first turn, first strike that can ruin the tempo for my opponent that carefully chose their hand. obvious risk with shorting out my hand for the next few turns, but the return for disrupting early game has been fruitful in playtesting.
t1: swamp, dark ritual, underworld admittedly probably my weakest play. but i like making my opponent start to sweat from their first draw. and with the rest of the build in the deck, forcing the cards into their hands to fuel discard engine, compounded with life loss forces a narrower margin for the opponent to come back to win. the game becomes a ticking clock before they drew their first card.
t1: swamp, dark ritual, master of the 1, flyer? need i say more?
t1: swamp, quest for the: swamp, waste, swamp, dark deal
this is probably the cornerstone of the deck. it's on time, the engine is set up, and if you're going first, beyond error for removal, the combo is probably assured. which means creature, mana, or card advantage. plus there's a good amount of morale damage.
now this is in a casual meta between roughly 4 non-competitive nerds. the deck loves to perform in game, but still does well. looking for impressions, suggestions, anything really. it may be unorthodox but in the i've included the variant cards. i wouldn't call it a true side board, as i'm 1. unfamiliar with utilizings, we don't use them in my meta. so i'm not sure it's exactly kosher to in a whole other color in and out of the main deck. nonetheless, i've included my choices in original variant. the cards that would be switched out would be: [master of the in dreams] [gray merchant of asphodel] variant runs at 22 land, as opposed to the variant which runs at 20. as an additional note, the land base for the has less resources for dual lands (because you know real life and stuff), and optimal dual lands are not included in the.
i'm still fairly new to and have really enjoyed deck-building. thanks to those who took the time to read.
|
ðɪs ɪz ə ˈmoʊnoʊ blæk dɛk ˈvɛriənt əv ə ˈvərʒən əv ðə dɛk. ərˈɪʤənəli ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈkɑnsɛpt wɑz tɪ meɪk maɪ əˈpoʊnənt dɪˈskɑrd kɑrdz tɪ ˈtrɪgər [weɪst nɑt]. ʃʊd maɪ əˈpoʊnənt fild ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, aɪ wʊd rɪˈtərn ɪt tɪ ðɛr hænd, tɪ ˈproʊdus mɔr pəˈtɛnʃəl dɪˈskɑrd ˈtrɪgərz fər [weɪst nɑt]. ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli dˈwɪndəl ðə əˈpoʊnənt daʊn tɪ kɑrdz ɪn hænd ənd wɪn ˈpæsɪvli θru [kwɛst fər ðə stoʊn] ər θru ə kɑrd aɪ gru tɪ ˈfeɪvər [sangromancer*]. ˌhaʊˈɛvər ɛz aɪ bɪˈgæn ɛkˈspɛrəˌmɛntɪŋ wɪθ ðə weɪst nɑt ˈtrɪgərz, aɪ bɪˈgæn tɪ bi ˈɔfən fɔrst ˈɪntu ˈmɑnə wɪθ noʊ ˈaʊˌtlɛt fər ɪt. soʊ ðə swɪʧ tɪ ˈmoʊnoʊ blæk ɪz ə ˈvɛriənt ɔn ðət ˈkɑnsɛpt bət tɪ ˈkæpətəˌlaɪz ɔn pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈmɑnə θru [weɪst dil]. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt əv goʊɪŋ monoblack*, soʊ dɪˈvoʊʃən wɑz ən ˈɑbviəs ʧɔɪs, ənd wɪθ soʊ ˈmɛni enchantments*, əm ˈprɪti ˈhæpi wɪθ ðə ˈʤɛnərəli haɪ dɪˈvoʊʃən baɪ ɛnd geɪm. wɪθ ðə əˈʤəstmənt fər ɛnˈʧæntmənt ˈkriʧərz, ðə dɛk ˈstɑrtɪd ˈhævɪŋ mɔr əv ən əˈgrɛsɪv fil. aɪ ˈdɪdənt wɔnt tɪ ˈmɪrər ˈəðər dɛlv wɪθ weɪst nɑt, aɪ fɛlt ðət ˈwəzənt kriˈeɪtɪv ɪˈnəf fər mi. maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt pleɪz ər: swɔmp, dɑrk ˈrɪʧuəl, dɑrk əˈbaʊt ˈmeɪʤər dɪsˈrəpʃən. aɪ ˈjuʒəwəli rɪˈzərv ðɪs kaɪnd əv ˈgæmbəl ɪf aɪv ɔˈrɛdi juzd maɪ ˈməlɪgən. ɪt ɪz ə fərst tərn, fərst straɪk ðət kən ruɪn ðə ˈtɛmˌpoʊ fər maɪ əˈpoʊnənt ðət ˈkɛrfəli ʧoʊz ðɛr hænd. ˈɑbviəs rɪsk wɪθ ˈʃɔrtɪŋ aʊt maɪ hænd fər ðə nɛkst fju tərnz, bət ðə rɪˈtərn fər dɪsˈrəptɪŋ ˈərli geɪm həz bɪn ˈfrutfəl ɪn playtesting*. swɔmp, dɑrk ˈrɪʧuəl, ˈəndərˌwərld ædˈmɪtɪdli ˈprɑbəˌbli maɪ ˈwikəst pleɪ. bət aɪ laɪk ˈmeɪkɪŋ maɪ əˈpoʊnənt stɑrt tɪ swɛt frəm ðɛr fərst drɔ. ənd wɪθ ðə rɛst əv ðə bɪld ɪn ðə dɛk, ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðə kɑrdz ˈɪntu ðɛr hænz tɪ fjuəl dɪˈskɑrd ˈɪnʤən, kəmˈpaʊndɪd wɪθ laɪf lɔs ˈfɔrsɪz ə ˈnɛroʊər ˈmɑrʤən fər ðə əˈpoʊnənt tɪ kəm bæk tɪ wɪn. ðə geɪm bɪˈkəmz ə ˈtɪkɪŋ klɑk ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ dru ðɛr fərst kɑrd. swɔmp, dɑrk ˈrɪʧuəl, ˈmæstər əv ðə 1 flaɪər? nid aɪ seɪ mɔr? swɔmp, kwɛst fər ðə swɔmp, weɪst swɔmp, dɑrk dil ðɪs ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə ˈkɔrnərˌstoʊn əv ðə dɛk. ɪts ɔn taɪm, ðə ˈɪnʤən ɪz sɛt əp, ənd ɪf jʊr goʊɪŋ fərst, bɪɔnd ˈɛrər fər rɪˈmuvəl, ðə ˈkɑmˌboʊ ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli əˈʃʊrd. wɪʧ minz ˈkriʧər, ˈmɑnə, ər kɑrd ædˈvæntɪʤ. pləs ðɛrz ə gʊd əˈmaʊnt əv məræl ˈdæmɪʤ. naʊ ðɪs ɪz ɪn ə ˈkæʒəwəl ˈmitə bɪtˈwin ˈrəfli 4 ˌnɑnkəmˈpɛtətɪv nərdz. ðə dɛk ləvz tɪ pərˈfɔrm ɪn geɪm, bət stɪl dɪz wɛl ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˌɪmˈprɛʃənz, səˈʤɛsʧənz, ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈrɪli. ɪt meɪ bi əˈnɔrθəˌdɑks bət ɪn ðə aɪv ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə ˈvɛriənt kɑrdz. aɪ ˈwʊdənt kɔl ɪt ə tru saɪd bɔrd, ɛz əm 1 ˌənfəˈmɪljər wɪθ ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪŋ sideboards*, wi doʊnt juz ðɛm ɪn maɪ ˈmitə. soʊ əm nɑt ʃʊr ɪts ɪgˈzæktli ˈkoʊʃər tɪ ɪn ə hoʊl ˈəðər ˈkələr ɪn ənd aʊt əv ðə meɪn dɛk. ˌnənðəˈlɛs, aɪv ˌɪnˈkludɪd maɪ ˈʧɔɪsɪz ɪn ərˈɪʤənəl ˈvɛriənt. ðə kɑrdz ðət wʊd bi swɪʧt aʊt wʊd bi: [ˈmæstər əv ðə ɪn drimz] [greɪ ˈmərʧənt əv asphodel*] ˈvɛriənt rənz æt 22 lænd, ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ðə ˈvɛriənt wɪʧ rənz æt 20 ɛz ən əˈdɪʃənəl noʊt, ðə lænd beɪs fər ðə həz lɛs ˈrisɔrsɪz fər duəl lændz (bɪˈkəz ju noʊ ril laɪf ənd stəf), ənd ˈɑptɪməl duəl lændz ər nɑt ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə. əm stɪl ˈfɛrli nu tɪ ənd hæv ˈrɪli ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd deck-building*. θæŋks tɪ ðoʊz hu tʊk ðə taɪm tɪ rɛd.
|
a brand-new chinese sportswear brand has received a great deal of attention following its launch earlier this week, with noticing its striking resemblance to a certain popular american sportswear brand. see if you can figure out which one:
yup. pictures have gone viral of the launch event, with executives speaking in front of a logo that looks like a very blatant of under trademark. meanwhile the curious name, uncle martian, also happens to sound pretty similar. under logo, notice the subtle, but all important differences:
according to shoes.net, uncle parent company is long sporting goods, a sports shoe manufacturer that has specialized in manufacturing sneakers for years, but now appears poised for bigger and better things, riding on the wave of under growing success in china.
tingfei long executive huang was frank with reporters, telling them he hoped that uncle martian would be able to capture part of the sports shoe market that has been taken over by foreign firms, such as under armour.
china is infamous for its disregard of international copyright laws with copycat sphinxes, talent shows and luxury brands but hard to blame them when the strategy is often such a success. last year, a company that began as a copycat actually bought, and then got financed by xiaomi.
we saying that uncle martian will take over under armour someday, but stranger things have happened. heck, already got 100 followers on its account, launched earlier today.
[images via shoes.net]
share this: pocket
telegram
print
|
ə ˈbrændˌnu ʧaɪˈniz ˈspɔrtsˌwɛr brænd həz rɪˈsivd ə greɪt dil əv əˈtɛnʃən ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪts lɔnʧ ˈərliər ðɪs wik, wɪθ ˈnoʊtɪsɪŋ ɪts ˈstraɪkɪŋ rɪˈzɛmbləns tɪ ə ˈsərtən ˈpɑpjələr əˈmɛrɪkən ˈspɔrtsˌwɛr brænd. si ɪf ju kən ˈfɪgjər aʊt wɪʧ wən: jəp. ˈpɪkʧərz hæv gɔn ˈvaɪrəl əv ðə lɔnʧ ɪˈvɛnt, wɪθ ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz ˈspikɪŋ ɪn frənt əv ə ˈloʊgoʊ ðət lʊks laɪk ə ˈvɛri ˈbleɪtənt əv ˈəndər ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk. ˈminˌwaɪl ðə ˈkjʊriəs neɪm, ˈəŋkəl ˈmɑrʃən, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhæpənz tɪ saʊnd ˈprɪti ˈsɪmələr. ˈəndər ˈloʊgoʊ, ˈnoʊtɪs ðə ˈsətəl, bət ɔl ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈdɪfərənsɪz: əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ shoes.net*, ˈəŋkəl ˈpɛrənt ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz lɔŋ ˈspɔrtɪŋ gʊdz, ə spɔrts ʃu ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər ðət həz ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ɪn ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ sˈnikərz fər jɪrz, bət naʊ əˈpɪrz pɔɪzd fər ˈbɪgər ənd ˈbɛtər θɪŋz, ˈraɪdɪŋ ɔn ðə weɪv əv ˈəndər groʊɪŋ səkˈsɛs ɪn ˈʧaɪnə. lɔŋ ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv hwɑŋ wɑz fræŋk wɪθ rɪˈpɔrtərz, ˈtɛlɪŋ ðɛm hi hoʊpt ðət ˈəŋkəl ˈmɑrʃən wʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈkæpʧər pɑrt əv ðə spɔrts ʃu ˈmɑrkɪt ðət həz bɪn ˈteɪkən ˈoʊvər baɪ ˈfɔrən fərmz, səʧ ɛz ˈəndər ˈɑrmər. ˈʧaɪnə ɪz ˈɪnfəməs fər ɪts ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑrd əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkɑpiˌraɪt lɔz wɪθ ˈkɑpiˌkæt sphinxes*, ˈtælənt ʃoʊz ənd ˈləgʒəri brændz bət hɑrd tɪ bleɪm ðɛm wɪn ðə ˈstrætəʤi ɪz ˈɔfən səʧ ə səkˈsɛs. læst jɪr, ə ˈkəmpəˌni ðət bɪˈgæn ɛz ə ˈkɑpiˌkæt ˈæˌkʧuəli bɔt, ənd ðɛn gɑt ˈfaɪˌnænst baɪ xiaomi*. wi seɪɪŋ ðət ˈəŋkəl ˈmɑrʃən wɪl teɪk ˈoʊvər ˈəndər ˈɑrmər ˈsəmˌdeɪ, bət ˈstreɪnʤər θɪŋz hæv ˈhæpənd. hɛk, ɔˈrɛdi gɑt 100 ˈfɑloʊərz ɔn ɪts əˈkaʊnt, lɔnʧt ˈərliər təˈdeɪ. [ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈviə shoes.net*] ʃɛr ðɪs: ˈpɑkət ˈtɛləˌgræm prɪnt
|
by kim
any foreigner seeking korean citizenship must be able to sing national anthem during a naturalization interview.
the seoul administrative court ruled in favor of the ministry of justice, which declined to grant a woman born in china citizenship in 2010, citing she sing the national anthem. she also failed two other tests during her interview.
the woman, choi, filed a suit with the court, demanding a reversal of the decision.
“we found the interview criteria and the interviewers’ evaluation were fair. not only did choi fail to sing the national anthem, she also failed two other tests. therefore, we find there are no grounds to call the decision unfair and illegal,” said a judge.
choi married a korean man in 2004, and applied for citizenship in 2010.
the naturalization process has two tracks.
for marriage immigrants like choi, it takes two years to apply, and an applicant must pass a face-to-face interview. for other immigrants, an applicant should wait five years to apply and pass both a written test and an interview.
|
baɪ kɪm ˈɛni ˈfɔrənər ˈsikɪŋ ˌkɔˈriən ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp məst bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ sɪŋ ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈnæˌʧərəlɪˈzeɪʃən ˈɪntərvˌju. ðə soʊl ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv kɔrt ruld ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ðə ˈmɪnɪstri əv ˈʤəstɪs, wɪʧ dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ grænt ə ˈwʊmən bɔrn ɪn ˈʧaɪnə ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp ɪn 2010 ˈsaɪtɪŋ ʃi sɪŋ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ feɪld tu ˈəðər tɛsts ˈdʊrɪŋ hər ˈɪntərvˌju. ðə ˈwʊmən, ʧɔɪ, faɪld ə sut wɪθ ðə kɔrt, dɪˈmændɪŋ ə rɪˈvərsəl əv ðə dɪˈsɪʒən. faʊnd ðə ˈɪntərvˌju kraɪˈtɪriə ənd ðə interviewers’*’ ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən wər fɛr. nɑt ˈoʊnli dɪd ʧɔɪ feɪl tɪ sɪŋ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm, ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ feɪld tu ˈəðər tɛsts. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, wi faɪnd ðɛr ər noʊ graʊnz tɪ kɔl ðə dɪˈsɪʒən ˌɔnˈfɛr ənd illegal,”*,” sɛd ə ʤəʤ. ʧɔɪ ˈmɛrid ə ˌkɔˈriən mæn ɪn 2004 ənd əˈplaɪd fər ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp ɪn 2010 ðə ˈnæˌʧərəlɪˈzeɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs həz tu træks. fər ˈmɛrɪʤ ˈɪməgrənts laɪk ʧɔɪ, ɪt teɪks tu jɪrz tɪ əˈplaɪ, ənd ən ˈæplɪkənt məst pæs ə ˈfeɪstuˈfeɪs ˈɪntərvˌju. fər ˈəðər ˈɪməgrənts, ən ˈæplɪkənt ʃʊd weɪt faɪv jɪrz tɪ əˈplaɪ ənd pæs boʊθ ə ˈrɪtən tɛst ənd ən ˈɪntərvˌju.
|
the carolina panthers might have greater needs than defensive tackle, but it's likely they're at least tempted by taking a standout at the position from their own backyard.
larry, a projected selection out of university of north carolina at charlotte, performed well at the combine, opening eyes in the process. has also made a fan of a panthers player: defensive end charles johnson. the nfl veteran sent out the following tweet on tuesday, indicating he wouldn't mind having as a teammate.
true story: i want to see land on a team or the panthers. only kid i know hit me on a consistent basis on how to become a pro charles johnson (@randywattson) march 14, 2017
carolina already has depth at defensive tackle and went high in the draft at the position last year with selection vernon butler, so it remains to be seen if it would spend a selection on. but general manager dave likes his hogmollies, and it has to be tempting to him if he falls come draft day.
not to mention - as of now - short is only locked up for one more year (although he could be extended this or next), and star is heading into the final year of his contract. so the panthers could help solidify the future of the position by investing in.
the, was a usa selection as a senior, accumulating 65 tackles and tackles for loss.
|
ðə ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˈpænθərz maɪt hæv ˈgreɪtər nidz ðən dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl, bət ɪts ˈlaɪkli ðɛr æt list ˈtɛmptɪd baɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ ə ˈstænˌdaʊt æt ðə pəˈzɪʃən frəm ðɛr oʊn ˈbæˌkjɑrd. ˈlɛri, ə prɑˈʤɛktəd səˈlɛkʃən aʊt əv ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə æt ˈʃɑrlət, pərˈfɔrmd wɛl æt ðə ˈkɑmbaɪn, ˈoʊpənɪŋ aɪz ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. həz ˈɔlsoʊ meɪd ə fæn əv ə ˈpænθərz pleɪər: dɪˈfɛnsɪv ɛnd ˈʧɑrəlz ˈʤɑnsən. ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈvɛtərən sɛnt aʊt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ twit ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪŋ hi ˈwʊdənt maɪnd ˈhævɪŋ ɛz ə ˈtiˌmeɪt. tru ˈstɔri: aɪ wɔnt tɪ si lænd ɔn ə tim ər ðə ˈpænθərz. ˈoʊnli kɪd aɪ noʊ hɪt mi ɔn ə kənˈsɪstənt ˈbeɪsɪs ɔn haʊ tɪ bɪˈkəm ə proʊ ˈʧɑrəlz ˈʤɑnsən (@randywattson*) mɑrʧ 14 2017 ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ɔˈrɛdi həz dɛpθ æt dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl ənd wɛnt haɪ ɪn ðə dræft æt ðə pəˈzɪʃən læst jɪr wɪθ səˈlɛkʃən ˈvərnən ˈbətlər, soʊ ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz tɪ bi sin ɪf ɪt wʊd spɛnd ə səˈlɛkʃən ɔn. bət ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər deɪv laɪks hɪz hogmollies*, ənd ɪt həz tɪ bi ˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ ɪm ɪf hi fɔlz kəm dræft deɪ. nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ɛz əv naʊ ʃɔrt ɪz ˈoʊnli lɑkt əp fər wən mɔr jɪr (ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi kʊd bi ɪkˈstɛndɪd ðɪs ər nɛkst), ənd stɑr ɪz ˈhɛdɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈfaɪnəl jɪr əv hɪz ˈkɑnˌtrækt. soʊ ðə ˈpænθərz kʊd hɛlp səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ ðə fˈjuʧər əv ðə pəˈzɪʃən baɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ ɪn. ðə wɑz ə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ səˈlɛkʃən ɛz ə ˈsinjər, əˈkjumjəˌleɪtɪŋ 65 ˈtækəlz ənd ˈtækəlz fər lɔs.
|
japan’s abe government is commonly held to be in thrall to nuclear power, not least because it came into office in december 2012 committed to nuclear and other policiesomoted by the nuclear village. yet clearly much has changed over the past three years. the abe repositioning on energy is evident in an accelerating shift away from support for the nuclear village, in spite of a few, and towards an increasingly impressive commitment to energy efficiency and renewable energy. the evidence is striking: on top ofoposing massive increases in its fiscal 2016 expenditures on energy efficiency and, which we reviewed in the cabinet is about to undertake an administrative review targeting billions of yen in controversial expenditures.
specifically, from november 11 to 13, 2015 japan will undergo an administrative review of yen trillion worth of expenditure requests in the over yen 102 trillionoposed budget for fiscal 2016. this “fall review” (aki no rebyuu) will be open to the public and broadcast online, as was the case withevious administrative review but among the many unusual aspects of this initiative is that the review will be overseen by the resolutely liberal democratic party cabinet minister (since october 7, 2015) kono taro. team of outside advisors will also include such explicitly experts as the japan renewable energy (jref) director ohbayashi and senior research fellow, fujitsu research institute research fellow and universityofessor takahashi kono and his colleagues in the have been working hard in advance of the review to draw attention to its focus on expenditures, resulting in significant and steadily increasingess coverage. in addition, kono has taken the apparently unprecedented step ofoducing a video, released on november 9, to explain theocess and its focus on expenditures. he his detailed arguments about the content of the review with (at the mark) an unambiguous declaration that he not only cleared the substance of the review withime minister abe, but also received the
the administrative review
these “fall review”ocedures were initiated by the democratic party of japan government, in 2010. they also matter, as is evident from the fact that the fall review of 2014 (for the 2015 budget) resulted in over yen 360 billion in cuts and repayments to public theevious year had seen even deeper cuts, amounting to roughly yen 500 billion in expenditure
of the japanese central over 5000 spendingograms, 55 have been chosen for this review. while that number may seem small, as noted earlier theseograms total over yen trillion and thus represent over 10% of theoposed yen 102 trillion fiscal appropriations for the 2016 budget. given that public debt load of 226% of is unprecedented in the history of the theessure for cuts is likely to be stronger than inevious years. particularly significant is the fact that the items slated for review are heavily oriented towards energy. indeed, fully 24 of the 55 items are energy- and environment-related, and the vast majority of those are devoted to nuclear facilities as well as to measures related to achieving the recycling of nuclear waste in breeder
one target that is ripe for scrutiny is the kaieimaru, a nuclear fuel ship built in 2006 and used four times to transport a total of 16 tonnes of spent fuel to the tokai mura inefecture. since the vessel has not been used to transport fuel since its most recent trip in 2009, kono has included it in the review. between 2010 and 2014, the cost of its upkeep totalled just under yen billion, and itsojected costs to 2031 would see an additional yen billion spent on it. the ship has been featured in recent television broadcasts, including a broadcast on november 9, and has featured in the japanese wall street the tokyo and other national and localess. kono has skillfully chosen a striking symbol of extravagance for review.
an additional facility targeted by review is the “recycle equipment test facility (retf).” this is yet another costly and risky element of very controversial accumulation of infrastructures andograms to reprocess spent nuclear fuel. the construction began in january 1995, and has received tens of billions of yen worth of investment even though it has not been used.ecisely 20 years ago, shaun burnie, senior nuclear campaigner with greenpeace germany, warned that the true importance of the retf, and the great risk that it poses: “is that it and the facilities that will follow will give japan access to plutonium that is even purer than weapons-grade. the reason for this is that the plutoniumoduced in the uranium blanket of (ed. “fast breeder reactors”) and reprocessed by the operators is what is called. with a large-scale deployment of in japan, and the reprocessing facilities to support the reactors, large quantities of weapons grade material will be available for
in their 2010 book in defence of japan: from the market to the military and space policy, m. (professor, university of washington) and paul (phd candidate, keio university) cite burnie, showing that his concern remains quite relevant. indeed, they add to the warning by emphasizing that “the point about plutonium is that very little is required tooduce nuclear warheads (possibly 800 to 900 grams); it is thus especially suitable for miniaturized nuclear warheads like
the above examples are especially noteworthy, but are only two of the items up for consideration in this administrative review. others include subsidies for securing uranium from overseasojects, storing the uranium, locating and constructing nuclear facilities, as well as funds for supporting nuclear power in the japanese public
what is almost as impressive as the focus on nuclear is the complete absence of any targeting of expenditureograms for efficiency and. 2016 budget allocations for these items show dramatic increases over the current fiscal year. so one would hardly be surprised to see at least a couple ofograms put on the table, if only to placate theesumably outraged nuclear interests. but the only clearly non-nuclear energyograms included in the review relate to and storage (ccs). and if putting ccs on the block indicates that japan is backing away from coal, that is another reason for applause.
let us conclude with a note on kono tarohimself. he is a major figure in the liberal democratic party, first elected in 1996. like many members, he comes from a family of politicians. but unlike most politicians, he is resolutely and is a strong internationalist. his website comes with korean and chinese versions as well as an english version.
in the wake of march 11, 2011 (3-11) natural and nuclear disasters, on the fukushima daiichi plant, kono became well-known among international observers as a strong opponent of the domestic nuclear village and its plans to increase dependence on nuclear to over 50% of power by 2030 as well as recycle waste in breeder reactors.
in addition to numerous public appearances, books, and interviews in which he was critical of the nuclear village and its dominance of the japanese power industry, he maintained a blog with regular contributions critical of the fukushima incident and its aftermath. he also criticized the abe efforts to restart nuclear reactors.
but when abe undertook his october 7, 2015 cabinet revision, kono surprised many by entering the cabinet as minister in charge of administrative reform as well as civil service reform, consumer affairs and food safety, regulatory reform and disaster management (the latter three portfolios being minister of state
upon entering the cabinet, blog posts became inaccessible. not a few observers interpreted simultaneous entry into the cabinet and suspension of his heavily blog as an indication that he had been effectively silenced as an exponent of abandoning nuclear and ending japan's dangerous and expensive effort to create a nuclear economy.
however, this interpretation ignored argument that he could be more effective in achieving his objectives from within the cabinet than from without.
theoof of the pudding is, as they say, in the eating. it would appear that kono is setting up a feast this week. and it certainly merits attention from those interested in fiscal sustainability, its energy policy on the eve of climate talks in paris, its plutoniumoblem, and the ongoing transformation of the.
andrew dewit isofessor in school of policy studies and an editor of the journal. his recent publications include “climate change and the military role in humanitarian assistance and disaster response,” in paul bacon and christopher hobson (eds) human security and triple disaster (routledge, 2014), renewable powerospects," in jeff kingston (ed) critical issues in contemporary japan (routledge 2013), and (with kaneko masaru and iida tetsunari) “fukushima and the political economy of power policy in japan” in jeff kingston (ed) natural disaster and nuclear crisis in japan: response and recovery after japan's (routledge, 2012). he is lead researcher for a five-year (2010-2015) fundedoject on the political economy of the tariff.
recommended citation: andrew dewit, dangerous nuclear waste on the cutting board? towards a future", the journal, vol. 13, issue 45, no. 4, november 9, 2015.
related articles
• andrew dewit, bid to become a world leader in renewable energy
• thierry, japan crushes resistance to restart nuclear power plants
• john mathews and hao tan, a ‘great reversal’ in china? coal continues to decline with enforcement of environmental laws
• nadine and thierry, the 'bright future' of japan's nuclear industry
• andrew dewit and sven saaler, political and policy repercussions of japan's nuclear and natural disasters in germany
• eric johnston, kyoto leaders warm up to.
notes
1 on the budget increases and other green measures, see andrew dewit, bid to become a world leader in renewable energy", the journal, vol. 13, issue 39, no. 2, october 5, 2015.
2 an introduction (in japanese) to this andevious years’ administrative reviewocesses is available at the japanese cabinet website.
3ofile is here.
4 on the participation of ohbayashi and takahashi, see (in japanese) “list of 30 participants in administrative review released,” nikkei shimbun, november 11, 2015.
5 the broadcasts (in japanese) are available at: (part 1), (part 2)
6 see (in japanese) “reflection of the fall review in the 2015 budget (outline),” mof budget bureau, january, 2015.
7 kansai universityofessor (public finance) uemura toshiyuki explains the 2013ocess and its outcome in detail (in japanese) in “towards a yen in cuts to the 2014 budget,” january 30, 2014.
8 see p. 4 economic surveys, japan, april 2015..
9 on this, see (in japanese) “power facility location disbursements and others are the focus of administrative review,” denki shimbun, november 9, 2015.
10 on the facility, see japan atomic energy agency, “nuclear fuel cycle engineering laboratories,” (no date).
11 see (in japanese) “nuclear-related budgets slated for review: monju, nuclear fuel ship,” october 30, 2015.
12 see (in japanese) “maintenance for ship costs yen billion,” tokyo shimbun, october 29, 2015.
13 see p. 38 in shaun burnie, years after nagasaki: japan as plutonium superpower,” in (ed by douglas and frank barnaby) hiroshima and nagasaki: retrospect andospect. frank cass: london, 1995.
14 see their footnote 27 on p. 357. m. and paul, in defence of japan: from the market to the military and space policy. stanford universityess: 2010.
15 the full list of items is available [in japanese] in the “projects for consideration in the annual fall public review,” cabinet office, japan, october 30, 2015.
16 see the list of posts at the site “prime minister of japan and his cabinet”.
|
japan’s* eɪb ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈkɑmənli hɛld tɪ bi ɪn θrɔl tɪ ˈnukliər paʊər, nɑt list bɪˈkəz ɪt keɪm ˈɪntu ˈɔfəs ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2012 kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈnukliər ənd ˈəðər ˈpɑləsiz prəˈmoʊtəd baɪ ðə ˈnukliər ˈvɪlɪʤ. jɛt ˈklɪrli məʧ həz ʧeɪnʤd ˈoʊvər ðə pæst θri jɪrz. ðə eɪb ˌripəˈzɪʃənɪŋ ɔn ˈɛnərʤi ɪz ˈɛvədənt ɪn ən ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ ʃɪft əˈweɪ frəm səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈnukliər ˈvɪlɪʤ, ɪn spaɪt əv ə fju, ənd təˈwɔrdz ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ˈɛnərʤi ɪˈfɪʃənsi ənd riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi. ðə ˈɛvədəns ɪz ˈstraɪkɪŋ: ɔn tɔp əv prəˈpoʊzɪŋ ˈmæsɪv ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ɪts ˈfɪskəl 2016 ɪkˈspɛndɪʧərz ɔn ˈɛnərʤi ɪˈfɪʃənsi ənd, wɪʧ wi rivˈjud ɪn ðə ˈkæbənət ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ ˈəndərˌteɪk ən ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˌrivˈju ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈbɪljənz əv jɛn ɪn ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ɪkˈspɛndɪʧərz. spəˈsɪfɪkli, frəm noʊˈvɛmbər 11 tɪ 13 2015 ʤəˈpæn wɪl ˌəndərˈgoʊ ən ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˌrivˈju əv jɛn ˈtrɪljən wərθ əv ɪkˈspɛndɪʧər rɪkˈwɛsts ɪn ðə ˈoʊvər jɛn 102 ˈtrɪljən prəˈpoʊzd ˈbəʤɪt fər ˈfɪskəl 2016 ðɪs review”*” (ˈɑki noʊ rebyuu*) wɪl bi ˈoʊpən tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk ənd ˈbrɔdˌkæst ˈɔnˌlaɪn, ɛz wɑz ðə keɪs wɪθ ˈpriviəs ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˌrivˈju bət əˈməŋ ðə ˈmɛni ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðɪs ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ɪz ðət ðə ˌrivˈju wɪl bi ˈoʊvərˌsin baɪ ðə ˈrɛzəˌlutli ˈlɪˌbərəl ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti ˈkæbənət ˈmɪnɪstər (sɪns ɑkˈtoʊbər 7 2015 ˈkoʊnoʊ ˈtɛroʊ. tim əv ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ædˈvaɪzərz wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈklud səʧ ɪkˈsplɪsətli ˈɛkspərts ɛz ðə ʤəˈpæn riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi (jref*) dɪˈrɛktər ˌoʊbɑˈjɑʃi ənd ˈsinjər ˈrisərʧ ˈfɛloʊ, fuˈʤɪtsu ˈrisərʧ ˈɪnstɪˌtut ˈrisərʧ ˈfɛloʊ ənd ˌjunəˈvərsəti prəˈfɛsər tɑkɑˈhɑʃi ˈkoʊnoʊ ənd hɪz ˈkɑligz ɪn ðə hæv bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ hɑrd ɪn ədˈvæns əv ðə ˌrivˈju tɪ drɔ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ɪts ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ɪkˈspɛndɪʧərz, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ənd ˈstɛdəli ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ prɛs ˈkəvərɪʤ. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ˈkoʊnoʊ həz ˈteɪkən ðə əˈpɛrəntli ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd stɛp əv prəˈdusɪŋ ə ˈvɪdioʊ, riˈlist ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 9 tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd ɪts ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ɪkˈspɛndɪʧərz. hi hɪz dɪˈteɪld ˈɑrgjəmənts əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkɑntɛnt əv ðə ˌrivˈju wɪθ (æt ðə mɑrk) ən ˌənæmˈbɪgjəwəs ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən ðət hi nɑt ˈoʊnli klɪrd ðə ˈsəbstəns əv ðə ˌrivˈju wɪθ praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər eɪb, bət ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈsivd ðə ðə ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˌrivˈju ðiz review”*” prəˈsiʤərz wər ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti əv ʤəˈpæn ˈgəvərnmənt, ɪn 2010 ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmætər, ɛz ɪz ˈɛvədənt frəm ðə fækt ðət ðə fɔl ˌrivˈju əv 2014 (fər ðə 2015 ˈbəʤɪt) rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ˈoʊvər jɛn 360 ˈbɪljən ɪn kəts ənd riˈpeɪmənts tɪ ˈpəblɪk ðə ˈpriviəs jɪr hæd sin ˈivɪn ˈdipər kəts, əˈmaʊnɪŋ tɪ ˈrəfli jɛn 500 ˈbɪljən ɪn ɪkˈspɛndɪʧər əv ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈsɛntrəl ˈoʊvər 5000 ˈspɛndɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræmz, 55 hæv bɪn ˈʧoʊzən fər ðɪs ˌrivˈju. waɪl ðət ˈnəmbər meɪ sim smɔl, ɛz ˈnoʊtɪd ˈərliər ðiz ˈproʊˌgræmz ˈtoʊtəl ˈoʊvər jɛn ˈtrɪljən ənd ðəs ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈoʊvər 10 əv ðə prəˈpoʊzd jɛn 102 ˈtrɪljən ˈfɪskəl əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃənz fər ðə 2016 ˈbəʤɪt. ˈgɪvɪn ðət ˈpəblɪk dɛt loʊd əv 226 əv ɪz ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ðə ˈprɛʃər fər kəts ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈstrɔŋgər ðən ɪn ˈpriviəs jɪrz. ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ɪz ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈaɪtəmz sˈleɪtɪd fər ˌrivˈju ər ˈhɛvəli ˈɔriˌɛntɪd təˈwɔrdz ˈɛnərʤi. ˌɪnˈdid, ˈfʊli 24 əv ðə 55 ˈaɪtəmz ər ˈɛnərʤi- ənd environment-related*, ənd ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv ðoʊz ər dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ˈnukliər fəˈsɪlɪtiz ɛz wɛl ɛz tɪ ˈmɛʒərz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ əˈʧivɪŋ ðə riˈsaɪkəlɪŋ əv ˈnukliər weɪst ɪn ˈbridər wən ˈtərgət ðət ɪz raɪp fər ˈskrutəni ɪz ðə kaieimaru*, ə ˈnukliər fjuəl ʃɪp bɪlt ɪn 2006 ənd juzd fɔr taɪmz tɪ ˈtrænspɔrt ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 16 tənz əv spɛnt fjuəl tɪ ðə toʊˈkaɪ ˈmʊrə ɪn ˈpriˌfɛkʧər. sɪns ðə ˈvɛsəl həz nɑt bɪn juzd tɪ ˈtrænspɔrt fjuəl sɪns ɪts moʊst ˈrisənt trɪp ɪn 2009 ˈkoʊnoʊ həz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪt ɪn ðə ˌrivˈju. bɪtˈwin 2010 ənd 2014 ðə kɔst əv ɪts ˈəpˌkip ˈtoʊtəld ʤɪst ˈəndər jɛn ˈbɪljən, ənd ɪts prɑˈʤɛktəd kɔsts tɪ 2031 wʊd si ən əˈdɪʃənəl jɛn ˈbɪljən spɛnt ɔn ɪt. ðə ʃɪp həz bɪn ˈfiʧərd ɪn ˈrisənt ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈbrɔdˌkæsts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈbrɔdˌkæst ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 9 ənd həz ˈfiʧərd ɪn ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz wɔl strit ðə ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ənd ˈəðər ˈnæʃənəl ənd ˈloʊkəl prɛs. ˈkoʊnoʊ həz ˈskɪlfəli ˈʧoʊzən ə ˈstraɪkɪŋ ˈsɪmbəl əv ɛkˈstrævəgəns fər ˌrivˈju. ən əˈdɪʃənəl fəˈsɪlɪti ˈtɑrgətɪd baɪ ˌrivˈju ɪz ðə ɪkˈwɪpmənt tɛst fəˈsɪlɪti (retf).”*).” ðɪs ɪz jɛt əˈnəðər ˈkɔstli ənd ˈrɪski ˈɛləmənt əv ˈvɛri ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl əˌkjumjəˈleɪʃən əv ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧərz ənd ˈproʊˌgræmz tɪ riˈprɔsɛs spɛnt ˈnukliər fjuəl. ðə kənˈstrəkʃən bɪˈgæn ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1995 ənd həz rɪˈsivd tɛnz əv ˈbɪljənz əv jɛn wərθ əv ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈivɪn ðoʊ ɪt həz nɑt bɪn juzd. prɪˈsaɪsli 20 jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ʃɔn burnie*, ˈsinjər ˈnukliər kæmˈpeɪnər wɪθ ˈgrinˌpis ˈʤərməni, wɔrnd ðət ðə tru ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ðə retf*, ənd ðə greɪt rɪsk ðət ɪt ˈpoʊzɪz: ðət ɪt ənd ðə fəˈsɪlɪtiz ðət wɪl ˈfɑloʊ wɪl gɪv ʤəˈpæn ˈækˌsɛs tɪ pluˈtoʊniəm ðət ɪz ˈivɪn ˈpjʊrər ðən weapons-grade*. ðə ˈrizən fər ðɪs ɪz ðət ðə pluˈtoʊniəm prəˈdust ɪn ðə jərˈeɪniəm ˈblæŋkɪt əv (ɛd. ˈbridər reactors”*”) ənd riˈprɔsɛst baɪ ðə ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz ɪz wət ɪz kɔld. wɪθ ə ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl dɪˈplɔɪmənt əv ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ənd ðə riˈprɔsɛsɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪtiz tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə riˈæktərz, lɑrʤ kˈwɑntətiz əv ˈwɛpənz greɪd məˈtɪriəl wɪl bi əˈveɪləbəl fər ɪn ðɛr 2010 bʊk ɪn dɪˈfɛns əv ʤəˈpæn: frəm ðə ˈmɑrkɪt tɪ ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd speɪs ˈpɑləsi, ɛm. (prəˈfɛsər, ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən) ənd pɔl (ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi ˈkænədɪt, keɪoʊ ˌjunəˈvərsəti) saɪt burnie*, ʃoʊɪŋ ðət hɪz kənˈsərn rɪˈmeɪnz kwaɪt ˈrɛləvənt. ˌɪnˈdid, ðeɪ æd tɪ ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋ baɪ ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪŋ ðət pɔɪnt əˈbaʊt pluˈtoʊniəm ɪz ðət ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl ɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ ˈproʊdus ˈnukliər ˈwɔˌrhɛdz (ˈpɑsəbli 800 tɪ 900 græmz); ɪt ɪz ðəs əˈspɛʃəli ˈsutəbəl fər ˈmɪnɪʧərˌaɪzd ˈnukliər ˈwɔˌrhɛdz laɪk ðə əˈbəv ɪgˈzæmpəlz ər əˈspɛʃəli ˈnoʊtˌwərði, bət ər ˈoʊnli tu əv ðə ˈaɪtəmz əp fər kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ɪn ðɪs ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˌrivˈju. ˈəðərz ˌɪnˈklud ˈsəbsɪdiz fər sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ jərˈeɪniəm frəm ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈprɑʤɛkts, ˈstɔrɪŋ ðə jərˈeɪniəm, ˈloʊˌkeɪtɪŋ ənd kənˈstrəktɪŋ ˈnukliər fəˈsɪlɪtiz, ɛz wɛl ɛz fəndz fər səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈnukliər paʊər ɪn ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈpəblɪk wət ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɛz ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ɛz ðə ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈnukliər ɪz ðə kəmˈplit ˈæbsəns əv ˈɛni ˈtɑrgətɪŋ əv ɪkˈspɛndɪʧər ˈproʊˌgræmz fər ɪˈfɪʃənsi ənd. 2016 ˈbəʤɪt ˌæləˈkeɪʃənz fər ðiz ˈaɪtəmz ʃoʊ drəˈmætɪk ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈfɪskəl jɪr. soʊ wən wʊd ˈhɑrdli bi səˈpraɪzd tɪ si æt list ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈproʊˌgræmz pʊt ɔn ðə ˈteɪbəl, ɪf ˈoʊnli tɪ ˈpleɪkeɪt ðə prɪˈzuməbli ˈaʊˌtreɪʤd ˈnukliər ˈɪntərɪsts. bət ðə ˈoʊnli ˈklɪrli ˈnɑˈnuˌkliər ˈɛnərʤi ˈproʊˌgræmz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ˌrivˈju rɪˈleɪt tɪ ənd ˈstɔrɪʤ (ˈsiˈsiˈɛs). ənd ɪf ˈpʊtɪŋ ˈsiˈsiˈɛs ɔn ðə blɑk ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðət ʤəˈpæn ɪz ˈbækɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm koʊl, ðət ɪz əˈnəðər ˈrizən fər əˈplɔz. lɛt ˈjuˈɛs kənˈklud wɪθ ə noʊt ɔn ˈkoʊnoʊ tarohimself*. hi ɪz ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈfɪgjər ɪn ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti, fərst ɪˈlɛktɪd ɪn 1996 laɪk ˈmɛni ˈmɛmbərz, hi kəmz frəm ə ˈfæməli əv ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz. bət ənˈlaɪk moʊst ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz, hi ɪz ˈrɛzəˌlutli ənd ɪz ə strɔŋ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənəlɪst. hɪz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt kəmz wɪθ ˌkɔˈriən ənd ʧaɪˈniz ˈvərʒənz ɛz wɛl ɛz ən ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈvərʒən. ɪn ðə weɪk əv mɑrʧ 11 2011 ˈnæʧərəl ənd ˈnukliər dɪˈzæstərz, ɔn ðə fukuˈʃimə ˌdaɪˈiʧi plænt, ˈkoʊnoʊ bɪˈkeɪm ˈwɛlˈnoʊn əˈməŋ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl əbˈzərvərz ɛz ə strɔŋ əˈpoʊnənt əv ðə dəˈmɛstɪk ˈnukliər ˈvɪlɪʤ ənd ɪts plænz tɪ ˌɪnˈkris dɪˈpɛndəns ɔn ˈnukliər tɪ ˈoʊvər 50 əv paʊər baɪ 2030 ɛz wɛl ɛz riˈsaɪkəl weɪst ɪn ˈbridər riˈæktərz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈnumərəs ˈpəblɪk əˈpɪrənsəz, bʊks, ənd ˈɪntərvˌjuz ɪn wɪʧ hi wɑz ˈkrɪtɪkəl əv ðə ˈnukliər ˈvɪlɪʤ ənd ɪts ˈdɑmənəns əv ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz paʊər ˈɪndəstri, hi meɪnˈteɪnd ə blɔg wɪθ ˈrɛgjələr ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz ˈkrɪtɪkəl əv ðə fukuˈʃimə ˈɪnsədənt ənd ɪts ˈæftərˌmæθ. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ðə eɪb ˈɛfərts tɪ riˈstɑrt ˈnukliər riˈæktərz. bət wɪn eɪb ˌəndərˈtʊk hɪz ɑkˈtoʊbər 7 2015 ˈkæbənət riˈvɪʒən, ˈkoʊnoʊ səˈpraɪzd ˈmɛni baɪ ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ˈkæbənət ɛz ˈmɪnɪstər ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv rɪˈfɔrm ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈsɪvəl ˈsərvɪs rɪˈfɔrm, kənˈsumər əˈfɛrz ənd fud ˈseɪfti, ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri rɪˈfɔrm ənd dɪˈzæstər ˈmænɪʤmənt (ðə ˈlætər θri pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊz biɪŋ ˈmɪnɪstər əv steɪt əˈpɑn ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ˈkæbənət, blɔg poʊsts bɪˈkeɪm ˌɪnəkˈsɛsəbəl. nɑt ə fju əbˈzərvərz ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəs ˈɛntri ˈɪntu ðə ˈkæbənət ənd səˈspɛnʃən əv hɪz ˈhɛvəli blɔg ɛz ən ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ðət hi hæd bɪn ˈifɛktɪvli ˈsaɪlənst ɛz ən ˈɛkˌspoʊnənt əv əˈbændənɪŋ ˈnukliər ənd ˈɛndɪŋ ʤəˈpænz ˈdeɪnʤərəs ənd ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈɛfərt tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈnukliər ɪˈkɑnəmi. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən ˌɪgˈnɔrd ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət hi kʊd bi mɔr ˈifɛktɪv ɪn əˈʧivɪŋ hɪz əˈbʤɛktɪvz frəm wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈkæbənət ðən frəm wɪˈθaʊt. ðə pruf əv ðə ˈpʊdɪŋ ɪz, ɛz ðeɪ seɪ, ɪn ðə ˈitɪŋ. ɪt wʊd əˈpɪr ðət ˈkoʊnoʊ ɪz ˈsɛtɪŋ əp ə fist ðɪs wik. ənd ɪt ˈsərtənli ˈmɛrɪts əˈtɛnʃən frəm ðoʊz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈfɪskəl səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti, ɪts ˈɛnərʤi ˈpɑləsi ɔn ðə iv əv ˈklaɪmɪt tɔks ɪn ˈpɛrɪs, ɪts pluˈtoʊniəm ˈprɑbləm, ənd ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən əv ðə. ˈændru dɛˈwɪt ɪz prəˈfɛsər ɪn skul əv ˈpɑləsi ˈstədiz ənd ən ˈɛdɪtər əv ðə ˈʤərnəl. hɪz ˈrisənt ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz ˌɪnˈklud ʧeɪnʤ ənd ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri roʊl ɪn ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən əˈsɪstəns ənd dɪˈzæstər response,”*,” ɪn pɔl ˈbeɪkən ənd ˈkrɪstəfər ˈhɑbsən (eds*) ˈjumən sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈtrɪpəl dɪˈzæstər (ˈraʊtlɪʤ, 2014 riˈnuəbəl paʊər ˈprɑspɛkts," ɪn ʤɛf ˈkɪŋstən (ɛd) ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈɪʃuz ɪn kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ʤəˈpæn (ˈraʊtlɪʤ 2013 ənd (wɪθ kɑˈneɪkoʊ mɑˈsɑˌru ənd ˈidə tetsunari*) ənd ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi əv paʊər ˈpɑləsi ɪn japan”*” ɪn ʤɛf ˈkɪŋstən (ɛd) ˈnæʧərəl dɪˈzæstər ənd ˈnukliər ˈkraɪsəs ɪn ʤəˈpæn: rɪˈspɑns ənd rɪˈkəvəri ˈæftər ʤəˈpænz (ˈraʊtlɪʤ, 2012 hi ɪz lɛd ˈrisərʧər fər ə ˈfaɪvˌjɪr ˈfəndɪd ˈprɑʤɛkt ɔn ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi əv ðə ˈtɛrəf. ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd saɪˈteɪʃən: ˈændru dɛˈwɪt, ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈnukliər weɪst ɔn ðə ˈkətɪŋ bɔrd? təˈwɔrdz ə fˈjuʧər", ðə ˈʤərnəl, vol*. 13 ˈɪʃu 45 noʊ. 4 noʊˈvɛmbər 9 2015 rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈɑrtɪkəlz ˈændru dɛˈwɪt, bɪd tɪ bɪˈkəm ə wərld ˈlidər ɪn riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi θɪˈri, ʤəˈpæn ˈkrəʃɪz rɪˈzɪstəns tɪ riˈstɑrt ˈnukliər paʊər plænts ʤɑn ˈmæθjuz ənd haʊ tæn, ə reversal’*’ ɪn ˈʧaɪnə? koʊl kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ dɪˈklaɪn wɪθ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əv ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl lɔz nəˈdin ənd θɪˈri, ðə 'braɪt fˈjuʧər' əv ʤəˈpænz ˈnukliər ˈɪndəstri ˈændru dɛˈwɪt ənd svɛn saaler*, pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈpɑləsi ˌripərˈkəʃənz əv ʤəˈpænz ˈnukliər ənd ˈnæʧərəl dɪˈzæstərz ɪn ˈʤərməni ˈɛrɪk ˈʤɑnstən, ˈkjoʊtoʊ ˈlidərz wɔrm əp tɪ. noʊts 1 ɔn ðə ˈbəʤɪt ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ənd ˈəðər grin ˈmɛʒərz, si ˈændru dɛˈwɪt, bɪd tɪ bɪˈkəm ə wərld ˈlidər ɪn riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi", ðə ˈʤərnəl, vol*. 13 ˈɪʃu 39 noʊ. 2 ɑkˈtoʊbər 5 2015 2 ən ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən (ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz) tɪ ðɪs ənd ˈpriviəs years’*’ ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˌrivˈju ˈprɑsɛsəz ɪz əˈveɪləbəl æt ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈkæbənət ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. 3 ˈproʊˌfaɪl ɪz hir. 4 ɔn ðə pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən əv ˌoʊbɑˈjɑʃi ənd tɑkɑˈhɑʃi, si (ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz) əv 30 pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ɪn ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv ˌrivˈju released,”*,” ˈniˌkeɪ ˈʃɪmˌbən, noʊˈvɛmbər 11 2015 5 ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæsts (ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz) ər əˈveɪləbəl æt: (pɑrt 1 (pɑrt 2 6 si (ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz) əv ðə fɔl ˌrivˈju ɪn ðə 2015 ˈbəʤɪt (outline),”*),” mɑf ˈbəʤɪt ˈbjʊroʊ, ˈʤænjuˌɛri, 2015 7 kænˈsaɪ ˌjunəˈvərsəti prəˈfɛsər (ˈpəblɪk ˈfaɪˌnæns) ˌuɪˈmurə ˌtoʊʃɪˈjuki ɪkˈspleɪnz ðə 2013 ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd ɪts ˈaʊtˌkəm ɪn ˈditeɪl (ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz) ɪn ə jɛn ɪn kəts tɪ ðə 2014 budget,”*,” ˈʤænjuˌɛri 30 2014 8 si pi. 4 ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈsərˌveɪz, ʤəˈpæn, ˈeɪprəl 2015. 9 ɔn ðɪs, si (ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz) fəˈsɪlɪti loʊˈkeɪʃən dɪsˈbərsmənts ənd ˈəðərz ər ðə ˈfoʊkɪs əv ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtɪv review,”*,” ˈdɛŋki ˈʃɪmˌbən, noʊˈvɛmbər 9 2015 10 ɔn ðə fəˈsɪlɪti, si ʤəˈpæn əˈtɑmɪk ˈɛnərʤi ˈeɪʤənsi, fjuəl ˈsaɪkəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ laboratories,”*,” (noʊ deɪt). 11 si (ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz) ˈbəʤɪts sˈleɪtɪd fər ˌrivˈju: monju*, ˈnukliər fjuəl ship,”*,” ɑkˈtoʊbər 30 2015 12 si (ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz) fər ʃɪp kɔsts jɛn billion,”*,” ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ˈʃɪmˌbən, ɑkˈtoʊbər 29 2015 13 si pi. 38 ɪn ʃɔn burnie*, jɪrz ˈæftər ˌnɑgɑˈsɑki: ʤəˈpæn ɛz pluˈtoʊniəm superpower,”*,” ɪn (ɛd baɪ ˈdəgləs ənd fræŋk ˈbɑrnəbi) ˌhɪˈroʊʃɪmə ənd ˌnɑgɑˈsɑki: ˈrɛtrəˌspɛkt ənd ˈprɑspɛkt. fræŋk kæs: ˈləndən, 1995 14 si ðɛr ˈfʊtˌnoʊt 27 ɔn pi. 357 ɛm. ənd pɔl, ɪn dɪˈfɛns əv ʤəˈpæn: frəm ðə ˈmɑrkɪt tɪ ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd speɪs ˈpɑləsi. ˈstænfərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs: 2010 15 ðə fʊl lɪst əv ˈaɪtəmz ɪz əˈveɪləbəl [ɪn ˌʤæpəˈniz] ɪn ðə fər kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈænjuəl fɔl ˈpəblɪk review,”*,” ˈkæbənət ˈɔfəs, ʤəˈpæn, ɑkˈtoʊbər 30 2015 16 si ðə lɪst əv poʊsts æt ðə saɪt ˈmɪnɪstər əv ʤəˈpæn ənd hɪz cabinet”*”.
|
john stossel was born in chicago 68 years ago today. in his life, he has gone from liberal consumer reporter to libertarian hero, along the way shifting the dialogue from the ways in which government must protect us, to the ways in which we must be protected from government.
after graduating from princeton in 1969, stossel had little desire to go to graduate school and instead decided to go into the business of reporting. working his way up the ranks while battling a stuttering problem, stossel eventually got his break when he landed a gig with abc news in 1981 as a consumer reporter for good morning, america and a correspondent for. during his time with abc, stossel won 19 emmy awards while advocating for more stringent consumer protections.
however, stossel began to challenge his own thinking when he discovered reason magazine. he realized how much governments, as as they may be, actually made life more difficult for american citizens. his move toward coincided with a larger role on, as he began doing weekly “give me a break” segments, often detailing the ways in which government failed. in 1994, the segment became so popular that it was spun off into a weekly segment.
stossel became of in 2003 and published his first book, gimme a break: how i exposed hucksters, cheats, and scam artists and became the scourge of the liberal media in 2004. stossel moved to fox news in 2009, where he currently resides. he often appears on the factor, as well as hosting his own show entitled stossel.
john stossel has been a major catalyst in the modern libertarian movement. milton friedman said of stossel, “stossel is that rare creature, a tv commentator who understands economics, in all its subtlety.” for all of the years that stossel spent propagating liberal myths, he has more than made up for it by presenting the concepts of liberty in a manner which anyone can understand.
stossel brings a certain credibility to the libertarian movement. he is a name and face that has earned trust throughout the american populace, and a man that can articulate and synthesize the most complicated ideas into simple, specials. difficult for a libertarian today to attempt to persuade a friend with the writings of f.a. hayek or murray rothbard. what is much easier is to bring up a short youtube clip of the stossel show deriding big government in a succinct and clear fashion.
libertarians can have a hard time communicating their complex, principled positions in this news cycle. for that reason, “conservative” and “liberal” pundits are easily able to distort messages in a manner which fits to their narratives. it is much more nuanced to explain why liberty nearly always succeeds where coercion and government forces fail.
all of us in the libertarian movement have different people and sources which we can point to as the reasons we came to liberty. whether it was ron presidential campaign in 2008 or a simple distaste with the size of government under both major parties, not many began as libertarians, but nonetheless, we have all ended up in the same pool of americans who are fed up with big government.
like many others, i owe much of my evolution toward liberty to john stossel. growing up in a conservative area, it was simple to watch fox news and parrot the republican narrative. but every time i heard stossel speak about liberty and challenge the status quo, my interest was piqued in a manner that made me want to hear more.
today, as i find myself with a more solid and principled stance as a libertarian, i cannot help but be thankful to john stossel for assisting in opening my eyes.
|
ʤɑn ˈstɑsəl wɑz bɔrn ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ 68 jɪrz əˈgoʊ təˈdeɪ. ɪn hɪz laɪf, hi həz gɔn frəm ˈlɪˌbərəl kənˈsumər rɪˈpɔrtər tɪ ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˈhɪroʊ, əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ ˈʃɪftɪŋ ðə ˈdaɪəˌlɔg frəm ðə weɪz ɪn wɪʧ ˈgəvərnmənt məst prəˈtɛkt ˈjuˈɛs, tɪ ðə weɪz ɪn wɪʧ wi məst bi prəˈtɛktɪd frəm ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈæftər ˈgræʤəˌweɪtɪŋ frəm ˈprɪnstən ɪn 1969 ˈstɑsəl hæd ˈlɪtəl dɪˈzaɪər tɪ goʊ tɪ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ goʊ ˈɪntu ðə ˈbɪznɪs əv rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ. ˈwərkɪŋ hɪz weɪ əp ðə ræŋks waɪl ˈbætəlɪŋ ə ˈstətərɪŋ ˈprɑbləm, ˈstɑsəl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli gɑt hɪz breɪk wɪn hi ˈlændɪd ə gɪg wɪθ ˈeɪˌbiˌsi nuz ɪn 1981 ɛz ə kənˈsumər rɪˈpɔrtər fər gʊd ˈmɔrnɪŋ, əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ə ˌkɔrəˈspɑndənt fər ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz taɪm wɪθ ˈeɪˌbiˌsi, ˈstɑsəl wən 19 ˈɛmi əˈwɔrdz waɪl ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪŋ fər mɔr ˈstrɪnʤənt kənˈsumər prəˈtɛkʃənz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈstɑsəl bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈʧælənʤ hɪz oʊn ˈθɪŋkɪŋ wɪn hi dɪˈskəvərd ˈrizən ˈmægəˌzin. hi ˈriəˌlaɪzd haʊ məʧ ˈgəvərnmənts, ɛz ɛz ðeɪ meɪ bi, ˈæˌkʧuəli meɪd laɪf mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt fər əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪtɪzənz. hɪz muv təˈwɔrd ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdəd wɪθ ə ˈlɑrʤər roʊl ɔn ɛz hi bɪˈgæn duɪŋ ˈwikli mi ə break”*” ˌsɛgˈmɛnts, ˈɔfən dɪˈteɪlɪŋ ðə weɪz ɪn wɪʧ ˈgəvərnmənt feɪld. ɪn 1994 ðə ˌsɛgˈmɛnt bɪˈkeɪm soʊ ˈpɑpjələr ðət ɪt wɑz spən ɔf ˈɪntu ə ˈwikli ˌsɛgˈmɛnt. ˈstɑsəl bɪˈkeɪm əv ɪn 2003 ənd ˈpəblɪʃt hɪz fərst bʊk, ˈgɪmi ə breɪk: haʊ aɪ ɪkˈspoʊzd ˈhəkstərz, ʧits, ənd skæm ˈɑrtɪsts ənd bɪˈkeɪm ðə skərʤ əv ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈmidiə ɪn 2004 ˈstɑsəl muvd tɪ fɑks nuz ɪn 2009 wɛr hi ˈkərəntli rɪˈzaɪdz. hi ˈɔfən əˈpɪrz ɔn ðə ˈfæktər, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈhoʊstɪŋ hɪz oʊn ʃoʊ ɛnˈtaɪtəld ˈstɑsəl. ʤɑn ˈstɑsəl həz bɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈkætəˌlɪst ɪn ðə ˈmɑdərn ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˈmuvmənt. ˈmɪltən ˈfridmən sɛd əv ˈstɑsəl, ɪz ðət rɛr ˈkriʧər, ə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər hu ˌəndərˈstændz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks, ɪn ɔl ɪts subtlety.”*.” fər ɔl əv ðə jɪrz ðət ˈstɑsəl spɛnt ˈprɑpəˌgeɪtɪŋ ˈlɪˌbərəl mɪθs, hi həz mɔr ðən meɪd əp fər ɪt baɪ prɪˈzɛntɪŋ ðə ˈkɑnsɛpts əv ˈlɪbərˌti ɪn ə ˈmænər wɪʧ ˈɛniˌwən kən ˌəndərˈstænd. ˈstɑsəl brɪŋz ə ˈsərtən ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ðə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˈmuvmənt. hi ɪz ə neɪm ənd feɪs ðət həz ərnd trəst θruaʊt ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpɑpjələs, ənd ə mæn ðət kən ɑrˈtɪkjəˌleɪt ənd ˈsɪnθəˌsaɪz ðə moʊst ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd aɪˈdiəz ˈɪntu ˈsɪmpəl, ˈspɛʃəlz. ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən təˈdeɪ tɪ əˈtɛmpt tɪ pərsˈweɪd ə frɛnd wɪθ ðə ˈraɪtɪŋz əv f.a*. heɪɪk ər ˈməri ˈrɔθbərd. wət ɪz məʧ ˈiziər ɪz tɪ brɪŋ əp ə ʃɔrt ˈjuˌtub klɪp əv ðə ˈstɑsəl ʃoʊ dɪˈraɪdɪŋ bɪg ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn ə səkˈsɪŋkt ənd klɪr ˈfæʃən. ˌlɪbərˈtɛˌriənz kən hæv ə hɑrd taɪm kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪŋ ðɛr ˈkɑmplɛks, ˈprɪnsəpəld pəˈzɪʃənz ɪn ðɪs nuz ˈsaɪkəl. fər ðət ˈrizən, ““conservative”*” ənd ““liberal”*” ˈpəndɪts ər ˈizəli ˈeɪbəl tɪ dɪˈstɔrt ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ɪn ə ˈmænər wɪʧ fɪts tɪ ðɛr ˈnɛrətɪvz. ɪt ɪz məʧ mɔr nuɑnst tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ˈlɪbərˌti ˈnɪrli ˈɔlˌweɪz səkˈsidz wɛr koʊəˈrʃən ənd ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɔrsɪz feɪl. ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ðə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˈmuvmənt hæv ˈdɪfərənt ˈpipəl ənd ˈsɔrsəz wɪʧ wi kən pɔɪnt tɪ ɛz ðə ˈrizənz wi keɪm tɪ ˈlɪbərˌti. ˈwɛðər ɪt wɑz rɑn ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn ɪn 2008 ər ə ˈsɪmpəl dɪˈsteɪst wɪθ ðə saɪz əv ˈgəvərnmənt ˈəndər boʊθ ˈmeɪʤər ˈpɑrtiz, nɑt ˈmɛni bɪˈgæn ɛz ˌlɪbərˈtɛˌriənz, bət ˌnənðəˈlɛs, wi hæv ɔl ˈɛndɪd əp ɪn ðə seɪm pul əv əˈmɛrɪkənz hu ər fɛd əp wɪθ bɪg ˈgəvərnmənt. laɪk ˈmɛni ˈəðərz, aɪ oʊ məʧ əv maɪ ˌɛvəˈluʃən təˈwɔrd ˈlɪbərˌti tɪ ʤɑn ˈstɑsəl. groʊɪŋ əp ɪn ə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈɛriə, ɪt wɑz ˈsɪmpəl tɪ wɔʧ fɑks nuz ənd ˈpɛrət ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈnɛrətɪv. bət ˈɛvəri taɪm aɪ hərd ˈstɑsəl spik əˈbaʊt ˈlɪbərˌti ənd ˈʧælənʤ ðə ˈstætəs kwoʊ, maɪ ˈɪntəˌrɛst wɑz pikt ɪn ə ˈmænər ðət meɪd mi wɔnt tɪ hir mɔr. təˈdeɪ, ɛz aɪ faɪnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf wɪθ ə mɔr ˈsɑləd ənd ˈprɪnsəpəld stæns ɛz ə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən, aɪ ˈkænɑt hɛlp bət bi ˈθæŋkfəl tɪ ʤɑn ˈstɑsəl fər əˈsɪstɪŋ ɪn ˈoʊpənɪŋ maɪ aɪz.
|
few americans outside the world of government or think tanks worry much about world war iii. beyond what appears on cable news or in newspaper headlines, dinner table issues like jobs, health care, paying for education, worrying about retirement, and the fears of a or terrorist attacking friends and loved dominant in most american families.
yet, after 16 years of continued american military engagement from the northern shores of africa, through the middle east and persian gulf, to the border, the pentagon has been directed to begin planning for deterring—and, if necessary, could be world war iii. the assumed enemies are russia and china, or a lesser conflict against north korea or iran, while concurrently fighting the islamic state (is) and other jihadi groups. this guidance is called the “four plus one matrix,” the four being the named states and the “one” is. and this planning effort is no secret.
a more polite phrase is coping with what this administration calls “great power competition.” the great powers are a rising china flexing it military muscles and islets in the various chinese seas, and a resurgent russia occupying parts of ukraine, annexing crimea, and rescuing the bashar regime in syria, while interfering in domestic elections and politics of various nato ours. if war comes with russia or china, both must be defeated.
but what does it take to deter russia or china from a war that neither wants in the first place? and what does it take to win such a war if it were to start? perhaps most importantly, what will it take to prevent and china from actions well short of challenge or harm our interests?
war with either country would be global. against russia, it would almost certainly involve nuclear and thermonuclear weapons of existential proportions. the last global war was world war ii. over 12 million americans served in uniform then. assuming it would take a military consisting of about percent of the it did years we seriously considering putting million americans in uniform?
even during the height of the cold war, when fighting wars against russia and china, and a half war in korea or the middle active duty force consisted of about three million in uniform, with deployed in europe to deter soviet attack. are we going to replicate a force of that size to deter or defeat an adversary?
the smarter approach is to confront any great power competition more realistically. basing this competition largely, if not entirely, on military power is a prescription for failure. consider how during the cold war both republican and democratic administrations were obsessed with the threat of “godless, monolithic communism” and the domino theory in which moscow and beijing would topple friendly regimes. that flawed perception led to the vietnam debacle which president lyndon johnson once rationalized as “stopping the commies on the mekong and not on the mississippi.”
is the united states falling into a similar trap of our response to this so-called great power competition, much as we allowed dominoes to dominant strategy in the cold war? that does not mean we do not need a strong military, or that a capable, ready, and deployed force does not have deterrent value in many situations.
nor does this mean that after many years of war in which either the enemy army was easily crushed, as in lacked real armies, navies and air we be reluctant to bring back skills needed in a war against a well-equipped, trained, modern force. north korea is a good example of this type of enemy.
however, this does mean that any competitions with russia and china are better met politically, economically, diplomatically and ideologically. the more allies and friends we have, the better competition can be managed. by making things into a binary conflict against russia or china, we forget that both world wars and the cold war were won in largest part because of our allies.
unfortunately, american politics today has become an adversarial process of us against them, with both political parties in constant, mortal conflict with the other. the result is a government that is at best dysfunctional, if not broken. by overly any great power competition, we risk a similar outcome on a global scale. the consequences of that could make vietnam look like a fist fight.
dr. harlan ullman has served on the senior advisory group for supreme allied commander europe and is currently senior adviser at washington atlantic council and business executives for national security, chairman of two private companies and principal author of the doctrine of shock and awe. he commanded a destroyer in the persian gulf and led over 150 missions and operations in vietnam as a swift boat skipper. his next book due out this year is anatomy of failure: why america loses wars it starts. find him on twitter @harlankullman.
|
fju əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə wərld əv ˈgəvərnmənt ər θɪŋk tæŋks ˈwəri məʧ əˈbaʊt wərld wɔr iii*. bɪɔnd wət əˈpɪrz ɔn ˈkeɪbəl nuz ər ɪn ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz, ˈdɪnər ˈteɪbəl ˈɪʃuz laɪk ʤɑbz, hɛlθ kɛr, peɪɪŋ fər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ˈwəriɪŋ əˈbaʊt rɪˈtaɪərmənt, ənd ðə fɪrz əv ə ər ˈtɛrərɪst əˈtækɪŋ frɛndz ənd ləvd ˈdɑmənənt ɪn moʊst əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfæməliz. jɛt, ˈæftər 16 jɪrz əv kənˈtɪnjud əˈmɛrɪkən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt frəm ðə ˈnɔrðərn ʃɔrz əv ˈæfrɪkɑ, θru ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ənd ˈpərʒən gəlf, tɪ ðə ˈbɔrdər, ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn həz bɪn dɪˈrɛktɪd tɪ bɪˈgɪn ˈplænɪŋ fər deterring—and*, ɪf ˈnɛsəˌsɛri, kʊd bi wərld wɔr iii*. ðə əˈsumd ˈɛnəmiz ər ˈrəʃə ənd ˈʧaɪnə, ər ə ˈlɛsər ˈkɑnflɪkt əˈgɛnst nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə ər ˌɪˈrɑn, waɪl kənˈkərəntli ˈfaɪtɪŋ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt (ɪz) ənd ˈəðər ʤiˈhɑˌdi grups. ðɪs ˈgaɪdəns ɪz kɔld ðə pləs wən matrix,”*,” ðə fɔr biɪŋ ðə neɪmd steɪts ənd ðə ““one”*” ɪz. ənd ðɪs ˈplænɪŋ ˈɛfərt ɪz noʊ ˈsikrɪt. ə mɔr pəˈlaɪt freɪz ɪz ˈkoʊpɪŋ wɪθ wət ðɪs ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən kɔlz paʊər competition.”*.” ðə greɪt paʊərz ər ə ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈʧaɪnə ˈflɛksɪŋ ɪt ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈməsəlz ənd ˈaɪlɪts ɪn ðə ˈvɛriəs ʧaɪˈniz siz, ənd ə rɪˈsərʤənt ˈrəʃə ˈɑkjəˌpaɪɪŋ pɑrts əv juˈkreɪn, əˈnɛksɪŋ kraɪˈmiə, ənd ˈrɛskjuɪŋ ðə bəˈʃɑr rəˈʒim ɪn ˈsɪriə, waɪl ˌɪnərˈfɪrɪŋ ɪn dəˈmɛstɪk ɪˈlɛkʃənz ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks əv ˈvɛriəs ˈneɪtoʊ ɑrz. ɪf wɔr kəmz wɪθ ˈrəʃə ər ˈʧaɪnə, boʊθ məst bi dɪˈfitɪd. bət wət dɪz ɪt teɪk tɪ dɪˈtər ˈrəʃə ər ˈʧaɪnə frəm ə wɔr ðət ˈniðər wɔnts ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs? ənd wət dɪz ɪt teɪk tɪ wɪn səʧ ə wɔr ɪf ɪt wər tɪ stɑrt? pərˈhæps moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, wət wɪl ɪt teɪk tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ənd ˈʧaɪnə frəm ˈækʃənz wɛl ʃɔrt əv ˈʧælənʤ ər hɑrm ɑr ˈɪntərɪsts? wɔr wɪθ ˈiðər ˈkəntri wʊd bi ˈgloʊbəl. əˈgɛnst ˈrəʃə, ɪt wʊd ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtənli ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈnukliər ənd ˌθərmoʊˈnukliər ˈwɛpənz əv ˌɛgˌzɪˈstɛnʃəl prəˈpɔrʃənz. ðə læst ˈgloʊbəl wɔr wɑz wərld wɔr ii*. ˈoʊvər 12 ˈmɪljən əˈmɛrɪkənz sərvd ɪn ˈjunəˌfɔrm ðɛn. əˈsumɪŋ ɪt wʊd teɪk ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv əˈbaʊt pərˈsɛnt əv ðə ɪt dɪd jɪrz wi ˈsɪriəsli kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈpʊtɪŋ ˈmɪljən əˈmɛrɪkənz ɪn ˈjunəˌfɔrm? ˈivɪn ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə haɪt əv ðə koʊld wɔr, wɪn ˈfaɪtɪŋ wɔrz əˈgɛnst ˈrəʃə ənd ˈʧaɪnə, ənd ə hæf wɔr ɪn ˌkɔˈriə ər ðə ˈmɪdəl ˈæktɪv ˈduti fɔrs kənˈsɪstɪd əv əˈbaʊt θri ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈjunəˌfɔrm, wɪθ dɪˈplɔɪd ɪn ˈjʊrəp tɪ dɪˈtər ˈsoʊviˌɛt əˈtæk. ər wi goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt ə fɔrs əv ðət saɪz tɪ dɪˈtər ər dɪˈfit ən ˈædvərˌsɛri? ðə sˈmɑrtər əˈproʊʧ ɪz tɪ kənˈfrənt ˈɛni greɪt paʊər ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən mɔr ˌriəˈlɪstɪkli. ˈbeɪsɪŋ ðɪs ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ˈlɑrʤli, ɪf nɑt ɪnˈtaɪərli, ɔn ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri paʊər ɪz ə prəˈskrɪpʃən fər ˈfeɪljər. kənˈsɪdər haʊ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə koʊld wɔr boʊθ rɪˈpəblɪkən ənd ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃənz wər əbˈsɛst wɪθ ðə θrɛt əv ““godless*, ˌmɑnəˈlɪθɪk communism”*” ənd ðə ˈdɑmɪˌnoʊ ˈθɪri ɪn wɪʧ ˈmɔˌskaʊ ənd ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ wʊd ˈtɑpəl ˈfrɛndli rəˈʒimz. ðət flɔd pərˈsɛpʃən lɛd tɪ ðə viˌɛtˈnɑm dəˈbɑkəl wɪʧ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈlɪndən ˈʤɑnsən wəns ˈræʃənəˌlaɪzd ɛz ðə ˈkɑmiz ɔn ðə ˈmeɪkɑŋ ənd nɑt ɔn ðə mississippi.”*.” ɪz ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ˈsɪmələr træp əv ɑr rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðɪs ˈsoʊˈkɔld greɪt paʊər ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən, məʧ ɛz wi əˈlaʊd ˈdɑməˌnoʊz tɪ ˈdɑmənənt ˈstrætəʤi ɪn ðə koʊld wɔr? ðət dɪz nɑt min wi du nɑt nid ə strɔŋ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, ər ðət ə ˈkeɪpəbəl, ˈrɛdi, ənd dɪˈplɔɪd fɔrs dɪz nɑt hæv dɪˈtərrənt ˈvælju ɪn ˈmɛni ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz. nɔr dɪz ðɪs min ðət ˈæftər ˈmɛni jɪrz əv wɔr ɪn wɪʧ ˈiðər ðə ˈɛnəmi ˈɑrmi wɑz ˈizəli krəʃt, ɛz ɪn lækt ril ˈɑrmiz, ˈneɪviz ənd ɛr wi bi rɪˈləktənt tɪ brɪŋ bæk skɪlz ˈnidɪd ɪn ə wɔr əˈgɛnst ə well-equipped*, treɪnd, ˈmɑdərn fɔrs. nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə ɪz ə gʊd ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðɪs taɪp əv ˈɛnəmi. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs dɪz min ðət ˈɛni ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃənz wɪθ ˈrəʃə ənd ˈʧaɪnə ər ˈbɛtər mɛt ˈplɪtɪkli, ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkli, ˌdɪpləˈmætɪkli ənd ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkli. ðə mɔr ˈælaɪz ənd frɛndz wi hæv, ðə ˈbɛtər ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən kən bi ˈmænɪʤd. baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ θɪŋz ˈɪntu ə ˈbaɪnəˌri ˈkɑnflɪkt əˈgɛnst ˈrəʃə ər ˈʧaɪnə, wi fərˈgɛt ðət boʊθ wərld wɔrz ənd ðə koʊld wɔr wər wən ɪn ˈlɑrʤəst pɑrt bɪˈkəz əv ɑr ˈælaɪz. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpɑləˌtɪks təˈdeɪ həz bɪˈkəm ən ˌædvərˈsɛriəl ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈjuˈɛs əˈgɛnst ðɛm, wɪθ boʊθ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrtiz ɪn ˈkɑnstənt, ˈmɔrtəl ˈkɑnflɪkt wɪθ ðə ˈəðər. ðə rɪˈzəlt ɪz ə ˈgəvərnmənt ðət ɪz æt bɛst dɪsˈfəŋkʃənəl, ɪf nɑt ˈbroʊkən. baɪ ˈoʊvərli ˈɛni greɪt paʊər ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən, wi rɪsk ə ˈsɪmələr ˈaʊtˌkəm ɔn ə ˈgloʊbəl skeɪl. ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv ðət kʊd meɪk viˌɛtˈnɑm lʊk laɪk ə fɪst faɪt. ˈdɑktər. ˈhɑrlən ˈəlmən həz sərvd ɔn ðə ˈsinjər ædˈvaɪzəri grup fər səˈprim ˈæˌlaɪd kəˈmændər ˈjʊrəp ənd ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈsinjər ædˈvaɪzər æt ˈwɔʃɪŋtən əˈtlæntɪk ˈkaʊnsəl ənd ˈbɪznɪs ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz fər ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti, ˈʧɛrmən əv tu ˈpraɪvət ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈɔθər əv ðə ˈdɔktərɪn əv ʃɑk ənd ɔ. hi kəˈmændɪd ə dɪˈstrɔɪər ɪn ðə ˈpərʒən gəlf ənd lɛd ˈoʊvər 150 ˈmɪʃənz ənd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn viˌɛtˈnɑm ɛz ə swɪft boʊt ˈskɪpər. hɪz nɛkst bʊk du aʊt ðɪs jɪr ɪz əˈnætəmi əv ˈfeɪljər: waɪ əˈmɛrɪkə ˈluzɪz wɔrz ɪt stɑrts. faɪnd ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər @harlankullman*.
|
copyright 2019 broadcasting, inc. all rights reserved. this material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
las cruces, n.m. - the las cruces police detective in charge of investigating the tai chan case says she was "denied resources" because she had previously reported sexual misconduct within the las cruces police department.
in her lawsuit against the city, irma palos said she was retaliated against after telling one of her supervisors about michael garcia -- a detective who was convicted of raping an intern.
according to court documents, as part of the retaliation against her, she was denied resources to aid in a "high-profile murder investigation," specifically “the assistance of a forensic investigator.”
news of the pending lawsuit surfaced during a hearing monday in district court, about five weeks before chan's second trial.
according to a spokesperson with the dona ana county district attorney's office, they are now considering bringing in an independent investigator to see if palos' allegations are true and, if so, what kind of impact that would have on the case.
as 9 previously reported, police say the former santa fe county deputy tai chan shot and killed his partner jeremy martin at a las cruces hotel on oct. 28, 2014.
chan was charged with murder.
however, a jury was unable to come to a unanimous decision and the judge was forced to declare a mistrial.
chan's second trial is scheduled for may 8 in las cruces.
newschannel 9 reached out to for comment.
a spokesperson said they do not comment on pending litigation.
|
ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2019 ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ, ɪŋk. ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd. ðɪs məˈtɪriəl meɪ nɑt bi ˈpəblɪʃt, ˈbrɔdˌkæst, riˈrɪtən, ər ˌridɪˈstrɪbjətɪd. ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈkrusiz, n.m*. ðə ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈkrusiz pəˈlis dɪˈtɛktɪv ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðə taɪ ʧæn keɪs sɪz ʃi wɑz "dɪˈnaɪd ˈrisɔrsɪz" bɪˈkəz ʃi hæd ˈpriviəsli ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈsɛkʃuəl mɪˈskɑndəkt wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈkrusiz pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt. ɪn hər ˈlɔˌsut əˈgɛnst ðə ˈsɪti, ˈərmə ˈpɑloʊz sɛd ʃi wɑz rɪˈtæliˌeɪtɪd əˈgɛnst ˈæftər ˈtɛlɪŋ wən əv hər ˌsupərˈvaɪzərz əˈbaʊt ˈmaɪkəl ˌgɑrˈsiə ə dɪˈtɛktɪv hu wɑz kənˈvɪktəd əv ˈreɪpɪŋ ən ˈɪntərn. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ kɔrt ˈdɑkjəmənts, ɛz pɑrt əv ðə riˌtæliˈeɪʃən əˈgɛnst hər, ʃi wɑz dɪˈnaɪd ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ eɪd ɪn ə "ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl ˈmərdər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən," spəˈsɪfɪkli əˈsɪstəns əv ə ˌfɔˈrɛnsɪk investigator.”*.” nuz əv ðə ˈpɛndɪŋ ˈlɔˌsut ˈsərfɪst ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈhirɪŋ ˈmənˌdeɪ ɪn ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt, əˈbaʊt faɪv wiks ˌbiˈfɔr ʧænz ˈsɛkənd traɪəl. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈspoʊkspərsən wɪθ ðə ˈdoʊnə ˈɑnə ˈkaʊnti ˈdɪstrɪkt əˈtərniz ˈɔfəs, ðeɪ ər naʊ kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪn ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtər tɪ si ɪf ˈpɑloʊz' ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ər tru ənd, ɪf soʊ, wət kaɪnd əv ˌɪmˈpækt ðət wʊd hæv ɔn ðə keɪs. ɛz 9 ˈpriviəsli ˌriˈpɔrtəd, pəˈlis seɪ ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈsænə feɪ ˈkaʊnti ˈdɛpjəti taɪ ʧæn ʃɑt ənd kɪld hɪz ˈpɑrtnər ˈʤɛrəˌmi ˈmɑrtɪn æt ə ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈkrusiz hoʊˈtɛl ɔn ɔkt. 28 2014 ʧæn wɑz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈmərdər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə ˈʤʊri wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ kəm tɪ ə juˈnænəməs dɪˈsɪʒən ənd ðə ʤəʤ wɑz fɔrst tɪ dɪˈklɛr ə ˈmɪˌstraɪəl. ʧænz ˈsɛkənd traɪəl ɪz ˈskɛʤʊld fər meɪ 8 ɪn ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈkrusiz. 9 riʧt aʊt tɪ fər ˈkɑmɛnt. ə ˈspoʊkspərsən sɛd ðeɪ du nɑt ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ˈpɛndɪŋ ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən.
|
mexico city the mexican attorney office has formally charged an general and three retired army officials for their alleged involvement in the drug trade, another bleak reminder of the corruption threat facing the institution charged with waging war against the country's cartels.
gen. roberto dawe gonzalez, retired gens. tomas angeles and ricardo vargas, and retired lt. col. silvio hernandez soto had been held under house arrest since may. on tuesday, they were charged with "organized crime with the intent to commit offenses against health."
prosecutors did not divulge details of the case against the officers. but also charged in the case was edgar "la barbie" valdez villarreal, believed to be a powerful force in the beltran leyva drug cartel. valdez had been on most wanted list until his capture by mexican security forces in august 2010.
in late 2006, mexican president felipe calderon deployed the military to crack down on the drug cartels that operate with impunity in many parts of mexico. more than people have died in violence since then.
the mexican army will probably continue to play a key role in the fight against organized crime under incoming president enrique nieto, the winner of the july 1 election here. although his institutional revolutionary party, or pri, was known to have made deals with drug gangs in the past, he has promised that he will not forge with them and that he will aggressively pursue their leaders.
the army, while generally held in high esteem here, has not been immune to the corrupting influence of the cartels. in 1997, the drug czar, gen. jesus gutierrez rebollo, was arrested, and later convicted, for protecting a leader of the juarez cartel. still, a pew poll released in june found that 80% of mexicans supported decision to send the army after the drug gangs.
as the times reported in may, one of the retired generals, angeles, had appeared at a security forum this year sponsored by the pri. before the election, pundits were discussing the possibility of angeles taking a security post in cabinet. he had earlier served as an assistant defense secretary under calderon from 2006 to 2008.
prosecutors have denied that politics played a role in the detentions of the officers. but questions are being raised about the strength of their case. according the mexico city newspaper reforma, the accusations are based, at least in part, on testimony from anonymous protected witnesses, a drug trafficker who has been extradited to the u.s. and another detained army officer, who have alleged that the army officers were granting protection to planes shuttling cocaine at airports in mexico city and cancun.
in the newspaper on wednesday, commentator carlos puig warned against rushing to judgment if there more substantial evidence.
"i have no idea if gen. tomas angeles is guilty or not of what been accused of," puig wrote. "but i think [prosecutors] know either."
also:
evita now graces argentina's note
temporary refuge for migrants in mexico also under threat
spanish driver charged in crash that killed cuban dissident
-- richard
photo: edgar "la barbie" valdez villarreal, believed to be a powerful force in the beltran leyva drug cartel, was also charged in the case involving mexican army officers. above, he is escorted by federal police in mexico city on aug. 31, 2010. credit: henry romero / reuters
|
ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈsɪti ðə ˈmɛksəkən əˈtərni ˈɔfəs həz ˈfɔrməli ʧɑrʤd ən ˈʤɛnərəl ənd θri rɪˈtaɪrd ˈɑrmi əˈfɪʃəlz fər ðɛr əˈlɛʤd ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ðə drəg treɪd, əˈnəðər blik riˈmaɪndər əv ðə kərˈəpʃən θrɛt ˈfeɪsɪŋ ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈweɪʤɪŋ wɔr əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkəntriz kɑrˈtɛlz. ʤɛn. rəˈbɛrtoʊ dɔ gɑnˈzɑləz, rɪˈtaɪrd ʤɛnz. toʊˈmɑs ˈænʤəlɪs ənd rɪˈkɑrdoʊ ˈvɑrgəs, ənd rɪˈtaɪrd lt*. col*. ˈsɪlvioʊ hərˈnændɛz ˈsoʊtoʊ hæd bɪn hɛld ˈəndər haʊs ərˈɛst sɪns meɪ. ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ðeɪ wər ʧɑrʤd wɪθ "ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd kraɪm wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈtɛnt tɪ kəˈmɪt əˈfɛnsɪz əˈgɛnst hɛlθ." ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz dɪd nɑt dɪˈvəlʤ ˈditeɪlz əv ðə keɪs əˈgɛnst ðə ˈɔfɪsərz. bət ˈɔlsoʊ ʧɑrʤd ɪn ðə keɪs wɑz ˈɛdgər "lɑ ˈbɑrbi" vælˈdɛz ˌvilɑˈril, bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ə ˈpaʊərfəl fɔrs ɪn ðə ˈbɛltrən ˈleɪvə drəg kɑrˈtɛl. vælˈdɛz hæd bɪn ɔn moʊst ˈwɔntɪd lɪst ənˈtɪl hɪz ˈkæpʧər baɪ ˈmɛksəkən sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn ˈɔgəst 2010 ɪn leɪt 2006 ˈmɛksəkən ˈprɛzɪdənt fəˈlip ˌkældərˈoʊn dɪˈplɔɪd ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri tɪ kræk daʊn ɔn ðə drəg kɑrˈtɛlz ðət ˈɔpərˌeɪt wɪθ ˌɪmˈpjunɪti ɪn ˈmɛni pɑrts əv ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ. mɔr ðən ˈpipəl hæv daɪd ɪn ˈvaɪələns sɪns ðɛn. ðə ˈmɛksəkən ˈɑrmi wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli kənˈtɪnju tɪ pleɪ ə ki roʊl ɪn ðə faɪt əˈgɛnst ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd kraɪm ˈəndər ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt ɛnˈrikeɪ ˈniətoʊ, ðə ˈwɪnər əv ðə ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1 ɪˈlɛkʃən hir. ˌɔlˈðoʊ hɪz ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈpɑrti, ər pri, wɑz noʊn tɪ hæv meɪd dilz wɪθ drəg gæŋz ɪn ðə pæst, hi həz ˈprɑməst ðət hi wɪl nɑt fɔrʤ wɪθ ðɛm ənd ðət hi wɪl əˈgrɛsɪvli pərˈsu ðɛr ˈlidərz. ðə ˈɑrmi, waɪl ˈʤɛnərəli hɛld ɪn haɪ ɛˈstim hir, həz nɑt bɪn ˌɪmˈjun tɪ ðə kərˈəptɪŋ ˈɪnfluəns əv ðə kɑrˈtɛlz. ɪn 1997 ðə drəg zɑr, ʤɛn. ˈʤizəs guˈtjɛrɛz rebollo*, wɑz ərˈɛstɪd, ənd ˈleɪtər kənˈvɪktəd, fər prəˈtɛktɪŋ ə ˈlidər əv ðə ˈwɑˌrɛz kɑrˈtɛl. stɪl, ə pju poʊl riˈlist ɪn ʤun faʊnd ðət 80 əv ˈmɛksɪkənz səˈpɔrtɪd dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ sɛnd ðə ˈɑrmi ˈæftər ðə drəg gæŋz. ɛz ðə taɪmz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn meɪ, wən əv ðə rɪˈtaɪrd ˈʤɛnərəlz, ˈænʤəlɪs, hæd əˈpɪrd æt ə sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈfɔrəm ðɪs jɪr ˈspɑnsərd baɪ ðə pri. ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən, ˈpəndɪts wər dɪˈskəsɪŋ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈænʤəlɪs ˈteɪkɪŋ ə sɪˈkjʊrəti poʊst ɪn ˈkæbənət. hi hæd ˈərliər sərvd ɛz ən əˈsɪstənt dɪˈfɛns ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈəndər ˌkældərˈoʊn frəm 2006 tɪ 2008 ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz hæv dɪˈnaɪd ðət ˈpɑləˌtɪks pleɪd ə roʊl ɪn ðə dɪˈtɛnʃənz əv ðə ˈɔfɪsərz. bət kˈwɛsʧənz ər biɪŋ reɪzd əˈbaʊt ðə strɛŋθ əv ðɛr keɪs. əˈkɔrdɪŋ ðə ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈsɪti ˈnuzˌpeɪpər rɪˈfɔrmə, ðə ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz ər beɪst, æt list ɪn pɑrt, ɔn ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni frəm əˈnɑnəməs prəˈtɛktɪd ˈwɪtnəsɪz, ə drəg ˈtræfɪkər hu həz bɪn ˈɛkstrəˌdaɪtɪd tɪ ðə juz. ənd əˈnəðər dɪˈteɪnd ˈɑrmi ˈɔfɪsər, hu hæv əˈlɛʤd ðət ðə ˈɑrmi ˈɔfɪsərz wər ˈgrænɪŋ prəˈtɛkʃən tɪ pleɪnz ˈʃətəlɪŋ koʊˈkeɪn æt ˈɛrˌpɔrts ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈsɪti ənd ˌkɑŋˈkun. ɪn ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər ˈkɑrloʊs pug wɔrnd əˈgɛnst ˈrəʃɪŋ tɪ ˈʤəʤmənt ɪf ðɛr mɔr səbˈstænʃəl ˈɛvədəns. "aɪ hæv noʊ aɪˈdiə ɪf ʤɛn. toʊˈmɑs ˈænʤəlɪs ɪz ˈgɪlti ər nɑt əv wət bɪn əˈkjuzd əv," pug roʊt. "bət aɪ θɪŋk [ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz] noʊ ˈiðər." ˈɔlsoʊ: ɛˈvitə naʊ ˈgreɪsɪz ˌɑrʤənˈtinəz noʊt ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈrɛfjuʤ fər ˈmaɪgrənts ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈəndər θrɛt ˈspænɪʃ ˈdraɪvər ʧɑrʤd ɪn kræʃ ðət kɪld ˈkjubən ˈdɪsədɪnt ˈrɪʧərd ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈɛdgər "lɑ ˈbɑrbi" vælˈdɛz ˌvilɑˈril, bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ə ˈpaʊərfəl fɔrs ɪn ðə ˈbɛltrən ˈleɪvə drəg kɑrˈtɛl, wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ʧɑrʤd ɪn ðə keɪs ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈmɛksəkən ˈɑrmi ˈɔfɪsərz. əˈbəv, hi ɪz ɛˈskɔrtɪd baɪ ˈfɛdərəl pəˈlis ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈsɪti ɔn ˈɔgəst. 31 2010 ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈhɛnri roʊˈmɛroʊ ˈrɔɪtərz
|
on september destiny will launch on playstation 4, playstation 3, one and 360 - but not pc.
it's an unfortunate situation for many who had hoped to play next shooter with a mouse and keyboard. and for many it seems like a strange omission, given the game was built on pc in the first place. surely it wouldn't take much time or effort for to release a pc version, then?
"the truth is it's not that simple," design lead lars bakken told during a recent studio tour.
"i wish it was that simple. it's pretty complicated. that doesn't mean it can't happen in the future, it just means it won't happen right now."
destiny is first game in over a decade, and its first on a playstation platform. the studio handles development of all the versions internally, rather than outsourcing development to other studios. it even handles quality assurance itself - one of the many reasons there are over 500 people currently working on the game inside bellevue, washington base.
"the console are really important for us and that's what we're focusing on," bakken continued. "we're doing it all internally ourselves. that's a huge endeavour. that's not something we've ever done before.
"so when i'm and i'm trying to play, one, 360 and, that's a lot of work. adding another thing on there is just crazy. it's crazy to think of right now."
bungie coo pete parsons echoed response when we quizzed him on the same subject.
"i think four platforms on day one is a lot, considering we've been a one platform team for a very long time," he said.
"what is also true is that, as you might imagine, we're all hardcore pc players. we play everything. it doesn't matter if it's a phone, pc or console, we play it. and there are 500 people up there. so we care a lot about the pc.
"but this is a huge and ambitious project for us, and just getting it on one console would be a momentous challenge. getting it on four on the same day is something we've never even tried before. we wanted to get it right, and we didn't want to add in tonnes more risk."
parsons also said creating and releasing a pc version of shared world shooter would not be as easy as many believe, because all versions of the game connect to the same persistent video game world, which itself extends to multiple platforms.
"it is not nearly as simple as you think," he said. "it is one central world no matter what the platform, and so that requires lots of intensive thought.
"frankly, it's not a thought we can spend time thinking about right now. just building up the game and putting it across generations of platforms, and working on platforms we've never worked on before with the playstation 3, these are very big challenges. i'm thankful we have the engineering team we do."
while it seems certain that destiny will not launch on pc alongside the console versions, what chance post-launch? or, perhaps, what chance of a pc version of future destiny games?
"i look forward to our future conversations around pc," parsons said, cryptically.
"we love the pc. we hear it too. we ask the question of ourselves."
this article was based on a press trip to offices in bellevue, washington. activision paid for travel and accommodation.
make sure you check out our recent hands-on destiny preview.
|
ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər ˈdɛstəni wɪl lɔnʧ ɔn ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən 4 ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən 3 wən ənd 360 bət nɑt ˈpiˈsi. ɪts ən ənˈfɔrʧənət ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən fər ˈmɛni hu hæd hoʊpt tɪ pleɪ nɛkst ˈʃutər wɪθ ə maʊs ənd ˈkiˌbɔrd. ənd fər ˈmɛni ɪt simz laɪk ə streɪnʤ oʊˈmɪʃən, ˈgɪvɪn ðə geɪm wɑz bɪlt ɔn ˈpiˈsi ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. ˈʃʊrli ɪt ˈwʊdənt teɪk məʧ taɪm ər ˈɛfərt fər tɪ riˈlis ə ˈpiˈsi ˈvərʒən, ðɛn? "ðə truθ ɪz ɪts nɑt ðət ˈsɪmpəl," dɪˈzaɪn lɛd lɑrz ˈbækən toʊld ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈrisənt ˈstudiˌoʊ tʊr. "aɪ wɪʃ ɪt wɑz ðət ˈsɪmpəl. ɪts ˈprɪti ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd. ðət ˈdəzənt min ɪt kænt ˈhæpən ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər, ɪt ʤɪst minz ɪt woʊnt ˈhæpən raɪt naʊ." ˈdɛstəni ɪz fərst geɪm ɪn ˈoʊvər ə ˈdɛkeɪd, ənd ɪts fərst ɔn ə ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən ˈplætˌfɔrm. ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ ˈhændəlz dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ɔl ðə ˈvərʒənz ˌɪnˈtərnəli, ˈrəðər ðən ˌaʊtˈsɔrsɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpmənt tɪ ˈəðər ˈstudiˌoʊz. ɪt ˈivɪn ˈhændəlz kˈwɑləti əˈʃʊrəns ˌɪtˈsɛlf wən əv ðə ˈmɛni ˈrizənz ðɛr ər ˈoʊvər 500 ˈpipəl ˈkərəntli ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ðə geɪm ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈbɛlvˌju, ˈwɔʃɪŋtən beɪs. "ðə ˈkɑnsoʊl ər ˈrɪli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ˈjuˈɛs ənd ðæts wət wɪr ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn," ˈbækən kənˈtɪnjud. "wɪr duɪŋ ɪt ɔl ˌɪnˈtərnəli ɑrˈsɛlvz. ðæts ə juʤ ɪnˈdɛvər. ðæts nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ wiv ˈɛvər dən ˌbiˈfɔr. "soʊ wɪn əm ənd əm traɪɪŋ tɪ pleɪ wən, 360 ənd ðæts ə lɔt əv wərk. ˈædɪŋ əˈnəðər θɪŋ ɔn ðɛr ɪz ʤɪst ˈkreɪzi. ɪts ˈkreɪzi tɪ θɪŋk əv raɪt naʊ." ku pit ˈpɑrsənz ˈɛkoʊd rɪˈspɑns wɪn wi kwɪzd ɪm ɔn ðə seɪm ˈsəbʤɪkt. "aɪ θɪŋk fɔr ˈplætˌfɔrmz ɔn deɪ wən ɪz ə lɔt, kənˈsɪdərɪŋ wiv bɪn ə wən ˈplætˌfɔrm tim fər ə ˈvɛri lɔŋ taɪm," hi sɛd. "wət ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ tru ɪz ðət, ɛz ju maɪt ˌɪˈmæʤən, wɪr ɔl ˈhɑrdˈkɔr ˈpiˈsi pleɪərz. wi pleɪ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. ɪt ˈdəzənt ˈmætər ɪf ɪts ə foʊn, ˈpiˈsi ər ˈkɑnsoʊl, wi pleɪ ɪt. ənd ðɛr ər 500 ˈpipəl əp ðɛr. soʊ wi kɛr ə lɔt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpiˈsi. "bət ðɪs ɪz ə juʤ ənd æmˈbɪʃəs ˈprɑʤɛkt fər ˈjuˈɛs, ənd ʤɪst ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪt ɔn wən ˈkɑnsoʊl wʊd bi ə moʊˈmɛntəs ˈʧælənʤ. ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪt ɔn fɔr ɔn ðə seɪm deɪ ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ wiv ˈnɛvər ˈivɪn traɪd ˌbiˈfɔr. wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ gɪt ɪt raɪt, ənd wi ˈdɪdənt wɔnt tɪ æd ɪn tənz mɔr rɪsk." ˈpɑrsənz ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd kriˈeɪtɪŋ ənd riˈlisɪŋ ə ˈpiˈsi ˈvərʒən əv ʃɛrd wərld ˈʃutər wʊd nɑt bi ɛz ˈizi ɛz ˈmɛni bɪˈliv, bɪˈkəz ɔl ˈvərʒənz əv ðə geɪm kəˈnɛkt tɪ ðə seɪm pərˈsɪstənt ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm wərld, wɪʧ ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪkˈstɛndz tɪ ˈməltəpəl ˈplætˌfɔrmz. "ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈnɪrli ɛz ˈsɪmpəl ɛz ju θɪŋk," hi sɛd. "ɪt ɪz wən ˈsɛntrəl wərld noʊ ˈmætər wət ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm, ənd soʊ ðət rikˈwaɪərz lɑts əv ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪv θɔt. "ˈfræŋkli, ɪts nɑt ə θɔt wi kən spɛnd taɪm ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt raɪt naʊ. ʤɪst ˈbɪldɪŋ əp ðə geɪm ənd ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪt əˈkrɔs ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz əv ˈplætˌfɔrmz, ənd ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ˈplætˌfɔrmz wiv ˈnɛvər wərkt ɔn ˌbiˈfɔr wɪθ ðə ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən 3 ðiz ər ˈvɛri bɪg ˈʧælənʤɪz. əm ˈθæŋkfəl wi hæv ðə ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ tim wi du." waɪl ɪt simz ˈsərtən ðət ˈdɛstəni wɪl nɑt lɔnʧ ɔn ˈpiˈsi əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ðə ˈkɑnsoʊl ˈvərʒənz, wət ʧæns post-launch*? ər, pərˈhæps, wət ʧæns əv ə ˈpiˈsi ˈvərʒən əv fˈjuʧər ˈdɛstəni geɪmz? "aɪ lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ɑr fˈjuʧər ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz əraʊnd ˈpiˈsi," ˈpɑrsənz sɛd, cryptically*. "wi ləv ðə ˈpiˈsi. wi hir ɪt tu. wi æsk ðə kˈwɛʃən əv ɑrˈsɛlvz." ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɑz beɪst ɔn ə prɛs trɪp tɪ ˈɔfəsɪz ɪn ˈbɛlvˌju, ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. ˈæktɪˌvɪʒən peɪd fər ˈtrævəl ənd əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən. meɪk ʃʊr ju ʧɛk aʊt ɑr ˈrisənt ˌhænˈzɔn ˈdɛstəni ˈprivˌju.
|
nairaland forum / entertainment / fashion / weird fashion trends from history (pictures) (31760 views)
weird things some nigerian ladies do just to have big & firm boobs / fashion trends that rocked 2014 / what are the current nigerian fashion trends? (2) (3) (4)
(1) (2) (3) (reply) (go down)
the iconic image of a japanese warrior (or today, sumo wrestler) comes complete with a weird hairstyle in which the front of the head is shaved while the remaining mullet is bound up in a bun or topknot. the origin of this bizarre haircut, called "chonmage," goes all the way back to the age of the samurai, as it helped to keep a samurai's helmet on his head.
since the samurai class were wealthy and influential nobility, it didn't take long for the style to catch on among the japanese public, who longed to be badasses. over time, it became traditional for boys turning 13 to shave the front of their heads and adopt the samurai hairstyle to signal that they had become men. hair neatness was so important in japan that artists usually employed messy hair as shorthand to represent someone who had been in some way disgraced.
the fashion was pretty widespread until globalization forced the japanese to realize that the rest of the world found their absolutely ridiculous -- which is a claim, considering everyone in the west was wearing powdered wigs at the time (but more on that later).
a story from 1863 recounts the adventures of two japanese students who covered their with hats while visiting holland. when forced to remove the hats at the theater, they caused such an uproar of hilarity that the play had to be stopped, and the story made the national press the next day. it's just another example of a national pastime ruined by racism.
these days, the legacy of remains almost solely with sumo wrestlers, who are too fat to be bothered with your criticism of their. those stuck on the top of samurais' iconic image of a japanese warrior (or today, sumo wrestler) comes complete with a weird hairstyle in which the front of the head is shaved while the remaining mullet is bound up in a bun or topknot. the origin of this bizarre haircut, called "chonmage," goes all the way back to the age of the samurai, as it helped to keep a samurai's helmet on his the samurai class were wealthy and influential nobility, it didn't take long for the style to catch on among the japanese public, who longed to be badasses. over time, it became traditional for boys turning 13 to shave the front of their heads and adopt the samurai hairstyle to signal that they had become men. hair neatness was so important in japan that artists usually employed messy hair as shorthand to represent someone who had been in some way fashion was pretty widespread until globalization forced the japanese to realize that the rest of the world found their absolutely ridiculous -- which is a claim, considering everyone in the west was wearing powdered wigs at the time (but more on that story from 1863 recounts the adventures of two japanese students who covered their with hats while visiting holland. when forced to remove the hats at the theater, they caused such an uproar of hilarity that the play had to be stopped, and the story made the national press the next day. it's just another example of a national pastime ruined by days, the legacy of remains almost solely with sumo wrestlers, who are too fat to be bothered with your criticism of their. 3 likes
in certain african and asian cultures neck rings are worn to assist a matrimonial chances. girls as young as two were fitted with spiraled metal coils, and these were gradually increased, some by as much as twenty turns.
the neck elongate of course. called execution by hanging and as such is not a very effective fashion trend. what happens is the weight of the collar depresses the collar bone and ribs down to a position forty five degrees below what is normal.
neck certain african and asian cultures neck rings are worn to assist a matrimonial chances. girls as young as two were fitted with spiraled metal coils, and these were gradually increased, some by as much as twenty neck elongate of course. called execution by hanging and as such is not a very effective fashion trend. what happens is the weight of the collar depresses the collar bone and ribs down to a position forty five degrees below what is normal. 2 likes
the fastest way to identify a movie as a period piece is when everyone important in the film is wearing a wig. kings and aristocrats, presidents, politicians and composers are always decked out in elaborate curly wigs, often adorned with plaits, ribbons and bows. in britain and australia, judges and barristers still wear them. so who the hell thought that was a good idea?
blame king louis of france. the french monarchy had long suffered from a hereditary condition of embarrassing male pattern baldness, and so, tired of being mocked by the king of england, louis wore a badass wig to show that he was the most virile king around. before long, his unconventional style became a fashion statement in the royal court, with most of the king's men adopting the elaborate hairpieces, whether they were bald or not.
with france being the center of european culture in the century, anything that was sexy in france quickly spread to the rest of europe. as aristocrats tried to outdo one another, the wigs, called or periwigs, became more and more fabulous. this led to the creation of a whole industry of wig-makers, who established their own guild in 1665. the wigs became such a part of the culture that you had to wear a wig to move upward in society. by the late 1700s, men were pouring a powder over their wigs to make them as white as possible.
the wig craze died in england when the government sensed a opportunity and imposed a hefty tax on hair powder. at the same time, a minor incident in france called the french revolution made it kind of uncool to be seen in public wearing a symbol of the aristocracy. but until then, the phenomenon had been one of the most and weirdest fashion in european history. all because the king of france was self-conscious about his bald spot. huge, ridiculous powdered fastest way to identify a movie as a period piece is when everyone important in the film is wearing a wig. kings and aristocrats, presidents, politicians and composers are always decked out in elaborate curly wigs, often adorned with plaits, ribbons and bows. in britain and australia, judges and barristers still wear them. so who the hell thought that was a good king louis of france. the french monarchy had long suffered from a hereditary condition of embarrassing male pattern baldness, and so, tired of being mocked by the king of england, louis wore a badass wig to show that he was the most virile king around. before long, his unconventional style became a fashion statement in the royal court, with most of the king's men adopting the elaborate hairpieces, whether they were bald or france being the center of european culture in the century, anything that was sexy in france quickly spread to the rest of europe. as aristocrats tried to outdo one another, the wigs, called or periwigs, became more and more fabulous. this led to the creation of a whole industry of wig-makers, who established their own guild in 1665. the wigs became such a part of the culture that you had to wear a wig to move upward in society. by the late 1700s, men were pouring a powder over their wigs to make them as white as wig craze died in england when the government sensed a opportunity and imposed a hefty tax on hair powder. at the same time, a minor incident in france called the french revolution made it kind of uncool to be seen in public wearing a symbol of the aristocracy. but until then, the phenomenon had been one of the most and weirdest fashion in european history. all because the king of france was self-conscious about his bald spot. 3 likes
the egyptians produced so much art in their time that you can almost certainly reproduce your average egyptian fresco from memory with a pencil and paper -- everyone in profile, standing around and staring out with one giant eyeball.
there was a practical purpose behind the distinctive egyptian chic. it turns out that the egyptians' affinity for eyeliner served the same purpose as the black smears on a modern football player's cheekbones -- it helped to reduce glare from the oppressive desert sunlight.
not only was the egyptian desert bright enough to begin with, but as we've pointed out before, the pyramids were originally covered in a white limestone coating so that every venture outside your hut was like someone shining a spotlight directly into your eyes for 10 hours. slapping a thick layer of black around their eyes was a minor but welcome relief from the constant light assault the egyptians were subjected to.
also, see those little cone things on their heads? they really served as the egyptian method for dealing with the fact that they all like nothing you could imagine. the lifestyle of a desert environment comes prepackaged with the reality that most of your daily activities are going to revolve around contact with somebody else's sweat. the cones were actually composed of animal fat and perfume, which would melt during the day and produce an aroma to offset their intolerable stench.
that dark eye makeup egyptians egyptians produced so much art in their time that you can almost certainly reproduce your average egyptian fresco from memory with a pencil and paper -- everyone in profile, standing around and staring out with one giant was a practical purpose behind the distinctive egyptian chic. it turns out that the egyptians' affinity for eyeliner served the same purpose as the black smears on a modern football player's cheekbones -- it helped to reduce glare from the oppressive desert only was the egyptian desert bright enough to begin with, but as we've pointed out before, the pyramids were originally covered in a white limestone coating so that every venture outside your hut was like someone shining a spotlight directly into your eyes for 10 hours. slapping a thick layer of black around their eyes was a minor but welcome relief from the constant light assault the egyptians were subjected to.also, see those little cone things on their heads? they really served as the egyptian method for dealing with the fact that they all like nothing you could imagine. the lifestyle of a desert environment comes prepackaged with the reality that most of your daily activities are going to revolve around contact with somebody else's sweat. the cones were actually composed of animal fat and perfume, which would melt during the day and produce an aroma to offset their intolerable stench. 1 like
the lip plate, alsown as a lip plug or lip disc, is a form of body modification. increasingly large discs (usually circular, and made from clay or wood) are inserted into a pierced hole in either the upper or lower lip, or both, thereby stretching it. the term denotes all kinds of ornaments, including plates and plugs.
in many older sources it is reported that the size is a sign of social or economical importance in some tribes. however, because of natural mechanical attributes of human skin, it seems that the size often just depends on the stage of stretching of the lip and the wishes of the wearer.
many recent sources claim that, for and surma women, the size of their lip plate indicates the number of cattle paid as the bride price.
in recent times, facial modifications are increasingly popular.
the lip plate lip plate, alsown as a lip plug or lip disc, is a form of body modification. increasingly large discs (usually circular, and made from clay or wood) are inserted into a pierced hole in either the upper or lower lip, or both, thereby stretching it. the term denotes all kinds of ornaments, including plates and many older sources it is reported that the size is a sign of social or economical importance in some tribes. however, because of natural mechanical attributes of human skin, it seems that the size often just depends on the stage of stretching of the lip and the wishes of the recent sources claim that, for and surma women, the size of their lip plate indicates the number of cattle paid as the bride recent times, facial modifications are increasingly popular.
footbinding first became fashionable china in around the eighth century and persisted for almost a thousand years. women were literally crippled by this custom.
a noble woman in imperial china with normal feet was practically unmarriageable. (only peasants had normal feet, because they needed to get about in the fields and work. a real lady showed her status by staggering around in agony or having someone carry her.)
while still a small child a rich girl had her feet soaked in a bath of urine and vinegar, then all the toes except the big one were folded under the foot, and secured with tight bandages. this soaking and binding process would continue throughout the childhood, with the result that the feet never grew more than three inches long
often this disgusting procedure led to gangrene; this was considered a good thing as the rotting toes would then fall off and cease being a nuisance! the ideal of perfection was to have hardly any foot at all. foot first became fashionable china in around the eighth century and persisted for almost a thousand years. women were literally crippled by this noble woman in imperial china with normal feet was practically unmarriageable. (only peasants had normal feet, because they needed to get about in the fields and work. a real lady showed her status by staggering around in agony or having someone carry still a small child a rich girl had her feet soaked in a bath of urine and vinegar, then all the toes except the big one were folded under the foot, and secured with tight bandages. this soaking and binding process would continue throughout the childhood, with the result that the feet never grew more than three inches this disgusting procedure led to gangrene; this was considered a good thing as the rotting toes would then fall off and cease being a nuisance! the ideal of perfection was to have hardly any foot at all.
wow 1 like
#1 is the most shocking and intriguing of them all.
people suffered due to what was deemed aesthetic at the time iw right !!!#1 is the most shocking and intriguing of them suffered due to what was deemed aesthetic at the time
but some dull sha feet binding! dat plate carrying lip thng?
god av is an understatement for all wat i read saw. 4 likes
vickii ro: but some dull sha feet binding! dat plate carrying lip thng?
god av is an understatement for all wat i read saw.
i tell you!
in fact, i just googled the definition of fashion once more lol
i wonder what our generations would think about our fashion sense.
i'm yet to get over the foot binding that must have hurt!! damn!! i tell fact, i just googled the definition of fashion once more wonder what our generations would think about our fashion yet to get over the foot must have hurt!! damn!!
aniiii:
i tell you!
in fact, i just googled the definition of fashion once more lol
i wonder what our generations would think about our fashion sense.
i'm yet to get over the foot binding that must have hurt!! damn!!
different strokes for different long as it doing it even if its d latest fashion
wetin? to look" in d now" na by force different strokes for different long as it doing it even if its d latest fashionwetin? to look" in d now" na by force
aniiii:
however, because of natural mechanical attributes of human skin, it seems that the size often just depends on the stage of stretching of the lip and the wishes of the wearer.
many recent sources claim that, for and surma women, the size of their lip plate indicates the number of cattle paid as the bride price.
.... used to dis lip plate stuff was sum slave trade era by em slave masters... din twas fashion..
the asian foot stuff s stuuuupid!!!! .... used to dis lip plate stuff was sum slave trade era by em slave masters... din twas asian foot stuff s stuuuupid!!!! 1 like
gzus!!!... foot binding , lip plate *faints*. gzus!!!... foot binding, lip plate *faints*.
ocephraim:
.... used to dis lip plate stuff was sum slave trade era by em slave masters... din twas fashion..
the asian foot stuff s stuuuupid!!!!
we learn new things everyday
ikr!! it is an extremely bizarre fashion idea. we learn new things everydayikr!! it is an extremely bizarre fashion idea.
pocahontess: gzus!!!... foot binding , lip plate *faints*.
all in the name of fashion ! all in the name of fashion !
dats bizarre
neck rings dats stupid
worst of all, lip plates, dats nonsence, d hell do dey eat foot of all, lip plates, dats nonsence, d hell do dey eat 1 like
i think their lips are the only affected areas.
surely, the ability to munch is still intact. think their lips are the only affected areas.surely, the ability to munch is still intact.
na wa 2 likes
blood of abu gad if to say na this modern nor go do me like dis i nor go gree!! fuccccck!!!
dat wan na punishment na lol i'm sure you wear male skinny wan na punishment na
its d lip plate thing that has me actually making a in d modern time its called d d faces most ladies make to tak a pic) its d lip plate thing that has me actually making a in d modern time its called d d faces most ladies make to tak a pic) 4 likes
yeh, i get you.
but, damn!! i would rather have my lips elongated than to lose my foot yeh, i get you.but, damn!! i would rather have my lips elongated than to lose my foot
i just might add more, great job i thought this was a really cool thread when i first saw it, glad it made front just might add more, great job 1 like
i think the inspiration for those elongated neck rings must have come from giraffes! 1 like
however those with plates in their mouths must be waiting for manna from heaven.
where they do that at? - fixing plates permanently in their mouths and shyte.
those people must be from somewhere in the horn of africa. i with the egyptians - they were those with plates in their mouths must be waiting for manna from they do that at? - fixing plates permanently in their mouths and people must be from somewhere in the horn of africa. 1 like
is that neck for real?
blind fashions
inyanga de pain
haha one na b fashion.....
hmmmm, that foot binding is so gross, it would involve crushing the metatarsals. the lip plate is even nothing to talk about. 1 like
|
nairaland* ˈfɔrəm ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ˈfæʃən wɪrd ˈfæʃən trɛnz frəm ˈhɪstəri (ˈpɪkʧərz) 31760 vjuz) wɪrd θɪŋz səm naɪˈʤɪriən ˈleɪdiz du ʤɪst tɪ hæv bɪg fərm bubz ˈfæʃən trɛnz ðət rɑkt 2014 wət ər ðə ˈkɑrənt naɪˈʤɪriən ˈfæʃən trɛnz? 2 3 4 1 2 3 (rɪˈplaɪ) (goʊ daʊn) ðə ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ˈɪmɪʤ əv ə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈwɔrjər (ər təˈdeɪ, ˈsumoʊ ˈrɛsələr) kəmz kəmˈplit wɪθ ə wɪrd ˈhɛrˌstaɪl ɪn wɪʧ ðə frənt əv ðə hɛd ɪz ʃeɪvd waɪl ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈmələt ɪz baʊnd əp ɪn ə bən ər ˈtɑpˌnɑt. ðə ˈɔrəʤən əv ðɪs bɪˈzɑr ˈhɛrˌkət, kɔld "chonmage*," goʊz ɔl ðə weɪ bæk tɪ ðə eɪʤ əv ðə ˈsæmʊˌraɪ, ɛz ɪt hɛlpt tɪ kip ə ˈsæmərˌaɪz ˈhɛlmət ɔn hɪz hɛd. sɪns ðə ˈsæmʊˌraɪ klæs wər ˈwɛlθi ənd ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl noʊˈbɪləti, ɪt ˈdɪdənt teɪk lɔŋ fər ðə staɪl tɪ kæʧ ɔn əˈməŋ ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈpəblɪk, hu lɔŋd tɪ bi badasses*. ˈoʊvər taɪm, ɪt bɪˈkeɪm trəˈdɪʃənəl fər bɔɪz ˈtərnɪŋ 13 tɪ ʃeɪv ðə frənt əv ðɛr hɛdz ənd əˈdɑpt ðə ˈsæmʊˌraɪ ˈhɛrˌstaɪl tɪ ˈsɪgnəl ðət ðeɪ hæd bɪˈkəm mɛn. hɛr ˈnitnəs wɑz soʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn ʤəˈpæn ðət ˈɑrtɪsts ˈjuʒəwəli ɪmˈplɔɪd ˈmɛsi hɛr ɛz ˈʃɔrˌthænd tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈsəmˌwən hu hæd bɪn ɪn səm weɪ dɪsˈgreɪst. ðə ˈfæʃən wɑz ˈprɪti ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ənˈtɪl ˌgloʊbəlɪˈzeɪʃən fɔrst ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld faʊnd ðɛr ˌæbsəˈlutli rɪˈdɪkjələs wɪʧ ɪz ə kleɪm, kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðə wɛst wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈpaʊdərd wɪgz æt ðə taɪm (bət mɔr ɔn ðət ˈleɪtər). ə ˈstɔri frəm 1863 ˌriˈkaʊnts ðə ædˈvɛnʧərz əv tu ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈstudənts hu ˈkəvərd ðɛr wɪθ hæts waɪl ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈhɑlənd. wɪn fɔrst tɪ riˈmuv ðə hæts æt ðə ˈθieɪtər, ðeɪ kɔzd səʧ ən ˈəˌprɔr əv hɪˈlɛrəti ðət ðə pleɪ hæd tɪ bi stɑpt, ənd ðə ˈstɔri meɪd ðə ˈnæʃənəl prɛs ðə nɛkst deɪ. ɪts ʤɪst əˈnəðər ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈpæˌstaɪm ruɪnd baɪ ˈreɪˌsɪzəm. ðiz deɪz, ðə ˈlɛgəsi əv rɪˈmeɪnz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsoʊəli wɪθ ˈsumoʊ ˈrɛsələrz, hu ər tu fæt tɪ bi ˈbɑðərd wɪθ jʊr ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv ðɛr. ðoʊz stək ɔn ðə tɔp əv ˈsæmərˌaɪz' ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk ˈɪmɪʤ əv ə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈwɔrjər (ər təˈdeɪ, ˈsumoʊ ˈrɛsələr) kəmz kəmˈplit wɪθ ə wɪrd ˈhɛrˌstaɪl ɪn wɪʧ ðə frənt əv ðə hɛd ɪz ʃeɪvd waɪl ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈmələt ɪz baʊnd əp ɪn ə bən ər ˈtɑpˌnɑt. ðə ˈɔrəʤən əv ðɪs bɪˈzɑr ˈhɛrˌkət, kɔld "chonmage*," goʊz ɔl ðə weɪ bæk tɪ ðə eɪʤ əv ðə ˈsæmʊˌraɪ, ɛz ɪt hɛlpt tɪ kip ə ˈsæmərˌaɪz ˈhɛlmət ɔn hɪz ðə ˈsæmʊˌraɪ klæs wər ˈwɛlθi ənd ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl noʊˈbɪləti, ɪt ˈdɪdənt teɪk lɔŋ fər ðə staɪl tɪ kæʧ ɔn əˈməŋ ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈpəblɪk, hu lɔŋd tɪ bi badasses*. ˈoʊvər taɪm, ɪt bɪˈkeɪm trəˈdɪʃənəl fər bɔɪz ˈtərnɪŋ 13 tɪ ʃeɪv ðə frənt əv ðɛr hɛdz ənd əˈdɑpt ðə ˈsæmʊˌraɪ ˈhɛrˌstaɪl tɪ ˈsɪgnəl ðət ðeɪ hæd bɪˈkəm mɛn. hɛr ˈnitnəs wɑz soʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn ʤəˈpæn ðət ˈɑrtɪsts ˈjuʒəwəli ɪmˈplɔɪd ˈmɛsi hɛr ɛz ˈʃɔrˌthænd tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈsəmˌwən hu hæd bɪn ɪn səm weɪ ˈfæʃən wɑz ˈprɪti ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ənˈtɪl ˌgloʊbəlɪˈzeɪʃən fɔrst ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld faʊnd ðɛr ˌæbsəˈlutli rɪˈdɪkjələs wɪʧ ɪz ə kleɪm, kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðə wɛst wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈpaʊdərd wɪgz æt ðə taɪm (bət mɔr ɔn ðət ˈstɔri frəm 1863 ˌriˈkaʊnts ðə ædˈvɛnʧərz əv tu ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈstudənts hu ˈkəvərd ðɛr wɪθ hæts waɪl ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈhɑlənd. wɪn fɔrst tɪ riˈmuv ðə hæts æt ðə ˈθieɪtər, ðeɪ kɔzd səʧ ən ˈəˌprɔr əv hɪˈlɛrəti ðət ðə pleɪ hæd tɪ bi stɑpt, ənd ðə ˈstɔri meɪd ðə ˈnæʃənəl prɛs ðə nɛkst deɪ. ɪts ʤɪst əˈnəðər ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈpæˌstaɪm ruɪnd baɪ deɪz, ðə ˈlɛgəsi əv rɪˈmeɪnz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsoʊəli wɪθ ˈsumoʊ ˈrɛsələrz, hu ər tu fæt tɪ bi ˈbɑðərd wɪθ jʊr ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv ðɛr. 3 laɪks ɪn ˈsərtən ˈæfrɪkɑn ənd ˈeɪʒən ˈkəlʧərz nɛk rɪŋz ər wɔrn tɪ əˈsɪst ə ˌmætrəˈmoʊniəl ˈʧænsɪz. gərlz ɛz jəŋ ɛz tu wər ˈfɪtɪd wɪθ ˈspaɪrəld ˈmɛtəl kɔɪlz, ənd ðiz wər ˈgræʤuəli ˌɪnˈkrist, səm baɪ ɛz məʧ ɛz tˈwɛnti tərnz. ðə nɛk ɪˈlɔŋgeɪt əv kɔrs. kɔld ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən baɪ ˈhæŋɪŋ ənd ɛz səʧ ɪz nɑt ə ˈvɛri ˈifɛktɪv ˈfæʃən trɛnd. wət ˈhæpənz ɪz ðə weɪt əv ðə ˈkɑlər dɪˈprɛsɪz ðə ˈkɑlər boʊn ənd rɪbz daʊn tɪ ə pəˈzɪʃən ˈfɔrti faɪv dɪˈgriz bɪˈloʊ wət ɪz ˈnɔrməl. nɛk ˈsərtən ˈæfrɪkɑn ənd ˈeɪʒən ˈkəlʧərz nɛk rɪŋz ər wɔrn tɪ əˈsɪst ə ˌmætrəˈmoʊniəl ˈʧænsɪz. gərlz ɛz jəŋ ɛz tu wər ˈfɪtɪd wɪθ ˈspaɪrəld ˈmɛtəl kɔɪlz, ənd ðiz wər ˈgræʤuəli ˌɪnˈkrist, səm baɪ ɛz məʧ ɛz tˈwɛnti nɛk ɪˈlɔŋgeɪt əv kɔrs. kɔld ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən baɪ ˈhæŋɪŋ ənd ɛz səʧ ɪz nɑt ə ˈvɛri ˈifɛktɪv ˈfæʃən trɛnd. wət ˈhæpənz ɪz ðə weɪt əv ðə ˈkɑlər dɪˈprɛsɪz ðə ˈkɑlər boʊn ənd rɪbz daʊn tɪ ə pəˈzɪʃən ˈfɔrti faɪv dɪˈgriz bɪˈloʊ wət ɪz ˈnɔrməl. 2 laɪks ðə ˈfæstəst weɪ tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ə ˈmuvi ɛz ə ˈpɪriəd pis ɪz wɪn ˈɛvriˌwən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn ðə fɪlm ɪz ˈwɛrɪŋ ə wɪg. kɪŋz ənd ərˈɪstəˌkræts, ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts, ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ənd kəmˈpoʊzərz ər ˈɔlˌweɪz dɛkt aʊt ɪn ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ˈkərli wɪgz, ˈɔfən əˈdɔrnd wɪθ pleɪts, ˈrɪbənz ənd boʊz. ɪn ˈbrɪtən ənd ɔˈstreɪljə, ˈʤəʤɪz ənd ˈbɛrɪstərz stɪl wɛr ðɛm. soʊ hu ðə hɛl θɔt ðət wɑz ə gʊd aɪˈdiə? bleɪm kɪŋ luɪs əv fræns. ðə frɛnʧ ˈmɑnɑrki hæd lɔŋ ˈsəfərd frəm ə hərˈɛdəˌtɛri kənˈdɪʃən əv ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ meɪl ˈpætərn ˈbɔldnəs, ənd soʊ, taɪərd əv biɪŋ mɑkt baɪ ðə kɪŋ əv ˈɪŋglənd, luɪs wɔr ə ˈbæˌdæs wɪg tɪ ʃoʊ ðət hi wɑz ðə moʊst ˈvɪrəl kɪŋ əraʊnd. ˌbiˈfɔr lɔŋ, hɪz ˌənkənˈvɛnʃənəl staɪl bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈfæʃən ˈsteɪtmənt ɪn ðə rɔɪəl kɔrt, wɪθ moʊst əv ðə kɪŋz mɛn əˈdɑptɪŋ ðə ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt hairpieces*, ˈwɛðər ðeɪ wər bɔld ər nɑt. wɪθ fræns biɪŋ ðə ˈsɛnər əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkəlʧər ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri, ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət wɑz ˈsɛksi ɪn fræns kˈwɪkli sprɛd tɪ ðə rɛst əv ˈjʊrəp. ɛz ərˈɪstəˌkræts traɪd tɪ ˌaʊtˈdu wən əˈnəðər, ðə wɪgz, kɔld ər periwigs*, bɪˈkeɪm mɔr ənd mɔr ˈfæbjələs. ðɪs lɛd tɪ ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ə hoʊl ˈɪndəstri əv wig-makers*, hu ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðɛr oʊn gɪld ɪn 1665 ðə wɪgz bɪˈkeɪm səʧ ə pɑrt əv ðə ˈkəlʧər ðət ju hæd tɪ wɛr ə wɪg tɪ muv ˈəpwərd ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti. baɪ ðə leɪt 1700s*, mɛn wər ˈpɔrɪŋ ə ˈpaʊdər ˈoʊvər ðɛr wɪgz tɪ meɪk ðɛm ɛz waɪt ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ðə wɪg kreɪz daɪd ɪn ˈɪŋglənd wɪn ðə ˈgəvərnmənt sɛnst ə ˌɑpərˈtunəti ənd ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ə ˈhɛfti tæks ɔn hɛr ˈpaʊdər. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ə ˈmaɪnər ˈɪnsədənt ɪn fræns kɔld ðə frɛnʧ ˌrɛvəˈluʃən meɪd ɪt kaɪnd əv ˌənˈkul tɪ bi sin ɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈwɛrɪŋ ə ˈsɪmbəl əv ðə ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi. bət ənˈtɪl ðɛn, ðə fəˈnɑməˌnɑn hæd bɪn wən əv ðə moʊst ənd ˈwɪrdəst ˈfæʃən ɪn ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈhɪstəri. ɔl bɪˈkəz ðə kɪŋ əv fræns wɑz ˌsɛlfˈkɑnʃəs əˈbaʊt hɪz bɔld spɑt. juʤ, rɪˈdɪkjələs ˈpaʊdərd ˈfæstəst weɪ tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ə ˈmuvi ɛz ə ˈpɪriəd pis ɪz wɪn ˈɛvriˌwən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɪn ðə fɪlm ɪz ˈwɛrɪŋ ə wɪg. kɪŋz ənd ərˈɪstəˌkræts, ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts, ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ənd kəmˈpoʊzərz ər ˈɔlˌweɪz dɛkt aʊt ɪn ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ˈkərli wɪgz, ˈɔfən əˈdɔrnd wɪθ pleɪts, ˈrɪbənz ənd boʊz. ɪn ˈbrɪtən ənd ɔˈstreɪljə, ˈʤəʤɪz ənd ˈbɛrɪstərz stɪl wɛr ðɛm. soʊ hu ðə hɛl θɔt ðət wɑz ə gʊd kɪŋ luɪs əv fræns. ðə frɛnʧ ˈmɑnɑrki hæd lɔŋ ˈsəfərd frəm ə hərˈɛdəˌtɛri kənˈdɪʃən əv ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ meɪl ˈpætərn ˈbɔldnəs, ənd soʊ, taɪərd əv biɪŋ mɑkt baɪ ðə kɪŋ əv ˈɪŋglənd, luɪs wɔr ə ˈbæˌdæs wɪg tɪ ʃoʊ ðət hi wɑz ðə moʊst ˈvɪrəl kɪŋ əraʊnd. ˌbiˈfɔr lɔŋ, hɪz ˌənkənˈvɛnʃənəl staɪl bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈfæʃən ˈsteɪtmənt ɪn ðə rɔɪəl kɔrt, wɪθ moʊst əv ðə kɪŋz mɛn əˈdɑptɪŋ ðə ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt hairpieces*, ˈwɛðər ðeɪ wər bɔld ər fræns biɪŋ ðə ˈsɛnər əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkəlʧər ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri, ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət wɑz ˈsɛksi ɪn fræns kˈwɪkli sprɛd tɪ ðə rɛst əv ˈjʊrəp. ɛz ərˈɪstəˌkræts traɪd tɪ ˌaʊtˈdu wən əˈnəðər, ðə wɪgz, kɔld ər periwigs*, bɪˈkeɪm mɔr ənd mɔr ˈfæbjələs. ðɪs lɛd tɪ ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ə hoʊl ˈɪndəstri əv wig-makers*, hu ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðɛr oʊn gɪld ɪn 1665 ðə wɪgz bɪˈkeɪm səʧ ə pɑrt əv ðə ˈkəlʧər ðət ju hæd tɪ wɛr ə wɪg tɪ muv ˈəpwərd ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti. baɪ ðə leɪt 1700s*, mɛn wər ˈpɔrɪŋ ə ˈpaʊdər ˈoʊvər ðɛr wɪgz tɪ meɪk ðɛm ɛz waɪt ɛz wɪg kreɪz daɪd ɪn ˈɪŋglənd wɪn ðə ˈgəvərnmənt sɛnst ə ˌɑpərˈtunəti ənd ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ə ˈhɛfti tæks ɔn hɛr ˈpaʊdər. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ə ˈmaɪnər ˈɪnsədənt ɪn fræns kɔld ðə frɛnʧ ˌrɛvəˈluʃən meɪd ɪt kaɪnd əv ˌənˈkul tɪ bi sin ɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈwɛrɪŋ ə ˈsɪmbəl əv ðə ˌɛrəˈstɑkrəsi. bət ənˈtɪl ðɛn, ðə fəˈnɑməˌnɑn hæd bɪn wən əv ðə moʊst ənd ˈwɪrdəst ˈfæʃən ɪn ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈhɪstəri. ɔl bɪˈkəz ðə kɪŋ əv fræns wɑz ˌsɛlfˈkɑnʃəs əˈbaʊt hɪz bɔld spɑt. 3 laɪks ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃənz prəˈdust soʊ məʧ ɑrt ɪn ðɛr taɪm ðət ju kən ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtənli ˌriprəˈdus jʊr ˈævərɪʤ ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈfrɛskoʊ frəm ˈmɛməri wɪθ ə ˈpɛnsəl ənd ˈpeɪpər ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ˈproʊˌfaɪl, ˈstændɪŋ əraʊnd ənd ˈstɛrɪŋ aʊt wɪθ wən ʤaɪənt ˈaɪˌbɔl. ðɛr wɑz ə ˈpræktɪkəl ˈpərpəs bɪˈhaɪnd ðə dɪˈstɪŋktɪv ɪˈʤɪpʃən ʃik. ɪt tərnz aʊt ðət ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃənz' əˈfɪnɪti fər ˈaɪˌlaɪnər sərvd ðə seɪm ˈpərpəs ɛz ðə blæk smɪrz ɔn ə ˈmɑdərn ˈfʊtˌbɔl pleɪərz ˈʧikˌboʊnz ɪt hɛlpt tɪ rɪˈdus glɛr frəm ðə əˈprɛsɪv ˈdɛzərt ˈsənˌlaɪt. nɑt ˈoʊnli wɑz ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈdɛzərt braɪt ɪˈnəf tɪ bɪˈgɪn wɪθ, bət ɛz wiv ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ˌbiˈfɔr, ðə ˈpɪrəmɪdz wər ərˈɪʤənəli ˈkəvərd ɪn ə waɪt ˈlaɪmˌstoʊn ˈkoʊtɪŋ soʊ ðət ˈɛvəri ˈvɛnʧər ˈaʊtˈsaɪd jʊr hət wɑz laɪk ˈsəmˌwən ˈʃaɪnɪŋ ə ˈspɑˌtlaɪt dɪˈrɛkli ˈɪntu jʊr aɪz fər 10 aʊərz. sˈlæpɪŋ ə θɪk leɪər əv blæk əraʊnd ðɛr aɪz wɑz ə ˈmaɪnər bət ˈwɛlkəm rɪˈlif frəm ðə ˈkɑnstənt laɪt əˈsɔlt ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃənz wər səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ. ˈɔlsoʊ, si ðoʊz ˈlɪtəl koʊn θɪŋz ɔn ðɛr hɛdz? ðeɪ ˈrɪli sərvd ɛz ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈmɛθəd fər ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ðə fækt ðət ðeɪ ɔl laɪk ˈnəθɪŋ ju kʊd ˌɪˈmæʤən. ðə ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl əv ə ˈdɛzərt ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt kəmz priˈpækəʤd wɪθ ðə ˌriˈæləˌti ðət moʊst əv jʊr ˈdeɪli ækˈtɪvɪtiz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ riˈvɑlv əraʊnd ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ˈsəmˌbɑdi ˈɛlsɪz swɛt. ðə koʊnz wər ˈæˌkʧuəli kəmˈpoʊzd əv ˈænəməl fæt ənd pərfˈjum, wɪʧ wʊd mɛlt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə deɪ ənd ˈproʊdus ən ərˈoʊmə tɪ ˈɔfˌsɛt ðɛr ˌɪnˈtɑlərəbəl stɛnʧ. ðət dɑrk aɪ ˈmeɪˌkəp ɪˈʤɪpʃənz ɪˈʤɪpʃənz prəˈdust soʊ məʧ ɑrt ɪn ðɛr taɪm ðət ju kən ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈsərtənli ˌriprəˈdus jʊr ˈævərɪʤ ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈfrɛskoʊ frəm ˈmɛməri wɪθ ə ˈpɛnsəl ənd ˈpeɪpər ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ˈproʊˌfaɪl, ˈstændɪŋ əraʊnd ənd ˈstɛrɪŋ aʊt wɪθ wən ʤaɪənt wɑz ə ˈpræktɪkəl ˈpərpəs bɪˈhaɪnd ðə dɪˈstɪŋktɪv ɪˈʤɪpʃən ʃik. ɪt tərnz aʊt ðət ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃənz' əˈfɪnɪti fər ˈaɪˌlaɪnər sərvd ðə seɪm ˈpərpəs ɛz ðə blæk smɪrz ɔn ə ˈmɑdərn ˈfʊtˌbɔl pleɪərz ˈʧikˌboʊnz ɪt hɛlpt tɪ rɪˈdus glɛr frəm ðə əˈprɛsɪv ˈdɛzərt ˈoʊnli wɑz ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈdɛzərt braɪt ɪˈnəf tɪ bɪˈgɪn wɪθ, bət ɛz wiv ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ˌbiˈfɔr, ðə ˈpɪrəmɪdz wər ərˈɪʤənəli ˈkəvərd ɪn ə waɪt ˈlaɪmˌstoʊn ˈkoʊtɪŋ soʊ ðət ˈɛvəri ˈvɛnʧər ˈaʊtˈsaɪd jʊr hət wɑz laɪk ˈsəmˌwən ˈʃaɪnɪŋ ə ˈspɑˌtlaɪt dɪˈrɛkli ˈɪntu jʊr aɪz fər 10 aʊərz. sˈlæpɪŋ ə θɪk leɪər əv blæk əraʊnd ðɛr aɪz wɑz ə ˈmaɪnər bət ˈwɛlkəm rɪˈlif frəm ðə ˈkɑnstənt laɪt əˈsɔlt ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃənz wər səˈbʤɛktɪd to.also*, si ðoʊz ˈlɪtəl koʊn θɪŋz ɔn ðɛr hɛdz? ðeɪ ˈrɪli sərvd ɛz ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈmɛθəd fər ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ðə fækt ðət ðeɪ ɔl laɪk ˈnəθɪŋ ju kʊd ˌɪˈmæʤən. ðə ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl əv ə ˈdɛzərt ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt kəmz priˈpækəʤd wɪθ ðə ˌriˈæləˌti ðət moʊst əv jʊr ˈdeɪli ækˈtɪvɪtiz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ riˈvɑlv əraʊnd ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ˈsəmˌbɑdi ˈɛlsɪz swɛt. ðə koʊnz wər ˈæˌkʧuəli kəmˈpoʊzd əv ˈænəməl fæt ənd pərfˈjum, wɪʧ wʊd mɛlt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə deɪ ənd ˈproʊdus ən ərˈoʊmə tɪ ˈɔfˌsɛt ðɛr ˌɪnˈtɑlərəbəl stɛnʧ. 1 laɪk ðə lɪp pleɪt, ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ə lɪp pləg ər lɪp dɪsk, ɪz ə fɔrm əv ˈbɑdi ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃən. ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli lɑrʤ dɪsks (ˈjuʒəwəli ˈsərkjələr, ənd meɪd frəm kleɪ ər wʊd) ər ˌɪnˈsərtɪd ˈɪntu ə pɪrst hoʊl ɪn ˈiðər ðə ˈəpər ər loʊər lɪp, ər boʊθ, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ˈstrɛʧɪŋ ɪt. ðə tərm dɪˈnoʊts ɔl kaɪnz əv ˈɔrnəmənts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ pleɪts ənd pləgz. ɪn ˈmɛni ˈoʊldər ˈsɔrsəz ɪt ɪz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə saɪz ɪz ə saɪn əv ˈsoʊʃəl ər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkəl ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns ɪn səm traɪbz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, bɪˈkəz əv ˈnæʧərəl məˈkænɪkəl əˈtrɪˌbjuts əv ˈjumən skɪn, ɪt simz ðət ðə saɪz ˈɔfən ʤɪst dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ðə steɪʤ əv ˈstrɛʧɪŋ əv ðə lɪp ənd ðə ˈwɪʃɪz əv ðə ˈwɛrər. ˈmɛni ˈrisənt ˈsɔrsəz kleɪm ðət, fər ənd ˈsərmə ˈwɪmən, ðə saɪz əv ðɛr lɪp pleɪt ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkætəl peɪd ɛz ðə braɪd praɪs. ɪn ˈrisənt taɪmz, ˈfeɪʃəl ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈpɑpjələr. ðə lɪp pleɪt lɪp pleɪt, ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ə lɪp pləg ər lɪp dɪsk, ɪz ə fɔrm əv ˈbɑdi ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃən. ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli lɑrʤ dɪsks (ˈjuʒəwəli ˈsərkjələr, ənd meɪd frəm kleɪ ər wʊd) ər ˌɪnˈsərtɪd ˈɪntu ə pɪrst hoʊl ɪn ˈiðər ðə ˈəpər ər loʊər lɪp, ər boʊθ, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ˈstrɛʧɪŋ ɪt. ðə tərm dɪˈnoʊts ɔl kaɪnz əv ˈɔrnəmənts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ pleɪts ənd ˈmɛni ˈoʊldər ˈsɔrsəz ɪt ɪz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə saɪz ɪz ə saɪn əv ˈsoʊʃəl ər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkəl ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns ɪn səm traɪbz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, bɪˈkəz əv ˈnæʧərəl məˈkænɪkəl əˈtrɪˌbjuts əv ˈjumən skɪn, ɪt simz ðət ðə saɪz ˈɔfən ʤɪst dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ðə steɪʤ əv ˈstrɛʧɪŋ əv ðə lɪp ənd ðə ˈwɪʃɪz əv ðə ˈrisənt ˈsɔrsəz kleɪm ðət, fər ənd ˈsərmə ˈwɪmən, ðə saɪz əv ðɛr lɪp pleɪt ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkætəl peɪd ɛz ðə braɪd ˈrisənt taɪmz, ˈfeɪʃəl ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz ər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈpɑpjələr. fərst bɪˈkeɪm ˈfæʃənəbəl ˈʧaɪnə ɪn əraʊnd ðə eɪθ ˈsɛnʧəri ənd pərˈsɪstɪd fər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə ˈθaʊzənd jɪrz. ˈwɪmən wər ˈlɪtərəli ˈkrɪpəld baɪ ðɪs ˈkəstəm. ə ˈnoʊbəl ˈwʊmən ɪn ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ˈʧaɪnə wɪθ ˈnɔrməl fit wɑz ˈpræktɪkəli unmarriageable*. (ˈoʊnli ˈpɛzənts hæd ˈnɔrməl fit, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ gɪt əˈbaʊt ɪn ðə fildz ənd wərk. ə ril ˈleɪdi ʃoʊd hər ˈstætəs baɪ ˈstægərˌɪŋ əraʊnd ɪn ˈægəni ər ˈhævɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən ˈkɛri hər.) waɪl stɪl ə smɔl ʧaɪld ə rɪʧ gərl hæd hər fit soʊkt ɪn ə bæθ əv ˈjʊrən ənd ˈvɪnəgər, ðɛn ɔl ðə toʊz ɪkˈsɛpt ðə bɪg wən wər ˈfoʊldɪd ˈəndər ðə fʊt, ənd sɪˈkjʊrd wɪθ taɪt ˈbændɪʤɪz. ðɪs ˈsoʊkɪŋ ənd ˈbaɪndɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs wʊd kənˈtɪnju θruaʊt ðə ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd, wɪθ ðə rɪˈzəlt ðət ðə fit ˈnɛvər gru mɔr ðən θri ˈɪnʧɪz lɔŋ ˈɔfən ðɪs dɪsˈgəstɪŋ prəˈsiʤər lɛd tɪ ˈgængrin; ðɪs wɑz kənˈsɪdərd ə gʊd θɪŋ ɛz ðə ˈrɑtɪŋ toʊz wʊd ðɛn fɔl ɔf ənd sis biɪŋ ə ˈnusəns! ðə aɪˈdil əv pərˈfɛkʃən wɑz tɪ hæv ˈhɑrdli ˈɛni fʊt æt ɔl. fʊt fərst bɪˈkeɪm ˈfæʃənəbəl ˈʧaɪnə ɪn əraʊnd ðə eɪθ ˈsɛnʧəri ənd pərˈsɪstɪd fər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ə ˈθaʊzənd jɪrz. ˈwɪmən wər ˈlɪtərəli ˈkrɪpəld baɪ ðɪs ˈnoʊbəl ˈwʊmən ɪn ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ˈʧaɪnə wɪθ ˈnɔrməl fit wɑz ˈpræktɪkəli unmarriageable*. (ˈoʊnli ˈpɛzənts hæd ˈnɔrməl fit, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ gɪt əˈbaʊt ɪn ðə fildz ənd wərk. ə ril ˈleɪdi ʃoʊd hər ˈstætəs baɪ ˈstægərˌɪŋ əraʊnd ɪn ˈægəni ər ˈhævɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən ˈkɛri stɪl ə smɔl ʧaɪld ə rɪʧ gərl hæd hər fit soʊkt ɪn ə bæθ əv ˈjʊrən ənd ˈvɪnəgər, ðɛn ɔl ðə toʊz ɪkˈsɛpt ðə bɪg wən wər ˈfoʊldɪd ˈəndər ðə fʊt, ənd sɪˈkjʊrd wɪθ taɪt ˈbændɪʤɪz. ðɪs ˈsoʊkɪŋ ənd ˈbaɪndɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs wʊd kənˈtɪnju θruaʊt ðə ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd, wɪθ ðə rɪˈzəlt ðət ðə fit ˈnɛvər gru mɔr ðən θri ˈɪnʧɪz ðɪs dɪsˈgəstɪŋ prəˈsiʤər lɛd tɪ ˈgængrin; ðɪs wɑz kənˈsɪdərd ə gʊd θɪŋ ɛz ðə ˈrɑtɪŋ toʊz wʊd ðɛn fɔl ɔf ənd sis biɪŋ ə ˈnusəns! ðə aɪˈdil əv pərˈfɛkʃən wɑz tɪ hæv ˈhɑrdli ˈɛni fʊt æt ɔl. waʊ 1 laɪk 1 ɪz ðə moʊst ˈʃɑkɪŋ ənd ˌɪnˈtrigɪŋ əv ðɛm ɔl. ˈpipəl ˈsəfərd du tɪ wət wɑz dimd ɛsˈθɛtɪk æt ðə taɪm aɪ noʊ raɪt 1 ɪz ðə moʊst ˈʃɑkɪŋ ənd ˌɪnˈtrigɪŋ əv ðɛm ˈsəfərd du tɪ wət wɑz dimd ɛsˈθɛtɪk æt ðə taɪm bət səm dəl ʃɑ fit ˈbaɪndɪŋ! dæt pleɪt ˈkɛriɪŋ lɪp thng*? gɑd ˌeɪˈvi ɪz ən ˈəndərˌsteɪtmənt fər ɔl wɔt aɪ rɛd sɔ. 4 laɪks roʊ: bət səm dəl ʃɑ fit ˈbaɪndɪŋ! dæt pleɪt ˈkɛriɪŋ lɪp thng*? gɑd ˌeɪˈvi ɪz ən ˈəndərˌsteɪtmənt fər ɔl wɔt aɪ rɛd sɔ. aɪ tɛl ju! ɪn fækt, aɪ ʤɪst ˈgugəld ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv ˈfæʃən wəns mɔr lɔl aɪ ˈwəndər wət ɑr ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz wʊd θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈfæʃən sɛns. əm jɛt tɪ gɪt ˈoʊvər ðə fʊt ˈbaɪndɪŋ ðət məst hæv hərt!! dæm!! aɪ tɛl fækt, aɪ ʤɪst ˈgugəld ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv ˈfæʃən wəns mɔr ˈwəndər wət ɑr ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz wʊd θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈfæʃən jɛt tɪ gɪt ˈoʊvər ðə fʊt məst hæv hərt!! dæm!! aniiii*: aɪ tɛl ju! ɪn fækt, aɪ ʤɪst ˈgugəld ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv ˈfæʃən wəns mɔr lɔl aɪ ˈwəndər wət ɑr ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz wʊd θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈfæʃən sɛns. əm jɛt tɪ gɪt ˈoʊvər ðə fʊt ˈbaɪndɪŋ ðət məst hæv hərt!! dæm!! ˈdɪfərənt stroʊks fər ˈdɪfərənt lɔŋ ɛz ɪt duɪŋ ɪt ˈivɪn ɪf ɪts di ˈleɪtəst ˈfæʃən wetin*? tɪ lʊk" ɪn di naʊ" nɑ baɪ fɔrs ˈdɪfərənt stroʊks fər ˈdɪfərənt lɔŋ ɛz ɪt duɪŋ ɪt ˈivɪn ɪf ɪts di ˈleɪtəst fashionwetin*? tɪ lʊk" ɪn di naʊ" nɑ baɪ fɔrs aniiii*: ˌhaʊˈɛvər, bɪˈkəz əv ˈnæʧərəl məˈkænɪkəl əˈtrɪˌbjuts əv ˈjumən skɪn, ɪt simz ðət ðə saɪz ˈɔfən ʤɪst dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ðə steɪʤ əv ˈstrɛʧɪŋ əv ðə lɪp ənd ðə ˈwɪʃɪz əv ðə ˈwɛrər. ˈmɛni ˈrisənt ˈsɔrsəz kleɪm ðət, fər ənd ˈsərmə ˈwɪmən, ðə saɪz əv ðɛr lɪp pleɪt ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkætəl peɪd ɛz ðə braɪd praɪs. juzd tɪ dɪs lɪp pleɪt stəf wɑz səm sleɪv treɪd ˈɪrə baɪ ɛm sleɪv ˈmæstərz... dɪn twəz ˈfæʃən.. ðə ˈeɪʒən fʊt stəf ɛs stuuuupid*!!!! juzd tɪ dɪs lɪp pleɪt stəf wɑz səm sleɪv treɪd ˈɪrə baɪ ɛm sleɪv ˈmæstərz... dɪn twəz ˈeɪʒən fʊt stəf ɛs stuuuupid*!!!! 1 laɪk gzus*!!!... fʊt ˈbaɪndɪŋ lɪp pleɪt *faints**. gzus*!!!... fʊt ˈbaɪndɪŋ, lɪp pleɪt *faints**. ocephraim*: juzd tɪ dɪs lɪp pleɪt stəf wɑz səm sleɪv treɪd ˈɪrə baɪ ɛm sleɪv ˈmæstərz... dɪn twəz ˈfæʃən.. ðə ˈeɪʒən fʊt stəf ɛs stuuuupid*!!!! wi lərn nu θɪŋz ˈɛvriˈdeɪ ikr*!! ɪt ɪz ən ɪkˈstrimli bɪˈzɑr ˈfæʃən aɪˈdiə. wi lərn nu θɪŋz everydayikr*!! ɪt ɪz ən ɪkˈstrimli bɪˈzɑr ˈfæʃən aɪˈdiə. pocahontess*: gzus*!!!... fʊt ˈbaɪndɪŋ lɪp pleɪt *faints**. ɔl ɪn ðə neɪm əv ˈfæʃən ɔl ɪn ðə neɪm əv ˈfæʃən dæts bɪˈzɑr nɛk rɪŋz dæts ˈstupɪd wərst əv ɔl, lɪp pleɪts, dæts nonsence*, di hɛl du deɪ it fʊt əv ɔl, lɪp pleɪts, dæts nonsence*, di hɛl du deɪ it 1 laɪk aɪ θɪŋk ðɛr lɪps ər ðə ˈoʊnli əˈfɛktɪd ˈɛriəz. ˈʃʊrli, ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ mənʧ ɪz stɪl ˌɪnˈtækt. θɪŋk ðɛr lɪps ər ðə ˈoʊnli əˈfɛktɪd areas.surely*, ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ mənʧ ɪz stɪl ˌɪnˈtækt. nɑ wɑ 2 laɪks bləd əv ˈæbu gæd ɪf tɪ seɪ nɑ ðɪs ˈmɑdərn nɔr goʊ du mi laɪk dɪs aɪ nɔr goʊ gree*!! fuccccck*!!! dæt wɑn nɑ ˈpənɪʃmənt nɑ lɔl əm ʃʊr ju wɛr meɪl ˈskɪni wɑn nɑ ˈpənɪʃmənt nɑ ɪts di lɪp pleɪt θɪŋ ðət həz mi ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ɪn di ˈmɑdərn taɪm ɪts kɔld di di ˈfeɪsɪz moʊst ˈleɪdiz meɪk tɪ tæk ə pɪk) ɪts di lɪp pleɪt θɪŋ ðət həz mi ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ɪn di ˈmɑdərn taɪm ɪts kɔld di di ˈfeɪsɪz moʊst ˈleɪdiz meɪk tɪ tæk ə pɪk) 4 laɪks jɛ, aɪ gɪt ju. bət, dæm!! aɪ wʊd ˈrəðər hæv maɪ lɪps ɪˈlɔŋgeɪtəd ðən tɪ luz maɪ fʊt jɛ, aɪ gɪt you.but*, dæm!! aɪ wʊd ˈrəðər hæv maɪ lɪps ɪˈlɔŋgeɪtəd ðən tɪ luz maɪ fʊt aɪ ʤɪst maɪt æd mɔr, greɪt ʤɑb aɪ θɔt ðɪs wɑz ə ˈrɪli kul θrɛd wɪn aɪ fərst sɔ ɪt, glæd ɪt meɪd frənt ʤɪst maɪt æd mɔr, greɪt ʤɑb 1 laɪk aɪ θɪŋk ðə ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən fər ðoʊz ɪˈlɔŋgeɪtəd nɛk rɪŋz məst hæv kəm frəm ʤəræfs! 1 laɪk ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðoʊz wɪθ pleɪts ɪn ðɛr maʊðz məst bi ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ˈmænə frəm ˈhɛvən. wɛr ðeɪ du ðət æt? ˈfɪksɪŋ pleɪts ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ɪn ðɛr maʊðz ənd shyte*. ðoʊz ˈpipəl məst bi frəm ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn ðə hɔrn əv ˈæfrɪkɑ. aɪ wɪθ ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃənz ðeɪ wər ðoʊz wɪθ pleɪts ɪn ðɛr maʊðz məst bi ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ˈmænə frəm ðeɪ du ðət æt? ˈfɪksɪŋ pleɪts ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ɪn ðɛr maʊðz ənd ˈpipəl məst bi frəm ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn ðə hɔrn əv ˈæfrɪkɑ. 1 laɪk ɪz ðət nɛk fər ril? blaɪnd ˈfæʃənz də peɪn wən nɑ bi ˈfæʃən..... hmmmm*, ðət fʊt ˈbaɪndɪŋ ɪz soʊ groʊs, ɪt wʊd ˌɪnˈvɑlv ˈkrəʃɪŋ ðə metatarsals*. ðə lɪp pleɪt ɪz ˈivɪn ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt. 1 laɪk
|
los gatos fire hoses still on the ground around him monday morning, darin devincenzi surveyed the extensive damage to the popular restaurant that bears his and his initials.
the night before, double sports grille was buzzing with dozens of warrior fans who watched the team win a crucial playoff game against the houston rockets. but then fire erupted after the restaurant closed.
as devincenzi stood outside with some of his employees, he admitted, “it gets a little emotional.”
“we’ve got to rebuild,” he said.
devincenzi credits firefighters for salvaging his collection of sports memorabilia that adorned the walls of double, including signed jerseys and photographs. some of his personal favorites include items from joe thornton, stephen curry and michael jordan.
“the firefighters were awesome, a good job by these guys,” said devincenzi, who has owned and operated the restaurant with his brother, dean, for almost 20 years. “there’s nothing super valuable, but valuable to me.”
the blaze, reported at p.m., was contained to the attic and had probably burned for some time before being detected, according to the santa clara county fire department.
extinguishing the blaze proved to be difficult as firefighters encountered three roofs while attempting to cut holes on top of the structure in order to let hot gases out, according to a fire department official.
the cause of the fire, which was under control at a.m., was the improper storage of cleaning supplies, paper towels and electrical equipment in a water heater close, fire officials said. .
darin devincenzi received a call around midnight and rushed down to the restaurant, located on santa cruz avenue. once he arrived, devincenzi stood and watched as flames shot through the roof.
“the emotions quite set in last night because we were in such shock,” devincenzi. “you know what to even do or what to think.”
bryan, who owns a gas station across the street, counts himself as one of double many regular customers. he said the closure of double, for however long, will be a loss for the los gatos community.
“it’s shame,” said. “these guys have been here for a long time. they do a fantastic job and are really supportive of the community.”
devincenzi laments the timing of the blaze, considering both the sharks and warriors are in the midst of playoff runs.
“we’re big warriors fans and sharks fans,” he said. “it’s a big time for us, a fun time of year. this is why we do this.”
contact mark gomez at and follow him at twitter.com/markmgomez.
|
lɔs ˈgɑˌtoʊs faɪər ˈhoʊzɪz stɪl ɔn ðə graʊnd əraʊnd ɪm ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ˈdærɪn dɪvinˈʧɛnzi ˈsərˌveɪd ðə ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ðə ˈpɑpjələr ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ðət bɛrz hɪz ənd hɪz ˌɪˈnɪʃəlz. ðə naɪt ˌbiˈfɔr, ˈdəbəl spɔrts grɪl wɑz ˈbəzɪŋ wɪθ ˈdəzənz əv ˈwɔrjər fænz hu wɔʧt ðə tim wɪn ə ˈkruʃəl pleɪɔf geɪm əˈgɛnst ðə ˈhjustən ˈrɑkəts. bət ðɛn faɪər ˌɪˈrəptɪd ˈæftər ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt kloʊzd. ɛz dɪvinˈʧɛnzi stʊd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd wɪθ səm əv hɪz ɪmˈplɔɪiz, hi ədˈmɪtəd, gɪts ə ˈlɪtəl emotional.”*.” gɑt tɪ rebuild,”*,” hi sɛd. dɪvinˈʧɛnzi ˈkrɛdɪts ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtərz fər ˈsælvɪʤɪŋ hɪz kəˈlɛkʃən əv spɔrts ˌmɛmərəˈbiljə ðət əˈdɔrnd ðə wɔlz əv ˈdəbəl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ saɪnd ˈʤərziz ənd ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs. səm əv hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl ˈfeɪvərɪts ˌɪnˈklud ˈaɪtəmz frəm ʤoʊ ˈθɔrntən, ˈstivən ˈkəri ənd ˈmaɪkəl ˈʤɔrdən. ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtərz wər ˈɔsəm, ə gʊd ʤɑb baɪ ðiz guys,”*,” sɛd dɪvinˈʧɛnzi, hu həz oʊnd ənd ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt wɪθ hɪz ˈbrəðər, din, fər ˈɔlˌmoʊst 20 jɪrz. ˈnəθɪŋ ˈsupər ˈvæljəbəl, bət ˈvæljəbəl tɪ me.”*.” ðə bleɪz, ˌriˈpɔrtəd æt p.m*., wɑz kənˈteɪnd tɪ ðə ˈætɪk ənd hæd ˈprɑbəˌbli bərnd fər səm taɪm ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ dɪˈtɛktɪd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsænə ˈklɛrə ˈkaʊnti faɪər dɪˈpɑrtmənt. ɪkˈstɪŋgwɪʃɪŋ ðə bleɪz pruvd tɪ bi ˈdɪfəkəlt ɛz ˈfaɪərˌfaɪtərz ɪnˈkaʊnərd θri rufs waɪl əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ kət hoʊlz ɔn tɔp əv ðə ˈstrəkʧər ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ lɛt hɑt ˈgæsɪz aʊt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə faɪər dɪˈpɑrtmənt əˈfɪʃəl. ðə kɔz əv ðə faɪər, wɪʧ wɑz ˈəndər kənˈtroʊl æt a.m*., wɑz ðə ˌɪmˈprɑpər ˈstɔrɪʤ əv ˈklinɪŋ səˈplaɪz, ˈpeɪpər taʊəlz ənd ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ɪkˈwɪpmənt ɪn ə ˈwɔtər ˈhitər kloʊz, faɪər əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd. ˈdærɪn dɪvinˈʧɛnzi rɪˈsivd ə kɔl əraʊnd ˈmɪdˌnaɪt ənd rəʃt daʊn tɪ ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt, ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɔn ˈsænə kruz ˈævəˌnu. wəns hi əraɪvd, dɪvinˈʧɛnzi stʊd ənd wɔʧt ɛz fleɪmz ʃɑt θru ðə rʊf. ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz kwaɪt sɛt ɪn læst naɪt bɪˈkəz wi wər ɪn səʧ shock,”*,” dɪvinˈʧɛnzi. noʊ wət tɪ ˈivɪn du ər wət tɪ think.”*.” braɪən, hu oʊnz ə gæs ˈsteɪʃən əˈkrɔs ðə strit, kaʊnts hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz wən əv ˈdəbəl ˈmɛni ˈrɛgjələr ˈkəstəmərz. hi sɛd ðə ˈkloʊʒər əv ˈdəbəl, fər ˌhaʊˈɛvər lɔŋ, wɪl bi ə lɔs fər ðə lɔs ˈgɑˌtoʊs kəmˈjunɪti. shame,”*,” sɛd. gaɪz hæv bɪn hir fər ə lɔŋ taɪm. ðeɪ du ə fænˈtæstɪk ʤɑb ənd ər ˈrɪli səˈpɔrtɪv əv ðə community.”*.” dɪvinˈʧɛnzi ləˈmɛnts ðə ˈtaɪmɪŋ əv ðə bleɪz, kənˈsɪdərɪŋ boʊθ ðə ʃɑrks ənd ˈwɔrjərz ər ɪn ðə mɪst əv pleɪɔf rənz. bɪg ˈwɔrjərz fænz ənd ʃɑrks fans,”*,” hi sɛd. ə bɪg taɪm fər ˈjuˈɛs, ə fən taɪm əv jɪr. ðɪs ɪz waɪ wi du this.”*.” ˈkɑnˌtækt mɑrk ˈgoʊmɛz æt ənd ˈfɑloʊ ɪm æt twitter.com/markmgomez*.
|
every year, baseball america releases two prospect rankings. the first, during the off season, ranks the prospects in the game. this is the bigger one towards which everyone pays the closest attention. this is the one that shows up when you look at players' minor league stats on baseball-reference.
they also release a second list, a smaller one of the top 50 prospects in baseball. this one gets released at midseason, and not as much clamor surrounds it. it's the same thing, just cut in half and released at a different time. it's an updated version of list.
back in the off season, the brewers barely managed to crack the top 100 as jimmy nelson ranked 96th. however, nelson has been so good this year that he is now the best prospect in all of baseball, according to baseball america. the site gives only a small snippet on each player, with this to say about nelson:
"there are few healthy pitchers in the upper minors with stuff and results this year, and nelson leads the way."
it's certainly for the right-hander, who has been absolutely stellar for the nashville sounds. this year, he has a era and whip to go along with a and over 104 innings in triple-a.
he's also made one start for the brewers this season, pitching shutout innings against the marlins on may 25 when gallardo was forced to miss a start. nelson gave up five hits and three walks while striking out six batters.
there's certainly a case to be made that nelson deserves more big league starts this year. he has nothing left to prove in nashville at this point and, at 25 years old, he's certainly not in need of more seasoning. meanwhile, marco estrada has proved to be a detriment more than a benefit so far this season as his home run woes have reached new levels of horrendous. with rumors that milwaukee may be scouting david price and jake peavy, the team could be looking at replacing their fifth starter. with trades being expensive options, it may just be time for nelson to get the call.
with nelson on the rise in prospect lists, a june that has consistently ranked among the best, and some on the international market, the brewers are suddenly in a position where their farm system doesn't look so laughable. big talent is still lacking at the upper levels of the minors outside of nelson, but there is now a ton of potential in the lower rungs.
things are looking up and the brewers might well have a bright future ahead of them.
|
ˈɛvəri jɪr, ˈbeɪsˈbɔl əˈmɛrɪkə rɪˈlisɪz tu ˈprɑspɛkt ˈræŋkɪŋz. ðə fərst, ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ɔf ˈsizən, ræŋks ðə ˈprɑspɛkts ɪn ðə geɪm. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈbɪgər wən təˈwɔrdz wɪʧ ˈɛvriˌwən peɪz ðə ˈkloʊsəst əˈtɛnʃən. ðɪs ɪz ðə wən ðət ʃoʊz əp wɪn ju lʊk æt pleɪərz' ˈmaɪnər lig stæts ɔn baseball-reference*. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ riˈlis ə ˈsɛkənd lɪst, ə sˈmɔlər wən əv ðə tɔp 50 ˈprɑspɛkts ɪn ˈbeɪsˈbɔl. ðɪs wən gɪts riˈlist æt ˈmɪdˈsizən, ənd nɑt ɛz məʧ ˈklæmər səraʊndz ɪt. ɪts ðə seɪm θɪŋ, ʤɪst kət ɪn hæf ənd riˈlist æt ə ˈdɪfərənt taɪm. ɪts ən ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ˈvərʒən əv lɪst. bæk ɪn ðə ɔf ˈsizən, ðə bruərz ˈbɛrli ˈmænɪʤd tɪ kræk ðə tɔp 100 ɛz ˈʤɪmi ˈnɛlsən ræŋkt 96th*. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈnɛlsən həz bɪn soʊ gʊd ðɪs jɪr ðət hi ɪz naʊ ðə bɛst ˈprɑspɛkt ɪn ɔl əv ˈbeɪsˈbɔl, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈbeɪsˈbɔl əˈmɛrɪkə. ðə saɪt gɪvz ˈoʊnli ə smɔl sˈnɪpət ɔn iʧ pleɪər, wɪθ ðɪs tɪ seɪ əˈbaʊt ˈnɛlsən: "ðɛr ər fju ˈhɛlθi ˈpɪʧərz ɪn ðə ˈəpər ˈmaɪnərz wɪθ stəf ənd rɪˈzəlts ðɪs jɪr, ənd ˈnɛlsən lidz ðə weɪ." ɪts ˈsərtənli fər ðə right-hander*, hu həz bɪn ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈstɛlər fər ðə ˈnæʃvɪl saʊnz. ðɪs jɪr, hi həz ə ˈɪrə ənd wɪp tɪ goʊ əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə ənd ˈoʊvər 104 ˈɪnɪŋz ɪn triple-a*. hiz ˈɔlsoʊ meɪd wən stɑrt fər ðə bruərz ðɪs ˈsizən, ˈpɪʧɪŋ ˈʃəˌtaʊt ˈɪnɪŋz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈmɑrlənz ɔn meɪ 25 wɪn gɑˈlɑrdoʊ wɑz fɔrst tɪ mɪs ə stɑrt. ˈnɛlsən geɪv əp faɪv hɪts ənd θri wɔks waɪl ˈstraɪkɪŋ aʊt sɪks ˈbætərz. ðɛrz ˈsərtənli ə keɪs tɪ bi meɪd ðət ˈnɛlsən dɪˈzərvz mɔr bɪg lig stɑrts ðɪs jɪr. hi həz ˈnəθɪŋ lɛft tɪ pruv ɪn ˈnæʃvɪl æt ðɪs pɔɪnt ənd, æt 25 jɪrz oʊld, hiz ˈsərtənli nɑt ɪn nid əv mɔr ˈsizənɪŋ. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈmɑrkoʊ ɛˈstrɑdə həz pruvd tɪ bi ə ˈdɛtrəmənt mɔr ðən ə ˈbɛnəfɪt soʊ fɑr ðɪs ˈsizən ɛz hɪz hoʊm rən woʊz hæv riʧt nu ˈlɛvəlz əv ˌhɔˈrɛndəs. wɪθ ˈrumərz ðət mɪlˈwɔki meɪ bi ˈskaʊtɪŋ ˈdeɪvɪd praɪs ənd ʤeɪk ˈpivi, ðə tim kʊd bi ˈlʊkɪŋ æt rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ ðɛr fɪθ ˈstɑrtər. wɪθ treɪdz biɪŋ ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈɔpʃənz, ɪt meɪ ʤɪst bi taɪm fər ˈnɛlsən tɪ gɪt ðə kɔl. wɪθ ˈnɛlsən ɔn ðə raɪz ɪn ˈprɑspɛkt lɪsts, ə ʤun ðət həz kənˈsɪstəntli ræŋkt əˈməŋ ðə bɛst, ənd səm ɔn ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɑrkɪt, ðə bruərz ər ˈsədənli ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən wɛr ðɛr fɑrm ˈsɪstəm ˈdəzənt lʊk soʊ ˈlæfəbəl. bɪg ˈtælənt ɪz stɪl ˈlækɪŋ æt ðə ˈəpər ˈlɛvəlz əv ðə ˈmaɪnərz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈnɛlsən, bət ðɛr ɪz naʊ ə tən əv pəˈtɛnʃəl ɪn ðə loʊər rəŋz. θɪŋz ər ˈlʊkɪŋ əp ənd ðə bruərz maɪt wɛl hæv ə braɪt fˈjuʧər əˈhɛd əv ðɛm.
|
obamacare enrollment triggers drop in the uninsured rate
enlarge this image toggle caption julie julie
the percentage of americans without health insurance dropped by nearly three percentage points between 2013 and 2014, according the u.s. census bureau, from to percent. put another way, million more people were insured in 2014 than the year before.
the annual study from census is considered the definitive measure of health insurance, although a change in the way health insurance questions are asked make this year's report comparable to 2013 but not earlier years.
census officials, however, point out that a different annual survey that has asked health insurance questions consistently show this to be the biggest drop in the uninsured since at least 2008.
others say the sizable increase in americans with insurance due in large part to the implementation of the federal health law is unprecedented since the creation of medicare and medicaid 50 years ago.
"it's probably the biggest drop ever," said paul fronstin, director of health research at the employee benefit research institute, who has been studying the uninsured since 1993.
more importantly, said diane rowland, head of the kaiser family foundation's commission on medicaid and the uninsured, "the gains are exactly where the biggest problems were," meaning the largest increases in coverage were in those groups with traditionally the highest rates of younger, adults and people with low and moderate incomes. (kaiser health news is an editorially independent program of the foundation.)
despite the gains, the census study found that 33 million people are without insurance.
while the gains in insurance coverage were widespread, they weren't equal in every category. not surprisingly, among types of coverage, the biggest increases were in people covered by medicaid (up 2 percentage points to 62 million people) and people buying their own health plans (up percentage points to million people). expanding medicaid and making private insurance easier to purchase by those without employer coverage were key focuses of the health law.
but the largest single source of health insurance remains employers. that number held steady at around 55 percent.
the uninsured rate dropped for every age, income and ethnic group and in every state, although, again, some gained more than others.
those at the lower end of the income scale were more likely to gain insurance than those with more resources. the rate for households earning less than $25,000 per year dropped percentage points. the rate for those with incomes between $25,000 and $50,000 dropped 5 points. the rate for those earning more than $100,000 annually dropped too, but by less than a percentage point.
similarly, the uninsured rate for the white population (the ethnicity most likely to have insurance) dropped by just over 2 percentage points, while the rates for blacks, and hispanics dropped by more than 4 percentage points each.
among states, massachusetts (which began requiring most people to have insurance in 2006) had the lowest rate of people without coverage, at percent, while texas continued to lead the nation with the highest uninsured rate percent.
states that expanded medicaid, however, saw overall gains in insurance not just medicaid that were larger than those that didn't. for example, people with incomes above poverty but less than four times that (most of whom aren't eligible for medicaid) still saw an overall decline in of percentage points in states that expanded medicaid, while states that didn't take that option saw that rate drop by only 4 percentage points.
|
obamacare* ɛnˈroʊlmənt ˈtrɪgərz drɔp ɪn ðə ˌənɪnˈʃʊrd reɪt ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ ðɪs ˈɪmɪʤ ˈtɑgəl ˈkæpʃən ˈʤuli ˈʤuli ðə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv əˈmɛrɪkənz wɪˈθaʊt hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns drɑpt baɪ ˈnɪrli θri pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts bɪtˈwin 2013 ənd 2014 əˈkɔrdɪŋ ðə juz. ˈsɛnsəs ˈbjʊroʊ, frəm tɪ pərˈsɛnt. pʊt əˈnəðər weɪ, ˈmɪljən mɔr ˈpipəl wər ˌɪnˈʃʊrd ɪn 2014 ðən ðə jɪr ˌbiˈfɔr. ðə ˈænjuəl ˈstədi frəm ˈsɛnsəs ɪz kənˈsɪdərd ðə dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv ˈmɛʒər əv hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ə ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ðə weɪ hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns kˈwɛsʧənz ər æst meɪk ðɪs jɪrz rɪˈpɔrt ˈkɑmprəbəl tɪ 2013 bət nɑt ˈərliər jɪrz. ˈsɛnsəs əˈfɪʃəlz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, pɔɪnt aʊt ðət ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈænjuəl ˈsərˌveɪ ðət həz æst hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns kˈwɛsʧənz kənˈsɪstəntli ʃoʊ ðɪs tɪ bi ðə ˈbɪgəst drɔp ɪn ðə ˌənɪnˈʃʊrd sɪns æt list 2008 ˈəðərz seɪ ðə ˈsaɪzəbəl ˌɪnˈkris ɪn əˈmɛrɪkənz wɪθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns du ɪn lɑrʤ pɑrt tɪ ðə ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl hɛlθ lɔ ɪz ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd sɪns ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ˈmɛdəˌkɛr ənd ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd 50 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. "ɪts ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə ˈbɪgəst drɔp ˈɛvər," sɛd pɔl fronstin*, dɪˈrɛktər əv hɛlθ ˈrisərʧ æt ðə ɪmˈplɔɪi ˈbɛnəfɪt ˈrisərʧ ˈɪnstɪˌtut, hu həz bɪn ˈstədiɪŋ ðə ˌənɪnˈʃʊrd sɪns 1993 mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, sɛd daɪæn ˈroʊlənd, hɛd əv ðə ˈkaɪzər ˈfæməli faʊnˈdeɪʃənz kəˈmɪʃən ɔn ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd ənd ðə ˌənɪnˈʃʊrd, "ðə geɪnz ər ɪgˈzæktli wɛr ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈprɑbləmz wər," ˈminɪŋ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ˈkəvərɪʤ wər ɪn ðoʊz grups wɪθ trəˈdɪʃənəli ðə haɪəst reɪts əv ˈjəŋgər, ˈædəlts ənd ˈpipəl wɪθ loʊ ənd ˈmɑdərˌeɪt ˈɪnˌkəmz. (ˈkaɪzər hɛlθ nuz ɪz ən ˌɛdəˈtɔriəli ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈproʊˌgræm əv ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən.) dɪˈspaɪt ðə geɪnz, ðə ˈsɛnsəs ˈstədi faʊnd ðət 33 ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl ər wɪˈθaʊt ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns. waɪl ðə geɪnz ɪn ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈkəvərɪʤ wər ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd, ðeɪ wərənt ˈikwəl ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈkætəˌgɔri. nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋli, əˈməŋ taɪps əv ˈkəvərɪʤ, ðə ˈbɪgəst ˌɪnˈkrisɪz wər ɪn ˈpipəl ˈkəvərd baɪ ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd (əp 2 pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts tɪ 62 ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl) ənd ˈpipəl baɪɪŋ ðɛr oʊn hɛlθ plænz (əp pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts tɪ ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl). ɪkˈspændɪŋ ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈpraɪvət ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈiziər tɪ ˈpərʧəs baɪ ðoʊz wɪˈθaʊt ɪmˈplɔɪər ˈkəvərɪʤ wər ki ˈfoʊkɪsɪz əv ðə hɛlθ lɔ. bət ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈsɪŋgəl sɔrs əv hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns rɪˈmeɪnz ɪmˈplɔɪərz. ðət ˈnəmbər hɛld ˈstɛdi æt əraʊnd 55 pərˈsɛnt. ðə ˌənɪnˈʃʊrd reɪt drɑpt fər ˈɛvəri eɪʤ, ˈɪnˌkəm ənd ˈɛθnɪk grup ənd ɪn ˈɛvəri steɪt, ˌɔlˈðoʊ, əˈgɛn, səm geɪnd mɔr ðən ˈəðərz. ðoʊz æt ðə loʊər ɛnd əv ðə ˈɪnˌkəm skeɪl wər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ geɪn ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ðən ðoʊz wɪθ mɔr ˈrisɔrsɪz. ðə reɪt fər ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz ˈərnɪŋ lɛs ðən pər jɪr drɑpt pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts. ðə reɪt fər ðoʊz wɪθ ˈɪnˌkəmz bɪtˈwin ənd drɑpt 5 pɔɪnts. ðə reɪt fər ðoʊz ˈərnɪŋ mɔr ðən ˈænjuəli drɑpt tu, bət baɪ lɛs ðən ə pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnt. ˈsɪmələrli, ðə ˌənɪnˈʃʊrd reɪt fər ðə waɪt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən (ðə ɛθˈnɪsɪti moʊst ˈlaɪkli tɪ hæv ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns) drɑpt baɪ ʤɪst ˈoʊvər 2 pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts, waɪl ðə reɪts fər blæks, ənd hɪˈspænɪks drɑpt baɪ mɔr ðən 4 pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts iʧ. əˈməŋ steɪts, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts (wɪʧ bɪˈgæn rikˈwaɪərɪŋ moʊst ˈpipəl tɪ hæv ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ɪn 2006 hæd ðə loʊəst reɪt əv ˈpipəl wɪˈθaʊt ˈkəvərɪʤ, æt pərˈsɛnt, waɪl ˈtɛksəs kənˈtɪnjud tɪ lɛd ðə ˈneɪʃən wɪθ ðə haɪəst ˌənɪnˈʃʊrd reɪt pərˈsɛnt. steɪts ðət ɪkˈspændɪd ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, sɔ ˈoʊvərˌɔl geɪnz ɪn ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns nɑt ʤɪst ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd ðət wər ˈlɑrʤər ðən ðoʊz ðət ˈdɪdənt. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈpipəl wɪθ ˈɪnˌkəmz əˈbəv ˈpɑvərti bət lɛs ðən fɔr taɪmz ðət (moʊst əv hum ˈɑrənt ˈɛlɪʤəbəl fər ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd) stɪl sɔ ən ˈoʊvərˌɔl dɪˈklaɪn ɪn əv pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts ɪn steɪts ðət ɪkˈspændɪd ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd, waɪl steɪts ðət ˈdɪdənt teɪk ðət ˈɔpʃən sɔ ðət reɪt drɔp baɪ ˈoʊnli 4 pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts.
|
1. the killing joke one of the best pieces of work that was written on batman, it has since become a classic in the batman reading, along with frank miller's the dark knight returns and strike again. it is the perfect book to show the relationship between the batman and the joker and expands upon the latter character's possible history. it also changed the life of, barbara gordon, who became paralyzed in the events of the book, which led her to don the guise of oracle and become, arguably, the primer computer hacker on earth.
2. a fantastically brutal arc that featured the breaking of the bat
3. hush another mystery story that focuses on detective side. features a lot of batman related characters and it has stunning art by jim lee.
4. a court of owls batman #1-7: decades from now, scott snyder will be remembered as one of the great batman writers. i was going to include “black mirror” but it is already taken so i went ahead and included the equally fantastic “court of owls” which was arguably one of the strongest stories to come out of the new 52s. “court of owls” sees bruce wayne as batman struggle against an unknown entity whose relationship with gotham may predate even batman. everything about this arc is fantastic from the writing to the paneling and the revelations and the covers! i can not wait for “night of owls”.
5. the black mirror detective comics #871-881: it's my belief that snyder is going to go down as one of the greatest batman writers ever and this is the story arc that will define him. snyder's story really reflected typical noir roots, and conjured up one of the most devilish and memorable sociopaths ever introduced to the batman. the tale of the gordon's, and how the deal with the return of james jr. is paramount to the story, and will leave the reader fully with the emotional impact it has. james jr. is a nutter, but damn is he a good one. again, art is superb, and really emphasizes the noir tone.
6. batman: year one perfectly explanatory why this should be among the top one hundred, for it was a reboot of the dark knight following the crisis on infinite earths. new beginnings lead to new interpretations, and its from this issue where we get almost everything we take for granted with the batman of today.
7. the dark knight returns redefined the entire superhero and comics genre along with watchmen
8. batman r.i.p. one of the stories that shows will and foresight after he is pushed to his mental and physical limits. also introduces us to dr. hurt.
9. under the hood the emotionally powerful return of jason todd (alright, just disregard the whole punching dimensions part). todd is back and his fate at the hands of a cruel joker with a crowbar has left him an emotional wreck. he's looking to clean up gotham in his own style, but in the meantime, it never hurts to get a little revenge, right? a must read for anyone even remotely interested in the second robin, jason todd.
10. batman the long halloween takes place during the early days of crime fighting career. it's a good mystery story that shows detective skills and his relationships with harvey dent and gordon.
11. no man's land gotham city has gone through a wave of disease, a hundred days without a batman, police starting gang wars, a new, and complete isolation from the united states. and what does he do? she keeps on going. detailing the lives of people trying to rebuild a somehow worse than ever gotham, no man's land is a massive story with, dozens of wackos, rogue police squads, and even lex luthor. no man's land is the story that really got me into batman. and how couldn't it? it has great characters, great plot, and a very emotional ending, one that even the joker didn't find fun.
12. flashpoint: batman knight of vengeance #1-3: out of the world of flashpoint comes an amazing addition to the world of batman in this alternate reality of batman. while there were dozens of flashpoints, this was the best selling one and after read it, you can understand why. the basic premise that brian azzarello sets up is what if bruce wayne was the one killed and crime alley, leaving his parents to survive? thomas wayne ends up assuming the mantle of batman and other famous rogues also appear making it seem as though in any reality, batman must exist. seeing thomas wayne in action as batman is incredibly thrilling. watching thomas and martha deal with the grief over the death of their beloved son is heartbreaking. seeing the emergence of joker is shocking and reading the final pages literally brought tears to my eyes! this is absolutely one of the best and most interesting batman stories ever told!
13. year one #1-9: once again, a story that introduced me to a character, immediately making me aware of what that character stood for as well as what the writer was trying to get across. a and fun story of a young girl destined for something more. this is a beautiful story and the art is wonderful as well.
14. a death in the family batman #426-429: this story arc completely turned the world of comics on its head. as we all know, though not entirely popular at the time, given the void left behind by dick grayson, the fate of jason todd would be left to the readers in a poll conducted like any other, resulting in the death of the second robin at the hands of arch-nemesis. though only 4 issues long, the fallout caused by a death in the family continued to haunt the batman as his failure.
15. elegy detective comics #854-857: this story introduces us the character in a way we haven't seen her and definitely succeeds to make her one of the main characters in the dc this was a character that has something to do with the but nobody was interested in her and after this she became and an actual big character.
16.: tower of babel #43-46: while tower of babel isn't necessarily a batman story, it is most definitely a story in which the reader can see why a human of flesh and blood such as batman, can stand with his head held high among gods. this is not without its problems, because the reader comprehends in this book that batman can only do what he does in a manner which the other members of the, don't consider ethical.
17. batman incorporated what grant morrison's whole batman run led up to. your enjoyment of this really depends on how you feel about grant. the whole run is a lot of fun, and as always there are some bizarre nods to the more wacky side of history... like bringing back lord death man from the batman manga. it should be on the list purely for it's grand scale, and for being the final chapter (for now) of grant's crazy run.
18. batman: asylum the prisoners of asylum have taken over mental illness detention center on april fool's day and demand batman for the exchange of the prisoners.
19. battle for the cowl in the wake of death, gotham city desperately needs someone new to assume the mantle of batman. while this three issue event penned and illustrated by tony s. daniel features a myriad of guest stars, this story is ultimately about the robins: dick grayson, jason todd, tim drake, and damian wayne. arguably, bruce has had the most profound effect on the young wards he took on and raised to fight crime under the mantle of robin. battle for the cowl is basically the robins duking it out and dealing with their grief and coming to terms with the responsibility they have to continue legacy. arguably, this story leads up to a conclusion everyone saw coming from miles away, but it really about that. this is a story about the lives the batman touched and how gotham city is reeling from the death of batman as those he left behind battle for the right to wear the cowl!
20. batman: dark victory #1-13: loeb and sale follow up the gigantic success to “the long halloween” with this sequel that follows the early days of batman. there is a known as the hangman that is going after finest and batman must race to figure who this villain is. typical of loeb and sale collaborations, many of most famous rogues make an appearance and are all possible suspects. the big reveal at the end will certainly leave you reeling! sale really outdoes himself on the artwork creating several stunning splash pages! dick origin story is also told in the final issues of this story establishing him as robin. loeb and sale do a fantastic job integrating him into the world of batman that they have created. once again, loeb and sale create a masterpiece!
21. batman: year 100 #1-4: this is not the batman you're used to. this is not the robin you're used to. it's not supposed to be. it's a new batman for a new world. with art that is adored by some and hated by others, this story shows a man reminding gotham about her once most famous citizen.
22. heart of hush detective comics #846-850: technically this can be treated as an arc within an arc since it goes hand in hand with events going on in batman: rip but i singled it out as being one of bruce's most trying events. not just because it deals with his conflict with thomas elliot, but because in the end bruce's true revelations toward selina kyle come out at the end with her near death, which i believe was a perfect reaffirmation to what we learned in the batman: hush story arc.
23. #1-4: intricate and intimate details are shared of how the bog two really feel toward each other and how they relate. this is a must and a hell of a fun read for any comic book batman fan.
24. joker this original graphic novel by brian azzarello took a darker look at one of the greatest villains in comics.
25. batman & dracula: red rain since batman was invented, one question remained in people's heads; who would win? batman or dracula? well, after so many years it was answered in batman: red rain, an published in 1991. this comic was written by comic legend doug moench and was drawn by kelley jones. this comic was great since every page was full of great twists, amazing artwork, and a brilliant story. batman: gotham by gaslight may have invented the, but red rain was the first to perfect it.
26. whatever happened to the caped crusader? finally, this story shows what it would be like at the end of the dark knight's career. this is pretty much the last batman story if there ever would be one. what would happen if the story ended? who would go to his funeral? who would mourn him? what would people say about him? it answers a lot of interesting questions you've never realized you wanted to know.
27. rising #1-7: stephanie brown is a refreshing contrast to the normal pathos that drives the defenders of gotham city. yeah, she has her baggage but for the most part she is so enthusiastic about becoming (after already assuming the mantle of spoiler and a robin) that it is hard not get caught up in her great spirit, backtalk, and wonderful inner monologues. stephanie brown routinely makes me laugh out loud as. her relationship with damian is also brilliant. this arc also does well to focus on barbara gordon coming to terms with her role as oracle and her feelings for dick grayson. this arc is a wonderful mix of superhero fun and emotionally complex characters working through their issues.
28. a lonely place of dying the introduction of tim drake is one of the most important occasions in the life of batman. the book ranks amongst the top 100 however not for that reason, i placed it in my top 5 because of the way it questioned and revised the reasoning behind why bruce really needs a robin. some had argued that bruce needed a beacon of hope, or that bruce simply wanted to train the next superhero too take over him, but no, wolfman story concludes by reflecting that robin is essentially to batman because it keeps him cautious, keeps him alive.
29. batman: ego ego is really a physiological trip for the dark knight. it showcases an between bruce wayne and batman regarding who he really is, what his purpose is, what methods he should be using to put an end to crime and his true motivation for doing so.
30. batman: return of bruce wayne batman: return of bruce wayne is hit or miss. some people hate it, others love it, but it is one of the most important stories of the last half decade as it sees the final return of bruce wayne from his perceived "death" at the hands of, one of the most powerful villains in the dc universe. whether people liked the fact the twist of batman walking through time, suffering from amnesia or not, it definitely brings something different to the table.
31. dark knight, dark city batman #452-454: this story i believe to be important and deserving to be in the top 100 due to the fact that it was one of dc comics' first attempts to explain connections between barbatos, bruce wayne, batman, and gotham in general. i see it as an inspiration and prelude to the batman rip story arc.
32. the case of the chemical syndicate detective comics #27: how can the best stories not include the very first one?
33. kingdom come kingdom come shows a batman who has never given up, even in old age and will go to great lengths to protect the city of gotham. bruce wayne (batman) will not let anything stop him. i doubt even the grave could hold him back. the first story arc stays true to who he is and is an excellent story.
34.: freefall #140-146: freefall is arguably the definitive dick grayson story. it really defines dick's plays within the world and highlights what separates the light hearted, and optimistic grayson from his brooding mentor. it's a delight to read, and the interaction between dick and the expanded universe is more that the stellar fights.
35. robin: year one #1-4: i really love this story, the story of the first year of the first robin surely has to be included. some can be put off by the looks of it, but beyond that, this is a great tale showing robin learning his place, bruce learning some responsibility and alfred learning to balance his relationship with bruce and dick. throw in just enough villains getting just enough space within the plot (freeze, hatter, two-face) and it's up there in my top 5.
36. fifty years anniversary detective comics #572: batman has been to as "the world's greatest detective", but he is not the only one who has possessed that title. in celebrating 50 years of detective comics, one of my favorite crossover events to allow sherlock holmes and batman to meet. it is one of my favorite batman stories. it is a pure mystery adventure which draws from detective original roots. there is no magic in this comic (unless you count elongated man's powers) only a story which is wonderful even 26 years later. it has some great twists and turns and a magnificent group of creators. very epic comic!
37. gotham by gaslight it is the very first 'elseworlds' story dc did, and it remains one of the best. mike dark artwork sets the perfect tone for any batman story, and let's face it, how cool is it to see batman fighting jack the ripper? not to mention the completely different reaction from the victorian times to this 'bat-man.
38. dark knight vs. white knight batman & robin #20-22: there is something about dick and damian as batman & robin that really works for me. this story comes from one of their final adventures together before bruce takes up the cowl once more. this story introduces “the white knight”, a complicated villain who attempts to clean up gotham by making it a heaven on earth. the imagery of the story and the rationale help make one of the most memorable stories from the recent “batman & robin” title.
39. batman & son batman #655-658: this arc is of note mostly because of the introduction of damian wayne into the batman canon. grant morrison takes the seed of a plot point introduced years ago in “son of a demon” and creates damian wayne, one of the finest modern additions to the bat family. the story itself also features a army and at her crazy finest!
40. batman black and white #1-4: some of the greatest comic makers got the chance to produce one, short b & w batman-story. the range of stories is as colorful as probably expect from an anthology. there are grim, psychological, action filled, and scary stories in these books. some of them, naturally, as masterful as the others, but even those ones are better in various levels, than what you can find from tec or batman every month. different, and not as restricted by continuity as expect. the talent in these stories comprised of chris claremont, paul dini, bruce timm, joe kubert, dave gibbons, gene colan, marie severin, walter simonson, daniel torres, mike mignola, neil, dwayne mcduffie and dozens of others. this an epic. a tale of ordinary life, and tells about him, and his influence. in this one, he is truly batman.
41. batman: noel nothing if not beautifully drawn. batman: is a cleverly constructed story that adapts the work of charles dickens' 'a christmas carol' to the world of batman. one very appealing aspect of several batman publications is the personal that batman has to overcome in order to feel worthy of the role of protector - a concept explored here with the help of a whole cast of familiar supporting characters from the batman
42. batman: war on crime a simple story that serves to the core concept of the batman character, the big draw here is the incredible art by alex ross, finally presented in a format that truly showcases the man's work. batman has never looked more real, his world more authentic. it's a shame that we can't get a book like this every year.
43. batman: the cult #1-4: once upon a time, before both marvel and dc just made cash grabs by selling mediocre stories in fine dressing, the "prestige" format was reserved for only the best stories, art, and creators. teaming up starlin & wrightson on batman was exactly the kind of project that called out for the "prestige" format. starlin gave us a new adversary for the batman, and wrightson... what can i say? just amazing. passions may lie in the horror genre, but, in my opinion, his is one of the 10 best versions of the batman. seeing him doing the artistic honors on a four part "prestige" format was a helluva treat.
44. catwoman #1-4: sets the stage for run on “catwoman” which i believe to be the finest run of catwoman ever written. immediate plot is a serial killer who is targeting prostitutes. however, “anodyne” also deals with selina coming to terms with catwoman and returning to a life she had long thought abandoned.
45. the first batman detective comics #235: let's be honest, when people think silver age they think very silly comic books that never really stood out as good unless they had some ridiculous gimmick. well, this story was made in the silver age, and sounds like it has a silly gimmick but it is still great. the story is that batman finds an old tape, his father's diary and batman costume and discovers (after watching the tape) that it was worn by bruce's father thomas wayne during a costume party. after finding out that crime boss lew moxon kidnapped father at the costume party, which ultimately amounted to lew ordering a hit on thomas wayne by hiring a certain joe chill, batman decides to open the wayne murder case once again to bring lew moxon to justice. i don't want to ruin the ending, but it is certainly dark compared to most other silver age comic builds on origins greatly (and rightfully so, since it was written by batman bill finger) and is full of great art.
46. final crisis i think final crisis should be on the list since its the "death" of batman. without final crisis you wouldn't have stories like battle for the cowl, the black mirror, pretty much the entire red robin series, batman and robin run.. i could really make a list of how many stories this one effects the let alone just the batman family/universe. i know its a story like the other crisis' but i believe it deserves consideration in light of all the great stories that spun from it.
47. red robin #1-5: the start of brilliant series. this first story arc was great, and showed that now batman was gone, (set after rip), time drake was now the 'world's greatest detective'. he is the only one who believes that bruce isn't dead, and makes it his mission to set out to prove it. for fans of tim, this whole series is a real treat, and the stories that follow couldn't be more recommended.
48. war games i am glad that i was allowed to use all three acts of this story, because it really is one of the biggest and best batman epics out there. gotham is having the worst gang war, with the city literally set on fire. but with [virtually] all the mob bosses in gotham dead or missing, the big players are about to change, along with the rules to the game. but everything that is happening in gotham seems all too familiar to batman, and with such limited help from both his dwindling allies and the police department, gotham may just loose a few heroes.
49. the dark knight strikes again that's right, the dark knight returns. much lambasted as an inferior sequel, let's forget frank miller and the dark knight returns for a moment and think how we might have responded if, out of the blue, this irreverent tale of an arse kicking bats and the mad, crazed, post punk world he lives in fell into our laps out of the blue? what would our response be then? having our minds freaking blown. that's what.
50. batman and robin #1-16 run): let me start by saying that grant morrison is insane and a very good thing! as a side effect of his batman rip saga, dick grayson and damian wayne became the new batman & robin. they have to struggle a bit, but eventually they make a fantastic dynamic duo. run on batman & robin sees the emergence of a grotesque villain professor pyg, the return of jason todd as the red hood as he creates a dynamic duo of his own, a wonderfully horrific to blackest knight, at her crazy best, a terribly violent homage to the classic jason todd crowbar death scene, and the groundwork is laid for understanding the mystery of death. the artwork changes quite a bit, but there is definitely something for everyone! the last page of run on batman & robin sets up one of the biggest events to hit batman ever in the announcing of batman incorporated! love him or hate him, grant run on batman & robin is definitely one of the best story arcs in bat-history!
51. batman: the man who laughs i'm just going to say it, this book is too often compared to the killing joke. it's a shame too, because this book not only has great art and story, but great characters. it wonderfully portrays both bruce's drive and twisted psychology, challenging how insane he truly is.
52. batman and robin #1-7: i'll confess, the first issue left me unimpressed. damian was a brat and we dove yet again into feelings about the tragic loss of his parents at a young age. but then something special happened, the book introduced a villain that would give this story so much more depth. not only was the villain himself worth checking out, but the impact he would have on both damian and batman is worth experiencing. i can't wait to see where this goes after the events of issue 7.
53. batman confidential #1-6 ("rules of engagement"): if you are in to a tech savvy batman then this is for series opener which showcases a war for corporate supremacy in arms manufacture between bruce wayne and lex badass battles.
54. batman: tales of the demon this collection shows the evolution of al and examines his relationship with the dark knight.
55. bruce wayne: fugitive continuing on from 'murderer?', and not being complete without it, this is another great batman epic in the same vein as 'no man's land', 'war games' and 'knighfall' etc... and while it suffers from being fairly long-winded in places and never reaching the highs of some of the other long (or it's prequel, in my opinion), it still deserves to stand alongside them in this list. it's also interesting to see some of the interactions between between batman and other characters during this desperate time for him.
56. bruce wayne: murderer? this story really shook things up for the batman comics, had bruce broken his one golden rule of no killing? it is a great, story which flows at a great pace and is just the right length. it's really interesting to see a who is not in control, doesn't have a plan and who's trusted relationships are crumbling. like a lot of the best best batman tales, it revolves around a mystery, it captivates and keeps you reading. while everything isn't wrapped up here, it also sets the scene for the 'fugitive', where the mystery continues.
57. emperor joker the world is broken, and nobody seems to know what's wrong. it isn't even until halfway through this nine issue story that the joker is revealed as the cause. but we get to see the world shaped in the clown prince of crime's image, and it's as interesting as it is terrifying. in the end, it's also one of the easiest defeats. he is beaten simply by the idea of batman that he can't erase from his head.
58. knight and squire #1-6: i must say i enjoy the idea of a british batman and robin. this had a lot of british humor in it (some of which went over my head) and yet was enjoyable. i liked this series. paul cornell and jimmy broxton gave playful insight into a duo we haven't seen a lot.
59. lovers & madmen batman confidential #7-12: what kind of person becomes a joker? this arc the jokers origin story with a new twist: he is now a violent, depressed nomadic from out of town looking to put a little light back in his life. an arc to remember!
60. the deadly numbers game! and "the "batman nobody knows" batman #250: a rather on the batman, where children exchange their rather imaginative accounts of batman, one more wacky than the last. the idea presented in this comic book from the has branched out to various forms of media, and remains an important issue in the batman universe, exploring how the youths of gotham see him - a topic that is not considered often enough.
61. the jokers revenge! batman #251: in what may be the quintessential joker story, writer denny o'neil and artist neal adams take the joker back to his roots in murderous fashion. after having being depicted as a harmless buffoon due to the comics code authority and self censorship for many years previous, o'neil and adams reinvigorated the character, showing him as a murderous and very real threat to the batman. the relationship between the two protagonists and reaffirming the character as a very real threat, this version of the joker inspires every appearance of the character to this day.
62. broken city batman #620-624: the central focus of this story revolves around the murder of a woman. batman being the great detective he is, embarks on a trail in which he embraces several twists and turns until finally being able to identity the culprit behind the murder. the story is unpredictable and keeps you guessing all the way through, which is exactly what any comic fan wants to have in a comic such as this. characterization for batman is and flawlessly executed. this is classic batman the detective solving strange and bizarre murder cases we all know him to be. the art is by eduardo risso whose style here is very neo-noir. it's not my favorite art i've ever seen, but i think it's absolutely perfect for this comic. it sets the tone of the comic and reflects the dark, gritty feel gotham city is known for. i would recommend this comic to all comic fans who like a good murder story. you can pick this up and jump right into it without having to have read anything else prior to it. this is something that should be in any batman fans collection.
63. the clown at midnight batman #663: a quintessential joker tale on par with the killing joke story is unique in that it is written as a shows jokers new murderous explores the concept of super sanity and ends his relationship with harley quinn.
64. batman adventures: mad love based of the acclaimed batman: the animated series, this special is responsible for harley quinn, who went on the become one of most popular opponents. if nothing else, it should be included for that. aside from that you get some great insight into manipulation techniques and his desperation in having the batman all to himself.
65. mortal clay, love bird batman annual #11: alan moore takes an unflinching look into the mind of one of more obscure foes, iii. preston payne started out as a pretty pathetic character, but his pathos reaches new heights of greatness with this story. on the surface, this is a love story, one between a psychotic murderer and a mannequin. it follows all the usual beats of a relationship gone bad. payne experiences the blush of new love, and the inevitable passion that follows. his monumental insecurities, though, lead to jealousy, murder, truth, pain, loss, and ultimately, the kind of complacency one is resigned to, when clinging to a loveless union. batman shows up for the tragic finale, but even though his appearance is relegated to a few pages, the dark knight has his own character arc to follow. one that sees him play the familiar role of protector, then cast as the rival in the eyes of his deranged foe, and finally, the savior. it's a classic alan moore story, and a nice deep look at a batman rogue that, sadly, rarely gets the attention he deserves.
66. devil's riddle #1-2: a great company crossover featuring matt wagner's indie comic great, grendel, in an intellectual chess match with the batman. grendel makes for an awesome adversary for batman. throw in some strong dialogue, stylish artwork, and well defined characters, and you've got one of the finest batman "team-up" books ever crafted.
67. batman: birth of the demon this collection provides a look at batman and's relationship, attempts at fathering a heir, and an in depth look into the motivations of the man known the world over as the demon head
68. batman: cataclysm cataclysm is an event that shook the foundations of the stat quo, and it culminated in what is the event known as the "breaking of the bat", in which bane ends up breaking back, forcing the latter to somewhat retire and valley, to become the new batman.
69. batman: gates of gotham #1-5: this story is a perfect jumping on point for snyder's run on batman and is perfect for giving little tidbits about history that even as fans we were not aware of. plus, it was a wonderful prelude to what bruce now faces with the court of owls in the current batman books. highly recommended to be an all time top 100 i say!
70. batman: in darkest knight this is an title that gives a whole new spin on the batman origin story, albeit an original one with bruce receiving green lantern ring instead of hal jordan. i believe it is an excellent addition to the top 100 as a "what if" to all those who would wonder what kind of superhero batman would be had he become a green lantern.
71. batman: nine lives one of the most effective ever written, this tale features a detective named dick grayson on the beat trying to figure out who killed local kit kat club proprietress, selina kyle. this story manages to play on while creating something wholly new. the noir tone is perfectly captured and the artwork is stunningly appropriate. many staple make an appearance in one way or another in this story that makes me extremely glad that the imprint existed for a time.
72. batman: sword of #1-4: in this series, we are first introduced to valley. this would be the of a rocky path which would lead to the breaking of the bat and becoming the newest dark knight.
73. catwoman: big score i never understood character until i read this. it was very sleek, noirish, and completely fitting to the modern interpretation of selena kyle's character, providing a wonderful look into her mind as well as a heist story as well.
74. catwoman: when in rome #1-6: i must say i haven't read that many catwoman books, but i really enjoyed catwoman: when in rome. it has wonderful art and the story is very enjoyable. it finds selina kyle entangled in an adventure involving the falcone crime family, the riddler, a blond, the cheetah, joker venom and so much more! there are a lot of amusing moments in this series. even being a riddler fan i love it when selina kicks him off a boat into the harbor. nice adventure.
75. collision i love both the red robin and rising series. i included this to give a nod to both of them as it includes a mini-crossover. above everything else - these stories are fun. they stand up as two of the best orientated runs, and so deserve a place up there. everyone should read the whole red robin series and brian q miller's.
76. the laughing fish! detective comics #475: a classic story which helped to cement title as #1 rogue. it was also adapted for batman: the animated series
77. hush beyond batman beyond #1-6: the first animated series i ever saw was batman beyond and the first graphic novel i ever read was hush. i love both stories, so the combination of both concepts is very fun. although it does have its faults (for ex: art work), it is a nice way to start an introduction to the beyond universe.
78. joker: last laugh the basic concept is this: the joker, thinking he is going to die, wreaks havoc across the dc universe. i just love the idea of a dc universe. its just so fun!
79. following the events of and knightquest, bruce wayne considers retiring the batman persona - but changes his mind once he sees the chaos caused by the batman, valley. this story arc is particularly important as bruce down the path to once again earn the cape and cowl, but under the guidance of lady shiva. the scenes where batman finally regains the mind of the bat, and when valley releases the mantle of the bat are two very powerful scenes that have stayed in the minds of many bat-fans, including this one.
80. legends the world has turned it's back on all superhero's. has implemented his most insidious plan ever by turning the people the superheroes protect against the superheroes themselves. the arc is great but one thing that stuck me about this was batman and robin. robin gets beaten to a pulp and hospitalized and later gets himself a shotgun. there is something about robin walking around with a shotgun that just seems wrong. this is the story arc that leads to my favorite justice league with batman in command to guy gardner's dismay.
81.: year one #101-106:, the first robin, has always been somewhat at odds with his mentor after leaving him to become his own man. year one goes back to his origins and allows the reader to understand what the essence of is and his relationships with other members of his "family".
82. red hood: lost days #1-6: i saw that “under the hood” was already taken so i wanted to include another fantastic story featuring jason todd which fills in what exactly happened to him in the time between coming back to life and assuming the mantle of red hood. no one writes jason todd quite like judd winick. jason second life is one of the greatest modern additions to the batman storylines. this particular story really establishes the tenuous mental state of jason todd with some nice in the end setting the stage for batman hush.
83. the resurrection of al this is an awesome, touching, crazy, kick-ass, emotional story about fathers and their children. alfred, bruce and dick and tim and damian, of course, but also about al,, and a surprise addition at the end of the story. the heart of the story deals with the robins who duke it out and learn to work together. those boys have so much emotional baggage that it makes for a powerful story. throw in the league of assassins, hired hitmen, and al's quest for a younger vessel for his consciousness and you've got yourself one crazy ride. on top of all that, there is rumored implications for the effects of this story to be seen in upcoming batman inc. storyline!
84. riddle me that batman: legends of the dark knight #185-189: my favorite riddler story and honestly coming from me that means a story gives you everything a riddler tale should mastermind who is not afraid to get dirty and the best part riddler actually won and made a fool out of only there were more quality riddler stories like this.
85. secret origins special there are a lot of great origin stories for rogues. this is not the first series of its kind to provide a window into how they became the crazies they are today nor will it be the last. however, it is one of my favorite collections. written by neil and alan grant, among others, this story examines penguin's, and origins stories. i really like this because it is fun while still being realistic. when is a door?
86. #1-3: one of the finest productions ever written! this features barbara gordon in the spotlight as a wealthy heiress and the stubborn, rebellious daughter of jim gordon. set in the turbulent after the election of jfk, barbara gordon becomes a vengeance seeking vigilante after the death of her mother (sound familiar?). she is joined by her boyfriend, a circus acrobat, who fights by her side (you may recognize him too)! to reveal anymore of the plot would be too spoil the surprise of an production but there are many twists and turns as and robin are thrust into the spotlight with beautiful lush artwork by dan brereton!
87. who knows what evil? batman #253: this is a simple "batman busts counterfeit ring" story. or it would be, if not for the inclusion of the shadow. it's no secret that the creators of batman were influenced by the pulp adventures in crafting stories. in the 1970's, dc had the publishing rights to the shadow. it just made sense for the influence to meet the influenced. the shadow mysteriously keeps to the background for most of the issue, as one would expect, but at the very end, the two icons share a little face time. the shadow clearly passes on the torch to batman, taking pride in the accomplishments of the hero he helped to inspire. the two would meet again a few months later, but that story sucked ass.
88. last batman story! batman #300: david v. reed takes the golden age batman & robin on a career capping adventure, one that finds the original dynamic duo pitted against the syndicate to end all syndicates, spectrum. it's an adventure that carries our heroes from the gotham city of the future, all the way across the country, with a detour into outer space. along the way we get tantalizing hints to the eventual fates of classic rogues like joker and two-face, as well as the particularly intriguing disappearance of the riddler, his final puzzle unsolved. the finale finds bruce wayne contemplating giving up the mantle of the batman. he's done all one man can do, and lived to see gotham city change in ways he never could have dreamed. a political future looms before him, and the possibility of marriage to the woman he loves. reed leaves the ending ambiguous, with wayne on the brink of a decision about his future, while reflecting on his past.
89. batman in bethlehem batman #666: set 15 years in the future, bruce wayne is dead, dick grayson is gone, and alfred is a cat leaving damian wayne to assume the mantle of batman all by himself. this futuristic romp is bleak and violent as we see one possibility of the batman that damian would become only a few issues after meeting him for the first time. he is at odds with the current commissioner barbara gordon who hates him because she believes he killed a good friend. armageddon is about to fall upon gotham at the hands of the last remaining member of “three ghosts of batman” who claims satan himself as his father. damian is not his father and admittedly he is not as good as dick grayson either, but damian is and so he staves off armageddon from coming to gotham in the bloody violent manner you would expect from a child raised and trained both by the league of assassins and the batman.
90. batman: harley and ivy #1-3: yeah, i know it is not as dark as many of the other choices on the list and i really wanted to have the kingdom come choice instead but i could not resist this gem. it is not a solid batman story but this is a list of the best stories in the batman universe and i love the refreshing comedy that is brought out in the dynamic of harley and ivy. they are great characters together. somehow when cat woman is brought in the mix it is not as good but this is a wonderful three issue series and i believe it is a great selection for this batman universe list.
91. batman: asylum batman is a brilliant character, dark, but honourable, the best gotham has too combat the darkness that it. however, in many ways, it's his gallery that is the most compelling part of his. asylum is great because it provides 5 short little looks into the lives and minds of most adversaries. in particular i value it highly for it's expansion of ivy, and how it matures her origins and purpose within live to something more deadly, on par with the likes of two face, joker and the penguin.
92. crisis on infinite earths crisis on infinite earths was an important storyline for all characters involved, but with the death of the golden age robin and the huntress, it left an indelible mark on the and lovers of these characters. it highlighted some beautiful character moments between and and showed the humanity of batman, relegated to basic crowd control when faced with such a seemingly overwhelming cosmic foe. crisis is very much a story that left its mark on every member of the bat-universe, past, present and future.
93. face the face if you ask a comics fan who harvey dent is, chances are that they'll say two face. that's not the case in this story. harvey dent has not only been repaired both physically and mentally, but was also protector when batman and robin are away. when batman returns to gotham and doesn't show harvey the thanks that he thinks he deserves, he may just go over the edge. with a thrilling mystery, emotional trails for bruce, harvey, and tim, and some very important changes to the batman, this story is a must read to all batman fans.
94. fool's errand robin #85: it is from the batman dies crossover which mostly went otherwise unnoticed by batman fans. it was mostly a pretty weak stunt, but in issue #85 of robin the joker looks back on his life and figures that there must be multiple robins and if there are multiple robins that there must be multiple. its an interesting look inside the mind of the killer as he wonders about just how many times he has killed batman
95. earthly delights, scenes from a work in progress batman & robin #26: i scarcely know where to begin with this one. its a tale that shaped the possible future for in the dc universe. it gave him a joker who avoids being a cheap imitation by being self aware of his identity as a cheap imitation. david hine took some of the core ideas of batman, and rewrote them into a whole new world. in france. asylum is, in my opinion, outdone by le jardin noir. certainly a breakout at is very very very bad, and certainly the place itself is essentially a well of psychosis; but the breakout of simply four inmates from le jardin noir causes the entire scope of reality in paris to be so far fractured, that within two days, the entire city was declared a disaster area. it was chock full of dada symbolism, and created oodles of potential for the so called 'batman of france.'
96. midnight train batman chronicles #1: although most of this issue is pretty ordinary, there is a backup tale of commissioner gordon trying to make it home on the subway before it is hijacked by gun wielding thugs. the inclusion of the huntress in gordons' quest to reclaim the train brings up memories in jim of what happened to barbara, when the joker paralyzed her. a simple, beautifully written and illustrated tale that gets to the heart and the humanity of real protector, james worthington gordon.
97. batman: son of the demon the story shows us relationship with al and.
98. the anniversary celebration detective comics #500 ("to kill a legend"): this one's really interesting. batman having the opportunity to stop his parents' murder is very intriguing and plays out pretty emotionally and realistically. also, it further goes to show just how destined bruce was to become batman, no matter what. this is what he was meant to do and what gotham needs him to do.
99. half a life gotham central #6 10: the first introduction of renee montoya and allen into the series and also the first arc of gregs'. this was before montoya became the question and allen became the spectre and we see greg leave his mark on both characters. the throughout this series on all characters is brilliant, but half a life shows off the crackling dialogue to its best and highlights montoya in the reveal of her lesbianism, which had been kept a secret up until this point. this arc showed a new maturity to the bat universe and expanded the bat universe into deep and dark corners more befitting a hbo show than a comic book.
|
1 ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ ʤoʊk wən əv ðə bɛst ˈpisɪz əv wərk ðət wɑz ˈrɪtən ɔn ˈbætˌmæn, ɪt həz sɪns bɪˈkəm ə ˈklæsɪk ɪn ðə ˈbætˌmæn ˈrɛdɪŋ, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ fræŋk ˈmɪlərz ðə dɑrk naɪt rɪˈtərnz ənd straɪk əˈgɛn. ɪt ɪz ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt bʊk tɪ ʃoʊ ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ðə ˈbætˌmæn ənd ðə ˈʤoʊkər ənd ɪkˈspændz əˈpɑn ðə ˈlætər ˈkɛrɪktərz ˈpɑsəbəl ˈhɪstəri. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ʧeɪnʤd ðə laɪf əv, ˈbɑrbərə ˈgɔrdən, hu bɪˈkeɪm ˈpɛrəˌlaɪzd ɪn ðə ɪˈvɛnts əv ðə bʊk, wɪʧ lɛd hər tɪ dɑn ðə gaɪz əv ˈɔrəkəl ənd bɪˈkəm, ˈɑrgjuəbli, ðə ˈpraɪmər kəmˈpjutər ˈhækər ɔn ərθ. 2 ə fænˈtæstɪkli ˈbrutəl ɑrk ðət ˈfiʧərd ðə ˈbreɪkɪŋ əv ðə bæt 3 həʃ əˈnəðər ˈmɪstəri ˈstɔri ðət ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn dɪˈtɛktɪv saɪd. ˈfiʧərz ə lɔt əv ˈbætˌmæn rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈkɛrɪktərz ənd ɪt həz ˈstənɪŋ ɑrt baɪ ʤɪm li. 4 ə kɔrt əv aʊlz ˈbætˌmæn ˈdɛkeɪdz frəm naʊ, skɑt sˈnaɪdər wɪl bi rɪˈmɛmbərd ɛz wən əv ðə greɪt ˈbætˌmæn ˈraɪtərz. aɪ wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈklud mirror”*” bət ɪt ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈteɪkən soʊ aɪ wɛnt əˈhɛd ənd ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə ˈikwəli fænˈtæstɪk əv owls”*” wɪʧ wɑz ˈɑrgjuəbli wən əv ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˈstɔriz tɪ kəm aʊt əv ðə nu 52s*. əv owls”*” siz brus weɪn ɛz ˈbætˌmæn ˈstrəgəl əˈgɛnst ən ənˈnoʊn ˈɛntɪti huz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈgɑθəm meɪ ˈpriˈdeɪt ˈivɪn ˈbætˌmæn. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs ɑrk ɪz fænˈtæstɪk frəm ðə ˈraɪtɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈpænəlɪŋ ənd ðə ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz ənd ðə ˈkəvərz! aɪ kən nɑt weɪt fər əv owls”*”. 5 ðə blæk ˈmɪrər dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈkɑmɪks ɪts maɪ bɪˈlif ðət sˈnaɪdər ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ goʊ daʊn ɛz wən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈbætˌmæn ˈraɪtərz ˈɛvər ənd ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈstɔri ɑrk ðət wɪl dɪˈfaɪn ɪm. sˈnaɪdərz ˈstɔri ˈrɪli rɪˈflɛktɪd ˈtɪpɪkəl nɔɪr ruts, ənd ˈkɑnʤərd əp wən əv ðə moʊst ˈdɛvlɪʃ ənd ˈmɛmərəbəl ˈsoʊsioʊˌpæðz ˈɛvər ˌɪntrəˈdust tɪ ðə ˈbætˌmæn. ðə teɪl əv ðə ˈgɔrdənz, ənd haʊ ðə dil wɪθ ðə rɪˈtərn əv ʤeɪmz jr*. ɪz ˈpɛrəˌmaʊnt tɪ ðə ˈstɔri, ənd wɪl liv ðə ˈridər ˈfʊli wɪθ ðə ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˌɪmˈpækt ɪt həz. ʤeɪmz jr*. ɪz ə ˈnətər, bət dæm ɪz hi ə gʊd wən. əˈgɛn, ɑrt ɪz sʊˈpərb, ənd ˈrɪli ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪz ðə nɔɪr toʊn. 6 ˈbætˌmæn: jɪr wən ˈpərfəktli ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri waɪ ðɪs ʃʊd bi əˈməŋ ðə tɔp wən ˈhənərd, fər ɪt wɑz ə riˈbut əv ðə dɑrk naɪt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈkraɪsəs ɔn ˈɪnfənət ərθs. nu bɪˈgɪnɪŋz lɛd tɪ nu ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃənz, ənd ɪts frəm ðɪs ˈɪʃu wɛr wi gɪt ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ wi teɪk fər ˈgrænɪd wɪθ ðə ˈbætˌmæn əv təˈdeɪ. 7 ðə dɑrk naɪt rɪˈtərnz ridɪˈfaɪnd ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˌsupərˈhiroʊ ənd ˈkɑmɪks ˈʒɑnrə əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈwɑʧmɛn 8 ˈbætˌmæn r.i.p*. wən əv ðə ˈstɔriz ðət ʃoʊz wɪl ənd ˈfɔrˌsaɪt ˈæftər hi ɪz pʊʃt tɪ hɪz ˈmɛntəl ənd ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈlɪmɪts. ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪntrəˈdusɪz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈdɑktər. hərt. 9 ˈəndər ðə hʊd ðə ˈiˌmoʊʃnəli ˈpaʊərfəl rɪˈtərn əv ˈʤeɪsən tɑd (ˌɔˈlraɪt, ʤɪst ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑrd ðə hoʊl ˈpənʧɪŋ dɪˈmɛnʃənz pɑrt). tɑd ɪz bæk ənd hɪz feɪt æt ðə hænz əv ə kruəl ˈʤoʊkər wɪθ ə ˈkroʊˌbɑr həz lɛft ɪm ən ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl rɛk. hiz ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ klin əp ˈgɑθəm ɪn hɪz oʊn staɪl, bət ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, ɪt ˈnɛvər hərts tɪ gɪt ə ˈlɪtəl riˈvɛnʤ, raɪt? ə məst rɛd fər ˈɛniˌwən ˈivɪn riˈmoʊtli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈrɑbɪn, ˈʤeɪsən tɑd. 10 ˈbætˌmæn ðə lɔŋ ˌhæləˈwin teɪks pleɪs ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈərli deɪz əv kraɪm ˈfaɪtɪŋ kərɪr. ɪts ə gʊd ˈmɪstəri ˈstɔri ðət ʃoʊz dɪˈtɛktɪv skɪlz ənd hɪz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ˈhɑrvi dɛnt ənd ˈgɔrdən. 11 noʊ mænz lænd ˈgɑθəm ˈsɪti həz gɔn θru ə weɪv əv dɪˈziz, ə ˈhənərd deɪz wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈbætˌmæn, pəˈlis ˈstɑrtɪŋ gæŋ wɔrz, ə nu, ənd kəmˈplit ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən frəm ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ənd wət dɪz hi du? ʃi kips ɔn goʊɪŋ. dɪˈteɪlɪŋ ðə lɪvz əv ˈpipəl traɪɪŋ tɪ riˈbɪld ə ˈsəmˌhaʊ wərs ðən ˈɛvər ˈgɑθəm, noʊ mænz lænd ɪz ə ˈmæsɪv ˈstɔri wɪθ, ˈdəzənz əv ˈwækoʊz, roʊg pəˈlis skwɑdz, ənd ˈivɪn lɛks luthor*. noʊ mænz lænd ɪz ðə ˈstɔri ðət ˈrɪli gɑt mi ˈɪntu ˈbætˌmæn. ənd haʊ ˈkʊdənt ɪt? ɪt həz greɪt ˈkɛrɪktərz, greɪt plɑt, ənd ə ˈvɛri ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈɛndɪŋ, wən ðət ˈivɪn ðə ˈʤoʊkər ˈdɪdənt faɪnd fən. 12 ˈflæʃˌpɔɪnt: ˈbætˌmæn naɪt əv ˈvɛnʤəns aʊt əv ðə wərld əv ˈflæʃˌpɔɪnt kəmz ən əˈmeɪzɪŋ əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə wərld əv ˈbætˌmæn ɪn ðɪs ˈɔltərˌneɪt ˌriˈæləˌti əv ˈbætˌmæn. waɪl ðɛr wər ˈdəzənz əv ˈflæʃˌpɔɪnt tie-ins*, ðɪs wɑz ðə bɛst ˈsɛlɪŋ wən ənd ˈæftər rɛd ɪt, ju kən ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ. ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈprɛmɪs ðət braɪən ɑtsɑˈrɛloʊ sɛts əp ɪz wət ɪf brus weɪn wɑz ðə wən kɪld ənd kraɪm ˈæli, ˈlivɪŋ hɪz ˈpɛrənts tɪ sərˈvaɪv? ˈtɑməs weɪn ɛndz əp əˈsumɪŋ ðə ˈmæntəl əv ˈbætˌmæn ənd ˈəðər ˈfeɪməs roʊgz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈpɪr ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt sim ɛz ðoʊ ɪn ˈɛni ˌriˈæləˌti, ˈbætˌmæn məst ɪgˈzɪst. siɪŋ ˈtɑməs weɪn ɪn ˈækʃən ɛz ˈbætˌmæn ɪz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli θˈrɪlɪŋ. ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˈtɑməs ənd ˈmɑrθə dil wɪθ ðə grif ˈoʊvər ðə dɛθ əv ðɛr bɪˈləvəd sən ɪz ˈhɑrtˌbreɪkɪŋ. siɪŋ ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ˈʤoʊkər ɪz ˈʃɑkɪŋ ənd ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈpeɪʤɪz ˈlɪtərəli brɔt tɪrz tɪ maɪ aɪz! ðɪs ɪz ˌæbsəˈlutli wən əv ðə bɛst ənd moʊst ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈbætˌmæn ˈstɔriz ˈɛvər toʊld! 13 jɪr wən wəns əˈgɛn, ə ˈstɔri ðət ˌɪntrəˈdust mi tɪ ə ˈkɛrɪktər, ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈmeɪkɪŋ mi əˈwɛr əv wət ðət ˈkɛrɪktər stʊd fər ɛz wɛl ɛz wət ðə ˈraɪtər wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt əˈkrɔs. ə ənd fən ˈstɔri əv ə jəŋ gərl ˈdɛstɪnd fər ˈsəmθɪŋ mɔr. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈbjutəfəl ˈstɔri ənd ðə ɑrt ɪz ˈwəndərfəl ɛz wɛl. 14 ə dɛθ ɪn ðə ˈfæməli ˈbætˌmæn ðɪs ˈstɔri ɑrk kəmˈplitli tərnd ðə wərld əv ˈkɑmɪks ɔn ɪts hɛd. ɛz wi ɔl noʊ, ðoʊ nɑt ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈpɑpjələr æt ðə taɪm, ˈgɪvɪn ðə vɔɪd lɛft bɪˈhaɪnd baɪ dɪk ˈgreɪsən, ðə feɪt əv ˈʤeɪsən tɑd wʊd bi lɛft tɪ ðə ˈridərz ɪn ə poʊl kənˈdəktəd laɪk ˈɛni ˈəðər, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ðə dɛθ əv ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈrɑbɪn æt ðə hænz əv arch-nemesis*. ðoʊ ˈoʊnli 4 ˈɪʃuz lɔŋ, ðə ˈfɔˌlaʊt kɔzd baɪ ə dɛθ ɪn ðə ˈfæməli kənˈtɪnjud tɪ hɔnt ðə ˈbætˌmæn ɛz hɪz ˈfeɪljər. 15 ˈɛləˌʤi dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈkɑmɪks ðɪs ˈstɔri ˌɪntrəˈdusɪz ˈjuˈɛs ðə ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn ə weɪ wi ˈhævənt sin hər ənd ˈdɛfənətli səkˈsidz tɪ meɪk hər wən əv ðə meɪn ˈkɛrɪktərz ɪn ðə ˌdiˈsi ðɪs wɑz ə ˈkɛrɪktər ðət həz ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ðə bət ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi wɑz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn hər ənd ˈæftər ðɪs ʃi bɪˈkeɪm ənd ən ˈækʧəwəl bɪg ˈkɛrɪktər. 16: taʊər əv ˈbæbəl waɪl taʊər əv ˈbæbəl ˈɪzənt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ə ˈbætˌmæn ˈstɔri, ɪt ɪz moʊst ˈdɛfənətli ə ˈstɔri ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈridər kən si waɪ ə ˈjumən əv flɛʃ ənd bləd səʧ ɛz ˈbætˌmæn, kən stænd wɪθ hɪz hɛd hɛld haɪ əˈməŋ gɑdz. ðɪs ɪz nɑt wɪˈθaʊt ɪts ˈprɑbləmz, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈridər ˌkɑmpriˈhɛndz ɪn ðɪs bʊk ðət ˈbætˌmæn kən ˈoʊnli du wət hi dɪz ɪn ə ˈmænər wɪʧ ðə ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə, doʊnt kənˈsɪdər ˈɛθɪkəl. 17 ˈbætˌmæn ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd wət grænt ˈmɔrɪsənz hoʊl ˈbætˌmæn rən lɛd əp tɪ. jʊr ˌɛnˈʤɔɪmənt əv ðɪs ˈrɪli dɪˈpɛndz ɔn haʊ ju fil əˈbaʊt grænt. ðə hoʊl rən ɪz ə lɔt əv fən, ənd ɛz ˈɔlˌweɪz ðɛr ər səm bɪˈzɑr nɑdz tɪ ðə mɔr ˈwæki saɪd əv ˈhɪstəri... laɪk ˈbrɪŋɪŋ bæk lɔrd dɛθ mæn frəm ðə ˈbætˌmæn ˈmæŋgə. ɪt ʃʊd bi ɔn ðə lɪst ˈpjʊrli fər ɪts grænd skeɪl, ənd fər biɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈʧæptər (fər naʊ) əv grænts ˈkreɪzi rən. 18 ˈbætˌmæn: əˈsaɪləm ðə ˈprɪzənərz əv əˈsaɪləm hæv ˈteɪkən ˈoʊvər ˈmɛntəl ˈɪlnəs dɪˈtɛnʃən ˈsɛnər ɔn ˈeɪprəl fulz deɪ ənd dɪˈmænd ˈbætˌmæn fər ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ əv ðə ˈprɪzənərz. 19 ˈbætəl fər ðə kaʊl ɪn ðə weɪk əv dɛθ, ˈgɑθəm ˈsɪti ˈdɛspərətli nidz ˈsəmˌwən nu tɪ əˈsum ðə ˈmæntəl əv ˈbætˌmæn. waɪl ðɪs θri ˈɪʃu ɪˈvɛnt pɛnd ənd ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd baɪ ˈtoʊni ɛs. ˈdænjəl ˈfiʧərz ə ˈmɪriəd əv gɛst stɑrz, ðɪs ˈstɔri ɪz ˈəltəmətli əˈbaʊt ðə ˈrɑbənz: dɪk ˈgreɪsən, ˈʤeɪsən tɑd, tɪm dreɪk, ənd ˈdeɪmiən weɪn. ˈɑrgjuəbli, brus həz hæd ðə moʊst proʊˈfaʊnd ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə jəŋ wɔrdz hi tʊk ɔn ənd reɪzd tɪ faɪt kraɪm ˈəndər ðə ˈmæntəl əv ˈrɑbɪn. ˈbætəl fər ðə kaʊl ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli ðə ˈrɑbənz ˈdukɪŋ ɪt aʊt ənd ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ðɛr grif ənd ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ tərmz wɪθ ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti ðeɪ hæv tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈlɛgəsi. ˈɑrgjuəbli, ðɪs ˈstɔri lidz əp tɪ ə kənˈkluʒən ˈɛvriˌwən sɔ ˈkəmɪŋ frəm maɪəlz əˈweɪ, bət ɪt ˈrɪli əˈbaʊt ðət. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt ðə lɪvz ðə ˈbætˌmæn təʧt ənd haʊ ˈgɑθəm ˈsɪti ɪz ˈrilɪŋ frəm ðə dɛθ əv ˈbætˌmæn ɛz ðoʊz hi lɛft bɪˈhaɪnd ˈbætəl fər ðə raɪt tɪ wɛr ðə kaʊl! 20 ˈbætˌmæn: dɑrk ˈvɪktəri loʊb ənd seɪl ˈfɑloʊ əp ðə ʤaɪˈgænɪk səkˈsɛs tɪ lɔŋ halloween”*” wɪθ ðɪs ˈsikwəl ðət ˈfɑloʊz ðə ˈərli deɪz əv ˈbætˌmæn. ðɛr ɪz ə noʊn ɛz ðə ˈhæŋmən ðət ɪz goʊɪŋ ˈæftər ˈfaɪnəst ənd ˈbætˌmæn məst reɪs tɪ ˈfɪgjər hu ðɪs ˈvɪlən ɪz. ˈtɪpɪkəl əv loʊb ənd seɪl ˌkɑləbərˈeɪʃənz, ˈmɛni əv moʊst ˈfeɪməs roʊgz meɪk ən əˈpɪrəns ənd ər ɔl ˈpɑsəbəl ˈsəˌspɛkts. ðə bɪg rɪˈvil æt ðə ɛnd wɪl ˈsərtənli liv ju ˈrilɪŋ! seɪl ˈrɪli ˌaʊtˈdəz hɪmˈsɛlf ɔn ðə ˈɑrtˌwərk kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl ˈstənɪŋ splæʃ ˈpeɪʤɪz! dɪk ˈɔrəʤən ˈstɔri ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ toʊld ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈɪʃuz əv ðɪs ˈstɔri ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ɪm ɛz ˈrɑbɪn. loʊb ənd seɪl du ə fænˈtæstɪk ʤɑb ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪŋ ɪm ˈɪntu ðə wərld əv ˈbætˌmæn ðət ðeɪ hæv kriˈeɪtɪd. wəns əˈgɛn, loʊb ənd seɪl kriˈeɪt ə ˈmæstərˌpis! 21 ˈbætˌmæn: jɪr 100 ðɪs ɪz nɑt ðə ˈbætˌmæn jʊr juzd tɪ. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ðə ˈrɑbɪn jʊr juzd tɪ. ɪts nɑt səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi. ɪts ə nu ˈbætˌmæn fər ə nu wərld. wɪθ ɑrt ðət ɪz əˈdɔrd baɪ səm ənd ˈheɪtɪd baɪ ˈəðərz, ðɪs ˈstɔri ʃoʊz ə mæn riˈmaɪndɪŋ ˈgɑθəm əˈbaʊt hər wəns moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈsɪtɪzən. 22 hɑrt əv həʃ dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈkɑmɪks ˈtɛknɪkəli ðɪs kən bi ˈtritɪd ɛz ən ɑrk wɪˈθɪn ən ɑrk sɪns ɪt goʊz hænd ɪn hænd wɪθ ɪˈvɛnts goʊɪŋ ɔn ɪn ˈbætˌmæn: rɪp bət aɪ ˈsɪŋgəld ɪt aʊt ɛz biɪŋ wən əv ˈbrusəz moʊst traɪɪŋ ɪˈvɛnts. nɑt ʤɪst bɪˈkəz ɪt dilz wɪθ hɪz ˈkɑnflɪkt wɪθ ˈtɑməs ˈɛliət, bət bɪˈkəz ɪn ðə ɛnd ˈbrusəz tru ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz təˈwɔrd səˈlinə kaɪl kəm aʊt æt ðə ɛnd wɪθ hər nɪr dɛθ, wɪʧ aɪ bɪˈliv wɑz ə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˌriæfərˈmeɪʃən tɪ wət wi ˈlərnɪd ɪn ðə ˈbætˌmæn: həʃ ˈstɔri ɑrk. 23 ˈɪntrəkət ənd ˈɪnɪmət ˈditeɪlz ər ʃɛrd əv haʊ ðə bɔg tu ˈrɪli fil təˈwɔrd iʧ ˈəðər ənd haʊ ðeɪ rɪˈleɪt. ðɪs ɪz ə məst ənd ə hɛl əv ə fən rɛd fər ˈɛni ˈkɑmɪk bʊk ˈbætˌmæn fæn. 24 ˈʤoʊkər ðɪs ərˈɪʤənəl ˈgræfɪk ˈnɑvəl baɪ braɪən ɑtsɑˈrɛloʊ tʊk ə ˈdɑrkər lʊk æt wən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈvɪlənz ɪn ˈkɑmɪks. 25 ˈbætˌmæn ˈdrækjulə: rɛd reɪn sɪns ˈbætˌmæn wɑz ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd, wən kˈwɛʃən rɪˈmeɪnd ɪn ˈpipəlz hɛdz; hu wʊd wɪn? ˈbætˌmæn ər ˈdrækjulə? wɛl, ˈæftər soʊ ˈmɛni jɪrz ɪt wɑz ˈænsərd ɪn ˈbætˌmæn: rɛd reɪn, ən ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 1991 ðɪs ˈkɑmɪk wɑz ˈrɪtən baɪ ˈkɑmɪk ˈlɛʤənd dəg moʊŋk ənd wɑz drɔn baɪ ˈkɛli ʤoʊnz. ðɪs ˈkɑmɪk wɑz greɪt sɪns ˈɛvəri peɪʤ wɑz fʊl əv greɪt twɪsts, əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈɑrtˌwərk, ənd ə ˈbrɪljənt ˈstɔri. ˈbætˌmæn: ˈgɑθəm baɪ ˈgæslaɪt meɪ hæv ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd ðə, bət rɛd reɪn wɑz ðə fərst tɪ ˈpərˌfɪkt ɪt. 26 ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈhæpənd tɪ ðə keɪpt kruˈseɪdər? ˈfaɪnəli, ðɪs ˈstɔri ʃoʊz wət ɪt wʊd bi laɪk æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə dɑrk naɪts kərɪr. ðɪs ɪz ˈprɪti məʧ ðə læst ˈbætˌmæn ˈstɔri ɪf ðɛr ˈɛvər wʊd bi wən. wət wʊd ˈhæpən ɪf ðə ˈstɔri ˈɛndɪd? hu wʊd goʊ tɪ hɪz fˈjunərəl? hu wʊd mɔrn ɪm? wət wʊd ˈpipəl seɪ əˈbaʊt ɪm? ɪt ˈænsərz ə lɔt əv ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz juv ˈnɛvər ˈriəˌlaɪzd ju ˈwɔntɪd tɪ noʊ. 27 ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈstɛfəni braʊn ɪz ə rɪˈfrɛʃɪŋ ˈkɑntræst tɪ ðə ˈnɔrməl ˈpeɪθɑs ðət draɪvz ðə dɪˈfɛndərz əv ˈgɑθəm ˈsɪti. jæ, ʃi həz hər ˈbægɪʤ bət fər ðə moʊst pɑrt ʃi ɪz soʊ ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk əˈbaʊt bɪˈkəmɪŋ (ˈæftər ɔˈrɛdi əˈsumɪŋ ðə ˈmæntəl əv ˈspɔɪlər ənd ə ˈrɑbɪn) ðət ɪt ɪz hɑrd nɑt gɪt kɔt əp ɪn hər greɪt ˈspɪrɪt, backtalk*, ənd ˈwəndərfəl ˈɪnər ˈmɑnəˌlɔgz. ˈstɛfəni braʊn ruˈtinli meɪks mi læf aʊt laʊd ɛz. hər riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈdeɪmiən ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈbrɪljənt. ðɪs ɑrk ˈɔlsoʊ dɪz wɛl tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈbɑrbərə ˈgɔrdən ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ tərmz wɪθ hər roʊl ɛz ˈɔrəkəl ənd hər ˈfilɪŋz fər dɪk ˈgreɪsən. ðɪs ɑrk ɪz ə ˈwəndərfəl mɪks əv ˌsupərˈhiroʊ fən ənd ˈiˌmoʊʃnəli ˈkɑmplɛks ˈkɛrɪktərz ˈwərkɪŋ θru ðɛr ˈɪʃuz. 28 ə ˈloʊnli pleɪs əv daɪɪŋ ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv tɪm dreɪk ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɔˈkeɪʒənz ɪn ðə laɪf əv ˈbætˌmæn. ðə bʊk ræŋks əˈməŋst ðə tɔp 100 ˌhaʊˈɛvər nɑt fər ðət ˈrizən, aɪ pleɪst ɪt ɪn maɪ tɔp 5 bɪˈkəz əv ðə weɪ ɪt kˈwɛsʧənd ənd rɪˈvaɪzd ðə ˈrizənɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd waɪ brus ˈrɪli nidz ə ˈrɑbɪn. səm hæd ˈɑrgjud ðət brus ˈnidɪd ə ˈbikən əv hoʊp, ər ðət brus ˈsɪmpli ˈwɔntɪd tɪ treɪn ðə nɛkst ˌsupərˈhiroʊ tu teɪk ˈoʊvər ɪm, bət noʊ, ˈwʊlfmən ˈstɔri kənˈkludz baɪ rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ðət ˈrɑbɪn ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəli tɪ ˈbætˌmæn bɪˈkəz ɪt kips ɪm ˈkɔʃəs, kips ɪm əˈlaɪv. 29 ˈbætˌmæn: ˈigoʊ ˈigoʊ ɪz ˈrɪli ə ˌfɪziəˈlɑʤɪkəl trɪp fər ðə dɑrk naɪt. ɪt ˈʃoʊˌkeɪsɪz ən bɪtˈwin brus weɪn ənd ˈbætˌmæn rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ hu hi ˈrɪli ɪz, wət hɪz ˈpərpəs ɪz, wət ˈmɛθədz hi ʃʊd bi ˈjuzɪŋ tɪ pʊt ən ɛnd tɪ kraɪm ənd hɪz tru ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən fər duɪŋ soʊ. 30 ˈbætˌmæn: rɪˈtərn əv brus weɪn ˈbætˌmæn: rɪˈtərn əv brus weɪn ɪz hɪt ər mɪs. səm ˈpipəl heɪt ɪt, ˈəðərz ləv ɪt, bət ɪt ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈstɔriz əv ðə læst hæf ˈdɛkeɪd ɛz ɪt siz ðə ˈfaɪnəl rɪˈtərn əv brus weɪn frəm hɪz pərˈsivd "dɛθ" æt ðə hænz əv, wən əv ðə moʊst ˈpaʊərfəl ˈvɪlənz ɪn ðə ˌdiˈsi ˈjunəˌvərs. ˈwɛðər ˈpipəl laɪkt ðə fækt ðə twɪst əv ˈbætˌmæn ˈwɔkɪŋ θru taɪm, ˈsəfərɪŋ frəm æmˈniʒə ər nɑt, ɪt ˈdɛfənətli brɪŋz ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt tɪ ðə ˈteɪbəl. 31 dɑrk naɪt, dɑrk ˈsɪti ˈbætˌmæn ðɪs ˈstɔri aɪ bɪˈliv tɪ bi ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ənd dɪˈzərvɪŋ tɪ bi ɪn ðə tɔp 100 du tɪ ðə fækt ðət ɪt wɑz wən əv ˌdiˈsi ˈkɑmɪks' fərst əˈtɛmpts tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn kəˈnɛkʃənz bɪtˈwin barbatos*, brus weɪn, ˈbætˌmæn, ənd ˈgɑθəm ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl. aɪ si ɪt ɛz ən ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən ənd ˈpreɪˌlud tɪ ðə ˈbætˌmæn rɪp ˈstɔri ɑrk. 32 ðə keɪs əv ðə ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈsɪndɪkət dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈkɑmɪks 27 haʊ kən ðə bɛst ˈstɔriz nɑt ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈvɛri fərst wən? 33 ˈkɪŋdəm kəm ˈkɪŋdəm kəm ʃoʊz ə ˈbætˌmæn hu həz ˈnɛvər ˈgɪvɪn əp, ˈivɪn ɪn oʊld eɪʤ ənd wɪl goʊ tɪ greɪt lɛŋθs tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈsɪti əv ˈgɑθəm. brus weɪn (ˈbætˌmæn) wɪl nɑt lɛt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ stɑp ɪm. aɪ daʊt ˈivɪn ðə greɪv kʊd hoʊld ɪm bæk. ðə fərst ˈstɔri ɑrk steɪz tru tɪ hu hi ɪz ənd ɪz ən ˈɛksələnt ˈstɔri. 34: ˈfriˌfɔl ˈfriˌfɔl ɪz ˈɑrgjuəbli ðə dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv dɪk ˈgreɪsən ˈstɔri. ɪt ˈrɪli dɪˈfaɪnz dɪks pleɪz wɪˈθɪn ðə wərld ənd ˈhaɪˌlaɪts wət ˈsɛpərˌeɪts ðə laɪt ˈhɑrtɪd, ənd ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk ˈgreɪsən frəm hɪz ˈbrudɪŋ ˈmɛnˌtɔr. ɪts ə dɪˈlaɪt tɪ rɛd, ənd ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃən bɪtˈwin dɪk ənd ðə ɪkˈspændɪd ˈjunəˌvərs ɪz mɔr ðət ðə ˈstɛlər faɪts. 35 ˈrɑbɪn: jɪr wən aɪ ˈrɪli ləv ðɪs ˈstɔri, ðə ˈstɔri əv ðə fərst jɪr əv ðə fərst ˈrɑbɪn ˈʃʊrli həz tɪ bi ˌɪnˈkludɪd. səm kən bi pʊt ɔf baɪ ðə lʊks əv ɪt, bət bɪɔnd ðət, ðɪs ɪz ə greɪt teɪl ʃoʊɪŋ ˈrɑbɪn ˈlərnɪŋ hɪz pleɪs, brus ˈlərnɪŋ səm riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti ənd ˈælfrɪd ˈlərnɪŋ tɪ ˈbæləns hɪz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ brus ənd dɪk. θroʊ ɪn ʤɪst ɪˈnəf ˈvɪlənz ˈgɪtɪŋ ʤɪst ɪˈnəf speɪs wɪˈθɪn ðə plɑt (friz, ˈhætər, two-face*) ənd ɪts əp ðɛr ɪn maɪ tɔp 5 36 ˈfɪfti jɪrz ˌænəˈvərsəri dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈkɑmɪks 572 ˈbætˌmæn həz bɪn tɪ ɛz "ðə wərldz ˈgreɪtəst dɪˈtɛktɪv", bət hi ɪz nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli wən hu həz pəˈzɛst ðət ˈtaɪtəl. ɪn ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪŋ 50 jɪrz əv dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈkɑmɪks, wən əv maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈkrɔˌsoʊvər ɪˈvɛnts tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈʃərˌlɑk hoʊmz ənd ˈbætˌmæn tɪ mit. ɪt ɪz wən əv maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈbætˌmæn ˈstɔriz. ɪt ɪz ə pjʊr ˈmɪstəri ədˈvɛnʧər wɪʧ drɔz frəm dɪˈtɛktɪv ərˈɪʤənəl ruts. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈmæʤɪk ɪn ðɪs ˈkɑmɪk (ənˈlɛs ju kaʊnt ɪˈlɔŋgeɪtəd mænz paʊərz) ˈoʊnli ə ˈstɔri wɪʧ ɪz ˈwəndərfəl ˈivɪn 26 jɪrz ˈleɪtər. ɪt həz səm greɪt twɪsts ənd tərnz ənd ə mægˈnɪfɪsənt grup əv kriˈeɪtərz. ˈvɛri ˈɛpɪk ˈkɑmɪk! 37 ˈgɑθəm baɪ ˈgæslaɪt ɪt ɪz ðə ˈvɛri fərst 'elseworlds*' ˈstɔri ˌdiˈsi dɪd, ənd ɪt rɪˈmeɪnz wən əv ðə bɛst. maɪk dɑrk ˈɑrtˌwərk sɛts ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt toʊn fər ˈɛni ˈbætˌmæn ˈstɔri, ənd lɛts feɪs ɪt, haʊ kul ɪz ɪt tɪ si ˈbætˌmæn ˈfaɪtɪŋ ʤæk ðə ˈrɪpər? nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə kəmˈplitli ˈdɪfərənt riˈækʃən frəm ðə vɪkˈtɔriən taɪmz tɪ ðɪs 'bat-man*. 38 dɑrk naɪt ˈvərsəz. waɪt naɪt ˈbætˌmæn ˈrɑbɪn ðɛr ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt dɪk ənd ˈdeɪmiən ɛz ˈbætˌmæn ˈrɑbɪn ðət ˈrɪli wərks fər mi. ðɪs ˈstɔri kəmz frəm wən əv ðɛr ˈfaɪnəl ædˈvɛnʧərz təˈgɛðər ˌbiˈfɔr brus teɪks əp ðə kaʊl wəns mɔr. ðɪs ˈstɔri ˌɪntrəˈdusɪz waɪt knight”*”, ə ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ˈvɪlən hu əˈtɛmpts tɪ klin əp ˈgɑθəm baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ə ˈhɛvən ɔn ərθ. ðə ˈɪmɪʤri əv ðə ˈstɔri ənd ðə ˌræʃəˈnæl hɛlp meɪk wən əv ðə moʊst ˈmɛmərəbəl ˈstɔriz frəm ðə ˈrisənt robin”*” ˈtaɪtəl. 39 ˈbætˌmæn sən ˈbætˌmæn ðɪs ɑrk ɪz əv noʊt ˈmoʊstli bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv ˈdeɪmiən weɪn ˈɪntu ðə ˈbætˌmæn ˈkænən. grænt ˈmɔrɪsən teɪks ðə sid əv ə plɑt pɔɪnt ˌɪntrəˈdust jɪrz əˈgoʊ ɪn əv ə demon”*” ənd kriˈeɪts ˈdeɪmiən weɪn, wən əv ðə ˈfaɪnəst ˈmɑdərn əˈdɪʃənz tɪ ðə bæt ˈfæməli. ðə ˈstɔri ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfiʧərz ə ˈɑrmi ənd æt hər ˈkreɪzi ˈfaɪnəst! 40 ˈbætˌmæn blæk ənd waɪt səm əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈkɑmɪk ˈmeɪkərz gɑt ðə ʧæns tɪ ˈproʊdus wən, ʃɔrt bi ˈdəbəlju batman-story*. ðə reɪnʤ əv ˈstɔriz ɪz ɛz ˈkələrfəl ɛz ˈprɑbəˌbli ɪkˈspɛkt frəm ən ænˈθɔləˌʤi. ðɛr ər grɪm, ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl, ˈækʃən fɪld, ənd ˈskɛri ˈstɔriz ɪn ðiz bʊks. səm əv ðɛm, ˈnæʧərəli, ɛz ˈmæstərfəl ɛz ðə ˈəðərz, bət ˈivɪn ðoʊz wənz ər ˈbɛtər ɪn ˈvɛriəs ˈlɛvəlz, ðən wət ju kən faɪnd frəm tɛk ər ˈbætˌmæn ˈɛvəri mənθ. ˈdɪfərənt, ənd nɑt ɛz riˈstrɪktɪd baɪ ˌkɑntəˈnuəti ɛz ɪkˈspɛkt. ðə ˈtælənt ɪn ðiz ˈstɔriz kəmˈpraɪzd əv krɪs ˈklɛrˌmɑnt, pɔl ˈdini, brus tɪm, ʤoʊ kubert*, deɪv ˈgɪbɪnz, ʤin ˈkoʊlən, mərˈi ˈsɛvərɪn, ˈwɔltər ˈsɪmənsən, ˈdænjəl ˈtɔˌrɛz, maɪk mignola*, nil, dweɪn məkˈdəfi ənd ˈdəzənz əv ˈəðərz. ðɪs ən ˈɛpɪk. ə teɪl əv ˈɔrdəˌnɛri laɪf, ənd tɛlz əˈbaʊt ɪm, ənd hɪz ˈɪnfluəns. ɪn ðɪs wən, hi ɪz ˈtruli ˈbætˌmæn. 41 ˈbætˌmæn: noʊɛl ˈnəθɪŋ ɪf nɑt ˈbjutəfli drɔn. ˈbætˌmæn: ɪz ə ˈklɛvərli kənˈstrəktɪd ˈstɔri ðət əˈdæpts ðə wərk əv ˈʧɑrəlz ˈdɪkənz' 'ə ˈkrɪsməs ˈkɛrəl' tɪ ðə wərld əv ˈbætˌmæn. wən ˈvɛri əˈpilɪŋ ˈæˌspɛkt əv ˈsɛvərəl ˈbætˌmæn ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz ɪz ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ðət ˈbætˌmæn həz tɪ ˈoʊvərˌkəm ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ fil ˈwərði əv ðə roʊl əv prəˈtɛktər ə ˈkɑnsɛpt ɪkˈsplɔrd hir wɪθ ðə hɛlp əv ə hoʊl kæst əv fəˈmɪljər səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈkɛrɪktərz frəm ðə ˈbætˌmæn 42 ˈbætˌmæn: wɔr ɔn kraɪm ə ˈsɪmpəl ˈstɔri ðət sərvz tɪ ðə kɔr ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ðə ˈbætˌmæn ˈkɛrɪktər, ðə bɪg drɔ hir ɪz ðə ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ɑrt baɪ ˈæləks rɔs, ˈfaɪnəli pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ə ˈfɔrˌmæt ðət ˈtruli ˈʃoʊˌkeɪsɪz ðə mænz wərk. ˈbætˌmæn həz ˈnɛvər lʊkt mɔr ril, hɪz wərld mɔr əˈθɛnɪk. ɪts ə ʃeɪm ðət wi kænt gɪt ə bʊk laɪk ðɪs ˈɛvəri jɪr. 43 ˈbætˌmæn: ðə kəlt wəns əˈpɑn ə taɪm, ˌbiˈfɔr boʊθ ˈmɑrvəl ənd ˌdiˈsi ʤɪst meɪd kæʃ græbz baɪ ˈsɛlɪŋ ˌmidiˈoʊkər ˈstɔriz ɪn faɪn ˈdrɛsɪŋ, ðə "prɛˈstiʒ" ˈfɔrˌmæt wɑz rɪˈzərvd fər ˈoʊnli ðə bɛst ˈstɔriz, ɑrt, ənd kriˈeɪtərz. ˈtimɪŋ əp ˈstɑrlɪn ˈraɪtsən ɔn ˈbætˌmæn wɑz ɪgˈzæktli ðə kaɪnd əv ˈprɑʤɛkt ðət kɔld aʊt fər ðə "prɛˈstiʒ" ˈfɔrˌmæt. ˈstɑrlɪn geɪv ˈjuˈɛs ə nu ˈædvərˌsɛri fər ðə ˈbætˌmæn, ənd ˈraɪtsən... wət kən aɪ seɪ? ʤɪst əˈmeɪzɪŋ. ˈpæʃənz meɪ laɪ ɪn ðə ˈhɔrər ˈʒɑnrə, bət, ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən, hɪz ɪz wən əv ðə 10 bɛst ˈvərʒənz əv ðə ˈbætˌmæn. siɪŋ ɪm duɪŋ ðə ɑrˈtɪstɪk ˈɑnərz ɔn ə fɔr pɑrt "prɛˈstiʒ" ˈfɔrˌmæt wɑz ə ˌhɛˈluvə trit. 44 ˈkætˌwʊmən sɛts ðə steɪʤ fər rən ɔn ““catwoman”*” wɪʧ aɪ bɪˈliv tɪ bi ðə ˈfaɪnəst rən əv ˈkætˌwʊmən ˈɛvər ˈrɪtən. ˌɪˈmiˌdiət plɑt ɪz ə ˈsɪˌriəl ˈkɪlər hu ɪz ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈprɑstəˌtuts. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ““anodyne”*” ˈɔlsoʊ dilz wɪθ səˈlinə ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ tərmz wɪθ ˈkætˌwʊmən ənd rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ə laɪf ʃi hæd lɔŋ θɔt əˈbændənd. 45 ðə fərst ˈbætˌmæn dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈkɑmɪks 235 lɛts bi ˈɑnəst, wɪn ˈpipəl θɪŋk ˈsɪlvər eɪʤ ðeɪ θɪŋk ˈvɛri ˈsɪli ˈkɑmɪk bʊks ðət ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli stʊd aʊt ɛz gʊd ənˈlɛs ðeɪ hæd səm rɪˈdɪkjələs ˈgɪmɪk. wɛl, ðɪs ˈstɔri wɑz meɪd ɪn ðə ˈsɪlvər eɪʤ, ənd saʊnz laɪk ɪt həz ə ˈsɪli ˈgɪmɪk bət ɪt ɪz stɪl greɪt. ðə ˈstɔri ɪz ðət ˈbætˌmæn faɪndz ən oʊld teɪp, hɪz ˈfɑðərz ˈdaɪəri ənd ˈbætˌmæn ˈkɑstum ənd dɪˈskəvərz (ˈæftər ˈwɑʧɪŋ ðə teɪp) ðət ɪt wɑz wɔrn baɪ ˈbrusəz ˈfɑðər ˈtɑməs weɪn ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈkɑstum ˈpɑrti. ˈæftər ˈfaɪndɪŋ aʊt ðət kraɪm bɔs lu ˈmɑksən ˈkɪdˌnæpt ˈfɑðər æt ðə ˈkɑstum ˈpɑrti, wɪʧ ˈəltəmətli əˈmaʊnɪd tɪ lu ˈɔrdərɪŋ ə hɪt ɔn ˈtɑməs weɪn baɪ ˈhaɪrɪŋ ə ˈsərtən ʤoʊ ʧɪl, ˈbætˌmæn ˌdɪˈsaɪdz tɪ ˈoʊpən ðə weɪn ˈmərdər keɪs wəns əˈgɛn tɪ brɪŋ lu ˈmɑksən tɪ ˈʤəstɪs. aɪ doʊnt wɔnt tɪ ruɪn ðə ˈɛndɪŋ, bət ɪt ɪz ˈsərtənli dɑrk kəmˈpɛrd tɪ moʊst ˈəðər ˈsɪlvər eɪʤ ˈkɑmɪk bɪldz ɔn ˈɔrəʤɪnz ˈgreɪtli (ənd ˈraɪtfəli soʊ, sɪns ɪt wɑz ˈrɪtən baɪ ˈbætˌmæn bɪl ˈfɪŋgər) ənd ɪz fʊl əv greɪt ɑrt. 46 ˈfaɪnəl ˈkraɪsəs aɪ θɪŋk ˈfaɪnəl ˈkraɪsəs ʃʊd bi ɔn ðə lɪst sɪns ɪts ðə "dɛθ" əv ˈbætˌmæn. wɪˈθaʊt ˈfaɪnəl ˈkraɪsəs ju ˈwʊdənt hæv ˈstɔriz laɪk ˈbætəl fər ðə kaʊl, ðə blæk ˈmɪrər, ˈprɪti məʧ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər rɛd ˈrɑbɪn ˈsɪriz, ˈbætˌmæn ənd ˈrɑbɪn rən.. aɪ kʊd ˈrɪli meɪk ə lɪst əv haʊ ˈmɛni ˈstɔriz ðɪs wən ˈifɛkts ðə lɛt əˈloʊn ʤɪst ðə ˈbætˌmæn family/universe*. aɪ noʊ ɪts ə ˈstɔri laɪk ðə ˈəðər ˈkraɪsəs' bət aɪ bɪˈliv ɪt dɪˈzərvz kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ɪn laɪt əv ɔl ðə greɪt ˈstɔriz ðət spən frəm ɪt. 47 rɛd ˈrɑbɪn ðə stɑrt əv ˈbrɪljənt ˈsɪriz. ðɪs fərst ˈstɔri ɑrk wɑz greɪt, ənd ʃoʊd ðət naʊ ˈbætˌmæn wɑz gɔn, (sɛt ˈæftər rɪp), taɪm dreɪk wɑz naʊ ðə 'wərldz ˈgreɪtəst dɪˈtɛktɪv'. hi ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli wən hu bɪˈlivz ðət brus ˈɪzənt dɛd, ənd meɪks ɪt hɪz ˈmɪʃən tɪ sɛt aʊt tɪ pruv ɪt. fər fænz əv tɪm, ðɪs hoʊl ˈsɪriz ɪz ə ril trit, ənd ðə ˈstɔriz ðət ˈfɑloʊ ˈkʊdənt bi mɔr ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd. 48 wɔr geɪmz aɪ æm glæd ðət aɪ wɑz əˈlaʊd tɪ juz ɔl θri ækts əv ðɪs ˈstɔri, bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈrɪli ɪz wən əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ənd bɛst ˈbætˌmæn ˈɛpɪks aʊt ðɛr. ˈgɑθəm ɪz ˈhævɪŋ ðə wərst gæŋ wɔr, wɪθ ðə ˈsɪti ˈlɪtərəli sɛt ɔn faɪər. bət wɪθ [ˈvərʧuəli] ɔl ðə mɑb ˈbɔsɪz ɪn ˈgɑθəm dɛd ər ˈmɪsɪŋ, ðə bɪg pleɪərz ər əˈbaʊt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə rulz tɪ ðə geɪm. bət ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðət ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ ɪn ˈgɑθəm simz ɔl tu fəˈmɪljər tɪ ˈbætˌmæn, ənd wɪθ səʧ ˈlɪmɪtɪd hɛlp frəm boʊθ hɪz dˈwɪndəlɪŋ ˈælaɪz ənd ðə pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt, ˈgɑθəm meɪ ʤɪst lus ə fju ˈhɪroʊz. 49 ðə dɑrk naɪt straɪks əˈgɛn ðæts raɪt, ðə dɑrk naɪt rɪˈtərnz. məʧ ˌlæmˈbæstɪd ɛz ən ˌɪnˈfɪriər ˈsikwəl, lɛts fərˈgɛt fræŋk ˈmɪlər ənd ðə dɑrk naɪt rɪˈtərnz fər ə ˈmoʊmənt ənd θɪŋk haʊ wi maɪt hæv rɪˈspɑndɪd ɪf, aʊt əv ðə blu, ðɪs ˌɪˈrɛvərənt teɪl əv ən ɑrs ˈkɪkɪŋ bæts ənd ðə mæd, kreɪzd, poʊst pəŋk wərld hi lɪvz ɪn fɛl ˈɪntu ɑr læps aʊt əv ðə blu? wət wʊd ɑr rɪˈspɑns bi ðɛn? ˈhævɪŋ ɑr maɪndz ˈfrikɪŋ bloʊn. ðæts wət. 50 ˈbætˌmæn ənd ˈrɑbɪn rən): lɛt mi stɑrt baɪ seɪɪŋ ðət grænt ˈmɔrɪsən ɪz ˌɪnˈseɪn ənd ə ˈvɛri gʊd θɪŋ! ɛz ə saɪd ˈifɛkt əv hɪz ˈbætˌmæn rɪp ˈsɑgə, dɪk ˈgreɪsən ənd ˈdeɪmiən weɪn bɪˈkeɪm ðə nu ˈbætˌmæn ˈrɑbɪn. ðeɪ hæv tɪ ˈstrəgəl ə bɪt, bət ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ðeɪ meɪk ə fænˈtæstɪk daɪˈnæmɪk ˈduoʊ. rən ɔn ˈbætˌmæn ˈrɑbɪn siz ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ə groʊˈtɛsk ˈvɪlən prəˈfɛsər pyg*, ðə rɪˈtərn əv ˈʤeɪsən tɑd ɛz ðə rɛd hʊd ɛz hi kriˈeɪts ə daɪˈnæmɪk ˈduoʊ əv hɪz oʊn, ə ˈwəndərfəli hɔˈrɪfɪk tɪ ˈblækəst naɪt, æt hər ˈkreɪzi bɛst, ə ˈtɛrəbli ˈvaɪələnt ˈɑməʤ tɪ ðə ˈklæsɪk ˈʤeɪsən tɑd ˈkroʊˌbɑr dɛθ sin, ənd ðə ˈgraʊndˌwərk ɪz leɪd fər ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðə ˈmɪstəri əv dɛθ. ðə ˈɑrtˌwərk ˈʧeɪnʤɪz kwaɪt ə bɪt, bət ðɛr ɪz ˈdɛfənətli ˈsəmθɪŋ fər ˈɛvriˌwən! ðə læst peɪʤ əv rən ɔn ˈbætˌmæn ˈrɑbɪn sɛts əp wən əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ɪˈvɛnts tɪ hɪt ˈbætˌmæn ˈɛvər ɪn ðə əˈnaʊnsɪŋ əv ˈbætˌmæn ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd! ləv ɪm ər heɪt ɪm, grænt rən ɔn ˈbætˌmæn ˈrɑbɪn ɪz ˈdɛfənətli wən əv ðə bɛst ˈstɔri ɑrks ɪn bat-history*! 51 ˈbætˌmæn: ðə mæn hu læfs əm ʤɪst goʊɪŋ tɪ seɪ ɪt, ðɪs bʊk ɪz tu ˈɔfən kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ ʤoʊk. ɪts ə ʃeɪm tu, bɪˈkəz ðɪs bʊk nɑt ˈoʊnli həz greɪt ɑrt ənd ˈstɔri, bət greɪt ˈkɛrɪktərz. ɪt ˈwəndərfəli pɔrˈtreɪz boʊθ ˈbrusəz draɪv ənd tˈwɪstɪd saɪˈkɑləʤi, ˈʧælənʤɪŋ haʊ ˌɪnˈseɪn hi ˈtruli ɪz. 52 ˈbætˌmæn ənd ˈrɑbɪn aɪl kənˈfɛs, ðə fərst ˈɪʃu lɛft mi ˌənɪmˈprɛst. ˈdeɪmiən wɑz ə bræt ənd wi dəv jɛt əˈgɛn ˈɪntu ˈfilɪŋz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈtræʤɪk lɔs əv hɪz ˈpɛrənts æt ə jəŋ eɪʤ. bət ðɛn ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈspɛʃəl ˈhæpənd, ðə bʊk ˌɪntrəˈdust ə ˈvɪlən ðət wʊd gɪv ðɪs ˈstɔri soʊ məʧ mɔr dɛpθ. nɑt ˈoʊnli wɑz ðə ˈvɪlən hɪmˈsɛlf wərθ ˈʧɛkɪŋ aʊt, bət ðə ˌɪmˈpækt hi wʊd hæv ɔn boʊθ ˈdeɪmiən ənd ˈbætˌmæn ɪz wərθ ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ. aɪ kænt weɪt tɪ si wɛr ðɪs goʊz ˈæftər ðə ɪˈvɛnts əv ˈɪʃu 7 53 ˈbætˌmæn ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl ("rulz əv ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt"): ɪf ju ər ɪn tɪ ə tɛk ˈsævi ˈbætˌmæn ðɛn ðɪs ɪz fər ˈsɪriz ˈoʊpənər wɪʧ ˈʃoʊˌkeɪsɪz ə wɔr fər ˈkɔrpərət səˈprɛməsi ɪn ɑrmz ˌmænjəˈfækʧər bɪtˈwin brus weɪn ənd lɛks ˈbæˌdæs ˈbætəlz. 54 ˈbætˌmæn: teɪlz əv ðə ˈdimən ðɪs kəˈlɛkʃən ʃoʊz ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv æl ənd ɪgˈzæmənz hɪz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə dɑrk naɪt. 55 brus weɪn: fˈjuʤɪtɪv kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ ɔn frəm 'ˈmərdərər?', ənd nɑt biɪŋ kəmˈplit wɪˈθaʊt ɪt, ðɪs ɪz əˈnəðər greɪt ˈbætˌmæn ˈɛpɪk ɪn ðə seɪm veɪn ɛz 'noʊ mænz lænd', 'wɔr geɪmz' ənd 'knighfall*' ˌɛtˈsɛtərə... ənd waɪl ɪt ˈsəfərz frəm biɪŋ ˈfɛrli ˈlɔŋˈwɪndɪd ɪn ˈpleɪsɪz ənd ˈnɛvər ˈriʧɪŋ ðə haɪz əv səm əv ðə ˈəðər lɔŋ (ər ɪts ˈprikwɛl, ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən), ɪt stɪl dɪˈzərvz tɪ stænd əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ðɛm ɪn ðɪs lɪst. ɪts ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ si səm əv ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃənz bɪtˈwin bɪtˈwin ˈbætˌmæn ənd ˈəðər ˈkɛrɪktərz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˈdɛspərɪt taɪm fər ɪm. 56 brus weɪn: ˈmərdərər? ðɪs ˈstɔri ˈrɪli ʃʊk θɪŋz əp fər ðə ˈbætˌmæn ˈkɑmɪks, hæd brus ˈbroʊkən hɪz wən ˈgoʊldən rul əv noʊ ˈkɪlɪŋ? ɪt ɪz ə greɪt, ˈstɔri wɪʧ floʊz æt ə greɪt peɪs ənd ɪz ʤɪst ðə raɪt lɛŋθ. ɪts ˈrɪli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ si ə hu ɪz nɑt ɪn kənˈtroʊl, ˈdəzənt hæv ə plæn ənd huz ˈtrəstɪd riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ər ˈkrəmbəlɪŋ. laɪk ə lɔt əv ðə bɛst bɛst ˈbætˌmæn teɪlz, ɪt riˈvɑlvz əraʊnd ə ˈmɪstəri, ɪt ˈkæptɪˌveɪts ənd kips ju ˈrɛdɪŋ. waɪl ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈɪzənt ræpt əp hir, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ sɛts ðə sin fər ðə 'fˈjuʤɪtɪv', wɛr ðə ˈmɪstəri kənˈtɪnjuz. 57 ˈɛmpərər ˈʤoʊkər ðə wərld ɪz ˈbroʊkən, ənd ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi simz tɪ noʊ wəts rɔŋ. ɪt ˈɪzənt ˈivɪn ənˈtɪl ˈhæfˈweɪ θru ðɪs naɪn ˈɪʃu ˈstɔri ðət ðə ˈʤoʊkər ɪz rɪˈvild ɛz ðə kɔz. bət wi gɪt tɪ si ðə wərld ʃeɪpt ɪn ðə klaʊn prɪns əv kraɪmz ˈɪmɪʤ, ənd ɪts ɛz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ɛz ɪt ɪz ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ. ɪn ðə ɛnd, ɪts ˈɔlsoʊ wən əv ðə ˈiziəst dɪˈfits. hi ɪz ˈbitən ˈsɪmpli baɪ ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈbætˌmæn ðət hi kænt ɪˈreɪs frəm hɪz hɛd. 58 naɪt ənd skwaɪr aɪ məst seɪ aɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə aɪˈdiə əv ə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈbætˌmæn ənd ˈrɑbɪn. ðɪs hæd ə lɔt əv ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈhjumər ɪn ɪt (səm əv wɪʧ wɛnt ˈoʊvər maɪ hɛd) ənd jɛt wɑz ˌɛnˈʤɔɪəbəl. aɪ laɪkt ðɪs ˈsɪriz. pɔl kɔrˈnɛl ənd ˈʤɪmi ˈbrɑkstən geɪv ˈpleɪfəl ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˈɪntu ə ˈduoʊ wi ˈhævənt sin ə lɔt. 59 ˈləvərz ˈmædmən ˈbætˌmæn ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl wət kaɪnd əv ˈpərsən bɪˈkəmz ə ˈʤoʊkər? ðɪs ɑrk ðə ˈʤoʊkərz ˈɔrəʤən ˈstɔri wɪθ ə nu twɪst: hi ɪz naʊ ə ˈvaɪələnt, dɪˈprɛst noʊˈmædɪk frəm aʊt əv taʊn ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ pʊt ə ˈlɪtəl laɪt bæk ɪn hɪz laɪf. ən ɑrk tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər! 60 ðə ˈdɛdli ˈnəmbərz geɪm! ənd "ðə "ˈbætˌmæn ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi noʊz" ˈbætˌmæn 250 ə ˈrəðər ɔn ðə ˈbætˌmæn, wɛr ˈʧɪldrən ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ðɛr ˈrəðər ˌɪˈmæʤənətɪv əˈkaʊnts əv ˈbætˌmæn, wən mɔr ˈwæki ðən ðə læst. ðə aɪˈdiə pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ðɪs ˈkɑmɪk bʊk frəm ðə həz brænʧt aʊt tɪ ˈvɛriəs fɔrmz əv ˈmidiə, ənd rɪˈmeɪnz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɪʃu ɪn ðə ˈbætˌmæn ˈjunəˌvərs, ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ haʊ ðə juθs əv ˈgɑθəm si ɪm ə ˈtɑpɪk ðət ɪz nɑt kənˈsɪdərd ˈɔfən ɪˈnəf. 61 ðə ˈʤoʊkərz riˈvɛnʤ! ˈbætˌmæn 251 ɪn wət meɪ bi ðə kˌwɪntɪˈsɛnʃəl ˈʤoʊkər ˈstɔri, ˈraɪtər ˈdɛni oʊˈnil ənd ˈɑrtɪst nil ˈædəmz teɪk ðə ˈʤoʊkər bæk tɪ hɪz ruts ɪn ˈmərdərəs ˈfæʃən. ˈæftər ˈhævɪŋ biɪŋ dɪˈpɪktɪd ɛz ə ˈhɑrmləs bəˈfun du tɪ ðə ˈkɑmɪks koʊd əˈθɔrəti ənd sɛlf ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp fər ˈmɛni jɪrz ˈpriviəs, oʊˈnil ənd ˈædəmz ˌriɪnˈvɪgərˌeɪtɪd ðə ˈkɛrɪktər, ʃoʊɪŋ ɪm ɛz ə ˈmərdərəs ənd ˈvɛri ril θrɛt tɪ ðə ˈbætˌmæn. ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ðə tu proʊˈtægənəsts ənd ˌriəˈfərmɪŋ ðə ˈkɛrɪktər ɛz ə ˈvɛri ril θrɛt, ðɪs ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈʤoʊkər ˌɪnˈspaɪrz ˈɛvəri əˈpɪrəns əv ðə ˈkɛrɪktər tɪ ðɪs deɪ. 62 ˈbroʊkən ˈsɪti ˈbætˌmæn ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈfoʊkɪs əv ðɪs ˈstɔri riˈvɑlvz əraʊnd ðə ˈmərdər əv ə ˈwʊmən. ˈbætˌmæn biɪŋ ðə greɪt dɪˈtɛktɪv hi ɪz, ɪmˈbɑrks ɔn ə treɪl ɪn wɪʧ hi ɛmˈbreɪsɪz ˈsɛvərəl twɪsts ənd tərnz ənˈtɪl ˈfaɪnəli biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌti ðə ˈkəlprɪt bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈmərdər. ðə ˈstɔri ɪz ˌənprɪˈdɪktəbəl ənd kips ju ˈgɛsɪŋ ɔl ðə weɪ θru, wɪʧ ɪz ɪgˈzæktli wət ˈɛni ˈkɑmɪk fæn wɔnts tɪ hæv ɪn ə ˈkɑmɪk səʧ ɛz ðɪs. ˌkɛrɪktərɪˈzeɪʃən fər ˈbætˌmæn ɪz ənd ˈflɔləsli ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd. ðɪs ɪz ˈklæsɪk ˈbætˌmæn ðə dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈsɑlvɪŋ streɪnʤ ənd bɪˈzɑr ˈmərdər ˈkeɪsɪz wi ɔl noʊ ɪm tɪ bi. ðə ɑrt ɪz baɪ ɛdˈwɑrdoʊ ˈrɪsoʊ huz staɪl hir ɪz ˈvɛri neo-noir*. ɪts nɑt maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ɑrt aɪv ˈɛvər sin, bət aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈpərˌfɪkt fər ðɪs ˈkɑmɪk. ɪt sɛts ðə toʊn əv ðə ˈkɑmɪk ənd rɪˈflɛkts ðə dɑrk, ˈgrɪti fil ˈgɑθəm ˈsɪti ɪz noʊn fər. aɪ wʊd ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɪs ˈkɑmɪk tɪ ɔl ˈkɑmɪk fænz hu laɪk ə gʊd ˈmərdər ˈstɔri. ju kən pɪk ðɪs əp ənd ʤəmp raɪt ˈɪntu ɪt wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ hæv rɛd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls praɪər tɪ ɪt. ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ʃʊd bi ɪn ˈɛni ˈbætˌmæn fænz kəˈlɛkʃən. 63 ðə klaʊn æt ˈmɪdˌnaɪt ˈbætˌmæn 663 ə kˌwɪntɪˈsɛnʃəl ˈʤoʊkər teɪl ɔn pɑr wɪθ ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ ʤoʊk ˈstɔri ɪz juˈnik ɪn ðət ɪt ɪz ˈrɪtən ɛz ə ʃoʊz ˈʤoʊkərz nu ˈmərdərəs ɪkˈsplɔrz ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ˈsupər ˈsænəti ənd ɛndz hɪz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈhɑrli kwɪn. 64 ˈbætˌmæn ædˈvɛnʧərz: mæd ləv beɪst əv ðə əˈkleɪmd ˈbætˌmæn: ðə ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ˈsɪriz, ðɪs ˈspɛʃəl ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈhɑrli kwɪn, hu wɛnt ɔn ðə bɪˈkəm wən əv moʊst ˈpɑpjələr əˈpoʊnənts. ɪf ˈnəθɪŋ ɛls, ɪt ʃʊd bi ˌɪnˈkludɪd fər ðət. əˈsaɪd frəm ðət ju gɪt səm greɪt ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˈɪntu məˌnɪpjəˈleɪʃən tɛkˈniks ənd hɪz ˌdɛspərˈeɪʃɪn ɪn ˈhævɪŋ ðə ˈbætˌmæn ɔl tɪ hɪmˈsɛlf. 65 ˈmɔrtəl kleɪ, ləv bərd ˈbætˌmæn ˈænjuəl 11 ˈælən mʊr teɪks ən ənˈflɪnʧɪŋ lʊk ˈɪntu ðə maɪnd əv wən əv mɔr əbˈskjʊr foʊz, iii*. ˈprɛstən peɪn ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt ɛz ə ˈprɪti pəˈθɛtɪk ˈkɛrɪktər, bət hɪz ˈpeɪθɑs ˈriʧɪz nu haɪts əv ˈgreɪtnəs wɪθ ðɪs ˈstɔri. ɔn ðə ˈsərfəs, ðɪs ɪz ə ləv ˈstɔri, wən bɪtˈwin ə ˌsaɪˈkɑtɪk ˈmərdərər ənd ə ˈmænəkɪn. ɪt ˈfɑloʊz ɔl ðə ˈjuʒəwəl bits əv ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp gɔn bæd. peɪn ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ðə bləʃ əv nu ləv, ənd ðə ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl ˈpæʃən ðət ˈfɑloʊz. hɪz ˌmɑnjəˈmɛnəl ˌɪnsəˈkjʊrɪtiz, ðoʊ, lɛd tɪ ˈʤɛləsi, ˈmərdər, truθ, peɪn, lɔs, ənd ˈəltəmətli, ðə kaɪnd əv kəmˈpleɪsənsi wən ɪz rɪˈzaɪnd tɪ, wɪn ˈklɪŋɪŋ tɪ ə ˈləvləs ˈjunjən. ˈbætˌmæn ʃoʊz əp fər ðə ˈtræʤɪk fəˈnæli, bət ˈivɪn ðoʊ hɪz əˈpɪrəns ɪz ˈrɛləˌgeɪtɪd tɪ ə fju ˈpeɪʤɪz, ðə dɑrk naɪt həz hɪz oʊn ˈkɛrɪktər ɑrk tɪ ˈfɑloʊ. wən ðət siz ɪm pleɪ ðə fəˈmɪljər roʊl əv prəˈtɛktər, ðɛn kæst ɛz ðə ˈraɪvəl ɪn ðə aɪz əv hɪz dɪˈreɪnʤd foʊ, ənd ˈfaɪnəli, ðə ˈseɪvjər. ɪts ə ˈklæsɪk ˈælən mʊr ˈstɔri, ənd ə nis dip lʊk æt ə ˈbætˌmæn roʊg ðət, ˈsædli, ˈrɛrli gɪts ðə əˈtɛnʃən hi dɪˈzərvz. 66 ˈdɛvəlz ˈrɪdəl ə greɪt ˈkəmpəˌni ˈkrɔˌsoʊvər ˈfiʧərɪŋ mæt ˈwægnərz ˈɪndi ˈkɑmɪk greɪt, ˈgrɛndəl, ɪn ən ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ʧɛs mæʧ wɪθ ðə ˈbætˌmæn. ˈgrɛndəl meɪks fər ən ˈɔsəm ˈædvərˌsɛri fər ˈbætˌmæn. θroʊ ɪn səm strɔŋ ˈdaɪəˌlɔg, ˈstaɪlɪʃ ˈɑrtˌwərk, ənd wɛl dɪˈfaɪnd ˈkɛrɪktərz, ənd juv gɑt wən əv ðə ˈfaɪnəst ˈbætˌmæn "team-up*" bʊks ˈɛvər ˈkræftɪd. 67 ˈbætˌmæn: bərθ əv ðə ˈdimən ðɪs kəˈlɛkʃən prəˈvaɪdz ə lʊk æt ˈbætˌmæn ənd riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, əˈtɛmpts æt ˈfɑðərɪŋ ə ɛr, ənd ən ɪn dɛpθ lʊk ˈɪntu ðə ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃənz əv ðə mæn noʊn ðə wərld ˈoʊvər ɛz ðə ˈdimən hɛd 68 ˈbætˌmæn: ˈkætəˌklɪsəm ˈkætəˌklɪsəm ɪz ən ɪˈvɛnt ðət ʃʊk ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃənz əv ðə stæt kwoʊ, ənd ɪt ˈkəlməˌneɪtɪd ɪn wət ɪz ðə ɪˈvɛnt noʊn ɛz ðə "ˈbreɪkɪŋ əv ðə bæt", ɪn wɪʧ beɪn ɛndz əp ˈbreɪkɪŋ bæk, ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðə ˈlætər tɪ ˈsəmˈwət ˌriˈtaɪər ənd ˈvæli, tɪ bɪˈkəm ðə nu ˈbætˌmæn. 69 ˈbætˌmæn: geɪts əv ˈgɑθəm ðɪs ˈstɔri ɪz ə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈʤəmpɪŋ ɔn pɔɪnt fər sˈnaɪdərz rən ɔn ˈbætˌmæn ənd ɪz ˈpərˌfɪkt fər ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈlɪtəl ˈtɪdbɪts əˈbaʊt ˈhɪstəri ðət ˈivɪn ɛz fænz wi wər nɑt əˈwɛr əv. pləs, ɪt wɑz ə ˈwəndərfəl ˈpreɪˌlud tɪ wət brus naʊ ˈfeɪsɪz wɪθ ðə kɔrt əv aʊlz ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈbætˌmæn bʊks. ˈhaɪli ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd tɪ bi ən ɔl taɪm tɔp 100 aɪ seɪ! 70 ˈbætˌmæn: ɪn ˈdɑrkəst naɪt ðɪs ɪz ən ˈtaɪtəl ðət gɪvz ə hoʊl nu spɪn ɔn ðə ˈbætˌmæn ˈɔrəʤən ˈstɔri, ɔlˈbiɪt ən ərˈɪʤənəl wən wɪθ brus rɪˈsivɪŋ grin ˈlæntərn rɪŋ ˌɪnˈstɛd əv hæl ˈʤɔrdən. aɪ bɪˈliv ɪt ɪz ən ˈɛksələnt əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə tɔp 100 ɛz ə "wət ɪf" tɪ ɔl ðoʊz hu wʊd ˈwəndər wət kaɪnd əv ˌsupərˈhiroʊ ˈbætˌmæn wʊd bi hæd hi bɪˈkəm ə grin ˈlæntərn. 71 ˈbætˌmæn: naɪn lɪvz wən əv ðə moʊst ˈifɛktɪv ˈɛvər ˈrɪtən, ðɪs teɪl ˈfiʧərz ə dɪˈtɛktɪv neɪmd dɪk ˈgreɪsən ɔn ðə bit traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt hu kɪld ˈloʊkəl kɪt kæt kləb proprietress*, səˈlinə kaɪl. ðɪs ˈstɔri ˈmænɪʤɪz tɪ pleɪ ɔn waɪl kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈhoʊli nu. ðə nɔɪr toʊn ɪz ˈpərfəktli ˈkæpʧərd ənd ðə ˈɑrtˌwərk ɪz ˈstənɪŋli əˈproʊpriˌeɪt. ˈmɛni ˈsteɪpəl meɪk ən əˈpɪrəns ɪn wən weɪ ər əˈnəðər ɪn ðɪs ˈstɔri ðət meɪks mi ɪkˈstrimli glæd ðət ðə ˌɪmˈprɪnt ɪgˈzɪstəd fər ə taɪm. 72 ˈbætˌmæn: sɔrd əv ɪn ðɪs ˈsɪriz, wi ər fərst ˌɪntrəˈdust tɪ ˈvæli. ðɪs wʊd bi ðə əv ə ˈrɑki pæθ wɪʧ wʊd lɛd tɪ ðə ˈbreɪkɪŋ əv ðə bæt ənd bɪˈkəmɪŋ ðə nuəst dɑrk naɪt. 73 ˈkætˌwʊmən: bɪg skɔr aɪ ˈnɛvər ˌəndərˈstʊd ˈkɛrɪktər ənˈtɪl aɪ rɛd ðɪs. ɪt wɑz ˈvɛri slik, noirish*, ənd kəmˈplitli ˈfɪtɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈmɑdərn ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv səˈlinə kaɪlz ˈkɛrɪktər, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ə ˈwəndərfəl lʊk ˈɪntu hər maɪnd ɛz wɛl ɛz ə haɪst ˈstɔri ɛz wɛl. 74 ˈkætˌwʊmən: wɪn ɪn roʊm aɪ məst seɪ aɪ ˈhævənt rɛd ðət ˈmɛni ˈkætˌwʊmən bʊks, bət aɪ ˈrɪli ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ˈkætˌwʊmən: wɪn ɪn roʊm. ɪt həz ˈwəndərfəl ɑrt ənd ðə ˈstɔri ɪz ˈvɛri ˌɛnˈʤɔɪəbəl. ɪt faɪndz səˈlinə kaɪl ɛnˈtæŋgəld ɪn ən ədˈvɛnʧər ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ðə fɑlˈkoʊni kraɪm ˈfæməli, ðə ˈrɪdlər, ə blɑnd, ðə ˈʧitə, ˈʤoʊkər ˈvɛnəm ənd soʊ məʧ mɔr! ðɛr ər ə lɔt əv əmˈjuzɪŋ ˈmoʊmənts ɪn ðɪs ˈsɪriz. ˈivɪn biɪŋ ə ˈrɪdlər fæn aɪ ləv ɪt wɪn səˈlinə kɪks ɪm ɔf ə boʊt ˈɪntu ðə ˈhɑrbər. nis ədˈvɛnʧər. 75 kəˈlɪʒən aɪ ləv boʊθ ðə rɛd ˈrɑbɪn ənd ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈsɪriz. aɪ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðɪs tɪ gɪv ə nɑd tɪ boʊθ əv ðɛm ɛz ɪt ˌɪnˈkludz ə mini-crossover*. əˈbəv ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls ðiz ˈstɔriz ər fən. ðeɪ stænd əp ɛz tu əv ðə bɛst ˈɔriənˌteɪtɪd rənz, ənd soʊ dɪˈzərv ə pleɪs əp ðɛr. ˈɛvriˌwən ʃʊd rɛd ðə hoʊl rɛd ˈrɑbɪn ˈsɪriz ənd braɪən kju ˈmɪlərz. 76 ðə ˈlæfɪŋ fɪʃ! dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈkɑmɪks 475 ə ˈklæsɪk ˈstɔri wɪʧ hɛlpt tɪ sɪˈmɛnt ˈtaɪtəl ɛz 1 roʊg. ɪt wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈdæptɪd fər ˈbætˌmæn: ðə ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ˈsɪriz 77 həʃ bɪɔnd ˈbætˌmæn bɪɔnd ðə fərst ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ˈsɪriz aɪ ˈɛvər sɔ wɑz ˈbætˌmæn bɪɔnd ənd ðə fərst ˈgræfɪk ˈnɑvəl aɪ ˈɛvər rɛd wɑz həʃ. aɪ ləv boʊθ ˈstɔriz, soʊ ðə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv boʊθ ˈkɑnsɛpts ɪz ˈvɛri fən. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪt dɪz hæv ɪts fɔlts (fər ɛks: ɑrt wərk), ɪt ɪz ə nis weɪ tɪ stɑrt ən ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ ðə bɪɔnd ˈjunəˌvərs. 78 ˈʤoʊkər: læst læf ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈkɑnsɛpt ɪz ðɪs: ðə ˈʤoʊkər, ˈθɪŋkɪŋ hi ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ daɪ, riks ˈhævək əˈkrɔs ðə ˌdiˈsi ˈjunəˌvərs. aɪ ʤɪst ləv ðə aɪˈdiə əv ə ˌdiˈsi ˈjunəˌvərs. ɪts ʤɪst soʊ fən! 79 ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ɪˈvɛnts əv ənd knightquest*, brus weɪn kənˈsɪdərz rɪˈtaɪrɪŋ ðə ˈbætˌmæn pərˈsoʊnə bət ˈʧeɪnʤɪz hɪz maɪnd wəns hi siz ðə keɪɑs kɔzd baɪ ðə ˈbætˌmæn, ˈvæli. ðɪs ˈstɔri ɑrk ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ɛz brus daʊn ðə pæθ tɪ wəns əˈgɛn ərn ðə keɪp ənd kaʊl, bət ˈəndər ðə ˈgaɪdəns əv ˈleɪdi ˈʃivə. ðə sinz wɛr ˈbætˌmæn ˈfaɪnəli riˈgeɪnz ðə maɪnd əv ðə bæt, ənd wɪn ˈvæli rɪˈlisɪz ðə ˈmæntəl əv ðə bæt ər tu ˈvɛri ˈpaʊərfəl sinz ðət hæv steɪd ɪn ðə maɪndz əv ˈmɛni bat-fans*, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðɪs wən. 80 ˈlɛʤəndz ðə wərld həz tərnd ɪts bæk ɔn ɔl superhero's*. həz ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd hɪz moʊst ˌɪnˈsɪˌdiəs plæn ˈɛvər baɪ ˈtərnɪŋ ðə ˈpipəl ðə ˌsupərˈhiroʊz prəˈtɛkt əˈgɛnst ðə ˌsupərˈhiroʊz ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ðə ɑrk ɪz greɪt bət wən θɪŋ ðət stək mi əˈbaʊt ðɪs wɑz ˈbætˌmæn ənd ˈrɑbɪn. ˈrɑbɪn gɪts ˈbitən tɪ ə pəlp ənd ˈhɑspɪtəˌlaɪzd ənd ˈleɪtər gɪts hɪmˈsɛlf ə ˈʃɑtˌgən. ðɛr ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈrɑbɪn ˈwɔkɪŋ əraʊnd wɪθ ə ˈʃɑtˌgən ðət ʤɪst simz rɔŋ. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈstɔri ɑrk ðət lidz tɪ maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈʤəstɪs lig wɪθ ˈbætˌmæn ɪn kəˈmænd tɪ gaɪ ˈgɑrdnərz dɪsˈmeɪ. 81: jɪr wən, ðə fərst ˈrɑbɪn, həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ˈsəmˈwət æt ɑdz wɪθ hɪz ˈmɛnˌtɔr ˈæftər ˈlivɪŋ ɪm tɪ bɪˈkəm hɪz oʊn mæn. jɪr wən goʊz bæk tɪ hɪz ˈɔrəʤɪnz ənd əˈlaʊz ðə ˈridər tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd wət ðə ˈɛsəns əv ɪz ənd hɪz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ˈəðər ˈmɛmbərz əv hɪz "ˈfæməli". 82 rɛd hʊd: lɔst deɪz aɪ sɔ ðət ðə hood”*” wɑz ɔˈrɛdi ˈteɪkən soʊ aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈklud əˈnəðər fænˈtæstɪk ˈstɔri ˈfiʧərɪŋ ˈʤeɪsən tɑd wɪʧ fɪlz ɪn wət ɪgˈzæktli ˈhæpənd tɪ ɪm ɪn ðə taɪm bɪtˈwin ˈkəmɪŋ bæk tɪ laɪf ənd əˈsumɪŋ ðə ˈmæntəl əv rɛd hʊd. noʊ wən raɪts ˈʤeɪsən tɑd kwaɪt laɪk ʤəd ˈwɪnɪk. ˈʤeɪsən ˈsɛkənd laɪf ɪz wən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈmɑdərn əˈdɪʃənz tɪ ðə ˈbætˌmæn ˈstɔriˌlaɪnz. ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈstɔri ˈrɪli ɪˈstæblɪʃɪz ðə ˈtɛnjəwəs ˈmɛntəl steɪt əv ˈʤeɪsən tɑd wɪθ səm nis ɪn ðə ɛnd ˈsɛtɪŋ ðə steɪʤ fər ˈbætˌmæn həʃ. 83 ðə ˌrɛzərˈɛkʃən əv æl ðɪs ɪz ən ˈɔsəm, ˈtəʧɪŋ, ˈkreɪzi, ˈkɪˌkæs, ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt ˈfɑðərz ənd ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən. ˈælfrɪd, brus ənd dɪk ənd tɪm ənd ˈdeɪmiən, əv kɔrs, bət ˈɔlsoʊ əˈbaʊt æl,, ənd ə səˈpraɪz əˈdɪʃən æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈstɔri. ðə hɑrt əv ðə ˈstɔri dilz wɪθ ðə ˈrɑbənz hu duk ɪt aʊt ənd lərn tɪ wərk təˈgɛðər. ðoʊz bɔɪz hæv soʊ məʧ ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈbægɪʤ ðət ɪt meɪks fər ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈstɔri. θroʊ ɪn ðə lig əv əˈsæsənz, haɪərd hitmen*, ənd æl kwɛst fər ə ˈjəŋgər ˈvɛsəl fər hɪz ˈkɑnʃəsnəs ənd juv gɑt ˈjɔrsɛlf wən ˈkreɪzi raɪd. ɔn tɔp əv ɔl ðət, ðɛr ɪz ˈrumərd ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ðə ˈifɛkts əv ðɪs ˈstɔri tɪ bi sin ɪn ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈbætˌmæn ɪŋk. ˈstɔriˌlaɪn! 84 ˈrɪdəl mi ðət ˈbætˌmæn: ˈlɛʤəndz əv ðə dɑrk naɪt maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈrɪdlər ˈstɔri ənd ˈɑnəstli ˈkəmɪŋ frəm mi ðət minz ə ˈstɔri gɪvz ju ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ə ˈrɪdlər teɪl ʃʊd ˈmæstərˌmaɪnd hu ɪz nɑt əˈfreɪd tɪ gɪt ˈdərti ənd ðə bɛst pɑrt ˈrɪdlər ˈæˌkʧuəli wən ənd meɪd ə ful aʊt əv ˈoʊnli ðɛr wər mɔr kˈwɑləti ˈrɪdlər ˈstɔriz laɪk ðɪs. 85 ˈsikrɪt ˈɔrəʤɪnz ˈspɛʃəl ðɛr ər ə lɔt əv greɪt ˈɔrəʤən ˈstɔriz fər roʊgz. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ðə fərst ˈsɪriz əv ɪts kaɪnd tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə ˈwɪndoʊ ˈɪntu haʊ ðeɪ bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈkreɪziz ðeɪ ər təˈdeɪ nɔr wɪl ɪt bi ðə læst. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt ɪz wən əv maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt kəˈlɛkʃənz. ˈrɪtən baɪ nil ənd ˈælən grænt, əˈməŋ ˈəðərz, ðɪs ˈstɔri ɪgˈzæmənz penguin's*, ənd ˈɔrəʤɪnz ˈstɔriz. aɪ ˈrɪli laɪk ðɪs bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz fən waɪl stɪl biɪŋ ˌriəˈlɪstɪk. wɪn ɪz ə dɔr? 86 wən əv ðə ˈfaɪnəst pərˈdəkʃənz ˈɛvər ˈrɪtən! ðɪs ˈfiʧərz ˈbɑrbərə ˈgɔrdən ɪn ðə ˈspɑˌtlaɪt ɛz ə ˈwɛlθi ˈɛrəs ənd ðə ˈstəbərn, rɪˈbɛljəs ˈdɔtər əv ʤɪm ˈgɔrdən. sɛt ɪn ðə ˈtərbjələnt ˈæftər ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən əv ˌʤeɪˌɛfˈkeɪ, ˈbɑrbərə ˈgɔrdən bɪˈkəmz ə ˈvɛnʤəns ˈsikɪŋ ˌvɪʤəˈlænti ˈæftər ðə dɛθ əv hər ˈməðər (saʊnd fəˈmɪljər?). ʃi ɪz ʤɔɪnd baɪ hər ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd, ə ˈsərkəs ˈækrəˌbæt, hu faɪts baɪ hər saɪd (ju meɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ɪm tu)! tɪ rɪˈvil ˌɛniˈmɔr əv ðə plɑt wʊd bi tu spɔɪl ðə səˈpraɪz əv ən pərˈdəkʃən bət ðɛr ər ˈmɛni twɪsts ənd tərnz ɛz ənd ˈrɑbɪn ər θrəst ˈɪntu ðə ˈspɑˌtlaɪt wɪθ ˈbjutəfəl ləʃ ˈɑrtˌwərk baɪ dæn brereton*! 87 hu noʊz wət ˈivəl? ˈbætˌmæn 253 ðɪs ɪz ə ˈsɪmpəl "ˈbætˌmæn bəsts ˈkaʊnərˌfɪt rɪŋ" ˈstɔri. ər ɪt wʊd bi, ɪf nɑt fər ðə ˌɪnˈkluʒən əv ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊ. ɪts noʊ ˈsikrɪt ðət ðə kriˈeɪtərz əv ˈbætˌmæn wər ˈɪnfluənst baɪ ðə pəlp ædˈvɛnʧərz ɪn ˈkræftɪŋ ˈstɔriz. ɪn ðə 1970's*, ˌdiˈsi hæd ðə ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ raɪts tɪ ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊ. ɪt ʤɪst meɪd sɛns fər ðə ˈɪnfluəns tɪ mit ðə ˈɪnfluənst. ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˌmɪˈstɪrjəsli kips tɪ ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd fər moʊst əv ðə ˈɪʃu, ɛz wən wʊd ɪkˈspɛkt, bət æt ðə ˈvɛri ɛnd, ðə tu ˈaɪˌkɑnz ʃɛr ə ˈlɪtəl feɪs taɪm. ðə ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈklɪrli ˈpæsɪz ɔn ðə tɔrʧ tɪ ˈbætˌmæn, ˈteɪkɪŋ praɪd ɪn ðə əˈkɑmplɪʃmənts əv ðə ˈhɪroʊ hi hɛlpt tɪ ˌɪnˈspaɪr. ðə tu wʊd mit əˈgɛn ə fju mənθs ˈleɪtər, bət ðət ˈstɔri səkt æs. 88 læst ˈbætˌmæn ˈstɔri! ˈbætˌmæn 300 ˈdeɪvɪd vi. rid teɪks ðə ˈgoʊldən eɪʤ ˈbætˌmæn ˈrɑbɪn ɔn ə kərɪr ˈkæpɪŋ ədˈvɛnʧər, wən ðət faɪndz ðə ərˈɪʤənəl daɪˈnæmɪk ˈduoʊ ˈpɪtɪd əˈgɛnst ðə ˈsɪndɪkət tɪ ɛnd ɔl ˈsɪndɪˌkeɪts, ˈspɛktrəm. ɪts ən ədˈvɛnʧər ðət ˈkɛriz ɑr ˈhɪroʊz frəm ðə ˈgɑθəm ˈsɪti əv ðə fˈjuʧər, ɔl ðə weɪ əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri, wɪθ ə ˈditʊr ˈɪntu ˈaʊtər speɪs. əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ wi gɪt ˈtænəˌlaɪzɪŋ hɪnts tɪ ðə əˈvɛnʧuəl feɪts əv ˈklæsɪk roʊgz laɪk ˈʤoʊkər ənd two-face*, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˌɪnˈtrigɪŋ ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns əv ðə ˈrɪdlər, hɪz ˈfaɪnəl ˈpəzəl ənˈsɑlvd. ðə fəˈnæli faɪndz brus weɪn ˈkɑntəmˌpleɪtɪŋ ˈgɪvɪŋ əp ðə ˈmæntəl əv ðə ˈbætˌmæn. hiz dən ɔl wən mæn kən du, ənd lɪvd tɪ si ˈgɑθəm ˈsɪti ʧeɪnʤ ɪn weɪz hi ˈnɛvər kʊd hæv drimd. ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl fˈjuʧər lumz ˌbiˈfɔr ɪm, ənd ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈmɛrɪʤ tɪ ðə ˈwʊmən hi ləvz. rid livz ðə ˈɛndɪŋ æmˈbɪgjuəs, wɪθ weɪn ɔn ðə brɪŋk əv ə dɪˈsɪʒən əˈbaʊt hɪz fˈjuʧər, waɪl rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ɔn hɪz pæst. 89 ˈbætˌmæn ɪn ˈbɛθlɪˌhɛm ˈbætˌmæn 666 sɛt 15 jɪrz ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər, brus weɪn ɪz dɛd, dɪk ˈgreɪsən ɪz gɔn, ənd ˈælfrɪd ɪz ə kæt ˈlivɪŋ ˈdeɪmiən weɪn tɪ əˈsum ðə ˈmæntəl əv ˈbætˌmæn ɔl baɪ hɪmˈsɛlf. ðɪs fˌjuʧərˈɪstɪk rɑmp ɪz blik ənd ˈvaɪələnt ɛz wi si wən ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ðə ˈbætˌmæn ðət ˈdeɪmiən wʊd bɪˈkəm ˈoʊnli ə fju ˈɪʃuz ˈæftər ˈmitɪŋ ɪm fər ðə fərst taɪm. hi ɪz æt ɑdz wɪθ ðə ˈkɑrənt kəˈmɪʃənər ˈbɑrbərə ˈgɔrdən hu heɪts ɪm bɪˈkəz ʃi bɪˈlivz hi kɪld ə gʊd frɛnd. ˌɑrməˈgɛdən ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ fɔl əˈpɑn ˈgɑθəm æt ðə hænz əv ðə læst rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈmɛmbər əv goʊsts əv batman”*” hu kleɪmz ˈseɪtən hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz hɪz ˈfɑðər. ˈdeɪmiən ɪz nɑt hɪz ˈfɑðər ənd ædˈmɪtɪdli hi ɪz nɑt ɛz gʊd ɛz dɪk ˈgreɪsən ˈiðər, bət ˈdeɪmiən ɪz ənd soʊ hi steɪvz ɔf ˌɑrməˈgɛdən frəm ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ˈgɑθəm ɪn ðə ˈblədi ˈvaɪələnt ˈmænər ju wʊd ɪkˈspɛkt frəm ə ʧaɪld reɪzd ənd treɪnd boʊθ baɪ ðə lig əv əˈsæsənz ənd ðə ˈbætˌmæn. 90 ˈbætˌmæn: ˈhɑrli ənd ˈaɪvi jæ, aɪ noʊ ɪt ɪz nɑt ɛz dɑrk ɛz ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈəðər ˈʧɔɪsɪz ɔn ðə lɪst ənd aɪ ˈrɪli ˈwɔntɪd tɪ hæv ðə ˈkɪŋdəm kəm ʧɔɪs ˌɪnˈstɛd bət aɪ kʊd nɑt rɪˈzɪst ðɪs ʤɛm. ɪt ɪz nɑt ə ˈsɑləd ˈbætˌmæn ˈstɔri bət ðɪs ɪz ə lɪst əv ðə bɛst ˈstɔriz ɪn ðə ˈbætˌmæn ˈjunəˌvərs ənd aɪ ləv ðə rɪˈfrɛʃɪŋ ˈkɑmədi ðət ɪz brɔt aʊt ɪn ðə daɪˈnæmɪk əv ˈhɑrli ənd ˈaɪvi. ðeɪ ər greɪt ˈkɛrɪktərz təˈgɛðər. ˈsəmˌhaʊ wɪn kæt ˈwʊmən ɪz brɔt ɪn ðə mɪks ɪt ɪz nɑt ɛz gʊd bət ðɪs ɪz ə ˈwəndərfəl θri ˈɪʃu ˈsɪriz ənd aɪ bɪˈliv ɪt ɪz ə greɪt səˈlɛkʃən fər ðɪs ˈbætˌmæn ˈjunəˌvərs lɪst. 91 ˈbætˌmæn: əˈsaɪləm ˈbætˌmæn ɪz ə ˈbrɪljənt ˈkɛrɪktər, dɑrk, bət ˈɑnərəbəl, ðə bɛst ˈgɑθəm həz tu ˈkɑmbæt ðə ˈdɑrknəs ðət ɪt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn ˈmɛni weɪz, ɪts hɪz ˈgæləri ðət ɪz ðə moʊst kəmˈpɛlɪŋ pɑrt əv hɪz. əˈsaɪləm ɪz greɪt bɪˈkəz ɪt prəˈvaɪdz 5 ʃɔrt ˈlɪtəl lʊks ˈɪntu ðə lɪvz ənd maɪndz əv moʊst ˈædvərˌsɛriz. ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr aɪ ˈvælju ɪt ˈhaɪli fər ɪts ɪkˈspænʧən əv ˈaɪvi, ənd haʊ ɪt məˈʧʊrz hər ˈɔrəʤɪnz ənd ˈpərpəs wɪˈθɪn lɪv tɪ ˈsəmθɪŋ mɔr ˈdɛdli, ɔn pɑr wɪθ ðə laɪks əv tu feɪs, ˈʤoʊkər ənd ðə ˈpɛŋgwən. 92 ˈkraɪsəs ɔn ˈɪnfənət ərθs ˈkraɪsəs ɔn ˈɪnfənət ərθs wɑz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈstɔriˌlaɪn fər ɔl ˈkɛrɪktərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd, bət wɪθ ðə dɛθ əv ðə ˈgoʊldən eɪʤ ˈrɑbɪn ənd ðə ˈhəntrɪs, ɪt lɛft ən ˌɪnˈdɛlɪbəl mɑrk ɔn ðə ənd ˈləvərz əv ðiz ˈkɛrɪktərz. ɪt ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd səm ˈbjutəfəl ˈkɛrɪktər ˈmoʊmənts bɪtˈwin ənd ənd ʃoʊd ðə juˈmænɪti əv ˈbætˌmæn, ˈrɛləˌgeɪtɪd tɪ ˈbeɪsɪk kraʊd kənˈtroʊl wɪn feɪst wɪθ səʧ ə ˈsimɪŋli ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ ˈkɑzmɪk foʊ. ˈkraɪsəs ɪz ˈvɛri məʧ ə ˈstɔri ðət lɛft ɪts mɑrk ɔn ˈɛvəri ˈmɛmbər əv ðə bat-universe*, pæst, ˈprɛzənt ənd fˈjuʧər. 93 feɪs ðə feɪs ɪf ju æsk ə ˈkɑmɪks fæn hu ˈhɑrvi dɛnt ɪz, ˈʧænsɪz ər ðət ðɛl seɪ tu feɪs. ðæts nɑt ðə keɪs ɪn ðɪs ˈstɔri. ˈhɑrvi dɛnt həz nɑt ˈoʊnli bɪn rɪˈpɛrd boʊθ ˈfɪzɪkəli ənd ˈmɛnəli, bət wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈtɛktər wɪn ˈbætˌmæn ənd ˈrɑbɪn ər əˈweɪ. wɪn ˈbætˌmæn rɪˈtərnz tɪ ˈgɑθəm ənd ˈdəzənt ʃoʊ ˈhɑrvi ðə θæŋks ðət hi θɪŋks hi dɪˈzərvz, hi meɪ ʤɪst goʊ ˈoʊvər ðə ɛʤ. wɪθ ə θˈrɪlɪŋ ˈmɪstəri, ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl treɪlz fər brus, ˈhɑrvi, ənd tɪm, ənd səm ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈbætˌmæn, ðɪs ˈstɔri ɪz ə məst rɛd tɪ ɔl ˈbætˌmæn fænz. 94 fulz ˈɛrənd ˈrɑbɪn 85 ɪt ɪz frəm ðə ˈbætˌmæn daɪz ˈkrɔˌsoʊvər wɪʧ ˈmoʊstli wɛnt ˈəðərˌwaɪz ənˈnoʊtɪst baɪ ˈbætˌmæn fænz. ɪt wɑz ˈmoʊstli ə ˈprɪti wik stənt, bət ɪn ˈɪʃu 85 əv ˈrɑbɪn ðə ˈʤoʊkər lʊks bæk ɔn hɪz laɪf ənd ˈfɪgjərz ðət ðɛr məst bi ˈməltəpəl ˈrɑbənz ənd ɪf ðɛr ər ˈməltəpəl ˈrɑbənz ðət ðɛr məst bi ˈməltəpəl. ɪts ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ lʊk ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə maɪnd əv ðə ˈkɪlər ɛz hi ˈwəndərz əˈbaʊt ʤɪst haʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz hi həz kɪld ˈbætˌmæn 95 ˈərθli dɪˈlaɪts, sinz frəm ə wərk ɪn ˈprɑˌgrɛs ˈbætˌmæn ˈrɑbɪn 26 aɪ ˈskɛrsli noʊ wɛr tɪ bɪˈgɪn wɪθ ðɪs wən. ɪts ə teɪl ðət ʃeɪpt ðə ˈpɑsəbəl fˈjuʧər fər ɪn ðə ˌdiˈsi ˈjunəˌvərs. ɪt geɪv ɪm ə ˈʤoʊkər hu əˈvɔɪdz biɪŋ ə ʧip ˌɪməˈteɪʃən baɪ biɪŋ sɛlf əˈwɛr əv hɪz aɪˈdɛntəˌti ɛz ə ʧip ˌɪməˈteɪʃən. ˈdeɪvɪd haɪn tʊk səm əv ðə kɔr aɪˈdiəz əv ˈbætˌmæn, ənd riˈroʊt ðɛm ˈɪntu ə hoʊl nu wərld. ɪn fræns. əˈsaɪləm ɪz, ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən, ˈaʊtˈdən baɪ lə ˈʤɑrdɪn nɔɪr. ˈsərtənli ə ˈbreɪˌkaʊt æt ɪz ˈvɛri ˈvɛri ˈvɛri bæd, ənd ˈsərtənli ðə pleɪs ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəli ə wɛl əv saɪˈkoʊsəs; bət ðə ˈbreɪˌkaʊt əv ˈsɪmpli fɔr ˈɪnˌmeɪts frəm lə ˈʤɑrdɪn nɔɪr ˈkɔzɪz ðə ɪnˈtaɪər skoʊp əv ˌriˈæləˌti ɪn ˈpɛrɪs tɪ bi soʊ fɑr ˈfrækʧərd, ðət wɪˈθɪn tu deɪz, ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈsɪti wɑz dɪˈklɛrd ə dɪˈzæstər ˈɛriə. ɪt wɑz ʧɑk fʊl əv ˈdɑˌdɑ ˈsɪmbəˌlɪzəm, ənd kriˈeɪtɪd ˈudəlz əv pəˈtɛnʃəl fər ðə soʊ kɔld 'ˈbætˌmæn əv fræns.' 96 ˈmɪdˌnaɪt treɪn ˈbætˌmæn ˈkrɑnɪkəlz 1 ˌɔlˈðoʊ moʊst əv ðɪs ˈɪʃu ɪz ˈprɪti ˈɔrdəˌnɛri, ðɛr ɪz ə ˈbæˌkəp teɪl əv kəˈmɪʃənər ˈgɔrdən traɪɪŋ tɪ meɪk ɪt hoʊm ɔn ðə ˈsəbˌweɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt ɪz ˈhaɪˌʤækt baɪ gən ˈwildɪŋ θəgz. ðə ˌɪnˈkluʒən əv ðə ˈhəntrɪs ɪn gordons*' kwɛst tɪ riˈkleɪm ðə treɪn brɪŋz əp ˈmɛməriz ɪn ʤɪm əv wət ˈhæpənd tɪ ˈbɑrbərə, wɪn ðə ˈʤoʊkər ˈpɛrəˌlaɪzd hər. ə ˈsɪmpəl, ˈbjutəfli ˈrɪtən ənd ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd teɪl ðət gɪts tɪ ðə hɑrt ənd ðə juˈmænɪti əv ril prəˈtɛktər, ʤeɪmz ˈwərðɪŋtən ˈgɔrdən. 97 ˈbætˌmæn: sən əv ðə ˈdimən ðə ˈstɔri ʃoʊz ˈjuˈɛs riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ æl ənd. 98 ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈkɑmɪks 500 ("tɪ kɪl ə ˈlɛʤənd"): ðɪs wənz ˈrɪli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ. ˈbætˌmæn ˈhævɪŋ ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ stɑp hɪz ˈpɛrənts' ˈmərdər ɪz ˈvɛri ˌɪnˈtrigɪŋ ənd pleɪz aʊt ˈprɪti ˈiˌmoʊʃnəli ənd ˌriəˈlɪstɪkli. ˈɔlsoʊ, ɪt ˈfərðər goʊz tɪ ʃoʊ ʤɪst haʊ ˈdɛstɪnd brus wɑz tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈbætˌmæn, noʊ ˈmætər wət. ðɪs ɪz wət hi wɑz mɛnt tɪ du ənd wət ˈgɑθəm nidz ɪm tɪ du. 99 hæf ə laɪf ˈgɑθəm ˈsɛntrəl 6 10 ðə fərst ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv rəˈneɪ mɑnˈtɔɪə ənd ˈælən ˈɪntu ðə ˈsɪriz ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ðə fərst ɑrk əv grɛg ruckas*'. ðɪs wɑz ˌbiˈfɔr mɑnˈtɔɪə bɪˈkeɪm ðə kˈwɛʃən ənd ˈælən bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈspɛktər ənd wi si grɛg liv hɪz mɑrk ɔn boʊθ ˈkɛrɪktərz. ðə θruaʊt ðɪs ˈsɪriz ɔn ɔl ˈkɛrɪktərz ɪz ˈbrɪljənt, bət hæf ə laɪf ʃoʊz ɔf ðə ˈkræklɪŋ ˈdaɪəˌlɔg tɪ ɪts bɛst ənd ˈhaɪˌlaɪts mɑnˈtɔɪə ɪn ðə rɪˈvil əv hər ˈlɛzbiənɪzm, wɪʧ hæd bɪn kɛpt ə ˈsikrɪt əp ənˈtɪl ðɪs pɔɪnt. ðɪs ɑrk ʃoʊd ə nu məˈʧʊrəti tɪ ðə bæt ˈjunəˌvərs ənd ɪkˈspændɪd ðə bæt ˈjunəˌvərs ˈɪntu dip ənd dɑrk ˈkɔrnərz mɔr bɪˈfɪtɪŋ ə ˈeɪʧbiˈoʊ ʃoʊ ðən ə ˈkɑmɪk bʊk.
|
the trucks ran out of diesel and drivers didn't have money to refuel. each driver was handed cash for fuel, which is apparently over.
congress president sonia gandhi had flagged off these trucks new delhi on monday.
in a major embarrassment for the congress, trucks carrying relief material for flood victims, which were flagged off with much fanfare by party chief sonia gandhi and scion rahul gandhi on monday, are yet to reach the victims. the vehicles have, can you believe it, run out of diesel and are stranded in and dehradun.
according to reports, the trucks ran out of diesel and drivers didn't have money to refuel. each driver was handed cash for fuel, which is apparently over.
in a ceremony at the party headquarters in new delhi on monday, sonia gandhi had flagged off 24 trucks in addition to 125 carriers for the state.
taking a dig at congress over the mess, leader prakash said the party's seriousness towards the calamity can be understood from this incident. said no party should try to gain political mileage from the flood.
bjp president singh also attacked the congress for indulging in politics.
|
ðə trəks ræn aʊt əv ˈdizəl ənd ˈdraɪvərz ˈdɪdənt hæv ˈməni tɪ rifˈjuəl. iʧ ˈdraɪvər wɑz ˈhændɪd kæʃ fər fjuəl, wɪʧ ɪz əˈpɛrəntli ˈoʊvər. ˈkɑŋgrəs ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈsoʊnˌjɑ ˈgɑndi hæd flægd ɔf ðiz trəks nu ˈdɛli ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ. ɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər ɪmˈbɛrəsmənt fər ðə ˈkɑŋgrəs, trəks ˈkɛriɪŋ rɪˈlif məˈtɪriəl fər fləd ˈvɪktɪmz, wɪʧ wər flægd ɔf wɪθ məʧ ˈfænˌfɛr baɪ ˈpɑrti ʧif ˈsoʊnˌjɑ ˈgɑndi ənd saɪən rəˈhul ˈgɑndi ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, ər jɛt tɪ riʧ ðə ˈvɪktɪmz. ðə ˈviɪkəlz hæv, kən ju bɪˈliv ɪt, rən aʊt əv ˈdizəl ənd ər ˈstrændɪd ɪn ənd dehradun*. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrts, ðə trəks ræn aʊt əv ˈdizəl ənd ˈdraɪvərz ˈdɪdənt hæv ˈməni tɪ rifˈjuəl. iʧ ˈdraɪvər wɑz ˈhændɪd kæʃ fər fjuəl, wɪʧ ɪz əˈpɛrəntli ˈoʊvər. ɪn ə ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni æt ðə ˈpɑrti ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz ɪn nu ˈdɛli ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, ˈsoʊnˌjɑ ˈgɑndi hæd flægd ɔf 24 trəks ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ 125 ˈkɛriərz fər ðə steɪt. ˈteɪkɪŋ ə dɪg æt ˈkɑŋgrəs ˈoʊvər ðə mɛs, ˈlidər prɑˈkɑʃ sɛd ðə ˈpɑrtiz ˈsɪriəsnəs təˈwɔrdz ðə kəˈlæmɪti kən bi ˌəndərˈstʊd frəm ðɪs ˈɪnsədənt. sɛd noʊ ˈpɑrti ʃʊd traɪ tɪ geɪn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈmaɪlɪʤ frəm ðə fləd. ˈprɛzɪdənt sɪŋ ˈɔlsoʊ əˈtækt ðə ˈkɑŋgrəs fər ˌɪnˈdəlʤɪŋ ɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪks.
|
congratulations to bubba watson, # 44745, on winning his first major championship. it's fitting that he won here in augusta, the mecca of ball golf and disc golf, since he enjoys both hitting the links and hitting the chains.
he didn't have an easy time of it, though. it took a sudden death playoff with louis, 2010 british open champion, to decide who would take home the green jacket. both watson and took par on the first playoff hole and after they both faulted on their next drive, it came down to the short game.
oosthuizen caught a bit of luck off the tee and his errant shot caught some limbs and ended up just off the fairway. bubba wasn't as lucky and his ball rolled deep into the pinestraw. louis had a chance to capitalize, but shorted his stroke and sat five or six feet off the front of the green. now it seemed like bubba had a chance to be able to get out of trouble, then get up and down and continue the playoff. watson had other intentions. in sure bubba style, he was going after the pin. he played a huge hook just underneath a magnolia tree, hit the front left of the green and spun right to within ten feet of the cup. after's chip and, watson was left with only a of his own separating him from the prestigious green jacket. he nearly hit the long putt and then hit the short come backer to seal the deal.
what an amazing feat and jaw dropping drama. we can only hope for a similar showdown in disc golf's two big tournaments next weekend. disc golf planet will be broadcasting live from both the glass blown open in emporia, kansas and the national collegiate disc golf championships back here in augusta, georgia.
congratulations again to bubba! see you all out on the course, soon.
|
kənˌgræʧəˈleɪʃənz tɪ ˈbəbə ˈwɑtsən, 44745 ɔn ˈwɪnɪŋ hɪz fərst ˈmeɪʤər ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp. ɪts ˈfɪtɪŋ ðət hi wən hir ɪn əˈgəstə, ðə ˈmɛkə əv bɔl gɔlf ənd dɪsk gɔlf, sɪns hi ˌɛnˈʤɔɪz boʊθ ˈhɪtɪŋ ðə lɪŋks ənd ˈhɪtɪŋ ðə ʧeɪnz. hi ˈdɪdənt hæv ən ˈizi taɪm əv ɪt, ðoʊ. ɪt tʊk ə ˈsədən dɛθ pleɪɔf wɪθ luɪs, 2010 ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈoʊpən ˈʧæmpiən, tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd hu wʊd teɪk hoʊm ðə grin ˈʤækɪt. boʊθ ˈwɑtsən ənd tʊk pɑr ɔn ðə fərst pleɪɔf hoʊl ənd ˈæftər ðeɪ boʊθ ˈfɔltɪd ɔn ðɛr nɛkst draɪv, ɪt keɪm daʊn tɪ ðə ʃɔrt geɪm. kɔt ə bɪt əv lək ɔf ðə ti ənd hɪz ˈɛrənt ʃɑt kɔt səm lɪmz ənd ˈɛndɪd əp ʤɪst ɔf ðə ˈfɛrˌweɪ. ˈbəbə ˈwəzənt ɛz ˈləki ənd hɪz bɔl roʊld dip ˈɪntu ðə pinestraw*. luɪs hæd ə ʧæns tɪ ˈkæpətəˌlaɪz, bət ˈʃɔrtɪd hɪz stroʊk ənd sæt faɪv ər sɪks fit ɔf ðə frənt əv ðə grin. naʊ ɪt simd laɪk ˈbəbə hæd ə ʧæns tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ gɪt aʊt əv ˈtrəbəl, ðɛn gɪt əp ənd daʊn ənd kənˈtɪnju ðə pleɪɔf. ˈwɑtsən hæd ˈəðər ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz. ɪn ʃʊr ˈbəbə staɪl, hi wɑz goʊɪŋ ˈæftər ðə pɪn. hi pleɪd ə juʤ hʊk ʤɪst ˌəndərˈniθ ə mægˈnoʊljə tri, hɪt ðə frənt lɛft əv ðə grin ənd spən raɪt tɪ wɪˈθɪn tɛn fit əv ðə kəp. ˈæftər ʧɪp ənd, ˈwɑtsən wɑz lɛft wɪθ ˈoʊnli ə əv hɪz oʊn ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪm frəm ðə pərˈstiʤəs grin ˈʤækɪt. hi ˈnɪrli hɪt ðə lɔŋ pət ənd ðɛn hɪt ðə ʃɔrt kəm ˈbækər tɪ sil ðə dil. wət ən əˈmeɪzɪŋ fit ənd ʤɔ ˈdrɑpɪŋ ˈdrɑmə. wi kən ˈoʊnli hoʊp fər ə ˈsɪmələr ˈʃoʊˌdaʊn ɪn dɪsk gɑlfs tu bɪg ˈtərnəmənts nɛkst ˈwiˌkɪnd. dɪsk gɔlf ˈplænət wɪl bi ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ lɪv frəm boʊθ ðə glæs bloʊn ˈoʊpən ɪn ɛmˈpɔriə, ˈkænzəs ənd ðə ˈnæʃənəl kəˈliʤɪt dɪsk gɔlf ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps bæk hir ɪn əˈgəstə, ˈʤɔrʤə. kənˌgræʧəˈleɪʃənz əˈgɛn tɪ ˈbəbə! si ju ɔl aʊt ɔn ðə kɔrs, sun.
|
there are 26 achievements with a total of 300 points.
win a complete game of swarm without dying on medium or harder difficulty
complete the level of the campaign
win a game on each map in swarm on hard or insane difficulty (2)
kill an enemy by dropping on them (5)
win a ranked match in each map group in conquest (1)
complete the beasts level of the campaign
complete the answers level of the campaign
complete the campaign on any difficulty
defeat the vehicle engineer in the prejudice level of the campaign before he deploys a mech (5)
complete the campaign on hard difficulty (2)
earn each badge in ranked matches (8)
reach level 50 in ranked matches (9)
survive against the elimination (1)
purchase every vehicle and deployable (4)
participate in each successfully in ranked matches (3)
kill an enemy with each weapon type (1)
kill 3 enemies in a row with the machine gun without (4)
fatality an enemy with the knife (1)
kill an enemy by colliding with them while (1)
kill 10 enemies with the deployable aa turret (1)
dlc: overdrive map pack
price: $3.99 achievements: 3 points: 50
hack a control point within 30 seconds in assault. requires overdrive map pack.
win a ranked match on abaddon. requires overdrive map pack.
capture 20 control points in assault. requires overdrive map pack.
dlc: frontier colonies map pack
price: $3.99 achievements: 3 points: 50
complete a turn without losing a control point in assault. requires frontier colonies map pack.
win a ranked match on desolation. requires frontier colonies map pack. (4)
|
ðɛr ər 26 əˈʧivmənts wɪθ ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 300 pɔɪnts. wɪn ə kəmˈplit geɪm əv swɔrm wɪˈθaʊt daɪɪŋ ɔn ˈmidiəm ər ˈhɑrdər ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti kəmˈplit ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ðə kæmˈpeɪn wɪn ə geɪm ɔn iʧ mæp ɪn swɔrm ɔn hɑrd ər ˌɪnˈseɪn ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti 2 kɪl ən ˈɛnəmi baɪ ˈdrɑpɪŋ ɔn ðɛm 5 wɪn ə ræŋkt mæʧ ɪn iʧ mæp grup ɪn ˈkɑŋkwɛst 1 kəmˈplit ðə bists ˈlɛvəl əv ðə kæmˈpeɪn kəmˈplit ðə ˈænsərz ˈlɛvəl əv ðə kæmˈpeɪn kəmˈplit ðə kæmˈpeɪn ɔn ˈɛni ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti dɪˈfit ðə ˈviɪkəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr ɪn ðə ˈprɛʤədɪs ˈlɛvəl əv ðə kæmˈpeɪn ˌbiˈfɔr hi dɪˈplɔɪz ə mɛk 5 kəmˈplit ðə kæmˈpeɪn ɔn hɑrd ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti 2 ərn iʧ bæʤ ɪn ræŋkt ˈmæʧɪz 8 riʧ ˈlɛvəl 50 ɪn ræŋkt ˈmæʧɪz 9 sərˈvaɪv əˈgɛnst ðə ɪˌlɪməˈneɪʃən 1 ˈpərʧəs ˈɛvəri ˈviɪkəl ənd dɪˈplɔɪəbəl 4 pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn iʧ səkˈsɛsfəli ɪn ræŋkt ˈmæʧɪz 3 kɪl ən ˈɛnəmi wɪθ iʧ ˈwɛpən taɪp 1 kɪl 3 ˈɛnəmiz ɪn ə roʊ wɪθ ðə məˈʃin gən wɪˈθaʊt 4 fəˈtælɪti ən ˈɛnəmi wɪθ ðə naɪf 1 kɪl ən ˈɛnəmi baɪ kəˈlaɪdɪŋ wɪθ ðɛm waɪl 1 kɪl 10 ˈɛnəmiz wɪθ ðə dɪˈplɔɪəbəl eɪeɪ tərət 1 dlc*: ˈoʊvərˌdraɪv mæp pæk praɪs: əˈʧivmənts: 3 pɔɪnts: 50 hæk ə kənˈtroʊl pɔɪnt wɪˈθɪn 30 ˈsɛkəndz ɪn əˈsɔlt. rikˈwaɪərz ˈoʊvərˌdraɪv mæp pæk. wɪn ə ræŋkt mæʧ ɔn abaddon*. rikˈwaɪərz ˈoʊvərˌdraɪv mæp pæk. ˈkæpʧər 20 kənˈtroʊl pɔɪnts ɪn əˈsɔlt. rikˈwaɪərz ˈoʊvərˌdraɪv mæp pæk. dlc*: frənˈtɪr ˈkɑləniz mæp pæk praɪs: əˈʧivmənts: 3 pɔɪnts: 50 kəmˈplit ə tərn wɪˈθaʊt ˈluzɪŋ ə kənˈtroʊl pɔɪnt ɪn əˈsɔlt. rikˈwaɪərz frənˈtɪr ˈkɑləniz mæp pæk. wɪn ə ræŋkt mæʧ ɔn ˌdɛsəˈleɪʃən. rikˈwaɪərz frənˈtɪr ˈkɑləniz mæp pæk. 4
|
japan's broadcasting ethics and program improvement organization (bpo) watchdog group recently published viewer complaints from january, one stemming from an "extreme kiss scene" in a late-night television. the complaint reads, "there was an extreme kiss scene with high school students in a television. it was a late-night timeslot, but it's not the kind of content to broadcast on a [regular] airborne signal that anyone can easily view."
the complaint does not identify the, but some internet users believe it refers to an episode of wish that was broadcast in january. this may refer to a scene involving and in the second episode, which premiered on january 19.
bpo also published a complaint relating to a commercial for an game. the complaint expressed concern over purchases and drew a comparison to gambling. the complaint called for more caution when airing commercials during times when children are awake.
bpo has published complaints about many, and its regular report also included in august complaints about the game go and its portrayal in news programs. the published complaints include criticism of a scene in detective conan in which sushi is eaten off of a woman's body, the masturbation scene in mr. osomatsu, a scene involving "suggestive banana-eating" in watch, the violence in mobile suit gundam: orphans, and the main characters of being shown in swimsuits in the ending.
other to receive complaints published by in the past include owarimonogatari, shimoneta, maruko-chan, gintama, kan colle, yu-gi-oh! arc-v, the seven deadly sins, ga kill!, your lie in april, hunter x hunter, blood-c, alchemist, school days, magi, no ni,, and nana.
[via nijipoi]
|
ʤəˈpænz ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ ˈɛθɪks ənd ˈproʊˌgræm ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən (bpo*) ˈwɑʧˌdɔg grup ˈrisəntli ˈpəblɪʃt vjuər kəmˈpleɪnts frəm ˈʤænjuˌɛri, wən ˈstɛmɪŋ frəm ən "ɪkˈstrim kɪs sin" ɪn ə ˈleɪtˌnaɪt ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən. ðə kəmˈpleɪnt ridz, "ðɛr wɑz ən ɪkˈstrim kɪs sin wɪθ haɪ skul ˈstudənts ɪn ə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən. ɪt wɑz ə ˈleɪtˌnaɪt timeslot*, bət ɪts nɑt ðə kaɪnd əv ˈkɑntɛnt tɪ ˈbrɔdˌkæst ɔn ə [ˈrɛgjələr] ˈɛrˌbɔrn ˈsɪgnəl ðət ˈɛniˌwən kən ˈizəli vju." ðə kəmˈpleɪnt dɪz nɑt aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðə, bət səm ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈjuzərz bɪˈliv ɪt rɪˈfərz tɪ ən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd əv wɪʃ ðət wɑz ˈbrɔdˌkæst ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. ðɪs meɪ rɪˈfər tɪ ə sin ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ənd ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd, wɪʧ prɛˈmɪrd ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 19 ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpəblɪʃt ə kəmˈpleɪnt rɪˈleɪtɪŋ tɪ ə kəˈmərʃəl fər ən geɪm. ðə kəmˈpleɪnt ɪkˈsprɛst kənˈsərn ˈoʊvər ˈpərʧəsɪz ənd dru ə kəmˈpɛrəsən tɪ ˈgæmbəlɪŋ. ðə kəmˈpleɪnt kɔld fər mɔr ˈkɔʃən wɪn ˈɛrɪŋ kəˈmərʃəlz ˈdʊrɪŋ taɪmz wɪn ˈʧɪldrən ər əˈweɪk. həz ˈpəblɪʃt kəmˈpleɪnts əˈbaʊt ˈmɛni, ənd ɪts ˈrɛgjələr rɪˈpɔrt ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ˈɔgəst kəmˈpleɪnts əˈbaʊt ðə geɪm goʊ ənd ɪts pɔrˈtreɪəl ɪn nuz ˈproʊˌgræmz. ðə ˈpəblɪʃt kəmˈpleɪnts ˌɪnˈklud ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv ə sin ɪn dɪˈtɛktɪv ˈkoʊnən ɪn wɪʧ ˈsuʃi ɪz ˈitən ɔf əv ə ˈwʊmənz ˈbɑdi, ðə ˌmæstərˈbeɪʃən sin ɪn ˈmɪstər. osomatsu*, ə sin ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ "səˈʤɛstɪv banana-eating*" ɪn wɔʧ, ðə ˈvaɪələns ɪn ˈmoʊbəl sut gundam*: ˈɔrfənz, ənd ðə meɪn ˈkɛrɪktərz əv biɪŋ ʃoʊn ɪn sˈwɪmˌsuts ɪn ðə ˈɛndɪŋ. ˈəðər tɪ rɪˈsiv kəmˈpleɪnts ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ɪn ðə pæst ˌɪnˈklud owarimonogatari*, shimoneta*, maruko-chan*, gintama*, kæn koʊl, yu-gi-oh*! arc-v*, ðə ˈsɛvən ˈdɛdli sɪnz, ˈʤɔrʤə kɪl!, jʊr laɪ ɪn ˈeɪprəl, ˈhəntər ɛks ˈhəntər, blood-c*, ˈælkɛˌmɪst, skul deɪz, ˈmeɪʤaɪ, noʊ ni,, ənd ˈnænə. [ˈviə nijipoi*]
|
story highlights the children ages 2 and 5 made noises and moved frantically
bystanders instructed one of them to open emergency latch
(cnn) a woman is facing child abuse charges after she locked her two children in the trunk of her car while she shopped at a walmart in utah, police say.
tori lee castillo, 39, was arrested after she returned to the car. her children, ages 2 and 5, were taken by the division of child and family services and handed over to a responsible party, riverdale city police department said in a statement.
police said they received a call thursday after a witness saw the woman stuff the children in the trunk and leave her car at a parking lot.
"the small children ... began making noise and moving frantically, causing the vehicle to shake," police said. "several good samaritans observed this and came to the aid of the children."
bystanders coached the on how to open the trunk using the emergency latch in it, authorities say.
read more
|
ˈstɔri ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ðə ˈʧɪldrən ˈeɪʤɪz 2 ənd 5 meɪd ˈnɔɪzɪz ənd muvd ˈfrænəkəli ˈbaɪˌstændərz ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd wən əv ðɛm tɪ ˈoʊpən ˈimərʤənsi læʧ (ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn) ə ˈwʊmən ɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ʧaɪld əˈbjuz ˈʧɑrʤɪz ˈæftər ʃi lɑkt hər tu ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ðə trəŋk əv hər kɑr waɪl ʃi ʃɑpt æt ə ˈwɔlˌmɑrt ɪn ˈjuˌtɔ, pəˈlis seɪ. ˈtɔri li ˌkæˈstɪloʊ, 39 wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ˈæftər ʃi rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðə kɑr. hər ˈʧɪldrən, ˈeɪʤɪz 2 ənd 5 wər ˈteɪkən baɪ ðə dɪˈvɪʒən əv ʧaɪld ənd ˈfæməli ˈsərvɪsɪz ənd ˈhændɪd ˈoʊvər tɪ ə riˈspɑnsəbəl ˈpɑrti, ˈrɪvərˌdeɪl ˈsɪti pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. pəˈlis sɛd ðeɪ rɪˈsivd ə kɔl ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈæftər ə ˈwɪtnəs sɔ ðə ˈwʊmən stəf ðə ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ðə trəŋk ənd liv hər kɑr æt ə ˈpɑrkɪŋ lɔt. "ðə smɔl ˈʧɪldrən bɪˈgæn ˈmeɪkɪŋ nɔɪz ənd ˈmuvɪŋ ˈfrænəkəli, ˈkɔzɪŋ ðə ˈviɪkəl tɪ ʃeɪk," pəˈlis sɛd. "ˈsɛvərəl gʊd səˈmɛrɪtənz əbˈzərvd ðɪs ənd keɪm tɪ ðə eɪd əv ðə ˈʧɪldrən." ˈbaɪˌstændərz koʊʧt ðə ɔn haʊ tɪ ˈoʊpən ðə trəŋk ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈimərʤənsi læʧ ɪn ɪt, əˈθɔrətiz seɪ. rɛd mɔr
|
the obama administration cannot be sure of the whereabouts of thousands of foreigners in the u.s. who had their visas revoked over terror concerns and other reasons, a state department official acknowledged thursday.
the admission, made at a house oversight hearing examining immigrant vetting in the wake of major terror attacks, drew a sharp rebuke from the committee chairman.
“you have a clue do you?” rep. jason, r-utah, told michele thoren bond, assistant secretary for the bureau of consular affairs.
bond initially said the u.s. has revoked more than visas since 2001, including because of the threat of terrorism.
but quickly pried at that stat, pressing the witness about the present location of those individuals.
"i don't know," she said.
the startling admission came as members of the committee pressed administration officials on what safeguards are in place to reduce the risk from extremists.
at issue is how closely the u.s. government examines the background of people seeking entry to the country, including reviews of their social media postings.
leon rodriguez, director of u.s. citizenship and immigration services, told committee members that such checks aren't being done in an abundant manner, and he was not specific about when or how it would occur.
lawmakers are trying to ascertain which safeguards are in place to ensure that extremists are not exploiting a variety of legal paths to travel to the united states.
one of the san bernardino, calif., shooters came to the u.s. on a fiancee visa last year despite the fact that the fbi believed she was already radicalized.
tashfeen malik came to the u.s. on a fiance visa in july 2014 and passed multiple background checks and at least two interviews, one in pakistan and another after she married syed. fbi director james has said malik and communicated privately online about jihad and martyrdom before they married.
lawmakers at times angrily pressed officials on why even public social media wouldn't routinely be looked at for vetting those trying to enter the country.
"if half the employers are doing it in the united states of america, if colleges are doing it for students, why wouldn't homeland security do it?" said rep. stephen lynch, d-mass. "we don't even look at their public stuff, that's what kills me."
dhs did launch three pilot programs specifically aimed at reviewing social media postings as part of the immigration vetting process.
"there is less there that is actually of screening value than you would expect, at least in small early samples, some things seem more ambiguous than clear," rodriguez told lawmakers thursday. he said foreign frequently used in social media posts were a challenge to translate.
"we all continue to believe there's a potential for there to be information of screening value ... particularly in high risk environments," he added.
both and the state department are reviewing the process for vetting visa applications, including the program, and have been directed by the white house to create specific recommendations for improvements.
dhs is specifically reviewing policies on when authorities at u.s. citizenship and immigration services can look at social media posts as part of the process for evaluating applications for certain visas.
"there are some legal limits to what we can do," homeland security secretary johnson said wednesday. he added that he thinks reviews of social media should be done more often, but did not provide specifics.
during his opening remarks, said: "it is unclear how someone who so openly discussed her hatred of our country and way of life could easily pass three background checks. we need to understand how the breakdown happened with malik and what we are doing to make sure it doesn't happen again."
lawmakers have also pressed for changes to the visa waiver program, which allows many citizens from 38 countries to travel to the united states without being subjected to the interview required to receive a visa. many fear that foreign fighters who carry western passports will be able to exploit that system to travel freely to the united states.
earlier this month the house voted overwhelmingly to tighten controls on that program and require visas for anyone who has been to iraq or syria in the last five years. security changes to the program were also included in the senate version of a massive spending bill expected to be approved later this week.
the associated press contributed to this report.
|
ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈkænɑt bi ʃʊr əv ðə ˈwɛrəˌbaʊts əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈfɔrənərz ɪn ðə juz. hu hæd ðɛr ˈvizəz rɪˈvoʊkt ˈoʊvər ˈtɛrər kənˈsərnz ənd ˈəðər ˈrizənz, ə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt əˈfɪʃəl ækˈnɑlɪʤd ˈθərzˌdeɪ. ðə ədˈmɪʃən, meɪd æt ə haʊs ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt ˈhirɪŋ ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ˈɪməgrənt ˈvɛtɪŋ ɪn ðə weɪk əv ˈmeɪʤər ˈtɛrər əˈtæks, dru ə ʃɑrp rɪˈbjuk frəm ðə kəˈmɪti ˈʧɛrmən. hæv ə klu du you?”*?” rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ˈʤeɪsən, r-utah*, toʊld mɪˈʃɛl ˈθɔrən bɑnd, əˈsɪstənt ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri fər ðə ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˈkɑnsələr əˈfɛrz. bɑnd ˌɪˈnɪʃəli sɛd ðə juz. həz rɪˈvoʊkt mɔr ðən ˈvizəz sɪns 2001 ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ bɪˈkəz əv ðə θrɛt əv ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm. bət kˈwɪkli praɪd æt ðət stæt, ˈprɛsɪŋ ðə ˈwɪtnəs əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɛzənt loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ðoʊz ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz. "aɪ doʊnt noʊ," ʃi sɛd. ðə ˈstɑrtlɪŋ ədˈmɪʃən keɪm ɛz ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə kəˈmɪti prɛst ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əˈfɪʃəlz ɔn wət ˈseɪfˌgɑrdz ər ɪn pleɪs tɪ rɪˈdus ðə rɪsk frəm ɪkˈstriməsts. æt ˈɪʃu ɪz haʊ ˈkloʊsli ðə juz. ˈgəvərnmənt ɪgˈzæmənz ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd əv ˈpipəl ˈsikɪŋ ˈɛntri tɪ ðə ˈkəntri, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ rəvˈjuz əv ðɛr ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈpoʊstɪŋz. liɑn rɑˈdrigɛz, dɪˈrɛktər əv juz. ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp ənd ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈsərvɪsɪz, toʊld kəˈmɪti ˈmɛmbərz ðət səʧ ʧɛks ˈɑrənt biɪŋ dən ɪn ən əˈbəndənt ˈmænər, ənd hi wɑz nɑt spɪˈsɪfɪk əˈbaʊt wɪn ər haʊ ɪt wʊd əˈkər. ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ər traɪɪŋ tɪ ˌæsərˈteɪn wɪʧ ˈseɪfˌgɑrdz ər ɪn pleɪs tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ɪkˈstriməsts ər nɑt ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtɪŋ ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈligəl pæθs tɪ ˈtrævəl tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. wən əv ðə sæn ˌbərnɑrˈdinoʊ, ˈkælɪf., ˈʃutərz keɪm tɪ ðə juz. ɔn ə fiˈænsi ˈvizə læst jɪr dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ bɪˈlivd ʃi wɑz ɔˈrɛdi ˈrædɪkəˌlaɪzd. ˈmælɪk keɪm tɪ ðə juz. ɔn ə ˌfiˌɑnˈseɪ ˈvizə ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2014 ənd pæst ˈməltəpəl ˈbækˌgraʊnd ʧɛks ənd æt list tu ˈɪntərvˌjuz, wən ɪn ˈpækɪˌstæn ənd əˈnəðər ˈæftər ʃi ˈmɛrid saɪd. ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ dɪˈrɛktər ʤeɪmz həz sɛd ˈmælɪk ənd kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪd ˈpraɪvətli ˈɔnˌlaɪn əˈbaʊt ˈʤihɑd ənd ˈmɑrtərdəm ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ ˈmɛrid. ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz æt taɪmz ˈæŋgrəli prɛst əˈfɪʃəlz ɔn waɪ ˈivɪn ˈpəblɪk ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈwʊdənt ruˈtinli bi lʊkt æt fər ˈvɛtɪŋ ðoʊz traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈɛnər ðə ˈkəntri. "ɪf hæf ðə ɪmˈplɔɪərz ər duɪŋ ɪt ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əv əˈmɛrɪkə, ɪf ˈkɑlɪʤɪz ər duɪŋ ɪt fər ˈstudənts, waɪ ˈwʊdənt ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti du ɪt?" sɛd rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ˈstivən lɪnʧ, d-mass*. "wi doʊnt ˈivɪn lʊk æt ðɛr ˈpəblɪk stəf, ðæts wət kɪlz mi." dɪd lɔnʧ θri ˈpaɪlət ˈproʊˌgræmz spəˈsɪfɪkli eɪmd æt rivˈjuɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈpoʊstɪŋz ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈvɛtɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs. "ðɛr ɪz lɛs ðɛr ðət ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli əv ˈskrinɪŋ ˈvælju ðən ju wʊd ɪkˈspɛkt, æt list ɪn smɔl ˈərli ˈsæmpəlz, səm θɪŋz sim mɔr æmˈbɪgjuəs ðən klɪr," rɑˈdrigɛz toʊld ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ˈθərzˌdeɪ. hi sɛd ˈfɔrən ˈfrikwɛntli juzd ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə poʊsts wər ə ˈʧælənʤ tɪ trænzˈleɪt. "wi ɔl kənˈtɪnju tɪ bɪˈliv ðɛrz ə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər ðɛr tɪ bi ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ˈskrinɪŋ ˈvælju ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn haɪ rɪsk ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts," hi ˈædɪd. boʊθ ənd ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ər rivˈjuɪŋ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs fər ˈvɛtɪŋ ˈvizə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈproʊˌgræm, ənd hæv bɪn dɪˈrɛktɪd baɪ ðə waɪt haʊs tɪ kriˈeɪt spɪˈsɪfɪk ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃənz fər ˌɪmˈpruvmənts. ɪz spəˈsɪfɪkli rivˈjuɪŋ ˈpɑləsiz ɔn wɪn əˈθɔrətiz æt juz. ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp ənd ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈsərvɪsɪz kən lʊk æt ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə poʊsts ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs fər ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ˈsərtən ˈvizəz. "ðɛr ər səm ˈligəl ˈlɪmɪts tɪ wət wi kən du," ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤɑnsən sɛd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. hi ˈædɪd ðət hi θɪŋks rəvˈjuz əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ʃʊd bi dən mɔr ˈɔfən, bət dɪd nɑt prəˈvaɪd spɪˈsɪfɪks. ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈoʊpənɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks, sɛd: "ɪt ɪz ənˈklɪr haʊ ˈsəmˌwən hu soʊ ˈoʊpənli dɪˈskəst hər ˈheɪtrəd əv ɑr ˈkəntri ənd weɪ əv laɪf kʊd ˈizəli pæs θri ˈbækˌgraʊnd ʧɛks. wi nid tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ ðə ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn ˈhæpənd wɪθ ˈmælɪk ənd wət wi ər duɪŋ tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ɪt ˈdəzənt ˈhæpən əˈgɛn." ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz hæv ˈɔlsoʊ prɛst fər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈvizə ˈweɪvər ˈproʊˌgræm, wɪʧ əˈlaʊz ˈmɛni ˈsɪtɪzənz frəm 38 ˈkəntriz tɪ ˈtrævəl tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɪˈθaʊt biɪŋ səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ ðə ˈɪntərvˌju rikˈwaɪərd tɪ rɪˈsiv ə ˈvizə. ˈmɛni fɪr ðət ˈfɔrən ˈfaɪtərz hu ˈkɛri ˈwɛstərn ˈpæˌspɔrts wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌɛkˈsplɔɪt ðət ˈsɪstəm tɪ ˈtrævəl ˈfrili tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ ðə haʊs ˈvoʊtɪd ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋli tɪ ˈtaɪtən kənˈtroʊlz ɔn ðət ˈproʊˌgræm ənd ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈvizəz fər ˈɛniˌwən hu həz bɪn tɪ ˌɪˈrɑk ər ˈsɪriə ɪn ðə læst faɪv jɪrz. sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈproʊˌgræm wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈvərʒən əv ə ˈmæsɪv ˈspɛndɪŋ bɪl ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi əˈpruvd ˈleɪtər ðɪs wik. ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt.
|
the season of holidays, shopping lists, and is upon us. here at science, in keeping with tradition, our news writers and editors are getting ready to unveil the “breakthrough of the year”: their choice of the most momentous scientific discovery, development, or trend of 2016, to be announced when the last issue of the year goes online on 22 december. also choose 9 and will highlight “areas to watch”: important developments likely to pay off next year.
but no need to can get in on the action now! pick your favorite breakthrough from the list below by sunday, december 4. then check back next be doing a second voting round with your 5 finalists to pick the official winner. we'll announce the people's choice selection, along with our editors' pick, on december 22.
which breakthrough will you choose? cast your vote today!
|
ðə ˈsizən əv ˈhɑləˌdeɪz, ˈʃɑpɪŋ lɪsts, ənd ɪz əˈpɑn ˈjuˈɛs. hir æt saɪəns, ɪn ˈkipɪŋ wɪθ trəˈdɪʃən, ɑr nuz ˈraɪtərz ənd ˈɛdɪtərz ər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈrɛdi tɪ ənˈveɪl ðə əv ðə year”*”: ðɛr ʧɔɪs əv ðə moʊst moʊˈmɛntəs ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˌdɪˈskəvri, dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ər trɛnd əv 2016 tɪ bi əˈnaʊnst wɪn ðə læst ˈɪʃu əv ðə jɪr goʊz ˈɔnˌlaɪn ɔn 22 dɪˈsɛmbər. ˈɔlsoʊ ʧuz 9 ənd wɪl ˈhaɪˌlaɪt tɪ watch”*”: ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt dɪˈvɛləpmənts ˈlaɪkli tɪ peɪ ɔf nɛkst jɪr. bət noʊ nid tɪ kən gɪt ɪn ɔn ðə ˈækʃən naʊ! pɪk jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈbreɪkθˌru frəm ðə lɪst bɪˈloʊ baɪ ˈsənˌdi, dɪˈsɛmbər 4 ðɛn ʧɛk bæk nɛkst bi duɪŋ ə ˈsɛkənd ˈvoʊtɪŋ raʊnd wɪθ jʊr 5 ˈfaɪnəlɪsts tɪ pɪk ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈwɪnər. wɪl əˈnaʊns ðə ˈpipəlz ʧɔɪs səˈlɛkʃən, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ɑr ˈɛdɪtərz' pɪk, ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 22 wɪʧ ˈbreɪkθˌru wɪl ju ʧuz? kæst jʊr voʊt təˈdeɪ!
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.