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it’s been aetty crazy week :)
we released a new trailer and announced the steam early access launch date (scroll a bit further down if you missed it!). reactions to that have been really positive, and woah did we get a lot of reactions! we’ve been really busy answering questions about the game all over the internet. add to that the release ofe-alpha 9 and all the feedback for that and you can imagine there’s been a lot going on.
the remaining time this week was spent on getting the giga coaster into the game that you might have seen garret model during one of ourevious monthly art livestreams:
it can go higher and steeper than any other coaster in the game currently (although we’llobably enable the steeper slopes for some of the other coasters too).
the coaster support code had to be a bit updated for it to allow these square supports and the angled ones that are slightly offset from the top, and after a certain height it turns off the angled side supports entirely. some of the older coasters should benefit from these changes too.
while i was already working on supports anyways, ground-level tracks finally spawn supports if you terraform below them as you’d expect:
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kərun həz kəm ə lɔŋ weɪ frəm biɪŋ ə kɪd æt ənd kɑz ˈreɪsɪŋ əraʊnd ˈɛrˌfildz ɪn ˈʧɛˌnaɪ, ˈɪndiə. bət ˈivɪn ðoʊ hiz naʊ ðə ˈkəntriz ˌənəˈfɪʃəl ˈfɔrmjələ wən æmˈbæsədər, hiz ə fərm bɪˈlivər ðət ˈreɪsɪŋ ˈdraɪvərz hæv tɪ bərst aʊt əv ðə ˈbəbəl əv ðə ˈpædək kərun ɪz ˈoʊnli ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈɪndiən ˈdraɪvər tɪ ˈɛvər reɪs ɪn ˈfɔrmjələ wən ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ rɪˈleɪtɪd lɪŋks ˈdraɪvərz: kərun timz: tim ˈloʊtəs ɪts kwaɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ˈpipəl ɪn ˈjʊrəp tɪ əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ʤɪst haʊ ˈtrɪki ɪt məst hæv bɪn fər ə bɔɪ frəm ˈɪndiə tɪ meɪk hɪz weɪ ɪn ˈmoʊtər ˈreɪsɪŋ. kən ju ɪkˈspleɪn haʊ ju gɑt ˈstɑrtɪd? ɪn ˈɪndiə aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ɔf ɪn ə smɔl ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp kɔld ˈfɔrmjələ mərˈuti, wɪʧ wɑz ə ˈlɪtəl ˈsɪŋgəl ˈsitər kɑr, ˈbeɪsɪkli ə bɪg wɪθ gɪrz. ðət wɑz ɔl wi hæd æt ðə taɪm ɛz ən ˈnæʃənəl ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp. təˈdeɪ ɪts ə bɪt ˈdɪfərənt; wi hæv ə fju ˈdɪfərənt ˈsɪriz ðət kɪdz kən du bət bæk ðɛn mərˈuti wɑz wət ju hæd tɪ reɪs ɪn. ˈæftər ðət aɪ muvd ɔn tɪ ˈreɪsɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈfɔrmjələ 2000 ˈeɪʒə ˈsɪriz ɪn 2001 ənd ðət wɑz maɪ fərst ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪkˈspɪriəns. wi reɪst ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz, æt θri ˈdɪfərənt ˈsərkəts ɪn məˈleɪʒə, ənd ɪn ˈtaɪˌlænd ənd ˈʧaɪnə. aɪ wɑz 17 wɪn aɪ dɪd ðət. ɪt wɑz kwaɪt ə gʊd ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ənd ɪt wɑz kwaɪt ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ jɪr. wɪn ju wər ˈreɪsɪŋ ɪn ˈɪndiə wət ˈsərkəts dɪd ju reɪs ɔn? ðɛr wɑz ʤɪst wən, ɪn ˈʧɛˌnaɪ, ðə ˈsərkət. ðɛr wɑz ə ʃɔrt ˈsərkət ənd ə lɔŋ ˈsərkət ˈvərʒən ənd ðət wɑz ɪt. ðə hoʊl ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp wɑz ɔn ðət wən træk. ɪt wɑz ə ˈdisənt ɪˈnəf fild, ðoʊ, əv ˈmeɪbi əˈbaʊt 20 ˈdraɪvərz. wɑz ðə ˈfɔrmjələ mərˈuti ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ju reɪst ɪn ə prəˈvɪnʃəl ˈsɪriz? noʊ. ju hæv tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ðə ˈmædrəs ˈsərkət wɑz ˈoʊpənd ɪn 1989 ənd ˈoʊnli ɪn 2003 dɪd wi gɪt ə ˈsɛkənd ˈsərkət, wɪʧ ɪz ɪn coimbatore*, wɪʧ ɪz wɛr [karthikeyan*] ɪz frəm. bət ðeɪ ər boʊθ ˈsɪtiz ɪn ðə seɪm steɪt, ˈtæmɪl nadu*, ðə ˈsəðərnˌmoʊst steɪt əv ˈɪndiə. soʊ, frəm 89 ənˈtɪl 2003 ˈʧɛˌnaɪ wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli træk ɪn ˈɪndiə. ɪts ˈoʊnli naʊ ðət wi hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn ðə nɔrθ, ɪn ˈdɛli. ˈɛniˌwən hu ˈwɔntɪd tɪ reɪs, ɪn ðə hoʊl əv ˈɪndiə, hæd tɪ kəm daʊn saʊθ. wət wɑz ðə kənˈstɪʧuənsi laɪk fər ˈmoʊtər ˈreɪsɪŋ wɪn ju wər groʊɪŋ əp? dɪd ju fil laɪk ə bɪt əv ən aʊtˈsaɪdər əˈməŋ jʊr pɪrz fər biɪŋ ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ɪt? nɑt ˈrɪli. ɪn ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp wi hæd grɪdz əv əˈbaʊt 20 kɑz, soʊ ðoʊz wər ðə ˈpipəl ju ʃɛrd jʊr ˈpæʃən fər wɪθ. ənd təˈdeɪ wi hæv tu greɪdz əv ˈfɔrmjələ ˈkætəˌgɔri ənd tu səˈlun kɑr ˈkætəˌgɔriz ənd ðeɪv ɔl gɑt grɪdz əv 20 kɑz ər mɔr. fər mi, groʊɪŋ əp, ðɛr wɑz ˈnɛvər ˈɛni ˈfilɪŋ əv biɪŋ ðə ɑd wən aʊt bɪˈkəz maɪ dæd wɑz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn, ɛz wɑz maɪ ˈgrænˌfɑðər. aɪ ˈdɪdənt kɛr əˈbaʊt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls. ə lɔt əv maɪ ˈfæməli ənd maɪ ˈfæməliz frɛndz frəm ðə wər ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn. maɪ ˈfɑðər hæd ə lɔt əv frɛndz hu wər ɪn ðə ˈbɪznɪs. aɪ hæd ˈplɛnti əv ˈpipəl tɪ tɔk wɪθ. dɪd ju fil ðət ju wər dɪˈrɛktɪd təˈwɔrdz baɪ jʊr ˈfæməliz ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt? ər wɑz ɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ ju hæd ə ˈpæʃən fər frəm ə jəŋ eɪʤ? maɪ ˈfæməli ˈnɛvər fɔrst ˈjuˈɛs tɪ du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ wi ˈdɪdənt wɔnt tɪ du. wɪr kwaɪt ˈlɪˌbərəl ðət weɪ. maɪ ˈbrəðər həz ˌæbsəˈlutli noʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ər æt ɔl. hiz ə kləb ˈlɛvəl ənd hi ˈɔlsoʊ rənz hɪz oʊn ˈkəmpəˌni. maɪ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈɑbviəsli kəmz frəm ðə ˈfæməli ənd ˈɑbviəsli ðeɪ wər ə juʤ ˈɪnfluəns ɔn mi bət ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ goʊ ˈreɪsɪŋ wɑz ˈpjʊrli maɪn. wət kaɪnd əv kɑz dɪd jʊr ˈgrænˌfɑðər reɪs? hi reɪst ˈoʊnli ɪn ˈɪndiə, ɛz dɪd maɪ ˈfɑðər. aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ˈiðər əv ðɛm ˈɛvər reɪst ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli. maɪ ˈgrænˌfɑðər reɪst bæk ɪn ðə ənd ðeɪ dɪd ə lɔt əv ˈræliɪŋ æt ðə taɪm. aɪ θɪŋk maɪ ˈgrænˌfɑðər juzd tɪ reɪs ˈʤægˌwɑr ənd θɪŋz laɪk ðət. maɪ dæd reɪst ˈsɪŋgəl ənd ˈrælid ə lɔt tu. hi juzd tɪ reɪs ˈfɔrmjələ 2 kɑz. hi hæd ən də ˈʃɛvrən, hi ˈɔlsoʊ hæd ə ˈfɔrmjələ əˈtlæntɪk kɑr. hi dɪd ə lɔt əv ˈræliɪŋ tu. hi dɪd ðə ˌhɪməˈleɪən ˈræli ə ˈnəmbər əv taɪmz ənd wən ɪt ɪn, aɪ θɪŋk, 1986 kərun ˈfɑðər ˈvɪki həz pleɪd ə ki roʊl ɪn hɪz kərɪr ˈsətən ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ wət dɪz jʊr ˈgrænˌfɑðər meɪk əv jʊr oʊn kərɪr? hi dɪd kəm tɪ si mi ˈreɪsɪŋ ɪn wəns ənd aɪ θɪŋk ɪt wɑz ɔl ə bɪt kənfˈjuzɪŋ fər ɪm! hi keɪm tɪ duˈbaɪ tɪ wɔʧ ən ˈeɪʒə ˈsɪriz reɪs [ɪn 2008 ənd aɪ θɪŋk ɪt wɑz kwaɪt ən aɪ ˈoʊpənər fər ɪm, ʤɪst tɪ si ðə ˈlɛvəl wi wər ˈreɪsɪŋ æt ənd tɪ si ðə ˈlɛvəl ðə timz ˈɔpərˌeɪt æt. hi wɑz kwaɪt səˈpraɪzd baɪ ɪt ɔl. hi wɑz wən əv ðə ˈfaʊndərz əv ɪn ˈɪndiə. hi ˈfaʊndɪd ðə ðɛr, ðə ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən ðət rənz ɪn ˈɪndiə, əv wɪʧ maɪ ˈfɑðər ɪz ˈkərəntli ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd [mallya*] ðə ˈʧɛrmən. maɪ ˈgrænˌfɑðər wɑz ðə wən hu wɛnt aʊt ən əkˈwaɪərd ðə lænd tɪ bɪld ðə ˈmædrəs ˈsərkət ɪn ðə 1980s*. hi pleɪd ə juʤ roʊl ɪn ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ɪn ˈɪndiə ɪn ɪts ˈɪnfənt ˈsteɪʤɪz. haʊ wɑz ˈmoʊtər ˈreɪsɪŋ pərˈsivd ɪn ˈɪndiə ɪn ðə taɪm jʊr ˈfɑðər ənd ˈgrænˌfɑðər wər ˈreɪsɪŋ? wɑz ɪt vjud ɛz ðə prɪˈzərv əv ðə ˈvɛri rɪʧ? aɪ doʊnt noʊ əˈbaʊt maɪ ˈɪrə bət ɪn maɪ dædz taɪm aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈreɪsɪz ɛz ə θri- ər aɪv sin ðə ˈpɪkʧərz -ənd ɪt wɑz kəmˈplitli mæd. ðɛr wʊd bi ˈpipəl ðɛr tɪ wɔʧ ðɛm reɪs. ðɛr wər ˈmæsɪv kraʊdz, ˌæbsəˈlutli juʤ. ɪn ðoʊz deɪz ðeɪ juzd tɪ ʤɪst reɪs ɔn ˈɛrˌfildz ɪn ˈʧɛˌnaɪ ənd ˈdɛli, bɑmˈbeɪ, ˈbæŋgəˌlɔr, ˌkælˈkətə ənd ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə ˈivɪn. bət ðɛn, wɪn wi muvd tɪ ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˈsərkət ɪn ˈʧɛˌnaɪ ɪn 1989 ənd ə mɔr prəˈfɛʃənəl taɪp əv ˈreɪsɪŋ, wɪθ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪd ˈkætəˌgɔriz ənd ə ˈprɑpər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈstændərd træk ðət ræn ˈfɔrmjələ 3 ˈreɪsɪz, ðə kraʊdz ʤɪst ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd. təˈdeɪ, ju ˈkʊdənt ˈivɪn gɪt ˈpipəl tɪ kəm tɪ ə reɪs ɪn ˈʧɛˌnaɪ. ɪts ˌənbəˈlivəbəl ənd ˈvɛri hɑrd tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd. aɪ θɪŋk, bæk ɪn ðə deɪ, ðə ˈklæsɪz wər mɔr ˈoʊpən. ˈpipəl wʊd kəm ənd si ɔl ðiz fænˈtæstɪkli ɪgˈzɑtɪk kɑz. ðə ˌmɑhərˈɑˌʒə əv gondal*, ə ril ˌmɑhərˈɑˌʒə, wʊd brɪŋ əˈlɔŋ hɪz ˈfɔrmjələ 5000 kɑr; hi hæd ə surtees*. aɪ θɪŋk ɪt fɛlt ˈmeɪbi ə bɪt mɔr ˈspɛʃəl, bət æt ðə seɪm taɪm mɔr ækˈsɛsəbəl. ˈɔlsoʊ ju hæv tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ˈnəθɪŋ laɪk ðɪs wɑz ɔn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən æt ðə taɪm. goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈreɪsɪz wɑz ə greɪt fɔrm əv ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt fər ˈpipəl. aɪ θɪŋk ɪts pərˈhæps wən ˈrizən waɪ ðə kraʊdz ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd, ɛz ɪt wɑz əraʊnd ðə seɪm taɪm ðət wi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ɪn ˈɪndiə. lɛts goʊ bæk tɪ jʊr ˈərli ˈreɪsɪŋ jɪrz. ju wɛnt tɪ ˈjʊrəp ənd kəmˈpitɪd ɪn ənd ˈfɔrmjələ rɪˈnɔlt bət haʊ dɪd jʊr draɪv kəm əˈbaʊt? aɪ hæd noʊ ˈməni æt ɔl. æt ðə ɛnd əv 2006 aɪ wɑz ˈrɛdi tɪ kwɪt ˈreɪsɪŋ. aɪ hæd noʊ ˈməni tɪ pʊt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ təˈgɛðər, noʊ ˈməni tɪ goʊ bæk tɪ ˈjʊrəp. aɪ wɑz ˈfɪnɪʃt. aɪ hæd ə ʤɑb ˈɔfər tɪ bi ðə tim ˈmænɪʤər əv ðə ˈrɑbərtsən ˈfɔrmjələ 3 tim. aɪ ækˈsɛptɪd ɪt ənd aɪ wɑz ˈrɛdi tɪ goʊ ənd wərk æt ə dɛsk ʤɑb. bət ðɛn ˈbərni kɔld maɪ dæd ənd hi sɛd tɪ ɪm: "gɪt kərun ɔn ə pleɪn ənd goʊ tɪ jɛˈrɛz fər ə tɛst wɪθ ðə ˈkæmpoʊz tim ɪn soʊ aɪ gɑt ɔn ðə pleɪn. aɪ dɪd ə deɪz ˈtɛstɪŋ ənd ɪt simd tɪ goʊ ˈoʊˈkeɪ ənd ðət wɑz ɪt. ðɪs wɑz ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər. aɪ ˈdɪdənt hir ˈɛniˌθɪŋ frəm ˈbərni ɔl ðə weɪ θru dɪˈsɛmbər ənd ˈʤænjuˌɛri. æt ðət pɔɪnt ɪt ˈwəzənt ˈlʊkɪŋ greɪt. aɪ hæd toʊld ðɛm æt ˈrɑbərtsən ðət ɪf aɪ ˈhædənt hərd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ frəm ə tim baɪ ðə əv ˈfɛbruˌɛri aɪ wʊd teɪk ðə ʤɑb ɛz tim ˈmænɪʤər. ɪt hæd gɔn ɛz fɑr ɛz ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈɪntu wərk ˈpərˌmɪts ənd θɪŋz laɪk ðət. ðɛn, ɔn ðə əv ˈʤænjuˌɛri, ˈbərni ræŋ mi ənd sɛd: "kɔl ðɪs ˈnəmbər, rɛd bʊl ˈɪndiə wɔnt tɪ ˈspɑnsər ju, kɔl ðɛm ənd ˌɪntrəˈdus ˈjɔrsɛlf. aɪv dən ə dil wɪθ dərˈæŋgoʊ fər ju, gɪt ɔn ə pleɪn tɪ ˈɪtəli ənd goʊ fər jʊr sit ˈfɪtɪŋ." ðət wɑz ɪt. ˈbərni dɪd ðə ˈkɑnˌtrækt, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. hi wɑz fænˈtæstɪk. wɪˈθaʊt ˈbərni ənd rɛd bull…*… əm ˈvɛri ˈθæŋkfəl tɪ rɛd bʊl. ðeɪ ˈspɑnsərd mi ɪn 2007 ənd 2008 ðeɪ geɪv mi maɪ fərst ˈfɔrmjələ wən tɛst ɪn 2007 ənd aɪv dən səm ˈsɪmjəˌleɪtər wərk wɪθ ðɛm. əm ˈvɛri ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ ðɛm ɛz wɪˈθaʊt ðɛm aɪ ˈwʊdənt hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ du ju wər wən əv ðə ˈləki wənz. ɪt məst bi ˈvɛri təf tɪ nɑt gɪt ðət ˈlaɪfˌʧeɪnʤɪŋ kɔl ənd tɪ hæv tɪ teɪk ə ʤɑb ju doʊnt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli wɔnt. ˈdɛfənətli. ɪt ˈwəzənt ðə pæθ aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bi ɔn. aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ reɪs kɑz. ˌriˈæləˌti ɪz hɑrʃ, ðoʊ. əm ˈvɛri blæk ənd waɪt ɪn ðə weɪ aɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðiz θɪŋz. ðɪs ɪz ˌriˈæləˌti. ɪf ju kænt dil wɪθ ðət ˈæˌspɛkt əv ðə spɔrt ðɛn ju ˈʃʊdənt bi hir. ɪf ðə ˈkəriz tu hɑt fər ju, ðɛn doʊnt pɪk əp ə spun. kərun θæŋks ˈbərni fər ˌriɪgˈnaɪtɪŋ hɪz kərɪr wɪθ ə draɪv ˈsətən ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˌɛnˈlɑrʤ soʊ, wəns jʊd bɪn ˈgrænɪd ðət ˌɑpərˈtunəti ɪn haʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt wɑz ɪt fər ju tɪ ɪt? ɪkˈstrimli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. ɪt keɪm daʊn tɪ ðə ˈsɪmpəl fækt əv ˈhævɪŋ tɪ du ə gʊd ʤɑb ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kip ðə feɪθ əv ðə ˈpipəl səˈpɔrtɪŋ mi. ɪt ɪz ðə bɪg ʃɑp ˈwɪndoʊ tu. ju noʊ ðət jʊr ˈrɪli kloʊz tɪ ənd ˈhævɪŋ gʊd səˈpɔrt frəm gʊd ˈpipəl æt ðə taɪm, aɪ nu ðət ɪf aɪ hæd ə gʊd kræk æt ðɛn aɪ hæd ə ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ʧæns əv ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈfɔrmjələ wən. ˈnəθɪŋz ˌgɛrənˈtid, bət ðæts wət ju hæv tɪ eɪm fər. aɪ wən ˈreɪsɪz, aɪ hæd ə fju ˈpoʊdiəmz ənd ə lɔt əv tɔp faɪv ˈfɪnɪʃɪz. ənd aɪ ˈlərnɪd ən ˈɔfəl lɔt. aɪ θɪŋk ju lərn mɔr ɪn ðən ju du ɪn moʊst ˈəðər formulae*. ðə kɑz ər ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr tɪ ɪn tərmz əv ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ənd ðə ˈlɛvəl əv grɪp frəm ðə taɪərz ənd ðə ˈɛroʊ. ju reɪs ɔn ðə seɪm ˈsərkəts, ɔn ðə seɪm ˈwiˌkɛndz, ɪn frənt əv ðə seɪm ˈpipəl. ɪts ə fænˈtæstɪk ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp. dɪd gɪv ju ðə moʊˈmɛntəm tɪ səˈsteɪn jʊr kərɪr ɪn ˈfɔrmjələ wən? jɛs, ˈvɛri məʧ soʊ. aɪ θɪŋk ju ˈoʊnli hæv tɪ lʊk æt wət həz dən fər ə juʤ ˈnəmbər əv ˈdraɪvərz. ju lʊk æt ðə grɪd təˈdeɪ ənd əraʊnd 50 pər sɛnt əv ðɛm keɪm frəm ənd ˈivɪn bɪɔnd ðət: wɪn ə ˈʧæmpiən gɪts ˈɪntu ə kɑr tɪ gɪt wɔrmd əp fər hɪz ˈkəmˌbæk ðɛn ðət pruvz ðə wərθ əv ðə kɑz ənd ðə ˈsɪriz. lʊk æt ðə 2008 ˈsizən, wɪn aɪ wɑz ðɛr. ju hæd mi, ˈbrunoʊ ˈsɛnə, buemi*, ˈlukəs di ˈgræsi, roʊˈmeɪn grəsˈʒin, ʤəroʊm d'ambrosio*, ˌkoʊbɑˈjɑʃi ənd vəˈtæli petrov*. ðɛr wər ə lɔt əv ˈjuˈɛs ɪn 08 hu meɪd ðə stɛp tɪ ɪts ə greɪt ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp. ɪt wɑz ˈblədi hɑrd ðoʊ. aɪ min, ˈrɪli hɑrd! ɪf ju kən wɪn ˈreɪsɪz ðɛr ju kən wɪn ˈreɪsɪz ɪn ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ðɛr ɪz, aɪ wʊd seɪ, əˈnəðər ˈæˌspɛkt tɪ ju ðæts kɛpt ju ɪn ənd ðæts ə sɛns əv ə ˈbɪgər ˈpɪkʧər, ən əˈwɛrnəs ðət ðɛrz ə ˈwaɪdər wərld aʊt ðɛr. wʊd ju seɪ ðæts ə fɛr əˈsɛsmənt? ɪts soʊ ˈizi tɪ gɪt səkt ˈɪntu ə ˈbəbəl, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn wi ər ˈvɛri ˈprɪvɪlɪʤd tɪ bi ɪn ðɪs spɔrt, ɪkˈstrimli ˈprɪvɪlɪʤd tɪ du wət wi du bət ɪts nɑt ˌriˈæləˌti. ðɛr ɪz ə məʧ ˈbɪgər wərld aʊt ðɛr wɪθ məʧ ˈbɪgər ˈprɑbləmz ənd ˈpipəl hu ər fɑr lɛs ˈfɔrʧənət ðən wi ər. ɪn ðə grænd skim əv θɪŋz ˈfɔrmjələ wən ɪz nɑt ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt θɪŋ ɪn ðə wərld. wɪr ˌɛnərˈteɪnərz. wɪr nɑt breɪn ˈsərʤənz, wɪr nɑt aʊt ðɛr ˈseɪvɪŋ ðə ˈplænət ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. wɪr ʤɪst ˌɛnərˈteɪnərz ənd tu ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə spɔrt fərˈgɛt ðət. ðət læk əv pərˈspɛktɪv meɪ bi ə bæd θɪŋ, bət ɪf jʊr ə prəˈspɛktɪv wərld ˈʧæmpiən, du ju nid tɪ hæv ðə kaɪnd əv ˈigoʊ ðət meɪks ju bɪˈliv ju ər ðə braɪt ˈsɛntər əv ðə ˈjunəˌvərs? possibly…*…. noʊ, ˈæˌkʧuəli, aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk soʊ. lʊk æt ˈpipəl laɪk fərˈnɑndoʊ [əˈlɑnsoʊ] ənd səˈbæsʧən [vettel*] ənd ˈʤɛnsən [ˈbətən] ənd mɑrk [ˈwɛbər]; ðeɪ ər ɔl gaɪz hu ər tɔp klæs ˈreɪsɪŋ ˈdraɪvərz, tu əv ðɛm ˈdəbəl wərld ˈʧæmpiənz, bət ðeɪ ɔl hæv ən əˈwɛrnəs ðət ðɛr ɪz ə məʧ ˈbɪgər wərld aʊt ðɛr. fərˈnɑndoʊ dɪz ə lɔt fər ˈʧɛrɪti ənd səˈbæsʧən ɪz ə greɪt wərld ˈʧæmpiən. hi həz ə ril pərˈspɛktɪv ɔn ðə hoʊl əv ðə spɔrt ənd hi vjuz ɪt nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪn tərmz əv wət maɪt ˈbɛnəfɪt ɪm ər rɛd bʊl. ðət ɪz kwaɪt ənd kwaɪt rɛr ənd ðət meɪks ɪm ə ˈvɛri ˈwərði wərld ˈʧæmpiən. ɪz ɪt ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ju tɪ hæv ðət pərˈspɛktɪv, tɪ nɑt teɪk ðɪs ɔl tu ˈsɪriəsli? aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ˈɛvriˌwən. aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ bi ə ˈbælənst ˈjumən biɪŋ. wɪn aɪ goʊ tɪ ˈɪndiə aɪ doʊnt tɔk əˈbaʊt wɪθ ˈɛni əv maɪ frɛndz. aɪ ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ, bɪˈkəz ju hæv tɪ tɔk tɪ ˈpipəl əˈbaʊt ril θɪŋz, əˈbaʊt ðɛr lɪvz ənd ðɛr ˈprɑbləmz. ðɛr ɪn ˈtəfər ʤɑbz ðən ðɪs. ɪf ju doʊnt tɔk tɪ ˈpipəl ənd gɪt ən aɪˈdiə əv haʊ ˈpipəl lɪv ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðɪs ˈbəbəl ðɛn ju ɛnd əp ɛz wən əv ðoʊz 'mi, mi, mi' ˈpipəl ənd ðæts just…*… ə wərd ju kænt ˈpɑsəbli prɪnt! ˈviə tim ˈloʊtəs noʊts ər ˈpəblɪʃt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛvəri grænd pri ˈwiˌkɪnd spɔrts ˈmidiə ˈɛlˈtiˈdi.
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karun chandhok has come a long way from being a wide-eyed kid marvelling at f2 and f5000 cars racing around disused airfields in chennai, india. but even though he's now the country's unofficial formula one ambassador, he's a firm believer that racing drivers have to burst out of the bubble of the f1 paddock
karun chandhok is only the second indian driver to ever race in formula one © espnf1 enlarge related links drivers:
karun chandhok teams:
team lotus
it's quite difficult for people in europe to appreciate just how tricky it must have been for a boy from india to make his way in motor racing. can you explain how you got started?
in india i started off in a small single-seater championship called formula maruti, which was a little 800cc single seater car, basically a big go-kart with gears. that was all we had at the time as an organised national championship. today it's a bit different; we have a few different series that kids can do but back then maruti was what you had to race in. after that i moved on to racing in the formula 2000 asia series in 2001 and that was my first international experience. we raced in the philippines, at three different circuits in malaysia, and in thailand and china. i was 17 when i did that. it was quite a good championship and it was quite an interesting year.
when you were racing in india what circuits did you race on?
there was just one, in chennai, the irungattukottai circuit. there was a short circuit and a long circuit version and that was it. the whole championship was on that one track. it was a decent enough field, though, of maybe about 20 drivers.
was the formula maruti championship you raced in a provincial series?
no. you have to understand that the madras circuit was opened in 1989, and only in 2003 did we get a second circuit, which is in coimbatore, which is where narain [karthikeyan] is from. but they are both cities in the same state, tamil nadu, the southernmost state of india. so, from '89 until 2003, chennai was the only track in india. it's only now that we have something in the north, in delhi. anyone who wanted to race, in the whole of india, had to come down south.
what was the constituency like for motor racing when you were growing up? did you feel like a bit of an outsider among your peers for being interested in it?
not really. in the championship we had grids of about 20 cars, so those were the people you shared your passion for motorsport with. and today we have two grades of formula category and two saloon car categories and they've all got grids of 20 cars or more. for me, growing up, there was never any feeling of being the odd one out because my dad was involved in motorsport, as was my grandfather. i didn't care about anything else. a lot of my family and my family's friends from the uk were involved in motorsport. my father had a lot of friends who were in the business. i had plenty of people to talk motorsport with.
did you feel that you were directed towards motorsport by your family's involvement? or was it something you had a passion for from a young age?
my family never forced us to do anything we didn't want to do. we're quite liberal that way. my brother has absolutely no interest in f1 or motorsport at all. he's a club level cricketer and he also runs his own pr company. my interest in motorsport obviously comes from the family and obviously they were a huge influence on me but the decision to go racing was purely mine.
what kind of cars did your grandfather race?
he raced only in india, as did my father. i don't think either of them ever raced internationally. my grandfather raced back in the 1950s and they did a lot of rallying at the time. i think my grandfather used to race jaguar e-types and things like that. my dad raced single seaters and rallied a lot too. he used to race formula 2 cars. he had an ex-elio de angelis chevron, he also had a ralt rt4 formula atlantic car. he did a lot of rallying too. he did the himalayan rally a number of times and won it in, i think, 1986.
karun chandhok's father vicky has played a key role in his career © sutton images enlarge
what does your grandfather make of your own career?
he did come to see me racing in gp2 once and i think it was all a bit confusing for him! he came to dubai to watch an asia series race [in 2008] and i think it was quite an eye opener for him, just to see the level we were racing at and to see the level the teams operate at. he was quite surprised by it all. he was one of the founders of motorsport in india. he founded the asn there, the federation that runs motorsport in india, of which my father is currently the president and vijay [mallya] the chairman. my grandfather was the one who went out an acquired the land to build the madras circuit in the 1980s. he played a huge role in the development of motorsport in india in its infant stages.
how was motor racing perceived in india in the time your father and grandfather were racing? was it viewed as the preserve of the very rich?
i don't know about my granddad's era but in my dad's time i remember going to races as a three- or four-year-old - i've seen the pictures -and it was completely mad. there would be 70,000 people there to watch them race. there were massive crowds, absolutely huge. in those days they used to just race on disused airfields in chennai and delhi, bombay, bangalore, calcutta and sri lanka even.
but then, when we moved to a permanent circuit in chennai in 1989 and a more professional type of racing, with regulated categories and a proper international standard track that ran formula 3 races, the crowds just disappeared. today, you couldn't even get 7,000 people to come to a race in chennai. it's unbelievable and very hard to understand. i think, back in the day, the classes were more open. people would come and see all these fantastically exotic cars. the maharaja of gondal, a real maharaja, would bring along his formula 5000 car; he had a surtees. i think it felt maybe a bit more special, but at the same time more accessible. also you have to remember that nothing like this was on tv at the time. going to the races was a great form of entertainment for people. i think it's perhaps one reason why the crowds disappeared, as it was around the same time that we started getting satellite tv in india.
let's go back to your early racing years. you went to europe and competed in f3 and formula renault 3.5 but how did your gp2 drive come about?
i had no money at all. at the end of 2006 i was ready to quit racing. i had no money to put anything together, no money to go back to europe. i was finished. i had a job offer to be the team manager of the raikkonen robertson formula 3 team. i accepted it and i was ready to go and work at a desk job.
but then bernie called my dad and he said to him: "get karun on a plane and go to jerez for a test with the campos team in gp2". so i got on the plane. i did a day's testing and it seemed to go ok and that was it. this was in november. i didn't hear anything from bernie all the way through december and january. at that point it wasn't looking great. i had told them at raikkonen robertson that if i hadn't heard anything from a gp2 team by the 1st of february i would take the job as team manager. it had gone as far as looking into work permits and things like that. then, on the 27th of january, bernie rang me and said: "call this number, red bull india want to sponsor you, call them and introduce yourself. i've done a deal with durango for you, get on a plane to italy and go for your seat fitting." that was it. bernie did the contract, everything. he was fantastic. without bernie and red bull… i'm very thankful to red bull. they sponsored me in 2007 and 2008. they gave me my first formula one test in 2007 and i've done some simulator work with them. i'm very grateful to them as without them i wouldn't have been able to do gp2.
you were one of the lucky ones. it must be very tough to not get that life-changing call and to have to take a job you don't necessarily want.
definitely. it wasn't the path i wanted to be on. i wanted to race cars. reality is harsh, though. i'm very black and white in the way i think about these things. this is reality. if you can't deal with that aspect of the sport then you shouldn't be here. if the curry's too hot for you, then don't pick up a spoon.
karun chandhok thanks bernie ecclestone for reigniting his career with a gp2 drive © sutton images enlarge
so, once you'd been granted that opportunity in gp2, how important was it for you to maximise it?
extremely important. it came down to the simple fact of having to do a good job in order to keep the faith of the people supporting me. it is the big shop window too. you know that you're really close to f1 and having good support from good people at the time, i knew that if i had a good crack at gp2 then i had a realistic chance of getting into formula one. nothing's guaranteed, but that's what you have to aim for. i won races, i had a few podiums and a lot of top five finishes. and i learned an awful lot. i think you learn more in gp2 than you do in most other formulae. the cars are very, very similar to f1 in terms of the level of downforce and the level of grip from the tyres and the aero. you race on the same circuits, on the same weekends, in front of the same people. it's a fantastic championship.
did gp2 give you the momentum to sustain your career in formula one?
yes, very much so. i think you only have to look at what gp2 has done for a huge number of drivers. you look at the f1 grid today and around 50 per cent of them came from gp2. and even beyond that: when a seven-time f1 champion gets into a gp2 car to get warmed up for his f1 comeback then that proves the worth of the cars and the series. look at the 2008 season, when i was there. you had me, bruno senna, sébastien buemi, lucas di grassi, romain grosjean, jerome d'ambrosio, kamui kobayashi and vitaly petrov. there were a lot of us in '08 who made the step to f1. it's a great championship. it was bloody hard though. i mean, really hard! if you can win races there you can win races in anything.
there is, i would say, another aspect to you that's kept you in f1 and that's a sense of a bigger picture, an awareness that there's a wider world out there. would you say that's a fair assessment?
it's so easy to get sucked into a bubble, especially in f1. we are very privileged to be in this sport, extremely privileged to do what we do but it's not reality. there is a much bigger world out there with much bigger problems and people who are far less fortunate than we are. in the grand scheme of things formula one is not the most important thing in the world. we're entertainers. we're not brain surgeons, we're not out there saving the planet or anything. we're just entertainers and too many people inside the sport forget that.
that lack of perspective may be a bad thing, but if you're a prospective world champion, do you need to have the kind of ego that makes you believe you are the bright centre of the universe?
possibly…. no, actually, i don't think so. look at people like fernando [alonso] and sebastian [vettel] and jenson [button] and mark [webber]; they are all guys who are top class racing drivers, two of them double world champions, but they all have an awareness that there is a much bigger world out there. fernando does a lot for charity and sebastian is a great world champion. he has a real perspective on the whole of the sport and he views it not only in terms of what might benefit him or red bull. that is quite unselfish and quite rare and that makes him a very worthy world champion.
is it important for you to have that perspective, to not take this all too seriously?
i think it's important for everyone. i think it's important to be a balanced human being. when i go to india i don't talk about motorsport with any of my friends. i refuse to, because you have to talk to people about real things, about their lives and their problems. they're in tougher jobs than this. if you don't talk to people and get an idea of how people live outside this bubble then you end up as one of those 'me, me, me' people and that's just… a word you can't possibly print!
via www.teamlotus.co.uk - team lotus notes are published before every grand prix weekend
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pərˈuviən "saɪ əv ə ˈwʊmən frəm ˈlimə" dɪˈzərt. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkrɪstəfər pɪrs ˈæˌdrɛs 95 ˈbɑndi roʊd ˈbɑndi, nu saʊθ weɪlz 2026 vju mæp ˈoʊpənɪŋ aʊərz tue-thu*,; fri*, 11:30am-3pm*,; sæt 11am-4pm*, 6-11pm*; sən, 11am-4pm*, ˈfiʧərz ækˈsɛpts ˈbʊkɪŋz, ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriən ˈfrɛndli ˈpraɪsɪz ˈmɑdərˌeɪt (meɪnz ʃɛf ˌrɑfˈjɛl foʊn 02 8971 3674 ɛz ə rɑ ˈvɛgən, ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ðət straɪvz fər ˈkɑrbən nuˈtræləti ənd ˈziroʊ weɪst, ju kʊd seɪ ðə plænt ˈgæləri ɪz ˈfɛrli nɪʧ. jɛt ˈoʊnər ˈdeɪvɪd ɔrˈteɪgə plænz tɪ teɪk hɪz ˈvɪʒən ˈivɪn ˈfərðər. hi ɪz ˈkəltɪˌveɪtɪŋ ə ˈgɑrdən ɔn ðə smɔl pæʧ aʊt ðə bæk əv ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt wɪθ ðə hoʊp əv ɛz ˈfʊli ɔrˈgænɪk ənd, waɪl hiz æt ɪt, hi θɪŋks hi maɪt ˈivɪn meɪk ðə pleɪs ˈkoʊʃər. ɪn fækt, hi sɪz, hiz ɔˈrɛdi ɪn tɔks wɪθ ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈræˌbaɪz. ɪts kwaɪt ə fit fər ˈsəmˌwən soʊ nu tɪ ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈbɪznɪs. ˈæftər ˌɪnˈhɛrətɪŋ səm ˈməni ənd ˈteɪkɪŋ taɪm ɔf frəm hɪz ʤɑb ˈtiʧɪŋ ˈɪŋlɪʃ tɪ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈstudənts, ɔrˈteɪgə lɪvd ənd ˈtrævəld ɪn saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə. ɪt wɑz ðɛr, ɪn ðə ˈmaʊntənz əv pəru ɪn 2014 hi rikəˈnɛktɪd wɪθ wɑn ˈkɑrloʊs, ə ʃɛf hi hæd mɛt waɪl ˈtrævəlɪŋ ə ˈdɛkeɪd ˈərliər ənd hu hæd kənˈvərtɪd tɪ ðə rɑ ˈvɛgən ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl. ɔrˈteɪgə sɪz hi wɑz soʊ ˈdæzəld baɪ əˈproʊʧ tɪ fud ðət hi kənˈvɪnst hɪz frɛnd tɪ ˈoʊpən ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt wɪθ ɪm bæk ɪn ˈbɑndi wɛr hi gru əp. ðə plænt ˈgæləri ɪn ˈbɑndi, ˈfɔrmərli ən ɑrt ˈgæləri. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkrɪstəfər pɪrs ðə plænt ˈgæləri ˈoʊpənd ɪts dɔrz ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri ənd ɔrˈteɪgə hoʊps ɪt wɪl ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən rɑ ˈvɛgən fud həz ɛz ə daɪət əv ˈkɛrət ənd ˈsɛləri stɪks. ædˈmɪtɪdli, ðə θɔt "aɪ hoʊp aɪ doʊnt liv ˈhəŋgri" dɪz krɔs maɪ maɪnd ɛz aɪ pəruz ðə ˈmɛnju. ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈɔlsoʊ ɛsˈʧuz greɪnz ənd ˈlɛˌgjumz (ənˈlɛs ˈspraʊtɪd) ənd ˈprɑsɛst ˈʃʊgərz. bət ðɛr ər ˈplɛnti əv fəˈmɪljər, ɔlˈbiɪt ˈmɑdəˌfaɪd, ˈdɪʃɪz tɪ ʧuz frəm, səʧ ɛz ˈpitsə, spəˈgɛti, ˈkəri, ˈnɑˌʧoʊz ənd ˈsizər ˈsæləd. wi stɑrt wɪθ ðə, ə ʃɑt əv sup wɪθ smoʊkt pəˈprikə, wɪʧ pæks ə ˈsɪriəs pənʧ ənd ɪz ə gʊd priˈkərsər əv wəts tɪ kəm. wi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnɪbəl ɔn keɪl ʧɪps, wɪʧ aɪ æm dɪˈlaɪtɪd tɪ dɪˈskəvər teɪst laɪk wɪn ˈkoʊtɪd ɪn ə ˈbætər. zuˈkini spəˈgɛti. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkrɪstəfər pɪrs ðə lʊk əv ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt rɪˈflɛkts ɪts ˈhɛlθi ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈiθɑs, wɪθ ɪts haɪ ˈsilɪŋ, waɪt wɔlz, ˈhæŋɪŋ ˈgɑrdən ənd ˈbjutəfəl ˈwʊdən ˈfərnɪʧər, bɪlt baɪ nu frɛnʧ ʃɛf ˌrɑfˈjɛl, hu ˈrisəntli tʊk ˈoʊvər frəm ˈkɑrloʊs. ɔrˈteɪgə læfs wɪn aɪ seɪ ɪt lʊks laɪk ən ɑrt ˈgæləri, bɪˈkəz ðæts wət ɪt wɑz wɪn hi bɔt ɪt. hi plænz tɪ kənˈtɪnju ðə trəˈdɪʃən ɪn ə smɔl weɪ baɪ ɪgˈzɪbɪtɪŋ ˈloʊkəl ˈɑrtɪsts ɔn ðə wɔlz. ɛz ðə fud ˈdəzənt nid tɪ bi kʊkt, wi doʊnt weɪt lɔŋ. wi ʃɛr tu ˈɑnˌtreɪz ənd ə meɪn bɪtˈwin tu ˈpipəl. ðə beɪs əv ðə swit ˈənjən ˈpitsə ɪz meɪd aʊt əv kəmˈpæktɪd ˈsɛsəmi sidz ənd ɪz tɑpt wɪθ rɪʧ nət ʧiz, ə təˈmɑˌtoʊ sɔs, ˈɑlɪvz ənd swit kɔrn. ɪt ˈhɑrdli rɪˈzɛmbəlz ə ˈpitsə bət, ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ju doʊnt hæv jʊr hɑrt sɛt ɔn ə doʊi, ˈʧizi slaɪs, ɪts ə nis dɪʃ. ðə ˈnɑˌʧoʊz ɪz ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə ˈpitsə, ˈoʊnli ˈfrɛʃər ənd mɔr wɪθ ðə əˈdɪʃən əv rɛd ˈənjən, ˌkɔriˈændər ənd gˌwɑkəˈmoʊli. ðə "ʧɪps" ər məʧ ðə seɪm ɛz ðə ˈpitsə beɪs ˈoʊnli sˈlaɪtli mɔr wafery*, sərvd wɪθ nət ʧiz, kɔrn ənd ə ˈsɪmələr sɔs. nɛkst taɪm aɪl traɪ ˈsəmθɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈpælət laɪk ðə ˈkɑləˌflaʊər roʊl. ɑr ˈʧoʊzən meɪn ɪz spəˈgɛti, wɪʧ aɪ hæv ˌrɛzərˈveɪʃənz əˈbaʊt, ɛz ˈpɑstə meɪd frəm zuˈkini həz ˈnɛvər strək mi ɛz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli appetising*. maɪ daʊts ər kˈwɪkli skwɑʃt, ɛz ðɪs spəˈgɛti həz ə kənˈsɪstənsi rɪˈmɑrkəbli ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə ril θɪŋ, wɪθ ə rɪʧ ˈkæˌʃu ənd ˈjɛloʊ sɔs. ɔn ðə tɔp ər ʃɑrdz əv foʊ ˈpɑrməˌzɑn, wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ pruv tɪ bi ə kənˈvɪnsɪŋ ˈsəbstəˌtut. ðə dɪʃ ˈmæʤɪkəli dɪz nɑt teɪst ˈnɪrli ɛz ˈhɛlθi ɛz ɪt ɪz, ənd meɪks mi wɔnt tɪ kəm bæk fər mɔr. waɪl ðə ˈpɔrʃənz ər ˈʤɛnərəs, ðə fud sɪts ˈlaɪtli soʊ ðɛr ɪz noʊ daʊt əˈbaʊt ɑr dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ˈɔrdər dɪˈzərt. wi goʊ fər ðə ənˈjuˌʒuəli neɪmd ə lɑ limena*", wɪʧ ˈtrænsˌleɪts ɛz "ðə saɪ əv ə ˈwʊmən frəm ˈlimə". ɪt ɪz sərvd laɪk ən ˈaɪˌskrim ˈsəndeɪ wɪθ ə ˈkɛrəməl beɪs meɪd əv deɪt ənd ˈsɪnəmən, ənd ə ˈkoʊkəˌnət wɪpt krim wɪθ ðə kənˈsɪstənsi əv foʊm. ðə ˈkɛrəməl əˈloʊn ɪz ˈsupər rɪʧ ənd ˈstɪki bət bɪˈkəmz ˈkrimi ənd mɔr ˈdɛləkət wɪθ ðə ˈkoʊkəˌnət krim. ðə plænt ˈgæləri ɪz tru tɪ ɪts fəˈlɑsəfi əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈhɛlθi fud wɪˈθaʊt ˈsækrəˌfaɪsɪŋ, ənd meɪks ɪt ˈizi tɪ fərˈgɛt ju ər ˈitɪŋ ən ɪnˈtaɪərli mil. ɪt wɪl ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ˈvɛgənz ənd əˈlaɪk, wɪʧ ɔrˈteɪgə, hu ɪz nɑt ə ˈvɛgən, sɪz ɪz ðə pɔɪnt. ðə pɪks ʃɑt, zuˈkini spəˈgɛti, pərˈuviən dɪˈzərt ðə lʊk laɪk ən ɑrt ˈgæləri, kul ənd ˈəndərˌsteɪtɪd ðə ˈsərvɪs ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk ənd ˌənpriˈtɛnʃəs http://www.theplantgallery.com.au*/
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peruvian "sigh of a woman from lima" dessert. photo: christopher pearce
address 95 bondi road bondi, new south wales 2026 view map opening hours tue-thu, 6-10pm; fri, 11:30am-3pm, 6-10pm; sat 11am-4pm, 6-11pm; sun, 11am-4pm, 6-10pm features accepts bookings, vegetarian friendly prices moderate (mains $20-$40) chef raphael kiepura phone 02 8971 3674
as a raw vegan, peruvian-inspired restaurant that strives for carbon neutrality and zero waste, you could say the plant gallery is fairly niche. yet owner david ortega plans to take his specialised vision even further. he is cultivating a garden on the small patch out the back of the restaurant with the hope of relaunching as fully organic and, while he's at it, he thinks he might even make the place kosher. in fact, he says, he's already in talks with the local rabbis.
it's quite a feat for someone so new to the restaurant business.
after inheriting some money and taking time off from his job teaching english to international students, ortega lived and travelled in south america. it was there, in the mountains of peru in 2014, he reconnected with juan carlos, a swiss-trained chef he had met while travelling a decade earlier and who had converted to the raw vegan lifestyle. ortega says he was so dazzled by carlos's approach to food that he convinced his friend to open a restaurant with him back in bondi where he grew up.
the plant gallery in bondi, formerly an art gallery. photo: christopher pearce
the plant gallery opened its doors in january and ortega hopes it will change the reputation raw vegan food has as a diet of carrot and celery sticks.
admittedly, the thought "i hope i don't leave hungry" does cross my mind as i peruse the plant-based menu. the restaurant also eschews grains and legumes (unless sprouted) and processed sugars. but there are plenty of familiar, albeit modified, dishes to choose from, such as pizza, spaghetti, curry, nachos and caesar salad.
we start with the gazpacho, a shot of tomato-based soup with smoked paprika, which packs a serious flavour punch and is a good precursor of what's to come. we also nibble on kale chips, which i am delighted to discover taste like twisties when coated in a curry-flavoured batter.
zucchini spaghetti. photo: christopher pearce
the look of the restaurant reflects its healthy living ethos, with its high ceiling, white walls, hanging garden and beautiful wooden furniture, built by new french chef raphael kiepura, who recently took over from carlos. ortega laughs when i say it looks like an art gallery, because that's what it was when he bought it. he plans to continue the tradition in a small way by exhibiting local artists on the walls.
as the food doesn't need to be cooked, we don't wait long. we share two entrees and a main between two people.
the base of the sweet onion pizza is made out of compacted sesame seeds and is topped with rich nut cheese, a peppery tomato sauce, olives and sweet corn. it hardly resembles a pizza but, as long as you don't have your heart set on a doughy, cheesy slice, it's a nice dish. the nachos is very similar to the pizza, only fresher and more tangy with the addition of red onion, coriander and guacamole. the "chips" are much the same as the pizza base only slightly more wafery, served with nut cheese, corn and a similar peppery sauce. next time i'll try something with a different flavour palette like the cauliflower nori roll.
our chosen main is spaghetti, which i have reservations about, as pasta made from zucchini has never struck me as particularly appetising. my doubts are quickly squashed, as this spaghetti has a consistency remarkably similar to the real thing, with a rich cashew and yellow chilli sauce. on the top are shards of faux parmesan, which also prove to be a convincing substitute. the dish magically does not taste nearly as healthy as it is, and makes me want to come back for more.
while the portions are generous, the food sits lightly so there is no doubt about our decision to order dessert. we go for the unusually named "suspiro a la limena", which translates as "the sigh of a woman from lima". it is served like an ice-cream sundae with a mousse-like caramel base made of date and cinnamon, and a coconut whipped cream with the consistency of foam. the caramel alone is super rich and sticky but becomes creamy and more delicate with the coconut cream.
the plant gallery is true to its philosophy of making healthy food without sacrificing flavour, and makes it easy to forget you are eating an entirely plant-based meal. it will satisfy vegans and non-vegans alike, which ortega, who is not a vegan, says is the point.
the picks
gazpacho shot, zucchini spaghetti, peruvian dessert
the look
like an art gallery, cool and understated
the service
enthusiastic and unpretentious
http://www.theplantgallery.com.au/
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1906 geɪmz kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈɑrtˌwərk fər ðə 1906 geɪmz ˈneɪʃənz 20 ˈæθˌlits 854 848 mɛn, 6 ˈwɪmən) ˈoʊpənd baɪ st*. luɪs 1904 ˈləndən 1908 ðə 1906 geɪmz ər 1906 oʊˈlɪmpɪk geɪmz wɑz ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪˈvɛnt ðət wɑz ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd ɪn ˈæθənz, ðeɪ wər æt ðə taɪm kənˈsɪdərd tɪ bi oʊˈlɪmpɪk geɪmz ənd wər rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz ðə "ˈsɛkənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl oʊˈlɪmpɪk geɪmz ɪn ˈæθənz" baɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl oʊˈlɪmpɪk waɪlst ˈmɛdəlz wər dɪˈstrɪbjətəd tɪ ðə pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðiz geɪmz, ðə ˈmɛdəlz ər nɑt əˈfɪʃəli ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd baɪ ðə ənd ər nɑt dɪˈspleɪd wɪθ ðə kəˈlɛkʃən əv oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˈmɛdəlz æt ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪk mˈjuziəm ɪn ˌlɔˈsæn, sˈwɪtsərlənd. ˈɔrəʤən ˈɛdət ðə fərst geɪmz hæd bɪn ˈskɛʤʊld baɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl oʊˈlɪmpɪk kəˈmɪti ɪn ˈnidɪd] ɛz pɑrt əv ə nu ˈskɛʤʊl, wɛr ˈɛvəri fɔr jɪrz, ɪn bɪtˈwin ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd geɪmz, ðɛr wʊd bi ˌɪnərˈmidiɪt geɪmz hɛld ɪn ˈæθənz. ðɪs wɑz əˈpɛrəntli ə ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz: ˈæftər ðə səkˈsɛsfəl geɪmz əv ˈæθənz 1896 ðə griks səˈʤɛstɪd ðeɪ kʊd ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ðə geɪmz ˈɛvəri fɔr jɪrz. sɪns ðeɪ hæd ðə əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən ənd hæd ˈpruvən ðeɪ kʊd hoʊld geɪmz, ðeɪ rɪˈsivd səm səˈpɔrt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, piɛr də, ðə ˈfaʊndər əv ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl oʊˈlɪmpɪk kəˈmɪti, əˈpoʊzd ðɪs. hæd ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd ðə fərst geɪmz tɪ bi ɪn ˈpɛrɪs ɪn 1900 ˈæftər ˈpɛrɪs lɔst ðə prɛˈmɪr oʊˈlɪmpɪks, dɪd nɑt wɔnt ðə geɪmz tɪ bi ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ˈhoʊstɪd ˈnidɪd] wɪn ðə 1900 oʊˈlɪmpɪk geɪmz feɪld tɪ mit ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ənd wər ˌoʊvərˈʃædoʊd baɪ ðə ˌɛkspəˈzɪʃən universelle*, ðə səˈpɔrtɪd ðə grik aɪˈdiə baɪ ˈgrænɪŋ ðɛm ə ˈsɛkənd ˈsɪriz əv kwɑˈdrɛniəl geɪmz ɪn bɪtˈwin ðə fərst ˈnidɪd] ɔl əv ðə geɪmz wʊd bi ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl oʊˈlɪmpɪk geɪmz; ðə ˈdɪfərəns wɑz ðət hæf əv ðɛm wʊd ˈfɑloʊ aɪˈdiə əv "ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən ˌɪnərˌnæʃəˈnɑli", waɪl ðə ˈəðər hæf wʊd ˈfɑloʊ ðə griks' aɪˈdiə əv ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt hoʊm wɪθ ðə grik ɛz ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz. ðɪs wɑz ə dɪˈpɑrʧər frəm ðə ˈeɪnʧənt ˈskɛʤʊl, bət ɪt wɑz ɪkˈspɛktɪd ðət, ɪf ðə ˈeɪnʧənt griks kʊd kip ə ˌfɔˈrjɪr ˈskɛʤʊl, ðə ˈmɑdərn oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˈmuvmənt kʊd kip ə ˈskɛʤʊl. ɛz 1902 wɑz naʊ tu kloʊz, ənd gris ɪkˈspɪriənst ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz, ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪk geɪmz ɪn ˈæθənz wər ˈskɛʤʊld fər 1906 ðə ɛz ə hoʊl geɪv ðə grik fʊl səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈnidɪd] fərst geɪmz ˈɛdət ðə ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ kəˈmɪti əv ðə 1906 geɪmz ðə 1906 geɪmz wər kwaɪt səkˈsɛsfəl. ənˈlaɪk ðə 1900 1904 ər 1908 geɪmz, ðeɪ wər ˈniðər strɛʧt aʊt ˈoʊvər mənθs nɔr ˌoʊvərˈʃædoʊd baɪ ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌɛksəˈbɪʃən. ðɛr krɪsp ˈfɔrˌmæt wɑz moʊst ˈlaɪkli ˌɪnstrəˈmɛnəl ɪn ðə kənˈtɪnjud ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ðə ˈnidɪd] ðiz geɪmz ˈɔlsoʊ wər ðə fərst geɪmz tɪ hæv ɔl ˈæθˌlit ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən goʊ θru ðə nocs*. ðeɪ wər ðə fərst tɪ hæv ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ əv ðə geɪmz ɛz ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ɪˈvɛnt: ən ɪˈvɛnt æt wɪʧ fər ðə fərst taɪm ðə ˈæθˌlits mɑrʧt ˈɪntu ðə ˈsteɪdiəm ɪn ˈnæʃənəl timz, iʧ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪts ˈnæʃənəl flæg. ðeɪ wər ˈɔlsoʊ ðə fərst wɪθ ən oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˈvɪlɪʤ, æt ðə zappeion*. ðeɪ ˌɪntrəˈdust ðə ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni, ðə ˈreɪzɪŋ əv ˈnæʃənəl flægz fər ðə ˈvɪktərz, ənd ˈsɛvərəl lɛs ˈvɪzəbəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz naʊ ækˈsɛptɪd ɛz ˈnidɪd] geɪmz ˈɛdət ˈsteɪdiəm ɪn 1906 ˈsteɪdiəm ðə geɪmz wər hɛld frəm 22 ˈeɪprəl tɪ 2 meɪ 1906 ɪn ˈæθənz, gris. ðeɪ tʊk pleɪs ɪn ðə ˈsteɪdiəm, wɪʧ hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈhoʊstɪd ðə 1896 geɪmz ənd ðə ˈərliər oʊˈlɪmpɪks əv 1870 ənd 1875 ðə geɪmz ɪkˈskludɪd ˈsɛvərəl ˈdɪsəplənz ðət hæd əˈkərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə pæst tu geɪmz; ɪt wɑz ənˈklɪr ˈwɛðər ðeɪ ɔt tɪ hæv bɪn pɑrt əv ðə oʊˈlɪmpɪk geɪmz. ˈædɪd tɪ ðə ˈproʊˌgræm wər ðə ˈʤævəlɪn θroʊ ənd ðə ˈnidɪd] ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈɛdət ðə geɪmz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə ril ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni, wɔʧt baɪ ə lɑrʤ kraʊd. ðə ˈæθˌlits, fər ðə fərst taɪm, ˈɛnərd ðə ˈsteɪdiəm ɛz ˈnæʃənəl timz, ˈmɑrʧɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd ðɛr flægz. ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈoʊpənɪŋ əv ðə geɪmz wɑz dən baɪ kɪŋ ʤɔrʤ ˈnidɪd] ˈhaɪˌlaɪts ˈɛdət ðə ˈfɪnɪʃ əv ðə ˈmɛrəˌθɑn ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni ˈɛdət sɪks ˈθaʊzənd ˈskuˌlʧɪldrən tʊk pɑrt ɪn ˈpɑsəbli ðə fərst ˈɛvər oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˈkloʊzɪŋ ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni. pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ˈneɪʃənz ˈɛdət 854 ˈæθˌlits, 848 mɛn ənd 6 ˈwɪmən, frəm 20 ˈkəntriz, kəmˈpitɪd æt ðə 1906 pɑrˈtɪsəpənts əv ðə 1906 geɪmz ˈmɛdəlz əˈwɔrdɪd ˈɛdət 78 ɪˈvɛnts ɪn 14 ˈdɪsəplənz, kəmˈpraɪzɪŋ 12 spɔrts, wər pɑrt əv ðə 1906 geɪmz. ˈmɛdəl kaʊnt ˈɛdət ðiz ˈmɛdəlz wər dɪˈstrɪbjətəd bət ər noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd baɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl oʊˈlɪmpɪk kəˈmɪti. hoʊst ˈneɪʃən (gris) ræŋk ˈneɪʃən goʊld ˈsɪlvər brɑnz ˈtoʊtəl 1 fræns 15 9 16 40 2 juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts 12 6 6 24 3 8 13 13 34 4 greɪt ˈbrɪtən 8 11 5 24 5 ˈɪtəli 7 6 3 16 6 sˈwɪtsərlənd 5 6 4 15 7 ˈʤərməni 4 6 5 15 8 ˈnɔrˌweɪ 4 2 1 7 9 ˈɔstriə 3 3 3 9 10 ˈdɛnˌmɑrk 3 2 1 6 11 sˈwidən 2 5 7 14 12 ˈhəŋgəri 2 5 3 10 13 ˈbɛlʤəm 2 1 3 6 14 ˈfɪnˌlænd 2 1 1 4 15 ˈkænədə 1 1 0 2 16 ˈnɛðərləndz 0 1 2 3 17 mɪkst tim 0 1 0 1 turkey[b*] 0 1 0 1 19 ɔˈstreɪljə 0 0 3 3 20 boʊˈhimiə 0 0 2 2 ˈtoʊtəlz 20 ˈneɪʃənz) 78 80 78 236 ðə mɪkst tim ˈmɛdəl ɪz fər ˈæθˌlits ɪn ðə pɛrz 1 maɪl roʊɪŋ ɪˈvɛnt. ɪn ðə ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɪˈvɛnt, ðə ˈsɪlvər ˈmɛdəl fər ðə tim frəm sˈmərnə wɑz wən baɪ frəm ˈvɛriəs ˌnæʃəˈnælɪtiz (ˈɪŋlɪʃ, frɛnʧ ənd ɑrˈminiən), waɪl ðə brɑnz ˈmɛdəl fər ðə tim frəm wɑz wən baɪ ˈɛθnɪk griks kəmˈpitɪŋ fər gris, dɪˈspaɪt boʊθ ˈsɪtiz biɪŋ ˈɑtəmən pəˈzɛʃənz æt ðə taɪm. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈkəntri ðət dɪd nɑt wɪn medals—egypt*. si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət noʊts ˈɛdət ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət
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1906 intercalated games contemporary artwork for the 1906 intercalated games nations 20 athletes 854 (848 men, 6 women) opened by st. louis 1904 london 1908 →
the 1906 intercalated games or 1906 olympic games was an international multi-sport event that was celebrated in athens, greece.[1] they were at the time considered to be olympic games and were referred to as the "second international olympic games in athens" by the international olympic committee.[2] whilst medals were distributed to the participants during these games, the medals are not officially recognized by the ioc today[3] and are not displayed with the collection of olympic medals at the olympic museum in lausanne, switzerland.
origin [ edit ]
the first intercalated games had been scheduled by the international olympic committee in 1901[citation needed] as part of a new schedule, where every four years, in between the internationally organized games, there would be intermediate games held in athens. this was apparently a compromise: after the successful games of athens 1896, the greeks suggested they could organize the games every four years. since they had the accommodation and had proven they could hold well-organized games, they received some support. however, pierre de coubertin, the founder of the international olympic committee, opposed this. coubertin had intended the first games to be in paris in 1900. after paris lost the premiere olympics, coubertin did not want the games to be permanently hosted elsewhere.[citation needed]
when the 1900 olympic games failed to meet expectations and were overshadowed by the exposition universelle, the ioc supported the greek idea by granting them a second series of quadrennial games in between the first series.[citation needed] all of the games would be international olympic games; the difference was that half of them would follow coubertin's idea of "organisation internationale", while the other half would follow the greeks' idea of a permanent home with the greek noc as experienced organizers. this was a departure from the ancient schedule, but it was expected that, if the ancient greeks could keep a four-year schedule, the modern olympic movement could keep a two-year schedule. as 1902 was now too close, and greece experienced internal difficulties, the 2nd olympic games in athens were scheduled for 1906. the ioc as a whole gave the greek noc full support for the organization.[citation needed]
first intercalated games [ edit ]
the organizing committee of the 1906 games
the 1906 games were quite successful. unlike the 1900, 1904 or 1908 games, they were neither stretched out over months nor overshadowed by an international exhibition. their crisp format was most likely instrumental in the continued existence of the games.[citation needed]
these games also were the first games to have all athlete registration go through the nocs. they were the first to have the opening of the games as a separate event: an event at which for the first time the athletes marched into the stadium in national teams, each following its national flag. they were also the first with an olympic village, at the zappeion. they introduced the closing ceremony, the raising of national flags for the victors, and several less visible changes now accepted as tradition.[citation needed]
games [ edit ]
panathinaiko stadium in 1906
panathinaiko stadium
the games were held from 22 april to 2 may 1906, in athens, greece. they took place in the panathenaic stadium, which had already hosted the 1896 games and the earlier zappas olympics of 1870 and 1875. the games excluded several disciplines that had occurred during the past two games; it was unclear whether they ought to have been part of the olympic games. added to the program were the javelin throw and the pentathlon.[citation needed]
opening [ edit ]
the games included a real opening ceremony, watched by a large crowd. the athletes, for the first time, entered the stadium as national teams, marching behind their flags. the official opening of the games was done by king george i.[citation needed]
highlights [ edit ]
the finish of the marathon
closing ceremony [ edit ]
six thousand schoolchildren took part in possibly the first ever olympic closing ceremony.
participating nations [ edit ]
854 athletes, 848 men and 6 women, from 20 countries, competed at the 1906 intercalated games.[1]
participants of the 1906 games
medals awarded [ edit ]
78 events in 14 disciplines, comprising 12 sports, were part of the 1906 games.
medal count [ edit ]
these medals were distributed but are no longer recognized by the international olympic committee.
* host nation (greece)
rank nation gold silver bronze total 1 france 15 9 16 40 2 united states 12 6 6 24 3 greece* 8 13 13 34 4 great britain 8 11 5 24 5 italy 7 6 3 16 6 switzerland 5 6 4 15 7 germany 4 6 5 15 8 norway 4 2 1 7 9 austria 3 3 3 9 10 denmark 3 2 1 6 11 sweden 2 5 7 14 12 hungary 2 5 3 10 13 belgium 2 1 3 6 14 finland 2 1 1 4 15 canada 1 1 0 2 16 netherlands 0 1 2 3 17 mixed team 0 1 0 1 turkey[b] 0 1 0 1 19 australia 0 0 3 3 20 bohemia 0 0 2 2 totals (20 nations) 78 80 78 236
the mixed team medal is for belgian/greek athletes in the coxed pairs 1 mile rowing event. in the football event, the silver medal for the team from smyrna was won by footballers from various nationalities (english, french and armenian), while the bronze medal for the team from thessalonica was won by ethnic greeks competing for greece, despite both cities being ottoman possessions at the time.
the only country that did not win medals—egypt.
see also [ edit ]
notes [ edit ]
references [ edit ]
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ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ θruaʊt hɪz ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn, ˈdɑnəld ʤeɪ. trəmp həz kleɪmd ðət ˈʧaɪnə ɪz ˈstilɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkən ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ʤɑbz. ɪn ə spiʧ tɪ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈnæʃənəl kənˈvɛnʃən ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ˈmɪstər. trəmp ðə ˌnɑməˈni fər ðə ˈprɛzɪdənsi sɛd ðət treɪd deals”*” hæd hərt ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ʤɑbz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ˈmɪstər. trəmp ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɑrgjud ðət əˈmɛrɪkən səˈpɔrt fər ɪmˈbreɪs əv fri treɪd hæd bɪn ə ““colossal”*” mɪˈsteɪk. æt wən pɔɪnt, ˈmɪstər. ˈɑrgjəmənt hæd ˈmɛrət. wɪθ ɪts lɑrʤ pul əv ˈwərkərz hu ərnd məʧ loʊər ˈweɪʤɪz ðən ðɛr əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts, ˈʧaɪnə əˈtræktəd ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ rɪˈdus kɔsts, ˈboʊlstər ˌprɑfɪtəˈbɪlɪti ənd kip ˈpraɪsɪz loʊ. bɪtˈwin 1999 ənd 2011 ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts lɔst æt list tu ˈmɪljən ʤɑbz bɪˈkəz əv ə sərʤ ɪn ʧaɪˈniz ˌɪmˈpɔrts, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈstədi ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl əv ˈleɪbər ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks. ɪn ˈʧaɪnə, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈwərkərz feɪs ə mɔr ˈtrəbəld ˈaʊˌtlʊk ðən ˈmɪstər. trəmp səˈʤɛsts. ðeɪ ər ˈluzɪŋ ðɛr ʤɑbz bɪˈkəz əv ə sloʊɪŋ dəˈmɛstɪk ɪˈkɑnəmi, ˈraɪzɪŋ kɔsts ənd ˈstɪfər ˈfɔrən ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ frəm ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts.
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beijing — throughout his presidential campaign, donald j. trump has claimed that china is stealing american manufacturing jobs.
in a speech to the republican national convention on thursday, mr. trump — the party’s nominee for the presidency — said that “disastrous trade deals” had hurt manufacturing jobs in the united states. mr. trump also argued that american support for china’s embrace of free trade had been a “colossal” mistake.
at one point, mr. trump’s argument had merit. with its large pool of workers who earned much lower wages than their american counterparts, china attracted manufacturers seeking to reduce costs, bolster profitability and keep prices low. between 1999 and 2011, the united states lost at least two million jobs because of a surge in chinese imports, according to a study published in the journal of labor economics.
in today’s china, however, workers face a more troubled outlook than mr. trump suggests. they are losing their jobs because of a slowing domestic economy, rising costs and stiffer foreign competition — including from the united states.
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juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz (ˈrɔɪtərz) ðə u.n*. ˈʤɛnərəl əˈsɛmbli ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋli əˈpruvd ðə də ˈfæktoʊ ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən əv ə ˈsɑvrən ˌpælɪˈstɪniən steɪt ˈæftər ˌpælɪˈstɪniən ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈmæmud əˈbɑs kɔld ɔn ðə wərld ˈbɑdi tɪ ˈɪʃu ɪts lɔŋ ˈoʊvərˈdu certificate.”*.” ðɛr wər 138 voʊts ɪn ˈfeɪvər, naɪn əˈgɛnst ənd 41 əbˈstɛnʧənz. θri ˈkəntriz dɪd nɑt teɪk pɑrt ɪn ðə voʊt tɪ ˈəpˈgreɪd ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniən əbˈzərvər ˈstætəs æt ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz tɪ state”*” frəm ““entity.”*.” ðə əˈsɛmbli əˈpruvd ðə ˈəpˈgreɪd dɪˈspaɪt θrɛts baɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈɪzriəl tɪ ˈpənɪʃ ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz baɪ wɪθˈhoʊldɪŋ fəndz fər ðə wɛst bæŋk ˈgəvərnmənt. u.n*. ˈɛnvɔɪz sɛd ˈɪzriəl maɪt əˈvɔɪd hɑrʃ riˌtæliˈeɪʃən ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniənz dɪd nɑt sik tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkrɪmənəl kɔrt. ðə voʊt keɪm ˈæftər əˈbɑs dɪˈnaʊnst ˈɪzriəl fər ɪts ˈpɑləsiz ənd ðə əv wɔr crimes”*” frəm ðə u.n*. ˈpoʊdiəm, rɪˈmɑrks ðət ɪˈlɪsɪtɪd ə fˈjʊriəs rɪˈspɑns frəm ðə ʤuɪʃ steɪt. jɪrz əˈgoʊ ɔn ðɪs deɪ, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈʤɛnərəl əˈsɛmbli əˈdɑptəd ˌrɛzəˈluʃən 181 wɪʧ pɑrˈtɪʃənd ðə lænd əv hɪˈstɔrɪk ˈpæləˌstaɪn ˈɪntu tu steɪts ənd bɪˈkeɪm ðə bərθ sərˈtɪfɪkət fər israel,”*,” əˈbɑs toʊld ðə əˈsɛmbli ˈæftər rɪˈsivɪŋ ə ˈstændɪŋ oʊˈveɪʃən. ˈʤɛnərəl əˈsɛmbli ɪz kɔld əˈpɑn təˈdeɪ tɪ ˈɪʃu ə bərθ sərˈtɪfɪkət əv ðə ˌriˈæləˌti əv ðə steɪt əv palestine,”*,” hi sɛd. ˌɪzˈreɪli praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈbɛnʤəmən ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu rɪˈspɑndɪd kˈwɪkli, kənˈdɛmɪŋ abbas’*’ krɪˈtik əv ˈɪzriəl ɛz ənd poisonous,”*,” ənd fʊl əv propaganda.”*.” ər nɑt ðə wərdz əv ə mæn hu wɔnts peace,”*,” ˌnɛtənˈjɑˌhu ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt riˈlist baɪ hɪz ˈɔfəs ɪn ˈɪzriəl. æt list 17 ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈneɪʃənz ˈvoʊtɪd ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniən ˌrɛzəˈluʃən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈɔstriə, fræns, ˈɪtəli, ˈnɔrˌweɪ ənd speɪn. əˈbɑs hæd ˈfoʊkɪst hɪz ˈlɑbiɪŋ ˈɛfərts ɔn ˈjʊrəp, wɪʧ səˈplaɪz məʧ əv ðə eɪd ðə ˌpælɪˈstɪniən əˈθɔrəti rɪˈlaɪz ɔn. ˈbrɪtən, ˈʤərməni ənd ˈəðərz ʧoʊz tɪ əbˈsteɪn. ðə ʧɛk riˈpəblɪk wɑz juˈnik ɪn ˈjʊrəp, ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈɪzriəl, ˈkænədə, ˈpænəˌmɑ ənd ˈtaɪni pəˈsɪfɪk ˈaɪlənd steɪts laɪks nauru*, ˈpælaʊ ənd ˌmaɪkroʊˈniʒə ɪn ˈvoʊtɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə muv. ˈæftər ðə voʊt, juz. æmˈbæsədər tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈsuzən raɪs kɔld fər ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiət rɪˈzəmʃən əv pis tɔks. ˌpælɪˈstɪniən ˈpipəl wɪl weɪk əp təˈmɑˌroʊ ənd faɪnd ðət ˈlɪtəl əˈbaʊt ðɛr lɪvz həz ʧeɪnʤd seɪv ðət ðə ˈprɑspɛkts əv ə ˈdʊrəbəl pis hæv ˈoʊnli receded,”*,” ʃi sɛd. 18 ˈɪmɪʤɪz) juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts kɔlz əˈpɑn boʊθ ðə ˈpɑrtiz tɪ ˈrɛzəˌmeɪ dɪˈrɛkt tɔks wɪˈθaʊt ˌprikənˈdɪʃənz ɔn ɔl ðə ˈɪʃuz ðət dɪˈvaɪd ðɛm ənd wi plɛʤ ðət ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɪl bi ðɛr tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ˈpɑrtiz ˈvɪgərəsli ɪn səʧ efforts,”*,” raɪs sɛd. ʃi ˈædɪd ðət boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz ʃʊd ˈɛni ˈfərðər proʊˈvɑkətɪv ˈækʃənz ɪn ðə ˈriʤən, ɪn nu jɔrk ər elsewhere.”*.”
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united nations (reuters) - the 193-nation u.n. general assembly on thursday overwhelmingly approved the de facto recognition of a sovereign palestinian state after palestinian president mahmoud abbas called on the world body to issue its long overdue “birth certificate.”
there were 138 votes in favor, nine against and 41 abstentions. three countries did not take part in the vote to upgrade the palestinian authority’s observer status at the united nations to “non-member state” from “entity.”
the assembly approved the upgrade despite threats by the united states and israel to punish the palestinians by withholding funds for the west bank government. u.n. envoys said israel might avoid harsh retaliation as long as the palestinians did not seek to join the international criminal court.
the much-anticipated vote came after abbas denounced israel for its “aggressive policies and the perpetration of war crimes” from the u.n. podium, remarks that elicited a furious response from the jewish state.
“sixty-five years ago on this day, the united nations general assembly adopted resolution 181, which partitioned the land of historic palestine into two states and became the birth certificate for israel,” abbas told the 193-nation assembly after receiving a standing ovation.
“the general assembly is called upon today to issue a birth certificate of the reality of the state of palestine,” he said.
israeli prime minister benjamin netanyahu responded quickly, condemning abbas’ critique of israel as “hostile and poisonous,” and full of “false propaganda.”
“these are not the words of a man who wants peace,” netanyahu also said in a statement released by his office in israel.
at least 17 european nations voted in favor of the palestinian resolution, including austria, france, italy, norway and spain. abbas had focused his lobbying efforts on europe, which supplies much of the aid the palestinian authority relies on. britain, germany and others chose to abstain.
the czech republic was unique in europe, joining the united states, israel, canada, panama and tiny pacific island states likes nauru, palau and micronesia in voting against the move.
after the vote, u.s. ambassador to the united nations susan rice called for the immediate resumption of peace talks.
“the palestinian people will wake up tomorrow and find that little about their lives has changed save that the prospects of a durable peace have only receded,” she said.
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“the united states calls upon both the parties to resume direct talks without preconditions on all the issues that divide them and we pledge that the united states will be there to support the parties vigorously in such efforts,” rice said.
she added that both parties should “avoid any further provocative actions in the region, in new york or elsewhere.”
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təˈdeɪ, ˈgugəl ɪz əˈnaʊnsɪŋ ðə ˈdeɪbju əv, ən ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv tɪ brɪŋ ɑr ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz tɪ ðə ˈmæsɪz laɪk ˈnɛvər ˌbiˈfɔr. ˈpriviəsli ˈtæŋgoʊ wɑz ðə bɛst weɪ tɪ si ˈpaʊərfəl ɑr ˈprɑʤɛkts ɪn ˈækʃən, bət ðət rikˈwaɪərd ˈɛkstrə ˈkæmərəz ənd ˈsɛnsərz ɔn haɪɛnd tɪ wərk. naʊ, ɪz ˈeɪmɪŋ tɪ dɪˈmɑkrəˌtaɪz ɑgˈmɛntəd ˌriˈæləˌti fər ðə ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm baɪ ˈɔfərɪŋ ə səˈluʃən. “[“[today*] bi əˈnaʊnsɪŋ ə ˈprivˌju əv ˈsəmθɪŋ wi kɔl ‘‘arcore,'”*,'” sɛd kleɪ, ˌviˈpi əv ɑgˈmɛntəd ənd ˈvərʧuəl ˌriˈæləˌti æt ˈgugəl, ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ uploadvr*. ən fər ˈænˌdrɔɪd dɪˈvɛləpərz tɪ bɪld ɑr ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz fər ˈænˌdrɔɪd foʊnz ə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈoʊnli səˈluʃən fər duɪŋ stəf. soʊ ˈbeɪsɪkli ˈbrɪŋɪŋ məʧ əv ðə ˈgʊdnɪs əv ˈtæŋgoʊ ˈɔntu ə ˈvɛri brɔd reɪnʤ əv ɑr devices.”*.” ˈstɑrtɪŋ raɪt naʊ, ˈgugəl ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈoʊnərz əv ðə ˈgugəl ˈpɪksəl (ˈrənɪŋ ˈɔrioʊ) ənd ˈgæləksi (ˈrənɪŋ æt list nougat*,) wɪθ ə ˈtərgət əv ˈrənɪŋ ɔn ˈmɪljənz əv dɪˈvaɪsɪz baɪ winter,”*,” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ. ˈəðər ˈænˌdrɔɪd dɪˈvaɪsɪz frəm ˈsæmˌsəŋ ɛz wɛl ɛz frəm lg*, huawei*, ənd ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ɔl gɪt səˈpɔrt ˈoʊvər taɪm ɛz wɛl. ɪn ən eɪm tɪ meɪk ɪt ɛz ˈizi ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ɑr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, wɪl wərk wɪθ java/opengl*, ˈjunɪti, ənd ənˈril frəm deɪ wən. ˈeɪmɪŋ tɪ ˈlɛvərɪʤ θri kɔr ˈprɪnsəpəlz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə priˈpɛrd ˈsteɪtmənt frəm ðə ˈkəmpəˌni: ˈmoʊʃən ˈtrækɪŋ: ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈkæmərə tɪ əbˈzərv ˈfiʧər pɔɪnts ɪn ðə rum ənd ˈsɛnsər ˈdætə, dɪˈtərmənz boʊθ ðə pəˈzɪʃən ənd ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən (poʊz) əv ðə foʊn ɛz ɪt muvz. ˈvərʧuəl ˈɑbʤɛkts rɪˈmeɪn ˈækjərətli pleɪst. ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈkæmərə tɪ əbˈzərv ˈfiʧər pɔɪnts ɪn ðə rum ənd ˈsɛnsər ˈdætə, dɪˈtərmənz boʊθ ðə pəˈzɪʃən ənd ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən (poʊz) əv ðə foʊn ɛz ɪt muvz. ˈvərʧuəl ˈɑbʤɛkts rɪˈmeɪn ˈækjərətli pleɪst. ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ: ɪt ɪz ˈkɑmən fər ɑr ˈɑbʤɛkts tɪ bi pleɪst ɔn ə flɔr ər ə ˈteɪbəl. kən dɪˈtɛkt ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl ˈsərfəsɪz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈfiʧər pɔɪnts ɪt ˈjuzɪz fər ˈmoʊʃən ˈtrækɪŋ. ɪt ɪz ˈkɑmən fər ɑr ˈɑbʤɛkts tɪ bi pleɪst ɔn ə flɔr ər ə ˈteɪbəl. kən dɪˈtɛkt ˌhɔrəˈzɑntəl ˈsərfəsɪz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈfiʧər pɔɪnts ɪt ˈjuzɪz fər ˈmoʊʃən ˈtrækɪŋ. laɪt ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃən: əbˈzərvz ðə ˈæmbiənt laɪt ɪn ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ənd meɪks ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl fər dɪˈvɛləpərz tɪ laɪt ˈvərʧuəl ˈɑbʤɛkts ɪn weɪz ðət mæʧ ðɛr sərˈaʊndɪŋz, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛr əˈpɪrəns ˈivɪn mɔr ˌriəˈlɪstɪk. ˌhænˈzɔn ˌɪmˈprɛʃənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈvɪzɪt tɪ sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈɔfəs læst wik aɪ gɑt ðə ʧæns tɪ si θri ˈdɪfərənt ˈdɛˌmoʊz ʃoʊɪŋ ɔf wət ðə kən du. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ həz bɪn bɪlt ɔf əv ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən leɪd baɪ ˈtæŋgoʊ ˈpriviəsli ənd ɪz pruf əv ðə əv ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ðət ˈgugəl ɪz kriˈeɪtɪŋ. æt ðə ˈmitɪŋ aɪ gɑt tɪ spik wɪθ ʤɑn ˈwaɪli, ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv dɪˈzaɪn, ənd, dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈprɑdəkt fər ˈgugəl ɑr, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə əˈfɔrˌmɛnʃənd kleɪ. ðə fərst ˈdɛmoʊ wɑz ə ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈstændərd ɑr pruf əv ˈkɑnsɛpt ðət lɛt mi pleɪs ˈmɑdəlz ɔn ə ˈteɪbəlˌtɑp, muv ðɛm əraʊnd, ənd ðɛm. aɪ kʊd pleɪ əraʊnd wɪθ ə tri, haʊs, ˈmaʊntən, ənd ˈlɪtəl ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈroʊˌbət ˈmæˌskɑt. ɛz greɪt ɛz ɪt wɑz ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv θɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə hoʊl ˈdɛmoʊ wɑz ðət ˈɛvəri ˈmɑdəl wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd ˌɪnˈsaɪd blɑks, ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈmɑdəlɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm frəm ˈgugəl. ðɪs ˈplætˌfɔrm, kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ tɪlt brəʃ, ɪz drəˈmætɪkəli loʊərɪŋ ðə ˈbɛriər tɪ ˈɛntri fər ˌɪnˈtrɛpəd dɪˈzaɪnərz ənd ˈplætˌfɔrmz laɪk ˈoʊnli sərv ɛz ə minz tɪ ˈfərðər ɪkˈspænd ˈækˌsɛs. wən əv maɪ ˈəðər ˈfeɪvərɪt bɪts əv ðə ˈdɛmoʊ ɪz haʊ ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈroʊˌbəts ˈwɑbəld əraʊnd ənd wɔkt əˈkrɔs ðə ˈteɪbəl. ɪf aɪ lind daʊn ənd pʊt ðə foʊn kloʊz ɪˈnəf ˈivɪn lʊk æt mi ənd weɪv. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ pərˈsɪstɪd ɪf aɪ muvd ðə foʊn əˈweɪ ənd ˈpɔɪntɪd æt ðə graʊnd ənd ðə ˈkæmərə wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈivɪn træk ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən ənd pleɪn əv flæt ˈsərfəsɪz səʧ ɛz ðə ˈteɪbəl ənd flɔr. ðɪs mɛnt aɪ kʊd muv ˈmɑdəlz frəm wən ˈsərfəs tɪ ðə nɛkst ənd rɪˈteɪn ðɛr skeɪl ənd saɪz ˈrɛlətɪv tɪ ðə rɛst əv ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ɔl əv ðət wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni dɛpθ ˈsɛnsərz ər ˈɛkstrə ˈkæmərəz ɔn ðə foʊnz. ɪt wɑz ˈrənɪŋ ɔn ə ˈgugəl ˈpɪksəl. ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈdɛmoʊ ˈgugəl ʃoʊd mi wɑz wən ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn lɑrʤ, ˈmɑdəld ˈkɛrɪktərz. iʧ əv ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz ɔn dɪˈspleɪ (ə laɪən, tɪn mæn, ənd ˈskærˌkroʊ) wər ɔl θimd ˈæftər ðə ˈwɪzərd əv ɑz, bɪˈkəz waɪ nɑt? ðeɪ tʊk mi tɪ əˈnəðər ˈkɔrnər əv ðə rum ənd pleɪst ðə laɪən nɛkst tɪ ʧɛr wɪθ ə laɪt sɔrs bɪˈhaɪnd ɪm. hi stʊd ðɛr ənd ðə laɪt kæst ˈʃæˌdoʊz əˈkrɔs hɪz ˈtɔrˌsoʊ ɪn ə səˈpraɪzɪŋli ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ˈmænər. ðɛn, ʤɑn ˈwaɪli stɛpt ˈɪntu ðə freɪm ənd stʊd nɛkst tɪ ðə laɪən ɛz ɪt taʊərd ˈoʊvər ɪm, ˈsɪmələr tɪ haʊ ˈstændɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɪmɪʤ əˈbəv. ðə laɪən ðɛn ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd hɪz ˈprɛzəns, lʊkt daʊn æt ɪm, ənd flɛkst ɪts ˈməsəlz tɪ traɪ ənd dɪˈspleɪ hɪz ˌsupɪriˈɔrɪti. ðɛn ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ˈmɑrkmən, ə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈmænɪʤər æt ˈgugəl, tərnd ɔf ðə laɪts. ðə laɪən græbd hɪz treɪl, lʊkt əp æt ðə ˈsilɪŋ, ənd ɪn fɪr. ɪt wɑz ə rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˈsɪriz əv ɪˈvɛnts ənd ɪt ɔl pleɪd aʊt ˈflɔləsli raɪt ˌbiˈfɔr maɪ aɪz. ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈdɛmoʊ aɪ sɔ ˈdʊrɪŋ maɪ ˈmitɪŋ wɑz ðə moʊst ˈpræktɪkəl. ˈjuzɪŋ ə ɔn ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈmɛʒərd ə ˈkɔrnər əv ɑr ˈmitɪŋ rum ˈjuzɪŋ hɪz ˈfɪŋgər ɔn ðə skrin. hi drægd ə ˈkərsər tɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə lɛŋθ, wɪdθ, ənd haɪt əv ðə taɪp əv ʧɛr hi ˈwɔntɪd ənd ðɛn ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt dɪˈspleɪd rɪˈzəlts ˈoʊnli fər ʧɛrz ðət wʊd fɪt ɪn ðət speɪs. aɪ kən si ðɪs taɪp əv tɛkˈnɑləʤi biɪŋ juzd tɪ baɪ ˈfərnɪʧər ɛz ʃoʊn, tɪ baɪ peɪnt fər wɔlz, ʃits ənd ˈblæŋkəts fər bɛdz, ˈpɪloʊz fər ˈkaʊʧɪz, ənd soʊ məʧ mɔr. ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli ðɪs ˈleɪtəst ɪgˈzæmpəl ɔn ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ɪz ðə fərst sin əv wət kleɪ dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ““webar”*” wɛˈrɪn ðə ˈjuzər ˈæˌkʧuəli nid tɪ hæv ə ˈspɛʃəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˌɪnˈstɔld ɔn ðɛr foʊn tɪ gɪt ɪt tɪ wərk. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ʤɪst baɪ ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ðət həz ðə koʊd ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd wɪθ ə kəmˈpætəbəl ˈbraʊzər, ðə foʊn kən ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈʧænəl ən ɑr ɪkˈspɪriəns frəm ðə wɛb dɪˈrɛkli. ɪn ə wərld wɛr ˈæpəl ɔˈrɛdi həz ɪt wɑz ˈoʊnli ə ˈmætər əv taɪm ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgugəl ənˈveɪld ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈsɪmələr. wɪθ səˈpɔrt fər boʊθ ˈpɪksəl ənd ˈgæləksi dɪˈvaɪsɪz ˈstɑrtɪŋ təˈdeɪ, ənd ˈivɪn mɔr ˈænˌdrɔɪd foʊnz ɪn ðə nɪr fˈjuʧər, ðə ˈnəmbər əv ɪn ðə wərld ɪz ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ drəˈmætɪkəli ˌɪnˈkris. ju kən rɛd mɔr əˈbaʊt plænz fər ənd wət ɪt minz fər kəmˈpjutɪŋ raɪt hir. wət du ju θɪŋk əv? du ju hæv plænz tɪ dɪˈvɛləp fər ɪt? lɛt ˈjuˈɛs noʊ daʊn ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts bɪˈloʊ! fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ju kən rɛd ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈgugəl blɔg poʊst hir ənd faɪnd ðə ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈditeɪlz hir. tægd wɪθ:,
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today, google is announcing the debut of arcore, an initiative to bring mobile-powered ar experiences to the masses like never before. previously google’s tango was the best way to see powerful ar projects in action, but that required extra cameras and sensors on high-end smartphones to work. now, arcore is aiming to democratize augmented reality for the android ecosystem by offering a software-only solution.
“[today] we’ll be announcing a preview of something we call ‘arcore,'” said clay bavor, vp of augmented and virtual reality at google, during an interview with uploadvr. “it’s an sdk for android developers to build ar experiences for android phones — a software only solution for doing stuff. so basically we’re bringing much of the goodness of tango onto a very broad range of ar devices.”
starting right now, google is making the arcore sdk available to owners of the google pixel (running oreo) and samsung’s galaxy s8 (running at least 7.0 nougat,) with a target of running on millions of devices by “this winter,” according to bavor. other android devices from samsung as well as smartphones from lg, huawei, and asus are expected to all get support over time as well.
in an aim to make it as easy as possible to develop ar applications, arcore will work with java/opengl, unity, and unreal from day one. it’s aiming to leverage three core principles, according to a prepared statement from the company:
motion tracking: using the phone’s camera to observe feature points in the room and imu sensor data, arcore determines both the position and orientation (pose) of the phone as it moves. virtual objects remain accurately placed.
using the phone’s camera to observe feature points in the room and imu sensor data, arcore determines both the position and orientation (pose) of the phone as it moves. virtual objects remain accurately placed. environmental understanding: it is common for ar objects to be placed on a floor or a table. arcore can detect horizontal surfaces using the same feature points it uses for motion tracking.
it is common for ar objects to be placed on a floor or a table. arcore can detect horizontal surfaces using the same feature points it uses for motion tracking. light estimation: arcore observes the ambient light in the environment and makes it possible for developers to light virtual objects in ways that match their surroundings, making their appearance even more realistic.
hands-on impressions
during a visit to google’s san francisco office last week i got the chance to see three different arcore demos showing off what the sdk can do. everything has been built off of the foundation laid by tango previously and is proof of the scalability of the technologies that google is creating. at the meeting i got to speak with jon wiley, the director of immersive design, and nikhil chandhok, director of product for google ar, as well as the aforementioned clay bavor.
the first demo was a relatively standard ar proof of concept that let me place 3d models on a tabletop, move them around, and resize them. i could play around with a tree, house, mountain, and little android robot mascot. as great as it was the most impressive thing about the whole demo was that every model was created inside blocks, the latest vr 3d modeling program from google. this platform, combined with tilt brush, is dramatically lowering the barrier to entry for intrepid designers and platforms like arcore only serve as a means to further expand access.
one of my other favorite bits of the demo is how the little android robots wobbled around and walked across the table. if i leaned down and put the phone close enough they’d even look at me and wave. everything persisted if i moved the phone away and pointed at the ground and the camera was able to even track the location and plane of flat surfaces such as the table and floor. this meant i could move models from one surface to the next and they’d retain their scale and size relative to the rest of the environment.
all of that without any depth sensors or extra cameras on the phones. it was running on a google pixel.
the second demo google showed me was one focused on large, life-sized 3d modeled characters. each of the characters on display (a lion, tin man, and scarecrow) were all themed after the wizard of oz, because why not? they took me to another corner of the room and placed the lion next to chair with a light source behind him. he stood there and the light cast shadows across his torso in a surprisingly realistic manner.
then, jon wiley stepped into the frame and stood next to the lion as it towered over him, similar to how i’m standing in the image above. the lion then recognized his presence, looked down at him, and flexed its muscles to try and display his superiority. then elizabeth markman, a communications manager at google, turned off the lights. the lion grabbed his trail, looked up at the ceiling, and quivered in fear. it was a remarkable series of events and it all played out flawlessly right before my eyes.
the final demo i saw during my meeting was the most practical. using a plugin on the wayfair website nikhil chandhok measured a corner of our meeting room using his finger on the phone’s screen. he dragged a cursor to represent the length, width, and height of the type of chair he wanted and then the wayfair website displayed results only for chairs that would fit in that space. i can see this type of technology being used to buy furniture as shown, to buy paint for walls, sheets and blankets for beds, pillows for couches, and so much more. it’s exciting to think about.
interestingly this latest example on the wayfair website is the first i’ve seen of what clay bavor described as “webar” wherein the user doesn’t actually need to have a special application installed on their phone to get it to work. instead, just by visiting the website that has the arcore code implemented with a compatible browser, the phone can automatically channel an ar experience from the web directly.
in a world where apple already has arkit it was only a matter of time before google unveiled something similar. with support for both pixel and galaxy s8 devices starting today, and even more android phones in the near future, the number of ar-capable smartphones in the world is starting to dramatically increase. you can read more about google’s plans for arcore and what it means for immersive computing right here.
what do you think of google’s arcore? do you have plans to develop for it? let us know down in the comments below! for more information about arcore you can read the official google blog post here and find the sdk and development details here.
tagged with: arcore, arkit
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ðə ræt ɪz ðə fərst əv ðə ˈsaɪkəl əv ˈænəməlz wɪʧ əˈpɪr ɪn ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˈzoʊdiˌæk rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˈkæləndər. ðə jɪr əv ðə ræt ɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə ˈərθli brænʧ ˈsɪmbəl jɪrz ənd ðə faɪv ˈɛləmənts ˈɛdət ˈpipəl bɔrn wɪˈθɪn ðiz deɪt ˈreɪnʤɪz kən bi sɛd tɪ hæv bɪn bɔrn ɪn ðə "jɪr əv ðə ræt", waɪl ˈbɛrɪŋ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˌɛləˈmɛnəl ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪz ə ʧɑrt əv ðə deɪts əv ðə grəˈgɔriən ˈkæləndər. stɑrt deɪt ɛnd deɪt ˈhɛvənli brænʧ 31 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1900 18 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1901 ˈmɛtəl ræt 18 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1912 05 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1913 ˈwɔtər ræt 5 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1924 23 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1925 wʊd ræt 24 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1936 10 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1937 faɪər ræt 10 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1948 28 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1949 ərθ ræt 28 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1960 14 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1961 ˈmɛtəl ræt 15 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1972 2 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1973 ˈwɔtər ræt 2 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1984 19 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1985 wʊd ræt 19 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1996 6 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1997 faɪər ræt 7 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2008 25 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2009 ərθ ræt 25 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2020 11 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2021 ˈmɛtəl ræt 11 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2032 30 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2033 ˈwɔtər ræt 30 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2044 16 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2045 wʊd ræt 15 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2056 03 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2057 faɪər ræt 03 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2068 22 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2069 ərθ ræt 22 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2080 08 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2081 ˈmɛtəl ræt 07 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2092 26 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2093 ˈwɔtər ræt kəmˌpætəˈbɪləˌti ˈɛdət saɪn bɛst mæʧ mæʧ noʊ mæʧ ræt ræt, ˈdrægən, ˈməŋki sneɪk, ˈrustər, ɑks, pɪg, ˈræbɪt, goʊt, dɔg, ˈtaɪgər hɔrs ˈbeɪsɪk əˈstrɑləʤi ˈɛləmənts ˈɛdət ˈərθli ˈbrænʧɪz: zi ðə faɪv ˈɛləmənts: ˈwɔtər jɪn jæŋ: jæŋ ˈlunər mənθ: ˈilɛvənθ ˈləki ˈnəmbərz: 2 3 6 8 əˈvɔɪd: 4 5 9 ˈləki flaʊərz: ˈlɪli əv iʧ ənd ˈɛvəri ˈspiʃiz ˈləki ˈkələrz: goʊld, blu, grin; əˈvɔɪd: ˈjɛloʊ, braʊn ˈsizən: ˈwɪntər ˈkloʊsəst ˈwɛstərn ˈzoʊdiˌæk: si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət ˈfərðər ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈɛdət
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the rat (子) is the first of the 12-year cycle of animals which appear in the chinese zodiac related to the chinese calendar. the year of the rat is associated with the earthly branch symbol 子.
years and the five elements [ edit ]
people born within these date ranges can be said to have been born in the "year of the rat", while bearing the following elemental sign:[1][2] the following is a chart of the dates of the gregorian calendar.
start date end date heavenly branch 31 january 1900 18 february 1901 metal rat 18 february 1912 05 february 1913 water rat 5 february 1924 23 january 1925 wood rat 24 january 1936 10 february 1937 fire rat 10 february 1948 28 january 1949 earth rat 28 january 1960 14 february 1961 metal rat 15 february 1972 2 february 1973 water rat 2 february 1984 19 february 1985 wood rat 19 february 1996 6 february 1997 fire rat 7 february 2008 25 january 2009 earth rat 25 january 2020 11 february 2021 metal rat 11 february 2032 30 january 2033 water rat 30 january 2044 16 february 2045 wood rat 15 february 2056 03 february 2057 fire rat 03 february 2068 22 january 2069 earth rat 22 january 2080 08 february 2081 metal rat 07 february 2092 26 january 2093 water rat
compatibility [ edit ]
sign best match match no match rat rat, dragon, monkey snake, rooster, ox, pig, rabbit, goat, dog, tiger horse
basic astrology elements [ edit ]
earthly branches: zi the five elements: water yin yang: yang lunar month: eleventh lucky numbers: 2, 3, 6, 8; avoid: 4, 5, 9 lucky flowers: lily of each and every species lucky colors: gold, blue, green; avoid: yellow, brown season: winter closest western zodiac: sagittarius
see also [ edit ]
references [ edit ]
further reading [ edit ]
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ˈɪndiə ˌənˈkəvərz ˈhɪnˌdu ˈtɛrər grup ðət ˈkɛrid aʊt ˈbɑmɪŋz bleɪmd ɔn ˈɪsləmɪsts ˈɪndiə ɪz ɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ əv ə steɪt əv ʃɑk ˈæftər ˈlərnɪŋ frəm əˈfɪʃəl ˈsɔrsəz ðət ɪts fərst ˈhɪnˌdu ˈtɛrər sɛl meɪ hæv ˈkɛrid aʊt ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈdɛdli ˈbɑmɪŋz ðət wər ˌɪˈnɪʃəli bleɪmd ɔn ˈmɪlətənt ˈməzlɪmz. ðə ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən ɪz ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðə ˈkəntri tɪ kənˈsɪdər səm ˈdɪfəkəlt kˈwɛsʧənz. iˈmeɪl ˈɪndiə ɪz ɪn ˈsəmθɪŋ əv ə steɪt əv ʃɑk ˈæftər ˈlərnɪŋ frəm əˈfɪʃəl ˈsɔrsəz ðət ɪts fərst ˈhɪnˌdu ˈtɛrər sɛl meɪ hæv ˈkɛrid aʊt ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈdɛdli ˈbɑmɪŋz ðət wər ˌɪˈnɪʃəli bleɪmd ɔn ˈmɪlətənt ˈməzlɪmz. ðə ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən ɪz ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðə ˈkəntri tɪ kənˈsɪdər səm ˈdɪfəkəlt kˈwɛsʧənz. æt list 10 ˈpipəl hæv bɪn ərˈɛstɪd ɪn kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl bɔm blæsts ɪn ðə taʊn əv ɪn ðə ˈwɛstərn steɪt əv ˌmɑhərˈɑʃˌtrə ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, wɪʧ lɛft sɪks ˈpipəl dɛd. bət rɪˈpɔrts səˈʤɛst ðət pəˈlis bɪˈliv ðə sɛl meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈkɛrid aʊt ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpriviəs əˈtæks, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ læst jɪrz noʊˈtɔriəs ˈbɑmɪŋ əv ə treɪn ɛn rut tɪ ˈpækɪˌstæn, wɪʧ kɪld 68 ˈpipəl. əˈməŋ ðə əˈlɛʤd ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə sɛl ər ə ˈsərvɪŋ ˈɑrmi ˈɔfɪsər ənd ə ˈhɪnˌdu məŋk. bɔm əˈtæks ər nɑt ənˈkɑmən ɪn ˈɪndiə ðɛr həz bɪn ə ˈfləri ɪn ˈrisənt mənθs bət pəˈlis ˈjuʒəwəli bleɪm ðɛm ɔn ˈməzlɪm ɪkˈstriməsts, ˈɔfən sɛd tɪ hæv lɪŋks tɪ ˈmɪlətənt grups beɪst ɪn ˈiðər ˈpækɪˌstæn ər ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðə ˈrisənt ˈkrækɪŋ əv ðə əˈlɛʤd ˈhɪnˌdu sɛl həz fɔrst ˈɪndiə tɪ feɪs səm ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈɪʃuz. ə ˈkəntri ðət praɪdz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɔn pərˈpɔrtɪd rɪˈlɪʤəs ənd ˈkəlʧərəl ˌtɑlərˈeɪʃən ən æmˈbɪʃən ðət ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti ˈɔfən fɔlz ʃɔrt həz bɪn meɪd tɪ æsk ˌɪtˈsɛlf haʊ ðɪs sɛl kʊd ˈɔpərˌeɪt fər soʊ lɔŋ. ˈɪndiəz ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, wɪʧ praɪdz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɔn ɪts prəˈfɛʃənəˌlɪzəm, həz bɪn fɔrst tɪ ˈɔrdər ən ɪmˈbɛrəsɪŋ ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri. ðə drɪp əv ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz frəm pəˈlis həz ˈɔlsoʊ kɔzd rɛd ˈfeɪsɪz fər ˈɪndiəz meɪn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən, ðə ˈhɪnˌdu ˈnæʃənəlɪst ʤəˈnɑtə ˈpɑrti (bjp*), əˈhɛd əv steɪt poʊlz ənd ə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈskɛʤʊld fər ˈərli nɛkst jɪr. ðə ənd ɪts praɪm ˌmɪnɪˈstiriəl ˈkænədɪt, læl ˈkrɪʃnə ædˈvɑni, hæv lɔŋ əˈkjuzd ðə ˈkɑŋgrəs ˈgəvərnmənt əv biɪŋ sɔft ɔn ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ˈməzlɪmz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə həz rɪfˈjuzd tɪ kɔl fər ə ˈklæmpˌdaʊn ɔn ˈhɪnˌdu grups, ənd læst wik ˈmɪstər ædˈvɑni ˈivɪn ðə pəˈlis ˈoʊvər ðə weɪ ðeɪ kˈwɛsʧənd wən əv ðə əˈlɛʤd sɛl ˈmɛmbərz, ə ˈwʊmən kɔld sɪŋ thakur*. ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər, sɪŋ, foʊnd hɪz ˈraɪvəl tɪ æsk ɪm nɑt tɪ ðə ˈɪʃu ər ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. "ðɛr ɪz ə strɔŋ keɪs soʊ lɛt ðə pəˈlis du ðɛr ʤɑb," hi toʊld ˈmɪstər ædˈvɑni. waɪl səm ˈkɑmənˌteɪtərz hæv ɪkˈsprɛst səˈpraɪz əˈbaʊt ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri əv ðə əˈlɛʤd sɛl, ˈəðərz hæv ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ðɛr həz bɪn groʊɪŋ kənˈsərn əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpɑsəbəl θrɛt frəm ˈhɪnˌdu ɪkˈstriməsts. ɪn ðə ˈsəmər, tu ˈmɛmbərz əv ə ˈhɪnˌdu grup wər kɪld waɪl ˈpʊtɪŋ təˈgɛðər ə bɔm, ənd tu ˈəðər səˈspɛktɪd ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə seɪm grup daɪd ɪn ˈsɪmələr ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ɪn 2006 ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈsinjər ˈlidərz hæv meɪd noʊ ˈsikrɪt əv ðɛr wɪʃ ðət ˈhɪnˌduz ʃʊd fɔrm ˈsuɪˌsaɪd skwɑdz tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðɛmˈsɛlvz əˈgɛnst ˈməzlɪm ɪkˈstriməsts. bæl ˈθækəri, ˈlidər əv ə grup kɔld ðə ˈsɛnə, wɪʧ həz bɪn riˈspɑnsəbəl fər kəmˈjunəl ənd ˈriʤənəl ˈvaɪələns ɪn ˌmʊmˈbaɪ, roʊt ˈrisəntli ɪn ðə ˈpɑrtiz ˈmægəˌzin: "ðə θrɛt əv ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈtɛrər ɪn ˈɪndiə ɪz ˈraɪzɪŋ. ɪt ɪz taɪm tɪ ˈkaʊntər ðə seɪm wɪθ ˈhɪnˌdu ˈtɛrər. ˈhɪnˌdu ˈsuɪˌsaɪd skwɑdz ʃʊd bi ˈrɛdid tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ˈhɪnˌdu soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈneɪʃən." əbˈzərvərz seɪ ðə fækt ðət ðə pəˈlis hæv ərˈɛstɪd ðə əˈlɛʤd sɛl ˈmɛmbərz əˈmɪd kənˈsɪdərəbəl pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈprɛʃər səˈʤɛsts ðə groʊɪŋ prəˈfɛʃənəˌlɪzəm əv ɪts sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈfɔrsɪz. "ɪts ðə fərst ˈhɪnˌdu sɛl ənd ɪts ðə fərst taɪm ˈhɪnˌduz hæv bɪn ˈʃækəld ənd ˈteɪkən tɪ ʤeɪl," sɛd prəˈfɛsər ˈgʊptə, ə ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪst æt ˈdɛliz ˈneɪˌru ˌjunəˈvərsəti. "əm kwaɪt plizd wɪθ ðə weɪ ðə pəˈlis hæv dən ðɛr ʤɑbz." ˈbɛlˌfæst ˈtɛləˌgræf
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india uncovers hindu terror group that carried out bombings blamed on islamists belfasttelegraph.co.uk india is in something of a state of shock after learning from official sources that its first hindu terror cell may have carried out a series of deadly bombings that were initially blamed on militant muslims. the revelation is forcing the country to consider some difficult questions. https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/world-news/india-uncovers-hindu-terror-group-that-carried-out-bombings-blamed-on-islamists-28457606.html
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india is in something of a state of shock after learning from official sources that its first hindu terror cell may have carried out a series of deadly bombings that were initially blamed on militant muslims. the revelation is forcing the country to consider some difficult questions.
at least 10 people have been arrested in connection with several bomb blasts in the muslim-dominated town of malegaon in the western state of maharashtra in september, which left six people dead. but reports suggest that police believe the cell may also have carried out a number of previous attacks, including last year's notorious bombing of a cross-border train en route to pakistan, which killed 68 people. among the alleged members of the cell are a serving army officer and a hindu monk.
bomb attacks are not uncommon in india – there has been a flurry in recent months – but police usually blame them on muslim extremists, often said to have links to militant groups based in either pakistan or bangladesh. as a result, the recent cracking of the alleged hindu cell has forced india to face some difficult issues. a country that prides itself on purported religious and cultural toleration – an ambition that in reality often falls short – has been made to ask itself how this cell could operate for so long. india's military, which prides itself on its professionalism, has been forced to order an embarrassing inquiry.
the near-daily drip of revelations from police has also caused red faces for india's main political opposition, the hindu nationalist bharatiya janata party (bjp), ahead of state polls and a general election scheduled for early next year. the bjp and its prime ministerial candidate, lal krishna advani, have long accused the congress party-led government of being soft on terrorism that involved muslims. however, the bjp has refused to call for a clampdown on hindu groups, and last week mr advani even criticised the police over the way they questioned one of the alleged cell members, a woman called sadhvi pragya singh thakur.
the prime minister, manmohan singh, phoned his rival to ask him not to politicise the issue or the investigation. "there is a strong case so let the police do their job," he told mr advani. while some commentators have expressed surprise about the discovery of the alleged cell, others have pointed out that there has been growing concern about the possible threat from hindu extremists. in the summer, two members of a right-wing hindu group were killed while putting together a bomb, and two other suspected members of the same group died in similar circumstances in 2006.
meanwhile, senior right-wing leaders have made no secret of their wish that hindus should form suicide squads to protect themselves against muslim extremists. bal thackeray, leader of a group called the shiv sena, which has been responsible for communal and regional violence in mumbai, wrote recently in the party's magazine: "the threat of islamic terror in india is rising. it is time to counter the same with hindu terror. hindu suicide squads should be readied to ensure the existence of hindu society and to protect the nation."
observers say the fact that the police have arrested the alleged cell members amid considerable political pressure suggests the growing professionalism of its security forces. "it's the first hindu cell and it's the first time hindus have been shackled and taken to jail," said professor dipankar gupta, a sociologist at delhi's jawarlahal nehru university. "i'm quite pleased with the way the police have done their jobs."
belfast telegraph
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ɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ðə ˈmərdər ˈmɪstəri əv ðə ˈroʊdən ˈfæməli, əˈθɔrətiz hæv ʧɑrʤd ə ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbər wɪθ ˈtæmpərɪŋ wɪθ ˈɛvədəns, oʊˈhaɪoʊ əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl maɪk dəˈwaɪn əˈnaʊnst ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun, ˈmɑrkɪŋ ðə fərst ərˈɛst ɪn ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ˈbrəðər əv wən əv ðə ˈvɪktɪmz, ʤeɪmz ˈmænli, 40 əv paɪk ˈkaʊnti həz bɪn ʧɑrʤd wɪθ dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ə ˈgipiˈɛs dɪˈvaɪs ðət wɑz pɑrt əv ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə ˈmərdərz əv ðə eɪt ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈroʊdən ˈfæməli læst spərɪŋ. lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ʃoʊd əp æt hɪz hoʊm ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ tɪ riˈmuv ə ˈtrækɪŋ dɪˈvaɪs ðeɪ pleɪst ɔn hɪz ˈviɪkəl ɔn ˈeɪprəl 22 ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈfɑðər ˈlɛnərd ˈmænli toʊld pəˈlis hɪz sən dɪˈskəvərd ðə ˈgipiˈɛs ɔn ˈeɪprəl 28 ənd riˈmuvd ɪt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ kɔrt ˈdɑkjəmənts. ˈiən ˈbreɪdi, ˈɪnfəməs murderer’*’ ˈsɪˌriəl ˈkɪlər, daɪz wɪˈθaʊt rɪˈvilɪŋ ˈfaɪnəl loʊˈkeɪʃən əˈθɔrətiz seɪ ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz ˈmænli ˈfeɪsɪz ðət ər kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ðə ˈroʊdən ˈfæməli sleɪɪŋz ər nɑt ənˈkɑmən wɪn ə ˈwɪtnəs wɪθ ˈɛvədəns ɪn ə ˈgəvərnmənt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. hi ɪz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ wən kaʊnt əv ˈtæmpərɪŋ wɪθ ˈɛvədəns, ə ˈfɛləni əv ðə θərd dɪˈgri ənd wən kaʊnt əv ˈvændəlɪzəm, ə ˈfɛləni əv ðə fɪθ dɪˈgri. lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt hæv ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪd ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ðət həz hæd noʊ ˈmeɪʤər ˈpəblɪk ˈbreɪkθˌruz ɪn ˈnɪrli ə jɪr, ˈmɑrkɪŋ ðə ˈroʊdən ˈfæməli ˈmæsəkər ɛz wən əv ðə moʊst proʊˈlɪfɪk ənˈsɑlvd ˈkeɪsɪz ɪn ðə ˈneɪʃən. ˈkɑlɪʤ frəˈtərnɪti ˈbrəðərz plid ˈgɪlti ɪn ˈheɪzɪŋ dɛθ ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ənd ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈsɛvərəl steɪt ənd ˈkaʊnti ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz wər ˈsərʧɪŋ ə fɑrm ɪn ˈædəmz ˈkaʊnti, ˈrəfli 10 maɪəlz əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈroʊdən ˈfæməli ˈmæsəkər sin. ə ˈsɛkənd sərʧ ɪn ˈpibəlz wɑz kənˈdəktəd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ əˈlɔŋ steɪt rut 41 ˈərliər ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈsɛvərəl pəˈlis ənd ˈgəvərnmənt ˈviɪkəlz wər sin ˈlivɪŋ flaɪɪŋ ˈdəbəlju fɑrmz ɪn ɪn ɔn kæmp krik roʊd. əˈθɔrətiz hæv nɑt dɪˈteɪld wət ˈɛvədəns, ɪf ˈɛni, wɑz kəˈlɛktəd. ɪn ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt aʊərz əv ˈeɪprəl 21 ənd 22 ɪn 2016 eɪt ˈpipəl wər ʃɑt tɪ dɛθ ɪn fɔr hoʊmz nɪr ɪn ˈrʊrəl ˈsəðərn oʊˈhaɪoʊ. sɪks ˈædəlts ənd ə bɔɪ wər dɪˈskəvərd tɪ hæv bɪn ʃɑt execution-style*. ən eɪθ ˈvɪktɪm wɑz faʊnd wɪθ naɪn ˈgənˌʃɑt wundz. rɛd mɔr frəm fɑks 19 ˌsɪnsəˈnæti.
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in a major development in the year-long murder mystery of the rhoden family, authorities have charged a family member with tampering with evidence, ohio attorney general mike dewine announced tuesday afternoon, marking the first arrest in the investigation.
brother of one of the victims, james manley, 40, of pike county has been charged with destroying a gps device that was part of the investigation into the murders of the eight members of the rhoden family last spring.
law enforcement showed up at his home on monday to remove a tracking device they placed on his vehicle on april 22. however, manley's father leonard manley told police his son discovered the gps on april 28 and removed it, according to court documents.
ian brady, britain’s infamous ‘moors murderer’ serial killer, dies without revealing final victim’s location
authorities say the charges manley faces that are connected to the rhoden family slayings are not uncommon when a witness tampers with evidence in a government investigation. he is charged with one count of tampering with evidence, a felony of the third degree and one count of vandalism, a felony of the fifth degree.
law enforcement have accelerated the investigation that has had no major public breakthroughs in nearly a year, marking the rhoden family massacre as one of the most prolific unsolved cases in the nation.
ex-baruch college fraternity brothers plead guilty in hazing death
on friday and saturday, several state and county investigators were searching a farm in adams county, roughly 10 miles away from the rhoden family massacre scene. a second search in peebles was conducted friday along state route 41. earlier saturday, several police and government vehicles were seen leaving flying w farms in in piketon on camp creek road. authorities have not detailed what evidence, if any, was collected.
in overnight hours of april 21 and 22 in 2016, eight people were shot to death in four homes near piketon in rural southern ohio. six adults and a 16-year-old boy were discovered to have been shot execution-style. an eighth victim was found with nine gunshot wounds.
read more from fox 19 cincinnati.
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it’s* nɑt ənˈjuˌʒuəl fər ˈkəstəmərz æt ˈɪndiən fˈjuʒən ðə ˈkəri haʊs, tɪ hir ˈnɑkɪŋ æt ðə bæk dɔr waɪl ˈhədəld ˈoʊvər boʊlz əv ˈɪndiən ənd ˈfiʤiən ˈkəriz, ˈpæsɪŋ ˈstimɪŋ raɪs ənd ˈbæskəts əv brɛd frɛʃ frəm ðə əraʊnd ðə ˈteɪbəl. wi ər ˈsɪtɪŋ, hir ðə knock,”*,” sɛd ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈoʊnər ənd ʃɛf, ˈteɪkɪŋ ə brif breɪk frəm ðə dɪˈmændz əv ˈrənɪŋ hɪz ˈkɪʧən ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. waɪl ˈɪndiən fˈjuʒən æt 10322 111 st*. sərvz fud tɪ ˈhəŋgri ˈkəstəmərz ˌɪnˈsaɪd, ˈɔlsoʊ sərvz hɑt milz tɪ ˈɛniˌwən ɪn nid aʊt əv ðə bæk əv hɪz ˈrɛˌstrɑnt, wət hi ənd hɪz stæf kɔl food.’*.’ ɔl ðeɪ nid tɪ du ɪz nɑk. θri jɪrz əˈgoʊ, sɛd hi wɔʧt ɛz ˈhoʊmləs ˈpipəl ˈraɪfəld θru ðə ˈdəmpstərz bɪˈhaɪnd hɪz ˈrɛˌstrɑnt. fɛlt ˈrɪli bæd. aɪ θɔt, aɪ hæv ə lɔt əv fud ˌɪnˈsaɪd, goʊ æsk them,”*,” sɛd. wərd əv hɪz ˈkaɪndnəs sprɛd, ənd sun ənd hɪz stæf wər ˈsərvɪŋ θri tɪ faɪv milz pər deɪ tɪ ðoʊz ɪn nid. naʊ, sɪz hi ɪz ˈsərvɪŋ ɛz ˈmɛni ɛz hɑt milz aʊt əv ðə bæk əv hɪz smɔl ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈɛvəri mənθ, ənd sɪz nɑt ənˈkɑmən tɪ si ˈlaɪˌnəps ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə lənʧ rəʃ. seɪ no,”*,” sɛd. pɑrt əv hɪz dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən tɪ hɛlp kəmz frəm hɪz oʊn laɪf ɪkˈspɪriəns. wɑz ɪn ðɛr ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən once,”*,” hi sɛd. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ˈkænədə 10 jɪrz əˈgoʊ, wɑz ə jəŋ, səkˈsɛsfəl, hɑrd ˈwərkɪŋ ˈnuliˌwɛd wɪθ hɪz ɪnˈtaɪər laɪf əˈhɛd əv ɪm ənˈtɪl hi wɑz hɪt baɪ ə kɑr, ˈʃætərɪŋ boʊnz θruaʊt hɪz ˈbɑdi. sɪz hi wɑz ˈbɛˌdrɪdən ənd əˈneɪbəl tɪ wərk fər ˈnɪrli tu jɪrz. æt wən pɔɪnt hi ənd hɪz waɪf əˈfɔrd tɪ it. hi rɪˈlaɪd ɔn ðə ˈkaɪndnəs əv ˈfæməli ənd frɛndz hu wʊd ˌɪnˈvaɪt ɪm ɪn fər ə mil ənd ˈkəmfərt. wəns hi rɪˈkəvərd, sɛd hɪz ˈfæməli ðɛn keɪm tɪ ˈkænədə nɑt ˈivɪn 10 ˈdɔlərz. təˈdeɪ, wi hæv everything.”*.” ˈɔlˌmoʊst daɪd. ðɪs ɪz maɪ ˈsɛkənd laɪf, soʊ aɪ wɔnt tɪ meɪk ðə bɛst juz əv it,”*,” sɛd, ˈædɪŋ, kʊd lɪv əˈnəðər 100 jɪrz, bət ˈlɪvɪŋ maɪ laɪf soʊ təˈmɑˌroʊ aɪ hæv tɪ rɪˈgrɛt ðət aɪ kʊd hæv dən better.”*.” ˈɛvəri ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ənd hɪz stæf stɑrt baɪ ˈkʊkɪŋ food,’*,’ pərˈpɛrɪŋ ɪˈnəf ˈɛkstrə fud ðə seɪm hi sərvz tɪ hɪz peɪɪŋ ˈkəstəmərz tɪ sərv ˈdəzənz əv ˈpipəl, pərˈpɛrɪŋ ə ˈsɛkənd ˈɛkstrə bæʧ ɪn ðə ˌæftərˈnun. ʃʊd ðeɪ ˈɛvər rən aʊt, ðeɪ kʊk mɔr. noʊ wən ɪz tərnd əˈweɪ. sɛd hi ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər nu weɪz tɪ ˈɔfər hɛlp. wɪθ ðə əˈsɪstəns əv ə grup əv 40 ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz kɔld ðə laɪn əv hoʊp sɪns ˈeɪprəl, naʊ sərvz ə ˈbəfət ˈdɪnər tɪ fid 150 ˈpipəl æt ðə hoʊp ˈmɪʃən ˈɛvəri ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ənd kəˈlɛkts smɔl ˈaɪtəmz ənd wɔrm ˈwɪntər ˈkloʊðɪŋ tɪ gɪv tɪ ðoʊz hu ʃoʊ əp æt hɪz bæk dɔr. æm ˈvɛri ˈfɔrʧənət. maɪ stæf, ðeɪ gɪt taɪərd, ðə ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz, ðeɪ gɪt taɪərd. maɪ neɪm kəmz əp, bət ðɛr ər ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl ˈwərkɪŋ behind,”*,” sɛd. waɪl ðə dɪˈmænd ɪz ə lɔt fər hɪz smɔl ˈrɛˌstrɑnt tɪ kip əp wɪθ, sɛd ðə ˈɛkstrə wərk ɪz riˈpeɪd ɪn ˈgrætəˌtud frəm ðoʊz ðeɪ sərv. ɛz lɔŋ ɛz hi ɪz ˈeɪbəl, bæk dɔr wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ˈoʊpənd fər ˈɛniˌwən hu nɑks. noʊ ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl dɪˈpɛnd əˈpɑn mi æt ðə bæk dɔr. ðə ˈpipəl hu kəm θru ðə frənt dɔr kən goʊ ˈɛniˌwɛr, bət ðɪs ɪz ɑr responsibility,”*,” hi sɛd, ˈædɪŋ, dɔr həz tɪ bi ˈoʊpən, wi noʊ ðət. wi ˈkænɑt ˈivɪn θɪŋk əv ˈkloʊzɪŋ ðə bæk dɔr, never.”*.”
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it’s not unusual for customers at indian fusion — the curry house, to hear knocking at the back door while huddled over bowls of indian and fijian curries, passing steaming rice and baskets of naan bread fresh from the tandoor around the table.
“while we are sitting, you’ll hear the knock,” said restaurant owner and chef parkash chhibber, taking a brief break from the demands of running his kitchen on saturday.
while indian fusion at 10322 111 st. serves food to hungry customers inside, chhibber also serves hot meals to anyone in need out of the back of his restaurant, what he and his staff call ‘god’s food.’ all they need to do is knock.
three years ago, chhibber said he watched as homeless people rifled through the dumpsters behind his restaurant.
“i felt really bad. i thought, i have a lot of food inside, let’s go ask them,” said chhibber.
word of his kindness spread, and soon chhibber and his staff were serving three to five meals per day to those in need.
now, chhibber says he is serving as many as 1,600 hot meals out of the back of his small restaurant every month, and says not uncommon to see lineups during the lunch rush.
“we don’t say no,” chhibber said.
part of his determination to help comes from his own life experience. “i was in their situation once,” he said.
before coming to canada 10 years ago, chhibber was a young, successful, hard working newlywed with his entire life ahead of him until he was hit by a car, shattering bones throughout his body.
chhibber says he was bedridden and unable to work for nearly two years. at one point he and his wife couldn’t afford to eat.
he relied on the kindness of family and friends who would invite him in for a meal and much-needed comfort.
once he recovered, chhibber said his family then came to canada “with not even 10 dollars. today, we have everything.”
“i almost died. this is my second life, so i want to make the best use of it,” said chhibber, adding, “i could live another 100 years, but living my life so tomorrow i don’t have to regret that i could have done better.”
every morning, chhibber and his staff start by cooking ‘god’s food,’ preparing enough extra food — the same he serves to his paying customers — to serve dozens of people, preparing a second extra batch in the afternoon.
should they ever run out, they cook more. no one is turned away.
chhibber said he is always looking for new ways to offer help. with the assistance of a group of 40 volunteers called the line of hope since april, chhibber now serves a buffet dinner to feed 150 people at the hope mission every wednesday, and collects small personal-care items and warm winter clothing to give to those who show up at his back door.
“i am very fortunate. my staff, they don’t get tired, the volunteers, they don’t get tired. my name comes up, but there are a lot of people working behind,” chhibber said.
while the demand is a lot for his small restaurant to keep up with, chhibber said the extra work is repaid in gratitude from those they serve. as long as he is able, chhibber’s back door will always be opened for anyone who knocks.
“i know a lot of people depend upon me at the back door. the people who come through the front door can go anywhere, but this is our responsibility,” he said, adding, “this door has to be open, we know that. we cannot even think of closing the back door, never.”
twitter.com/clairetheobald
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23 ˈkɑmɛnts) ə brif ˈtritəs ɔn ðə rulz əv wɪl rɪˈtərn ɔn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 29th*. ʤæk græm noʊts ðət ju wɔnt ə ˈvɪʒən əv ðə fˈjuʧər, ˌɪˈmæʤən flɪnt, ˈmɪʃɪgən forever.”*.” ðə ˈmuvmənt, ˈminˌwaɪl həz bɪn duɪŋ ʤɪst ðət fər ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz. ɛˈsɛnʃəli ðə wɪŋ əv ðə ˈlusli dɪˈfaɪnd (si ˈɔlsoʊ gamergate*, trəmp, ənd ðə biodiversity”*” kraʊd) həz bɪn ˈklæŋkɪŋ əraʊnd ðə ˈfrɪnʤɪz əv ðə ˈdɪskɔrs fər ə fju jɪrz naʊ, ˈbeɪsɪkli ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈstɑrtɪd wɪn ə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr neɪmd ˈkərtɪs ˈstɑrtɪd ə ˈsaɪˌdlaɪn kərɪr ˈblɔgɪŋ ɛz ɪn 2007 ənd ˈgæðərɪŋ ˈprɑpər stim wɪn nɪk lænd, ˈfɔrmərli ən ˌækəˈdɛmɪk əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə ˈkəlʧərz ˈrisərʧ ˈjunɪt æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈwɔrwɪk ənd wən əv ðə ˈfɔrˌfɑðərz əv accelerationism*, meɪd ə drəˈmætɪk hil tərn ɪn ðə fɔrm əv ən ˈɛˌseɪ kɔld dɑrk enlightenment”*” ɪn 2013 ɪn wɪʧ hi, ənd ˈpɛrəˌfreɪzɪŋ hir, ˈbeɪsɪkli kənˈkludɪd ðət ðə bɛst hoʊp əv ə fˈjuʧər wɛr ˈɛvriˌwən həz feɪs ˈtɛntəkəlz laɪz ɪn ðə fɔrm əv waɪt ˈnæʃənəlɪsts. ˈraɪtɪŋ ə bʊk mɔr ər lɛs əˈbaʊt ðɛm. bi fən. ˈɛniˌweɪ, ðə ki ˈditeɪl ɪn ɔl əv ðɪs ɪz ðət ðə ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ traɪ tɪ seɪv baɪ sˈwɪʧɪŋ ˈwɔtər ˈsɪstəm ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə flɪnt ˈrɪvər wɑz meɪd baɪ nɑt baɪ ɪˈlɛktɪd əˈfɪʃəlz, bət baɪ ən ˈimərʤənsi ˈmænɪʤər, ə pəˈzɪʃən kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ə 1988 lɔ ənd ɪkˈspændɪd drəˈmætɪkəli ɪn 2011 ðə lɔ əˈlaʊz ðə ˈgəvərnər tɪ əˈpɔɪnt ˈsəmˌwən tɪ teɪk ʧɑrʤ əv ə mjuˈnɪsəpəl ˈgəvərnər ɪf hi ˈsərtəˌfaɪz ðət ðə ˈsɪti ɪz ˈsəfərɪŋ frəm ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈimərʤənsi. ðɪs ˈimərʤənsi ˈmænɪʤər ɪz ˌənɪˈlɛktɪd, bət hɪz paʊərz trəmp ðoʊz əv ðə ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈgəvərnmənt; ˌɪnˈdid, hi kən riˈmuv ɪˈlɛktɪd əˈfɪʃəlz æt wɪl. hɪz soʊl ˈmænˌdeɪt ɪz tɪ ˈbæləns ðə ˈbəʤɪt (maɪ ˈsɛkənd ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈditeɪl ɪn ɔl əv ðɪs: hiz ˈfɔrbɪdən frəm ˈreɪzɪŋ ˈtæksɪz tɪ du ɪt). ðə soʊl ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt ɪz ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈimərʤənsi ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl əˈsɪstəns loʊn bɔrd, ə ˈsɪmələrli ˌənɪˈlɛktɪd ˈbɑdi ðət ˈrəbər stæmps dɪˈsɪʒənz ˈoʊvər ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə seɪl əv ˈpəblɪk ˈæˌsɛts. (maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈditeɪl: ðə lɔ rikˈwaɪərz ðət ˈimərʤənsi ˈsæləri bi ˈʃoʊldərd baɪ ðə ˈsɪti.) ˈstraɪkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈimərʤənsi ˈmænɪʤər pəˈzɪʃən ɪz ðət mɔr ər lɛs ɪgˈzæktli wət prəˈpoʊzɪz ɛz ðə aɪˈdil ˈsɪstəm əv ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈædvəˌkeɪts fər, ɛˈsɛnʃəli, ˈgəvərnmənt baɪ ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈmænɪʤər wɪθ ˈæbsəˌlut paʊər ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt baɪ ə bɔrd əv dɪˈrɛktərz hu kən ˌriˈpleɪs ɪm, wɪθ ðə ˈmɛtrɪk fər ˈwɛðər ə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz səkˈsɛsfəl biɪŋ ðə dɪˈgri tɪ wɪʧ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tərnz ə ˈprɑfɪt. ˈvɛri məʧ ɪkˈskludɪd frəm ðɪs ˌɪnˈdid ˈkɑnʃəsli ənd dɪˈlɪbərətli ɪkˈskludɪd ɪz ˈɛni ˈnoʊʃən əv dɪˈmɑkrəsi. dɪˈspaɪzɪz dɪˈmɑkrəsi, vjuɪŋ ɪt ɛz ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt, duˈplɪsɪtəs, ənd ˈlɑrʤli dɪˈʤɛnərˌeɪt. ɪn hɪz vju ˈpipəl ər, ˈwɛðər ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ ədˈmɪt ɪt ər nɑt, ˈsəbʤɪkts əv ə ˈsɑvrən. ənd ˈgɪvɪn ðət, wi meɪ ɛz wɛl ədˈmɪt ɪt ənd ʤɪst rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈækʧəwəl ˈmɑnɑrki. ˈizi tɪ læf æt; ə mɔr ðən ˈfeɪntli ˈkɑmɪkəl ˈfɪgjər huz dɪˈfɔlt staɪl ɪz miˈændərɪŋ blɔg poʊsts ˈrənɪŋ ˈθaʊzənz əv wərdz ɪn wɪʧ hi ˈbædli ˈstɪʧɪz təˈgɛðər ˈkləmzi ˈridɪŋz əv ˈpraɪˌmɛri sɔrs ˈdɑkjəmənts ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kleɪm ðeɪ rɪˈvil ðə ˈbæŋkrəpt hɑrt əv ˈmɑdərn dɪˈmɑkrəsi. bət ðə dərˈɪʒən ə toʊn sɛt baɪ ə 2013 ˈɑrtɪkəl kɔld fər monarchy”*” ðət brɔt ““thought”*” tɪ ˈmeɪnˌstrim əˈtɛnʃən fər ðə fərst taɪm bɪˈkəmz mɔr ðən sˈlaɪtli əˈnizi ɪn ðə feɪs əv ðə ˈriləˈzeɪʃən ðət ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl keɪm aʊt raɪt ɪn ðə mɪst əv ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ swɪʧ ˈoʊvər tɪ ðə flɪnt ˈrɪvər. fɑr frəm biɪŋ, ɛz hæd ɪt, smɔl məˈnɔrəti worldview”*” ðət səm laɪt ɔn ðə ˈsaɪki əv kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri tech,”*,” aɪˈdiəz laɪk ˈpipəl ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk vɔɪs ɪn ðɛr ˈgəvərnəns fər ˈprɑfɪt ɪz ə gʊd idea”*” wər ˈroʊlɪŋ əp ðɛr slivz ənd ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ ˈpipəl. soʊ goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv tɪ teɪk ðɛm ˈsɪriəsli. ðɛr ər weɪz ɪn wɪʧ ðɪs ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt. ɛz aɪ sɛd, ɪz nɑt ə gʊd ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl ˈθɪŋkər ɔn ˈrɪli ˈɛni ˈlɛvəl. hi bɪtˈwin ˈluzɪŋ ðə ˈfɔrɪst fər ðə triz ənd ˌʤɛnərˈælətiz wɪθ ən ənˈkæni næk fər ˈpɪkɪŋ ðə rɔŋ ɪkˈstrim fər ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz. bət hɪz pəˈzɪʃən ɪz nɑt ˌɪnkoʊˈhɪrənt; ˈmɪrli ˈətərli ˌɪˈnɛpt. ˌɪnˈdid, hi leɪz ɪt aʊt wɪθ ˌənˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪk ˈklɛrɪti ɪn hɪz fərst blogpost*, bæk wɪn hi wɑz ˈkɔlɪŋ hɪz pəˈzɪʃən ““formalism,”*,” dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ɪt ɛz seɪɪŋ ˈfɪgjər aʊt ɪgˈzæktli hu həz wət, naʊ, ənd gɪv ðɛm ə ˈlɪtəl ˈfænsi sərˈtɪfɪkət. lɛts nɑt gɪt ˈɪntu hu ʃʊd hæv what.”*.” ˈteɪkən əˈlɔŋ wɪθ hɪz ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən ðət ðə ˈpərpəs əv ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz tɪ tərn ə ˈprɑfɪt, ðə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˈprɪnsəpəl bɪˈkəmz klɪr: bɪˈlivz ɪn ðə əˈbʤɛktɪv ənd ˈæbsəˌlut ˌriˈæləˌti əv paʊər. ðɪs ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈrizənəbəl. ˈsərtənli hɑrd tɪ dɪˈnaɪ məˈtɪriəl ɪgˈzɪstəns, ˌhaʊˈɛvər məʧ wən maɪt laɪk ˈlɪtəl spil ɪn geɪm əv. bət pəˈzɪʃən rikˈwaɪərz mɔr ðən ˈsɪmpli ækˈnɑlɪʤɪŋ ðət paʊər, ɪn pɔɪnt əv fækt, ˈfəŋkʃənz. ɪt rikˈwaɪərz ðət paʊər bi ˌstreɪtˈfɔrwərdli kˌwɑntɪˈfaɪəbɛl ənd ˈmɛʒərəbəl. ðə ˈəltəmət pɔɪnt əv hɪz kənˈspɪkjuəsli ənˈʤəstəˌfaɪd aɪˈdiə əv ˌfərˈprɑfɪt ˈgəvərnmənt: ɪt əˈlaʊz fər ðə brut kˌwɑntɪfəˈkeɪʃən əv paʊər ðət hɪz rikˈwaɪərz. ɪt ɪz, əv kɔrs, ə ˈfænəsi. θɔt ˈəltəmətli ˈimərʤɪz aʊt əv ðə kræs əv ðə ˈɔstriən skul, wɪʧ kənˈspɪkjuəsli ɛsˈʧuz ˈɛni fɔrm əv ɛmˈpɪrəˌsɪzəm ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ə ˈnɛrətɪv əˈproʊʧ (wɪʧ meɪks ɪt ˈdipli ˈfəni wɛˈnɛvər ˈɔstriən skul foʊks snɪr æt ˈmɑrksɪzəm), ənd ˈnoʊˌwɛr dɪz ɪt ʃoʊ mɔr ˈklɪrli ðən hir. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ˈivɪn ðə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˈfænəsi əv ən ˈæˌkʧuəli ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈmɑrkɪt; ə ˈfænəsi əv ə ˈmɑrkɪt huz væljuˈeɪʃənz ər əˈbʤɛktɪv truθs. maɪt meɪk raɪt; maɪt ɪz ˌɪnˈsɛpərəbəl frəm ənd wɪθ raɪt. tɪ bi fɛr, dək ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv ðɪs, æt list nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. ˌɪnˈstɛd hi proʊˈkleɪmz, wɪθ ə ðət ˈbɔrdərz ɔn rɪˈtɔrɪkəl staɪl, ðət bɪˈkəz ðə ˈjuˈɛs oʊnz ɪts ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri (baɪ ˈvərʧu əv ðə fækt ðət ɪt dɪˈtərmən wət ˈhæpənz ɔn ðə nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkɑntənənt bɪtˈwin ðə ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ənd ðə ˈrioʊ grænd, ənd haɪ, etc”*”) ənd ˈsɪmələrli oʊnz ðə raɪt tɪ tækˈseɪʃən, ðə ˈsɪtɪzənri ər mɔr ˈækjərətli tɪ bi kənˈsɪdərd sərfs. tɪ bi klɪr, ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəli ˈɑnəst; ɪt meɪk ə lɪk əv ˈækʧəwəl sɛns. ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, dɪˈtərmən wət happens”*” ɪz ə ˈsteɪtmənt ðət dɪˈsɪntəˌgreɪts ˈræpədli ɛz ənˈpækt. ənd waɪl ðə ““serfs”*” bɪt həz ə sˈmɪʤən əv ʧɑrm, fˈjudəˌlɪzəm ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst prɪˈsaɪsli ðə rɔŋ lɛnz fər wət ˈdraɪvɪŋ æt. ˈɛniˌweɪ, nɑt ənˈtɪl ðɪs pɔɪnt ɪn ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət hi stɑrts spɛkˈtækjələrli ˈdəkɪŋ ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv hɪz aɪˈdiəz, proʊˈkleɪmɪŋ, ˈæftər hɪz drəˈmætɪk ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən ðət ɔl sərfs, wət? soʊ əm ə ˈkɔrpərət sərf. ɪz ðɪs soʊ ˈhɔrəbəl? aɪ sim tɪ bi ˈprɪti juzd tɪ ɪt. tu deɪz aʊt əv ðə wik aɪ wərk fər lɔrd snooty-snoot*. ər ˈfeɪsləs ˈgloʊbəl ˈprɑdəkts. ər whoever.”*.” ˈizi tɪ mɑk ðə rɪˈdɪkjələs ˈprɪvɪlɪʤ əv ə beɪ ˈɛriə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr hu wərks tu deɪz ə wik proʊˈkleɪmɪŋ ðət ə sərf ənd hi laɪks ɪt. ˌɪnˈdid, goʊ soʊ fɑr ɛz tɪ səˈʤɛst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ mɑk ðə ˈprɪvɪlɪʤ ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðət ˈpɛrəˌgræf. bət ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ du mɔr ðən ʤɪst mɑk ənd tɪ ɪkˈsplɪsətli ˈhaɪˌlaɪt wət oʊˈmɪts, wɪʧ ɪz ðət, ˌhaʊˈɛvər tɪ it”*” ˈpipəl meɪ bi, ðə ˌriˈæləˌti ɪz ðət ðə ˌriˈæləˌti əv ˈmɑdərn ˈkɔrpərət ɪz, fər noʊ ˈʃɔrtɪʤ əv ˈpipəl, ə laɪf əv bruˈtælɪti, ˌdɛgrəˈdeɪʃən, ənd ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən. ʤɪst æsk ðə ˈpipəl əv flɪnt. ˈriəˌlaɪz, ðoʊ, ðət ðɪs səm sɔrt əv ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt ɔn pɑrt. hɪz læk əv θɔt fər ðə kənˈsərnz əv ˈpipəl hu ər nɑt ˈwɛlθi ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ɪz nɑt bɪˈkəz ɪt əˈkərd tɪ ɪm ðət ˈmeɪbi gɑt ɪt ənˈjuˌʒuəli gʊd ɪn laɪf. bɪˈkəz hi θɪŋks ðeɪ ər ənˈwərði əv kənˈsərn. səˈpɔrts ðə rɪˈtərn əv sˈleɪvəri, ˈkɔlɪŋ ɪt ˈnæʧərəl ˈjumən relationship”*” ˈeɪkɪn tɪ geɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ, ənd ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðət ə ˈmaɪkrəˌkɑzəm əv ˈgəvərnmənt ˌɪtˈsɛlf. mɔr ˈʧɪlɪŋli (wɪʧ ɪz ə hɛl əv ə freɪz tɪ raɪt ˈæftər ðət ˈsɛntəns), hi proʊˈkleɪmz ðət ɔl ˈjumənz ər bɔrn ðə seɪm, əv kɔrs, ənd ðə ˌɪˈneɪt ˈkɛrɪktər ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əv səm ɪz mɔr ˈsutɪd tɪ ˈmæstəri ðən sˈleɪvəri. fər ˈəðərz, ɪt ɪz mɔr ˈsutɪd tɪ slavery,”*,” goʊɪŋ ɔn tɪ ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ðət ˈæfrɪkənz hɪˈstɔrɪkəli meɪd gʊd sleɪvz ənd səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðɪs ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ʤəˈnɛtɪk. nɑt laɪk ˈriəˌlaɪz haʊ ðɪs saʊnz. ˌɪnˈdid, hi ˈərnəstli ˈlɛvənz ɔl əv ðɪs wɪθ dɪˈskəʃənz əv haʊ ðə ril ˈprɑbləm wɪθ sˈleɪvəri ɪz bæd ˈoʊnərz, wɪʧ ˈɑbviəsli wʊd bi fɪkst ɪf ˈpipəl kʊd sɛl ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈɪntu sˈleɪvəri ˌɪnˈstɛd əv biɪŋ bɔrn ˈɪntu ɪt bɪˈkəz əv ðə fri ˈmɑrkɪt ənd ɔl ðət. bət, əv kɔrs, wɪn rɪk sˈnaɪdər wɑz kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ əˈgɛnst ə 2012 ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm tɪ rɪˈpil ðə ˈimərʤənsi ˈmænɪʤər lɔ hi tɔkt əˈbaʊt haʊ ðə ˈimərʤənsi ˈmænɪʤər lɔ wər tɪ goʊ əˈweɪ, dɛt ɪn ðoʊz ˈloʊkəl ˈjunɪts əv ˈgəvərnmənt wʊd kənˈtɪnju tɪ paɪl əp, bɪlz wʊd goʊ ənˈpeɪd, ˈpeɪˌʧɛks meɪ nɑt bi sɛnt, laɪts kʊd bi tərnd ɔf, pəˈlis ənd faɪər prəˈtɛkʃən maɪt nɑt bi prəˈvaɪdɪd, ənd ˈstudənts wʊd bi æt rɪsk əv nɑt ˈhævɪŋ ə skul tɪ attend.”*.” ˈɔlˌweɪz fər jʊr oʊn gʊd. ɪn ðɪs rɪˈgɑrd, ðɛn, ɪt ɪz ˈhɑrdli səˈpraɪzɪŋ ðət əˈfɪʃəlz riˈæktɪd tɪ ðə ˈpipəl hu brɔt ˈbɑtəlz əv ˈfɪlθi ənd pəˈlutɪd ˈwɔtər tɪ ˈmitɪŋz, hu ˈpɔɪntɪd æt ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈfækʧuəl ˈɛvədəns əv ˈmæsɪv lɛd ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ, ənd hu ˈlɑbid fər ðɛr oʊn hɛlθ ənd ˈseɪfti baɪ ˈkɔlɪŋ ðɛm ““hysterical.”*.” ðeɪ ər, ˈæftər ɔl, mɪr ˈsəbʤɪkts. ðɛr soʊl ˈpərpəs ɪz tɪ bi ruld ˈoʊvər. ˈsərtənli ɪt ɪz nɑt tɪ hæv ˈɛni sɔrt əv prəˈtɛnʃənz əv voice.”*.” ðɪs meɪ sim hɑrʃ. ˈæftər ɔl, ɪt ɪz nɑt ɛz ðoʊ ðə ˈimərʤənsi ˈmænɪʤər lɔ ˈæˌkʧuəli sˈleɪvəri, nɔr ˈivɪn ðət rɪk sˈnaɪdər səˈpɔrts ðət. nɔr ɪz ɪt ɛz ðoʊ sˈnaɪdər ɪz ən ˈævɪd ˈridər əv, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɛz ə ˈfɔrmər tɛk ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ju rul aʊt ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti. ˈrəðər, ðət ɔl əv ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz ˈkɑnstəˌtut sˈnaɪdər ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈfɑloʊ hɪz tɪ ɪts ˈnæʧərəl ɛnd. bɪˈkəz ðət ɪz aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ: paʊər ɪz ənd ðə ˈpərpəs əv ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˌprɑfɪtəˈbɪlɪti. sˈnaɪdər ræn fər ˈɔfəs ɛz ən ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn hu kʊd meɪk ðə təf dɪˈsɪʒənz ˈmɪʃɪgən ˈnidɪd; mɔr ər lɛs drim əv ə ˈsɑvrən. bət ðə moʊst ˈbeɪsɪk ˈvərʒən əv ðə pɔɪnt ɪz faʊnd ɪn flɪnt ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ðɛr ər prɪˈsaɪsli tu ˈrizənz waɪ flɪnt wɑz ˈpɔɪzənd: ðɛr wɑz ˈməni tɪ bi meɪd duɪŋ ɪt, ənd ðə ˈpipəl hu stʊd tɪ meɪk ðə ˈməni hæd ðə paʊər tɪ du ɪt. ˈɛni ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ðət ənd vju əv ðə wərld ɪz wən əv dɪˈgri əˈloʊn. ˈsərtənli ɪt ɪz rɪˈdɪkjələs tɪ səˈʤɛst ðət ðə ˈreɪʃəl ˈlɑʤɪk əv sˈleɪvəri ɪz ˈæbsənt frəm wət ˈhæpənd ɪn flɪnt. ðə ʃɪr ɪkˈstɛnt tɪ wɪʧ ðə wɛlθ əv əˈmɛrɪkə wɑz bɪlt ɔn ðə ˈbrutəl, səˈdɪstɪk, ənd diˈhjuməˌnaɪzɪŋ ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən əv blæk ˈbɑdiz həz bɪn wɛl ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd (ənd ˈɛniˌwən wɪθ ən ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈʤəstɪs hu həz nɑt rɛd ˈlændˌmɑrk keɪs fər reparations”*” nidz tɪ fɪks ðət poʊst heɪst). əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ““waste”*” ˈsɪtiz laɪk flɪnt, ənd ðoʊz ˈsɪtiz ər, wɪθ ˈʧɪlɪŋ ˌrɛgjəˈlɛrəti, wənz ðət hæv səbˈstænʃəl ər məˈʤɔrəti blæk ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz. ðə ˈlɑʤɪk ðət ˈpɔɪzənd flɪnt ənd ðə ˈlɑʤɪk ðət sɛt əp ðə prɪˈpɑstərəs ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən əv ˈsɪstəm əv ə waɪt ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfəndɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf baɪ ˈfaɪnɪŋ ə blæk ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪt kʊd θɪŋk əv ər aɪˈdɛntɪkəl. ɛz ɪz ðə ˈlɑʤɪk ðət əˈlaʊz ən ɑrmd waɪt mɪˈlɪʃə tɪ ˌɪnˈsɪnjueɪt ɪts ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən tɪ ʃut kɑps fər wiks bət əˈlaʊz raɪs tu ˈsɛkəndz ˌbiˈfɔr gənd daʊn. əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn klɪr əˈbaʊt wət ən ɪkˈspɛndəbəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən lʊks laɪk. ɛz wɪθ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls hir, ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin rɪk sˈnaɪdər ənd ɪz ˈsɪmpli ɪkˈspɛndəbəl ər they.”*.” ənd ˈivɪn ðət dɪˈstɪŋkʃən ɪz ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ðə fækt ðət ˈəndər sˈnaɪdər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈoʊnli ˈpɔɪzənz ju ənd laɪz əˈbaʊt ɪt fər ˈeɪˈtin mənθs ər soʊ, wɛˈræz ənˈʧɛkt wʊd ˈpɔɪzən ju ˌɪnˈdɛfənətli. bət ɪt ɪz ðət læst wərd, ““unchecked,”*,” ðət simz tɪ mi ki. ər, ˈrəðər, ɪt simz tɪ mi tɪ rɪˈvil ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈbliknəs tɪ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. bɪˈkəz ˈivɪn ɪn ðə feɪs əv ðə ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ əv ən ɪnˈtaɪər ˈsɪti, ɔl ðət ɪz ɔn ˈɔfər ɪz ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈtoʊkən ʧɛks ɔn ðə ˈsɪstəm əv paʊər ənd ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ðət ɪz ɪn pleɪ hir. ðə ˈimərʤənsi ˈmænɪʤər lɔ hæd bɪn rɪˈpild ɪn ə ˈsteɪtˌwaɪd ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm ɪn 2012 sˈnaɪdər rɪˈspɑndɪd baɪ ˌriɪnˈsteɪtɪŋ ɪt wɪθ ə fju ˈmaɪnər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, ðɪs taɪm ɪn ə fɔrm ðət wɑz nɑt ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ə ˈvoʊtər ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm. ˈminˌwaɪl, wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti, ðɛr ˈɛni. ðə bəlk əv ˈrɛləvənt ˈbrænʧɪz əv ˈgəvərnmənt ər ˈʃildɪd frəm ˈɛˈfoʊˈaɪˈeɪ rɪkˈwɛst, ənd ðə riˈlis əv ˈiˌmeɪlz wɑz ˌvɑlənˈtɛrəli ənd kənˈspɪkjuəsli ɪkˈskludɪd ðə jɪr ðə ki dɪˈsɪʒənz wər ˈteɪkən. ˈminˌwaɪl, wɪθ ˈprɑpərti ˈvæljuz ɪn ˈfriˌfɔl (nɑt ðət ɪt ˈmætərz, sɪns ju ˈligəli sɛl ə haʊs wɪθ ə noʊn lɛd ˈprɑbləm) ənd ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən wɪθ ə wɛlθ əv ˈmæsɪv hɛlθ ˈprɑbləmz, seɪf tɪ seɪ ðət ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl stəˈbɪlɪti (ənd wɪθ ɪt ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈhævɪŋ jʊr ɪnˈtaɪər ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈgəvərnmənt ˌjuˈsərpt) ɪz nɑt ˈsəmθɪŋ ɔn ɪts weɪ tɪ flɪnt ˈɛni taɪm sun. ðɛr ər noʊ ˈɔpʃənz ɔn ðə ˈbælət fər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈəðər ðən ðə kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤi ðət ˈpɔɪzənd ðə ˈsɪti. bət ðɛn, ju rɪˈfɔrm ə ˈsɪstəm aʊt əv duɪŋ wət dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ du.
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(23 comments)
a brief treatise on the rules of thrones will return on february 29th.
jack graham notes that “if you want a vision of the future, imagine flint, michigan - forever.” the neoreactionary movement, meanwhile has been doing just that for several years. neoreaction - essentially the pseudo-intellectual wing of the loosely defined alt-right (see also gamergate, trump, and the “human biodiversity” crowd) - has been clanking around the fringes of the discourse for a few years now, basically getting started when a software engineer named curtis yarvin started a sideline career blogging as mencius moldbug in 2007, and gathering proper steam when nick land, formerly an academic associated with the cybernetic cultures research unit at the university of warwick and one of the forefathers of accelerationism, made a dramatic heel turn in the form of an essay called “the dark enlightenment” in 2013 in which he, and i’m paraphrasing here, basically concluded that the best hope of a posthuman future where everyone has face tentacles lies in the form of white nationalists. i’m writing a book that’s more or less about them. it’ll be fun.
anyway, the key detail in all of this is that the catastrophic decision to try to save $4m by switching flint’s water system over to the flint river was made by not by elected officials, but by an emergency manager, a position created by a 1988 law and expanded dramatically in 2011. the law allows the governor to appoint someone to take charge of a municipal governor if he certifies that the city is suffering from a financial emergency. this emergency manager is unelected, but his powers trump those of the elected government; indeed, he can remove elected officials at will. his sole mandate is to balance the budget (my second favorite detail in all of this: he's forbidden from raising taxes to do it). the sole oversight is the local emergency financial assistance loan board, a similarly unelected body that rubber stamps decisions over $10,000 including the sale of public assets. (my favorite detail: the law requires that emergency manager’s salary be shouldered by the city.)
what’s striking about the emergency manager position is that it’s more or less exactly what mencius moldbug proposes as the ideal system of government. moldbug advocates for, essentially, government by ceo - an individual manager with absolute power subject to oversight by a board of directors who can replace him, with the metric for whether a government is successful being the degree to which the government turns a profit. very much excluded from this - indeed consciously and deliberately excluded - is any notion of democracy. moldbug despises democracy, viewing it as inefficient, duplicitous, and largely degenerate. in his view people are, whether they want to admit it or not, subjects of a sovereign. and given that, we may as well admit it and just return to actual monarchy.
it’s easy to laugh at moldbug; he’s a more than faintly comical figure whose default style is meandering blog posts running thousands of words in which he badly stitches together clumsy readings of primary source documents in order to claim they reveal the bankrupt heart of modern democracy. but the derision - a tone set by a 2013 techcrunch article called “geeks for monarchy” that brought moldbug’s “thought” to mainstream attention for the first time - becomes more than slightly uneasy in the face of the realization that the article came out right in the midst of the decision to switch over to the flint river. far from being, as techcrunch had it, “a small minority worldview” that “shines some light on the psyche of contemporary tech,” neoreactionary ideas like “denying people a democratic voice in their governance for profit is a good idea” were rolling up their sleeves and poisoning people.
so we’re going to have to take them seriously. there are ways in which this is difficult. as i said, moldbug is not a good philosophical thinker on really any level. he flits between losing the forest for the trees and contentless generalities with an uncanny knack for picking the wrong extreme for the circumstances. but his position is not incoherent; merely utterly inept. indeed, he lays it out with uncharacteristic clarity in his first blogpost, back when he was calling his position “formalism,” defining it as saying “let's figure out exactly who has what, now, and give them a little fancy certificate. let's not get into who should have what.” taken along with his declaration that the purpose of government is to turn a profit, the underlying principle becomes clear: moldbug believes in the objective and absolute reality of power.
this is almost reasonable. certainly it’s hard to deny power’s material existence, however much one might like varys’s little spiel in game of thrones. but moldbug’s position requires more than simply acknowledging that power, in point of fact, functions. it requires that power be straightforwardly quantifiable and measurable. that’s the ultimate point of his conspicuously unjustified idea of for-profit government: it allows for the brute quantification of power that his worldview requires. it is, of course, a fantasy. moldbug’s thought ultimately emerges out of the crass libertarianism of the austrian school, which conspicuously eschews any form of empiricism in favor of a narrative approach (which makes it deeply funny whenever austrian school folks sneer at marxism), and nowhere does it show more clearly than here. this is not even the libertarian fantasy of an actually independent market; it’s a fantasy of a market whose valuations are objective truths. might doesn’t make right; might is inseparable from and coextensive with right.
to be fair, moldbug doesn’t duck the consequences of this, at least not immediately. instead he proclaims, with a blitheness that borders on rhetorical style, that because the us owns its territory (by virtue of the fact that it “can determine what happens on the north american continent between the 49th parallel and the rio grande, ak and hi, etc”) and similarly owns the right to taxation, the citizenry are more accurately to be considered serfs. to be clear, this is just intellectually honest; it doesn’t make a lick of actual sense. in particular, “can determine what happens” is a statement that disintegrates rapidly as it’s unpacked. and while the “serfs” bit has a smidgen of charm, feudalism is almost precisely the wrong lens for what he’s driving at.
anyway, it’s not until this point in the argument that he starts spectacularly ducking the consequences of his ideas, proclaiming, after his dramatic declaration that we’re all serfs, “so what? so i'm a corporate serf. is this so horrible? i seem to be pretty used to it. two days out of the week i work for lord snooty-snoot. or faceless global products. or whoever.” it’s easy to mock the ridiculous privilege of a bay area software engineer who works two days a week proclaiming that he’s a serf and he likes it. indeed, i’d go so far as to suggest it’s important to mock the privilege involved in that paragraph. but it’s important to do more than just mock and to explicitly highlight what moldbug omits, which is that, however “used to it” people may be, the reality is that the reality of modern corporate serfdom is, for no shortage of people, a life of brutality, degradation, and exploitation. just ask the people of flint.
realize, though, that this isn’t some sort of oversight on moldbug’s part. his lack of thought for the concerns of people who are not wealthy software engineers is not because it hasn’t occurred to him that maybe he’s got it unusually good in life. it’s because he thinks they are unworthy of concern. moldbug supports the return of slavery, calling it “a natural human relationship” akin to gay marriage, and claiming that it’s a microcosm of government itself. more chillingly (which is a hell of a phrase to write after that sentence), he proclaims that “not all humans are born the same, of course, and the innate character and intelligence of some is more suited to mastery than slavery. for others, it is more suited to slavery,” going on to specify that africans historically made good slaves and suggesting this is probably genetic.
it’s not like moldbug doesn’t realize how this sounds. indeed, he earnestly leavens all of this with discussions of how the real problem with slavery is bad owners, which obviously would be fixed if people could sell themselves into slavery instead of being born into it because of the free market and all that. but, of course, when rick snyder was campaigning against a 2012 referendum to repeal the emergency manager law he talked about how “if the emergency manager law were to go away, debt in those local units of government would continue to pile up, bills would go unpaid, paychecks may not be sent, lights could be turned off, police and fire protection might not be provided, and students would be at risk of not having a school to attend.” it’s always for your own good.
in this regard, then, it is hardly surprising that officials reacted to the people who brought bottles of filthy and polluted water to meetings, who pointed at the increasing factual evidence of massive lead poisoning, and who lobbied for their own health and safety by calling them “hysterical.” they are, after all, mere subjects. their sole purpose is to be ruled over. certainly it is not to have any sort of pretensions of “democratic voice.”
this may seem harsh. after all, it is not as though the emergency manager law actually reinstitutes slavery, nor even that rick snyder supports that. nor is it as though snyder is an avid reader of moldbug, although as a former tech ceo you can’t rule out the possibility. rather, it’s that all of the differences constitute snyder failing to follow his worldview to its natural end. because that worldview is identical to moldbug’s: power is self-justifying and the purpose of government is profitability. snyder ran for office as an experienced businessman who could make the tough decisions michigan needed; more or less moldbug’s dream of a sovereign. but the most basic version of the point is found in flint itself. there are precisely two reasons why flint was poisoned: there was money to be made doing it, and the people who stood to make the money had the power to do it. any difference between that and moldbug’s view of the world is one of degree alone.
certainly it is ridiculous to suggest that the racial logic of slavery is absent from what happened in flint. the sheer extent to which the wealth of america was built on the brutal, sadistic, and dehumanizing exploitation of black bodies has been well documented (and anyone with an interest in social and economic justice who has not read ta-nehisi coates’s landmark “the case for reparations” needs to fix that post haste). american capitalism depends on the creation of “waste” cities like flint, and those cities are, with chilling regularity, ones that have substantial or majority black populations. the logic that poisoned flint and the logic that set up the preposterous exploitation of ferguson’s system of a white government funding itself by fining a black population for anything it could think of are identical. as is the logic that allows an armed white militia to insinuate its intention to shoot cops for weeks but allows tamir rice two seconds before he’s gunned down. american capitalism has always been clear about what an expendable population looks like. as with everything else here, the difference between rick snyder and mencius moldbug is simply “how expendable are they.” and even that distinction is little more than the fact that under snyder the government only poisons you and lies about it for eighteen months or so, whereas unchecked neoreaction would poison you indefinitely.
but it is that last word, “unchecked,” that seems to me key. or, rather, it seems to me to reveal the central bleakness to the situation. because even in the face of the profit-driven poisoning of an entire city, all that is on offer is a series of token checks on the system of power and exploitation that is in play here. the emergency manager law had been repealed in a statewide referendum in 2012. snyder responded by reinstating it with a few minor changes, this time in a form that was not subject to a voter referendum. meanwhile, when it comes to accountability, there isn’t any. the bulk of relevant branches of government are shielded from foia request, and the release of snyder’s e-mails was voluntarily and conspicuously excluded the year the key decisions were taken. meanwhile, with property values in freefall (not that it matters, since you can’t legally sell a house with a known lead problem) and population with a wealth of massive health problems, it’s safe to say that financial stability (and with it the ability to avoid having your entire elected government usurped) is not something that’s on its way to flint any time soon. there are no options on the ballot for anything other than the continuation of the basic ideology that poisoned the city. but then, you can’t reform a system out of doing what it’s designed to do.
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hoʊˈtɛl ə ˈləgʒəri buˈtik hoʊˈtɛl ɪn oʊld ˈsɪti. ðə ˈfɔrti rumz əv ðə hoʊˈtɛl ər neɪmd ˈæftər ðə ˈmaɪti waɪvz əv ðə ˈsəltənz əv ðə ˈɑtəmən ˈɛmpaɪər. ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd bɪtˈwin ənd sultanahmet*, hoʊˈtɛl ɪz ɪn ə ʃɔrt ˈdɪstəns tɪ ðə meɪn əˈtrækʃənz. ˈdɛkərˌeɪtɪd ɪn ə ˈsɛnʧəri staɪl, ðɪs buˈtik hoʊˈtɛlz sərvz ˈləgʒəri fər ɪts gɛsts. əˈməŋ ɪts əˈmɛnətiz ər ˈɪnˌdɔr pul ənd ʤɪm, ə trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈtərkɪʃ ənd ˈsɔnə (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ məˈsɑʒɪz ənd ˈbɑdi ˈtritmənts). hoʊˈtɛl ˈfiʧərz ðə ˈɑlɪv ˈrɛˌstrɑnt, wɪʧ sərvz ˈɑtəmən kwɪˈzin ənd ˈbəfət ˈbrɛkfəst. ðə hoʊˈtɛl həz ˈtrævələrz' choice®*® 2013 ˈwɪnər əˈwɔrd əv ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt tripadvisor*. ˈɛrˌpɔrt transfer(surcharge*) ɪz prəˈvaɪdɪd əˈpɑn rɪkˈwɛst. ɪf ju ər ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ˈləgʒəri, ˌɔθənˈtɪsɪti, ˈɛksələnt ˈsərvɪs ənd ə sɛns əv ðə oʊld taɪmz, hoʊˈtɛl ɪz ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ju. ɑrˈmɑdə hoʊˈtɛl ˌɪstɑnˈbul hæd bɪn ˈprɑpərli prɪˈzərvd, wət wʊd wi hæv today?”*?” ɑrˈmɑdə hoʊˈtɛl kleɪmz ðət ðeɪ hæv ðə ˈænsər tɪ ðɪs kˈwɛʃən. ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd æt ðə hɑrt əv ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl pəˈnɪnsələ, ɑrˈmɑdə hoʊˈtɛl həz 108 ˈvɪntɪʤ staɪl rumz, ˈdɛkərˌeɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈɑtəmən staɪl. ɪn ə ˈwɔkɪŋ ˈdɪstəns tɪ ðə meɪn əˈtrækʃənz əraʊnd sultanahmet*, ðɪs hoʊˈtɛl sərvz ˈləgʒəri əˈlɔŋ wɪθ greɪt ˈsərvɪs ənd stæf. ɑrˈmɑdə hoʊˈtɛl həz ˈrufˌtɑp ˈtɛrəs ˈrɛˌstrɑnt wɪθ vjuz əv ðə ˈsoʊfiə, ðə blu mɔsk ənd ðə si əv mɑrˈmɑrə. ðə hoʊˈtɛl həz ə rɪʧ ˈbəfət ˈbrɛkfəst wɪθ ˈhoʊˈmeɪd brɛdz, ʤæmz, ɔrˈgænɪk fruts ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðər ɔlˈtərnətɪvz. ˈæftər ə ˈtaɪrɪŋ deɪ, gɛsts kən ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðɛr drɪŋks æt ðə gɛst laʊnʤ, wɪʧ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪz ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt dɪˈspleɪ əv ənd ˈreɪdiˌoʊz. ðə hoʊˈtɛl həz ə ˈvɪntɪʤ bəs ənd ˈɔfərz ˈrɛntəl boʊt ˈsərvɪs tʊrz) wɪθ ə ˈpraɪvət jɑt. fər ðə wənz ˈsikɪŋ fər ən əˈθɛnɪk ˌɪstɑnˈbul ɪkˈspɪriəns, ɑrˈmɑdə hoʊˈtɛl kʊd bi ðə bɛst ʧɔɪs. hoʊˈtɛl ˈsɛnʧəri ˈɑtəmən ˈmænʃən, hoʊˈtɛl ɪz ə dɪˈstɪŋktɪv, family-run*, buˈtik hoʊˈtɛl æt ðə ˈsɛnər əv ðə oʊld ˈsɪti. ðə hoʊˈtɛl həz 17 rumz, ˈdɛkərˌeɪtɪd ɪn ˈɑtəmən ˈɪrə staɪl wɪθ ˈtərkɪʃ ˈkɑrpəts ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmɑdərn ɪkˈwɪpmənts. hoʊˈtɛl həz ə rʊf ˈtɛrəs ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə oʊld ˈsɪti ənd mɑrˈmɑrə si, wɛr ju kən hæv ˈbəfət ˈbrɛkfəst ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ jʊr drɪŋk. ɪts ˈlɑbi ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈzaɪnd ɪn ə trəˈdɪʃənəl weɪ wɪθ hænd meɪd ˈsilɪŋ ˌɔrnəmɛnˈteɪʃən. hoʊˈtɛl həz ˈtrævələrz' choice®*® 2013 ˈwɪnər əv ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt tripadvisor*. hoʊˈtɛl ɪn ə ˈwɔkɪŋ ˈdɪstəns tɪ ɔl meɪn əˈtrækʃənz ɪn sultanahmet*, hoʊˈtɛl ɪz ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈləgʒəri ɪn ə ˈvɪntɪʤ buˈtik hoʊˈtɛl. bɪlt ɪn ðə ˈɑtəmən ˈpɪriəd ɛz ðə haʊs əv ˈpɑʃə, ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ wɑz rɪˈstɔrd ənd kənˈvərtɪd ˈɪntu ə buˈtik hoʊˈtɛl. rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ˈsɛnʧəri staɪl ɪn ɪts ˌdɛkərˈeɪʃən, hoʊˈtɛl blɛndz trəˈdɪʃən wɪθ ə ˈmɑdərn təʧ. ðə hoʊˈtɛl həz ə bɑr ənd ˈgɑrdən wɛr gɛsts kən ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðɛr drɪŋks. hoʊˈtɛl prəˈvaɪdz fri ˈɛrˌpɔrt ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ənd ˈbeɪbiˌsɪtɪŋ ˈsərvɪsɪz fər ɪts gɛsts. səm əv ɪts rumz ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ˈtərkɪʃ bæθ ˌɪnˈsaɪd. wɪθ ɪts ˈpərˌfɪkt stæf, ˈsərvɪs ənd loʊˈkeɪʃən, hoʊˈtɛl ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ ə stɛp ˈfərðər əˈməŋ ˈmɛni əv ɪts ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts. waɪt haʊs hoʊˈtɛl ˌɪstɑnˈbul wɪˈθɪn ˈwɔkɪŋ ˈdɪstəns tɪ ðə ˈlændˌmɑrks əv ðə ˈsɪti, waɪt haʊs hoʊˈtɛl ˌɪstɑnˈbul kəmˈbaɪnz ˈləgʒəri wɪθ ˈkəmfərt. ðə hoʊˈtɛl həz 22 rumz, ˈdɛkərˌeɪtɪd ɪn ə ˈvɪntɪʤ staɪl. ðɛr ɪz ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt, bɑr ənd laʊnʤ ˈɛriə ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə hoʊˈtɛl. ðə hoʊˈtɛl sərvz ə ˌnɑˌnælkəˈhɑlɪk ˈwɛlkəm drɪŋk ənd ˈtərkɪʃ dɪˈlaɪts əˈpɑn ərˈaɪvəl. gɛsts steɪɪŋ æt ðə hoʊˈtɛl fər 3 naɪts ər mɔr ər ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ fri ˈwənˈweɪ ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˈsərvɪs frəm ˈætəˌtərk ˈɛrˌpɔrt tɪ ðə hoʊˈtɛl ˈɛrˌpɔrt ɪz nɑt ˌɪnˈkludɪd). pɛts ər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊd ɪn ðɪs hoʊˈtɛl fri əv ʧɑrʤ. ðə hoʊˈtɛl həz ˈtrævələrz' choice®*® 2013 ˈwɪnər əˈwɔrd əv ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt tripadvisor*. greɪt loʊˈkeɪʃən, greɪt ˈsərvɪs, greɪt stæf. hoʊˈtɛl hoʊˈtɛl ɪz ə family-run*, ˈwʊdən ˈmænʃən hoʊˈtɛl. ɪt həz rumz wɪθ ˈwʊdən ˈfərnɪʃɪŋ ənd rɪʧ ˈfæbrɪks, neɪmd ɛz oʊld ˈtərkɪʃ səʧ ɛz, ˈsəltən rum, ˈhɛrəm rum ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ʤɪst 120 ˈmitərz 393 ft*.) əˈweɪ frəm ðə meɪn geɪt əv ðə ˌtɑpˈkɑpi ˈpæləs, hoʊˈtɛl ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə oʊld ˈsɪti. ɪt ɪz wɪˈθɪn ə ˈwɔkɪŋ ˈdɪstəns tɪ ðə blu mɔsk, ˈsoʊfiə, ˌtɑpˈkɑpi ˈpæləs, ˈhɪpəˌdroʊm, bəˈzɪləkə ˈsɪstərn, ənd ðə grænd bəˈzɑr. ˈpriviəsli oʊnd baɪ ə ˈmæstər ɪn ðə ˈɑtəmən ˈpɪriəd, ðə ˈwʊdən ˈmænʃən wɑz kənˈvərtɪd ˈɪntu ə buˈtik hoʊˈtɛl. ɪf dɪˈmændɪd, ðə hoʊˈtɛl prəˈvaɪdz ə ˈspɛʃəl ðət ðə gɛsts prɪˈfər fər ðɛr rumz ənd bæθs. ðə hoʊˈtɛl ˈɔfərz ˈoʊpən ˈbəfət ˈbrɛkfəst ɔn ɪts ˈrufˌtɑp ˈtɛrəs wɪθ ə juˈnik vju əv ðə ˈsoʊfiə ənd mɑrˈmɑrə si. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, gɛsts kən meɪk ˌkɑmpləˈmɛntəri ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl foʊn kɔlz tɪ ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ, ˈkænədə ənd səm əv ðə ˈjʊrəp ɪts ˈfrɛndli stæf, greɪt ˈsərvɪs, ənd greɪt loʊˈkeɪʃən, hoʊˈtɛl ʃʊd bi əˈməŋ jʊr ˈʧɔɪsɪz. hoʊˈtɛl fʊl əv ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ænˈtiks ənd ˈɑrtˌwərk kəˈlɛktəd ˈoʊvər ˈmɛni jɪrz, hoʊˈtɛl meɪks ju fil laɪk ju ər ˈlɪvɪŋ oʊld taɪmz. ɪt ɪz oʊnd baɪ θri ˈbrəðərz, ˈspikɪŋ 10 ˈdɪfərənt ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz. ðiz θri mɛn ˈdɛkərˌeɪtɪd ðə hoʊˈtɛl ɪn ðɛr oʊn weɪ. wɪθ ˈkələrfəl læmps ˈhæŋɪŋ frəm ðə ˈsilɪŋz ənd hænd meɪd ˈkɑrpəts ɔn ðə flɔrz, ðɪs buˈtik hoʊˈtɛl ɪz laɪk ə smɔl ˈpæləs əv ə ˈsəltən. pleɪst ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə oʊld ˈsɪti, hoʊˈtɛl ɪz wɪˈθɪn ˈwɔkɪŋ ˈdɪstəns tɪ ðə blu mɔsk, ˈsoʊfiə, ˌtɑpˈkɑpi ˈpæləs, ˈhɪpəˌdroʊm, bəˈzɪləkə ˈsɪstərn, ənd ðə grænd bəˈzɑr. ðə hoʊˈtɛlz sərvz teɪsts frəm ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈtərkɪʃ kwɪˈzin ɪn ɪts ˈrɛˌstrɑnt. əˈpɑn rɪkˈwɛst, ˈspɛʃəl daɪət milz ər ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪdɪd. ˈɛrˌpɔrt ˈʃətəl (ˈsərˌʧɑrʤ) ɪz əˈməŋ ðə ˈsərvɪsɪz əv ðə hoʊˈtɛl. wɪθ ɪts ˈhɛlpfəl ənd ˈfrɛndli stæf ənd greɪt loʊˈkeɪʃən, hoʊˈtɛl simz laɪk ə gʊd ʧɔɪs əˈməŋ ˈvɪntɪʤ hoʊˈtɛlz əraʊnd sultanahmet*. roʊz ˈgɑrdən swits ˌɪstɑnˈbul ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn sultanahmet*, roʊz ˈgɑrdən swits ɪz ʤɪst stɛps əˈweɪ frəm ðə meɪn attaractions*, səʧ ɛz ðə blu mɔsk, ˈsoʊfiə, bəˈzɪləkə ˈsɪstərn ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ðɪs buˈtik hoʊˈtɛlz həz 13 rumz ˈdɛkərˌeɪtɪd ɪn trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈɑtəmən ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər. ðə hoʊˈtɛl ɪz neɪmd ˈæftər ðə ˈroʊzɪz ɪn ɪts ˈgɑrdən. roʊz ˈgɑrdən swits ɪz ə juˈnik pleɪs tu ˈgɑrdənz ɪn ðə seɪm loʊˈkeɪʃən. wən əv ðə ˈgɑrdənz ɪz ˈkəvərd baɪ ˈroʊzɪz ənd ˈəðər ˈgɑrdən ɪz fər lənʧ ənd ˈdɪnər. səm əv ðə rumz hæv trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈtərkɪʃ bæθ ˌɪnˈsaɪd. ðə hoʊˈtɛl həz ə greɪt ˈtɛrəs vju əv ðə oʊld ˈsɪti, wɛr gɛsts kən ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðɛr ˈbrɛkfəst, lənʧ ər ˈdɪnər. ˈbeɪbiˌsɪtɪŋ, ˈspɛʃəl daɪət ˈmɛnju ənd ˈɛrˌpɔrt ˈʃətəl (ˈsərˌʧɑrʤ) kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi prəˈvaɪdɪd əˈpɑn rɪkˈwɛst. ðə hoʊˈtɛl həz ˈtrævələrz' choice®*® 2013 ˈwɪnər əˈwɔrd əv ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt tripadvisor*. hoʊˈtɛl ˌɪstɑnˈbul ə ˈsɛnʧəri, ˈmænʃən, hoʊˈtɛl ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɔn ə kwaɪət strit ɪn oʊld ˈsɪti, wɪˈθɪn ˈwɔkɪŋ ˈdɪstəns tɪ ðə meɪn əˈtrækʃənz. trəˈdɪʃənəli dɪˈzaɪnd rumz meɪk ju fil laɪk hoʊm, səm əv wɪʧ hæv ə ˈpraɪvət ˈtərkɪʃ ˈbæθˌrum. ðɛr ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈsɔnə, ə ˈlaɪvli café*é (ˈoʊpən ənˈtɪl ˈmɪdˌnaɪt), ə bar/lounge*, ənd ə ˈtɛrəs wɪθ ə greɪt vju. ˈhævɪŋ haɪ ˈreɪtɪŋz ɔn ˈdɪfərənt ˈwɛbˌsaɪts, ðɪs ˈspɛʃəl klæs buˈtik hoʊˈtɛl ˈɔfərz ə juˈnik steɪ ɪn ˌɪstɑnˈbul. ˈɛrˌpɔrt shuttle(surcharge*) ɪz prəˈvaɪdɪd əˈpɑn rɪkˈwɛst.
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hotel sultania
a luxury boutique hotel in istanbul’s old city. the forty rooms of the hotel are named after the mighty wives of the sultans of the ottoman empire. located between sirkeci and sultanahmet, hotel sultania is in a short distance to the main attractions. decorated in a 17th century style, this boutique hotels serves luxury for its guests. among its amenities are indoor pool and well-equipped gym, a traditional turkish hamam and sauna (including massages and body treatments). hotel sultania features the top-floor olive restaurant, which serves ottoman cuisine and buffet breakfast. the hotel has travelers' choice® 2013 winner award of the website tripadvisor. airport transfer(surcharge) is provided upon request. if you are searching for luxury, authenticity, excellent service and a sense of the old times, hotel sultania is waiting for you.
armada hotel “if istanbul had been properly preserved, what would we have today?” armada hotel claims that they have the answer to this question. located at the heart of the historical peninsula, armada hotel has 108 vintage style rooms, decorated in the ottoman style. in a 10-minute walking distance to the main attractions around sultanahmet, this hotel serves luxury along with great service and staff. armada hotel has rooftop terrace restaurant with views of the hagia sophia, the blue mosque and the sea of marmara. the hotel has a rich buffet breakfast with homemade breads, jams, organic fruits and many other alternatives. after a tiring day, guests can enjoy their drinks at the guest lounge, which organizes a permanent display of 50’s and 60’s radios. the hotel has a vintage bus and offers rental boat service (bosphorus tours) with a private yacht. for the ones seeking for an authentic istanbul experience, armada hotel could be the best choice.
dersaadet hotel
a19th century ottoman mansion, dersaadet hotel is a distinctive, family-run, moderate-priced boutique hotel at the center of the old city. the hotel has 17 rooms, decorated in ottoman era style with turkish carpets and also modern equipments. dersaadet hotel has a roof terrace looking over the old city and marmara sea, where you can have buffet breakfast and enjoy your drink. its lobby is also designed in a traditional way with hand made ceiling ornamentation. dersaadet hotel has travelers' choice® 2013 winner of the website tripadvisor.
sokullu pasa hotel in a walking distance to all main attractions in sultanahmet, sokullu pasa hotel is offering luxury in a vintage boutique hotel. built in the ottoman period as the house of sokullu pasha, the building was restored and converted into a boutique hotel. reflecting 16th century style in its decoration, sokullu pasa hotel blends tradition with a modern touch. the hotel has a bar and garden where guests can enjoy their drinks. sokullu pasa hotel provides free airport transportation and babysitting services for its guests. some of its rooms also have turkish bath inside. with its perfect staff, service and location, sokullu pasa hotel is taking a step further among many of its counterparts.
white house hotel istanbul
within walking distance to the landmarks of the city, white house hotel istanbul combines luxury with comfort. the hotel has 22 rooms, decorated in a vintage style. there is a restaurant, bar and lounge area inside the hotel. the hotel serves a non-alcoholic welcome drink and turkish delights upon arrival. guests staying at the hotel for 3 nights or more are entitled to free one-way transportation service from ataturk airport to the hotel (sabiha gokcen airport is not included). pets are also allowed in this hotel free of charge. the hotel has travelers' choice® 2013 winner award of the website tripadvisor. great location, great service, great staff.
esans hotel esans hotel is a family-run, 19th-century wooden mansion hotel. it has ottoman-style rooms with wooden furnishing and rich fabrics, named as old turkish essences such as, sultan room, harem room etc. just 120 meters (393 ft.) away from the main gate of the topkapi palace, esans hotel is located in the middle of the old city. it is within a walking distance to the blue mosque, hagia sophia, topkapi palace, hippodrome, basilica cistern, and the grand bazaar. previously owned by a master perfumer in the ottoman period, the wooden mansion was converted into a boutique hotel. if demanded, the hotel provides a special aroma/essence that the guests prefer for their rooms and baths. the hotel offers open buffet breakfast on its rooftop terrace with a unique view of the hagia sophia and marmara sea. additionally, guests can make complimentary international phone calls to usa, canada and some of the europe countries.with its friendly staff, great service, and great location, esans hotel should be among your choices.
kybele hotel
full of genuine antiques and artwork collected over many years, kybele hotel makes you feel like you are living old times. it is owned by three brothers, speaking 10 different languages. these three men decorated the hotel in their own way. with colorful lamps hanging from the ceilings and hand made carpets on the floors, this boutique hotel is like a small palace of a sultan. placed in the middle of the old city, kybele hotel is within walking distance to the blue mosque, hagia sophia, topkapi palace, hippodrome, basilica cistern, and the grand bazaar. the hotels serves tastes from the traditional turkish cuisine in its restaurant. upon request, special diet meals are also provided. airport shuttle (surcharge) is among the services of the hotel. with its helpful and friendly staff and great location, kybele hotel seems like a good choice among vintage hotels around sultanahmet.
rose garden suites istanbul
located in sultanahmet, rose garden suites is just steps away from the main attaractions, such as the blue mosque, hagia sophia, basilica cistern etc. this boutique hotels has 13 rooms decorated in traditional ottoman architecture. the hotel is named after the roses in its garden. rose garden suites is a unique place two gardens in the same location. one of the gardens is covered by roses and other garden is for lunch and dinner. some of the rooms have traditional turkish bath inside. the hotel has a great terrace view of the old city, where guests can enjoy their breakfast, lunch or dinner. babysitting, special diet menu and airport shuttle (surcharge) can also be provided upon request. the hotel has travelers' choice® 2013 winner award of the website tripadvisor.
hotel darussaade istanbul
a 19th century, 3-story ottoman-style mansion, hotel darussaade is located on a quiet street in istanbul’s old city, within 5-minute walking distance to the main attractions. traditionally designed rooms make you feel like home, some of which have a private turkish bathroom. there is also a sauna, a lively café (open until midnight), a bar/lounge, and a terrace with a great view. having high ratings on different websites, this special class boutique hotel offers a unique stay in istanbul. airport shuttle(surcharge) is provided upon request.
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ˈoʊnli θri ɔˈstreɪljən ˌjunəˈvərsətiz meɪd ðə tɔp 100 ɪn ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈgloʊbəl ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən ˈræŋkɪŋ ˈsərˌveɪ kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ faɪv læst jɪr. ˈeɪʒəz ˈræpədli ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ˌjunəˈvərsətiz skɔrd 18 slɑts ɪn ðə tɔp 100 əv ðə taɪmz haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənz wərld ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən ˈræŋkɪŋz kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈoʊnli 10 læst jɪr. ˈoʊnli ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɛlbərn, wɪʧ wɑz ˈikwəl 49th*, ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈnæʃənəl ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈsɪdni, wɪʧ wər boʊθ ɪn ðə 61 tɪ 70 bænd, meɪd ɪt ˈɪntu ðə tɔp 100 ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɛlbərn ɪz ɔˈstreɪljəz tɔp ˌjunəˈvərsəti baɪ ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən. ʤɑn læm tu ˈəðərz, ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv kˈwinzˌlænd ənd ˈmɑˌnæʃ ˌjunəˈvərsəti, wər ɪn ðə tɔp 100 ɪn 2015 bət ˈdɪdənt meɪk ðə kət ðɪs jɪr. ðə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən ˈræŋkɪŋz ər beɪst ɔn ðə əˈpɪnjənz əv mɔr ðən ˌækəˈdɛmɪks ˈwərldˈwaɪd hu neɪm ðə bɛst ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ɪn ðɛr fild.
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only three australian universities made the top 100 in the latest global reputation ranking survey compared with five last year.
asia's rapidly improving universities scored 18 slots in the top 100 of the times higher education's world reputation rankings compared with only 10 last year.
only the university of melbourne, which was equal 49th, the australian national university and the university of sydney, which were both in the 61 to 70 band, made it into the top 100.
the university of melbourne is australia's top university by reputation. john lamb
two others, the university of queensland and monash university, were in the top 100 in 2015 but didn't make the cut this year.
the reputation rankings are based on the opinions of more than 10,000 academics worldwide who name the best universities in their field.
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jəŋ lin ɪz pərˈhæps wən əv ðə moʊst ˈpoʊlərˌaɪzɪŋ, ˌɛsəˈtɛrɪk ənd wɪrd ˈfɪgjərz ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt. æt ʤɪst 19 jɪrz oʊld, ðə sˈwidɪʃ ˈɑrtɪst ənd hɪz sæd bɔɪz ræp kru hæv ˈmænɪʤd tɪ əˈtrækt ˈliʤənz əv kəlt ˈfɑloʊərz θru ə bɪˈzɑr ɛsˈθɛtɪk ðət stɛmz frəm ə sɛns əv ˈbɛˌdrum ɪˈskeɪˌpɪzəm, ə əv səˈbərbən ɛˈnui, pɑp ˈkəlʧər, drəgz ənd ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə aɪst ti. sɪns ðə riˈlis əv hɪz 2014 ˈdeɪbju ˈɛlˈpi, ənˈnoʊn ˈmɛməri, lin həz səkˈsɛsfəli (ənd səˈpraɪzɪŋli) frəm ˈjuˌtub troʊl ˈɑdəti tɪ ˈbɑnəˌfaɪd nɪʧ sɛnˈseɪʃən. naʊ bæk wɪθ ə ˈsɑfˌmɔr ˈælbəm, ˈwɔˌrlɔrd, wi ɪgˈzæmɪn ˈsɛvərəl kəmˈpoʊnənts ðət ˈmeɪˌkəp əp jəŋ ˈɑrtɪstri. ʧɑpt skrud jəŋ saʊnd ɪz ə bɪt hɑrd tɪ slæp ə tæg ɔn, bət ˈɔfən kənˈsɪdərd ə ˈpoʊstər ʧaɪld əv ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld rap”*”. fər ðoʊz ˌənfəˈmɪljər wɪθ ðə tərm, klaʊd ræp (ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld ““trillwave”*”) ɪz ˈprɪti məʧ ˈænsər tɪ ˈhɪˌphɔp mˈjuzɪk ənd ɪz ˈkɑmənli dɪˈfaɪnd ˈviə ɪts rɪˈlaɪəns ɔn ɪˈθɪriəl, nu ˌætməsˈfɛrɪks ənd sɪˈdeɪtɪd bits ˈoʊvər ˈlɪrɪks ənd ˈspiˌdi ˈræpɪŋ staɪlz. bət waɪl ðə əbˈskjʊr ˈtitərz ɔn ˈməltəpəl ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz wɪˈθɪn ðə saʊnd sfɪr drim pɑp, prəˈgrɛsɪv træns, træp, ˈæmbiənt klaʊd ræp, æt ɪts kɔr, bɛrz ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˌsɪməˈlɛrəti tɪ ʧɑpt ənd skrud. wɪθ ɪts, ˈɔrə ənd ˈræpɪŋ, lin nɑt ˈoʊnli tæps ˈɪntu ʧɑpt ənd ˈsɑnɪk ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks, bət ðə ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtər, ðə leɪt skru, wɑz ə pərˈveɪər əv ðə ˈpərpəl, ˈbɛvərɪʤ ““lean,”*,” wɪʧ ðə sˈwidɪʃ ˈræpər həz rɪpt ɪn hɪz ˈneɪmˌseɪk, ˈlɪrɪks ənd ˈɑrtˌwərk. ɑrt ““post-internet”*” ˈlusli rɪˈfərz tɪ ən ɑrt ˈmuvmənt dɪˈfaɪnd baɪ ɛsˈθɛtɪks ənd ˈkəlʧərz wɪʧ hæv spɔnd ˈviə ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt, ˈmeɪnli rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ðə moʊdz baɪ wɪʧ ˈpipəl kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt θru ɪt. ə ˈprɪti ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ənd brɔd tərm ˈhaɪli ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ɪn ðə ɑrt kəmˈjunɪti, bət ˈsoʊʃəl ˈplætˌfɔrmz laɪk ˈmaɪˌspeɪs ənd ˈtəmblər hæv bɪn ˈbridɪŋ graʊnz fər ˈɑrtɪsts. ər pərˈhæps ðə ˈbɪgəst əˈfɛndərz, ˈjuzɪŋ ðɛr nɔˈstælʤə əv pɑp ˈkəlʧər ənd ˈərli ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ ˈsaɪbərˌspeɪs ɛz peɪnt fər ðɛr ˈkænvəsɪz. ðə ˈmuvmənt həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈspɪˌrhɛdɪŋ səm əv ðə moʊst əbˈskjʊr ənd ˈsəbˌkəlʧərz ɪn ˈrisənt taɪmz, səʧ ɛz ðə netscape-bred*, ɛsˈθɛtɪks əv ənd ðə ˈmɪstɪkəl, ˈbɛrɪŋz əv vaporwave*. jəŋ lin ɪz baɪ ənd lɑrʤ ə ˈprɑdəkt əv ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ənd ə ˈlidɪŋ ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv juθs hu ˈgɑrnər feɪm θru ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. ˈæftər hɪz ˈvɪdioʊ fər strɪp wɛnt ˈvaɪrəl ɪn 2013 ˈvɪʒwəlz wʊd bi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd baɪ ðɛr kˈwɑləti, ˈæməˌʧər ˈæftər ˈifɛkts ˈrɛndərɪŋz ənd ˈrɛfərənsɪz tɪ pɑp ˈkəlʧər. ˈɔfən pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ˈspeɪsi, leɪaʊts, ðə sæd ˈvɪdioʊz ər ˈlækərd wɪθ θɪŋz laɪk ˈrɛtroʊ nɛt ˈgræfɪks, ˈwɪndoʊz 95 ˈtaɪpˌfeɪs, ˈfloʊtɪŋ ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə aɪst ti ˈbɑtəlz, kɑrdz ənd nɪnˈtɛndoʊ 64 ˈævəˌtɑrz; ˈbɛˌdrum ɪˈskeɪˌpɪzəm baɪ weɪ əv ə ˈbeɪbi ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ faɪnd ˈsɑləs ɪn ən ˈfænəsi, ɪf ju wɪl. ˈfæʃən lin həz bɪn dəbd ɛz ə troʊl ɔn ˈməltəpəl əˈkaʊnts: hɪz ˈræpɪŋ staɪl, əv dɪˈprɛʃən ənd bæd ˈfæʃən sɛns. bət heɪ, æt list ðə gaɪ dɪz ɪt wɪθ kənˈvɪkʃən. bɔrn ɪn 1996 ðə ˈræpər wɑz pərˈhæps ə bɪt tu jəŋ tɪ bi ˈbɪŋgɪŋ ɔn ˈpɑpjələr ʃoʊz laɪk ˈʤərzi ʃɔr ənd ðə ðə ˈsɪmpəl laɪf ˈpɔli di ənd ˈpɛrɪs ˈhɪltən wər ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt ðə bɛst roʊl ˈmɑdəlz fər ə twin ʤɪst ˈhɪtɪŋ ˈpjubərti bət ˈsərtənli ˈteɪkən ˈnoʊtɪs əv ðə ˈfæʃən trɛnz. kən bi dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə krɔs bɪtˈwin ɛd ˈhɑrdi gˈwidoʊ hu ˈfrikˌwɛnts ˈfɛstɪvəlz, mits boot-wearing*, ˈbeɪsɪk bɪʧ hu ləvz ðə fɔl. bət hi ˈlɪmət hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ ʤɪst ðoʊz əˈmɛrɪkən ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪps; ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, ðə sæd bɔɪ kən bi sin ˈʧænəlɪŋ ləˈgunə biʧ ʤɑk kəmˈplit wɪθ ˈpoʊloʊ ʃərts ənd nɔrθ feɪs flis ˈʤækɪts, waɪl ˈəðər taɪmz hi tæps ˈvivə lɑ bæm ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈbəkɪt hæts ənd ˈmɛtəl (ˈeɪkɪn tɪ hɪz nu laɪn əv merch*). pɑrt ˈaɪrəni, pɑrt hɑt mɛs, ɔl pɑrts ɪn ɑr ˈhəmbəl əˈpɪnjən. ʤəˈpæn wɪθ sɔŋz ˈbɛrɪŋ ˈtaɪtəlz laɪk ““kyoto,”*,” city”*” ənd drift,”*,” əˈfɛkʃən fər ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈkəlʧər ɪz ˈsprɪŋkəld ˈɪntu ˈməltəpəl ˈfæsəts əv hɪz wərk. lin meɪks ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈrɛfərənsɪz tɪ ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd fædz səʧ ɛz, ˈmæŋgə ənd nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ɪn hɪz ˈlɪrɪks, waɪl ˈvɪʒwəlz əv ðə əˈfɔrˌmɛnʃənd ər ˈɔfən faʊnd sˈwərlɪŋ əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈvɪdioʊz ər təˈgɛðər laɪk ə ˈbɪlˌbɔrd. ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈkɛrɪktərz ər əˈnəðər bɪg pleɪər ɪn ɛsˈθɛtɪk, ɛmˈbleɪzənd ɔn ˈnɪrli ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm tʊr ˈmərʧənˌdaɪz tɪ ˈælbəm ˈɑrtˌwərk. naʊ ðət ju noʊ jəŋ ɛsˈθɛtɪk ˈmeɪˌkəp, strim hɪz ˈleɪtəst ˈælbəm ˈwɔˌrlɔrd bɪˈloʊ. səbˈskraɪb 1232 ʃɛrz ʃɛr twit iˈmeɪl wərdz baɪ ˈnikoʊ ˈfæʃən ˈɛdɪtər, nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə
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yung lean is perhaps one of the most polarizing, esoteric and weird figures on the internet. at just 19 years old, the swedish artist and his sad boys rap crew have managed to attract legions of cult followers through a bizarre aesthetic that stems from a sense of tumblr-tinged bedroom escapism, a fetishization of suburban ennui, early-mid 2000s pop culture, drugs and arizona iced tea.
since the release of his gauzy 2014 debut lp, unknown memory, lean has successfully (and surprisingly) transitioned from youtube troll oddity to bonafide niche sensation.
now back with a sophomore album, warlord, we examine several components that makeup up yung lean’s artistry.
chopped & screwed
yung lean’s sound is a bit hard to slap a tag on, but he’s often considered a poster child of the so-called “cloud rap” subgenre. for those unfamiliar with the term, cloud rap (also called “trillwave”) is pretty much tumblr’s answer to hip-hop music and is commonly defined via its reliance on ethereal, new age-like atmospherics and sedated beats over decipherable lyrics and speedy rapping styles.
but while the obscure subgenre teeters on multiple territories within the sound sphere – dream pop, progressive trance, trap, ambient – cloud rap, at its core, bears the strongest similarity to chopped and screwed. with its gauzy, funereal aura and molasses-paced rapping, lean not only taps into chopped and screwed’s sonic characteristics, but the genre’s originator, the late dj screw, was a purveyor of the purple, codeine-based beverage “lean,” which the swedish rapper has ripped in his namesake, lyrics and artwork.
post-internet art
“post-internet” loosely refers to an art movement defined by aesthetics and cultures which have spawned via the internet, mainly resulting in the modes by which people communicate through it. it’s a pretty controversial and broad term that’s highly criticized in the art community, but social platforms like myspace and tumblr have been breeding grounds for post-internet artists.
millennials are perhaps the biggest post-internet offenders, using their nostalgia of ’90s pop culture and early exposure to cyberspace as paint for their url-generated canvases. the movement has also been responsible for spearheading some of the most obscure micro-genres and subcultures in recent times, such as the netscape-bred, aqua-tinged aesthetics of seapunk and the mystical, dystopian bearings of vaporwave.
yung lean is by and large a product of the internet and a leading example of a generation of youths who garner fame through social media. after his video for “ginseng strip 2002” went viral in 2013, lean’s visuals would be recognized by their lo-fi quality, amateur after effects renderings and rapid-fire references to pop culture.
often presented in spacey, collage-like layouts, the sad boy’s videos are lacquered with things like retro net graphics, windows 95 typeface, floating arizona iced tea bottles, pokémon cards and nintendo 64 avatars; bedroom escapism by way of a ’90s baby looking to find solace in an icloud fantasy, if you will.
2000s fashion
lean has been dubbed as a troll on multiple accounts: his half-assed rapping style, glamorization of depression and bad fashion sense. but hey, at least the guy does it with conviction. born in 1996, the rapper was perhaps a bit too young to be binging on popular 2000s shows like jersey shore and the the simple life – pauly d and paris hilton were probably not the best role models for a tween just hitting puberty – but he’s certainly taken notice of the era’s fashion trends.
lean’s steez can be described as a cross between ed hardy guido juicehead who frequents edm festivals, meets ugg boot-wearing, psl-sipping basic bitch who loves the fall. but he doesn’t limit himself to just those post-millennium american stereotypes; sometimes, the sad boy can be seen channeling laguna beach prepster jock complete with popped-collar polo shirts and north face fleece jackets, while other times he taps viva la bam sk8erboi wearing bucket hats and metal graphics-emblazoned long-sleeves (akin to his new line of merch). part irony, part hot mess, all parts fleeky in our humble opinion.
japan
with songs bearing titles like “kyoto,” “yoshi city” and “tokyo drift,” lean’s affection for japanese culture is sprinkled into multiple facets of his work. lean makes frequent references to childhood fads such as pokémon, manga and nintendo in his lyrics, while visuals of the aforementioned are often found swirling about his videos or collaged together like a shibuya billboard. japanese characters are another big player in lean’s aesthetic, emblazoned on nearly everything from tour merchandise to album artwork.
now that you know yung lean’s aesthetic makeup, stream his latest album warlord below.
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words by nico amarca fashion editor, north america
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ˌkɛrɪktərɪˈzeɪʃən əv ðə ˈkɛmɪkəl riˈækʃən ˈnɛtˌwərk ðə ˈkɛmɪkəl riˈækʃən ˈnɛtˌwərk wi dɪˈskraɪb teɪks pleɪs ɪn ˈbəfərd ˈwɔtər æt ˈpiˈeɪʧ 6 æt rum ˈtɛmpərəʧər ənd kənˈsɪsts əv ə (priˈkərsər) ðət ɪz kənˈvərtɪd ˈɪntu ən ænˈhaɪdrɪd (ˈprɑdəkt) baɪ kənˈsəmʃən əv ə (fjuəl; fɪg. 1a*). ðə ˈeɪkwiəs ænˈhaɪdrɪd ˈprɑdəkt ɪz ənˈsteɪbəl ənd ˈræpədli bæk tɪ ðə ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ. waɪl ðə priˈkərsər ˈkɛriz tu ˈnɛgətɪv ˈʧɑrʤɪz ˈəndər ðə dɪˈskraɪbd kənˈdɪʃənz, ðə ænˈhaɪdrɪd ˈprɑdəkt ɪz uncharged*. wi juzd ðɪs, ˈdrɪvən baɪ ɑr ˈkɛmɪkəl riˈækʃən ˈnɛtˌwərk, tɪ ˈdiˌkris ðə əv ðə priˈkərsər ənd ðəs ˌɪnˈdus. wi ɪkˈsplɔrd priˈkərsərz beɪst ɔn (di) ənd ˈglutəˌmeɪt (i) bɪˈkəz ðɛr ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ ˈsaɪklɪk wər fɔrmd wɪθ haɪ ˈrɛlətɪv jildz. mɔˈroʊvər, biɪŋ ˈnæʧərəl əˈminoʊ ˈæsədz, ðiz priˈkərsərz wər kəˈmərʃəli əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ˈnumərəs ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz ər kʊd bi ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ɪn məˈtɪriəlz. wi ˈtɛstɪd θri fjuəlz ənd sɪks priˈkərsərz (fɪg. 1b,c*). ðə priˈkərsərz ɔl bɛr ə ˈrɛlətɪvli lɑrʤ prəˈtɛktɪŋ grup (fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl*, fmoc*) ðət eɪdz əˈsɛmbli ˈdrɪvən baɪ ˈoʊvərˌlæp ənd kəˈlæps. ˌɪnˈdid, wi faʊnd ðət ðə əv ənd əˈsɛmbəld ɪn ənd, rɪˈspɛktɪvli (vaɪd ˈɪnfrə). wi ˌɪntrəˈdust ðə əˈminoʊ ˈæsədz ənd (ə ənd vi, rɪˈspɛktɪvli) wɪθ ə haɪ prəˈpɛnsɪti tɪ fɔrm wɪθ ˈneɪbərɪŋ ˈpɛpˌtaɪdz tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðə əv ðə əˈsɛmbliz. ˌɪnˈdid, wi faʊnd ðət ðə əv,, ənd əˈsɛmbəld ˈɪntu (vaɪd ˈɪnfrə). ˈfɪgjər 1 ˈtrænʒənt ænˈhaɪdrɪd fɔrˈmeɪʃən baɪ fjuəlz. (ə) skim əv ðə ˈkɛmɪkəl riˈækʃən ˈnɛtˌwərk fər ðə fjuəl ˈdrɪvən fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ə ˈtrænʒənt ænˈhaɪdrɪd bɑnd. (bi) məˈlɛkjələr ˈstrəkʧərz əv ðə priˈkərsərz juzd ɪn ðɪs ˈstədi. (si) məˈlɛkjələr ˈstrəkʧərz əv ðə fjuəlz juzd ɪn ðɪs ˈstədi. fʊl saɪz ˈɪmɪʤ baɪ minz əv ˈlɪkwɪd kroʊməˈtɑgrəfi (hplc*) ənd ˌɪˈlɛktroʊˌspreɪ ˌaɪənəˈzeɪʃən mæs spɛkˈtrɑskəpi, ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ðə ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv fjuəl, priˈkərsər ənd ˈprɑdəkt wɑz ˈfɑloʊd. ɪn ɔl ɪkˈspɛrəmənts, ə bæʧ əv fjuəl wɑz ˈædɪd tɪ ə ˈbəfərd səˈluʃən əv 10 priˈkərsər. æt ə ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv 10, wi dɪd nɑt faɪnd ˈɛni ˈɛvədəns əv əˈsɛmbliz fər ˈɛni əv ðə priˈkərsərz (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 1a,b*). wi ˈmɑnətərd ðə ˈpiˈeɪʧ ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈsaɪkəl tɪ kənˈfərm ðət ˈəndər ðiz kənˈdɪʃənz ðə ˈbəfər həz səˈfɪʃənt kəˈpæsɪti (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 1c*). ðə haɪəst ænˈhaɪdrɪd jildz wər faʊnd fər ðə fjuəl beɪst ɔn (edc*) ɛz ɪt wɑz ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈsteɪbəl ɪn ɑr ˈbəfər (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 1d*), jɛt riˈæktɪv təˈwɔrdz ɑr priˈkərsərz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈəðər fjuəlz ˈɔlsoʊ fɔrmd ənd wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌɪnˈdus (vaɪd ˈɪnfrə), ðɛr jildz wər ˈdræstɪkli loʊər (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 1e*). wi ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈfoʊkɪst moʊst əv ɑr ˈstədiz ɔn. iʧ ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ðə ˈtrænʒənt fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ðə ænˈhaɪdrɪd ˈprɑdəkt wɪθ ə ˈsaɪkəl taɪm ɪn ðə reɪnʤ əv tɛnz əv ˈmɪnəts tɪ ˈsɛvərəl aʊərz (fɪg. 2 ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪgz ɪt wɑz faʊnd ðət ðə ˈkɛmɪkəl riˈækʃən ˈnɛtˌwərks ðət juzd dərˈɪvətɪvz beɪst ɔn gluˈtæmɪk ˈæsəd (i) ɛz ə priˈkərsər wər proʊn tɪ ðə ənˈwɔntɪd fɔrˈmeɪʃən ɛz ə saɪd riˈækʃən, ə riˈækʃən wɪʧ jildz ə ˈsteɪbəl ˈprɑdəkt əv ðə əˈtæʧt tɪ ðə priˈkərsər. ðə jildz əv ðɪs ənˈwɔntɪd saɪd riˈækʃən wər nɑt 2 ɛz ɪkˈsprɛst ɪn əˈmaʊnt əv fjuəl ˈædɪd (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri noʊt 1 ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri ˈteɪbəl 4 ənd ɪt ɪz ənˈlaɪkli ðət ðiz ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz əˈfɛkt məˈtɪriəl ˈprɑpərtiz. ˈfɪgjər 2 ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ænˈhaɪdrɪd ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz θru fjuəl ˈdrɪvən ˈsaɪkəlz ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd baɪ kɪˈnɛtɪk ˈmɑdəlz. (a–f*) plɑts əv ðə ænˈhaɪdrɪd ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əˈgɛnst taɪm ɪn ə ˈdɪsəˌpeɪtɪv ˈsaɪkəl fər ˈdɪfərənt ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz fər,,,, ənd. ðə blæk ˈmɑrkərz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən ˈjuzɪŋ ðə kɪˈnɛtɪk ˈmɑdəl, ðə pleɪnz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt bɪtˈwin ðə ˈmɑdəl ˈdætə. noʊt ðə ˈdɪfərənt ɛks (taɪm) ənd waɪ (fjuəl) ˈæksəs fər kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə ənd ˈsɪriz. ðə ʃoʊ ə græf əv ðə ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən ænˈhaɪdrɪd əˈgɛnst taɪm fər wən bæʧ əv fjuəl 10 ər 50) ɛz dɪˈtərmənd baɪ (ˈmɑrkərz) ənd ðə kɪˈnɛtɪk ˈmɑdəl (ˈsɑləd laɪn). fʊl saɪz ˈɪmɪʤ ə kɪˈnɛtɪk ˈmɑdəl wɑz juzd tɪ dɪˈskraɪb ɔl ˈrɛləvənt riˈækʃənz ɪn ɑr ˈkɛmɪkəl riˈækʃən ˈnɛtˌwərks (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri noʊt 2 ðiz riˈækʃənz ər ðə dɪˈrɛkt haɪˈdrɑləsəs əv, ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv baɪ riˈækʃən əv fjuəl wɪθ priˈkərsər, ðə kənˈvərʒən əv ðə tɪ ðə ænˈhaɪdrɪd, ðə dɪˈrɛkt haɪˈdrɑləsəs əv ðə tɪ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl priˈkərsər, ənd ðə haɪˈdrɑləsəs əv ðə ænˈhaɪdrɪd tɪ ðə priˈkərsər. ðə stɛp ɪn ðə ænˈhaɪdrɪd fɔrˈmeɪʃən wɑz ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ðə. ðɪs riˈækʃən hæd ə reɪt ˈkɑnstənt wɪʧ wɑz ɪn ðə seɪm ˈɔrdər əv ˈmægnəˌtud fər iʧ wi ˈtɛstɪd (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri ˈteɪbəl 1 ɪn ˈkɑntræst, ðə reɪt ˈkɑnstənt fər ænˈhaɪdrɪd haɪˈdrɑləsəs ˈdɪfərd əp tɪ tu ˈɔrdərz əv ˈmægnəˌtud, ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm fər tɪ fər ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ən ænˈhaɪdrɪd əv ənd 30 mɪn, rɪˈspɛktɪvli (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri ˈteɪbəl 1 fər ɔl priˈkərsərz ɪkˈsɛpt ənd, ðə ˈmɑdəl wɑz ˈstreɪtˈfɔrwərd ənd ðə reɪt ˈkɑnstənts fər ðə riˈækʃənz wər səˈfɪʃənt tɪ fɪt ɑr ˈdætə, ˈwɛðər əˈsɛmbliz wər ˈprɛzənt ər nɑt (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪgz tɪ ɑr səˈpraɪz, fər ənd, ðə ænˈhaɪdrɪd haɪˈdrɑləsəs reɪt ˈkɑnstənt wɑz faʊnd tɪ bi sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli loʊər ɪn ðə ˈprɛzəns əv əˈsɛmbliz. ɪn ˈifɛkt, ðə lɑrʤ θri dɪˈmɛnʃənəl əˈsɛmbliz ðət ðiz ˈprɑdəkts fɔrmd ɪgˈzərtɪd ˈnɛgətɪv ˈfidˌbæk ɔn ðɛr oʊn haɪˈdrɑləsəs reɪt baɪ prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðə frəm ˈwɔtər, ˈðɛrˈbaɪ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əv ðə məˈtɪriəlz (vaɪd ˈɪnfrə). ðə ˈfidˌbæk wɑz ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ˈɪntu ðə kɪˈnɛtɪk ˈmɑdəl baɪ ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ ə ˈsɛkənd fər haɪˈdrɑləsəs əˈbəv ə θˈrɛˌʃoʊld ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən. ðɪs θˈrɛˌʃoʊld ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən wɑz dɪˈtərmənd səʧ ðət ðə ˈmɑdəl ˈfɪtɪd ðə ˈdætə bɛst (si ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri noʊt 2 fər ə dɪˈskəʃən ɔn ðə ˈfidˌbæk ənd θˈrɛˌʃoʊld ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən). ˈjuzɪŋ ɑr kɪˈnɛtɪk ˈmɑdəlz, ðə ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ðə ˈrɛləvənt ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈspiʃiz θru ðə ˈsaɪkəl kʊd bi ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd fər iʧ priˈkərsər (fɪg. 2 ˌkɛrɪktərɪˈzeɪʃən əv ɪŋks wi faʊnd ðət ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv 10 ɛz ə fjuəl tɪ ə səˈluʃən əv 10 tərnd ðə klɪr səˈluʃən ˈɪntu ə wən, ˈpɔɪntɪŋ tɪ əˈsɛmbliz fɔrmd baɪ ðə ænˈhaɪdrɪd wɪθ ˈsaɪzɪz əv æt list ˈhənərdz əv ˈnænoʊˌmitərz. ðə əˈsɛmbli ˈprɔˌsɛs kən bi ɪkˈspleɪnd baɪ ðə kənˈvərʒən əv ðə tu ˈnɛgətɪvli ʧɑrʤd ˈɪntu ə ˈrɛlətɪvli ænˈhaɪdrɪd. ðə ˈrɛndərz ðə ˈmɑləˌkjulz ˌɪnˈsɑljəbəl ənd ˌɪnˈdusɪz, ˈlaɪkli ˈdrɪvən baɪ ˈoʊvərˌlæp ənd kəˈlæps. maɪˈkrəskəpi ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ðiz ˈsæmpəlz rɪˈvild ðə ˈprɛzəns əv wɪθ əv tɛnz əv 10 mɪn ˈæftər fjuəl əˈdɪʃən (fɪg. 3a*). ðə səˈluʃənz tərnd trænˈspɛrənt ˈoʊvər taɪm ənd ə læk əv əˈsɛmbliz wɑz ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd baɪ maɪˈkrəskəpi (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 5a–c*). ðə ˈtrænʒənt tərˈbɪdəti wɑz kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪd baɪ spɛkˈtrɑskəpi ənd wi faʊnd ðət ðə ˈgreɪtər ðə bæʧ əv fjuəl, ðə ˈlɔŋgər ðə səˈluʃənz rɪˈmeɪnd (fɪg. 3b*). ən ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri θˈrɛˌʃoʊld əv ˈjunɪts wɑz ˈʧoʊzən tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ðə tərˈbɪdəti əv ðə ˈsæmpəlz. wi faʊnd ðət 10 əv fjuəl kɛpt ðə ˈsæmpəlz fər mɪn ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ə θˈrɛˌʃoʊld ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv əv ænˈhaɪdrɪd əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌɪntrəˈdust kɪˈnɛtɪk ˈmɑdəl. ðɪs θˈrɛˌʃoʊld ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən wɑz juzd tɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əv səˈluʃənz fər ˈəðər ˌɪˈnɪʃəl fjuəl ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz. ˌɪnˈdid, ðə ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪd wɛl tɪ ðə ɪkˌspɛrəˈmɛntəli dɪˈtərmənd ˈlaɪfˌtaɪmz əv tərˈbɪdəti ənd ɑr ˈæktɪv səˈluʃənz kʊd bi kɛpt fər 87 tɪ mɪn fər 5 tɪ 20 əv (fɪg. 3c*). ˈfaɪnəli, ðə əv ɑr ˈsɪstəm wɑz ˈtɛstɪd baɪ ˈædɪŋ 5 əv ɛz fjuəl ənd ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ðə tərˈbɪdəti fər 100 mɪn fər faɪv ˈsaɪkəlz. noʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ðə ˈsaɪkəlz wər əbˈzərvd (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 5d*). ˈfɪgjər 3 ɪŋks wɪθ ə ˈtunəbəl ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm fɔrmd baɪ. (ə) əv ə səˈluʃən əv 10 ænˈhaɪdrɪd 10 mɪn ˈæftər əˈdɪʃən əv 10 ɪn ðə ˈprɛzəns əv naɪl rɛd (skeɪl bɑrz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt 10). (bi) æt 600 ɛz ə ˈmɛʒər fər tərˈbɪdəti fər səˈluʃənz əv 10 əˈgɛnst taɪm ˈæftər əˈdɪʃən əv ə bæʧ əv fjuəl. ðə ˈdɑtɪd blæk laɪn ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə səˈlɛktɪd θˈrɛˌʃoʊld əv ˈjunɪts. (si) ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əv ðə tərˈbɪdəti əv ðə ˈsæmpəlz ɛz dɪˈtərmənd baɪ ˈdætə frəm bi (ˈmɑrkərz) ənd ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd baɪ ðə kɪˈnɛtɪk ˈmɑdəl (ˈsɑləd laɪnz) əˈgɛnst ˌɪˈnɪʃəl fjuəl ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən. ˈɛrər bɑrz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə s.d*. (di) skɪˈmætɪk ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən əv ˈmidiəm. ɪz dɪˈzɑlvd ɪn ə 30. ˈoʊnli wɛr fjuəl ɪz əˈplaɪd tərˈbɪdəti əˈpɪrz. (i) ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs əv ʤɛlz ˈoʊvər taɪm. ðə ʤɛlz wər pleɪst ɔn ə blæk ˈsərfəs ənd wɪθ waɪt laɪt tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ˈkɑntræst. ˈæftər 600 mɪn, noʊ ˈɛvədəns əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɪmɪʤ wɑz faʊnd ənd ðə məˈtɪriəl wɑz ənd riuzd (skeɪl bɑr ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts 1 cm*). (ɛf) ˈævərɪʤ greɪ ˈvæljuz əv ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs əv ˈɛriəz ˈoʊvər taɪm. fʊl saɪz ˈɪmɪʤ wi sɔt aʊt ðə ˌæpləkəˈbɪləti əv ɑr ðə səˈluʃənz wɪθ ˈtrænʒənt tərˈbɪdəti ɛz ə ˈkɛriər fər ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈmɛsɪʤɪz wɪθ ə ˈtunəbəl ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm, ðət ɪz, ɛz ə ˈmidiəm (fɪg.). daɪˈnæmɪk ˈstrəkʧərz hæv bɪn ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ɪŋk ˈjuzɪŋ ˈdrɪvən baɪ laɪt, wɪʧ meɪks ˈtunɪŋ ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm baɪ əˈmaʊnt əv ˈɛnərʤi əˈplaɪd wi ˌɪˈmoʊbəˌlaɪzd 10 ɪn ə ˈpɑləmər ənd əˈplaɪd haɪ ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz əv fjuəl ɛz ɪŋk wɪθ ə spreɪ θru ə θˌrizdɪˈmɛnʃənəl) ˈprɪnɪd mæsk. ðə trænˈspɛrənt ʤɛlz ˈræpədli tərnd, bət ˈoʊnli wɛr ðə fjuəl hæd bɪn əˈplaɪd. ˈoʊvər taɪm ðə ˈmɛsɪʤɪz əˈlaʊɪŋ ðə riˈjuz əv ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ˈkɛriər. ˈdɪfərənt ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm tɪ 2 ɛm wər juzd ɛz ɪŋk ənd ɔl ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz ʃoʊd ðə ˈmɛsɪʤɪz (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 5e–h*). ˈjuzɪŋ fəˈtɑgrəfi ənd ˈɪmɪʤ æˈnælɪsɪs ˈsɔfˌwɛr, wi kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪd ðə ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti ˈoʊvər taɪm. ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti ˌɪnˈkrist wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv fjuəl, bət ðɪs trɛnd dɪd nɑt hoʊld bɪɔnd 1 ɛm əv fjuəl. æt ðɪs ˈmoʊmənt, ɪt ɪz nɑt klɪr waɪ ðɪs trɛnd feɪlz æt haɪ fjuəl ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz. ðə ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti əv ðə prɪnts ˈdiˌkrist ˈoʊvər taɪm ənd wɑz ˈfʊli ɪˈreɪst ˈæftər ˈrəfli 10 eɪʧ. ˈkruʃəli, ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪmz əv ðə ˈvɪzəbəl prɪnts kʊd bi tund frəm ˈrəfli 200 tɪ 500 mɪn baɪ ˈɔltərɪŋ ðə ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv fjuəl (fɪg. 3f*). wɪθ ə ˈtunəbəl ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm nɛkst, wi ˈstədid ðə bɪˈheɪvjər əv ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ fjuəl. waɪl 10 əv ðɪs priˈkərsər ˈjildɪd klɪr səˈluʃənz, ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv 5 ər mɔr fɔrmd ˈtrænʒənt səˈluʃənz. maɪˈkrəskəpi ʃoʊd, tɪ ɑr səˈpraɪz, ˈjunəˌfɔrm 10 mɪn ˈæftər ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ðə fjuəl (fɪg. 4a*). daɪˈnæmɪk laɪt ˈskætərɪŋ (dls*) kənˈfərmd ðə ˈtrænʒənt ˈprɛzəns əv ˈpɑrtɪkəlz ənd ʃoʊd ðət ðɛr ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ˈræpədli gru tɪ ə plæˈtoʊ ˈvælju əv. ˈæftər ðə plæˈtoʊ, ðə ˈpɑrtɪkəlz ˈdiˌkrist ðɛr saɪz ənˈtɪl ɔl hæd ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd (fɪg. 4b*; ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 6a*). ðɪs plæˈtoʊ ˈvælju wɑz ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt əv ðə əˈmaʊnt əv fjuəl ˈædɪd. əˈbəv 20 əv, ðə ˈpɑrtɪkəlz prɪˈsɪpɪˌteɪtɪd, waɪl bɪˈloʊ 5 noʊ ˈpɑrtɪkəlz wər faʊnd. wɪˈθɪn ðɪs ˈwɪndoʊ əv fjuəl ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz, ˈpɑrtɪkəlz wər ˈprɛzənt. ðə ˈskætərɪŋ ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti ˈdætə wɑz juzd tɪ faɪnd ðə taɪm wɛr noʊ mɔr ˈpɑrtɪkəlz wər faʊnd. fər ˈɪnstəns, ɪn ðə keɪs əv 10 əv fjuəl, ðə ˈskætərɪŋ ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti riʧt ɪts ərˈɪʤənəl ˈlɛvəl ˈæftər mɪn, ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ ən ænˈhaɪdrɪd ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈmɑdəl. ðɪs θˈrɛˌʃoʊld ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən wɑz juzd ɪn ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən wɪθ ðə kɪˈnɛtɪk ˈmɑdəl tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əv ðə ˈpɑrtɪkəlz fər ˈəðər ˌɪˈnɪʃəl fjuəl ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz. wɪθ ðə ˈmɑdəl, wi faʊnd ðət ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm ˌɪnˈkrist ˈlɪniərli frəm 20 tɪ 120 mɪn fər 5 tɪ 20 əv, ənd ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ðət ðə ˈmɑdəl prɪˈdɪktɪd ðiz ˈlaɪfˌtaɪmz kərˈɛktli. mɔˈroʊvər, ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ə ˈsɛkənd bæʧ əv fjuəl rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ðə ˌrɛfərˈmeɪʃən əv ðə ˈtrænʒənt ˈpɑrtɪkəlz wɪθ ˈsɪmələr ənd ˈlaɪfˌtaɪmz ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ðə əv ðiz ˈsɪstəmz (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 6b*). ˈivɪn ˈæftər 15 ˈsaɪkəlz, ðə ˈpɑrtɪkəlz stɪl fɔrmd wɪθ ˈsɪmələr, ɔlˈbiɪt wɪθ ə ˈsəmˈwət ˈʃɔrtər ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm. ˈfɪgjər 4 ˈtrænʒənt fɔrmd baɪ. (ə) əv 10 wɪθ 10 ˈæftər 10 mɪn ʃoʊz ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv ɪn ðə ˈprɛzəns əv naɪl. ðə skeɪl bɑrz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt 25 ənd 1 fər ðə loʊər ənd haɪər ˌmægnəfəˈkeɪʃən, rɪˈspɛktɪvli. (bi) ˈskætərɪŋ ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti əˈgɛnst taɪm fər 10 wɪθ ˈvɛriɪŋ ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv fjuəl. (si) ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪmz əv ðə ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv ˌɪˈnɪʃəl fjuəl ɛz dɪˈtərmənd baɪ ənd ðə kɪˈnɛtɪk ˈmɑdəl. ðə tu ˈdɑtɪd laɪnz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðə ˈwɪndoʊ wɛr ˈpɑrtɪkəlz wər faʊnd. (di) əv 10 wɪθ 10 ˈæftər 10 mɪn ðət wər priˈpɛrd ɪn ðə ˈprɛzəns əv 250 naɪl rɛd waɪl wɑz ˈædɪd ˈæftər 5 mɪn. ðə rɛd (naɪl rɛd) ənd blu (pyrene*) ˈʧænəlz wər ˈoʊvərˌleɪd. skeɪl bɑr, 25 (loʊər ˌmægnəfəˈkeɪʃən); 1 (haɪər ˌmægnəfəˈkeɪʃən). (i) əv 10 wɪθ 10 ˈæftər 10 mɪn ðət wər priˈpɛrd ɪn ðə ˈprɛzəns əv 250 waɪl naɪl rɛd wɑz ˈædɪd ˈæftər 5 mɪn. ðə rɛd (naɪl rɛd) ənd blu (pyrene*) ˈʧænəlz wər ˈoʊvərˌleɪd. ðə skeɪl bɑrz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt 25 ənd 1 fər ðə loʊər ənd haɪər ˌmægnəfəˈkeɪʃən, rɪˈspɛktɪvli. (ɛf) riˈlis ˈproʊˌfaɪlz əv (blu ˈmɑrkərz) ənd naɪl rɛd (rɛd ˈmɑrkərz) əv ðə ˈpɑrtɪkəl dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn di. ˈdætə kəˈlɛkʃən wɑz ˈstɑrtɪd 10 mɪn ˈæftər əˈdɪʃən əv. ɔl ˈɛrər bɑrz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə s.d*. fʊl saɪz ˈɪmɪʤ fər, ðə əˈsɛmbli ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈdræstɪkli əˈfɛktɪd ðə ænˈhaɪdrɪd haɪˈdrɑləsəs kəˈnɛtɪks. wɪn smɔl ˈbæʧɪz əv fjuəl wər əˈplaɪd, fər ˈɪnstəns bɪˈloʊ 5, noʊ əˈsɛmbliz wər fɔrmd. ɪn ðə ˈæbsəns əv əˈsɛmbliz, haɪˈdrɑləsəs wɑz fərst ˈɔrdər ɪn ænˈhaɪdrɪd ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn ðə ˈprɛzəns əv əˈsɛmbliz, haɪˈdrɑləsəs ˈfɑloʊd ˈɔrdər kəˈnɛtɪks wɪθ ə reɪt ˈkɑnstənt əv ɛm ˈdræstɪkli sloʊɪŋ daʊn ðə haɪˈdrɑləsəs əˈpɑn. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə əˈsɛmbli əv ðə ænˈhaɪdrɪd ˈɪntu həz ə ˈnɛgətɪv ˈfidˌbæk ɔn ɪts oʊn haɪˈdrɑləsəs. bɪˈkəz ðə ænˈhaɪdrɪd əˈsɛmbəlz ˈɪntu lɑrʤ ˈdrɪvən baɪ kəˈlæps, ðeɪ ˈlaɪkli ʃild ðə ænˈhaɪdrɪd frəm ˈwɔtər, ˈifɛktɪvli ɪkˈskludɪŋ ɪt frəm ðə ˈkɛmɪkəl riˈækʃən ˈnɛtˌwərk. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ænˈhaɪdrɪd haɪˈdrɑləsəs ˈmoʊstli ˈhæpənz ɔn fri ænˈhaɪdrɪd ɪn səˈluʃən ənd ɪz ðəs ˈlɪmɪtɪd baɪ ɪts. ðə pul əv ˈsɑljəbəl ænˈhaɪdrɪd ɪz riˈplɛnɪʃt baɪ ðə ˈpɑrtɪkəlz ənˈtɪl ɔl ˈpɑrtɪkəlz hæv ˌdɪsəˈsɛmbəld. ðɪs ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˌɪmˈplaɪz ðət ˈpɑrtɪkəlz ʃʊd fərst kəˈlɛktɪvli groʊ ənˈtɪl ðə ˈsɪstəm rənz aʊt əv fjuəl ənd ðɛn kəˈlɛktɪvli ʃrɪŋk baɪ ˈsərfəs ɪˈroʊʒən, ðət ɪz, ˌdɛgrəˈdeɪʃən frəm ðə ˈsərfəs ðət ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd baɪ ðə əv ðə ænˈhaɪdrɪd. səʧ ə ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm ˈkɑntræsts ə daɪˈnæmɪk ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm wɛr ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈpɑrtɪkəlz groʊ waɪl ˈəðərz kəˈlæps. tɪ kənˈfərm ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm, wi priˈpɛrd ˈpɑrtɪkəlz ɪn ðə ˈprɛzəns əv 250 naɪl rɛd. ˈæftər 5 mɪn, əv ðə daɪ wɑz ˈædɪd, ənd ðə ˈpɑrtɪkəlz wər ˈæftər 10 mɪn (fɪg. 4d*). waɪl naɪl rɛd hæd ˈmoʊstli ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ˈɪntu ðə kɔr əv ðə ˈpɑrtɪkəlz, wɑz praɪˈmɛrəli faʊnd ɪn ðɛr ʃɛl. wɪn ðə əˈdɪʃən əv daɪz wɑz ˈkɛrid aʊt ɪn ðə ˈɑpəzɪt ˈɔrdər, ðə kɔrz hæd ɛnˈkæpsəˌleɪtɪd, waɪl ðə ʃɛl wɑz ɪˈmɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə naɪl rɛd ˈʧænəl (fɪg. 4e*). ɪn ˈkɑntræst, wɪn boʊθ daɪz wər ˈprɛzənt frəm ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə ˈsaɪkəl, ˈpɑrtɪkəlz wər faʊnd ðət hæd ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd boʊθ daɪz (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 6d*). ðiz ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz kənˈfərm ðə ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm əv səkˈwɛnʃəl groʊθ ənd kəˈlæps stɛps. ɪt ɪz wərθ tɪ noʊt ðət ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈəðər tu fjuəlz ənd dɪk) wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌɪnˈdus ðə fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv wɪn ˈædɪd tɪ səˈluʃənz əv (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 6d,e*). wi juzd ðə ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm əv səkˈwɛnʃəl groʊθ ənd kəˈlæps tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ˈpɑrtɪkəlz ðət kən riˈlis ˈeɪʤənts səkˈwɛnʃəli. ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd əˈbəv, wi priˈpɛrd ˈpɑrtɪkəlz wɪθ naɪl rɛd ɪn ðɛr ˌɪnˈtɪriər ənd ə ʃɛl wɪθ ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ˈɪntu ɪt. ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˌflʊˈrɛsəns spectrophotometer*, ðə riˈlis əv boʊθ daɪz frəm ðə ˈpɑrtɪkəlz ˈɪntu səˈluʃən wɑz ˈmɛʒərd. frəm ðə riˈlis ˈproʊˌfaɪlz (fɪg. 4f*) ɪt kən bi əbˈzərvd ðət riˈlis kəˈmɛnsəz ˈæftər 30 mɪn ɪn ðə ˈsaɪkəl, ənd moʊst daɪ həz bɪn riˈlist ˈæftər 40 mɪn. ɪn ˈkɑntræst, naɪl rɛd wɑz ˈoʊnli riˈlist ˈæftər 50 mɪn. mɔˈroʊvər, wɪn ðə daɪz hæd ɪn ðɛr ˌɪnˈtɪriər ənd naɪl rɛd ɪn ðɛr ʃɛl, ən ˈɑpəzɪt riˈlis ˈpætərn wɑz faʊnd (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 6f*). wɪθ ə prɪˈdɪktəbəl ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm wɪn 100 wɑz ˈædɪd tɪ səˈluʃənz əv ˈiðər 10 ər, iʧ əv ðɛm ˈræpədli tərnd ˈɪntu ʤɛlz. fɔrmd wik ʤɛlz ðət dɪd nɑt pæs ðə ˌɪnˈvərtɪd tub tɛst (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 7a*). ˈkruʃəli, ðə ʤɛlz kəˈlæpst wɪˈθɪn ən aʊər. wi kənˈfərmd ðiz ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz baɪ macrorheology*, ənd faʊnd ðət boʊθ priˈkərsərz fɔrmd ʤɛlz (g′>g″*″) ɪf æt list 50 wɑz ˈædɪd (fɪg. 5a*; ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 7b,c*). ðə ˈmæksəməm ʤɛl ˌiˌlæˈstɪsəti fər wɪθ 100 əv fjuəl wɑz əbˈteɪnd ˈæftər 4 mɪn ənd wɑz ɪn ðə reɪnʤ əv pɑ, waɪl ðə ˈmæksəməm ˌiˌlæˈstɪsəti əbˈteɪnd fər wɑz bɪtˈwin 40 ənd 100 pɑ ənd əbˈzərvd ˈæftər 10 mɪn. ðɛn, ðə ʤɛl ˈstɪfnəs ˈdiˌkrist ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ə səˈluʃən wɑz faʊnd (g″>g′*′). fər 100 əv fjuəl, ðɪs pɔɪnt əˈkərd æt ənd mɪn fər ənd, rɪˈspɛktɪvli (fɪg. 5c*). əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ɑr kɪˈnɛtɪk ˈmɑdəl, ðə ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv ænˈhaɪdrɪd æt ðiz taɪmz ɪz ənd 180 fər ənd, rɪˈspɛktɪvli. ðiz ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz wər ðɛn juzd tɪ prɪˈdɪkt ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪmz əv ɑr ʤɛlz fər ˈəðər ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz əv fjuəlz (fɪg. 5c*). tɪ ɑr səˈpraɪz, wɛˈræz ðə priˈdɪkʃən meɪd baɪ ðə ˈmɑdəl simd tɪ əˈgri fər loʊər ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz əv fjuəl, ɪt ˈdiviˌeɪtɪd fɑr frəm ðə riˈɔləʤi ˈdætə fər haɪər ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz əv fjuəl. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, fər 200 əv ˈædɪd tɪ, ðə ænˈhaɪdrɪd ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən fɔlz bɪˈloʊ 180 ˈæftər 80 mɪn waɪl ðə ʤɛl səˈsteɪnd fər ˈrəfli 2 eɪʧ. ˌɔlˈðoʊ boʊθ ðə ɪkˌspɛrəˈmɛntəli dɪˈtərmənd ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əv ðə ʤɛl ənd ðə ˈkrɔsɪŋ θru ðə θˈrɛˌʃoʊld ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv ænˈhaɪdrɪd skeɪld ˈlɪniərli wɪθ ðə əˈmaʊnt əv fjuəl ˈædɪd, ðɛr sloʊps wər nɑt ˈikwəl (fɪg. 5c*). ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, wi kən prɪˈdɪkt ənd tun ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪmz əv ðə ˈtrænʒənt ʤɛlz ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm 18 tɪ 152 mɪn fər 50 tɪ 300 əv fjuəl, bət ðə ˈmoʊmənt ðə ʤɛl bɪˈkəmz ə ˈlɪkwɪd dɪz nɑt ˌkɔrəˈspɑnd tɪ wən ˈkrɪtɪkəl θˈrɛˌʃoʊld ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv ænˈhaɪdrɪd. ðiz ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz kʊd bi ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd baɪ ðə ˈkɑmplɛks bɪˈheɪvjər əv ðət nɑt ˈoʊnli rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ðə ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɔn ðə taɪp ənd ˈnəmbər əv crosslinks*, ənd ðə lɛŋθ ənd məˈkænɪkəl ˈprɑpərtiz əv ðə ɪt tɪ tɛst ðə əv ɑr fjuəl ˈdrɪvən, ə ˈsɛkənd bæʧ əv fjuəl wɑz ˈædɪd tɪ ðə səˈluʃən ˈæftər ðə ˈsaɪkəl hæd ˈfɪnɪʃt. ˈsɪmələr ʤɛl ənd ˈlaɪfˌtaɪmz wər faʊnd fər ðə fərst fɔr ˈsaɪkəlz ˈdrɪvən baɪ 50 əv fjuəl (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 7d*). ˈfɪgjər 5 ˈtɛmpərˌɛri fɔrmd baɪ. (a,b*) taɪm swips əv ʤɛlz fɔrmd baɪ 10 ənd, ər ənd priˈkərsər kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ 100. ˈsɑləd laɪn ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə ˈstɔrɪʤ (g′*′), dæʃt laɪn ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə lɔs (g″*″). (si) ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪmz əv ðə ʤɛlz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ə, ɛz ˈmɛʒərd baɪ riˈɔləʤi (ˈmɑrkərz) ər ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd baɪ ðə kɪˈnɛtɪk ˈmɑdəl (ˈsɑləd laɪnz). ˈɛrər bɑrz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə s.d*. (d–g*) maɪˈkrəskəpi əv 100 kəmˈbaɪnd wɪθ 10,, ənd ˈæftər 10 mɪn. skeɪl bɑr, 10. fʊl saɪz ˈɪmɪʤ fər boʊθ priˈkərsərz, maɪˈkrəskəpi ʃoʊd noʊ əˈsɛmbliz ˌbiˈfɔr əˈdɪʃən əv fjuəl (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 8a,c*), waɪl əˈdɪʃən əv 100 əv fjuəl ˈræpədli ˌɪnˈdust ðə ˈtrænʒənt fɔrˈmeɪʃən əv əˈsɛmbliz (fɪg. 5d,f*; ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 8a,c*). wɪθ ðɪs əˈmaʊnt əv fjuəl, wi faʊnd ə ˈrɛlətɪvli dɛns ˈnɛtˌwərk əv fər boʊθ gelators*. ˈkruʃəli, ɔl əv ðə ˈsɪriz hæd kəmˈplitli ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd ˈæftər 4 eɪʧ (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 8a,c*). wi ˈfɑloʊd ðə ʤɛl fɔrˈmeɪʃən wɪθ ˈsərkjələr spɛkˈtrɑskəpi æt 305, wɛr ðə ˈsɪgnəl əv ðə ɪz ˈtɪpɪkəli ˌbiˈfɔr ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈsaɪkəl, wi faʊnd ə smɔl ˈpɑzətɪv ˈsɪgnəl æt 305 fər ðə priˈkərsərz (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 9a*). ˈæftər əˈdɪʃən əv fjuəl, ðə ˈsɪgnəl ˈræpədli gru, bət, ˈoʊvər taɪm, rɪˈtərnd tɪ ɪts ərˈɪʤənəl ˈvælju ˈpɔɪntɪŋ tɪ fʊl ˈæftər ˈrəfli 80 ənd 200 mɪn fər ənd, rɪˈspɛktɪvli. wi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfɑloʊd ðə ɪˈmɪʃən ˈoʊvər taɪm ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈsaɪkəl ɛz ə dɪˈrɛkt ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən fər ˈoʊvərˌlæp bɪtˈwin ðə (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 9c–e*). ˌbiˈfɔr ˈstɑrtɪŋ ðə ˈsaɪkəl, ə ˈrɛlətɪvli ʃɑrp pik æt 318 wɑz faʊnd, ˌɪnˈdɪkətɪv fər ðət ər nɑt ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. əˈpɑn əˈdɪʃən əv fjuəl, ðə 318 ˈsɪgnəl ˈræpədli ˈdiˌkrist, waɪl ə brɔd pik æt 460 əˈpɪrd. boʊθ ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz pɔɪnt tɪ ˈstækɪŋ əv ðə ˈoʊvər taɪm ðə 318 pik gru bæk tɪ ɪts ərˈɪʤənəl ˈlɛvəl, waɪl ðə 460 pik ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd, ˈpɔɪntɪŋ tɪ lɔs əv ðə ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. kɪˈnɛtɪk ˈtræpɪŋ əv əˈsɛmblərz ˈviə ˈdɪsəˌpeɪtɪv ˈpæθˌweɪz wɪn 100 əv wɑz ˈædɪd tɪ səˈluʃənz əv ər, iʧ əv ðɛm ˈræpədli tərnd ˈɪntu ʤɛlz (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 7a*). tɪ ɑr səˈpraɪz, ðiz ʤɛlz dɪd nɑt rɪˈvərt tɪ ðɛr ərˈɪʤənəl səˈluʃənz, ˈivɪn ˈæftər 4 eɪʧ wɪn noʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əˈmaʊnts əv ænˈhaɪdrɪd wər ˈprɛzənt əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ɑr ˈmɑdəl ər. ðiz səˈpraɪzɪŋ ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz wər kənˈfərmd baɪ riˈɔləʤi ðət ʃoʊd ə ˈdiˌkris ɪn ɛz ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ænˈhaɪdrɪd ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən ˈdiˌkrist tɪ ˈziroʊ, bət ˈnɛvər ə fʊl rɪˈkəvəri tɪ ə ˈlɪkwɪd steɪt (fɪg. 5b*). ðə læk əv rɪˈkəvəri wɑz nɑt ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə əˈkjumjəˌleɪtɪŋ weɪst (ˈɛdju), ɛz əˈdɪʃən əv 100 ər mɔr ˈɛdju tɪ səˈluʃənz əv priˈkərsər dɪd nɑt ʧeɪnʤ ðɛr bɪˈheɪvjər (ˈdætə nɑt ʃoʊn). maɪˈkrəskəpi ɔn ðə ˈsɪstəmz ʃoʊd noʊ əˈsɛmbliz ˌbiˈfɔr, ənd dɛns ˈnɛtˌwərks əv ˈæftər əˈdɪʃən əv fjuəl (fɪg. 5e,g*; ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. ənd di). ɪn ˈkɑntræst tɪ ðə ˈsɪriz, ðə dɪd nɑt ˌdɪsəˈpɪr, ˈivɪn ˈæftər 24 eɪʧ. ðə ˈlɔŋgər ˈprɛzəns əv ðiz əˈlaʊd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈstədi ðɛm wɪθ ˌɪˈlɛktrɑn maɪˈkrəskəpi (tem*), wɪʧ kənˈfərmd ðə ˈprɛzəns əv fər boʊθ ənd, wɪθ əv ənd, rɪˈspɛktɪvli. ˈfaɪnəli, ˈsərkjələr ʃoʊd ə smɔl pik æt 305 ˌbiˈfɔr ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈkɛmɪkəl riˈækʃən ˈnɛtˌwərk ðət ˈdiˌkrist tɪ ˈnɛgətɪv ˈvæljuz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsaɪkəl. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈnɛgətɪv ˈsɪgnəl ˈdiˌkrist ɪn ˈmægnəˌtud ɛz ðə ˈsɪstəm hæd rən aʊt əv fjuəl, ɪt ˈnɛvər rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðə smɔl pik faʊnd ˌbiˈfɔr ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈsaɪkəl. ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈspɛktrəm, ɛz əbˈzərvd ˌbiˈfɔr fjuəl əˈdɪʃən, kʊd ˈoʊnli bi riˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ˈhitɪŋ ðə ˈsæmpəl tɪ 80 dɪˈgriz ənd ˈsəbsəkwəntli ˈkulɪŋ ɪt daʊn tɪ rum ˈtɛmpərəʧər (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 9a*). wi kən kənˈklud ðət ɔl ðə ˈstədid ɪn ðɪs wərk əˈsɛmbəld ˈɪntu ɪn ðɛr ænˈhaɪdrɪd steɪt ðət ˈsəbsəkwəntli fɔrmd ʤɛlz. ðə əˈsɛmbli ˈɪntu wɑz ˈdrɪvən baɪ fɔrˈmeɪʃən bɪtˈwin ˈmɑləˌkjulz ɛz ˈɛvɪdənst baɪ ə (tht*) ˈæsi, ənd ˈoʊvərˌlæp bɪtˈwin ðə ɛz ˈɛvɪdənst baɪ (ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri fɪg. 9 fər ðə ˈsɪriz, ɛz ðə ˈsɪstəm wɑz ˈrənɪŋ aʊt əv fjuəl, ðə ˈhaɪdrəˌlaɪzd bɪˈkeɪm ənˈsteɪbəl wɪʧ rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn fʊl əv ðə ənd ə trænˈzɪʃən tɪ ə ˈlɪkwɪd. ˈwɛðər ðə lɛft ðə ˌɪnstənˈtæniəsli, ər ə əv pjʊr ænˈhaɪdrɪd ənd priˈkərsərz kʊd ɪgˈzɪst ɪz nɑt klɪr æt ðɪs ˈmoʊmənt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt ɪz ˈɛvədənt ðət wɪn ɔl ænˈhaɪdrɪd hæd ˈhaɪdrəˌlaɪzd, ɔl hæd ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd. ðəs, wi kənˈklud ðət kəmˈpraɪzɪŋ ɪkˈsklusɪvli ər kʊd nɑt ɪgˈzɪst. ɪn ˈkɑntræst, wɪn ɔl ər ænˈhaɪdrɪd hæd təˈwɔrdz ðɛr ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ, wər stɪl əbˈzərvd. ðiz ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz ˌɪmˈplaɪ ðət haɪˈdrɑləsəs təˈwɔrdz ðə dɪd nɑt ˌɪnˈdus (fʊl) ənd kəmˈpraɪzɪŋ ɪkˈsklusɪvli ðə kʊd ɪgˈzɪst fər ðə ˈsɪriz. ˈoʊnli ˈhitɪŋ ənd ˈkulɪŋ ðə ˈsæmpəl rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn fʊl əv ðə, wɪʧ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts ðət ðə' ˈmɪnəməm ɪz ə ˌdɪsəˈsɛmbəld steɪt. frəm ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl rɪˈzəlts, wi kənˈklud ðət ðə ˈdɪsəˌpeɪtɪv ˈsaɪkəl, ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd baɪ əˈdɪʃən əv fjuəl, træpt ðə ˈɪntu baɪ ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli kənˈvərtɪŋ ðɛm ˈɪntu ðɛr ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ. ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv səʧ ə træpt steɪt ˌɪmˈplaɪz ðət ðə ˈmɑləˌkjulz dɪd nɑt hæv səˈfɪʃənt fri ˈɛnərʤi tɪ breɪk aʊt əv ðə, bət kən ˈoʊnli bi brɔt tɪ ðɛr ˈmɪnəməm baɪ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv hit. ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ træp, bət nɑt, ˈlaɪkli həz tɪ du wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈkrist ˈfɔrmɪŋ prəˈpɛnsɪti əv vi ˈvərsəz ˈtræpɪŋ ˈmɑləˌkjulz ɪn baɪ fɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ɪz ˈfrikwɛntli əbˈzərvd fər əˈsɛmbliz ɪn, ər kloʊz tɪ, bət ər rɛr ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv ˈkɛmɪkli ˈdrɪvən ɑr ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðət ðə ˈbæləns bɪtˈwin əˈsɛmbli ənd ɪz ˈkruʃəl ɪn ðə dɪˈzaɪn əv əˈsɛmblərz fər məˈtɪriəlz ˈdrɪvən baɪ ˈkɛmɪkəl riˈækʃənz; wɪn ðə ˈdraɪvɪŋ fɔrs fər əˈsɛmbli ɪz tu wik, noʊ əˈsɛmbli wɪl teɪk pleɪs, bət ɪn ˈkɑntræst, wɪn ðə ˈdraɪvɪŋ fɔrs ɪz tu strɔŋ, əˈsɛmbliz kən bi træpt ɪn steɪts.
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characterization of the chemical reaction network
the chemical reaction network we describe takes place in buffered water at ph 6 at room temperature and consists of a dicarboxylate (precursor) that is converted into an anhydride (product) by consumption of a carbodiimide (fuel; fig. 1a). the aqueous anhydride product is unstable and rapidly hydrolyses back to the corresponding dicarboxylate. while the dicarboxylate precursor carries two negative charges under the described conditions, the anhydride product is uncharged. we used this hydrophobization, driven by our chemical reaction network, to decrease the solubility of the precursor and thus induce self-assembly. we explored precursors based on aspartate (d) and glutamate (e) because their corresponding cyclic anhydrides were formed with high relative yields. moreover, being natural amino acids, these precursors were commercially available in numerous variations or could be incorporated in peptide-based supramolecular materials. we tested three fuels and six precursors (fig. 1b,c). the precursors all bear a relatively large hydrophobic protecting group (fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl, fmoc) that aids assembly driven by π-orbital overlap and hydrophobic collapse. indeed, we found that the anhydrides of fmoc-d and fmoc-e assembled in spherulites and colloids, respectively (vide infra). we introduced the amino acids alanine and valine (a and v, respectively) with a high propensity to form β-sheets with neighboring peptides to increase thesotropy of the assemblies. indeed, we found that the anhydrides of fmoc-aad, fmoc-avd, fmoc-aae and fmoc-ave assembled intosotropic fibres (vide infra).
figure 1: transient anhydride formation by carbodiimide fuels. (a) scheme of the chemical reaction network for the fuel driven formation of a transient anhydride bond. (b) molecular structures of the dicarboxylates precursors used in this study. (c) molecular structures of the fuels used in this study. full size image
by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, the evolution of the concentration of fuel, precursor and product was followed. in all experiments, a batch of carbodiimide fuel was added to a buffered solution of 10 mm precursor. at a concentration of 10 mm, we did not find any evidence of assemblies for any of the precursors (supplementary fig. 1a,b). we monitored the ph during a cycle to confirm that under these conditions the buffer has sufficient capacity (supplementary fig. 1c). the highest anhydride yields were found for the fuel based on ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (edc) as it was relatively stable in our buffer (supplementary fig. 1d), yet reactive towards our precursors. although the other carbodiimide fuels also formed anhydrides and were able to induce self-assembly (vide infra), their yields were drastically lower (supplementary fig. 1e). we therefore focused most of our studies on edc. each precursor-edc combination resulted in the transient formation of the anhydride product with a cycle time in the range of tens of minutes to several hours (fig. 2; supplementary figs 2–4). it was found that the chemical reaction networks that used derivatives based on glutamic acid (e) as a precursor were prone to the unwanted n-acylisourea formation as a side reaction, a reaction which yields a stable product of the carbodiimide attached to the precursor. the yields of this unwanted side reaction were not >2% as expressed in amount of fuel added (supplementary note 1; supplementary table 4), and it is unlikely that these concentrations affect material properties.
figure 2: evolution of anhydride concentrations through fuel driven cycles calculated by kinetic models. (a–f) 3d plots of the anhydride concentration against time in a dissipative cycle for different initial edc concentrations for fmoc-d, fmoc-aad, fmoc-avd, fmoc-e, fmoc-aae and fmoc-ave. the black markers represent the calculated concentration using the kinetic model, the planes represent interpolations between the model data. note the different x (time) and y (fuel) axis for a,d compared to the fmoc-aa and fmoc-av series. the insets show a 2d graph of the concentration anhydride against time for one batch of fuel (10 or 50 mm) as determined by hplc (markers) and the kinetic model (solid line). full size image
a kinetic model was used to describe all relevant reactions in our chemical reaction networks (supplementary note 2). these reactions are the direct hydrolysis of edc, the formation of o-acylisourea by reaction of fuel with precursor, the conversion of the o-acylisourea to the anhydride, the direct hydrolysis of the o-acylisourea to the original precursor, and the hydrolysis of the anhydride to the precursor. the rate-determining step in the anhydride formation was the formation of the o-acylisourea. this reaction had a second-order rate constant which was in the same order of magnitude for each dicarboxylate we tested (supplementary table 1). in contrast, the first-order rate constant for anhydride hydrolysis differed up to two orders of magnitude, ranging from 3.8 × 10−2 s−1 for fmoc-avd to 3.8 × 10−4 s−1 for fmoc-d corresponding to an anhydride half-life of 0.3 and 30 min, respectively (supplementary table 1). for all precursors except fmoc-e and fmoc-d, the model was straightforward and the rate constants for the above-mentioned reactions were sufficient to fit our data, whether assemblies were present or not (supplementary figs 2–4). to our surprise, for fmoc-e and fmoc-d, the anhydride hydrolysis rate constant was found to be significantly lower in the presence of assemblies. in effect, the large three dimensional assemblies that these products formed exerted negative feedback on their own hydrolysis rate by protecting the anhydrides from water, thereby increasing the lifetime of the materials (vide infra). the feedback was implemented into the kinetic model by introducing a second k-value for hydrolysis above a threshold concentration. this threshold concentration was determined such that the model fitted the hplc data best (see supplementary note 2 for a discussion on the feedback and threshold concentration). using our kinetic models, the evolution of the relevant chemical species through the cycle could be calculated for each precursor (fig. 2).
characterization of self-erasing inks
we found that application of 10 mm edc as a fuel to a solution of 10 mm fmoc-d turned the clear solution into a turbid one, pointing to assemblies formed by the fmoc-d anhydride with sizes of at least hundreds of nanometers. the assembly process can be explained by the conversion of the two negatively charged carboxylates into a relatively hydrophobic anhydride. the hydrophobization renders the molecules insoluble and induces self-assembly, likely driven by π-orbital overlap and hydrophobic collapse. confocal microscopy images of these samples revealed the presence of spherulites with diameters of tens of micrometres 10 min after fuel addition (fig. 3a). the turbid solutions turned transparent over time and a lack of assemblies was verified by confocal microscopy (supplementary fig. 5a–c). the transient turbidity was quantified by uv/vis spectroscopy and we found that the greater the batch of fuel, the longer the solutions remained turbid (fig. 3b). an arbitrary threshold of 0.1 absorbance units was chosen to define the turbidity of the samples. we found that 10 mm of fuel kept the samples turbid for 132±5 min corresponding to a threshold concentration of 0.3±0.1 mm of fmoc-d anhydride according to the introduced kinetic model. this threshold concentration was used to calculate the lifetime of turbid solutions for other initial fuel concentrations. indeed, the calculations corresponded well to the experimentally determined lifetimes of turbidity and our active solutions could be kept turbid for 87 to 164±5 min for 5 to 20 mm of edc (fig. 3c). finally, the reusability of our system was tested by adding 5 mm of edc as fuel and measuring the turbidity for 100 min for five cycles. no significant differences between the cycles were observed (supplementary fig. 5d).
figure 3: self-erasing inks with a tunable lifetime formed by fmoc-d. (a) confocal micrographs of a solution of 10 mm fmoc-d anhydride 10 min after addition of 10 mm edc in the presence of 2.5 μm nile red (scale bars represent 10 μm). (b) absorbance at 600 nm as a measure for turbidity for solutions of 10 mm fmoc-d against time after addition of a batch of fuel. the dotted black line represents the selected threshold of 0.1 absorbance units. (c) the lifetime of the turbidity of the samples as determined by data from b (markers) and calculated by the kinetic model (solid lines) against initial fuel concentration. error bars represent the s.d. (n=3). (d) schematic representation of self-erasing medium. fmoc-d is dissolved in a 30% polyacrylamide hydrogel. only where fuel is applied turbidity appears. (e) photographs of gels over time. the polyacrylamide gels were placed on a black surface and side-lit with white light to improve contrast. after 600 min, no evidence of the original image was found and the material was rinsed and reused (scale bar represents 1 cm). (f) average grey values of photographs of inked areas over time. full size image
we sought out the applicability of our the fmoc-d solutions with transient turbidity as a carrier for temporary messages with a tunable lifetime, that is, as a self-erasing medium (fig. 3d). dynamic self-assembled structures have been demonstrated before in the context of self-erasing ink using nanoparticle self-assembly driven by light, which makes tuning the lifetime by amount of energy applied challenging19. we immobilized 10 mm fmoc-d in a polyacrylamide polymer hydrogel and applied high concentrations of fuel as ink with a spray coater through a three-dimensional (3d) printed mask. the transparent gels rapidly turned turbid, but only where the fuel had been applied. over time the messages auto-erased allowing the reuse of the message carrier. different edc concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 2 m were used as ink and all concentrations showed the messages (supplementary fig. 5e–h). using time-lapse photography and image analysis software, we quantified the visibility over time. the initial visibility increased with increasing concentration of fuel, but this trend did not hold beyond 1 m of fuel. at this moment, it is not clear why this trend fails at high fuel concentrations. the visibility of the prints decreased over time and was fully erased after roughly 10 h. crucially, the lifetimes of the visible prints could be tuned from roughly 200 to 500 min by altering the concentration of fuel (fig. 3f).
colloids with a tunable lifetime
next, we studied the behaviour of fmoc-e in response to fuel. while 10 mm of this precursor yielded clear solutions, application of 5 mm or more edc formed transient turbid solutions. confocal microscopy showed, to our surprise, uniform colloids 10 min after application of the fuel (fig. 4a). dynamic light scattering (dls) confirmed the transient presence of particles and showed that their radii initially rapidly grew to a plateau value of 0.6 μm. after the plateau, the particles decreased their size until all had disappeared (fig. 4b; supplementary fig. 6a). this plateau value was independent of the amount of fuel added. above 20 mm of edc, the particles precipitated, while below 5 mm edc no particles were found. within this window of fuel concentrations, particles were transiently present. the dls scattering intensity data was used to find the time where no more particles were found. for instance, in the case of 10 mm of fuel, the scattering intensity reached its original level after 53±2 min, corresponding to an fmoc-e anhydride concentration of 0.07±0.02 mm according to the model. this threshold concentration was used in combination with the kinetic model to predict the lifetime of the particles for other initial fuel concentrations. with the model, we found that the lifetime increased linearly from 20 to 120 min for 5 to 20 mm of edc, and dls verified that the model predicted these lifetimes correctly. moreover, application of a second batch of fuel resulted in the reformation of the transient particles with similar radii and lifetimes demonstrating the reusability of these systems (supplementary fig. 6b). even after 15 cycles, the particles still transiently formed with similar radii, albeit with a somewhat shorter lifetime.
figure 4: transient colloids formed by fmoc-e. (a) confocal micrographs of 10 mm fmoc-e with 10 mm edc after 10 min shows the formation of colloids in the presence of 2.5 μm nile. the scale bars represent 25 μm and 1 μm for the lower and higher magnification, respectively. (b) dls scattering intensity against time for 10 mm fmoc-e with varying concentration of fuel. (c) the lifetimes of the colloids as a function of concentration of initial fuel as determined by dls and the kinetic model. the two dotted lines indicate the window where particles were found. (d) micrographs of 10 mm fmoc-e with 10 mm edc after 10 min that were prepared in the presence of 250 nm nile red while 2.5 μm pyrene was added after 5 min. the red (nile red) and blue (pyrene) channels were overlaid. scale bar, 25 (lower magnification); 1 μm (higher magnification). (e) micrographs of 10 mm fmoc-e with 10 mm edc after 10 min that were prepared in the presence of 250 nm pyrene while 2.5 μm nile red was added after 5 min. the red (nile red) and blue (pyrene) channels were overlaid. the scale bars represent 25 μm and 1 μm for the lower and higher magnification, respectively. (f) release profiles of pyrene (blue markers) and nile red (red markers) of the particle described in d. data collection was started 10 min after addition of edc. all error bars represent the s.d. (n=2). full size image
for fmoc-e, the assembly process drastically affected the anhydride hydrolysis kinetics. when small batches of fuel were applied, for instance below 5 mm, no assemblies were formed. in the absence of assemblies, hydrolysis was first order in anhydride concentration. however, in the presence of assemblies, hydrolysis followed 0th order kinetics with a rate constant of 1.5 × 10−6 m s−1, drastically slowing down the hydrolysis upon self-assembly. in other words, the assembly of the fmoc-e anhydride into colloids has a negative feedback on its own hydrolysis. because the fmoc-e anhydride assembles into large colloids driven by hydrophobic collapse, they likely shield the anhydride from water, effectively excluding it from the chemical reaction network. as a result, anhydride hydrolysis mostly happens on free anhydride in solution and is thus limited by its solubility. the pool of soluble anhydride is replenished by the particles until all particles have disassembled. this finding implies that particles should first collectively grow until the system runs out of fuel and then collectively shrink by surface erosion, that is, degradation from the particle’s surface that is limited by the solubility of the anhydride. such a mechanism contrasts a dynamic mechanism where individual particles grow while others collapse. to confirm the proposed mechanism, we prepared particles in the presence of 250 nm nile red. after 5 min, 2.5 μm of the hydrophobic dye pyrene was added, and the particles were imaged after 10 min (fig. 4d). while nile red had mostly incorporated into the core of the particles, pyrene was primarily found in their shell. when the addition of dyes was carried out in the opposite order, the cores had encapsulated pyrene, while the shell was emitting in the nile red channel (fig. 4e). in contrast, when both dyes were present from the beginning of the cycle, particles were found that had incorporated both dyes homogenously (supplementary fig. 6d). these observations confirm the above-proposed mechanism of sequential growth and collapse steps. it is worth to note that also the other two fuels (cmc and dic) were able to induce the formation of colloids when added to solutions of fmoc-e (supplementary fig. 6d,e).
we used the mechanism of sequential growth and collapse to develop particles that can release hydrophobic agents sequentially. as described above, we prepared particles with nile red in their interior and a shell with pyrene incorporated into it. using a fluorescence spectrophotometer, the release of both dyes from the particles into solution was measured. from the release profiles (fig. 4f) it can be observed that pyrene release commences after 30 min in the cycle, and most dye has been released after 40 min. in contrast, nile red was only released after 50 min. moreover, when the dyes had pyrene in their interior and nile red in their shell, an opposite release pattern was found (supplementary fig. 6f).
hydrogels with a predictable lifetime
when 100 mm edc was added to solutions of either 10 mm fmoc-aad or fmoc-aae, each of them rapidly turned into gels. fmoc-aad formed weak gels that did not pass the inverted tube test (supplementary fig. 7a). crucially, the gels collapsed within an hour. we confirmed these observations by macrorheology, and found that both precursors formed viscoelastic gels (g′>g″) if at least 50 mm edc was added (fig. 5a; supplementary fig. 7b,c). the maximum gel elasticity for fmoc-aad with 100 mm of fuel was obtained after 4 min and was in the range of 100–300 pa, while the maximum elasticity obtained for fmoc-aae was between 40 and 100 pa and observed after 10 min. then, the gel stiffness decreased and eventually a solution was found (g″>g′). for 100 mm of fuel, this point occurred at 37±1 and 59±2 min for fmoc-aad and fmoc-aae, respectively (fig. 5c). according to our kinetic model, the concentration of anhydride at these times is 100±50 and 180 ±80 μm for fmoc-aad and fmoc-aae, respectively. these concentrations were then used to predict the lifetimes of our gels for other initial concentrations of fuels (fig. 5c). to our surprise, whereas the prediction made by the model seemed to agree for lower concentrations of fuel, it deviated far from the rheology data for higher concentrations of fuel. for example, for 200 mm of edc added to fmoc-aae, the anhydride concentration falls below 180 μm after 80 min while the gel sustained for roughly 2 h. although both the experimentally determined lifetime of the gel and the crossing through the threshold concentration of anhydride scaled linearly with the amount of fuel added, their slopes were not equal (fig. 5c). in other words, we can predict and tune the lifetimes of the transient gels ranging from 18 to 152 min for 50 to 300 mm of fuel, but the moment the gel becomes a liquid does not correspond to one critical threshold concentration of anhydride. these observations could be justified by the complex behaviour of hydrogels that not only rely on the gelator concentration, but also on the type and number of crosslinks, and the length and mechanical properties of the fibres it comprises20. to test the reusability of our fuel driven hydrogels, a second batch of fuel was added to the solution after the cycle had finished. similar gel stiffnesses and lifetimes were found for the first four cycles driven by 50 mm of fuel (supplementary fig. 7d).
figure 5: temporary hydrogels formed by fmoc-tripeptides. (a,b) rheological time sweeps of gels formed by 10 mm fmoc-aad and fmoc-aae, or fmoc-avd and fmoc-ave precursor combined with 100 mm edc. solid line represents the storage modulus (g′), dashed line represents the loss modulus (g″). (c) the lifetimes of the gels described in a, as measured by rheology (markers) or calculated by the kinetic model (solid lines). error bars represent the s.d. (n=3). (d–g) confocal microscopy of 100 mm edc combined with 10 mm fmoc-aad, fmoc-avd, fmoc-aae and fmoc-ave after 10 min. scale bar, 10 μm. full size image
for both fmoc-aa precursors, confocal microscopy showed no assemblies before addition of fuel (supplementary fig. 8a,c), while addition of 100 mm of fuel rapidly induced the transient formation of fibrillar assemblies (fig. 5d,f; supplementary fig. 8a,c). with this amount of fuel, we found a relatively dense network of fibres for both gelators. crucially, all fibres of the fmoc-aa series had completely disappeared after 4 h (supplementary fig. 8a,c). we followed the gel formation with circular dichroism spectroscopy at 305 nm, where the signal of the fmoc-groups is typically recorded21. before initiating the cycle, we found a small positive signal at 305 nm for the fmoc-aa precursors (supplementary fig. 9a). after addition of fuel, the signal rapidly grew, but, over time, returned to its original value pointing to full disassembly after roughly 80 and 200 min for fmoc-aad and fmoc-aae, respectively. we also followed the fmoc-fluorescence emission over time during a cycle as a direct indication for π-orbital overlap between the fmoc-moieties (supplementary fig. 9c–e). before starting the cycle, a relatively sharp peak at 318 nm was found, indicative for fluorenyl-groups that are not engaged in π–π interactions. upon addition of fuel, the 318 nm signal rapidly decreased, while a broad peak at 460 nm appeared. both observations point to π–π stacking of the fmoc-groups11. over time the 318 nm peak grew back to its original level, while the 460 nm peak disappeared, pointing to loss of the π–π interactions.
kinetic trapping of assemblers via dissipative pathways
when 100 mm of edc was added to solutions of fmoc-avd or fmoc-ave, each of them rapidly turned into gels (supplementary fig. 7a). to our surprise, these gels did not revert to their original solutions, even after 4 h when no significant amounts of anhydride were present according to our model or hplc. these surprising observations were confirmed by rheology that showed a decrease in gel-stiffness as the overall anhydride concentration decreased to zero, but never a full recovery to a liquid state (fig. 5b). the lack of recovery was not a result of the accumulating waste (edu), as addition of 100 mm or more edu to solutions of precursor did not change their rheological behaviour (data not shown). confocal microscopy on the fmoc-av systems showed no assemblies before, and dense networks of fibres after addition of fuel (fig. 5e,g; supplementary fig. 8b and d). in contrast to the fmoc-aa series, the fibres did not disappear, even after 24 h. the longer presence of these fibres allowed us to study them with cryo-transmission electron microscopy (tem), which confirmed the presence of fibres for both fmoc-avd and fmoc-ave, with diameters of 6.9±0.6 and 4.8±0.6 nm, respectively. finally, circular dichroism showed a small peak at 305 nm before initiating the chemical reaction network that decreased to negative values during the cycle. although the negative signal decreased in magnitude as the system had run out of fuel, it never returned to the small peak found before initiating the cycle. the original spectrum, as observed before fuel addition, could only be regenerated by heating the sample to 80 degrees and subsequently cooling it down to room temperature (supplementary fig. 9a).
we can conclude that all the fmoc-tripeptides studied in this work assembled into fibres in their anhydride state that subsequently formed viscoelastic gels. the assembly into fibres was driven by β-sheet formation between molecules as evidenced by a thioflavin-t (tht) assay, and π-orbital overlap between the fmoc-groups as evidenced by fluorescence-spectroscopy (supplementary fig. 9). for the fmoc-aa series, as the system was running out of fuel, the hydrolyzed anhydrides fibres became unstable which resulted in full disassembly of the fibres and a transition to a liquid. whether the dicarboxylates left the fibres instantaneously, or a co-assembly of pure anhydride and precursors could exist is not clear at this moment. however, it is evident that when all anhydride had hydrolyzed, all fibres had disappeared. thus, we conclude that fibres comprising exclusively fmoc-aad or fmoc-aae dicarboxylates could not exist. in contrast, when all fmoc-ave or fmoc-avd anhydride had hydrolysed towards their corresponding carboxylates, fibres were still observed. these observations imply that hydrolysis towards the dicarboxylates did not induce (full) disassembly and fibres comprising exclusively the dicarboxylate could exist for the fmoc-av series. only heating and cooling the sample resulted in full disassembly of the dicarboxylate fibres, which demonstrates that the dicarboxylates' thermodynamic minimum is a disassembled state. from the overall results, we conclude that the dissipative cycle, initiated by addition of fuel, kinetically trapped the dicarboxylates into fibres by temporarily converting them into their corresponding anhydrides. the existence of such a kinetically trapped state implies that the molecules did not have sufficient free energy to break out of the fibres, but can only be brought to their thermodynamic minimum by application of heat. the ability to kinetically trap fmoc-av, but not fmoc-aa, likely has to do with the increased β-sheet forming propensity of v versus a22. kinetically trapping molecules in fibres by β-sheet formation and hydrophobic interactions is frequently observed for assemblies in, or close to, equilibrium23, but are rare in the context of chemically driven out-of-equilibrium cycles18. our observations demonstrate that the balance between assembly and disassembly is crucial in the design of assemblers for materials driven by chemical reactions; when the driving force for assembly is too weak, no assembly will take place, but in contrast, when the driving force is too strong, assemblies can be kinetically trapped in non-favourable states.
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steɪt bæŋk əv ˈɪndiə ˈʧɛrˌpərsən sɛd ðət ˈpipəl ər bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈkəmfərtəbəl ənd lɛs ˈpænɪk ˈstrɪkən kəmˈpɛrd tɪ læst fju deɪz ˈæftər ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɛnˈfɔrst ə ˈkrækˌdaʊn ɔn oʊld dɪˌnɔməˈneɪʃən noʊts əv 500 ənd tɪ ðə ˈsɪstəm. ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˈsteɪtɪd ðət həz soʊ fɑr ˈwɪtnəst trænˈzækʃənz əv əraʊnd 1, əv wɪʧ pərˈsɛnt kəmˈpraɪzd əv dɪˈpɑzəts waɪl stʊd æt wɪθˈdrɔəlz. ɔn biɪŋ æst wɛr ʃi ɪkˈspɛkts ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts tɪ fɔl ɪn ðə nɪr tərm, ˈænsərd ɪn əˈfərmətɪv, bət ˈkɔʃənd ðət ə ˈraɪzɪŋ əˈmaʊnt əv dɪˈpɑzəts ɪn ˈseɪvɪŋz əˈkaʊnt kʊd pʊʃ əp ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti fər ðə bæŋk. ˈɪndiəz ˈlɑrʤəst kəˈmərʃəl bæŋk ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðət ˈtoʊtəl əˈmaʊnt əv dɪˈpɑzəts hæv bɪn ˈkəmɪŋ daʊn ənd wɪθˈdrɔəlz ər goʊɪŋ əp. ˈʧɛrˌpərsən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ðə bæŋk wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ stɑrt dɪˈspɛnsɪŋ 50 ənd 20 noʊts ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ deɪz tɪ hɛlp ðə ˈpəblɪk. ðə ʧif ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ɪn ɔl əv ðɛr ˈbrænʧɪz ɪn ðə ˈsəðərn steɪts, ðə ˈwərˌkloʊd həz drɑpt tɪ ˈɔlˌmoʊst 50 pərˈsɛnt, wɪʧ ɪz ə ʃʊr saɪn ðət ˈpipəl ər əˈʃʊrd ðət ðeɪ wɪl rɪˈsiv ðə ˈməni æt ðɛr oʊn kənˈvinjəns. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪnkənˈvinjəns kɔzd tɪ ðə ˈmæsɪz wɪθ ˈrənɪŋ aʊt əv kæʃ sun, ˈædɪd ðət ər ˈɛmtiɪŋ aʊt fæst bɪˈkəz ɪt həz ə fɪkst speɪs fər noʊts əv 100 ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ðə dɪˈmɛnʃən əv ðə nu noʊts həz ʧeɪnʤd, ˈædɪŋ ðət ðə ˈhoʊldɪŋ kəˈpæsɪti ɪn ðə ˈeɪˌtiˈɛm ɪz kənˈfaɪnd. "bət wət teɪks moʊst taɪm ɪz ˈmænjuəl recalibration*. ə ˈpərsən həz tɪ kəm ənd ˈfɪzɪkəli æd ðə ˈməni wɪn ɪt rənz aʊt. wi hoʊp ənd ər traɪɪŋ ðət wi kən sɔrt əv ðɪs ˈprɑbləm baɪ ɛnd əv noʊˈvɛmbər. ənd ɪf ðə keɪɑs səbˈsaɪdz baɪ ðɛn, ðɛn wi wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ stɑrt dɪˈspɛnsɪŋ 20 50 ɪn ˈkəmɪŋ deɪz," ʃi sɛd. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt həz sɛt əp ə ˈspɛʃəl tæsk fɔrs ˈhɛdɪd baɪ ˈdɛpjəti ˈgəvərnər əv tɪ ˈɛkspɪˌdaɪt ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ðə tɪ meɪk ðɛm ˈfʊli ˈfəŋkʃənəl, wɪʧ wɪl wərk wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt bæŋks ɪn ðɪs dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. wɪθ ˈɪnˌpʊts ɪz naʊ ɔn. fər ðə ˈleɪtəst æˈnælɪsɪs, ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ənd nuz ˈəpˌdeɪts, saɪn əp fər ɑr ˈsərvɪsɪz. ʤɪst goʊ tɪ ənd hɪt ðə səbˈskraɪb ˈbətən.
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state bank of india chairperson arundhati bhattacharya said that people are becoming a little more comfortable and less panic stricken compared to last few days after the government enforced a crackdown on old denomination notes of rs 500 and rs 1,000 to demonetise the system.
in an interview with cnbc tv18, bhattacharya stated that sbi has so far witnessed transactions of around rs 1 lakh crore, of which 80-82 percent comprised of deposits while rs 7,000 crore stood at withdrawals.
on being asked where she expects interest rates to fall in the near term, bhattacharya answered in affirmative, but cautioned that a rising amount of deposits in savings account could push up liability for the bank.
india's largest commercial bank also said that total amount of deposits have been coming down and withdrawals are going up.
sbi chairperson also stated that the bank will also start dispensing rs 50 and rs 20 notes in the coming days to help the public.
the sbi chief stated that in all of their branches in the southern states, the workload has dropped to almost 50 percent, which is a sure sign that people are assured that they will receive the money at their own convenience.
however, talking about the inconvenience caused to the masses with atms running out of cash soon, bhattacharya added that atms are emptying out fast because it has a fixed space for notes of 100 and also the dimension of the new notes has changed, adding that the holding capacity in the atm is confined.
"but what takes most time is manual recalibration. a person has to come and physically add the money when it runs out. we hope and are trying that we can sort of this problem by end of november. and if the chaos subsides by then, then we will also start dispensing rs 20, 50 in coming days," she said.
meanwhile, the government has set up a special task force headed by deputy governor of rbi to expedite the process of re-calibrating the atms to make them fully functional, which will work with different banks in this direction.
with ani inputs
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ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈæktɪvɪsts spoʊk wɪθ ðə ˈgəvərnər əv saʊθ dəˈkoʊtə ɛz hi weɪz ˈwɛðər tɪ saɪn ər ˈviˌtoʊ ə bɪl ðət wʊd dɪˈtərmən wɪʧ ˈbɑθˌrumz ənd ˈlɑkər rumz ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈstudənts ər əˈlaʊd tɪ juz. ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɑz ˈprɑmptɪd baɪ ə su fɔlz nɑnˈprɑfət ðət rɪkˈwɛstɪd ðə taɪm tɪ tɔk wɪθ gəv. ˈdɛnɪs (ɑr) ˈæftər hi sɛd hi hæd ˈnɛvər mɛt ə ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈpərsən. ˈsɛvərəl əv ðə ˈæktɪvɪsts ʃɛrd ˈpərsɪnəl ˈænɪkˌdoʊts ənd ˈstɔriz ˈeɪmɪŋ tɪ pərsˈweɪd ðə ˈgəvərnər tɪ ˈviˌtoʊ ðə bɪl. dɪd ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən hɛlp? jɛs, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈgəvərnər. hɛlpt mi si θɪŋz θru ðɛr aɪz ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt ənd ˌəndərˈstænd ðɛr perspective,”*,” sɛd ˈæftər ðə ˈmitɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs. ˈædvəˌkeɪts fər ðə ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər kəmˈjunɪti sɛd ðeɪ wər plizd wɪθ haʊ ðə ˈmitɪŋz wər kənˈdəktəd. ˈkɛndrə heathscott*, wən əv ðə əˈtɛnˈdiz ənd ə bɔrd ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈsɛnər fər ɪkˈwɑləti ɪn su fɔlz, toʊld ðə ˌeɪˈpi ðə ˈgəvərnər əˈpɪrd ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ənd rɪˈspɑnsɪv. "aɪ ˈrɪli θɪŋk hi gɑt frəm ɑr ˈstɔriz ðət wɪr ˈjumən biɪŋz ənd wi wɔnt tɪ bi ˈtritɪd laɪk ˈɛvəri ˈjumən biɪŋ dɪˈzərvz tɪ bi ˈtritɪd wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt," ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər su fɔlz haɪ skul ˈstudənt ˈtɑməs luɪs toʊld ðə ˌeɪˈpi. ðə bɪl ɪn kˈwɛʃən wʊd proʊˈhɪbət ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈstudənts frəm ˈjuzɪŋ ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛˌstrumz ər ˈlɑkər rumz fər ðɛr aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈʤɛndər. ə ˈstudənt bɔrn ˈfiˌmeɪl, bət hu aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz meɪl, wʊd nɑt bi əˈlaʊd tɪ juz ðə ˈbæθˌrum ɪf saɪnz ðə prəˈpoʊzəl ˈɪntu lɔ. saʊθ dəˈkoʊtə wʊd bi ðə fərst steɪt ɪn ðə ˈkəntri tɪ ɪˈnækt səʧ ə lɔ. tɪ səm, ðə ˈmɛʒər ɪz ə stɛp ˈfɔrwərd fər ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər raɪts. "ɪf ðə ˈgəvərnər wər tɪ saɪn ðɪs, wid bi ðə ˈoʊnli steɪt ɪn ðə ˈneɪʃən ðət həz lɔz fər əˈkɑməˌdeɪtɪŋ ðə nidz əv ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈstudənts," rɪˈpəblɪkən rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. frɛd dɔɪʧ, ðə meɪn ˈspɑnsər əv ðə ˈmɛʒər, toʊld ðə ˌeɪˈpi. "ðə ˈoʊnli wən." prəˈpoʊnənts əv ðə bɪl seɪ ɪt wɪl nɑt fɔrs ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈstudənts tɪ ðə ˈrɛˌstrum fər ðə ˈʤɛndər ðeɪ wər bɔrn ɛz, bət wʊd hæv prəˈvɪʒənz tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈtrænzˈʤɛndər ˈstudənts tɪ ˈiðər juz ˈrɛˌstrumz ər ˈlɑkər rumz tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ər hæv ˈsupərˌvaɪzd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ə ˈbæθˌrum fər ˈfækəlti, ɛz ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪn saɪəns ˈmɑnətər ˈpriviəsli ˌriˈpɔrtəd. əˈpoʊnənts əv ðə bɪl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, seɪ ɪt wʊd fɔrs ˈstudənts tɪ ˈleɪbəl ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈdipli kənfˈjuzɪŋ taɪm. ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə eɪʤ wɪn kɪdz ər ʤɪst ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ [ðɛr ˈʤɛndər identity],”*],” bɪl mawhiney*, ˈtrɛʒərər fər ðə ˈsɛnər fər ɪkˈwɑləti, ən ˈædvəkəsi grup ɪn su fɔlz, s.d*, toʊld ðə ˈmɑnətər læst wik. ju si ðiz ˈtiˌneɪʤərz goʊ θru ðət ˈstrəgəl, ðə læst θɪŋ ðeɪ nid tɪ bi toʊld ɪz, goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈleɪbəl ju, goʊɪŋ tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ you.’*.’ ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðɛm tɪ stænd out.”*.” ðə ˈgəvərnər ɪz weɪɪŋ boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə ˈɪʃu ˌbiˈfɔr ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ ˈwɛðər tɪ ˈviˌtoʊ ðə bɪl ər saɪn ɪt. hi ˈɔlsoʊ mɛt wɪθ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv dɔɪʧ, hu prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈdɑkjəmənts ənd ɪkˈspleɪnd waɪ hi hɛlpt brɪŋ ðə bɪl tɪ ə voʊt. ðə ˈfaɪnəl dɪˈsɪʒən wɪl hæv tɪ bi riʧt baɪ mɑrʧ 1 gɪt ðə ˈmɑnətər ˈstɔriz ju kɛr əˈbaʊt dɪˈlɪvərd tɪ jʊr inbox*. baɪ ˈsaɪnɪŋ əp, ju əˈgri tɪ ɑr ˈpraɪvəsi ˈpɑləsi "əv kɔrs, aɪ hæv maɪ oʊn sɛt əv ˈvæljuz," sɛd. "ðɛr goʊɪŋ tɪ, ɪn ðə ɛnd, draɪv ðə dɪˈsɪʒən wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən aɪ hæv." ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt ˌɪnˈkludz məˈtɪriəl frəm ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs.
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on tuesday, transgender activists spoke with the governor of south dakota as he weighs whether to sign or veto a bill that would determine which bathrooms and locker rooms transgender students are allowed to use.
the conversation was prompted by a sioux falls nonprofit that requested the time to talk with gov. dennis daugaard (r) after he said he had never met a transgender person. several of the activists shared personal anecdotes and stories aiming to persuade the governor to veto the bill.
did the conversation help? yes, according to governor daugaard.
“it helped me see things through their eyes a little bit and understand their perspective,” daugaard said after the meeting to the associated press.
advocates for the transgender community said they were pleased with how the meetings were conducted. kendra heathscott, one of the attendees and a board member of the center for equality in sioux falls, told the ap the governor appeared genuine and responsive.
"i really think he got from our stories that we're human beings and we want to be treated like every human being deserves to be treated with respect," transgender sioux falls high school student thomas lewis told the ap.
the bill in question would prohibit transgender students from using public restrooms or locker rooms for their identified gender. a student born female, but who identified as male, would not be allowed to use the men’s bathroom if daugaard signs the proposal into law. south dakota would be the first state in the country to enact such a law. to some, the measure is a step forward for transgender rights.
"if the governor were to sign this, we'd be the only state in the nation that has laws for accommodating the needs of transgender students," republican rep. fred deutsch, the main sponsor of the measure, told the ap. "the only one."
proponents of the bill say it will not force transgender students to the restroom for the gender they were born as, but would have provisions to allow transgender students to either use single-stall restrooms or locker rooms to change or have supervised access to a bathroom for faculty, as the christian science monitor previously reported.
opponents of the bill, however, say it would force students to label themselves during a deeply confusing time.
“we’re talking about the age when kids are just understanding [their gender identity],” bill mawhiney, treasurer for the center for equality, an lgbt-rights advocacy group in sioux falls, s.d, told the monitor last week. “when you see these teenagers go through that struggle, the last thing they need to be told is, ‘we’re going to label you, we’re going to identify you.’ forcing them to stand out.”
the governor is weighing both sides of the issue before deciding whether to veto the bill or sign it.
he also met with representative deutsch, who provided documents and explained why he helped bring the bill to a vote.
the governor’s final decision will have to be reached by march 1.
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"of course, i have my own set of values," daugaard said. "they're going to, in the end, drive the decision with the information i have."
this report includes material from the associated press.
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i’m* ʃʊr nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli wən hu θɪŋks ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɪz ˈivɪn mɔr ˌɛnərˈteɪnɪŋ ðən ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl, wɪθ ə lɔt əv səˈpraɪzɪz ˈɛvəri ˈsizən, ən ˌɪnˈseɪn ˈætməsˌfɪr, lɛs tɔk ʃoʊz ənd ə lɔt mɔr vərˈaɪəti ɔn ðə fild. bət pleɪərz gɪt peɪd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ fər ðɛr wərk ɔn ðə fild, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɪz ə ˈbɪljən ˈdɔlər ˈɪndəstri raɪt naʊ, wɪθ ɔl ðə ˈtɪkɪt seɪlz, fænz ˌmɛmərəˈbiljə, ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən raɪts ənd soʊ ɔn. wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈməni, ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪzɪz ənd ðɛr ˈkoʊʧɪz ər ðə ril ˈwɪnərz əv ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl, ˈgɪtɪŋ ə bɪg slaɪs əv ðə paɪ ˈɛvəri jɪr. fər ˈɪnstəns, ɪn 2015 ðɛr ər 71 ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈkoʊʧɪz ˈreɪkɪŋ ɪn mɔr ðən wən ˈmɪljən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɪs lɪst frəm ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ təˈdeɪ, ənd bɪˈliv ɪt ər nɑt, ˈivɪn səm əˈsɪstənt ˈkoʊʧɪz rɪˈsivd ˈsæləriz ˈtɑpɪŋ wən ˈmɪljən ðɪs ˈsizən. waɪ noʊ ˈwəndər ðət ɪn ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvəri steɪt ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˈkoʊʧɪz ər ðə haɪəst peɪd ˈpəblɪk ɪmˈplɔɪiz. ənd təˈdeɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈɛnər ðə lɪvz əv ðə tɔp tɛn haɪəst peɪd ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈkoʊʧɪz ɪn 2015 ʃoʊɪŋ ju ðə ˈpleɪsɪz ðeɪ kɔl hoʊm. wi faɪnd tu ˈmɛni ˈditeɪlz ər ˈfoʊˌtoʊz wɪθ ðɛr hoʊmz, bət ðɪs lɪst ʃʊd stɪl gɪv ju ən aɪˈdiə ɔn haʊ ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈkoʊʧɪz roʊl. 10 ju friz (ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi) ˈæftər ə ˈkəpəl əv səkˈsɛsfəl ˈsizənz wɪθ ˌoʊˈleɪ mɪs, ju friz saɪnd ə nu ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi ðɪs ˈsizən, ˈgɪtɪŋ ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈkɑnˌtrækt reɪz wɪʧ meɪks ɪm wən əv ðə 10 haɪəst peɪd ˈkoʊʧɪz ɪn 2015 hɪz ˈsæləri wɑz ˌɪnˈkrist frəm ˈmɪljən tɪ ˈmɪljən, wɪʧ minz hi rɪˈsivd ə reɪz ənd ʃʊr hi wɑz mɔr ðən plizd wɪθ ðɪs sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt reɪz. hɪz haʊs ɪz ˈprɪti ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ɛz wɛl, ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ˈɑksfərd, ˌmɪsɪˈsɪpi. 9 lɛs maɪəlz (lsu*) bɪn 10 jɪrz sɪns lɛs maɪəlz həz bɪn neɪmd hɛd koʊʧ, ə ˈdɛkeɪd fɪld wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl dɪˈvɪʒən ˈtaɪtəlz fər ðə ˈtaɪgərz, tu trɪps tɪ ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp geɪm ənd moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp bæk ɪn 2007 fər jɪrz ðə mæd ˈhætər həz bɪn wən əv ðə bɛst ˈkoʊʧɪz ɪn ðə lig, wɪθ ə ˈrɛkərd fər ðə ˈtaɪgərz əˈloʊn ənd ðɪs ˈsizən. hɪz hoʊm ɪz ˈprɪti əˈmeɪzɪŋ ɛz wɛl, ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ə ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kəmˈjunɪti ɪn ˈbæˌtɑn ruʒ, luˌiziˈænə. 8 ʤeɪmz ˈfræŋklɪn (pɛn steɪt) ˈɛvər sɪns hi bɪˈkeɪm ə hɛd koʊʧ æt ˈvændərbɪlt, ʤeɪmz ˈfræŋklɪn həz bɪn əv ðə moʊst sɔt ˈæftər jəŋ ˈkoʊʧɪz ɪn ðə lig, ənd ɪn 2014 ðə pɛn steɪt laɪənz ˈmænɪʤd tɪ kənˈvɪns ɪm tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ hɪz hoʊm steɪt baɪ ˈɔfərɪŋ ʤeɪmz ə ˈmɪljən dil fər 6 jɪrz. hɪz ˈdrimi hoʊm ɪn ˈnæʃvɪl həz bɪn ˈlɪstɪd fər seɪl læst jɪr, bət wi noʊ ɪf hi ˈmænɪʤd tɪ sɛl ɪt ər nɑt jɛt. 7 ˈkɛvɪn ˈsəmlɪn (ˈtɛksəs) ɪn ʤɪst ə ˈkəpəl əv jɪrz ˈkɛvɪn ˈsəmlɪn ˈmænɪʤd tɪ meɪk ðə ˈægiz wən əv ðə moʊst ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ timz ɪn ðə lig, raɪt ˈæftər hi neɪmd ˈʤɑni ɛz ə ˈstɑrtər bæk ɪn 2012 ðət ˈsizən wɪl bi ɪn ðə ˈrɛkərd bʊks fər ə lɔŋ taɪm, bət ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ˈrɑstər həz ʧeɪnʤd ˈɔlˌmoʊst kəmˈplitli, ðə ˈægiz ər stɪl ˈrɪli fən tɪ wɔʧ, ənd ɔl θæŋks tɪ ðə ˈkoʊʧɪŋ stæf. ˈsəmlɪn saɪnd ə bɪg ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ ˈtɛksəs tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ, soʊ hi kən əˈfɔrd ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ˈmæsɪv ˈmænʃən ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈsteɪʃən, ˈtɛksəs. 6 ˈʧɑrli strɔŋ (ˈtɛksəs) ˈʧɑrli ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ˈsizənz wɪθ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈluiˌvɪl brɔt ɪm tɪ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtɛksəs ɪn 2014 wɛr hi saɪnd ə 5 jɪr, 25 ˈmɪljən dil wɪθ ðə ˈtɛksəs ˈlɔŋˌhɔrnz. hɪz fərst jɪr hir wɑz ə ˈlɪtəl rəf ənd ðɪs ˈsizən simz tɪ goʊ ɔn ðə seɪm laɪn, bət hu noʊz? ˈmeɪbi hi kən tərn θɪŋz əraʊnd ɪn ðə nɛkst jɪrz. hɪz ˈfɔrmər hoʊm ɪn ˈluiˌvɪl, kənˈtəki ɪz ˈtoʊtəli wərθ ə lʊk. 5 ˈfɪʃər (ˈflɔrɪdə steɪt) aɪ ˈrɪli θɪŋk ˈfɪʃər ɪz ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl koʊʧ hu ˈɔfərz ðə bɛst ˈvælju fər hɪz ˈsæləri raɪt naʊ. ɪn ðə pæst 3 jɪrz hi həz ə ʤɔ ˈdrɑpɪŋ ˈrɛkərd wɪθ ˈflɔrɪdə steɪt, ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈsɛmɪˌnoʊlz tɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈtaɪtəl ɪn 2014 ənd ðə pleɪɔf ˌsɛmɪˈfaɪnəl læst jɪr. dɪˈspaɪt ˈluzɪŋ ˈwɪnstən ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pleɪərz tɪ ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ðɪs ˈsizən, ˈflɔrɪdə steɪt ɪz stɪl əˈməŋ ðə ɪˈlit ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ənd wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli gɪt kloʊz tɪ əˈnəðər ˈtaɪtəl ðɪs ˈsizən. ˈfɪʃər həz ˈɔlˌweɪz ləvd ˈflɔrɪdə, ənd lɪvz ɪn ðɪs hoʊm frəm tallahasse*, ˈflɔrɪdə, sɪns 2007 4 bɑb stups (ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə) hɛd koʊʧ əv ðə ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˈsunərz sɪns 1999 bɑb stups həz meɪd ðə tim wən əv ðə bɛst ɪn ðə lig fər ˈɔlˌmoʊst tu ˈdɛkeɪdz. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst 16 jɪrz hi broʊk ˈɛvəri ˈkoʊʧɪŋ ˈrɛkərd fər ðə ˈsunərz, ˈteɪkɪŋ ə ˈtaɪtəl hoʊm ɪn 2000 wɪʧ ɪkˈspleɪnz waɪ bɪn wən əv ðə haɪəst peɪd ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈkoʊʧɪz fər ˈmɛni, ˈmɛni jɪrz. hi həz ˈrisəntli muvd tɪ ðɪs ˈmæsɪv haʊs ɪn ˈnɔrmən, ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə, wɪʧ ɪz ˈivɪn ˈnɪkˌneɪmd də stoops”*”. 3 ˈərbən maɪər (oʊˈhaɪoʊ steɪt) ˈæftər faɪv əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈsizənz wɪθ ðə ˈflɔrɪdə ˈgeɪtərz bɪtˈwin 2005 ənd 2010 wɪθ tu ˈnæʃənəl ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps ɪn bɪtˈwin, ˈərbən maɪər həz əˈnaʊnst hɪz rɪˈtaɪərmənt frəm ˈkoʊʧɪŋ, ˈoʊnli tɪ rɪˈtərn ɛz ðə hɛd koʊʧ əv ðə oʊˈhaɪoʊ steɪt ˈbəˌkaɪz ɪn 2012 tɪ kənˈtɪnju hɪz səkˈsɛsfəl ˈlɛgəsi ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl. læst jɪr dən ɪt əˈgɛn, ˈwɪnɪŋ hɪz θərd ˈtaɪtəl, ɛz ðə ˈbəˌkaɪz hæv wən ðə fərst ˈɛvər ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl pleɪɔf ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp. ˈkərəntli ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ˈmæsɪv hoʊm ɪn ˈdəblɪn, oʊˈhaɪoʊ, ˈoʊvərˌlʊkɪŋ ðə grinz əv ðə mˈjʊrfild ˈvɪlɪʤ gɔlf kləb. 2 ʤɪm ˈhɑrˌbɔ (ˈmɪʃɪgən) ˈæftər fɔr ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv jɪrz wɪθ ðə ənd ˈmeɪbi ə pleɪ ər tu (ənd ə ˈbrəðər) əˈweɪ frəm ə ˈsupər boʊl ˈtaɪtəl, ʤɪm ˈhɑrˌbɔ wɑz wən əv ðə ˈhɑtəst ˈkoʊʧɪz ɪn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl. waɪ ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪm bæk tɪ ðə ʧip fər ˈmɪʃɪgən, bət ðə ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ goʊ fər ɪm ənd ɔˈrɛdi duɪŋ ə greɪt ʤɑb. ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈmɪʃɪgən ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ peɪ ɪm fər 2015 wɪʧ meɪks ɪm ðə haɪəst peɪd ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl koʊʧ ɪn tərmz əv skul peɪ əˈloʊn ðɪs jɪr. hi maɪt gɪt ə lɔt mɔr frəm ˈboʊnəsɪz, bət ðət ɔl dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ðə rɪˈzəlts. ɪn tərmz əv hoʊmz, ʤɪm ˈhɑrˌbɔ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ duɪŋ ˈprɪti wɛl, ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ˈbjutəfəl skwɛr fʊt hoʊm frəm ˈæθərtən, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə. 1 nɪk ˈseɪbən (ˌæləˈbæmə) wɛl, wɛl, ju ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ si ˈɛniˌwən ɛls ɔn ðə spɑt, raɪt? ɪt wɑz ə kloʊz kɔl, ənd nɪk ˈseɪbən ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈsɛkənd ɪn tərmz əv skul peɪ ðɪs jɪr, ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪgˈzæktli frəm ˌæləˈbæmə, bət rɪˈsivɪŋ əˈnəðər frəm kəˈmərʃəlz, soʊ ˈlʊkɪŋ əp æt ə 2015 ˈsæləri əv fər ɪm. hi wɑz brɔt tɪ ˌæləˈbæmə tɪ bɪld ə ˈdaɪnəsti hir ənd ˈɪnstəntli tərnd ðə ˈkrɪmzən taɪd ˈɪntu ðə moʊst fɪrd tim ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl, ˈwɪnɪŋ θri ˈtaɪtəlz ɪn ðə pæst 6 jɪrz. hi ˈɔlsoʊ hæd ə ˈtaɪtəl wɪθ ənd ə tu jɪr stɪnt ɪn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl wɪθ ðə maɪˈæmi ˈdɑlfənz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˌæləˈbæmə, waɪ peɪd laɪk ə kɪŋ ənd ˈlɪvɪŋ laɪk wən. hi həz ˈmɛni ˈprɑpərtiz ˈəndər hɪz neɪm bət ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv həz tɪ bi pɔɪnt ɔn leɪk burton”*”, ə ˈgɔrʤəs ˈleɪkˌsaɪd ɛˈsteɪt wɪθ sɪks ˈbɛˌdrumz ənd naɪn ˈbɑθˌrumz, wɪʧ wɑz ˈlɪstɪd fər seɪl tu jɪrz fər ˈmɪljən. læst jɪr hi həz soʊld əˈnəðər haʊs tɪ ðə ˈkrɪmzən taɪd faʊnˈdeɪʃən fər ˈmɪljən, soʊ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈskɔrɪŋ haɪ æt ril ɛˈsteɪt.
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i’m sure i’m not the only one who thinks college football is even more entertaining than the nfl, with a lot of surprises every season, an insane atmosphere, less talk shows and a lot more variety on the field. but ncaa players don’t get paid anything for their work on the field, even though college football is a billion dollar industry right now, with all the ticket sales, fans memorabilia, tv rights and so on.
when it comes to money, the franchises and their coaches are the real winners of college football, getting a big slice of the pie every year. for instance, in 2015 there are 71 college football coaches raking in more than one million, according to this list from usa today, and believe it or not, even some assistant coaches received salaries topping one million this season.
that’s why it’s no wonder that in almost every state in the us college football and also college basketball coaches are the highest paid public employees. and today we’ve decided to enter the lives of the top ten highest paid college football coaches in 2015, showing you the places they call home.
we couldn’t find too many details or photos with their homes, but this list should still give you an idea on how college football coaches roll.
10. hugh freeze (mississippi) – $4,310,000
after a couple of successful seasons with ole miss, hugh freeze signed a new contract with the university of mississippi this season, getting a major contract raise which makes him one of the 10 highest paid coaches in 2015.
his salary was increased from $3.15 million to $4.3 million, which means he received a 36.5% raise and i’m sure he was more than pleased with this significant raise. his house is pretty impressive as well, located in oxford, mississippi.
9. les miles (lsu) – $4,388,721
it’s been 10 years since les miles has been named lsu’s head coach, a decade filled with several division titles for the tigers, two trips to the championship game and most important, a national championship back in 2007.
for years the mad hatter has been one of the best coaches in the league, with a 109-29 record for the tigers alone and 6-0 this season. his home is pretty amazing as well, located in a residential community in baton rouge, louisiana.
8. james franklin (penn state) – $4,400,000
ever since he became a head coach at vanderbilt, james franklin has been of the most sought after young coaches in the league, and in 2014 the penn state nittany lions managed to convince him to return to his home state by offering james a $25.5 million deal for 6 years.
his dreamy home in nashville has been listed for sale last year, but we don’t know if he managed to sell it or not yet.
7. kevin sumlin (texas a&m) – $5,000,000
in just a couple of years kevin sumlin managed to make the aggies one of the most exciting teams in the league, right after he named johnny manziel as a starter back in 2012. that season will be in the record books for a long time, but even though the team’s roster has changed almost completely, the aggies are still really fun to watch, and it’s all thanks to the coaching staff.
sumlin signed a big 6-year contract with texas a&m two years ago, so he can afford living in this massive mansion in college station, texas.
6. charlie strong (texas) – $5,100,270
charlie strong’s impressive seasons with the university of louisville brought him to the university of texas in 2014, where he signed a 5 year, $25 million deal with the texas longhorns.
his first year here was a little rough and this season seems to go on the same line, but who knows? maybe he can turn things around in the next years. his former home in louisville, kentucky is totally worth a look.
5. jimbo fisher (florida state) – $5,150,000
i really think jimbo fisher is the college football coach who offers the best value for his salary right now. in the past 3 years he has a jaw dropping 33-1 record with florida state, taking the seminoles to the bcs national title in 2014 and the playoff semifinal last year.
despite losing jameis winston and many other important players to the nfl this season, florida state is still among the elite in college football and will probably get close to another title this season. jimbo fisher has always loved florida, and lives in this home from tallahasse, florida, since 2007.
4. bob stoops (oklahoma) – $5,400,000
head coach of the oklahoma sooners since 1999, bob stoops has made the team one of the best in the league for almost two decades.
during the last 16 years he broke every coaching record for the sooners, taking a title home in 2000, which explains why he’s been one of the highest paid college football coaches for many, many years. he has recently moved to this massive house in norman, oklahoma, which is even nicknamed “chateau de stoops”.
3. urban meyer (ohio state) – $5,860,000
after five amazing seasons with the florida gators between 2005 and 2010, with two national championships in between, urban meyer has announced his retirement from coaching, only to return as the head coach of the ohio state buckeyes in 2012 to continue his successful legacy in college football.
last year he’s done it again, winning his third title, as the buckeyes have won the first ever college football playoff championship. he’s currently living in this massive home in dublin, ohio, overlooking the greens of the muirfield village golf club.
2. jim harbaugh (michigan) – $7,004,000
after four impressive years with the 49ers and maybe a play or two (and a brother) away from a super bowl title, jim harbaugh was one of the hottest coaches in the nfl. that’s why bringing him back to the ncaa wasn’t cheap for michigan, but the wolverines decided to go all-in for him and he’s already doing a great job.
the university of michigan decided to pay him $7,004,000 for 2015, which makes him the highest paid college football coach in terms of school pay alone this year. he might get a lot more from bonuses, but that all depends on the team’s results. in terms of homes, jim harbaugh is also doing pretty well, living in this beautiful 6,127 square foot home from atherton, california.
1. nick saban (alabama) – $7,087,481
well, well, you didn’t expect to see anyone else on the 1st spot, right? it was a close call, and nick saban is actually second in terms of school pay this year, getting exactly $6,932,395 from alabama, but he’s receiving another $155,086 from commercials, so you’re looking up at a 2015 salary of $7,087,481 for him.
he was brought to alabama to build a modern-day dynasty here and instantly turned the crimson tide into the most feared team in college football, winning three titles in the past 6 years. he also had a title with lsu and a two year stint in the nfl with the miami dolphins before joining alabama, that’s why he’s paid like a king and living like one.
he has many properties under his name but the most impressive has to be “the pointe on lake burton”, a gorgeous lakeside estate with six bedrooms and nine bathrooms, which was listed for sale two years for $10.9 million. last year he has sold another house to the crimson tide foundation for $3.1 million, so he’s also scoring high at real estate.
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ðə ˈleɪtəst ɔn ðə ˈfɔˌlaʊt frəm ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ˈmuvmənt ɪn ðə ˌkætəˈloʊnjə ˈriʤən əv speɪn (ɔl taɪmz ˈloʊkəl): p.m*. ə ˈmoʊstli səˈtɪrɪkəl kæmˈpeɪn ˈpʊʃɪŋ fər ə ˈsaɪzəbəl ʧəŋk əv ˌkætəˈloʊnjə tɪ dɪˈklɛr ɪts ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns frəm ðə ˈriʤən bət rɪˈmeɪn ɪn speɪn həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə səkˈsɛs. ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt kæmˈpeɪn tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ðə fɪkˈtɪʃəs ˈriʤən əv "tabarnia*" ɪn ðə ˈprɑvənsəz əv ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə ənd ˈnɪrˈbaɪ həz drɔn loʊdz əv ˈkɑmɛnts ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪv draɪv fər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns lɛd baɪ ðə ˈriʤənz ˈpriviəs ˈgəvərnmənt. ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə ənd ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ər əˈməŋ ðə list ˈɛriəz əv ˌkætəˈloʊnjə. ðə ˈmɑkɪŋ kæmˈpeɪn ˈjuzɪz sˈloʊgənz səʧ ɛz "ˈfridəm fər tabarnia*" ənd "ˌkætəˈloʊnjə rɑbz tabarnia*," ˈɪməˌteɪtɪŋ ðə wənz səˈpɔrtərz əv ˈkætɑˌlɑn sɪˈsɛʃən juzd tɪ prəˈmoʊt ˈbreɪkɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm speɪn. ðə kæmˈpeɪn, rən baɪ ə grup kɔld ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə ɪz nɑt ˌkætəˈloʊnjə, wɑz nuz ɪn ˈmɛni ˈspænɪʃ ˈpeɪpərz ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ənd ə tɔp ˈtrɛndɪŋ ˈtɑpɪk ˈtuzˌdeɪ ɔn tˈwɪtər. a.m*. speɪnz ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈmɪnɪstri sɪz ɪt ɪz wɪθˈdrɔɪŋ ˈθaʊzənz əv pəˈlis ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənts hu wər dɪˈplɔɪd tɪ ɪts ˌnɔrˈθistərn ˈriʤən əv ˌkætəˈloʊnjə ɪn ðə tɪ ən əˈtɛmptəd ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm ɔn ðə ˈriʤənz ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər. ˈmɪnɪstər wɑn ˌɪgˈnɑsioʊ sɛd leɪt ˈtuzˌdeɪ ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənts ər noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈnɔrməlsi ˈæftər speɪn sizd kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈrɛstɪv ˈriʤən ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns baɪ ðə ˈkætɑˌlɑn ˈpɑrləmɛnt wiks ˈæftər ðə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm. speɪn wɑz ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ˈoʊvər pəˈlis ˈjuzɪŋ fɔrs tɪ traɪ tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ðə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm frəm ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs. ˈhənərdz əv ˈpipəl, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ pəˈlis, wər ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈɪnʤərd. speɪn ˈleɪtər dɪsˈmɪst ðə ˈkætɑˌlɑn ˈgəvərnmənt, dɪˈzɑlvd ðə ˈriʤənəl ˈpɑrləmɛnt ənd ˈɔrdərd frɛʃ ɪˈlɛkʃənz fər dɛk. 21 tɪ kwɛl ðə sɪˈsɛʃən pʊʃ ənd rɪˈstɔr liˈgæləti.
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the latest on the fallout from the independence movement in the catalonia region of spain (all times local):
4:35 p.m.
a mostly satirical campaign pushing for a sizeable chunk of catalonia to declare its independence from the region but remain in spain has become a social media success.
the internet campaign to establish the fictitious region of "tabarnia" in the provinces of barcelona and nearby tarragona has drawn loads of comments following the divisive drive for independence led by the region's previous government.
barcelona and nearby tarragona are among the least pro-independence areas of catalonia.
the mocking campaign uses slogans such as "freedom for tabarnia" and "catalonia robs tabarnia," imitating the ones supporters of catalan secession used to promote breaking away from spain.
the campaign, run by a group called barcelona is not catalonia, was front-page news in many spanish papers on wednesday and a top trending topic tuesday on twitter.
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10:50 a.m.
spain's interior ministry says it is withdrawing thousands of police reinforcements who were deployed to its northeastern region of catalonia in the run-up to an attempted referendum on the region's independence in october.
minister juan ignacio zoido said late tuesday the estimated 5,000 reinforcements are no longer necessary following the return to normalcy after spain seized control of the restive region following a declaration of independence by the catalan parliament weeks after the referendum.
spain was criticized over police using force to try to prevent the referendum from taking place. hundreds of people, including police, were reported injured.
spain later dismissed the catalan government, dissolved the regional parliament and ordered fresh elections for dec. 21 to quell the secession push and restore legality.
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ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˈmænˌʧɛstər ˈsɪtiz səˈpɔrtərz wɑz tu gʊd tɪ pæs əp. ðɛr tim wər ɔn ðɛr weɪ tɪ ə wɪn əˈgɛnst ˈpɔrtoʊ ənd ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən hæd ə ˈstraɪkər goʊɪŋ baɪ ðə neɪm əv həlk hu wɑz ʃoʊɪŋ saɪnz əv frəˈstreɪʃən. "jʊr nɑt ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl," ðə hoʊm fænz sæŋ. həlk, ril neɪm viˈɛrə də ˈsuzə, ˈsərtənli dɪd nɑt lʊk laɪk hi hæd ˌsupərˈhjumən paʊərz ɛz ˈsərˌʤjoʊ ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ˈsɪti tɪ ə ˈvɪktəri tɪ sɛnd ðɛm ˈɪntu ðə nɛkst raʊnd əv ðə jʊˈroʊpə lig wɪθ ən ˈægrəgət ˈvɪktəri. ˈpɔrtoʊ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hæv nɑt sin ðə ˈfəni saɪd. ðə ˈpɔrʧəˌgiz kləb ər naʊ pərˈpɛrɪŋ ən əˈfɪʃəl kəmˈpleɪnt ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ wɪl æsk tɪ ˈoʊpən ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst ðə prɛˈmɪr lig ˈlidərz ənd ðeɪ ər dɪˈnaɪɪŋ ɪt həz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ən əˈpɛrənt ˈhjumər ˈbaɪˌpæs., ðə kləbz ˈspoʊksmən, sɛd ðə ˈmætər wʊd bi ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn ðə graʊnz ðət ˈsɪtiz səˈpɔrtərz hæd ˈæktɪd ɪn ən ˌɪmˈprɑpər weɪ. həlk hæd ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ˈtɑrgətɪd wɪθ ʧænts əv "ʧit" bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈtɛndənsi tɪ lʊk fər ənd ˈpɔrtoʊ wɪl kleɪm hi wɑz ðə ˈvɪktɪm əv bɪˈheɪvjər ðət ˈwɔrənts ən əˈfɪʃəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz hæv bɪn mɛt wɪθ bɪˈwɪldərmənt æt ðə ˈsteɪdiəm wɛr ðeɪ kʊd bi fərˈgɪvən fər ˈwəndərɪŋ ɪf ɪt ɪz ˈtɪtˌfɔrˈtæt riˌtæliˈeɪʃən ˈæftər wət ˈhæpənd wɪn ðə tu timz mɛt æt ðə du læst wik. həz ˈoʊpənd ə ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri keɪs ˈæftər tu əv ˈsɪtiz blæk pleɪərz, ˈmɑrioʊ ənd touré*é, wər ˈreɪʃəli əˈbjuzd ʤɪst ɛz ˈdɪdiər ənd ˈwɪljəm ˈgæləz wər wɪn ðeɪ pleɪd ðɛr fər ˈʧɛlsi ɪn 2004 ˈpɔrtoʊ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hæv meɪd ɪt klɪr ðeɪ ər ˈaʊˌtreɪʤd baɪ ˈsɪti ˈlɑʤɪŋ ə kəmˈpleɪnt. ðə ˈpɔrtoʊ ˈvərʒən əv ɪˈvɛnts ðət ɪt wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli boʊθ sɛts əv səˈpɔrtərz ˈʧæntɪŋ ɪn səˈpɔrt əv həlk ənd "kən". "kən, kən, kən; həlk, həlk, həlk," sɛd æt ðə taɪm, ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ðə ʧænts. "ðiz kən bi ˈizəli kənfˈjuzd wɪθ ˈreɪsɪst ʧænts." ɔl əv wɪʧ wɑz ə streɪnʤ ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ˈgɪvɪn ðət wɑz nɑt ˈivɪn ɔn ðə pɪʧ æt ðə taɪm. ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl, ju kʊd seɪ.
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the opportunity for manchester city's supporters was too good to pass up. their team were on their way to a 4-0 win against porto and the opposition had a striker going by the name of hulk who was showing signs of frustration. "you're not incredible," the home fans sang.
hulk, real name givanildo vieira de souza, certainly did not look like he had superhuman powers as sergio agüero inspired city to a 4-0 victory to send them into the next round of the europa league with an aggregate 6-1 victory.
porto, however, have not seen the funny side. the portuguese club are now preparing an official complaint in which they will ask uefa to open disciplinary charges against the premier league leaders – and they are denying it has anything to do with an apparent humour bypass.
rui cerqueira, the club's spokesman, said the matter would be reported on the grounds that city's supporters had acted in an improper way. hulk had also been targeted with chants of "cheat" because of the brazilian's tendency to look for free-kicks and porto will claim he was the victim of unsporting behaviour that warrants an official investigation.
the allegations have been met with bewilderment at the etihad stadium where they could be forgiven for wondering if it is tit-for-tat retaliation after what happened when the two teams met at the estádio do dragão last week. uefa has opened a disciplinary case after two of city's black players, mario balotelli and yaya touré, were racially abused – just as didier drogba and william gallas were when they played there for chelsea in 2004.
porto, however, have made it clear they are outraged by city lodging a complaint. the porto version of events that it was actually both sets of supporters chanting in support of hulk and "kun" agüero. "kun, kun, kun; hulk, hulk, hulk," cerqueira said at the time, demonstrating the chants. "these can be easily confused with racist chants."
all of which was a strange explanation given that agüero was not even on the pitch at the time. incredible, you could say.
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228 ˈbæləts rɪˈsivd aʊt əv ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈtoʊtəl əv 18 ɪˈlɛkʃənz ˈmɛθəd: ʃʊlts ˈwɪnərz: 1 ˈræŋkɪŋz ɔˈstreɪljən grinz ɔˈstreɪljən sɛks ˈpɑrti saɪəns ˈpɑrti ɔˈstreɪljən ˈleɪbər ˈpɑrti (alp*) riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi ˈpɑrti hɛlp ɛnd ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən (hɛmp) ˈpɑrti ˈsɛkjələr ˈpɑrti əv ɔˈstreɪljə nɪk ˈzɛnəfən tim drəg lɔ rɪˈfɔrm ˈpɑrti ˈvɑləntɛri ˌjuθəˈneɪʒə ˈpɑrti ɔˈstreɪljən prɑˈgrɛsɪvz ˈɔnˌlaɪn dɪˈrɛkt dɪˈmɑkrəsi (ɪmˈpaʊərɪŋ ðə ˈpipəl!) ðə ɑrts ˈpɑrti ɔrg ˈəpˈgreɪd dɪˈmɑkrəsi! ɔˈstreɪljən ɪkˈwɑləti ˈpɑrti (ˈmɛrɪʤ) ˈbʊlət treɪn fər ɔˈstreɪljə ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ ˈpɑrti ˈsoʊʃəlɪst əˈlaɪəns ˈænəməl ˈʤəstɪs ˈpɑrti səˈsteɪnəbəl ɔˈstreɪljə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈsaɪkəlɪsts ˈpɑrti ɔˈstreɪljən ˈmoʊtərɪŋ ɛnˈθuziˌæst ˈpɑrti ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ɪkˈwɑləti ˈpɑrti glɛn ˈlæzərəs tim ˈsɛnʧəri ɔˈstreɪljə hɛlθ ɔˈstreɪljə ˈpɑrti kənˈsumər raɪts ɔˈstreɪljən dɪˈfɛns ˈvɛtərənz ˈpɑrti ˈpɛrənts ˈpɑrti (ˈikwəl ˈpɛrəntɪŋ) ɔˈstreɪljən ˈkəntri ˈpɑrti ˈlɪˌbərəl ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti məˈʧʊr ɔˈstreɪljə ˈpɑrti ˈsinjərz juˈnaɪtɪd ˈpɑrti əv ɔˈstreɪljə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈpɑrti əv ɔˈstreɪljə ˈʤəstɪs ˈpɑrti ˈlæmbi ˈnɛtˌwərk ɔˈstreɪljən ˈpɑrti ˈsɪtɪzənz ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈkaʊnsəl əv ɔˈstreɪljə sˈmoʊkərz raɪts ˈpɑrti ɔˈstreɪljən ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl ˈfɪʃərz ˈpɑrti ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈleɪbər ˈpɑrti (dlp*) ɔˈstreɪljən ˈpɑrti ˈʃutərz, ˈfɪʃərz ənd ˈfɑrmərz ˈpɑrti ˈpɑmər juˈnaɪtɪd ˈpɑrti ʤɑn ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ənd ˈfɑrmɪŋ ˈpɑrti raɪz əp ɔˈstreɪljə ˈpɑrti ˈaʊtˌdɔr ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃən ˈpɑrti (stɑp ðə grinz) ɔˈstreɪljən ˈlɪbərˌti əˈlaɪəns ˈkəntri ˈlɪˌbərəlz (ˈnɔrðərn ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri) ˈnæʃənəl ˈpɑrti əv ɔˈstreɪljə pɔˈlin wən ˈneɪʃən ɔˈstreɪljə fərst ˈpɑrti (nsw*) ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ɔˈstreɪljən ˈkrɪsʧɪnz ˈfæməli fərst ˈpɑrti ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti (frɛd naɪl grup)
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228 ballots received out of a potential total of 1,282 (18%).
elections
gvt method: schulze
winners: 1 rankings australian greens australian sex party science party australian labor party (alp) renewable energy party help end marijuana prohibition (hemp) party secular party of australia nick xenophon team drug law reform party voluntary euthanasia party australian progressives online direct democracy - (empowering the people!) the arts party voteflux org upgrade democracy! australian equality party (marriage) bullet train for australia the australian mental health party socialist alliance animal justice party sustainable australia australian cyclists party australian motoring enthusiast party socialist equality party glenn lazarus team 21st century australia health australia party consumer rights & no-tolls australian defence veterans party non-custodial parents party (equal parenting) australian country party liberal democratic party mature australia party seniors united party of australia liberal party of australia derryn hinch's justice party jacqui lambie network australian antipaedophile party citizens electoral council of australia smokers rights party countryminded australian recreational fishers party democratic labour party (dlp) katter’s australian party shooters, fishers and farmers party palmer united party john madigan's manufacturing and farming party rise up australia party outdoor recreation party (stop the greens) australian liberty alliance country liberals (northern territory) national party of australia pauline hanson’s one nation australia first party (nsw) incorporated australian christians family first party christian democratic party (fred nile group)
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noʊ əˈfɛns tɪ ðə ˈprɑvədəns ˈsɪvɪk ˈsɛnər (naʊ ðə dunkin’*’ ˈdoʊˌnəts ˈsɛnər), ðə ˈkɛriər doʊm ər ðə ˈhɑrtfərd ˈsɪvɪk ˈsɛnər (naʊ ðə ˈsɛnər) bət ðə bɛst bɪg ist ˈtərnəmənts hæv ˈhæpənd æt ˈmædɪsən skwɛr ˈgɑrdən. ðɪs ɪz ðə streɪt ˈsizən ðə ˈkɑnfərəns həz hæd ðɛr ˈtʊrnəmənt æt ˈæftər ˈroʊˌteɪtɪŋ bɪtˈwin ðə θri əˈfɔrˌmɛnʃənd ˈbɪldɪŋz ɪn ðə fərst θri jɪr əv ɪgˈzɪstəns. ðə bɪg ist ˈtʊrnəmənt biɪŋ pleɪd æt ðə ˈgɑrdən ɪz ə faʊnˈdeɪʃənəl pɑrt əv ðə ˈhɪstəri. deɪv ˈgævɪt, ðə bɪg ˈfɑðər ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈprɑvədəns koʊʧ ənd æθˈlɛtɪk dɪˈrɛktər, hæd ə weɪ əv biɪŋ əˈhɛd əv hɪz taɪm. ə greɪt ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪz hɪz ˌɪnˈsɪstəns ðət ðə ˈnuli fɔrmd bɪg ist pleɪ ˈkɑnfərəns ˈtʊrnəmənt ɪn nyc*, ə ˈstɔri ˈriˌleɪd baɪ ˈfɔrmər bɪg ist kəˈmɪʃənər maɪk tɪ ˈbrɛndən ðɪs wik. ðə ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəriz ˈrumərz əv ðə bɪg dɪˈmaɪz ˈæftər riəˈlaɪnmənt ɪn 2013 wər ˈgreɪtli ˈoʊvərˈpleɪd, tɪ ˈpɛrəˌfreɪz mɑrk tweɪn. ðə lig gɑt 4 timz ˈɪntu ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt ɪn 2014 5 timz ˈɪntu ðə fild əv 68 ɪn 2015 ənd 6 timz ɪn 2016 nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən wən əv ðɛr skulz, ˌvɪləˈnoʊvə, ˈwɪnɪŋ ðə hoʊl dæm θɪŋ læst ˈeɪprəl. ˈmɛni hæv ɛz ˈmɛni ɛz ˈsɛvən bɪg ist skulz ɪn ðə 2017 ˈtʊrnəmənt, wɪʧ wʊd taɪ ə ˈrɛkərd fər haɪəst pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv wən lig wɪθ æt list 10 timz æt 70 ðə bɪg 12 gɑt 7 əv ðɛr 10 timz ˈɪntu ðə 2016 ˈtʊrnəmənt. ɔl əv ðə ˈmædnəs bɪˈgɪnz ðɪs wik æt wɛr ɔl tɛn timz frəm ðə bɪg ist wɪl bi ɪn ˈækʃən bɪˈgɪnɪŋ wɪθ ən ˌoʊldˈskul ˈmæʧəp bɪtˈwin st*. ənd ˈʤɔrʤˌtaʊn ɪn ðə geɪm æt ɛt ɔn ˈpɛrəti ɪz ə wərd bɪn juzd ˈplɛnti tɪ dɪˈskraɪb ðə ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˈsizən. waɪl ðət meɪ ɛnd əp biɪŋ ən ˈækjərət wɪθ ˈsimɪŋli noʊ ˈklɪrˌkət tɔp timz ˈgræbɪŋ ðə bʊl baɪ ðə hɔrnz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizən, ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs ðɪs wik æt 4 pɛn ˈplɑzə ʃʊd ˈfiʧər səm waɪld geɪmz ənd moʊst ˈlaɪkli ə fju ˈəpˌsɛts ɔn ðə weɪ tɪ ən ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ˈfaɪnəl ɔn fɑks æt ɛt ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. ðɛr ər noʊ ˌgɛrənˈtiz ðət ðə bɪg ist ˈtʊrnəmənt wɪl bi pleɪd æt bɪɔnd ðə 2026 ɪˈvɛnt, bət ˈtɪkɪt seɪlz hæv ˈsərtənli nɑt bɪn hərt baɪ ðə nu kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ticketiq.com*, ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ðət træks 90 əv ðə ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˈmɑrkɪt, ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈæskɪŋ praɪs fər ˈtɪkɪts ɔn ðə ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˈmɑrkɪt əˈkrɔs ɔl ˈsɛʃənz əv ðə 2017 bɪg ist ˈtʊrnəmənt ɪz 226 ənd ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt wɪn ˈtɪkɪts tɪ ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈsɛʃən kən bi hæd fər ɛz ˈlɪtəl ɛz 4 ə sit. hir ər ðə praɪər faɪv jɪrz ˈævərɪʤ ˈæskɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz: 2016 201 ˈævərɪʤ praɪs 2015 228 ˈævərɪʤ praɪs 2014 209 ˈævərɪʤ praɪs 2013 211 ˈævərɪʤ praɪs 2012 250 ˈævərɪʤ praɪs 2011 230 ˈævərɪʤ praɪs ðə ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˌsɛmɪˈfaɪnəlz ˈsɛʃən ɪz ˈkərəntli ðə moʊst ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈtɪkɪt, ˈævrɪʤɪŋ 269 pər ˈtɪkɪt. ɪt wʊd teɪk 60 ʤɪst tɪ gɪt ɪn ðə dɔr ɛz əv ðɪs ˈpoʊstɪŋ. ðət kʊd ʧeɪnʤ ʃʊd ðɛr bi ə bɪg ˈəpˌsɛt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ˈneɪmli ɪf ˌvɪləˈnoʊvə ˈluzɪz tɪ ˈiðər ˈzeɪvjər ər dɪˈpɔl. ðoʊ ɪf st*. ɪz ðə tim duɪŋ ðət ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr əpˈsɛtɪŋ ðɛn ðə ˈgɑrdən wʊd bi ˈrɑkɪŋ ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt. ˈwɛðər ju ər ə bɪˈlivər ɪn ðə bɪg ist ər nɑt, noʊ dɪˈnaɪɪŋ ðət ðɪs wik æt ˈmædɪsən skwɛr ˈgɑrdən ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst ˈspɛʃəl wiks əv ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈbæskətˌbɔl jɪr. wɪn ðə bɔl gɪts θroʊn əp ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt kˈwɪkli fərˈgɛt ðət ˈniðər ðə rɛd stɔrm nɔr ðə hæv ˈɛni hoʊps. ɪt wɪl bi ə bɪg ist ˈbætəl, ʤɪst laɪk ðə rɛst əv ðə geɪmz ˈivɪn ɪf ðə ˈʤərziz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər rɛd ““syracuse”*” ər ““connecticut”*”. gɪt ˈrɛdi, nu jɔrk ˈsɪti. ðə bɪg ist ˈtʊrnəmənt ɪz əˈpɑn ˈjuˈɛs. ˈfɑloʊ mi ɔn tˈwɪtər ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts laɪkt ɪt? teɪk ə ˈsɛkənd tɪ səˈpɔrt ɔn patreon*!
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no offense to the providence civic center (now the dunkin’ donuts center), the carrier dome or the hartford civic center (now the xl center) but the best big east tournaments have happened at madison square garden. this is the 35th straight season the basketball-focused conference has had their postseason tournament at msg after rotating between the three aforementioned buildings in the league’s first three year of existence. the big east tournament being played at the garden is a foundational part of the league’s history. dave gavitt, the big east’s father and former providence coach and athletic director, had a way of being ahead of his time. a great example is his insistence that the newly formed big east play it’s conference tournament in nyc, a story relayed by former big east commissioner mike tranghese to brendan mcgair this week.
the documentaries rumors of the big east’s demise after realignment in 2013 were greatly overplayed, to paraphrase mark twain. the league got 4 teams into the ncaa tournament in 2014, 5 teams into the field of 68 in 2015 and 6 teams in 2016, not to mention one of their schools, villanova, winning the whole damn thing last april. many bracketologists have as many as seven big east schools in the 2017 ncaa tournament, which would tie a record for highest percentage of one league with at least 10 teams at 70%. the big 12 got 7 of their 10 teams into the 2016 ncaa tournament.
all of the madness begins this week at msg where all ten teams from the big east will be in action beginning with an old-school matchup between st. john’s and georgetown in the 8/9 game at 7pm et on fs1. parity is a word that’s been used plenty to describe the 2016-17 ncaa basketball season. while that may end up being an accurate descriptor with seemingly no clear-cut top teams grabbing the bull by the horns during the regular season, the tournament taking place this week at 4 penn plaza should feature some wild games and most likely a few upsets on the way to an exciting final on fox at 5:30pm et on saturday.
there are no guarantees that the big east tournament will be played at msg beyond the 2026 event, but ticket sales have certainly not been hurt by the league’s new configuration. according to ticketiq.com, a website that tracks 90% of the secondary market, the average asking price for tickets on the secondary market across all sessions of the 2017 big east tournament is $226 and that includes wednesday night when tickets to the opening session can be had for as little as $4 a seat. here are the prior five years average asking prices:
2016: $201 average price
2015: $228 average price
2014: $209 average price
2013: $211 average price
2012: $250 average price
2011: $230 average price
the friday semifinals session is currently the most expensive ticket, averaging $269 per ticket. it would take $60 just to get in the door as of this posting. that could change should there be a big upset on thursday, namely if villanova loses to either xavier or depaul. though if st. john’s is the team doing that particular upsetting then the garden would be rocking on friday night.
whether you are a believer in the big east or not, there’s no denying that this week at madison square garden is one of the most special weeks of the college basketball year. when the ball gets thrown up on wednesday night you’ll quickly forget that neither the red storm nor the hoyas have any postseason hopes. it will be a big east battle, just like the rest of the games even if the jerseys no longer read “syracuse” or “connecticut”. get ready, new york city. the big east tournament is upon us.
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nu ˈdɛli: ə mɪˈstɪriəs faɪər æt ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈɛnərʤi kənˈsəltənt ʤeɪn, hu həz bɪn ərˈɛstɪd fər əˈlɛʤədli baɪɪŋ ˈstoʊlən ˈsikrɪt ˈdɑkjəmənts əv ðə ɔɪl ˈmɪnɪstri, həz ˈgətɪd "ˈæˌsɛts" ˌɪnˈsaɪd. ə deɪ ˈæftər ərˈɛst əv ɪts ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ʤeɪn ɪn ðə ˈkɔrpərət ˈɛspiənɑʤ skæm, ˈmɛtɪs ˈɛnərʤi ɔn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 19 sɛnt ən iˈmeɪl tɪ ɪts klaɪənts, seɪɪŋ ðə ˈdeɪli ˈnuzˌlɛtər ɔn ˈhæpənɪŋz ɪn ɔɪl gæs ənd paʊər ˈsɛktərz wɪl nɑt bi dɪˈlɪvərd fər nɛkst wən wik bɪˈkəz əv ə "faɪər" æt ɪts ə ˈmæsɪv faɪər hæd ˈbroʊkən aʊt æt ɑr ˈbɪznɪs ˈprɛmɪs ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ (ˈfɛbruˌɛri 18 wi wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ gɪt hoʊld əv ɪt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈdæmɪʤ həz bɪn kɔzd tɪ ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd ˈæˌsɛts ˌɪnˈsaɪd," ˈgʊptə sɛd ɪn ðə ɪz ˈlɪstɪd ɛz ðə ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈpərsən fər ˈdæʃˌbɔrd, wɪʧ dɪˈlɪvərz ðə ˈdeɪli ˈnuzˌlɛtər tɪ klaɪənts ˈviə iˈmeɪl, ɔn ðə ˈmɛtɪs ˈɛnərʤi kʊd nɑt bi ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ɛz hər ˈmoʊbəl foʊn wɑz swɪʧt ɔf ənd ˈɔfəs foʊnz ˈlɪstɪd ɔn ðə ˈmɛtɪs ˈwɛbˌsaɪt wər ˈiðər ˌdɪskəˈnɛktɪd ər nɑt wɑz ərˈɛstɪd əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈfɔrmər ˈʤərnəlɪst ɔn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 18 fər əˈlɛʤədli baɪɪŋ ˈstoʊlən ˈgəvərnmənt faɪlz frəm ə gæŋ əv faɪv ðət ˌɪnˈkludɪd tu ˈʤunjər ɔɪl ˈmɪnɪstri əˈfɪʃəlz, fər ˈpɛdəlɪŋ tɪ ðiz ˈsɛvən, faɪv ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz əv rɪˈlaɪəns ˈɪndəstriz, grup, kɛrn ˈɪndiə, ˈʤubələnt ˈɛnərʤi ənd rɪˈlaɪəns grup tu hæv bɪn tɪ ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈmɛtɪs ɪn meɪ 2009 ʤeɪn wərkt ɛz ˈmænɪʤər ˈbɪznɪs dɪˈvɛləpmənt æt ˈɛnərʤi, əˈnəðər ˈmɑrkɪt ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ənd ˈsɛktər spɪˈsɪfɪk nuz hɛdz indianpetro*, ə ˈsɪmələr ˈɪndəstri noʊ wən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ɛz soʊ fɑr bɪn dɪˈteɪnd baɪ pəˈlis, ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt həz bɪn riˈmuvd sɪns ðə skæm broʊk ˈfɔrwərd, aɪ rɪˈgrɛt tɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrm ju ðət wi woʊnt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ɑr ˈsərvɪsɪz fər əˈprɑksəmətli nɛkst wən wik," ˈmɛtɪs sɛd ɪn ðə ˈiˌmeɪl tɪ klaɪənts. "ɛz ə ˈtɛstəmənt tɪ ɑr straɪv fər pərˈfɛkʃən, wi hæv ˈteɪkən stɛps tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət wi bɪˈgɪn ɑr ˈsimləs ˈsərvɪsɪz ɛz sun ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz "ə ˈbeɪsɪk swit əv ˈɛnərʤi ˈmɑrkɪt ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, ˈɔfərɪŋ ðə ˈjuzər wɪθ ˈleɪtəst nuz ənd æˈnælɪsɪs, ˈtɛndərz ənd ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈəpˌdeɪts" ənd lɪsts 83 klaɪənts ɔn ɪts klaɪənts ˌɪnˈklud rɪˈlaɪəns ˈɪndəstriz, ˈtɑtɑ ˈprɑʤɛkts, ʃɛl, rolls-royce*, ˈrioʊ ˈtɪntoʊ, rɪˈlaɪəns paʊər, ongc*, ntpc*, ioc*, bæŋk, geɪl, ˈʃɛvrən, ənd ðə ˈaʊtˌsɛt, pliz əkˈsɛpt ɑr sɪnˈsɪr əˈpɑləˌʤiz fər ðə ˌɪnkənˈvinjəns ju meɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ ðə ˈnuzˌlɛtər təˈdeɪ (ˈfɛbruˌɛri 19 wi ˈtruli rɪˈspɛkt jʊr dip sɛns əv ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr, wi wɪl bi kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ prəˈvaɪd ju wɪθ ðə bɛst əv ˈsərvɪsɪz," ˈmɛtɪs roʊt.
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new delhi: a mysterious fire at the office of energy consultant prayas jain, who has been arrested for allegedly buying stolen secret documents of the oil ministry, has gutted "assets" inside.
a day after arrest of its chief executive jain in the corporate espionage scam, metis energy , on february 19, sent an email to its clients, saying the daily newsletter on happenings in oil & gas and power sectors will not be delivered for next one week because of a "fire" at its office."unfortunately a massive fire had broken out at our business premise yesterday (february 18). we were able to get hold of it, however, considerable damage has been caused to the building and assets inside," sonam gupta said in the email.gupta is listed as the contact person for dashboard, which delivers the daily newsletter to clients via email, on the metis energy website.she could not be contacted as her mobile phone was switched off and office phones listed on the metis website were either disconnected or not answered.jain was arrested along with former journalist santanu saikia on february 18 for allegedly buying stolen government files from a gang of five that included two junior oil ministry officials, for peddling to corporates.besides these seven, five executives of reliance industries, essar group, cairn india, jubilant energy and reliance anil dhirubhai ambani group too have been arrested.prior to starting metis in may 2009, jain worked as manager - business development at infraline energy, another metis-type market intelligence and sector specific news provider.saikia heads indianpetro, a similar industry newsletter.while no one associated with infraline as so far been detained by police, the website has been removed since the scam broke out."going forward, i regret to inform you that we won't be able to deliver our services for approximately next one week," metis said in the e-mail to clients. "as a testament to our strive for perfection, we have taken steps to ensure that we begin our seamless services as soon as possible."metis described itself as "a basic suite of energy market intelligence, offering the user with latest news and analysis, tenders and project updates" and lists 83 clients on its website.these clients include reliance industries, tata projects, shell, rolls-royce, rio tinto, reliance power, ongc, ntpc, ioc, icici bank, gail, chevron, essar and aditya birla group."at the outset, please accept our sincere apologies for the inconvenience you may experience with respect to the newsletter today (february 19)... we truly respect your deep sense of understanding and therefore, we will be committed to provide you with the best of services," metis wrote.
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ðɛr hæv bɪn ə ˈnəmbər əv əˈdɪʃənz sɪns ðə læst poʊst wɪn aɪ riˈlist ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈdɛmoʊ frəm nu ˈlɛvəlz tɪ əˈdɪʃənəl ˈfiʧərz. ðoʊz əv ju hu hæv wərkt wɪθ ˈjunɪti noʊ ðət ðə təreɪn ˈsɪstəm ɪz ˈfɛrli ˈlɪmɪtɪd. θæŋks tɪ ðə rɪˈlif təreɪn pæk fər təreɪn) ənd səm ˈklɛvər koʊd wərk tɪ sɛt ˈsərtən leɪərz tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr kəˈlɪʒənz wɪθ iʧ ˈəðər, aɪ naʊ hæv ˈtənəlz (ən ˈoʊldər ˈfiʧər) wɪθ ˈvɪzəbəl hoʊlz kət ɪn ðə təreɪn (ðə ˈaɪsɪŋ ɔn ðə keɪk) tɪ kəmˈplit ðə ˌɪˈluʒən. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, aɪ ˈædɪd ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ðə pæθ əv sɛd ˈtənəlz soʊ ðət ðə pleɪər kən si wɛr ðeɪ ər goʊɪŋ. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ wɑz əv ðə rəf ˈkɑnsɛpt ɪt həz sɪns bɪn klind əp tɪ ˌdɪfərˈɛnʧiˌeɪt wɔlz frəm flɔrz. haɪər kˈwɑləti ˈvərʒən kən bi faʊnd hir. ðə əˈbəv ɔˈrɛdi ʃoʊz wən əv ðə nu ˈlɛvəlz ˈædɪd, ˈʃoʊkeɪsɪŋ ðə mɛk, bət aɪ ˈædɪd əˈnəðər ˈlɛvəl wɪʧ wɪl teɪk pleɪs bɪtˈwin ðə fərst ˈlɛvəl (ˈhoʊmˌstɛd pleɪnz) ənd ðə ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər sin ˈhɑrbər) ˈfiʧərɪŋ boʊθ ðə ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər ənd ðə kreɪn. ðə əˈbʤɛktɪv hir ɪz tɪ ˈtrævərs θru ðə kˈwɔri pæθ ɔn ən ˌeɪˌtiˈvi (əˈnəðər nu ˈviɪkəl wɪθ noʊ ˈrɛkɪŋ paʊər bət greɪt təreɪn spid), flaɪ ðə ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər ˈoʊvər ðə gæp ənd ðɛn ““fish”*” ðə ˈbʊlˌdoʊzər aʊt əv ə hoʊld wɪθ ðə kreɪn. ðɪs wɪl gɪv ðə pleɪər ə mɔr rɪˈlækst ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ fəˈmɪljərˌaɪz ðɛmˈsɛlvz wɪθ ðə kənˈtroʊlz fər boʊθ ðə ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər ənd ðə kreɪn ɛz ðeɪ wɪl bi ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ɪn ˈhɑrbər (wɛr taɪm ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr ˈkruʃəl). ðɪs rikˈwaɪərz ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt. aɪ ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ðə wərld mæp tɪ ˈbɛtər ʃoʊ ðə əˈveɪləbəl pæθs tɪ iʧ əv ðə ˈlɛvəlz ɛz wɛl. ˈpriviəsli aɪ ˈænəˌmeɪtɪd ən ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪn ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ðə nɛkst əˈveɪləbəl node(s*), ˌhaʊˈɛvər naʊ aɪ ʤɪst ʃoʊ ə ˈstætɪk pæθ (ˈkɑnstəntli ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd fər ðoʊz hu spik ˈjunɪti). ˈfaɪnəli, drɔɪŋ ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən frəm ˈkɪlər ˈɪnstɪŋkt, maɪ moʊst ˈrisənt əˈdɪʃən ɪz ə ʧeɪn ˈkaʊntər wɪʧ ˈbɪldɪŋz dɪˈstrɔɪd wɪˈθɪn ə smɔl taɪm ˈpɪriəd. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt mɔr əv ə pleɪər ˈfidˌbæk ˈboʊnəs bət aɪ meɪ faɪnd ə weɪ tɪ taɪ ðɪs ɪn wɪθ ər ˈboʊnəsɪz. lʊk fər ə bɪld wɪθ ɔl əv ðiz nu ˈfiʧərz ənd ˈlɛvəlz wɪˈθɪn ðə nɛkst wik!
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there have been a number of additions since the last post when i released the public playable demo from new levels to additional features. those of you who have worked with unity know that the terrain system is fairly limited. thanks to the relief terrain pack (shaders for terrain) and some clever code work to set certain layers to ignore collisions with each other, i now have traversable tunnels (an older feature) with visible holes cut in the terrain (the icing on the cake) to complete the illusion.
additionally, i added the ability to highlight the path of said tunnels so that the player can see where they are going. the following gif was of the rough concept – it has since been cleaned up to differentiate walls from floors.
higher quality version can be found here.
the above already shows one of the new levels added, showcasing the fist-firing mech, but i added another level which will take place between the first level (homestead plains) and the helicopter scene (bayport harbor) featuring both the helicopter and the crane. the objective here is to traverse through the quarry path on an atv (another new vehicle with no wrecking power but great terrain speed), fly the helicopter over the gap and then “fish” the bulldozer out of a hold with the crane.
this will give the player a more relaxed opportunity to familiarize themselves with the controls for both the helicopter and the crane as they will be necessary in bayport harbor (where time is also more crucial).
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i updated the world map to better show the available paths to each of the levels as well. previously i animated an object in the direction of the next available node(s), however now i just show a static path (constantly updated linerenderer for those who speak unity).
finally, drawing inspiration from killer instinct, my most recent addition is a chain counter which tally’s buildings destroyed within a small time period. at this point it’s more of a player feedback bonus but i may find a way to tie this in with unlockables or bonuses.
look for a playable build with all of these new features and levels within the next week!
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"aɪ kən ˌriəˈʃʊr ˈdɑnəld trəmp ðət aɪ æm ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ɪˈlɛkʃənz ɪn oʊˈhaɪoʊ ənd nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ bi rɪgd," ˈhəstɪd toʊld ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn. ˈkɔlɪŋ ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈsɪstəm wən əv ðə əv əˈmɛrɪkən dɪˈmɑkrəsi," ˈhəstɪd sɛd, "wi ʃʊd nɑt bi kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ɪt ər ðə lɪˈʤɪtəməsi əv ɪt." hi ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ðɛr wɑz "noʊ ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən" fər ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˈvoʊtər frɔd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈhəstɪd sɛd ðət hi stɪl ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ voʊt fər trəmp dɪˈspaɪt biɪŋ "rɪˈmɔrsfəl ər rɪˈgrɛtfəl ðət hiz seɪɪŋ θɪŋz laɪk ðɪs, wɪʧ ˈrɪli ˈəndərˌmaɪn ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl hi həz ɛz ə ˈkænədɪt." hi sɛd hi hoʊpt ðət trəmp wʊd ʧeɪnʤ ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv hɪz kæmˈpeɪn ɪn ðə nɛkst fju wiks, "bət taɪm ɪz groʊɪŋ ʃɔrt," ˈhəstɪd sɛd. hi hæd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈspoʊkən aʊt əˈgɛnst trəmps rɪgd ɪˈlɛkʃən kleɪmz ðət hi meɪd tu mənθs əˈgoʊ. ɪn ˈɔgəst, ˈhəstɪd toʊld ðət "ˈdɑnəld trəmp ɪz rɔŋ wɪn hi tɔks əˈbaʊt ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən biɪŋ rɪgd." ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, ˈhəstɪd ˈtaʊtɪd ðə ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti əv ðə ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈprɔˌsɛs ənd toʊld ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz ðət ɪt wɑz "rɔŋ ənd ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ˌɪrəˈspɑnsəbəl ˈrɛtərɪk" fər ˈkænədɪts tɪ daʊt ðə lɪˈʤɪtəməsi əv ðə ɪˈlɛkʃənz wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛvədəns.
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"i can reassure donald trump that i am in charge of elections in ohio and they’re not going to be rigged," husted told cnn. calling the election system one of the "bedrocks of american democracy," husted said, "we should not be questioning it or the legitimacy of it."
he also said there was "no justification" for widespread voter fraud.
however, husted said that he still intended to vote for trump despite being "remorseful or regretful that he's saying things like this, which really undermine the potential he has as a candidate."
he said he hoped that trump would change the direction of his campaign in the next few weeks, "but time is growing short," husted said.
he had also spoken out against trump's rigged election claims that he made two months ago. in august, husted told cleveland.com that "donald trump is wrong when he talks about the election being rigged."
on monday, husted touted the integrity of the electoral process and told the new york times that it was "wrong and engaging in irresponsible rhetoric" for candidates to doubt the legitimacy of the elections without evidence.
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ˈləndən: ˈpækɪˌstæn praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ɑˈbɑsi həz sɛd ðət wɔr ɪz nɑt ən ˈɔpʃən wɪθ ˈɪndiə ənd ðət ˈoʊnli tɔks kən riˈzɑlv ɔl ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ˈɪʃuz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkæʃmɪr æˈdrɛsɪŋ ə ˈkɑnfərəns ɔn 'fˈjuʧər əv ˈpækɪˌstæn 2017 æt ðə ˈləndən skul əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks saʊθ ˈeɪʒə ˈsɛntər hir ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ɑˈbɑsi dɪˈskraɪbd ˈkæʃmɪr ɛz ə "kɔr ˈɪʃu" ənd sɛd riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ˈɪndiə wɪl rɪˈmeɪn tɛns ənˈtɪl ðət ɪz ɪz ðə kɔr ˈɪʃu wɪθ ˈɪndiə. ənˈtɪl ðət ɪz riˈzɑlvd, riˈleɪʃənz wɪl rɪˈmeɪn tɛns. wi ər ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈoʊpən tɪ tɔks æt ˈɛni ˈlɛvəl ənd tɔks ər ðə weɪ ˈfɔrwərd. wɔr ɪz nɑt ən ˈɔpʃən," ɑˈbɑsi ˈɪndiəz koʊld stɑrt ˈdɔktərɪn əˈməŋ ˈrisənt dɪˈvɛləpmənts, ɑˈbɑsi sɛd ˈpækɪˌstæn hæd ə "dɪˈtərrənt" ɪn hæv ə dɪˈtərrənt tɪ ðət (koʊld stɑrt ˈdɔktərɪn) bət aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk dɪˈtərənts wɛr boʊθ saɪdz ər ˈnukliər paʊərz ɪz ə səˈluʃən tɪ ˈɛni ˈprɑbləm. ðə ˈoʊnli səˈluʃən ɪz kənˈtɪnjud tɔks," ðə ˌpækɪˈstæni ˈlidər noted.he*, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪkˈsprɛst ˈlɪtəl hoʊp əv ˈɛni sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈmuvmənt wɪθ tɔks bɪtˈwin ðə ˈkəntriz ɛz boʊθ ər priˈpɛrd fər ɪˈlɛkʃənz ˈpækɪˌstæn nɛkst jɪr ənd ˈɪndiə ðə jɪr ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən əv ə greɪt ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli mɪˈspleɪst," ɑˈbɑsi ˈɔlsoʊ dɪsˈmɪst ˈɛni səˈpɔrt fər ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈkæʃmɪr ɔn ðə graʊnd, waɪl æˈdrɛsɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz frəm ˈstudənts æt ðə ˈkɑnfərəns ɔn hæv nɑt sin səˈpɔrt fər ðət ˈkɑnsɛpt (ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈkæʃmɪr). ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ɪz ˈfloʊtɪd ˈɔfən bət ɪt ˈrɪli həz noʊ ˈbeɪsɪs ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti. ðə səˈluʃən laɪz wɪθ ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈkaʊnsəl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən ðət ðə ˈpipəl ər ˈgɪvɪn ðə raɪt əv dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən," hi said.abbasi*, hu tʊk ʧɑrʤ əv ðə ˌpækɪˈstæni ˈgəvərnmənt ɪn ˈɔgəst ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə dɪskˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃən əv ðə ʃərˈif lɛd pml(n*) ˈgəvərnmənt baɪ ðə ˈkəntriz səˈprim kɔrt sɛd ðət waɪl ðɛr wɑz "ˈnɛvər ə dəl ˈmoʊmənt ɪn ˈpækɪˌstænz pəˈlɪtɪkəl laɪf", ðə ˈkəntri həz əˈʧivd ə ˈlɛvəl əv stəˈbɪlɪti dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈʧælənʤɪz ðət ˈsɛntrəl ˈmɛsɪʤ əv hɪz ˈkiˌnoʊt ˈæˌdrɛs æt ðə ˈkɑnfərəns wɑz ðət ðə wərld məst ækˈnɑlɪʤ ˈpækɪˌstæn ɛz ðə ˈkəntri ˈfaɪtɪŋ "ðə ˈlɑrʤəst wɔr ɔn ˈtɛrər ɪn ðə ɪz ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈtɛrər fər ðə wərld ənd wi ər kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈfaɪtɪŋ ðɪs ˈmɛnɪs," hi ə sˈnæpˌʃɑt əv ðə ˈkəntriz ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi ənd riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ˈgloʊbəl paʊərz, ɑˈbɑsi kleɪmd ðət ðɛr wɑz ə ˈgreɪtər ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ˈpækɪˌstænz roʊl ɪn ðə wɔr ɔn ˈtɛrər ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ənd ðət taɪz məst nɑt bi sin ˈoʊnli θru ðə ˈprɪzəm əv æfˈgænəˌstæn.
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london: pakistan prime minister shahid khaqan abbasi has said that war is not an option with india and that only talks can resolve all outstanding issues including kashmir addressing a conference on 'future of pakistan 2017' at the london school of economics ' south asia centre here on saturday, abbasi described kashmir as a "core issue" and said relations with india will remain tense until that is resolved."kashmir is the core issue with india. until that is resolved, pakistan-india relations will remain tense. we are always open to talks at any level and talks are the way forward. war is not an option," abbasi said.highlighting india's cold start doctrine among recent developments, abbasi said pakistan had a "deterrent" in place."we have a deterrent to that (cold start doctrine) but i don't think deterrents where both sides are nuclear powers is a solution to any problem. the only solution is continued talks," the pakistani leader noted.he, however, expressed little hope of any significant movement with talks between the countries as both are prepared for elections - pakistan next year and india the year after."any expectation of a great initiative is probably misplaced," abbasi said.he also dismissed any support for an independent kashmir on the ground, while addressing questions from students at the lse conference on saturday."i have not seen support for that concept (independent kashmir). this is something that is floated often but it really has no basis in reality. the solution lies with the security council resolution that the people are given the right of determination," he said.abbasi, who took charge of the pakistani government in august following the disqualification of the nawaz sharif led pml(n) government by the country's supreme court , said that while there was "never a dull moment in pakistan's political life", the country has achieved a level of stability despite the challenges that remain.the central message of his keynote address at the conference was that the world must acknowledge pakistan as the country fighting "the largest war on terror in the world"."pakistan is fighting terror for the world and we are committed to fighting this menace," he asserted.giving a snapshot of the country's foreign policy and relations with global powers, abbasi claimed that there was a greater understanding of pakistan's role in the war on terror in the us and that pakistan-us ties must not be seen only through the prism of afghanistan.
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ɛz wi ɪnʧ ˈkloʊzər tɪ ðə deɪ wɪn wi kən goʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ənd baɪ ˈpərsɪnəl ˈroʊˌbət ˈsərvənts (ənd, pərˈhæps, ən ˌɪnsərˈɛkʃən ɪn wɪʧ ðiz seɪm teɪk ˈoʊvər), wərθ ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt wət ðiz məˈʃinz ʃʊd lʊk laɪk. ˈfɔrʧənətli, ɔˈrɛdi ə ˈstədi wɪθ ə fju aɪˈdiəz: ˈʤɔrʤə ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv skul əv saɪˈkɑləʤi ɪz prɪˈzɛntɪŋ rɪˈzəlts əv ə ˈstədi ðɪs wik ðət ɪkˈsplɔrz ˈwɛðər tu grups əv ˈpipəl (jəŋ ˈædəlts ənd ˈsinjər ˈsɪtɪzənz) prɪˈfər ə ˈroʊˌbət wɪθ ə mɔr ˈjumən ər məˈkænɪkəl feɪs, ər ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn bɪtˈwin. ðə rɪˈzəlts ər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ, ɛz ðeɪ rɪˈvil nɑt ʤɪst ˈdɪfərənt ˈprɛfərənsɪz fər iʧ eɪʤ grup bət ˈɔlsoʊ fər ðə ʤɑb ðə ˈroʊˌbət ɪz maɪt ˈɔfər səm ˈɪnˌsaɪts fər haʊ tɪ dɪˈzaɪn mɔr ədˈvænst ˈroʊˌbəts ðət ˈpipəl wɪl fil ˈkəmfərtəbəl ˈjuzɪŋ. ˈrisərʧərz faʊnd ðət, ˈʤɛnərəli, ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənts ˈsərˌveɪd prɪˈfərd ˈfeɪsɪz ðət lʊk mɔr ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk, waɪl ˈoʊldər ˈstədi pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈgrævəˌteɪtɪd təˈwɔrd ˈfeɪsɪz. ðɛr ˈprɛfərənsɪz ʧeɪnʤd ˈsəmˈwət dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn wət ðə ˈroʊˌbət wɑz ˈhɛlpɪŋ wɪθ, ðoʊ. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, fər hɛlp ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒənz (laɪk ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ), ˈjəŋgər ˈpipəl prɪˈfərd ə feɪs wɪθ ən lʊk. ðə ˈstədi ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ðət fər ə ˈroʊˌbət ðət kʊd hɛlp wɪθ ˈpərsɪnəl kɛr (laɪk ˈteɪkɪŋ ə bæθ), ˈpipəl ˈsərˌveɪd ˈiðər ˈwɔntɪd ɪt tɪ lʊk ˈvɛri ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk tɪ prɪˈzərv ðɛr ˈpraɪvəsi ər ɪkˈstrimli ˈjumən sɪns ðət wʊd meɪk ðə ˈroʊˌbət sim mɔr ˈkɛrɪŋ ər ˈtrəstˌwərði. ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi simd tɪ kɛr wət ə ˈroʊˌbət ðət hɛlpt wɪθ ʧɔrz lʊkt laɪk, ˌhaʊˈɛvər. ðə ˈpeɪpər, ˈrɪtən baɪ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənt prɑˈkɑʃ ənd saɪˈkɑləʤi prəˈfɛsər ˈwɛndi ˈrɑʤərz, ɪz biɪŋ pərˈzɛnəd æt ðə ˈænjuəl ˈmitɪŋ əv ðə ˈjumən ˈfæktərz ənd ˌərgəˈnɑmɪks soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪn sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ðɪs wik.
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as we inch closer to the day when we can go online and buy personal robot servants (and, perhaps, an insurrection in which these same robo-workers take over), it’s worth thinking about what these machines should look like.
fortunately, there’s already a study with a few ideas: georgia institute of technology’s school of psychology is presenting results of a study this week that explores whether two groups of people (young adults and senior citizens) prefer a robot with a more human or mechanical face, or something in between.
the results are interesting, as they reveal not just different preferences for each age group but also for the job the robot is assigned–which might offer some insights for how to design more advanced robots that people will feel comfortable using.
researchers found that, generally, the majority of college students surveyed preferred faces that look more robotic, while older study participants gravitated toward human-like faces.
their preferences changed somewhat depending on what the robot was helping with, though. for example, for help in making decisions (like investing), younger people preferred a face with an in-between human/robot look. the study also found that for a robot that could help with personal care (like taking a bath), people surveyed either wanted it to look very robotic to preserve their privacy or extremely human since that would make the robot seem more caring or trustworthy. nobody seemed to care what a robot that helped with chores looked like, however.
the paper, written by graduate student akanksha prakash and psychology professor wendy rogers, is being presented at the annual meeting of the human factors and ergonomics society in san diego this week.
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ˈhɑrvəst, æl fər 14 ˈsizənz, ðə ˈhəntsvɪl ˈhævək hæv wərkt təˈwɔrd ˈbɪldɪŋ ə strɔŋ ˈhɑki tim ənd ˌɛnərˈteɪnɪŋ ðɛr fænz. ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ðə pleɪərz ənd stæf əv nɔrθ ˌæləˈbæməz prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈhɑki ˈfrænˌʧaɪz ʃoʊd ðɛr ˈgrætəˌtud æt ˈspɑrkmən haɪ skul baɪ ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪŋ tɪ wərld əv wərk ə ˈproʊˌgræm ˈhɛlpɪŋ tiʧ ˈvæljəbəl skɪlz tɪ ˈspɛʃəl nidz ˈstudənts frəm ɔl faɪv haɪ skulz ɪn ðə ˈmædɪsən ˈkaʊnti skul ˈsɪstəm. "wi kɔl ˈhəntsvɪl ənd ˈmædɪsən ˈkaʊnti hoʊm fər ə gʊd ˈrizən," sɛd kleɪ ˈkoʊlmən, vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈhævək. "ðɪs ɪz ə juˈnik kəmˈjunɪti ðət həz ɛmˈbreɪst ˈjuˈɛs ənd wi ər ˈgreɪtfəl fər ðət. ðə ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti əv ɑr fænz əˈlaʊz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ səˈpɔrt ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈkɔzɪz, ˈjuzɪŋ ɑr pəˈzɪʃən tɪ hɛlp wɛr wi kən." fər θri jɪrz, ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz həz wərkt ˈsaɪdbaɪˈsaɪd wɪθ ˈstudənts ɪn ðə wərld əv wərk ˈproʊˌgræm, ˈhævɪŋ ðɛm kəm tɪ ðə ˈɔfəsɪz æt list wəns ə wik ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhɛlpɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd ðə sinz ˈdʊrɪŋ geɪmz. "ðɪs ɔl ˈstɑrtɪd wɪn wən əv ðɛr ˈstudənts əˈsɪstɪd ɑr ɪkˈwɪpmənt ˈmænɪʤər ə fju jɪrz əˈgoʊ," sɛd kleɪ ˈkoʊlmən, vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈhævək ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən. "ɪt həz groʊn sɪns ðɛn ənd wi hæv fɔrmd ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðiz kɪdz. ðeɪ ˈnidɪd ə ʧæns tɪ ʃoʊ wət ðeɪ kən du, ənd ðeɪ hæv ˈpruvən ðɛmˈsɛlvz. pləs, ðɛr ʤɪst ə ʤɔɪ tɪ bi əraʊnd." ðə ˈproʊˌgræm həz bɪn ɪn skulz fər ˈnɪrli tu ˈdɛkeɪdz, ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ˈspɛʃəl nidz ˈstudənts tɪ hɛlp ðɛm trænˈzɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə ˈwərkˌfɔrs ˈæftər skul. θri jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ðə ˈmædɪsən ˈkaʊnti skul ˈsɪstəm riˈvaɪtəˌlaɪzd ðə ˈproʊˌgræm, ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ skulz tɪ wərk wɪθ ˈbɪznɪsɪz ənd kriˈeɪt ə ˈnɛtˌwərk fər ˈstudənts tɪ lərn frəm ðə kəmˈjunɪti ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ lɪv. "ɪts ˈbrɛθˌteɪkɪŋ tɪ si ðiz kɪdz ˈblɑsəm ənd ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət, ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ ˈstrəgəl ɪn skul, ðeɪ kən dɪˈvɛləp wɪn ˈgɪvɪn ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti," sɛd ˈsɪndi ˈstænli, trænˈzɪʃən ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈtiʧər wɪθ ˈmædɪsən ˈkaʊnti skulz ənd ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzər əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. "wi traɪ tɪ priˈpɛr ðɛm fər laɪf ˈæftər skul." ðə ˈbɪznɪsɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈbɛnəfɪt baɪ ˈhævɪŋ ðə wərld əv wərk ˈstudənts spɛnd taɪm wɪθ ɪmˈplɔɪiz. "ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wɪn ðiz ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk kɪdz kəm ɪn ðə dɔr, ˈigər tɪ lərn," sɛd ˈstænli. "ɛz ðə ɪmˈplɔɪiz tiʧ ðiz kɪdz əˈbaʊt ðɛr ʤɑbz, ɪt riˈmaɪndz ðɛm əv ðə ˈvælju əv wət ðeɪ du. ɪts mˈjuʧuəli ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl" ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈsizən, ðə ˈhævək wɪl ˌpiriˈɑdɪkəli ˈɔkʃən ɔf ˈspɛʃəl ˈʤərziz ˈæftər ˈhɑki geɪmz. ðə prəˈsidz wɪl goʊ tɪ ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈʧɛrɪtiz. ðə ˈʤərziz ˈkoʊlmən wɔr wɪʧ bɛr hɪz ˈnɪkˌneɪm "frik ˈdædi" wər ə pɑrt əv ðoʊz ˈɔkʃənz. ˈtudeɪz doʊˈneɪʃən wɑz ə ˌkəlməˈneɪʃən əv læst ˈsizənz ˈɔkʃən prəˈsidz frəm hɪz ˈʤərzi əˈloʊn. "ɪn ˈtudeɪz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈklaɪmɪt, wi ɔl ər traɪɪŋ tɪ du mɔr wɪθ lɛs," sɛd ˈstænli. "wi hæv ðə səˈpɔrt əv ðə skul, bət ðɛr ɪz ˈoʊnli soʊ məʧ ˈfəndɪŋ əˈveɪləbəl. wi ər soʊ ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ hæv ðə ˈhævək wərk wɪθ ɑr kɪdz ənd ðɛr fænz hɛlp ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli. ðɪs doʊˈneɪʃən ɪz ʤɪst əˈbəv ənd bɪɔnd!" wət ˈstænli ˈdɪdənt noʊ wɪn ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋz ˈproʊˌgræm ˈstɑrtɪd wɑz ðət ðə doʊˈneɪʃən wɑz əˈbaʊt tɪ bi ˈdəbəld. ˈkoʊlmən ˈɔfən spiks əˈbaʊt ðə ˈvælju əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ ðə timz ˈkɔrpərət ˈpɑrtnərz. tu əv ðoʊz ˈkəmpəˌniz ʤɔɪnd ˈfɔrsɪz ənd mæʧt ðə doʊˈneɪʃən meɪd baɪ ðə ˈhævək. ˈwɪndoʊ wərld əv ˈhəntsvɪl ənd ˈkəstəm kəˈlɪʒən ənd rɪˈpɛr ˈsɛnər iʧ kənˈtrɪbjutɪd ən əˈdɪʃənəl ˈdəbəlɪŋ ðə ˈhɑki timz doʊˈneɪʃən. "wi ʤɪst ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd 40 jɪrz ɪn ˈbɪznɪs hir," sɛd ˈtoʊni ˈwɔkər, ˈoʊnər ənd ˈprɛzɪdənt əv. "ðɪs kəmˈjunɪti həz bɪn soʊ gʊd tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ənd wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ gɪt ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ə gʊd kɔz. ɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ wɪθ kleɪ, wi θɔt ðɪs wɑz ˈdɛfənətli ə ˈwərði kɔz ənd wi lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ənd ˈmeɪbi ˈivɪn ɪmˈplɔɪɪŋ səm əv ðiz kɪdz ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər." ˈkoʊlmən rɪˈmɑrkt əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪmˈpækt ðə wərld əv wərk ˈstudənts hæv ɔn ðə pleɪərz ənd stæf. "wi ˈɔfən hir ðə tərm ˈspɛʃəl nidz," sɛd ˈkoʊlmən. "ðiz kɪdz ər ˈspɛʃəl tɪ ˈjuˈɛs, bət ɪts wi hu nid ðɛm. ðeɪ brɪŋ ə pərˈspɛktɪv əv ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm ənd ʤɔɪ ənd ðeɪ brɪŋ soʊ məʧ laɪt wɪn ðeɪ kəm ɪn tɪ ɑr ˈɔfəsɪz." "æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ, ɪt ˈbɛnəfɪts ˈjuˈɛs ʤɪst baɪ ˈhævɪŋ ðɛm ɪn ɑr lɪvz."
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harvest, al – for 14 seasons, the huntsville havoc have worked toward building a strong hockey team and entertaining their fans.
this morning, the players and staff of north alabama's professional hockey franchise showed their gratitude at sparkman high school by donating $6,000 to world of work – a program helping teach valuable skills to special needs students from all five high schools in the madison county school system.
"we call huntsville and madison county home for a good reason," said clay coleman, vice president of the havoc. "this is a unique community that has embraced us and we are grateful for that. the generosity of our fans allows us to support important causes, using our position to help where we can."
for three years, the franchise has worked side-by-side with students in the world of work program, having them come to the offices at least once a week and also helping behind the scenes during games.
"this all started when one of their students assisted our equipment manager a few years ago," said clay coleman, vice president of the havoc organization. "it has grown since then and we have formed a relationship with these kids. they needed a chance to show what they can do, and they have proven themselves. plus, they're just a joy to be around."
the program has been in schools for nearly two decades, working with special needs students to help them transition into the workforce after school. three years ago, the madison county school system revitalized the program, encouraging schools to work with businesses and create a network for students to learn from the community in which they live.
"it's breathtaking to see these kids blossom and realize that, even if they struggle in school, they can develop when given an opportunity," said cindy stanley, transition services teacher with madison county schools and organizer of the program. "we try to prepare them for life after school."
the businesses also benefit by having the world of work students spend time with employees.
"the atmosphere changes when these enthusiastic kids come in the door, eager to learn," said stanley. "as the employees teach these kids about their jobs, it reminds them of the value of what they do. it's mutually beneficial"
during a season, the havoc will periodically auction off special jerseys after hockey games. the proceeds will go to a variety of charities. the jerseys coleman wore – which bear his nickname "freak daddy" -- were a part of those auctions. today's donation was a culmination of last season's auction proceeds from his jersey alone.
"in today's economic climate, we all are trying to do more with less," said stanley. "we have the support of the school, but there is only so much funding available. we are so grateful to have the havoc work with our kids and their fans help financially. this donation is just above and beyond!"
what stanley didn't know when this morning's program started was that the donation was about to be doubled.
coleman often speaks about the value of the program to the team's corporate partners. two of those companies joined forces and matched the donation made by the havoc. window world of huntsville and rod's custom collision and repair center each contributed an additional $3,000 – doubling the hockey team's donation.
"we just celebrated 40 years in business here," said tony walker, owner and president of rod's. "this community has been so good to us and we wanted to get involved with a good cause. in talking with clay, we thought this was definitely a worthy cause and we look forward to working with and maybe even employing some of these kids in the future."
coleman remarked about the impact the world of work students have on the players and staff.
"we often hear the term special needs," said coleman. "these kids are special to us, but it's we who need them. they bring a perspective of enthusiasm and joy and they bring so much light when they come in to our offices."
"at the end of the day, it benefits us just by having them in our lives."
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(ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn) ˈænθɔˌni reɪ ˈhɪntən ɪz ˈθæŋkfəl tɪ bi fri ˈæftər ˈnɪrli 30 jɪrz ɔn ˌæləˈbæməz dɛθ roʊ fər ˈmərdərz hi sɪz hi ˈdɪdənt kəˈmɪt. ənd ˌɪnˈkrɛʤələs ðət ɪt tʊk soʊ lɔŋ. ˈhɪntən, 58 lʊkt əp, tʊk ɪn ðə ˈsənˌʃaɪn ənd θæŋkt gɑd ənd hɪz ˈlɔjərz ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈkaʊnti ʤeɪl ɪn ˈbərmɪŋˌhæm, ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ˈteɪkɪŋ hɪz fərst stɛps ɛz ə fri mæn sɪns 1985 hi spoʊk əv ənˈʤəstli ˈluzɪŋ θri ˈdɛkeɪdz əv hɪz laɪf, ˈəndər fɪr əv ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən, fər ˈsəmθɪŋ hi ˈdɪdənt du. "ɔl ðeɪ hæd tɪ du wɑz tɪ tɛst ðə gən, bət wɪn ju θɪŋk jʊr haɪ ənd ˈmaɪti ənd jʊr əˈbəv ðə lɔ, ju doʊnt hæv tɪ ˈænsər tɪ ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi," ˈhɪntən toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz. "bət aɪv gɑt nuz fər ju ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ðət pleɪd ə pɑrt ɪn ˈsɛndɪŋ mi tɪ dɛθ roʊ, ju wɪl ˈænsər tɪ gɑd." ʤɪst wɔʧt hu gɪts ðə dɛθ ˈpɛnəlti? riˈpleɪ mɔr ˈvɪdioʊz məst wɔʧ hu gɪts ðə dɛθ ˈpɛnəlti? ˈʤɛfərsən ˈkaʊnti ˈsərkət kɔrt ʤəʤ ˈlɔrə ˈpɛtroʊ hæd ˈɔrdərd ˈhɪntən riˈlist ˈæftər ˈgrænɪŋ ðə steɪts ˈmoʊʃən tɪ dɪsˈmɪs ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst ɪm. ˈhɪntən wɑz kənˈvɪktəd əv ˈmərdər ɪn ðə 1985 dɛθs əv tu birmingham-area*, ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈmænɪʤərz, ʤɑn ˈdeɪvɪdsən ənd ˈtɑməs weɪn vason*. bət ə nu traɪəl wɑz ˈɔrdərd ɪn 2014 ˈæftər ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz ˈɛkspərts ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd 12 jɪrz ˈərliər ðət ðə rɪˈvɑlvər ˈhɪntən wɑz sɛd tɪ hæv juzd ɪn ðə kraɪmz kʊd nɑt bi mæʧt tɪ ˈɛvədəns ɪn ˈiðər keɪs, ənd ðə tu ˈkɪlɪŋz ˈkʊdənt bi lɪŋkt tɪ iʧ ˈəðər. ðə steɪt ðɛn dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ðə keɪs. ˈhɪntən wɑz 29 æt ðə taɪm əv ðə ˈkɪlɪŋz ənd hæd ˈɔlˌweɪz meɪnˈteɪnd hɪz ˈɪnəsəns, sɛd ðə ˈikwəl ˈʤəstɪs ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ə grup ðət hɛlpt wɪn hɪz riˈlis. "reɪs, ˈpɑvərti, ˌɪˈnædəkˌweɪt ˈligəl əˈsɪstəns, ənd ˌprɑsɪkjuˈtɔriəl ˌɪnˈdɪfərəns tɪ ˈɪnəsəns kənˈspaɪərd tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈtɛkstˌbʊk ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs," braɪən ˈstivənsən, ðə grups ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər ənd lɛd əˈtərni, sɛd əv hɪz ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən klaɪənt. "aɪ kænt θɪŋk əv ə keɪs ðət mɔr ˈərʤəntli ˈdræməˌtaɪzɪz ðə nid fər rɪˈfɔrm ðən wət həz ˈhæpənd tɪ ˈænθɔˌni reɪ ˈhɪntən." ˈstivənsən sɛd ðə "rɪfˈjuzəl əv steɪt ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz tɪ ðɪs keɪs dɪˈspaɪt pərsˈweɪsɪv ənd rɪˈlaɪəbəl ˈɛvədəns əv ˈɪnəsəns ɪz ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪŋ ənd ˈtrəbəlɪŋ." drɛst ɪn ə dɑrk sut ənd blu ʃərt, ˈhɪntən preɪzd gɑd fər hɪz riˈlis, seɪɪŋ hi wɑz sɛnt "nɑt ʤɪst ə ˈlɔjər, bət ðə bɛst ˈlɔjərz." hi sɛd hi wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ preɪ fər ðə ˈfæməliz əv ðə ˈmərdər ˈvɪktɪmz. boʊθ hi ənd ðoʊz ˈfæməliz hæv ˈsəfərd ə mɪˈskɛrəʤ əv ˈʤəstɪs, hi sɛd. "fər ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs ðət seɪ ðət wi bɪˈliv ɪn ˈʤəstɪs, ðɪs ɪz ðə keɪs tɪ stɑrt ʃoʊɪŋ, bɪˈkəz aɪ ˈʃʊdənt hæv (sæt) ɔn dɛθ roʊ fər 30 jɪrz," hi sɛd. ˈhɪntən wɑz əˈkəmpənid ˈfraɪˌdeɪ baɪ tu əv hɪz ˈsɪstərz, wən əv hum stɪl lɪvz ɪn ðə ˈbərmɪŋˌhæm ˈɛriə. ˈəðər ˈsɪblɪŋz wɪl flaɪ tɪ ðə ˈɛriə tɪ si ɪm sun, ˈstivənsən sɛd. hɪz ˈməðər, wɪθ hum hi lɪvd æt ðə taɪm əv hɪz ərˈɛst, ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈlɪvɪŋ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈlɔjər. ˈhɪntən plænd tɪ spɛnd æt list ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd æt ðə hoʊm əv ə kloʊz frɛnd. hi wɪl mit wɪθ hɪz əˈtərniz ˈmənˌdeɪ tɪ stɑrt ˈplænɪŋ fər hɪz ˌɪˈmiˌdiət nidz, səʧ ɛz əbˈteɪnɪŋ aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən ənd ˈgɪtɪŋ ə hɛlθ ˈʧɛˌkəp, ˈstivənsən sɛd. ðə plæn naʊ ɪz tɪ spɛnd ə fju wiks tɪ gɪt ˈɔriˌɛntɪd wɪθ ˈfridəm ənd "sɔrt aʊt wət hi wɔnts tɪ du," ˈstivənsən sɛd.
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(cnn) anthony ray hinton is thankful to be free after nearly 30 years on alabama's death row for murders he says he didn't commit.
and incredulous that it took so long.
hinton, 58, looked up, took in the sunshine and thanked god and his lawyers friday morning outside the county jail in birmingham, minutes after taking his first steps as a free man since 1985.
he spoke of unjustly losing three decades of his life, under fear of execution, for something he didn't do.
"all they had to do was to test the gun, but when you think you're high and mighty and you're above the law, you don't have to answer to nobody," hinton told reporters.
"but i've got news for you -- everybody that played a part in sending me to death row, you will answer to god."
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jefferson county circuit court judge laura petro had ordered hinton released after granting the state's motion to dismiss charges against him.
hinton was convicted of murder in the 1985 deaths of two birmingham-area, fast-food restaurant managers, john davidson and thomas wayne vason.
but a new trial was ordered in 2014 after firearms experts testified 12 years earlier that the revolver hinton was said to have used in the crimes could not be matched to evidence in either case, and the two killings couldn't be linked to each other.
the state then declined to re-prosecute the case.
hinton was 29 at the time of the killings and had always maintained his innocence, said the equal justice initiative , a group that helped win his release.
"race, poverty, inadequate legal assistance, and prosecutorial indifference to innocence conspired to create a textbook example of injustice," bryan stevenson, the group's executive director and hinton's lead attorney, said of his african-american client. "i can't think of a case that more urgently dramatizes the need for reform than what has happened to anthony ray hinton."
stevenson said the "refusal of state prosecutors to re-examine this case despite persuasive and reliable evidence of innocence is disappointing and troubling."
dressed in a dark suit and blue shirt, hinton praised god for his release, saying he was sent "not just a lawyer, but the best lawyers."
he said he will continue to pray for the families of the murder victims. both he and those families have suffered a miscarriage of justice, he said.
"for all of us that say that we believe in justice, this is the case to start showing, because i shouldn't have (sat) on death row for 30 years," he said.
hinton was accompanied friday by two of his sisters, one of whom still lives in the birmingham area. other siblings will fly to the area to see him soon, stevenson said.
his mother, with whom he lived at the time of his arrest, is no longer living, according to the lawyer.
hinton planned to spend at least this weekend at the home of a close friend. he will meet with his attorneys monday to start planning for his immediate needs, such as obtaining identification and getting a health checkup, stevenson said.
the plan now is to spend a few weeks to get oriented with freedom and "sort out what he wants to do," stevenson said.
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gæŋ əv mɛn 'hu grumd jəŋ gərlz fər sɛks droʊv ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd ˈvɪktɪm, 14 tɪ ðə wʊdz æt naɪt ənd θˈrɛtənd tɪ kət hər hɛd ɔf' naɪn mɛn grumd ənd əˈbjuzd ˈvəlnərəbəl gərlz, kɔrt hirz ˈʤʊri toʊld ðeɪ juzd 'ɪkˈstrim ˈfɪzɪkəl ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈvaɪələns' gərlz ˈgɪvɪn soʊ ˈmɛni drəgz ðət ðeɪ wər 'ˈbɛrli əˈwɛr', ɪts kleɪmd wən gərl sɛd ʃi wɑz fɔrst tɪ ˈæftər hoʊm əˈbɔrʃən ðə əˈbjuz wɑz əˈlɛʤd tɪ hæv ˈteɪkən pleɪs ˈoʊvər eɪt jɪrz gərlz ɛz jəŋ ɛz 11 wər grumd ənd reɪpt baɪ ə ʧaɪld sɛks rɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ soʊld tɪ əˈbjuzərz əˈkrɔs ˈbrɪtən, ə kɔrt hərd ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. naɪn mɛn, ˈmoʊstli əv ˈeɪʒən ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ, bɪˈfrɛndɪd ˈvəlnərəbəl gərlz wɪθ gɪfts əv pərfˈjum, ˈælkəˌhɑl ənd drəgz ˌbiˈfɔr səˈbʤɛktɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ə 'ˈlɪvɪŋ hɛl' fər eɪt jɪrz. ðə sɪks gərlz wər səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ 'ɪkˈstrim ˈfɪzɪkəl ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈvaɪələns' waɪl ðeɪ wər rɪˈpitɪdli reɪpt baɪ ˈnumərəs əˈbjuzərz. skroʊl daʊn fər ˈvɪdioʊ ɪn ðə dɑk frəm ɛl tɪ ɑr: jamil*, ˈæktər dogar*, dogar*, əˈsɑd huˈseɪn, moʊˈhæmɪd, ə karra*, moʊˈhæmɪd ti huˈseɪn feɪs ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz əv ˈgrumɪŋ ənd əˈbjuzɪŋ ˈvəlnərəbəl gərlz frəm ðə eɪʤ əv 11 ɔl dɪˈnaɪ ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz ðə gæŋ, frəm ðə ˈɑksfərd ˈɛriə, 'ˈæktɪvli ˈtɑrgətɪd' gərlz frəm 'ˈtrəbəld' ənd ðoʊz hu lɪvd ɪn kɛr hoʊmz, ðə oʊld ˈbeɪli hərd. wən ˈvɪktɪm bɪˈkeɪm ˈprɛgnənt baɪ wən əv hər əˈtækərz wɪn ʃi wɑz 11 ər 12 wɪn gæŋ ˈmɛmbər moʊˈhæmɪd dɪˈskəvərd ʃi wɑz ˈprɛgnənt hi juzd ən ˈɪnstrəmənt tɪ pərˈfɔrm ən əˈbɔrʃən ɔn hər, ɪt wɑz əˈlɛʤd. ðə əˈtækərz juzd naɪvz, mit ənd ˈbeɪsˈbɔl bæts tɪ ˌɪnˈflɪkt səˈvɪr peɪn ɔn ðə gərlz fər ðɛr tˈwɪstɪd ˈplɛʒər. ɔn ˈəðər ɔˈkeɪʒənz ðə gərlz wər ˈbɪtən, skræʧt, ˈsəfəˌkeɪtɪd, taɪd əp, ˈbitən ənd bərnt wɪθ ˌsɪgəˈrɛts. ðə mɛn ər sɛd tɪ hæv fɛd ðə gərlz ˈkoʊpiəs əˈmaʊnts əv drəgz soʊ ðət ðeɪ bɪˈkeɪm mɔr kəmˈplɪsət tɪ ðɛr diˈpreɪvd dɪˈmændz. 'æt fərst ðeɪ meɪd hər fil ˈspɛʃəl baɪ peɪɪŋ hər ðə əˈtɛnʃən ʃi dɪd nɑt rɪˈsiv æt hoʊm... ɪt wɑz ən ækt əv ˈgrumɪŋ, ðə mɛn ˈhævɪŋ ˈriəˌlaɪzd ʃi wɑz ə ˈvəlnərəbəl gərl, wər ˈtɑrgətɪŋ hər fər ðɛr oʊn ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈpərpəsɪz.' ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər noʊɛl ˈlukəs æt taɪmz ðə gərlz wər soʊ 'ˈweɪstɪd' ðeɪ 'wər ˈbɛrli əˈwɛr əv wət wɑz goʊɪŋ ɔn' ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə əˈbjuz. mɛn wʊd ˈtrævəl tɪ ˈɑksfərd 'ˈɔfən baɪ əˈpɔɪntmənt' frəm ɛz fɑr əˈfild ɛz ˈbrædfərd, lidz, ˈləndən ənd sləf 'spəˈsɪfɪkli tɪ əˈbjuz jəŋ gərlz' ɪn hoʊˈtɛlz ənd ˈpraɪvət ˈhaʊsɪz. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə gərlz wər ˈteɪkən tɪ taʊnz ənd ˈsɪtiz səʧ ɛz ˈləndən ənd wɛr ðeɪ wər soʊld fər sɛks. ðiz mɛn ˈɔlsoʊ səˈbʤɛktɪd ðɛm tɪ 'hjuˈmɪliˌeɪtɪŋ ənd dɪˈgreɪdɪŋ' ˈlɛvəlz əv əˈbjuz, ˈlivɪŋ ðə gərlz wɪθ səˈvɪr ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˈɪnʤəriz. ðə gæŋ ˈɔfən stʊd gɑrd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə rum waɪl gərlz wər biɪŋ əˈbjuzd ənd θˈrɛtənd tɪ kɪl ðɛm ənd ðɛr ˈfæməliz ɪf ðeɪ traɪd tɪ ɪˈskeɪp, ðə kɔrt hərd. wən gərl, hu wɑz ʤɪst 12 wɪn ʃi wɑz grumd, bɪˈkeɪm soʊ ɛnsˈleɪvd tɪ ðə gæŋ ðət ʃi ˈivɪn fərˈgɑt ɪt wɑz hər ˈbərθˌdeɪ wɪn ʃi wɑz wɪθ ðə mɛn. ˈleɪtər ʃi ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ tɪ 'teɪk əˈweɪ ðə hərt' ənd toʊld hər ˈməðər: 'aɪ meɪ ɛz wɛl bi dɛd.' ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə keɪs ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ noʊɛl ˈlukəs,, ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪŋ, sɛd: 'məʧ əv wət ðə gərlz wər fɔrst tɪ ɪnˈdʊr wɑz pərˈvərtɪd ɪn ðə ɪkˈstrim. 'ðiz dɪˈfɛndənts, ənd ðə ˈəðərz wɪθ hum ðeɪ ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd, ʃoʊd ðə kəmˈpleɪnənts ˈlɪtəl ər noʊ ˈjumən ˈdisənsi ər kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən. ðə ˈʤʊri əv ˈsɛvən mɛn ənd faɪv ˈwɪmən æt ðə oʊld ˈbeɪli wər toʊld 'stil ˈjɔrsɛlf' fər ðə ˈɛvədəns ðeɪ wər tɪ hir 'ðɛr ˈkɑndəkt təˈwɔrdz ðiz ˈvɛri jəŋ ənd ˈvəlnərəbəl gərlz wɑz wɪθ ˈtoʊtəl ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑrd tɪ ˈɛni ˈmɔrəl ˌɪnəˈbɪʃənz ɛz tɪ ðɛr oʊn ˈkɑndəkt. ðə dɪˈprævəti əv wət ðə gərlz wər fɔrst tɪ ɪnˈdʊr wɑz ɪkˈstrim.' ðə mɛn dɪd ðɪs 'fər ðɛr oʊn ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌgrætəfəˈkeɪʃən ənd fər ðə ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌgrætəfəˈkeɪʃən əv ˈəðər mɛn,' hi ˈædɪd. jamil*, 27 ˈæktər dogar*, 32 dogar*, 30 əˈsɑd huˈseɪn, 32 moʊˈhæmɪd, 38 ˈbæsəm, 26 moʊˈhæmɪd huˈseɪn, 24 ˈɑmɛd, 27 ənd ˈɑmɛd, 26 feɪs ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 79 ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst ðɛm. ðiz ˌɪnˈklud ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv ʧaɪld reɪp, ˈtræfɪkɪŋ fər ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən, ərˈeɪnʤɪŋ ər fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪŋ ʧaɪld ˌprɑstəˈtuʃən ənd ˈjuzɪŋ ən ˈɪnstrəmənt wɪθ ˌɪnˈtɛnt tɪ proʊˈkjʊr ə mɪˈskɛrəʤ. ɪt tʊk ˈɔlˌmoʊst hæf ən aʊər fər ɔl ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz tɪ bi rɛd tɪ ðə ˈʤʊri. ðə traɪəl hərd haʊ ðɛr wər ˈmɛni mɔr əˈlɛʤd əˈbjuzərz ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðoʊz ɪn ðə dɑk. ˈmɪstər ˈlukəs toʊld ðə ˈʤʊri əv ˈsɛvən mɛn ənd faɪv ˈwɪmən tɪ 'stil ˈjɔrsɛlf' fər ðə 'ˈhaɪli ənˈplɛzənt ənd dɪˈstrɛsɪŋ' ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˈɛvədəns ðeɪ wər tɪ hir. hi ˈædɪd: 'ðə ˈɛvədəns wɪl ʃoʊ ðət ðiz gərlz wər ˈtɑrgətɪd prɪˈsaɪsli bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wər jəŋ. 'ðə gərlz hu wər ˈʧoʊzən ˈʤɛnərəli hæd ˈtrəbəld ənd ənˈsɛtəld hoʊm lɪvz. ðə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən meɪd ɪt lɛs ˈlaɪkli ðət ˈɛniˌwən wʊd bi ˈɛksərˌsaɪzɪŋ ˈɛni ˈnɔrməl pərˈɛntəl kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ðɛm ər ˌɪnˈdid kip ə ˈkɛrfəl aɪ aʊt fər ðɛm.' ˈmɪstər ˈlukəs sɛd ðə gərlz wər 'ənˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈɛvər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈɛkˌstrækt ðɛmˈsɛlvz frəm [ðə əˈbjuz], lɛt əˈloʊn kəmˈpleɪn əˈbaʊt ɪt'. ənd ɪf ðeɪ dɪd kəmˈpleɪn ɪt wɑz ənˈlaɪkli ðeɪ wʊd bi bɪˈlivd 'ɪn vju əv wət ˈəðərz wʊd pərˈsiv ɛz ðɛr dɪˈlɪŋkwənt ˈkɑndəkt'. ˈmɪstər ˈlukəs ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt tɪ ðə ˈʤʊri ðət ðə gərlz ˈtɑrgətɪd baɪ ðə mɛn wər ʤɪst ˈʧɪldrən. dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ðə əˈlɛʤd əˈbjuz ˈsəfərd baɪ wən ˈvɪktɪm, hi sɛd: 'wɪn ɪt ˈstɑrtɪd ʃi wɑz 11 jɪrz oʊld. ɪt wɛnt ɔn ənˈtɪl ʃi wɑz 15 hi sɛd ðə mɛn wʊd keɪm əˈkrɔs ðə gərlz wɪn ðeɪ wər aʊt ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ər pleɪɪŋ truənt. ðə gərlz wər ɪn kɛr hoʊmz ənd səm əv ðɛm hæd bɪn ˈsɛkʃuəli ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtəd baɪ ˈəðər mɛn ˌbiˈfɔr. ðɛr 'ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəl ənd pərˈsɪstənt' əˈbjuz ɪz əˈlɛʤd tɪ hæv ˈteɪkən pleɪs bɪtˈwin meɪ 2004 ənd ˈərli 2012 ɔl ðə dɪˈfɛndənts dɪˈnaɪ ɔl ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz. ðə traɪəl, wɪʧ ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ læst ənˈtɪl ˈeɪprəl, kənˈtɪnjuz.
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gang of men 'who groomed young girls for sex drove terrified victim, 14, to the woods at night and threatened to cut her head off'
nine men groomed and abused vulnerable girls, court hears
jury told they used 'extreme physical and sexual violence'
girls given so many drugs that they were 'barely aware', it's claimed
one girl said she was forced to miscarry after home abortion
the abuse was alleged to have taken place over eight years
girls as young as 11 were groomed and raped by a child sex ring before being sold to abusers across britain, a court heard yesterday.
nine men, mostly of asian heritage, befriended vulnerable girls with gifts of perfume, alcohol and drugs before subjecting them to a 'living hell' for eight years.
the six girls were subjected to 'extreme physical and sexual violence' while they were repeatedly raped by numerous abusers.
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in the dock from l to r: kamar jamil, akhtar dogar, anjun dogar, assad hussain, mohammed karrar, bassan a karra, mohammed t hussain face accusations of grooming and horrifically abusing vulnerable girls from the age of 11. all deny the charges
the gang, from the oxford area, 'actively targeted' girls from 'troubled upbringings' and those who lived in care homes, the old bailey heard.
one victim became pregnant by one of her attackers when she was 11 or 12.
when gang member mohammed karrar discovered she was pregnant he used an instrument to perform an abortion on her, it was alleged.
the attackers used knives, meat cleavers and baseball bats to inflict severe pain on the girls for their twisted pleasure.
on other occasions the girls were bitten, scratched, suffocated, tied up, beaten and burnt with cigarettes.
the men are said to have fed the girls copious amounts of drugs so that they became more complicit to their depraved demands.
'at first they made her feel special by paying her the attention she did not receive at home... it was an act of grooming, the men having realised she was a vulnerable girl, were targeting her for their own sexual purposes.' prosecutor noel lucas qc
at times the girls were so 'wasted' they 'were barely aware of what was going on' during the abuse.
men would travel to oxford 'often by appointment' from as far afield as bradford, leeds, london and slough 'specifically to abuse young girls' in hotels and private houses. sometimes the girls were taken to towns and cities such as london and bournemouth where they were sold for sex.
these men also subjected them to 'humiliating and degrading' levels of abuse, leaving the girls with severe internal injuries.
the gang often stood guard outside a room while girls were being abused and threatened to kill them and their families if they tried to escape, the court heard.
one girl, who was just 12 when she was groomed, became so enslaved to the gang that she even forgot it was her 15th birthday when she was with the men.
later she started to self-harm to 'take away the hurt' and told her mother: 'i may as well be dead.'
opening the case yesterday noel lucas, qc, prosecuting, said: 'much of what the girls were forced to endure was perverted in the extreme.
'these defendants, and the others with whom they operated, showed the complainants little or no human decency or consideration.
the jury of seven men and five women at the old bailey were told 'steel yourself' for the evidence they were to hear
'their conduct towards these very young and vulnerable girls was with total disregard to any moral inhibitions as to their own conduct. the depravity of what the girls were forced to endure was extreme.'
the men did this 'for their own sexual gratification and for the sexual gratification of other men,' he added.
kamar jamil, 27, akhtar dogar, 32, anjum dogar, 30, assad hussain, 32, mohammed karrar, 38, bassam karrar, 26, mohammed hussain, 24, zeeshan ahmed, 27, and bilal ahmed, 26, face a total of 79 charges against them.
these include allegations of child rape, trafficking for sexual exploitation, arranging or facilitating child prostitution and using an instrument with intent to procure a miscarriage.
it took almost half an hour for all the charges to be read to the jury. the trial heard how there were many more alleged abusers in addition to those in the dock.
mr lucas told the jury of seven men and five women to 'steel yourself' for the 'highly unpleasant and distressing' nature of the evidence they were to hear. he added: 'the evidence will show that these girls were targeted precisely because they were young.
'the girls who were chosen generally had troubled upbringings and unsettled home lives. the combination made it less likely that anyone would be exercising any normal parental control over them or indeed keep a careful eye out for them.'
mr lucas said the girls were 'unlikely to be ever able to extract themselves from [the abuse], let alone complain about it'.
and if they did complain it was unlikely they would be believed 'in view of what others would perceive as their delinquent conduct'.
mr lucas pointed out to the jury that the girls targeted by the men were just children.
describing the alleged abuse suffered by one victim, he said: 'when it started she was 11 years old. it went on until she was 15.'
he said the men would came across the girls when they were out drinking or playing truant.
the girls were in care homes and some of them had been sexually exploited by other men before.
their 'intentional and persistent' abuse is alleged to have taken place between may 2004 and early 2012.
all the defendants deny all the charges.
the trial, which is expected to last until april, continues.
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juz. ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ˈlɪsənz ɛz juz. fərst ˈleɪdi mɪˈʃɛl ˌoʊˈbɑmə (nɑt ˈpɪkʧərd) spiks ˈdʊrɪŋ ə kæmˈpeɪn ˈræli ɪn winston-salem*, nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə, juz. ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 27 2016 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən (ˈrɔɪtərz) ˈdɛməˌkræt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən meɪnˈteɪnd hər ˈnɛroʊ lɛd ˈoʊvər rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈraɪvəl ˈdɑnəld trəmp ɪn ðə juz. ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl reɪs ʤɪst deɪz əˈhɛd əv ðə noʊv. 8 ɪˈlɛkʃən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ tu poʊlz riˈlist ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. ə nu jɔrk poʊl əv ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈvoʊtərz faʊnd ˈklɪntən əˈhɛd baɪ 3 pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts, æt ðə kəsp əv ðə ɔkt. 28-nov*. 1 ˈmɑrʤən əv ˈɛrər əv pləs ər ˈmaɪnəs 3 pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts. ə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊl ʃoʊd ˈklɪntən 2 pərˈsɛnɪʤ pɔɪnts əˈhɛd əˈməŋ ˈlaɪkli ˈvoʊtərz ˈsərˌveɪd ɔkt. 29 noʊv. 1 ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ hæd ə pɔɪnt ˈmɑrʤən əv ˈɛrər.
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u.s. democratic presidential candidate hillary clinton listens as u.s. first lady michelle obama (not pictured) speaks during a campaign rally in winston-salem, north carolina, u.s. on october 27, 2016. reuters/carlos barria/file photo
washington (reuters) - democrat hillary clinton maintained her narrow lead over republican rival donald trump in the u.s. presidential race just days ahead of the nov. 8 election, according to two polls released on thursday.
a new york times/cbs poll of 1,333 registered voters found clinton ahead by 3 percentage points, at the cusp of the oct. 28-nov. 1 survey’s margin of error of plus or minus 3 percentage points. a washington post/abc poll showed clinton 2 percentage points ahead among 1,767 likely voters surveyed oct. 29 - nov. 1. it also had a 3-percentage point margin of error.
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baɪ 9 ˈsænə ˈklɛrə, ˈkælɪf. ə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈrisərʧər kɔld fər dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ɛz ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ ə ˈsɛntrəl ɪˈlɛktrɪk juˈtɪləti æt ə ˈmitɪŋ əv ðə ˈiθərˌnɛt əˈlaɪəns hir. ɪn ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt tɔk, ə ˈgugəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr prəˈpoʊzd weɪz tɪ loʊər paʊər kənˈsəmʃən fər ˈnɔrdmən, ən ˈɛnərʤi ˈænəlɪst æt ˈlɔrəns ˈbərkli læb, kɔld fər ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ə nu klæs əv ˈjuzɪŋ ˈstændərd ˈiθərˌnɛt ˈkætəˌgɔri 5 ˈkeɪbəlz. ðə smɔl grɪdz kʊd teɪk ˈsɛvərəl fɔrmz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl hət ɪn ə pur ˈvɪlɪʤ ðət ˈjuzɪz ə ˈsoʊlər ˈpænəl ər kɑr ˈbætəri tɪ səˈplaɪ ˈɛnərʤi θru ɪts hoʊm ənd pərˈhæps tɪ ɪts wi kʊd hæv ən ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər wɛr ˈpipəl kən ˈseɪfli dɪˈlɪvər paʊər ənd ˈmænɪʤ ɪt, wi kʊd du ə lɔt tɪ ˌɪnˈkris kˈwɑləti əv life,*, ˈnɔrdmən toʊld ə ˈgæðərɪŋ əv əˈbaʊt 100 ˈiθərˌnɛt əˈlaɪəns ˈmɛmbərz. nɑt lɛt ˈiθərˌnɛt bi ðə weɪ tɪ dɪˈlɪvər it,*, hi ɛz səm ˈpipəl wɛnt frəm ˈhævɪŋ noʊ foʊn tɪ ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈsɛlfoʊn, ðeɪ meɪ goʊ dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ˈhævɪŋ dɪˈstrɪbjətəd, ˈbaɪˌpæsɪŋ ɑr ˈlɛgəsi ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈsɛntrəl grids,*, hi sɛd. æm nɑt prəˈpoʊzɪŋ ˈgɪtɪŋ rɪd əv ðə ˈsɛntrəl grɪd, aɪ ʤɪst θɪŋk ɪt kʊd bi lɛs crucial,*, hi kʊd juz ɔl dɪˈrɛkt ˈkɑrənt paʊər ənd ðəs ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ðə nid fər ˈɛnərʤi ˈweɪstɪŋ kənˈvərʒənz. ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt kʊd bi əˈplaɪd ɪn dɪˈvɛləpt ˈkəntriz ɛz wɛl, ˈlɪŋkɪŋ ˈrufˌtɑp ˈsoʊlər ˈpænəlz ɔn ə hoʊm θru ˈgeɪtˌweɪz tɪ hoʊm dɪˈstrɪbjətəd grɪdz wʊd nid weɪz tɪ træk, ˈmænɪʤ ənd peɪ fər ˈɛnərʤi. ˈnɔrdmən sɛd ðə ɪz dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ eman*, ə ˈproʊtəˌkɔl fər ˈtrækɪŋ ənd rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ paʊər juz ˈoʊvər ˈiθərˌnɛt ðət kʊd bɪˈkəm ə faʊnˈdeɪʃən fər ˈɛvəri ˈnoʊtˌbʊk kəmˈpjutər təˈdeɪ ɪz ə nanogrid* bɪˈkəz ɪt prəˈvaɪdz paʊər θru tɪ pərˈɪfərəlz, hi ˈnoʊtɪd. wi ɔˈrɛdi meɪk gʊd juz əv təˈdeɪ, ənd wi kʊd meɪk ˈbɛtər juz əv them,*, hi laɪts kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ kæt 5 ˈkeɪbəlz ər ˈɔlsoʊ kəˈmərʃəli əˈveɪləbəl, hi fɑr ər ʤɪst ə ˈkɑnsɛpt. ʤɪst traɪɪŋ tɪ sɛl ðə aɪˈdiə tɪ gɪt mɔr ˈpipəl ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn it,*, ˈnɔrdmən sɛd. laɪk tɪ ʃoʊ ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ ˈdɛˌmoʊz ˈpʊtɪŋ təˈgɛðər ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt wʊd bi ə ˈpaʊərfəl nɛkst step,*, hi ə ˈgugəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr prəˈpoʊzd weɪz tɪ meɪk ˈnɛtˌwərk sˈwɪʧɪz ɪn ə ˈdætə ˈsɛnər mɔr paʊər ɪˈfɪʃənt. ðə ˈsɪstəmz ər ˈkərəntli əˈməŋ ðə ˈpurɪst ˈdætə ˈsɛnər dɪˈvaɪsɪz ɪn ˈjuzɪŋ paʊər əˈʤəst əˈkrɔs əˈbaʊt 70 pərˈsɛnt əv ðɛr paʊər reɪnʤ ənd stɪl əˈkɑmplɪʃ ˈminɪŋfəl wərk, sɛd bɑb ˈfɛldərmən, ə ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr ɪn ˈplætˌfɔrm ˈnɛtˌwərkɪŋ æt ˈkɑntræst, ˈdiˌræmz ˈɔpərˌeɪt ˈoʊvər əˈbaʊt 50 pərˈsɛnt əv ðɛr paʊər reɪnʤ, hɑrd draɪvz ˈoʊnli 25 pərˈsɛnt ənd ˈnɛtˌwərk sˈwɪʧɪz ɛz ˈlɪtəl ɛz 15 pərˈsɛnt. ˈnɛtˌwərk stændz aʊt laɪk ə sɔr thumb,*, sɛd ər ˈlʊkɪŋ nɑt fər steɪts, bət loʊər paʊər steɪts wɛr ˈsɪstəmz stɪl gɪt θɪŋz done,*, hi sɛd. ɑr ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈjunəˌvərs, laɪk tɪ sloʊ daʊn tɪ 10 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə lɪŋk spid ənd juz 10 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə power,*, hi dɪz ˈrɛlətɪvli wɛl hir, ˈskeɪlɪŋ daʊn ɛz ˈnidɪd tɪ fjuər, sloʊər lɪŋks ənd ˈseɪvɪŋ paʊər. ləv tɪ si ðət wɪθ ethernet,*, hi dɪˈskraɪbd ə ˈrisərʧ ˈpeɪpər ðət prəˈpoʊzd ə ˈsoʊˈkɔld ɪˈlæstɪk tri wɛr ˈnɛtˌwərks kən bi riˈmoʊtli ˈmænɪʤd tɪ kənˈsɑlɪˌdeɪt ˈtræfɪk ɔn fjuər laɪnz, ˈʃətɪŋ sˈwɪʧɪz ɔn ənd ɔf ɛz needed.currently*, ˈgugəl ɪz ɛkˈspɛrəˌmɛntɪŋ wɪθ ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˌɪˈnɪʃəli dɪˈvɛləpt æt ˈstænfərd fər ˈvɛri ˈæktɪvli ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn kənˈtroʊl əv ɑr nɛts fər ˈtræfɪk management,*, hi sɛd. nɛkst stɛp wʊd bi tɪ ˈlɛvərɪʤ ðiz ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz fər ˈɛnərʤi efficiency,*, hi ˈædɪd.
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santa clara, calif. a government researcher called for distributed nanogrids as an alternative to a central electric utility at a meeting of the ethernet alliance here. in a separate talk, a google engineer proposed ways to lower power consumption for networking.bruce nordman, an energy analyst at lawrence berkeley lab, called for engineers to define a new class of nanogrids using standard ethernet category 5 cables. the small grids could take several forms including an individual hut in a poor village that uses a solar panel or car battery to supply energy through its home and perhaps to its neighbor.if we could have an infrastructure where people can safely deliver power and manage it, we could do a lot to increase peoples quality of life, nordman told a gathering of about 100 ethernet alliance members. why not let ethernet be the way to deliver it, he said.just as some people went from having no phone to having a cellphone, they may go directly to having distributed nanogrids, bypassing our legacy expensive central grids, he said. i am not proposing getting rid of the central grid, i just think it could be less crucial, he added.nanogrids could use all direct current power and thus eliminate the need for energy wasting conversions. the concept could be applied in developed countries as well, linking rooftop solar panels on a home through gateways to home appliances.the distributed grids would need ways to track, manage and pay for energy. nordman said the ietf is developing eman, a protocol for tracking and reporting power use over ethernet that could become a foundation for nanogrid protocols.really every notebook computer today is a nanogrid because it provides power through usb to peripherals, he noted. so we already make good use of nanogrids today, and we could make better use of them, he said.ceiling lights connected to cat 5 cables are also commercially available, he noted.so far nanogrids are just a concept. im just trying to sell the idea to get more people working on it, nordman said. id like to show functioning demos putting together installations with different productsthat would be a powerful next step, he said.separately a google engineer proposed ways to make network switches in a data center more power efficient. the systems are currently among the poorest data center devices in using power proportionally.todays cpus adjust across about 70 percent of their power range dynamically and still accomplish meaningful work, said bob felderman, a principal engineer in platform networking at google.by contrast, drams operate over about 50 percent of their power range, hard drives only 25 percent and network switches as little as 15 percent. the network stands out like a sore thumb, said felderman.we are looking not for on/off states, but lower power states where systems still get things done, he said. in our perfect universe, wed like to slow down to 10 percent of the link speed and use 10 percent of the power, he added.infiniband does relatively well here, scaling down as needed to fewer, slower links and saving power. id love to see that with ethernet, he said.he described a research paper that proposed a so-called elastic tree where networks can be remotely managed to consolidate traffic on fewer lines, shutting switches on and off as needed.currently, google is experimenting with the openflow technology initially developed at stanford for software-defined networkswere very actively working on openflow control of our nets for traffic management, he said. the next step would be to leverage these capabilities for energy efficiency, he added.
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gɪt ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈstɔriz baɪ iˈmeɪl səbˈskraɪb θæŋk ju fər səbˈskraɪbɪŋ wi hæv mɔr ˈnuzˌlɛtərz ʃoʊ mi si ɑr ˈpraɪvəsi ˈnoʊtɪs kʊd nɑt səbˈskraɪb, traɪ əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl ˈdərbi ˈkaʊnti hæv ˈɪʃud ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm bæn tɪ ə fæn hu ˈʃɛfild juˈnaɪtɪd ˈstraɪkər ˈbɪli ʃɑrp wɪθ ə vaɪl ˈmɛsɪʤ əˈbaʊt ðə dɛθ əv hɪz ˈɪnfənt sən. ʃɑrps sən, ˈʤeɪkəb, daɪd ʤɪst tu deɪz ˈæftər biɪŋ bɔrn ɪn leɪt ɑkˈtoʊbər 2011 frəm gastroschisis*, wɪʧ əˈfɛkts əraʊnd 1 ɪn ˈbeɪbiz ɪn ðə uk*. ə troʊl ˈpoʊstɪd ə riˈpəlsɪv ˈmɛsɪʤ ˈæftər ʃɑrp skɔrd ðə fərst aʊt əv tu goʊlz fər juˈnaɪtɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈvɪktəri əˈgɛnst ˈdərbi ˈkaʊnti ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. ðə tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnt, ˈəndər ðə neɪm əv ˈʤɔrdən bərn, ˈʃɑkɪŋli roʊt 'dɛd sən'. ɪt ðɛn ˈfɑloʊd ɪt əp wɪθ 'ˈbɪli ʃɑrps sən ɪz dɛd' ˈæftər biɪŋ kənˈfrəntɪd baɪ əˈnəðər tˈwɪtər ˈjuzər. ʃɑrp, 31 rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ hɪz ˈtɔrˌmɛntər baɪ tweeting*: "doʊnt ˈjɔrsɛlf naʊ ju hæv meɪd ðə ˈkɑmɛnts". (ˈɪmɪʤ: rɔs parry/swns*) ˈdərbi ˈkaʊnti vaʊd tɪ teɪk swɪft ˈækʃən ənd əˈfɪʃəlz trækt daʊn ðə fæn ənd ˈɪntərvˌjud ɪm. ə ˈsteɪtmənt frəm ðə ræmz sɛd: "kləb əˈfɪʃəlz təˈdeɪ trækt daʊn ˈʤɔrdən bərn ənd ˈɪntərvˌjud ɪm rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə wɪʧ mɑkt ðə dɛθ əv ˈmɪstər ˈɪnfənt sən, ˈʤeɪkəb. "bərn ədˈmɪtəd ðət hi wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə poʊsts wɪʧ wər ˈpəblɪʃt ˈæftər geɪm æt leɪn. "waɪl hi əˈpɑləˌʤaɪzd fər hɪz ˈækʃənz, ˈdərbi ˈkaʊnti stænd fərm ðət bɪˈheɪvjər əv ðɪs ˈneɪʧər ɪz ɪnˈtaɪərli ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl ənd rikˈwaɪərz strɔŋ ˈækʃən. "ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛntli, ðə kləb həz ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm bæn ɔn ðɪs ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl wɪʧ prɪˈvɛnts ɪm əˈtɛndɪŋ ˈɛni ˈdərbi ˈkaʊnti geɪmz hoʊm ənd əˈweɪ wɪθ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈifɛkt. "ˈdərbi ˈkaʊnti kənˈdɛmz ɔl fɔrmz əv əˈbjuz ənd wɪl ækt kˈwɪkli tɪ ˈpənɪʃ ˈɛnibədi hu ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðɪs taɪp əv ˈgroʊsli əˈfɛnsɪv bɪˈheɪvjər." ˈæftər ðə stɔrm ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkɑmɛnts, bərn meɪd hɪz ˈpraɪvət ənd riˈmuvd hɪz ˈproʊˌfaɪl ˈpɪkʧər, ˌbiˈfɔr ðə əˈkaʊnt wɑz dɪˈlitəd kəmˈplitli. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə əˈkaʊnt ˈleɪtər ˌriəˈpɪrd, wɪθ ðə əˈfɛndɪŋ dɪˈlitəd, ənd ən əˈpɑləˌʤi ˈpoʊstɪd. ʃɑrp ənd waɪf ʤeɪd ʃɑrp sɛt əp ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən ɪn ˈmɛməri, tɪ səˈpɔrt ənd fənd ˈrisərʧ fər gastroschisis*.
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derby county have issued a lifetime ban to a fan who trolled sheffield united striker billy sharp with a vile message about the death of his infant son.
sharp's son, luey jacob, died just two days after being born in late october 2011 from gastroschisis, which affects around 1 in 3,000 babies in the.
a troll posted a repulsive message after sharp scored the first out of two goals for united during a 3-1 victory against derby county on saturday.
the twitter account, under the name of jordan byrne, shockingly wrote 'dead son'.
it then followed it up with 'billy sharp's son is dead' after being confronted by another twitter user.
sharp, 31, responded to his tormentor by tweeting: "don't s*** yourself now you have made the comments".
(image: ross parry/swns)
derby county vowed to take swift action and officials tracked down the fan and interviewed him.
a statement from the rams said: "club officials today tracked down jordan byrne and interviewed him regarding the tweets which mocked the death of mr sharp’s infant son, luey jacob.
"byrne admitted that he was responsible for the posts which were published after saturday’s game at bramall lane.
"while he apologised for his actions, derby county stand firm that behaviour of this nature is entirely unacceptable and requires strong action.
"consequently, the club has imposed a lifetime ban on this individual which prevents him attending any derby county games home and away with immediate effect.
"derby county condemns all forms of abuse and will act quickly to punish anybody who is responsible for this type of grossly offensive behaviour."
after the storm over the comments, byrne made his private and removed his profile picture, before the account was deleted completely.
however, the account later reappeared, with the offending tweets deleted, and an apology posted.
sharp and wife jade sharp set up the ljs foundation in luey's memory, to support and fund research for gastroschisis.
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kəˈmərʃəl ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz wɪl bi ˈjuzɪŋ ˈaɪtəmz ðət ər nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli əv ðə ˈstændərd ju wɪl ɪnˈkaʊnər ɪn ðə ənd ðɪs meɪ dɪˈstɔrt jʊr pərˈfɔrməns waɪlst practising*. skrin vjuz meɪ bi ˈdɪfərənt ənd kəˈmərʃəl ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz ər ənˈlaɪkli tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ðə nu ˈaɪtəm taɪps wɪʧ ju meɪ ɪnˈkaʊnər ɪn jʊr tɛst. ðeɪ meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ nɑt ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt ðə ˈskɔrɪŋ ənd ˈbændɪŋ ˈækjərətli ənd meɪ gɪv mɪsˈlidɪŋ ˈɪndəˌkeɪtərz əv jʊr ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd skɔr." bʊks ənd ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz ər ækˈnɑlɪʤd tɪ bi ˈhɛlpfəl, wɪθ ðə əˈfɪʃəl gaɪd ənd ðɛr ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈkɔʃənɪŋ ðət ˈoʊnli ˈrisəntli ˈpəblɪʃt ər ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ˈrisɔrsɪz ʃʊd bi juzd. ˈrisərʧ ˈɔlsoʊ səˈʤɛsts ðət əraʊnd aʊərz əv ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən lidz tɪ haɪər tɛst skɔrz. fri əˈfɪʃəl ˈpræktɪs tɛsts wɪʧ ˈkloʊsli ˈmɪmɪk ðə lɪv tɛst ər əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt hir. səbˈstænʃəl kˈwɛʃən bæŋks, wɪθ ˈoʊvər ɪgˈzæmpəl kˈwɛsʧənz ər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt hir. ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈvaɪdz ˈnumərəs ˈəðər fri ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ hɛlp ˈstudənts priˈpɛr fər ðə tɛst, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ dɪˈteɪld tuˈtɔriəlz ɔn ðə tɛst, ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ iʧ ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl sub-type*, ə fri æp ˈstudənts kən ˈdaʊnˌloʊd, ədˈvaɪs ˈpeɪʤɪz ənd tɪps frəm pæst ˈkænədɪts, ənd ðə ˈænjuəl əˈfɪʃəl gaɪd. ðiz ər ɔl əˈveɪləbəl hir. ˈjɔrsɛlf wɪθ ðə staɪlz əv kˈwɛsʧənz həz bɪn faʊnd tɪ bi ˈjusfəl ənd səm ˈpipəl ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ˈgɪtɪŋ hoʊld əv səm oʊld 11 staɪl tɛst ˈpeɪpərz fər ˈpræktɪs. ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz fər iʧ ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə kən bi faʊnd wɪθ iʧ ˈsɛkʃən. θæŋks goʊz tɪ (ənˈlɛs ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈkrɛdɪtɪd) fər ˈfaɪndɪŋ ənd kəˈlɛktɪŋ ðɛm ɔl təˈgɛðər. ðə bʊk, 'gɪt ˈɪntu ˈmɛdəsən 600 ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz', ɪz ˈhaɪli ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd fər ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz 'gɪt ˈɪntu ˈmɛdəsən 600 ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz' kən bi faʊnd hir. ðɪs bʊk həz bɪn wɛl rɪˈgɑrdɪd ənd juzd baɪ ˈstudənts ˈoʊvər ə ˈnəmbər əv jɪrz, bət biɪŋ ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 2009 ɪt maɪt nɑt bi ðə bɛst ʧɔɪs fər ðə nuər kˈwɛʃən staɪlz. ðɪs bʊk ɪz ə mɔr əp tɪ deɪt bʊk wɪθ mɔr kˈwɛsʧənz ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ɪn 2017 1 ɪt ɪz juzd baɪ lɑts əv ˈstudənts, həz gʊd ˈæməˌzɑn rəvˈjuz ənd ˈkəvərz ɔl kˈwɛʃən taɪps ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə nu staɪlz əv ˈæbˌstrækt ˈrizənɪŋ ənd ðə nu dɪˈsɪʒən ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈsɛkʃən. əˈnəðər bʊk juzd baɪ ˈstudənts ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ˈmɛdɪk ˈpɔrtəl ɪn 2015 2 ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkəvərz ɔl kˈwɛʃən taɪps ənd həz gʊd ˈæməˌzɑn rəvˈjuz. ðə ˈmɛdɪk ˈpɔrtəl həz ˈspɛʃəlɪst ˈrisɔrsɪz ənd ˈkɔrsɪz dɪˈzaɪnd spəˈsɪfɪkli tɪ hɛlp ˈstudənts ˈmæstər ðə, ənd bust ðɛr ˈʧænsɪz əv ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu tɔp ˌjunəˈvərsətiz. ɪf ju saɪn əp tɪ ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, ju ˈɪnstəntli geɪn ˈækˌsɛs tɪ 50 fri kˈwɛsʧənz wɪθ wərkt ˈænsərz. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ səbˈskraɪb tɪ ˈækˌsɛs əraʊnd 2000 mɔr. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ðeɪv gɑt ˈplɛnti əv fri ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ˈɛvəri ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə, ənd haʊ ðə tɛst ɪz juzd baɪ ˌjunəˈvərsətiz. ðə ˈmɛdɪk ˈpɔrtəl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔfərz 100 ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ˈkɔrsɪz kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ˈdɑktərz ɪn ˈsɪtiz ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə. klɪk hir tɪ lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈmæstərɪŋ ðə kɔrs. ðɪs kɔrs kəmz wɪθ ðɛr ˈmæstərɪŋ ðə bʊk. ɪt ˈkəvərz ˈɛvəri ˈsɛkʃən, ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ˈθɪri ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz. ɪt kən bi bɔt hir ɔn ˈæməˌzɑn. ˈblækˌstoʊn ˈtutərz ɪn ənd ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən ˈsərvɪsɪz. ðɛr ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪv ˈkɔrsɪz ər prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ˈkɑrənt ˈdɑktərz ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈstudənts. ə səˈlɛkʃən əv fri ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən ˈrisɔrsɪz ər əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ðɛr ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. fri ˈrisɔrsɪz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt həz fri ˈpræktɪs məˈtɪriəlz ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈoʊvər kˈwɛsʧənz, ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃənz, ˈsɑlvɪŋ ˈstrætəʤiz ənd ˈvɪdioʊ tuˈtɔriəlz. ðeɪ ˈɔfər lɪv ənd ˈkɔrsɪz ənd tjuˈɪʃən ˈsərvɪsɪz. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈvaɪt ˈjuzərz tɪ teɪk pɑrt ɪn ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃənz, wɛr ðeɪ ˈænsər ˈʧælənʤɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz wɪθ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈpraɪzɪz. 'ðɛr fri ˈkɑntɛnt kən bi faʊnd hir' ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈjusfəl saɪt ðət həz tənz əv fri tɛsts ənd 'səkˈsɛs gaɪdz' fər ɔl ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə tɛst. ðɛr nuˈmɛrɪkəl ˈrizənɪŋ ˈsɛkʃən, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ɪz ˈɛksələnt. ðɛr fri gaɪd həz tənz əv fri ˈpræktɪs tɛsts ənd tɪps ˌɛtˈsɛtərə: 'www.assessmentcentrehq.com/ukcat-practice-test*' ɪz ə saɪt rən baɪ ˈkɑrənt ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈstudənts ənd ˈfiʧərz ˈhənərdz əv fri ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz wɪθ dɪˈteɪld ˈænsərz, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ tuˈtɔriəlz fər iʧ 'getintomedicine.co.uk*' kən bi faʊnd hir ˈkæplən tɛst ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈɔfərz ə ˈnəmbər əv fri ˈrisɔrsɪz fər ðə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ; ə ˈpræktɪs tɛst, ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz ənd ˈsɛməˌnɑrz. ˈkæplən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔfər ə reɪnʤ əv ˈkɔrsɪz tɪ ˈkeɪtər fər ˈdɪfərənt ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən nidz, ɔl əv wɪʧ ər ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ðə 2013 tɛst ˈʧeɪnʤɪz.- 'ˈkæplən' kən bi faʊnd hir ɪz ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ðət həz ˈvɛriəs fri ˈrisɔrsɪz fər ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən ənd ˈpræktɪs, ənd ˈkɔrsɪz frəm 1 wik tɪ 3 mənθs kən bi bɔt. nu frəm 2012 ənd wɑz ˈhaɪli səkˈsɛsfəl 'medify*' kən bi faʊnd hir ˈmɛdɪk maɪnd bʊk 6 wɪʧ hæv ˈoʊvər 400 ˈpeɪʤɪz wərθ əv ˈθɪri ənd kˈwɛsʧənz 'ˈmɛdɪk maɪnd bʊk kən bi faʊnd hir' əˈnəðər ˈhaɪli ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd bʊk, 'haʊ tɪ pæs ðə ənd' kən bi faʊnd hir, kən bi faʊnd tɪ bi ˈifɛktɪvli wɪn ˈkəpəld wɪθ ðə fri ɪgˈzæmpəl kˈwɛsʧənz ɔn ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. waɪlst ðiz bʊks ər ˈrɛdəli əˈveɪləbəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn fər ˈpərʧəs, ɪt ɪz wərθ ˈʧɛkɪŋ jʊr ˈloʊkəl ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ɛz ðeɪ meɪ bi əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈbɑroʊɪŋ ˌɔlˈðoʊ ju ər ədˈvaɪzd ðət ju meɪ hæv tɪ weɪt ə waɪl ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈbɑˌroʊ ðɛm. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə əˈfɔrˌmɛnʃənd bʊks, ðɛr ər ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪv ˈkɔrsɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə moʊst ˈhaɪli ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ɪn tərmz əv kˈwɑləti ənd ˈvælju biɪŋ ðə kræʃ kɔrs. ɪts fər ðə deɪ, wɪʧ ɪz ˈʧipər ðən ˈkæplən ənd. ɪz ə tjuˈɪʃən prəˈvaɪdər ənd ˈɔfərz ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪv ˈkɔrsɪz ənd ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl tjuˈɪʃən ɔn kˈwɛsʧənz ˈænsərɪŋ ˈstrætəʤi. kleɪmz tɪ hæv 97 ˈstudənt ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən reɪt ənd 83 ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən səkˈsɛs reɪt. https://www.uniadmissions.co.uk/ukcat*/] ˈkæplən ɪz ə tjuˈɪʃən prəˈvaɪdər ˈɔfərɪŋ ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪv ˈkɔrsɪz ənd ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl tjuˈɪʃən. kleɪmz tɪ hæv 65 jɪrz əv ˈtiʧɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns fər ðə tɛst 3 ˈmɛdɪk maɪnd ˈklæsˌrum kɔrs -kən bi faʊnd hir ˈmɛdɪk maɪnd ˈɔfərz ðə moʊst əˈfɔrdəbəl kɔrs ɪn ðə æt ˌɪnˈkludz fri ˈmɛdɪk maɪnd bʊk ənd ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈvɪdioʊ kɔrs. ˈmɛdɪk maɪnd ˈmɛntərɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm kən bi faʊnd hir. bi ˈmɛntərd fər 6 wiks ənˈtɪl jʊr ɪgˈzæm ənd rɪˈsiv səˈpɔrt frəm jʊr ˈmɛnˌtɔr wɛr ju kən æsk ɛz ˈmɛni kˈwɛsʧənz ɛz ju laɪk. ə ˈmɛntərɪŋ deɪ æt 1 mənθ ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ˌgɛrənˈti ˈwikli ˈprɑˌgrɛs ʧɛks ˈvərbəl ˈrizənɪŋ ðɪs lʊks æt haʊ ˈlɑʤɪkli ˈpipəl kən θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ˈrɪtən ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd ˈwɛðər ðeɪ kən əraɪv æt ə wɛl ˈrizənd kənˈkluʒən. ju ər ˈgɪvɪn ə ˈpæsɪʤ əv tɛkst tɪ rɛd ənd ðɛn pərˈzɛnəd wɪθ 4 ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈsteɪtmənts. jʊr tæsk ɪz ˈsɪmpli tɪ ʤəʤ ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ðə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈfɑloʊz ˈlɑʤɪkli frəm ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ðə ˈpæsɪʤ. ðə ˈʧɔɪsɪz ər 'tru' ɪf ɪt dɪz ˈfɑloʊ ɔn ˈlɑʤɪkli, 'fɔls' ɪf ɪt ˈdəzənt ənd 'kænt tɛl' ɪf ju kænt tɛl frəm ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən juv bɪn ˈgɪvɪn. ˈmɛdɪk maɪnd ˈsæmpəl ˈvərbəl ˈrizənɪŋ kən bi faʊnd hir ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz ðə əˈfɪʃəl kˈwɛʃən bæŋk kˈwɛsʧənz frəm ðə tɛst prəˈvaɪdər ðɛmˈsɛlvz wɪʧ ər əv ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˈstændərd tɪ ðoʊz ju wɪl ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn ðə ˈækʧəwəl tɛst. ðə ˈmɛdɪk kˈwɛʃən bæŋk klɪk ɔn ðə ˈvərbəl ˈrizənɪŋ ˈsɛkʃən tɪ səbˈskraɪb fər ˈhənərdz əv ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz. ˈvərbəl ˈrizənɪŋ ɪgˈzæm ənd ˈænsərz 'gɪt ˈɪntu ˈmɛdəsən 600 ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz' http://jung.test.typologycentral.com*/ ðɪs fri ˌpərsəˈnælɪti tɛst juˈnikli kəmˈbaɪnz tu ˈpaʊərfəl ˈsɪstəmz fər ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪŋ ˌpərsəˈnælɪti taɪp ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ˈfəŋkʃənz ənd ˌpərsəˈnælɪti dichotomies*. http://www.assessmentcentrehq.com/psychometric-tests/verbal-reasoning*/ ˈɛksələnt ˈvərbəl ˈrizənɪŋ ˈpræktɪs peɪʤ wɪθ lɑts əv ɪgˈzæmpəlz ənd tɪps. fri ˈvərbəl ˈrizənɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz fri kˈwɛsʧənz (θæŋks tɪ fər ˈpoʊstɪŋ) dɪˈsɪʒən ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə dɪˈsɪʒən ˈmeɪkɪŋ tɛsts jʊr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ əˈplaɪ ˈlɑʤɪk tɪ riʧ ə dɪˈsɪʒən ər kənˈkluʒən, ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ˈɑrgjəmənts ənd stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ju hæv tɪ ˈænsər 29 ˈaɪtəmz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ tɛkst, ʧɑrts, ˈteɪbəlz, græfs ər ˈdaɪəˌgræmz. ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz ðə əˈfɪʃəl kˈwɛʃən bæŋk kˈwɛsʧənz frəm ðə tɛst prəˈvaɪdər ðɛmˈsɛlvz wɪʧ ər əv ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˈstændərd tɪ ðoʊz ju wɪl ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn ðə ˈækʧəwəl tɛst. kˈwɑntɪˌteɪtɪv ˈrizənɪŋ ðɪs əˈsɛsɪz jʊr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ sɑlv nuˈmɛrɪkəl ˈprɑbləmz. ju wɪl nid tɪ sɑlv ˈprɑbləmz baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm ˈteɪbəlz ənd græfs. ju nid səm ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈnɑlɪʤ (maths*) fər ðɪs pɑrt əv ðə tɛst, bət ˈoʊnli ˈlɛvəl. jʊr pərˈzɛnəd wɪθ 36 kˈwɛsʧənz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ə vərˈaɪəti əv tables/charts/graphs*. ə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈkælkjəˌleɪtər ɪz prəˈvaɪdɪd wɪˈθɪn ðə tɛst ˈsɪstəm. ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz ðə əˈfɪʃəl kˈwɛʃən bæŋk kˈwɛsʧənz frəm ðə tɛst prəˈvaɪdər ðɛmˈsɛlvz wɪʧ ər əv ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˈstændərd tɪ ðoʊz ju wɪl ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn ðə ˈækʧəwəl tɛst. ðə ˈmɛdɪk kˈwɛʃən bæŋk klɪk ɔn ðə kˈwɑntɪˌteɪtɪv ˈrizənɪŋ ˈsɛkʃən tɪ səbˈskraɪb fər ˈhənərdz əv ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz. kˈwɑntɪˌteɪtɪv ˈrizənɪŋ ɪgˈzæm ənd ˈænsərz http://www.assessmentcentrehq.com/numerical-reasoning-practice-test*/ fri nuˈmɛrɪkəl ˈrizənɪŋ ˈpræktɪs tɛsts ənd ˈrisɔrs həb, ˈvɛri ˈjusfəl. fri nuˈmɛrɪkəl ˈrizənɪŋ tɛsts (θæŋks tɪ fər ˈpoʊstɪŋ) (ˈpæsˌwərd: ˈdɛmoʊ) http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/maths*/ http://www.mathsrevision.net/gcse*/ ˈæbˌstrækt ˈrizənɪŋ ðɪs əˈsɛsɪz jʊr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈpætərnz əˈməŋst ˈæbˌstrækt ʃeɪps wɛr ˌɪˈrɛləvənt ənd dɪˈstræktɪŋ məˈtɪriəl meɪ lɛd tɪ ˌɪnkərˈɛkt kənˈkluʒənz. ju wɪl si ɔl əv ðiz 4 ˈdɪfərənt kˈwɛʃən taɪps ɪn ðɪs: fər taɪp 1 ju wɪl bi pərˈzɛnəd wɪθ tu sɛts əv ʃeɪps ˈleɪbəld a”*” ənd b”*”. ju wɪl bi ˈgɪvɪn ə tɛst ʃeɪp ənd æst tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ˈwɛðər ðə tɛst ʃeɪp bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ sɛt ə, sɛt bi, ər ˈniðər. fər taɪp 2 ju wɪl bi pərˈzɛnəd wɪθ ə ˈsɪriz əv ʃeɪps. ju wɪl bi æst tɪ səˈlɛkt ðə nɛkst ʃeɪp ɪn ðə ˈsɪriz. fər taɪp 3 ju wɪl bi pərˈzɛnəd wɪθ ə ˈsteɪtmənt, ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ə grup əv ʃeɪps. ju wɪl bi æst tɪ dɪˈtərmən wɪʧ ʃeɪp kəmˈplits ðə ˈsteɪtmənt. fər taɪp 4 ju wɪl bi pərˈzɛnəd wɪθ tu sɛts əv ʃeɪps ˈleɪbəld a”*” ənd b”*”. ju wɪl bi æst tɪ səˈlɛkt wɪʧ əv ðə fɔr rɪˈspɑns ˈɔpʃənz bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ sɛt ə ər sɛt bi. ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz ðə əˈfɪʃəl kˈwɛʃən bæŋk ɑr kˈwɛsʧənz frəm ðə tɛst prəˈvaɪdər ðɛmˈsɛlvz wɪʧ ər əv ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˈstændərd tɪ ðoʊz ju wɪl ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn ðə ˈækʧəwəl tɛst. ðə ˈmɛdɪk kˈwɛʃən bæŋk klɪk ɔn ðə ˈæbˌstrækt ˈrizənɪŋ ˈsɛkʃən tɪ səbˈskraɪb fər ˈhənərdz əv ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz. ˈæbˌstrækt ˈrizənɪŋ ɪgˈzæm ənd ˈænsərz 'gɪt ˈɪntu ˈmɛdəsən 600 ˈpræktɪs kˈwɛsʧənz' (θæŋks tɪ fər ˈpoʊstɪŋ) http://www.practicetests.co.uk/launchtest.asp*# rikˈwaɪərd) rikˈwaɪərd) ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənəl ˈʤəʤmənt tɛst ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənəl ˈʤəʤmənt tɛst (sjt*) ˈmɛʒərz jʊr kəˈpæsɪti tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ril wərld ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz ənd tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈfæktərz ənd əˈproʊpriˌeɪt bɪˈheɪvjər ɪn ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ðɛm. ðə tɛst kənˈsɪsts əv ə ˈsɪriz əv sɪˈnɛrioʊz fər wɪʧ ju wɪl nid tɪ kənˈsɪdər ˈiðər ðə əˈproʊpriətnəs əv ˈpɑsəbəl ˈækʃənz, ər ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˈpɑsəbəl kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz. ðə kˈwɛsʧənz du nɑt ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈmɛdɪkəl ər prəˈsiʤərəl ˈnɑlɪʤ. ðɪs ˈsɛkʃən ɪz skɔrd ˈdɪfərˈɛntli tɪ ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðə tɛst, skɔrz fər ðə ər ɪkˈsprɛst ɪn wən əv fɔr bændz, wɪθ bænd 1 biɪŋ ðə haɪəst.
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commercial organisations will be using items that are not necessarily of the standard you will encounter in the ucat and this may distort your performance whilst practising. screen views may be different and commercial organisations are unlikely to include the new item types which you may encounter in your test. they may also not replicate the ucat scoring and banding accurately and may give misleading indicators of your anticipated ucat score."
books and practice questions are acknowledged to be helpful, with the ucat official guide and their website cautioning that only recently published or updated resources should be used. ucat research also suggests that around 25-30 hours of preparation leads to higher test scores.
free official practice tests which closely mimic the live test are available on the ucat website here.
substantial question banks, with over 1,000 example questions are also available on the ucat website here.
the official ucat website also provides numerous other free resources to help students prepare for the test, including detailed tutorials on the test, explaining each individual sub-type, a free app students can download, advice pages and tips from past candidates, and the annual ucat official guide. these are all available here.
familiarising yourself with the styles of questions has been found to be useful and some people recommend getting hold of some old 11+ style test papers for practice. practice questions for each section of the ucat can be found with each section.
thanks goes to lu-x (unless otherwise credited) for finding and collecting them all together.
the ucat book, 'get into medicine - 600 ucat practice questions', is highly recommended for practice questions - 'get into medicine - 600 ucat practice questions' can be found here. this book has been well regarded and used by students over a number of years, but being published in 2009 it might not be the best choice for the newer question styles.
this ukcat book is a more up to date book with more questions published by uniadmissions in 2017 [1]. it is used by lots of students, has good amazon reviews and covers all question types including the new styles of abstract reasoning and the new decision making section.
another up-to-date ucat book used by students published by medic portal in 2015 [2] also covers all question types and has good amazon reviews.
the medic portal has specialist resources and courses designed specifically to help students master the ucat, and boost their chances of getting into top universities. if you sign up to the website, you instantly gain access to 50+ free ucat questions with worked answers. you can also subscribe to access around 2000 more. additionally, they've got plenty of free information explaining every section of the ucat, and how the test is used by universities.
the medic portal also offers 100% recommended ucat courses created by doctors in cities all over the uk. click here to learn more about their mastering the ucat course. this course comes with their best-selling mastering the ucat book. it covers every section, focusing on theory as well as practice questions. it can be bought here on amazon.
blackstone tutors specialise in ukcat and bmat preparation services. their intensive courses are provided by current doctors and medical students. a selection of free preparation resources are available on their website. free resources
jobtestprep.co.uk's website has free ukcat practice materials as well as over 1,000 ukcat questions, explanations, solving strategies and video tutorials. they offer live and skype-based courses and tuition services. they also invite users to take part in ukcat competitions, where they answer challenging questions with the possibility of winning prizes. - 'their free ukcat content can be found here'
assessmentcentrehq is a very useful site that has tons of free tests and 'success guides' for all aspects of the ukcat test. their numerical reasoning section, in particular, is excellent. their free ukcat guide has tons of free practice tests and tips etc: 'www.assessmentcentrehq.com/ukcat-practice-test'
getintomedicine.co.uk is a site run by current medical students and features hundreds of free ukcat practice questions with detailed answers, in addition to tutorials for each subtest - 'getintomedicine.co.uk' can be found here
kaplan test prep’s website offers a number of free resources for the ukcat, including; a full-length practice test, practice questions and seminars. kaplan also offer a range of courses to cater for different preparation needs, all of which are updated to include the 2013 test changes.- 'kaplan' can be found here
medify is a website that has various free resources for ukcat preparation and practice, and courses from 1 week to 3 months can be bought. new from 2012 and was highly successful - 'medify' can be found here
medic mind book 6 ukcat ebooks which have over 400 pages worth of theory and questions £15 'medic mind book can be found here'
another highly recommended book, 'how to pass the ukcat and bmat' - can be found here, can be found to be effectively when coupled with the free example questions on the ukcat website.
whilst these books are readily available online for purchase, it is worth checking your local library as they may be available for borrowing although you are advised that you may have to wait a while in order to borrow them.
in addition to the aforementioned books, there are also a number of intensive courses - probably the most highly recommended in terms of quality and value being the ukcat crash course. it's £129 for the day, which is cheaper than kaplan and uniadmissions.
uniadmissions is a tuition provider and offers intensive courses and individual tuition on ukcat questions answering strategy. claims to have 97% student satisfaction rate and 83% application success rate. [ https://www.uniadmissions.co.uk/ukcat/]
kaplan is a tuition provider offering intensive courses and individual tuition. claims to have 65 years of teaching experience for the test [3]
medic mind classroom course -can be found here medic mind offers the most affordable ukcat course in the uk at £35. includes free medic mind book and online video course.
medic mind mentoring program - can be found here. be mentored for 6 weeks until your ukcat exam and receive 24/7 support from your mentor where you can ask as many questions as you like.
- a 1-1 mentoring day at ucl - 1 month medify membership - money-back guarantee - weekly progress checks
verbal reasoning
this looks at how logically people can think about written information and whether they can arrive at a well reasoned conclusion.
you are given a passage of text to read and then presented with 4 separate statements. your task is simply to judge whether or not the statement follows logically from information presented in the passage. the choices are 'true' if it does follow on logically, 'false' if it doesn't and 'can't tell' if you can't tell from the information you've been given.
medic mind sample verbal reasoning can be found here
practice questions
the official ucat's question bank - vr questions from the test provider themselves which are of equivalent standard to those you will experience in the actual test.
the medic portal's ukcat question bank - click on the verbal reasoning section to subscribe for hundreds of practice questions.
verbal reasoning mini-mock exam and answers
'get into medicine - 600 ukcat practice questions'
http://jung.test.typologycentral.com/ - this free personality test uniquely combines two powerful systems for evaluating personality type – jungian cognitive functions and personality dichotomies.
http://www.assessmentcentrehq.com/psychometric-tests/verbal-reasoning/ - excellent verbal reasoning practice page with lots of examples and tips.
http://www.jobtestprep.co.uk/freeverbal.aspx - free verbal reasoning questions
http://www.kaptest.co.uk/ukcat/practice-verbal-reasoning
http://www.getintomedicine.co.uk - free questions
http://www.kent.ac.uk/careers/tests/verbaltest.htm
http://www.assessmentday.co.uk/free_practice_verbal.htm
http://www.assessmentday.co.uk/practice%20graduate%20aptitude%20test1_verbal.htm
http://www.shldirect.com/verbal.html
http://www.psychometric-success.com/faq/faq-sample-verbal-critical-reasoning-questions.htm
http://www.psychometric-success.com/faq/faq-sample-verbal-comprehension-questions.htm
http://www.excitingfutures.com/verbalreasoning.htm
http://www.policecouldyou.co.uk/officers/verbal.php
http://money.guardian.co.uk/work/psychometrics/0,1456,589733,00.html?r1=&r2=&r3=&r4=&r5=&r6
http://europa.eu/epso/pdf/verbal-tests_en.pdf
http://practicetests.cubiks.com/verbal.htm
http://www.onexamination.com/ukcat/practicequestions.aspx?tid=ukcat
http://ukcatpracticeonline.com/homepagelinks/sampleverbalreasoning.html (thanks to thecutiepie for posting)
http://space.businessballs.com/paulnewton/resources/psychometric%20success%20verbal%20ability%20-%20comprehension%20practice%20test%201.pdf
http://irisharmy.shlsolutions.net/vmg1.htm
decision making
the decision making subtest tests your ability to apply logic to reach a decision or conclusion, evaluate arguments and analyse statistical information. you have to answer 29 items associated with text, charts, tables, graphs or diagrams.
practice questions
the official ucat's question bank - dm questions from the test provider themselves which are of equivalent standard to those you will experience in the actual test.
quantitative reasoning
this assesses your ability to solve numerical problems. you will need to solve problems by using information from tables and graphs. you need some background knowledge (maths) for this part of the test, but only gcse level.
you're presented with 36 questions associated with a variety of tables/charts/graphs. a basic calculator is provided within the test system.
practice questions
the official ucat's question bank - qr questions from the test provider themselves which are of equivalent standard to those you will experience in the actual test.
the medic portal's ukcat question bank - click on the quantitative reasoning section to subscribe for hundreds of practice questions.
quantitative reasoning mini-mock exam and answers
http://www.assessmentcentrehq.com/numerical-reasoning-practice-test/ - free numerical reasoning practice tests and resource hub, very useful.
http://www.jobtestprep.co.uk/freenumerical.aspx - free numerical reasoning tests
http://www.kaptest.co.uk/ukcat/practice-quantitative-reasoning
http://www.getintomedicine.co.uk
http://www.assessmentday.co.uk/numerical/free/aptitude_test_2.html
http://www.assessmentday.co.uk/numerical/free/aptitude_test_1.html
http://ukcatpracticeonline.com/homepagelinks/samplequantitativereasoning.html (thanks to thecutiepie for posting)
http://www.shldirect.com/numerical.html
http://www.psychometric-success.com/aptitude-tests/numerical-aptitude-tests.htm
http://www.policecouldyou.co.uk/officers/numbers.php
http://www.mckinsey.com/locations/ukireland/applicationprocess/problem_solving_test.pdf
http://www.kent.ac.uk/careers/tests/mathstest.htm
http://www.kent.ac.uk/careers/tests/mathstest2.htm
http://www.excitingfutures.com/numericalreasoning.htm
http://mlsc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/numeracy/nrpt1_98_1.pdf
http://www.stationcrafts.net/maths180/shlnumericalreasoning.pdf
http://practicetests.cubiks.com/numerical.htm
http://www.aptitudetestsonline.com/quizzes/freenumerical.asp (password: demo)
http://irisharmy.shlsolutions.net/nmg1.htm
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/maths/
http://www.mathsrevision.net/gcse/
http://www.west-midlands.police.uk/wmprrecruit/uploadedimages/numerical%20reasoning.doc
abstract reasoning
this assesses your ability to identify patterns amongst abstract shapes where irrelevant and distracting material may lead to incorrect conclusions.
you will see all of these 4 different question types in this subtest:
for type 1, you will be presented with two sets of shapes labelled “set a” and “set b”. you will be given a test shape and asked to decide whether the test shape belongs to set a, set b, or neither.
for type 2, you will be presented with a series of shapes. you will be asked to select the next shape in the series.
for type 3, you will be presented with a statement, involving a group of shapes. you will be asked to determine which shape completes the statement.
for type 4, you will be presented with two sets of shapes labelled “set a” and “set b”. you will be asked to select which of the four response options belongs to set a or set b.
practice questions
the official ucat's question bank - ar questions from the test provider themselves which are of equivalent standard to those you will experience in the actual test.
the medic portal's ukcat question bank - click on the abstract reasoning section to subscribe for hundreds of practice questions.
abstract reasoning mini-mock exam and answers
'get into medicine - 600 ukcat practice questions'
http://www.kaptest.co.uk/ukcat/practice-abstract-reasoning
http://www.getintomedicine.co.uk
http://www.kent.ac.uk/careers/tests/spatialtest.htm
http://www.shldirect.com/inductive_reasoning.html
http://www.psychometric-success.com/aptitude-tests/abstract-reasoning-tests.htm
http://www.psychometric-success.com/aptitude-tests/spatial-ability-tests.htm
http://www.psychometric-success.com/faq/faq-abstract-reasoning-tests.htm
http://www.testgrid.com/demo/sampleabstractq.tg
http://ukcatpracticeonline.com/homepagelinks/sampleabstractreasoning.html (thanks to thecutiepie for posting)
http://www.practicetests.co.uk/launchtest.asp# (email/name required)
http://discovery.axiomsoftware.com/abstract/abstract.php (email/name required)
http://www.morrisby.com/content/candidates-support/faqs/sample-morrisby-profile-questions/test-samples/page1.htm
http://www.morrisby.com/content/candidates-support/faqs/sample-morrisby-profile-questions/test-samples/page6.htm
http://www.morrisby.com/content/candidates-support/faqs/sample-morrisby-profile-questions/test-samples/page7.htm
http://www.morrisby.com/content/candidates-support/faqs/sample-morrisby-profile-questions/test-samples/page8.htm
http://irisharmy.shlsolutions.net/dit6.htm
situational judgement test
the situational judgement test (sjt) measures your capacity to understand real world situations and to identify critical factors and appropriate behaviour in dealing with them. the test consists of a series of scenarios for which you will need to consider either the appropriateness of possible actions, or the importance of possible considerations. the questions do not require medical or procedural knowledge.
this section is scored differently to the remainder of the test, scores for the sjt are expressed in one of four bands, with band 1 being the highest.
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ðə ˈrumər ðət stɑp ˈbrɪŋɪŋ əp: ðə ˈθəndər həz ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈrudi geɪ. ˈsɔrsəz: fri ˈeɪʤənt ˈrudi geɪ hoʊsts ˈmitɪŋz ɪn ˈɔstən, ˈtɛksəs wɪθ ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ˈsutərz ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd. kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi ə tim hu siz fɪt. ˈeɪdriən ˌwɔɪnərˈaʊski (@wojespn*) ʤun 29 2017 waɪl geɪ ɪz ə smɔl ˈfɔrwərd ðət ˈævrɪʤd pɔɪnts pər geɪm læst ˈsizən, dɪz hi ˈivɪn fɪt wɪθ ðə ˈθəndər? teɪk ə lʊk. waɪ ˈrudi geɪ ɪz ə gʊd fɪt 1 ˈbɛtər ðən ðə ˈəðər smɔl ˈfɔrwərdz həz naʊ. ðɛr ɪz noʊ kˈwɛʃən ðə ˈθəndər nidz ən ˈəpˈgreɪd æt ðə ˈfɔrwərd pəˈzɪʃən. ðə tim hæd ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə wərst ˈfɔrwərd roʊˈteɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ læst ˈsizən, wɪθ nən əv ðɛm ˈhævɪŋ ə pər əˈbəv (lig ˈævərɪʤ ɪz əraʊnd 15 grænt ənd dəg məkˈdərmət ər tu əv ðə ˈbɑtəm θri pleɪərz ɪn ˈɑrˈpiˈɛm. ˈɑnˌdreɪ ˈrɑbərsən ɪz ræŋkt əˈməŋ smɔl ˈfɔrwərdz, bət wi ər ɔl əˈwɛr əv hɪz dɪˈfɪʃənsiz ɔn ðə əˈfɛnsɪv ɛnd. ðə ˈnəmbərz laɪk geɪ ə lɔt mɔr ðən ðə ˈθəndər ˈfɔrwərdz (suprise*!). hi ræŋks əˈməŋ smɔl ˈfɔrwərdz ənd hæd ə pər əv 17 2 ðə ˈnəmbərz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt nɑt ɛz bæd əv ə dɪˈfɛndər ɛz ˈpipəl θɪŋk. səm əv ðiz ˈnəmbərz ər ə ˈlɪtəl ˈʃɑkɪŋ, soʊ ju maɪt wɔnt tɪ sɪt daʊn. geɪ meɪ nɑt bi ə ˈstɑpər, bət hi ɪz nɑt ðə ˈziroʊ ˈmɛni θɪŋk hi ɪz. geɪ ɪz ɪn əˈməŋ smɔl ˈfɔrwərdz hɪz dfg*% ɪz ðə seɪm ɛz ˈwɪlsən ˈʧændlər ənd ˈdæni grin, ənd ˈbɛtər ðən aminu*, ˈmɑrvɪn ˈwɪljəmz, ˈʤɛrɪd ˈdədli, wɛs ˈmæθjuz ənd ˈtoʊni ˈælən hi ˈævrɪʤd pər geɪm seɪm ɛz rəs ənd ˈθeɪboʊ sefolosha*. ˈbɛtər ðən ˈɛrɪk ˈblɛdsoʊ, giannis*, ˈeɪvəri ˈbrædli, kɛnt ˈbɑzmɔr, p.j*. ˈtəkər ənd ˈdæni grin. hi kənˈtɛstəd pər geɪm. mɔr ðən ˈkɛvɪn ˈdʊrənt, ˈwɪlsən ˈʧændlər, ˈnɪkɔləs batum*, giannis*, ˈɑˌtoʊ ˈpɔrtər ənd ˈmɑrkəs smɑrt. 3 hi kən hɪt frəm ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn. hi hɪt ə kərɪr haɪ 37 frəm θri læst ˈsizən, wɪʧ wʊd hæv bɪn θərd bɛst ɔn ðə ˈθəndər ˈrɑstər. waɪ ˈrudi geɪ ɪz nɑt ə gʊd fɪt 1 hɪz ʃɑt səˈlɛkʃən wɪl nɑt hɛlp wɪθ ˈspeɪsɪŋ. ðə ʧɑrt bɪˈloʊ ʃoʊz θri pɔɪnt ˈækjərəsi ənd ˈvɑljum. waɪl geɪ dɪd ʃut ə gʊd pərˈsɛnɪʤ frəm θri, hi ʃut ə lɔt əv ðɛm. ɪn fækt, ʤɪst 24 əv hɪz ʃɑts keɪm frəm ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn læst ˈsizən, waɪl 44 əv hɪz ʃɑts keɪm frəm 10 fit ənd ɪn, wɛr hi prɪˈfərz tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt wɪˈθɪn ðə mɪd tɪ loʊ poʊst. ðɛr wɪl bi ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈɔpʃənz fər flɔr ˈspeɪsərz aʊt ðɛr. ˈwɪlsən ˈʧændlər ər ˈtəkər wʊd bi ˈædəkˌweɪt, waɪl maɪəlz wʊd bi ən aɪˈdil ˈspeɪsər wɪθ 63 əv hɪz ʃɑts ˈkəmɪŋ frəm θri. ðə ˈθəndər ʃʊd ˈɔlsoʊ gɪv məkˈdərmət ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti æt ɪt. id=”small_forward_3_point_shooting”*” prefix=”1am”*” format=”interactive”*” ˈfɔrwərd 3 pɔɪnt shooting”*”] 2 mɔr əv ə paʊər ˈfɔrwərd. ɛz ˈsteɪtɪd əˈbəv, hi prɪˈfərz tɪ teɪk əp speɪs ɪn ðə peɪnt ər mid-post*. hɪz əˈkɪliz ˈɪnʤəri ˈɔlsoʊ kəmz ˈɪntu pleɪ hir. waɪl hi dɪd poʊst ən ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ˈwərˌkaʊt ˈvɪdioʊ ɔn instagram*, hɪz geɪm həz sˈloʊli bɪn ˈmuvɪŋ təˈwɔrd mɔr əv ə paʊər ˈfɔrwərd. wɪθ ə dɪˈklaɪn ɪn æθˈlɛtɪˌsɪzm ðət kəmz wɪθ eɪʤ ənd səʧ ən ˈɪnʤəri, hi ʃʊd gɪt mɔr taɪm æt ðə fɔr. wɛr fɪt kəmz ˈɪntu pleɪ əˈgɛn. ðə ˈθəndər wɔnt tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ənd grænt, ənd ɪf geɪ ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ əp 30 ˈmɪnəts ə naɪt ɪt wɪl bi təf tɪ si wət ju hæv ɪn boʊθ əv ðoʊz ˈjəŋstərz. 3 roʊl. wɪl geɪ əkˈsɛpt ə roʊl? ɪf hi ɪz ə ˈstɑrtər æt ˈiðər ˈfɔrwərd pəˈzɪʃən, wɪl hi bi ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd ˈspɑtɪŋ əp? hi kʊd əˈlaʊ ˈwɛstˌbrʊk tɪ bi səm, bət ɪt wʊd bi mɔr əv ə tərn, maɪ turn”*” ðən ðə ˈmoʊʃən əˈfɛns ðət ˈbɪli ˈdɑnəvən wɔnts. ðə truθ ɪz, ɪf ðə ˈθəndər meɪk ə ˈmeɪʤər splæʃ, ˈrudi geɪ ɪz nɑt ə ˈtɛrəbəl ˈɔpʃən. ðə aɪˈdil ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wʊd bi geɪ ˈsaɪnɪŋ fər ə smɔl ˈdɔlər əˈmaʊnt wɪˈθɪn wən əv ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃənz, ənd əˈgriɪŋ tɪ kəm ɔf ðə bɛnʧ. ðɪs wʊd əˈlaʊ ðə ˈθəndər tɪ muv ɔn frəm ˈkæntər wɪˈθaʊt ˈgɪvɪŋ əp ˈɛni bɛnʧ ˈskɔrɪŋ. geɪ kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ kloʊz geɪmz æt ðə paʊər ˈfɔrwərd pəˈzɪʃən. ɪf hi gɪts hɪz ˈtəʧɪz ˈərliər ɪn ðə geɪm, hi wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli bi faɪn ˈspɑtɪŋ əp ɪn ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz. ɪf geɪ ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ stɑrt ənd bi ðə ˈnəmbər tu mæn nɛkst tɪ ˈwɛstˌbrʊk, waɪl ˈəndər ə ˈlɑrʤər contract…*… well…*…. ðə ˈθəndər maɪt wɔnt tɪ æsk ðə ˈgrɪzliz, ˈræptərz ənd kɪŋz haʊ ðət wərkt aʊt.
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the rumor that woj won’t stop bringing up: the thunder has interest in rudy gay.
sources: free agent rudy gay hosts meetings in austin, texas with interested suitors this weekend. okc continues to be a team who sees fit. adrian wojnarowski (@wojespn) june 29, 2017
while gay is a 6’8” small forward that averaged 18.7 points per game last season, does he even fit with the thunder? let’s take a look.
why rudy gay is a good fit :
1. he’s better than the other small forwards/power forwards okc has now. there is no question the thunder needs an upgrade at the forward position. the team had probably the worst forward rotation in the nba last season, with none of them having a per above 10.7 (league average is around 15). jerami grant and doug mcdermott are two of the bottom three players in espn’s rpm. andre roberson is ranked 17th among small forwards, but we are all aware of his deficiencies on the offensive end. the numbers like gay a lot more than the thunder forwards (suprise!). he ranks 14th among small forwards and had a per of 17.
2. the numbers indicate he’s not as bad of a defender as people think. some of these numbers are a little shocking, so you might want to sit down. gay may not be a stopper, but he is not the zero many think he is.
gay is 8th in drpm among small forwards
his dfg% is 43.6% the same as wilson chandler and danny green, and better than al-farouq aminu, marvin williams, jared dudley, wes matthews and tony allen
he averaged 2.8 deflections per game same as russ and thabo sefolosha. better than eric bledsoe, giannis, avery bradley, kent bazemore, p.j. tucker and danny green.
he contested 3.5 three’s per game. more than kevin durant, wilson chandler, nicolas batum, giannis, otto porter and marcus smart.
3. he can hit from downtown. he hit a career high 37% from three last season, which would have been third best on the thunder roster.
why rudy gay is not a good fit :
1. his shot selection will not help with spacing. the chart below shows three point accuracy and volume. while gay did shoot a good percentage from three, he didn’t shoot a lot of them. in fact, just 24% of his shots came from downtown last season, while 44% of his shots came from 10 feet and in, where he prefers to operate within the mid to low post. there will be a number of options for floor spacers out there. wilson chandler or pj tucker would be adequate, while cj miles would be an ideal spacer with 63% of his shots coming from three. the thunder should also give mcdermott an opportunity at it.
[infogram id=”small_forward_3_point_shooting” prefix=”1am” format=”interactive” title=”small forward 3 point shooting”]
2. he’s more of a power forward. as stated above, he prefers to take up space in the paint or mid-post. his achilles injury also comes into play here. while he did post an impressive workout video on instagram, his game has slowly been moving toward more of a power forward. with a decline in athleticism that comes with age and such an injury, he should get more time at the four. that’s where fit comes into play again. the thunder want to develop domantas sabonis and grant, and if gay is taking up 30+ minutes a night it will be tough to see what you have in both of those youngsters.
3. role. will gay accept a role? if he is a starter at either forward position, will he be satisfied spotting up? he could allow westbrook to be off-ball some, but it would be more of a “your turn, my turn” than the motion offense that billy donovan wants.
the truth is, if the thunder can’t make a major splash, rudy gay is not a terrible option. the ideal situation would be gay signing for a small dollar amount within one of the exceptions, and agreeing to come off the bench. this would allow the thunder to move on from enes kanter without giving up any bench scoring. gay could also close games at the power forward position. if he gets his touches earlier in the game, he would probably be fine spotting up in closeout situations.
if gay is expected to start and be the number two man next to westbrook, while under a larger contract… well…. the thunder might want to ask the grizzlies, raptors and kings how that worked out.
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swɑn dɪˈnaɪ əˈmɪrz ˈtælənt bət filz ðət ˈpeɪsər həz nɑt peɪd ɪˈnəf fər hɪz ˈpækɪˌstæn ˈpeɪsər moʊˈhɑmɛd əˈmɪr həz sərvd hɪz ˈfaɪvˌjɪr bæn ənd gɔn θru hɪz ˌriəˌbɪləˈteɪʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs bət səm ər stɪl nɑt ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv hɪz rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ərˈinə. ˈfɔrmər ˈɪŋlɪʃ græm swɑn ɪz wən əv ðə əˈfɔrˌmɛnʃənd kæmˈpeɪnərz. ɪn ə ˈkɑləm fər ðə sən, swɑn ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd hɪz dɪˈtɛst fər ðə hu wɪl meɪk hɪz tɛst ˈkəmˌbæk fər ˈpækɪˌstæn ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ əˈgɛnst ˈɪŋglənd æt ðə. kəmˈpɛrəsən tɪ əˈmɪr ɪz ə ˈkɑmpləmɛnt: ˈændi ˈrɑbərts əˈmɪr wɪl wɔk aʊt ɔn ðə grin ənd ˈglɔriəs tərf æt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ənd ɪt wɪl meɪk mi fil sick,”*,” roʊt swɑn. ɪz ə mæn hu krəʃt ðə ˌmɔˈræləˌti əv ðə geɪm. ənd jɛt hi ɪz biɪŋ əˈlaʊd bæk tɪ pleɪ æt ðə hoʊm əv cricket.”*.” swɑn dɪˈnaɪ ðə ˈtælənt ðət əˈmɪr pəˈzɛsɪz bət hi filz ðət ðə ˈpeɪsər həz nɑt peɪd ɪˈnəf fər hɪz rɔŋˈduɪŋz. rɪˈtərn ə drim kəm tru, sɪz əˈmɪr ʃʊd hæv bɪn bænd fər laɪf fər hɪz pɑrt ɪn ðə kərˈəpʃən ˈskændəl əv hi roʊt. ɪz ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ˈtæləntɪd ˈboʊlər hi tʊk ɪn ðət ˈɪnfəməs tɛst sɪks jɪrz əˈgoʊ bət ðət dɪz nɑt ɪkˈskjuz wət hi dɪd. hi ˈædɪd: ˈmætər haʊ gʊd ju ər, ɪf ju sɛl jʊr soʊl fər 30 ˈpisɪz əv ˈsɪlvər, ju hæv tɪ peɪ ðə ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz. ənd aɪ θɪŋk hi has.”*.” əˈmɪr ˌənəˈfreɪd əv pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈbæˌklæʃ frəm ˈɪŋlɪʃ kraʊdz ðə θɪŋks ðət keɪs kʊd hæv sərvd ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl fər ɔl ðə pleɪərz hu ər ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əv pərˈsuɪŋ ə kərɪr ɪn ˈkrɪkɪt. əˈθɔrətiz kʊd ənd ʃʊd hæv kriˈeɪtɪd ə məʧ ˈstrɔŋgər dɪˈtərrənt əˈkrɔs wərld ˈkrɪkɪt baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr əˈmɪr ˈnɛvər pleɪd again,”*,” hi ˈfərðər roʊt. hərd ɔl ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts ðət əˈmɪr, laɪk ɔl ˈkrɪmənəlz, ʃʊd bi riˈɪntəˌgreɪtɪd ˈæftər ˈsərvɪŋ hɪz taɪm (hi wɑz bænd frəm ˈkrɪkɪt fər faɪv jɪrz ənd sərvd hæf əv ə ˈsɛntəns ɪn ə jəŋ offenders’*’ institution).”*).” əˈmɪr wɪl meɪk ən rɪˈtərn, sɪz ˈsæmən bət ðɛr ɪz ə ˈbɪgər ˈpɪkʧər hir. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti əv ðə geɪm, hɛlp ˈkrɪkɪt groʊ ənd ˌɪnˈspaɪr ˈjəŋstərz, ðɛr kən bi noʊ pleɪs fər kərəpt pleɪərz. ju məst hæv ˈprɑpər deterrents,”*,” hi ˈædɪd. əˈmɪr wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ˈlɛvərɪʤ du tɪ ən ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət hi wɑz jəŋ ənd wɪn hi wɑz lʊrd ˈɪntu ðə ˈskændəl baɪ ˈsæmən bət ənd mʊˈhɑməd bət ðə ˈfɔrmər θɪŋks ðɪs ɪz nɑt ən ɪkˈskjuz. ˈræliz səˈpɔrt fər brother’*’ əˈmɪr ˈəðər ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃən fər səm ɪz ðət, æt ʤɪst 18 ənd frəm ə ˈhəmbəl ˈbækˌgraʊnd wɛr hi lərnt tɪ oʊˈbeɪ hɪz ˈɛldərz, əˈmɪr wɑz ən ˈizəli lɛd, ˈɪnəsənt ˈvɪktɪm, lʊrd baɪ hɪz ˈkæptən, ˈsæmən bət, ənd ə sˈlɪpəri agent,”*,” hi roʊt. ““again*, ɪt wɑʃ. ɪf 18 ənd kəˈmɪt ə kraɪm, ju goʊ tɪ prison,”*,” kənˈkludɪd swɑn. rɛd fʊl ˈstɔri
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swann doesn’t deny amir's talent but feels that pacer has not paid enough for his wrongdoings
pakistan left-arm pacer mohammad amir has served his five-year ban and gone through his rehabilitation process but some cricketers are still not in favour of his return to the international arena.
former english cricketer graeme swann is one of the aforementioned anti-amir campaigners. in a column for the sun, swann highlighted his detest for the 24-year-old who will make his test comeback for pakistan on thursday against england at the lord’s.
comparison to amir is a compliment: andy roberts
“mohammad amir will walk out on the green and glorious turf at lord’s on thursday — and it will make me feel sick,” wrote swann. “this is a man who crushed the morality of the game. and yet he is being allowed back to play at the home of cricket.”
swann doesn’t deny the talent that amir possesses but he feels that the pacer has not paid enough for his wrongdoings.
lord’s return a dream come true, says amir
“amir should have been banned for life for his part in the corruption scandal of 2010,” he wrote. “he is an incredibly talented bowler — he took 6-84 in that infamous lord’s test six years ago — but that does not excuse what he did.
he added: “no matter how good you are, if you sell your soul for 30 pieces of silver, you have to pay the consequences. and i don’t think he has.”
amir unafraid of potential backlash from english crowds
the 37-year-old thinks that amir’s case could have served as an example for all the players who are thinking of pursuing a career in cricket.
“the authorities could and should have created a much stronger deterrent across world cricket by making sure amir never played again,” he further wrote. “i’ve heard all the arguments that amir, like all criminals, should be reintegrated after serving his time (he was banned from cricket for five years and served half of a six-month sentence in a young offenders’ institution).”
amir will make an ali-like return, says salman butt
“but there is a bigger picture here. if you want to protect the integrity of the game, help cricket grow and inspire youngsters, there can be no place for corrupt players. you must have proper deterrents,” he added.
amir was given leverage due to an argument that he was young and naïve when he was lured into the spot-fixing scandal by salman butt and muhammad asif but the former off-spinner thinks this is not an excuse.
wahab rallies support for ‘little brother’ amir
“the other mitigation for some is that, at just 18 and from a humble background where he learnt to obey his elders, amir was an easily led, innocent victim, lured by his captain, salman butt, and a slippery agent,” he wrote. “again, it doesn’t wash. if you’re 18 and commit a crime, you go to prison,” concluded swann.
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ˈsɪpriˌɑt ˈmɑrkoʊs wɑz wəns wən wən əv ðə əv ðə tɔp pleɪərz ɔn ðə ˈeɪˈtiˈpi wərld tʊr, ˈriʧɪŋ ə kərɪr haɪ əv 8 ɪn ðə wərld ɪn 2006 ənd meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ə tɔp 20 ˈræŋkɪŋ fər moʊst əv ənd səm ˈpɔrʃənz əv ðə 2010 ənd 2011 ˈsizənz. du tɪ ˈɪnʤəri, ən ədˈmɪtəd læk əv kəˈmɪtmənt, ənd ə ˈʤɛnərəl læk əv ˈfɪtnəs, hi slɪpt daʊn ðə ˈræŋkɪŋz ənd fər lɑrʤ ˈpɔrʃənz əv læst ˈsizən, ənd ðə 2009 ˈsizən, wɑz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə tɔp 100 ənd riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn ˈiðər ˈeɪˈtiˈpi waɪld kɑrdz ər ðə ˈʧælɪnʤər tʊr fər ˈmæʧɪz ənd pɔɪnts. ɪn æˈtlæntə læst wik, hi riʧt hɪz fərst ˈeɪˈtiˈpi ˈfaɪnəl sɪns 2011 ənd hɪz ˈræŋkɪŋ ənd ˈlɛvəl əv pleɪ ɪz ˈsərʤɪŋ. həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ən ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ˈtælənt ənd ə ʤɔɪ tɪ wɔʧ ɔn kɔrt, hɪz graʊnd stroʊks rɪˈmeɪn səm əv ðə bɛst pjʊr bɔl ˈstraɪkɪŋ ɪn ðə geɪm, ənd hɪz əˈgrɛsɪv ˈbeɪsˌlaɪn pleɪ ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz rɪˈfrɛʃɪŋ tɪ wɔʧ ˈgɪvɪn haʊ məʧ ðə geɪm həz ˈtrɛndɪd təˈwɔrdz ənd ˈbeɪsˌlaɪn dɪˈfɛns ɪn ðə ˈɪrə əv djokovic*, nɑˈdæl ənd ˈməri. əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈtæləntɪd hi prəˈvaɪdz ɔn kɔrt, hɪz ˌpərsəˈnælɪti əv greɪt ˈpæʃən ənd ˈdrɑmə həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ə fæn ˈfeɪvərɪt, ˌɪnˈʤɛktɪŋ məʧ ˈnidɪd rɑ ˈiˌmoʊʃən ˈɪntu ðə ˈeɪˈtiˈpi. ðɪs ɪz əˈspɛʃəli ˈɛvədənt ɪn grænd slæm ˈmæʧɪz wɛr hɪz ˈtrævəlɪŋ fæn beɪs ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈsɪŋɪŋ ənd ˈʃaʊtɪŋ ɛz hi ˈprɑˌgrɛsəz. kips ə ˈkɔrʤəl ˌpərsəˈnælɪti wɪθ pleɪərz ənd fænz əˈlaɪk, ənd həz pleɪd səm ˈɛpɪk ˈmæʧɪz ɪn hɪz kərɪr, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪn ðə 2005 ˈjuˈɛs ˈoʊpən wɛr hi lɔst tɪ ˈɑnˌdreɪ ˈægəsi ɪn wət wɑz ˈfaɪnəl grænd slæm wɪn. hi ˈɔlsoʊ hæd rənz tɪ ðə 2006 ɔˈstreɪljən ˈoʊpən ˈfaɪnəl ənd ˈwɪmbəldən ˌsɛmɪˈfaɪnəl ɪn wət wɑz hɪz kərɪr ˈsizən, ɛz hɪz geɪm piks ɔn fæst ˈsərfəsɪz. ʃoʊn ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ kəmˈpit əˈgɛnst djokovic*, ˈməri, ənd ˈfɛdərər, ənd wɪn ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ˈwɪnərz, əˈspɛʃəli ɔn ðə ˈfɔˌrhænd saɪd, hi rɪˈmeɪnz ə ˈdeɪnʤər. ˈmɛrid wɪˈθɪn ðə geɪm, ɛz hi taɪd ðə nɑt wɪθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə sprem*, ə ˈfɔrmər pleɪər, ɪn 2012 ənd ˈfæməli laɪf həz əˈpɪrd tɪ ˈsɛtəl daʊn ðə naʊ 30 jɪr oʊld. læst jɪr hi pʊt ɪn ˈroʊdˌwərk ɔn ðə ˈʧælɪnʤər tʊr wɛr hi wən 4 ˈtaɪtəlz, ənd wɪθ ə ˈnuˈfaʊnd ˈfoʊkɪs ənd ˈbæləns, hɪz stɑk kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi ˈraɪzɪŋ ðɪs ˈsizən, ənd kʊd wɛl bi ˈpikɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈoʊpən ˈsɪriz. ɪn æˈtlæntə æt ðə 2015 æˈtlæntə ˈoʊpən əˈpɪrd ˈfɪtər ənd mɔr ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ðən bɪn ɪn jɪrz ɛz hi ˈpoʊstɪd fɔr kˈwɑləti wɪnz ˈoʊvər ˈɔstən ˈkraɪɪʧɛk, sæm grɑθ, ˈvɑsɛk poʊspiˈsil, ənd ʒil ˈmələr, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsəfərɪŋ ə lɛg ˈɪnʤəri ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl əˈgɛnst ʤɑn ˈɪsnər. ðət ˈfaɪnəl wɑz hɪz fərst sɪns 2011 æt ðə ˈeɪˈtiˈpi ˈlɛvəl, ənd hi hoʊldz fɔr ˈeɪˈtiˈpi ˈtaɪtəlz ɪn hɪz kərɪr, ðə læst əv wɪʧ keɪm ɪn 2010 ɪn ˈsɪdni. ˈmɑrkoʊs ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈzərvz ˈkrɛdɪt fər ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ ðə mæʧ waɪl ˈhɑbəld, ˈrəðər ðən ˈsɪmpli rɪˈtaɪrɪŋ ənd ˈhændɪŋ ˈɪsnər ðə wɪn. əˈgɛnst grɑθ ənd ˈmələr, kənˈtɪnjud tɪ pleɪ hɪz əˈgrɛsɪv staɪl ənd ˈfɛndɪd ɔf ðɛr ˈmæsɪv sərvz ɪn taɪt θri ˈsɛtərz, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛʤɪŋ pæst poʊspiˈsil, hu ɪz ə bɪg ˈhɪtər ɪn hɪz oʊn raɪt. hɪz wər kˈwɑləti ənd hɪz sərv wɑz ˈkəmfərtəbəl, bət wət wɑz ˈlækɪŋ ɪn hɪz geɪm wɑz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ ɔf ˈmæʧɪz wɪθ ˈmɛntəl strɛŋθ, wɪʧ simz tɪ bi wət ɪz ˈhoʊldɪŋ ɪm bæk frəm rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ðə tɔp 40 (hi naʊ sɪts æt 43 ðə kənˈdɪʃənz ɪn æˈtlæntə wər ənˈbɛrəbli hɑt, ənd əˈbɪləˌti tɪ hoʊld əp θru fɔr wɪnz ɪz ən ˈɛksələnt saɪn, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə ˈpæʃən hi ʃoʊd ɔn kɔrt, ˈkɪsɪŋ ðə kɔrt ˈæftər hɪz ˌsɛmɪˈfaɪnəl wɪn, ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə kraʊd ˈɪntu ðə mæʧ, ənd ˈʃaʊtɪŋ æt hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ faɪər hɪmˈsɛlf əp. ðət taɪp əv ˈpæʃən ʃoʊz ɪz ˈsɪriəs əˈbaʊt biɪŋ ə tɔp tir ˈeɪˈtiˈpi pleɪər əˈgɛn, ənd hɪz kərɪr simz tɪ bi fɑr frəm ˈoʊvər. æt 30 hi meɪ nɑt hæv ðə wilz ðət hi wəns dɪd, bət ˈwaɪzər, ənd hɪz ʃɑt səˈlɛkʃən ənd ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈrɛʤəmənz rɪˈflɛkt ðət. pleɪərz laɪk ˈfɛdərər, ˈtɑmi hɑs, fəliʃiˈɑnoʊ ˈloʊpɛz, ˈdeɪvɪd ˈfɛrər, ənd ˈmələr hæv ɔl pʊt təˈgɛðər ˈɛksələnt rɪˈzəlts ənd ˈsizənz æt 30 ənd meɪ wɛl bi ðə nɛkst tɪ breɪk θru, fər ðə rɛst əv ðɪs ˈsizən ənd ˈɪntu 2016 hi həz tu ˈeɪˈtiˈpi ˈsɛmaɪz əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə æˈtlæntə ˈfaɪnəl, ənd ə ˈʧælɪnʤər ˈfaɪnəl ðɪs ˈsizən, ənd ˈʤɛnərəli hɪz rɪˈzəlts hæv ˈtrɛndɪd ˈpɑzətɪv, ˈmaɪnəs səm blɪps laɪk ən ˈɔfəl lɔs tɪ ˈʤərniˌmæn ɑleɪˈjɑndroʊ ˈgoʊmɛz ɪn ˌboʊgəˈtɑ, wɛr hi ʧoʊkt ɪn ə θərd sɛt tiebreak*. hi hæd tɪ pʊl aʊt əv ðə ˈsɪti ˈoʊpən ðɪs wik ɪn d.c*. du ðə ˈɪnʤəri bət rəˈgɑrdləs lʊk fər (ə ˈhɛlθi) tɪ sərv ɛz ə dɑrk hɔrs θru ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈoʊpən ˈsɪriz, ənd ˈpɑsəbli meɪk ə nis rən æt ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈoʊpən ɪf hi kən steɪ ˈhɛlθi ənd kənˈtɪnju tɪ pleɪ wɪθ ðə ˈpæʃənət əˈgrɛʃən ðət soʊ gʊd æt. həz ɔˈrɛdi ʃoʊn ðə ˈtælənt tɪ riʧ grænd slæm ˈfaɪnəlz, ənd ʤɪst teɪk ɪm səm taɪm tɪ bɪld bæk ðə kənˈsɪstənsi ənd ˈfoʊkɪst ˈnidɪd tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ən ˈeɪˈtiˈpi ˈlɛvəl. ðə riˈsərʤəns əv ˈmɑrkoʊs, wɪʧ wɑz prɪˈdɪktɪd baɪ ˈmɛni æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə læst ˈsizən, ˈfaɪnəli əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ˈhæpənɪŋ, ənd ʧɛk aʊt hɪz ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ˈmæʧɪz waɪl ju kən. meɪn ˈfoʊˌtoʊ:
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cypriot marcos baghdatis was once one one of the of the top players on the atp world tour, reaching a career high of #8 in the world in 2006, and maintaining a top 20 ranking for most of 2006-2007, and some portions of the 2010 and 2011 seasons. due to injury, an admitted lack of commitment, and a general lack of fitness, he slipped down the rankings and for large portions of last season, and the 2009 season, was outside the top 100 and relying on either atp wild cards or the challenger tour for matches and points. in atlanta last week, he reached his first atp final since 2011, and his ranking and level of play is surging.
baghdatis has always been an incredible talent and a joy to watch on court, his ground strokes remain some of the best pure ball striking in the men’s game, and his aggressive baseline play is always refreshing to watch given how much the men’s game has trended towards counterpunching and baseline defense in the era of djokovic, nadal and murray. along with the talented shotmaking he provides on court, his greek-cypriot personality of great passion and drama has always been a fan favorite, injecting much needed raw emotion into the atp. this is especially evident in grand slam matches where his traveling fan base is always singing and shouting as he progresses.
baghdatis keeps a cordial personality with players and fans alike, and has played some epic matches in his career, including in the 2005 us open where he lost to andre agassi in what was agassi’s final grand slam win. he also had runs to the 2006 australian open final and wimbledon semifinal in what was his career season, as his game peaks on fast surfaces. he’s shown the ability to compete against djokovic, murray, and federer, and when he’s firing winners, especially on the forehand side, he remains a danger.
baghdatis married within the game, as he tied the knot with karolina sprem, a former wta player, in 2012, and family life has appeared to settle down the now 30 year old. last year he put in roadwork on the challenger tour where he won 4 titles, and with a newfound focus and balance, his stock continues to be rising this season, and could well be peaking during the us open series.
in atlanta at the 2015 bb&t atlanta open baghdatis appeared fitter and more motivated than he’s been in years as he posted four quality wins over austin krajicek, sam groth, vasek pospisil, and gilles muller, before suffering a leg injury in the final against john isner. that final was his first since 2011 at the atp level, and he holds four atp titles in his career, the last of which came in 2010 in sydney. marcos also deserves credit for finishing the match while hobbled, rather than simply retiring and handing isner the win.
against groth and muller, baghdatis continued to play his aggressive style and fended off their massive serves in tight three setters, also edging past pospisil, who is a big hitter in his own right. his groundstrokes were quality and his serve was comfortable, but what was lacking in his game was the ability to finish off matches with mental strength, which seems to be what is holding him back from returning to the top 40 (he now sits at #43).
the conditions in atlanta were unbearably hot, and baghdatis ability to hold up through four wins is an excellent sign, not to mention the passion he showed on court, kissing the court after his semifinal win, getting the crowd into the match, and shouting at himself to fire himself up. that type of passion shows baghdatis is serious about being a top tier atp player again, and his career seems to be far from over.
at 30 he may not have the wheels that he once did, but he’s wiser, and his shot selection and training regimens reflect that. players like federer, tommy haas, feliciano lopez, david ferrer, and muller have all put together excellent results and seasons at 30+ and baghdatis may well be the next to break through, for the rest of this season and into 2016. he has two atp semis along with the atlanta final, and a challenger final this season, and generally his results have trended positive, minus some blips like an awful loss to journeyman alejandro gomez in bogota, where he choked in a third set tiebreak.
he had to pull out of the citi open this week in d.c. due the leg/groin injury but regardless look for (a healthy) baghdatis to serve as a dark horse through the rest of the us open series, and possibly make a nice run at the us open if he can stay healthy and continue to play with the passionate aggression that he’s so good at. baghdatis has already shown the talent to reach grand slam finals, and it’s just take him some time to build back the consistency and focused needed to maintain an atp level. the resurgence of marcos baghdatis, which was predicted by many at the end of the last season, finally appears to be happening, and check out his exciting matches while you can.
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(ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈpitər kəmˈjunɪti əv jəŋ ˈkrɪsʧɪnz, ˈməzlɪmz ənd ʤuz ˈwərkɪŋ fər ˈklaɪmɪt ˈʤəstɪs ɪn sˈwɪtsərlənd ɔn ˈɔgəst 18 2014 æt ðə ˌɛkjuˈmɛnɪkəl ˈɪnstɪˌtut, də, nɪr ʤəˈnivə. ə grup əv ˈkrɪsʧɪn, ˈməzlɪm ənd ʤuɪʃ juθ həz fɔrmd ə kəmˈjunɪti tɪ prəˈtɛkt kriˈeɪʃən ðət wɪl kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt ɪts ˈmɛsɪʤ tɪ ðə u.n*. ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤɛnərəlz ˈklaɪmɪt ˈsəmɪt ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 23 ɛz pɑrt əv ən ˌɪntərˈfeɪθ ˈsəmər kɔrs ˈspɑnsərd baɪ ðə wərld ˈkaʊnsəl əv ˈʧərʧɪz, ðɪs kəmˈjunɪti wɔnts tɪ wərk fər ðə prəˈtɛkʃən əv kriˈeɪʃən ɛz ɪt ɪz ə kənˈsərn ðeɪ seɪ ɪz ˈkɑmən tɪ ɔl feɪθ trəˈdɪʃənz, ðə sɛd ɪn ə ɔn 20 ˈɔgəst. ðɪs kəmˈjunɪti əv 19 ˈkrɪsʧɪn, ˈməzlɪm ənd ʤuɪʃ ˈstudənts frəm 12 ˈdɪfərənt ˈkəntriz wɑz ˈhoʊstɪd baɪ ðə ˌɛkjuˈmɛnɪkəl ˈɪnstɪˌtut ɪn, sˈwɪtsərlənd, frəm ˈɔgəst 4 tɪ 22 əˈməŋ pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ɪn ðə kɔrs wɑz ˌtɑˈrik æbˈdul ˈɑkˌbɑr, ə ˈməzlɪm frəm ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ə ˈkɑnvərt tɪ ˌɪsˈlɑm æt ðə eɪʤ 18 ənd ə ˈstudənt æt ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˈkɑlɪʤ əv ˈbɔltəˌmɔr, ˈɑkˌbɑr ˈriəˌlaɪzɪz ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˈwərkɪŋ təˈgɛðər ɛz rɪˈlɪʤəs kəmˈjunɪtiz fər ˈklaɪmɪt ˈʤəstɪs. "wɛr aɪ kəm frəm, aɪ əbˈzərv ˌsɛpərˈeɪʃənz wɪˈθɪn dɪˈvərsɪti. ɪt ɪz ˈɔfən ˈpɑləˌtɪks ˈrəðər ðən rɪˈlɪʤəs fəˈlɑsəfiz ðət dɪˈvaɪd ˈjuˈɛs," sɛd ˈɑkˌbɑr. "ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wi məst noʊ ɛz ˈpipəl əv feɪθ ðət wi nid tɪ pʊt əˈsaɪd ɑr rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈdɪfərənsɪz ənd kəm təˈgɛðər tɪ reɪz əˈwɛrnəs əˈbaʊt ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. "ˈæftər ɔl ðɪs ɪz ə ˈjumən raɪts ˈɪʃu ənd əˈfɛkts ɔl ˈpipəl ɪn ðə wərld." ˈɑkˌbɑr wɪl bi ɪn ə grup əv jəŋ ˈpipəl hu wɪl pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt æt ðə ˌɪntərˈfeɪθ ˈsəmɪt ɔn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪn nu jɔrk wɪʧ wɪl bi hɛld frəm sɛpˈtɛmbər 21 tɪ 22 ðə ˈstudənts ɪn ðə ˈsəmər kɔrs ər ˈdræftɪŋ ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ tɪ ˈprɛzənt æt ðə ˈsəmɪt. ðɪs ˈsteɪtmənt, ˈɑkˌbɑr ɪkˈspleɪnd, wɪl ˈfiʧər pərˈspɛktɪvz frəm jəŋ ˈpipəl, hu wɔnt tɪ si ˈvɪzəbəl ˈækʃənz frəm ðə steɪts ənd ˈpɑləsi ˈmeɪkərz fər ˈklaɪmɪt ˈʤəstɪs. "wɪθ ˈlidərz frəm ðə ənd ˈəðər rɪˈlɪʤəs kəmˈjunɪtiz, wi hoʊp tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt ɑr kənˈsərnz æt ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈʤɛnərəlz ˈklaɪmɪt ˈsəmɪt ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 23 "wi hoʊp tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ˈvɔɪsɪz frəm jəŋ ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈgloʊbəl dəˈbeɪt ɔn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ," ˈɑkˌbɑr sɛd. mɑrk ˈɛdwərdz, əˈnəðər ˈstudənt frəm ðə ʧərʧ əv sɪˈlɑn ɪn ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə, ˈɛkoʊd ˈsɪmələr vjuz. ˈɛdwərdz ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɔn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈkəntriz, wɪʧ hi sɪz ər ˈbɛrɪŋ ðə brənt əv ɛkəˈlɑʤɪkəl dɪˈzæstərz. θru ˈskrɪpʧərəl ˈrizənɪŋ ˈsɛʃənz, wɛr rɪˈlɪʤəs tɛksts frəm ˈkrɪsʧɪn, ˈməzlɪm ənd ʤuɪʃ trəˈdɪʃənz wər ˈstədid, ˈɛdwərdz faʊnd hɪz ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ˈklaɪmɪt ˈɪʃuz. "ðə ˈɛθɪkəl riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ rɪˈspɛkt kriˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈkɑmən tɪ ɔl ðə feɪθs," hi sɛd. "ðə ərθ ɪz ə gɪft tɪ ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs ənd wi ər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ɪts ˌwɛlˈbiɪŋ," hi sɛd. ˈɛdwərdz sɛd ðə ˈskrɪpʧərəl ˈrizənɪŋ meɪd ɪm əˈdɑpt ə nu pərˈspɛktɪv ɔn hɪz wərk rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈklaɪmɪt ˈɪʃuz ɪn ˈloʊkəl kəmˈjunɪtiz. "ˈivɪn ɪf wi ˌɪnˈtərprət ənd ˌəndərˈstænd rɪˈlɪʤəs tɛksts ɪn ˈdɪfərənt weɪz, ðɛr ər ˈkɑmən ˈvɪʒənz ɪn ɑr ˈhoʊli bʊks ðət tiʧ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ rɪˈspɛkt ɑr ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt," hi sɛd. riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə fˈjuʧər "wi ər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə fˈjuʧər əv ɑr ˈʧɪldrən. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, wi məst juz ɑr rɪˈlɪʤəs ənd ˈɛθɪkəl riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ kriˈeɪt əˈwɛrnəs əˈbaʊt ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ," ˈɛdwərdz ˈnoʊtɪd. ɔn hɪz rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə, ə ˌprɪˈdɑmənənˌtli ˈbudəst ˈkəntri wɪθ ˈkrɪsʧɪnz, ˈhɪnˌduz ənd ˈməzlɪmz, ˈɛdwərdz hoʊps tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ˈmitɪŋz fər juθ ənd ˈʧɪldrən ɪn hɪz ʧərʧ. "θru ðiz ˈproʊˌgræmz, wi hoʊp tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ jəŋ ˈpipəl tɪ kriˈeɪt əˈwɛrnəs əˈbaʊt ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ənd ɪts ˌɪmˈpækt." fər, ə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv əv ðə ʤuɪʃ trəˈdɪʃən æt ðə ˈsəmər kɔrs ɪn, ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ə kəmˈjunɪti wɑz ən "aɪ ˈoʊpənər." "ˈlɪvɪŋ təˈgɛðər ɛz wən kəmˈjunɪti həz meɪd ˈjuˈɛs teɪk ɔf ɑr mæsks ənd ʃɛd ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪps," sɛd. "ɑr ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ə ˈsɪnəˌgɔg, ə ʧərʧ ənd ə mɔsk ɪn sˈwɪtsərlənd muvd mi. "aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət wi ɔl bɪˈliv ɪn wən gɑd ənd ər pɑrt əv juˈmænɪti," ʃi sɛd. "waɪl ɪn ðə klæs rumz wi hæv rɪˈspɛktfəl dɪˈskəʃənz, ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə klæs rumz wi stɪl ɪnˈkaʊnər ril lɪvz," ʃi sɛd. ðiz ɪnˈkaʊnərz, sɛd, meɪd hər ˈvælju mˈjuʧuəl rɪˈspɛkt waɪl nɑt ʃaɪɪŋ əˈweɪ frəm ˌriˈæləˌtiz., hu ɪz ə tʊr gaɪd ɪn ðə ˈsɪti əv ʤərˈusələm, sɛd ðət ˈwɔtər ɪz ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈɪʃu ɪn hər ˈriʤən. "aɪ hæv bɪn reɪzd ɪn ə ˈkəlʧər, wɛr aɪ noʊ ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˈwɔtər. aɪ nu ɛz ə ʧaɪld ðət wi məst nɑt weɪst ˈwɔtər." waɪl feɪst wɪθ səʧ ˈʧælənʤɪz, ʃi kənˈtɪnjud, ɑr rɪˈlɪʤəs trəˈdɪʃənz ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ spik əˈbaʊt ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ, ˈwɔtər ˈskɛrsɪti ənd ˈɪʃuz ðət kənˈsərnz ɔl. wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ðə nu jɔrk ˌɪntərˈfeɪθ ˈsəmɪt ɔn ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ. ðə ˌɪntərˈfeɪθ ˈsəmər kɔrs ɪz ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd iʧ jɪr sɪns 2007 ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˌɛkjuˈmɛnɪkəl fɔrˈmeɪʃən ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz, ðə kɔrs wɑz hɛld baɪ ðə ˌɛkjuˈmɛnɪkəl ˈɪnstɪˌtut ɪn ɪn kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ɔn ˈdaɪəˌlɔg ənd kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə pɔr (ˌɪnˈtər noʊɪŋ faʊnˈdeɪʃən) ənd ðə ɛt ˈsɔrsəz (ruts ənd ˈsɔrsəz faʊnˈdeɪʃən).
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(photo: wcc / peter williams)a community of young christians, muslims and jews working for climate justice in switzerland on august 18, 2014 at the ecumenical institute, château de bossey, near geneva.
a group of christian, muslim and jewish youth has formed a multi-faith community to protect creation that will communicate its message to the u.n. secretary general's climate summit on september 23.
as part of an interfaith summer course sponsored by the world council of churches, this community wants to work for the protection of creation as it is a concern they say is common to all faith traditions, the wcc said in a statment on 20 august.
this community of 19 christian, muslim and jewish students from 12 different countries was hosted by the wcc's ecumenical institute in bossey, switzerland, from august 4 to 22.
among participants in the course was tariq abdul akbar, a 21-year-old muslim from the united states.
a convert to islam at the age 18, and a student at the community college of baltimore, akbar realizes the importance of working together as religious communities for climate justice.
"where i come from, i observe separations within diversity. it is often politics rather than religious philosophies that divide us," said akbar. "however, we must know as people of faith that we need to put aside our religious differences and come together to raise awareness about climate change.
"after all this is a human rights issue and affects all people in the world."
akbar will be in a group of young people who will participate at the interfaith summit on climate change in new york which will be held from september 21 to 22.
the students in the summer course are drafting a statement on climate change to present at the summit.
this statement, akbar explained, will feature perspectives from young people, who want to see visible actions from the states and policy makers for climate justice.
"with leaders from the wcc and other religious communities, we hope to communicate our concerns at the united nations secretary general's climate summit on september 23.
"we hope to include voices from young people in the global debate on climate change," akbar said.
mark edwards, another student from the church of ceylon in sri lanka, echoed similar views.
edwards highlighted the impact of climate change on developing countries, which he says are bearing the brunt of ecological disasters.
through scriptural reasoning sessions, where religious texts from christian, muslim and jewish traditions were studied, edwards found his inspiration to address climate issues.
"the ethical responsibility to respect creation is common to all the abrahamic faiths," he said. "the earth is a gift to all of us and we are responsible for its well-being," he said.
edwards said the scriptural reasoning made him adopt a new perspective on his work regarding climate issues in local communities.
"even if we interpret and understand religious texts in different ways, there are common visions in our holy books that teach us to respect our environment," he said.
responsible for the future
"we are responsible for the future of our children. therefore, we must use our religious and ethical responsibility to create awareness about climate change," edwards noted.
on his return to sri lanka, a predominantly buddhist country with christians, hindus and muslims, edwards hopes to conduct meetings for youth and children in his church.
"through these programs, we hope to encourage young people to create awareness about climate change and its impact."
for liron alkolombra, a representative of the jewish tradition at the summer course in bossey, living in a multi-faith community was an "eye opener."
"living together as one community has made us take off our masks and shed stereotypes," said alkolombra.
"our visit to a synagogue, a church and a mosque in switzerland moved me.
"i realized that we all believe in one god and are part of humanity," she said. "while in the class rooms we have respectful discussions, outside the class rooms we still encounter real lives," she said.
these encounters, alkolombra said, made her value mutual respect while not shying away from realities.
alkolombra, who is a tour guide in the city of jerusalem, said that water is a major issue in her region.
"i have been raised in a culture, where i know the importance of water. i knew as a child that we must not waste water."
while faced with such challenges, she continued, our religious traditions require us to speak about climate change, water scarcity and issues that concerns all.
alkolombra will also participate in the new york interfaith summit on climate change.
the interfaith summer course is organized each year since 2007.
as part of the ecumenical formation initiatives, the course was held by the ecumenical institute in bossey in collaboration with the wcc programme on inter-religious dialogue and cooperation, along with the fondation pour l'entre-connaissance (inter knowing foundation) and the fondation racines et sources (roots and sources foundation).
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ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ wɑz ˈkrɪsməs iv, wɪʧ mɛnt ðə ˌɛnˈwaɪˌpiˌdi wɑz ɔn pəˈtroʊl ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈdraɪvərz hu wər nis, ɪt simz! ˈɔfɪsərz frəm ðə ˈpriˌsɪŋkt ɪn ðə brɑŋks stɑpt ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈviɪkəlz ðət wər oʊˈbeɪɪŋ ˈtræfɪk rulz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ gɪv ðə ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ðə kɑz ˈkrɪsməs gɪfts. jɛs, ˈsaɪrənz ənd laɪts wər juzd ənd ðə ˈdraɪvərz simd ɪkˈstrimli kənfˈjuzd: ˈɛnˌbiˈsi nu jɔrk ˈɔlsoʊ wɛnt əˈlɔŋ fər ðə raɪd, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd wən ˈdraɪvər ˈlʊkɪŋ kənfˈjuzd ɛz ðə ˈɔfɪsər spoʊk tɪ hər, wɪθ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ənd stɪl ˈkæmərəz ˈpirɪŋ æt hər kɑr: əˈnəðər ˈdraɪvər toʊld "aɪ wɑz ˈnərvəs ə ˈlɪtəl. aɪ noʊ maɪ ˈpeɪpərˌwərk ɪz gʊd fər ðə kɑr. aɪ wɑz laɪk, goʊɪŋ on?’*?’ bət aɪ ˈrɪli əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ju gaɪz ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt tɪ ðə kəmˈjunɪti ənd ʃoʊɪŋ jʊr səˈpɔrt." soʊ ˈmɛni tɔɪz wər ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd tɪ ðə tɔɪ draɪv ðət ðə ˈpriˌsɪŋkt ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ʃɛr ðə ˈaɪtəmz wɪθ ˈrɛzɪdənts ɪn ðə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd. ˈkæptən ʤɑn ɔrɛˈlænə sɛd, "ðɪs ɪz ə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ðət ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ðɛr nɑt ˈfɔrʧənət ɪˈnəf, səm kɪdz ɪn ðə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd, soʊ ɪts ə gʊd θɪŋ wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ du." ðə ˌɛnˈwaɪˌpiˌdi ɪz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈhæʃˌtæg wɪn ˈpoʊstɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪt; ɪts ənˈklɪr ɪf ðɪs wɪl bɪˈkəm ə dəˈbɑkəl. awwww*. ɪts ˈvɛri ˌrɛməˈnɪsənt əv ðɪs:
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yesterday was christmas eve, which meant the nypd was on patrol looking for drivers who were naughty—and nice, it seems! officers from the 47th precinct in the bronx stopped a number of vehicles that were obeying traffic rules in order to give the children in the cars christmas gifts. yes, sirens and lights were used and the drivers seemed extremely confused:
nbc new york also went along for the ride, which included one driver looking confused as the officer spoke to her, with tv and still cameras peering at her car:
another driver told ny1, "i was nervous a little. i know my paperwork is good for the car. i was like, ‘what's going on?’ but i really appreciate you guys coming out to the community and showing your support."
so many toys were donated to the 47th's toy drive that the precinct decided to share the items with residents in the neighborhood. captain john orellana said, "this is a neighborhood that unfortunately, they're not fortunate enough, some kids in the neighborhood, so it's a good thing we wanted to do."
the nypd is using the hashtag #itswhatwedo when posting about it; it's unclear if this will become a #mynypd debacle.
awwww. it's very reminiscent of this:
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ʤɑn si. 490 si. 570 ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ʤɑn ðə ər ʤɑn əv ˌæləgˈzændriə, wɑz ə ˈbɪzənˌtin philologist*, ərˌɪstəˈtiliən ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər ənd ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˌθiəˈloʊʤiən, ˈɔθər əv ə kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈnəmbər əv ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl ˈtritəsəz ənd ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkəl wərks. ə ˈrɪgərəs, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz pəˈlɛməkəl ˈraɪtər ənd ən ərˈɪʤənəl ˈθɪŋkər hu wɑz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ɪn hɪz oʊn taɪm, ʤɑn broʊk frəm ðə trəˈdɪʃən, kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ɛmˈpɪrəˌsɪzəm ɪn ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈsaɪənsɪz. hi wɑz wən əv ðə fərst tɪ prəˈpoʊz ə "ˈθɪri əv ˈɪmpətəs" ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə ˈmɑdərn ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ˌɪˈnərʃə ˈoʊvər ərˌɪstəˈtiliən daɪˈnæmɪks. ˈleɪtər ɪn laɪf tərnd tɪ ˈkrɪsʧɪn apologetics*, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə ɪˈtərnəti əv ðə wərld, ə ˈθɪri wɪʧ fɔrmd ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ˈpeɪgən əˈtæks ɔn ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈdɔktərɪn əv kriˈeɪʃən. hi ˈɔlsoʊ roʊt ɔn ənd wɑz ˈpɑsʧʊməsli kənˈdɛmd ɛz ə ˈhɛrətɪk baɪ ðə ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ʧərʧ ɪn bɪˈkəz əv wət wɑz pərˈsivd ɛz ə ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv ðə ˈtrɪnɪti. hɪz ˈtrænsˌleɪts ɛz "ˈləvər əv tɔɪl", i.e*. "ˈdɪlɪʤənt," rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ə ɪn ˌæləgˈzændriə, ðə philoponoi*, hu wər ˈæktɪv ɪn dəˈbeɪtɪŋ ˈpeɪgən (i.e*. ˌnioʊpləˈtɑnɪk) fəˈlɑsəfərz. hɪz ˈpɑsʧʊməs ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən ˈlɪmɪtɪd ðə sprɛd əv hɪz ˈraɪtɪŋ, bət ˈkɑpiz əv hɪz wərk dɪd ˈsərkjəˌleɪt ɪn grik ər ˈlætən ˈvərʒənz ɪn mɪˈdjivəl ˈjʊrəp, ˈɪnˌfluənsɪŋ ˈbɑnəˌvɛnʧər ənd. hɪz wərk wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈsivd ɪn ˈɛrəbɪk ˈskɑlərli trəˈdɪʃən, wɛr hi ɪz noʊn ɛz yaḥyā*ā al-naḥwī*ī (i.e*. "ʤɑn ðə"). hɪz krɪˈtik əv ˈɛrəˌstɑtəl ɪn ðə ˈfɪzɪks ˈkɑmənˌtɛri wɑz ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈɪnfluəns ɔn ˌʤioʊˈvɑni ˈpikoʊ ˈdɛlə ənd ˌgæləˈlioʊ galilei*, hu ˈsaɪtɪd səbˈstænʃəli ɪn hɪz laɪf ˈɛdət ˌɔlˈðoʊ' ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtɪŋ frəm ə ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈfæməli ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl, ˈnəθɪŋ ɪz noʊn əv hɪz ˈərli laɪf. ˈstədid æt ðə skul əv ˌæləgˈzændriə ənd bɪˈgæn ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ frəm əˈbaʊt 510 hi wɑz ə ˈpjupəl ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪm tɪ ðə ˌnioʊpləˈtɑnɪk fəˈlɑsəfər hermiae*, hu hæd ˈstədid æt ˈæθənz ˈəndər.' ˈərli ˈraɪtɪŋz ər beɪst ɔn ˈlɛkʧərz ˈgɪvɪn baɪ, bət ˈgræʤuəli hi ɪˈstæblɪʃt hɪz oʊn ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪn hɪz ˈkɑmənˌtɛriz ənd krɪˈtiks əv ˈɛrəˌstɑtəlz ɔn ðə soʊl ənd ˈfɪzɪks. ɪn ðə ˈlætər wərk bɪˈkeɪm wən əv ðə ˈərliəst ˈθɪŋkərz tɪ ˈriʤɛkt ˈɛrəˌstɑtəlz daɪˈnæmɪks ənd prəˈpoʊz ðə "ˈθɪri əv i.e*., ən ˈɑbʤɛkt muvz ənd kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ muv bɪˈkəz əv ən ˈɛnərʤi ˌɪmˈpɑrtɪd ɪn ɪt baɪ ðə ˈmuvər ənd ˈsisɪz ðə ˈmuvmənt wɪn ðət ˈɛnərʤi ɪz ɪgˈzɔstɪd. ðɪs ˈɪnˌsaɪtfəl ˈθɪri wɑz ðə fərst stɛp təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ˌɪˈnərʃə ɪn ˈmɑdərn ˈfɪzɪks, ˌɔlˈðoʊ' ˈθɪri wɑz ˈlɑrʤli ˌɪgˈnɔrd æt ðə taɪm bɪˈkəz hi wɑz tu ˈrædɪkəl ɪn hɪz rɪˈʤɛkʃən əv ˈɛrəˌstɑtəl. bət ðɪs [vju əv ˈɛrəˌstɑtəl] ɪz kəmˈplitli ɛˈroʊniəs, ənd ɑr vju meɪ bi kəmˈplitli kərˈɑbərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ˈækʧəwəl ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən mɔr ˈifɛktɪvli ðən baɪ ˈɛni sɔrt əv ˈvərbəl ˈɑrgjəmənt. fər ɪf ju lɛt fɔl frəm ðə seɪm haɪt tu weɪts, wən ˈmɛni taɪmz ˈhɛviər ðən ðə ˈəðər ju wɪl si ðət ðə ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ əv ðə taɪmz rikˈwaɪərd fər ðə ˈmoʊʃən dɪz nɑt dɪˈpɛnd [ˈsoʊəli] ɔn ðə weɪts, bət ðət ðə ˈdɪfərəns ɪn taɪm ɪz ˈvɛri smɔl. ʤɑn' ˌrɛfjuˈteɪʃən əv ðə ərˌɪstəˈtiliən kleɪm ðət ðə ɪˈlæpst taɪm fər ə ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈbɑdi ɪz ˌɪnˈvərsli prəˈpɔrʃənəl tɪ ɪts ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈraɪtər əv ænˈtɪkwəti tɪ hæv ˈfɔrməli pərˈzɛnəd səʧ ə ˈkɑnsɛpt. ɛz ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri əv ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl əv ˌɪˈnərʃə ɪz ðə ˈhɑlˌmɑrk əˈʧivmənt əv ˈmɑdərn saɪəns ɛz ɪt ˈimərʤɪz ɪn ðə tɪ ˈsɛnʧəriz, piɛr ˈɑrgjuz ðət ɪts ˌɪnˈvɛnʃən wʊd pʊt əˈməŋ ðə "greɪt ˈʤinjəsɪz əv ænˈtɪkwəti" ənd ðə "ˈprɪnsəpəl priˈkərsərz tɪ ˈmɑdərn saɪəns", ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi hoʊldz ɪt mɔr ˈlaɪkli ðət meɪ hæv rɪˈsivd ðə aɪˈdiə frəm ən ˈərliər, ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˌənrɪˈkɔrdɪd skul əv ɪn 529 roʊt hɪz krɪˈtik ɔn ðə ɪˈtərnəti əv ðə wərld əˈgɛnst ɪn wɪʧ hi ˌsɪstəˈmætɪkli dɪˈfits ˈɛvəri ˈɑrgjəmənt pʊt ˈfɔrwərd fər ðə ɪˈtərnəti əv ðə wərld, ə ˈθɪri wɪʧ fɔrmd ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ˈpeɪgən əˈtæk əv ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈdɔktərɪn əv kriˈeɪʃən. ðə ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈbætəl əˈgɛnst bɪˈkeɪm wən əv' ˈmeɪʤər priˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃənz ənd ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ˈsɛvərəl əv hɪz ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz (səm naʊ lɔst) ˈoʊvər ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈdɛkeɪd. hi ˌɪntrəˈdust ə nu ˈpɪriəd əv ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk θɔt beɪst ˈhɛvəli ɔn θri ˈprɛməsəz: 1 ðə ˈjunəˌvərs ɪz ə ˈprɑdəkt əv wən ˈsɪŋgəl gɑd, 2 ðə ˈhɛvənz ənd ðə ərθ hæv ðə seɪm ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈprɑpərtiz, 3 ənd ðə stɑrz ər nɑt wɪθ ðiz ˈprɪnsəpəlz wɛnt ˈæftər hɪz ˈraɪvəl, əv sɪˈlɪʃə, baɪ kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ˈɛrəˌstɑtəlz' vju əv daɪˈnæmɪks ənd hi ˈɑrgjud ðət ˈmoʊʃən kən əˈkər ɪn ə vɔɪd ənd ðət ðə vəˈlɑsəti əv ə ˈfɑlɪŋ ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪz nɑt beɪst ɔn ɪts hi ˈɔlsoʊ hɛld ðət gɑd kriˈeɪtɪd ɔl ˈmætər wɪθ ɪts ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈprɑpərtiz ənd wɪθ ˈnæʧərəl lɔz ðət wʊd əˈlaʊ ˈmætər tɪ ˈprɑˌgrɛs frəm ə steɪt əv keɪɑs tɪ ən ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd steɪt ˈfɔrmɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzənt wət rɪˈmeɪnz əv hɪz ˈraɪtɪŋz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət hi juzd ðə seɪm daɪˈdæktɪk ˈmɛθədz əv ˈrizənɪŋ ðət ˈmɑdərn saɪəns ˈjuzɪz ənd ðət hi pərˈfɔrmd ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ðə staɪl əv hɪz ˈkɑmənˌtɛriz ənd hɪz kənˈkluʒənz meɪd ˌənˈpɑpjələr wɪθ hɪz ˈkɑligz ənd ˈfɛloʊ fəˈlɑsəfərz, ənd hi əˈpɪrz tɪ hæv sist hɪz ˈstədi əv fəˈlɑsəfi əraʊnd 530 dɪˈvoʊtɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ θiˈɑləʤi ˌɪnˈstɛd. əraʊnd 550 hi roʊt ə ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkəl wərk ɔn ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ðə wərld ɛz ə ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ɔn ðə ˈstɔri əv kriˈeɪʃən, ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈɪnˌsaɪts əv grik fəˈlɑsəfərz ənd ˈbæzəl ðə greɪt. ɪn ðɪs wərk hi ˈtrænsfərz hɪz ˈθɪri əv ˈɪmpətəs tɪ ðə ˈmoʊʃən əv ðə ˈplænəts, wɛˈræz ˈɛrəˌstɑtəl hæd prəˈpoʊzd ˈdɪfərənt ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃənz fər ðə ˈmoʊʃən əv ˈhɛvənli ˈbɑdiz ənd fər ˈərθli prɑˈʤɛktəlz. ðəs' ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkəl wərk ɪz ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv saɪəns ɛz ðə fərst əˈtɛmpt æt ə ˈjunəˌfaɪd ˈθɪri əv daɪˈnæmɪks. əˈnəðər əv hɪz ˈmeɪʤər ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkəl kənˈsərnz wɑz tɪ ˈɑrgju ðət ɔl məˈtɪriəl ˈɑbʤɛkts wər brɔt ˈɪntu biɪŋ baɪ gɑd (ˈɑrbɪtər, 52a–b*). əraʊnd 553 meɪd səm ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz tɪ ðə ˈkaʊnsəl əv ˌkɑnstæntəˈnoʊpəl kənˈsərnɪŋ. hɪz ˈdɔktərɪn ɔn kraɪsts duˈæləti, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wɪʧ ɪn kraɪst rɪˈmeɪn tu juˈnaɪtɪd ˈsəbstənsɪz, juˈnaɪtɪd bət dɪˈvaɪdɪd, ɪz əˈnæləgəs tɪ ðə ˈjunjən əv ðə soʊl ənd ˈbɑdi ɪn ˈjumən biɪŋz ənd ˌkoʊɪnˈsaɪdz wɪθ ðə skul əv θɔt. hi ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈdust ˈraɪtɪŋz ɔn ðə ˈtrɪnɪti əraʊnd ðɪs taɪm. ˈɑrbɪtər, ʤɑn' magnum”*” stændz ɪn ðə laɪn wɪθ st*. ˈsɪrəl əv ˌæləgˈzændriə ənd əv əˈsərtəd ðə ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv kraɪst ɛz dɪˈvaɪn ənd ˈjumən, ɪn ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈɔθərz hu stroʊv tɪ riʧ ə ˈmɪdəl graʊnd. ˈlɛgəsi ˈɛdət ˈæftər hɪz dɛθ, ʤɑn wɑz dɪˈklɛrd tɪ hæv hɛld hɛˈrɛtɪkəl vjuz əv ðə ˈtrɪnɪti ənd wɑz meɪd əˈnæθəmə æt ðə θərd ˈkaʊnsəl əv ˌkɑnstæntəˈnoʊpəl ɪn ðɪs ˈlɪmɪtɪd ðə sprɛd əv hɪz aɪˈdiəz ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈsɛnʧəriz, bət ɪn hɪz oʊn taɪm ənd ˈæftərwərdz hi wɑz trænzˈleɪtəd ˈɪntu ənd ˈɛrəbɪk, ənd ˈmɛni əv hɪz wərks sərˈvaɪvd ənd wər ˈstədid baɪ ðə ˈærəbz. səm əv hɪz wərks kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ˈsərkjəˌleɪt ɪn ˈjʊrəp ɪn grik ər ˈlætən ˈvərʒənz ənd ˈɪnfluənst ˈbɑnəˌvɛnʧər. ðə ˈθɪri əv ˈɪmpətəs wɑz ˈteɪkən əp baɪ ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri. ənd hɪz kənˈtɛmpərˌɛriz, əv sɪˈlɪʃə ənd dɪˈvɛləpt ðə ərˌɪstəˈtiliən ˈkɑnsɛpt əv speɪs ˈfərðər, ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈɪnˌfluənsɪŋ ðə ˌrɛnəˈsɑns ˈθɪri əv pərˈspɛktɪv, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ðə wən ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd baɪ liɑn bəˈtistə ɑlˈbɛrti, ənd ˈəðər ˌɑrkəˈtɛkʧərəl wərks ˈɛdət ʤɑn roʊt æt list 40 wərks ɔn ə waɪd əreɪ əv ˈsəbʤɪkts ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈgræmər, ˌmæθəˈmætɪks, ˈfɪzɪks, ˈkɛmɪstri, ənd θiˈɑləʤi. ðə ˈkɑmənˌtɛriz əv ðə leɪt ænˈtɪkwəti ənd ˈərli ˈmɪdəl ˈeɪʤɪz eɪmd tɪ tiʧ ən ˈɔdiəns. ɪn ðət rɪˈgɑrd, ðə rɪˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈneɪʧər əv philoponus’*’ ˈkɑmənˌtɛriz ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts hɪz ˌpɛdəˈgɑʤɪkəl əˈwɛrnəs. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈæbˌstrækt ɪn ˈmænər, ɪz ˈʧifli ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt ɪn kˈwɛʃən. moʊst əv philoponus’*’ ˈərli ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl wərks straɪv tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ðə dɪˈstɪŋkʃən bɪtˈwin ˈmætər, ɪkˈstɛnʃən, pleɪs, ənd ˈvɛriəs kaɪnz əv ʧeɪnʤ. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ɔn ðə ɪˈtərnəti əv ðə wərld əˈgɛnst ˈɛrəˌstɑtəl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ə ˈstændərˌdaɪzd dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv ərˌɪstəˈtiliən ˈnæʧərəl boʊθ ˈɛrəˌstɑtəl ənd ˈɑrgju ðət ɪn kaɪnz əv ʧeɪnʤ ðɛr ər ˈdɪfərənsɪz, ɪn ðɛr fɔrm ənd ˈmætər. ɪn ˈfɪzɪks, ˈɛrəˌstɑtəl ˈɑpərˌeɪts wɪθ ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈpleɪsɪz, bət dɪsˈmɪsɪz ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv speɪs. ðə aɪˈdiə ðət keɪm frəm ˈpleɪtoʊ ənd wɑz dɪˈvɛləpt baɪ ˈɛrəˌstɑtəl həz bɪn ɪˈvɑlvd baɪ. əˈtɛmpts tɪ ˈkɑmbaɪn ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˌhoʊməˈʤiniəs speɪs wɪθ ðə ərˌɪstəˈtiliən ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt meɪd baɪ ɪz ðət ˈsəbstənsɪz baɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˌrikˈwaɪər səm dɪˈtərməˌneɪt kˈwɑntəti fər ðɛr biɪŋ. ˈsɪmələrli tɪ ˈɛrəˌstɑtəl, hu rɪˈʤɛktɪd ðə ˌɪməˈtɪriəl θɪŋz, ənd ɪn ˈkɑntræst tɪ ˈpleɪtoʊ hu ækˈsɛptɪd ˌɪməˈtɪriəl ˈsəbstənsɪz ɪn hɪz ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪks, philoponus’*’ ˈkɑnsɛpt əv ˈsəbstəns rɪˈfərz tɪ ðə məˈtɪriəl ˈɑbʤɛkts. kənˈsərnɪŋ ðə dɪˈskəʃən əv speɪs, philoponus’*’ kleɪm ðət frəm ˈɛvəri pɔɪnt ɪn speɪs ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ drɔ aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ˈfɪgjərz, meɪd ɪm bi pərˈsivd ɛz ən ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv ˈθɪŋkər hu ˈɪnfluənst ˈleɪtər ˌrɛnəˈsɑns ˈskɑlərz, fər ˈɪnstəns, ˈpikoʊ ˈdɛlə ənd ˌgæləˈlioʊ galilei*. ðəs,' aɪˈdiə əv pərˈspɛktɪv ˈsɪgnəˌfaɪz ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt əv speɪs ɛz ˌɪməˈtɪriəl θˌrizdɪˈmɛnʃənəl ˈmidiəm ɪn wɪʧ ˈɑbʤɛkts ər ɪn ðə θərd bʊk əv də anima*, ɛnˈtaɪtəld də intellectu*, ˈænəˌlaɪzɪz ðə ˈdɔktərɪn əv ðə ˈɪnəˌlɛkt. ðə ˈɔθər ər pseudo-philoponus*?) sɛts ðə ˈθɪri ɔn ðə roʊl ənd ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ əv ðə ˈæktɪv ɔn wən hænd, ðɛr ɪz ðə ˈæktɪv ˈɪnəˌlɛkt, ənd ɔn ðə ˈəðər, ðə aɪˈdiə əv pərˈsɛpʃən əˈwɛrnəs ər haʊ wi ər əˈwɛr ðət wi ər pərˈsivɪŋ. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ɪn ðɪs rɪˈflɛktɪv fəˈlɑsəfi, ðɛr ɪz ə kənˈkluʒən wɪʧ ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪz ə riˈleɪʃən bɪtˈwin sɛlf ənd truθ wɪʧ lidz tɪ ðə dɪˈskəʃən əv ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ˈnɑlɪʤ. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɪs vju, ðə ˈnɑlɪʤ ɪz aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ɪts ˈɑbʤɛkt, sɪns ðə əv pərˈsɛpʃən ɪz dɪˈvɔrst frəm ðə ˌɪˈræʃənəl soul.therefore*, ðə ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ərˈaɪzɪz θru ðə aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən əv ðə ˈɪnəˌlɛkt ənd ɪts ˈɑbʤɛkt. mɔr spəˈsɪfɪkli, pərˈsɛpʃən dilz ˈoʊnli wɪθ məˈtɪriəl həz reɪzd ðə ˈsɛntrəl kˈwɛʃən əv ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ənd ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl wərk ɔn ˈkɛmɪstri. ðə wərk kɔld ɔn ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ənd kərˈəpʃən ɪgˈzæmənz ðə kˈwɛʃən əv haʊ ɪz ðə ˈmɪksʧər (ˈkɛmɪkəl ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən) ˈpɑsəbəl? philoponus’*’ ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ðə ˈtɑpɪk ɪz ɪn hɪz nu ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv pəˈtɛnʃəl, ðə θərd əv ðə ˈsɛvən ˈɛləmənts kraɪˈtɪriə. ðɛr ər ˈvɛriəs ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃənz əv ðə ˈθɪri əv ˈmɪksʧər, bət ɪt simz ðət ɪz ˈrəðər rɪˈfaɪnɪŋ əˈproʊʧ ðən rɪˈʤɛktɪŋ ɪt. wən əv ˌɪnˈtərprətərz əv philophonus’*’ wərk ɔn ðə ˈθɪri əv ˈmɪksʧər, də hɑs, ˌɪmˈplaɪz ðət ˈɛləmənt kən pəˈzɛs ə kˈwɑləti ɛˈsɛnʃəl tɪ ɪt ɪkˈsɛpt tɪ ə sʊˈpərlətɪv ˌθiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈtritəsəz ˈɛdət philoponus’*’ ˈmeɪʤər wərk ɪz ˈɑrbɪtər. ðə wərk wɑz ˈrɪtən ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈkaʊnsəl əv ˌkɑnstæntəˈnoʊpəl əv ɪt bɪˈkeɪm ˈfeɪməs ɪn rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ɪts ˈdɔktərɪn ɔn ˌrɛzərˈɛkʃən. ˈsɪmələrli tɪ aɪˈdiəz pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ˈfɪzɪks, ɪn ðə wərk ˈtaɪtəld ˈɑrbɪtər steɪts ðət ɑr kərˈəptɪd ˈbɑdiz (məˈtɪriəl θɪŋz) wɪl bi ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli brɔt ˈɪntu biɪŋ (ˈmætər ənd fɔrm) baɪ si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət ˈfərðər ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈɛdət
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john philoponus (; ἰωάννης ὁ φιλόπονος; c. 490 c. 570), also known as john the grammarian or john of alexandria, was a byzantine alexandrian philologist, aristotelian commentator and christian theologian, author of a considerable number of philosophical treatises and theological works. a rigorous, sometimes polemical writer and an original thinker who was controversial in his own time, john philoponus broke from the aristotelian–neoplatonic tradition, questioning methodology and eventually leading to empiricism in the natural sciences. he was one of the first to propose a "theory of impetus" similar to the modern concept of inertia over aristotelian dynamics.
later in life philoponus turned to christian apologetics, arguing against the eternity of the world, a theory which formed the basis of pagan attacks on the christian doctrine of creation. he also wrote on christology and was posthumously condemned as a heretic by the imperial church in 680–81 because of what was perceived as a tritheistic interpretation of the trinity.
his by-name ὁ φιλόπονος translates as "lover of toil", i.e. "diligent," referring to a miaphysite confraternity in alexandria, the philoponoi, who were active in debating pagan (i.e. neoplatonic) philosophers.
his posthumous condemnation limited the spread of his writing, but copies of his work did circulate in greek or latin versions in medieval europe, influencing bonaventure and buridan. his work was also received in arabic scholarly tradition, where he is known as yaḥyā al-naḥwī (i.e. "john the grammarian"). his critique of aristotle in the physics commentary was a major influence on giovanni pico della mirandola and galileo galilei, who cited philoponus substantially in his works.[1][2]
life [ edit ]
although philoponus' originating from a christian family is possible, nothing is known of his early life. philoponus studied at the school of alexandria and began publishing from about 510. he was a pupil and sometime amanuensis to the neoplatonic philosopher ammonius hermiae, who had studied at athens under proclus.
philoponus' early writings are based on lectures given by ammonius, but gradually he established his own independent thinking in his commentaries and critiques of aristotle's on the soul and physics. in the latter work philoponus became one of the earliest thinkers to reject aristotle's dynamics and propose the "theory of impetus":[4] i.e., an object moves and continues to move because of an energy imparted in it by the mover and ceases the movement when that energy is exhausted. this insightful theory was the first step towards the concept of inertia in modern physics, although philoponus' theory was largely ignored at the time because he was too radical in his rejection of aristotle.
but this [view of aristotle] is completely erroneous, and our view may be completely corroborated by actual observation more effectively than by any sort of verbal argument. for if you let fall from the same height two weights, one many times heavier than the other you will see that the ratio of the times required for the motion does not depend [solely] on the weights, but that the difference in time is very small. ... — john philoponus' refutation of the aristotelian claim that the elapsed time for a falling body is inversely proportional to its weight[5]
philoponus is the only writer of antiquity to have formally presented such a concept. as the discovery of the principle of inertia is the hallmark achievement of modern science as it emerges in the 16th to 17th centuries, pierre duhem argues that its invention would put philoponus among the "great geniuses of antiquity" and the "principal precursors to modern science", although he holds it more likely that philoponus may have received the idea from an earlier, otherwise unrecorded alexandrian school of mechanics.[6]
in 529 philoponus wrote his critique on the eternity of the world against proclus in which he systematically defeats every argument put forward for the eternity of the world, a theory which formed the basis of pagan attack of the christian doctrine of creation. the intellectual battle against eternalism became one of philoponus' major preoccupations and dominated several of his publications (some now lost) over the following decade.
he introduced a new period of scientific thought based heavily on three premises: (1) the universe is a product of one single god, (2) the heavens and the earth have the same physical properties, (3) and the stars are not divine.[7] with these principles philoponus went after his rival, simplicius of cilicia, by questioning aristotle's' view of dynamics and cosmology.[7] he argued that motion can occur in a void and that the velocity of a falling object is not based on its weight.[7] he also held that god created all matter with its physical properties and with natural laws that would allow matter to progress from a state of chaos to an organized state forming the present universe.[7] what remains of his writings indicate that he used the same didactic methods of reasoning that modern science uses and that he performed genuine experiments.[7]
the style of his commentaries and his conclusions made philoponus unpopular with his colleagues and fellow philosophers, and he appears to have ceased his study of philosophy around 530, devoting himself to theology instead. around 550 he wrote a theological work on the creation of the world as a commentary on the bible’s story of creation, using the insights of greek philosophers and basil the great. in this work he transfers his theory of impetus to the motion of the planets, whereas aristotle had proposed different explanations for the motion of heavenly bodies and for earthly projectiles. thus philoponus' theological work is recognized in the history of science as the first attempt at a unified theory of dynamics. another of his major theological concerns was to argue that all material objects were brought into being by god (arbiter, 52a–b).
around 553 philoponus made some theological contributions to the council of constantinople concerning christology. his doctrine on christ's duality, according to which in christ remain two united substances, united but divided, is analogous to the union of the soul and body in human beings and coincides with the miaphysite school of thought. he also produced writings on the trinity around this time. arbiter, john philoponus' christological “opus magnum” stands in the line with st. cyril of alexandria and severus of antioch.[8] philoponus asserted the understanding of christ as divine and human, in opposition to chalcedonian authors who strove to reach a middle ground.
legacy [ edit ]
after his death, john philoponus was declared to have held heretical views of the trinity and was made anathema at the third council of constantinople in 680-681. this limited the spread of his ideas in the following centuries, but in his own time and afterwards he was translated into syriac and arabic, and many of his works survived and were studied by the arabs. some of his works continued to circulate in europe in greek or latin versions and influenced bonaventure. the theory of impetus was taken up by buridan in the 14th century.
philoponus and his contemporaries, simplicius of cilicia and strato developed the aristotelian concept of space further, eventually influencing the renaissance theory of perspective, particularly the one highlighted by leon battista alberti, and other architectural masters.[1][9]
works [ edit ]
john philoponus wrote at least 40 works on a wide array of subjects including grammar, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and theology.
the commentaries of the late antiquity and early middle ages aimed to teach an audience. in that regard, the repetitive nature of philoponus’ commentaries demonstrates his pedagogical awareness. although abstract in manner, philoponus is chiefly focused on the concept in question.
most of philoponus’ early philosophical works strive to define the distinction between matter, extension, place, and various kinds of change. for example, the commentary on the eternity of the world against aristotle represents a standardized description of aristotelian natural philosophy.[27] both aristotle and philoponus argue that in kinds of change there are differences, in their form and matter.
in physics, aristotle operates with the idea of places, but dismisses the existence of space. the idea that came from plato and was developed by aristotle has been evolved by philoponus. philoponus attempts to combine the idea of homogeneous space with the aristotelian system.[1] the argument made by philoponus is that substances by themselves require some determinate quantity for their being. similarly to aristotle, who rejected the immaterial things, and in contrast to plato who accepted immaterial substances in his metaphysics, philoponus’ concept of substance refers to the material objects.
concerning the discussion of space, philoponus’ claim that from every point in space is possible to draw identical figures, made him be perceived as an innovative thinker who influenced later renaissance scholars, for instance, gianfranceso pico della mirandola and galileo galilei. thus, philoponus' idea of perspective signifies the concept of space as immaterial three-dimensional medium in which objects are located.[1]
in the third book of de anima, entitled de intellectu, philoponus analyzes the doctrine of the intellect. the author (philoponus or pseudo-philoponus?) sets the theory on the role and functioning of the active intellect.[28] on one hand, there is the active intellect, and on the other, the idea of perception awareness or how we are aware that we are perceiving. in other words, in this reflective philosophy, there is a rationalist conclusion which emphasizes a relation between self and truth which leads to the discussion of the nature of knowledge.
according to this view, the knowledge is identical to its object, since the self-awareness of perception is divorced from the irrational soul.therefore, the understanding arises through the identification of the intellect and its object. more specifically, perception deals only with material things.[29]
philoponus has raised the central question of the scientific and philosophical aristotle’s work on chemistry. the work called on generation and corruption examines the question of how is the mixture (chemical combination) possible? philoponus’ contribution to the topic is in his new definition of potential, the third of the seven elements criteria. there are various interpretations of the theory of mixture, but it seems that philoponus is rather refining aristotle’s approach than rejecting it. one of interpreters of philophonus’ work on the theory of mixture, de haas, implies that “no element can possess a quality essential to it except to a superlative extent”.[30][31]
theological treatises [ edit ]
philoponus’ major christological work is arbiter. the work was written shortly before the second council of constantinople of 553.[32] it became famous in regard to its doctrine on resurrection. similarly to ideas presented in physics, philoponus in the work titled arbiter states that our corrupted bodies (material things) will be eventually brought into being (matter and form) by god.[8]
see also [ edit ]
references [ edit ]
further reading [ edit ]
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ɪn ən əˈbændənd goʊld maɪn kloʊz tɪ ˈdɛdˌwʊd, saʊθ dəˈkoʊtə, kənˈstrəkʃən həz ˈstɑrtɪd ɔn wət ɪz ˈɑrgjuəbli ðə ˈlɑrʤəst saɪəns ɪkˈspɛrəmənt. pɑrt əv ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl tim əv əraʊnd ˈsaɪəntɪsts əˈsɛmbəld tɪ dɪˈzaɪn ənd rən ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt ðə dip ˈəndərˌgraʊnd nuˈtrinoʊ ɪkˈspɛrəmənt (dun) ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈstədi ðə moʊst əˈbəndənt jɛt ɪˈlusɪv ˈmætər ˈpɑrtɪkəl ɪn ðə ˈjunəˌvərs. ɪn duɪŋ soʊ, wi meɪ muv ə stɛp ˈkloʊzər tɪ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðə ˈɔrəʤɪnz əv ˈmætər ənd tɪ kəmˈplitɪŋ ˈmɑdəl əv haʊ ðə ˈjunəˌvərs wərks. waɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt həz naʊ kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈlɑrʤəst kənˈtrɪbjətər tɪ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈæftər ðə ˈjuˈɛs. ˈpɑrtɪkəl ˈfɪzɪsɪsts laɪk mi ər ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪd baɪ nuˈtrinoʊz bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˈprɑpərtiz, wɪʧ meɪ bi dɪˈrɛkli lɪŋkt tɪ fəˈnɑmənə ðət kʊd ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˈstrəkʧər əv ðə ˈjunəˌvərs. nuˈtrinoʊz ər wən əv ðə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈpɑrtɪkəlz ðət bi ˈbroʊkən daʊn ˈɪntu ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls. ðeɪ ər ˈɛvriˌwɛr bət ər ɪˈnɔrməsli ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ kæʧ ɛz ðeɪ hæv ˈvɛri ˈnɪrli noʊ mæs, ər nɑt ʧɑrʤd ənd ˈrɛrli ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ ˈəðər ˈpɑrtɪkəlz. əˈbaʊt 100 ˈbɪljən əv ðɛm ˈtrævəl θru ɑr ˈfɪŋgərˌtɪps ˈɛvəri ˈsɛkənd bət ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl əv ðɛm goʊ θru ðə ərθ wɪˈθaʊt ˈlivɪŋ ˈɛni treɪs. moʊst əv ðiz nuˈtrinoʊz ərˈɪʤəˌneɪt frəm ˈnukliər riˈækʃənz paʊərɪŋ ðə sən. nuˈtrinoʊz ˈɔlsoʊ kəm frəm ˈkɑzmɪk reɪz ˈhɪtɪŋ ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr, ər ɪkˈsploʊdɪŋ stɑrz. ðeɪ wər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈbəndəntli prəˈdust ʤɪst ˈæftər ðə bərθ əv ðə ˈjunəˌvərs. dun ðət minz baɪ ˈstədiɪŋ nuˈtrinoʊz ənd kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ðɛm wɪθ ðɛr ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt ““antineutrinos”*”, wi maɪt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ wərk aʊt wət ˈhæpənd æt ðə stɑrt əv ðə ˈjunəˌvərs ðət mɛnt ɪt wʊd bi ˈmoʊstli meɪd əv ˈmætər ənd nɑt ætaɪˈmætər. ɪkˈspɛrəmənts bɪlt tɪ dɪˈtɛkt nuˈtrinoʊz kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs faɪnd aʊt ˈwɛðər ˈproʊˌtɑnz dɪˈkeɪ, ə ki pis əv ˈɛvədəns fər ˈpruvɪŋ səm scientists’*’ aɪˈdiəz əˈbaʊt haʊ moʊst əv ðə ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn ˈfɪzɪks kən ɔl bi ɪkˈspleɪnd ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈjunəˌfaɪd theory”*”. tɪ du ðɪs, dun wɪl faɪər bimz əv nuˈtrinoʊz frəm ðə ˈfərmi ˈnæʃənəl ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtər ˈlæbrəˌtɔri ɪn ˌɪləˈnɔɪz, ˈjuˈɛs, əˈlɔŋ ə ˈəndərˌgraʊnd trəˈʤɛktəri tɪ ðə ˈsænfərd ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ˈrisərʧ fəˈsɪlɪti ɪn saʊθ dəˈkoʊtə. baɪ kəmˈpɛrəsən, ðə ˈsərkjələr lɑrʤ ˈhæˌdrɔn kəˈlaɪdər ˈpɑrtɪkəl ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtər juzd tɪ faɪnd ðə hɪgz ɪz ʤɪst ɪn ˌsərˈkəmfrəns, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈpɑrtɪkəlz wɪl ˈtrævəl θru ðə graʊnd ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈspɛʃəli kənˈstrəktɪd ˈtənəl. dɪˈtɛktɪŋ ðə nuˈtrinoʊz nuˈtrinoʊz kəm ɪn θri taɪps ər ““flavours”*” ɛz kɔld: electron-neutrinos*,, ənd tau-neutrinos*. ðə nuˈtrinoʊz ˈlivɪŋ ˈfərmɪˌlæb wɪl bi ˈmoʊstli, bət ðeɪ kʊd ʧeɪnʤ ər ““oscillate”*” ɛz ðeɪ ˈtrævəl. dɪˈtɛktɪŋ ðiz ˌɑsəˈleɪʃənz ɪz wət wɪl prəˈvaɪd ˈdɛfənət ˈænsərz tɪ ðə kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈneɪʧər ənd ɪts roʊl ɪn ðə ˈjunəˌvərs. nuˈtrinoʊz kən bi dɪˈtɛktɪd baɪ rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ðə laɪt, ʧɑrʤ ənd taɪp əv ˈpɑrtɪkəl ðeɪ ˈproʊdus wɪn ðeɪ kəm ˈɪntu ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ˈsərtən ˈlɪkwɪdz. wɪn iʧ nuˈtrinoʊ əraɪvz, ɪt wɪl kriˈeɪt ə ˈpɑrtɪkəl ðət ˌkɔrəˈspɑndz tɪ ɪts. ən electron-neutrino*, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wɪl ˈproʊdus ən ˌɪˈlɛktrɑn waɪl ə wɪl ˈproʊdus ə. ɪf wi kən dɪˈtɛkt ˌɪˈlɛktrɑnz ðɛn wi noʊ ðət ʧeɪnʤd ðɛr ɛz ðeɪ ˈtrævəld. dun wɪl juz fɔr lɑrʤ tæŋks, iʧ kənˈteɪnɪŋ tənz əv ˈlɪkwɪd ˈɑrˌgɑn hɛld æt ə ˈtɛmpərəʧər əv tɪ dɪˈtɛkt ðə nuˈtrinoʊz wɪθ məʧ ˈgreɪtər priˈsɪʒən ðən ˈpriviəs ɪkˈspɛrəmənts ðət wər sˈmɔlər ər juzd tæŋks fʊl əv ˈwɔtər. ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt həz tɪ teɪk pleɪs əˈbaʊt wən maɪl ˈəndərˌgraʊnd tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə dɪˈtɛktərz frəm biɪŋ ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmd baɪ feɪk nuˈtrinoʊ ˈsɪgnəlz frəm ðə ˈkɑzmɪk ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən ðət ðə ərθ. ðə ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti prəˈdust baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs ˈmɛθəd wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlp dɪˈtɛkt nuˈtrinoʊ bərsts frəm speɪs. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪn 1987 ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ɪkˈsploʊdɪŋ stɑr (ˌsupərˈnoʊvə) rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ɔl ðə nuˈtrinoʊ dɪˈtɛktərz ɪn ðə wərld rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ 25 nuˈtrinoʊ ɪˈvɛnts ɪn ˈtoʊtəl. dun wʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ əbˈzərv ˈθaʊzənz əv nuˈtrinoʊ wɪˈθɪn ə ˈpɪriəd əv əˈbaʊt tɛn ˈsɛkəndz fər ə ˈsɪmələr ˌsupərˈnoʊvə. ðə ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən ənd taɪm ˈstrəkʧər əv səʧ ə nuˈtrinoʊ pəls wʊd ɑr ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ənd əv nuˈtrinoʊ ˈprɑpərtiz. ˈsɑlvɪŋ ðə ætaɪˈmætər ˈmɪstəri ɔl ðɪs ʃʊd hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs ˈænsər ˈsɛvərəl ki kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt nuˈtrinoʊz, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl əˈbaʊt ðɛr mæs. nuˈtrinoʊz ər soʊ ˈtaɪni ðət ðɛr mæs ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ðə hɪgz, ˈrisəntli dɪˈskəvərd baɪ ðə lɑrʤ ˈhæˌdrɔn kəˈlaɪdər, ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ɛz moʊst ˈəðər ˌɛləˈmɛnʧri ˈpɑrtɪkəlz. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðɛr mæs meɪ kəm frəm ˈvɛri ˈhɛvi ˈpɑrtnər nuˈtrinoʊz ðət dɪˈkeɪ ˈvɛri kˈwɪkli ˈæftər fɔrˈmeɪʃən. ðiz ˈpɑrtnər nuˈtrinoʊz wʊd hæv pleɪd ə ki roʊl ɪn ðə ˈərli ˌɛvəˈluʃən əv ðə ˈjunəˌvərs ənd kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlp ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ðɛr ɪz soʊ məʧ mɔr ˈmætər ðən ætaɪˈmætər ɪn ðə ˈjunəˌvərs. dun wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs wərk aʊt ˈwɛðər nuˈtrinoʊz ənd ðɛr ɪkˈwɪvələnt, anti-neutrinos*, bɪˈheɪv identically*, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈfərðər ˈɛvədəns fər ˈdɑmənəns. sɪns ðə lɑrʤ kˈwɑntətiz əv ˈɑrˌgɑn ɪn ðə dɪˈtɛktər kənˈteɪn ˈmɛni ˈproʊˌtɑnz, dun ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ən aɪˈdil ɪkˈspɛrəmənt tɪ sərʧ fər ˈproʊˌtɑn dɪˈkeɪ. ˈəndər ɑr ˈkɑrənt model”*” əv ˈfɪzɪks ðət dɪˈskraɪbz ɔl ðə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl ˈpɑrtɪkəlz, ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl fər ˈproʊˌtɑnz tɪ dɪˈkeɪ. bət ˈmɛni əv ðə grænd ˈjunəˌfaɪd ˈθɪriz ˈsaɪəntɪsts ər ˈpʊtɪŋ təˈgɛðər tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ɔl ðə ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn ðə ˈjunəˌvərs (ɪkˈsɛpt ˈgrævɪti) prɪˈdɪkt ðət ˈproʊˌtɑnz du dɪˈkeɪ, ʤɪst ˈvɛri sˈloʊli. soʊ fɑr wi hæv noʊ ˈɛvədəns fər ˈproʊˌtɑn dɪˈkeɪ bət, ɪf ɪt dɪz əˈkər, ðɛn dun ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ dɪˈtɛkt ənd ˈloʊˌkeɪt ɪt wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈlɪkwɪd ˈɑrˌgɑn wɪθ ˈmɪləˌmitər priˈsɪʒən. ðɪs kʊd hɛlp pruv ˈwɛðər ˈɛni əv ðə grænd ˈjunəˌfaɪd ˈθɪriz ər kərˈɛkt, ənd əˈgɛn kʊd prəˈvaɪd mɔr kluz əˈbaʊt ˈdɑmənəns ˈoʊvər ætaɪˈmætər. ðə nu ˈfəndɪŋ, təˈgɛðər wɪθ ðə kəmˈbaɪnd ˈɛfərts əv ˈsaɪəntɪsts frəm əˈkrɔs ðə gloʊb, wɪl pʊt ˈjuˈɛs ɔn træk tɪ ˈrɛkərd ðə fərst ɪˈvɛnts ɪn dun ɪn 2024 ðət minz wɪˈθɪn ðə nɛkst ˈdɛkeɪd wi kʊd hæv sɑlvd səm əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈmɪstəriz.
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in an abandoned gold mine close to deadwood, south dakota, construction has started on what is arguably the world’s largest science experiment. i’m part of an international team of around 1,000 scientists assembled to design and run this project the deep underground neutrino experiment (dune) in order to study the most abundant yet elusive matter particle in the universe.
in doing so, we may move a step closer to understanding the origins of matter and to completing science’s model of how the universe works. that’s why the uk government has now committed £65m to the project, making the uk the second largest contributor to the project after the us.
particle physicists like me are fascinated by neutrinos because of their unusual properties, which may be directly linked to phenomena that could explain the structure of the universe. neutrinos are one of the fundamental particles that can’t be broken down into anything else. they are everywhere but are enormously difficult to catch as they have very nearly no mass, are not charged and rarely interact with other particles.
about 100 billion of them travel through our fingertips every second but almost all of them go through the earth without leaving any trace. most of these neutrinos originate from nuclear reactions powering the sun. neutrinos also come from cosmic rays hitting the atmosphere, or exploding stars. they were also abundantly produced just after the birth of the universe.
dune
that means by studying neutrinos and comparing them with their counterpart “antineutrinos”, we might be able to work out what happened at the start of the universe that meant it would be mostly made of matter and not antimatter. experiments built to detect neutrinos could also help us find out whether protons decay, a key piece of evidence for proving some scientists’ ideas about how most of the forces in physics can all be explained using a “grand unified theory”.
to do this, dune will fire beams of neutrinos from the fermi national accelerator laboratory in illinois, us, along a 1,300km underground trajectory to the sanford underground research facility in south dakota. by comparison, the circular large hadron collider particle accelerator used to find the higgs boson is just 27km in circumference, although dune’s particles will travel through the ground rather than a specially constructed tunnel.
detecting the neutrinos
neutrinos come in three types or “flavours” as they’re called: electron-neutrinos, muon-neutrinos, and tau-neutrinos. the neutrinos leaving fermilab will be mostly muon flavour, but they could change or “oscillate” as they travel. detecting these oscillations is what will provide definite answers to the questions about the neutrino’s nature and its role in the universe.
neutrinos can be detected by recording the light, charge and type of particle they produce when they come into contact with certain liquids. when each neutrino arrives, it will create a particle that corresponds to its flavour. an electron-neutrino, for example, will produce an electron while a muon-neutrino will produce a muon. if we can detect electrons then we know that muon-neutrinos changed their flavour as they travelled.
dune will use four large tanks, each containing 10,000 tonnes of liquid argon held at a temperature of -186℃, to detect the neutrinos with much greater precision than previous experiments that were smaller or used tanks full of water. the experiment has to take place about one mile underground to protect the detectors from being overwhelmed by fake neutrino signals from the cosmic radiation that bombards the earth.
microboone
the enormous sensitivity produced by using this method will also help detect neutrino bursts from space. for example, in 1987 a nearby exploding star (supernova) resulted in all the neutrino detectors in the world recording 25 neutrino events in total. dune would be able to observe thousands of neutrino scatterings within a period of about ten seconds for a similar supernova. analysing the composition and time structure of such a neutrino pulse would revolutionise our understanding of supernovae and of neutrino properties.
solving the antimatter mystery
all this should help us answer several key questions about neutrinos, for example about their mass. neutrinos are so tiny that their mass is probably not created by the higgs boson, recently discovered by the large hadron collider, in the same way as most other elementary particles. instead, their mass may come from very heavy partner neutrinos that decay very quickly after formation.
these partner neutrinos would have played a key role in the early evolution of the universe and could also help explain why there is so much more matter than antimatter in the universe. dune will also help us work out whether neutrinos and their anti-matter equivalent, anti-neutrinos, behave identically, providing further evidence for matter’s dominance.
since the large quantities of argon in the detector contain many protons, dune is also an ideal experiment to search for proton decay. under our current “standard model” of physics that describes all the fundamental particles, it’s impossible for protons to decay. but many of the grand unified theories scientists are putting together to explain all the forces in the universe (except gravity) predict that protons do decay, just very slowly.
so far we have no evidence for proton decay but, if it does occur, then dune should be able to detect and locate it within the liquid argon with millimetre precision. this could help prove whether any of the grand unified theories are correct, and again could provide more clues about matter’s dominance over antimatter.
the new funding, together with the combined efforts of scientists from across the globe, will put us on track to record the first events in dune in 2024. that means within the next decade we could have solved some of the universe’s biggest mysteries.
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ðeɪ seɪ ðət ju rɪˈgrɛt ðə θɪŋz ju du ɛz məʧ ɛz ju rɪˈgrɛt ðə θɪŋz du. aɪ hoʊp ðə ˈɔtoʊ ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ər ˈlɪsənɪŋ, bɪˈkəz wɪn aɪ lʊk æt soʊ ˈmɛni əv ðə fænˈtæstɪk ˈlʊkɪŋ fɔr dɔr sɪˈdænz ɔn ðə ˈmɑrkɪt təˈdeɪ, aɪ fil ə sɛns əv rɪˈgrɛt fər wət ðeɪ duɪŋ, ˈneɪmli ˈmeɪkɪŋ tu dɔr kups. aɪ noʊ ðɛr ər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃənz, ˈprɑbəˌbli tɛnz əv ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz wərθ, æt wərk bɪˈhaɪnd ðə sinz. aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd, tu, ðət ðɛr ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ˈʧælənʤɪz ənd ˈɛni ˈnəmbər əv ˈəðər ˈɪʃuz ðət ə ˈsɪmpəl ˈleɪmən laɪk ˌmaɪˈsɛlf kən ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli ˌəndərˈstænd, bət ðə fækt ðət ðɛr ər noʊ ˈrɪli kul kup ˈvərʒənz əv hɑt sɪˈdænz nɔz æt mi. θæŋk gɑd fər ˈɑrtɪsts laɪk ˈkeɪsi ʃeɪn, ə mæn əv kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈtælənt hu, laɪk ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs, bɪˈlivz ðət kɑz kən bi ˈbɛtər. ənˈlaɪk moʊst əv ˈjuˈɛs, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hi həz ðə ˈtælənt ənd ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ tərn hɪz θɔts ˈɪntu ɑrˈtɪstɪk ˌriˈæləˌti. hɪz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈʃoʊˌkeɪsɪz hɪz ˈdɪʤətəli ˈɔltərd ““fake”*” kɑz ənd hɪz ləv əv ɔl θɪŋz ˌɔtəˈmoʊtɪv. ɪt ɪz fɪld wɪθ ˈɪmɪʤɪz ðət ˈraɪvəl ðoʊz əv ˈɛni prəˈfɛʃənəl dɪˈzaɪn ˈstudiˌoʊ ənd aɪ ˈhaɪli ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ˈʧɛkɪŋ ɪt aʊt. ɪf ju ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ laɪk mi, ju wɪl spɛnd aʊərz ðɛr. laɪk soʊ ˈmɛni əv ˈjuˈɛs, frəm ðə taɪm hi wɑz ə ʧaɪld ˈkeɪsi drimd əˈbaʊt dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ kɑz. ˌɪnˈstɛd, hi ərnd ə ˈbæʧələr əv ɑrts frəm ˈvæsər ˈkɑlɪʤ ənd wərkt ɛz ə dɪˈzaɪnər ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ ˈɪndəstri fər mɔr ðən ˈθərˌdi jɪrz. ðiz deɪz hi ɪz ə ˈfriˌlæns bʊk dɪˈzaɪnər ənd ə prəˈfɛʃənəl artist,”*,” bət hi spɛnz məʧ əv hɪz fri taɪm ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ˈfoʊˌtoʊˌʃɑp ənd priˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ lɪv ðət ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd drim. hi sɪz, ðə seɪm ɛz wɪn aɪ wɑz ə ʧaɪld, ˈoʊnli naʊ maɪ kreɪɑnz ər digital.”*.” kɑz meɪ nɑt bi ril ɪn ðə sɛns ðət ðeɪ ər meɪd aʊt əv ˈrəbər, ˈplæstɪk ənd stil, bət ðə dɪˈteɪld ˈɪmɪʤɪz hi kriˈeɪts ˈsərtənli hæv ə laɪf əv ðɛr oʊn. ɛz ə kɪd hu gru əp ˈspɛndɪŋ aʊərz ɪn frənt əv ðə faɪər ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə sɪrz ˈkrɪsməs ˈkætəlɔg, aɪ noʊ ðɛr ɪz ə greɪt dil əv ʤɔɪ tɪ bi hæd ˈsɪmpli ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ˈpɪkʧərz ənd ˈdrimɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz. stɪl, aɪ hoʊp ðət wən deɪ ˈsəmˌwən tərnz ðiz aɪˈdiəz ˈɪntu ˌriˈæləˌti. kəm ɔn kɑr ˈkəmpəˌniz, ˈwəndər if”*” teɪk ə ʧæns! vju mɔr əv ˈkeɪsi wərk hir: ˈkeɪsi ʃeɪn kɑr æt ˈtɑməs ɛm ˈkərəntli lɪvz ɪn ˈbəfəˌloʊ, nu jɔrk wɪθ hɪz waɪf ənd θri ˈʧɪldrən bət həz spɛnt moʊst əv hɪz ˈædəlt laɪf ˈoʊvərˈsiz. hi həz lɪvd ɪn ʤəˈpæn fər 9 jɪrz, ʤəˈmeɪkə fər 2 ənd spɛnt ˈɔlˌmoʊst 5 jɪrz ɛz ə ˈjuˈɛs ˈmərʧənt ˈmɛrənər ˈsərvɪŋ praɪˈmɛrəli ɪn ðə pəˈsɪfɪk. ə lɔŋ taɪm ˈɔtoʊ ənd ˈmoʊtərˌsaɪkəl ɛnˈθuziˌæst hi həz pərˈsud hɪz ˈhɑbiz wɛˈnɛvər ˈpɑsəbəl. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪz ˈraɪtɪŋ ənd ˈpəblɪk ˈspikɪŋ wɛr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ hɪz waɪf, hɪz ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈsəbʤɪkt ɪz hɪmˈsɛlf.
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they say that you regret the things you do as much as you regret the things do. i hope the auto manufacturers are listening, because when i look at so many of the fantastic looking four door sedans on the market today, i feel a sense of regret for what they aren’t doing, namely making two door coupes. i know there are financial considerations, probably tens of millions of dollars worth, at work behind the scenes. i understand, too, that there are likely to be engineering challenges and any number of other issues that a simple layman like myself can never really understand, but the fact that there are no really cool coupe versions of today’s hot sedans gnaws at me.
thank god for artists like casey shain, a man of considerable talent who, like many of us, believes that today’s cars can be better. unlike most of us, however, he has the talent and the ability to turn his thoughts into artistic reality. his website artandcolourcars.blogspot.com showcases his digitally altered “fake” cars and his love of all things automotive. it is filled with images that rival those of any professional design studio and i highly recommend checking it out. if you are anything like me, you will spend hours there.
like so many of us, from the time he was a child casey dreamed about designing cars. instead, he earned a bachelor of arts from vassar college and worked as a designer in the publishing industry for more than thirty years. these days he is a freelance book designer and a professional “starving artist,” but he spends much of his free time working with photoshop and pretending to live that childhood dream. he says, “i’m the same doodler as when i was a child, only now my crayons are digital.”
casey’s cars may not be real in the sense that they are made out of rubber, plastic and steel, but the detailed images he creates certainly have a life of their own. as a kid who grew up spending hours in front of the fire looking at the sears christmas catalog, i know there is a great deal of joy to be had simply looking at pictures and dreaming about the possibilities. still, i hope that one day someone turns these ideas into reality. come on car companies, wonder “what if” – take a chance!
view more of casey shain’s work here: casey shain car photochops at pintrest
thomas m kreutzer currently lives in buffalo, new york with his wife and three children but has spent most of his adult life overseas. he has lived in japan for 9 years, jamaica for 2 and spent almost 5 years as a us merchant mariner serving primarily in the pacific. a long time auto and motorcycle enthusiast he has pursued his hobbies whenever possible. he also enjoys writing and public speaking where, according to his wife, his favorite subject is himself.
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ðə siˈætəl ˈsiˌhɔks bɪˈgæn ðə ˈsizən ræŋkt noʊ. 1 ɪn ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈreɪtɪŋz. ˈæftər ˈflərtɪŋ wɪθ ðə tɔp pəˈzɪʃən fər ðə pæst tu wiks, ðeɪ riˈkleɪmd ɪt ɔn ˈsənˌdi ˈæftər ˈkrəʃɪŋ ðə ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ˈkɑrdɪnəlz ðə ˈpriviəs noʊ. 1 ðə nu ˈɪŋglənd ˈpeɪtriəts, ˈɔlsoʊ wən ɔn ˈsənˌdi, bət ɪn məʧ lɛs ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ˈfæʃən, dɪˈfitɪŋ ðə nu jɔrk ʤɛts soʊ ˈreɪtɪŋ ɪz naʊ 1755 əˈhɛd əv nu 1730 ðiz ˈnəmbərz meɪ sim ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri. bət ðə ˈreɪtɪŋz tɪ 1970 wɪn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ənd mərʤd. ˈɛni ˈreɪtɪŋ əˈbəv 1750 ɪz ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv. sɪns 1970 ˈoʊnli 21 timz ˈfɪnɪʃt ə ˈsizən wɪθ ə ˈreɪtɪŋ ðət haɪ. ɪf ðə ˈsiˌhɔks wɪn ðə ˈsupər boʊl əˈgɛn ðɪs jɪr, ðeɪ ʃʊd bi ɪn ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈgreɪtəst tim ˈɛvər æt list əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ. ɪn ðə 32 pərˈsɛnt əv ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃənz wi ræn ðɪs wik wɛr siˈætəl wən ðə ˈsupər boʊl, ɪt ˈfɪnɪʃt wɪθ ən ˈævərɪʤ ˈreɪtɪŋ əv 1799 ðət wʊd ræŋk ɛz ðə ˈreɪtɪŋ sɪns 1970 bɪˈhaɪnd ˈoʊnli ðə 2007 ˈpeɪtriəts (hu hoʊld ðə tɔp spɑt dɪˈspaɪt ˈhævɪŋ bɪn ˈəpˌsɛt baɪ ðə nu jɔrk ʤaɪənts ɪn ˈsupər boʊl xlii*) ənd ðə 2004 ˈpeɪtriəts ənd ʤɪst əˈhɛd əv ðə 1985 ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bɛrz ənd ðə 1989 sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ 49ers*. jɛs, ˈgɪtɪŋ əˈhɛd əv ɑrˈsɛlvz (ɛz wi hæv ˌbiˈfɔr wɪθ siˈætəl). ðə 2014 ˈsiˌhɔks wən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ jɛt. bət wərθ ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ waɪ ðə ˈsɪstəm laɪks ðɛm soʊ məʧ. strɔŋ pərˈfɔrməns ˈoʊvər ə ˈpɪriəd. ˈreɪtɪŋz ˈpɑrʃəli ˈkɛri ˈoʊvər frəm ˈsizən tɪ ˈsizən, soʊ ə tim kən bɪld moʊˈmɛntəm ɪf ɪt poʊsts tu ər mɔr gʊd ˈsizənz ɪn ə roʊ. ðɪs ɪz pɑrt əv waɪ, fər ˈɪnstəns, ðə 1973 maɪˈæmi ˈdɑlfənz ˈfɪnɪʃt wɪθ ə haɪər ˈreɪtɪŋ ðən ðə ˌəndɪˈfitɪd 1972 ˈdɑlfənz. (ðə 1973 ɪˈdɪʃən əv ðə tim ˈɔlsoʊ hæd ˈəðər θɪŋz tɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ɪt, laɪk ˈhævɪŋ pleɪd ə məʧ ˈtəfər ˈskɛʤʊl.) wɪn ˈrəsəl ˈwɪlsən tʊk ˈoʊvər ɛz kˈwɔrtərˌbæk æt ðə stɑrt əv ðə 2012 ˈsizən, ðə ˈsiˌhɔks ˈreɪtɪd ɛz ə ˈrəfli tim wɪθ ən ˈreɪtɪŋ əv 1491 (ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈreɪtɪŋ ɪz 1500 ˈwɪlsən wɛnt ɪn hɪz fərst eɪt ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl stɑrts. bət sɪns ðɛn, hɪz trəˈʤɛktəri ənd ðə seahawks’*’ həz bɪn ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈəpwərd. ðə ˈsiˌhɔks wɛnt ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd hæf əv 2012 ðɛn ˈtrævəld tɪ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən tɪ bit ðə ˈrɛdˌskɪnz ɪn ðə raʊnd əv ðə pleɪɔfs. ðɛn, siˈætəl ˈnɪrli dɪˈfitɪd ðə æˈtlæntə ˈfælkənz ɪn ðə dɪˈvɪʒənəl raʊnd, ˈkəmɪŋ bæk frəm ə ˈdɛfəsət tɪ pʊl əˈhɛd ˌbiˈfɔr æˈtlæntə ˈkɪkər mæt braɪənt nɑʧt ðə ˈwɪnɪŋ fild goʊl wɪθ ʤɪst 13 ˈsɛkəndz tɪ goʊ. ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ ˈstrɔŋli həz bɪn ə ˈhɑlˌmɑrk əv timz: kənˈsɪdər ðə seahawks’*’ rən ɪn 2012 ðɛr ˈdɑmənəns ɪn ðə pleɪɔfs ɪn 2013 ənd naʊ bɪn ə ˈwɪnɪŋ strik ənd ˈkaʊntɪŋ ɪn 2014 ə təf ˈskɛʤʊl wɪθ ˈplɛnti əv ““clutch”*” wɪnz əˈgɛnst ˈɛksələnt əˈpoʊnənts. ɔl faɪv əv ðə seahawks’*’ ˈrisənt wɪnz hæv kəm əˈgɛnst təf əˈpoʊnənts: tu əˈgɛnst ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə, wɪʧ siˈætəl həz ʤɪst ˈoʊvərˌteɪkən fər ðə tɔp spɑt ɪn ðə wɛst; əˈnəðər ɔn ðə roʊd ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə; ənd tu ˈəðərz əˈgɛnst sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, ðə seahawks’*’ ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm ˈraɪvəlz. ðə seahawks’*’ ˈreɪtɪŋ həz ˌɪmˈpruvd baɪ 75 pɔɪnts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈwɪnɪŋ strik. ðɪs həz bɪn ˈtɪpɪkəl əv ˈtɛnjər ɪn siˈætəl: ðə ˈsiˌhɔks hæv ˈrɛgjələrli ˈrɪzən tɪ ðə əˈkeɪʒən əˈgɛnst təf ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən. ˈoʊvər ðə pæst tu ˈsizənz, ðə ˈsiˌhɔks ər wɪn ˈfeɪsɪŋ əˈpoʊnənts wɪθ ən ˈreɪtɪŋ əv 1600 ər haɪər. ˈpleɪsɪz ə lɔt əv ˈɛmfəsɪs ɔn ðiz ““big”*” geɪmz; ðə ril tɛst əv ə strɛŋθ. ˈivɪn baɪ ðə ˈstændərdz əv ðə ˌɔlˈtaɪm greɪt timz, ðɪs ɪz boʊθ ə lɔt əv bɪg geɪmz tɪ hæv pleɪd ənd ə ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ˈrɛkərd ɪn ðɛm. kəmˈpɛr ðə ˈsiˌhɔks əˈgɛnst ðə ˈsɛvən timz tɪ hæv wən ˈsupər boʊlz sɪns ðə ˈmərʤər. ˈoʊnli ðə ˈdæləs ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz pleɪd ɪn mɔr bɪg geɪmz 13 ənd ðeɪ lɔst θri əv ðɛm. ənd ðə ˈsiˌhɔks stɪl hæv ə ʧæns tɪ æd tɪ ðɛr lɪst; ˈprɑbəˌbli nid tɪ dɪˈfit tu ər θri mɔr 1600 timz tɪ wɪn ðə ˈsupər boʊl əˈgɛn. kənˈsɪstənsi, ˈivɪn ɪn dɪˈfit. waɪl ðə ˈsiˌhɔks hæv wən ə lɔt əv juʤ geɪmz, ˈɔlsoʊ ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli bɪn ˈbitən baɪ ˌmidiˈoʊkər ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən. bət ðeɪ stɪl reɪt ɛz ˈvɛri kənˈsɪstənt bɪˈkəz ðiz ˈlɔsɪz hæv kəm baɪ ˈnɛroʊ ˈmɑrʤənz. ˈwɪlsən, ɪn ə kərɪr ðət spænz 52 ənd pleɪɔf geɪmz, həz ˈnɛvər lɔst ə geɪm baɪ ˈdəbəl ˈdɪʤɪts. ənd ɪn iʧ əv ðə 13 ˈlɔsɪz ˈteɪkən, ðə geɪm həz kəm daʊn tɪ ðə ˈfaɪnəl kˈwɔrtər: ɪn naɪn əv ðə seahawks’*’ 13 ˈlɔsɪz ˈəndər ˈwɪlsən, siˈætəl lɛd æt səm pɔɪnt ɪn ðə fɔrθ kˈwɔrtər. ɪn θri əv ðə ˈəðər fɔr ˈlɔsɪz, ˈwɪlsən hæd pəˈtɛnʃəl ər draɪvz ɪn ðə fɔrθ kˈwɔrtər. ðə ˈoʊnli ɪkˈsɛpʃən ɪz lɔs ɪn st*. luɪs ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr. ðə ˈsiˌhɔks wər ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl ˈfeɪvərɪts tɪ wɪn ðə geɪm wɪθ tɪ pleɪ ɪn ðə fɔrθ kˈwɔrtər ˌbiˈfɔr ðə rams’*’ ˈʤɑni ˈhɛkər kənˈvərtɪd ə feɪk pənt frəm hɪz oʊn laɪn. soʊ ˈwɪlsən həz ˈbeɪsɪkli ˈnɛvər bɪn aʊt əv ə geɪm ɪn 208 kˈwɔrtərz əv ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈfʊtˌbɔl. dɪz nɑt kənˈsɪdər ðɪs dɪˈgri əv ˈditeɪl ɪt ˈoʊnli lʊks æt ðə ˈfaɪnəl bət ðɪs ɪz ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv. ðə ˈsiˌhɔks hæv bɪn kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ɪn ˈɛvəri geɪm ənd ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ɪn ðɛr ˈbɪgəst geɪmz fər tu ər θri jɪrz naʊ. ɪf ðeɪ wɪn əˈnəðər ˈsupər boʊl, ðɛr əˈkɑmplɪʃmənts wɪl stæk əp ˈprɪti wɛl əˈgɛnst ˈəðər ˈʧæmpiənz. ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl pleɪɔf hənt əraʊnd ðə ˈsiˌhɔks həz bɪˈkəm ˌæntiklaɪˈmæktɪk. tɛn timz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ siˈætəl, hæv naʊ klɪnʧt ðə pleɪɔfs. ðə ˈoʊnli rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ slɑts ər fər ðə ˈʧæmpiən əv ðə saʊθ wɪˈʧɛvər əv ðə æˈtlæntə ˈfælkənz ənd ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ˈpænθərz wɪnz ɔn ˈsənˌdi (ˈæftər pleɪɪŋ əˈgɛnst iʧ ˈəðər) wɪl ədˈvæns frəm ðə dɪˈvɪʒən dɪˈspaɪt ə ˈluzɪŋ ˈrɛkərd ənd wən rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən ɪn ðə afc*, wɪʧ ɪz biɪŋ kənˈtɛstəd əˈməŋ ðə sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ˈʧɑrʤərz, ðə ˈbɔltəˌmɔr ˈreɪvənz, ðə ˈhjustən ˈtɛksənz ənd ðə ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti ʧifs. haʊ həz ðə ɑdz: ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈʧɑrʤərz hæv ðə moʊst ˈstreɪtˈfɔrwərd pæθ tɪ ðə pleɪɔfs ɪf ðeɪ bit ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti, ɪn gɪvz ðɛm ə sˈlaɪtli loʊər ʧæns əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə 43 pərˈsɛnt) ðən ðə ˈreɪvənz 46 pərˈsɛnt). bɪˈkəz ðə ʧifs ər slaɪt ˈfeɪvərɪts ɪn ðə geɪm, wɪʧ wɪl bi pleɪd ɪn ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti. ðə ˈreɪvənz, baɪ ˈkɑntræst, ər 81 pərˈsɛnt ˈfeɪvərɪts tɪ wɪn æt hoʊm əˈgɛnst ðə ˈklivlənd braʊnz. ˈivɪn ˈnidɪŋ sæn diˈeɪgoʊ tɪ luz, ˈbɔltəˌmɔr ɪz ə (sˈlaɪtli) ˈbɛtər bɛt. ðə ˈtɛksənz ənd ʧifs ər lɔŋ ʃɑts. ˈhjustən nidz tɪ wɪn wɪʧ bi hɑrd sɪns ɪts əˈpoʊnənt ɪz ˈʤæksənˌvɪl bət ɪt wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ nid boʊθ sæn diˈeɪgoʊ ənd ˈbɔltəˌmɔr tɪ luz. ˈoʊnli ə 9 pərˈsɛnt ʧæns əv ðɪs ˈhæpənɪŋ. ənd waɪl ðə ʧifs kən teɪk aʊt ðə ˈʧɑrʤərz ðɛmˈsɛlvz, sæn diˈeɪgoʊ wɪl nid boʊθ ˈbɔltəˌmɔr ənd ˈhjustən tɪ luz. sɪns boʊθ ˈbɔltəˌmɔr ənd ˈhjustən ər ˈhɛvi ˈfeɪvərɪts ɪn ðɛr geɪmz, ðət livz ˈkænzəs ˈsɪti wɪθ ʤɪst ə 2 pərˈsɛnt pleɪɔf ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɔl timz bət æˈtlæntə ənd ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə hæv ˈiðər klɪnʧt ər bɪn ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪd frəm ðə pleɪɔfs, ə fju əv ðɛm stɪl hæv səm ˈbɪznɪs tɪ teɪk kɛr əv, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ siˈætəl. ðə ˈsiˌhɔks kʊd bi dɪˈmoʊtɪd ˈɪntu ə slɑt, ɛˈsɛnʃəli ɪˈreɪsɪŋ ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðɛr wɪn ˈoʊvər ðə ˈkɑrdɪnəlz læst wik, ɪf ðeɪ luz tɪ st*. luɪs ənd ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə bits sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ tɪ kleɪm ðə wɛst ˈtaɪtəl. ˈmɪsɪŋ aʊt ɔn ðə dɪˈvɪʒən kraʊn wʊd dɪˈnaɪ siˈætəl ə baɪ ənd ædˈvæntɪʤ ənd kət ɪts ˈsupər boʊl ˈʧænsɪz frəm 32 pərˈsɛnt tɪ 14 pərˈsɛnt. ɪt wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ˌrɛzərˈɛkt ˈʧænsɪz, wɪʧ ər daʊn tɪ ʤɪst 3 pərˈsɛnt ˈæftər ɪts lɔs læst wik; ðə cardinals’*’ ˈʧænsɪz əv ə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp wʊd riˈbaʊnd tɪ 13 pərˈsɛnt ɪf ðeɪ bæk ˈɪntu ðə dɪˈvɪʒən ˈtaɪtəl. ənˈfɔrʧənətli fər ðə ˈkɑrdɪnəlz, ðə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ə ˈsiˌhɔks lɔs ənd ən ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə wɪn həz ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt ə 6 pərˈsɛnt ʧæns əv ˈhæpənɪŋ. siˈætəl wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ klɪnʧ ædˈvæntɪʤ θruaʊt ðə pleɪɔfs ɪf ɪt wɪnz ɪkˈsɛpt ˈəndər ðə bɪˈzɑr sɪˈnɛrioʊ wɛr ðə grin beɪ ˈpækərz ənd ˈdiˌtrɔɪt laɪənz taɪ ɪn grin beɪ waɪl ˈdæləs bits ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, wɪʧ wʊd gɪv ðə ˈkaʊˌbɔɪz ðə noʊ. 1 sid ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðɛr wɪn ɪn siˈætəl ˈərliər ðɪs ˈsizən. bət ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt ə ʧæns əv ðət ˈhæpənɪŋ. grin beɪ ɪz əˈbaʊt ə ˈfeɪvərɪt əˈgɛnst ˈdiˌtrɔɪt, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ. bət ðə ˈsɪstəm gɪvz ðə ˈpækərz ˈoʊnli ə 7 pərˈsɛnt ʧæns tɪ wɪn ðə ˈsupər boʊl məʧ loʊər ðən ˈɔfˈʃɔr ˈbɛtɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪts, wɪʧ pʊt ðɛr ˈʧænsɪz æt əˈbaʊt 13 pərˈsɛnt. həz dɪsəˈgrid wɪθ ˈbɛtərz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpækərz ɔl ˈsizən, ˌɔlˈðoʊ lɛs soʊ ɛz ðə jɪr həz wɔrn ɔn. ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ðə dɪsəˈgrimənt meɪ hæv mɔr tɪ du wɪθ ðə ˈsiˌhɔks. ðə ˈpækərz wɪl klɪnʧ ə baɪ wɪθ ə wɪn, bət stɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli hæv tɪ bit ðə ˈsiˌhɔks ɪn siˈætəl tɪ wɪn ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ə geɪm ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈsiˌhɔks wʊd bi ˈrəfli 75 pərˈsɛnt ˈfeɪvərɪts əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ bət mɔr laɪk 65 pərˈsɛnt ˈfeɪvərɪts əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈveɪgəs. pɔɪnt sprɛdz ˈæftər ə ˈmɪdəlɪŋ wik fər ðə pɔɪnt sprɛdz, ˈɪʃu ðə ˈjuʒəwəl riˈmaɪndər ðət wi ɪkˈspɛkt ðɛm tɪ bit ˈveɪgəs ˈoʊvər ðə lɔŋ tərm, ˈivɪn ðoʊ fɛrd ˈprɪti wɛl soʊ fɑr ðɪs ˈsizən. əˈspɛʃəli ðə keɪs ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl wik ər tu əv ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizən, wɪn timz meɪ bi ˈrɛstɪŋ ðɛr ˈstɑrtərz ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz hæv ˈvɛriɪŋ dɪˈgriz əv ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃən tɪ wɪn ðɛr geɪmz ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət ˈveɪgəs kən əˈkaʊnt fər bət dɪz nɑt.
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the seattle seahawks began the season ranked no. 1 in fivethirtyeight’s nfl elo ratings. after flirting with the top position for the past two weeks, they reclaimed it on sunday after crushing the arizona cardinals 35-6. the previous no. 1, the new england patriots, also won on sunday, but in much less impressive fashion, defeating the new york jets 17-16. so seattle’s elo rating is now 1755, ahead of new england’s 1730.
these numbers may seem arbitrary. but we’ve back-tested the elo ratings to 1970, when the nfl and afl merged. any rating above 1750 is very impressive. since 1970, only 21 teams finished a season with a rating that high.
if the seahawks win the super bowl again this year, they should be in the conversation about the greatest team ever at least according to elo. in the 32 percent of simulations we ran this week where seattle won the super bowl, it finished with an average elo rating of 1799. that would rank as the third-best end-of-season elo rating since 1970, behind only the 2007 patriots (who hold the top spot despite having been upset by the new york giants in super bowl xlii) and the 2004 patriots and just ahead of the 1985 chicago bears and the 1989 san francisco 49ers.
yes, we’re getting ahead of ourselves (as we have before with seattle). the 2014 seahawks haven’t won anything yet. but it’s worth explaining why the system likes them so much.
strong performance over a multi-year period. elo ratings partially carry over from season to season, so a team can build momentum if it posts two or more good seasons in a row. this is part of why, for instance, the 1973 miami dolphins finished with a higher elo rating than the undefeated 1972 dolphins. (the 1973 edition of the team also had other things to recommend it, like having played a much tougher schedule.)
when russell wilson took over as seattle’s quarterback at the start of the 2012 season, the seahawks rated as a roughly league-average team with an elo rating of 1491. (the average elo rating is 1500.) wilson went 4-4 in his first eight nfl starts. but since then, his trajectory and the seahawks’ has been almost entirely upward. the seahawks went 7-1 in the second half of 2012, then traveled to washington to beat the redskins in the wild-card round of the playoffs. then, seattle nearly defeated the atlanta falcons in the divisional round, coming back from a 27-7 deficit to pull ahead 28-27 before atlanta kicker matt bryant notched the winning field goal with just 13 seconds to go.
finishing strongly has been a hallmark of wilson’s teams: consider the seahawks’ second-half run in 2012, their dominance in the playoffs in 2013, and what’s now been a five-game winning streak and counting in 2014.
a tough schedule with plenty of “clutch” wins against excellent opponents. all five of the seahawks’ recent wins have come against tough opponents: two against arizona, which seattle has just overtaken for the top spot in the nfc west; another on the road in philadelphia; and two others against san francisco, the seahawks’ longtime rivals. the seahawks’ elo rating has improved by 75 points during the winning streak.
this has been typical of wilson’s tenure in seattle: the seahawks have regularly risen to the occasion against tough opposition. over the past two seasons, the seahawks are 10-1 when facing opponents with an elo rating of 1600 or higher.
elo places a lot of emphasis on these “big” games; they’re the real test of a team’s strength. even by the standards of the nfl’s all-time great teams, this is both a lot of big games to have played and a very impressive record in them. compare the seahawks against the seven teams to have won back-to-back super bowls since the nfl-afl merger. only the 1992-93 dallas cowboys played in more big games 13 and they lost three of them. and the seahawks still have a chance to add to their list; they’ll probably need to defeat two or three more 1600+ elo teams to win the super bowl again.
consistency, even in defeat. while the seahawks have won a lot of huge games, they’ve also occasionally been beaten by mediocre opposition. but they still rate as very consistent because these losses have come by narrow margins.
wilson, in a career that spans 52 regular-season and playoff games, has never lost a game by double digits. and in each of the 13 losses he’s taken, the game has come down to the final quarter:
in nine of the seahawks’ 13 losses under wilson, seattle led at some point in the fourth quarter.
in three of the other four losses, wilson had potential game-winning or game-tying drives in the fourth quarter.
the only exception is seattle’s 28-26 loss in st. louis earlier this year. the seahawks were mathematical favorites to win the game with 2:59 to play in the fourth quarter before the rams’ johnny hekker converted a fake punt from his own 18-yard line.
so wilson has basically never been out of a game in 208 quarters of nfl football. elo does not consider this degree of detail it only looks at the final scorelines but this is impressive. the seahawks have been competitive in every game and outstanding in their biggest games for two or three years now. if they win another super bowl, their accomplishments will stack up pretty well against other back-to-back champions.
the rest of the nfl playoff hunt around the seahawks has become anticlimactic. ten teams, including seattle, have now clinched the playoffs. the only remaining slots are for the champion of the nfc south whichever of the 6-9 atlanta falcons and 6-8-1 carolina panthers wins on sunday (after playing against each other) will advance from the division despite a losing record and one remaining position in the afc, which is being contested among the san diego chargers, the baltimore ravens, the houston texans and the kansas city chiefs. here’s how elo has the odds:
although the chargers have the most straightforward path to the playoffs if they beat kansas city, they’re in elo gives them a slightly lower chance of making the postseason (43 percent) than the ravens (46 percent). that’s because the chiefs are slight favorites in the game, which will be played in kansas city. the ravens, by contrast, are 81 percent favorites to win at home against the cleveland browns. even needing san diego to lose, baltimore is a (slightly) better bet.
the texans and chiefs are long shots. houston needs to win which won’t be hard since its opponent is jacksonville but it will also need both san diego and baltimore to lose. there’s only a 9 percent chance of this happening. and while the chiefs can take out the chargers themselves, san diego will need both baltimore and houston to lose. since both baltimore and houston are heavy favorites in their games, that leaves kansas city with just a 2 percent playoff probability.
although all nfc teams but atlanta and carolina have either clinched or been eliminated from the playoffs, a few of them still have some business to take care of, including seattle. the seahawks could be demoted into a wild-card slot, essentially erasing the impact of their win over the cardinals last week, if they lose to st. louis and arizona beats san francisco to claim the nfc west title. missing out on the division crown would deny seattle a first-round bye and home-field advantage and cut its super bowl chances from 32 percent to 14 percent. it would also resurrect arizona’s chances, which are down to just 3 percent after its loss last week; the cardinals’ chances of a championship would rebound to 13 percent if they back into the division title. unfortunately for the cardinals, the combination of a seahawks loss and an arizona win has only about a 6 percent chance of happening.
seattle will also clinch home-field advantage throughout the nfc playoffs if it wins except under the bizarre scenario where the green bay packers and detroit lions tie in green bay while dallas beats washington, which would give the cowboys the no. 1 seed on the basis of their head-to-head win in seattle earlier this season. but there’s only about a 1-in-700 chance of that happening.
green bay is about a 2-to-1 favorite against detroit, according to elo. but the system gives the packers only a 7 percent chance to win the super bowl much lower than offshore betting markets, which put their chances at about 13 percent. elo has disagreed with bettors about the packers all season, although less so as the year has worn on. in this case, the disagreement may have more to do with the seahawks. the packers will clinch a first-round bye with a win, but they’d still probably have to beat the seahawks in seattle to win the nfc championship a game in which the seahawks would be roughly 75 percent favorites according to elo but more like 65 percent favorites according to vegas.
elo point spreads
after a middling week for the elo point spreads, we’ll issue the usual reminder that we don’t expect them to beat vegas over the long term, even though they’ve fared pretty well so far this season. that’s especially the case in the final week or two of the nfl regular season, when teams may be resting their starters or otherwise have varying degrees of motivation to win their games information that vegas can account for but elo does not.
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ˈkjʊriəs əˈbaʊt wət dərt ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈnæʃənəl kəˈmɪti dəg əp ɔn ˈdɑnəld trəmp? ə ˈhækər, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf ɛz (ɪn ə nɑd tɪ ðə roʊˈmeɪniən ˈhækər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ə ˈnəmbər əv ˌhaɪˈlɛvəl ˈbriʧɪz), likt wət ɪz pərˈpɔrtɪd tɪ bi ə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈrisərʧ rɪˈpɔrt ɔn trəmp tɪ ðə sˈmoʊkɪŋ gən ənd ˈgɑkər. wi æst ðə ˈdiˌɛnˌsi tɪ kənˈfərm ɪts ˌɔθənˈtɪsɪti, bət hæv jɛt tɪ hir bæk. bət ɪt ˈsərtənli əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ðə ril dil, wɪθ ɪts nɑks ɔn trəmp ɛz ə laɪər, ə ˈpərsən lɔɪəl ˈoʊnli tɪ hɪmˈsɛlf, ə bæd ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn ənd ə ˈkænədɪt huz kæmˈpeɪn ɪz dɪˈfaɪnd baɪ əˈfɛnsɪv ənd ɪkˈstrim ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən ˈrɛtərɪk. hir ɪt ɪz, fər jʊr pərˈuzəl: wɪn æst waɪ hi wʊd səˈpɔrt ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ˈoʊvər ˈdɑnəld trəmp ˈrisəntli, mɑrk ˈsaɪtɪd saɪəns dɪˈnaɪəl ɛz ə ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈrizən. ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt saɪts ˈsɛvərəl ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv rɪˈʤɛkʃən əv bɪˈlifs əˈbaʊt ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. fər ˈɪnstəns: ˈdɑnəld trəmp dɪˈklɛrd, "ju gɪt hərt baɪ ɪkˈstrim ˈwɛðər," ðɛn hɪz səˈpɔrt fər ðə mɔr ðən 12 ˈpipəl kɪld baɪ ˈflədɪŋ ɪn saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə. "ˈdɑnəld trəmp sɛnt aʊt prɛrz tɪ ðoʊz əˈfɛktɪd baɪ ðə ˈdɛdli ˈflədɪŋ ɪn saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, ʤɪst wiks ˈæftər ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈvoʊtərz ˈpipəl ˈɑrənt hərt frəm ɪkˈstrim ˈwɛðər. ɛz əv ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt, ðɛr hæv bɪn ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 13 stɔrm rɪˈleɪtɪd dɛθs ɪn saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ənd nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə kəmˈbaɪnd. ənd prɛrz fər ðoʊz ɪn ðə flədz əˈfɛktɪŋ ðə greɪt ˈpipəl əv saʊθ carolina,’*,’ trəmp ˈmənˌdeɪ ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðə flədz. bət tu wiks əˈgoʊ ɪn ˈdæləs, trəmp toʊld səˈpɔrtərz kænt gɪt hərt wɪθ ɪkˈstrim weather,’*,’ ɛz hi dɪsˈmɪst ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑməz ˈɑrgjəmənt ðət ɪkˈstrim ˈwɛðər ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ˈpoʊzɪz ə θrɛt tɪ əˈmɛrɪkə." [ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn, æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə jɪr, pɪkt əˈpɑrt əˈtæk ɔn ˈæpəl fər ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ɪts dɪˈvaɪsɪz ɪn ˈʧaɪnə. ðɪs ˈdɑkjəmɛnt rɪˈfərz tɪ ðoʊz əˈtæks ɛz wɛl: trəmp soʊld gʊdz ðət wər nɑt meɪd ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə ˈeɪˌbiˌsi nuz: "ɪn hɪz kæmˈpeɪn ˈkɪˌkɔf ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈdɑnəld trəmp ˈblæstɪd ʧip ʧaɪˈniz gʊdz bət hi həz noʊ ˈprɑbləm ˈpʊtɪŋ hɪz neɪm ɔn ðɛm ənd ˈsɛlɪŋ ðɛm." "ɪn hɪz kæmˈpeɪn ˈkɪˌkɔf ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈdɑnəld trəmp ˈblæstɪd ʧip ʧaɪˈniz gʊdz bət hi həz noʊ ˈprɑbləm ˈpʊtɪŋ hɪz neɪm ɔn ðɛm ənd ˈsɛlɪŋ ðɛm. ðə deɪ ˈæftər hɪz taɪˈreɪd, ðə trəmp stɔr ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə trəmp taʊər ɔn fɪθ ˈævəˌnu ɪn nu jɔrk ˈboʊstɪd ən əreɪ əv ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd gʊdz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈtɛdi bɛrz ənd ˈtiˌsərts frəm ˈʧaɪnə əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ˈprɑdəkts frəm ˈheɪti, ˌnɪkərˈɑgwə ənd lɛˈsoʊθoʊ. trəmp ˈmɛnʃənd ˈʧaɪnə taɪmz ɪn ðə ˈoʊpənər tɪ hɪz 2016 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl bɪd, əˈkjuzɪŋ ðət ˈkəntri ənd ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ əv ˈpʊtɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkənz aʊt əv wərk. gɪt ʤɑbz, bɪˈkəz ðɛr ər noʊ ʤɑbz, bɪˈkəz ˈʧaɪnə həz ɑr ʤɑbz ənd ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ həz ɑr jobs,’*,’ trəmp sɛd." [ˈeɪˌbiˌsi nuz, trəmps stænd ɔn ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən əˈspɛʃəli hɪz kɔlz tɪ stɑp ˈməzlɪmz frəm ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ˈkəntri ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə sæn ˌbərnɑrˈdinoʊ əˈtæk, ənd, mɔr ˈrisəntli ðə mæs ˈʃutɪŋ ɪn ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ həz ænˈtægəˌnaɪzd ˈsɪləkən ˈvæli. ðə ˈdiˌɛnˌsi ˈsɪŋgəlz ðɪs aʊt ɛz ə ˈwiknəs, ɛz wɛl: kæmˈpeɪn ɪz fjuəld baɪ ɪkˈstrim, ˌzɛnəˈfɑbɪk ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈrɛtərɪk əˈbaʊt ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən. trəmp ʤɪst əˈpoʊz ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən rɪˈfɔrm laɪk hɪz ˈfɛloʊ gopers*, hi ˈɪməgrənts fər pəˈlɪtɪkəl geɪn ənd prəˈpoʊzɪz aʊˈtreɪʤəs səˈluʃənz beɪst ɔn əbˈsərd ənd fɔls ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ʤɛf ɔn ˈdɑnəld trəmp ənd ðə ˈmidiə
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curious about what dirt the democratic national committee dug up on donald trump?
a hacker, identifying himself as guccifer 2.0 (in a nod to the romanian hacker responsible for a number of high-level breaches), leaked what is purported to be a 237-page opposition research report on trump to the smoking gun and gawker.
we asked the dnc to confirm its authenticity, but have yet to hear back. but it certainly appears to be the real deal, with its knocks on trump as a liar, a person who’s loyal only to himself, a bad businessman and a candidate whose campaign is defined by offensive and extreme immigration rhetoric.
here it is, for your perusal:
when asked why he would support hillary clinton over donald trump recently, mark andreessen cited trump’s science denial as a principal reason. the document cites several examples of trump’s rejection of commonly-held beliefs about the environment. for instance:
donald trump declared, "you can’t get hurt by extreme weather," then tweeted his support for the more than 12 people killed by flooding in south carolina. "donald trump sent out prayers to those affected by the deadly flooding in south carolina on monday, just weeks after telling voters people aren't hurt from extreme weather. as of monday night, there have been a total of 13 storm related deaths in south carolina and north carolina combined. ‘thoughts and prayers for those in the floods affecting the great people of south carolina,’ trump tweeted monday in the wake of the floods. but two weeks ago in dallas, trump told supporters ‘you can't get hurt with extreme weather,’ as he dismissed president barack obama's argument that extreme weather as a result of climate change poses a threat to america." [cnn, 10/5/15]
at the beginning of the year, arik hesseldahl picked apart trump’s attack on apple for manufacturing its devices in china. this document refers to those attacks as well:
trump sold goods that were not made in america
• abc news: "in his campaign kickoff on tuesday, donald trump blasted cheap chinese goods — but he has no problem putting his name on them and selling them." "in his campaign kickoff on tuesday, donald trump blasted cheap chinese goods — but he has no problem putting his name on them and selling them. the day after his tirade, the trump store inside the trump tower on fifth avenue in new york boasted an array of imported goods, including teddy bears and t-shirts from china alongside products from haiti, nicaragua and lesotho. trump mentioned china two-dozen times in the opener to his 2016 presidential bid, accusing that country and mexico of putting americans out of work. ‘they can’t get jobs, because there are no jobs, because china has our jobs and mexico has our jobs,’ trump said." [abc news, 6/17/15]
trump's stand on immigration — especially his calls to stop muslims from entering the country following the san bernardino attack, and, more recently the mass shooting in orlando — has antagonized silicon valley. the dnc singles this out as a weakness, as well:
trump’s campaign is fueled by extreme, xenophobic and sometimes dangerous rhetoric about immigration. trump doesn’t just oppose comprehensive immigration reform like his fellow gopers, he vilifies immigrants for political gain and proposes outrageous solutions based on absurd and false information.
jeff bezos on donald trump and the media
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ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪnz hæv ə lɔt ðeɪ dɪsəˈgri ɔn wɪθ ðə ˈaɪəwə ˈkɔkəsɪz ʤɪst ə wik əˈweɪ. ˈnoʊˌwɛr du ðeɪ dɪsəˈgri mɔr ðən ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz wɪˈθɪn ðə seɪm pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrti. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ hɛlp ˌɪnˈfɔrm ˈvoʊtərz, bɪˈloʊ ɪz ə brif ˈsərˌveɪ əv wɛr ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪts stænd ɔn ðə ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz tæks. ˈkɑrənt lɔ ə ˈkæpɪtəl geɪn ɪz dɪˈfaɪnd ɛz ðə ˈprɑfɪt meɪd baɪ ə ˈtækˌspeɪər ɔn ðə seɪl əv ən praɪs lɛs kɔst ˈbeɪsɪs. ɪf ə ˈkæpɪtəl geɪn ɪz ˈriəˌlaɪzd ˈæftər ðə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˈæˌsɛt həz bɪn hɛld lɛs ðən wən jɪr, ɪt ɪz tækst æt ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈɪnˌkəm tæks reɪts ɛz haɪ ɛz (pləs ðə ˈsərˌtæks dɪˈskraɪbd bɪˈloʊ). ɪf ə ˈkæpɪtəl geɪn ɪz ˈriəˌlaɪzd ˈæftər ðə ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˈæˌsɛt həz bɪn hɛld mɔr ðən wən jɪr, ɪt ɪz tækst æt ə ˈspɛʃəl reɪt əv 20 fər moʊst ˈtækˌspeɪərz (lɛs ðən ðət fər loʊ ənd ˈmɪdəl ˈɪnˌkəm ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz). ðɛr ər ˈspɛʃəl reɪts fər ril ɛˈsteɪt dɪˌpriʃiˈeɪʃən riˈkæpʧər, ˈtɪmbər, ɑrt ənd kəˈlɛktəbəlz. ðə ˈrizənɪŋ fər ə loʊər reɪt ɪz ə ˈmɪksʧər əv tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst, ˈbækɪŋ ˈɪntu ən ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən ˈɪndɛks əv ˈbeɪsɪs, ənd ə dɪˈzaɪər tɪ ˈmɪtəˌgeɪt ə ˈsɛkənd leɪər əv tæks ɔn ˈseɪvɪŋz. ɪts fɛr tɪ kɔl ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈtritmənt əv lɔŋ tərm geɪnz ə rəf ˈʤəstɪs ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz əv ɔl ðiz kənˈsərnz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðɪs tæks ɔn ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz, ə ˈsərˌtæks ɪz əˈplaɪd tɪ geɪnz wɪʧ əˈkər ɪn ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz ˈmeɪkɪŋ mɔr ðən pər jɪr fər ˈsɪŋgəlz). ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən ˈɪnˌdɛkˈseɪʃən əv ðɪs ˈfɪgjər. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, moʊst lɔŋ tərm ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz ər ˈæˌkʧuəli tækst æt fər ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðɪs æˈnælɪsɪs, ðə ˈsərˌtæks wɪl bi ˈædɪd tɪ ɔl ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz reɪts sɪns moʊst geɪnz əˈkər ɪn ðiz ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz (ənˈlɛs ɪts bɪn rɪˈpild ər ʧeɪnʤd ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˈkændədeɪts plæn). ðɛrz ˈɔlsoʊ ə taɪp əv ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz dɪˈskəst bɪˈloʊ kɔld "ˈkɛrid ˈɪntəˌrɛst." ðɪs ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ðən ə lɔŋ tərm ˈkæpɪtəl geɪn ərnd ˌɪnˈsaɪd ən ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp ənd ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd ɪn pɑrt tɪ ə ˈmænəʤɪŋ ˈpɑrtnər. ɪts nɑt ˈdɪfərənt ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈkæpɪtəl geɪn, bət ɪt ɪz ˈɔfən ˈsɪŋgəld aʊt baɪ ˈlɪˌbərəlz fər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈrizənz. ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ɪf ðɛr wɑz ə praɪz fər ðə moʊst ˈkɑmplɛks ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz tæks ˈplætˌfɔrm, ɪt wʊd əˈʃʊrədli bi əˈwɔrdɪd tɪ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən. ʃi prəˈpoʊzɪz ˈmɛni nu ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz reɪts ðən təˈdeɪ, beɪst ɔn ðə ˈdʊˈreɪʃən wən oʊnz ən ˈæˌsɛt soʊld ənd wənz ˈɪnˌkəm ðə jɪr əv ðə seɪl: ˈklɪntən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈtæksɪz "ˈkɛrid ˈɪntəˌrɛst" ɛz ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈɪnˌkəm, soʊ ðət reɪt ˈraɪzɪz frəm təˈdeɪ tɪ ˈəndər ðə ˈklɪntən ɪz ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə loʊər tæks reɪts fər ðoʊz ɪn loʊər tæks ˈbrækɪts ənd wɪθ ˈvɛriəs ˈdʊˈreɪʃənz. ɪts seɪf tɪ seɪ ðət ðɛr wʊd bi ˈdəzənz əv ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz reɪts ˈəndər hər "plæn." ˈbərni ˈsændərz baɪ ˈkɑntræst, ðə ˈsændərz plæn ɔn ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz ɪz ˈprɪti ˈsɪmpəl. ɔl ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz əˈbəv ə smɔl ɪgˈzɛmpʃən hæv tɪ peɪ ə tæks tɪ hɛlp peɪ fər hɪz "ˈmɛdəˌkɛr fər ɔl" ˈsɪŋgəl peɪər ˈsoʊʃəˌlaɪzd ˈhɛlθˌkɛr ˈsɪstəm. ðɪs ˈifɛktɪvli meɪks ðə ˈsərˌtæks ə 6 ˈsərˌtæks fər ˈfæməliz ˈmeɪkɪŋ æt list pər jɪr. ɪf ə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld meɪks mɔr ðən pər jɪr (wɛr moʊst geɪnz əˈkər), ɪt peɪz ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈɪnˌkəm tæks ɔn ɪts ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz, pləs ðə 6 ˈsərˌtæks. ˈsændərz ˈreɪzɪz ðə tɔp ˈstæʧəˌtɔri ˈɪnˌkəm tæks reɪt tɪ 54 æd ɪn ðə ˈsərˌtæks, ənd jʊr æt ə 60 tɔp ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz reɪt. wət ˈklɪntən ənd ˈsændərz hæv ɪn ˈkɑmən iʧ plæn wʊd rɪˈzəlt ɪn ə ˈvɛri lɑrʤ ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ðə ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz tɔp reɪt. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə tæks ˈpɑləsi ˈsɛnər, ðə haɪəst ðɪs reɪt ˈɛvər gɑt wɑz ʤɪst ˈəndər 40 ɪn ðə leɪt 1970s*, wɪʧ prɪˈsɪpɪˌteɪtɪd ðə səˈplaɪ saɪd ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ənd ðə ˈrigən tæks kəts. ˈwɛðər jʊr ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə 60 ˈsændərz reɪt ər ðə ˈklɪntən reɪt, jʊr ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ə ˈmæsɪv ˌɪnˈkris frəm ˈtudeɪz ˈlɛvəl. iʧ plæn ˈɔlsoʊ taɪz ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz tækˈseɪʃən tɪ ˈɪnˌkəm fɑr mɔr ðən təˈdeɪ. ˈsændərz ɪz ˈvɛri spɪˈsɪfɪk əˈbaʊt ɪt, ɪkˈspoʊzɪŋ ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz ərnd baɪ ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldz ˈmeɪkɪŋ mɔr ðən tɪ ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈɪnˌkəm tækˈseɪʃən (waɪl kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl nu, haɪər ˈɔrdəˌnɛri reɪts). ˈklɪntən ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr kɔɪ əˈbaʊt ɪt, kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ boʊθ ˈɪnˌkəm ənd ˈdʊˈreɪʃən əv ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp. bət iʧ plæn muvz fɑr ˈkloʊzər ðən təˈdeɪ tɪ ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈɪnˌkəm tækˈseɪʃən əv ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz. ɪts ˈwaɪdli bɪˈlivd ɪn kənˈsərvətɪv tæks ˈsərkəlz ðət ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈɪnˌkəm tækˈseɪʃən əv ɔl taɪps əv ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz ɪz ə ˈlɔŋˌstændɪŋ goʊl əv lɛft əv ˈsɛnər ˈpɑləsiˌmeɪkərz. ˈfaɪnəli, iʧ ˈkænədɪt həz noʊ ˌhɛzəˈteɪʃən tɪ tæks "ˈkɛrid ˈɪntəˌrɛst" ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz ɛz ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈɪnˌkəm. ðɪs ɪz ə ˈmætər əv ˈsɛtəld ˈpɑləsi ɔn ðə lɛft, gʊd ˈɑrgjəmənts tɪ ðə ˈkɑntrɛri ˌnɑtwɪθˈstændɪŋ.
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the major presidential campaigns have a lot they disagree on with the iowa caucuses just a week away. nowhere do they disagree more than on the subject of capital gains taxation--even within the same political party.
in order to help inform voters, below is a brief survey of where the democratic presidential candidates stand on the capital gains tax.
current law
a capital gain is defined as the profit made by a taxpayer on the sale of an asset--sales price less cost basis.
if a capital gain is realized after the underlying asset has been held less than one year, it is taxed at ordinary income tax rates as high as 39.6% (plus the 3.8% surtax described below).
if a capital gain is realized after the underlying asset has been held more than one year, it is taxed at a special rate of 20% for most taxpayers (less than that for low and middle income households). there are special rates for real estate depreciation recapture, timber, art and collectibles. the reasoning for a lower rate is a mixture of motivations--incentive to invest, backing into an inflation index of basis, and a desire to mitigate a second layer of tax on savings. it's fair to call the current half-tax treatment of long term gains a rough justice compromise of all these concerns.
in addition to this tax on capital gains, a 3.8% surtax is applied to gains which occur in households making more than $250,000 per year ($200,000 for singles). there is no inflation indexation of this figure. as a result, most long term capital gains are actually taxed at 23.8%. for the remainder of this analysis, the 3.8% surtax will be added to all capital gains rates since most gains occur in these households (unless it's been repealed or changed as part of the candidate's plan).
there's also a type of capital gains discussed below called "carried interest." this is nothing more than a long term capital gain earned inside an investment partnership and allocated in part to a managing partner. it's not different than any other capital gain, but it is often singled out by liberals for political reasons.
the democrats
hillary clinton
if there was a prize for the most complex capital gains tax platform, it would assuredly be awarded to hillary clinton. she proposes many new capital gains rates than today, based on the duration one owns an asset sold and one's income the year of the sale:
clinton also taxes "carried interest" as ordinary income, so that rate rises from 23.8% today to 47.4% under the clinton plan.this is in addition to the lower tax rates for those in lower tax brackets and with various durations. it's safe to say that there would be dozens of capital gains rates under her "plan."
bernie sanders
by contrast, the sanders plan on capital gains is pretty simple. all households above a small exemption have to pay a 2.2% tax to help pay for his "medicare for all" single payer socialized healthcare system. this effectively makes the 3.8% surtax a 6% surtax for families making at least $250,000 per year.
if a household makes more than $250,000 per year (where most gains occur), it pays ordinary income tax on its capital gains, plus the 6% surtax. sanders raises the top statutory income tax rate to 54%. add in the surtax, and you're at a 60% top capital gains rate.
what clinton and sanders have in common
each plan would result in a very large increase in the capital gains top rate. according to the tax policy center, the highest this rate ever got was just under 40% in the late 1970s, which precipitated the supply side revolution and the reagan tax cuts. whether you're talking about the 60% sanders rate or the 47.4% clinton rate, you're talking about a massive increase from today's 23.8% level.
each plan also ties capital gains taxation to income far more than today. sanders is very specific about it, exposing capital gains earned by households making more than $250,000 to ordinary income taxation (while creating several new, higher ordinary rates). clinton is a little more coy about it, combining both income and duration of ownership. but each plan moves far closer than today to ordinary income taxation of capital gains. it's widely believed in conservative tax circles that ordinary income taxation of all types of capital gains is a longstanding goal of left of center policymakers.
finally, each candidate has no hesitation to tax "carried interest" capital gains as ordinary income. this is a matter of settled policy on the left, good arguments to the contrary notwithstanding.
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ˈəpˌdeɪt: pəˈlis hæv ərˈɛstɪd ə mæn fər ðə ˈmərdər əv ə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər dɪˈlɪvəri mæn ɪn ˈəpˈtaʊn ˈʃɑrlət. dɪˈtɛktɪvz seɪ ˈrɑʤər bɛst, 22 ʃɑt ənd kɪld ˈwɔltər ““wes”*” skɑt jr*., ɛz hi dɪˈlɪvərd ˈpeɪpərz ˈərli ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ nɪr ˈbɪrdən pɑrk. əˈpɛrəntli, bɛst ʃɑt skɑt ˈæftər əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ rɑb ɪm. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrts, ɛz pəˈlis rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ ðə ˈʃutɪŋ kɔl, əˈnəðər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl flægd daʊn pəˈlis ˈsteɪtɪŋ hi hæd bɪn ʃɑt ˈɔlsoʊ. pəˈlis seɪ ðət mæn wɑz bɛst, hu ɪz ˈkərəntli biɪŋ ˈtritɪd fər hɪz ˈɪnʤəriz æt ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈsɛnər. pəˈlis hæv nɑt ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd haʊ bɛst wɑz ʃɑt. əˈpɑn riˈlis frəm ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl, bɛst wɪl bi ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈmərdər, əˈtɛmptəd ɑrmd ˈrɑbəri, ənd pəˈzɛʃən əv ˈfaɪˌrɑrm baɪ ˈfɛlən. ðɪs keɪs ɪz stɪl ˈəndər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ˈɛniˌwən wɪθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈɪnsədənt ɪz æst tɪ kɔl ənd spik dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ə ˈhɑməˌsaɪd ˈjunɪt dɪˈtɛktɪv. ˈʃɑrlət, n.c*. pəˈlis hæv aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ðə mæn hu wɑz kɪld ˈərli ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ ɪn ˈəpˈtaʊn. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz seɪ ˈwɔltər ““wes”*” skɑt, jr*. wɑz ʃɑt ənd kɪld nɪr ˈbɪrdən pɑrk ɔf wɛst ˈmɑrtɪn ˈluθər kɪŋ jr*. ˈbʊləˌvɑrd. ə ˈsɛkənd mæn flægd daʊn ən ˈɔfɪsər ə ʃɔrt ˈdɪstəns əˈweɪ seɪɪŋ hi hæd ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ʃɑt. pəˈlis ər nɑt seɪɪŋ ɪf ðə ˈʃutɪŋz wər rɪˈleɪtɪd. ðət mæn wɑz ˈteɪkən tɪ ə ˈloʊkəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəl wɪθ θˈrɛtənɪŋ ˈɪnʤəriz. noʊ ərˈɛsts hæv bɪn meɪd æt ðɪs taɪm. ə ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbər kənˈfərmz tɪ ðət skɑt wɑz dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz fər ðə ˈʃɑrlət əbˈzərvər ɪn ˈəpˈtaʊn æt ðə taɪm əv ðə ˈʃutɪŋ. skɑt dɪˈlɪvərd ˈpeɪpərz fər ðə əbˈzərvər fər ˈoʊvər 40 jɪrz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz. skɑt wɑz ə ˈkɑnˌtræktər fər skɑt ˈəˌpraɪt. ˈəˌpraɪt sɛd skɑt lɛft ðə ˈwɛˌrhaʊs əraʊnd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ tɪ bɪˈgɪn hɪz dɪˈlɪvəri rut. ˈəˌpraɪt ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd skɑt hæd ˈmɛnʃənd rɪˈtaɪrɪŋ frəm hɪz pəˈzɪʃən bət sɛd ðət hi ˌriˈtaɪər bɪˈkəz hi hæd bɪn duɪŋ ðɪs fər hɪz ɪnˈtaɪər laɪf. ɪt ɪz wɪθ ə sæd, ˈhɛvi, ˈbroʊkən hɑrt ðət ɑr ˈbrəðər, wɛs klæs əv 69 wɑz ʃɑt ənd kɪld ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ in…*… ˈpoʊstɪd baɪ ˈbɑrbərə ˈskɪdmɔr skɑt ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˈfɛbruˌɛri 15 2017 ˈɛniˌwən wɪθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðɪs ˈmərdər ɪz æst tɪ kɔl.
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update: police have arrested a man for the murder of a long-time newspaper delivery man in uptown charlotte.
detectives say roger best, 22, shot and killed walter “wes” scott jr., as he delivered papers early wednesday morning near romare bearden park.
apparently, best shot scott after attempting to rob him.
according to reports, as police responded to the shooting call, another individual flagged down police stating he had been shot also.
police say that man was best, who is currently being treated for his injuries at carolina’s medical center. police have not indicated how best was shot.
upon release from the hospital, best will be charged with murder, attempted armed robbery, and possession of firearm by felon.
this case is still under investigation. anyone with information about this incident is asked to call 704-432-tips and speak directly to a homicide unit detective.
charlotte, n.c. — police have identified the 65-year-old man who was killed early wednesday morning in uptown. investigators say walter “wes” scott, jr. was shot and killed near romare bearden park off west martin luther king jr. blvd.
a second man flagged down an officer a short distance away saying he had also been shot. police are not saying if the shootings were related. that man was taken to a local hospital with non-life threatening injuries.
no arrests have been made at this time. a family member confirms to wccb that scott was delivering newspapers for the charlotte observer in uptown at the time of the shooting. scott delivered papers for the observer for over 40 years, according to family members.
scott was a contractor for scott upright. upright said scott left the warehouse around 2am wednesday morning to begin his delivery route. upright also said scott had mentioned retiring from his position but said that he retire because he had been doing this for his entire life.
it is with a sad, heavy, broken heart that our brother, wes (ghs class of '69) was shot and killed this morning in… posted by barbara skidmore scott on wednesday, february 15, 2017
anyone with information on this murder is asked to call 704-432-tips.
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stɑp ˈweɪstɪŋ maɪ taɪm wɪθ ðiz ˈbʊlˌʃɪt ˈɑrtɪkəlz ˈmæksi rɑˈdrigɛz blɑkt ˈfɑloʊ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ 12 2016 fər ðə ˈkɑmən əˈmɛrɪkən (ənd woman-child*), ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd wɪθ ˈʃɪftɪŋ ˌdɛməˈgræfɪks ənd məˈnɔrəti ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ˈæskɪŋ fər ˈikwəl raɪts ɪn ə wərld wɛr bɪn reɪzd tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst ðə ʃɑrp bleɪd əv əˈfərmətɪv ˈækʃən ðət kɛpt ðɛr ˈɪˌdiət pərˈspɛktɪvz aʊt əv steɪt skulz, fju ˈbɛtər weɪz tɪ gɪt ɔf (ˈsɛkʃuəli) ðən ə pæs ˈnɪtɪd bɪtˈwin ðə faɪn laɪn ðət ˈsɛpərˌeɪts ə ˈkræfti dɪˈfɛndər ənd ðə ˈreɪsɪst, ˈhɪroʊ ˈfɔrwərd ˈʤɔgɪŋ pæst ɪm ɔn rut tɪ ə goʊl. aɪ min ˈɛni əv ðɪs, aɪ ˈprɑməs. səm ˈpipəl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, du. səm ˈpipəl (ənd aɪ min people”*” laɪk ˈreɪsɪsts min ɪt. aɪ ˈlɪtərəli ʤɪst min ə səˈlɛkʃən əv ˈpipəl) wʊd laɪk tɪ rɪˈdus ðət ˈriʤən wɛr spɔrts, ˌdɛməˈgræfɪks, ˈkəlʧər ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks kəˈlaɪd ˈɪntu ðə sɔrt əv hɑt teɪk bɪlt fər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. əˈvɔɪd ðə fækts, pʊt ˈfɔrwərd ə ˈʤɛnərəl aɪˈdiə ðət meɪ ər meɪ nɑt bi tru (ɛz lɔŋ ɛz proʊˈvɑkətɪv), ənd gɪt ðoʊz heɪt klɪks wɪn jʊr ˈɑrtɪkəl faɪndz ɪts weɪ ˈɪntu ðə nɪʧ ˈʃɪtɪŋ ɔn fər ðə deɪ. biɪŋ rud. ˈrɪli rud. ənd aɪ ˈrɪli min ðɪs. ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪtɪŋ. bət ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪtɪŋ fər ə ˈrizən, soʊ lɛt mi ʤɪst gɪt ðɪs aʊt əv ðə weɪ ˈərli: hɑt teɪks kən ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈtɑpɪks, bət mɔr ˈɔfən ðən nɑt, ðeɪ liv ˈɑrgjəmənts ɪn ðə ˈdəstbɪn ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ðə sɔrt əv kənˈkluʒənz fər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈpækɪʤɪŋ. ənd ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt θɪŋ: ju gɪt ˈkrɛdɪt fər səˈʤɛstɪŋ ə ˈminɪŋfəl kənˈkluʒən wɪn ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ənd ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈtɑpɪk. ðoʊz ər fər ðə seɪm θɪŋ, bət aɪ θɔt aɪ wʊd ʤɪst ˈəndərˌlaɪn ðət tɪ ʃoʊ haʊ ˈsɪriəs aɪ æm. wɪn ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ə ril ˈtɑpɪk, ðə sɔrt wɛr səm ˈpipəl (aɪ min ðɪs ɪn ə ˈreɪsɪst weɪ) ʤəmp ˈɪntu ən ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ənd ˌɪnˈtɛnsli dɪˈfɛnsɪv pəˈzɪʃən, ju hæv tɪ gɪt ɪt raɪt. ju hæv tɪ gɪt ɪt raɪt. ðɪs ən ˈɪndəstri wɛr ˈpɑrʃəl ˈkrɛdɪt kaʊnts. nɑt hir. ju ˈiðər nɑk ɪt aʊt əv ðə pɑrk ər ju fəkt əp ðə wən taɪm ə jɪr əˈlaʊd tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ril ˈtɑpɪks. ɪf biɪŋ ˈɑnəst hir, ˈprɑbəˌbli wərs ðən ðɪs. ˌriəˈlɪstɪkli, wɪn ju fək ɪt əp, jʊr ˈmɛnʃənz wɪl gɪt fɪld ər soʊ rɔŋ lolssss”*” ənd ɪf ə ˈwʊmən, dɛθ θrɛts, probs*. ɪf ju du gɪt ɪt raɪt, jʊr ˈmɛnʃənz wɪl gɪt fɪld ər soʊ rɔŋ lolssss”*” ənd ɪf ə ˈwʊmən, dɛθ θrɛts, probs*. bət æt list wɪn ju gɪt ɪt raɪt, ju hæv ˈmeɪbi ən ˈɛkstrə 5 ʧæns əv ˈhævɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən ˌəndərˈstænd jʊr pərˈspɛktɪv ənd ˈmeɪbi teɪk ə ˈfʊtˌstɛp təˈwɔrdz ə lɛs əˈgrɛsɪv pəˈzɪʃən. ðət maɪt nɑt sim laɪk məʧ, bət wɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈmɑrʤənz, ˈprɑˌgrɛs! ənd soʊ gɪt tɪ ðə ˈtɑpɪk əv ɑr ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən təˈdeɪ. ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl: ðə dɑrk saɪd əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɑkər. nɑt ˈgɑnə laɪ: aɪ sɔ ðət ˈɑrtɪkəl ənd aɪ ˈfəkɪŋ dɪd ə kjuˈaʊtəmɑk poʊz bɪˈkəz aɪ wɑz ˈrɛdi fər ðət wən ˈɑrtɪkəl ə jɪr wɛr ˈsəmˌwən pɔɪnts aʊt ðə peɪl ˈneɪʧər əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɑkər ənd ðə weɪz ɪn wɪʧ ðɪs ˈprɑbləm ɪz pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈmidiə, ðə ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən ənd ðə lig. lʊk æt ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪn.. aɪ wɑz soʊ ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd. laɪk, ðə moʊst ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd bɪn sɪns aɪ faʊnd aʊt ðət ˈɪntərˌpoʊl meɪd mɔr ðən 2 ˈælbəmz. laɪk, wət. ə nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈɑrtɪkəl (wɪʧ ɪz laɪk, nɑt ə blɔg ər ə saɪt ðət ˈjuzɪz), ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈɔfərɪŋ ə pis (ðə kaɪnd wɪθ fækts ənd dɪˈfɛnsəbəl pəˈzɪʃənz ənd stəf), ɪt wɛnt tɪ ə ˈsɑkər geɪm, sɛd æt ɔl ðiz waɪt dudes,”*,” ənd ræn wɪθ ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ɔl waɪt djudz məst bi ˈreɪsɪst bɪˈkəz səm ˌjʊrəˈpiənz ər ˈreɪsɪst ənd ðiz waɪt djudz ˈkɑpi səm əv ðɛr ʧænts, wɪʧ ɪn ɑr ˈmɑdərn wərld, ər ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk. (aɪ ʤɪst ðət bɪˈkəz aɪ ˈwɔntɪd ju tɪ gɪt ˈæŋgri fər ə splɪt ˈsɛkənd. ðoʊz ʧænts ər ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk!) aɪ min, aɪ du ðət ɔl ðə taɪm wɪn ˈʤoʊkɪŋ əraʊnd. laɪk, æt ɔl ðiz waɪt djudz! du ðeɪ θɪŋk trəmp ɪz pleɪɪŋ ɪn today?”*?” ə bæd ʤoʊk, bət bɪn ə lɔŋ deɪ, soʊ lɛt mi hæv ɪt, ˈoʊˈkeɪ? ðə pɔɪnt ɪz ðət aɪ goʊ tɪ ə geɪm, lʊk æt ə bənʧ əv waɪt djudz ənd raɪt ən ˈɑrtɪkəl fər ə ril ˈmægəˌzin ðət ˈpipəl ˈæˌkʧuəli rɛd wɛr aɪ kɔl ðoʊz waɪt djudz ˈreɪsɪst. hu noʊz? ðeɪ maɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli bi ˈreɪsɪst, bət aɪ ˈʤɛnərəli laɪk tɪ hæv səm fækts, ər æt list ə ˈsɪriz əv rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈɪnsədənts tɪ juz ɛz ɪgˈzæmpəlz wɪn aɪ əˈkjuz ˈsəmˌwən əv ˈreɪˌsɪzəm ənd kriˈeɪtɪŋ ən ənˈseɪf ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ˈʤɛnərəli ðoʊ. ˈɛniˌweɪ, nɑt spɛnd taɪm daɪˈsɛktɪŋ ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl. træʃ. ju gɪt ðə pɔɪnt, raɪt? əˈmɛrɪkənz hæv əˈdɑptəd ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈtɛndənsiz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ laɪk ˈjʊrə træʃ, ənd ðɪs dɪˈvɛləpmənt həz meɪd ənˈseɪf fər ləˈtinoʊ fænz. ɔl gʊd, raɪt? kul. soʊ hir ər ðə ˈprɑbləmz ðɪs træʃ ˈɑrtɪkəl (træʃ ˈɑrtɪkəlz ˈhæpən, dud hu roʊt ɪt. kul. ɪt ˈhæpənz.) kriˈeɪts. soʊ ˈsɑri fər ˈjuzɪŋ ðət wərd) si ɪt ɛz ə stɛp ɪn ðə raɪt dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ənd ʃɛr, ˈifɛktɪvli loʊərɪŋ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz əv gʊd ˈraɪtɪŋ. soʊ prɪˈdɪktəbəl ðət ˈhɑrdˈkɔr fænz kən dɪsˈmɪs ɪt bɪˈkəz rɛd ðə seɪm ˈstɔriˌlaɪn wɪθ ðə seɪm əˈproʊʧ əˈbaʊt faɪv ˈbɪljən taɪmz. dɪˈfɛnsɪv fænz (ðə taɪp wi ʃʊd bi ˈtɑrgətɪŋ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðɛr hɑrts ənd maɪndz) gɪt ən ˈizi aʊt bɪˈkəz noʊ ril ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl. ˈɛni pəˈtɛnʃəl fər ə ˈrizənəbəl ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən (lɔl ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ðoʊ) gɪts ruɪnd bɪˈkəz ˈrɪli nɑt ˈrɪli ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈfækʧuəl tɪ bɪld əˈpɑn. ðə ˈtɑpɪk gɪts ˈpɔɪzənd fər ə ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm ənd wi hæv tɪ weɪt fər ɑr ˈfəkɪŋ ˈmoʊbəl geɪm ˈtaɪmər tɪ ˈrifɪl tɪ lɛt ˈjuˈɛs tɔk əˈbaʊt ɪt əˈgɛn. ðiz θɪŋz, kəmˈbaɪnd, ər bæd. laɪk, ril bæd. braʊz ˈɛni kɔld ənd si fænz ˈneɪmɪŋ ðə θri braʊn djudz ðeɪ hæv ɪn ðɛr səˈpɔrtər grup ənd haʊ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðeɪ juz ˈspænɪʃ ʧænts. wi gɪt ˈtɑkoʊ bɛl ɔn matchdays.”*.” ər ˈivɪn wərs, gɪt ðə ˈpipəl hu ˈsədənli ʤəmp ɪn wɪθ ðə ʃʊd wi chanters”*” wɪʧ ɪz ə hoʊl ˈɛkstrə ˈtɑpɪk ðət gɪvz mi ə ˈhɛˌdeɪk. ɔl ɪn ɔl, ʤɪst seɪɪŋ ðət ðɪs teɪk ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛni ˈkloʊzər tɪ ˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈpipəl tɪ kənˈfrənt ril ˈɪʃuz. laɪk haʊ ˈlɪtərəli ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ˈsɑkər minz ˈmɛksɪkənz wɪn ðeɪ seɪ lɑˈtinoʊs. ər haʊ ðə ˈmidiə pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪts ənd ə ˈnɛgətɪv pərˈspɛktɪv təˈwɔrdz ˈmɛksəkən fænz waɪl ðeɪ ˈoʊvərˌlʊk ˈɪnsədənts ˈkloʊzər tɪ hoʊm. ər haʊ nɑt ˈɛvəri ˈmɛksəkən fæn wɛrz ə sɑmˈbrɛroʊ ɔn ðə ˈwiˌkɛndz waɪl ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ˈbrɑŋkoʊ. (ðeɪ ˈfəkɪŋ ʃʊd ðoʊ.) ər haʊ ðə ˈmidiə prəˈtɛkts ˈsərtən grups bɪˈkəz ðeɪ meɪk fər gʊd ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəriz wɪn ˈtʊrnəmənt taɪm kəmz. ər haʊ ðə ˈmidiə ˌɪgˈnɔrz ril, ˈstɔriz kloʊz tɪ hoʊm bɪˈkəz ðət ɪgˈzɑtɪk ˈstɔri əv groʊθ frəm pur sərˈaʊndɪŋz ˈoʊnli ˈhæpən overseas.”*.” ər haʊ ˈpipəl ɪn pəˈzɪʃənz əv paʊər ər ˈnoʊtəbli, nɑt dɪˈvərs. ər haʊ dəˈmɛstɪk ligz hɪˈstɔrɪkəli dən məʧ tɪ riʧ hɪˈspænɪks dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət ðeɪ ˈɔlˌmoʊst meɪk əp 40 əv ðə vˈjuərˌʃɪp. ər haʊ ðə lig ˌɪgˈnɔrz məˈnɔrətiz əv ɔl taɪps bɪˈkəz ðeɪ fɪt ˈɪntu ən ˈizi kənˈsumər ˈproʊˌfaɪl. ər haʊ ðə lig ˌɪgˈnɔrz məˈnɔrəti ˈɪʃuz. ər haʊ ðə lig ˈɛkˌsplɔɪts ɪts fju məˈnɔrəti fænz wɪθ ˈtɑrgətɪd ˈmɑrkətɪŋ bət noʊ ril ˈpərʧəs təˈwɔrdz kəmˈjunɪti ˈbɪldɪŋ. ər haʊ ˈpipəl ˈfɛtɪʃ pur kɪdz ɛz ˈnæʃənəl tim pleɪərz wɪˈθaʊt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, ““hey*, ðiz kɪdz ər pur, hɛlp them.”*.” ər, ju noʊ wɛr ˈhɛdɪŋ wɪθ ðɪs. noʊt: aɪ min, mi ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ðɪs tu soʊ ˌwəˈtɛvər: aɪ noʊ ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪz biɪŋ meɪd ənd ðɛr ər ɪkˈsɛpʃənz! ðoʊz ɪkˈsɛpʃənz ənd saɪnz əv ˈprɑˌgrɛs əv ˈfəkɪŋ doʊp. ɪz ˈbɪldɪŋ ə ʃɪt tən əv fildz. ðət ɪz ˈfəkɪŋ kul. wi stɪl nid tɪ kənˈfrənt ənˈkəmfərtəbəl ˈtɑpɪks ðoʊ. ˈɔlsoʊ, ðɪs ɪz ˈmidiəm wɪʧ ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli ə ˈfænsi livejournal*, soʊ gtfo*.) ju gɪt maɪ pɔɪnt. ˈræntɪŋ. ənd tɪ ə ˈsərtən ɪkˈstɛnt, ðɪs *weɪvz ɑrmz ˈhɛlpfəl ˈiðər, bət fək. ðɛr ər ril ˈtɑpɪks tɪ kənˈfrənt ˈpipəl wɪθ. ril, ˈtænʤəbəl, lɪvd ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ðət ˈpipəl nid tɪ si. ənd ðɪs wən ˈɑrtɪkəl teɪks ɑr ˈjɪrli ˈræʃən, ənd ˈpʊʃɪz ˈjuˈɛs bæk əˈbaʊt 6 mənθs! aɪ noʊ wət ˈθɪŋkɪŋ: ɪf ju blɑ blɑ ˈsəmθɪŋ raɪt ɪt yourself.”*.” ənd raɪt! aɪ ʃʊd, ənd goʊɪŋ tɪ traɪ tɪ, bət aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ wɔnt tɪ seɪ ðɪs tɪ ðə rɛst əv ju. fɔl fər hɑt teɪks wɪn ɪt ˈrɪli kaʊnts. ˈfəkɪŋ dɪg ɪn ənd du ril wərk. ənˈlɛs ju wɔnt tɪ du əˈbaʊt ˈmæˌskɑts, bɪˈkəz ðoʊz ər ˈfəkɪŋ doʊp ənd aɪ wɪl gɪv ju soʊ ˈmɛni klɪks. ʧɪrz, ˈmæksi ˈhæpi fər tɪ dɪsəˈgri wɪθ mi ənd aɪ wʊd ləv tɪ lərn jʊr pərˈspɛktɪv. xoxo*.) (yooooooooo*, aɪ fərˈgɑt. ðɪs ɪz ˈmidiəm, soʊ noʊ ˈkɛrɪktər ˈlɪmət! ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ hɪt ðə ˈkɑmɛnts, ˈmeɪbi ðɪs ɪz ə ˈdisənt pleɪs tɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli tɔk əˈbaʊt θɪŋz?)
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stop wasting my time with these bullshit articles
maxi rodriguez blocked unblock follow following jul 12, 2016
for the common american man-child (and woman-child), frustrated with shifting demographics and minority populations asking for equal rights in a world where they’ve been raised to protest the sharp blade of affirmative action that kept their idiot perspectives out of state schools, there’s few better ways to get off (sexually) than a well-placed pass knitted between the fine line that separates a crafty defender and the racist, hero forward jogging past him on route to a goal.
i don’t mean any of this, i promise. some people, however, do. some people (and i don’t mean “some people” like racists mean it. i literally just mean a selection of people) would like to reduce that region where sports, demographics, culture and politics collide into the sort of hot take built for social media. avoid the facts, put forward a general idea that may or may not be true (as long as it’s provocative), and get those hate clicks when your article finds its way into the niche you’re shitting on for the day.
i’m being rude. really rude. and i don’t really mean this. i’m exaggerating. but i’m exaggerating for a reason, so let me just get this out of the way early: internet-ready hot takes can highlight important topics, but more often than not, they leave well-reasoned arguments in the dustbin in favor of the sort of conclusions optimized for social packaging. and here’s the important thing: you don’t get credit for suggesting a meaningful conclusion when you’re dealing with a significant and important topic. those are synonyms for the same thing, but i thought i would just underline that to show how serious i am. when you’re dealing with a real topic, the sort where some people (i mean this in a racist way) jump into an immediate and intensely defensive position, you have to get it right. you have to get it right.
this isn’t an industry where partial credit counts. we’re not self-grading here. you either knock it out of the park or you fucked up the one time a year we’re allowed to talk about real topics. if i’m being honest here, it’s probably worse than this. realistically, when you fuck it up, your mentions will get filled “you are so wrong lolssss” and if you’re a woman, death threats, probs. if you do get it right, your mentions will get filled “you are so wrong lolssss” and if you’re a woman, death threats, probs. but at least when you get it right, you have maybe an extra 5% chance of having someone understand your perspective and maybe take a footstep towards a less aggressive position. that might not seem like much, but when you’re working in the margins, that’s progress!
and so let’s get to the topic of our conversation today. this article: the dark side of american soccer. i’m not gonna lie: i saw that article and i fucking did a cuauhtemoc pose because i was ready for that one article a year where someone points out the pale nature of american soccer and the ways in which this problem is perpetuated by the media, the federation and the league. look at the headline.
y’all. i was so disappointed. like, the most disappointed i’ve been since i found out that interpol made more than 2 albums. like, what. here’s a new york times article (which is like, not a blog or a site that uses listicles), and instead of offering a well-reasoned piece (the kind with facts and defensible positions and stuff), it went to a soccer game, said “look at all these white dudes,” and ran with the idea that all white dudes must be racist because some europeans are racist and these white dudes copy some of their chants, which in our modern world, are problematic. (i just italicized that because i wanted you to get angry for a split second. those chants are problematic!)
i mean, i do that all the time when i’m joking around. like, “look at all these white dudes! do they think trump is playing in midfield today?” that’s a bad joke, but it’s been a long day, so let me have it, ok? the point is that i wouldn’t go to a game, look at a bunch of white dudes and write an article for a real magazine that people actually read where i call those white dudes racist. who knows? they might actually be racist, but i generally like to have some facts, or at least a series of related incidents to use as examples when i accuse someone of racism and creating an unsafe environment. generally though.
anyway, let’s not spend time dissecting the article. it’s trash. you get the point, right? americans have adopted european tendencies because they want to cosplay like euro trash, and this development has made mls unsafe for latino fans. we’re all good, right? cool.
so here are the problems this trash article (trash articles happen, nbd dude who wrote it. it’s cool. it happens.) creates.
well-intentioned influencers (i’m so sorry for using that word) see it as a step in the right direction and share, effectively lowering everyone’s expectations of good writing.
it’s so predictable that hardcore fans can dismiss it because they’ve read the same storyline with the same approach about five billion times.
defensive fans (the type we should be targeting to change their hearts and minds) get an easy out because there’s no real information in the article.
any potential for a reasonable conversation (lol on the internet tho) gets ruined because there’s really not really anything factual to build upon.
the topic gets poisoned for a period of time and we have to wait for our fucking mobile game timer to refill to let us talk about it again.
these things, combined, are bad. like, real bad. browse any subreddit called /r/mls and you’ll see fans naming the three brown dudes they have in their supporter group and how sometimes they use spanish chants. “sometimes we get taco bell on matchdays.” or even worse, you’ll get the people who suddenly jump in with the quasi-racist “why should we accomodate puto chanters” which is a whole extra topic that gives me a headache.
all in all, i’m just saying that this doesn’t take us any closer to forcing people to confront real issues. like how literally everyone in soccer means mexicans when they say latinos. or how the media perpetuates homerism and a negative perspective towards mexican fans while they overlook incidents closer to home. or how not every mexican fan wears a sombrero on the weekends while listening to bronco. (they fucking should though.) or how the media protects certain groups because they make for good documentaries when tournament time comes. or how the media ignores real, hard-hitting stories close to home because that exotic story of growth from poor surroundings “can only happen overseas.” or how people in positions of power are notably, not diverse. or how domestic leagues haven’t historically done much to reach hispanics despite the fact that they almost make up 40% of the league’s viewership. or how the league ignores minorities of all types because they don’t fit into an easy consumer profile. or how the league ignores minority issues. or how the league exploits its few minority fans with targeted marketing but no real purchase towards community building. or how people fetish poor kids as national team players without thinking, “hey, these kids are poor, let’s help them.” or, you know where i’m heading with this.
(editor’s note: i mean, it’s me editing this too so whatever: i know progress is being made and there are exceptions! those exceptions and signs of progress of fucking dope. nycfc is building a shit ton of fields. that is fucking cool. we still need to confront uncomfortable topics though. also, this is medium which is basically a fancy livejournal, so gtfo.)
you get my point. i’m ranting. and to a certain extent, this *waves arms around* isn’t helpful either, but fuck. there are real topics to confront people with. real, tangible, lived experiences that people need to see. and this one article takes our yearly ration, and pushes us back about 6 months!
i know what you’re thinking: “well if you blah blah something write it yourself.” and you’re right! i should, and i’m going to try to, but i also want to say this to the rest of you. don’t fall for hot takes when it really counts. fucking dig in and do real work.
unless you want to do listicles about mascots, because those are fucking dope and i will give you so many clicks.
cheers,
maxi
(i’m happy for y’all to disagree with me and i would love to learn your perspective. xoxo.)
(yooooooooo, i forgot. this is medium, so there’s no character limit! if you want to hit the comments, maybe this is a decent place to actually talk about things?)
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waɪ jʊr gərɑʒ dɔr ˈoʊpənər maɪt nɑt wərk ɪn pɑrts əv ˈpɔrtsməθ ə ˈnuli ˈæktɪˌveɪtɪd ˈreɪdiˌoʊ kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈsɪstəm æt ˈpɔrtsməθ ˈneɪvəl ˈʃɪˌpjɑrd kʊd əˈfɛkt gərɑʒ dɔr ˈoʊpənərz ɪn ðə hir tɪ vju ðə ˈɛnərˌpraɪz lænd ˈmoʊbəl ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈsɪstəm ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz bɪtˈwin dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv dɪˈfɛns ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌpərsəˈnɛl ənd ˈloʊkəl fərst rɪˈspɑndərz laɪk faɪər gərɑʒ dɔr ˈoʊpənərz juz ˈfrikwənsiz ðət ər rɪˈzərvd fər ækˈtɪvɪti. ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪz ər ˈligəl ˈəndər pɑrt 15 əv ˈfɛdərəl kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz kəˈmɪʃən rulz, ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðeɪ juz ˈvɛri loʊ paʊər ənd du nɑt ˌɪnərˈfɪr wɪθ ˈgəvərnmənt kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz sɛd, "ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˌɪnˈkrist nidz əv ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti, ðə naʊ məst meɪk mɔr juz əv ðiz ˈfrikwənsiz tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ nu ˈmoʊbəl ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈsɪstəmz ɔn ənd əraʊnd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri hoʊm ər ˈbɪznɪs ˈoʊnərz ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ðɛr gərɑʒ dɔr ˈoʊpənərz ər ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ðə ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər ənd æsk ðət ðə dɪˈvaɪs bi ˈrɛˌtroʊˌfɪtɪd. ə ˈnuli ˈæktɪˌveɪtɪd ˈreɪdiˌoʊ kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈsɪstəm æt ˈpɔrtsməθ ˈneɪvəl ˈʃɪˌpjɑrd kʊd əˈfɛkt gərɑʒ dɔr ˈoʊpənərz ɪn ðə ˈɛriə. klɪk hir tɪ vju ðə ˈvɪdioʊ. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ðə ˈɛnərˌpraɪz lænd ˈmoʊbəl ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈsɪstəm ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz bɪtˈwin dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv dɪˈfɛns ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌpərsəˈnɛl ənd ˈloʊkəl fərst rɪˈspɑndərz laɪk faɪər dɪˈpɑrtmənts. moʊst gərɑʒ dɔr ˈoʊpənərz juz ˈfrikwənsiz ðət ər rɪˈzərvd fər ækˈtɪvɪti. ðə dɪˈvaɪsɪz ər ˈligəl ˈəndər pɑrt 15 əv ˈfɛdərəl kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz kəˈmɪʃən rulz, ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðeɪ juz ˈvɛri loʊ paʊər ənd du nɑt ˌɪnərˈfɪr wɪθ ˈgəvərnmənt kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈsɪstəmz. əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd, "ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˌɪnˈkrist nidz əv ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti, ðə naʊ məst meɪk mɔr juz əv ðiz ˈfrikwənsiz tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ nu ˈmoʊbəl ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈsɪstəmz ɔn ənd əraʊnd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈbeɪsɪz." ˈnɪrˈbaɪ hoʊm ər ˈbɪznɪs ˈoʊnərz ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ðɛr gərɑʒ dɔr ˈoʊpənərz ər ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ðə ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər ənd æsk ðət ðə dɪˈvaɪs bi ˈrɛˌtroʊˌfɪtɪd.
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why your garage door opener might not work in parts of portsmouth
a newly activated radio communications system at portsmouth naval shipyard could affect garage door openers in the area.click here to view the video.the enterprise land mobile radio system is supposed to improve communications between department of defense military security personnel and local first responders like fire departments.most radio-controlled garage door openers use frequencies that are reserved for dod activity. the devices are legal under part 15 of federal communications commission rules, as long as they use very low power and do not interfere with government communications systems.officials said, "in response to increased needs of homeland security, the dod now must make more use of these frequencies to deploy new mobile radio systems on and around military bases."nearby home or business owners experiencing problems with their garage door openers are encouraged to contact the manufacturer and ask that the device be retrofitted.
a newly activated radio communications system at portsmouth naval shipyard could affect garage door openers in the area.
click here to view the video.
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the enterprise land mobile radio system is supposed to improve communications between department of defense military security personnel and local first responders like fire departments.
most radio-controlled garage door openers use frequencies that are reserved for dod activity. the devices are legal under part 15 of federal communications commission rules, as long as they use very low power and do not interfere with government communications systems.
officials said, "in response to increased needs of homeland security, the dod now must make more use of these frequencies to deploy new mobile radio systems on and around military bases."
nearby home or business owners experiencing problems with their garage door openers are encouraged to contact the manufacturer and ask that the device be retrofitted.
alertme
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ɪn ə steɪt ðət həz dip taɪz tɪ ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri, ən ˈɪmɪʤ əv ðə ˈgəvərnərz ˈdɔtər ɪn ə ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɛˌdrɛs ɪz nɑt biɪŋ rɪˈsivd wɛl. "dərˈɑgəˌtɔri. əˈfɛnsɪv. ˌdɪsrɪˈspɛktfəl," sɛd ʃaɪɛn ʧif ˈgɔrdən. sɪz ðə ˈɪmɪʤ əv krɪˈstinə ˈfælɪn ˌɪnˈsəlts ðə ˈɑnər ðət ˈhɛdˌdrɛsəz brɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkənz ðət wɛr ðɛm. hi sɪz iʧ ˈfɛðər həz ˈspɛʃəl ɪts nɑt tɪ bi juzd ɛz ə ˈfæʃən ˈsteɪtmənt. ˈfælɪn ˈpoʊstɪd ðə ˈpɪkʧər ˈθərzˌdeɪ naɪt ɔn instagram*. ɪts sɪns bɪn dɪˈlitəd. "aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ˈvɛri ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt," sɛd. "aɪ θɪŋk ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈpipəl tɛnd tɪ du θɪŋz wɪθ ˈɪgnərəns wɪn ðeɪ doʊnt hæv ðə tru ər ðeɪ doʊnt ˌəndərˈstænd ðeɪ doʊnt hæv ən ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ˈvælju əv wət ðət ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈrɪli ɪz. ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈminɪŋ, ðə ˈminɪŋ ənd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns əv ðət ˈhɛˌdrɛs" ˈfælɪn ˈɪʃud ðɪs ˈsteɪtmənt, seɪɪŋ, ɪn pɑrt, "ðoʊ ɪt meɪ nɑt hæv bɪn ɑr oʊn, ðɪs ɛsˈθɛtɪk həz əˈfɛktɪd ˈjuˈɛs ˈiˌmoʊʃnəli ɪn ə ˈvɛri ril ənd ˈvɛri ˈminɪŋfəl weɪ. pliz fərˈgɪv ˈjuˈɛs ɪf wi ˈɪnəsəntli əˈdɔrn ɑrˈsɛlvz ɪn jʊr ˈbjutəfəl θɪŋz. wi du soʊ wɪθ ðə ˈdipəst rɪˈspɛkt." bət vərˈɑnɪkə, hu ɪz ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ənd pɑrt əv ðə ˈwɪʧəˌtɔ traɪb sɪz ɪts ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti. "aɪ ˈkʊdənt hɛlp bət θɪŋk ʃi ˈdəzənt noʊ," sɛd. "ʃi ˈdəzənt ˌəndərˈstænd ənd ðæts ˈoʊˈkeɪ. əm ˈprɪti ʃʊr ʃi hæd ə lɔt əv ˈkɑmɛnts meɪd tɪ hər ənd tɪ bi ˈɑnəst, biɪŋ ə ˈneɪtɪv ˈwʊmən, aɪ ʤɪst hæd ˈɛmpəθi." ʧif ˈgɔrdən əˈgriz. hi sɪz ɪts ə ʧæns tɪ tɛl ˈpipəl əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns ənd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns əv ˈneɪtɪv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪmbəlz, laɪk ðə ˈhɛˌdrɛs. "wɪr stɪl əˈlaɪv. wɪr stɪl hir, ənd wi stɪl hæv ə ˈkəlʧər ðæts ˈhaɪli rɪˈspɛktɪd əˈməŋst iʧ ˈəðər," sɛd. ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ˈgəvərnər ˈɔfəs sɛd hi hæd noʊ ˈkɑmɛnt æt ðɪs taɪm.
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in a state that has deep ties to native american history, an image of the governor's daughter in a native american headdress is not being received well.
"derogatory. offensive. disrespectful," said cheyenne chief gordon yellowman.
yellowman says the image of christina fallin insults the honor that headdresses bring to the native americans that wear them. he says each feather has special meaning---and it's not to be used as a fashion statement.
fallin posted the picture thursday night on instagram. it's since been deleted.
"i think it's very inappropriate," yellowman said. "i think sometimes people tend to do things with ignorance when they don't have the true or they don't understand they don't have an educational value of what that object really is. the traditional meaning, the meaning and significance of that headdress"
fallin issued this statement, saying, in part, "though it may not have been our own, this aesthetic has affected us emotionally in a very real and very meaningful way. please forgive us if we innocently adorn ourselves in your beautiful things. we do so with the deepest respect."
but veronica bruesch, who is native american and part of the wichita tribe says it's an opportunity.
"i couldn't help but think she doesn't know," bruesch said. "she doesn't understand and that's ok. i'm pretty sure she had a lot of comments made to her and to be honest, being a native woman, i just had empathy."
chief gordon agrees. he says it's a chance to tell people about the importance and significance of native american symbols, like the headdress.
"we're still alive. we're still here, and we still have a culture that's highly respected amongst each other," bruesch said.
a spokesman for governor fallin's office said he had no comment at this time.
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wət ˈhæpənz wɪn ju ənˈliʃ pəˈlis ɪn quasi-military*, no-holds-barred*, staɪl əˈgɛnst ə pərˈsivd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈprɑbləm? ɛz ˌmɪnəˈsoʊtənz kʊd tɛl ju, ɪt tərnz aʊt ðət ju gɪt ɔl əv ðə əˈbjuzɪz ðət ju ʃʊd hæv ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd frəm ənˈliʃɪŋ ɑrmd trups ɪn quasi-military*, no-holds-barred*, staɪl əˈgɛnst jʊr soʊˈsaɪɪti. ənd ˈivɪn ˈæftər juv sɛnt ðoʊz kɑps tɪ səm ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv ðə bæk əv ðə ˈwʊdˌʃɛd, ˈklinɪŋ əp ðə mɛs teɪks jɪrz. ðə (ˈminɪŋ, nɑt ˈklɪrli ˈəndər ˈɛnibədiz kənˈtroʊl) ˈmɛˌtroʊ gæŋ straɪk fɔrs wɑz ʃət daʊn ˈæftər rɪˈpɔrts əv əˈbjuz əv paʊər, bruˈtælɪti ənd ˈaʊˈtraɪt θɛft ˈædɪd əp. ðə dɛθ nɛl fər ðə straɪk fɔrs, wɪʧ ˌɪtˈsɛlf wɑz ˈæktɪŋ laɪk gæŋ, keɪm ɪn meɪ 2009 wɪn ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ˈɔdɪtərz rɪˈpɔrt kənˈkludɪd, ˈmɛˌtroʊ gæŋ straɪk ˈfɔrsɪz ˌɪnˈtərnəl kənˈtroʊlz wər nɑt ˈædəkˌweɪt..." ɛz ðə ˈfɑloʊˌəp rɪˈpɔrt (pdf*) əv ðə ˈmɛˌtroʊ gæŋ straɪk fɔrs ˌrivˈju ˈpænəl dɪˈteɪld ɪn ˈɔgəst 2009 ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈɪʃuəns əv ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ˈɔdɪtərz rɪˈpɔrt, ɔn ðə naɪt əv meɪ 20 ə ˈnəmbər əv straɪk fɔrs ˈɔfɪsərz wər əbˈzərvd ʃˈrɛdɪŋ ˈdɑkjəmənts æt ðə straɪk fɔrs ˈɔfəsɪz. æt ðət taɪm, ðə kəˈmɪʃənər əv ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti ʃət daʊn ðə straɪk fɔrs ˈpɛndɪŋ ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ ðɪs ˈpænəl ənd ðə f.b.i*. ʃˈrɛdɪŋ ˈdɑkjəmənts? jæ. ðæts nɑt ə gʊd saɪn. hir ər səm ˈhaɪˌlaɪts frəm ˌrivˈju ˈpænəl rɪˈpɔrt: ɪmˈplɔɪiz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ swɔrn ˈɔfɪsərz, rɪˈpitɪdli tʊk ˈprɑpərti əbˈteɪnd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈsərʧɪz fər ðɛr oʊn ˈpərsɪnəl juz. ðiz ˈaɪtəmz ˌɪnˈkludɪd, əˈməŋ ˈəðər θɪŋz, flæt skrin ənd lɑrʤ skrin ˈtɛləˌvɪʒənz, ˈlæpˌtɑps ənd ˈəðər kəmˈpjutər ɪkˈwɪpmənt, ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks, ˈʤuəlri ənd ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl ˈaɪtəmz. ɔn ə fju ɔˈkeɪʒənz, ˈɔfɪsərz rɪˈtərnd ˈprɑpərti tɪ ðə straɪk fɔrs ˈɔfəsɪz wɪn ˈəðərz meɪd ən ˈɪʃu əv ðɛr ˈkɑndəkt. səm əv ðə ˈaɪtəmz riˈmuvd baɪ ˈɔfɪsərz fər ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl juz wər ˈaɪtəmz ðət wər ˈstoʊlən baɪ ə dɪˈfɛndənt ɪn ə keɪs, ənd kʊd hæv bɪn rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðɛr ˈraɪtfəl ˈoʊnər. ɛz ðə ˌsæʧərˈeɪʃən ˈditeɪlz gru tɪ ˌɪnˈklud stɑps ðət wər nɑt gang-related*, straɪk fɔrs ˈɔfɪsərz bɪˈgæn tɪ siz fəndz frəm ðoʊz stɑpt, rəˈgɑrdləs əv ˈɛni ˌɪnˈtɛnt tɪ faɪl ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpipəl stɑpt ənd wɪˈθaʊt rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ˈwɛðər ðə fəndz kʊd ˈrizənəbli bi kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ˌɪˈligəl ækˈtɪvɪti. ɪn leɪt 2008 straɪk fɔrs ˈɔfɪsərz wər æst tɪ saɪn blæŋk fɔrmz pərˈmɪtɪŋ ðə ˈɛvədəns ɪn ðɛr ˈkeɪsɪz tɪ bi dɪˈstrɔɪd. wəns ðiz ˈdɑkjəmənts wər saɪnd, straɪk fɔrs ˌpərsəˈnɛl pleɪst fɔrmz ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ˈɛvədəns wɑz dɪˈstrɔɪd ˈɪntu faɪlz ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈɛvədəns wɑz nɑt, ɪn fækt, dɪˈstrɔɪd. wɪθ ðə grup ɪn dɪsˈgreɪs ənd ˈəndər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə pʊld ðə pləg ɔn ðə ˈmɛˌtroʊ gæŋ straɪk fɔrs wɑz ɪn 2009 ðə steɪt sun ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət ɔl əv ðoʊz ˈpipəl mɪˈstritɪd baɪ ðə kræk tim wʊd hæv tɪ bi meɪd raɪt ˈsəmˌhaʊ ɪf ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ gʊd ˈlɔjərz. ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ əv ðɪs jɪr, ðə ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn səm əv ðə kɔsts ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn (ˈsəmˈwət) ˈkɑmpənˌseɪtɪŋ ˈvɪktɪmz əv ðə ˈmɛˌtroʊ gæŋ straɪk fɔrs: mɔr ðən wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd ˈmənˌdeɪ tɪ 96 ˈvɪktɪmz əv ˌɪˈligəl ˈsərʧɪz, ˈsiʒərz ənd juz əv ɪkˈsɛsɪv fɔrs baɪ ðə ˈmɛˌtroʊ gæŋ straɪk fɔrs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈdəzən ˈʤuvəˌnaɪlz hu wər ˈtɑrgətɪd baɪ ə ˈbrʊklɪn pɑrk pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər. ðə gæŋ ˈjunɪt, ʃət daʊn baɪ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti θri jɪrz əˈgoʊ ðɪs mənθ, broʊk θru ˈpipəlz dɔrz wɪˈθaʊt ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən, sizd ˈprɑpərti wɪˈθaʊt ˌɔθərəˈzeɪʃən ənd ˈɪnʤərd ˈpipəl hu wər nɑt ˈsəˌspɛkts, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrts baɪ mɑrk, ə st*. pɔl əˈtərni əˈpɔɪntɪd ɛz ˈspɛʃəl ˈmæstər ɪn ðə keɪs. ðə əˈwɔrdz, ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm 300 tɪ kənˈklud ðə meɪn feɪz ɪn ðə 2010 ˈsɛtəlmənt əv ə 3 ˈmɪljən ˈlɔˌsut ðət əˈlaʊd ˈvɪktɪmz əv ðə straɪk ˈfɔrsɪz mɪsˈdidz tɪ əˈplaɪ fər ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən, bət ˈoʊnli ɪf ðeɪ hæd hæd ˈprɑpərti ˈteɪkən. əˈnəðər rɪˈzəlt əv ðət ˈlɔˌsut, ðoʊ, wɑz ə ˈsɪriz əv ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz əˈbaʊt wət ðət ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən wɑz fər. ðə ˈɪnsədənts ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kɔrs əv kɔrt prəˈsidɪŋz dɛlv ʤɪst ə ˈlɪtəl ˈdipər ðən ðə əˈfɪʃəl rɪˈpɔrts. əˈgɛn, frəm ðə ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs: ə ˈtɑdlər, nɑt jɛt 2 jɪrz oʊld, wɑz kɪkt ɪn ðə hɛd baɪ ə ˈmɛˌtroʊ gæŋ straɪk fɔrs ˈɔfɪsər ənd hɪz krɪb wɑz dɪˈstrɔɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə bɑʧt drəg reɪd. ðə ˈgəvərnmənts peɪaʊt tɪ ðə ʧaɪld: ə ˈlɪŋkən ˈnævəˌgeɪtər ˌɛsˌjuˈvi, sizd baɪ ðə straɪk fɔrs, wɑz rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðə ˈoʊnər 18 mənθs ˈleɪtər, wɪθ mɔr maɪəlz ɔn ɪt. peɪaʊt tɪ ðə ˈoʊnər: ɪn ˈəðər reɪdz, ˈɔfɪsərz ˌɪmˈprɑpərli sizd ə ˈblɛndər, klæs rɪŋz, ən aɪs ˈɔgər ənd ə stəmp ˈdɪgər. wən mæn lɔst səm twɪnz ˈbeɪsˈbɔl hæts hi sɛd wər ˈɔtəˌgræft baɪ ʤoʊ maʊər. hɪz ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən: ɪf ðə kæps ər nɑt rɪˈtərnd. əˈbaʊt ðət əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl: ən ˈɔfɪsər traɪd tɪ kɪk ə ˈwʊmən, bət ˌɪnˈstɛd kɪkt hər ˈtɑdlər. ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ʃoʊd ə bruz ɔn hɪz ˈfɔrhɛd. ə 289 krɪb wɑz dɪˈstrɔɪd. ɪn ɪts dɪˈfɛns, ðə straɪk fɔrs kɔld ɪt "ə reɪd ənd ðət ˈɔfɪsərz ər pərˈmɪtɪd tɪ juz fɔrs kəˈmɛnsərɪt wɪθ ðə ˈdeɪnʤər," roʊt. "aɪ æm əˈneɪbəl tɪ dɪˈsərn waɪ ɪt wʊd bi ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ kɪk ˈməðər," roʊt, ˈɪʃuɪŋ ə əˈwɔrd. ˈdɔlərz fər ˌæksəˈdɛnəli ˈkɪkɪŋ ə ˈtɑdlər waɪl ˈmɪsɪŋ ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ kɪk ðə ˈbeɪbiz ˈməðər wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˈrizən? simz ə ˈlɪtəl ˌɪˈnædəkˌweɪt, ˈdəzənt ɪt? wɛl, ðæts ɛz məʧ ˈpeɪˌbæk ɛz ˈɛnibədi gɪts. soʊ fɑr ɛz aɪ kən tɛl, ðə fɛdz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈprɑsəˌkjut ˈoʊnli wən əv ðə ˈfɔrmər straɪk fɔrs ˈmɛmbərz. ənd hi wɑz faʊnd "nɑt ˈgɪlti." noʊ ˈəðər ˈʧɑrʤɪz hæv bɪn brɔt.
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what happens when you unleash police in quasi-military, no-holds-barred, special-forces style against a perceived social problem? as minnesotans could tell you, it turns out that you get all of the abuses that you should have anticipated from unleashing armed troops in quasi-military, no-holds-barred, special-forces style against your society. and even after you've sent those out-of-control cops to some equivalent of the back of the woodshed, cleaning up the mess takes years.
the multi-agency (meaning, not clearly under anybody's control) metro gang strike force was shut down after reports of abuse of power, brutality and outright theft added up. the death knell for the strike force, which itself was acting like gang, came in may 2009, when the legislative auditor's report concluded, "[t]he metro gang strike force's internal controls were not adequate..." as the follow-up report (pdf) of the metro gang strike force review panel detailed in august 2009:
following the issuance of the legislative auditor's report, on the night of may 20, a number of strike force officers were observed shredding documents at the strike force offices. at that time, the commissioner of the department of public safety shut down the strike force pending further investigation by this panel and the f.b.i.
shredding documents? yeah. that's not a good sign. here are some highlights from review panel report:
employees, including sworn officers, repeatedly took property obtained during searches for their own personal use. these items included, among other things, flat screen and large screen televisions, laptops and other computer equipment, electronics, jewelry and recreational items. on a few occasions, officers returned property to the strike force offices when others made an issue of their conduct. some of the items removed by officers for their personal use were items that were stolen by a defendant in a case, and could have been returned to their rightful owner. ... as the saturation details grew to include stops that were not gang-related, strike force officers began to seize funds from those stopped, regardless of any intent to file charges against the people stopped and without regard to whether the funds could reasonably be connected to illegal activity. ... in late 2008, strike force officers were asked to sign blank forms permitting the evidence in their cases to be destroyed. once these documents were signed, strike force personnel placed forms noting that evidence was destroyed into files in which the evidence was not, in fact, destroyed.
with the group in disgrace and under investigation, minnesota pulled the plug on the metro gang strike force was in 2009. the state soon realized that all of those people mistreated by the crack law-enforcement team would have to be made right somehow — if only because they had access to good lawyers. in july of this year, the minneapolis star-tribune reported on some of the costs involved in (somewhat) compensating victims of the metro gang strike force:
more than $840,000 was awarded monday to 96 victims of illegal searches, seizures and use of excessive force by the now-defunct metro gang strike force, including a dozen juveniles who were targeted by a brooklyn park police officer. the scandal-ridden gang unit, shut down by the department of public safety three years ago this month, broke through people's doors without justification, seized property without authorization and injured people who were not suspects, according to reports by mark gehan, a st. paul attorney appointed as special master in the case. the awards, ranging from $300 to $75,000, conclude the main phase in the 2010 settlement of a $3 million class-action lawsuit that allowed victims of the strike force's misdeeds to apply for compensation, but only if they had had property taken.
another result of that class-action lawsuit, though, was a series of revelations about what that compensation was for. the incidents documented during the course of court proceedings delve just a little deeper than the official reports. again, from the minneapolis star-tribune:
a toddler, not yet 2 years old, was kicked in the head by a metro gang strike force officer and his crib was destroyed during a botched drug raid. the government's payout to the child: $6,000. a lincoln navigator suv, seized by the strike force, was returned to the owner 18 months later, with 20,000 more miles on it. payout to the owner: $25,000. in other raids, officers improperly seized a blender, class rings, an ice auger and a stump digger. one man lost some twins baseball hats he said were autographed by joe mauer. his compensation: $2,000 if the caps are not returned.
about that toddler-as-soccer-ball ... according to the article:
an officer tried to kick a woman, but instead kicked her toddler. a photo showed a bruise on his forehead. a $289 crib was destroyed. in its defense, the strike force called it "a high-risk raid and that officers are permitted to use force commensurate with the danger," gehan wrote. "i am unable to discern why it would be necessary to kick claimant's mother," gehan wrote, issuing a $6,000 award.
six-thousand dollars for accidentally kicking a toddler while missing an attempt to kick the baby's mother without any reason? seems a little inadequate, doesn't it? well, that's as much payback as anybody gets. so far as i can tell, the feds decided to prosecute only one of the former strike force members. and he was found "not guilty." no other charges have been brought.
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9 ˈmɛtrɪks ðət kən meɪk ə ˈdɪfərəns tɪ ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt timz ɛz aɪ ˈnoʊtɪd ɪn ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl "waɪ ˈmɛtrɪks ˈmætər ɪn ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt (ənˈlɛs ju pɛr ðɛm wɪθ ˈbɪznɪs goʊlz)," ˈʧuzɪŋ ˈmɛtrɪks rikˈwaɪərz kənˈsɪdərəbəl θɔt ənd kɛr tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk kˈwɛsʧənz ə ˈbɪznɪs ˈrɪli nidz tɪ ˈænsər. hɪrz ðə ˈkrɪtɪkəl pɔɪnt: ˈmɛʒərmənts ʃʊd ˈoʊnli bi dɪˈzaɪnd ɛz ə weɪ tɪ ˈænsər ˈbɪznɪs kˈwɛsʧənz. ənd ðoʊz kˈwɛsʧənz ər ˈnɛvər, ˈmɛni ər wi əp tɪ now?”*?” ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl pɪks əp wɛr ðə ˈpriviəs wən lɛft ɔf, baɪ dɪˈskəsɪŋ fərst ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈmɛtrɪks ˈɛvəri tim ʃʊd bɪˈgɪn ˈjuzɪŋ, ər æt list plæn tɪ juz sun ɛz ə weɪ tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ˈnoʊtəsəbəl pərˈfɔrməns. noʊt ðət ðə ˈtaɪtəl əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl kleɪmz ðət ðɛr ər ˈmɛtrɪks ðət kən meɪk ə ˈtruli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, wət wɪl ˈrɪli meɪk ə ˈdɪfərəns, ɪz haʊ ðoʊz ˈmɛtrɪks ər ˈæˌkʧuəli juzd tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ˈbɪznɪs ˈvælju. ðət juz ɪz əp tɪ ju. ðɛn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl kənˈkludz baɪ ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ haʊ ju kən ˈkɑmbaɪn ðiz ˈmɛtrɪks tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈminɪŋ, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈfɔrmjəˌleɪt ənd tɛst ə ˈbɪznɪs ˈvælju haɪˈpɑθəsəs. wərld kˈwɑləti rɪˈpɔrt: ðə steɪt əv ənd ˈtɛstɪŋ gɪt rɪˈpɔrt stɑrt baɪ ˈmɛʒərɪŋ ðə raɪt θɪŋz hir ər naɪn əˈbʤɛktɪv ˈmɛtrɪks (mɑrkt baɪ ˈbʊlət pɔɪnts) ðət ju ʃʊd ˈmɑnətər kənˈtɪnjuəsli, tɪ meɪk ˌɪnkrəˈmɛntəl ˌɪmˈpruvmənts tɪ ˈprɑsɛsəz ənd pərˈdəkʃən ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts. ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɪn ðiz ˈnəmbərz wɪl nɑt ˌgɛrənˈti ðət jʊr ˈkəstəmər ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən ˈlɛvəlz wɪl raɪz baɪ lips ənd baʊndz. bət æt list ðiz ər ðə raɪt θɪŋz tɪ ˈmɛʒər. ɪn ə ˈleɪtər ˈsɛkʃən əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, ɪt ɔl together,”*,” si waɪ. ˈæʤəl ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈmɛtrɪks fər ˈæʤəl ənd lin ˈprɑsɛsəz, ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈmɛtrɪks ər, ˈsaɪkəl taɪm, tim vəˈlɑsəti, ənd reɪts. ðiz ˈmɛtrɪks eɪd ˈplænɪŋ ənd ˌɪnˈfɔrm dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ˈprɔˌsɛs ˌɪmˈpruvmənt. waɪl ðeɪ ˈmɛʒər səkˈsɛs ər ˈvælju ˈædɪd, ənd ðeɪ hæv ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ðə əˈbʤɛktɪv kˈwɑləti əv ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr, ju ʃʊd ˈmɛʒər ðɛm ˈɛniˌweɪ. ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ bɪˈloʊ. lɔŋ ɪt teɪks ju tɪ goʊ frəm aɪˈdiə tɪ dɪˈlɪvərd ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ bi mɔr rɪˈspɑnsɪv tɪ jʊr ˈkəstəmərz, wərk tɪ rɪˈdus jʊr, ˈtɪpɪkəli baɪ ˈsɪmpləˌfaɪɪŋ dɪˈsɪʒənˌmeɪkɪŋ ənd rɪˈdusɪŋ weɪt taɪm. ˌɪnˈkludz ˈsaɪkəl taɪm. ˈsaɪkəl taɪm lɔŋ ɪt teɪks ju tɪ meɪk ə ʧeɪnʤ tɪ jʊr ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈsɪstəm ənd dɪˈlɪvər ðət ʧeɪnʤ ˈɪntu pərˈdəkʃən. timz ˈjuzɪŋ kənˈtɪnjuəs dɪˈlɪvəri kən hæv ˈsaɪkəl taɪmz ˈmɛʒərd ɪn ˈmɪnəts ər ˈivɪn ˈsɛkəndz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv mənθs. tim vəˈlɑsəti ˈmɛni ““units”*” əv ˈsɔfˌwɛr ðə tim ˈtɪpɪkəli kəmˈplits ɪn ən ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən (a.k.a*. ““sprint”*”). ðɪs ˈnəmbər ʃʊd ˈoʊnli bi juzd tɪ plæn ˌɪtəˈreɪʃənz. kəmˈpɛrɪŋ tim vəˈlɑsətiz ɪz ˈnɑnsɛns, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈmɛtrɪk ɪz beɪst ɔn ˈɛstəˌmeɪts. ˈtritɪŋ vəˈlɑsəti ɛz ə səkˈsɛs ˈmɛʒər ɪz ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt, ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə spɪˈsɪfɪk vəˈlɑsəti ˈɪntu ə goʊl dɪˈstɔrts ɪts ˈvælju fər ˌɛstəˈmeɪʃən ənd ˈplænɪŋ. ˈmɛni pərˈdəkʃən ˈɪʃuz ər ˌriˈpɔrtəd ənd kloʊzd wɪˈθɪn ə spɪˈsɪfɪk taɪm ˈpɪriəd. ðə ˈʤɛnərəl trɛnd ˈmætərz mɔr ðən ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈnəmbərz. wɪn ˈɛni ər ɔl əv ðiz ˈmɛtrɪks ər aʊt əv ðə ɪkˈspɛktɪd reɪnʤ ər ˈtrɛndɪŋ ɪn əˈlɑrmɪŋ dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz, du nɑt əˈsum ə kɔz. tɔk tɪ ðə tim, gɪt ðə hoʊl ˈstɔri, ənd lɛt ðə tim ˌdɪˈsaɪd ˈwɛðər ðɛr ɪz kɔz fər kənˈsərn, ənd ɪf soʊ, haʊ tɪ fɪks ɪt. ju ˈkænɑt noʊ ər əˈsum rut ˈkɔzɪz frəm ðə ˈnəmbərz, bət ðiz ˈmɛtrɪks gɪv ju ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˈɪntu wɛr jʊr ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈprɑsɛsəz nid əˈtɛnʃən. ə haɪ ˈoʊpən reɪt ənd ə loʊ kloʊz reɪt əˈkrɔs ə fju ˌɪtəˈreɪʃənz, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, meɪ min ðət ðə pərˈdəkʃən ˈɪʃuz ər ˈkərəntli ə loʊər praɪˈɔrəti ðən nu ˈfiʧərz, ər pərˈhæps ðət ðə tim ɪz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn rɪˈdusɪŋ ˈtɛknɪkəl dɛt tɪ fɪks ɪnˈtaɪər ˈklæsɪz əv ˈɪʃuz, ər ðət ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpərsən hu nu haʊ tɪ fɪks ðɛm kwɪt, ər ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls. ju ˈkænɑt noʊ ər əˈsum rut ˈkɔzɪz frəm ðə ˈnəmbərz. pərˈdəkʃən ˌænəˈlɪtɪks min taɪm bɪtˈwin ˈfeɪljərz (mtbf*) min taɪm tɪ (mttr*) boʊθ ər ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈmɛʒərz əv jʊr ˈsɔfˌwɛr pərˈfɔrməns ɪn ɪts ˈkɑrənt pərˈdəkʃən ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən kræʃ ˈmɛni taɪmz ən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən feɪlz dɪˈvaɪdɪd baɪ haʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz ɪt wɑz juzd. ðɪs ˈmɛtrɪk ɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ənd. noʊt ðət nən əv ðiz θri ˈmɛtrɪks tɛlz ju əˈbaʊt ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈfiʧərz ər ˈjuzərz əˈfɛktɪd. stɪl, ðə sˈmɔlər ðə ˈnəmbərz, ðə ˈbɛtər. ˈmɑdərn ˈsɔfˌwɛr meɪks ˈgæðərɪŋ dɪˈteɪld ˈmɛtrɪks ɔn ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈproʊˌgræmz ənd trænˈzækʃənz ˈfɛrli ˈizi, bət ɪt teɪks taɪm ənd ˈkɛrfəl θɔt tɪ sɛt əp ˈprɑpər ˈreɪnʤɪz fər əˈlərts ˈtrɪgərz fər ˈskeɪlɪŋ əp ər daʊn (fər ˈsɪstəmz). wi wʊd laɪk ɑr ˈsɔfˌwɛr tɪ ˈnɛvər feɪl, bət stəˈtɪstɪkəli ˌɪmˈprɑbəbəl. wɪn ɑr ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪz feɪl, wi wʊd laɪk ɪt tɪ ˈnɛvər luz ˈɛni ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈdætə ənd rɪˈkəvər ˈɪnstəntli, bət ðət kən bi ɛkˌstrɔrdəˈnɛrəli ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ əˈʧiv. ɪf jʊr ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɪz jʊr sɔrs əv ˈrɛvəˌnu, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈɛfərt ɪz ˈwərθˈwaɪl. bɪɔnd ənd, mɔr ˈmɛʒərmənts ər beɪst ɔn ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl trænˈzækʃənz, ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, ənd soʊ ɔn, ənd ðeɪ rɪˈflɛkt ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˈvælju dɪˈlɪvərd ənd ðə kɔst əv ˈfeɪljərz. ɪf jʊr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˈkræʃɪz wən taɪm ɪn ə ˈhənərd bət rɪˈkəvərz ɪn ə ˈsɛkənd ər tu ənd luz ˈɛni ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ðət 1 pərˈsɛnt kræʃ reɪt meɪ bi gʊd ɪˈnəf. bət ɪf iʧ kræʃ ɪz əv ən æp ðət rənz trænˈzækʃənz ə deɪ, ˈluzɪz ə 100 seɪl, ənd kɔsts 50 tɪ riˈmidiˌeɪt ɔn ðə bæk ɛnd, ðət 1 pərˈsɛnt kræʃ reɪt ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə praɪˈɔrəti. ˈfɪksɪŋ ɪt wɪl ˌɪmˈpækt ðə ˈbɑtəm laɪn sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli. ˈkɑnfərəns: ˈsəmɪt 2019 ˈɑptɪˌmaɪz jʊr dɪˈplɔɪmənt ˈpaɪˌplaɪn sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈmɛtrɪks sɪˈkjʊrəti ɪz ən ˈæˌspɛkt əv ˈsɔfˌwɛr kˈwɑləti ðət ɪz ˈɔfən ˈoʊvərˌlʊkt ənˈtɪl ˈleɪtər (ər tu leɪt). sɪˈkjʊrəti æˈnælɪsɪs tulz kən bi juzd ɪn ðə bɪld ˈprɔˌsɛs, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ mɔr ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzd ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃənz ənd strɛs tɛsts. sɪˈkjʊrəti rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ər ˈɔfən ˈsɪmpəl ənd common-sensical*, bət ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt tim nidz tɪ bi ˈmaɪndfəl əv ðɛm, ənd əv ðə ˈmɛtrɪks dəraɪvd frəm ðɛm. ðə fʊl reɪnʤ əv sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈpræktɪsɪz ənd rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈmɛtrɪks ɪz bɪɔnd ðə skoʊp əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, bət ɛz wɪθ ˈæʤəl ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈmɛtrɪks ənd pərˈdəkʃən ˈmɛtrɪks, ðɛr ər ə fju spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈmɛtrɪks ðət kən min ə greɪt dil tɪ jʊr customers’*’ ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən. ˈɛndˌpɔɪnt ˈɪnsədənts ˈmɛni ˈɛndˌpɔɪnts (ˈmoʊbəl dɪˈvaɪsɪz, ˈwərkˌsteɪʃənz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.) hæv ɪkˈspɪriənst ə ˈvaɪrəs ˌɪnˈfɛkʃən ˈoʊvər ə ˈgɪvɪn ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm? (min taɪm tɪ sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈmɛtrɪks, ðɪs ɪz ðə taɪm bɪtˈwin ˌdɪˈskəvri əv ə sɪˈkjʊrəti briʧ ənd ə dɪˈplɔɪd, ˈwərkɪŋ ˈrɛmədi. ɛz wɪθ ðə pərˈdəkʃən ˈmɛtrɪk ˈnoʊtɪd əˈbəv, ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti ʃʊd bi trækt ˈoʊvər spɪˈsɪfɪk taɪm ˈɪntərvəlz. ɪf ðə ˈvælju groʊz sˈmɔlər ˈoʊvər taɪm, ðɛn dɪˈvɛləpərz ər bɪˈkəmɪŋ mɔr ˈifɛktɪv ɪn ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɪʃuz səʧ ɛz bəgz ənd haʊ tɪ fɪks ðɛm. fər boʊθ ðiz ˈmɛtrɪks, sˈmɔlər ˈnəmbərz ˈoʊvər taɪm min ˈmuvɪŋ ɪn ðə raɪt dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. fjuər ˈɛndˌpɔɪnt ˈɪnsədənts spiks fər ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ɛz ðə ˈvælju groʊz sˈmɔlər, dɪˈvɛləpərz ər bɪˈkəmɪŋ mɔr ˈifɛktɪv ɪn ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɪʃuz səʧ ɛz bəgz ənd haʊ tɪ fɪks ðɛm. ju kən faɪnd mɔr weɪz tɪ əˈplaɪ sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈmɛtrɪks tɪ ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn ðə ˈɑrtɪkəlz ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən sɪˈkjʊrəti fər ˈæʤəl ˈprɑʤɛkts ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti θrɛt ˈmɑdəlz: ən ˈæʤəl ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən. ə noʊt ɔn ˈmɛtrɪks təˈdeɪ ɪt ɪz ˈizi tɪ pləg ə ˈskænər ˈɪntu jʊr bɪld ˈpaɪˌplaɪn ənd ˈproʊdus rimz əv əˈbʤɛktɪv ˈmɛtrɪks. ðɛr ər ˌɛmˈpɪrɪkəl ˈævrɪʤɪz ənd səˈʤɛstɪd ˈreɪnʤɪz ənd ˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɑrgjəmənts əˈbaʊt ðə ˈrɛlətɪv ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ðiz ˈmɛtrɪks. bət ɪn ˈpræktɪs, ðiz tulz ər moʊst ˈhɛlpfəl ɪn ɛnˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈkoʊdɪŋ staɪlz, ˈflægɪŋ ˈsərtən anti-patterns*, ənd aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈaʊtlaɪərz ənd trɛnz. ʤɪst nɑt wərθ ˈgɪtɪŋ həŋ əp ɔn ðə ˈnəmbərz. ən ɪgˈzæmpəl, baɪ weɪ əv ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən. səˈpoʊz ju faɪnd ə ˈmɛθəd ɪn ə klæs wɪθ ə rɪˈdɪkjələs ˈmɛtrɪk, səʧ ɛz ən kəmˈplɛksɪti əv 52 ˈmɪljən. ðət minz ðət ɪt wʊd teɪk 52 ˈmɪljən tɛst ˈkeɪsɪz tɪ ˈfʊli ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ˈɛvəri pæθ θru ðə koʊd. ju kʊd ðə koʊd ˈɪntu ə ˈsɪmpələr ˈstrəkʧər, bət ˌbiˈfɔr ju du ðət, kənˈsɪdər wət ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˌɪmˈpækt wʊd bi. ˈʧænsɪz ər, ðə oʊld, ˈəgli koʊd wərks wɛl ɪˈnəf (ðoʊ ɪts tɛst ˈkəvərɪʤ meɪ bi ˌɪˈnædəkˌweɪt). ˈkɔlɪŋ aʊt ðə tɪ ðə tim soʊ ðeɪ kən əˈvɔɪd rɪˈpitɪŋ ɪt ɪz ˈvæljəbəl ˈlərnɪŋ, bət ˈfɪksɪŋ ɪt ˈprɑbəˌbli muv ðə ˈnidəl ɔn ˈɛni ˈrɛləvənt ˈbɪznɪs ˈmɛtrɪk. bɛst ɪf ðə tim əˈgriz tɪ ðə ˈlɛvəl əv kəmˈplaɪəns ənd rulz tɪ wɪʧ ðɛr koʊd ɪz səˈbʤɛktɪd, bət bi əˈwɛr ðət ɪgˈzæmɪnɪŋ ˈaʊtlaɪərz ənd ˈgɪtɪŋ kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt trɛnd blɪps kən weɪst ə lɔt əv taɪm. ðɛn pʊt ɪt ɔl təˈgɛðər: səkˈsɛs ɪz ðə ˈəltəmət ˈmɛtrɪk ðə ʤɔɪ əv ˈjuzɪŋ ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd tulz fər ˈtrækɪŋ ənd ˈmɛʒərɪŋ kˈwɑləti ˈmɛtrɪks ənd ˈjuzər ˌænəˈlɪtɪks ɪz ðət ɪt friz əp taɪm tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə ˈmɛtrɪks ðət ˈrɪli ˈmætər: səkˈsɛs ˈmɛtrɪks. haʊ tɪ juz ˈmɛtrɪks fər səkˈsɛs ˈbɪznɪsɪz hæv goʊlz. goʊlz ˌɪmˈplaɪ kˈwɛsʧənz, səʧ ɛz dɪz səkˈsɛs lʊk like?”*?” ər wɪl ðɪs əˈfɛkt ˈkəstəmər behavior?”*?” ˈprɑpərli kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪd kˈwɛsʧənz ˌɪmˈplaɪ ˈmɛtrɪks. pʊt əˈnəðər weɪ, ˈmɛtrɪks ʃʊd ˈoʊnli bi juzd tɪ ˈænsər kˈwɛsʧənz, tɪ tɛst haɪˈpɑθəˌsiz ðət səˈpɔrt ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈbɪznɪs goʊl. ənd ðɪs ʃʊd bi dən ˈoʊnli ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðə kˈwɛsʧənz ənd ˈænsərz hɛlp draɪv ˈpɑzətɪv ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. naʊ, ɔl ˈprɑʤɛkts ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl hæv səm sɛt əv ˌɪnˈvɛriənt goʊlz, kˈwɛsʧənz, ənd haɪˈpɑθəˌsiz, ənd ðəs ˈmɛtrɪks? jɛs, bət ˈoʊnli frəm ðə pɔɪnt əv vju əv ðə ˈbɪznɪs. ˈmɛʒərz əv θɪŋz səʧ ɛz ˈjuzər ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt, kloʊz reɪts, ˈrɛvəˌnu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən, ənd soʊ ɔn prəˈvaɪd ˈfidˌbæk ɔn haʊ ðə ˈbɪznɪs ɪz duɪŋ ɪn ðə ril wərld. ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ˈsɔfˌwɛr ðət əˈfɛkt ðə ˈbɪznɪs wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ əˈfɛkt ðiz kaɪnz əv ˈmɛtrɪks. æt ə ˈfaɪnər ˈlɛvəl əv ˌrɛzəˈluʃən, ˈɛvəri ˈfiʧər ənd ˈjuzər ˈstɔri meɪ hæv ɪts oʊn səkˈsɛs ʤɪst wən, ənd wən ðət ɪz dɪˈrɛkli rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ə ˈmɛʒər əv ˈvælju dɪˈlɪvərd tɪ ðə ˈkəstəmər. kəmˈplitɪŋ naɪn aʊt əv tɛn ˈstɔriz ɪn ə sprɪnt fər ˈfiʧərz ðət ər ˈnɛvər dɪˈlɪvərd ɪz weɪst, nɑt səkˈsɛs. dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ˈstɔriz ðət ˈkəstəmərz doʊnt wɔnt ər juz ɪz weɪst, nɑt səkˈsɛs. dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ə ˈstɔri ðət ˌɪmˈpruvz səm ˈæˌspɛkt əv ˈjuzər ˈhæpinəs ɪz ə səkˈsɛs. dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ə ˈstɔri ðət dɪˈmɑnstrəbli dɪz nɑt ˌɪmˈpruv ˈjuzər ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə səkˈsɛs, bɪˈkəz ju wɪl hæv ˈlərnɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət wərk, ˌɪnˈvælɪˌdeɪtɪd ə ˈbɪznɪs haɪˈpɑθəsəs, ənd frid əp ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ pərˈsu ˈəðər ˈævəˌnuz. haʊ tɪ ˈfɔrmjəˌleɪt ə ˈvælju haɪˈpɑθəsəs ə ˈvælju haɪˈpɑθəsəs ɪz ə ˈsteɪtmənt əˈbaʊt wət ju θɪŋk wɪl ˈhæpən ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə dɪˈlɪvəri əv ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈfiʧər. ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr, ðə dɪˈzaɪərd ˈaʊtˌkəm, ənd ðə ˈmɛtrɪks fɔrmz ðə ˈvælju haɪˈpɑθəsəs fər ðə ˈfiʧər (ər ˈsɪstəm, ər ˈstɔri, ər ˈəpˈgreɪd, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.). ðə haɪˈpɑθəsəs ʃʊd ɪkˈsprɛs haʊ ðə ˈtɑrgətɪd ˈmɛtrɪk ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ʧeɪnʤ, ˈoʊvər wət taɪm freɪm, ənd baɪ haʊ məʧ tɪ bi kənˈsɪdərd ˈifɛktɪv. ju wɪl hæv tɪ tɔk tɪ ðə tim ənd ˈprɑdəkt ˈoʊnər, æt ˈmɪnəməm, tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt ðə spɪˈsɪfɪk θɪŋ ðɪs ˈfiʧər ər ˈstɔri ɪz ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ kriˈeɪt ər ˌɪmˈpruv wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt tɪ ðə ˈbɪznɪs ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈfɔrmjəˌleɪt ɪts ˈvælju haɪˈpɑθəsəs. ju meɪ hæv tɪ æsk ““why”*” ə fju taɪmz (laɪk ə three-year-old*) tɪ pil bæk ðə leɪərz əv ənˈsteɪtɪd əˈsəmpʃənz; bi ˈpeɪʃənt. wɪn ju ˌəndərˈstænd wət ðə ˈbɪznɪs ˈvælju ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi, ju kən bɪˈgɪn ˈæskɪŋ ðə kˈwɛsʧənz ðət wɪl lɛd ju tɪ ðə ˈmɛtrɪks ðət ˈænsər ðə kˈwɛʃən. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ə ““technical”*” ˈstɔri tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðə spid əv ən ˈʧɛˌkaʊt ˈprɔˌsɛs meɪ hæv ɛz ɪts ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ əˈsəmpʃən ðət ə ˈfæstər ˈʧɛˌkaʊt wɪl lɛd tɪ mɔr seɪlz. bət waɪ du wi θɪŋk ðət? ər ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl əˈbændənɪŋ ðɛr ˈʃɑpɪŋ kɑrts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈʧɛˌkaʊt ˈprɔˌsɛs? ɪf ðət ɪz ðə kənˈsɛnsəs (bɪˈkəz ðət kənˈsɛnsəs ɪz bækt baɪ ˈbeɪsˌlaɪn ˈdætə), ðɛn ðə ˈvælju haɪˈpɑθəsəs meɪ bi bɪˈliv ðət ə ˈfæstər ˈʧɛˌkaʊt ˈprɔˌsɛs wɪl rɪˈzəlt ɪn ˈdiˌkrist reɪts, ˈlidɪŋ tɪ haɪər seɪlz ənd ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈjuzər experience.”*.” ju kən ˈprɑbəˌbli əˈsum ðət ˈjuzərz wɪl laɪk ˈspidiər ˈʧɛˌkaʊt, bət ɪt hərt tɪ æsk ɪf ˈnoʊtɪst. reɪts ənd seɪlz kən bi ˈmɛʒərd ˌbiˈfɔr ənd ˈæftər ðə nu ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz ɪn pleɪs, fər ə ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm. ɪf ðə reɪt drɑps ənd seɪlz ˌɪnˈkris (bɪɔnd stəˈtɪstɪkəl ˌfləkʧuˈeɪʃənz), ðə ˈɛvədəns səˈpɔrts ðə haɪˈpɑθəsəs ənd ju maɪt kənˈsɪdər ˈwɛðər ˈivɪn ˈfərðər spid ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ər ˈwɔrəntɪd. ɪf nɑt, lɛt ðɪs ˈmɛtrɪk feɪd ˈɪntu ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd (ər riˈmuv ɪt, ɪf dɪˈstræktɪŋ), ənd tərn jʊr əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə nɛkst haɪˈpɑθəsəs. ɪf ðə reɪt ˈdiˌkrisɪz bət seɪlz ər ənˈʧeɪnʤd, ˈmɛʒər fər ə ˈlɔŋgər ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm ər riˈθɪŋk ðə əˈsumd lɪŋk bɪtˈwin ənd seɪlz. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, juz ˈmɛtrɪks tɪ lərn, ənd ˈoʊnli ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðeɪ pruv ˈjusfəl fər ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˌɪmˈpruvmənts. ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz, ðə haɪˈpɑθəsəs meɪ bi ˈklɪrli rɔŋ, soʊ wi drɔp ðə ˈmɛtrɪks (ənd ənˈdu ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈʧeɪnʤɪz!) ˈæftər ə fju deɪz. ɪn ˈəðər ˈkeɪsɪz, ðə haɪˈpɑθəsəs meɪ bi kərˈɛkt, soʊ wi kənˈtɪnju tɪ draɪv ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ɪn ðɪs ˈɛriə fər jɪrz. sɪks hjʊˈrɪstɪks fər ˈifɛktɪv juz əv ˈmɛtrɪks wi hæv sin haʊ səˈbʤɛktɪv ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈmɛtrɪks ˈmætər fɑr mɔr fər ˈbɪznɪs səkˈsɛs ðən ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl, əˈbʤɛktɪv kˈwɑləti ˈmɛtrɪks əv oʊld. ðə ˈɛfərt rikˈwaɪərd tɪ faɪnd ənd ˈmɛʒər ˈrɛləvənt ˈbɪznɪs ˈmɛtrɪks fər ˈfiʧərz ɪz aʊtˈweɪd baɪ ðə ˈɪnˌsaɪts ənd ˈlərnɪŋ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz geɪnd. ˈbɪznɪs kənˈdɪʃənz ənd ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ʧeɪnʤ ˈkɑnstəntli, soʊ ˈrəðər ðən ˈsəmərˌaɪz ə ˈfɔrmjələ tɪ ˈfɑloʊ, wɪʧ meɪ bi ˈfræʤəl, hir ər sɪks rulz əv θəm, ər hjʊˈrɪstɪks, tɪ hɛlp meɪnˈteɪn ˈfoʊkɪs ənd ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti. meɪ ðeɪ hɛlp gaɪd ju ɔn jʊr ˈʤərni tɪ kˈwɑləti ˈsɔfˌwɛr ənd ˈbɪznɪs səkˈsɛs! ˈmɛtrɪks ˈkænɑt tɛl ju ðə ˈstɔri; ˈoʊnli ðə tim kən du ðət (wɪθ ə hæt tɪp tɪ tɑd kəmˈpɛrɪŋ sˈnoʊˌfleɪks ɪz weɪst. ju kən ˈmɛʒər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, bət ju kænt peɪ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. ˈbɪznɪs səkˈsɛs ˈmɛtrɪks draɪv ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˌɪmˈpruvmənts, nɑt ðə ˈəðər weɪ raʊnd. ˈɛvəri ˈfiʧər ædz ˈvælju; ˈiðər ˈmɛʒər ɪt ər doʊnt du ɪt. ˈmɛʒər ˈoʊnli wət ˈmætərz naʊ. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈflɪkər webinar*: ˈʤərni tɪ devops*: ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr kˈwɑləti ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɪntu ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ?
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9 metrics that can make a difference to today’s software development teams
as i noted in the article "why metrics don’t matter in software development (unless you pair them with business goals)," choosing metrics requires considerable thought and care to support the specific questions a business really needs to answer. here's the critical point: measurements should only be designed as a way to answer business questions. and those questions are never, “how many klocs are we up to now?”
this article picks up where the previous one left off, by discussing first the specific metrics every team should begin using, or at least plan to use soon as a way to improve noticeable performance. note that the title of this article claims that there are “9 metrics that can make a difference…”—because what’s truly important, what will really make a difference, is how those metrics are actually used to improve business value. that use is up to you. then this article concludes by explaining how you can combine these metrics to create meaning, as well as formulate and test a business value hypothesis.
world quality report: the state of qa and testing get report
start by measuring the right things
here are nine objective metrics (marked by bullet points) that you should monitor continuously, to make incremental improvements to processes and production environments. improvements in these numbers will not guarantee that your customer satisfaction levels will rise by leaps and bounds. but at least these are the right things to measure. in a later section of this article, “putting it all together,” you’ll see why.
agile process metrics
for agile and lean processes, the basic metrics are leadtime, cycle time, team velocity, and open/close rates. these metrics aid planning and inform decisions about process improvement. while they don’t measure success or value added, and they have nothing to do with the objective quality of the software, you should measure them anyway. i’ll explain why below.
leadtime —how long it takes you to go from idea to delivered software. if you want to be more responsive to your customers, work to reduce your leadtime, typically by simplifying decision-making and reducing wait time. leadtime includes cycle time.
cycle time —how long it takes you to make a change to your software system and deliver that change into production. teams using continuous delivery can have cycle times measured in minutes or even seconds instead of months.
team velocity —how many “units” of software the team typically completes in an iteration (a.k.a. “sprint”). this number should only be used to plan iterations. comparing team velocities is nonsense, because the metric is based on non-objective estimates. treating velocity as a success measure is inappropriate, and making a specific velocity into a goal distorts its value for estimation and planning.
open/close rates—how many production issues are reported and closed within a specific time period. the general trend matters more than the specific numbers.
when any or all of these metrics are out of the expected range or trending in alarming directions, do not assume a cause. talk to the team, get the whole story, and let the team decide whether there is cause for concern, and if so, how to fix it.
you cannot know or assume root causes from the numbers, but these metrics give you insight into where your essential processes need attention. a high open rate and a low close rate across a few iterations, for example, may mean that the production issues are currently a lower priority than new features, or perhaps that the team is focused on reducing technical debt to fix entire classes of issues, or that the only person who knew how to fix them quit, or something else. you cannot know or assume root causes from the numbers.
production analytics
mean time between failures (mtbf)
mean time to recover/repair (mttr)
both are overall measures of your software system’s performance in its current production environment.
application crash rate—how many times an application fails divided by how many times it was used. this metric is related to mtbf and mttr.
note that none of these three metrics tells you about individual features or users affected. still, the smaller the numbers, the better. modern operations-monitoring software makes gathering detailed metrics on individual programs and transactions fairly easy, but it takes time and careful thought to set up proper ranges for alerts and/or triggers for scaling up or down (for cloud-based systems).
we would like our software to never fail, but that’s statistically improbable. when our software does fail, we would like it to never lose any critical data and recover instantly, but that can be extraordinarily difficult to achieve. if your software is your source of revenue, however, the effort is worthwhile.
beyond mtbf and mttr, more fine-grained measurements are based on individual transactions, applications, and so on, and they reflect the business value delivered and the cost of remediating failures. if your transaction-processing application crashes one time in a hundred but recovers in a second or two and doesn’t lose any critical information, that 1 percent crash rate may be good enough. but if each crash is of an app that runs 100,000 transactions a day, loses a $100 sale, and costs $50 to remediate on the back end, that 1 percent crash rate is going to be a priority. fixing it will impact the bottom line significantly.
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security metrics
security is an aspect of software quality that is often overlooked until later (or too late). security analysis tools can be used in the build process, in addition to more specialized evaluations and stress tests. security requirements are often simple and common-sensical, but the software development team needs to be mindful of them, and of the metrics derived from them.
the full range of security practices and related metrics is beyond the scope of this article, but as with agile process metrics and production metrics, there are a few specific metrics that can mean a great deal to your customers’ overall satisfaction.
endpoint incidents —how many endpoints (mobile devices, workstations, etc.) have experienced a virus infection over a given period of time?
mttr (mean time to repair)—in security metrics, this is the time between discovery of a security breach and a deployed, working remedy. as with the production mttr metric noted above, the security mttr should be tracked over specific time intervals. if the mttr value grows smaller over time, then developers are becoming more effective in understanding security issues such as bugs and how to fix them.
for both these metrics, smaller numbers over time mean you’re moving in the right direction. fewer endpoint incidents speaks for itself. as the mttr value grows smaller, developers are becoming more effective in understanding security issues such as bugs and how to fix them.
you can find more ways to apply security metrics to software development in the articles application security for agile projects and security threat models: an agile introduction.
a note on source-code metrics
today it is easy to plug a source-code scanner into your build pipeline and produce reams of objective metrics. there are empirical averages and suggested ranges and logical arguments about the relative importance of these metrics. but in practice, these tools are most helpful in enforcing coding styles, flagging certain anti-patterns, and identifying outliers and trends.
it’s just not worth getting hung up on the numbers. here’s an example, by way of explanation.
suppose you find a method in a class with a ridiculous metric, such as an npath complexity of 52 million. that means that it would take 52 million test cases to fully exercise every path through the code. you could refactor the code into a simpler structure, but before you do that, consider what the business impact would be. chances are, the old, ugly code works well enough (though its test coverage may be inadequate). calling out the anti-pattern to the team so they can avoid repeating it is valuable learning, but fixing it probably wouldn’t move the needle on any relevant business metric.
it’s best if the team agrees to the level of compliance and rules to which their code is subjected, but be aware that examining outliers and getting concerned about trend blips can waste a lot of time.
then put it all together: success is the ultimate metric
the joy of using automated tools for tracking and measuring quality metrics and user analytics is that it frees up time to focus on the metrics that really matter: success metrics.
how to use metrics for success
businesses have goals. goals imply questions, such as “what does success look like?” or “how will this affect customer behavior?” properly quantified questions imply metrics.
put another way, metrics should only be used to answer questions, to test hypotheses that support a specific business goal. and this should be done only as long as the questions and answers help drive positive changes.
now, don’t all projects in general have some set of invariant goals, questions, and hypotheses, and thus metrics?
yes, but only from the point of view of the business. business-level measures of things such as user engagement, close rates, revenue generation, and so on provide feedback on how the business is doing in the real world. changes to software that affect the business will also affect these kinds of metrics.
at a finer level of resolution, every feature and user story may have its own success metric—preferably just one, and one that is directly related to a measure of value delivered to the customer. completing nine out of ten stories in a sprint for features that are never delivered is waste, not success. delivering stories that customers don't want or use is waste, not success. delivering a story that improves some aspect of user happiness is a success. delivering a story that demonstrably does not improve user engagement is also a success, because you will have learned something that didn’t work, invalidated a business hypothesis, and freed up resources to pursue other avenues.
how to formulate a value hypothesis
a value hypothesis is a statement about what you think will happen as a result of the delivery of a specific feature. the relationship between the software, the desired outcome, and the metrics forms the value hypothesis for the feature (or system, or story, or upgrade, etc.). the hypothesis should express how the targeted metric is expected to change, over what time frame, and by how much to be considered effective. you will have to talk to the team and product owner, at minimum, to figure out the specific thing this feature or story is intended to create or improve with respect to the business in order to formulate its value hypothesis. you may have to ask “why” a few times (like a three-year-old) to peel back the layers of unstated assumptions; be patient. when you understand what the business value is supposed to be, you can begin asking the questions that will lead you to the metrics that answer the question.
for example, a “technical” story to improve the speed of an e-commerce checkout process may have as its underlying assumption that a faster checkout will lead to more sales. but why do we think that? are a lot of people abandoning their shopping carts during the checkout process? if that is the consensus (because that consensus is backed by baseline data), then the value hypothesis may be “we believe that a faster checkout process will result in decreased cart-abandonment rates, leading to higher sales and improved user experience.”
you can probably assume that users will like speedier checkout, but it doesn’t hurt to ask if they’ve noticed. cart-abandonment rates and sales can be measured before and after the new process is in place, for a period of time. if the cart-abandonment rate drops and sales increase (beyond statistical fluctuations), the evidence supports the hypothesis and you might consider whether even further speed improvements are warranted. if they’re not, let this metric fade into the background (or remove it, if it’s distracting), and turn your attention to the next hypothesis. if the cart-abandonment rate decreases but sales are unchanged, measure for a longer period of time or rethink the assumed link between cart-abandonment and sales. in other words, use metrics to learn, and only as long as they prove useful for driving improvements.
in some cases, the hypothesis may be clearly wrong, so we drop the metrics (and undo the software changes!) after a few days. in other cases, the hypothesis may be correct, so we continue to drive improvements in this area for years.
six heuristics for effective use of metrics
we have seen how subjective software metrics matter far more for business success than the traditional, objective quality metrics of old. the effort required to find and measure relevant business metrics for features is outweighed by the insights and learning opportunities gained. business conditions and opportunities change constantly, so rather than summarize a formula to follow, which may be fragile, here are six rules of thumb, or heuristics, to help maintain focus and flexibility. may they help guide you on your journey to quality software and business success!
metrics cannot tell you the story; only the team can do that (with a hat tip to todd decapula ). comparing snowflakes is waste. you can measure almost anything, but you can't pay attention to everything. business success metrics drive software improvements, not the other way round. every feature adds value; either measure it or don't do it. measure only what matters now.
image credit: flickr
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lɑ trnidad*, ˈbɛŋgət ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz steɪt əv ðə ˈprɑvɪns ˈæˌdrɛs (sopa*) ɔn ˈɔgəst 15 æt ðə prəˈvɪnʃəl ˈkæpɪtəl, ˈbɛŋgət ˈgəvərnər rɪˈmɑrkt ðət ðə ˌligələˈzeɪʃən əv ðə juz əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə, ənd ðə ˌkɑnˈkɑmətənt ˌligələˈzeɪʃən ðə ˌkəltɪˈveɪʃən əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə plænts (ˈkænəbəs sativa*), wɪl ˈʃʊrli bust ðə ˈloʊkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd kənˈfər ˈbɛnəfɪt əˈspɛʃəli tɪ ðoʊz hu noʊ haʊ tɪ ˈkəltəˌveɪt ɪt. ðɪs wɑz hɪz riˈækʃən ɔn rɪˈpɔrts ðət haʊs bɪl 180 ər ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈfɪləˌpin kəmˈpæʃənət ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈkænəbəs ækt, wɑz ˈfeɪvərd baɪ əˈpɛrəntli ˈpɑzətɪv rɪˈspɑns frəm səm ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz. əbˈzərvd ðət ðɛr ər ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈrisərʧ ˈstədiz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪŋ ðət ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə, əˈspɛʃəli ɔɪl ɛkˈstræktɪd frəm ðə livz, kən brɪŋ ˈvɛriəs ˈbɛnəfɪts tɪ ˈpipəl hu ər ˈtərmənəli ɪl, səʧ ɛz ðoʊz hu ər cancer-stricken*. sɛd ðə ˈprɑvɪns wɪl ˈsərtənli ˈwɛlkəm ðə ˌligələˈzeɪʃən əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə, ɛz wɪl bi əˈlaʊd tɪ plænt ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˈəndər əˈproʊpriˌeɪt strɪkt ˈmɑnətərɪŋ. hi sɛd ɪt wɪl bi ɔn ə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈbeɪsɪs fər ˌkəltɪˈveɪʃən ækˈnɑlɪʤɪŋ ðət ˈkænəbəs həz əˈdɪktɪv ˈprɑpərtiz, ənd kʊd bi proʊn tɪ əˈbjuz wɪn ɪts juz ɪz nɑt kənˈtroʊld. hi sɛd ðət, ɪf ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ɪz ˈligəˌlaɪzd fər ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈpərpəsɪz, ðɛr wɪl bi ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət ˌkəltɪˈveɪʃən wɪl ˈprɑspər ɪn ˈbɛŋgət, wɛr ðə ˈklaɪmɪt ənd ðə sɔɪl ər kənˈdusɪv fər ðə ˈpərpəs. fər naʊ, ðə ˈgəvərnər əˈnaʊnst, ðə prəˈvɪnʃəl ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈæktɪvli dɪˈstrɪbjutɪŋ kəˈkeɪoʊ sidz tɪ ɔl 13 mˌjunɪsəˈpælɪtiz ɪn hɪz ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən ɛz ə rɪˈpleɪsmənt krɑp ɪn ˈɛriəz wəns juzd ɛz ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˌplænˈteɪʃənz. hi sɛd ðət ðə ˈprɑvɪns əv ˈbɛŋgət həz bɪn ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtəd ˈfeɪvərəbli fər kəˈkeɪoʊ pərˈdəkʃən: kən θraɪv ɪn haɪ ˌɛləˈveɪʃənz æt ən ˈæltəˌtud əp tɪ 900 ˈmitərz əˈbəv ðə si level.”*.” sɛd ðeɪ ər ˈeɪmɪŋ tɪ gɪt ə ʃɛr əv ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈjʊrəp, wɪʧ ər ˈhɛvi ˌɪmˈpɔrtərz əv kəˈkeɪoʊ fər prəˈdusɪŋ ˈʧɔklət. ðə pik ˈmɑrkɪt ˈsizən əv ˈprɑsɛst ˈʧɔkləts ɪz mənθ əv noʊˈvɛmbər, wɪn ɪz ˌθæŋksˈgɪvɪŋ ˈsizən ɪn ðə wɛst ənd ˈɛvəri wɛr ɪn ðə wərld, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈkrɪsməs ˈsizən ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ mənθ.
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la trnidad, benguet – during his state of the province address (sopa) on august 15 at the provincial capitol, benguet governor crescencio pacalso remarked that the legalization of the use of marijuana, and the concomitant legalization the cultivation of marijuana plants (cannabis sativa), will surely boost the local economy and confer benefit especially to those who know how to cultivate it.
this was his reaction on reports that house bill n0. 180, or the proposed philippine compassionate medical cannabis act, was favored by apparently positive response from some members of the house of representatives.
pacalso observed that there are medical research studies indicating that marijuana, especially oil extracted from the leaves, can bring various benefits to people who are terminally ill, such as those who are cancer-stricken.
pacalso said the province will certainly welcome the legalization of marijuana, as cultivators will be allowed to plant marijuana under appropriate strict monitoring.
he said it will be on a limited basis for cultivation acknowledging that cannabis has addictive properties, and could be prone to abuse when its use is not controlled.
he said that, if marijuana is legalized for medical purposes, there will be the possibility that cultivation will prosper in benguet, where the climate and the soil are conducive for the purpose.
for now, the governor announced, the provincial government is actively distributing cacao seeds to all 13 municipalities in his jurisdiction as a replacement crop in areas once used as marijuana plantations.
he said that the province of benguet has been evaluated favorably for cacao production: “cacao can thrive in high elevations at an altitude up to 900 meters above the sea level.”
pacalso said they are aiming to get a share of the market in the united states and europe, which are heavy importers of cacao for producing chocolate. the peak market season of processed chocolates is month of november, when is thanksgiving season in the west and every where in the world, followed by christmas season the following month.
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ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm ɔn ˈælkəˌhɑl ənd hɛlθ ˈfoʊldər pdf*, goʊ tɪ ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsɪstəm ɔn ˈælkəˌhɑl ənd hɛlθ (gisah*) prəˈvaɪdz ˈizi ənd ˈræpɪd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv hɛlθ ˈɪndəˌkeɪtərz. ɪt ɪz ən ɛˈsɛnʃəl tul fər əˈsɛsɪŋ ənd ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə hɛlθ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ənd trɛnz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈælkəˌhɑl kənˈsəmʃən, hɑrm, ənd ˈpɑləsi rɪˈspɑnsɪz ɪn ˈkəntriz. ðɪs wɛb saɪt kənˈteɪnz ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən pərˈteɪnɪŋ tɪ ˈsəbstəns juz ənd əˈbjuz, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə wərld hɛlθ ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz ˈprɑʤɛkts ənd ækˈtɪvɪtiz ɪn ðə ˈɛriəz əv ˈsəbstəns juz ənd ˈsəbstəns dɪˈpɛndəns. hu ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈeɪʤənsi ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ɔl ˈsəbstənsɪz, rəˈgɑrdləs əv ðɛr ˈligəl ˈstætəs. ˈmænˌdeɪt ɪn ðə ˈɛriə əv ˈsəbstəns juz ˌɪnˈkludz: priˈvɛnʃən ənd rɪˈdəkʃən əv ðə ˈnɛgətɪv hɛlθ ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv ˈsəbstəns juz; rɪˈdəkʃən əv ðə dɪˈmænd fər juz əv ˈsəbstənsɪz; əˈsɛsmənt əv ˈsəbstənsɪz soʊ ɛz tɪ ədˈvaɪz ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz wɪθ rɪˈgɑrd tɪ ðɛr ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri kənˈtroʊl. sɪns ɪts ˈfaʊndɪŋ ɪn 1948 hu həz pleɪd ə ˈlidɪŋ roʊl ɪn səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈkəntriz tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ənd rɪˈdus ðə ˈprɑbləmz du tɪ ˈsəbstəns juz, ənd ɪn ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪŋ wɪʧ ˈsəbstənsɪz ʃʊd bi ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪd. ɪn 2000 ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈsəbstəns əˈbjuz wɑz mərʤd wɪθ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ tɪ fɔrm ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ ənd ˈsəbstəns əˈbjuz, rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ðə ˈmɛni ˈkɑmən əˈproʊʧɪz əv ˈmænɪʤmənt əv ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ ənd ˈsəbstəns juz dɪˈsɔrdərz.
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the global information system on alcohol and health gisah folder
pdf, 106kb
go to gisah the global information system on alcohol and health (gisah) provides easy and rapid access to a wide range of alcohol-related health indicators. it is an essential tool for assessing and monitoring the health situation and trends related to alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harm, and policy responses in countries.
this web site contains information pertaining to psychoactive substance use and abuse, and also information about the world health organization's projects and activities in the areas of substance use and substance dependence.
who is the only agency dealing with all psychoactive substances, regardless of their legal status. who’s mandate in the area of psychoactive substance use includes:
prevention and reduction of the negative health and social consequences of psychoactive substance use;
reduction of the demand for non-medical use of psychoactive substances;
assessment of psychoactive substances so as to advise the united nations with regard to their regulatory control.
since its founding in 1948, who has played a leading role in supporting countries to prevent and reduce the problems due to psychoactive substance use, and in recommending which psychoactive substances should be regulated. in 2000, the department of substance abuse was merged with the department of mental health to form the department of mental health and substance abuse, reflecting the many common approaches of management of mental health and substance use disorders.
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roʊv ɪˈlɛktərəl priˈdɪkʃən ˈfeɪvərz ˌoʊˈbɑmə wɪn ˈdeɪvɪd ˈɛdwərdz ənd nɪk ˌʤuliˈɑnoʊ ˈpəblɪʃt: ˈmənˌdeɪ noʊˈvɛmbər 3 2008 prɪnt ðɪs iˈmeɪl ðɪs ʤɑn məˈkeɪnz ɪˈlɛkʃən deɪ ˈprɑspɛkts ər soʊ bæd ðət ˈivɪn kɑrl roʊv ˈdəzənt si məʧ ʧæns ðət hi wɪnz. roʊv əˈpɪrd ɔn fɑks nuz ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ tɪ ʃɛr hɪz deɪ priˈdɪkʃənz. hɪz ˈmɑdəl ʃoʊd ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈteɪkɪŋ æt list 310 ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈkɑlɪʤ voʊts ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, fɑr mɔr ðən hi nidz fər ˈvɪktəri. "ɪf məˈkeɪn hoʊps tɪ wɪn, hi həz tɪ wɪn ɔl əv ðə [toss-up*] steɪts ðɛn ðæts nɑt ɪˈnəf," roʊv sɛd. "hi həz tɪ du səm takeaway*, ənd ðə tu ˈbɪgəst ər oʊˈhaɪoʊ ənd vərˈʤɪnjə ənd ɪf hi dɪz ðət hi wɪnz ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən." ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈkərəntli lidz ɪn poʊlz ɪn boʊθ ðoʊz steɪts. kənˈfrəntɪd wɪθ ðə stɑrk nuz ðət hɪz ˈfeɪvərd ˈkænədɪt həz ˈvərʧuəli noʊ ʧæns tɪ wɪn, fɑks frɛndz hoʊst stiv pʊld ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈæŋkər ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv ˈstɪkɪŋ hɪz ˈfɪŋgərz ɪn hɪz ɪrz ənd ˈsɪŋɪŋ, aɪ kænt hir ju." ˈɛvər ðə rɪˈlaɪəbəl kənˈsərvətɪv hæk, tərnz ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈleɪtəst ɪnˈtaɪərli fɔls əˈtæk əˈgɛnst ˌoʊˈbɑmə ðət hɪz səˈpɔrt fər klin koʊl tɛkˈnɑləʤi ənd ə kæp treɪd ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ ˈmɑdərˌeɪt ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz ɪz eɪmd æt "ˈbæŋˌkrəptɪŋ" ðə ˈɪndəstri. məˈkeɪn səˈpɔrts ˈvərʧuəli ðə seɪm əˈproʊʧ tɪ ˈmɑdərˌeɪtɪŋ pəˈluʃən frəm paʊər plænz. ˈnoʊtɪd ðət tu ki swɪŋ steɪts, oʊˈhaɪoʊ ənd vərˈʤɪnjə, hæv səbˈstænʃəl koʊl ˈɪndəstriz, əˈpɛrəntli ˈhoʊpɪŋ əˈgɛnst hoʊp ðət ðə əˈtæk biɪŋ pʊʃt baɪ ðə məˈkeɪn kæmˈpeɪn ənd rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈnæʃənəl kəˈmɪti wɪθ ən əˈsɪst frəm fɑks, ðə drəʤ rɪˈpɔrt ənd blɔgz wʊd səm haʊ kæʧ ɔn ɪn ðə læst 24 aʊərz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈvoʊtərz hɛd tɪ ðə poʊlz. ðɪs ˈvɪdioʊ ɪz frəm ˈfɑksəz fɑks frɛndz, ˈbrɔdˌkæst noʊˈvɛmbər 3 2008 ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ˈvɪdioʊ ˈviə
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rove electoral prediction favors obama win david edwards and nick juliano
published: monday november 3, 2008
print this email this john mccain's election day prospects are so bad that even karl rove doesn't see much chance that he wins.
rove appeared on fox news monday morning to share his pre-election day predictions. his state-by-state model showed barack obama taking at least 310 electoral college votes on tuesday, far more than he needs for victory.
"if mccain hopes to win, he has to win all of the [toss-up] states ... then that's not enough," rove said. "he has to do some takeaway, and the two biggest takeaways are ohio and virginia and if he does that he wins the election."
obama currently leads in polls in both those states.
confronted with the stark news that his favored candidate has virtually no chance to win, fox & friends host steve doocy pulled the morning anchor equivalent of sticking his fingers in his ears and singing, "la-la-la-la i can't hear you."
ever the reliable conservative hack, doocy turns the conversation to the latest entirely false gop attack against obama -- that his support for clean coal technology and a cap & trade program to moderate carbon emissions is aimed at "bankrupting" the industry. mccain supports virtually the same approach to moderating pollution from coal-fired power plans.
doocy noted that two key swing states, ohio and virginia, have substantial coal industries, apparently hoping against hope that the attack being pushed by the mccain campaign and republican national committee with an assist from fox, the drudge report and right-wing blogs would some how catch on in the last 24 hours before voters head to the polls.
this video is from fox's fox & friends, broadcast november 3, 2008.
download video via rawreplay.com
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““i* θɔt əv ðə ˈtaɪgər ˌtæˈtu ðət ˈflɔntɪd ɪts pɔz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈfɔˌrɑrmz əv brɑnz stil ˈməsəlz ðət ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪtɪd laɪnz tɪ ðə sɪks jɪr oʊld ˌɪnˈstɛd əv kənˈtɔrtəd ˈrɪvərz," rɪˈkɑrdoʊ rɛd. ˈtaɪgər ˌtæˈtu hu bɪˈlɔŋd tɪ ðə ˈsəðərn ˈrəgəd fildz əv ˈsəðərn ˈrəgəd mɛn ðət rɔrd ɛz ə dɪˈstrækʃən æt ðə ˈfæməli ˈdaɪnɪŋ ˈteɪbəl ɛz ðə ˈsɛvən jɪr oʊld spɪld ðə raɪs ənd binz ɪn ðə mɪst əv ædˈmaɪrɪŋ ðə ˈeɪnʧənt artwork.”*.” ˈoʊklənd meɪər ˈlɪˌbi ʃɑf pərˈzɛnəd rɪˈkɑrdoʊ wɪθ ə ˈskɑlərˌʃɪp ʧɛk fər həz bɪn ðə wən θɪŋ ðət həz kɛpt mi seɪn ɔn ðɪs ˈkreɪzi ˈkreɪzi planet,”*,” rɪˈkɑrdoʊ, ðə ˈwɪnɪŋ poʊət, sɛd ɪn ə brif əkˈsɛptəns spiʧ. aɪ ʤɪst wɔnt ˈjuˈɛs, ðə juθ, tɪ ʤɪst ʧeɪnʤ ðɪs wərld, tɪ goʊ aʊt ðɛr ənd faɪt ðɪs ˈkreɪzi, ˈkreɪzi ˈsɪstəm traɪɪŋ tɪ nɑk ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs daʊn ənd ʤɪst spik ɑr truθ, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ goʊɪŋ tɪ seɪv ˈjuˈɛs. goʊɪŋ tɪ seɪv us.”*.” ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈtiʧər, ˈpitər ˈheɪgən, wɑz æt ðə ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni. ˈheɪgən sɛd rɪˈkɑrdoʊ hæd ˈoʊnli ˈteɪkən hɪz klæs wəns ˌbiˈfɔr bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈərnɪŋ ðə ˈtaɪtəl. "ʃi ʤɪst rɪpt ðə dɔrz off,”*,” ˈheɪgən sɛd. ˈəðər juθ poʊəts pərˈfɔrmd ðɛr wərks əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd rɪˈkɑrdoʊ. 18 jɪr oʊld ˈɛmərsən ɑˈmɑjə, ə ˈstudənt æt ˌkɑləˈsiəm ˈkɑlɪʤ prɛp əˈkædəmi, rɛd ə poʊəm ðət hi dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz biɪŋ əˈbaʊt "ðə blæk braʊn ˈjunɪti ðət ˈoʊklənd ˈrɪli needs.”*.” moʊst ˈpaʊərfəl θɪŋ ɪz wɪn wi hæv jəŋ foʊks təˈgɛðər ˈʃɛrɪŋ speɪs ənd ˈtɛlɪŋ stories,”*,” juθ spiks ˈtiʧɪŋ ˈɑrtɪst ˈgeɪbriəl kɔrˈtɛz sɛd. kɔrˈtɛz hu ðə ˈrɛdɪŋ. rɪˈkɑrdoʊ teɪks ˈoʊvər juθ poʊət ˈlɔriət ˈdutiz frəm ðə 2014 ˈlɔriət ˈsoʊfi ɪlˈkɪn, ə ˈstudənt æt ˈoʊklənd skul fər ðə ɑrts.
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“i thought of the tiger tattoo that flaunted its paws across the forearms of bronze steel muscles that replicated scribbly lines to the six year old instead of contorted rivers," ricardo read. “the tiger tattoo who belonged to the southern rugged fields of southern rugged men that roared as a distraction at the family dining table as the seven year old spilled the rice and beans in the midst of admiring the ancient artwork.”
oakland mayor libby schaaf presented ricardo with a scholarship check for $5,000.
“poetry has been the one thing that has kept me sane on this crazy crazy planet,” ricardo, the winning poet, said in a brief acceptance speech. “and i just want us, the youth, to just change this world, to go out there and fight this crazy, crazy system that’s trying to knock all of us down and just speak our truth, because that’s the only thing that’s going to save us. we’re going to save us.”
ricardo’s writing teacher, peter hagen, was at the ceremony. hagen said ricardo had only taken his class once before becoming earning the title. "she just ripped the doors off,” hagen said.
other youth poets performed their works alongside ricardo. 18 year old emerson amaya, a student at coliseum college prep academy, read a poem that he described as being about "the black brown unity that oakland really needs.”
“the most powerful thing is when we have young folks together sharing space and telling stories,” youth speaks teaching artist gabriel cortez said. cortez who emceed the reading.
ricardo takes over youth poet laureate duties from the 2014 laureate sophie elkin, a student at oakland school for the arts.
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oʊ tu sɛd ðə ˈmitɪŋ, wɪʧ wɑz kɔld ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ, əˈpɪrd tɪ bi ə "ˈrəbər stæmp" fər ðə ˈgəvərnmənts riˈtɛnʃən plænz. kəˈmɪʃənər ˈændru ˈkoʊlvɪn, kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈmɪnɪstər ˈmælkəm ˈtərnˌbʊl, ʤɔrʤ ˈbrændɪs ənd əv sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈdəŋkən luɪs ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈmidiə. ɪn ə səˈpraɪz muv, ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt əˈnaʊnst ðə nu ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. ɪt wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈkəmpəˌniz tɪ stɔr ˈkəstəmərz' ˈtɛləˌfoʊn ənd iˈmeɪl ˈrɛkərdz fər tu jɪrz ˈəndər nu ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən. ðə bɪl wʊd əˈlaʊ lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənsiz tɪ ˈækˌsɛs tu jɪrz' wərθ əv ˈkəstəmər" wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈwɔrənt. ðə bɪl dɪz nɑt ɪkˈspleɪn ɪgˈzæktli wət ˈkɑnstəˌtuts, bət ɪt wɪl nɑt ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈkɑntɛnt əv kɔlz ər iˈmeɪlz, wɛb ˈbraʊzɪŋ ˈhɪstəri ər ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈæˈdrɛsɪz (urls*). wən sɛd ðɛr əˈpɪrd tɪ bi θri ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ˈɪʃuz tɪ riˈzɑlv: ðə kɔst ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn telcos*, ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv ənd wət ˈhæpənz tɪ ˈæftər ɪt hæd bɪn stɔrd tu jɪrz. əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ʤɔrʤ əˈtɛmpt tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn waɪl prəˈpoʊzɪŋ ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr wɑz dɪˈskraɪbd æt ðə taɪm ɛz ə "kɑr kræʃ ˈɪntərvˌju". ˈəðər kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt ˈlɪmətɪŋ ðə ˈeɪʤənsiz ðət hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə ˈdætə hæd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, bɪn əˈdrɛst, ðə sɛd. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈmitɪŋ, ɪt ɪz ˌəndərˈstʊd ðət ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈsɛnətər ˈkɔˌri bərˈnɑrdi ənd ʤɔrʤ ˈkrɪstənsən flægd kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt ðə bɪl. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə səbˈmɪʃən, wɪʧ ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ brif ɔn ðə ˈditeɪlz əv ðə bɪl, ɪz ˈsɛntrəl tɪ ˈvərʧuəli ˈɛvəri ˈkaʊntərˌtɛrərˌɪzəm, kraɪm, ənd ˈsaɪbər sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən". ðə fækt ðət ər nɑt ˈkərəntli əˈblaɪʤd tɪ rɪˈteɪn minz ðət "lɛs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz biɪŋ rɪˈteɪnd fər ˈʃɔrtər ˈpɪriədz əv taɪm. ðɪs ɪz ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ənd ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz", ðə ˈbrifɪŋ noʊt sɪz. ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ðə kæmˈpeɪn əˈgɛnst ðə lɔz, ðə səbˈmɪʃən noʊts "ðɛr ɪz ə strɔŋ ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd ðət əˈpoʊnənts wɪl rɪˈfər tɪ ðə rəˈʒim ɛz ən 'ˈɪntərˌnɛt tæks' ðət wɪl bi pæst ɔn tɪ kənˈsumərz. ðɪs ɪz nɑt ən ˈɪntərˌnɛt tæks." "ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɪl kənˈsəlt ˈkloʊsli wɪθ ˈɪndəstri tɪ dɪˈtərmən haʊ tɪ ˈmænɪʤ əˈdɪʃənəl kəmˈplaɪəns kɔsts. kɔsts ʃʊd ˈɔlsoʊ nɑt bi ðə ˈrizən ðət ðə ˈseɪfti əv ɔˈstreɪljənz ɪz ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd," ɪt noʊts. ənd ðə səbˈmɪʃən dɪz ədˈmɪt ðə bɪl ɪz "ˈsaɪlənt ɔn kɔst" ənd ðət "ðɛr wɪl bi səm kɔst ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz ʃʊd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əˈgri tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə kɔst əv ˈdætə riˈtɛnʃən". ˈloʊdɪŋ ðə ˈbrifɪŋ ˈpeɪpər ˈɔlsoʊ ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪts ənd ˈɑrgjəmənts ðət ˈdætə riˈtɛnʃən ˈkɑnstəˌtuts ən ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv ˈpraɪvəsi, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðə skim wɪl nɑt prəˈvaɪd ˈeɪʤənsiz wɪθ nu paʊərz ənd sɪz ɪt ɪz nɑt tru ðə ˈdætə riˈtɛnʃən rəˈʒim wɪl əˈlaʊ ˈeɪʤənsiz tɪ ˈækˌsɛs wɛb ˈbraʊzɪŋ ˈhɪstəri. ˈfɑloʊ ˈjuˈɛs ɔn tˈwɪtər
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o two mps said the meeting, which was called on wednesday evening, appeared to be a "rubber stamp" for the government's metadata retention plans. afp commissioner andrew colvin, communications minister malcolm turnbull, george brandis and director-general of security duncan lewis address the media. credit:alex ellinghausen in a surprise move, the federal government announced the new legislation on thursday. it would require telecommunications companies to store customers' telephone and email records for two years under new legislation. the bill would allow law enforcement agencies toess two years' worth of customer "metadata" without a warrant.
the bill does not explain exactly what constitutes metadata, but it will not include the content of calls or emails, web browsing history or website addresses (urls). one mp said there appeared to be three outstanding issues to resolve: the cost impact on telcos, the definition of metadata and what happens to metadata after it had been stored two years. attorney general george brandis's attempt to explain metadata while proposing the changes earlier this year was described at the time as a "car crash interview". other concerns about limiting the agencies that haveess to the data had, however, been addressed, the mp said. during the meeting, it is understood that liberal senator cory bernardi and mp george christensen flagged concerns about the bill.
according to the submission, which is designed to brief mps on the details of the bill, "metadata is central to virtually every counterterrorism, organised crime, counter-espionage and cyber security investigation". the fact that are not currently obliged to retain metadata means that "less information is being retained for shorter periods of time. this is having a critical impact on law enforcement and national security capabilities", the briefing note says. anticipating the campaign against the laws, the submission notes "there is a strong likelihood that opponents will refer to the regime as an 'internet tax' that will be passed on to consumers. this is not an internet tax." "the government will consult closely with industry to determine how to manage additional compliance costs. costs should also not be the reason that the safety of australians is compromised," it notes. and the submission does admit the bill is "silent on cost" and that "there will be some cost implications should the government agree to contribute to the cost of data retention".
loading the briefing paper also anticipates and rebuts arguments that data retention constitutes an invasion of privacy, arguing the scheme will not provide agencies with new powers and says it is not true the data retention regime will allow agencies toess web browsing history. follow us on twitter
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ˈæftər ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt ˈteɪbəld nu ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən tɪ əˈlaʊ ðə ˈblɑkɪŋ əv saɪts fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪŋ ˈpaɪrəsi, ˈligəl ənd ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈɛkspərts hæv reɪzd kənˈsərnz ðət prəˈvaɪdərz kʊd bi swɛpt əp ɪn ðə nɛt. ðə ˌɪntrəˈdust ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən tɪ ˈpɑrləmɛnt ɪn mɑrʧ wɪʧ, ɪf pæst, wʊd əˈlaʊ raɪts ˈhoʊldərz ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə tɪ sik ə ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt ˌɪnˈʤəŋʃən tɪ blɑk ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈwɛbˌsaɪts ðət "fəˈsɪləˌteɪt" ˈpaɪrəsi. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt əˈmɛndmənt (ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt) bɪl, ðə wʊd bi rikˈwaɪərd tɪ teɪk "ˈrizənəbəl stɛps" tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈækˌsɛs fər ɔl ɔˈstreɪljənz ɪf ən ˈɔnˌlaɪn saɪt wɑz faʊnd tɪ "ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤ, ər fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ən ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt əv, ˈkɑpiˌraɪt," wɪθ ðɪs biɪŋ ðə "ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈpərpəs" əv ðə saɪt ɪn kˈwɛʃən. waɪl ðə bɪl əˈludz tɪ ˈtɔrənt dɪˈrɛktəriz səʧ ɛz ðə ˈpaɪrət beɪ, ðɛr ər kənˈsərnz ðət ˈsərvɪsɪz kʊd bi kɔt ɪn ðə ˈkrɔsˌfaɪr. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈnɪkɔləs, ˈsinjər ˈlɛkʧərər æt ðə skul əv lɔ, ɔˈstreɪljəz ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈlænˌskeɪp "ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈprɪti ˈhɑstəl təˈwɔrdz ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈsərvɪs prəˈvaɪdərz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ðoʊz ðət ˈɑrənt" ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz ðət ər sin tɪ bi ˈdɑʤɪŋ kʊd bi ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˌɪnˈʤəŋʃənz sɔt baɪ raɪts ˈhoʊldərz. prəˈvaɪdərz soʊ fɑr ˈhævənt sin tu məʧ ˈtrəbəl, bət ðoʊz ðət maɪt bi 'praɪˈmɛrəli' dɪˈrɛktɪd tɪ 'fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪŋ' ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt wʊd ˈsərtənli hæv səm ˈrizən tɪ bi kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðiz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz," hi sɛd. waɪl hi ˈɑrgjud ðət lɔz ˈwʊdənt bi ˈlaɪkli tɪ hæv məʧ ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ə "ˈʤɛnərəl ˈpərpəs," səm ˈsərvɪsɪz kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli bi sin tɪ fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ˈpaɪrəsi ˈəndər ðə tərmz ɪn ðə bɪl. ðət maɪt bi 'praɪˈmɛrəli' dɪˈrɛktɪd tɪ 'fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪŋ' ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt wʊd ˈsərtənli hæv səm ˈrizən tɪ bi kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðiz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ˈnɪkɔləs ˈsinjər ˈlɛkʧərər, skul əv lɔ "ðə ˈkætəˌgɔri wɪr ˈrɪli ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt hir ər ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn ə greɪ ˈɛriə, laɪk ənd getflix.com.au*, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, hu hɛlp ˈpipəl ˌsərkəmˈvɛnt," hi sɛd. "ðeɪ ˈprɑbəˌbli doʊnt fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, bət ðɛrz ə gʊd ʧæns ðət ðeɪ kʊd gɪt kɔt əp ɪn ðə prəˈpoʊzd rulz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ maɪt bi fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪŋ ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt ðət ˈhæpənz ˈoʊvər ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs. "ðɪs prəˈpoʊzəl simz tɪ mi tɪ nɑt ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈkris kɔsts fər, bət ɪt ˌɪntrəˈdusɪz ə hoʊl nu ənd ˌəndɪˈfaɪnd ˈɛriə əv rɪsk ðət ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈsərvɪs prəˈvaɪdərz wɪl hæv tɪ weɪ əp. ˈgɪvɪn ðət ɔˈstreɪljəz ɔˈrɛdi ˈprɪti ˈhɑstəl tɪ klaʊd ˈsərvɪsɪz ˌɛtˈsɛtərə, ðɪs ˈɪzənt ə greɪt muv ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli sɪns ɪt simz tɪ kəm wɪθ ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl ˈpəblɪk ˈbɛnəfɪt." ˈsɪmələrli, ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈdɪʤɪtəl əˈlaɪəns həz reɪzd kənˈsərnz ðət ðə "ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈpərpəs" tɛst ˈrɪtən ˈɪntu ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ɪz nu, ənd læks ˈklɛrɪti. "ɪts ənˈklɪr haʊ ˈmɛni taɪp əv saɪts wʊd bi kɔt. ənd klaʊd ˈstɔrɪʤ prəˈvaɪdərz wʊd bi əˈməŋst ə ˈnəmbər əv saɪts ðət kʊd bi blɑkt," ðə ˈeɪdə sɛd. "waɪl ðə ɪkˈsplænəˌtɔri ˌmɛmərˈændəm [tɪ ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt bɪl] ɪz klɪr ðət ðɪs ɪz nɑt mɛnt tɪ bi juzd tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs (e.g*. tɪ dɪˈrɛkli blɑk ˈjuˈɛs ˈaɪˌtunz stɔr ər ˈjuˈɛs netflix*) ðɛr ɪz ə ˈrizənəbəl ʧæns ðət ə meɪ bi kənˈsɪdərd tɪ bi 'fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪŋ' ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt əv ˈkɑpiˌraɪt, əˈspɛʃəli fər saɪts ðət ˈiðər ˈædvərˌtaɪz ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz weɪz tɪ əbˈteɪn ˈkɑntɛnt frəm saɪts ər wɪθ ə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈjuzərz ðət du soʊ." ðɛr ɪz ə ˈrizənəbəl ʧæns ðət ə meɪ bi kənˈsɪdərd tɪ bi 'fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪŋ' ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt əv ˈkɑpiˌraɪt, əˈspɛʃəli fər saɪts ðət ˈiðər ˈædvərˌtaɪz ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz weɪz tɪ əbˈteɪn ˈkɑntɛnt frəm saɪts ər wɪθ ə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈjuzərz ðət du soʊ. ɔˈstreɪljən ˈdɪʤɪtəl əˈlaɪəns waɪl kən bi juzd ɛz ə ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈsərvɪs fər ˈpraɪvəsi- ənd ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈjuzərz, ðə ˈeɪdə ˈɑrgjuz ðət ˈsərvɪs prəˈvaɪdərz ðət prəˈmoʊt ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˌsərkəmˈvɛnt ənd ˈækˌsɛs riˈstrɪktɪd ˈkɑntɛnt kʊd bi ɪn ðə ˈfaɪərrɪŋ laɪn. ˈsɪmələrli, ənd faɪl ˈhoʊstɪŋ ˈsərvɪsɪz ðət əˈlaʊ ˈjuzərz tɪ hoʊst ˈmæsɪz əv ˈkɑntɛnt kʊd feɪs ˈgreɪtər ˈskrutəni ˈəndər ðə nu ɔˈstreɪljən ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən. ðɛr ɪz ə strɔŋ keɪs ɔˈrɛdi biɪŋ meɪd ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə ðət ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈjuzərz ˈjuzɪŋ tɪ strim ˈkɑntɛnt frəm ˈoʊvərˈsiz ər ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤɪŋ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt. ɪn ə ˈpeɪpər riˈlist ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri ðɪs jɪr ˈtaɪtəld "geo-blocking*, ənd ˈkɑpiˌraɪt", ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈkaʊnsəl ˈɑrgjud ðət ɔˈstreɪljənz hu juz tɪ strim ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ʃoʊz frəm ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts "ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈspɔɪlərz ər ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt" ər ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤɪŋ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt. "ɪf ˈsəmˌwən ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə ˈjuzɪz ə tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ə ˈkɑpi əv məˈtɪriəl frəm ən ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ənd ðeɪ du nɑt hæv pərˈmɪʃən frəm ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈoʊnər tɪ ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə məˈtɪriəl ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ən ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt əv ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə," ðə ˈɑrgjud. "ˈsɪmələrli, ɪf ˈsəmˌwən ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə ˈjuzɪz ə tɪ strim məˈtɪriəl frəm ən ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ənd ðeɪ du nɑt hæv pərˈmɪʃən tɪ strim ðə məˈtɪriəl ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə frəm ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈoʊnər, ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ən ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt əv ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə. ðɪs ɪz bɪˈkəz ˈstrimɪŋ ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈoʊnərz ɪkˈsklusɪv raɪt əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk." waɪl ðə ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt bɪl ˈjuzɪz tərmz səʧ ɛz 'ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈpərpəs' ənd 'fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪŋ ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt' ðiz ər ˈoʊpən tɪ ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən. "ðɛr ər ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈɔnˌlaɪn loʊˈkeɪʃənz ðət meɪ fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt, bət ˈɔlsoʊ sərv ˈəðər ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈpərpəsɪz," sɛd trɪʃ ˈhɛpwərθ, ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ædˈvaɪzər tɪ ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz ˈkɑpiˌraɪt kəˈmɪti. "saɪts ˈɔfərɪŋ meɪ fəˈsɪləˌteɪt ˌɪˈligəl ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪŋ ər hɛlp mæsk ðə aɪˈdɛntəˌti əv ˈpipəl wɪθ sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈpraɪvəsi kənˈsərnz. ˈwɛbˌsaɪts ðət kəˈleɪt ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤɪŋ məˈtɪriəl, səʧ ɛz wikileaks*, meɪ ˌnənðəˈlɛs sərv ləˈʤɪtəmət ˈpərpəsɪz." ˈəltəmətli, ðə kˈwɛsʧənz əv ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈpərpəs ənd fəˌsɪləˈteɪʃən əv ˈpaɪrəsi kʊd kəm daʊn tɪ dɪˈsɪʒənz meɪd ɪn ðə ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt. ɔˈstreɪljə ɪz nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli ˈkəntri tɪ brɪŋ ɪn ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ənd ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ðət spɛl ˈtrəbəl fər. ɔˈrɛdi, ðɛr hæv bɪn kənˈsərnz ðət prəˈvaɪdərz ɪn ˈkænədə meɪ liv ðət ˈkəntri ˈæftər ðə ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən əv ˈstrɪktər ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz əraʊnd ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤmənt ənd ˈpaɪrəsi ɪn ðət ˈkəntri. ˈkænədə ˌɪntrəˈdust ə "notice-on-notice*" skim æt ðə stɑrt əv ðə jɪr, rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈsərvɪs prəˈvaɪdərz tɪ ˈfɔrwərd ˈkɑpiˌraɪt ˈnoʊtɪsɪz tɪ ðɛr ˈkəstəmərz, ər feɪs əp tɪ ɪn faɪnz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, rɪˈpɔrts ðət ðə lɔz wɪʧ ˌɪnˈvɑlv ðə ˈmændəˌtɔri riˈtɛnʃən əv ˈdætə ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ mæʧ ˈkəstəmər əˈkaʊnts wɪθ ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd ˌaɪˌpi ˈæˈdrɛsɪz spɛld "dɪˈzæstər fər prəˈvaɪdərz" hu treɪd ɔn ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˌænəˈnɪmɪti.
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after the federal government tabled new legislation to allow the blocking of sites facilitating piracy, legal and copyright experts have raised concerns that vpn providers could be swept up in the net.
the attorney-general introduced legislation to parliament in march which, if passed, would allow rights holders in australia to seek a federal court injunction to block overseas websites that "facilitate" piracy. according to the copyright amendment (online infringement) bill, the isps would be required to take "reasonable steps" to prevent access for all australians if an online site was found to "infringe, or facilitate an infringement of, copyright," with this being the "primary purpose" of the site in question.
while the bill alludes to torrent directories such as the pirate bay, there are concerns that vpn services could be caught in the crossfire.
according to nicolas suzor, senior lecturer at the qut school of law, australia's copyright landscape "is already pretty hostile towards online service providers, particularly those that aren't isps" and services that are seen to be dodging geoblocks could be subject to injunctions sought by rights holders.
"vpn providers so far haven't seen too much trouble, but those vpns that might be 'primarily' directed to 'facilitating' copyright infringement would certainly have some reason to be concerned about these changes," he said.
while he argued that laws wouldn't be likely to have much impact on a "general purpose vpn," some services could potentially be seen to facilitate piracy under the terms in the attorney-general's bill.
vpns that might be 'primarily' directed to 'facilitating' copyright infringement would certainly have some reason to be concerned about these changes. nicolas suzor -- senior lecturer, qut school of law
"the category we're really talking about here are vpns operating in a grey area, like unblock-us and getflix.com.au, for example, who help people circumvent geoblocks," he said. "they probably don't facilitate infringement in australia, but there's a good chance that they could get caught up in the proposed rules because they might be facilitating infringement that happens over in the us.
"this proposal seems to me to not only increase costs for isps, but it introduces a whole new and undefined area of risk that online service providers will have to weigh up. given that australia's already pretty hostile to cloud services etc, this isn't a great move -- particularly since it seems to come with very little public benefit."
similarly, the australian digital alliance has raised concerns that the "primary purpose" test written into the legislation is new, and lacks clarity.
"it's unclear how many sites/what type of sites would be caught. vpn and cloud storage providers would be amongst a number of sites that could be blocked," the ada said.
"while the explanatory memorandum [to the copyright bill] is clear that this is not meant to be used to enforce geoblocking (e.g. to directly block us itunes store or us netflix) there is a reasonable chance that a vpn may be considered to be 'facilitating' infringement of copyright, especially for sites that either advertise themselves as ways to obtain content from non-australian sites or with a majority of users that do so."
there is a reasonable chance that a vpn may be considered to be 'facilitating' infringement of copyright, especially for sites that either advertise themselves as ways to obtain content from non-australian sites or with a majority of users that do so. australian digital alliance
while vpns can be used as a legitimate service for privacy- and security-conscious internet users, the ada argues that vpn service providers that promote their ability to circumvent geoblocks and access restricted content could be in the firing line. similarly, cyberlockers and file hosting services that allow users to host masses of content could face greater scrutiny under the new australian legislation.
there is a strong case already being made in australia that internet users using vpns to stream content from overseas are infringing copyright.
in a paper released in january this year titled "geo-blocking, vpns and copyright", the australian copyright council argued that australians who use vpns to stream tv shows from the united states "before the spoilers are all over the internet" are likely to be infringing copyright.
"if someone in australia uses a vpn to download a copy of material from an overseas website and they do not have permission from the copyright owner to download the material in australia, it is likely to be an infringement of copyright in australia," the acc argued.
"similarly, if someone in australia uses a vpn to stream material from an overseas website and they do not have permission to stream the material in australia from the copyright owner, it is likely to be an infringement of copyright in australia. this is because streaming involves the copyright owner's exclusive right of communication to the public."
while the copyright infringement bill uses terms such as 'primary purpose' and 'facilitating infringement' these are open to interpretation.
"there are a number of online locations that may facilitate copyright infringement, but also serve other legitimate purposes," said trish hepworth, copyright advisor to the australian libraries copyright committee. "sites offering vpns may facilitate illegal downloading or help mask the identity of people with security and privacy concerns. websites that collate infringing material, such as wikileaks, may nonetheless serve legitimate purposes."
ultimately, the questions of primary purpose and facilitation of piracy could come down to decisions made in the federal court.
australia is not the only country to bring in copyright regulations and legislation that spell trouble for vpns.
already, there have been concerns that vpn providers in canada may leave that country after the introduction of stricter regulations around copyright infringement and piracy in that country.
canada introduced a "notice-on-notice" scheme at the start of the year, requiring internet service providers to forward copyright notices to their customers, or face up to $10,000 in fines.
however, torrentfreak reports that the laws -- which involve the mandatory retention of data in order to match customer accounts with allocated ip addresses -- spelled "disaster for vpn providers" who trade on their ability to provide anonymity.
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ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈvɛnʧər ˈkæpɪtəl fərm ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪz ˈlidɪŋ ə ˈsɪriz bi ˈfəndɪŋ raʊnd ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ. waɪl ðə tərmz əv ðə dil wər nɑt dɪˈskloʊzd, sɛd ðət ə dollar”*” ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt hæd bɪn əˈgrid əˈpɑn wɪθ. dɪd nɑt seɪ wɪn ɪt ɪkˈspɛktɪd ðə ˈsɪriz bi raʊnd tɪ bi kəmˈplitɪd. ə fænˈtæstɪk fərst stɛp təˈwɔrd kəmˈplitɪŋ ˈsɪriz bi, wɪʧ wɪl ˈəltəmətli ɪˈneɪbəl ˈjuˈɛs tɪ skeɪl ɑr ˈbɪznɪs worldwide,”*,” sɛd ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈʤɛsi ˈpɑwɛl. ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ɪz ðə ˈvɛnʧər ˈkæpɪtəl ɑrm əv ˈhoʊldɪŋz, ən ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl grup ðət ˌriˈpɔrtəd ən ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈrɛvəˌnu əv ˈrəfli ɪn 2015 ðə fərm ˈrisəntli əˈnaʊnst ðət ɪt wʊd wərk wɪθ ˈrɪpəl tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə nu ˈkəmpəˌni wɪθ ə ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈeɪʒən ˈmɑrkɪts. ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt kəmz ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər dɪˈskloʊzd ðət ɪt wɑz əkˈwaɪərɪŋ nu jɔrk ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ɪn ən ˌəndɪˈskloʊzd dil. kloʊzd ə ˈsɪriz ə ˈfəndɪŋ raʊnd ɪn mɑrʧ 2014 ˈreɪzɪŋ ɪn ə raʊnd lɛd baɪ ˈhəmɪŋˌbərd ˈvɛnʧərz, ən ˈvɛnʧər ˈkæpɪtəl fərm. dɪˈskloʊʒər: ɪz ə səbˈsɪdiˌɛri əv ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkərənsi grup, wɪʧ həz ən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp steɪk ɪn.
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japanese venture capital firm sbi investment is leading a series b funding round in bitcoin exchange kraken.
while the terms of the deal were not disclosed, kraken said that a “multi-million dollar” investment had been agreed upon with sbi. kraken did not say when it expected the series b round to be completed.
“it’s a fantastic first step toward completing series b, which will ultimately enable us to scale our business worldwide,” said kraken ceo jesse powell.
sbi investment is the venture capital arm of sbi holdings, an internet-based financial group that reported an operating revenue of roughly $2bn in 2015. the firm recently announced that it would work with ripple to establish a new company with a focus on asian markets.
the announcement comes shortly after kraken disclosed that it was acquiring new york bitcoin exchange coinsetter in an undisclosed deal.
kraken closed a series a funding round in march 2014, raising $5m in a round led by hummingbird ventures, an early-phase venture capital firm.
disclosure: coindesk is a subsidiary of digital currency group, which has an ownership stake in kraken.
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ˈθərˌdi braʊn ənd blæk sneɪks hæv bɪn ˈspɑtɪd əˈlɔŋ ˈrɪvər ˈtɔrənz ˈlɪniər pɑrk ɪn ðə pæst wik. ti tri ˈgəli ˈkaʊnsəl stæf faʊnd ðə sneɪks waɪl ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ə ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə pɑrk ɪn ənd highbury*. ðə ˈkaʊnsəlz ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˈmænɪʤər ˈændru ˈsɛlərz sɛd ðə ˈnəmbər əv sneɪk ˈsaɪtɪŋz hæd ˈrɪzən ɪn ðə pæst jɪr. "ðɪs ɪz ə bɪg ˌɪnˈkris ɔn læst jɪr wɪn wi wər siɪŋ əˈbaʊt faɪv sneɪks ə wik ɪn ðət ˈɛriə," ˈmɪstər ˈsɛlərz sɛd. "wɪθ ðə ˈwɔrmər ˈwɛðər, sneɪks hæv bɪn ˈhɛdɪŋ təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈwɔtər wɛr ðɛrz ə mɔr ˈplɛnɪfəl fud səˈplaɪ." sneɪks əˈweɪ ˈoʊnər ˈiən ˈrɛntən sɛd sneɪks əˈlɔŋ ˈlɪniər pɑrk, wɪʧ rənz frəm ðə ˈædəˌleɪd hɪlz tɪ ˈhɛnli biʧ, wər riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ə 25 pər sɛnt raɪz ɪn kɔl aʊts ðɪs mənθ. "ɪts bɪn ə lɔt ˈbɪziər fər mi," ˈmɪstər ˈrɛntən sɛd. "əm ˈgɪtɪŋ mɔr ðən 10 kɔl aʊts ə deɪ. "sneɪks ər biɪŋ faʊnd ɔl ðə weɪ əˈlɔŋ ˈlɪniər pɑrk, ˈivɪn daʊn æt təˈwɔrdz ˈædəˌleɪd." ðə ˈkaʊnsəl wɔrnd ˈrɛzɪdənts tɪ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ˈkɔʃən wɪn ˈjuzɪŋ ðə pɑrk ənd ərʤd dɔg ˈoʊnərz tɪ kip ðɛr pɛts ɔn lidz. fər mɔr nuz ɔn ðə ˌnɔrˈθist, pɪk əp ə ˈkɑpi əv ðə ˈlidər ˈmɛsɪnʤər, rɛd ɑr ˈdɪʤɪtəl ɪˈdɪʃən ˈɔnˌlaɪn, ər bɪˈkəm ə fæn əv ɑr ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ.
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thirty brown and red-bellied black snakes have been spotted along river torrens linear park in the past week.
tea tree gully council staff found the snakes while working in a section of the park in dernancourt and highbury.
the council's operations manager andrew sellars said the number of snake sightings had risen in the past year.
"this is a big increase on last year when we were seeing about five snakes a week in that area," mr sellars said.
"with the warmer weather, snakes have been heading towards the water where there's a more plentiful food supply."
snakes away owner ian renton said snakes along linear park, which runs from the adelaide hills to henley beach, were responsible for a 25 per cent rise in call outs this month.
"it's been a lot busier for me," mr renton said.
"i'm getting more than 10 call outs a day.
"snakes are being found all the way along linear park, even down at gilberton towards adelaide."
the council warned residents to exercise caution when using the park and urged dog owners to keep their pets on leads.
for more news on the north-east, pick up a copy of the leader messenger, read our digital edition online, or become a fan of our facebook page.
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ˈgoʊldən riˈtrivər ˈpəpi pleɪɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈstɛθəˌskoʊp ɔn sɪks mənθs ˈæftər ðə lɔnʧ əv ə ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ ðə əˈfɔrdəbəl kɛr ækt, hɛlθ ˈʧɔɪsɪz ˈproʊˌgræm həz ˈoʊnli saɪnd əp 30 səbˈskraɪbərz ənd ædˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtərz seɪ ðeɪ ər kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈɔfərɪŋ pɛt ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ɪf ɪt wɪl hɛlp drɔ mɔr ˈkəstəmərz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈtæmpə beɪ taɪmz, ðə ˈproʊˌgræm wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd ɪn lu əv ɪkˈspændɪŋ ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd ər ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ˈɔfər ˈsəbsɪˌdaɪzd ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns plænz. ənˈlaɪk ðə ˈfɛdərəli bækt ˈproʊˌgræmz, ˈflɔrɪdə hɛlθ ˈʧɔɪsɪz ˈɔfər hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns plænz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ʃild kənˈsumərz frəm ɪkˈspɛnsɪz laɪk ˌhɑspɪtələˈzeɪʃən, ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈbɛnəfɪts ənd ˈdɪskaʊnt plænz fər ˈaɪtəmz laɪk ˈdɛntəl ˈvɪzɪts, prəˈskrɪpʃən drəgz, ənd eye-care*. ˈæftər sɪks mənθs ˈflɔrɪdə hɛlθ ˈʧɔɪsɪz ˈoʊnli həz 30 ɛnˈroʊˈliz, nɑt ˈkaʊntɪŋ ˈsɛvən plænz wɪʧ wər ˈkænsəld ˈiðər bɪˈkəz ðə səbˈskraɪbərz ʧeɪnʤd ðɛr maɪndz ər ðeɪ feɪld tɪ peɪ ðɛr ˈprimiəmz. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðət seɪm ˈpɪriəd, ˈnɪrli flɔˈrɪdiənz hæv ɛnˈroʊld ɪn ˈpraɪvət ˈkəvərɪʤ ˈəndər obamacare*, ˈlivɪŋ ˈnɪrli flɔˈrɪdiənz hu ər tu pur tɪ əˈfɔrd ˈsəbsɪˌdaɪzd plænz ənd əˈneɪbəl tɪ kˈwɑləˌfaɪ fər ˈmɛdəˌkeɪd du tɪ strɪkt ˈstændərdz wɪʧ ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər ənd rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈgəvərnər ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ ˈɔltər dɪˈspaɪt ˈɔfərz əv ˈfɛdərəl əˈsɪstəns. ˈsaɪtɪŋ pur ɛnˈroʊlmənt ˈnəmbərz, wən əv ˈflɔrɪdə hɛlθ ˈʧɔɪsɪz ˈbɪgəst ˈbækərz, steɪt sɛn. ˈɛrən bin biʧ), ɪkˈsprɛst ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt, seɪɪŋ wi ˈwɔntɪd mɔr (ˈbɪznɪs), bət ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ɪz ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪt əˈweɪ fər free.”*.” roʊz næf, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ˈflɔrɪdə hɛlθ ˈʧɔɪsɪz, ədˈmɪtəd ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ɪz ɔf tɪ ə sloʊ stɑrt, ənd sɛd ðeɪ wər ˈsikɪŋ nu ˈprɑdəkts ənd ˈkəmpəˌniz tɪ ˈpɑrtnər wɪθ, waɪl ədˈmɪtɪŋ ðeɪ hæv kənˈsɪdərd ˈsɛlɪŋ ˈmɛdɪkəl ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns fər pɛts ɪf ðət wʊd hɛlp drɔ mɔr ˈbɪznɪs. goʊɪŋ tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ groʊ ənd lərn əˈbaʊt ɑr ˈjuzərz ənd ɛnˈhæns ðə platform,”*,” næf ɪkˈspleɪnd. næf ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ðə ˈproʊˌgræm həz nɑt spɛnt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈbəʤɪt ənd ɪn fækt, həz mɔr ðən 1 ˈmɪljən ɪn ðə bæŋk ˈæftər ˈriʧɪŋ ə ˈsɛtəlmənt ɪn ə dɪˈspjut wɪθ ðə fərm ərˈɪʤənəli haɪərd tɪ bɪld ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ˈflɔrɪdə hɛlθ ˈʧɔɪsɪz ɪz ðə ˈbreɪnˌʧaɪld əv ˈflɔrɪdə sɛn. ˈmɑrkoʊ ˈrubioʊ (ɑr) hu prəˈpoʊzd ə loʊ ˈɪnˌkəm ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈproʊˌgræm waɪl ˈsərvɪŋ ðə ˈflɔrɪdə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər. ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər əv læst jɪr, ˈrubioʊ ɛnˈroʊld hɪz ˈfæməli ɪn ə ˈfɛdərəl hɛlθ kɛr ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ðə əˈfɔrdəbəl kɛr ækt. [ˈɪmɪʤ ˈgoʊldən riˈtrivər ˈpəpi pleɪɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈstɛθəˌskoʊp ɔn]
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golden retriever puppy playing with a stethoscope on shutterstock
six months after the launch of a $900,000 alternative to the affordable care act, florida’s health choices program has only signed up 30 subscribers and administrators say they are considering offering pet insurance if it will help draw more customers.
according to the tampa bay times, the program was created in lieu of expanding medicaid or working with the federal government to offer subsidized insurance plans.
unlike the federally backed programs, florida health choices doesn’t offer health insurance plans designed to shield consumers from big-ticket expenses like hospitalization, instead offering limited benefits and discount plans for items like dental visits, prescription drugs, and eye-care.
after six months florida health choices only has 30 enrollees, not counting seven plans which were canceled either because the subscribers changed their minds or they failed to pay their premiums.
during that same period, nearly 984,000 floridians have enrolled in private coverage under obamacare, leaving nearly 764,000 floridians who are too poor to afford subsidized plans and unable to qualify for medicaid due to florida’s strict standards which the gop-controlled legislature and republican governor refuse to alter despite offers of federal assistance.
citing poor enrollment numbers, one of florida health choices biggest backers, state sen. aaron bean (r-fernandina beach), expressed disappointment, saying “obviously we wanted more (business), but the competition is giving it away for free.”
rose naff, ceo of florida health choices, admitted the program is off to a slow start, and said they were seeking new products and companies to partner with, while admitting they have considered selling medical insurance for pets if that would help draw more business.
“we’re going to continue to grow and learn about our users and enhance the platform,” naff explained.
naff also pointed out that the program has not spent the entire $900,000 budget and in fact, has more than $1 million in the bank after reaching a settlement in a dispute with the firm originally hired to build the website.
florida health choices is the brainchild of florida sen. marco rubio (r) who proposed a low income insurance program while serving the florida legislature.
in december of last year, rubio enrolled his family in a federal health care exchange created by the affordable care act.
[image golden retriever puppy playing with a stethoscope on shutterstock]
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rasmea* ˈjusɛf ˈærəb əˈmɛrɪkən ˈækʃən ˈnɛtˌwərk ɪn ə drəˈmætɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ˈjuˈɛs ˈdɪstrɪkt ʤəʤ pɔl di. ˈbɔrmən təˈdeɪ rɪˈkjuzd hɪmˈsɛlf frəm ðə traɪəl əv ˈæftər rɪˈvilɪŋ ðət hɪz ˈfæməli wəns hæd ˈbɪznɪs ˈɪntərɪsts taɪd tɪ ðə keɪs. læst ɑkˈtoʊbər, wɑz əˈkjuzd əv laɪɪŋ ɔn hər ˈjuˈɛs ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən fɔrmz ɪn 1995 baɪ ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ dɪˈskloʊz hər kənˈvɪkʃən ɪn ən ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kɔrt fər əˈlɛʤədli pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɪn tu ˈbɑmɪŋz ɪn 1969 ɪn ʤərˈusələm: wən æt ə ˈsupərˌmɑrkɪt ənd ðə ˈəðər æt ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈkɑnsələt. həz ˈplidɪd nɑt ˈgɪlti tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən frɔd ʧɑrʤ ənd ˈfʊli ˈkɑntɛsts ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli kənˈvɪkʃənz. ʃi sɪz ðeɪ wər beɪst ɪnˈtaɪərli ɔn ə kənˈfɛʃən ɛkˈstræktɪd θru prəˈlɔŋd, ˈbrutəl ˈtɔrʧər ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt. ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, dɪˈfɛns hæd kɔld ɔn ˈbɔrmən tɪ ˌrɪˈkjuz hɪmˈsɛlf, ˈsaɪtɪŋ hɪz ˈlaɪˈflɔŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈɪzriəl ðət ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈhɛlpɪŋ əˈmɛrɪkən ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ənd ˈsɪtɪzənz ˈvɪzɪt ðə ˈkəntri. bət ɔn 31 ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ˈbɔrmən rɪfˈjuzd, ˌɪnˈsɪnjueɪtɪŋ ðət ðə dɪˈfɛns wɑz ˈmɪrli ˌɪnˈvoʊkɪŋ hɪz ʤuɪʃ ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ənd rɪˈlɪʤən ɛz graʊnz fər rɪˈkjuzəl. bət ɪn ə ˈrulɪŋ təˈdeɪ, ˈbɔrmən raɪts ðət hi dɪˈskəvərd nu ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət rikˈwaɪərd ɪm tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ frəm ðə keɪs ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈsupərˌmɑrkɪt wɑz əˈkjuzd əv ˈbɑmɪŋ ɪn 1969 wɑz, ɪn wɪʧ ˈfæməli hæd ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl interest”*” æt ðə taɪm əv ðə ˈbɑmɪŋ. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈrulɪŋ, ˈbɔrmən wɑz ˌənəˈwɛr ðət hæd bɪn ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt əv ðə ˈbɑmɪŋz wɪn hi ˈɪʃud hɪz fərst rɪfˈjuzəl tɪ stɛp daʊn. bət ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ hi rɪkˈwɛstɪd ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ trænzˈleɪʃən əv ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli ˌɪnˈdaɪtmənt, æt wɪʧ pɔɪnt hi ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt. ˈbɔrmən ɪkˈspleɪnz ðət hɪz ˈfæməli noʊ ˈlɔŋgər həz ˈɛni ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl interest”*” ɪn. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsteɪtɪd ðət hi həz noʊ ˈpərsɪnəl baɪəs əˈgɛnst ənd bɪˈlivz hi kʊd hæv ədˈmɪnɪstərd ˈʤəstɪs wɪθ ˌɪmˌpɑrʃiˈælɪti, bət ðət ðə lɔ əv rɪˈkjuzəl rikˈwaɪərz wɛˈnɛvər ˌɪmˌpɑrʃiˈælɪti maɪt ˈrizənəbli bi questioned.”*.” ðə ʤəʤ riˈɪtərˌeɪtɪd ðət hɪz ˈhɪstəri əv ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˈgɪvɪŋ tɪ ðə ʤuɪʃ ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən əv ˈdiˌtrɔɪt θru wɪʧ hi ɪz ˈkrɛdɪtɪd wɪθ ˈbrɪŋɪŋ əv ˈdiˌtrɔɪtərz tɪ israel”*” prəˈvaɪdɪd noʊ ˈrizənəbəl graʊnz fər hɪz rɪˈkjuzəl. ʤəʤ ˈgərʃwɪn ə. dreɪn, ɪn ðə ˈistərn ˈdɪstrɪkt əv ˈmɪʃɪgən, həz bɪn ˈrændəmli əˈsaɪnd tɪ ðə keɪs. ðə traɪəl deɪt ənd ɔl ˈpriviəsli ˈskɛʤʊld ˈhirɪŋz hæv bɪn poʊstˈpoʊnd ənˈtɪl ˈfərðər ˈnoʊtɪs. ˈspikɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˌɪntɪˈfɑdə wɪˈθɪn ən aʊər əv ˈhirɪŋ ðə nuz, ˈhætɪm abudayyeh*, ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈærəb əˈmɛrɪkən ˈækʃən ˈnɛtˌwərk (əv wɪʧ ɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt dɪˈrɛktər), sɛd, ɪz greɪt nuz. pruf ðət wi wər raɪt: wi ˈnɛvər meɪd ɪt əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈhɪstəri, ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ər rɪˈlɪʤən əv ðə ʤəʤ, ɔl wi tɔkt əˈbaʊt ɪn ðə ˈmoʊʃən wɑz ðət hi wɑz ə səˈpɔrtər əv ˈɪzriəl ənd ðət hi hæd ˈɪntərɪsts ɪn ˈɪzriəl ənd hi hæd səˈpɔrtɪd ɪt ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli ənd politically.”*.” ˈlɔjərz hæv ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzd ðət hər dɪˈfɛns wɪl ˌrikˈwaɪər ðə ˈskrutəni əv ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kɔrt ˈsɪstəm ənd ðət ə ˌpɑrʃiˈæləti fər ðə steɪt əv ˈɪzriəl wʊd prɪˈvɛnt frəm ˈækˌsɛsɪŋ ə traɪəl fri əv ˈprɛʤədɪs.
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rasmea yousef odeh arab american action network
in a dramatic development, us district judge paul d. borman today recused himself from the trial of palestinian-american rasmea odeh after revealing that his family once had business interests tied to the case.
last october, odeh was accused of lying on her us immigration forms in 1995 by failing to disclose her conviction in an israeli military court for allegedly participating in two bombings in 1969 in jerusalem: one at a supermarket and the other at the british consulate.
odeh has pleaded not guilty to the us immigration fraud charge and fully contests the israeli convictions. she says they were based entirely on a confession extracted through prolonged, brutal torture including sexual assault.
in july, odeh’s defense had called on borman to recuse himself, citing his lifelong relationship with israel that included helping american politicians and citizens visit the country. but on 31 july, borman refused, insinuating that the defense was merely invoking his jewish heritage and religion as grounds for recusal.
but in a ruling today, borman writes that he discovered new information that required him to withdraw from the case immediately. the israeli supermarket odeh was accused of bombing in 1969 was supersol, in which borman’s family had a “passive financial interest” at the time of the bombing.
according to the ruling, borman was unaware that supersol had been the object of the bombings when he issued his first refusal to step down. but yesterday he requested the english translation of the israeli indictment, at which point he realized the conflict.
borman explains that his family no longer has any “passive financial interest” in supersol. he also stated that he has no personal bias against odeh and believes he could have administered justice with impartiality, but that the law of recusal requires “recusal whenever impartiality might reasonably be questioned.”
the judge reiterated that his history of charitable giving to the jewish federation of detroit — through which he is credited with bringing “hundreds of detroiters to israel” — provided no reasonable grounds for his recusal.
judge gershwin a. drain, in the eastern district of michigan, has been randomly assigned to the case. the trial date and all previously scheduled hearings have been postponed until further notice.
speaking to the electronic intifada within an hour of hearing the news, hatem abudayyeh, the executive director of the arab american action network (of which odeh is associate director), said, “this is great news. proof that we were right: we never made it about his history, heritage or religion of the judge, all we talked about in the motion was that he was a supporter of israel and that he had interests in israel and he had supported it financially and politically.”
odeh’s lawyers have emphasized that her defense will require the scrutiny of the israeli military court system and that a judge’s partiality for the state of israel would prevent odeh from accessing a trial free of prejudice.
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ˈɑrmərd kɑz: maɪn prəˈtɛktɪd ˈviɪkəl ðə maɪn prəˈtɛktɪd ˈviɪkəl meɪd baɪ ˈɔrdnəns ˈfæktəri bɔrd (ofb*) ɪz wən əv ðə list noʊn ˈɑrmərd kɑz ɪn juz təˈdeɪ. ɪts dɪˈzaɪn ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə ˈpruvən saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑn casspir*, ðə ˈfɔˌrənər əv ˈkɑrənt ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ðə, wɪʧ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld ðə, wɑz ˈteɪlərd fər saʊθ təreɪn ənd ðə nidz əv sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈfɔrsɪz. ˈæftər ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪpɪŋ baɪ ðə æt ðə tərn əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri pərˈdəkʃən kəˈmɛnst fər dəˈmɛstɪk juz. ðə ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz ʤɔɪnd ðə ˌklaɪənˈtɛl ɪn 2007 wɪθ ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈɔrdər fər 250 trəks. ɔl əˈsɛmbli tʊk pleɪs ɪn, ə ˈviɪkəl plænt lɔnʧt ɪn 1986 tɪ əˈsɛmbəl ˈlaɪsənst ˈkɑpiz əv ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt kɔld ðə sarath*. ðə wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli juzd fər ˈloʊkəl ˈtrəbəl spɑts laɪk ðə ˌɪnˈfɛstɪd corridor”*” əˈkrɔs ˌsaʊˈθistərn ˈɪndiə. ðə ər ə maʊɪst ˌɪnˈsərʤənsi ðət bɪˈgæn ɛz ə ˈgræsˈruts lænd rɪˈfɔrm ˈmuvmənt. ðə pruvd ɪts ˈmɛtəl ɪn ðɪs ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈθieɪtər ənd ðɛr juzd tɪ bi səm hoʊp ɪt wʊd faɪnd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkəstəmərz. ðə ˈfɑloʊz ə kənˈvɛnʃənəl dɪˈzaɪn ənd ɪz ˌrɛkəgˈnaɪzəbəl fər ɪts skwɛr grɪl ənd haɪ graʊnd ˈklɪrəns. əˈnəðər fəˈmɪljər ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪk ɪz ðə spɛr taɪər əˈtæʧt tɪ ðə hulls’*’ lɛft saɪd, wɪʧ sloʊps ˈdaʊnwərd bɪˈkəz əv ðə əˈbəv ðə ˈʧæsi. ðə skeɪlz 11 tənz ənˈloʊdɪd ənd ˈɔfərz ˈsitɪŋ fər tu kru ənd ənd 10 ˈpæsənʤərz. wɪn kənˈfɪgjərd ɛz ə ɪt kən fɪt 12 ˈpæsənʤərz. hæv ðə ʧɔɪs tɪ faɪt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðɛr ˈviɪkəl, sɪns iʧ həz ˈməltəpəl ˈfaɪərrɪŋ pɔrts, fɔr ˈrufˌtɑp ˈhæʧɪz, ənd ə lɑrʤ ˈsərkjələr tərət hæʧ fər ə meɪn ˈɑrməmənt. wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ moʊˈbɪlɪti ðə ˈɔfərz ə tɔp spid əv 85 ˈkɪləˌmitərz pər aʊər wɪθ ə reɪnʤ əv km*. ðɛr ˈɛni ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ɪts ˈɪnʤən bət ɪt bi səˈpraɪzɪŋ ɪf ɪt rənz ɔn ə ˈkəmɪnz ˈtərboʊ ˈdizəl ɪn ðə 250 ˈhɔrˌspaʊər reɪnʤ. ðə ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə prəˈtɛkʃən ˈlɛvəl ənd kleɪm ɪt kən dɪˈflɛkt raʊnz frəm ɔl saɪdz æt ə 10 ˈmitər ˈdɪstəns. ɛz fər ɪts blæst rɪˈzɪstəns, ðə ˈprɑdəkt ˈlɪtərəʧər rɪˈvilz ðə ʃɑk weɪv frəm 10 ˈkɪləˌgræmz əv ɪkˈsploʊsɪv kən bi əbˈzɔrbd baɪ ɪts həl waɪl ðə wilz kən sərˈvaɪv 21 bɔm. ðə ˈviɪkəl ˌɪtˈsɛlf həz bɪn ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈəpˌgreɪdz ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz bət ðə rɪˈmeɪnz məm ɔn ðiz. ðə ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈsəfər ɪn ðə jɪrz ˈæftər ɪt ˈɛnərd ˈsərvɪs. laɪk ˌɪnˈsərʤənsiz ˈɛlsˌwɛr, ˈrɛbəlz sun faʊnd aʊt ðə ˈviɪkəl hæd ə ˈtɛndənsi tɪ ˈtɑpəl ˈoʊvər wɪn strək baɪ ə ˈpaʊərfəl ɪkˈsploʊʒən. wərs, ˈmɪrli ˌɛnˈlɑrʤɪŋ ðə ˈɪmprəˌvaɪzd bɔm ər maɪn nɑkt ɪt aʊt fər gʊd, wɪʧ ɪz wət ˈhæpənd ɪn 2005 wɪn 24 ˌpɛrəˈmɪləˌtɛriz wər kɪld ɪn ən ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˈæmˌbʊʃ. noʊ ˈwəndər ðə ˈsɛntrəl rɪˈzərv pəˈlis fɔrs (crpf*) tæskt wɪθ səˈprɛsɪŋ ðə hæv stɑpt dɪˈplɔɪɪŋ ðə ɔn ˌəˌpeɪvd roʊdz ənd ˈkəntriˌsaɪd. waɪl ðə juz həz dˈwɪndəld ˈrisəntli ðə ˈviɪkəl ɪz ˈnoʊˌwɛr nɪr ðə ɛnd əv ɪts ˈjusfəlnəs. ðə θrɛt poʊzd baɪ ˈmɪlətənts ɪn ʤəˈmu ənd ˈkæʃmɪr həz sin ðə ˈɪndiən ˈɑrmi əˈdɑpt fər ˈkɑnˌvɔɪ prəˈtɛkʃən ənd pəˈtroʊl ˈmɪʃənz. ðə ər aɪˈdil fər ðə ʤɑb sɪns ðeɪ ˈɔfər ˈbɛtər moʊˈbɪlɪti ənd ˈɑrmər kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ə toʊˈjoʊtə ˈpɪˌkəp ər ə ˈloʊkəli meɪd ʤip. ðə pərˈdəkʃən ɪz ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ənd 250 nu bɪldz wər ˈɔrdərd ɪn 2016 fər ðə ˈɪndiən dəˈmɛstɪk juz. ɛz ɪts ˈnəmbərz bəˈlun ðə ˈfeɪsɪz ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən frəm ə nu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˈloʊkəli meɪd ˈɑrmərd ˈviɪkəlz ðət kʊd stɪl faɪnd ˈkəstəmərz ˈsəmˌwɛr ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈɪndiə. tru noʊ ˈʃɔrtɪʤ əv tɪ ʧuz frəm ˈgloʊbəli ənd ðə ɪn ɪts ˈkɑrənt fɔrm dɪz hæv ɪts ˈdrɔˌbæks. ɪf ðə ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪz nu ˈfiʧərz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə maɪt ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ə riˈsərʤəns əv sɔrts. ðɪs ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈpɑsəbəl wɪθ ə rɪˈmoʊt ˈwɛpən ˈsteɪʃən fər ən mæg ɔn ðə rʊf. ə fju ˈkruʃəl ˈsɪstəmz kən du ə lɔt tɪ meɪk ðə mɔr kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ɛz ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈɛkspɔrt. ðiz ʃʊd ˌɪnˈklud ə sˈnaɪpər dɪˈtɛkʃən ˈsɪstəm, ən ˈɔpʃənəl swit fər dɪˈtɛktɪŋ ˈhæzərdəs ˈkɛmɪkəlz ər ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃən, smoʊk grəˈneɪd dischargers*, ə rɪˈmoʊt deɪ ənd naɪt saɪt, ənd ˈɔpʃənəl ˈɑrmər əˈdɪʃənəl ˈpænəlz fər ðə həl ər roʊˈbəst ˈstænˌdɔf slæts fər ɪts ˈwɪndoʊz. ɪt wʊd bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ tɪ si ɪf ðə ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈiðər ə məˈʃin gən ər ə grəˈneɪd ˈlɔnʧər ɔn ə rɪˈmoʊt kənˈtroʊld tərət. ˈroʊlɪŋ aʊt ˈvɛriənts səʧ ɛz ə kəˈmænd ˈviɪkəl, ə ˈkɛriər, ən ˈæmbjələns, ənd ə ˈmɔrtər, ˈivɪn ə ɛr dɪˈfɛns ˈviɪkəl ɑrmd wɪθ ˈmɪsəlz, wʊd pʊt ɪt ɔn ˈikwəl ˈfʊtɪŋ wɪθ səm əv ðə mɔr æmˈbɪʃəs wild ˈplætˌfɔrmz meɪd ɪn ˈeɪʒə. ðə wərld stɪl ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ðə ˈvælju əv ˈɪndiən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈprɑdəkts. kənˈsərnz ˈoʊvər kˈwɑləti ˈɪʃuz ər wən ˈrizən waɪ bət ɪf ðə ˈmɑrkɪt dɪˈmændz ən əˈfɔrdəbəl ənd trək fər ˈɪnfəntri ˈtrænspɔrt, ðə ɪz wərθ kənˈsɪdərɪŋ. ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts
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armored cars: ofb mine protected vehicle aditya
the mine protected vehicle made by india’s ordnance factory board (ofb) is one of the least known armored cars in use today. its design is based on the proven south african casspir, the forerunner of current generation mraps. on the other hand, the mpv, which is also called the aditya, was tailored for south asia’s terrain and the needs of india’s security forces.
after initial prototyping by the drdo at the turn of the century mpv production commenced for domestic use. the armed forces joined the clientele in 2007 with an initial order for 250 trucks. all assembly took place in ofb medak, a state-owned vehicle plant launched in 1986 to assemble licensed copies of the soviet bmp-2 called the sarath.
the mpv aditya was originally used for local trouble spots like the naxal infested “red corridor” across southeastern india. the naxals are a maoist insurgency that began as a grassroots land reform movement. the mpv proved its mettle in this difficult theater and there used to be some hope it would find international customers.
the mpv follows a conventional mrap design and is recognizable for its square grille and high ground clearance. another familiar characteristic is the spare tire attached to the hulls’ left side, which slopes downward because of the v-shape above the chassis. the mpv scales 11 tons unloaded and offers seating for two crew and and 10 passengers. when configured as a 6×6 it can fit 12 passengers. jawans have the choice to fight inside their vehicle, since each mpv has multiple firing ports, four rooftop hatches, and a large circular turret hatch for a main armament.
when it comes to mobility the mpv offers a top speed of 85 kilometers per hour with a range of 1,000 km. there any information on its engine but it won’t be surprising if it runs on a cummins turbo diesel in the 250 horsepower range.
the ofb aren’t forthcoming about the mpv’s protection level and claim it can deflect 7.62x51mm rounds from all sides at a 10 meter distance. as for its blast resistance, the ofb’s product literature reveals the shock wave from 10 kilograms of explosive can be absorbed by its hull while the wheels can survive 21 kg bomb. the vehicle itself has been subject to upgrades over the years but the ofb remains mum on these.
the mpv’s reputation began to suffer in the years after it entered service. like insurgencies elsewhere, naxal rebels soon found out the vehicle had a tendency to topple over when struck by a powerful explosion. worse, merely enlarging the improvised bomb or mine knocked it out for good, which is what happened in 2005 when 24 paramilitaries were killed in an mpv during an ambush. no wonder the central reserve police force (crpf) tasked with suppressing the naxals have stopped deploying the mpv on unpaved roads and countryside.
while the mpv’s use has dwindled recently the vehicle is nowhere near the end of its usefulness. the threat posed by militants in jammu and kashmir has seen the indian army adopt mpvs for convoy protection and patrol missions. the mpvs are ideal for the job since they offer better mobility and armor compared to a toyota pickup or a locally made jeep.
the mpv’s production is ongoing and 250 new builds were ordered in 2016 for the indian army’s domestic use. as its numbers balloon the mpv faces competition from a new generation of locally made armored vehicles that could still find customers somewhere outside india. true there’s no shortage of mraps to choose from globally and the mpv in its current form does have its drawbacks. if the ofb medak emphasizes new features, however, the mpv might enjoy a resurgence of sorts. this is already possible with a remote weapon station for an fn mag on the mpv’s roof.
a few crucial systems can do a lot to make the mpv more competitive as a potential export. these should include a sniper detection system, an optional cbrne suite for detecting hazardous chemicals or radiation, smoke grenade dischargers, a remote day and night sight, and optional armor packages–whether additional panels for the hull or robust standoff slats for its windows.
it would be interesting to see if the mpv is capable of supporting either a 12.7mm machine gun or a 30mm grenade launcher on a remote controlled turret. rolling out variants such as a command vehicle, a uav carrier, an ambulance, and a self-propelled mortar, even a short-range air defense vehicle armed with missiles, would put it on equal footing with some of the more ambitious wheeled platforms made in asia.
the world still hasn’t recognized the value of indian military products. concerns over quality issues are one reason why but if the market demands an affordable and battle-tested truck for infantry transport, the mpv is worth considering.
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ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ˈɔpʃənz ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ noʊˈvɛlə sˈnæpˌʃɑt ˈædəm hir. jɛs, ju rɛd ðət raɪt. sˈnæpˌʃɑt, ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ noʊˈvɛlə, wɑz ʤɪst ˈɔpʃənd baɪ ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm. ˈbroʊkən roʊd pərˈdəkʃənz ənd ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt 360 (ˈɔfəs ˈkrɪsməs ˈpɑrti) ər tɪ ˈproʊdus. ɪf nɑt fəˈmɪljər wɪθ sˈnæpˌʃɑt, ju kən faɪnd ə brif sɪˈnɑpsɪs bɪˈloʊ. ju kən juz ðə ˈwɪʤɪt tɪ ðə raɪt tɪ si ˈɔpʃənz ɪn jʊr rɛd ðə fʊl article…*… ˌjʊrəˈpiən tʊr kənˈtɪnjuz ɪn ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə ˈlɪzbən, ˈhəmbəl ˈbəndəl ˈəpˌdeɪts ˈædəm hir. ˈsɑri əˈbaʊt ˈmɪsɪŋ læst ˈəpˌdeɪt poʊst; aɪ hæv bɪn ˈtrævəlɪŋ ɪn ˈjʊrəp wɪθ ˈbrændən (ˈmoʊstli, bət aɪ wɪl gɪt tɪ ðət ɪn ə ˈmɪnət) ənd hæv gʊd ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs. soʊ ɪf ju hæv bɪn ɛz aɪ laɪk tɪ ˌɪˈmæʤən ɪt, ˈwɑloʊɪŋ ɪn ðə pɪt əv maɪ ˈwikli ˈəpˌdeɪt, fər rɛd ðə fʊl article…*… ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti bleɪd fæn fɪlm heɪ ɔl. aɪ faʊnd aʊt əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈrisəntli, ənd ɪt lʊks ˈprɪti kul tɪ mi. ə ˈkəpəl əv fænz wɔnt tɪ meɪk ə fæn fɪlm fər ðə ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti bleɪd ˈstɔri. (ɪf nɑt fəˈmɪljər wɪθ ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti bleɪd, ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈioʊs geɪmz baɪ ʧɛr geɪmz ðət aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ roʊt tu fər, rɛd ðə fʊl article…*… fɪlm raɪts ɛz ˈmɛni əv ju noʊ, ə fɪlm həz bɪn ɪn ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈsteɪʤɪz fər ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz naʊ. ðə prəˈdusərz, ˈpɪkʧərz, wər ˈwəndərfəl tɪ ˈpɑrtnər wɪθ ənd wərkt ˈvɛri hɑrd tɪ brɪŋ ə ˈvɪʒən tɪ ðə bɪg skrin. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɛr raɪts hæv ʤɪst læpst. stɪl ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt, bət ɪn rɛd ðə fʊl article…*… steɪt əv ðə ˈsændərsən ɪt həz bɪn kwaɪt ə ˈbɪzi taɪm ðiz læst sɪks ər ˈsɛvən mənθs. tu ˈbɪzi, ˈmeɪbi? ə lɔt əv greɪt ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz, bət ɪt həz kət ˈɪntu maɪ taɪm tɪ bi æt hoʊm ˈraɪtɪŋ. lɛt mi gɪv ju ə ˈlɪtəl ˈəpˌdeɪt əv wət duɪŋ writing-wise*. fərst ɔf, əv kɔrs, ɪz wərdz əv ˈreɪˌdiəns. ɪf ju rɛd ðə fʊl article…*… ðə ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz, bʊk ˈɛkspoʊ əˈmɛrɪkə ˈəpˌdeɪts ðə nuəst ˈraɪtɪŋ ɪkˈskjuzɪz ˈpɔdˌkæst ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ɪz kɔld ðə dɪd right.”*.” ɪt həz ə bənʧ əv ˈspɔɪlərz fər ðət ˈmuvi ənd tɔks əˈbaʊt ɪt frəm ðə pɔɪnt əv vju əv ə ˈraɪtər. ˈəˌploʊdɪd ɔl əv bɛn ˈɔsəm ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz fər ðə. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludz ðə mæp (wɪʧ ɪn ðə raɪt rɛd ðə fʊl article…*… ˈspɛktər frəm ˈʤeɪsən ˈdɛnzəl heɪ ɔl, ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst ə kwɪk poʊst tɪ lɛt ju noʊ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈspɛktər frəm ˈʤeɪsən ˈdɛnzəl. rɪˈmɛmbər ðɪs ˈɔsəm taʊərz əv ˈmɪdˌnaɪt ˈtreɪlər frəm ə ˈkəpəl jɪrz əˈgoʊ? ˈʤeɪsən (ˈfaʊndər əv kul gaɪ) wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðət ˈtreɪlər. wɛl, hi həz ˈɔlsoʊ fɪlmd ə ʃɔrt ˈɛpɪk ˈfænəsi kɔld rɛd ðə fʊl article…*… ˈmuvi ˈəpˌdeɪt ənd ˈjugoʊ ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən tu bɪg ˈəpˌdeɪts təˈdeɪ! fərst ɔf, wi æt ˈraɪtɪŋ ɪkˈskjuzɪz ər praʊd tɪ bi ˈjugoʊ ˈnɑməˌneɪtəd ɪn ðə bɛst rɪˈleɪtɪd wərk ˈkætəˌgɔri fər ɑr ˈsɛkənd jɪr ɪn ə roʊ. huzzah*! θæŋk ju tɪ ɔl hu ˈnɑməˌneɪtəd. (ju kən si ðə ˈəðər ˌnɑməˈniz ɪn ɔl ˈkætəˌgɔriz hir, ənd ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ wɔʧ rɪˈkɔrdɪŋz əv ðə lɪv rɛd ðə fʊl article…*… ˈraɪtɪŋ ɪkˈskjuzɪz, ˌælkəˈtræz ˌænəˈteɪʃən, gik aʊt ʤɪst ə kwɪk ˈəpˌdeɪt fər təˈdeɪ. ˈkərəntli flaɪɪŋ tɪ ɔˈstreɪljə. ˈraɪtɪŋ ɪkˈskjuzɪz ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈraɪtɪŋ ðoʊz ˈhændi trɪks ðət ðə greɪt ˈɔθərz juz tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ðɛmˈsɛlvz frəm ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ ˈɛni bʊk ˌbiˈfɔr ɪts taɪm. ðɛr ər ə ˈkəpəl əv kwoʊts frəm mi ɪn ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔn gik aʊt əˈbaʊt ˈmidiə rɛd ðə fʊl article…*…
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mgm options brandon’s forthcoming novella snapshot adam here. yes, you read that right. snapshot, brandon’s forthcoming novella, was just optioned by mgm. broken road productions and entertainment 360 (office christmas party) are to produce. if you’re not familiar with snapshot, you can find a brief synopsis below. you can use the widget to the right to see preorder options in your read the full article…
european tour continues in barcelona & lisbon, rpg ebook humble bundle + updates adam here. sorry about missing last week’s update post; i have been traveling in europe with brandon (mostly, but i will get to that in a minute) and didn’t have good internet access. so if you have been lost—or as i like to imagine it, wallowing in the pit of despair—without my weekly update, for read the full article…
infinity blade fan film kickstarter hey all. i found out about this recently, and it looks pretty cool to me. a couple of fans want to make a live-action fan film for the infinity blade story. (if you’re not familiar with infinity blade, it’s a series of ios games by chair entertainment/epic games that i also wrote two novellas for, read the full article…
mistborn film rights as many of you know, a mistborn film has been in the development stages for several years now. the producers, paloppa pictures, were wonderful to partner with and worked very hard to bring a mistborn vision to the big screen. however, their rights have just lapsed. they’re still interested in the project, but we’re in read the full article…
state of the sanderson it has been quite a busy time these last six or seven months. too busy, maybe? a lot of great experiences, but it has cut into my time to be at home writing. let me give you a little update of what i’m doing writing-wise. first off, of course, is words of radiance. if you read the full article…
the rithmatist illustrations, book expo america & updates the newest writing excuses podcast episode is called “what the avengers did right.” it has a bunch of spoilers for that movie and talks about it from the point of view of a writer. i’ve uploaded all of ben mcsweeney’s awesome illustrations for the rithmatist. this includes the map (which isn’t in the ebook right read the full article…
spectre kickstarter from jason denzel hey all, this is just a quick post to let you know about the spectre kickstarter from jason denzel. remember this awesome towers of midnight trailer from a couple years ago? jason (founder of dragonmount & all-around cool guy) was responsible for making that trailer. well, he has also filmed a short epic fantasy called read the full article…
mistborn movie update and hugo nomination two big updates today! first off, we at writing excuses are proud to be hugo nominated in the best related work category for our second year in a row. huzzah! thank you to all who nominated. (you can see the other nominees in all categories here, and you can also watch recordings of the live read the full article…
writing excuses, alcatraz annotation, cnn’s geek out just a quick update for today. i’m currently flying to australia. yesterday’s writing excuses episode is all about writing excuses—all those handy tricks that the great authors use to prevent themselves from finishing any book before its time. there are a couple of quotes from me in an article on cnn’s geek out about media read the full article…
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ə tim əv ˈrisərʧərz æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌmæsəˈʧusəts ˈæmərst hæv dɪˈskəvərd kənˈdəktɪv ˈprɑpərtiz ɪn ðə maɪˈkroʊbiəl faʊnd ɪn ðə bækˈtɪriəm ðət kʊd ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnaɪz ˌnænoʊˌtɛkˈnɑləˌʤi ənd bioelectronics*. ðə maɪˈkroʊbiəl ˈfɪləmənts ər ɪn ðə bækˈtɪriəm əˈlaʊz ˌɪˈlɛktrɑn ˈtrænspɔrt əˈkrɔs lɔŋ ˈdɪstənsɪz ˈθaʊzənz əv taɪmz ðə lɛŋθ. ðɪs ˈprɑpərti wɑz ˈpriviəsli ənˈnoʊn tɪ ˈrisərʧərz. ðə, ɛz ɪts kɔld, kən ˈɔlsoʊ muv ˌɪˈlɛktrɑn ˈʧɑrʤɪz ɛz ɪˈfɪʃəntli ɛz sɪnˈθɛtɪk ɔrˈgænɪk məˈtælɪk nanostructures*. ənd ɪts ˈnɛtˌwərk (ˈkrɛdɪt: ˈænə ənd ˈərni ˈkɑrˌboʊn) ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri, ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ðə ˈɔgəst. ədˈvæns ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈɪʃu əv ˈneɪʧər ˌnænoʊˌtɛkˈnɑləˌʤi, kʊd wən deɪ lɛd tɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈʧipər, nɑnˈtɑksɪk ˌbaɪoʊˈsɛnsərz ənd ˈsɑləd steɪt ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks ðət ˈɪnərˌfeɪs wɪθ ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈsɪstəmz. mɑrk tuominen*, ðə lɛd ˈfɪzɪsɪst, sɪz: "ðɪs ˌdɪˈskəvri nɑt ˈoʊnli pʊts ˈfɔrwərd ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt nu ˈprɪnsəpəl ɪn baɪˈɑləʤi bət ɪn məˈtɪriəlz saɪəns. wi kən naʊ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ə reɪnʤ əv nu kənˈdəktɪŋ ðət ər ˈlɪvɪŋ, ˈnæʧərəli əˈkərɪŋ, nɑnˈtɑksɪk, ˈiziər tɪ ˈproʊdus ənd lɛs ˈkɔstli ðən ˈmænˌmeɪd. ðeɪ meɪ ˈivɪn əˈlaʊ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ juz ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks ɪn ˈwɔtər ənd mɔɪst ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts. ɪt ˈoʊpənz ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ənd ˈɛnərʤi ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ðət wər nɑt ˈpɑsəbəl ˌbiˈfɔr." ɪn ˈneɪʧər, ðə ˈspiʃiz groʊz ɔn aɪərn ˈmɪnərəlz ɪn sɔɪlz ənd ˈsɛdəmənts ənd juz ðɛr maɪˈkroʊbiəl tɪ ˈtrænsfər ˌɪˈlɛktrɑnz ˈɔntu aɪərn ˈɑkˌsaɪdz, əˈlaʊɪŋ ðɛm tɪ "brið". tɪ ˈbɛtər ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪn ðə læb, ðə ˈjuˈmæs ˈrisərʧərz lɛt groʊ ɔn ˌɪˈlɛktroʊdz ənd θru ˈstədiz faʊnd ðət ðə ˌkɑnˌdəkˈtɪvəti ɪn ðə kʊd bi əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ ə ˈnɛtˌwərk əv ˈsprɛdɪŋ θruaʊt ðə. ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti əv ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl nano-wires*, ðə kənˈdəktɪŋ ˈprɑpərtiz əv ðə kʊd bi məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪd baɪ ˈsɪmpli ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə ˈtɛmpərəʧər ər ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪŋ ʤin ɪkˈsprɛʃən tɪ kriˈeɪt ə nu streɪn, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. baɪ ˈædɪŋ ə θərd ˌɪˈlɛktroʊd, ðə kən ækt laɪk ə ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl trænˈzɪstər, ˈeɪbəl tɪ bi swɪʧt ɔn ər ɔf baɪ əˈplaɪɪŋ ə ˈvoʊltɪʤ. əˈnəðər ædˈvæntɪʤ ˈɔfərz ɪz ɪts əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈproʊdus məˈtɪriəlz ðət ər mɔr ənd lɛs ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ðən ˈmænˌmeɪd ˈvərʒənz, ˈmɛni əv wɪʧ ˌrikˈwaɪər rɛr ˈɛləmənts, sɪz ðə tim. lɛd ˌmaɪkroʊbiˈɑləʤɪst ˈdɛrɪk kwɪps, ˈbeɪsɪkli ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks aʊt əv ˈvɪnəgər. ɪt gɪt məʧ ˈʧipər ər mɔr ‘‘green’*’ ðən ðət." (ˈsɔrsəz: nuz riˈlis, geobacter.org*)
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a team of researchers at the university of massachusetts amherst have discovered conductive properties in the microbial nanowires found in the bacterium geobacter sulfurreducens that could revolutionize nanotechnology and bioelectronics.
the microbial filaments or nanowires in the bacterium allows electron transport across long distances -- thousands of times the bacterium’s length. this property was previously unknown to researchers. the biofilm, as it's called, can also move electron charges as efficiently as synthetic organic metallic nanostructures.
geobacter and its nanowire network (credit: anna klimes and ernie carbone)
the discovery, reported in the aug. 7th advance online issue of nature nanotechnology, could one day lead to the development of cheaper, nontoxic biosensors and solid state electronics that interface with biological systems.
mark tuominen, the lead physicist, says: "this discovery not only puts forward an important new principle in biology but in materials science. we can now investigate a range of new conducting nanomaterials that are living, naturally occurring, nontoxic, easier to produce and less costly than man-made. they may even allow us to use electronics in water and moist environments. it opens exciting opportunities for biological and energy applications that were not possible before."
in nature, the geobacter species grows on iron minerals in soils and sediments and use their microbial nanowires to transfer electrons onto iron oxides, allowing them to "breathe". to better understand the biological process in the lab, the umass researchers let geobacter grow on electrodes and through studies found that the metallic-like conductivity in the biofilm could be attributed to a network of nanowires spreading throughout the biofilm.
similar to the flexibility of artificial nano-wires, the conducting properties of the geobacter biofilm could be manipulated by simply changing the temperature or regulating gene expression to create a new strain, for example. by adding a third electrode, the biofilm can act like a biological transistor, able to be switched on or off by applying a voltage.
another advantage geobacter offers is its ability to produce materials that are more eco-friendly and less expensive than man-made versions, many of which require rare elements, says the team.
lead microbiologist derek lovley quips, "we’re basically making electronics out of vinegar. it can’t get much cheaper or more ‘green’ than that."
(sources: news release, geobacter.org)
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9 ˈmɪnəts rɛd ɪn maɪ ˈpriviəs blɔg poʊst aɪ geɪv ə kwɪk ənd ˈizi ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ ənd ɪkˈspleɪnd haʊ tɪ juz wɪθ ə ˈbeɪsɪk kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən. ɪf ˈfɑloʊd ðət gaɪd ju maɪt hæv hæd ə ˈfilɪŋ ðət ˈmɛni ˈpipəl hæv wɪn ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ fər ðə fərst taɪm: ki ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃənz ər ˈrɪli awkward!”*!”. rɛst əˈʃʊrd, nɑt əˈloʊn. ˈʤəʤɪŋ frəm ðə ˈkoʊpiəs blɔg poʊsts ənd ˈriˌpoʊz ɔn ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈpipəl aʊt ðɛr hu fil ðə ərʤ tɪ meɪk bɪˈheɪv ə ˈlɪtəl ˈdɪfərənt; tɪ meɪk ɪt mɔr ˈkəmfərtəbəl tɪ juz. ənd ˈæˌkʧuəli kwaɪt ˈizi tɪ ˈkəstəˌmaɪz ðə lʊk ənd fil əv. lɛt mi tɛl ju ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈbeɪsɪks əv ˈkəstəˌmaɪzɪŋ ənd ʃɛr səm əv ðə kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃənz aɪ faɪnd moʊst ˈjusfəl. ˈkəstəˌmaɪzɪŋ ˈkəstəˌmaɪzɪŋ ɪz ɛz ˈizi ɛz ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ə tɛkst faɪl. ˈjuzɪz ə faɪl kɔld tɪ stɔr ɪts kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən. ɪf ju stɔr ðət faɪl ɛz (noʊt: ə ˈpɪriəd ɛz ðə fərst ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn ðə faɪl neɪm. ə ˈhɪdən faɪl) wɪl pɪk ðɪs kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən faɪl fər jʊr ˈkɑrənt ˈjuzər. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ ʃɛr ə kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən fər ˈməltəpəl ˈjuzərz (e.g*. ɪf ju ʃʊd fil ðə ərʤ tɪ stɑrt ɛz ˈsupər ˈjuzər (pliz θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈkɛrfəli!)) ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ pʊt jʊr ˈɪntu ə dɪˈrɛktəri. ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ðɪs dɪˈrɛktəri wɪl bi ˈdɪfərənt ˈdɪfərənt ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈsɪstəmz. ðə mæn peɪʤ mæn wɪl tɛl ju ðə ɪgˈzækt loʊˈkeɪʃən, ʤɪst hæv ə lʊk æt ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən fər ðə -ɛf pərˈæmətər. lɛs ˈɔkwərd ˈprifɪks kiz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən ʧeɪnʤ əˈməŋ ˈjuzərz ɪz tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈprifɪks frəm ðə ˈrəðər ˈɔkwərd tɪ ˈsəmθɪŋ ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ækˈsɛsəbəl. ˈpərsənəli ˈjuzɪŋ ˌɪnˈstɛd bət noʊt ðət ðɪs maɪt ˌɪnərˈfɪr wɪθ tɪ bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv line”*” kəˈmænd. ɔn tɔp əv ðə ˈbaɪndɪŋ ˈɔlsoʊ maɪ kæps lɑk ki tɪ ækt ɛz sɪns nɑt ˈjuzɪŋ kæps lɑk ˈɛniˌweɪz. ðɪs əˈlaʊz mi tɪ ˈnaɪsli ˈtrɪgər maɪ ˈprifɪks ki ˈkɑmˌboʊ. tɪ ʧeɪnʤ jʊr ˈprifɪks frəm tɪ ˈsɪmpli æd ˈfɑloʊɪŋ laɪnz tɪ jʊr: ˈprifɪks frəm 'c-b*' tɪ 'c-a*' -ʤi ˈprifɪks seɪn splɪt kəˈmændz əˈnəðər θɪŋ aɪ ˈpərsənəli faɪnd kwaɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ɪz ðə peɪn ˈsplɪtɪŋ kəˈmændz. aɪ min, ˈsɪriəsli? tɪ splɪt ˈvərtɪkli ənd tɪ splɪt ˌhɔrɪˈzɑntəli? səˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈmɛmərˌaɪz ðət? aɪ faɪnd ɪt ˈhɛlpfəl tɪ hæv ðə ˈkɛrɪktərz ɛz ə ˈvɪʒəwəl ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən əv ðə splɪt, soʊ aɪ ʧoʊz ənd fər ˈsplɪtɪŋ peɪnz: splɪt peɪnz ˈjuzɪŋ ənd baɪnd -eɪʧ baɪnd -vi ˈizi ˌriˈloʊdz sɪns ɛkˈspɛrəˌmɛntɪŋ kwaɪt ˈɔfən wɪθ maɪ aɪ wɔnt tɪ riˈloʊd ðə ˈizəli. ðɪs ɪz waɪ aɪ hæv ə kəˈmænd tɪ riˈloʊd maɪ ɔn ɑr riˈloʊd faɪl (ʧeɪnʤ faɪl loʊˈkeɪʃən tɪ jʊr ðə ju wɔnt tɪ juz) baɪnd ɑr fæst sˈwɪʧɪŋ bɪtˈwin peɪnz ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst ˈfrikˌwɛnt tæsks wɪn ˈjuzɪŋ. ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɪt ʃʊd bi ɛz ˈizi ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. nɑt kwaɪt fɑnd əv ˈtrɪgərɪŋ ðə ˈprifɪks ki ɔl ðə taɪm. aɪ wɔnt tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈsɪmpli seɪ m-<direction*> tɪ goʊ wɛr aɪ wɔnt tɪ goʊ (rɪˈmɛmbər: ɛm ɪz fər ˈmitə wɪʧ ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli jʊr ɑlt ki). wɪθ ðɪs ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃən aɪ kən ˈsɪmpli prɛs tɪ goʊ tɪ ðə lɛft peɪn (ənd ˈəðər dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz rɪˈspɛktɪvli): swɪʧ peɪnz ˈjuzɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ˈprifɪks baɪnd -ɛn -ɛl baɪnd -ɛn -ɑr baɪnd -ɛn -ju baɪnd -ɛn -di maʊs moʊd ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈklɪrli ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɔn ˈjusɪʤ (ənd ðɪs ɪz ˈsərtənli ðə moʊst ɪˈfɪʃənt weɪ əv ˌɪnərˈæktɪŋ wɪθ jʊr ˈtərmənəl) ɪt kən bi ˈhɛlpfəl tɪ ɪˈneɪbəl maʊs ˌɪnərˈækʃən wɪθ. ðɪs ɪz əˈspɛʃəli ˈhɛlpfəl ɪf ju faɪnd ˈjɔrsɛlf ɪn ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɛr ˈəðərz hæv tɪ wərk wɪθ jʊr ənd ˈnæʧərəli hæv ə klu əˈbaʊt jʊr ki ˈbaɪndɪŋz ər ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl. pɛr ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ maɪt bi wən əv ðoʊz ɔˈkeɪʒənz wɛr ðɪs ˈhæpənz kwaɪt ˈfrikwɛntli. ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ maʊs moʊd əˈlaʊz ju tɪ səˈlɛkt ˈwɪndoʊz ənd ˈdɪfərənt peɪnz baɪ ˈsɪmpli ˈklɪkɪŋ ɔn ðɛm. faʊnd ðət ðɪs maɪt mɛs ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt wɪθ ˈsɪmpli səˈlɛktɪŋ tɛkst ɪn jʊr ˈtərmənəl ˈjuzɪŋ ðə maʊs. ju maɪt ɪkˈspɪriəns ðə seɪm, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn jʊr ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. soʊ ju ʃʊd kənˈsɪdər ɪf ðɪs kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ wərθ ɪt fər jʊr juz keɪs: ɪˈneɪbəl maʊs kənˈtroʊl ˈwɪndoʊz, peɪnz, peɪnz) sɛt -ʤi ɔn sɛt -ʤi ɔn sɛt -ʤi ɔn ˈəpˌdeɪt fər ɛz ʤɑn ˈlɪli ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts, maʊs moʊd həz bɪn riˈrɪtən ɪn wəns ju ər ɔn (ər ˈleɪtər) ju kən ˈæktəˌveɪt ðə nu maʊs moʊd wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl kəˈmænd: ɪˈneɪbəl maʊs moʊd ənd əˈbəv) sɛt -ʤi maʊs ɔn ðə nu moʊd ɪz ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ɔl ðə oʊld maʊs ˈɔpʃənz ənd ˈfɪksɪz ðə tɛkst səˈlɛkʃən ˈɪʃuz ɛz wɛl. stɑp riˈneɪmɪŋ ˈwɪndoʊz ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli aɪ laɪk tɪ gɪv maɪ ˈwɪndoʊz ˈkəstəm neɪmz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ki. ðɪs hɛlps mi ˈneɪmɪŋ maɪ ˈwɪndoʊz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈkɑntɛkst ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn. baɪ dɪˈfɔlt wɪl ˈəpˌdeɪt ðə ˈwɪndoʊ ˈtaɪtəl ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə læst ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd kəˈmænd wɪˈθɪn ðət ˈwɪndoʊ. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ prɪˈvɛnt frəm ˈoʊvərˌraɪdɪŋ maɪ ˈwaɪzli ˈʧoʊzən ˈwɪndoʊ neɪmz aɪ wɔnt tɪ səˈprɛs ðɪs bɪˈheɪvjər: doʊnt riˈneɪm ˈwɪndoʊz ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli -ʤi ɔf ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə lʊk əv ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə ˈkələrz ənd dɪˈzaɪn əv ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ðən wət pərˈzɛnəd soʊ fɑr. wɔnt tɪ gɪv ə kənˈsɪstənt lʊk wɪʧ ɪz waɪ ju moʊst ˈlaɪkli hæv tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə lʊks əv kwaɪt ə lɔt əv ˈɛləmənts dɪˈspleɪz. ðɪs ɪz waɪ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə dɪˈzaɪn ˈɔfən rɪˈzəlt ɪn ˈplɛnti əv laɪnz ɪn jʊr. aɪ kən ˈoʊnli ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd tɪ pʊt ðiz ˈɪntu ðɛr oʊn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪəbəl ˈsɛkʃən wɪˈθɪn jʊr tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðɪs blɑk əv wɪˈθaʊt ˈrɪpɪŋ aʊt səm əv jʊr ˈprɛʃəs ˈkəstəm ki ˈbaɪndɪŋz. ˈjuzɪŋ ˈkɑmɛnts, ˈstɑrtɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈkɛrɪktər tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈvɪzəbəl wɛr ðə dɪˈzaɪn ˈʧeɪnʤɪz stɑrt. ˈkrɛdɪt wɛr ˈkrɛdɪt ɪz du: aɪ dɪd nɑt kriˈeɪt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ dɪˈzaɪn. wɑz soʊ kaɪnd tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ ɪt ɔn soʊ hɪz ˈɛfərt ənd ɔl θæŋks hæv tɪ goʊ aʊt tɪ ɪm. θæŋks! dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn jʊr ˈkələr skim ˈjuzɪŋ base16-ocean-dark*) jʊr rɪˈzəltɪŋ wɪl lʊk ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðɪs: dɪˈzaɪn ˈʧeɪnʤɪz laʊd ər kwaɪət? -ʤi ɔf -ʤi ɔf -ʤi ɔf -ʤi ɔf -ʤi nən moʊdz -ʤi -ʤi boʊld -ʤi -ʤi peɪnz sɛt -ʤi sɛt -ʤi sɛt -ʤi sɛt -ʤi sɛt -ʤi ˈbɑtəm sɛt -ʤi lɛft sɛt -ʤi sɛt -ʤi sɛt -ʤi dɪm sɛt -ʤi sɛt -ʤi '#[fg=colour233,bg=colour19,bold*] #[fg=colour233,bg=colour8,bold*] sɛt -ʤi 50 sɛt -ʤi 20 -ʤi -ʤi -ʤi boʊld -ʤi -ʤi -ʤi -ʤi nən -ʤi -ʤi boʊld -ʤi -ʤi ˈmɛsɪʤɪz sɛt -ʤi boʊld sɛt -ʤi sɛt -ʤi ə wərd əv ˈkɔʃən aɪ tʊk kɛr əv ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ənd ˈdɑkjəmənɪŋ ɔl səˈʤɛstɪd ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðɪs poʊst tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈizi fər ju tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd wət ðeɪ du ənd tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ɪf ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ju wɔnt fər jʊr ɛz wɛl. ɪf ju du jʊr əˈmaʊnt əv ˈrisərʧ ɔn ðə wɛb ju wɪl faɪnd ˈplɛnti əv ˈhɛvəli ˈkəstəˌmaɪzd kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃənz. ˈrɪli ˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ ʤɪst ˈkɑpi ðoʊz ənd kɔl ɪt ə deɪ. pliz, fər jʊr oʊn seɪk, du ðət. trəst mi, bɪn ðɛr. aɪ kən ˈoʊnli ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðət ju stɑrt aʊt wɪθ ə pleɪn kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ənd æd ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz wən baɪ wən. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ju ər ˈfʊli ˈkɑnʃəs əv ɔl ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ju hæv meɪd. ənd ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ ju wɪl ˈæˌkʧuəli lərn ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ. ðət sɛd: goʊ əˈhɛd ənd lʊk əp faɪlz ˈəðərz hæv ˈpəblɪʃt. teɪk ðiz ɛz sɔrs əv ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən ənd ʧuz ˈwaɪzli wət ju wɔnt tɪ teɪk fər jʊr oʊn. ðɛr ɪz səm ˈrɪli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ stəf aʊt ðɛr. sin ˈpipəl duɪŋ pjʊr ˈmæʤɪk wɪθ ðɛr ˈstætəs bɑrz, dɪˈspleɪɪŋ ɔl kaɪnz əv ˈsɪstəm ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət maɪt bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ. tɪ əˈplaɪ ðoʊz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz moʊst ˈlaɪkli ɪkˈsid ðə ˈsɪmpəl pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ðɪs poʊst. ˈɔfən ðɛr ər ˈspɛʃəl skrɪpts ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ðət nid tɪ bi ˈloʊdɪd, əˈkəmpənid baɪ ˈməltəpəl laɪnz əv kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. aɪ wɔnt tɪ dɪˈskərɪʤ ju frəm ˈjuzɪŋ ðiz. ʤɪst bi əˈwɛr ðət ðɪs ɪz ə mɔr ədˈvænst ˈtɑpɪk wɛr ju kən ˈsərtənli skru səm stəf əp. meɪk ʃʊr tɪ ˈbæˌkəp jʊr əˈkɔrdɪŋli. ˈfərðər ˈrisɔrsɪz ɛz ɔˈrɛdi toʊld ju, ðɛr ər ˈplɛnti əv ˈrisɔrsɪz aʊt ðɛr wɛr ju kən faɪnd ˈpipəl prɪˈzɛntɪŋ ðɛr ɪn ə ˈsɪmələr ˈfæʃən tɪ wət dən hir. fil fri tɪ braʊz ənd sərʧ fər ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən. ˈpərsənəli aɪ ləv ˈrɛdɪŋ ˈəðər blɔg poʊsts əˈbaʊt ðɛr configs*. ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə greɪt sɔrs. ˈsɪmpli sərʧ fər ““tmux.conf”*” ər ˈriˌpoʊz kɔld ““dotfiles”*” tɪ faɪnd ə væst əˈmaʊnt əv kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃənz ðət ər aʊt ðɛr. ɪf əˈspɛʃəli ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈθimɪŋ ˈɔpʃənz, aɪ kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ˈhævɪŋ ə lʊk æt (sfw*, ɪn spaɪt əv ɪts ˈtaɪtəl). ə greɪt pleɪs wɛr ˈpipəl ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs ðɛr ənd ˈhɛvəli θimd ˈjunɪks ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts. səm stəf ɪz ˈrɪli nis, səm ˈəðər stəf ɪz ˈoʊnli ˈprɪti bət ˈmoʊstli dɪsˈfəŋkʃənəl. frəm taɪm tɪ taɪm ju faɪnd ˈpipəl ˈʃɛrɪŋ ðɛr ɛz wɛl, ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈlɪbərətli sərʧ fər ðə tərm ““tmux.conf”*” tɪ faɪnd wət ˈlʊkɪŋ fər. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ faɪnd maɪ kəmˈplit (əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈəðər kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən faɪlz ˈjuzɪŋ ɔn maɪ ˈsɪstəmz) ɔn maɪ ˈpərsɪnəl ˈripoʊ ɔn. ˈfʊtˌnoʊts
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9 minutes read
in my previous blog post i gave a quick and easy introduction to tmux and explained how to use tmux with a basic configuration.
if you’ve followed that guide you might have had a feeling that many people have when working with tmux for the first time: “these key combinations are really awkward!”. rest assured, you’re not alone. judging from the copious blog posts and dotfiles repos on github there are many people out there who feel the urge to make tmux behave a little different; to make it more comfortable to use.
and actually it’s quite easy to customize the look and feel of tmux. let me tell you something about the basics of customizing tmux and share some of the configurations i find most useful.
customizing tmux
customizing tmux is as easy as editing a text file. tmux uses a file called tmux.conf to store its configuration. if you store that file as ~/.tmux.conf (note: there’s a period as the first character in the file name. it’s a hidden file) tmux will pick this configuration file for your current user. if you want to share a configuration for multiple users (e.g. if you should feel the urge to start tmux as super user (please think about this carefully!)) you can also put your tmux.conf into a system-wide directory. the location of this directory will be different accross different operating systems. the man page ( man tmux ) will tell you the exact location, just have a look at documentation for the -f parameter.
less awkward prefix keys
probably the most common change among tmux users is to change the prefix from the rather awkward c-b to something that’s a little more accessible. personally i’m using c-a instead but note that this might interfere with bash’s “go to beginning of line” command. on top of the c-a binding i’ve also remapped my caps lock key to act as ctrl since i’m not using caps lock anyways. this allows me to nicely trigger my prefix key combo.
to change your prefix from c-b to c-a , simply add following lines to your tmux.conf:
# remap prefix from 'c-b' to 'c-a' unbind c-b set-option -g prefix c-a bind-key c-a send-prefix
sane split commands
another thing i personally find quite difficult to remember is the pane splitting commands. i mean, seriously? " to split vertically and % to split horizontally? who’s supposed to memorize that? i find it helpful to have the characters as a visual representation of the split, so i chose | and - for splitting panes:
# split panes using | and - bind | split-window -h bind - split-window -v unbind '"' unbind %
easy config reloads
since i’m experimenting quite often with my tmux.conf i want to reload the config easily. this is why i have a command to reload my config on r :
# reload config file (change file location to your the tmux.conf you want to use) bind r source-file ~/.tmux.conf
fast pane-switching
switching between panes is one of the most frequent tasks when using tmux. therefore it should be as easy as possible. i’m not quite fond of triggering the prefix key all the time. i want to be able to simply say m-<direction> to go where i want to go (remember: m is for meta , which is usually your alt key). with this modification i can simply press alt-left to go to the left pane (and other directions respectively):
# switch panes using alt-arrow without prefix bind -n m-left select-pane -l bind -n m-right select-pane -r bind -n m-up select-pane -u bind -n m-down select-pane -d
mouse mode
although tmux clearly focuses on keyboard-only usage (and this is certainly the most efficient way of interacting with your terminal) it can be helpful to enable mouse interaction with tmux. this is especially helpful if you find yourself in a situation where others have to work with your tmux config and naturally don’t have a clue about your key bindings or tmux in general. pair programming might be one of those occasions where this happens quite frequently.
enabling mouse mode allows you to select windows and different panes by simply clicking on them. i’ve found that this might mess a little bit with simply selecting text in your terminal using the mouse. you might experience the same, depending on your environment. so you should consider if this configuration is something that’s worth it for your use case:
# enable mouse control (clickable windows, panes, resizable panes) set -g mouse-select-window on set -g mouse-select-pane on set -g mouse-resize-pane on
update for tmux 2.1:
as jon lillie pointed out in the comments, mouse mode has been rewritten in tmux 2.1. once you are on tmux 2.1 (or later) you can activate the new mouse mode with a single command:
# enable mouse mode (tmux 2.1 and above) set -g mouse on
the new mode is a combination of all the old mouse options and fixes the text selection issues as well.
stop renaming windows automatically
i like to give my tmux windows custom names using the , key. this helps me naming my windows according to the context they’re focusing on. by default tmux will update the window title automatically depending on the last executed command within that window. in order to prevent tmux from overriding my wisely chosen window names i want to suppress this behavior:
# don't rename windows automatically set-option -g allow-rename off
changing the look of tmux
changing the colors and design of tmux is a little more complex than what i’ve presented so far. you’ll want tmux to give a consistent look which is why you most likely have to change the looks of quite a lot of elements tmux displays. this is why changes to the design often result in plenty of lines in your config. i can only recommend to put these into their own identifiable section within your tmux.conf to be able to change this block of config without accidentaly ripping out some of your precious custom key bindings. i’m using comments, starting with a # character to make it visible where the design changes start.
credit where credit is due: i did not create the following design. /u/dothebarbwa was so kind to publish it on /r/unixporn so it’s his effort and all thanks have to go out to him. thanks!
depending on your color scheme (i’m using base16-ocean-dark) your resulting tmux will look something like this:
###################### ### design changes ### ###################### # loud or quiet? set-option -g visual-activity off set-option -g visual-bell off set-option -g visual-silence off set-window-option -g monitor-activity off set-option -g bell-action none # modes setw -g clock-mode-colour colour5 setw -g mode-attr bold setw -g mode-fg colour1 setw -g mode-bg colour18 # panes set -g pane-border-bg colour0 set -g pane-border-fg colour19 set -g pane-active-border-bg colour0 set -g pane-active-border-fg colour9 # statusbar set -g status-position bottom set -g status-justify left set -g status-bg colour18 set -g status-fg colour137 set -g status-attr dim set -g status-left '' set -g status-right '#[fg=colour233,bg=colour19,bold] %d/%m #[fg=colour233,bg=colour8,bold] %h:%m:%s ' set -g status-right-length 50 set -g status-left-length 20 setw -g window-status-current-fg colour1 setw -g window-status-current-bg colour19 setw -g window-status-current-attr bold setw -g window-status-current-format ' #i#[fg=colour249]:#[fg=colour255]#w#[fg=colour249]#f ' setw -g window-status-fg colour9 setw -g window-status-bg colour18 setw -g window-status-attr none setw -g window-status-format ' #i#[fg=colour237]:#[fg=colour250]#w#[fg=colour244]#f ' setw -g window-status-bell-attr bold setw -g window-status-bell-fg colour255 setw -g window-status-bell-bg colour1 # messages set -g message-attr bold set -g message-fg colour232 set -g message-bg colour16
a word of caution
i took care of explaining and documenting all suggested changes in this post to make it easy for you to understand what they do and to decide if this is something you want for your tmux.conf as well.
if you do your amount of research on the web you will find plenty of heavily customized tmux configurations. it’s really tempting to just copy those and call it a day. please, for your own sake, don’t do that. trust me, i’ve been there. i can only recommend that you start out with a plain tmux configuration and add modifications one by one. this is the only way to ensure that you are fully conscious of all the changes you have made. and this is the only way you will actually learn something about tmux along the way. that said: go ahead and look up config files others have published. take these as source of inspiration and choose wisely what you want to take for your own config.
there is some really interesting stuff out there. i’ve seen people doing pure magic with their status bars, displaying all kinds of system information that might be interesting. to apply those changes you’ll most likely exceed the simple one-liners i’ve presented in this post. often there are special scripts involved that need to be loaded, accompanied by multiple lines of configuration changes. i don’t want to discourage you from using these. just be aware that this is a more advanced topic where you can certainly screw some stuff up. make sure to backup your config accordingly.
further resources
as i’ve already told you, there are plenty of resources out there where you can find people presenting their tmux.confs in a similar fashion to what i’ve done here. feel free to browse and search for inspiration. personally i love reading other people’s blog posts about their tmux configs.
github is also a great source. simply search for “tmux.conf” or repos called “dotfiles” to find a vast amount of configurations that are out there.
if you’re especially looking for theming options, i can also recommend having a look at /r/unixporn (sfw, in spite of its title). it’s a great place where people showcase their fine-tuned and heavily themed unix environments. some stuff is really nice, some other stuff is only pretty but mostly dysfunctional. from time to time you find people sharing their tmux.conf as well, you can also deliberately search for the term “tmux.conf” to find what you’re looking for.
you can also find my complete tmux.conf (along with other configuration files i’m using on my systems) on my personal dotfiles repo on github.
footnotes
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monsanto’s* əˈbaʊt tɪ ˈsɛləˌbreɪt ðɛr ˈbɪgəst ku ˈɛvər, bət gɑt ənˈtɪl ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd tɪ stɑp ðɛm. ðə ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp ɪz ə juʤ, dil əˈməŋ twɛlv ˈmeɪʤər ˈkəntriz ðət wʊd gɪv ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd paʊər əˈlaʊɪŋ ðɛm tɪ juz nu ˈgloʊbəl ˌtraɪˈbjunəlz tɪ su ɑr ˈgəvərnmənts fər ˈpæsɪŋ lɔz ðət prəˈtɛkt ˈjuˈɛs, bət rɪˈdus ðɛr ˈprɑfɪts! ðɪs əˈplaɪz tɪ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm ˈleɪbəlɪŋ fudz tɪ prəˈtɛktɪŋ ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈfridəm. həz ˈbroʊkən ðə ˈstɔri ənd ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ɪz ˈbɪldɪŋ fæst, bət ðə ˈkəntriz ər ˈrəʃɪŋ tɪ ɪŋk ðə dil ɪn 48 aʊərz. ðɪs ɪz ˌɪnˈseɪn, bət wi hæv ə ʧæns tɪ stɑp ɪt ɔl 12 ˈkəntriz nid tɪ əˈgri, ənd 3 ər ˈwɑbəlɪŋ. ɪf wi ˈdɛljuʤ ˈlidərz ɪn ˈʧɪli, nu ˈzilənd ənd ɔˈstreɪljə wɪθ ə ˈgloʊbəl kɔl tɪ stænd strɔŋ, wi kən stɑp ðɪs ˈkɔrpərət ˈteɪˌkoʊvər ˌbiˈfɔr ˌmɑnˈsæntoʊ ənˈkɔrks ðə ʃæmˈpeɪn. saɪn əp naʊ ənd ʃɛr ðɪs wɪθ ˈɛvriˌwən!
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monsanto’s about to celebrate their biggest coup ever, but we’ve got until the weekend to stop them.
the trans-pacific partnership is a huge, ultra-secret deal among twelve major countries that would give corporations unprecedented power - allowing them to use new global tribunals to sue our governments for passing laws that protect us, but reduce their profits! this applies to everything from labeling gmo foods to protecting internet freedom. wikileaks has broken the story and opposition is building fast, but the countries are rushing to ink the deal in 48 hours.
this is insane, but we have a chance to stop it -- all 12 countries need to agree, and 3 are wobbling. if we deluge leaders in chile, new zealand and australia with a global call to stand strong, we can stop this corporate takeover mega-deal before monsanto uncorks the champagne. sign up now and share this with everyone!
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ə ˈnæʃvɪl mæn pʊld ə gən ɔn ðə stæf əv ə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt wɪn ðeɪ gɑt hɪz ˈɔrdər rɔŋ, seɪ pəˈlis. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ nuz, ˈʤɑnsən pʊld θru ðə ˈwɪndoʊ læst ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ ənd pleɪst ənd rɪˈsivd ən ˈɔrdər. ˈmoʊmənts ˈleɪtər, hi rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðə ənd kəmˈpleɪnd ðət hɪz ˈɔrdər wɑz ˈmɪsɪŋ ə ˈdəbəl ˈʧizbərgər. ðə ɪmˈplɔɪi ˈwərkɪŋ ðə ˈwɪndoʊ æst ˈʤɑnsən tɪ pɑrk hɪz kɑr ənd ðeɪ wʊd brɪŋ ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈbərgər aʊt tɪ ɪm. ˈʤɑnsən rɪˈpɔrtədli flu ˈɪntu ə reɪʤ ənd stɔrmd ˈɪntu ðə ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˈweɪvɪŋ ə ˈhændˌgən. hi ənd θri ˈwɪmən hu wər hɪz ˈpæsənʤərz dɪˈmændɪd ðət ɪmˈplɔɪiz fɪks ðɛr ˈɔrdər ənd səˈplaɪ ðɛm wɪθ frɛʃ ˈɔrdərz əv frɛnʧ fraɪz ənd drɪŋks. ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ɪmˈplɔɪiz dɪd ɛz ˈʤɑnsən rɪkˈwɛstɪd. hi ənd hɪz kəmˈpænjənz lɛft ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd ɪmˈplɔɪiz kɔld ðə pəˈlis. pəˈlis dɪˈtɛktɪvz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈʤɑnsən frəm sərˈveɪləns ˈfʊtɪʤ əv ðə ˈɪnsədənt. ðə ˈnæʃvɪl mæn ɪz ˈwɔntɪd ɔn ˈfɛləni ˈægrəˌveɪtɪd əˈsɔlt ˈʧɑrʤɪz. wɔʧ ˈvɪdioʊ əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈstɔri, ɛmˈbɛdɪd bɪˈloʊ:
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a 21-year-old nashville man pulled a gun on the staff of a mcdonald’s restaurant when they got his order wrong, say police.
according to wkrn news, demetri johnson pulled through the drive-through window last thursday morning and placed and received an order.
moments later, he returned to the drive-through and complained that his order was missing a double cheeseburger. the employee working the window asked johnson to park his car and they would bring the missing burger out to him.
johnson reportedly flew into a rage and stormed into the restaurant waving a handgun. he and three women who were his passengers demanded that employees fix their order and supply them with fresh orders of french fries and drinks.
restaurant employees did as johnson requested. he and his companions left the building and mcdonald’s employees called the police.
police detectives identified johnson from surveillance footage of the incident. the nashville man is wanted on felony aggravated assault charges.
watch video about this story, embedded below:
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ðɪs ˈpeɪpər ˈprɛzənts ˈɛvədəns ðət ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsiz əv dɪˈsɔrdər (adhd*) ər ˈdrɪvən ˈlɑrʤli baɪ səˈbʤɛktɪv kəmˈpɛrəsənz əˈkrɔs ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ðə seɪm greɪd ɪn skul. ˈrəfli pərˈsɛnt əv ˈʧɪldrən bɔrn ɪn ðə mənθ praɪər tɪ ðɛr steɪts ˈkəˌtɔf deɪt fər ˈkɪndərˌgɑrtən ˌɛlɪʤəˈbɪlɪti hu ˈtɪpɪkəli bɪˈkəm ðə ˈjəŋgəst ənd moʊst dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛnəli ˌɪməˈtjʊr ˈʧɪldrən wɪˈθɪn ə greɪd ər ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst wɪθ, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ pərˈsɛnt əv ˈʧɪldrən bɔrn ɪn ðə mənθ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈæftərwərd. ə ʧaɪldz bərθ deɪt ˈrɛlətɪv tɪ ðə ˌɛlɪʤəˈbɪlɪti ˈkəˌtɔf ˈɔlsoʊ ˈstrɔŋli ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz teachers’*’ əˈsɛsmənts əv ˈwɛðər ðə ʧaɪld ɪgˈzɪbəts ˈsɪmptəmz bət ɪz ˈoʊnli ˈwikli əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈsɪmələrli ˈmɛʒərd pərˈɛntəl əˈsɛsmənts, səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ˈmɛni ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊsiz meɪ bi ˈdrɪvən baɪ teachers’*’ pərˈsɛpʃənz əv pur bɪˈheɪvjər əˈməŋ ðə ˈjəŋgəst ˈʧɪldrən ɪn ə ˈklæsˌrum. ðiz pərˈsɛpʃənz hæv ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz: ðə ˈjəŋgəst ˈʧɪldrən ɪn fɪθ ənd eɪθ greɪdz ər ˈnɪrli twaɪs ɛz ˈlaɪkli ɛz ðɛr ˈoʊldər ˈklæsˌmeɪts tɪ ˈrɛgjələrli juz ˈstɪmjələnts priˈskraɪbd tɪ trit.
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this paper presents evidence that diagnoses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) are driven largely by subjective comparisons across children in the same grade in school. roughly 8.4 percent of children born in the month prior to their state's cutoff date for kindergarten eligibility – who typically become the youngest and most developmentally immature children within a grade – are diagnosed with adhd, compared to 5.1 percent of children born in the month immediately afterward. a child's birth date relative to the eligibility cutoff also strongly influences teachers’ assessments of whether the child exhibits adhd symptoms but is only weakly associated with similarly measured parental assessments, suggesting that many diagnoses may be driven by teachers’ perceptions of poor behavior among the youngest children in a classroom. these perceptions have long-lasting consequences: the youngest children in fifth and eighth grades are nearly twice as likely as their older classmates to regularly use stimulants prescribed to treat adhd.
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səˈpɔrt mi ɔn ənd gɪt ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənəl ˈvɪdioʊz, ənd ˈəðər əˈveɪləbəl hir fər ðə ˈɛldrɪʧ mun sɛt əv ˈmæʤɪk: ðə ˈgæðərɪŋ. ðə həz kəm ðə ənd ɪts ˈprɛzəns həz bɪn mˈjuteɪtɪŋ ðə ˈbɑdiz ənd maɪndz əv ðə pleɪnz ˌɪnˈhæbɪtənts. ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˈeɪnʤəlz avarcyn*, ˈbrunə ənd ˈgizələ. ðɪs pis ɪz hɪt ənd mɪs fər mi, aɪ laɪk ðə ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən, wɪŋz ənd ˈvɛriəs ˈəðər bɪts bət ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən ɪz dodgy*. səm əv ðət ɪz du tɪ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz rikˈwaɪərd bɪtˈwin skɛʧ ənd ˈfaɪnəl wɪʧ rikˈwaɪərd ə ˌridɪˈzaɪn əv ðə mun ɪz ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ ðə nu mɛld mɪˈkænɪk ðət əˈlaʊz ju tɪ ˈkɑmbaɪn tu ˈkɛrɪktərz ˈɪntu wən wɪθ ðɪs ˈbrunə biɪŋ pɑrt əv ðət. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ dɪd ðə ˈəðər tu, ʤɪˈsɛlə ənd ðə ˈmɛldɪd soʊ ʧɛk ðɛm aʊt ˈɔlsoʊ.
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support me on patreon and get instructional videos, psds and other goodies!print available here for the eldritch moon set of magic: the gathering. the uber-baddy emrakul has come the innistrad and it's presence has been mutating the bodies and minds of the plane's inhabitants. including the legendary angels avarcyn, bruna and gisela. this piece is hit and miss for me, i like the composition, wings and various other bits but the overall execution is dodgy. some of that is due to significant changes required between sketch and final which required a redesign of the character.eldritch moon is introducing the new meld mechanic that allows you to combine two characters into one with this bruna being part of that. i also did the other two, gisella and the melded brisela so check them out also.
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panna* ˈkɑtə ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˈizi ˈrɛsəpi. ɪt ɪz ɛz ˈvərsətəl ɛz brulé*é i ər pɑt də ðə beɪs ɪz ʤɪst ə ˈdɛri wɪθ ə ˈeɪʤənt laɪk ˈeɪgər ər ˈʤɛlətən. ju kən kriˈeɪt jʊr oʊn ˈsɪgnəʧər ˈvərʒən baɪ ˈædɪŋ jʊr oʊn twɪst tɪ ɪt. ju kən juz ˈdɪfərənt ˈfleɪvərz laɪk roʊz, ˈstrɔˌbɛri, ˈpɛpərˌmɪnt, ˈmoʊkə ər ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈseɪvəri ˈfleɪvər ðət ju kən ˌɪˈmæʤən. ɪt ɪz ə tru ˈkjulɪˌnɛri kəˈmiliən. ˌɪnˈgridiənts jildz: 6 1 kəp ˈhɛvi krim 3 kəps hæf ənd hæf 1 kəp ˈpaʊdərd ˈʃʊgər 1 vəˈnɪlə ˈɛkˌstrækt kəp ˈwɔtər 2 roʊz peɪst 1 vəˈnɪlə ˈɛkˌstrækt 5 ˈeɪgər ˈeɪgər 4 ˈsɪrəp 2 ˈpiˌnət krəʃt dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz ɪn ə smɔl boʊl, dɪˈzɑlv ðə ˈeɪgər ˈeɪgər ɪn ðə ˈwɔtər. sɛt əˈsaɪd. ɪn ə ˈsɔˌspæn, ˈkɑmbaɪn ðə ˈpaʊdərd ˈʃʊgər, hæf ənd hæf ənd ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈhɛvi krim. brɪŋ tɪ ə nɪr bɔɪl. ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli æd ðə dɪˈzɑlvd ˈeɪgər krim ˈmɪksʧər ənd wɪsk ˈkɑnstəntli. riˈmuv frəm ðə hit. æd ðə vəˈnɪlə ˈɛkˌstrækt ənd ðə roʊz peɪst. pɔr ðə ˈlɪkwɪd ˈɪntu ˈmɪni ramekins*. wɪn ðə ˈlɪkwɪd ɪz fərm, iʧ glæs ənd ʧɪl fər æt list 2 aʊərz ɪn ðə rɪˈfrɪʤərˌeɪtər ər ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt. riˈmuv ˈkɑtə frəm ðə rɪˈfrɪʤərˌeɪtər. dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn wət ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən jʊd laɪk, dɪp ðə ˈbɑtəmz əv ðə ˈglæsɪz ˈɪntu ə wɔrm ˈwɔtər bæθ fər ə fju ˈsɛkəndz. tərn aʊt ðə ˈkɑtə fɔrmz ˈɔntu ˈsərvɪŋ pleɪts ər sərv dɪˈrɛkli ɪn ðə ˈglæsɪz. ˈdrɪzəl ðə ˈkɑtə wɪθ ˈsɪrəp. ˈdɛkərˌeɪt wɪθ krəʃt. bɑn appétit*! tɪps ˈsɪrəp ɪz ə swit, rɛd θɪk ˈsɪrəp meɪd frəm ˌpɑməˈgrænət. ɪts ˈkɑmən ɪn fræns bət nɑt soʊ əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs. əm ˈləki ðət maɪ ˈloʊkəl ˈmɑrkɪt ˈkɛriz ɪt. ˈsɪrəp ɪz ˈɔpʃənəl, aɪ ʤɪst laɪk ðə əˈdɪʃənəl əv ə ˈfruti strɔŋ teɪst tɪ ðə ˈkɑtə. ɪf ju ˌdɪˈsaɪd nɑt tɪ æd ə ˈsɪrəp, ˌɪnˈkris ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈʃʊgər tɪ ðə ˈkɑtə. ər ə frɛnʧ ˈspɛʃəlti. ðə ˈstɔri bɪˈhaɪnd ðɛm ɪz ðət ðə duk əv ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd ðə trit ɛz ə minz tɪ sɪˈdus ˈwɪmən ɪn ðə rɔɪəl kɔrt. ər nəts ðət ər ˈkoʊtɪd wɪθ ðɛn ˈkɛrəməˌlaɪzd. ju kən pɛr ðɛm wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈseɪvəri ˈdɪʃɪz səʧ ɛz dək baɪ ˈædɪŋ ðɛm ˈɪntu ðə gleɪz. aɪ pɪkt ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv hæf ənd hæf ənd ˈhɛvi krim bət ju kən æd ˈɛni ˈdɛri ðət ju prɪˈfər ɪf ju wɔnt ə ˈkrimiər ər tɑrt ˈfleɪvər laɪk fraîche*, ˈbətərˌmɪlk ər mɪlk ɪf jʊr hɛlθ ˈkɑnʃəs. waɪl ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ðə mɪlk ənd krim tɪ bɔɪl, ju hæv tɪ bi ˈvɛri ˈkɛrfəl. doʊnt goʊ ˈɛniˌwɛr ɛls. ɪf ðə foʊn rɪŋz ər ˈsəmˌwənz æt ðə dɔr, lɛt ɪt bi. ju ˈgɑtə ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn jʊr mɪlk ənd krim ˈəðərˌwaɪz jul bi ˈklinɪŋ jʊr stoʊv ənd ˈskreɪpɪŋ ðə bərnt mɪlk ɔl naɪt lɔŋ. ɛz sun ɛz səm ˈbəbəlz kəm əp, riˈmuv frəm ðə stoʊv. ˈeɪgər ˈeɪgər ˈpaʊdər ɪz ə gʊd ˈʤɛlətən ˈsəbstəˌtut fər ˈvɛgənz ənd ˌvɛʤəˈtɛˌriənz. ɪt ɪz dəraɪvd frəm ənd ɪz kʊkt ðə seɪm weɪ ju wʊd juz ˈʤɛlətən ˈpaʊdər. ɪt ɪz ˈwaɪdli juzd ɪn ˈeɪʒə. aɪ baɪ ðə peɪsts. ðɛr ər roʊz, ˈmoʊkə ənd ˈfleɪvərz. ɪf jʊr ædˈvɛnʧərəs, ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ traɪ ðə peɪst. ʧɛk aʊt maɪ roʊz mɔlt ˈkʊkiz. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ juz ˈdɪfərənt ʃeɪpt moʊldz fər ðə ˈkɑtə tɪ ə ˈdɪfərənt ɛsˈθɛtɪk, laɪk ðə wən fər maɪ viˌɛtnɑˈmis ˈʤɛloʊ keɪk. ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ tɪlt ðə ˈglæsɪz tɪ hæv ðə ˈprɑdəkt sɛt æt ən ˈæŋgəl laɪk aɪ dɪd fər maɪ ˈseɪvəri ˈkɑtə. sˈlaɪtli tɪlt ðə ˈglæsɪz tɪ gɪt ðə ˈprɪti ˈifɛkt, ðɛn ju kən fɪl ɪt wɪθ ə rɛd ˈkələr frut ˈʤɛloʊ ˈɪntu ðə glæs ənd tɔp ɪt wɪθ ˈkrənʧi. aɪ juz maɪ tɪ tɪlt ənd hoʊld ðə ˈglæsɪz. weɪt ənˈtɪl ðə ˈlɪkwɪd kulz daʊn kəmˈplitli ˌbiˈfɔr ðə dɪˈzərt. ðeɪ ʃʊd bi ə ˈlɪtəl jiggly*. ðɛm fər æt list 2 aʊərz hɛlps kriˈeɪt ə ˈfərmər kənˈsɪstənsi. ˈʤækəlɪn fæm ˈeɪprəl 16 2009 ɔn
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panna cotta is a very easy recipe. it is as versatile as crème brulé e or pot de crème . the base is just a dairy with a gelling agent like agar or gelatin. you can create your own signature version by adding your own twist to it. you can use different flavors like rose, strawberry, pandan , peppermint, mocha or any other savory flavor that you can imagine. it is a true culinary chameleon.
ingredients
yields: 6
1 cup heavy cream
3 cups half and half
1 cup powdered sugar
1 1/2 tsp vanilla extract
1/3 cup water
2 tsp rose paste
1 tsp vanilla extract
5 tsp agar agar
4 tbs grenadine syrup
2 tbs peanut pralines , coarsely crushed
directions
in a small bowl, dissolve the agar agar in the water. set aside. in a saucepan, combine the powdered sugar, half and half and the remaining heavy cream. bring to a near boil. immediately add the dissolved agar cream mixture and whisk constantly. remove from the heat. add the vanilla extract and the rose paste.
pour the liquid into mini ramekins. when the liquid is firm, plastic-wrap each glass and chill for at least 2 hours in the refrigerator or overnight. remove panna cotta from the refrigerator. depending on what presentation you'd like, dip the bottoms of the glasses into a warm water bath for a few seconds. turn out the panna cotta forms onto serving plates or serve directly in the glasses. drizzle the panna cotta with grenadine syrup. decorate with crushed pralines.
bon appétit!
tips
grenadine syrup is a sweet, red thick syrup made from pomegranate. it's farily common in france but not so available in the us. i'm lucky that my local market carries it. grenadine syrup is optional, i just like the additional of a fruity strong taste to the panna cotta. if you decide not to add a syrup, increase the amount of sugar to the panna cotta.
montargis pralines are a french specialty. the story behind them is that the duke of praslin invented the treat as a means to seduce women in the royal court. pralines are nuts that are coated with suagr then caramelized. you can pair them with many savory dishes such as duck by adding them into the glaze.
i picked a combination of half and half and heavy cream but you can add any dairy that you prefer if you want a creamier or tart flavor like crème fraîche, buttermilk or milk if you're health conscious.
while waiting for the milk and cream to boil, you have to be very careful. don't go anywhere else. if the phone rings or someone's at the door, let it be. you gotta focus on your milk and cream otherwise you'll be cleaning your stove and scraping the burnt milk all night long. as soon as some bubbles come up, remove from the stove.
agar agar powder is a good gelatin substitute for vegans and vegetarians. it is derived from seawood and is cooked the same way you would use gelatin powder. it is widely used in asia.
i buy the koepoe-koepoe pastes. there are rose, mocha and pandan flavors. if you're adventurous, you can also try the durian paste. check out my rose malt cookies.
you can also use different shaped molds for the panna cotta to craete a different aesthetic, like the one for my vietnamese jello cake.
you can also tilt the glasses to have the product set at an angle like i did for my savory panna cotta. slightly tilt the glasses to get the pretty effect, then you can fill it with a red color fruit jello into the glass and top it with crunchy pralines. i use my 4-year-old sister-in-law's legos to tilt and hold the glasses.
wait until the liquid cools down completely before refrigerating the dessert. they should be a little jiggly. refrigerating them for at least 2 hours helps create a firmer consistency.
jacqueline pham
april 16, 2009
on
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ˈtrɛvər noʊə dɪˈstrɔɪz ˈdɑnəld trəmp ɪn ðɪs ðə ˈdeɪli ʃoʊ (@thedailyshow*) sɛpˈtɛmbər 15 2016 ˈtrɛvər noʊə həz ʤɪst əˈbaʊt hæd ɪt wɪθ ˈdɑnəld trəmp. ðə ˈdeɪli ʃoʊ hoʊst ˈpoʊstɪd ə rænt ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt əˈgɛnst ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈkænədɪt, ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ɔn ˈrɛtərɪk. mi tɛl ju əˈbaʊt ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈkəntri ɪn ðə wərld. ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈkəntri ɪn ðə wərld ɪz ðə ˈkəntri ðət ækˈsɛpts ˈpipəl hu kəm ɪn frəm ˈɛvriˌwɛr ɪn ðə wərld, ˈmɪstər. ˈdɑnəld trump,”*,” noʊə sɛd. aɪ noʊ ju θɪŋk hæf ðə ˈkəntri ɪz ə əv deportables’*’ jæ, aɪ sɛd ɪt, ‘‘deportables,’*,’ nɑt ‘‘deplorables’*’ bət ðə gʊd ˈpipəl əv əˈmɛrɪkə noʊ ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈkəntri ɪn ðə wərld ɪz ðə ˈkəntri wɛr ju kən kəm ɪn ənd kriˈeɪt anything.”*.” noʊə ˈædɪd, ˈgreɪtəst ˈkəntri ɪn ðə wərld ɪz ðə hoʊm əv stiv ʤɑbz, ə mæn huz ˈfæməli wər ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz hu keɪm tɪ ðɪs ˈkəntri frəm ðə pleɪs ðət traɪɪŋ tɪ ʃət daʊn. ju noʊ hu keɪm frəm ˈsɪriə? ðə ˈaɪˌfoʊn keɪm frəm ˈsɪriə, ˈdɑnəld trəmp ðə seɪm ˈaɪˌfoʊn ðət ju twit ʃɪt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ɔn. soʊ ˈɛvəri taɪm ju twit wɪθ ðoʊz fæt, ˈlɪtəl, ˈtaɪni ˈfɪŋgərz əv jʊrz, ju ʃʊd bi seɪɪŋ θæŋk ju tɪ ðɛm fər ˈgɪvɪŋ ju ðət seɪm phone.”*.” ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈfɑðər wɑz ˈsɪriən, bət hi ˈtɛknɪkəli ə ˈrɛfjuʤi.) trəmp həz kɔld ˈmɛksəkən ˈɪməgrənts ““rapists”*” hu ər drugs”*” ənd crime”*” tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs, ɛz wɛl ɛz prəˈpoʊzd ə bæn ɔn ɔl ˈməzlɪmz ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ˈjuˈɛs. ðɪs, trəmp sɪz, ɪz pɑrt əv hɪz plæn tɪ əˈmɛrɪkə greɪt again.”*.” bət noʊə sɛd hɪz oʊn ˈpərsɪnəl ɪkˈspɪriəns ɛz ən ˈɪməgrənt ʃoʊz əˈmɛrɪkə ɪz ɔˈrɛdi greɪt: fækt ðət ə saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑn kən bi ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ʧɛr ðət wɑz wəns rən baɪ ən əˈmɛrɪkən ənd kən bi ˈtɛlɪŋ ju ɔl əv ðɪs ðɪs pruvz haʊ greɪt ðɪs ˈkəntri is.”*.” wɔʧ: ðɪs ɪˈlɛkʃən ʤɪst ˈdɛməˌkræt ˈvərsəz. rɪˈpəblɪkən. ˈnɔrməl ˈvərsəz. æbˈnɔrməl.
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trevor noah destroys donald trump in this #viralrant pic.twitter.com/bsrdvxn7b3 — the daily show (@thedailyshow) september 15, 2016
trevor noah has just about had it with donald trump.
the daily show host posted a rant on social media on wednesday night against the republican candidate, focusing in particular on trump’s anti-immigration rhetoric.
“let me tell you about the greatest country in the world. the greatest country in the world is the country that accepts people who come in from everywhere in the world, mr. donald trump,” noah said. “and i know you think half the country is a ‘basket of deportables’ — yeah, i said it, ‘deportables,’ not ‘deplorables’ — but the good people of america know the greatest country in the world is the country where you can come in and create anything.”
noah added, “the greatest country in the world is the home of steve jobs, a man whose family were refugees who came to this country from the place that you’re trying to shut down. you know who came from syria? the iphone came from syria, donald trump — the same iphone that you tweet shit about the refugees on. so every time you tweet with those fat, little, tiny fingers of yours, you should be saying thank you to them for giving you that same phone.” (jobs’s biological father was syrian, but he wasn’t technically a refugee.)
trump has called mexican immigrants “rapists” who are “bringing drugs” and “bringing crime” to the us, as well as proposed a ban on all muslims entering the us. this, trump says, is part of his plan to “make america great again.”
but noah said his own personal experience as an immigrant shows america is already great: “the fact that a south african can be sitting in this chair that was once run by an american and can be telling you all of this — this proves how great this country is.”
watch: this election isn’t just democrat vs. republican. it’s normal vs. abnormal.
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lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ə ʤɪm paʊərz ʃut fər pərˈdəkʃənz wɑz ˌɪntərˈəptɪd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt wɪn ən ɑrmd əˈseɪlənt rɪˈpɔrtədli pʊt ə ˈhændˌgən tɪ ðə hɛd əv pərˈdəkʃən ˈmænɪʤər ˈʤɑni θrəst ənd dɪˈmændɪd ˈməni frəm ə drɔr juzd tɪ peɪ ðə pɑrˈtɪsəpənts əv ðə ˈvɪdioʊ. ðə ʃut ˈfiʧərd ˈædəlt ˈstɑrlət ˈɑmi ˈɛmərsən əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ breɪk ə ˈrɛkərd fər ˈitɪŋ 71 loʊdz əv kəm priˈpɛrd ɪn ən ˈɑmlət baɪ ˈpɔrnoʊ dæn lil. "ðə pərˈfɔrmərz wər tɪ bi peɪd 75 iʧ ɪn kæʃ, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈtoʊtəl əˈmaʊnt ˈstoʊlən ɪn ðə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd əv lil toʊld ˈɔnˌlaɪn. "θɪŋz wər ʤɪst əˈbaʊt tɪ stɑrt wɪn ʤɪm keɪm ˈrənɪŋ aʊt proʊˈkleɪmɪŋ hi hæd ʤɪst bɪn rɑbd!" əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ lil, ðə nu ɪgˈzæktli wət wɑz goʊɪŋ ɔn, wɛr ðə ˈməni wɑz ənd haʊ tɪ gɪt əˈweɪ kˈwɪkli. "ðə pəˈlis fil laɪk ɪt wɑz ən ˌɪnˈsaɪd ʤɑb," lil sɛd. ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðə ˈsəˌspɛkt dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ θrəst ɛz ə meɪl ɪn hɪz leɪt tˈwɛntiz, mɪkst reɪs, wɪθ ʃɔrt braʊn hɛr ənd ə ˈməˌstæʃ. ðə ˈrɑbər wɑz əˈbaʊt sɪks fit tɔl, ˈwɛrɪŋ ə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈdɑʤərz ˈsætən ˈʤækɪt ˈoʊvər ə ˈbʊlətˌpruf vɛst. paʊərz ɪz ˈɔfərɪŋ ə rɪˈwɔrd fər ˈɛni ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ðə ərˈɛst əv ðə ˈsəˌspɛkt. "aɪ æm ˈæskɪŋ ˈɛniˌwən aʊt ðɛr hu həz ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ pliz kəm ˈfɔrwərd ənd hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs ˌæprɪˈhɛnd ðɪs ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl," ðə dɪˈrɛktər sɛd. mərˈækjələsli, paʊərz hɛld ðə grup əv gaɪz təˈgɛðər ənd ðə ʃut wɛnt ɔf wɪˈθaʊt ə hɪʧ. "waɪl aɪ æm ˈvɛri praʊd əv ˈɑmi ənd kənˈgræʧəˌleɪt hər ɔn hər nu ˈrɛkərd, aɪ æm mɔr ˈəpˌsɛt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈrɑbəri ðən ju kən ˌɪˈmæʤən," paʊərz ˈædɪd. ˈɛniˌwən wɪθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz ərʤd tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt, ər iˈmeɪl ʤɪm paʊərz æt [iˈmeɪl prəˈtɛktɪd]. tɪps kən bi meɪd əˈnɑnəməsli.
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los angeles - a jim powers bukakke shoot for jm productions was interrupted wednesday night when an armed assailant reportedly put a handgun to the head of production manager johnny thrust and demanded money from a drawer used to pay the participants of the video.
the shoot featured adult starlet ami emerson attempting to break a record for eating 71 loads of cum prepared in an omelet by porno dan leal.
"the bukkake performers were to be paid $75 each in cash, making the total amount stolen in the neighborhood of $3,500," leal told avn online. "things were just about to start when jim came running out proclaiming he had just been robbed!"
according to leal, the perp knew exactly what was going on, where the money was and how to get away quickly.
"the police feel like it was an inside job," leal said.
the los angeles police department is looking for the suspect described by thrust as a light-skinned male in his late twenties, mixed race, with short brown hair and a mustache. the robber was about six feet tall, wearing a los angeles dodgers satin jacket over a bulletproof vest.
powers is offering a $1,000 reward for any information leading to the arrest of the suspect.
"i am asking anyone out there who has information to please come forward and help us apprehend this individual," the director said.
miraculously, powers held the group of bukkake guys together and the shoot went off without a hitch.
"while i am very proud of ami and congratulate her on her new record, i am more upset about the robbery than you can imagine," powers added.
anyone with information is urged to contact the los angeles police department, or email jim powers at [email protected]. tips can be made anonymously.
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ˈvæljənt ɪz praʊd tɪ əˈnaʊns ˈɑrʧər ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ: ðə wən pərˈsɛnt 1 ən teɪl ˈspɪnɪŋ dɪˈrɛkli aʊt əv ðə ˈpeɪʤɪz əv ˈɑrʧər ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋz ˈhɑrvi ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈsɪriz! ərˈaɪvɪŋ ɪn stɔrz ðɪs noʊˈvɛmbər, ʤɔɪn ˈaɪsnər kriˈeɪtərz reɪ fɔks (ˈbætˌmæn eternal,constantine*) ənd ʤoʊ (ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈglɔriz) ɛz ðeɪ rɪˈvil ðə ˈsikrɪt ˈɪnər ˈwərkɪŋz əv ə kənˈspɪrəsi ðət ˈsikrɪtli rənz ðə wərld frəm ðə ˈkætəˌkoʊmz bɪˈniθ ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈdɪstrɪkt. ðeɪ traɪd tɪ seɪv ðə ˈjʊrə, bət ˈɔlˌmoʊst dɪˈstrɔɪd ðə wərld. θˈwɔrtɪd baɪ ðə ədˈvɛnʧərərz noʊn ɛz ˈɑrʧər ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ æt ˈɛvəri tərn, oʊn wʊlvz əv wɔl strit ðɛn tərnd ðɛr əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ wɔl wi ɔl noʊ haʊ ðət wərkt aʊt! naʊ, ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðɛr ˈgreɪtəst ˈvɪktəri, ə ˈvɪʃəs nu brænd əv wən ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ raɪz tɪ ðə tɔp əv hɪz klæs, ənd ðɪs taɪm ðɛr wɪl bi noʊ wən tɪ beɪl aʊt ðɛr ˈɛnəmiz ɛz ˈɑrʧər ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ feɪs daʊn ə brænd nu kaɪnd əv ˈhɑstəl ˈteɪˌkoʊvər! ˈfiʧərɪŋ ə ˈstændərd ˈkəvər baɪ fæn ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈɑrtɪst wɑn doʊ pləs tu ˈlɪmɪtɪd, ˈspɛʃəl ɪˈdɪʃən ʃɛlf ˈkəvərz ˈfiʧərɪŋ ˈpərfərˌeɪtɪd, ˈfʊli dɪˈtæʧəbəl wən pərˈsɛnt bʊl ənd bɛr mæsks baɪ ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˈɑrtɪst ənd dɪˈzaɪnər juz gɪt rɪʧ ər daɪ traɪɪŋ ðɪs noʊˈvɛmbər ɛz reɪ fɔks ənd ʤoʊ fɔɪst ə brænd nu brid əv ˈvɪlən tɪ ðə tɔp əv ðə ˈkɔrpərət ˈlædər ɪn ˈɑrʧər ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ: ðə wən pərˈsɛnt 1 (ðət wɪl bi pliz.)
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valiant is proud to announce archer & armstrong: the one percent #1 – an all-new one-shot tale spinning directly out of the pages of archer & armstrong's harvey award-nominated ongoing series!
arriving in stores this november, join eisner award-nominated creators ray fawkes (batman eternal,constantine) and joe eisma (morning glories) as they reveal the secret inner workings of a power-obsessed conspiracy that secretly runs the world from the catacombs beneath the financial district.
they tried to save the euro, but almost destroyed the world. thwarted by the adventurers known as archer & armstrong at every turn, valiant's own wolves of wall street then turned their attention to occupy wall street…and we all know how that worked out! now, in the wake of their greatest victory, a vicious new brand of one percenter is about to rise to the top of his class, and this time there will be no one to bail out their enemies as archer & armstrong face down a brand new kind of hostile takeover!
featuring a standard cover by fan favorite artist juan doe – plus two limited, special edition shelf covers featuring perforated, fully detachable one percent bull and bear masks by legendary artist and designer rian hughes – get rich or die trying this november as ray fawkes and joe eisma foist a brand new breed of villain to the top of the corporate ladder in archer & armstrong: the one percent #1! (that will be $3.99, please.)
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ˈfərgəsən moʊ. (ˈrɔɪtərz) juz. əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ˈɛrɪk ˈhoʊldər ˈɔrdərd ə ˈfɛdərəl ˈɔˌtɑpsi əv ə ˈtiˌneɪʤər ʃɑt dɛd baɪ ə pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər ɪn ˈfərgəsən, məˈzʊri, ˈsikɪŋ tɪ əˈʃʊr ðə ˈfæməli ənd kəmˈjunɪti ðɛr wɪl bi ə θəroʊ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ə dɛθ ðət həz spɑrkt deɪz əv ˈreɪʃəli ʧɑrʤd ˈproʊˌtɛsts. ˈmaɪkəl braʊn, hu wɑz blæk, wɑz ʃɑt baɪ waɪt pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsər ˈdɑrən ˈwɪlsən ɔn ˈɔgəst. 9 ðə pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt ɪn ðə st*. luɪs ˈsəbərb həz kəm ˈəndər strɔŋ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm fər boʊθ ðə dɛθ əv ən əˈnɑrmd mæn ənd ɪts ˈhændəlɪŋ əv ðə ˈæftərˌmæθ. ˈsɛvən ˈproʊˌtɛstərz wər ərˈɛstɪd ˈərli ɔn ˈsənˌdi ˈæftər məˈzʊri ˈgəvərnər ʤeɪ ˈnɪksən ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ən ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt ˈkərfju eɪmd æt kˈwɛlɪŋ ˈproʊˌtɛsts ənd ˈlutɪŋ. pəˈlis juzd ˈkænɪstərz əv smoʊk ənd ˈleɪtər tɪ dɪˈspərs ðə kraʊd, ə məˈzʊri steɪt ˈhaɪˌweɪ pəˈtroʊl ˈspoʊksmən sɛd. pəˈtroʊl ˈkæptən rɑn ˈʤɑnsən, ɛnˈtrəstɪd baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnər wɪθ rɪˈstɔrɪŋ ˈɔrdər, toʊld ˈhənərdz əv ˈpipəl ˈgæðərd æt ə ˈloʊkəl ʧərʧ fər ə ˈræli ðət hi wɑz kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðɛr raɪt tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst. sorry,”*,” ˈʤɑnsən, hu ɪz blæk, toʊld ˈfæməli ˈdʊrɪŋ rɪˈmɑrks ðət ˈprɑmptɪd rɪˈpitɪd ˈstændɪŋ oʊˈveɪʃənz. hɑrt ɪz heavy.”*.” ðə ˈræli wɑz lɛd baɪ ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈæktɪvɪst æl ˈʃɑrptən. ˈhoʊldər kɔld fər ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈɔˌtɑpsi, ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ wən biɪŋ kənˈdəktəd baɪ steɪt ˈmɛdɪkəl ɪgˈzæmɪnərz, tɪ ðə ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðɪs keɪs ənd æt ðə rɪkˈwɛst əv ðə braʊn family,”*,” ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈspoʊksmən braɪən ˈfælən sɛd. ðə ˈfæməli ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈplænɪŋ tɪ hæv ə pəˈθɑləʤəst ˈkɑndəkt ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən əv ðə ˈbɑdi, ə ˈfæməli ˈspoʊksmən sɛd. ˌɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ ˈkərfju ðə ˈərli ˈmɔrnɪŋ klæʃ əˈkərd wɪn ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtərz rɪˈmeɪnd ɪn ðə strits ˈæftər ðə ˈkərfju tʊk ˈifɛkt æt ˈmɪdˌnaɪt. ðə ˈsɛvən ˈpipəl ərˈɛstɪd hæd feɪld tɪ dɪˈspərs, pəˈlis sɛd. ə ˈpərsən wɑz ʃɑt ənd ˈkrɪtɪkəli ˈwundɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə naɪt. ɪt wɑz nɑt klɪr waɪ, ənd ðə ˈʃutər wɑz stɪl æt lɑrʤ, pəˈlis sɛd. ˈʤɑnsən sɛd pəˈlis wər əˈneɪbəl tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðə ˈvɪktɪm, hu hi sɛd wɑz nɑt ʃɑt baɪ pəˈlis. ˈʤɑnsən ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd ˈsəmˌwən hæd ʃɑt æt ə ˈpæsɪŋ pəˈlis kɑr bət wɑz nɑt ˌæprɪˈhɛndəd. ðə smoʊk ənd ˈkænɪstərz ˈlɑrʤli dɪˈspərst ðə kraʊd. wɑz ðə ˈmɪnəməm əˈmaʊnt əv fɔrs ðət wi kʊd hæv juzd tɪ gɪt ðɛm moving,”*,” sɛd məˈzʊri steɪt ˈhaɪˌweɪ pəˈtroʊl ˈspoʊksmən æl nothum*. hi sɛd ɔn ˈsənˌdi ðə pəˈtroʊl dɪd nɑt noʊ ɪf ðə ˈkərfju wʊd bi ɪkˈstɛndɪd fər ə ˈsɛkənd naɪt. ˈnɪksən sɛd ðət ɪn spaɪt əv ðə ˈklæʃɪz, ðə ˈkərfju wɑz ə səkˈsɛs ənd ðə kəmˈjunɪti dɪˈzərvd ˈkrɛdɪt. ˈspikɪŋ ɔn nuz ʃoʊ əv ðə union,”*,” ðə ˈgəvərnər sɛd hi dɪd nɑt noʊ haʊ lɔŋ ðə ˈkərfju wʊd bi ɪn pleɪs. ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ˈʤɛsʧər ɛz ðeɪ stænd ɪn ə strit ɪn dɪˈfaɪəns əv ə ˈmɪdˌnaɪt ˈkərfju mɛnt tɪ stɛm ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz ɪn riˈækʃən tɪ ðə ˈʃutɪŋ əv ˈmaɪkəl braʊn ɪn ˈfərgəsən, məˈzʊri ˈɔgəst 17 2014 ˈʤæksən hi ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ðə ˈfərgəsən pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt fər ɪts dɪˈsɪʒən ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ tɪ riˈlis ə ˈvɪdioʊ ðət əˈlɛʤədli ʃoʊd braʊn ˈteɪkɪŋ pɑrt ɪn ə kənˈvinjəns stɔr ˈrɑbəri ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈʃutɪŋ. pəˈlis hæv sɛd ðə ˈɔfɪsər hu ʃɑt braʊn hæd noʊ aɪˈdiə hi wɑz ə ˈrɑbəri ˈsəˌspɛkt. θɪŋk ɪt hæd ən ˌɪnˈsɛndiɛri effect,”*,” ˈnɪksən sɛd ɔn cbs’*’ ðə nation.”*.” pəˈlis ər əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ ə ˈvɪktɪm əv ə shooting,”*,” hi ˈædɪd. ˈfərgəsən pəˈlis ʧif tɑm ˈʤæksən dɪˈfɛndɪd ðə riˈlis əv ðə sərˈveɪləns ˈvɪdioʊ, ˈoʊvər ðə əˈbʤɛkʃənz əv ðə juz. ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt. ˈʤæksən sɛd hi wɑz kəmˈplaɪɪŋ wɪθ ðə nuz rɪkˈwɛsts fər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn ðə keɪs. ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ riˈlis ðə ˈvɪdioʊ waɪl nɑt ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈditeɪlz əv ðə ˈʃutɪŋ ˈoʊnli fjuəld ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ. ðə ˈklæʃɪz ɪn ˈfərgəsən hæv ˈpɪtɪd ˈmoʊstli blæk ˈproʊˌtɛstərz əˈgɛnst ˈmoʊstli waɪt pəˈlis ɪn ə ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ənd ˈriˌteɪl ˈdɪstrɪkt. ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈrɛgjələr ˈbrifɪŋz ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə həz bɪn ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈrɛgjələr ˈbrifɪŋz waɪl ɔn veɪˈkeɪʃən ɪn ˈvɪnjərd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ frəm ˈsinjər ædˈvaɪzər ˈvæləri ˈʤɛrət. ˈʤɛrət spoʊk wɪθ ˈnɪksən ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ tɪ gɪt ən ˈəpˌdeɪt ənd ˈɔfər ðə kənˈtɪnjud koʊˌɔrdəˈneɪʃən ənd səˈpɔrt wɪθ steɪt ənd ˈloʊkəl əˈfɪʃəlz, ə waɪt haʊs ˈspoʊksmən sɛd. ˈʤɛrət hæd ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ɪn təʧ wɪθ ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈlidərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈʃɑrptən ənd ˈprɛzɪdənt kɔrˈnɛl brʊks ˈoʊvər ðə læst fju deɪz, hi sɛd. ðə juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs ənd ðə st*. luɪs ˈkaʊnti pəˈlis dɪˈpɑrtmənt ər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ dɛθ, wɪʧ həz bɪn dɪˈskraɪbd ˈdɪfərˈɛntli baɪ ðə pəˈlis ənd baɪ ə frɛnd hu wɑz ˈwɔkɪŋ wɪθ ɪm æt ðə taɪm. pəˈlis seɪ ðət ˈæftər ˈwɪlsən æst braʊn tɪ muv aʊt əv ðə roʊd ˈɔntu ə ˈsaɪdˌwɔk, braʊn riʧt ˈɪntu ðə pəˈtroʊl kɑr ənd ˈstrəgəld wɪθ ˈwɪlsən fər ðə ˈsərvɪs gən. ˈwɪlsən, hu səˈsteɪnd ə ˈfeɪʃəl ˈɪnʤəri, ðɛn ʃɑt braʊn ə ˈnəmbər əv taɪmz. 8 ˈɪmɪʤɪz) ðə frɛnd, ˈdɔriən ˈʤɑnsən, 22 ənd æt list wən ˈəðər ˈwɪtnəs hæv sɛd ðə ˈɔfɪsər riʧt aʊt θru hɪz kɑr ˈwɪndoʊ tɪ græb æt braʊn ənd ðə ˈtiˌneɪʤər wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈɔfɪsər wɪn hi wɑz ʃɑt. braʊn hɛld əp hɪz hænz ɪn ə saɪn əv sərˈɛndər bət ðə ˈɔfɪsər gɑt aʊt əv hɪz pəˈtroʊl kɑr ənd ʃɑt braʊn ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz, ðeɪ sɛd. ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ɔn ˈsənˌdi, ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈæktɪvɪsts ənd səˈpɔrtərz əv ðə ˈfæməli əv əˈnəðər jəŋ blæk mæn ʃɑt dɛd baɪ pəˈlis, ɛˈzɛl fɔrd, plænd tɪ ˈræli ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈɛˈleɪˈpiˈdi ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz. ðə ˈfæməli əv ðə sɛd hi wɑz kəmˈplaɪɪŋ wɪθ ˈɔfɪsərz ənd laɪɪŋ daʊn wɪn hi wɑz ʃɑt, ənd ðət hi həz ˈmɛntəl ˈʧælənʤɪz. ðə ˈɛˈleɪˈpiˈdi sɪz hi ˈstrəgəld wɪθ ˈɔfɪsərz ənd wɑz goʊɪŋ fər wən əv ðɛr gənz wɪn hi wɑz kɪld.
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ferguson mo. (reuters) - u.s. attorney general eric holder ordered a federal autopsy of a teenager shot dead by a police officer in ferguson, missouri, seeking to assure the family and community there will be a thorough investigation into a death that has sparked days of racially charged protests.
eighteen-year-old michael brown, who was black, was shot by white police officer darren wilson on aug. 9. the police department in the st. louis suburb has come under strong criticism for both the death of an unarmed man and its handling of the aftermath.
seven protesters were arrested early on sunday after missouri governor jay nixon imposed an overnight curfew aimed at quelling protests and looting. police used canisters of smoke and later teargas to disperse the crowd, a missouri state highway patrol spokesman said.
patrol captain ron johnson, entrusted by the governor with restoring order, told hundreds of people gathered at a local church for a rally that he was committed to protecting their right to protest.
“i’m sorry,” johnson, who is black, told brown’s family during remarks that prompted repeated standing ovations. “my heart is heavy.”
the rally was led by civil rights activist al sharpton.
holder called for the federal autopsy, in addition to one being conducted by state medical examiners, “due to the extraordinary circumstances involved in this case and at the request of the brown family,” justice department spokesman brian fallon said.
the family is also planning to have a pathologist conduct an independent examination of the body, a family spokesman said.
imposing curfew
the early morning clash occurred when demonstrators remained in the streets after the curfew took effect at midnight. the seven people arrested had failed to disperse, police said.
a person was shot and critically wounded during the night. it was not clear why, and the shooter was still at large, police said. johnson said police were unable to identify the victim, who he said was not shot by police.
johnson also said someone had shot at a passing police car but was not apprehended.
the smoke and teargas canisters largely dispersed the crowd.
“it was the minimum amount of force that we could have used to get them moving,” said missouri state highway patrol spokesman al nothum. he said on sunday the patrol did not know if the curfew would be extended for a second night.
nixon said that in spite of the clashes, the curfew was a success and the community deserved credit. speaking on
cnn’s news show “state of the union,” the governor said he did not know how long the curfew would be in place.
protesters gesture as they stand in a street in defiance of a midnight curfew meant to stem ongoing demonstrations in reaction to the shooting of michael brown in ferguson, missouri august 17, 2014. reuters/lucas jackson
he criticized the ferguson police department for its decision on friday to release a video that allegedly showed brown taking part in a convenience store robbery shortly before the shooting. police have said the officer who shot brown had no idea he was a robbery suspect.
“i think it had an incendiary effect,” nixon said on cbs’ “face the nation.” police “clearly are attempting to besmirch a victim of a shooting,” he added.
ferguson police chief tom jackson defended the release of the surveillance video, over the objections of the u.s. justice department. jackson said he was complying with the news media’s requests for information in the case.
the decision to release the video while not giving details of the shooting only fueled outrage. the clashes in ferguson have pitted mostly black protesters against mostly white police in a residential and retail district.
obama getting regular briefings
president barack obama has been getting regular briefings while on vacation in martha’s vineyard, including from senior adviser valerie jarrett.
jarrett spoke with nixon on saturday to get an update and offer the administration’s continued coordination and support with state and local officials, a white house spokesman said. jarrett had also been in touch with civil rights leaders, including sharpton and naacp president cornell brooks over the last few days, he said.
the u.s. department of justice and the st. louis county police department are investigating brown’s death, which has been described differently by the police and by a friend who was walking with him at the time.
police say that after wilson asked brown to move out of the road onto a sidewalk, brown reached into the patrol car and struggled with wilson for the officer’s service gun. wilson, who sustained a facial injury, then shot brown a number of times.
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the friend, dorian johnson, 22, and at least one other witness have said the officer reached out through his car window to grab at brown and the teenager was trying to get away from the officer when he was shot. brown held up his hands in a sign of surrender but the officer got out of his patrol car and shot brown several times, they said.
in los angeles on sunday, civil rights activists and supporters of the family of another young black man shot dead by police, ezell ford, planned to rally outside lapd headquarters. the family of the 25-year-old said he was complying with officers and lying down when he was shot, and that he has mental challenges. the lapd says he struggled with officers and was going for one of their guns when he was killed.
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rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. bɑb (r-va*.), ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə haʊs ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti, ɪz ðə ki tɪ ðə fˈjuʧər əv ðə ˈmɑrkɪtˌpleɪs ˈfɛrnəs ækt. (bɪl ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst) rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈjuʒəwəli ðə wənz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə keɪs fər ˈtæksɪz, bət ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, steɪt ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz frəm əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri ər bɑmˈbɑrdɪŋ ˈkæpɪtəl hɪl tɪ pʊʃ ə ˈmɛʒər ðət wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈkəmpəˌniz tɪ riˈmɪt seɪlz ˈtæksɪz bæk tɪ ðə steɪts. ɛz ɪt stændz, steɪt ənd ˈloʊkəl seɪlz ˈtæksɪz əˈplaɪ tɪ ˈɔnˌlaɪn seɪlz, bət ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈriˌteɪlərz hæv tɪ ʧɑrʤ ðət tæks ɪf ðeɪ hæv ə ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈprɛzəns ɪn ə steɪt, θæŋks tɪ ə 1992 səˈprim kɔrt ˈrulɪŋ. ðə ˈoʊnəs fər peɪɪŋ ðə ˈtæksɪz fɔlz ɔn ðə baɪərz, hu ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈnɛvər ˈæˌkʧuəli peɪ ðət tæks. ˈriˌteɪlərz seɪ ðət pʊts ðɛm æt ə dip ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤ. ˈkəstəmərz kən ˈwɪndoʊ ʃɑp ɪn ðɛr stɔrz, ðɛn baɪ ðə seɪm ˈaɪtəm ˈɔnˌlaɪn fər ə ˈʧipər praɪs, ɪn pɑrt bɪˈkəz ə seɪlz tæks əˈplaɪ. ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt θɪŋ tɪ ˈlɛvəl ðə pleɪɪŋ fild fər ɔl ðə retailers,”*,” luk ˈkɛnli, ən ˌɪndiˈænə rɪˈpəblɪkən hu ʧɛrz ðə steɪt ˈsɛnɪt əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃənz kəˈmɪti, sɛd ˈθərzˌdeɪ. ðə ˈsɛnɪt pæst ðə ˈmɑrkɪtˌpleɪs ˈfɛrnəs ækt ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr, bət ðə ˈmɛʒər həz bɪn stək ɪn ðə haʊs ʤuˈdɪʃiˌɛri kəˈmɪti, wɛr ˈʧɛrmən bɑb (r-va*.) sɪz hi stɪl həz kənˈsərnz. ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, ənd rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ˈspɛnsər ˈbæʧəs (r-ala*.) riˈlist ə lɪst əv ˈsɛvən ˈprɪnsəpəlz ðət ən ˈɪntərˌnɛt tæks bɪl wʊd hæv tɪ mit. ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz sɛd ðə ˈmɑrkɪtˌpleɪs ˈfɛrnəs ækt wʊd mit moʊst əv ðoʊz ˈprɪnsəpəlz ɔˈrɛdi. ɪz kənˈsərnd ðət ðə bɪl wʊd ɪgˈzɛmpt səm sˈmɔlər ˈriˌteɪlərz, ˈgɪvɪŋ ðɛm ə lɛg əp. saʊθ dəˈkoʊtə steɪt sɛn. dɛb ˈpitərz, hu ʧɛrz ðə əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃənz kəˈmɪti ɪn hər steɪt, sɛd ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz əˈveɪləbəl tɪ əˈlaʊ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈriˌteɪlərz tɪ kəmˈplaɪ wɪθ ðə ˈhɑʤˌpɑʤ əv steɪt lɔz. ʃi kæst ðə ˈmɛʒər ɪn rɪˈpəblɪkən tərmz, ɛz ə ˈmætər əv states’*’ raɪts. nidz tɪ ˈɔθərˌaɪz ðə əˈbɪləˌti fər states’*’ rights,”*,” ˈpitərz sɛd. ˈkɑŋgrəsmən həz ə bɪl, ˌwəˈtɛvər ju wɔnt tɪ kɔl ɪt, ðət ˈɔθərˌaɪzɪz steɪts tɪ du wət steɪts kən ər wɪl du, ɔl wi need.”*.” ðə pərˈmɪsɪv ˈæˌspɛkt əv wət ˈsikɪŋ hir ɔn ə states’*’ raɪts ˈɪʃu, 50 steɪts ənd juz. ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃənz ər biɪŋ hɛld hostage,”*,” ˈædɪd ˌæləˈbæmə steɪt rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. grɛg rɛn (ɑr), ə ˈmɛmbər əv hɪz weɪz ənd minz kəˈmɪti. ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən ˈfɛdərəˌlɪzəm həz ɪˈvɑlvd tɪ ə pɔɪnt wɛr ˈfɛdərəˌlɪzəm naʊ minz ðɛr kən bi ə əv states’*’ raɪts, ðɛn wi ɔl nid tɪ goʊ bæk tɪ school.”*.” ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz wɪl mit ˈθərzˌdeɪ wɪθ ˈlidɪŋ ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈkɑŋgrəs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. pɔl raɪən (r-wis*.), ðə ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə haʊs ˈbəʤɪt kəˈmɪti. ðeɪ mɛt wɪθ læst mənθ, bət ðeɪ hæv ə ˈmitɪŋ ˈskɛʤʊld wɪθ ðə ˈʧɛrmən ðɪs wik. ədˈmɪt ɪt, ðə key,”*,” ˈkɛnli sɛd.
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rep. bob goodlatte (r-va.), chairman of the house judiciary committee, is the key to the future of the marketplace fairness act. (bill o’leary/the washington post)
republicans aren’t usually the ones making the case for taxes, but on thursday, state lawmakers from across the country are bombarding capitol hill to push a measure that would require internet-based companies to remit sales taxes back to the states.
as it stands, state and local sales taxes apply to online sales, but internet retailers don’t have to charge that tax if they don’t have a physical presence in a state, thanks to a 1992 supreme court ruling. the onus for paying the taxes falls on the buyers, who almost never actually pay that tax.
brick-and-mortar retailers say that puts them at a deep disadvantage. customers can window shop in their stores, then buy the same item online for a cheaper price, in part because a sales tax apply.
“this is a very important thing to level the playing field for all the retailers,” luke kenley, an indiana republican who chairs the state senate appropriations committee, said thursday.
the senate passed the marketplace fairness act earlier this year, but the measure has been stuck in the house judiciary committee, where chairman bob goodlatte (r-va.) says he still has concerns.
in september, goodlatte and rep. spencer bachus (r-ala.) released a list of seven principles that an internet tax bill would have to meet. lawmakers said the marketplace fairness act would meet most of those principles already. goodlatte is concerned that the bill would exempt some smaller online-only retailers, giving them a leg up.
south dakota state sen. deb peters, who chairs the appropriations committee in her state, said the technology is available to allow online retailers to comply with the hodgepodge of state laws. she cast the measure in republican terms, as a matter of states’ rights.
“congress needs to authorize the ability for states’ rights,” peters said. “if congressman goodlatte has a bill, whatever you want to call it, that authorizes states to do what states can or will do, that’s all we need.”
“without the permissive aspect of what we’re seeking here on a states’ rights issue, 50 states and u.s. jurisdictions are being held hostage,” added alabama state rep. greg wren (r), a member of his state’s ways and means committee. “if the definition federalism has evolved to a point where federalism now means there can be a userpation of states’ rights, then we all need to go back to school.”
the republicans will meet thursday with leading members of congress, including rep. paul ryan (r-wis.), the chairman of the house budget committee. they met with goodlatte last month, but they don’t have a meeting scheduled with the chairman this week.
“we admit it, he’s the key,” kenley said.
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ˈstudənts æt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ər fˈjʊriəs ðət ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈbɛtsi ˈdivoʊz ɪz sˈleɪtɪd tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ðɛr kəˈmɛnsmənt ˈæˌdrɛs, ˈkɔlɪŋ ðə ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən ən ““insult”*” tɪ ˈgræʤəˌweɪts. ˈæftər kənˈfərmɪŋ ðət ˈdivoʊz ɪz ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ spik æt ðə skul, wɪʧ ɪz əˈməŋ ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəli blæk ˈkɑlɪʤɪz ənd ˌjunəˈvərsətiz (hbcu*), əˈləmnəs dəˈmɪnɪk ˈwaɪˌthɛd kriˈeɪtɪd ə pəˈtɪʃən dɪˈmændɪŋ ðət ðə ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən bi rɪˈsɪndɪd. æm əv ðə bɪˈlif ðət ɪt dɪz nɑt ˈbɛnəfɪt ɑr ˈstudənts tɪ səˈprɛs ˈvɔɪsɪz ðət wi dɪsəˈgri with.”*.” æt prɛs taɪm, ðə pəˈtɪʃən hæd ˈgɑrnərd ˈsɪgnəʧərz ɪn ðə speɪs əv faɪv deɪz, əˈproʊʧɪŋ ɪts goʊl əv ɔl ðə fækts prəˈvaɪdɪd, waɪ ɔn ərθ wʊd ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˌɪnˈvaɪt ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈdivoʊz tɪ bi ðə kəˈmɛnsmənt ˈspikər fər ðɛr spərɪŋ ˌgræʤəˈweɪʃən ceremony?”*?” ðə pəˈtɪʃən æsks. ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈdəzənt nid ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ɔp frəm ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, wi nid ˈækʃən dən baɪ ðɪs ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən fər ɔl hbcus.”*.” [rɪˈleɪtɪd: məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈstudənts ˈfeɪvər ɪˈvɪktɪŋ ˈmidiə frəm ˈproʊˌtɛsts] ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp dɪd, ˈnoʊtəbli, ˈrisəntli saɪn ən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər rɪˈvaɪvɪŋ ə waɪt haʊs ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv ɔn, ənd ə waɪt haʊs prɛs riˈlis ˈboʊstɪd æt ðə taɪm ðət ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən wɪl du mɔr fər səʧ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ðən ðə fərst blæk ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈɛvər dɪd. bət ˈstudənts ər stɪl dɪˈsplizd wɪθ ðə səˈlɛkʃən əv ˈdivoʊz, ˈteɪkɪŋ ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈɪʃu wɪθ ə ˈrisənt ˈkɑmɛnt ʃi meɪd ˈkɔlɪŋ ðə ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ skul choice,”*,” ə ˈsteɪtmənt ʃi kərˈɛktɪd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ deɪ. ˈdivoʊz ˌəndərˈstænd ðət wər kriˈeɪtɪd bɪˈkəz ˈæfrɪkɑn əˈmɛrɪkənz wər ɪkˈskludɪd frəm ˈmeɪnˌstrim institutions,”*,” ðə pəˈtɪʃən dɪˈklɛrz, seɪɪŋ ˈdivoʊz noʊ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns, ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz, ənd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns əv hbcus.”*.” ðə pəˈtɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ kəmˈpleɪnz əˈbaʊt ən ˈeɪprəl ˈmɛˌmoʊ frəm ˈdivoʊz ðət, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə pəˈtɪʃən, tɪ dismantle”*” riˈpeɪmənt plænz ənd loʊn fərˈgɪvnəs ˈproʊˌgræmz ðət ˈmɛni ˈstudənts ˈjutəˌlaɪz tɪ hɛlp ðɛm riˈpeɪ ˈstudənt loʊn dɛt. ˈbɑrək ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈɔfərd riˈpeɪmənt plænz ənd ˈstudənt loʊn fərˈgɪvnəs ˈproʊˌgræmz. devos’*’ ˈeɪprəl ˈmɛˌmoʊ θˈrɛtənz tɪ dɪsˈmænəl ðoʊz ˈvɛri ˈhɛlpfəl programs,”*,” ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt əˈsərts. minz ðət ˈlɛndərz wɪl nɑt hæv ˈɛni riˈstrɪkʃənz waɪl əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ kəˈlɛkt ðə ˈməni ðət wɑz ˈbɑˌroʊd baɪ students.”*.” [rɪˈleɪtɪd: sɪz hɪˈstɔrɪkəli blæk ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈprɛʃərd ɪm tɪ dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪt] ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈmætər wən stɛp ˈfərðər, ə ˈloʊkəl ˈʧæptər ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ə ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃən əˈgɛnst ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ənd ˈmɛni ˈstudənts ər ˈɔlsoʊ vaʊɪŋ tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst æt ðə kəˈmɛnsmənt ˌɪtˈsɛlf, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ nuz 13 ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈɛdɪsən ˈʤæksən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ ðə ˈbæˌklæʃ wɪθ ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈflætli rɪfˈjuzɪŋ tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ ðə ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən, ˈivɪn ˈteɪkɪŋ fʊl riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ ɪt ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈreɪʃəl ɪn ɑr ˈkaʊnti hæv ˈdipənd, ənd ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts hæv ˈstrəgəld wɪθ ðiz ˈɪʃuz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst fju months,”*,” ˈʤæksən ækˈnɑlɪʤd, bət ˈædɪd ðət waɪl hæv rɪˈspɑndɪd baɪ rɪˈsɪndɪŋ ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃənz tɪ pəˈtɛnʃəli ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl æm əv ðə bɪˈlif ðət ɪt dɪz nɑt ˈbɛnəfɪt ɑr ˈstudənts tɪ səˈprɛs ˈvɔɪsɪz ðət wi dɪsəˈgri wɪθ, ər tɪ ˈlɪmət ˈstudənts tɪ ˈoʊnli ðoʊz pərˈspɛktɪvz ðət ər ˈbrɔdli ˈsæŋkʃənd baɪ ə spɪˈsɪfɪk community.”*.” [rɪˈleɪtɪd: skul ˈfaʊndɪd baɪ blæk ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈvɛtərənz ɪˈlɪməˌneɪts ˈhɪstəri ˈproʊˌgræmz] hi wɛnt ɔn tɪ ˈɑrgju ðət ðə ˈfaʊndər, ˈmɛri məˈklaʊd bəθˈjun, wʊd hæv səˈpɔrtɪd ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ brɪŋ ˈdivoʊz tɪ kəˈmɛnsmənt. dɪd ɔl ʃi kʊd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈneɪsənt ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ðɪs ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən tɪ ɪkˈwɪp hər ˈstudənts wɪθ ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri skɪlz tɪ ˈnævəˌgeɪt ðə priˈkɛriəs ˈwɔtərz əv ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl disagreement,”*,” ˈʤæksən kənˈtɛndz. ˈmɑdəld ðɪs baɪ ˌɪnərˈæktɪŋ wɪθ ənd juˈnikli ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ðoʊz hu hæd tɪ bi kənˈvɪnst əv hər ˈmɪʃən tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən tɪ hər people.”*.” dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən prɛs ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri lɪz hɪl kənˈkərd wɪθ ˈʤæksən ɔn ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ kənˈtræstɪŋ vˈjuˌpɔɪnts, seɪɪŋ ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ðət ˈdivoʊz ɪz ““honored”*” tɪ bi dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ ðə 2017 kəˈmɛnsmənt ˈæˌdrɛs æt, ənd ðət ˈoʊpən ˈdaɪəˌlɔg ənd ə ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ wərk təˈgɛðər ər ki tɪ ˈsɑlvɪŋ ɑr moʊst ˈprɛsɪŋ issues.”*.” ˈfɑloʊ ðə ˈɔθər əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔn tˈwɪtər:
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students at bethune-cookman university are furious that secretary of education betsy devos is slated to deliver their commencement address, calling the invitation an “insult” to graduates.
after confirming that devos is scheduled to speak at the school, which is among the nation’s historically black colleges and universities (hbcu), bcu alumnus dominik whitehead created a change.org petition demanding that the invitation be rescinded.
“i am of the belief that it does not benefit our students to suppress voices that we disagree with.”
at press time, the petition had garnered 5,661 signatures in the space of five days, approaching its goal of 7,500.
“with all the facts provided, why on earth would bethune-cookman university invite secretary devos to be the commencement speaker for their spring graduation ceremony?” the petition asks. “bethune-cookman university doesn't need a photo op from the trump administration, we need action done by this administration for all hbcus.”
[related: majority of hbcu students favor evicting media from protests]
president trump did, notably, recently sign an executive order reviving a white house initiative on hbcus, and a white house press release boasted at the time that the trump administration will do more for such institutions than the nation’s first black president ever did.
but bcu students are still displeased with the selection of devos, taking particular issue with a recent comment she made calling hbcus the “real pioneers when it comes to school choice,” a statement she corrected the following day.
“betsy devos doesn’t understand that hbcus were created because african americans were excluded from mainstream institutions,” the petition declares, saying devos “has no understanding of the importance, contributions, and significance of hbcus.”
the petition also complains about an april memo from devos that, according to the petition, “threatens to dismantle” income-based repayment plans and loan forgiveness programs that many bcu studentsilize to help them repay student loan debt.
“president barack obama’s administration offered income-based repayment plans and student loan forgiveness programs. devos’ april 11th memo threatens to dismantle those very helpful programs,” the document asserts. “this means that lenders will not have any restrictions while attempting to collect the money that was borrowed by students.”
[related: prof says historically black university pressured him to discriminate]
taking the matter one step further, a local naacp chapter organized a demonstration against devos’s invitation wednesday, and many students are also vowing to protest at the commencement itself, according to news 13.
bcu president edison jackson, however, responded to the backlash with a statement wednesday flatly refusing to withdraw the invitation, even taking full responsibility for extending it in the first place.
“the political and racial chasms in our county have deepened, and college presidents have struggled with these issues over the past few months,” jackson acknowledged, but added that while “some have responded by rescinding invitations to potentially controversial speakers...i am of the belief that it does not benefit our students to suppress voices that we disagree with, or to limit students to only those perspectives that are broadly sanctioned by a specific community.”
[related: school founded by black civil war veterans eliminates history programs]
he went on to argue that the school’s founder, mary mcleod bethune, would have supported the decision to bring devos to commencement.
“she did all she could during the nascent stages of this institution to equip her students with the necessary skills to navigate the precarious waters of fundamental disagreement,” jackson contends. “she modeled this by interacting with and uniquely engaging those who had to be convinced of her mission to provide education to her people.”
department of education press secretary liz hill concurred with jackson on the importance of exposure to contrasting viewpoints, saying in a statement that devos is “honored” to be delivering the 2017 commencement address at bcu, and “believes that open dialogue and a willingness to work together are key to solving our nation’s most pressing issues.”
follow the author of this article on twitter: @agockowski
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ˌtɛnəˈsi ˈfrɛʃmən ˈrənɪŋ bæk ʤɑn ˈkɛli wɑz trænˈspɔrtəd tɪ ə ˈloʊkəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈtuzˌdeɪ naɪt fər prɪˈkɔʃənɛri ˈrizənz ˈæftər ˈɪnʤərɪŋ hɪz nɛk ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈpræktɪs, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈspoʊkspərsən raɪən ˈrɑbənsən. "ʤɑn ˈkɛli wɑz trænˈspɔrtəd tɪ ə ˈloʊkəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəl fər ə prɪˈkɔʃənɛri ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən ənd wɑz riˈlist," ˈrɑbənsən sɛd. ˈkɛli, ə ˈfrɛʃmən frəm oʊk pɑrk haɪ skul ɪn oʊk pɑrk, mɪʧ., həz sərvd ɛz ˌtɛnəˈsiz noʊ. 3 ˈrənɪŋ bæk bət ˈhæzənt pleɪd məʧ ɔn əˈfɛns ðɪs ˈsizən, kəˈlɛktɪŋ 88 jɑrdz ɔn 21 ˈkɛriz. gɪt jʊr ˌtɛnəˈsi ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz gɪr hir! wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈmɑnətər ðɪs dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈstɔri, bət ˈməltəpəl ˈsɔrsəz ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət laɪf wɑz ˈnɛvər ɪn ˈdeɪnʤər, ənd ðət ðə ˈæmbjələns trɪp tɪ ðə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl wɑz ˈstrɪktli ə prɪˈkɔʃənɛri ˈmɛʒər. fər mɔr nuz ɔn ˌtɛnəˈsi spɔrts ənd rɪˈkrutɪŋ, ˈfɑloʊ ɔn tˈwɪtər ˈkɑnˌtækt wɛs ˈrəkər baɪ iˈmeɪl æt wesrucker247@gmail.com*, ər ɔn tˈwɪtər ər ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk
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tennessee freshman running back john kelly was transported to a local hospital tuesday night for precautionary reasons after injuring his neck during practice, according to ut spokesperson ryan robinson.
"john kelly was transported to a local hospital for a precautionary evaluation and was released," robinson said.
kelly, a freshman from oak park high school in detroit-area oak park, mich., has served as tennessee's no. 3 running back but hasn't played much on offense this season, collecting 88 yards on 21 carries.
get your tennessee volunteers gear here!
govols247 will continue to monitor this developing story, but multiple sources insisted that kelly’s life was never in danger, and that the ambulance trip to the hospital was strictly a precautionary measure.
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for more news on tennessee sports and recruiting, follow govols247 on twitter
contact wes rucker by email at wesrucker247@gmail.com, or on twitter or on facebook
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it’s* nɑt ˈɔfən ðət ə ˈʃɑpɪŋ ˈsɛnər tərnz ˈɪntu ˈsəmθɪŋ aʊt əv ən ˌɪndiˈænə ʤoʊnz ˈmuvi, bət ðə fərst θɪŋ wi θɔt əv wɪn wi hərd ðət ə sɪˈmɛnt bɔl hæd bɪn nɑkt lus frəm ɪts bərθ ɪn frənt əv ə ˈtərgət stɔr ɪn nu ˈʤərzi ənd roʊld ˈɪntu ˈtræfɪk. ənd naʊ, ˈtərgət wɔnt tɪ peɪ fər ðə ˈdæmɪʤ ɪt kɔzd. ɔn jʊr saɪd tim həz sərˈveɪləns ˈfʊtɪʤ əv ə ˈpɪˌkəp trək ˈnəʤɪŋ ə rɛd ˈbɑlərd wɪʧ wi ˈlərnɪd təˈdeɪ ɪz ə wərd ðə brɪts juz fər ə ˈsɪriz əv ʃɔrt poʊsts dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ kip ˈviɪkəlz frəm goʊɪŋ wɛr ðeɪ ˈmɑrkɪŋ ðə frənt ˈɛntrəns əv ə stɔr ɪn pərˈæməs, nj*. ðət ˈlɪtəl bəmp kɔzd ɪt tɪ breɪk fri ənd roʊl ˈɪntu ˈtræfɪk, wɛr ɪt smæʃt ˈɪntu ə ˈmuvɪŋ kɑr. əv ˈsədən aɪ hir ðɪs kræʃ ənd ə ˈrɪli laʊd noise,”*,” ðə ˈdraɪvər sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət ʃi θɔt rən ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈoʊvər. ɪt tərnd aʊt tɪ bi ðə sɪˈmɛnt bɔl, wɪʧ baʊnst ɔf ðə saɪd əv hər kɑr ənd kɛpt ˈroʊlɪŋ ənˈtɪl əˈnəðər ˈdraɪvər ʤəmpt aʊt əv hɪz kɑr ənd stɑpt ɪt. ʤɪst gɑt hɪt baɪ ðə ˈtərgət bɪg rɛd ball,”*,” ðə ˈdraɪvər sɪz hi toʊld hər. ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ʃoʊz θri mɛn ˈroʊlɪŋ ðə bɔl bæk əˈkrɔs ðə ˈpɑrkɪŋ lɔt ənd ðɛn ˈlivɪŋ ɪt ˈbælənst ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈɛksət, wɛr ə ʧaɪld hɑps ɔn tɔp əv ɪt æt wən pɔɪnt. ðə ˈwʊmən huz kɑr wɑz hɪt sɪz ðə bɔl kɔst əˈbaʊt ɪn ˈdæmɪʤ, ənd ðət ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈkəmpəˌni peɪ fər ɪt, ˈivɪn ˈæftər ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðə weɪ ðə bɔl wɑz lɛft ˌənsɪˈkjʊrd ɪn frənt əv ðə stɔr. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ˈtərgət sɛd ʃi kʊd goʊ ˈæftər ðə ˈdraɪvər əv ðə ˈpɪˌkəp trək. pəˈlis, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wər nɑt ˈeɪbəl tɪ meɪk aʊt ðə ˈlaɪsəns pleɪt ˈnəmbər ɔn ðə trək, ənd ðə ˈwʊmən sɪz ʃi θɪŋk ðə ˈdraɪvər əv ðə trək ˈivɪn ˈriəˌlaɪzd nɑkt ðə bɔl lus. ˈtərgət ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət əˈnəðər ˈbɑlərd æt ðə seɪm loʊˈkeɪʃən hæd ˈbroʊkən ɔf deɪz əˈgoʊ, bət wʊd ˈoʊnli seɪ ðət ɪt wɑz əˈwɛr əv ðiz ˈɪnsədənts ənd ðət ɪt wɪl ɔl æt ðə stɔr. ɛz fər ðə ˈdraɪvər, ʃi sɪz bi ˈfaɪlɪŋ əˈgɛnst ˈtərgət ɪn smɔl kleɪmz kɔrt.
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it’s not often that a shopping center turns into something out of an indiana jones movie, but that’s the first thing we thought of when we heard that a two-ton cement ball had been knocked loose from its berth in front of a target store in new jersey and rolled into traffic. and now, target doesn’t want to pay for the damage it caused.
abc-7’s on your side team has surveillance footage of a pickup truck nudging a red bollard — which we learned today is a word the brits use for a series of short posts designed to keep vehicles from going where they shouldn’t — marking the front entrance of a store in paramus, nj. that little bump caused it to break free and roll into traffic, where it smashed into a moving car.
“all of sudden i hear this crash and a really loud noise,” the car’s driver said, adding that she thought she’d run something over. it turned out to be the cement ball, which bounced off the driver’s side of her car and kept rolling until another driver jumped out of his car and stopped it.
“you just got hit by the target big red ball,” the driver says he told her.
the video shows three men rolling the ball back across the parking lot — and then leaving it balanced outside the exit, where a child hops on top of it at one point.
the woman whose car was hit says the ball cost about $3,500 in damage, and that target’s insurance company won’t pay for it, even after abc-7 pointed out the way the ball was left unsecured in front of the store. instead, target said she could go after the driver of the pickup truck.
police, however, were not able to make out the license plate number on the truck, and the woman says she doesn’t think the driver of the truck even realized they’d knocked the ball loose.
target acknowledged that another bollard at the same location had broken off days ago, but would only say that it was aware of these incidents and that it will re-check all bollards at the store.
as for the driver, she says she’ll be filing against target in small claims court.
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aɪ wɑz ɪn ˈhjustən læst wik, ənd aɪ faʊnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf duɪŋ səm rɪˈmoʊt tɛk səˈpɔrt ˈoʊvər ðə foʊn. ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðə ˈhjustən ˈɔfəs ˈpeɪʃəntli ˈweɪtɪd fər mi tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ, bət geɪv mi ðə ˈstreɪnʤɪst lʊk wɪn aɪ toʊld maɪ əˈsɪstənt bæk ɪn ˈmɪʃɪgən, "jʊr goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv tɪ riˈbut ˈgɑnzoʊ ənd, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ nid tɪ maʊnt mɪs ˈpɪgi." ˈnidləs tɪ seɪ, aʊt əv ˈkɑntɛkst ðət ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən saʊnz ə bɪt ˈɔkwərd. noʊɪŋ maɪ ˈsərvərz ər ɔl neɪmd ˈæftər ˈməpət ˈkɛrɪktərz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, meɪks ɪt ˈprɪti klɪr ðət mɪs ˈpɪgi ɪz maɪ faɪl ˈsərvər, ənd ˈgɑnzoʊ ənd nid tɪ maʊnt ðə /hoʊm dɪˈrɛktəri. ðə truθ əv ðə ˈmætər ɪz, ɔl maɪ ˈsərvərz ər neɪmd ˈæftər ˈməpət ˈkɛrɪktərz, bɪˈkəz aɪ hæv ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈwɪndoʊz 2003 ˈtərmənəl ˈsərvər ðət aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ neɪm ˈænəməl, sɪns ɪt wʊd bi maɪ list ˈsteɪbəl məˈʃin. hɑr hɑr hɑr.
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i was in houston last week, and i found myself doing some remote tech support over the phone. everyone in the houston office patiently waited for me to finish, but gave me the strangest look when i told my assistant back in michigan, "you're going to have to reboot gonzo and fozzie, because they need to mount miss piggy."
needless to say, out of context that conversation sounds a bit awkward. knowing my servers are all named after muppet characters, however, makes it pretty clear that miss piggy is my file server, and gonzo and fozzie need to mount the /home directory.
the truth of the matter is, all my servers are named after muppet characters, because i have a single windows 2003 terminal server that i wanted to name animal, since it would be my least stable machine. har har har.
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ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bɛrz ənd grin beɪ ˈpækərz hæv mɛt 192 taɪmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪn ðə pleɪɔfs, ðə ˈmæʧəp ɪn ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈhɪstəri. əˈmɪd ðɪs ˈraɪvəlri wik, ðə bɛrz ənd ˈpækərz teɪk ˈsɛnər steɪʤ ɛz ðə ˈraɪvəlri. ˈəðər ˈmæʧəps hæv ˈsərtənli bərnd hɑt ɪn ðə ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl du tɪ kˈwɔrtərˌbæks (brady-manning*), hoʊm prɑkˈsɪməti (bengals-browns*), dɪˈvɪʒənəl ˈstændɪŋz (ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ist) ər ʤɪst ˈʤɛnərəl dɪsˈlaɪk (ravens-steelers*), bət nən mæʧ ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈmæʧəp. ðə ˈraɪvəlri ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn 1921 ənd sɪns ðɛn ðə tu timz hæv kəmˈbaɪnd fər ˈmɛni bɪg geɪmz ənd bɪg ˈmoʊmənts. bɪˈloʊ ɪz ə lʊk æt ðət ˈhɪstəri. hu həz ðə ɛʤ? ɪn pleɪ, ðə bɛrz hoʊld ə ɛʤ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpækərz, bət ˈoʊnli θri pɔɪnts ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ðə timz. ðə bɛrz skɔrd pɔɪnts tɪ ðə packers’*’ pɔɪnts ɪn ðoʊz ˈmitɪŋz. dɪˈspaɪt pleɪɪŋ iʧ ˈəðər sɪns 1921 ðə timz hæv mɛt ˈoʊnli twaɪs ɪn pleɪ: ðə 1941 ənd 2010 ˈsizənz. iʧ taɪm, ðə ˈwɪnər wɛnt ɔn tɪ wɪn ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp. ˈdɑmənənt ˈstrɛʧɪz ðə bɛrz ˈstɑrtɪd ðə ˈraɪvəlri wɪθ ə ˈrɛkərd əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpækərz, ˈʃətɪŋ aʊt grin beɪ ɪn fɔr əv ðə fərst faɪv geɪmz. ðə ˈpækərz wən ðə nɛkst ˈsɛvən ˈmitɪŋz, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd faɪv streɪt shutouts*, bət ðə bɛrz kənˈtroʊld ðə ˈraɪvəlri ənˈtɪl ðə 1960s*, ˈpoʊstɪŋ ə ˈrɛkərd ɪn ðət taɪm. ˈlɔŋgɪst wɪn striks ˈraɪvəlri ˈpækərz 10 bɛrz 8 ˈpækərz 7 ˈpækərz 7 ɪn ðə 60s*, ðɛr wɑz ðə raɪz əv bɑrt stɑr (ənd ðə ˈpækərz), ɛz ðeɪ wən 20 əv ðɛr nɛkst 25 geɪmz əˈgɛnst ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ. θɪŋz ˈtɪltɪd bæk ɪn ðə bɛrz' ˈfeɪvər fər məʧ əv ðə ənd 80s*, wɪθ ðə bɛrz ˈwɪnɪŋ 10 əv 11 ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə mid-80s*. ðə ˈpækərz hæv ˈteɪkən kənˈtroʊl sɪns 1992 ðoʊ. sɪns ðɛn, brɛt ˈfeɪvər ənd ˈɛrən ˈrɑʤərz hæv ˈstɑrtɪd ˈɛvəri geɪm əˈgɛnst ðə bɛrz, ˈpoʊstɪŋ ə ˈrɛkərd əˈgɛnst ðɛm (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ pleɪɔfs). ðə bɛrz hæv ˈstɑrtɪd 15 kˈwɔrtərˌbæks əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpækərz ɪn ðət taɪm. ɪn wən strɛʧ ˈəndər ˈfeɪvər, ðə ˈpækərz wɛnt əˈgɛnst ðə bɛrz. ˈfeɪvər ˈɔlsoʊ wən 11 kənˈsɛkjətɪv geɪmz ɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ frəm 1994 tɪ 2005 ˈrɑʤərz wən 10 əv 11 əˈgɛnst ðə bɛrz æt wən pɔɪnt. məʧ əv ðə packers’*’ səkˈsɛs ɪn ðə ˈraɪvəlri həz ˈsɛntərd ɔn ðɛr stɑr kˈwɔrtərˌbæks: stɑr, ˈfeɪvər ənd ˈrɑʤərz hæv ə kəmˈbaɪnd 685 ˈwɪnɪŋ pərˈsɛnɪʤ əˈgɛnst ðə bɛrz, ənd ˈɛvəri ˈəðər ˈpækərz ˈstɑrtər həz ə kəmˈbaɪnd 378 ˈwɪnɪŋ pərˈsɛnɪʤ. 22 wɪnz əˈgɛnst ðə bɛrz ɛz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə ˈpækərz ər moʊst baɪ ˈɛni kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ɪn ðə ˈraɪvəlri. ˈdɑmənənt pleɪərz ˈpækərz ˈvərsəz bɛrz ˈstɑrtərz, ˌɔlˈtaɪm wɪn ˈɛrən ˈrɑʤərz 765 brɛt ˈfeɪvər 688 bɑrt stɑr 625 ɔl ˈəðərz 378 ˈfeɪvər həz ðə haɪər kərɪr ˈtoʊtəlz, bət ˈrɑʤərz həz bɪn ðə bears’*’ wərst ˈnaɪtˌmɛr. ˈrɑʤərz ɪz ɪn hɪz kərɪr əˈgɛnst ðə bɛrz, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ə wɪn ɪn ðə 2010 ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp geɪm. ˈrɑʤərz həz kəmˈplitɪd pərˈsɛnt əv hɪz ˈpæsɪz əˈgɛnst ðə bɛrz wɪθ 35 ˈpæsɪŋ ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz 11 ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃənz). ɪn 2014 ˈrɑʤərz θru 10 ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz ənd noʊ ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃənz ɪn tu geɪmz əˈgɛnst ðə bɛrz. ˈwɔltər ˈpeɪtən wɑz ˈikwəli gʊd əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpækərz. ˈpeɪtən pleɪd 24 geɪmz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpækərz ˈrɛkərd) ənd ˈævrɪʤd 100 jɑrdz ˈrəʃɪŋ ɪn ðoʊz geɪmz. ˈpeɪtən rəʃt fər jɑrdz jɑrdz pər rəʃ) wɪθ 19 ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpækərz. bæd bləd ˈnæʧərəli ə ˈraɪvəlri ɛz ɛz wʊd gɪt ˈhitɪd æt taɪmz. θɪŋz əˈpɪrd tɪ hɪt ðɛr pik ɪn ðə 80s…*… ɪn 1980 ˈæftər ə bɛrz ˈvɪktəri, stɑr ðɛn ðə ˈpækərz' hɛd koʊʧ ʧɑrʤd əˈkrɔs ðə fild tɪ kənˈfrənt bɛrz koʊʧ nil ˈɑrmˌstrɔŋ fər ˈhɛvəli ɪn ðə fɔrθ kˈwɔrtər. ɪn 1985 ðə bears’*’ ˈsupər ˈsizən, ðə ˈpækərz lɛft hɔrs məˈnʊr ɪn ðə bɛrz' ˈlɑkər rum wɪn ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ˈtrævəld tɪ læmˈboʊ fild. ðə bɛrz wən ðət geɪm ə jɪr ˈleɪtər, ˈpækərz dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈtækəl ˈʧɑrəlz ˈmɑrtɪn hæd ə list”*” əv bɛrz ˈnəmbərz ɔn ə taʊəl hi wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə geɪm, ʤɪm məkˈmæn θru ən ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃən, ˈmɑrtɪn græbd məkˈmæn frəm bɪˈhaɪnd ənd slæmd ɪm ˈɪntu ðə tərf, ˈɪnʤərɪŋ ˈʃoʊldər ənd ˈɛndɪŋ hɪz ˈsizən. ɑdz ənd ɛndz ðə ˈraɪvəlri ˈstɑrtɪd noʊv. 21 1921 wɪθ ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ dɪˈfitɪŋ ðə ˈpækərz ðə bɪˈkeɪm ðə bɛrz ðə nɛkst jɪr. ðə læst taɪm ðə ˈpækərz ənd bɛrz feɪs iʧ ˈəðər ɪn ə ˈsizən wɑz 1982 ðə ˈsizən prɪˈvɛnɪd ðə dɪˈvɪʒənəl ˈraɪvəlz frəm ˈfeɪsɪŋ ɔf. ðə geɪm ɪn ðə ˈraɪvəlri əˈkərd ɪn 1955 wɪn ðə bɛrz bit ðə ˈpækərz ðə geɪm wɑz ə taɪ ɪn 1932 ðɛr wər ˈɔlsoʊ tu geɪmz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd baɪ ə ˈfaɪnəl skɔr əv 1932 ənd 1938 ðə ˈlɑrʤəst bloʊaʊt wɑz ə bɛrz ˈvɪktəri ɪn 1980 ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈʃəˌtaʊt ˈvɪktəri wɑz baɪ ðə ˈpækərz ɪn 1962 wən əv ðə fju ˈpæsɪŋ ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz ɪn ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl ˈhɪstəri əˈkərd ɪn ə geɪm. ˈfeɪvər hɪt ˈrɑbərt brʊks fər 99 jɑrdz ɪn 1995 ˈrɑʤərz ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli pleɪər tɪ θroʊ fər sɪks ˈtəʧˌdaʊnz ɪn ə geɪm. hi dɪd ɪt ɪn ðə fərst hæf əv ə ˈvɪktəri ɪn 2014
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the chicago bears and green bay packers have met 192 times, including in the playoffs, the most-played matchup in nfl history. amid this rivalry week, the bears and packers take center stage as the nfl’s pre-eminent rivalry.
other matchups have certainly burned hot in the nfl due to quarterbacks (brady-manning), home proximity (bengals-browns), divisional standings (the entire nfc east) or just general dislike (ravens-steelers), but none match the history of the bears-packers matchup. the rivalry started in 1921, and since then the two teams have combined for many big games and big moments. below is a look at that history.
who has the edge?
in regular-season play, the bears hold a 93-91-6 edge against the packers, but only three points separate the teams. the bears scored 3,247 points to the packers’ 3,244 points in those meetings.
despite playing each other since 1921, the teams have met only twice in postseason play: the 1941 and 2010 seasons. each time, the winner went on to win the championship.
dominant stretches
the bears started the rivalry with a 7-1-3 record against the packers, shutting out green bay in four of the first five games. the packers won the next seven meetings, which included five straight shutouts, but the bears controlled the rivalry until the 1960s, posting a 49-26-6 record in that time.
longest win streaks bears-packers rivalry start-end packers 10 1994-98 bears 8 1985-88 packers 7 2000-03 packers 7 1928-30
in the '60s, there was the rise of bart starr (and the packers), as they won 20 of their next 25 games against chicago.
things tilted back in the bears' favor for much of the '70s and '80s, with the bears winning 10 of 11 during the mid-80s. the packers have taken control since 1992, though. since then, brett favre and aaron rodgers have started every game against the bears, posting a 35-14 record against them (including playoffs). the bears have started 15 quarterbacks against the packers in that time.
in one stretch under favre, the packers went 18-2 against the bears. favre also won 11 consecutive games in chicago from 1994 to 2005. rodgers won 10 of 11 against the bears at one point.
much of the packers’ success in the rivalry has centered on their star quarterbacks: starr, favre and rodgers have a combined .685 winning percentage against the bears, and every other packers starter has a combined .378 winning percentage.
favre’s 22 wins against the bears as a member of the packers are most by any quarterback in the rivalry.
dominant players packers qbs vs bears starters, all-time w-l win pct aaron rodgers 13-4 .765 brett favre 22-10 .688 bart starr 15-9 .625 all others 42-71-6 .378
favre has the higher career totals, but rodgers has been the bears’ worst nightmare. rodgers is 13-4 in his career against the bears, which includes a win in the 2010 nfc championship game.
rodgers has completed 67.2 percent of his passes against the bears with 35 passing touchdowns (11 interceptions). in 2014, rodgers threw 10 touchdowns and no interceptions in two games against the bears.
walter payton was equally good against the packers. payton played 24 games against the packers (17-7 record) and averaged 100 yards rushing in those games. payton rushed for 2,484 yards (4.7 yards per rush) with 19 touchdowns against the packers.
bad blood
naturally a rivalry as long-standing as bears-packers would get heated at times. things appeared to hit their peak in the '80s…
in 1980, after a 61-7 bears victory, starr -- then the packers' head coach -- charged across the field to confront bears coach neill armstrong for blitzing heavily in the fourth quarter.
in 1985, the bears’ super bowl-winning season, the packers left horse manure in the bears' locker room when chicago traveled to lambeau field. the bears won that game 16-10.
a year later, packers defensive tackle charles martin had a “hit list” of bears numbers on a towel he was wearing. during the game, jim mcmahon threw an interception, martin grabbed mcmahon from behind and slammed him into the turf, injuring mcmahon’s shoulder and ending his season.
odds and ends
- the rivalry started nov. 21, 1921, with the chicago staleys defeating the packers 20-0. the staleys became the bears the next year.
- the last time the packers and bears face each other in a season was 1982. the strike-shortened season prevented the divisional rivals from facing off.
- the highest-scoring game in the rivalry occurred in 1955, when the bears beat the packers 52-31. the lowest-scoring game was a 0-0 tie in 1932. there were also two games decided by a final score of 2-0 (1932 and 1938).
- the largest blowout was a 61-7 bears victory in 1980. the biggest shutout victory was 49-0 by the packers in 1962.
- one of the few 99-yard passing touchdowns in nfl history occurred in a bears-packers game. favre hit robert brooks for 99 yards in 1995.
- rodgers is the only player to throw for six touchdowns in a bears-packers game. he did it in the first half of a 55-14 victory in 2014.
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ˈleɪbər ˈlidər ˈʤɛrəˌmi həz ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈkəvərɪʤ əv ˈrisənt ˈtɛrərɪst əˈtrɑsətiz ɪn ˈlɛbənən ənd ˈtərki, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðeɪ ˈhɑrdli ˈɛni publicity”*” kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈtæks. meɪd klɪr hi faʊnd ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈtæks ““appalling,”*,” bət ərʤd ðə prɛs tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ɛz ˈfeɪθfəli ɔn ˈsɪmələr ɪˈvɛnts ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈjʊrəp. hi əˈkjuzd ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈmidiə əv ðə ˈdɛdli əˈtæks baɪ ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt (ˈfɔrmərli isis/isil*) ɔn ðə ˈlɛbəˌniz ˈkæpɪtəl, beɪˈrut, ənd ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈkæpɪtəl, ˈæŋkərə. səm 43 ˈpipəl wər kɪld ənd ˈhənərdz ˈwundɪd ɪn tu ˈsuɪˌsaɪd bɔm əˈtæks ɪn ə ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈɛriə əv beɪˈrut læst ˈθərzˌdeɪ, waɪl ɪkˈsploʊʒənz ɪn ˈæŋkərə læst mənθ kɪld 102 ˈpipəl ənd ˈɪnʤərd ˈoʊvər 400 ju ˈrɪli θɪŋk ˈpipəl ər goʊɪŋ tɪ kɛr əˈbaʊt beɪˈrut ɛz məʧ ɛz ˈpɛrɪs? ə fɔls ɪkˈwɪvələns ɪn ˈɛvəri weɪ. ˈkɑlɪd səˈlɑm (@mrkhalids*) noʊˈvɛmbər 16 2015 waɪl ˈaɪsəs kleɪmd riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər ðə beɪˈrut ˈbɑmɪŋ, noʊ wən həz jɛt kleɪmd riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər ðə ˈæŋkərə əˈtæk, ˌɔlˈðoʊ wən əv ðə ˈbɑmərz ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ hæv hæd lɪŋks tɪ ˈaɪsəs. θɪŋk fərst əv ɔl wət ˈhæpənd ɪn ˈpɛrɪs wɑz əˈpɔlɪŋ, ðɪs ɪz ə ˈvaɪbrənt, ˌməltiˈkəlʧərəl ˈsɪti, jəŋ ˈpipəl əv ɔl feɪθs, ənd ˈoʊldər ˈpipəl ɛz wɛl, ɔl ðɛr təˈgɛðər, ənd ˈkəlʧərz, ənd ðɪs ˈtɛrəbəl θɪŋ happened,”*,” toʊld ləreɪn ˈkɛli ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ. ““likewise*, wɪʧ ənˈfɔrʧənətli gɪt ˈhɑrdli ˈɛni pəˈblɪsɪti, wɑz ðə ˈbɑmɪŋ ɪn beɪˈrut læst wik ər ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ ɪn ˈtərki. aɪ θɪŋk ɑr ˈmidiə nidz bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ rɪˈpɔrt θɪŋz ðət ˈhæpən ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈjʊrəp ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌɪnˈsaɪd. ə laɪf ɪz ə life.”*.” ˈkɑmɛnts ˈɛkoʊd ðət əv ˈlɛbəˌniz ˈdɔktər ˈɛli fɛrz, hu roʊt ɔn hɪz blɔg ðət ðə dɛθs ɪn beɪˈrut hæd bɪn ˈtritɪd ɛz ““irrelevant”*” kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ˈpɛrɪs. maɪ ˈpipəl daɪd, noʊ ˈkəntri ˈbɑðərd tɪ laɪt əp ɪts ˈlændˌmɑrks ɪn ðə ˈkələrz əv ðɛr flag,”*,” ˈɛli fɛrz roʊt. maɪ ˈpipəl daɪd, ðeɪ dɪd nɑt sɛnd ðə wərld ˈɪntu ˈmɔrnɪŋ. ðɛr dɛθ wɑz bət ən ˌɪˈrɛləvənt flɛk əˈlɔŋ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl nuz ˈsaɪkəl, ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ˈhæpənz ɪn ðoʊz pɑrts əv ðə world.”*.” sɪns ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈtæks, ˈsɛvərəl ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈjuzərz hæv drɔn ɔn ðɪs θim tɪ ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈmidiə ˈkəvərɪʤ əv ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm əraʊnd ðə wərld. ɪf wi ər goʊɪŋ tɪ kənˈdɛm ðə əˈtæks ɪn ˈpɛrɪs, wi məst kənˈdɛm əˈtæks ɪn beɪˈrut, ˈæŋkərə, ˈrəʃən pleɪn. ˈwɛstərn ˈfreɪmɪŋ ɪz əbˈsərd. ˈɑmɛd (@tazzystar*) noʊˈvɛmbər 14 2015 ˌhaʊˈɛvər səm rɪˈpɔrtərz hæv dɪˈspjutɪd ðə kleɪm, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət ðə əˈtrɑsətiz ɪn beɪˈrut ənd ˈæŋkərə wər ˈkəvərd ˈfʊli æt ðə taɪm. ˈgugəl nuz ənd ju wɪl faɪnd ˈpeɪʤɪz ənd ˈpeɪʤɪz əv rɪˈpɔrts əv ðə əˈtæks ɪn beirut,”*,” roʊt ˈʤərnəlɪst ˈmɑrtɪn belam*. ənd ˈpeɪʤɪz ənd ˈpeɪʤɪz. ˈoʊvər ˈɑrtɪkəlz ɪn fækt: lɑts əv wɪʧ ðə əˈtæks ɪn paris.”*.” waɪ doʊnt wi hæv ə "ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈseɪfti ʧɛk" fər ðə ˈæŋkərə ər beɪˈrut əˈtæks? səm lɪvz ər mɔr ˈwərði ðən ˈəðərz. ˈwɛstərn lɪvz ˈmætər. (@erkanbayir_en*) noʊˈvɛmbər 14 2015 ˈfeɪsˌbʊk həz ˈɔlsoʊ kəm ˈəndər ˈskrutəni fər ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ðə ˈseɪfti ʧɛk ˈɔpʃən fər ˈjuzərz beɪst ɪn ˈpɛrɪs ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə əˈtæks ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, waɪl noʊ səʧ ˈɔpʃən wɑz ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ˈrɛzɪdənts əv beɪˈrut ʤɪst ə fju deɪz ˈərliər. vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt fər groʊθ, ˈæləks ʃʊlts, sɛd ðə ˈseɪfti ʧɛk ˈpɑləsi wɑz ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ. həz tɪ bi ə fərst taɪm fər traɪɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ nu, ˈivɪn ɪn ˈkɑmplɛks ənd ˈsɛnsɪtɪv taɪmz, ənd fər ˈjuˈɛs ðət wɑz paris,”*,” hi sɛd. ʃʊlts sɛd ðə ˈfəŋkʃən wɑz lɛs ˈjusfəl ɪn ˈɛriəz ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ wɔrz ənd ˌɛpəˈdɛmɪks bɪˈkəz, wɪˈθaʊt ə klɪr ɛnd pɔɪnt, ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ noʊ wɪn ˈsəmˌwən ɪz ˈtruli ‘‘safe.’”*.’”
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labour leader jeremy corbyn has criticized the mainstream media’s coverage of recent terrorist atrocities in lebanon and turkey, arguing they “got hardly any publicity” compared with the paris attacks.
corbyn made clear he found the paris attacks “appalling,” but urged the press to report as faithfully on similar events outside europe.
he accused british media of under-playing the deadly attacks by islamic state (formerly isis/isil) on the lebanese capital, beirut, and the turkish capital, ankara.
some 43 people were killed and hundreds wounded in two suicide bomb attacks in a residential area of beirut last thursday, while explosions in ankara last month killed 102 people and injured over 400.
you really think people are going to care about beirut as much as paris? a false equivalence in every way. khalid salaam (@mrkhalids) november 16, 2015
while isis claimed responsibility for the beirut bombing, no one has yet claimed responsibility for the ankara attack, although one of the bombers is believed to have had links to isis.
“i think first of all what happened in paris was appalling, this is a vibrant, multicultural city, young people of all faiths, and older people as well, all there together, and cultures, and this terrible thing happened,” corbyn told itv’s lorraine kelly on monday morning.
“likewise, which didn’t unfortunately get hardly any publicity, was the bombing in beirut last week or the killing in turkey. i think our media needs be able to report things that happen outside of europe as well as inside. a life is a life.”
corbyn’s comments echoed that of lebanese doctor elie fares, who wrote on his blog that the deaths in beirut had been treated as “irrelevant” compared with paris.
“when my people died, no country bothered to light up its landmarks in the colors of their flag,” elie fares wrote.
“when my people died, they did not send the world into mourning. their death was but an irrelevant fleck along the international news cycle, something that happens in those parts of the world.”
since the paris attacks, several internet users have drawn on this theme to criticize mainstream media coverage of terrorism around the world.
if we are going to condemn the attacks in paris, we must condemn attacks in beirut, ankara, & russian plane. western framing is absurd. taz ahmed (@tazzystar) november 14, 2015
however some reporters have disputed the claim, arguing that the atrocities in beirut and ankara were covered fully at the time.
“search google news and you will find pages and pages of reports of the attacks in beirut,” wrote journalist martin belam.
“pages and pages and pages. over 1,286 articles in fact: lots of which pre-date the attacks in paris.”
why don't we have a "facebook safety check" for the ankara or beirut attacks? some lives are more worthy than others. western lives matter. erkan bayir (@erkanbayir_en) november 14, 2015
facebook has also come under scrutiny for implementing the safety check option for users based in paris following the attacks on friday, while no such option was given to residents of beirut just a few days earlier.
facebook’s vice president for growth, alex shultz, said the company’s safety check policy was evolving.
“there has to be a first time for trying something new, even in complex and sensitive times, and for us that was paris,” he said.
shultz said the function was less useful in areas experiencing ongoing wars and epidemics because, without a clear end point, “it’s impossible to know when someone is truly ‘safe.’”
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grin laɪt. fɔrd roʊd, ˈdɪrˌbɔrn. aɪ flɔr ðə 4,950-pound*, ˈtɛzlə səˈdæn ənd aɪ æm ˈbrifli ɛz maɪ nɛk streɪnz əˈgɛnst əv ˈɪnstənt ɪˈlɛktrɪk tɔrk. ʤɪst ˈsɛkəndz ˈleɪtər aɪ hɪt 60 ˈɛmˈpiˈeɪʧ. ˈleɪtər. ˌɪnˈseɪn, raɪt? noʊ, ˈludəkrəs. nɑt ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd wɪθ ɪts, all-wheel-drive*, 2015 ˈmɑdəl ɛs wɪʧ ridɪˈfaɪnd səˈdæn ˌækˌsɛlərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ən ““insane”*” moʊd ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈsɛkəndz ˈtɛzlə həz gɔn kəmˈplitli ˈbɑŋkərz wɪθ ðə. ˈmɪksɪŋ mɔr ˈbætəri ʤus wɪθ ə dæʃ əv smɑrt fjuz tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ˈəltəmət (fər naʊ) ˈmɑdəl ɛs pərˈfɔrməns ˈmɑdəl ˈprɑməsəz ˈsɛkənd taɪmz ɪn ““ludicrous”*” moʊd. ðɪs ɪz rɛr, kɑr ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri. ˈivɪn ˈrɛrər ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ jʊr hænz ɔn wən. ˈtɛzlə brɔt ə fər mi tɪ tɛst ɪn ˈdiˌtrɔɪt ðɪs wik tɪ ˈwɪtnəs ðə ˈfæstəst səˈdæn fərst hænd. ɪf ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ɪz city”*” ˈæftər nu jɔrk, ðɛn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ɪz ˈmoʊtər city”*” bɪˈhaɪnd ˈdiˌtrɔɪt. kɔl ɪt ðə ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈmoʊtər ˈsɪti, ənd ɪt ɪz prəˈdusɪŋ ə nu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv kɑz ðət ər ridɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ðə ˈɔtoʊ ˈlænˌskeɪp. ˈtaɪni, ɔˈtɑnəməs wɔnts tɪ ˈfɛri ˈgrændmɑ əraʊnd taʊn waɪl æt ðə ˈəðər ɛnd əv ðə ˈspɛktrəm, ðə 196-inch*, ˈmɑdəl ɛs kəmˈpits əˈgɛnst ˈləgʒəri ˈaɪˌkɑnz laɪk mərˈseɪdiz ənd 7-series*. bət ðə ˌɪnˈseɪn ənd ˈludəkrəs ˈtərgət ˈfæstər fɪʃ laɪk ənd ˈɔdi ˈfɪzɪkəli, ðə fully-loaded*, (pi fər pərˈfɔrməns, 90 fər 90 ɪn ˈbætəriz, di fər all-wheel-drive*) ɪz ˈlɪtəl ʧeɪnʤd frəm ðə beɪs, ˈmɑdəl ɛs 70d*. seɪm ˈgɔrʤəs, ˈʤægˌwɑr ˈfɪgjər. seɪm ˈspeɪʃəs ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈæŋkərd baɪ ən ɪˈnɔrmɪs ɪn ðə ˈsɛnər ˈkɑnsoʊl. θri jɪrz sɪns ɪt ˈdeɪbjutɪd æt ðə ˈdiˌtrɔɪt ˈɔtoʊ ʃoʊ, ðə ˈkɑnsoʊl stɪl waʊz ɛz aɪ slɪp ˈɪntu ðə sit. ɛnˈhænst baɪ ðə ˈleɪtəst ʧɪp frəm ˈsɪləkən nvidia*, ðə skrin rɪˈspɑndz ˈɪnstəntli tɪ maɪ təʧ wɪθ ə ˈgugəl ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən æp ðət ɪz ɛz ˈkrɪspli dɪˈteɪld ɛz maɪ ˈdɛskˌtɑp kəmˈpjutər. ˈəndər ðə skɪn, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈtɛzlə həz ˈædɪd ə draɪv ˈsɪstəm wɪθ ə ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈmoʊtər ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtɪŋ ðə frənt wilz əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə ˈbɪgər, ˈmoʊtər ɪn ðə rɪr. ðə əˈdɪʃənz nɑt ˈoʊnli meɪks ðə (ənd ˈsɪstər) mɔr ˈpælətəbəl fər ˈdiˌtrɔɪt ˈwɪntərz, bət ˈɔlsoʊ gɪvz ɪts ˈmɪʃələn ˈpaɪlət ˈsupər spɔrts ənˈpɛrəˌlɛld grɪp ɔf ðə laɪn. haʊ məʧ grɪp? ðə ɪz mɔr ðən ə kˈwɪkər ðən ðə dɑʤ ˈʧɑrʤər hellcat*. ʤɪst eɪt gɪt tɪ 60 ˈɛmˈpiˈeɪʧ ˈfæstər: ðə ˈnisɑn nismo*, ˌlæmbərˈgini huracan*, məˈklɛrən 650s*, ˈpɔrʃə 911 ˈtərboʊ ɛs, ˌlæmbərˈgini aventador*, bəˈgɑti veyron*, ˈpɔrʃə 918 spyder*, ənd fərˈɑri (ðə ˈfæstəst kɑr ɪn ðə wərld æt jɛt ðə ˈmɑdəl ɛs pərˈfɔrmz ɪts fit ˈɛfərtləsli. ˈsaɪləntli. ən ɪkˈspɪriəns ɔl ɪts oʊn. ðə əˈfɔrˌmɛnʃənd spid kɪŋz ɔl ˌrikˈwaɪər lɔnʧ kənˈtroʊl moʊdz tɪ hɪt ðɛr ˈtɑrgəts. lɔnʧt ðə fərˈoʊʃəs kɔrˈvɛt fər ɪgˈzæmpəl (æt ˈsɛkəndz ˈivɪn ðə kəmz əp ʃaɪ əv ðə). tərn ðə tɪ træk moʊd. tæp ðə ˈbətən ɔn tɔp əv ðə wəns tɪ tərn ɔf ˈtrækʃən kənˈtroʊl. tæp əˈgɛn tɪ sɛt. pʊʃ ðə kləʧ tɪ ðə flɔr. flɔr ðə ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtər ənˈtɪl ðə ˈlɛvəlz æt ə ˈbɛloʊɪŋ, ˈɑrˈpiˈɛm. kɑr əˈlɑrmz ˈirəpt. maɪ ɪrz blid. ðɛn aɪ lɔnʧ laɪk ə ˈtaɪtən ˈrɑkət. nɑt ðə. səˈlɛkt ““ludicrous”*” moʊd frəm ðə ʤaɪənt ˈaɪˌpæd skrin. ðɛn stɑmp ðə θˈrɑtəl. ðə ˈtɛzlə ʃuts frəm ðə ˈstɑˌplaɪt laɪk ə ˈbʊlət frəm ə ˈməzəld gən. ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈvaɪələns əv lɔnʧ kənˈtroʊl ɪn ˌkɔrˈvɛts, ˈpɔrʃɪz, ənd hellcats*, aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər pərˈfɔrmd ɪt ɔn ə ˈpəblɪk roʊd. ɪn ðə ˈtɛzlə, baɪ ˈkɑntræst, aɪ juzd ɪt ˈməltəpəl taɪmz əraʊnd ˈdɪrˌbɔrn. ənd aɪ ˈbɛrli broʊk ðə 50 ˈɛmˈpiˈeɪʧ spid ˈlɪmət, ˈɔfɪsər 10 ˈoʊˈkeɪ, jɛs?). ðə ɪz ˈhɑrdli ə wən trɪk ˈpoʊˌni. laɪk ɔl ˈmɑdəl ɛs kɑz ɪts ˈbætəriz ər ɪn ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə kɑr ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə ˈmɑdəl ɛs ə loʊ ˈsɛnər əv ˈgrævɪti 18 ˈɪnʧɪz ɔn pɑr wɪθ ə saɪən spɔrts kɑr. ɛz rɪˈzəlt, ɪt filz rɪˈmɑrkəbli ˈsteɪbəl fər ə ˈviɪkəl ðət tɪps ðə skeɪlz æt ðə seɪm weɪt ɛz ə fɔrd θroʊ ɪt ˈɪntu ˈkɔrnərz ənd ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl ˈbɑdi roʊl ɪts ˈnuli ˈboʊlstərd sits ˈkreɪdəlɪŋ mi frəm ðə saɪd g-forces*. ʃʊr, ˈludəkrəs moʊd its əp ˈbætəri, bət wɪθ 90 ɔn hænd, ðə reɪnʤ gɪvz ˈplɛnti əv ˈmɑrʤən fər ˈɛrər wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈmɛˌtroʊ ˈɛriə. ə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈmɑrvəl frəm tɪ ˈkɑnsoʊl, ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr (naʊ ɔn ˈvərʒən gɪvz ˈplɛnti əv ˈwɔrnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈdraɪvər. streɪ frəm ˈmɛˌtroʊ ˈdiˌtrɔɪt ənd ʧeɪn əv ɪz groʊɪŋ wɪθ ˈrisənt əˈdɪʃənz ɪn æn ˈɑrbər ənd grænd ˈræpɪdz. soʊ proʊˈlɪfɪk ər ðə ˈnəmbərz ðət ɪt həz ˈgɔtən ðə əˈtɛnʃən əv ˈpɔrʃə wɪʧ həz sin seɪlz dɪˈklaɪn sɪns ðə ˈmɑdəl ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən. noʊ ˈæksədənt ðət ˈpɔrʃə ʤɪst ˈdeɪbjutɪd ɪts ˈkɑnsɛpt səˈdæn ɪn ˈfræŋkfərt. lɛt ðə ˈsɛkənd səˈdæn wɔrz bɪˈgɪn. ˈhɛnri peɪn ɪz ˈɔtoʊ ˈkrɪtɪk fər ðə ˈdiˌtrɔɪt nuz. faɪnd ɪm æt ənd tˈwɪtər @henryepayne*. si ɔl hɪz henrypayne.com*. rɛd ər ʃɛr ðɪs ˈstɔri:
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green light. ford road, dearborn. i floor the 4,950-pound, battery-powered tesla p90d sedan and i am briefly light-headed as my neckrains against 1.1 g-loads of instant electric torque. just 2.86 seconds later i hit 60 mph. two-point-eight-seconds later.
insane, right? no, ludicrous.
not satisfied with its all-electric, all-wheel-drive, 762-horsepower 2015 model s p85d which redefined sedan acceleration with an “insane” mode capable of 3.2 seconds 0-60 tesla has gone completely bonkers with the p90d. mixing more battery juice with a dash of smart fuse technology, tesla’s ultimate (for now) model s performance model promises sub-3 second 0-60 times in “ludicrous” mode.
this is rare, super-sports car territory. even rarer is getting your hands on one. tesla brought a p90d for me to test in detroit this week to witness the world’s fastest sedan first hand.
if chicago is america’s “second city” after new york, then san francisco is america’s “second motor city” behind detroit. call it the electric motor city, and it is producing a new generation of electron-powered cars that are redefining the auto landscape. google’s tiny, autonomous marshmallow-bot wants to ferry grandma around town while at the other end of the spectrum, the 196-inch, seven-seat model s competes against luxury petrol-engine icons like mercedes s-class and bmw’s 7-series.
but the insane p85d and ludicrous p90d target faster fish like porsche’s panamera and audi s7.
physically, the fully-loaded, $139,700 p90d (p for performance, 90 for 90 kwh in lithium-ion batteries, d for all-wheel-drive) is little changed from the base, $75,000 model s 70d. same gorgeous, jaguar xf-like figure. same spacious interior anchored by an enormous ipad-like touchscreen in the center console. three years since it debuted at the detroit auto show, the consoleill wows as i slip into the driver’s seat. enhanced by the latest chip from silicon valley’s nvidia, the screen responds instantly to my touch with a google earth-driven navigation app that is as crisply detailed as my desktop computer.
under the skin, however, tesla has added a torque-vectoring all-wheel drive system with a 259-horse electric motor motivating the front wheels along with a bigger, 503-horsepower motor in the rear. the additions not only makes the p90d (and sister p85d) more palatable for detroit winters, but also gives its michelin pilot super sports unparalleled grip off the line.
how much grip? the p90d is more than a half-second quicker than the 707-horsepower dodge charger srt hellcat. just eight supercars get to 60 mph faster: the nissan gt-r nismo, lamborghini huracan, mclaren 650s, porsche 911 turbo s, lamborghini aventador, bugatti veyron, porsche 918 spyder, and ferrari laferrari (the fastest car in the world at 2.4).
yet the model s performs its feat effortlessly. silently. it’s an experience all its own.
the aforementioned gas-powered speed kings all require launch control modes to hit their 0-60 targets. i’ve launched the ferocious corvette z06, for example (at 2.95 seconds 0-60, even the 650-horse z06 comes up shy of the p90d). turn the selector to track mode. tap the button on top of the selector once to turn off traction control. tap again to set. push the clutch to the floor.
floor the accelerator until the tachometer levels at a bellowing, 4,500 rpm. car alarms erupt. my ears bleed. then i launch like a titan rocket.
not the p90d. select “ludicrous” mode from the giant ipad screen. thenomp the throttle. the tesla shoots from theoplight like a bullet from a muzzled gun.
given the violence of launch control in corvettes, porsches, and hellcats, i have never performed it on a public road. in the tesla, by contrast, i used it multiple times around dearborn. and i barely broke the 50 mph speed limit, officer (10 over’s ok, yes?).
the p90d is hardly a one trick pony.
like all model s cars its batteries are in the bottom of the car giving the model s a low center of gravity 18 inches on par with a scion fr-s sports car. as result, it feels remarkablyable for a vehicle that tips the scales at the same weight as a ford f-150. throw it into corners and there is little body roll its newly bolstered seats cradling me from the side g-forces.
sure, ludicrous mode eats up battery, but with 90 kwh on hand, the tesla’s 270-mile range gives plenty of margin for error within the metro area. a digital marvel from driveline to console, the car’s constantly-updated software (now on version 6.2) gives plenty of warning to the driver.ray from metro detroit and tesla’s chain of superchargers is growing with recent additions in ann arbor and grand rapids.
so prolific are the tesla’s numbers that it has gotten the attention of porsche which has seen panamera sales decline since the model s’s introduction. no accident that porsche just debuted its all-electric mission-e concept sedan in frankfurt. let the sub-3 second sedan wars begin.
henry payne is auto critic for the detroit news. find him at hpayne@detroitnews.com and twitter @henryepayne. see all his henrypayne.com.
read or share thisory: http://detne.ws/1kyiifr
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ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən baɪ din trɪp ˈæskɪŋ fər ˈmɪljən ɪz ˈnɛvər ˈizi, bət ˈθiəˌdɔr braʊn nu hɪz pɪʧ wʊd bi ə ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli təf sɛl. ɛz fər ˈrisərʧ æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌɪləˈnɔɪz æt ɪn ðə ˈərli 1980s*, braʊn hæd bɪn tæskt wɪθ səˈlɪsətɪŋ ə ˈmeɪʤər doʊˈneɪʃən frəm ˈwɛlθi ˈkɛmɪst ənd ˌɑntrəprəˈnʊr ˈɑrnəld ˈbɛkmən, ə ˈgræʤəˌweɪt əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ˈbɛkmən wɑz ˈhɛzɪtənt, bɪˈlivɪŋ ðət ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ʃʊd rɪˈsiv moʊst əv ɪts səˈpɔrt frəm ðə steɪt. soʊ braʊn ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ dɪˈvaɪz ə ˈprɑʤɛkt laɪk ˈnəθɪŋ hi hæd ˈɛvər sin ˌbiˈfɔr. ɪn 1983 hi ənd hɪz ˈkɑligz pʊt təˈgɛðər ə prəˈpoʊzəl fər ən ˈɪnstɪˌtut ðət hæd ˈlɪtəl ʧæns əv biɪŋ ˈfəndɪd θru ˈnɔrməl ˈʧænəlz. ɪt wʊd dɪˈfaɪ ðə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ðət dɪˈfaɪnz ˈmɛni ˈmɑdərn ˌjunəˈvərsətiz, ˈbrɪŋɪŋ təˈgɛðər ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈdɪfərənt dɪˈpɑrtmənts ənd ˌɪnˈdusɪŋ ðɛm tɪ wərk təˈgɛðər ɔn ˈkɑmən ˈprɑʤɛkts. braʊn ˈɑrgjud ðət ɪt wʊd əˈlaʊ ˈfækəlti ˈmɛmbərz tɪ ˈtækəl ˈbɪgər ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ənd səˈsaɪɪtəl kˈwɛsʧənz ðən ðeɪ ˈnɔrməli kʊd. ˈprɑbləmz ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs təˈdeɪ, ðə wənz ˈrɪli wərθ ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn, ər ˈkɑmplɛks, ˌrikˈwaɪər səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd ɪkˈwɪpmənt ənd ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl tulz, ənd ʤɪst doʊnt jild tɪ ə ˈnɛroʊ approach,”*,” hi sɪz. trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈstrəkʧər əv ˌjunəˈvərsəti dɪˈpɑrtmənts ənd ˈkɑlɪʤɪz wɑz nɑt kənˈdusɪv tɪ koʊˈɑpərˌeɪtɪv, ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri work.”*.” ɪt wɑz ən ˈərli ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðə pʊʃ fər ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈrisərʧ ðət ɪz naʊ sˈwipɪŋ ˌjunəˈvərsətiz əraʊnd ðə gloʊb. ˌɔlˈðoʊ braʊn wɑz nɑt kəmˈplitli əˈloʊn ðə ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈsænə feɪ ˈɪnstɪˌtut ɪn nu ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd əraʊnd ðə seɪm taɪm hi wɑz ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈkrɔsɪŋ ˈbaʊndəriz ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt bɪˈkeɪm ˈfæʃənəbəl. ənd hɪz prəˈpoʊzəl mɛt strɔŋ rɪˈzɪstəns. dɪˈpɑrtmənt hɛdz ˈfrɛtɪd ðət ˈfækəlti ˈmɛmbərz ənd ðɛr grænts wʊd bi snæʧt əˈweɪ. səm ˈkɑligz skɔrnd braʊnz aɪˈdiə əv kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˈoʊpən ˈɔfəs ˈspeɪsɪz tɪ ˈfɑstər ˌɪnərˈækʃənz bɪtˈwin ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts: ˈʃʊrli ðə dɪn wʊd meɪk ɪt ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ gɪt ˈsɪriəs wərk dən. ənd ðɛn ðɛr wɑz ðə ˈstɪgmə. ˈrisərʧ ɪz fər ˈpipəl hu ˈɑrənt gʊd ɪˈnəf tɪ meɪk ɪt ɪn ðɛr oʊn field,”*,” ən ˌɪˈləstriəs ˈfɪzɪsɪst ˈʧaɪdɪd. bət ˈbɛkmən laɪkt ðə aɪˈdiə ənd kəˈmɪtɪd ðə fʊl ˈæskɪŋ praɪs æt ðət taɪm, ðə ˈpraɪvət doʊˈneɪʃən tɪ ə ˈjuˈɛs ˈpəblɪk ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ə fju ˈhɛktɪk jɪrz ˈleɪtər, ðə ˈbɛkmən ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ədˈvænst saɪəns ənd tɛkˈnɑləʤi wɑz bɔrn. ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut ˈstrəgəld tɪ rɪˈkrut ə kˈwɑləˌfaɪd dɪˈrɛktər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ teɪk ə ʧæns ɔn ðə nu ˈmɑdəl, soʊ braʊn tʊk ðə hɛlm. sun, lɑrʤ grænts frəm ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz səʧ ɛz ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv dɪˈfɛns ənd ðə ˈnæʃənəl saɪəns faʊnˈdeɪʃən pɔrd ɪn, ˈmɛni ˈkrɪtɪks. baɪ ðə taɪm braʊn lɛft ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut ɪn 1993 ˈəðər ˈlidɪŋ ˌjunəˈvərsətiz wər ˈsɛndɪŋ ˌdɛləˈgeɪʃənz ðɛr tɪ lərn frəm ðə ˈmɑdəl. ˈrisərʧərz frəm ˈbɛkmən wɪʧ naʊ həz mɔr ðən 200 əˈfɪliˌeɪtɪd ˈfækəlti ˈmɛmbərz hæv əˈʧivd rɪˈzəlts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈhɛlpɪŋ tɪ kriˈeɪt wən əv ðə fərst ˈgræfɪkəl wɛb ˈbraʊzərz. sɪns ðə ˈbɛkmən wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd, ðə ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈmɑdəl həz sprɛd əraʊnd ðə wərld, ˈkaʊnərɪŋ ðə trɛnd təˈwɔrdz ˌspɛʃələˈzeɪʃən ðət hæd ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd saɪəns sɪns ðə ˈsɛkənd wərld wɔr. ˈɪnstɪˌtuts hæv ˈspraʊtɪd əp ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈjʊrəp, ʤəˈpæn, ˈʧaɪnə ənd ɔˈstreɪljə, əˈməŋ ˈəðər ˈpleɪsɪz, ɛz ˈrisərʧərz sik tɪ sɑlv ˈkɑmplɛks ˈprɑbləmz səʧ ɛz ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ, səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti ənd ˈɪʃuz. ðə ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri trɛnd kən bi sin ɪn ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən ˈdætə, wɛr mɔr ðən ˌwənˈθərd əv ðə ˈrɛfərənsɪz ɪn ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈpeɪpərz naʊ pɔɪnt tɪ ˈəðər ˈdɪsəplənz. ˈprɑbləmz ɪn ðə wərld ər nɑt problems,”*,” sɪz ˈʃɛrən ˈdɛri, ən ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl saɪˈkɑləʤəst æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə æt ˈʧæpəl hɪl hu ˈstədiz. hæv tɪ brɪŋ ˈpipəl wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt kaɪnz əv skɪlz ənd ˌɛkspərˈtiz təˈgɛðər. noʊ wən həz ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðæts ˈnidɪd tɪ dil wɪθ ðə ˈɪʃuz ðət wɪr facing.”*.” ˈivɪn soʊ, səˈpɔrtərz əv ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈrisərʧ seɪ ðət ɪt həz bɪn sloʊ tɪ kæʧ ɔn, ənd ðoʊz hu du krɔs ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈdɪsəplənz feɪs ˈmeɪʤər ˈʧælənʤɪz wɪn əˈplaɪɪŋ fər grænts, ˈsikɪŋ pərˈmoʊʃənz ər səbˈmɪtɪŋ ˈpeɪpərz tɪ ˈʤərnəlz. ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz, ˈsaɪəntɪsts seɪ, ðə trɛnd ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ðən ə ˈfæʃənəbəl ˈleɪbəl. ə juʤ pʊʃ tɪ kɔl jʊr wərk interdisciplinary,”*,” sɪz ˈdeɪvɪd wʊd, ə ˌbaɪoʊˌɛnʤəˈnɪr æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ɪn ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs. ðɛrz stɪl rɪˈzɪstəns tɪ duɪŋ ˈækʧəwəl ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri science.”*.” ˈhaɪli ˈdɪsəplənd ðə aɪˈdiə əv dɪˈvaɪdɪŋ ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu dɪˈskrit ˈkætəˌgɔriz deɪts bæk tɪ ˈpleɪtoʊ ənd ˈɛrəˌstɑtəl, bət baɪ ðə ˈsɪkˈstinθ ˈsɛnʧəri, ˈfrænsɪs ˈbeɪkən ənd ˈəðər fəˈlɑsəfərz wər ˈmɔrnɪŋ ðə ˌfrægmənˈteɪʃən əv ˈnɑlɪʤ. wən ˈprɑbləm leɪ ɪn ðə ˈræpɪd groʊθ əv saɪəns: ðɛr wɑz tu məʧ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən sprɛd əˈkrɔs ðə ˈdɪsəplənz fər ˈɛni wən ˈpərsən tɪ ˈhændəl. saɪəns hɪˈstɔriən ˈpitər ˈwaɪŋgɑrt əv ˈbilɪfɛld ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ˈʤərməni pɔɪnts tɪ kɑrl ˈtritəs ɛz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl: bɪtˈwin ɪts fərst ɪˈdɪʃən ɪn 1735 ənd ɪts læst ɪn 1768 ðə ˈkætəˌlɔg swɛld frəm 10 ˈpeɪʤɪz tɪ ˈkəvərɪŋ ˈspiʃiz. ɪn ðə ˈnaɪnˈtinθ ˈsɛnʧəri, ðə ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈbaʊndəriz əv ðə ˈmɑdərn ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ teɪk rut. ðə ˈdɪsəplənz sərʤd ɪn ˈnəmbər ənd paʊər ˈæftər ðə ˈsɛkənd wərld wɔr, ɛz ˈneɪʃənz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈbustɪd ðɛr ˈrisərʧ səˈpɔrt. ðə ˈmoʊmənt wɪn ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ˌɪnˈkrist exponentially,”*,” sɪz ˈvɪnsɪnt larivière*, ən ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsaɪəntɪst æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌməntriˈɔl ɪn ˈkænədə. ðə saɪz əv ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˌɪnˈkrist baɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ mɔr departments.”*.” ˈtɛnʧənz bɪtˈwin ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪd ə pɑrt, sɪz ˈwaɪŋgɑrt. ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛts ˈboʊstɪd ə ˈrisərʧ ˈproʊˌgræm gɪrd təˈwɔrdz ˈsɑlvɪŋ səˈsaɪɪtəl ˈprɑbləmz, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər tɪ bust fud sɪˈkjʊrəti. baɪ ˈkɑntræst, ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɛzɪdənt dwaɪt ˈaɪzənˌhaʊər ˈɑrgjud ðət ˈbeɪsɪk ˈrisərʧ ʃʊd bi untethered*. ðə fild əv ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˌɛksplərˈeɪʃən, tru ˈfridəm kən ənd məst bi practised,”*,” hi sɛd ɪn ə 1959 spiʧ. ənd ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈbeɪsɪk ˈrisərʧ nid nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli bi ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri, ɪt dɪz nɑt hæv ðə seɪm ˈprɛʃər təˈwɔrdz ɛz dɪz əˈplaɪd ˈrisərʧ. ˈspɛʃəltiz prəˈlɪfərˌeɪtɪd ɛz ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈdɪsəplənz wər rɪˈpitɪdli ˌsəbdɪˈvaɪdɪd. baɪˈɑləʤi wɑz splɪt ˈɪntu ˈbɑtəni ənd zoʊˈɑləʤi, ðɛn ˈɪntu ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri baɪˈɑləʤi, məˈlɛkjələr baɪˈɑləʤi, ˌmaɪkrəˌbaɪˈɑləʤi, ˌbaɪoʊˈkɛmɪˌstri, ˌbaɪoʊˈfɪsɪks, ˌbaɪoʊˌɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ənd mɔr. leɪt læst jɪr, ˈʤɛri ˈʤeɪkəbz, ə ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪst æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə, ˈkaʊntɪd ðə ˈnəmbər əv dɪˈpɑrtmənts æt ˈmɪʃɪgən steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ist ˈlænsɪŋ. ðɛr wər ˈnɪrli 40 hæv tɪ brɪŋ ˈpipəl wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt kaɪnz əv skɪlz ənd ˌɛkspərˈtiz təˈgɛðər. noʊ wən həz ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðæts needed.”*.” frəm ðɪs ˈθɪkɪt, ðə tərm 'ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri' ˈimərʤd. ðə ˈərliəst saɪˈteɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈɑksfərd ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛri deɪts bæk tɪ dɪˈsɛmbər 1937 ɪn ə ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤi ˈʤərnəl. bət ˈivɪn æt ðət taɪm, səm bɪˈlivd ðət ðə wərd wɑz ɔˈrɛdi ˌoʊvərˈjuzd. ɪn ə rɪˈpɔrt tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns ˈrisərʧ ˈkaʊnsəl ɪn ˈɔgəst ðət jɪr, ə ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪst æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ɪn ˌɪləˈnɔɪz ləmpt 'interdisciplinarity*' ɪn wɪθ ˈəðər ˈfreɪzɪz ənd sˈloʊgənz wɪʧ wər nɑt səˈfɪʃəntli ˈkrɪtɪkəli examined”*” ˈaɪtəmz 40 1988 ɛz ən ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈmuvmənt, kɔt ɔn ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ənd həz bɪn groʊɪŋ ˈɛvər sɪns, sɪz larivière*. hi ˈkrɛdɪts ðət raɪz ɪn pɑrt tɪ ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz, wɪʧ bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈstɑkˌpaɪl səbˈskrɪpʃənz ənd ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈrisərʧərz' ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈʤərnəlz ɪn ɔlˈtərnətɪv fildz. ə ˈpɑrtɪkəl ˈfɪzɪsɪst kʊd mɔr ˈizəli braʊz baɪˈɑləʤi ˈʤərnəlz, seɪ. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈfoʊkɪs bɪˈgæn tɪ ʃɪft frəm ˈbeɪsɪk ˈrisərʧ ənd ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈlɪbərˌti bæk tɪ səˈsaɪɪtəl ˈprɑbləmz səʧ ɛz ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl prəˈtɛkʃən, wɪʧ kən ˈrɛrli bi ˈtækəld baɪ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈdɪsəplən. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts wɑz nɑt əˈloʊn: ɪn 1994 ən ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl bʊk ˈpɑrʃəli ˈspɑnsərd baɪ ðə sˈwidɪʃ ˈkaʊnsəl fər ˈplænɪŋ ənd koʊˌɔrdəˈneɪʃən əv ˈrisərʧ kɔld ðə nu pərˈdəkʃən əv ˈnɑlɪʤ (seɪʤ) prɪˈdɪktɪd, əˈməŋ ˈəðər θɪŋz, ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri fˈjuʧər ɛz saɪəns siks tɪ sɑlv ˈsoʊʃəli ˈrɛləvənt kˈwɛsʧənz. ðət bʊk hæd ən ˌɪmˈpækt, sɪz larivière*, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjənz fɪθ ˈfreɪmˌwərk ˈfəndɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm, wɪʧ ræn frəm 1998 tɪ 2002 ənd ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzd ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri, ˈrisərʧ. sun, ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈɪnstɪˌtuts bɪˈgæn tɪ spraʊt əp əraʊnd ðə wərld, iʧ wɪθ ɪts oʊn juˈnik ˈstrəkʧər ənd ˈpərpəs. wən əv ðə fərst, ðə ˈsænə feɪ ˈɪnstɪˌtut, ˈfaʊndɪd ɪn 1984 ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn əˈplaɪɪŋ ədˈvænst ˌmæθəˈmætɪks ənd ˌkɑmpjuˈteɪʃənəl skɪlz tɪ ə reɪnʤ əv ˈdɪsəplənz. ˈəðərz, səʧ ɛz ðə ˌmæsəˈʧusəts ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv tɛkˈnɑləʤiz ˈdeɪvɪd eɪʧ. kɔʧ ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˈkænsər ˈrisərʧ ɪn ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ, ər ðə ˈrisərʧ ˈkæmpəs ɪn ˈæʃbərn, vərˈʤɪnjə, ˈtækəl kˈwɛsʧənz wɪˈθɪn ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈdɪsəplən bət drɔ ɪn wərk frəm ˈəðər fildz. ənd səm, səʧ ɛz ðə ˈmɑˌnæʃ səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti ˈɪnstɪˌtut ɪn ˈkleɪtən, ɔˈstreɪljə, ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈprɑbləmz. ˈivɪn ɛz ðə trɛnd geɪnd moʊˈmɛntəm, ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈrisərʧərz kənˈtɪnjud tɪ hɪt ðə seɪm ˈhərdəlz ðət braʊn hæd ɪnˈkaʊnərd. ɪn 1998 ˈkɛmɪst ˈrɪʧərd æt ˈstænfərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə hɛlpt tɪ lɔnʧ ðə ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈɪnstɪˌtut. bət ən ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈkɑlig ərʤd ɪm nɑt tɪ muv hɪz læb ˈɪntu ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ. duɪŋ soʊ wʊd ɛˈsɛnʃəli teɪk əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈkɛmɪstri dɪˈpɑrtmənt ənd hɪz kəˈmɪti ənd ˈtiʧɪŋ ˈdutiz ðɛr, ðə ˈkɑlig ˈɑrgjud, ˈwikənɪŋ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi wɑz wɛl ɪˈstæblɪʃt, ˈwərid əˈbaʊt goʊɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt. wɑz ˈvɛri serious,”*,” hi sɪz. ðə rɪsk ɪz ˈivɪn ˈgreɪtər fər jəŋ prəˈfɛsərz ˈsikɪŋ ˈtɛnjər, hi noʊts. ɪn 2004 ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə groʊɪŋ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri wərk ənd ðə ˈʧælənʤɪz ðət feɪs ðoʊz hu əˈtɛmpt ɪt ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈnæʃənəl əˈkædəmiz riˈlist ə rɪˈpɔrt kɔld fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪŋ ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈrisərʧ. ðə ˈɔθərz ədˈvaɪzd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz tɪ loʊər ˈbɛriərz, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl baɪ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈbəʤɪts ˈflɛksəbəl soʊ ðət kɔsts kʊd bi ʃɛrd əˈkrɔs dɪˈpɑrtmənts. ɪz ˈkɑnstənt ˈprɛʃər ɔn mi tɪ meɪk ə cross-faculty*, əˈlaɪəns. ɪf aɪ wɔnt tɪ bɪld ə nu ˈbɪldɪŋ, ðə mɔr ˈælaɪz aɪ hæv, ðə ˈiziər ɪt ɪz tɪ reɪz ðə money.”*.” ðə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən dru ə lɑrʤ ˈɔdiəns. ɪt həz bɪn ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪd mɔr ðən taɪmz ənd hæd ˌɪmˈpækt bɪɔnd ˈjuˈɛs ʃɔrz. æt ˈdʊˈrhæm ˌjunəˈvərsəti,, sɪz ˈfɪzɪsɪst tɑm məˈkliʃ, ædˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtərz rɪˈfərd tɪ ðə rɪˈpɔrt wɪn ðeɪ wər ˈfɔrʤɪŋ ə ˈsɪriz əv ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈsɛntərz. əraʊnd ðət taɪm, məˈkliʃ wɑz ˈsərvɪŋ ɛz əv ˈrisərʧ, ənd sɔ ɛz ə weɪ tɪ meɪk ðə smɔl ˌjunəˈvərsəti ʃaɪn ɔn ðə wərld steɪʤ. hi ˈbætəld wɪθ dɪˈpɑrtmənt ʧɛrz hu fɪrd ðət ðə ˈsɛntərz wʊd rɪˈdus ðɛr ˈbəʤɪts, ənd hi wərkt tɪ sɛt əp ə pərˈmoʊʃən ˈsɪstəm ðət rɪˈwɔrdz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ɔn lɑrʤ tim grænts ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ɛz ðoʊz ɔn grænts. ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti naʊ həz ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈsɛntərz ɔn ˈtɑpɪks ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm rɪˈzɪljəns boʊθ ɛkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ənd ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl tɪ ðə ˈhɪstəri əv mɪˈdjivəl saɪəns. ðə ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri trɛnd ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ groʊɪŋ ɪn ˈeɪʒə. ɪn 2000 ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈnæʧərəl saɪəns faʊnˈdeɪʃən əv ˈʧaɪnə (nsfc*) leɪd aʊt ə plæn fər ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈrisərʧ, ənd ˌjunəˈvərsətiz hæv lɔnʧt ˈsɛvərəl ˈsɛntərz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst ˈdɛkeɪd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə əˈkædəmi fər ədˈvænst ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈstədiz æt ˈpiˈkɪŋ ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ. ðə plænz tɪ lɔnʧ ˈfərðər ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈprɑʤɛkts ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ jɪrz, sɪz zɛŋ, ˈdɛpjəti əv ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃənz ˈbjʊroʊ əv saɪəns ˈpɑləsi. ɪz ə dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ country,”*,” hi sɪz. ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ənd ˈɪnstɪˌtuts kən kˈwɪkli sɛt əp səm nu ˈsɛntərz wɪʧ rɪˈflɛkt ðə nu trɛnd ɪn ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri research.”*.” ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr ɪˈstæblɪʃt ɪts ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈgræʤəˌweɪt skul ɪn 2012 ɪt ɔˈrɛdi həz 335 ˈstudənts, aʊt əv ə ˈtoʊtəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈproʊˌgræm, wɪʧ bɪlz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz ðə fərst əv ɪts kaɪnd ɪn ˈeɪʒə, wɑz dɪˈzaɪnd ɪn pɑrt tɪ ɪkˈspænd ðə ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ ˈɔpʃənz, sɪz boʊ liedberg*, din əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. bɪˈkəz ˈɪndəstri ɪz ˈɔfən ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈrilˌwərld ˈprɑbləmz ðət krɔs ˈdɪsəplənz, ən ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈproʊˌgræm kʊd ˈfɑstər mɔr ˌkɑləbərˈeɪʃənz wɪθ ˈbɪznɪs, hi ˈrizənz. ðət ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ɛz ə ˈrɛvəˌnu strim ɪz ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd, sɪz ˈmərlɪn ˈkrɑsli, ə məˈlɛkjələr baɪˈɑləʤɪst ənd din əv ðə ˈfækəlti əv laɪf ˈsaɪənsɪz æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv nu saʊθ weɪlz ɪn ˈsɪdni, ɔˈstreɪljə. ɪz ˈkɑnstənt ˈprɛʃər ɔn mi tɪ meɪk ə cross-faculty*, alliance,”*,” hi sɪz. aɪ wɔnt tɪ bɪld ə nu ˈbɪldɪŋ, ðə mɔr ˈælaɪz aɪ hæv, ðə ˈiziər ɪt ɪz tɪ reɪz ðə money.”*.” ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ˈtɛmpi sɔ ɪts ˈfɛdərəl ˈfəndɪŋ raɪz baɪ 162 frəm 2003 tɪ 2012 ɛz ɪt prəˈmoʊtəd əˈkrɔs ɪts ˈkæmpəs. dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs ˈprɛʃər, riʧ rɪˈmeɪnz ˈmɑdəst. fər ˈɛvəri ər ˈdʊˈrhæm, ðɛr ər ˈhənərdz əv ˌjunəˈvərsətiz ðət hæv nɑt ɛmˈbreɪst sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ʧeɪnʤ. dɪˌpɑrtˈmɛnəl rɪˈmeɪn ɪn pleɪs ənd ɪn paʊər æt moʊst ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz, sɪz ˈnænsi ˈændrisən, ə nˈjʊroʊˌsaɪənɪst æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈaɪəwə ɪn ˈaɪəwə ˈsɪti hu ðə kəˈmɪti ðət roʊt ðə ˈnæʃənəl əˈkædəmiz rɪˈpɔrt mɔr ðən ə ˈdɛkeɪd əˈgoʊ. həz bɪn ən ɪˈnɔrmɪs disappointment.”*.” tim wərk fər ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ər ðət hæv ɛmˈbreɪst, ðə trænˈzɪʃən həz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ˈizi. ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən mɪˈsteɪk ɪz ˌəndərˈɛstɪˌmeɪtɪŋ ðə dɛpθ əv kəˈmɪtmənt ənd ˈpərsɪnəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ˈnidɪd fər ə səkˈsɛsfəl ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈprɑʤɛkt, sɪz ˈlɔrə mɑr, ə kənˈsəltənt beɪst nɪr ˈænˌdruz,, hu ˈkoʊʧɪz ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri timz. si ˈpipəl hu θɪŋk ɪts nɑt məʧ mɔr ðən ˈsteɪpəlɪŋ ə bənʧ əv tɪ ðə bæk əv ə proposal,”*,” ʃi sɪz. doʊnt ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ɪt teɪks taɪm tɪ bɪld ə relationship.”*.” wɪn ðə pʊʃ fər kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən kəmz frəm ðə tɔp, səm əv ðət ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈpərsɪnəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps kʊd bi lɔst ˈlivɪŋ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt tɪ ˈsəfər, ʃi sɪz. ðə ˈɛnərʤi ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛntər (ukerc*) ɪn ˈləndən, wɪʧ sɪns 2004 həz koʊˈɔrdəneɪtɪd ənd ˈkɛrid aʊt ˈrisərʧ, ˈlərnɪd haʊ ˈdɛləkət ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps kən bi, sɪz mɑrk, ə ˈsoʊʃəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈsaɪəntɪst æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈɛdənbəroʊ hu ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtəd ðə fərst ˈdɛkeɪd. ɪts ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈfaɪvˌjɪr feɪz wɛnt wɛl, hi sɪz, ənd ˈkəlməˌneɪtɪd ɪn ə ki ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən: ˈɛnərʤi 2050 wɪʧ ˈsɪnθɪˌsaɪzd ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz rɪˈzəlts ənd trænzˈleɪtəd ðɛm ˈɪntu ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃənz. bət ðə nɛkst ˈfaɪvˌjɪr feɪz feɪld tɪ ˈproʊdus ə ˈsɪmələr əˈʧivmənt. si ˈpipəl hu θɪŋk ɪts nɑt məʧ mɔr ðən ˈsteɪpəlɪŋ ə bənʧ əv tɪ ðə bæk əv ə prəˈpoʊzəl. ðeɪ doʊnt ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ɪt teɪks taɪm tɪ bɪld ə relationship.”*.” ˈsərˌveɪd ˈmɛmbərz ənd faʊnd ðət ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə ˈstrəkʧər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈoʊpən ɪt tɪ ə ˈwaɪdər kəmˈjunɪti fər ɪgˈzæmpəl baɪ ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl raʊnz əv frɛʃ grænts ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv feɪz tu hæd ˈəpˌsɛt səm ɪˈstæblɪʃt ˈlɔŋˈtərm riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps. bɪˈkeɪm ə mɔr dɪˈvərs kəmˈjunɪti əv ˈskɑlərz ənd disciplines,”*,” hi sɪz. ðət ˈɔlsoʊ minz ju bɪˈkəm lɛs cohesive.”*.” ðə ˈlərnɪd frəm ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns: ɪts θərd feɪz, lɔnʧt ɪn meɪ 2014 eɪmz tɪ prəˈvaɪd mɔr stəˈbɪlɪti fər kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪv riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪəntɪsts ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈɔfən feɪs ðət læk əv koʊˈhiʒən, sɪz ˈtɑməs ˈhɛbərˌlaɪn, ə ˈsoʊʃəl saɪˈkɑləʤəst æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv wisconsin–madison*. wɪn ˈfəndərz ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz ðə səˈsaɪɪtəl ˌɪmˈpækts əv ðə wərk ðeɪ səˈpɔrt, ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪəntɪsts ər ˈɔfən kɔld ɪn tɪ əˈsɛs ðə ˈbrɔdər ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz əv ə ˈprɑʤɛkt. bət, hi sɪz, ɪt ɪz ˈɑbviəs ənd ˌɪnˈsəltɪŋ wɪn ə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪəntɪst ɪz æst tɪ ʤɔɪn ə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɛz ə weɪ tɪ tɪk ə bɑks, wɪˈθaʊt ə tru kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈdɪsəplən ˈɪntu ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈstrəgəl ˈsɛvərəl ˈstədiz hæv faʊnd ðət ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪəntɪsts ər lɛs ˈlaɪkli ðən ˈrisərʧərz ɪn ˈəðər ˈdɪsəplənz tɪ wɔnt tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈprɑʤɛkts. fər ˈhɛbərˌlaɪn, hu həz lɔŋ kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪd wɪθ ɪˈkɑləʤɪsts ənd ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈsaɪəntɪsts, wən əv ðə ˈstəmbəlɪŋ blɑks ɪz wət hi kɔlz hiˈʤɛməni əv ðə ˈnæʧərəl sciences”*”. ðoʊz ˈdɪsəplənz tɛnd tɪ bi hɛld ɪn haɪər ɛˈstim ðən mɔr kˈwɑləˌteɪtɪv fildz səʧ ɛz ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪənsɪz, ənd ðeɪ ər dimd mɔr ˈrɪgərəs baɪ ˈfəndərz ənd ˈrisərʧərz, hi sɪz. ðət ɪmˈbæləns lidz tɪ frəˈstreɪʃən ənd ˌəndərˈmaɪnz kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən. ˈhɛbərˌlaɪn, huz ˌspɛʃiˈælɪti ɪz ɪn kənˈdəktɪŋ ˈsərˌveɪz əv ˈpəblɪk əˈpɪnjənz, sɪz ðət ˈnæʧərəl ˈsaɪəntɪsts ˈɔfən nɑˈivli səˈʤɛst ðət ðeɪ kən dɪˈzaɪn ənd ˈɛksəˌkjut ˈsərˌveɪz ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈjuzɪŋ ən ˈɪntərˌnɛt tul səʧ ɛz surveymonkey*. ˈhɛbərˌlaɪn dɪsəˈgriz: ˈrɪli hɑrd tɪ du ðə stəf wi do,”*,” hi sɪz. ˈmɛʒərmənts ər complicated.”*.” læk əv rɪˈspɛkt kən rən ɪn ˈmɛni dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz wɪn ˈdɪfərənt kaɪnz əv ˈrisərʧərz kəm təˈgɛðər. wʊd sɪz ðət ər ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈkɔʃənd əˈgɛnst ˈhævɪŋ ðɛr grænts rivˈjud baɪ ˈpænəlz əv baɪˈɑləʤɪsts, hu meɪ bi dɪsˈmɪsɪv əv ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ˈrisərʧ goʊlz ənd ˈmɛʒərmənts. bət hi həz ˈɔlsoʊ sərvd ɔn ˌrivˈju ˈpænəlz ɪn wɪʧ ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz hæv riˈkɔɪld æt ðə ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz əv ˈklɪnɪkəl ˈrisərʧ. ɛz mɔr ˈrisərʧərz bɪˈkəm ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri wərk, ðə mˈjuʧuəl səˈspɪʃən həz ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ iz. ðɛr hæv ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn səm saɪnz əv səkˈsɛs ɪn ðə ˈfəndɪŋ ərˈinə. ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪnstɪˌtuts əv hɛlθ (nih*), fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, sɪz ðət ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri prəˈpoʊzəlz fɛr ɛz wɛl ɛz, ər sˈlaɪtli ˈbɛtər ðən, mɔr kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈrisərʧ ˈkaʊnsəl, baɪ ˈkɑntræst, həz ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri grænt prəˈpoʊzəlz ɔn ˈævərɪʤ du nɑt fɛr ɛz wɛl ɪn ˌrivˈju ˈpænəlz ɛz ˈprɑʤɛkts ðət ər ˈnɛroʊər ɪn skoʊp. ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr fər ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ mɪkst. ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈrisərʧərz hæv lɔŋ kəmˈpleɪnd ðət ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ gɪt ðɛr ˈpeɪpərz ˈɪntu ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈʤərnəlz. ˈhɛbərˌlaɪn sɪz ðət ðə raɪz əv ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈʤərnəlz həz hɛlpt ɪn hɪz fild, bət hi ˈwəriz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈstændərd əv səm əv ðə ˈpeɪpərz ðeɪ ˈpəblɪʃ. ənd hi kˈwɛsʧənz ðə ˈwɪzdəm əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənts əˈkrɔs ˈdɪsəplənz ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ hæv ˌɪˈmərst ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn ðə əv wən ˈɛriə. gɑt tɪ dɪˈvɛləp jʊr ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri skɪlz first,”*,” hi sɪz. bæd nuz ɪz ðə kˈwɑləti əv ðɪs ˈrisərʧ ɪz ˈprɪti bæd ənd meɪ bi ˈgɪtɪŋ worse.”*.” ˈmɛni vju ðə ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl pʊʃ fər ɛz ən ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ɪn ˈprɑˌgrɛs. ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃənz hæv ˈbeɪgən, bət ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈdætə ɔn wət kaɪnd əv ˈdɪfərəns ðɪs meɪks ər nɑt in,”*,” sɪz skɑt frickel*, ə ˌsoʊsiˈɑləʤɪst æt braʊn ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ˈprɑvədəns, roʊd ˈaɪlənd. ɛz mɔr ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz əˈdɑpt nu weɪz tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ˈrisərʧ, səm ər ˈɔlsoʊ traɪɪŋ tɪ riˈθɪŋk ðɛr əˈsɛsmənt ˈprɑsɛsəz, sɪz məˈkliʃ. ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, vərˈɑnɪkə stræŋ æt ˈdʊˈrhæm ənd məˈkliʃ riˈlist ə rɪˈpɔrt kɔld ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪŋ ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈrisərʧ, ənd hi wɑz səˈpraɪzd wɪn ˌækəˈdɛmɪk səˈsaɪɪtiz ənd ˈfəndərz flɑkt tɪ lərn mɔr. ˈdɪdənt ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ðət wid bi ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt ˈɪntu ən ˈætməsˌfɪr wɛr ˈɛvriˌwən wɔnts tɪ noʊ this,”*,” hi sɪz. ənd ðə peɪs əv ʧeɪnʤ ˈvɛriz əˈkrɔs ðə gloʊb. ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ðə ræn ə ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ ˈstɪmjəˌleɪt ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈrisərʧ frəm 2004 tɪ 2012 ɪt rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn səm ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, səʧ ɛz ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ˈməltəpəl ˈprɪnsəpəl ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ɔn wət hæd bɪn kənˈsɪdərd grænts ə swɪʧ ðət riˈmuvd ə ˌdɪsɪnˈsɛntɪv tɪ kəˈlæbərˌeɪt. sɪns ðɛn, ðə ˈeɪʤənsi həz nɑt pərˈsivd ə nid tɪ ˈfɑloʊ əp wɪθ ˈɛni ˈəðər ˌɪnˈsɪnɪvz, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət ðɛr ər mɔr ðən ˈæktɪv ˈrisərʧ ˈprɑʤɛkts ðət bɪl ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri. ˈʤɛnərəl sɛns ɪz ðət ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈrisərʧ həz bɪˈkəm ə ˈvɛri ˈstændərd weɪ əv duɪŋ science,”*,” sɪz ˈbɛtsi ˈwaɪldər, hɛd əv ðə ˈɔfəs əv strəˈtiʤɪk koʊˌɔrdəˈneɪʃən. ˈrɪli pərˈveɪdz funding.”*.” ɪn səm ˈəðər ˈkəntriz, ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt həz ʤɪst ˈbeɪgən. ˈkɛmɪst ajayaghosh*, dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪnstɪˌtut fər ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri saɪəns ənd tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪn thiruvananthapuram*, ˈɪndiə, sɪz ðət moʊˈmɛntəm ɪz ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn hɪz ˈkəntri tɪ prəˈmoʊt mɔr ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈprɑʤɛkts. ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈfɪzɪsɪst ˈtɛtˌsuoʊ lɛft ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ɪn pɑrt bɪˈkəz hi fɛlt ðət ðə ˈbaʊndəriz bɪtˈwin ˈdɪsəplənz wər tu ˈhɛvəli ɛnˈfɔrst ðɛr. ɪn 2013 hi ʤɔɪnd ðə ˈrisərʧ ˈɪnstɪˌtut ɪn ˈwækoʊ, ʤəˈpæn, ənd lɔnʧt ən ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri tim əv ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl ˈfɪzɪsɪsts, ˈkɛmɪsts ənd baɪˈɑləʤɪsts tɪ wərk aʊt tɛkˈniks ðət wɪl ækˈsɛlərˌeɪt ɔl θri fildz. hi hoʊps ðət ðə ˈɛfərt wɪl ˈstɪmjəˌleɪt mɔr ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri wərk ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl bɪˈhaɪnd ˈəðər countries,”*,” hi sɪz. saɪəns ɪz ə gʊd ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz ˈizi fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ interact.”*.” səm 25 jɪrz ˈæftər ɪt ˈoʊpənd, ðə ˈbɛkmən ˈɪnstɪtuts ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ɪn ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈrisərʧ həz bɪn ə səkˈsɛs, sɪz braʊn. ðə ˈsɛntər kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ əˈtrækt dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ˈfækəlti ˈmɛmbərz ənd lɑrʤ tim grænts læst jɪr ɪt wən ə ˈrisərʧ ˈkɑnˌtrækt wərθ əp tɪ ˈmɪljən frəm ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənts ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ədˈvænst ˈrisərʧ ˈprɑʤɛkts ækˈtɪvɪti ˈproʊˌgræm ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən fər səʧ ˈməni həz ˌɪnˈkrist ɛz mɔr ˌjunəˈvərsətiz bɪld ˌɪntərˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri timz. ənd braʊn ˈbrɪsəlz æt ðə səˈʤɛsʧən ðət ðə ˈgloʊbəl pʊʃ fər maɪt bi ə fæd. ˈænsər ɪz ə riˈsaʊndɪŋ 'no',”*',” hi sɪz. hæv ʧeɪnʤd naʊ ˈpipəl ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn bɪg ˈprɑbləmz, ənd ɪf ju goʊ fər ə bɪg ˈprɑbləm ju nid tɪ bi interdisciplinary.”*.”
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illustration by dean trippe
asking for us$40 million is never easy, but theodore brown knew his pitch would be a particularly tough sell. as vice-chancellor for research at the university of illinois at urbana–champaign in the early 1980s, brown had been tasked with soliciting a major donation from wealthy chemist and entrepreneur arnold beckman, a graduate of the university. beckman was hesitant, believing that the university should receive most of its support from the state. so brown decided to devise a project like nothing he had ever seen before.
in 1983, he and his colleagues put together a proposal for an institute that had little chance of being funded through normal channels. it would defy the powerful disciplinary cartography that defines many modern universities, bringing together members of different departments and inducing them to work together on common projects. brown argued that it would allow faculty members to tackle bigger scientific and societal questions than they normally could.
“the problems challenging us today, the ones really worth working on, are complex, require sophisticated equipment and intellectual tools, and just don't yield to a narrow approach,” he says. “the traditional structure of university departments and colleges was not conducive to cooperative, interdisciplinary work.”
it was an early example of the push for interdisciplinary research that is now sweeping universities around the globe. although brown was not completely alone — the interdisciplinary santa fe institute in new mexico was founded around the same time — he was advocating crossing boundaries before it became fashionable. and his proposal met strong resistance. department heads fretted that faculty members — and their grants — would be snatched away. some colleagues scorned brown's idea of creating open office spaces to foster interactions between graduate students: surely the din would make it impossible to get serious work done. and then there was the stigma. “interdisciplinary research is for people who aren't good enough to make it in their own field,” an illustrious physicist chided.
but beckman liked the idea and committed the full $40-million asking price — at that time, the largest-ever private donation to a us public university. a few hectic years later, the 29,000-square-metre beckman institute for advanced science and technology was born.
the institute struggled to recruit a qualified director willing to take a chance on the new model, so brown took the helm. soon, large grants from organizations such as the department of defense and the national science foundation poured in, hushing many critics. by the time brown left the institute in 1993, other leading universities were sending delegations there to learn from the model. researchers from beckman — which now has more than 200 affiliated faculty members — have achieved attention-grabbing results, including helping to create one of the first graphical web browsers.
since the beckman was founded, the interdisciplinary model has spread around the world, countering the trend towards specialization that had dominated science since the second world war. cross-cutting institutes have sprouted up in the united states, europe, japan, china and australia, among other places, as researchers seek to solve complex problems such as climate change, sustainability and public-health issues. the interdisciplinary trend can be seen in publication data, where more than one-third of the references in scientific papers now point to other disciplines. “the problems in the world are not within-discipline problems,” says sharon derry, an educational psychologist at the university of north carolina at chapel hill who studies interdisciplinarity. “we have to bring people with different kinds of skills and expertise together. no one has everything that's needed to deal with the issues that we're facing.”
even so, supporters of interdisciplinary research say that it has been slow to catch on, and those who do cross academic disciplines face major challenges when applying for grants, seeking promotions or submitting papers to high-impact journals. in many cases, scientists say, the trend is nothing more than a fashionable label. “there's a huge push to call your work interdisciplinary,” says david wood, a bioengineer at the university of minnesota in minneapolis. “but there's still resistance to doing actual interdisciplinary science.”
highly disciplined
the idea of dividing academic inquiry into discrete categories dates back to plato and aristotle, but by the sixteenth century, francis bacon and other philosophers were mourning the fragmentation of knowledge.
one problem lay in the rapid growth of science: there was too much information spread across the disciplines for any one person to handle. science historian peter weingart of bielefeld university in germany points to carl linnaeus's taxonomic treatise systema naturae as an example: between its first edition in 1735 and its last in 1768, the catalogue swelled from 10 pages to 2,300, covering 7,000 species.
in the nineteenth century, the disciplinary boundaries of the modern university started to take root. the disciplines surged in number and power after the second world war, as nations, particularly the united states, boosted their research support. “it's the moment when universities increased exponentially,” says vincent larivière, an information scientist at the university of montreal in canada. “and the size of the university increased by creating more departments.”
tensions between the united states and the soviet union also played a part, says weingart. the soviets boasted a research programme geared towards solving societal problems, for example improving agriculture to boost food security. by contrast, us president dwight eisenhower argued that basic research should be untethered. “in the field of intellectual exploration, true freedom can and must be practised,” he said in a 1959 speech. and although basic research need not necessarily be disciplinary, it does not have the same pressure towards interdisciplinarity as does applied research.
specialities proliferated as individual disciplines were repeatedly subdivided. biology was split into botany and zoology, then into evolutionary biology, molecular biology, microbiology, biochemistry, biophysics, bioengineering and more. late last year, jerry jacobs, a sociologist at the university of pennsylvania in philadelphia, counted the number of biology-related departments at michigan state university in east lansing. there were nearly 40.
“we have to bring people with different kinds of skills and expertise together. no one has everything that's needed.”
from this thicket, the term 'interdisciplinary' emerged. the earliest citation in the oxford english dictionary dates back to december 1937, in a sociology journal. but even at that time, some believed that the word was already overused. in a report to the us social science research council in august that year, a sociologist at the university of chicago in illinois lumped 'interdisciplinarity' in with other “catch phrases and slogans which were not sufficiently critically examined” ( items 40, 73–78; 1988).
as an academic movement, interdisciplinarity caught on during the 1970s and has been growing ever since, says larivière. he credits that rise in part to libraries, which began to stockpile subscriptions and improved researchers' access to journals in alternative fields. a particle physicist could more easily browse biology journals, say. furthermore, the us focus began to shift from basic research and scientific liberty back to societal problems such as environmental protection, which can rarely be tackled by a single discipline.
the united states was not alone: in 1994, an influential book partially sponsored by the swedish council for planning and coordination of research called the new production of knowledge (sage) predicted, among other things, an increasingly interdisciplinary future as science seeks to solve socially relevant questions. that book had an impact, says larivière, particularly in the european union's fifth framework funding programme, which ran from 1998 to 2002 and emphasized interdisciplinary, problem-oriented research.
soon, interdisciplinary institutes began to sprout up around the world, each with its own unique structure and purpose. one of the first, the santa fe institute, founded in 1984, focused on applying advanced mathematics and computational skills to a range of disciplines. others, such as the massachusetts institute of technology's david h. koch institute for integrative cancer research in cambridge, or the neuroscience-focused janelia research campus in ashburn, virginia, tackle questions within a specific discipline but draw in work from other fields. and some, such as the monash sustainability institute in clayton, australia, focus on specific problems.
even as the trend gained momentum, interdisciplinary researchers continued to hit the same hurdles that brown had encountered. in 1998, chemist richard zare at stanford university in california helped to launch the interdisciplinary institute bio-x. but an influential colleague urged him not to move his lab into the bio-x building. doing so would essentially take zare away from the chemistry department and his committee and teaching duties there, the colleague argued, weakening the department.
although he was well established, zare worried about going against the establishment. “it was very serious,” he says. the risk is even greater for youngessors seeking tenure, he notes.
in 2004, in response to the growing interest in interdisciplinary work — and the challenges that face those who attempt it — the us national academies released a report called facilitating interdisciplinary research. the authors advised institutions to lower barriers, for example by making budgets flexible so that costs could be shared across departments.
“there is constant pressure on me to make a cross-faculty, cross-institution alliance. if i want to build a new building, the more allies i have, the easier it is to raise the money.”
the publication drew a large audience. it has been downloaded more than 7,600 times and had impact beyond us shores. at durham university, uk, says physicist tom mcleish, administrators referred to the report when they were forging a series of on-campus interdisciplinary centres. around that time, mcleish was serving as pro-vice-chancellor of research, and saw interdisciplinarity as a way to make the small university shine on the world stage. he battled with department chairs who feared that the centres would reduce their budgets, and he worked to set up a promotion system that rewards investigators on large team grants in the same way as those on single-investigator grants. the university now has interdisciplinary centres on topics ranging from resilience — both ecological and psychological — to the history of medieval science.
the interdisciplinary trend is also growing in asia. in 2000, the national natural science foundation of china (nsfc) laid out a plan for interdisciplinary research, and universities have launched several cross-cutting centres over the past decade, including the academy for advanced interdisciplinary studies at peking university in beijing. the nsfc plans to launch further interdisciplinary projects in the coming years, says yonghe zheng, deputy director-general of the foundation's bureau of science policy. “china is a developing country,” he says. “so the universities and institutes can quickly set up some new centres which reflect the new trend in interdisciplinary research.”
nanyang technological university in singapore established its interdisciplinary graduate school in 2012; it already has 335 students, out of a total graduate-school population of 2,000. nanyang's interdisciplinary graduate programme, which bills itself as the first of its kind in asia, was designed in part to expand the university's fundraising options, says bo liedberg, dean of the programme. because industry is often focused on real-world problems that cross disciplines, an interdisciplinary programme could foster more collaborations with business, he reasons.
that focus on interdisciplinarity as a revenue stream is widespread, says merlin crossley, a molecular biologist and dean of the faculty of life sciences at the university of new south wales in sydney, australia. “there is constant pressure on me to make a cross-faculty, cross-institution alliance,” he says. “if i want to build a new building, the more allies i have, the easier it is to raise the money.” arizona state university in tempe saw its federal funding rise by 162% from 2003 to 2012 as it promoted interdisciplinarity across its campus.
despite this pressure, interdisciplinarity's reach remains modest. for every nanyang or durham, there are hundreds of universities that have not embraced significant change. departmental dividers remain in place — and in power — at most institutions, says nancy andreasen, a neuroscientist at the university of iowa in iowa city who co-chaired the committee that wrote the national academies report more than a decade ago. “it has been an enormous disappointment.”
team work
for institutions or programmes that have embraced interdisciplinarity, the transition has not always been easy. the most common mistake is underestimating the depth of commitment and personal relationships needed for a successful interdisciplinary project, says laura meagher, a consultant based near st andrews, uk, who coaches interdisciplinary teams. “you see people who think it's not much more than stapling a bunch of cvs to the back of a proposal,” she says. “they don't realize that it takes time to build a relationship.”
when the push for collaboration comes from the top, some of that focus on personal relationships could be lost — leaving the project to suffer, she says. the uk energy research centre (ukerc) in london, which since 2004 has coordinated and carried out sustainable-energy research, learned how delicate interdisciplinary relationships can be, says mark winskel, a social and political scientist at the university of edinburgh who evaluated the centre's first decade. its initial five-year phase went well, he says, and culminated in a key publication: energy 2050, which synthesized the institution's results and translated them into recommendations. but the next five-year phase failed to produce a similar achievement.
“you see people who think it's not much more than stapling a bunch of cvs to the back of a proposal. they don't realize that it takes time to build a relationship.”
winskel surveyed members and found that changes in the ukerc's structure designed to open it to a wider community — for example by offering several rounds of fresh grants in the middle of phase two — had upset some established long-term relationships. “we became a more diverse community of scholars and disciplines,” he says. “but that also means you become less cohesive.” the ukerc learned from the experience: its third phase, launched in may 2014, aims to provide more stability for collaborative relationships.
social scientists in particular often face that lack of cohesion, says thomas heberlein, a social psychologist at the university of wisconsin–madison. when funders emphasize the societal impacts of the work they support, social scientists are often called in to assess the broader implications of a project. but, he says, it is obvious — and insulting — when a social scientist is asked to join a project as a way to tick a box, without a true commitment to incorporating the discipline into the project.
social struggle
several uk studies have found that social scientists are less likely than researchers in other disciplines to want to participate in interdisciplinary projects. for heberlein, who has long collaborated with ecologists and environmental scientists, one of the stumbling blocks is what he calls “the hegemony of the natural sciences”. those disciplines tend to be held in higher esteem than more qualitative fields such as the social sciences, and they are deemed more rigorous by funders and researchers, he says. that imbalance leads to frustration and undermines collaboration. heberlein, whose speciality is in conducting surveys of public opinions, says that natural scientists often naively suggest that they can design and execute surveys themselves using an internet tool such as surveymonkey. heberlein disagrees: “it's really hard to do the stuff we do,” he says. “our measurements are complicated.”
lack of respect can run in many directions when different kinds of researchers come together. wood says that bioengineers are always cautioned against having their grants reviewed by panels of biologists, who may be dismissive of engineering research goals and measurements. but he has also served on review panels in which engineers have recoiled at the limitations of clinical research.
as more researchers become involved with interdisciplinary work, the mutual suspicion has started to ease. there have also been some signs of success in the funding arena. the us national institutes of health (nih), for example, says that interdisciplinary proposals fare as well as, or slightly better than, more conventional applications. the european research council, by contrast, has noted that interdisciplinary grant proposals on average do not fare as well in review panels as projects that are narrower in scope.
the atmosphere for publishing is also mixed. interdisciplinary researchers have long complained that it is difficult to get their papers into top-tier disciplinary journals. heberlein says that the rise of interdisciplinary journals has helped in his field, but he worries about the standard of some of the papers they publish. and he questions the wisdom of training graduate students across disciplines before they have immersed themselves in the rigours of one area. “you've got to develop your disciplinary skills first,” he says. “the bad news is the quality of this research is pretty bad and may be getting worse.”
many view the institutional push for interdisciplinarity as an experiment in progress. “the celebrations have begun, but the actual data on what kind of difference this makes are not in,” says scott frickel, a sociologist at brown university in providence, rhode island.
as more institutions adopt new ways to organize research, some are also trying to rethink their assessment processes, says mcleish. in july, veronica strang at durham and mcleish released a report called evaluating interdisciplinary research, and he was surprised when academic societies and funders flocked to learn more. “we didn't anticipate that we'd be launching this report into an atmosphere where everyone wants to know this,” he says.
and the pace of change varies across the globe. in the united states, the nih ran a programme to stimulate interdisciplinary research from 2004 to 2012. it resulted in some changes, such as starting to recognize multiple principal investigators on what had been considered single-investigator grants — a switch that removed a disincentive to collaborate. since then, the agency has not perceived a need to follow up with any other incentives, noting that there are more than 4,000 active nih-funded research projects that bill themselves as interdisciplinary. “our general sense is that interdisciplinary research has become a very standard way of doing science,” says betsy wilder, head of the nih office of strategic coordination. “it really pervades nih funding.”
in some other countries, the experiment has just begun. chemist ayyappanpillai ajayaghosh, director of the national institute for interdisciplinary science and technology in thiruvananthapuram, india, says that momentum is building in his country to promote more interdisciplinary projects. in japan, theoretical physicist tetsuo hatsuda left the university of tokyo in part because he felt that the boundaries between disciplines were too heavily enforced there. in 2013, he joined the riken research institute in wako, japan, and launched an interdisciplinary team of theoretical physicists, chemists and biologists to work out techniques that will accelerate all three fields. he hopes that the effort will stimulate more interdisciplinary work in the country. “japan is a little behind other countries,” he says. “theoretical science is a good starting point because it is easy for us to interact.”
some 25 years after it opened, the beckman institute's experiment in interdisciplinary research has been a success, says brown. the centre continues to attract distinguished faculty members and large team grants — last year it won a research contract worth up to $12.7 million from the federal government's intelligence advanced research projects activity programme — even though competition for such money has increased as more universities build interdisciplinary teams.
and brown bristles at the suggestion that the global push for interdisciplinarity might be a fad. “the answer is a resounding 'no',” he says. “things have changed — now people focus on big problems, and if you go for a big problem you need to be interdisciplinary.”
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ju doʊnt nid tɪ bi ə ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃən ər ə ˈveɪgəs kɑrd ʃɑrk tɪ noʊ ðət, wɪn ɔl θɪŋz ər ˈikwəl, ðə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈflɪpɪŋ ə kɔɪn ənd ˈgɛsɪŋ wɪʧ saɪd lændz əp kərˈɛktli ɪz bət wət moʊst ˈpipəl sim tɪ fərˈgɛt, ər soʊ sɪz ˈstænfərd mæθ prəˈfɛsər, ɪz ðət θɪŋz ər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈnɛvər ˈikwəl. ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti, ðə ɑdz əv ˈgɛsɪŋ hɛdz ər teɪlz kərˈɛktli ˈɑrənt ɛz ˈivɪn ɛz ju maɪt θɪŋk, ənd ðə ˈrizən həz məʧ mɔr tɪ du wɪθ ˈfɪzɪks ðən ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ə ˈnæʧərəl baɪəs əˈkərz wɪn kɔɪnz ər flɪpt, wɪʧ rɪˈzəlts ɪn ðə saɪd ðət wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli ˈfeɪsɪŋ əp rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ðət seɪm pəˈzɪʃən 51 pər sɛnt əv ðə taɪm. ðɪs minz ðət ɪf ə kɔɪn ɪz flɪpt wɪθ ɪts hɛdz saɪd ˈfeɪsɪŋ əp, ɪt wɪl lænd ðə seɪm weɪ 51 aʊt əv 100 taɪmz. keɪm tɪ ðɪs kənˈkluʒən ˈæftər dɪˈtərmənɪŋ ðət noʊ ˈmætər haʊ hɑrd ə kɔɪn ɪz flɪpt, ðə saɪd ðət ˈstɑrtɪd əp wɪl spɛnd mɔr taɪm ˈfeɪsɪŋ əp. wən weɪ əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs, ɛz ˈnoʊtɪd ɪn ən ˈɑrtɪkəl frəm ˈkoʊdɪŋ wil, ɪz tɪ lʊk æt ðə ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ əv ˈivɪn ənd ɑd ˈnəmbərz ˈstɑrtɪŋ frəm wən. wət jul dɪˈskəvər ɪz ðət noʊ ˈmætər wət ˈnəmbər ju stɑp æt, ðɛr wɪl ˈnɛvər bi mɔr ˈivɪn ˈnəmbərz ðən ɑd ˈnəmbərz ɪn ðət ˈsikwəns. ðə kɔɪn flɪps wərk ɪn məʧ ðə seɪm weɪ. fərst ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət kɔɪn flɪps wər nɑt ˈrændəm ˈæftər hi ənd hɪz ˈkɑligz ˈmænɪʤd tɪ rɪg ə məˈʃin tɪ gɪt ə kɔɪn tɪ lænd hɛdz ˈɛvəri taɪm. hi ənd hɪz tim ðɛn æst ˈjumən ˈsəbʤɪkts du ðə seɪm θɪŋ ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər, rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ðə rɪˈzəlts wɪθ ə ˈhaɪˌspid ˈkæmərə. ðoʊ ðə rɪˈzəlts wər ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈrændəm, ðeɪ stɪl ˈɛndɪd əp wɪθ ðə pər sɛnt ˈmɑrʤən. ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ðə ˈrændəmnəs ɪz əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ ðə fækt ðət wɪn ˈjumənz flɪp kɔɪnz, ðɛr ər ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈmoʊʃənz ðə kɔɪn ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ meɪk. fər ˈɪnstəns, hi ʃoʊd haʊ kɔɪnz doʊnt ʤɪst muv ɛnd tɪ ɛnd, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn ə ˈsərkjələr ˈmoʊʃən, laɪk ə tɔst ˈpitsə. hi ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ðət ðɛr ər weɪz tɪ flɪp ə kɔɪn wɛr ɪt lʊks laɪk ɪt ɪz ˈtəmbəlɪŋ ɪn ðə ɛr, bət ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti, ɪt ˈdəzənt muv æt ɔl. pruvd ðɪs baɪ taɪɪŋ ə ˈrɪbən tɪ ə kɔɪn ənd ʃoʊɪŋ haʊ ɪn fɔr aʊt əv 10 taɪmz ðə ˈrɪbən wʊd rɪˈmeɪn flæt ˈæftər ðə kɔɪn wɑz kɔt. waɪl ðə ˈmɑrʤən ɪz ˈrɛlətɪvli smɔl, ɪts ɪˈnəf tɪ ˈmeɪbi gɪt ju ˌrikənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈjuzɪŋ ə kɔɪn tɔs tɪ ˈsɛtəl jʊr nɛkst ˈɑrgjəmənt. ɪn əˈnəðər ˈstɑrtlɪŋ ˌdɪˈskəvri, dɪˈtərmənd ðət ðə ˌprɑbəˈbɪləˌti əv ˈgɛsɪŋ wɪʧ saɪd kəmz əp əv ə ˈspɪnɪŋ ˈpɛni ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ skjud mɔr ɪn wən dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ' ˈrisərʧ, ə ˈspɪnɪŋ ˈpɛni wɪl lænd teɪlz saɪd əp ˈrəfli 80 pər sɛnt əv ðə taɪm.
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you don't need to be a mathematician or a vegas card shark to know that, when all things are equal, the probability of flipping a coin and guessing which side lands up correctly is 50-50.
but what most people seem to forget, or so says stanford math professor persi diaconis, is that things are almost never equal.
in reality, the odds of guessing heads or tails correctly aren't as even as you might think, and the reason has much more to do with physics than probability.
according to prof diaconis, a natural bias occurs when coins are flipped, which results in the side that was originally facing up returning to that same position 51 per cent of the time.
this means that if a coin is flipped with its heads side facing up, it will land the same way 51 out of 100 times.
prof diaconis came to this conclusion after determining that no matter how hard a coin is flipped, the side that started up will spend more time facing up.
one way of thinking about this, as noted in an article from coding wheel, is to look at the ratio of even and odd numbers starting from one. what you'll discover is that no matter what number you stop at, there will never be more even numbers than odd numbers in that sequence. the coin flips work in much the same way.
prof diaconis first realised that coin flips were not random after he and his colleagues managed to rig a coin-flipping machine to get a coin to land heads every time.
he and his team then asked human subjects do the same thing over and over, recording the results with a high-speed camera. though the results were a little more random, they still ended up with the 51-49 per cent margin.
prof diaconis noted that the randomness is attributed to the fact that when humans flip coins, there are a number of different motions the coin is likely to make.
for instance, he showed how coins don't just move end to end, but also in a circular motion, like a tossed pizza.
he also found that there are ways to flip a coin where it looks like it is tumbling in the air, but in reality, it doesn't move at all.
prof diaconis proved this by tying a ribbon to a coin and showing how in four out of 10 times the ribbon would remain flat after the coin was caught.
while the margin is relatively small, it's enough to maybe get you reconsidering using a coin toss to settle your next argument.
in another startling discovery, prof diaconis determined that the probability of guessing which side comes up of a spinning copper-plated penny is also skewed more in one direction.
according to prof diaconis' research, a spinning penny will land tails side up roughly 80 per cent of the time.
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ˈroʊzi klɪk əˈbəv fər ˈɪmɪʤ ˈgæləri pliz ɪkˈskjuz ˈjuˈɛs waɪl wi teɪk ə ˈlɪtəl trɪp daʊn leɪn. wərd ɔn ðə wɛb ɪz wi naʊ noʊ hu wɪl bi rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ ˈmeɪgən fɑks ɪn ðə nɛkst trænsˈfɔrmərz flɪk. ˈʃiə wɪl bi ˈlɑkɪŋ lɪps wɪθ nən ˈəðər ðən ˈroʊzi. hu ɪz ðət, ɪgˈzæktli? gʊd kˈwɛʃən. həz spɛnt ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv hər deɪz ˈprænsɪŋ daʊn ə ˈrənˌweɪ ɪn hər ɛz ə vɪkˈtɔriə ˈsikrɪt ˈmɑdəl. ðə bɛst pɑrt? ðə 23 ˈæktrəs ˈdəzənt hæv ə drɔp əv ˈæktɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns. ðə ʤoʊks raɪt wɑz rɪˈpɔrtədli kɪkt aʊt əv ðə ˈstɔri laɪn tɪ gɪv ðə meɪn ˈkɛrɪktər ə nu ləv ˈɪntəˌrɛst, ðoʊ ˈrumər wɑz ðət ðə ˈæktrəs hæd ˈɔlsoʊ spɛnt hər ɔf taɪm bɪˈreɪtɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər ˈmaɪkəl beɪ fər ˈɛni ˈnəmbər əv pərˈsivd ˈkɛrɪktər flɔz. ɑr gɛs ɪz beɪ gɑt taɪərd əv ˈhirɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈsəlts ənd toʊld fɑks tɪ teɪk ə haɪk. naʊ bæk tɪ jʊr ˈrɛgjələrli ˈskɛʤʊld ˈkɑntɛnt.
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rosie huntington-whitley – click above for high-res image gallery
please excuse us while we take a little trip down tmz lane. word on the web is we now know who will be replacing megan fox in the next scintillating transformers flick. shia labeouf will be locking lips with none other than rosie huntington-whitley. who is that, exactly? good question. huntington-whiteley has spent the majority of her days prancing down a runway in her unmentionables as a victoria secret model. the best part? the 23 year-old model-turned actress doesn't have a drop of acting experience. the jokes write themselves.fox was reportedly kicked out of the story line to give the main character a new love interest, though rumor was that the actress had also spent her off time berating director michael bay for any number of perceived character flaws. our guess is bay got tired of hearing the insults and told fox to take a hike. now back to your regularly scheduled content.
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ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 60 ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə kəˈmɪti ˈvoʊtɪd fər ðɪs prəˈpoʊzəl, tu ˈvoʊtɪd əˈgɛnst ɪt. ðɪs ˈmætər ɪz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ əˈpruvəl baɪ ðə juz. haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz, wɪʧ wɪl kənˈsɪdər ɪt ɪn meɪ. ˈjuˈɛs ˈnæʃənəl dɪˈfɛns ˌɔθərəˈzeɪʃən ækt (ndaa*) wʊd ˈɔθərˌaɪz ðə ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv dɪˈfɛns, ɪn kənˈkərəns wɪθ ðə ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt, tɪ prəˈvaɪd əˈsɪstəns ənd tɪ ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈfɔrsɪz əv juˈkreɪn θru sɛpˈtɛmbər 30 ðə bɪl ˈsteɪtɪd. ðə juz. trups, bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈɛrˌbɔrn brɪˈgeɪd wɑz dɪˈplɔɪd ɪn ɪn ˈwɛstərn juˈkreɪn tɪ bɪˈgɪn ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræm, wɪʧ ɪz biɪŋ kɔld guardian,”*,” ənd wɪl bi kənˈdəktəd fər ðə ˈnuli fɔrmd ˈnæʃənəl gɑrd ˈəndər ðə kənˈtɪnʤənsi sɪˈkjʊrəti fənd. tu juˈkreɪniən ˈsoʊlʤərz wər kɪld ənd əˈnəðər tu ˈsəfərd ˈɪnʤəriz ɪn ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən (ato*) zoʊn ɪn ðə ˌsaʊˈθist meɪ 1 2015 ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən sɛd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ˈmɪlətənts kənˈtɪnju tɪ juz ˈɑrməmənt ˈsɪstəmz proʊˈhɪbətəd baɪ ðə mɪnsk əˈgrimənts. "ðɛr hæv bɪn 15 əˈtæks baɪ juz əv ˈmɔrtərz, faɪv baɪ ˈkænənz ənd θri baɪ tæŋks ɔn ɑr pəˈzɪʃənz," hi sɛd. ˈædɪd, ðət əˈtæks ɔn juˈkreɪniən pəˈzɪʃənz kənˈtɪnjud ɪn ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt ˈɛriə, ənd ə sˈnaɪpər wɑz ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ɔn juˈkreɪniən ˈsərvəsmɛn ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˌskərts əv horlivka*. ðə taʊn əv wɑz əˈtækt ɪn ˈriʤən, sɛd.
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a total of 60 members of the committee voted for this proposal, two voted against it. this matter is subject to approval by the u.s. house of representatives, which will consider it in may.
“the us national defense authorization act (ndaa) would authorize the secretary of defense, in concurrence with the secretary of state, to provide assistance and sustainment to the military and national security forces of ukraine through september 30, 2016,” the bill stated.
the u.s. troops, belonging to the 173rd airborne brigade was deployed in yavoriv in western ukraine to begin the training program, which is being called “fearless guardian,” and will be conducted for the newly formed national guard under the contingency security fund.
two ukrainian soldiers were killed and another two suffered injuries in the anti-terrorist operation (ato) zone in the southeast may 1, 2015, spokesman for the ato operation andriy lysenko said.
according to lysenko, militants continue to use armament systems prohibited by the minsk agreements. "there have been 15 attacks by use of 122mm mortars, five by cannons and three by tanks on our positions," he said.
lysenko added, that attacks on ukrainian positions continued in the donetsk airport area, and a sniper was firing on ukrainian servicemen on the outskirts of horlivka. the town of shchastya was attacked in luhansk region, lysenko said.
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ˈrəʃəz ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər həz əˈkjuzd ðə juz. əv nɑt biɪŋ ˈstreɪtˈfɔrwərd əˈbaʊt ɪts ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz təˈwɔrdz nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə. ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər ˈsɛrʤi sɛd ˈθərzˌdeɪ ðət ðə juz. kʊd hæv dɪˈlɪbərətli prəˈvoʊkt nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə tɪ teɪk təf ˈækʃənz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈrəʃən steɪt nuz ˈeɪʤənsi tæs. "ˈwɔʃɪŋtənz ˈrisənt stɛps sim tɪ bi dɪˈlɪbərətli eɪmd æt prəˈvoʊkɪŋ ˈpjɔŋˈjæŋ tɪ teɪk səm təf ˈækʃənz," hi ˈnoʊtɪd. ðə juz. ʃʊd ˈoʊpənli seɪ ɪf ɪts proʊˈvɑkətɪv ˈækʃənz ər eɪmd æt dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə," hi sɛd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə nuz ˈeɪʤənsi. nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə ˈtɛstɪd əˈnəðər bəˈlɪstɪk ˈmɪsəl ˈtuzˌdeɪ, wɪʧ ɪt kleɪmd kʊd hæv riʧt ðə juz. ˈmeɪnˌlænd. ðə tɛst ˈprɑmptɪd ə fˈjʊriəs rɪˈspɑns frəm ðə juz. wɪθ ðə ˈkəntriz æmˈbæsədər tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈwɔrnɪŋ ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ðət ðə rəˈʒim kʊd bi "ˈətərli dɪˈstrɔɪd" ɪf ɪts ˌprɑvəˈkeɪʃənz ˈstɑrtɪd ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈkɑnflɪkt. nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə ɪz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈmɛni juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz, juz. ənd ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈsæŋkʃənz du tɪ ɪts kənˈtɪnjud dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈnukliər ˈwɛpənz ənd bəˈlɪstɪk ˈmɪsəl tɛsts. ðə steɪt ɪz sin ɛz ə ˈsɪriəs θrɛt tɪ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl pis ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ɪts ˈækʃənz ər sin ɛz ˈəndərˌmaɪnɪŋ ə ˈgloʊbəl əˈgrimənt ɔn ðə nɑnprɔˌlɪfərˈeɪʃən əv ˈnukliər ˈwɛpənz. bət sɛd ðət ˈwɔʃɪŋtən wɑz prəˈvoʊkɪŋ nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə tu. hi ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ˈwɔʃɪŋtən "əˈnaʊnst ðət ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl ənˈskɛʤuld drɪlz wʊd hɛld ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər." "ɪt simz, ðeɪ hæv dən ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɔn ˈpərpəs, tɪ meɪk (nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriən ˈlidər) kɪm ʤɔŋ ˈjuˈɛn luz kənˈtroʊl ənd meɪk əˈnəðər ˈdɛspərɪt muv," hi sɛd. "ðə əˈmɛrɪkənz nid tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ɔl wət ðeɪ ər ˈæˌkʧuəli əp tɪ. ɪf ðeɪ sik ə ˈpriˌtɛkst tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə, ðeɪ ʃʊd ˈoʊpənli seɪ soʊ ənd ðə juz. ˈlidərˌʃɪp ʃʊd kənˈfərm ɪt. ðɛn wi wʊd ˌdɪˈsaɪd haʊ tɪ rɪˈspɑnd," ˈrəʃəz tɔp ˈdɪpləˌmæt ˈædɪd. sɛd ðət ˈrəʃə (wɪʧ ɪz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ˈəndər juz. ˈsæŋkʃənz fər ɪts ˌænɛkˈseɪʃən əv kraɪˈmiə ɪn 2014 ɪz əˈgɛnst juz. prəˈpoʊzəlz fər ən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌblɑˈkeɪd əv nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə ənd bɪˈlivd ðə ˈsæŋkʃənz ˈprɛʃər həz ɪgˈzɔstɪd ˌɪtˈsɛlf. "ɑr ˈætəˌtud (təˈwɔrdz juz. prəˈpoʊzəlz fər mɔr ˈsæŋkʃənz) ɪz ˈnɛgətɪv. wi hæv sɛd mɔr ðən wəns ðət ðə ˈsæŋkʃənz ˈprɛʃər həz ɪn fækt ɪgˈzɔstɪd ˌɪtˈsɛlf," hi sɛd.
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russia's foreign minister has accused the u.s. of not being straightforward about its intentions towards north korea.
foreign minister sergey lavrov said thursday that the u.s. could have deliberately provoked north korea to take tough actions, according to russian state news agency tass.
"washington's recent steps seem to be deliberately aimed at provoking pyongyang to take some tough actions," he noted. the u.s. should openly say if its provocative actions are aimed at destroying north korea," he said, according to the news agency.
north korea tested another ballistic missile tuesday, which it claimed could have reached the u.s. mainland. the test prompted a furious response from the u.s. with the country's ambassador to the united nations warning wednesday that the regime could be "utterly destroyed" if its provocations started a military conflict.
north korea is subject to many united nations, u.s. and european sanctions due to its continued development of nuclear weapons and ballistic missile tests. the state is seen as a serious threat to international peace and security and its actions are seen as undermining a global agreement on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.
but lavrov said that washington was provoking north korea too.
he pointed out that washington "announced that large-scale unscheduled drills would held in december." "it seems, they have done everything on purpose, to make (north korean leader) kim jong un lose control and make another desperate move," he said.
"the americans need to explain to us all what they are actually up to. if they seek a pretext to destroy north korea, they should openly say so and the u.s. leadership should confirm it. then we would decide how to respond," russia's top diplomat added.
lavrov said that russia (which is itself under u.s. sanctions for its annexation of crimea in 2014) is against u.s. proposals for an economic blockade of north korea and believed the sanctions pressure has exhausted itself.
"our attitude (towards u.s. proposals for more sanctions) is negative. we have said more than once that the sanctions pressure has in fact exhausted itself," he said.
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ɪn meɪ, ˈlɪnəks ˈoʊvərˌlɔrd ˈlaɪnəs wɔrnd ðət hɪz ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ maɪt dɪˈleɪ ðə riˈlis əv ˈlɪnəks ðət naʊ kəm tɪ pæs, wɪθ ðə bəˈnɛvələnt ˈdɪkteɪtər əv ðə ˈpɛŋgwən ˈpæləs ˈpoʊstɪŋ ðət hiz ɔf ɔn hɪz veɪˈkeɪʃən. əm ɔn veɪˈkeɪʃən, bət taɪm ˈdəzənt stɑp fər ðət, ənd ɪts ˈsənˌdi, soʊ taɪm fər ə ˈhoʊpfəli ˈfaɪnəl rc,”*,” raɪts. tərnz aʊt ɪts ʤɪst ɛz wɛl ðət aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ dræg ðə riˈlis aʊt baɪ ə wik soʊ ðət aɪ doʊnt hæv ðə mərʤ ˈwɪndoʊ waɪl ɔn vacation.”*.” sɪz ðɛr ər səm ˈfɪksɪz ɪn ðə wərks ˌbiˈfɔr hiz ˈhæpi tɪ saɪn ɔf ɔn ˈlɪnəks ˈnoʊtəbli tɪ ˈdraɪvərz, ˈædɪŋ ðət ““most”*” əv ðə rikˈwaɪərd ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈvɛri smɔl, soʊ aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈwərisəm. ɪts ʤɪst ðət wərks aʊt nɑt ʤɪst bɪˈkəz əv maɪ ˈtaɪmɪŋ, bət du tɪ kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ smɔl ˈditeɪlz ˈkrɑpɪŋ up.”*.” meɪk nɛkst wik ˈrɪli kɑm, ʃæl we,”*,” hi hɪz ˈfɛloʊ devs*. aɪ wɪl ˈvɛri ˈæktɪvli traɪ tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈhævɪŋ tɪ rɛd email.”*.”
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in may, linux overlord linus torvalds warned that his holiday might delay the release of linux 4.1.
that scenario's now come to pass, with the benevolent dictator of the penguin palace posting that he's off on his vacation.
“so i'm on vacation, but time doesn't stop for that, and it's sunday, so time for a hopefully final rc,” torvalds writes. “it turns out it's just as well that i wanted to drag the release out by a week so that i don't have the merge window while on vacation.”
torvalds says there are some fixes in the works before he's happy to sign off on linux 4.1, notably to drivers, adding that “most” of the required changes “are very small, so i don't think this is particularly worrisome. it's just that rc8 works out not just because of my timing, but due to continuing small details cropping up.”
“let's make next week really calm, shall we,” he entreats his fellow devs. “because i will very actively try to avoid having to read email.” ®
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baɪ soʊ, du dɔgz gɪt ˈʤɛləs? wət du ju θɪŋk? ˈɛkspərts ˈʤɛnərəli ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz ɪn 2 pɑrts: ˈpraɪˌmɛri ənd ˈsɛkənˌdɛri. ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz wʊd bi ʤɔɪ, səˈpraɪz, ˈæŋgər, fɪr ənd ˈæŋgər, ðeɪ ər kənˈsɪdərd tɪ bi ˌjunəˈvərsəl ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz. ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd wʊd bi ˈɛnvi, ˈʤɛləsi, gɪlt ənd ʃeɪm, ənd ər θɔt tɪ ˌrikˈwaɪər ə mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ˈprɔˌsɛs. fər ˈɪnstəns ɪn ə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈgæðərɪŋ, ðɛr ər ˌɪˈnɛkwətiz ənd səm ˈpipəl tɛnd tɪ geɪn ˈbɛtər ˈfeɪvər kəmˈpɛrd tɪ səm. səʧ ɪmˈbælənsɪz wʊd ˈtrɪgər ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz əv ˈɛnvi, ˈʤɛləsi ər ˈivɪn ˈsəmˌtaɪmz dɪsˈgəst. wən wʊd ðɛn tɛnd tɪ kəmˈpɛr wət hi gɑt fər ɔl ðə ˈɛfərts hi ɪz duɪŋ kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə wən hu gɑt ɔl ðə ˈfeɪvər. wən moʊst ˈkɑmən əv ˈʤɛləsi ɪn dɔgz wʊd stɛm aʊt frəm ðə ˈoʊnər, ˈməðər dɔg ənd hər ˈpəpiz. ənˈlaɪk ˈjuˈɛs, ˈjumənz, ˈməðər dɔgz meɪnˈteɪn hər məˈtərnəl ˈɪnstɪŋkt fər ðə rɛst əv hər laɪf. ɛz sun ɛz hər ˈpəpiz kən sərˈvaɪv ɔn ðɛr oʊn, hər məˈtərnəl əˈfɛkʃən wʊd sis ənd bi lɔst baɪ ðə nɛkst taɪm ʃi goʊz ˈɪntu hit. ˈpəpiz baɪ ˈneɪʧər ər soʊ əˈdɔrəbəl, kjut ənd ˈvɛri ˈkədli, soʊ ɪt ɪz ˈnɔrməl fər ðə ˈpipəl ɪn ðə haʊs tɪ ʃaʊər ðə ˈlɪtər wɪθ tənz əv əˈfɛkʃən. ðə ˈməðər dɔg wʊd ðɛn si ðə hər əˈtɛnʃən biɪŋ dɪˈvərtɪd frəm hər ənd wʊd fil ˈʤɛləs. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt ʃi wʊd traɪ tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr ənd ɪkˈsklud ðə ˈpəpi frəm hər nɛst ər ˈivɪn bɪˈkəm əˈgrɛsɪv təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈpəpi ər ˈoʊnər. du dɔgz gɪt ˈʤɛləs wɪn ən ˈoʊnər pæts ðɛr dɔg ɔn ðə hɛd ənd kus ə ˈklɛvər boy?’*?’, ðeɪ maɪt nɑt bi soʊ fɑr frəm ðə truθ. ˈsaɪəntɪsts hæv faʊnd ðət ɑr ˈkeɪˌnaɪn frɛndz ər ˌɪnˈtɛnsli ˈʤɛləs ˈkriʧərz proʊn tɪ ə ræft əv ˈkɑmplɛks ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz. ʤɪst laɪk ˈjuˈɛs, ðeɪ kən fil ðə ənˈplɛzənt pæŋ əv ˈʤɛləsli, ɛz wɛl ɛz praɪd, ˈɛnvi ənd ɪmˈbɛrəsmənt. ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, dɔgz heɪt tɪ si ðɛr ˈoʊnərz ˈɔfərɪŋ əˈfɛkʃən tɪ ˈəðər dɔgz ənd kən ˈsəfər ˈbædli wɪn ə nu ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd ər ˈgərlˌfrɛnd ɪz brɔt hoʊm. sɔrs: meɪl ˈɔnˌlaɪn, baɪ ˈdeɪli meɪl rɪˈpɔrtər ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈʤɛləs dɔg noʊ ðə ˈrizən. dɪˈtərmən hɪz ˈrizən fər ˈfilɪŋ ðət weɪ. ɪf ɪt ɪz ə nu puupy*, nu pɛt ər jʊr nu bf/gf*, gɪv ɪm taɪm tɪ əˈʤəst ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ʃaʊər ɪm lɑts əv taɪm ənd əˈtɛnʃən. ðɪs wʊd ˌriəˈʃʊr ɪm ðət ju stɪl ləv ɪm ənd hi wʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ koʊp ˈifɛktɪvli. kip jʊr ruˈtin. jʊr ˈrɛgjələr ruˈtinz ər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ɪm, soʊ du nɑt ʧeɪnʤ ðɛm. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt wʊd bi ə bɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˈhændəl əˈspɛʃəli ɪf hɪz sɔrs əv ˈʤɛləsi ɪz ə nu ˈbeɪbi. ʤɪst kip jʊr ruˈtin ˈrɛgjələr ənd ɔn taɪm, pɛts tɛnd tɪ gɪt strɛst aʊt wɪn ðɛr ruˈtin ɪz ˈbroʊkən. ʃaʊər ɪm wɪθ əˈfɛkʃən. taɪm, əˈtɛnʃən ənd lɑts əv əˈfɛkʃən goʊz ə lɔŋ weɪ. ʤɪst laɪk ˈjumənz, ɪt ɪz ən ˈifɛktɪv weɪ tɪ ˌriəˈʃʊr ðə hi ɪz nɑt ˌriˈpleɪst. ˈbɑndɪŋ taɪm. jʊr pleɪ taɪm ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. du ɪt ɛz məʧ ɛz ju kən tɪ iz ðə ˈtɛnʃən. lɛt ɪm ˈsoʊʃəˌlaɪz. əˈlaʊ ɪm tɪ ˈsoʊʃəˌlaɪz wɪθ ðə nuəst əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈfæməli ˈnæʧərəli ənd ˈgræʤuəli. ʤɪst lɛt ɪm bi, ənd du nɑt fɔrs ɪm tɪ du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. hi wɪl kəm əraʊnd sun ɪˈnəf æt hɪz oʊn peɪs. hi wɪl meɪk frɛndz ɛz sun ɛz hi ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈrɛdi. ˈhoʊpfəli, ðət geɪv ju ən ˈænsər ɔn du dɔgz gɪt ˈʤɛləs. bət bi ˈkɛrfəl ðoʊ, dɔgz tɛnd tɪ noʊ wɪʧ ˈpipəl ər gʊd ər bæd. ɪf ɪt ɪz ə nu ənd hi ɪz nɑt ˈwɔrmɪŋ əp ɔn ɪm ənd fər səm ˈrizən wʊd ˈnɛvər wɔnt tɪ liv jʊr saɪd, traɪ tɪ kənˈsɪdər duɪŋ ə ʧɛk. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈbɛtər tɪ bi ɔn ðə seɪf saɪd. ˈɛni ˈpərsɪnəl ɪkˈspɪriəns ðət ju wʊd wɔnt tɪ ʃɛr wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs? fil fri tɪ tɛl ˈjuˈɛs wət ɪz ɔn jʊr maɪnd ɔn ðə ˈkɑmɛnt bɑks bɪˈloʊ.
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so, do dogs get jealous? what do you think? experts generally separate emotions in 2 parts: primary and secondary. primary emotions would be joy, surprise, anger, fear and anger, they are considered to be universal emotions. secondary emotions on the other hand would be envy, jealousy, guilt and shame, and are thought to require a more complex cognitive process. for instance in a social gathering, there are inequities and some people tend to gain better favor compared to some. such imbalances would trigger emotions of envy, jealousy or even sometimes disgust. one would then tend to compare what he got for all the efforts he is doing compared to the one who got all the favor.
one most common manifistation of jealousy in dogs would stem out from the owner, mother dog and her puppies. unlike us, humans, mother dogs don’t maintain her maternal instinct for the rest of her life. as soon as her puppies can survive on their own, her maternal affection would cease and be lost by the next time she goes into heat. puppies by nature are so adorable, cute and very cuddly, so it is normal for the people in the house to shower the litter with tons of affection. the mother dog would then see the her owner’s attention being diverted awy from her and would feel jealous. as a result she would try to ignore and exclude the puppy from her nest or even become aggressive towards the puppy or owner.
do dogs get jealous
when an owner pats their dog on the head and coos ‘who’s a clever boy?’, they might not be so far from the truth. scientists have found that our canine friends are intensely jealous creatures prone to a raft of complex emotions. just like us, they can feel the unpleasant pang of jealously, as well as pride, envy and embarrassment. in particular, dogs hate to see their owners offering affection to other dogs and can suffer badly when a new boyfriend or girlfriend is brought home. source: mail online, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1092637/why-dogs-jealous-scientists-reveal-pets-complex-range-emotions.html by daily mail reporter
dealing with a jealous dog
know the reason. determine his reason for feeling that way. if it is a new puupy, new pet or your new bf/gf, give him time to adjust and also shower him lots of time and attention. this would reassure him that you still love him and he would be able to cope effectively. keep your routine. your regular routines are important to him, so do not change them. however, it would be a bit difficult to handle especially if his source of jealousy is a new baby. just keep your routine regular and on time, pets tend to get stressed out when their routine is broken. shower him with affection. time, attention and lots of affection goes a long way. just like humans, it is an effective way to reassure the he is not replaced. bonding time. your play time is also important. do it as much as you can to ease the tension. let him socialize. allow him to socialize with the newest addition to the family naturally and gradually. just let him be, and do not force him to do anything. he will come around soon enough at his own pace. he will make friends as soon as he is already ready.
hopefully, that gave you an answer on do dogs get jealous. but be careful though, dogs tend to know which people are good or bad. if it is a new bf and he is not warming up on him and for some reason would never want to leave your side, try to consider doing a backround check. it is always better to be on the safe side.
any personal experience that you would want to share with us? feel free to tell us what is on your mind on the comment box below.
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frəm ðə ˈgoʊldən eɪʤ əv ˈʃutərz kəmz rɛlmz əv ðə ˈhɔntɪŋ, ə tɛns ənd ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv teɪk ɔn ðə dum ˈfɔrˌmæt wɪʧ kəmˈbaɪnz wɪθ ˈpəzəlz ənd ˈsikwənsɪz. ɪts ə blæst frəm ðə pæst wɪθ ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˈmɛrət. ɑr oʊn ˈrɪʧərd ˈkɑbɪt dɪˈskraɪbd ɪt roʊt: "ɪt wɑz əˈmeɪzɪŋ. ɪt wɑz ˈtɛrəbəl. ɪt wɑz ˈklɛvər. ɪt wɑz ˌɪnˈseɪn. ɪt mərʤd ənd ˈʃutɪŋ ɪn ə weɪ ðət noʊ ˈəðər geɪm həz ˈɛvər ˈrɪli traɪd." wi hæv rɛlmz əv ðə ˈhɔntɪŋ stim kiz tɪ gɪv əˈweɪ raɪt naʊ. wɪr ˈgɪvɪŋ əˈweɪ ðiz kiz ɪn əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən wɪθ ˈɪndi ˈgælə, hu ər ɪn ðə mɪst əv ə bɪg spərɪŋ seɪl ðət ˈɔfərz əp tɪ 80 ɔf 120 geɪmz ɪn ðə ˈɪndi ˈgælə ˈkætəˌlɔg. ðɛrz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈmæsɪv dil ɔn ðə seɪnts roʊ ˈsɪriz ənd ɔl dlc*. tɪ kleɪm jʊr fri stim ki fər rɛlmz əv ðə ˈhɔntɪŋ, ˈsɪmpli ˈfɑloʊ ðə ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz ɪn ðə bɑks bɪˈloʊ. ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ!
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from the golden age of 2d shooters comes realms of the haunting, a tense and innovative take on the doom format which combines demon-blasting with point-and-click puzzles and fmv sequences. it's a blast from the past with genuine merit. our own richard cobbett described it wrote: "it was amazing. it was terrible. it was clever. it was insane. it merged adventuring and shooting in a way that no other game has ever really tried." we have 500,000 realms of the haunting steam keys to give away right now.
we're giving away these keys in association with indie gala, who are in the midst of a big spring sale that offers up to 80% off 120 games in the indie gala catalogue. there's also a massive deal on the saints row series and all dlc.
to claim your free steam key for realms of the haunting, simply follow the instructions in the box below. enjoy!
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ðɛr ər saʊnd ˌɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈrizənz waɪ wi hæv tu aɪz ənd tu ɪrz. baɪ waɪ du wi hæv tu ˈnɑstrəlz? ˈrisərʧərz æt ˈstænfərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti hæv ðə ˈænsər ˈæftər duɪŋ ə ˈstədi ðət rɪˈvild ðə wɪrd ˈrizən waɪ wi doʊnt hæv wən bɪg hoʊl ɪn ɑr noʊz. feɪs hoʊlz tɛnd tɪ kəm ɪn pɛrz. wi hæv tu aɪz, ənd wi nid boʊθ əv ðɛm. ðə sˈlaɪtli ˈdɪfərənt ˈpɪkʧər ðət iʧ aɪ gɪvz ˈjuˈɛs ɪz ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd baɪ ðə breɪn tɪ gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ə θri dɪˈmɛnʃənəl ˈpɪkʧər əv ðə wərld. bɪˈkəz əv ðɪs, wi doʊnt ʤɪst si, wi si dɛpθ. wi hæv tu ɪrz, ənd nid ðɛm. ðə slaɪt ˈdɪfərəns ɪn ðə taɪm saʊnd teɪks tɪ meɪk ɪt tɪ iʧ ɪr lɛts ˈjuˈɛs noʊ ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ðə saʊnd. wi doʊnt ʤɪst hir, wi hir dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. ənd ðɛn ðɛrz ðə noʊz. ðə noʊz splɪts ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpæsɪʤ frəm ðə ləŋz ˈɪntu tu tubz raɪt nɛkst tɪ iʧ ˈəðər. ɑr sɛns əv smɛl ʤɪst ˈɪzənt gʊd ɪˈnəf ðət ðə splɪt ɪn ðə ˈpæsɪʤɪz hɛlps ˈjuˈɛs ˈɔriˌɛnt ɑrˈsɛlvz. waɪ du wi hæv tu noʊz hoʊlz? ʃɪr ˈpɪrsɪŋ ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz? ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈstænfərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti kɪkt ɔf ən oʊlˈfæktəri ˈrisərʧ ˈprɑʤɛkt ðət tʊk ə lʊk æt ðɪs ˈpəzəlɪŋ fəˈnɑməˌnɑn ənd faʊnd ðət ˈsərtən ˈnɑstrəlz ər, ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli, ˈbɛtər æt dɪˈtɛktɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt smɛlz. jʊr smɛl pərˈsɛpʃən ˈʧeɪnʤɪz dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn wət ˈnɑstrɪl jʊr sˈnɪfɪŋ θru. æt ˈɛni pɔɪnt ɪn taɪm, ðɛr ɪz ə ˈdɑmənənt ˈnɑstrɪl. ðə ˈbɑdi səks mɔr ɛr, mɔr kˈwɪkli, ɪn θru wən ˈnɑstrɪl ðən ɪt dɪz ðə ˈəðər. ðɪs ˈdɑmənəns wɪl ˈæˌkʧuəli swɪʧ bæk ənd fɔrθ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə deɪ. wət iʧ ˈnɑstrɪl smɛlz dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ɪts ˈkərəntli ˈdɑmənənt. ˈrisərʧərz ˈtɛstɪd ðɪs baɪ ˈmɪksɪŋ tu ˈsəbstənsɪz,, wɪʧ smɛlz laɪk ˈpɛpərˌmɪnt, ənd ˈɑkteɪn, wɪʧ smɛlz laɪk ˈænəs. ðeɪ hæd ˈpipəl snɪf ðə kənˈkɑkʃən, fərst wɪθ ðɛr ˈnɑstrɪl, ənd ðɛn wɪθ ðɛr wən. ˈsɛvənˈtin aʊt əv tˈwɛnti ˈpipəl ˈnoʊtɪst ðə ˈɑkteɪn ɪn ðɛr ˈnɑstrɪl, ənd ðə ɪn ðɛr ˈnɑstrɪl. wɪn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkts wər ə fju aʊərz ˈleɪtər, ðɛr haɪ ənd loʊ floʊ ˈnɑstrəlz hæd swɪʧt, bət ðə ˈnɑstrəlz stɪl smɛld ðə, ənd ðə wənz stɪl smɛld ðə ˈɑkteɪn. ðə ˈdɪfərənt smɛlz laɪ ɪn ðə ˈdɪfərənt əbˈzɔrpʃən reɪts əv ðə tu ˈkɛmɪkəlz. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ bi dɪˈtɛktɪd, ðə smɛlz doʊnt ʤɪst hæv tɪ ˈɛnər ðə noʊz, ðeɪ hæv tɪ drɪl θru ðə mˈjukəs tɪ riʧ ðə oʊlˈfæktəri rəˈsɛptərz. ə ˈkɛmɪkəl ðət ˈdəzənt əbˈzɔrb kˈwɪkli kən bi ɪn ðə ləŋz ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt ˈivɪn gɪts ə ʧæns tɪ bi əbˈzɔrbd baɪ ðə ˈnɑstrɪl. ˈminˌwaɪl, ə sloʊ drɔ əv ɛr ˈɪntu ðə ˈnɑstrɪl gɪvz ɪt taɪm tɪ bi wɛl ənd ˈtruli snɪft. bət waɪ ˈdəzənt ə ˈhaɪli əbˈzɔrbənt ˈmɑləˌkjul gɪt snɪft ɪn boʊθ ˈnɑstrəlz? ˈsaɪəntɪsts θɪŋk ðət ðə ɛr θru ðə ˈnɑstrɪl ðə ˈmɑləˌkjul əp ənd daʊn ðə lɛŋθ əv ðə noʊz, ˈlɛtɪŋ ɪt hɪt ɔl ðə oʊlˈfæktəri rəˈsɛptərz ənd ˈrɪli meɪk ɪts ˈprɛzəns fɛlt. ɪf ðə ˈmɑləˌkjul əbˈzɔrbz kˈwɪkli, ðoʊ, ɪn ðə ˈnɑstrɪl, ɪt wɪl bi kəmˈplitli əbˈzɔrbd ˈɪntu ðə mˈjukəs waɪl stɪl ʤɪst ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə noʊz. wɪθ ðə kˈwɪkli əbˈzɔrbd ˈmɑləˌkjulz juzd əp, ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈnɑstrɪl wɪl bi klɪr fər mɔr sɛnts. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt tu ˈnɑstrəlz ər ˈbɛtər ðən wən, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈdɪfərənt reɪts əv floʊ maɪt lɛt jʊr breɪn ˈsɛpərˌeɪt aʊt ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd sɛnts ənd əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðɛm ɔl. ju doʊnt ʤɪst smɛl, ju smɛl ə fʊl ˈkɛmɪkəl æˈnælɪsɪs. ˈɪmɪʤ: greɪt si ˈviə ðə ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ənd ˈneɪʧər.
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there are sound evolutionary reasons why we have two eyes and two ears. by why do we have two nostrils? researchers at stanford university have the answer - after doing a study that revealed the weird reason why we don't have one big hole in our nose.
face holes tend to come in pairs. we have two eyes, and we need both of them. the slightly different picture that each eye gives us is integrated by the brain to give us a three dimensional picture of the world. because of this, we don't just see, we see depth. we have two ears, and need them. the slight difference in the time sound takes to make it to each ear lets us know the direction of the sound. we don't just hear, we hear direction. and then there's the nose. the nose splits a single passage from the lungs into two tubes right next to each other. our sense of smell just isn't good enough that the split in the passages helps us orient ourselves. why do we have two nose holes? sheer piercing possibilities?
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stanford university kicked off an olfactory research project that took a look at this puzzling phenomenon and found that certain nostrils are, temporarily, better at detecting different smells. your smell perception changes depending on what nostril you're sniffing through. at any point in time, there is a dominant nostril. the body sucks more air, more quickly, in through one nostril than it does the other. this dominance will actually switch back and forth during the day. what each nostril smells depends on whether or not it's currently dominant.
researchers tested this by mixing two substances, l-carvone, which smells like peppermint, and octane, which smells like anise. they had people sniff the concoction, first with their low-flow nostril, and then with their high-flow one. seventeen out of twenty people noticed the octane in their low-flow nostril, and the l-carvone in their high-flow nostril. when the subjects were re-tested a few hours later, their high and low flow nostrils had switched, but the high-flow nostrils still smelled the l-carvone, and the low-flow ones still smelled the octane.
the different smells lie in the different absorption rates of the two chemicals. in order to be detected, the smells don't just have to enter the nose, they have to drill through the mucus to reach the olfactory receptors. a chemical that doesn't absorb quickly can be in the lungs before it even gets a chance to be absorbed by the high-flow nostril. meanwhile, a slow draw of air into the nostril gives it time to be well and truly sniffed. but why doesn't a highly absorbent molecule get sniffed in both nostrils? scientists think that the quickly-flowing air through the high-flow nostril embeds the molecule up and down the length of the nose, letting it hit all the olfactory receptors and really make its presence felt. if the molecule absorbs quickly, though, in the low-flow nostril, it will be completely absorbed into the mucus while still just inside the nose. with the quickly absorbed molecules used up, the rest of the nostril will be clear for more slow-absorbing scents.
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two nostrils are better than one, because the different rates of flow might let your brain separate out complicated scents and appreciate them all. you don't just smell, you smell a full chemical analysis.
image: great sea
via the cognitive neurosciences and nature.
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fər 10 kənˈsɛkjətɪv ˈwikˌdeɪz ˈlidɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə stɑrt əv ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmp ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 28 ðə ˈbɔltəˌmɔr sən ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ ə lʊk æt ðə ravens’*’ ˈrɑstər, ðə pleɪərz hu ər lɑks ənd lɔŋ ʃɑts ənd ðoʊz ɔn ðə ˈbəbəl. ðə ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn ˈstɑrtɪd æt ðə pəˈzɪʃən wɪθ ðə list ˌɪnˈtrigɪŋ ˈrɑstər ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ənd wɪl ɛnd æt ðə moʊst ˈspɪrɪtəd. wiv ɔˈrɛdi lʊkt æt kˈwɔrtərˌbæk (ˌʤuˈlaɪ 13 dɪˈfɛnsɪv laɪn (ˌʤuˈlaɪ 14 əˈfɛnsɪv laɪn (ˌʤuˈlaɪ 15 ənd taɪt ɛndz. təˈdeɪ, wɪl ɪgˈzæmɪn ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈlaɪnˌbækərz: haʊ ˈmɛni kip: 4 lɑks ɪf ˈhɛlθi: c.j*. ˈmoʊzli, ˈzækəri ɔr, ˈælbərt məˈklɛlən ɔn ðə ˈbəbəl: ˈɑrθər braʊn lɔŋ ʃɑts: ˈləkɪt, ˈpætrɪk ˈskɪni: ðɪs ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə ravens’*’ ˈθɪnɪst pəˈzɪʃən ˈæftər ðeɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd nɑt tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈmɪdəl ˈlaɪnˌbækər ˈdɛrəl smɪθ, ðə ˈlidɪŋ ɪn tu əv ðə pæst θri ˈsizənz. ˈmoʊzli wɪl slaɪd ˈɪntu spɑt, bət ˈplɛnti əv kˈwɛsʧənz rɪˈmeɪn. ðə ˈbɪgəst ɪz ˈwɛðər ðə ˈreɪvənz wɪl tərn ˈoʊvər ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈlaɪnˌbækər spɑt tɪ ɔr, braʊn ər ˈsəmˌwən ɛls. ɔr ənd braʊn wər kɔr ˈspɛʃəl timz pleɪərz læst ˈsizən ənd roʊl ɔn dɪˈfɛns gru ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd hæf əv ðə ˈsizən. hi ˌriˈpleɪst smɪθ ɔn ˈɑbviəs ˈpæsɪŋ daʊnz. ɔr gɑt moʊst əv ðə ˌrɛpəˈtɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈvɛriəs ənd simz tɪ hæv ðə lɛd fər ðə spɑt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈreɪvənz ˈɔlsoʊ juzd pɪk ˈkɔriə ɔn ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd, ənd koʊʧ ʤɑn ˈhɑrˌbɔ həz ˈivɪn brɔt əp ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈseɪfti ɪn ðə roʊl. ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər ˈɑˌzi ˈnusəm meɪks ə leɪt ˈsəmər əˈdɪʃən ʤɪst əˈbaʊt ˈɛvəri jɪr, soʊ ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈlaɪnˌbækər maɪt nɑt ˈivɪn ˈkərəntli bi ɔn ðə ˈrɑstər. braʊn, ə 2013 pɪk hu həz pleɪd ˈspɛrɪŋli ɔn dɪˈfɛns ɪn hɪz jəŋ kərɪr, ˈprɑbəˌbli həz ðə moʊst tɪ pruv. ˈgɔtən ˈbɪgər ənd strɔŋ ənd naʊ ðə ˈreɪvənz wɔnt tɪ si ɪm ʤɪst pleɪɪŋ, ˈrəðər ðən ˈθɪŋkɪŋ tu məʧ. məˈklɛlən ərnz hɪz ˈrɑstər spɑt ˈɛvəri jɪr wɪθ hɪz ˌvərsəˈtɪləti ənd wərk ɔn ˈspɛʃəl timz. ɪt wʊd bi ˈfulɪʃ tɪ ˈdɪskaʊnt ˈləkɪt ər ˈrɑstər ˈʧænsɪz, ˈgɪvɪn ðə ravens’*’ ˈhɪstəri wɪθ fri ˈeɪʤənt ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈlaɪnˌbækərz.
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for 10 consecutive weekdays leading into the start of training camp on july 28, the baltimore sun is taking a position-by-position look at the ravens’ roster, the players who are locks and long shots and those on the bubble.
the countdown started at the position with the least intriguing roster competition and will end at the most spirited.
we've already looked at quarterback (july 13), defensive line (july 14), offensive line (july 15) and tight ends. today, we'll examine inside linebackers:
how many they’ll keep: 4
locks if healthy: c.j. mosley, zachary orr, albert mcclellan
on the bubble: arthur brown
long shots: cavellis luckett, patrick onwuasor
skinny: this is probably the ravens’ thinnest position after they decided not to replace starting middle linebacker daryl smith, the team’s leading tackler in two of the past three seasons.
mosley will slide into smith’s spot, but plenty of questions remain. the biggest is whether the ravens will turn over the starting weak-side linebacker spot to orr, brown or someone else.
orr and brown were core special teams players last season and orr’s role on defense grew in the second half of the season. he replaced smith on obvious passing downs. orr got most of the first-team repetitions in the various minicamps and seems to have the lead for the spot.
however, the ravens also used second-round pick kamalei correa on the inside, and coach john harbaugh has even brought up using a safety in the role.
general manager ozzie newsome makes a late summer addition just about every year, so the starting weak-side linebacker might not even currently be on the roster.
brown, a 2013 second-round pick who has played sparingly on defense in his young career, probably has the most to prove. he’s gotten bigger and strong and now the ravens want to see him just playing, rather than thinking too much.
mcclellan earns his roster spot every year with his versatility and work on special teams. it would be foolish to discount luckett or onwuasor’s roster chances, given the ravens’ history with undrafted free agent inside linebackers.
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ˈgreɪdɪŋ ðə ˈvərsəz. ˈbrɑŋkoʊz, ɔkt. 19 əˈfɛns ˈkoʊlɪn hæd kəmˈpliʃənz, bət tu ˈkrɪtɪkəl mɪˈsteɪks. hɪz ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃən wɑz ə head-scratcher*: ə fɔrst θroʊ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈmɪdəl tɪ ˈstivi ˈʤɑnsən. hi ˌoʊvərθˈru ˈbrændən lɔɪd ɔn ə pəˈtɛnʃəl td*. fɔr drɑps hɛlp (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈboʊldɪn ˈdrɑpɪŋ ə td*). ðə ˈrənɪŋ geɪm 62 jɑrdz) wɑz ə ˈrumər. dɪˈfɛns ˈsɑri, wi greɪd ɔn ðə kərv ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðɪs ə fɛr faɪt. ˈpeɪtən ˈmænɪŋ prɪˈdɪktəbli tɔrʧt ən ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ðət əˈlaʊd kəmˈpliʃənz əv 49 40 (td*), 39 (td*) ənd 32 jɑrdz. ðə hæd tu sæks, bət, ˈoʊvərˌɔl, feɪld tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt kənˈsɪstənt ˈprɛʃər əˈgɛnst ˈmænɪŋ, wɪʧ ɪz ə ˈrɛsəpi fər ðə dɪˈzæstər ðət ənˈfoʊldəd. ˈspɛʃəl timz ˈdɛnvər, koʊ ɑkˈtoʊbər 19 kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ˈkoʊlɪn 7 əv ðə sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈrəʃɪz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈdɛnvər ˈbrɑŋkoʊz ˈdʊrɪŋ ə geɪm æt spɔrts əˈθɔrəti fild æt maɪl haɪ ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 19 2014 ɪn ˈdɛnvər, ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ baɪ ˈʤəstɪn ˈɪmɪʤɪz) lɛs ˈdɛnvər, koʊ ɑkˈtoʊbər 19 kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ˈkoʊlɪn 7 əv ðə sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈrəʃɪz əˈgɛnst ðə ˈdɛnvər ˈbrɑŋkoʊz ˈdʊrɪŋ ə geɪm æt spɔrts əˈθɔrəti fild æt maɪl haɪ ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 19 2014 ɪn ˈdɛnvər, mɔr ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈʤəstɪn ˈɛdməndz ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈʤəstɪn ˈɛdməndz ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈɪmɪʤ 1 əv 1 ˈkæpʃən kloʊz ˈgreɪdɪŋ ðə ˈvərsəz. ˈbrɑŋkoʊz, ɔkt. 19 1 1 bæk tɪ ˈgæləri fɪl ˈlɔŋˈreɪnʤ fits hæv spɔɪld fænz, soʊ hɪz mɪs frəm 51 jɑrdz keɪm ɛz ə maɪld ʃɑk (hi hæd bɪn frəm 50-plus*). ˈændi li kˈwaɪətli hæd ə ˈbrɪljənt pərˈfɔrməns: hi hæd ə nɛt ˈævərɪʤ groʊs) ɔn faɪv pənts, wɪθ ə 71-yarder*. ˈrʊki brus ˈɛlɪŋtən 1 pənt rɪˈtərn, 4 jɑrdz) həz jɛt tɪ meɪk ən ˌɪmˈpækt. ˈkoʊʧɪŋ nɑt ðət ɪt wʊd hæv ˈmætərd, bət ðə wʊd hæv bɪn ˈbɛtər sərvd tɪ kəˈmɪt tɪ pleɪɪŋ ə geɪm əv əˈgɛnst ˈmænɪŋ. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðeɪ juzd ˈplɛnti əv fɔr- ənd fɔrˈmeɪʃənz ənd kəmˈplitli dɪʧt ðə graʊnd geɪm ˈæftər ˈfɑlɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd ˈərli. ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ə ˈʃutaʊt wɪθ ˈmænɪŋ ɪn ˈdɛnvər? nɑt ədˈvaɪzd. ˈoʊvərˌɔl ðə skaɪ ˈfɑlɪŋ, ˈivɪn ˈæftər ə ˈbitɪŋ. ðə wər pleɪɪŋ ɔn ə ʃɔrt wik əˈgɛnst ə təf tim ɪn ə ˈdɪfəkəlt ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. stɪl, səˈpraɪzɪŋ ðeɪ ˈɔfər mɔr rɪˈzɪstəns. brænʧ
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grading the 49ers vs. broncos, oct. 19
offense
colin kaepernick had highlight-reel completions, but two critical mistakes. his interception was a head-scratcher: a forced throw over the middle to well-covered stevie johnson. he overthrew brandon lloyd on a potential 71-yard td. four drops help (including anquan boldin dropping a would-be td). the running game (62 yards) was a rumor.
defense
sorry, we grade on the curve even though this wasn’t a fair fight. peyton manning predictably torched an injury-riddled secondary that allowed completions of 49, 40 (td), 39 (td) and 32 yards. the 49ers had two sacks, but, overall, failed to generate consistent pressure against manning, which is a recipe for the disaster that unfolded.
special teams
denver, co - october 19: quarterback colin kaepernick #7 of the san francisco 49ers rushes against the denver broncos during a game at sports authority field at mile high on october 19, 2014 in denver, colorado. (photo by justin edmonds/getty images) less denver, co - october 19: quarterback colin kaepernick #7 of the san francisco 49ers rushes against the denver broncos during a game at sports authority field at mile high on october 19, 2014 in denver, ... more photo: justin edmonds / getty images photo: justin edmonds / getty images image 1 of / 1 caption close grading the 49ers vs. broncos, oct. 19 1 / 1 back to gallery
phil dawson’s long-range feats have spoiled fans, so his first-quarter miss from 51 yards came as a mild shock (he had been 4-of-4 from 50-plus). andy lee quietly had a brilliant performance: he had a 50-yard net average (54.4 gross) on five punts, with a 71-yarder. rookie bruce ellington (1 punt return, 4 yards) has yet to make an impact.
coaching
not that it would have mattered, but the 49ers would have been better served to commit to playing a power-running game of keep-away against manning. instead, they used plenty of four- and five-wr formations and completely ditched the ground game after falling behind early. getting into a shootout with manning in denver? not advised.
overall
the sky isn’t falling, even after a 25-point beating. the injury-riddled 49ers were playing on a short week against a tough team in a difficult environment. still, it’s surprising they offer more resistance.
—eric branch
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ˈpipəl skɪlz ər ðeɪ pri dɪˈtərmənd æt bərθ, dɪˈvɛləpt ˈoʊvər taɪm, ər ʤɪst ˈsəmθɪŋ səm ˈpipəl wɪl ˈnɛvər hæv? təˈdeɪ, ə ˈwʊmən æst mi ɪf aɪ laɪkt hər ənd wɪn aɪ ˈænsərd ˈtruθfəli (wɪθ ə noʊ) ʃi simd ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪnli ʃɑkt. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt maɪ ˈətər ˈbreɪzənəs tʊk ˈoʊvər ənd aɪ æst hər ɪf maɪ əˈpɪnjən əv hir wʊd sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn hər sɛlf wərθ ənd ʃi sɛd ɪt wʊd. aɪ meɪ nɑt hæv ən ɪˈnəf breɪn tɪ ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnd ðɪs ˈkɑnsɛpt bət ɪt simz tɪ mi ɪf ðə əˈpɪnjənz əv ˈəðərz əˈfɛkt ju soʊ məʧ ju meɪ bi ˈbɛtər nɑt ˈlivɪŋ jʊr haʊs. aɪ æm ˈrəðər laɪk tɪm ɪn ðə əˈbəv ˈpɪkʧər (ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɑrtɪst ənˈnoʊn) ɪn ðət ɪf ˈsəmˌwən dɪz nɑt laɪk mi ɪt wɪl ˈniðər ˈəpˌsɛt mi nɔr əˈfɛkt ˈɛni pɑrt əv maɪ laɪf ənd aɪ hæv kəm əˈkrɔs səm ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz wɛr ðɪs həz bɪn ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk ər ʤɪst ˈdeɪnʤərəs. ɛz ə ˈkriʧər wɪθ ə koʊld, ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪŋ breɪn ənd noʊ dɪˈzaɪər tɪ pliz ˈɛniˌwən aɪ hæv ə ˈtɛndənsi tɪ bi ˈbrutəli ˈɑnəst ənd ðət həz bɪn ən ˈɪʃu ɔn ˈmɛni ɔˈkeɪʒənz (fər ɪgˈzæmpəl wɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ maɪ ˌsupərˈvaɪzərz ər ˈpipəl hu ər ˈbɪgər, ˈskɛriər ənd ˈɔfən ðən aɪ æm) bət aɪ sim tɪ tərn ɪt ɔf! ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə əˈbəv aɪ hæv ə ˈdɛvəl əv ə taɪm ˈhoʊldɪŋ ɔn tɪ frɛndz. aɪ ˈnɛvər sim tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ meɪnˈteɪn mɔr ðən wən ˈfrɛndʃɪp æt ə taɪm. maɪ ˈlɔŋgɪst ˈfrɛndʃɪp ˈlæstɪd θri jɪrz ənd ðət ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ʧəm wɑz ɛkˌstrɔrdəˈnɛrəli gʊd æt ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ɔl my….emmm…”eccentricities”*”. səm əv ðoʊz ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs meɪ faɪnd ðɪs ə streɪnʤ ˈsɛntəns bət aɪ sim tɪ hæv ðə seɪm dɪˈzaɪər tɪ meɪk frɛndz ɛz ˈəðərz. dɪˈzaɪər tɪ kəˈnɛkt wɪθ ˈəðərz (ənd pərˈhæps ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ səm vjuz, ðɪs blɔg ɪz nɑt ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ kəˈnɛkt wɪθ ˈpipəl bət ˈmɪrli ə ˈmɛθəd əv ˈkɑnˌtæktɪŋ ðɛm). aɪ ˈrɪli ɪkˈspleɪn ɪt ˈəðər ðən seɪɪŋ aɪ æm ˈkɑntɛnt ɔn maɪ oʊn məʧ laɪk ə wʊlf, ˈkugər ər ˈgoʊfər tortoise….hmmmm*, ðət læst wən saʊnd ɛz kul ɛz aɪ θɔt ɪt wʊd. naʊ, fər ðoʊz əv ju hu hæv rɛd maɪ ˈpriviəs poʊsts ju meɪ bi ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əp ðɛr ju nɑt ˈpriviəsli kleɪmd tɪ bi ə nərs? ə prəˈfɛʃən wɪʧ baɪ ɔl əˈkaʊnts ɪz æt list 30 gui ˈfilɪŋz ənd stuff?”*?” ənd ju wʊd bi raɪt maɪ bɪg breɪnd ənd ˈhænsəm ˈridər. aɪ wɪl ədˈmɪt hir ənd naʊ ðət aɪ æm ˈniðər ə ˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk nɔr ˈpərsən ənd ðət həz hæd ə ˈsəmˈwət ˈlɑrʤər ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn maɪ wərk ðən aɪ ərˈɪʤənəli ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd. ɪt həz kət ðə ˈɛriəz aɪ kən ˈkəmfərtəbli wərk ɪn ˈpræktɪkəli ɪn hæf. aɪ ˈrisəntli spɛnt səm taɪm ɔn ən əv laɪf care”*” taɪp ˈɛriə ənd aɪ dɪd nɑt fɪt ɪn æt ɔl. ɔl ðə stæf ðɛr ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ˈpeɪʃənz ˌriəˈʃʊrɪŋ ðɛm ənd ˈkəmfərtɪŋ ðɛm. waɪl ðət ɪz nis, səm əv ˈjuˈɛs ʤɪst ðət gʊd æt ɪt. ə ˈpeɪʃənt dɪz nɑt wɔnt mi ˈsɪtɪŋ baɪ ðɛr bɛd ˈtɛlɪŋ ðɛm ðət “…“…yes*, aɪ du θɪŋk dɛθ ɪz ðə ɛnd, ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr, ˈnəθɪŋ less.”*.” ɔn ðə ˈəpˈsaɪd aɪ hæv faʊnd ðət aɪ θraɪv ɪn ən (ər ər fər ɑr əˈmɛrɪkən ˈridərz) ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. aɪ kən ˈdɪstəns ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd wərk ɔn, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ə ˈpeɪʃənt ˈmɪnəts frəm dɛθ ənd nɑt bi feɪzd baɪ ðɛr ˈræpədli ˈfɑlɪŋ hɑrt reɪt ər ðə bləd ˈgəʃɪŋ frəm ðɛr ˈfɛˌmərəl ˈɑrtəri. noʊ ˈmætər wət weɪ aɪ ɪt, aɪ mɪs aʊt ɔn ə juʤ pɑrt fərˈgɪv mi fər ˈjuzɪŋ səʧ ə ˈflaʊəri ˈjumən ɪkˈspɪriəns. bət aɪ wɔnt tɪ ʧæns maɪ ˌɑbʤɛkˈtɪvɪti fər ɔl ðə ˈfilɪŋz ɪn ðə wərld. aɪ wʊd bi ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈəðər laɪk mi, hu fil laɪk ðɛr læk əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɪz ən ædˈvæntɪʤ ər ðoʊz hu kən prəˈvaɪd ə ˈgraʊndɪŋ ɛz tɪ waɪ maɪ læk əv ˈɛmpəθi ɪz ə bæd θɪŋ. laters*,
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people skills are they pre determined at birth, developed over time, or just something some people will never have? today, a woman asked me if i liked her and when i answered truthfully (with a no) she seemed genuinely shocked. at this point my utter brazenness took over and i asked her if my opinion of here would significantly impact on her self worth and she said it would. i may not have an empathic enough brain to comprehend this concept but it seems to me if the opinions of others affect you so much you may be better not leaving your house. i am rather like tim in the above picture (original artist unknown) in that if someone does not like me it will neither upset me nor affect any part of my life and i have come across some situations where this has been problematic or just down-right dangerous.
as a creature with a cold, calculating brain and no desire to please anyone i have a tendency to be brutally honest and that has been an issue on many occasions (for example when talking to my supervisors or people who are bigger, scarier and often drunker than i am) but i can’t seem to turn it off!
as a result of the above i have a devil of a time holding on to friends. i never seem to be able to maintain more than one friendship at a time. my longest friendship lasted three years and that particular chum was extraordinarily good at dealing with all my….emmm…”eccentricities”. some of those reading this may find this a strange sentence but i seem to have the same desire to make friends as others. right….no desire to connect with others (and perhaps anticipating some reader’s views, this blog is not an attempt to connect with people but merely a method of contacting them). i can’t really explain it other than saying i am content on my own much like a wolf, cougar orher tortoise….hmmmm, that last one sound as cool as i thought it would.
now, for those of you who have read my previous posts you may be thinking “hold up there optimurse…have you not previously claimed to be a nurse? a profession which by all accounts is at least 30% ooey gooey feelings and stuff?” and you would be right my big brained and handsome reader.
i will admit here and now that i am neither a sympathetic nor empathic person and that has had a somewhat larger impact on my work than i originally anticipated. it has cut the areas i can comfortably work in practically in half. i recently spent some time on an “end of life care” type area and i did not fit in at all. all the staff there enjoyed sitting talking to patients reassuring them and comforting them. while that is nice, some of us just that good at it. a patient does not want me sitting by there bed telling them that “…yes, i do think death is the end, nothing more, nothing less.” on the upside i have found that i thrive in an a&e (or er for our american readers) environment. i can distance myself and work on, for example, a patient minutes from death and not be phased by their rapidly falling heart rate or the blood gushing from their femoral artery.
no matter what way i rationalise it, i miss out on a huge part of…and forgive me for using such a flowery term…the human experience. but i wouldn’t want to chance my objectivity for all the feelings in the world.
i would be interested in other like me, who feel like their lack of empathic thinking is an advantage or those who can provide a grounding as to why my lack of empathy is a bad thing.
laters,
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pɔˈlɛt dɛl kɑˈsɑli, ə ˈdɑnəld trəmp səˈpɔrtər, æt ən ɪˈvɛnt læst wik ɪn ˈændərsən, s.c*. ɪt wɑz ðə fərst taɪm ʃi həz ˌvɑlənˈtɪrd fər ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl kæmˈpeɪn. (ˈʤɛnə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst) pɔˈlɛt dɛl kɑˈsɑli ənd ə frɛnd droʊv ˈnɪrli θri aʊərz læst wik frəm ðə æˈtlæntə ˈsəbərbz tɪ ðɪs ˈrʊrəl, ˌnɔrθˈwɛst ˈkɔrnər əv saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə tɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns ə ˈdɑnəld trəmp ˈræli əˈgɛn. ɪt wɑz dɛl fɔrθ trəmp ɪˈvɛnt ɪn θri steɪts, ənd fər ðə fərst taɪm ʃi wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ wərk ɛz ə ˌvɑlənˈtɪr fər ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl kæmˈpeɪn. ʃi ʧɪrd θru ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl spiʧ ənd, ˈæftərwərd, poʊzd fər ˈfoʊˌtoʊz wɪθ nu frɛndz ənd pləgd ə ˈpraɪvət ˈfeɪsˌbʊk grup ʃi hɛlps ˈmɑdərˌeɪt, dɪˈfits ðə establishment.”*.” fil, fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn maɪ laɪf, ðət aɪ æm nɑt invisible,”*,” sɛd dɛl kɑˈsɑli, hu ˈdɛkərˌeɪtɪd hər kæmˈpeɪn ˈtiˌsərt wɪθ 14 lɑrʤ ˈbətənz. ðə fərst taɪm, aɪ fil laɪk ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈsəmˌbɑdi ˈrənɪŋ fər ˈprɛzɪdənt hu ɪz ˈspikɪŋ ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd ˈəðərz laɪk me.”*.” dɛl kɑˈsɑli ɪz ə praɪm ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðə hu flɑk tɪ trəmp. ðeɪ draɪv aʊərz tɪ kæmˈpeɪn ɪˈvɛnts ənd weɪt ɪn blæk laɪnz tɪ gɪt ə spɑt kloʊz tɪ ðə frənt. ˈmɛni hæv ˈnɛvər əˈtɛndəd ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈræli ər ˈrɛgjələrli ˈvoʊtɪd. jɛt ðeɪ dɪˈvoʊt aʊərz iʧ wik tɪ ˈfeɪsˌbʊk kləbz ənd tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnts ənd traɪ tɪ kənˈvɪns ðɛr ˈrɛlətɪvz, frɛndz ənd ˈneɪbərz ðət ðə bɑmˈbæstɪk ˌbɪljəˈnɛr ʃʊd bi ðə ˈlidər əv ðə fri wərld. hɪts ðə sɔr pɔɪnts ðət ˈɛvriˌbɑdi kaɪnd əv wɔnts tɪ stɪr around,”*,” sɛd brɛt ˈhɛvnər, ə ˈnuli ˈmɛrid hu lɪvz ɪn ˈændərsən ənd wərks fər ˈpɛpsi. wət aɪ laɪk əˈbaʊt ɪm nɑt əˈfreɪd tɪ gɪt ɪn ðɛr ənd teɪk ðə ˈbʊlət. nɑt skɛrd əv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ənd wət wi need.”*.” ˈkænədɪt ˈdɑnəld trəmp ˈwɛlkəmd ən ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk səˈpɔrtər ˌɑnˈsteɪʤ ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈræli ɪn ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs. trəmp preɪzd ðə ˈwʊmən, hu sɛd ʃi wɑz ˌkoʊˈləmbiən, seɪɪŋ, "ˈnɛvər mɛt hər ˌbiˈfɔr, ʃiz əˈmeɪzɪŋ." (ˈrɔɪtərz) kæmˈpeɪn ɪz nɑt laɪk moʊst ənd ˈniðər ər trəmp kraʊdz. ə ˈrisənt spiʧ ɪn nɔrθ ˈʧɑrəlstən əˈtræktəd ə grup əv ˈmɪdəˌleɪgd mɑmz ˈwɛrɪŋ ˈhoʊˈmeɪd ˈtiˌsərts ənd ˈkɛriɪŋ ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt saɪnz. ðɛr wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˈwʊmən hu sɛd ʃi ˈwɑʧɪz ˈkeɪbəl ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən 15 aʊərz ə deɪ tɪ kip əp wɪθ ɔl əv ˈkɑmɛnts. ən əˈpɪrəns ɪn ˈrʊrəl ˌmæsəˈʧusəts əˈtræktəd ə mæn hu həz ˈwɔntɪd trəmp tɪ rən sɪns 2012 ɛz ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd ɪn ə ˈfeɪdɪd ˈtiˌsərt ˈfiʧərɪŋ ə kɑrˈtun trəmp ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə hi ɪz faɪərd. æt ə ˈræli ɪn ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs, trəmp ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ˈɔntu ðə steɪʤ ə fæn ˈkləʧɪŋ ə ˈkɑpi əv ˈpipəl ˈmægəˌzin ˈfiʧərɪŋ hɪz feɪs. ləv ˈmɪstər. trump!”*!” jɛld ˈmɪriəm ˈwɪʧər, ən ˈɪməgrənt frəm kəˈləmbiə hu baʊnst wɪθ ðə ɪkˈsaɪtmənt əv ə ˈtiˌneɪʤd gərl ˈmitɪŋ ə ˈhɑrtθˌrɑb. æm hɪˈspænɪk, ənd aɪ voʊt fər ˈmɪstər. trump!”*!” [ˈdɑnəld trəmp plɑts hɪz ˈsɛkənd ækt] æt ðə ˈræli ɪn ˈændərsən, kɑz ɪn ðə ˈpɑrkɪŋ lɔt wər mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ hæv ə ˈbəmpər ˈstɪkər ˈpləgɪŋ ə ˌjunəˈvərsəti, spɔrts tim ər ˈɑnərz ˈstudənt ðən ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl kæmˈpeɪn. ˌɪnˈsaɪd wər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈvɛtərənz hu wər ˈgɪvɪn sits əv ˈɑnər, haɪ skul ˈstudənts hu bi oʊld ɪˈnəf tɪ voʊt nɛkst jɪr ənd ə riˈtaɪˈri hu əˈtɛndz ɛz ˈmɛni trəmp ˈræliz ɛz hi kən ˈwɛrɪŋ ə blæk ənd goʊld sɑmˈbrɛroʊ. wɛr ðɪs ɪn səˈpɔrt bɪˈkəz aɪ fil laɪk səm ˈmɛksəkən ˈpipəl du səˈpɔrt ɪm ənd everything,”*,” sɛd ʤɪm jeɪts əv ˈlɔrənz, s.c*., ə ˈvɛtərən əv ðə viˌɛtˈnɑm wɔr ənd rɪˈtaɪrd ˈtulˌmeɪkər huz ˈfeɪvərɪt ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz ər ðə wənz hu ˈʧælənʤ ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm ˌɪnˈkəmbənts. aɪ laɪk əˈbaʊt trəmp ɪz hi tɛlz ɪt laɪk ɪt ɪz. wi ˈgɑnə ˈhoʊpfəli bɪld ðət wɔl, 25 ər 30 fit. ˈgɑnə goʊ daʊn ðɛr ənd hɛlp him.”*.” ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən həz bɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ hɪz moʊst ˈpæʃənət fænz ənd ˈfənəl ðɛr ˈɛnərʤi ˈɪntu trəˈdɪʃənəl kæmˈpeɪn ækˈtɪvɪtiz. dɛl kɑˈsɑli kəˈnɛktɪd wɪθ wən əv ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzərz ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd əˈgrid tɪ hɛlp æt læst ˈræli. ˈwɛrɪŋ ə ˈlæməˌneɪtəd ˌvɑlənˈtɪr pæs, ʃi ˈhændɪd aʊt jɑrd saɪnz, ˈgritɪd ðə mɔr ðən ˈpipəl hu əraɪvd ənd ʧɪrd ənˈtɪl ʃi wɑz hɔrs. wɪn trəmp sɛd rɪˈpəblɪkənz dən ɪˈnəf tɪ kənˈfrənt ˌɪˈligəl ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən, dɛl kɑˈsɑli ˈʃaʊtɪd, goʊɪŋ tɪ bɪld ə wall!”*!” ɛz hi ˈprɑməst tɪ gɪt rɪd əv ðə ˈkɑmən kɔr ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈstændərdz, ʃi əˈgrid: ʧaɪld abuse!”*!” ənd ɛz trəmp ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz hɪz toʊn kən bi ə bɪt rəf, ʃi ˈʃaʊtɪd, nid nice!”*!” ɛz trəmp lɛft ðə steɪʤ ənd rɑk mˈjuzɪk blɛrd, ʃi bɪˈgæn tɪ dæns. 1 əv 45 fʊl skrin kloʊz skɪp æd trəmp ˈkæpʧərz ðə əˈtɛnʃən ɛz hi kæmˈpeɪnz vju ˈfoʊˌtoʊz ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkænədɪt ənd ˌbɪljəˈnɛr ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn lidz ðə fild əv ˈkænədɪts ɪn ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən reɪs. ˈkæpʃən ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn ˈdɑnəld trəmp əˈfɪʃəli bɪˈkeɪm ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌnɑməˈni æt ðə kənˈvɛnʃən ɪn ˈklivlənd. ˈdɑnəld trəmp spiks æt ə kæmˈpeɪn ɪˈvɛnt æt trəmp dɔˈræl gɔlf kɔrs ɪn maɪˈæmi. ˈkɑrloʊ baɪ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ weɪt 1 ˈsɛkənd tɪ kənˈtɪnju. ənˈtɪl ðɪs jɪr, dɛl kɑˈsɑli hæd ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli kɛrd əˈbaʊt ˈpɑləˌtɪks. ʃi gru əp ɪn ə ˈfæməli ɪn ˈbrʊklɪn ənd wɑz ðə fərst ɪn hər ˈfæməli tɪ əˈtɛnd ˈkɑlɪʤ. ˈərli ɔn, ʃi ˈvoʊtɪd fər ˈdɛməˌkræts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ bɪl ˈklɪntən. bət əˈbaʊt ə ˈdɛkeɪd əˈgoʊ, ʃi bɪˈkeɪm dɪsɪnˈʧænɪd wɪθ boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz. ɪt fɛlt laɪk ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts wər noʊ ˈlɔŋgər party,”*,” ʃi sɛd, soʊ læst jɪr, ʃi ˈvoʊtɪd fər rɪˈpəblɪkənz fər ðə fərst taɪm ˈoʊnli tɪ bi ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd ðət nɑt məʧ ʧeɪnʤd ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. stagnant,”*,” dɛl kɑˈsɑli sɛd ɪn dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ hər ˈfaɪˌnænsɪz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst fju jɪrz. ˈfɔrʧənət. sæd wi ər ˈfɔrʧənət tɪ bi ˈstægnənt, ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˈʤɑbləs. bət wɪn ˈmɪstər. trəmp sɪz ðə drim ɪz dɛd. aɪ wʊd ˈrəðər hæv ə drim əv ˈprɑspərɪŋ ənd kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ improve.”*.” [trəmp meɪnˈteɪnz lɛd ɪn reɪs] dɛl kɑˈsɑli wərks ɪn seɪlz, ənd hər ˈhəzbənd ˈmænɪʤɪz ˈrɛnəˌveɪʃənz əv stɔrz. ʃi sɛd ʃi həz ə sən ɪn ə ˈpəblɪk haɪ skul ənd ə ˈdɔtər ʃi ˈrisəntli ɛnˈroʊld ɪn ə ˈpraɪvət skul tɪ ɪˈskeɪp ðə ˈnuli ˌɪmˈpoʊzd ˈkɑmən kɔr ˈstændərdz. ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ðə ˈdætə ðə ˈgəvərnmənt kəˈlɛkts frəm ˈskuˌlʧɪldrən. dɛl kɑˈsɑli rɪˈmɛmbərz ˈwɑʧɪŋ ə riˈpleɪ əv kæmˈpeɪn əˈnaʊnsmɛnt spiʧ ɪn ʤun ənd ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ aɪ wɔnt tɪ hear.”*.” fər jɪrz, ʃi sɪz, ʃi həz groʊn mɔr ənd mɔr ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd. ˈæŋgri ðət soʊ məʧ əv hər ˈpeɪˌʧɛk goʊz tɪ ˈtæksɪz, jɛt ðə ˈpəblɪk skulz ɪn hər ˈɛriə əp tɪ hər ˈstændərdz. ˈæŋgri əˈbaʊt ʤɑbz biɪŋ sɛnt ˈoʊvərˈsiz ənd ˈfɔrən ˈwərkərz biɪŋ ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd, ənd əˈbaʊt ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz ˈmeɪkɪŋ juʤ ˈsæləriz waɪl peɪɪŋ ðɛr ɪmˈplɔɪiz loʊ wages*. ˈæŋgri ðət goʊɪŋ bæk tɪ skul həz jɛt tɪ peɪ ɔf fər hər. ˈæŋgri ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt du ɪˈnəf tɪ hɛlp ˈpipəl faɪnd ʤɑbz ənd ˈdiˌkris ðɛr dɪˈpɛndəns ɔn fud stæmps ənd ˈəðər ɛnˈtaɪtəlmənts. ənd ˈæŋgri ðət ðə ˈbɔrdər ɪz nɑt sɪˈkjʊr ənd fɪrz ðət ˈməzlɪm ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ər biɪŋ əˈlaʊd ˈɪntu ðə ˈkəntri wɪˈθaʊt ɪˈnəf ˈvɛtɪŋ. ju kip ɑr ˈkəntri seɪf, ðɛn ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈɪʃu ðət ˈpipəl kɛr əˈbaʊt wət dɪz ɪt matter?”*?” dɛl kɑˈsɑli sɛd. wət ju wɪl əˈbaʊt ˈməzlɪmz, bət ɔl ˈoʊvər ˈjʊrəp, ənd ˈskɛri. ðə strits ər ə mɛs. ðə ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm goʊɪŋ ɔn. goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt wərs ənd worse.”*.” ðiz ər ðə sɔrts əv ˈɪʃuz ðət dɛl kɑˈsɑli ɪz ˈkɑnfədənt trəmp wɪl ˈæˌdrɛs. ʃi noʊ məʧ əˈbaʊt ɪm ˌbiˈfɔr ðɪs ˈsəmər, ˈhævɪŋ ˈnɛvər ˈrɛgjələrli wɔʧt hɪz ˌriˈæləˌti ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ʃoʊ, apprentice.”*.” bət ʃi laɪks ðət hi oʊnz soʊ ˈmɛni ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd həz bɪˈkəm soʊ ˈwɛlθi, wɪʧ ʃi sɪz ər saɪnz əv hɪz ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, kərɪʤ ənd ˈlidərˌʃɪp. dɛl kɑˈsɑli ædˈmaɪrz ðət hi həz vaʊd tɪ spɛnd ˈmɪljənz əv hɪz oʊn ɔn ðə kæmˈpeɪn əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈgɪvɪŋ əp taɪm wɪθ hɪz ˈfæməli ənd ˈbɪznɪsɪz. strɛʧt soʊ θɪn, bət ɪf hi ˈnidɪd ðə ˈməni, aɪ wʊd ʃɛl ɪt out,”*,” ʃi sɛd. wʊd sacrifice.”*.” ˌɔlˈðoʊ trəmp həz brægd əˈbaʊt hɪz kæmˈpeɪn, ə ʧəŋk əv ðə ˈməni hi həz spɛnt həz kəm frəm səˈpɔrtərz hu meɪd ˌənsəˈlɪsɪtɪd doʊˈneɪʃənz. əv ðə mɔr ðən ˈmɪljən trəmp rɪˈpɔrts ˈhævɪŋ reɪzd frəm ˌʤuˈlaɪ tɪ sɛpˈtɛmbər, 72 pərˈsɛnt keɪm frəm doʊˈneɪʃənz əv 200 ər lɛs. hɪz kæmˈpeɪn həz sɛd ðə ˈævərɪʤ doʊˈneɪʃən əˈmaʊnt wɑz [trəmp kəˈlɛkts ˈnɪrli 4 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˌənsəˈlɪsɪtɪd doʊˈneɪʃənz] dɛl kɑˈsɑli ɪz ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪŋ hər taɪm ənd lɑts əv ɪt. ɛz sun ɛz ʃi weɪks əp, ʃi ʧɛks tɪ si wət trəmp həz sɛd ɔn tˈwɪtər. ðə ˈmɛsɪʤɪz prəˈvaɪd ə ˈpərsɪnəl kəˈnɛkʃən, ʃi sɪz. ˌbiˈfɔr ənd ˈæftər wərk, ʃi spɛnz taɪm ˈrɛdɪŋ nuz ənd ˈʧætɪŋ wɪθ ˈfɛloʊ fænz ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk. ʃi həz ˈtrævəld tɪ fɔr trəmp ˈræliz: tu ɪn saʊθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə, wən ɪn ˈʤɔrʤə ənd wən ɪn ˌtɛnəˈsi. ðət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz minz lɛs taɪm wɪθ hər kɪdz, bət dɛl kɑˈsɑli sɛd ðɪs ˈmɪʃən ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. duɪŋ ðɪs bɪˈkəz ˈwərid əˈbaʊt maɪ children”*” ənd ðɛr fˈjuʧərz, ʃi sɛd. wɔnt ðɛm tɪ hæv opportunities.”*.” ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt.
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paulette del casale, a donald trump supporter, at an event last week in anderson, s.c. it was the first time she has volunteered for a political campaign. (jenna johnson/the washington post)
paulette del casale and a friend drove nearly three hours last week from the atlanta suburbs to this rural, northwest corner of south carolina to experience a donald trump rally — again.
it was del casale’s fourth trump event in three states, and for the first time she was going to work as a volunteer for a political campaign. she cheered through the republican presidential candidate’s hour-long speech and, afterward, posed for photos with new friends and plugged a private facebook group she helps moderate, “trump defeats the establishment.”
“i feel, for the first time in my life, that i am not invisible,” said del casale, who decorated her campaign t-shirt with 14 large pro-trump buttons. “for the first time, i feel like there’s actually somebody running for president who is speaking on behalf of myself and others like me.”
del casale is a prime example of the superfans who flock to trump. they drive hours to campaign events and wait in black friday-like lines to get a spot close to the front. many have never attended a political rally or regularly voted. yet they devote hours each week to pro-trump facebook clubs and twitter accounts and try to convince their relatives, friends and neighbors that the bombastic billionaire should be the leader of the free world.
“he hits the sore points that everybody kind of wants to steer around,” said brett hevner, a newly married 25-year-old who lives in anderson and works for pepsi. “that’s what i like about him — he’s not afraid to get in there and take the bullet. he’s not scared of anything, and that’s what we need.”
gop candidate donald trump welcomed an enthusiastic supporter onstage during a rally in las vegas. trump praised the woman, who said she was columbian, saying, "never met her before, she's amazing." (reuters)
trump’s campaign is not like most — and neither are trump crowds. a recent speech in north charleston attracted a group of middle-aged moms wearing homemade pro-trump t-shirts and carrying elaborate signs. there was also a 71-year-old woman who said she watches cable television 15 hours a day to keep up with all of trump’s comments. an appearance in rural massachusetts attracted a man who has wanted trump to run since 2012, as documented in a faded t-shirt featuring a cartoon trump telling president obama he is fired.
at a rally in las vegas, trump invited onto the stage a star-struck fan clutching a copy of people magazine featuring his face. “i love mr. trump!” yelled myriam witcher, an immigrant from colombia who bounced with the excitement of a teenaged girl meeting a boy-band heartthrob. “i am hispanic, and i vote for mr. trump!”
[donald trump plots his second act]
at the rally in anderson, cars in the parking lot were more likely to have a bumper sticker plugging a university, sports team or honors student than a political campaign. inside were military veterans who were given seats of honor, high school students who won’t be old enough to vote next year and a 68-year-old retiree who attends as many trump rallies as he can wearing a black and gold sombrero.
“i wear this in support because i feel like some mexican people do support him and everything,” said jim yates of laurens, s.c., a veteran of the vietnam war and retired toolmaker whose favorite politicians are the ones who challenge longtime incumbents. “what i like about trump is he tells it like it is. . . . we gonna hopefully build that wall, 25 or 30 feet. gonna go down there and help him.”
trump’s operation has been trying to identify his most passionate fans and funnel their energy into traditional campaign activities. del casale connected with one of trump’s organizers on facebook and agreed to help at last week’s rally. wearing a laminated volunteer pass, she handed out yard signs, greeted the more than 5,500 people who arrived and cheered until she was hoarse.
when trump said republicans haven’t done enough to confront illegal immigration, del casale shouted, “we’re going to build a wall!” as he promised to get rid of the common core education standards, she agreed: “it’s child abuse!” and as trump acknowledged that sometimes his tone can be a bit rough, she shouted, “we need nice!” as trump left the stage and rock music blared, she began to dance.
1 of 45 full screen autoplay close skip ad × trump captures the nation’s attention as he campaigns view photos the presidential candidate and billionaire businessman leads the field of candidates in the republican race. caption businessman donald trump officially became the republican nominee at the party’s convention in cleveland. donald trump speaks at a campaign event at trump doral golf course in miami. carlo allegri/reuters buy photo wait 1 second to continue.
until this year, del casale had never really cared about politics. she grew up in a blue-collar family in brooklyn and was the first in her family to attend college. early on, she voted for democrats, including bill clinton. but about a decade ago, she became disenchanted with both parties. it felt like the democrats were no longer “the people’s party,” she said, so last year, she voted for republicans for the first time — only to be disappointed that not much changed in washington.
“we’re stagnant,” del casale said in describing her family’s finances over the past few years. “we’re fortunate. sad — we are fortunate to be stagnant, as opposed to jobless. but that’s when mr. trump says the dream is dead. i would rather have a dream of prospering and continuing to improve.”
[trump maintains lead in gop race]
del casale works in sales, and her husband manages renovations of stores. she said she has a 14-year-old son in a public high school and a 7-year-old daughter she recently enrolled in a private school to escape the newly imposed common core standards. she’s worried about the data the government collects from schoolchildren.
del casale remembers watching a replay of trump’s campaign announcement speech in june and thinking, “i’m listening to the message i want to hear.”
for years, she says, she has grown more and more frustrated. she’s angry that so much of her paycheck goes to taxes, yet the public schools in her area aren’t up to her standards. she’s angry about jobs being sent overseas and foreign workers being imported, and about chief executives making huge salaries while paying their employees low wages. she’s angry that going back to school has yet to pay off for her. she’s angry that the government do enough to help people find jobs and decrease their dependence on food stamps and other entitlements. and she’s angry that the border is not secure and fears that muslim refugees are being allowed into the country without enough vetting.
“if you keep our country safe, then any other issue that people care about — what does it matter?” del casale said. “say what you will about muslims, but congregating all over europe, and scary. the streets are a mess. the terrorism that’s going on. going to get worse and worse.”
these are the sorts of issues that del casale is confident trump will address. she didn’t know much about him before this summer, having never regularly watched his reality tv show, “the apprentice.” but she likes that he owns so many companies and has become so wealthy, which she says are signs of his intelligence, courage and leadership. del casale admires that he has vowed to spend millions of his own on the campaign — along with giving up time with his family and businesses.
“i’m stretched so thin, but if he needed the money, i would shell it out,” she said. “i would sacrifice.”
although trump has bragged about self-funding his campaign, a chunk of the money he has spent has come from supporters who made unsolicited donations. of the more than $3.8 million trump reports having raised from july to september, 72 percent came from donations of $200 or less. his campaign has said the average donation amount was $50.46.
[trump collects nearly $4 million in unsolicited donations]
del casale is instead donating her time — and lots of it. as soon as she wakes up, she checks to see what trump has said on twitter. the messages provide a personal connection, she says. before and after work, she spends time reading news and chatting with fellow fans on facebook. she has traveled to four trump rallies: two in south carolina, one in georgia and one in tennessee.
that sometimes means less time with her kids, but del casale said this mission is important.
“i’m doing this because worried about my children” and their futures, she said. “i want them to have opportunities.”
anu narayanswamy in washington contributed to this report.
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ˈteɪbəl əv ˈkɑntɛnts ˈjusɪʤ ˈjuzɪŋ ˈhæmbərgərz fər jʊr saɪt ɪz ˈizi (wɛl, ðət wɑz maɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən ˈɛniˌweɪ). ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ənd ˌɪnˈklud ðə ɪn ðə <hɛd> əv jʊr saɪt: <lɪŋk href*= "dist/hamburgers.css*" rel*= "stylesheet*" æd ðə beɪs ˈhæmbərgər ˈmɑrˌkəp: <ˈbətən klæs= "ˈhæmbərgər" taɪp= "ˈbətən" <spæn klæs= "hamburger-box*" <spæn klæs= "hamburger-inner*" ></spæn> </spæn> </ˈbətən> ju kən juz> ɛs (ɪf ju ˌɪnˈsɪst), bət nɑt ækˈsɛsəbəl ɛz ə ˈmɛnju ˈbətən. klæs= "ˈhæmbərgər" klæs= "hamburger-box*" klæs= "hamburger-inner*" ></div*> </div*> </div*> əˈpɛnd ðə klæs neɪm əv ðə taɪp əv ˈhæmbərgər ˈkreɪvɪŋ: <ˈbətən klæs= "ˈhæmbərgər" taɪp= "ˈbətən" <spæn klæs= "hamburger-box*" <spæn klæs= "hamburger-inner*" ></spæn> </spæn> </ˈbətən> ðə lɪst əv ˈklæsɪz ju kən ʧuz frəm: noʊt: -ɑr ˈklæsɪz ər rɪˈvərs ˈvɛriənts (e.g*. spɪnz ˈklɑkˌwaɪz wɛˈræz spɪnz ˌkaʊnərˈklɔkwaɪz. ˈtrɪgər ðə ˈæktɪv steɪt baɪ klæs neɪm <ˈbətən klæs= "ˈhæmbərgər" taɪp= "ˈbətən" <spæn klæs= "hamburger-box*" <spæn klæs= "hamburger-inner*" ></spæn> </spæn> </ˈbətən> sɪns ðə klæs neɪm wʊd hæv tɪ bi ˈtɑgəld ˈviə ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt ənd ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən wʊd ˈdɪfər beɪst ɔn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv haʊ ju plæn ɔn ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈhæmbərgər, goʊɪŋ tɪ liv ðə rɛst əp tɪ ju. stək? ə hɪnt. ə sˈnɪpət əv haʊ tɪ ˈtɑgəl ə klæs neɪm ɔn klɪk wɪθ ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt: skrɪpt lʊk fər .ˈhæmbərgər ˈhæmbərgər ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ".ˈhæmbərgər" ɔn klɪk ˈhæmbərgər "klɪk" ˈfəŋkʃən ˈtɑgəl klæs "is-active*" ˈhæmbərgər ˈtɑgəl "is-active*" du ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls, laɪk ˈmɛnju /skrɪpt ...ər jquery*: skrɪpt $ˈhæmbərgər ".ˈhæmbərgər" $ˈhæmbərgər ɔn "klɪk" ˈfəŋkʃən i $ˈhæmbərgər "is-active*" du ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls, laɪk ˈmɛnju /skrɪpt sæs sɔrs faɪlz ər əˈveɪləbəl ɪf ju juz sæs ɛz jʊr precompiler*. ənd ˈmɑʤələr. ˈhæmbərgərz ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ˈviə, jɑrn ənd baʊər. ˌɪnˈstɔl ˈhæmbərgərz jɑrn gɪt ˈhæmbərgərz baʊər ˌɪnˈstɔl ˈɔlsoʊ əˈveɪləbəl ɛz ə ˈrubi ʤɛm tɪ juz wɪˈθɪn jʊr reɪlz bɪˈloʊ fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ər tɪ ˈmænjuəli ˌɪnˈstɔl ɪt, ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ənd ənˈzɪp ðə sɔrs koʊd frəm github*. ðɛn ˈkɑpi ðə faɪlz frəm ðə dɪˈrɛktəri ˈɪntu jʊr ˈprɑʤɛkt. ˌɪmˈpɔrt ðə faɪl ɪn jʊr sæs ˈmænəˌfɛst faɪl: @ˌɪmˈpɔrt "path/to/hamburgers*" ˈkəstəˌmaɪz jʊr ˈhæmbərgər riˈmuv ˈɛni taɪps ju wɔnt ɪn kəmˈpaɪl jʊr sæs*, ənd vˌwɑˈlɑ! bi ʃʊr tɪ rən ðə θru sɪns ðə sæs əˈkaʊnt fər ˈvɛndər prefixes*. ˌɪnˈstɔl fər ˈrubi ɔn reɪlz æd ˈhæmbərgərz tɪ jʊr gemfile*. ʤɛm 'ˈhæmbərgərz' rən ˈbəndəl ˌɪnˈstɔl ˌɪnˈklud ˈhæmbərgərz baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ˈneɪtɪv !ˌɪmˈpɔrt @ˌɪmˈpɔrt ˈhæmbərgərz mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn waɪ ˈneɪtɪv @ˌɪmˈpɔrt waɪ ju ʃʊd dɪʧ dɪˈrɛktɪvz ˌɔltəˈgɛðər. tɪ ˈoʊvərˌraɪd dɪˈfɔlt ˈsɛtɪŋz, dɪˈklɛr ðɛm ˌbiˈfɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈhæmbərgərz: kəˈlæps @ˌɪmˈpɔrt "ˈhæmbərgərz" ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ kriˈeɪt ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt faɪl (e.g*. wɪθ ðoʊz ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃənz, ðɛn ˌɪmˈpɔrt ɪt əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈhæmbərgərz: @ˌɪmˈpɔrt "hamburgers-settings*" @ˌɪmˈpɔrt "ˈhæmbərgərz" hir ɪz ðə fʊl lɪst əv dɪˈfɔlt ˈsɛtɪŋz (faʊnd ɪn dɪˈfɔlt dɪˈfɔlt dɪˈfɔlt dɪˈfɔlt dɪˈfɔlt 000 dɪˈfɔlt dɪˈfɔlt 0 7 dɪˈfɔlt dɪˈfɔlt dɪˈfɔlt tɪ juz ˈfɪltərz ɛz ðə ˈhəvər ˈifɛkt ˌɪnˈstɛd əv oʊˈpæsəti, sɛt ɛz tru ənd ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈvælju əv əˈkɔrdɪŋli. fɔls dɪˈfɔlt oʊˈpæsəti 50 dɪˈfɔlt dɪˈfɔlt taɪps (riˈmuv ər ˈkɑmɛnt aʊt wət ju nid) ˈɛroʊ ˈbɔrɪŋ kəˈlæps ɪˈlæstɪk ɛmˈfætɪk ˈmaɪnəs sˈlaɪdər spərɪŋ stænd spɪn skwiz ˈvɔrtɛks dɪˈfɔlt ər ˈwɑnə wərk wɪθ ər ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ʤɪst ʧeɪnʤ ɔl ðə ˈvæljuz tɪ ðə ˈjunɪt əv jʊr ʧɔɪs. noʊt: bi kənˈsɪstənt (ɔl ər ɔl ˈəðərˌwaɪz ɪt meɪ mæθ bɪˈhaɪnd ðə wɪl feɪl ɪf ɪt əˈtɛmpts tɪ pərˈfɔrm ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz wɪθ ˈvæljuz əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈjunɪts. nɑt ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd? dɪg ˈɪntu ər taɪps/ ənd ˈkəstəˌmaɪz tɪ jʊr ˈkɑntɛnt. fɛr ˈwɔrnɪŋ: ˈprɪti ˈdɛləkət ənd meɪ breɪk, əˈspɛʃəli ɪf ju twik ðə ˌænəˈmeɪʃənz ðɛmˈsɛlvz. ˌæksɛsəˈbɪlɪti ˈhæmbərgər ˈmɛnju ˈaɪˌkɑnz kən bi ˈjusfəl ɪn ðə raɪt ˈkɑntɛkst, bət nɑt ðə moʊst ækˈsɛsəbəl. ˈɑriə wɪl hɛlp meɪk ɪt ækˈsɛsəbəl tɪ ˈpipəl wɪθ dɪsəˈbɪlɪtiz. <ˈbətən klæs= "ˈhæmbərgər" taɪp= "ˈbətən" aria-label*= "ˈmɛnju" aria-controls*= "ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən" <spæn klæs= "hamburger-box*" <spæn klæs= "hamburger-inner*" ></spæn> </spæn> </ˈbətən> <næv ˈaɪˈdi= "ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən" <!--ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən goʊz hir--> </næv> ɪf ju ˌɪnˈsɪst ɔn ˈjuzɪŋ> ɛs, baɪ dɪˈfɔlt nɑt (i.e*. ˈviə ˈkiˌbɔrd ər tɛkˈnɑləʤi). æd ðə əˈtrɪˌbjut əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ˈɑriə. klæs= "ˈhæmbərgər"= 0 aria-label*= "ˈmɛnju" roʊl= "ˈbətən" aria-controls*= "ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən" klæs= "hamburger-box*" klæs= "hamburger-inner*" ></div*> </div*> </div*> <næv ˈaɪˈdi= "ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən" <!--ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən goʊz hir--> </næv> ə ˈleɪbəl kən hɛlp meɪk ɪt mɔr ˈɑbviəs ðət ɪt ə ˈmɛnju. ˈmɛnju hir ər səm ˈrisɔrsɪz ɔn wɛb ˌæksɛsəˈbɪlɪti ənd ˈɑriə. ˈbraʊzər səˈpɔrt
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table of contents
usage
using hamburgers for your site is easy (well, that was my intention anyway).
download and include the css in the <head> of your site: <link href= "dist/hamburgers.css" rel= "stylesheet" > add the base hamburger markup: <button class= "hamburger" type= "button" > <span class= "hamburger-box" > <span class= "hamburger-inner" ></span> </span> </button> you can use <div> s (if you insist), but they’re not accessible as a menu button. <div class= "hamburger" > <div class= "hamburger-box" > <div class= "hamburger-inner" ></div> </div> </div> append the class name of the type of hamburger you’re craving: <button class= "hamburger hamburger--collapse" type= "button" > <span class= "hamburger-box" > <span class= "hamburger-inner" ></span> </span> </button> here’s the list of hamburger-type classes you can choose from: hamburger--3dx
hamburger--3dx-r
hamburger--3dy
hamburger--3dy-r
hamburger--3dxy
hamburger--3dxy-r
hamburger--arrow
hamburger--arrow-r
hamburger--arrowalt
hamburger--arrowalt-r
hamburger--arrowturn
hamburger--arrowturn-r
hamburger--boring
hamburger--collapse
hamburger--collapse-r
hamburger--elastic
hamburger--elastic-r
hamburger--emphatic
hamburger--emphatic-r
hamburger--minus
hamburger--slider
hamburger--slider-r
hamburger--spin
hamburger--spin-r
hamburger--spring
hamburger--spring-r
hamburger--stand
hamburger--stand-r
hamburger--squeeze
hamburger--vortex
hamburger--vortex-r note: -r classes are reverse variants (e.g. hamburger--spin spins clockwise whereas hamburger--spin-r spins counterclockwise. trigger the active state by appending class name is-active : <button class= "hamburger hamburger--collapse is-active" type= "button" > <span class= "hamburger-box" > <span class= "hamburger-inner" ></span> </span> </button> since the class name would have to be toggled via javascript and implementation would differ based on the context of how you plan on using the hamburger, i’m going to leave the rest up to you. stuck? here‘s a hint.
here’s a snippet of how to toggle a class name on click with javascript: < script > // look for .hamburger var hamburger = document . queryselector ( ".hamburger" ); // on click hamburger . addeventlistener ( "click" , function () { // toggle class "is-active" hamburger . classlist . toggle ( "is-active" ); // do something else, like open/close menu }); < /script > ...or jquery: < script > var $hamburger = $ ( ".hamburger" ); $hamburger . on ( "click" , function ( e ) { $hamburger . toggleclass ( "is-active" ); // do something else, like open/close menu }); < /script >
sass
.scss source files are available if you use sass as your css precompiler. it’s customizable and modular.
hamburgers is available via npm, yarn and bower. npm install hamburgers yarn get hamburgers bower install css-hamburgers also available as a ruby gem to use within your rails application—see below for more information.
or to manually install it, download and unzip the source code from github. then copy the files from the _sass/hamburgers directory into your project. import the hamburgers.scss file in your sass manifest file: @import "path/to/hamburgers" ; customize your hamburger and/or remove any types you don’t want in hamburgers.scss . compile your sass*, and voila!
* be sure to run the css through autoprefixer since the sass doesn’t account for vendor prefixes.
install for ruby on rails
add hamburgers to your gemfile. gem 'hamburgers' run bundle install . include hamburgers by using sass’s native !import **: // application.scss @import " hamburgers ";
** more information on why sass’s native @import + why you should ditch sprockets directives altogether.
customization
to override default settings, declare them before importing hamburgers:
$hamburger-padding-x : 20px ; $hamburger-padding-y : 15px ; $hamburger-types : ( collapse ); @import "hamburgers" ;
you can also create a separate file (e.g. hamburgers-settings.scss ) with those declarations, then import it along with hamburgers:
@import "hamburgers-settings" @import "hamburgers" ;
here is the full list of default settings (found in _sass/hamburgers/hamburgers.scss );
$hamburger-padding-x : 15px ! default ; $hamburger-padding-y : 15px ! default ; $hamburger-layer-width : 40px ! default ; $hamburger-layer-height : 4px ! default ; $hamburger-layer-spacing : 6px ! default ; $hamburger-layer-color : #000 ! default ; $hamburger-layer-border-radius : 4px ! default ; $hamburger-hover-opacity : 0 .7 ! default ; $hamburger-active-layer-color : $hamburger-layer-color ! default ; $hamburger-active-hover-opacity : $hamburger-hover-opacity ! default ; // to use css filters as the hover effect instead of opacity, // set $hamburger-hover-use-filter as true and // change the value of $hamburger-hover-filter accordingly. $hamburger-hover-use-filter : false ! default ; $hamburger-hover-filter : opacity ( 50% ) ! default ; $hamburger-active-hover-filter : $hamburger-hover-filter ! default ; // types (remove or comment out what you don’t need) $hamburger-types : ( 3dx , 3dx-r , 3dy , 3dy-r , 3dxy , 3dxy-r , arrow , arrow-r , arrowalt , arrowalt-r , arrowturn , arrowturn-r , boring , collapse , collapse-r , elastic , elastic-r , emphatic , emphatic-r , minus , slider , slider-r , spring , spring-r , stand , stand-r , spin , spin-r , squeeze , vortex , vortex-r ) ! default ;
ems or rems
wanna work with ems or rems instead of px ? just change all the px values to the unit of your choice. note: be consistent (all px or all ems ), otherwise it may break—the math behind the customization will fail if it attempts to perform operations with values of different units.
not satisfied?
dig into _base.scss or types/ and customize to your heart’s content. fair warning: it‘s pretty delicate and may break, especially if you tweak the animations themselves.
accessibility
hamburger menu icons can be useful in the right context, but they’re not the most accessible.
aria will help make it accessible to people with disabilities.
<button class= "hamburger hamburger--elastic" type= "button" aria-label= "menu" aria-controls= "navigation" > <span class= "hamburger-box" > <span class= "hamburger-inner" ></span> </span> </button> <nav id= "navigation" > <!--navigation goes here--> </nav>
if you insist on using <div> s, by default they’re not focusable (i.e. via keyboard or assistive technology). add the tabindex attribute alongside aria.
<div class= "hamburger hamburger--elastic" tabindex= "0" aria-label= "menu" role= "button" aria-controls= "navigation" > <div class= "hamburger-box" > <div class= "hamburger-inner" ></div> </div> </div> <nav id= "navigation" > <!--navigation goes here--> </nav>
a label can help make it more obvious that it toggles a menu.
menu
here are some resources on web accessibility and aria.
browser support
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ɛks ɛks lup lup lup lup aɪ wɑz ˈrisəntli ˈlʊkɪŋ æt səm əv pɔl ˈteɪlərz ˈraɪtɪŋz ɔn wət hi kɔlz ˈæbˌstrækt stoʊn duˈæləti ɪts ˈpɑrtli əˈnəðər əˈproʊʧ tɪ 'topologising*' kəmˈpjutər saɪəns, ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli əv wərk. əm nɑt jɛt ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən tɪ seɪ məʧ əˈbaʊt wət hi dɪz, ɪkˈsɛpt ðət ɪt gɪvz ə nit nu ˈlæŋgwɪʤ tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt kənˈtɪnjuəs ˈfəŋkʃənz wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ bɪld θɪŋz əp frəm sɛt ˈθɪri. bət ʤɪst fər fən aɪ wɔnt tɪ lʊk, aʊt əv ˈkɑntɛkst, æt wən ˈtini ˈwini ˈlɪtəl θɪŋ ðət hi ˈmɛnʃənz, ðə speɪs. ɪf juv nɑt mɛt ˈʤɛnərəl təˈpɔləʤi ˌbiˈfɔr, ɪt kən bi ə təf ˈtɑpɪk tɪ græsp. soʊ wət aɪ wɔnt tɪ du ɪz lʊk ɪn ˈditeɪl æt haʊ wi maɪt θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ə ˈrɪli ˈsɪmpəl ˈsimɪŋ ˈprɑbləm frəm ə təpəˈlɑʤɪkəl dɪˈfaɪnz ə taɪp kɔld ðɛr ɪz wən ˈvælju əv taɪp kənfˈjuzɪŋli kɔld moʊst əv ðɪs poʊst ɪz əˈbaʊt ˈfəŋkʃənz əv ðə taɪp jʊd ˌɪˈmæʤən ðɛr ˈkʊdənt bi məʧ tɪ seɪ. bət ðɪs ˈtɑpɪk ɪz məʧ mɔr ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ðən səm ˈpipəl maɪt ˈmɛni ˈfəŋkʃənz əv taɪp ər prəˈsidɪŋ, ðə ˈkɛrɪktər ʃʊd lʊk laɪk əˈpɑləˌʤiz ɪf jʊr meɪks ɪt lʊks laɪk ˈsəmθɪŋ stɑrt wɪθ ðə ˈɑbviəs ˈfəŋkʃən əv ðɪs simz laɪk ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpɑsəbəl ˈfəŋkʃən. ðə ˈɑrgjəmənt kən ˈoʊnli bi ənd ðə rɪˈzəlt kən ˈoʊnli bi wət ˈəðər ˈʧɔɪsɪz kʊd wi hɪrz əˈnəðər ˈsərtənli lʊks ˈdɪfərənt, bət ɪt stɪl ʤɪst mæps tɪ soʊ ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət ənd ər ðə seɪm. bət ðɛr ɪz ə weɪ tɪ tɛl ðɛm əˈpɑrt. meɪk ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ tɪ ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt lup sɛndz ˈhæskəl ˈɪntu ən ˈɪnfənət lup. ˈiðər jul gɪt ən ˈɛrər ˈmɛsɪʤ, ər jʊr kəmˈpjutər wɪl lup fərˈɛvər, ˈnɛvər ˈgɪvɪŋ ə rɪˈzəlt. ˈsɪmələrli, ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪŋ lup wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ feɪl tɪ ˈtərməˌneɪt wɪθ ə ˈsɛnsəbəl rɪˈzəlt. bət lup ˈtərmɪˌneɪts faɪn ənd rɪˈtərnz bɪˈkəz ˈhæskəl ɪz ə ˈleɪzi ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ˈdəzənt nid tɪ ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ɪts ˈɑrgjəmənt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪts rɪˈzəlt. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, rɪˈtərnz ɪts ˈɑrgjəmənt, soʊ ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə rɪˈzəlt ˈkɔzɪz non-termination*. soʊ əˈmeɪzɪŋli, ənd ər ˈdɪfərənt. wi hæv æt list tu dɪˈstɪŋkt ˈfəŋkʃənz əv taɪp ər ðɛr ˈɛni kən trit ə ˈfəŋkʃən ɛz ɪf ɪt rɪˈtərnz ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈvælju kɔld (prəˈnaʊnst ˈbɑtəm). soʊ wi kən ðə əˈbəv ɪn ə kaɪnd əv truθ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli səˈʤɛsts tu mɔr ˈfəŋkʃənz, ənd wɪʧ ər ˈɔlsoʊ ɪt naʊ lʊks laɪk ðɛr ər fɔr ˈfəŋkʃənz əv taɪp hɪrz ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ɪz ˈsɪmpli ə ˈfəŋkʃən ðət dɪˈlɪbərətli ˌɪtˈsɛlf. bət ɪz ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ wən. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ hæv məst ˌɪgˈnɔr ɪts ˈɑrgjəmənt soʊ ðət ɪt ˈdəzənt gɪt kɔt ɪn ə kˈwægˌmaɪər əv non-termination*. bət ɪf ɪt ˌɪgˈnɔrz ɪts ˈɑrgjəmənt, ðɛn ɪt həz tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr ɪts ˈɑrgjəmənt wɪn ɪz ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtəd. soʊ məst ˈɔlsoʊ ˈikwəl ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ˈkænɑt bi ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd. wi hæv ˈoʊnli θri ˈfəŋkʃənz əv taɪp ().soʊ haʊ kən wi ðiz ˈfəŋkʃənz ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəli? ˈhæskəl ˈfəŋkʃənz doʊnt ˌkɔrəˈspɑnd tɪ ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl ˈfəŋkʃənz frəm ðə sɛt tɪ ɪf wi θɪŋk əv ɛz ə sɛt wɪθ tu ˈɛləmənts, ðɛn ˈhæskəl ˈfəŋkʃənz stɪl doʊnt ˌkɔrəˈspɑnd tɪ ˈfəŋkʃənz frəm ðɪs sɛt tɪ gɪv ðə sɛt ə neɪm, ɛs. wən əˈproʊʧ tɪ ˈhæskəl ˈfəŋkʃənz ɪz tɪ ˌɪmˈpoʊz ən ˈɔrdərɪŋ ɔn ɛs. hɪrz ju kən si waɪ ɪz kɔld "ˈbɑtəm". ɪf ju θɪŋk əv ɛz ə ˈræŋkɪŋ, ɪz æt ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə hip.) ə ˈmɑnəˌtoʊn ˈfəŋkʃən ɪz dɪˈfaɪnd tɪ bi ə ˈfəŋkʃən ɛf səʧ ðət ɪf ðɛn f(x)<=f(y*). ɪf wi plɑt ə 'græf' əv ɛf wɪθ ənd əˈlɔŋ ðə ˈækˌsɪz, ˈmɑnəˌtoʊn ˈfəŋkʃənz ər ðə wənz ðət doʊnt dɪˈsɛnd ɛz ju goʊ frəm lɛft tɪ raɪt: ðə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈhæskəl ˈfəŋkʃənz ˌkɔrəˈspɑnd prɪˈsaɪsli tɪ ðə ˈmɑnəˌtoʊn ˈfəŋkʃənz. (ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃənz wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli kɔl ðiz ˈfəŋkʃənz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ bət ðə kəmˈpjutər saɪəns ˈlɪtərəʧər aɪ hæv ʤɪst simz tɪ kɔl ðɛm ˈjusfəl ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən ɪz ðə ˈnoʊʃən əv ə strɪkt ˈfəŋkʃən. ðɪs ɪz wən ðət mæps tɪ ənd soʊ goʊz θru ðə 'ˈɔrəʤən' ɔn ðə græf əˈbəv. ɪn ə strɪkt ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ju kænt ˈɪmpləmənt ˈmeɪbi ju kən θɪŋk əv əˈnəðər ˈpɑsəbəl ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən əv ə ˈfəŋkʃən əv taɪp ():wɪn ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ˈfʊli ˈleɪzi ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən ðɪs ɪz ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃəbəl frəm soʊ wi kən ˌɪgˈnɔr ɪt. bət ɪn ə strɪkt ˈlæŋgwɪʤ wi kən dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ ənd ɪn ˈhæskəl, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wi kən juz ðə ˈfəŋkʃən tɪ fɔrs ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən əv ɪts fərst ˈɑrgjəmənt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɔntu ɪts ˈsɛkənd. `seq*` ənd `seq*` ər dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃəbəl bɪˈkəz ðə fərst ɪˈvæljuˌeɪts tɪ bət ðə ˈsɛkənd gɪvz ðə ˈænsər tɪ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl kˈwɛʃən ɪz (aɪ 1 ɪn ə ˈtoʊtəl ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ər "ɪn 3 ɪn ə ˈleɪzi ˈlæŋgwɪʤ laɪk ˈhæskəl wɪn ˈwərkɪŋ kəmˈplitli 4 ɪn ˈhæskəl wɪn ˈjuzɪŋ tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs 3 ɪn ə strɪkt ˈlæŋgwɪʤ laɪk θɪŋk aɪd hæv ɪgˈzɔstɪd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðət ðɛr ɪz tɪ seɪ baɪ naʊ. bət ðɛrz ə hoʊl lɔt mɔr. bət ˌbiˈfɔr aɪ gɪt tɪ ɪt aɪ nid tɪ tɔk ə bɪt əˈbaʊt təˈpɔləʤi ɪn maɪ nɛkst əm kəmˈplitli ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ ðə ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl ˈɪʃu əv wət minz wɪn ju kænt tɛl ðə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ən ˈænsər əv ənd ə sloʊ kəmˈpjutər ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈlɔŋgər ðən ju ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ kəmˈpjut ().ˈəpˌdeɪt: ðɪs ˈprɑbləm wɑz ˈtrɪkiər ðən aɪ ərˈɪʤənəli ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd. ðə əˈbəv tɛkst ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪts ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈʧeɪnʤɪz beɪst ɔn ˈkɑmɛnts aɪ rɪˈsivd.
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> f1 x = x
> f2 _ = ()
> loop = loop
f3 _ = loop
> f5 = loop :: () -> ()
i was recently looking at some of paul taylor's writings on what he calls abstract stone duality . it's partly another approach to 'topologising' computer science, independently of escardo's work. i'm not yet in a position to say much about what he does, except that it gives a neat new language to talk about computable continuous functions without having to build things up from set theory. but just for fun i want to look, out of context, at one teeny weeny little thing that he mentions, the sierpinski space. if you've not met general topology before, it can be a tough topic to grasp. so what i want to do is look in detail at how we might think about a really simple seeming problem from a topological perspective.haskell defines a type called (). there is one value of type (), confusingly called (). most of this post is about functions of the type () -> (). you'd imagine there couldn't be much to say. but this topic is much more complicated than some people might imagine.how many functions of type () -> () are there?(before proceeding, the character ⊥ should look like _|_. apologies if your font/browser makes it looks like something else.)let's start with the obvious function of this type.it seems like this is the only possible function. the argument can only be () and the result can only be (). what other choices could we make?well here's another implementation:it certainly looks different, but it still just maps () to (). so it appears that f1 and f2 are the same. but there is a way to tell them apart. make the following definition:attempting to evaluate loop sends haskell into an infinite loop. either you'll get an error message, or your computer will loop forever, never giving a result. similarly, evaluating f1 loop will also fail to terminate with a sensible result. but f2 loop terminates fine and returns (). because haskell is a lazy language, f2 doesn't need to evaluate its argument before giving its result. f1, on the other hand, returns its argument, so looking at the result causes non-termination. so amazingly, f1 and f2 are different. we have at least two distinct functions of type () -> (). are there any more?we can treat a non-terminating function as if it returns a special value called ⊥ (pronounced bottom). so we can summarise the above in a kind of truth table:that immediately suggests two more functions, f3 and f4, which are also illustrated.so it now looks like there are four functions of type () -> (). here's a possible implementation of f3:f3 is simply a function that deliberately sabotages itself. but f4 is the interesting one. in order to have f4 ⊥ = (), f4 must ignore its argument so that it doesn't get caught in a quagmire of non-termination. but if it ignores its argument, then it has to ignore its argument when f4 () is evaluated. so f4 () must also equal (). in other words, f4 cannot be implemented. we have only three functions of type () -> ().so how can we characterise these functions mathematically? haskell functions don't correspond to mathematical functions from the set {()} to {()}. if we think of () as a set with two elements, {(),⊥}, then haskell functions still don't correspond to functions from this set to itself.let's give the set {⊥,()} a name, s. one approach to formalising haskell functions is to impose an ordering on s. here's one:⊥<=⊥⊥<=()()<=()(now you can see why ⊥ is called "bottom". if you think of <= as a ranking, ⊥ is at the bottom of the heap.) a monotone function is defined to be a function f such that if x<=y then f(x)<=f(y). if we plot a 'graph' of f with ⊥ and () along the axes, monotone functions are the ones that don't descend as you go from left to right: the possible haskell functions correspond precisely to the monotone functions. (mathematicians would probably call these functions monotonically increasing but the computer science literature i have just seems to call them monotone).another useful definition is the notion of a strict function. this is one that maps ⊥ to ⊥ and so goes through the 'origin' on the graph above. in a strict language you can't implement f2.but maybe you can think of another possible implementation of a function of type () -> ():when working with fully lazy evaluation this is indistinguishable from f3 so we can ignore it. but in a strict language we can distinguish f3 and f5. in haskell, for example, we can use the function seq to force evaluation of its first argument before moving onto its second. f3 `seq` () and f5 `seq` () are distinguishable because the first evaluates to () but the second gives ⊥.so the answer to the original question is (i think):* 1 in a total language or "in mathematics"* 3 in a lazy language like haskell when working completely lazily* 4 in haskell when using seq to enforce strictness* 3 in a strict language like ocamlyou'd think i'd have exhausted everything that there is to say by now. but there's a whole lot more. but before i get to it i need to talk a bit about topology in my next post.and i'm completely ignoring the philosophical issue of what ⊥ means when you can't tell the difference between an answer of ⊥ and a slow computer taking longer than you expect to compute ().update: this problem was trickier than i originally anticipated. the above text incorporates a couple of changes based on comments i received.
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ˌɪnˈtɛns ɛr straɪks hæv hɪt ˈsɛvərəl ˈɛriəz ɪn fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn mɔr ðən tu wiks, ˈsɪgnəlɪŋ ðə stɑrt əv ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɛnsɪv ɪn ˈsɪriəz ˈnɔrðərn ˈsɪti. ðə fərˈoʊʃəs bɑmˈbɑrdmənt əv ˈistərn ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ keɪm ɛz ˈrəʃən ɑrmd ˈfɔrsɪz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈnaʊnst ðə lɔnʧ əv ə ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən əˈgɛnst ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈtɑrgəts ɪn ˈsɪriə. ˈsɪriən steɪt ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən sɛd ˈgəvərnmənt ʤɛts ˈkɛrid aʊt əˈtæks əˈgɛnst wət ɪt kɔld "ˈtɛrərɪst ˈstrɔŋˌhoʊldz" ənd səˈplaɪ ˈdipoʊz ɪn ðə oʊld ˈsɪti əv, ˈsaɪtɪŋ wət ɪt dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz "ˈspɛʃəl ˈsɔrsəz". ðə ɛr straɪks kɪld æt list 10 ˈpipəl ɪn ˈsɪti, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsɪriən əbˈzərvəˌtɔri fər ˈjumən raɪts ənd ˈəðər grups. ðə ˈloʊkəl koʊˌɔrdəˈneɪʃən kəˈmɪtiz, ən ˈæktɪvɪst grup, sɛd dɛθ toʊl wɑz æt list fɔr. "ɪn ðə læst fju aʊərz æt list naɪn ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈsɪti əv hæv kəm ˈəndər ˌɪnˈtɛns bɑmˈbɑrdmənt," sɛd æl oʊˈsɑmə bɪn, rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ frəm gaziantep*, ɔn ðə ˈtərkɪʃ saɪd əv ðə ˈbɔrdər. "ˈrɛzɪdənts frəm ˌɪnˈsaɪd tɛl ˈjuˈɛs ðət ðɛr ɪz keɪɑs ənd ˈmeɪˌhɛm ɪn ðə strits wɛr ðɛr ər strits stɪl rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ. ˈmɛni pɑrts əv hæv bɪn kət ɔf frəm ˈəðər ˈɛriəz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wər ˈtɑrgətɪd ɪn ˈərliər ɛr straɪks ənd roʊdz wər ˈteɪkən. ˈmɛdɪks seɪ ðeɪ ər traɪɪŋ tɪ riʧ ðoʊz ˈɛriəz, bət ðeɪ ər stɪl stək ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðɛr hoʊmz bɪˈkəz ˈɛnəmi ˈɛrˌkræft ər stɪl ɪn ðə ɛr," sɛd. "ɪn ðə ˈnɔrðərn pɑrt əv, ɛr straɪks hæv bɪn ðə moʊst ˌɪnˈtɛns ənd ˈæktɪvɪsts ðɛr tɛl ˈjuˈɛs ðət ðɪs ɪz wɛr ðeɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ðət ə graʊnd ˌɪnˈkərʒən wɪl əˈkər." həz bɪˈkəm ðə ˈfɪrsəst frənt ɪn ˈsɪriəz wɔr, ˈpɪtɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt bəˈʃɑr al-assad*, səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ˈrəʃə, ˌɪˈrɑn ənd ˈʃiə mɪˈlɪʃəz, əˈgɛnst ˈsuni ˈrɛbəlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ grups bækt baɪ ˈtərki, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd gəlf ˈmɑnɑrkiz. rɛd mɔr: ɪn ist, 'ðɛr ɪz noʊ weɪ aʊt' "ɪts ɔl ɛr straɪks ənd ˈpɛrəˌʃut bɑmz. təˈdeɪ, ðə ˈbɑmɪŋ ɪz ˈvaɪələnt ðɛr ˈhæzənt bɪn ðɪs kaɪnd əv əˈtæk ɪn mɔr ðən 15 deɪz," sɛd ˌɪbrɑˈhim ˈæbu al-laith*, ən ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə ˈsɪriən ˈsɪvəl dɪˈfɛns grup, ˈædɪŋ ðət ˈfaɪtər ʤɛts ənd ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz wər stɪl ˈvɪzəbəl ɪn ðə skaɪ. ðə ˈsɪriən ˈsɪvəl dɪˈfɛns, ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ðə waɪt ˈhɛlməts, ɪz ə fərst rɪˈspɑndər grup ðət ˈɑpərˌeɪts ɪn ˈɛriəz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri. ˈɔlsoʊ ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈsɛrˌgeɪ, ˈrəʃəz dɪˈfɛns ˈmɪnɪstər, sɛd ˈfaɪtər ʤɛts frəm ðə ˈædmərəl ˈɛrˌkræft ˈkɛriər dɪˈplɔɪd ɪn ðə ˈistərn ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən hæd lɔnʧt ðɛr fərst straɪks ɔn ˈsɪriə. "fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn ɑr ˈneɪvəl ˈhɪstəri, ðə ˈɛrˌkræft ˈkɛriər ˈædmərəl ˈstɑrtɪd ˈteɪkɪŋ pɑrt ɪn ˈkɑmbæt," sɛd. "təˈdeɪ frəm ðɪs ˈkɛriər, ɑr bɪˈgæn ðɛr ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz." hi sɛd ˈrəʃən ʤɛts wʊd ˈtərgət ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən ˈdipoʊz, ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmps ənd ˈɑrməmənts ˈfæktəriz ɪn ðə ˈprɑvɪns əv ənd ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈprɑvɪns əv hɑmz. "wi lɔnʧt ə ˈmeɪʤər ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən tɪ straɪk ðə pəˈzɪʃənz əv ðə ənd ɪn ðə ˈprɑvənsəz əv ənd hɑmz," hi sɛd, rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ðə ɑrmd grup ˈpriviəsli noʊn ɛz ðə frənt. ɪn ðə ˌnɔrθˈwɛstərn ˈprɑvɪns əv, ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə grup, noʊn ɛz abu-dardaa-al-shami*, toʊld ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs nuz ˈeɪʤənsi ˈoʊvər ðə foʊn ðət ðə ɛr straɪks wər "məʧ, məʧ, məʧ mɔr ˌɪnˈtɛns ðən ˈpriviəs wənz". hi sɛd ðət ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ðə ɛr reɪdz, bəˈlɪstɪk ˈmɪsəlz hɪt ðə ˈprɑvɪns nɪr ðə taʊn əv saraqeb*. ðə əbˈzərvəˌtɔri, ə grup ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə wɔr, sɛd ˈmɪsəlz faɪərd frəm ˈrəʃən ˈwɔrˌʃɪps ɪn ðə ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən strək ˈɛriəz ɪn ˈprɑvɪns ənd ɔn ðə ˈistərn ɛʤ əv ˈnɪrˈbaɪ. ˈsɪriən ˈæktɪvɪsts ˈɔlsoʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd straɪks ɪn, hɑmz ənd. ˈrəʃən ˈsteɪtmənt ˈleɪtər ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ðə ˈrəʃən ˈɪntərˌfæks nuz ˈeɪʤənsi ˈsaɪtɪd ˈrəʃəz dɪˈfɛns ˈmɪnɪstri ɛz seɪɪŋ ðət ˈtuzˌdeɪz ˈmɪsəl straɪks dɪd nɑt hɪt. ðə ˈmɪnɪstri sɛd ðət ˈrəʃən ənd ˈsɪriən ʤɛts hæv nɑt bɑmd ðə ˈsɪti ɪn ðə læst 28 deɪz. "pleɪnz wər lɔnʧt frəm ðə ˈædmərəl ˈɛrˌkræft ˈkɛriər ənd ˈɔlsoʊ kruz ˈmɪsəlz wər lɔnʧt frəm ə ˈfrɪgət, wɪʧ strək ˈtɑrgəts ɪn ənd hɑmz ˈprɑvɪns," sɛd æl ˈrɔri challands*, rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ frəm ˈmɔˌskaʊ. "wət wi ər nɑt ˈhirɪŋ æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt frəm ðə ˈrəʃənz ɪz ˈɛni ˈmɛnʃən əv, ˈoʊnli æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt straɪks əˈgɛnst ənd hɑmz ˈprɑvɪns." ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ truˈdoʊ, ˈjuˈɛs steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈspoʊkspərsən, sɛd ðə rɪˈnud ˈbɑmɪŋ ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdəd wɪθ ˈməltiˌpɑrti tɔks ɪn ʤəˈnivə bɪtˈwin ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈrəʃə ənd ˈəðər ˈkəntriz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ əˈʧiv ə ˈsisˈfaɪər ɪn ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt ənd ə təˈwɔrdz ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈsɛtəlmənt. "wi ˈstrɔŋli kənˈdɛm ðə rɪˈzəmʃən əv ɛr straɪks ɪn ˈsɪriə baɪ ðə ˈrəʃənz ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈsɪriən rəˈʒim," truˈdoʊ toʊld rɪˈpɔrtərz. "ðə moʊst ˈrisənt ˌriˈpɔrtəd əˈtæks wər ɔn faɪv ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz ənd wən ˈmoʊbəl ˈklɪnɪk ɪn ˈsɪriə. wi bɪˈliv ɪts ə vaɪəˈleɪʃən əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl lɔ." truˈdoʊ sɛd ˈrəʃə hæd əˈlaʊd noʊ fud ər ˈəðər eɪd ˈɪntu ist ˈdʊrɪŋ ɪts səˈspɛnʃən əv ˈbɑmɪŋ. "ɪt lɛt ˈistərn ˈrɛzɪdənts stɑrv waɪl ˈsikɪŋ preɪz frəm ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kəmˈjunɪti fər ˈhɔltɪŋ ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmənət straɪks fər θri wiks," ʃi sɛd. ˈwɛstərn ˈkəntriz ənd ˈjumən raɪts ˈæktɪvɪsts hæv əˈkjuzd ðə ɛr ˈfɔrsɪz əv ðə dəˈmæskəs ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ɪts ˈrəʃən ˈælaɪ əv rɪˈpitɪdli ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz, brɛd laɪnz ənd ˈəðər səˈvɪljən ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ɪn ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri kənˈtroʊld baɪ ðə ˈrɛbəlz. ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɛnsɪv boʊθ ˈrəʃə ənd ˈsɪriə hæv dɪˈnaɪd duɪŋ soʊ, ənd seɪ ðɛr ɛr kæmˈpeɪn ɪz dɪˈrɛktɪd əˈgɛnst ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈtɑrgəts bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ˈfaɪtərz, hu ðeɪ dɪˈskraɪb ɛz "ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts". həz fər jɪrz bɪn dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntu ˈwɛstərn ənd ˈistərn ˈsɛktərz, bət ðə ˈsɪriən ˈɑrmi ənd ɪts ˈælaɪz ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ˈaɪsəˌleɪt ənd bɪˈsiʤ ðə ˈdɪstrɪkts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsəmər. ɪts ˈælaɪz ˌɪnˈklud ˌɪˈrænz ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri gɑrdz, ˈlɛbənənz ˌhɛzbɑˈlə ənd ˌɪˈræki ˈʃiə mɪˈlɪʃəz. ə ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɛnsɪv tɪ ˈriˈteɪk ˈistərn ˈdɪstrɪkts reɪʤd frəm leɪt sɛpˈtɛmbər tɪ leɪt ɑkˈtoʊbər, bækt baɪ ən ˌɪnˈtɛns ˈɛriəl bɑmˈbɑrdmənt ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛn sɛd kɪld ˈhənərdz ənd dru ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən frəm ˈwɛstərn ˈkəntriz ənd raɪts grups. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈæftər ˈsɪriə ənd ˈrəʃə əˈnaʊnst ðɛr pɔz ɪn straɪks læst mənθ ə muv ðeɪ sɛd wɑz tɪ lɛt ðoʊz hu wɪʃt tɪ kwɪt bɪˈsiʤd ˈɛriəz ˈrɛbəlz lɔnʧt ðɛr oʊn əˈsɔlt ðət kɪld ˈdəzənz əv səˈvɪljənz ɪn wɛst, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛn.
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intense air strikes have hit several rebel-held areas in aleppo for the first time in more than two weeks, signalling the start of a major government offensive in syria's northern city.
the ferocious bombardment of eastern aleppo on tuesday came as russian armed forces also announced the launch of a large-scale operation against opposition targets in syria.
syrian state television said government jets carried out attacks against what it called "terrorist strongholds" and supply depots in the old city of aleppo, citing what it described as "special sources".
the air strikes killed at least 10 people in aleppo city, according to the syrian observatory for human rights and other groups.
the local coordination committees, an activist group, said death toll was at least four.
"in the last few hours at least nine neighbourhoods inside the city of aleppo have come under intense bombardment," said al jazeera's osama bin javaid, reporting from gaziantep, on the turkish side of the syria-turkey border.
"residents from inside aleppo tell us that there is chaos and mayhem in the streets - where there are streets still remaining.
many parts of aleppo have been cut off from other areas because they were targeted in earlier air strikes and roads were taken.
medics say they are trying to reach those areas, but they are still stuck inside their homes because enemy aircraft are still in the air," javaid said.
"in the northern part of aleppo, air strikes have been the most intense and activists there tell us that this is where they expect that a ground incursion will occur."
aleppo has become the fiercest front in syria's five-and-a-half-year war, pitting president bashar al-assad, supported by russia, iran and shia militias, against sunni rebels, including groups backed by turkey, the united states and gulf monarchies.
read more: in east aleppo, 'there is no way out'
"it's all air strikes and parachute bombs. today, the bombing is violent ... there hasn't been this kind of attack in more than 15 days," said ibrahim abu al-laith, an aleppo-based spokesman for the syrian civil defence group, adding that fighter jets and helicopters were still visible in the sky.
the syrian civil defence, also known as the white helmets, is a first responder group that operates in rebel-held areas across the country.
also on tuesday, sergei shoigu, russia's defence minister, said fighter jets from the admiral kuznetsov aircraft carrier deployed in the eastern mediterranean had launched their first strikes on syria.
"for the first time in our naval history, the aircraft carrier admiral kuznetsov started taking part in combat," shoigu said.
"today from this carrier, our sukhoi-33 began their operations."
he said russian jets would target ammunition depots, training camps and armaments factories in the rebel-held province of idlib and the central province of homs.
"we launched a major operation to strike the positions of the isil and jabhat al-nusra in the provinces of idlib and homs," he said, referring to the armed group previously known as the al-nusra front.
in the northwestern province of idlib, a member of the jund al-aqsa group, known as abu-dardaa-al-shami, told the associated press news agency over the phone that the air strikes were "much, much, much more intense than previous ones".
he said that in addition to the air raids, ballistic missiles hit the province near the town of saraqeb.
the observatory, a uk-based group monitoring the war, said missiles fired from russian warships in the mediterranean struck areas in aleppo province and on the eastern edge of nearby idlib. syrian activists also reported strikes in idlib, homs and aleppo.
russian statement
later on tuesday, the russian interfax news agency cited russia's defence ministry as saying that tuesday's missile strikes did not hit aleppo.
the ministry said that russian and syrian jets have not bombed the city in the last 28 days.
"planes were launched from the admiral kuznetsov aircraft carrier and also cruise missiles were launched from a frigate, which struck targets in idlib and homs province," said al jazeera's rory challands, reporting from moscow.
"what we are not hearing at the moment from the russians is any mention of aleppo, only at the moment ... strikes against idlib and homs province."
elizabeth trudeau, us state department spokesperson, said the renewed bombing coincided with multiparty talks in geneva between the united states, russia and other countries seeking to achieve a ceasefire in the conflict and a roadmap towards a political settlement.
"we strongly condemn the resumption of air strikes in syria by the russians as well as the syrian regime," trudeau told reporters. "the most recent reported attacks were on five hospitals and one mobile clinic in syria. we believe it's a violation of international law."
trudeau said russia had allowed no food or other aid into east aleppo during its suspension of bombing.
"it let eastern aleppo residents starve while seeking praise from the international community for halting indiscriminate strikes for three weeks," she said.
western countries and human rights activists have accused the air forces of the damascus government and its russian ally of repeatedly targeting hospitals, bread lines and other civilian infrastructure in territory controlled by the rebels.
government offensive
both russia and syria have denied doing so, and say their air campaign is directed against military targets belonging to the opposition fighters, who they describe as "terrorists".
aleppo has for years been divided into government-held western and rebel-held eastern sectors, but the syrian army and its allies managed to isolate and besiege the rebel-held districts during the summer.
its allies include iran's revolutionary guards, lebanon's hezbollah and iraqi shia militias.
a government offensive to retake eastern districts raged from late september to late october, backed by an intense aerial bombardment that the un said killed hundreds and drew condemnation from western countries and rights groups.
however, after syria and russia announced their pause in strikes last month - a move they said was to let those who wished to quit besieged areas - rebels launched their own assault that killed dozens of civilians in west aleppo, according to the un.
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baɪ ˈdeɪvɪd frəm fɪlm kˈwɔrtərli spərɪŋ 2006 ˈvɑljum 59 noʊ. 3 ˈmoʊʃən ˈpɪkʧərz pleɪ ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt roʊl ɪn dɪˈtərmənɪŋ haʊ ˈpipəl əraʊnd ðə wərld pərˈsiv ðɛr oʊn ənd ˈəðər səˈsaɪɪtiz. ˈgəvərnmənts hæv ˈðɛrˌfɔr bɪn ˈsɛnsɪtɪv tɪ ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk pɔrˈtreɪəlz əv ðɛr ˈkəntriz ənd ər kwɪk tɪ kəmˈpleɪn wɪn ðeɪ fil ðət ə ˈmuvi trits ðɛr ˈsɪtɪzənz ˈpurli. ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðɪs əˈkərd ɪn 2002 wɪn ˈætəm riˈlist ˈærəˌrɑt, ə ˈfɪkʃənəl dɪˈpɪkʃən əv ˈɛfərts tɪ meɪk ə ˈmuvi əˈbaʊt ðə 1914 ˈmæsəkər əv ɑrˈminiənz ɪn ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈsɪti əv væn. ˌsəpləˌmɛntɪd ðɪs ˈstrəkʧər wɪθ ˈsəbplɑts ðət kənˈsɪdərd ðə ˈifɛkts ɔn fˈjuʧər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz ənd ˈpɑndərd ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈhɪstəri ənd ˈmɛməri. ɪt wɑz ðə fərst ˈmeɪʤər ˈpɪkʧər tɪ ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd əv ˈmɪljən ɑrˈminiənz ˈdʊrɪŋ wərld wɔr ˈtərki hæd lɔŋ ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd kæmˈpeɪn tɪ ɪˈrædəˌkeɪt ɑrˈminiənz ənd ˈstrɔŋli əˈpoʊzd səˈʤɛsʧənz tɪ ðə ˈkɑntrɛri. ˈærəˌrɑt təʧt nu raʊnd əv ˈæŋgri dɪˈnaɪəlz ənd ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv heɪt mon-gering*. rɪˈsivd ə fləd əv ˈhɑstəl iˈmeɪlz ənd dɪˈtræktərz sɛt əp wɛb saɪts ðət dɪˈspjutɪd hɪz ˈtruθfəlnəs. tərks ɪn ˈkænədə ənd ˈɛlsˌwɛr θˈrɛtənd tɪ ˈbɔɪˌkɑt ɔl fɪlmz frəm ðə dɪˈstrɪbjətər, ˈmɪrəˌmæks, ənd ɪts ˈpɛrənt ˈkəmpəˌni, ˈdɪzni. ðɛr wər ˈrumərz ðət ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt wʊd teɪk ˈligəl ˈækʃən tɪ bɑr ðə ˈpɪkʧər ˈwərldˈwaɪd. steɪt ˈmɪnɪstər toʊld ðə ˈæŋkərə ˈdeɪli nuz ðət wɪl du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈpɑsəbəl əˈgɛnst ðɪs fɪlm. ɪt ɪz ə ˈʃeɪmfəl ˈmɛni wər ˌəndərˈstændəbli səˈpraɪzd wɪn, ˈæftər əˈtɛndɪŋ prɛˈmɪr æt ðə kænz fɪlm ˈfɛstɪvəl, ən ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzər əv ðə ˌɪstɑnˈbul fɪlm ˈfɛstɪvəl əˈnaʊnst ðət hi wʊd pʊʃ tɪ skrin ðə ˈmuvi ɪn hɪz ˈhoʊmˌlænd. ˈkəlʧər ənd ˈtʊˌrɪzəm ˈmɪnɪstər, mumcu*, əˈgrid ðət hɪz ˈkəntri kʊd ˈtɑlərˌeɪt səʧ things”*” ənd ˈɑrgjud ðət ə riˈækʃən tɪ ðɪs ˈmuvi wʊd ˈoʊnli hɛlp kip ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt ɔn ðə agenda.”*.” hi dɪˈmændɪd ˈoʊnli ðət ə sin əv ˈɑtəmən ˈsoʊlʤərz ˈreɪpɪŋ ɑrˈminiən ˈwɪmən bi kət, ɛz ɪt ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd lɔ fərˈbɪdɪŋ dɪˈpɪkʃənz əv ˈsoʊlʤərz ɪn ˈjunəˌfɔrm kəˈmɪtɪŋ wɔr nu ˈtɑlərəns stɛmd frəm ðə ˈrisənt ɪˈlɛkʃən əv ə ˈmɑdərˌeɪt ˈgəvərnmənt ðət wɑz ˈigər tɪ ˈboʊlstər ðə bɪd tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈjunjən baɪ əˈlaʊɪŋ mɔr ˈfridəm əv ɪkˈsprɛʃən. ʤɪst deɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈærəˌrɑt wɑz ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ ˈoʊpən ɪn ˈæŋkərə ənd ˌɪstɑnˈbul, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈtərkɪʃ dɪˈstrɪbjətər jæŋkt ɪt ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˈprɛʃər frəm ocaklari*, ə ˈnæʃənəlɪst ˈpɑrti wɪθ taɪz tɪ ˌpɛrəˈmɪləˌtɛri grups. ðə ɪkˈstriməsts hæd wɔrnd ˈpipəl ˈplænɪŋ tɪ əˈtɛnd ðə ˈmuvi ðət wɔnts tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə ˈjunɪti əv ðɪs ˈneɪʃən ənd ðə wɪl əv ɑr ɪgˈzɪstəns ʃʊd bi ˈrɛdi tɪ peɪ ðə price.”*.” ərˈis balbikian*, ə ˈspoʊksmən fər canadian-armenians*, sɔ dip pəˈlɪtɪkəl, ˈsoʊʃəl, ənd ˈkəlʧərəl ˈminɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ˈbætəl. ɪz ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ɪts soul,”*,” hi ɪkˈspleɪnd. ər səm ˈɛləmənts hu laɪk ˈhæpənɪŋ ɪn ˈtərki: ðə dɪˈmɑkrəˌtaɪzɪŋ əv ˈjumən raɪts, ˈfridəm əv spiʧ ənd ˈfridəm əv ðə prɛs. ðeɪ wɔnt ðə ˈhɛlθi dɪˈskəʃən ənd ˈdaɪəˌlɔg ə fɪlm laɪk ˈærəˌrɑt wʊd ˈhɪstəri həz ə ˈfəni weɪ əv rɪˈpitɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ˌɔlˈðoʊ noʊ wən simd tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ɪt, ðɪs wɑz nɑt ðə fərst taɪm ə ˈsɛləˌlɔɪd ˈvərʒən əv ðə əˈlɛʤd ɑrˈminiən ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd hæd əraʊzd ˌnæʃənəˈlɪstɪk ˈfilɪŋz, ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl dəˈbeɪt, ənd dɪˈskəʃənz əv roʊl ɪn ðə wərld əv ˌrilˌpɔlɪˈtɪk. ˈɔlˌmoʊst 70 jɪrz ˈərliər, tɔk əv ə ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk rɛnˈdɪʃən əv frænz ˈnɑvəl ðə ˈfɔrti deɪz əv mˈjusə (daɪ dɪ mˈjusə, 1933 hæd təʧt ɔf ə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi ˈivɪn mɔr ˌɪnˈtɛns, ˈpæʃənət, ənd ˈdeɪnʤərəs ðən ðət ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ˈærəˌrɑt. ˈmeɪʤər əˈmɛrɪkən ˈmuvi ˈstudiˌoʊz spɛnt 48 jɪrz traɪɪŋ tɪ fɪlm ðə ˈnɑvəl, ˈoʊnli tɪ bi dɪˈreɪld baɪ ə ˈsɪriz əv dəˈmɛstɪk ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɑbstəkəlz. ən ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən əv ðɪs ˈstrəgəl, wɪʧ wɑz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˌɪnˈtɛns ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə dɪˈprɛʃən əv ðə, ˌɪˈluməˌneɪts ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl, ˈsoʊʃəl, ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪʃuz ðət ˈhɑliˌwʊd feɪst ɪn ðɪs taɪm əv ˈgloʊbəl ˈkraɪsəs. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdɛmənˌstreɪts ðə ˈpɛrəlz ˌɪnˈhɛrənt ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈdɑmənəns əv ðə wərld ˈmɑrkɪt. ðə fɪlm ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti tɪ sprɛd ˈpaʊərfəl ˈɪmɪʤɪz ənd ˈmɛsɪʤɪz meɪd ɪt ən ˈɑbviəs ˈtərgət fər əˈtæks frəm ˌnæʃənəˈlɪstɪk grups kənˈsərnd baɪ ɪts dɪˈpɪkʃənz əv ðɛr ˈhoʊmˌlændz. ðə majors’*’ nid fər ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈrɛvəˌnu, wɪʧ əˈkaʊntɪd fər əraʊnd 40 pərˈsɛnt əv ðɛr ˈprɑfɪts, lɛft ðɛm ˈvəlnərəbəl tɪ səʧ əˈsɔlts ənd, ɛz ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl əv mˈjusə ʃoʊz, ˈfɪrfəl əv ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈɛni fɪlm ðət maɪt əˈfɛnd frænz wɑz bɔrn ɪn prɑg ɪn 1890 ðə sən əv ˈwɛlθi ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ʤuɪʃ kəmˈjunɪti. hi wɑz ə ˈdrimi ənd dɪˈstræktɪd bɔɪ hu ˈrɛvəld ɪn ˈlɪtərəʧər, ˈθieɪtər, ənd ˈɑprə. ðə laɪf əv ə ˈraɪtər, wɪʧ əˈlaʊd fər leɪt naɪts æt ðə ˈɑprə ənd lɔŋ ˈvɪzɪts tɪ wɪθ frænz ˈkɑfkə ənd ˈəðər ˈkɑligz, əˈpild tɪ hɪz dɪsˈlaɪk əv ˈstrəkʧər ənd ˈskɛʤʊl. hi ˈpəblɪʃt hɪz fərst kəˈlɛkʃən əv poʊəmz, ðə frɛnd əv ðə wərld, tɪ greɪt əˈkleɪm ɪn 1911 hi kɛpt ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈsərvɪs wɪθ ðə ˈɔstriən ˈɑrmi ˈdʊrɪŋ wərld wɔr aɪ. hɪz ˈgreɪtəst ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈtælənt simd tɪ bi hɪz əˈbɪləˌti tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈkɑmbæt ˈduti. əˈsaɪnmənts tɪ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɔfəsɪz ɪn prɑg, viˈɛnə, ənd sˈwɪtsərlənd lɛft ɪm wɪθ əˈbəndənt taɪm tɪ raɪt. hɪz feɪm gru ˈæftər ðə wɔr: ˈwɑˌrɛz ənd ˌmæksɪˈmɪliən, hɪz 1924 ˈdrɑmə əv ðə ˈmɛksəkən ˌrɛvəˈluʃən, ɪˈstæblɪʃt ɪm ɛz ə ˌfɔrˈmɪdəbəl ˈpleɪˌraɪt. səʧ proʊz wərks ɛz ˈvɛrdi: ə ˈnɑvəl əv ðə ˈɑprə 1923 ənd ðə pjʊr æt hɑrt 1929 wən ɪm ˈivɪn mɔr ˈpɑpjələr ðə ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən fər hɪz wərk keɪm ˈdʊrɪŋ ə 1930 ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ðə ˈmɪdəl ist. waɪl ˈtʊrɪŋ dəˈmæskəs, hi ɪnˈkaʊnərd ə grup əv ˈkrɪpəld ənd ɪˈmeɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ɑrˈminiənz ˈɔrfənd baɪ ə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈmæsəkər. ˌɔlˈðoʊ hæd rɛd rɪˈpɔrts əv ðə ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə wɔr, ðɪs wɑz ðə fərst taɪm ɪts ˈjumən ˌɪmˈpækt ˈtruli ˈrɛʤɪstərd wɪθ ɪm. hi spɛnt ðə rɛst əv hɪz trɪp ˈloʊˌkeɪtɪŋ sərˈvaɪvərz ənd ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ðɛr ˈstɔriz. frəm ðɛm hi ˈlərnɪd əv ðə hɪˈroʊɪk rɪˈzɪstəns ɔn mˈjusə (ˈmaʊntən əv ˈmoʊzɪs), wɛr səm ɑrˈminiənz hɛld ɔf ə ˈtərkɪʃ fɔrs fər 53 deɪz ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ ˈrɛskjud baɪ frɛnʧ ənd ˈbrɪtɪʃ ʃɪps. ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪd, dɪˈtərmənd tɪ raɪt ə ˈnɑvəl əˈbaʊt ðə siʤ əv mˈjusə ənd ðə ˈlɑrʤər ɑrˈminiən ðə ˈfɔrti deɪz əv mˈjusə ˈsɛnərz ɔn ˈgeɪbriəl bagradian*, ə ˈwɛlθi ɑrˈminiən hu spɛnt 22 jɪrz ɪn ˈpɛrɪs ˌbiˈfɔr rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ hɪz ænˈsɛstrəl ˈvɪlɪʤ wɪθ hɪz frɛnʧ waɪf, ʤuliˈɛt, ənd hɪz sən, ˈstivən. hɪz ˈhoʊmˌkəmɪŋ ˌkoʊɪnˈsaɪdz wɪθ ðə fərst ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ə məˈθɑdɪkəl kæmˈpeɪn tɪ waɪp aʊt ðə ˈɑtəmən ɑrˈminiən ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ˈgeɪbriəl ˈræliz ðə ˈvɪlɪʤərz ənd lidz ðɛm tɪ mˈjusə, wɛr ðeɪ faɪt stɑrˈveɪʃən, ˌɪnˈtərnəl dɪˈspjuts, ənd ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈɑrmi ɪn ə ˈdɛspərɪt ˈstrəgəl fər sərˈvaɪvəl. waɪl ˈklɪrli ˈsɪmpəˌθaɪzɪŋ wɪθ ðə ɑrˈminiənz, bʊk ˌɪnˈkludɪd boʊθ ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən tərks ənd ɑrˈminiənz. ɪt bleɪmd ðə əˈtrɑsətiz ɔn ðə ˈækʃənz əv tərks, ɑrˈminiənz, ənd ˌjʊrəˈpiənz ðə ˈnɑvəl wən haɪ preɪz ɪn ˈɔstriə ənd sˈwɪtsərlənd. ɪt faʊnd lɛs ˈfeɪvər ɪn ˈʤərməni, ðə əˈdɑptəd ˈkəntri. ˈmɛni əv mˈjusə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈridərz sɔ ə kəˈnɛkʃən bɪtˈwin ðə ˌpərsəˈkjuʃən əv ɑrˈminiən məˈnɔrəti ənd ðə nazis’*’ ˈrɛtərɪk təˈwɔrd ðə ʤuz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈnɑtsiz əˈgrid wɪθ ðɪs æˈnælɪsɪs ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˌdɪsəˈpruvd əv ðə ˈnɑvəl, ðeɪ lækt ˈiðər ðə əˈθɔrəti ər ðə wɪl tɪ blɑk ɪts ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən. ðə bʊk soʊld wɛl ɪn ˈʤərməni ənˈtɪl ˈfɛbruˌɛri əv 1934 wɪn ðə ˈnɑtsiz səˈkəmd tɪ ˈprɛʃər frəm ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt ənd əˈgrid tɪ hɔlt ɪts seɪlz, ɑˈstɛnsəbli ɛz ə θrɛt tɪ ˈpəblɪk ˈɔrdər ənd ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈniðər ðə ˈʤərmənz nɔr ðə tərks kʊd prɪˈvɛnt ðə trænzˈleɪʃən əv mˈjusə ˈɪntu ˈɪŋlɪʃ. ɪt əˈpɪrd ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪn ðə fɔl əv 1934 ənd roʊz tɪ ðə tɔp əv ðə lɪst. ðə bʊk əv ðə mənθ kləb meɪd ɪt ə ˈfiʧərd səˈlɛkʃən, ˈhɛlpɪŋ tɪ pʊʃ əˈmɛrɪkən seɪlz tɪ əraʊnd ɑrˈminiən əˈmɛrɪkənz vjud ɛz ə frɛnd gɑd həz mɑbd ɪm wɪn hi ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪn leɪt 1935 rivˈjuərz ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈspɑndɪd ˈpɑzətɪvli. ðə ˈbɔstən ˈtrænˌskrɪpt kɔld ɪt bʊk tɪ rɛd, ənd rɛd again.”*.” ˈraɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˌrivˈju əv ˈlɪtərəʧər, ˈwɪljəm ləˈmɛntɪd ðət waɪl mˈjusə wɑz lɔŋ 817 ˈpeɪʤɪz), sˈwɪftnəs əv ˈmuvmənt ɪt ɪz ɔl tu ʃɔrt. ˈrɛdɪŋ ɪt, wən hoʊps ɪt maɪt ˈnɛvər end.”*.” ˈmɛni əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkrɪtɪks sɔ kəˈnɛkʃənz bɪtˈwin bʊk ənd ˈkɑrənt ɪˈvɛnts ˈivɪn ðoʊ ɪt wɑz, ənd stɪl ɪz, ənˈklɪr ˈwɛðər ðə ˈɔθər ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ əˈlud tɪ ˈnɑtsi ˈʤərməni. ðə nu jɔrk times‘*‘ ʤɑn ˈʧeɪmbərlɪn ˌɪnˈtərprətəd mˈjusə pli fər prəˈtɛkʃən əv məˈnɔrətiz ɛz ˈbərnɪŋ, ˈbɪtər ənd ˌɪnˈspaɪərd ˈproʊˌtɛst əˈgɛnst ðə jəŋ tərk proʊˈklɪvətiz əv ðə ˈʤərmən ˈnɑtsi movement.”*.” luɪs ˈkrɑnənbərgər ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət ɪz hɑrd nɑt tɪ rɛd bɪtˈwin ðə lines,”*,” ˈnoʊtɪŋ ɪkˈstrimli kloʊz ˈpɛrəˌlɛl bɪtˈwin ðə plaɪt əv ðə ɑrˈminiənz ˈəndər ðə tərks ənd ðət əv ðə ʤuz ˈəndər ˈkrɑnənbərgər ˈɔlsoʊ əbˈzərvd ðət, ˈhɑliˌwʊd dɪz nɑt mɑr ənd mishandle”*” ðə ˈnɑvəl, ʃʊd meɪk ə mægˈnɪfɪsənt movie.”*.” ˈhɑliˌwʊd wɑz ɪn fækt ɔˈrɛdi hɑrd æt wərk ɔn trænsˈfɔrmɪŋ ðə bʊk ˈɪntu ə fɪlm. ˈmɛˌtroʊ ˈgoʊldwɪn meɪər peɪd fər ðə skrin raɪts ɪn ˈərli kənˈsɪdərəbəl səm fər ə ˈnɑvəl ðət hæd nɑt jɛt bɪn ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd sɛnt ə sɪˈnɑpsɪs tɪ ˈʤoʊzəf ˈstudiˌoʊ riˈleɪʃənz kəˈmɪti (src*) ɪn mɑrʧ əv ən ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ˈridər ˈleɪbəld mˈjusə ˈɛpɪk əv ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl strɛŋθ; ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv grɪm ˌriˈæləˌti ənd ˈkələrfəl ˈroʊmæns wɪθ ə ˈbækˌgraʊnd ðət ˈpərˌmɪts ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛvəri ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən ənd adaptation.”*.” ðə ˈridər dɪd nɑt ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ˈɛni ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz. ˈniðər dɪd ðə. brin ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm hɛd luɪs bi. meɪər ðət ðɪs ənd ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ hɪˈstɔrɪkəl epic”*” wʊd ˈprɛzənt ˈsɪriəs ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti frəm ðə ˈfɔrən angle”*” soʊ lɔŋ ɛz ðə sinz əv ˈtərkɪʃ ˌpərsəˈkjuʃən wər nɑt tu ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ənd bəˈnɛvələnt rɪˈpɔrts səˈʤɛst ˈstɑrtlɪŋ naïveté*é ənd ən ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ græsp ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns ˈəðər ˈkəntriz pʊt ɔn ɪts ˈprɑdəkts. ðɪs wɑz səˈpraɪzɪŋ bɪˈkəz əˈmɛrɪkən ˈstudiˌoʊz hæd dɛlt wɪθ ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˌænəˈmɑsəti ˌbiˈfɔr. ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, hæd ˈbrifli bænd əˈmɛrɪkən fɪlmz ɪn 1922 ˈæftər ˈtaɪrɪŋ əv ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk ˌrɛprəzənˈteɪʃənz əv ɪts ˈpipəl ɛz ənd ˈrægəd ˈaʊˌtlɔz. ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðər ˈkəntriz ˈfɑloʊd ɪts lɛd. ˈɪtəli hæd ˈrisəntli fɔrst ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm tɪ kət ə sin ðət ʃoʊd ən ˈɔrgən ˈgraɪndər ˈwɔrbəlɪŋ ɪn nɑnˈsɛnsɪkəl ˌɪˈtæljən frəm ˈɛvəri prɪnt əv hæv ə hɑrt 1934 dɪˈstrɪbjətəd wɪˈθɪn ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, wɪθ ðə əˈpruvəl ɪn hænd, meɪər pʊt hɪz ˈsənɪnˌlɔ, ˈdeɪvɪd oʊ. (hu hæd bɪn brɔt ɪn tɪ ˈproʊdus fər ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ˈæftər ˈərvɪŋ ˈsəfərd ə hɑrt əˈtæk ɪn 1933 ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ðə ˈmuvi. wɑz ðə fərst tɪ sɛns ðə ˈdeɪnʤər ɪn ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. hi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ baɪ ˈpʊtɪŋ ðə bleɪm fər ðə əˈtrɑsətiz ɔn ə ˈsɪŋgəl tərk, ˈrəðər ðən ɔn ˈtərki ɛz ə hoʊl. hi ˈɔlsoʊ æst ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən, ðə ˈmoʊʃən ˈpɪkʧər prəˈdusərz ənd dɪˈstrɪbjətərz əv (mppda*) nu ˈfɔrən ˈmænɪʤər, tɪ lɛt ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt noʊ ðət ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm wɑz ˈplænɪŋ tɪ fɪlm mˈjusə. ˈhɛrən ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ðə ˈmuvi wɑz ə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈlaɪtnɪŋ rɑd ðət kʊd hæv ə ˈtɛrəbəl ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈɪndəstri. ˈbaɪˌpæsɪŋ ðə, hi ˈplɑtɪd ˈstrætəʤi wɪθ ˈwɪljəm ɔr, hu wərkt ɪn nu jɔrk ˈɔfəsɪz, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkɑnˌtæktɪŋ ðə tərks. ˈhɛrən səˈʤɛstɪd ˈmuvɪŋ ðə ˈsɛtɪŋ bæk 20 jɪrz tɪ ˌdɪsəˈsoʊʃieɪt ɪt frəm ˈɛniˌwən ˈkərəntli ɪn ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzd ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv dɪˈpɪktɪŋ ðə tərks ɛz faɪn characters.”*.” hi ˌɪmˈplɔrd ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm tɪ trit ðə situation”*” wɪθ ɪkˈstrim kɛr. ðə tu ˈkəntriz wər kloʊz ˈælaɪz. ðə tərks ˈɛmjəˌleɪtɪd ˈɛləmənts əv ˈkəlʧər, ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ˈsɪstəm, ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈstrəkʧər, ənd fræns wɑz ə ˈmeɪʤər pleɪər ɪn ˈtərkɪʃ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl əˈfɛrz. ʃʊd ˈtərki ˈbɔɪˌkɑt ðə fɪlm, ɪt kʊd pərsˈweɪd fræns tɪ ʤɔɪn ɪt. ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈmɑrkɪt dɪz nɑt əˈmaʊnt tɪ məʧ financially,”*,” ˈhɛrən riˈmaɪndɪd ɔr, frɛnʧ ˈmɑrkɪt ɪz ə ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt one.”*.” ˈhɛrən ˈwərid ðət, ɪn ðɪs eɪʤ əv ˈraɪzɪŋ ˈnæʃənəˌlɪzəm, pleɪs ɪn ðə wərld təˈdeɪ ɪz ɪn ə pəˈzɪʃən tɪ fæn ə fleɪm ðət kən stɑrt ə bɪg ˈbɑnˌfaɪər ˈmoʊʃən ˌædməˈnɪʃən keɪm ɪn ðə mɪst əv ˈlɑrʤər dəˈmɛstɪk ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈʧælənʤɪz ðət wər ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə weɪ ˈhɑliˌwʊd dɪd ˈbɪznɪs. rɪˈlɪʤəs ənd ˈsɪvɪk grups hæd lɔŋ əˈkjuzd ðə fɪlm ˈɪndəstri əv ˈpɔɪzənɪŋ americans’*’ ˈmɔrəlz wɪθ ˈmuviz ðət ˈglæməraɪzd vaɪs, kraɪm, sɛks, ənd ˈvaɪələns. ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈstudiˌoʊz hæd rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ ðiz kəmˈpleɪnts wɪθ ðə tɪ pruv ðət ðeɪ dɪd nɑt ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈgəvərnmənt ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən. ˈvɑləntɛri koʊdz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, dɪd ˈlɪtəl tɪ ˈɔltər ðə ˈkɑntɛnt əv ˈmoʊʃən ˈpɪkʧərz ər ˈpleɪkeɪt ðə ˈmɔrəˌlɪsts, huz ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ ˈoʊnli gru ɛz ˈhɑliˌwʊd ʧərnd aʊt ˈlʊrəd sɛks ˈkɑmədiz ənd ˈvaɪələnt ˈgæŋstər fɪlmz ɪn ðə ˈərli. ˈmætərz keɪm tɪ ə hɛd ɪn 1934 ɪn ˈeɪprəl, ə grup əv ˈkæθlɪk ˈbɪʃəps, ɛgd ɔn baɪ ə ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd ˈʤoʊzəf brin, fɔrmd ðə ˈliʤən əv ˈdisənsi ənd ɪnˈkərəʤd ðɛr ˌkɑŋgrəˈgeɪʃənz tɪ ˈbɔɪˌkɑt ˈmuviz ðət ðə nu grup dimd ˌɪˈmɔrəl. ˈəðər rɪˈlɪʤəs ənd ˈsɪvɪk ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ʤɔɪnd ɪn, ənd rɪˈsits ˈpləmətɪd ɛz məʧ ɛz 40 pərˈsɛnt ɪn səm ˈsɪtiz. ðə ˈɛmti ˈθiətərz ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd ðə ˈmuvi ˈmoʊgəlz, hu tʊk ˈdræstɪk ˈækʃən tɪ seɪv ðɛr skɪnz. ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1 1934 ðeɪ ˌɪnˈstɔld brin æt ðə hɛlm əv ə nu pərˈdəkʃən koʊd ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən (pca*). ənˈlaɪk ðə, ðə hæd tiθ. ˈmɛmbərz, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɔl əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər ˈstudiˌoʊz, kʊd nɑt riˈlis ər dɪˈstrɪbjut ə fɪlm wɪˈθaʊt ðə sil əv əˈpruvəl. əˈməŋ ðə mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɑrtɪkəlz ɪn ðə ˈnuli ɛnˈfɔrst pərˈdəkʃən koʊd wɑz wən rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ðət ˈhɪstəri, ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz, ˈprɑmənənt ˈpipəl ənd ˈsɪtɪzənri əv ˈəðər ˈneɪʃənz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd fairly.”*.” ɪt wɑz ən æmˈbɪgjuəs klɔz ðət ðə ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ˈbrɔdli ɪn ðə hoʊps əv prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪntərɪsts baɪ ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðət ɪts ˈprɑdəkts dɪd nɑt əˈfɛnd ˈɛni ˈnæʃənəl, rɪˈlɪʤəs, ər ˈɛθnɪk ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn mˈjusə ˈɔlsoʊ ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdəd wɪθ ə ˈraɪzɪŋ taɪd əv ˈnæʃənəˌlɪzəm ɪn ˈjʊrəp. ɛz ˈfɔrsɪz kənˈsɑləˌdeɪtəd ðɛr hoʊld ɔn ˈʤərməni, ðeɪ traɪd tɪ ˈpjʊrəˌfaɪ ðə ˈkəlʧər baɪ əˈbɑlɪʃɪŋ ˈfɔrən ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz; baɪ ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈmuviz wər bænd wɪθ ˌrɛgjəˈlɛrəti. ˈɪtəli hæd ˈrisəntli haɪkt ˈtæksɪz ɔn ˈfɔrən fɪlmz ənd ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə kˈwoʊtə ˈsɪstəm rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ɪgˈzɪbətərz tɪ ʃoʊ æt list wən ˈmuvi fər ˈɛvəri θri nu pərˈdəkʃənz ðeɪ skrind. ðə wərld ˈmɑrkɪt wɑz bɪˈkəmɪŋ lɛs əˈkɑməˌdeɪtɪŋ æt ə taɪm wɪn ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈnidɪd ɪt moʊst. wɪθ ðɛr dəˈmɛstɪk ˈmɑrkɪt ˈstrəgəlɪŋ ɪn ðə mɪst əv ðə greɪt dɪˈprɛʃən, ðə ˈlidərz wər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ əˈpiz ˈɛni fɔrs ðət θˈrɛtənd ðə ˈfɔrən ˈrɛvəˌnuz ðeɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ˈtərki əˈnaʊnst ɪts ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ðə ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk ˈvərʒən əv mˈjusə ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 1934 ʤɪst deɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈnɑvəl hɪt əˈmɛrɪkən ˈbʊkˌstɔrz. ˈtərkɪʃ æmˈbæsədər tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈmɛmət vɔɪst hɪz dɪˈsplɛʒər wɪθ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt tɪ ðə steɪt hɛd əv nɪr ˈistərn əˈfɛrz, ˈwɔlɪs ˈməri, ˈivɪn ðoʊ hi nu ðət ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈgəvərnmənt hæd noʊ əˈfɪʃəl paʊər tɪ hɔlt ɪt. ˈmɛmət ˈwərid ðət ðə ˈmuvi wʊd gɪv dɪˈstɔrtɪd ˈvərʒən əv ðə əˈlɛʤd massacres”*” ðət wʊd stər əp ˈsɛnəmənts ənd æst ˈməri tɪ wərk ˌɪnˈfɔrməli tɪ blɑk ɪt. ˈməri əˈʃʊrd ɪm ðət ðə ˈstudiˌoʊz wər ˈigər tɪ əˈvɔɪd ə ˈkɑnflɪkt ənd wɑz ˈkɑnfədənt ðət ðə ˈmætər kʊd bi ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈməri wɑz ˌənfəˈmɪljər wɪθ mˈjusə hi ənd ˈmɛmət θɔt ðət ˈpɛrəˌmaʊnt oʊnd ðə nu hum tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt. ˈprɛzɪdənt wɪl heɪz wɑz tɔp ˈtrəbəlˌʃutər. ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈpoʊstˌmæstər ˈʤɛnərəl hæd ɪkˈstɛnsɪv pəˈlɪtɪkəl kəˈnɛkʃənz ənd wɑz əˈkəstəmd tɪ ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ dəˈmɛstɪk ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkraɪsiz. ˈməri pæst əˈlɔŋ ˈmɛmət kənˈsərnz ənd æst ˈwɛðər ˈpɛrəˌmaʊnt wɑz ˌɪnˈdid prəˈdusɪŋ mˈjusə. heɪz, ɪn tərn, lind ɔn ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən tɪ nɪp ðə dɪˈspjut ɪn ðə bəd. ðə ˈfɔrən ˈmænɪʤər əˈʃʊrd ˈməri ðət ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm plænd tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈgeɪbriəl, ðə ˈlidər əv ðə bɪˈsiʤd ɑrˈminiənz, ənd hɪz frɛnʧ ˈfæməli. nɑt ˈoʊnli dɪd ðə skrɪpt əˈvɔɪd dˈwɛlɪŋ ɔn ɑrˈminiən massacre,”*,” hi ɪkˈspleɪnd, ɪt nɑt rɪˈfər tɪ ɪt æt all.”*.” ˈhɛrən ˈprɑməst tɪ kip ən aɪ ɔn ðə fɪlm ənd ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət wɪl bi ˈnəθɪŋ ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ɪt ðət kʊd əˈfɛnd ðə ˈtərkɪʃ æmˈbæsədər ər hɪz countrymen.”*.” ˈmɛmət simd ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd, ənd ðə əˈfɛr əˈpɪrd tɪ bloʊ ˈoʊvər. ə rɪˈlivd ˈrɑbərt ˈskɪnər, æmˈbæsədər tɪ ˈtərki, kənˈgræʧəˌleɪtɪd ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt fər ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðət ðə pərˈdəkʃən wʊd nɑt kɔz ɪm ˈɛni ˈhɛˌdeɪks daʊn ðə ˈtərki hæd gʊd ˈrizənz tɪ ˈskrutəˌnaɪz ˈhɑliˌwʊd. wɪθ ɪts ˈgræfɪk sinz əv ɑrˈminiən ˈsəfərɪŋz ənd ˈtərkɪʃ əˈtrɑsətiz, ðə ˈfɔrti deɪz əv mˈjusə wɑz ə pəˈtɛnʃəl dɪˈzæstər æt ə taɪm wɪn ˈtərki wɑz ˈdipli kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ɪts ˈɪmɪʤ. ˈəndər kəˈmɑl ˈlidərˌʃɪp, wɔr aɪ ˈtərki hæd ˌəndərˈgɔn ə ˈsɪriz əv rɪˈfɔrmz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ əˈlaɪn ɪt wɪθ ðə wɛst. ɪt əˈbændənd θiˈɑkrəsi, əˈdɑptəd ðə ˈlætən ˈælfəˌbɛt, ˈgrænɪd ˈikwəl raɪts tɪ ˈwɪmən, ənd dɪˈvɛləpt ə prəˈgrɛsɪv ˈsɪstəm əv ˈpəblɪk ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. ˈɔlsoʊ wərkt tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr stəˈbɪlɪti baɪ ˈbɪldɪŋ ə ˈspɪrɪt əv ˈtərkɪʃ, ˈrəðər ðən ˈɛrəbɪk ər ˈɑtəmən, aɪˈdɛntəˌti. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, ðə prɛs, ənd ðə skulz ˈbætəld ˈsɛnʧəriz əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən skɔrn baɪ ˈbustɪŋ ˈnæʃənəl wɪθ traɪˈəmfənt ˈnɛrətɪvz əv ˈtərkɪʃ ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən ənd ˈhɪstəri. mˈjusə ˈstɔriˌlaɪn vɪrd ˈwaɪldli frəm ðə ˈpɑrti laɪn. ɪf ɪgˈzɪbətəd ɔn ðə ˈθieɪtər skrinz, ɪt kʊd ˈəndərˌkət ˈtərkɪʃ ˈɛfərts tɪ ˈkəltəˌveɪt ə ˌpeɪtriˈɑtɪk ˈsɪtɪzənri ənd wɪn ˈwɛstərn əkˈsɛptəns. ˈtərkɪʃ ˈɛfərts æt ˌmɑdərnəˈzeɪʃən, mɔˈroʊvər, ˈnidɪd hɛlp frəm əˈbrɔd. ˈmɛni əv ɪts ˈsɪtiz hæd bɪn ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd baɪ jɪrz əv wɔr, ənd ðə ˈkəntri kʊd nɑt plæn ənd peɪ fər ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ənd ˌɪnˌdəstriəlɪˈzeɪʃən wɪˈθaʊt eɪd. ə fɪlm laɪk mˈjusə kʊd ˌriɪnˈfɔrs ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪps ənd kənˈvɪns ˈwɛstərnərz tɪ sik aʊt mɔr ˈprɑməsɪŋ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ðɛr ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ənd ə pis ɪn ðə ˈhɑliˌwʊd rɪˈpɔrtər ˌriɪgˈnaɪtɪd ðə dɪˈspjut ɪn ˈeɪprəl əv 1935 ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl kleɪmd ðət ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm wɑz prəˈsidɪŋ wɪθ mˈjusə ənd hæd əˈproʊʧt ˈwɪljəm ˈwɛlmən tɪ dɪˈrɛkt. ðə tərks hərd frəm ˈəðər ˈsɔrsəz ðət ðə skrɪpt ˈmɛnʃənd ˈtərkɪʃ əˈtrɑsətiz. ˈmɛmət ʃɑt ɔf ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt dɪˈmændɪŋ ðət ɪt prɪˈvɛnt ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm frəm ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə ˈmuvi. ˈməri tʊk əp ðə ˈmætər wɪθ ˈhɛrən, hu bleɪmd ðə rɪˈpɔrtər ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔn ən pəˈblɪsɪti man”*” ənd əˈʃʊrd ðə dɪˈvɪʒən ʧif ðət ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm wʊd nɑt bi soʊ ˈfulɪʃ ɛz tɪ reɪz ðə ˈθɔrni ˈɪʃu əv ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd. feɪθ ɪn ˈwɪzdəm wɑz lɛs ðən ˈæbsəˌlut. hi ˈpraɪvətli æst ˈʤoʊzəf brin tɪ ˈmɑnətər ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt frəm hɪz ˈhɑliˌwʊd ðə ˈprɑbləm dɪd nɑt goʊ əˈweɪ, ənd ˈhɛrən faʊnd hɪmˈsɛlf ˈʃətəlɪŋ bɪtˈwin ðə pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ɪn ðə ˈdrɑmə. ˈfilɪŋ bɪˈtreɪd ənd ˈæŋgərd baɪ ðə riɪˈmərʤəns, ˈmɛmət toʊld ˈhɛrən ðət ˈtərki wʊd bæn mˈjusə noʊ ˈmætər wət sinz ɪt kət. ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi ækˈsɛptɪd ˈɔfər tɪ sɛnd ə skrɪpt tɪ ðə ˈɛmbəsi, hi dɪd nɑt ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðə skrɪpt hæd ˈɛni ʧæns əv ˈwɪnɪŋ hɪz əˈpruvəl. ˈhɛrən, ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, rɪfˈjuzd tɪ ˈprɛʃər ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm tɪ ʃət daʊn ɪts pərˈdəkʃən wɪn ˈmɛmət geɪv hɪz ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl dɪsəˈpruvəl. ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm tɔst ˈgæsəˌlin ɔn ðə fleɪmz baɪ əˈnaʊnsɪŋ mˈjusə ɛz ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈfiʧər ɔn ɪts ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈskɛʤʊl ənd prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ɪt wɪθ ən ˈkɑntɛst ɪn ˈmɑdərn skrin ˈfɪrɪŋ ðət mˈjusə kʊd ˈpɔɪzən riˈleɪʃənz, dɪˈvɪʒən ʧif ˈməri bɛgd ˈhɛrən tɪ stɑp ðə ˈmædnəs. hi ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət ðə fɪlm wʊd bi bænd ɪn ˈtərki. hi ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət ðə fɪlm wʊd bi bænd ɪn ˈʤərməni. hi ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət ðə fɪlm wʊd bi bænd ɪn ðə ˈbɔlkənz. nən əv hɪz ˈɑrgjəmənts əˈfɛktɪd ˈhɛrən, huz ˈoʊnli ril fɪr wɑz ðət ˈtərki wʊd pərsˈweɪd fræns tɪ bæn ɪt. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈtərkɪʃ ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz bɪˈgæn ˈrənɪŋ ˈɑrtɪkəlz ənd ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ˈbɔɪˌkɑts əv ɔl ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm fɪlmz. ə ˈfræzəld æmˈbæsədər ˈskɪnər, hu hæd bɪn kɛpt aʊt əv ðə lup, ˈkeɪbəld tɪ ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt: ɑrˈminiən kˈwɛʃən kən sərv noʊ ˈjusfəl kʊd nɑt hæv əˈgrid ˈæftər ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ meɪk ˈhɛdˌweɪ wɪθ ðə ər ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt, ˈmɛmət tərnd hɪz əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ dɪˈspæʧt wən əv ɪts vaɪs ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts, ʤeɪ. ˈrɑbərt ˈrubɪn, tɪ mit wɪθ ðə fˈjʊriəs æmˈbæsədər. ˈmɛmət ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ˈrubɪn ɪn noʊ ənˈsərtən tərmz ðət honor”*” wɑz ɔn ðə laɪn. hɪz ˈkəntri wʊd bæn nɑt ˈoʊnli mˈjusə, bət ɔl ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm fɪlmz, ɪf ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ wɛnt ˈfɔrwərd wɪθ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. ˈrubɪn, hu hæd ˈlaɪkli rɛd ˈniðər ðə bʊk nɔr ðə ˈskrinˌpleɪ ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr dɪd nɑt ˈfʊli ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi, lɛft ə ˈkɑpi əv sɪˈnɛrioʊ wɪθ ðə æmˈbæsədər. hi simd tɪ fil hi hæd əˈkɑmplɪʃt moʊˈmɛntəm kənˈtɪnjud tɪ rən əˈgɛnst ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ, wɪʧ simd əˈneɪbəl tɪ koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt ɪts wərdz ɔn ðə ist koʊst wɪθ ɪts ˈækʃənz ɔn ðə wɛst koʊst. ˈfɪrɪŋ ðət ðə ˈmuvi wʊd ˌɪnˈspaɪr ə nu raʊnd əv ˈɛθnɪk ˈheɪtrəd, ˈmɛni ɪn ɑrˈminiən kəmˈjunɪti bɪˈgæn ˈproʊˌtɛstɪŋ pərˈdəkʃən. ɪn leɪt ˌʤuˈlaɪ, bɔrd əv ˈsɛnsərz, wɪʧ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ˈlɑrʤəst ˈmuvi ˈmɑrkɪt, ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ʃət aʊt ɔl ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ˈprɑdəkts ɪf ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ meɪd mˈjusə. ˈrumərz əˈbaʊndɪd ðət ˈtərki wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ kənˈvɪns fræns tɪ du ðə seɪm. ˈfɪrɪŋ ə ˈmeɪʤər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɪnsədənt ənd ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ kip hɪz ˈgəvərnmənt klɪr əv ðə freɪ, ˈməri toʊld ˈɛniˌwən hu wʊd ˈlɪsən ðət hi hæd meɪd ɪt clear”*” tɪ ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ðət ˌripərˈkəʃənz maɪt follow”*” ɪf ɪt pʊʃt ðə fɪlm ˈərvɪŋ hæd bɪn ə fæn əv mˈjusə frəm ðə stɑrt ənd hæd ərʤd luɪs bi. meɪər tɪ ˈpərʧəs ðə raɪts tɪ ɪt. baɪ hi hæd rɪˈkəvərd tɪ ðə pɔɪnt wɛr hi wɑz ˈrɛdi tɪ teɪk kənˈtroʊl əv mˈjusə frəm. ðə prəˈdusər riˈzɛnəd boʊθ ənd nu ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns ɪn hɪz əˈfɛrz. hi hæd ɔˈrɛdi əˈgrid tɪ plæn tɪ pleɪs ðə bleɪm əˈpɑn wən tərk ənd sɔ noʊ nid fər ˈfərðər kənˈsɛʃənz. hɛl wɪθ ðə turks,”*,” hi kəmˈpleɪnd. goʊɪŋ tɪ meɪk ðə ˈpɪkʧər anyway.”*.” hi ɛnˈvɪʒənd ə ˈlævɪʃ ˈspɛktəkəl ənd ˈpɛnsəld ɪn klɑrk ˈgeɪbəl ənd ˈwɪljəm ˈpɑwɛl ɛz ðə stɑrz. meɪər dɪd nɑt si ˈmætərz ðə seɪm weɪ ənd, ˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈprɛʃər frəm boʊθ nu jɔrk ənd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, wɑz ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ saʊər ɔn ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. wɑz ˈlɪvɪd. kən ðə tərks du ɪf wi meɪk mˈjusə dagh?”*?” hi æst. ““okay*, lɛt ðɛm kip ˈjuˈɛs aʊt əv ðɛr 30 theaters.”*.” meɪər əˈgrid ðət ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈmɑrkɪt wɑz ənɪmˈpɔrtənt, bət hi kʊd nɑt bɛr ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv ˈluzɪŋ fræns, wɪʧ əˈkaʊntɪd fər əˈbaʊt tɛn pərˈsɛnt əv ˈfɔrən ˈrɛvəˌnuz. hi ənd ðə ˈəðər ˈmuvi ˈmoʊgəlz wər ɔˈrɛdi ˈrilɪŋ frəm saɪnz ðət ðə frɛnʧ maɪt ˌɪmˈpoʊz kˈwoʊtəz ər reɪz ˈtæksɪz ɔn əˈmɛrɪkən fɪlmz ənd ˈhɛzɪˌteɪtɪd tɪ ˈeɪljəˌneɪt ˈiðər fræns ər ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt, wɪʧ wʊd bi ən ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈælaɪ ɪn ˈɛni faɪt tɪ prɪˈzərv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ðə ˈtərkɪʃ prɛs ˈædɪd tɪ dɪˈskəmfərt baɪ ˈlɔnʧɪŋ ə nu bərɑʒ əv əˈtæks ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 1935 ˈʤoʊzəf brin pæst ðiz ˈɑrtɪkəlz ɔn tɪ ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ɛz ə weɪ əv ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ hɪz dɪˈsteɪst fər ðə ˈstəbərnəs. ˈpisɪz ɪn lɑ, ˈheɪbər, ənd sən slæmd ˈnɑvəl ɛz məˈlɪʃɪsli bæd ˈhɪstəri ənd kɔld fər ˈbɔɪˌkɑts əv ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm fɪlmz. tɪ ˈpætrəˌnaɪz ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm wʊd bi ˈeɪkɪn tɪ ə ˈsərpənt ɪn ɑr ˈvɛri bosom.”*.” ðə prɛs əˈkjuzd ənd ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm əv ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪŋ ˈaʊtˌdeɪtɪd ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪps ðət kʊd ˌɪˈrɛpərəbli hɑrm ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən əˈməŋ ˌjʊrəˈpiənz ənd əˈmɛrɪkənz. θɔt ðət wi wər ðɛr ˈikwəlz ənd wər ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ɛz səʧ baɪ them,”*,” lɑ kəmˈpleɪnd. wər dɪˈsivd ɪn bɪˈlivɪŋ ðət ðɛr əˈpɪnjən əv ˈjuˈɛs hæd changed.”*.” ˈikwəli əˈnərvɪŋ wər ðə ˈrɛfərənsɪz tɪ ɛz ˈʃeɪmləs jew”*” ənd tɪ ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ɛz ə ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən. wɑz ɔn ðə raɪz ɪn ˈtərki, ənd ðɛr wɑz tɔk əv ˌriˈloʊkeɪtɪŋ ʤuz tɪ ðə ˈhɪntərˌlændz ɛz ə weɪ əv dɪfˈjuzɪŋ ˈtɛnʃən. səm ɪn ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈgəvərnmənt səˈspɛktɪd ðət tɔr, dɪˈrɛktər ˈʤɛnərəl əv ðə prɛs, wɑz bɪˈhaɪnd səʧ əˈtæks. hæd ˈstədid ˌprɑpəˈgændə ˈəndər ˈʤoʊsəf ˈgoʊbəlz, ə fækt ðət geɪv ðə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər əv anti-semitism”*” ən ˈivɪn mɔr ˈsɪnɪstər ˈsɛnsɪŋ hɪz strɔŋ pəˈzɪʃən ənd ðə americans’*’ ənˈwɪlɪŋnɪs tɪ əˈfɛnd ɪm, ˈmɛmət pʊʃt ðə ˈkraɪsəs ˈfərðər. ɪn ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt ˌkɔrˈdɛl həl, ðə æmˈbæsədər wəns əˈgɛn dɪˈnaʊnst ðə pərˈdəkʃən ənd dɪˈmændɪd ðət ðə juz. ˈgəvərnmənt ˈiðər stɑp ɪt ər feɪs ə breɪk ɪn riˈleɪʃənz. ɪn rɪˈspɑns, həl ˈɔrdərd ˈwɔlɪs ˈməri tɪ ˈbroʊkər ə səˈluʃən baɪ goʊɪŋ streɪt tɪ ðə tɔp. ˈməri əˈkɔrdɪŋli dɪˈmændɪd wɪl hays’*’ əˈsɪstəns ɪn əv ə kˈwɛʃən wɪʧ əˈpɪrz tɪ bi əˈsumɪŋ ˈvɛri lɑrʤ prəˈpɔrʃənz ɪn ðə maɪndz əv ðə əˈfɪʃəlz æt ankara.”*.” heɪz, hu ˌəndərˈstʊd ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ strɔŋ riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈbɛtər ðən moʊst ɪn ˈhɑliˌwʊd, ˈprɑməst ðə kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən ənd ˌɪnˈkrist ɪts ˈɛfərts tɪ fɔrs ðə ˈrɛnəˌgeɪd ˈstudiˌoʊ tɪ ðə əˈtæks frəm ðə ˈtərkɪʃ prɛs, ðə fɪr əv ˈluzɪŋ ðə frɛnʧ ˈmɑrkɪt, ðə dɪsəˈpruvəl əv ðə heɪz ˈɔfəs, ənd ðə nid tɪ steɪ ɔn ðə steɪt gʊd saɪd ˈfaɪnəli krəʃt rɪˈzɪstəns. ɪn ˈərli ɑkˈtoʊbər 1935 ˈwɪljəm ɔr ədˈmɪtəd tɪ æmˈbæsədər ˈmɛmət ðət ˈfɪlmɪŋ mˈjusə daghh*, ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃənz ɪt maɪt bi səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ, kʊd nɑt bət bi ˈhɑrmfəl frəm ˈɛvəri standpoint.”*.” ˈmɛmət ɪkˈstɛndɪd hɪz θæŋks ənd ˈhɑrti appreciation”*” tɪ ˈwɔlɪs ˈməri fər ðə steɪt səˈpɔrt ənd əˈʃʊrd ɪm ðət hɪz ˈækʃənz hæd kriˈeɪtɪd ˈɛksələnt ˌɪmˈprɛʃən ɪn maɪ country.”*.” əˈmɛrɪkən æmˈbæsədər ˈskɪnər wɑz ˈikwəli ˈθæŋkfəl ðət ðə steɪt ˈækʃənz hæd səʧ ə effect.”*.” ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpərsən tɪ vɔɪs hɪz ənˈhæpinɪs wɑz. lɔst ɑr guts,”*,” hi kəmˈpleɪnd, wɪn ðət ˈhæpənz tɪ ə ˈstudiˌoʊ, ju kən kɪs ɪt ˈtərki meɪnˈteɪnd ɪts kloʊz wɔʧ ɔn ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm. ˈɛni ˈmɛnʃən əv ðə fɪlm ɪn ðə ˈhɑliˌwʊd treɪd prɛs brɔt ə nu raʊnd əv ˌɪnkˈwaɪəriz frəm ˈmɛmət ənd ə nu raʊnd əv dɪˈnaɪəlz ðət ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm wɑz kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. ənd jɛt ɪt wɑz nɑt kəmˈplitli dɛd. stɪl ˈwɔntɪd tɪ meɪk ðə ˈmuvi ənd ˈlɑbid ˈrubɪn ənd ˈəðər ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz ɪn nu jɔrk tɪ gɪt ɔn bɔrd. ˈʤoʊzəf brin ˈɔlsoʊ hæd səm ˌɪnəkˈsplɪkəbəl ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ. ɪn leɪt 1935 hi æst ðə əˈmɛrɪkən rɛd krɔs fər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ɑrˈminiən rɪˈlif ˈɛfərts ˈdʊrɪŋ ənd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈæftər wərld wɔr aɪ. hi ɪkˈspleɪnd, ənˈfɔrʧənətli wɪˈθaʊt ɪˈlæbərˌeɪtɪŋ, ðət ðə məˈtɪriəl maɪt bi əv juz ɪn ðə mˈjusə ˈskrinˌpleɪ. pərˈhæps hi hoʊpt tɪ faɪnd ə weɪ fər ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm tɪ juz ðə ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ˈtaɪtəl waɪl kəmˈplitli ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə ˈfoʊkɪs əv ðə ˈstɔri. ˈdeɪvɪd oʊ., baɪ naʊ ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt prəˈdusər, ˈbrifli kənˈsɪdərd rɪˈvaɪvɪŋ ðə fɪlm ɪn 1936 ɪt wɑz hɑrd tɪ lɛt goʊ əv ə ˈprɑpərti wɪθ səʧ ˈərnɪŋ pəˈtɛnʃəl, bət fɪrz əv ərˈaʊzɪŋ ə nu ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈkraɪsəs ɪnˈʃʊrd ðət ðiz tɔks wɛnt ˈæftər ðə mˈjusə dəˈbɑkəl, ˈhɑliˌwʊd əˈkɑməˌdeɪtəd ðə dɪˈmændz əv ˈfɔrən ˈgəvərnmənts ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst fju jɪrz. ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ˈkænsəld ˈʃutɪŋ ɪt ˈhæpən hir tɪ əˈvɔɪd ænˈtægəˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈʤərməni ənd ðə ˈkɑmədi dɪˈlaɪt 1939 tɪ əˈpiz ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən. sæm ˈgoʊldwɪn wɛnt θru ˈsɪmələr kənˈtɔrʃənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə pərˈdəkʃən əv ðə ædˈvɛnʧərz əv ˈmɑrkoʊ ˈpoʊloʊ 1938 ðə fɪr əv ˌrɛtrəˈbjuʃən lɛd ˈhɑliˌwʊd tɪ ˈnɪrli ˌɪgˈnɔr ðə ˈspænɪʃ ˈsɪvəl wɔr. ˈwɔltər ˌblɑˈkeɪd 1938 keɪm ˈkloʊsəst tɪ ɪkˈsplɔrɪŋ ɪts ˈɪʃuz ənd ˌɪmˈpækt, bət ðə ˈdeɪnʤərz əv ˈæŋgərɪŋ speɪn, ðə ˈkæθlɪk ʧərʧ, ˈʤərməni, ˈɪtəli, ˈlætən əˈmɛrɪkə, ənd ˈɛniˌwən ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts hu ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈkəntri biɪŋ drægd ˈɪntu əˈnəðər ˈkɑnflɪkt fɔrst ˈwæŋər tɪ kriˈeɪt ə kənfˈjuzɪŋ ənd æmˈbɪgjuəs fɪlm ðət rɪfˈjuzd tɪ neɪm ðə saɪdz ər ɪkˈspleɪn wət ðeɪ wər ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, rɪˈtərnd ðə ˈfɔrti deɪz əv mˈjusə tɪ ðə ˈfɔrˌfrənt ɪn leɪt 1938 ðə ˈnɑtsiz hæd baɪ ðɪs pɔɪnt bɑrd moʊst əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpɪkʧərz frəm ˈʤərməni ənd ɪts ˈkɑŋkərd ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz, ənd riˈstrɪktɪv ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ɪn ˈɪtəli wʊd fɔrs ðə ˈstudiˌoʊz tɪ əˈbændən ðət ˈmɑrkɪt æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə jɪr. wɪθ ɪts ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈrɛvəˌnuz ˌdɪsəˈpɪrɪŋ ˈɛniˌweɪ, ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm tɔɪd wɪθ ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈfaɪnəli ˈfɪlmɪŋ ðə ˈnɑvəl ɪn ðə hoʊps əv ˈrækɪŋ əp bɪg dəˈmɛstɪk ˈprɑfɪts. meɪər wɑz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd, bət nɑt ɪˈnəf tɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrm ðə nu jɔrk ˈɔfəs ðət hi wɑz kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈsəbʤɪkt əˈgɛn. ðə treɪd prɛs sun kɔt wɪnd əv ðə ˈstɔri ənd ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈdɪpləˌmæts əˈgɛn dɪˈsɛndɪd ɔn ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt, ðət ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ ɔl scruples”*” wʊd ˌɪmˈpɛrəl ˈəðər əˈmɛrɪkən ˈbɪznɪsɪz ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn klæmpt daʊn ɔn ðə ˈjuzɪŋ ˈhɛrən ɛz ɪts ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈkɑnˌtækt, ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt meɪd ɪt klɪr ðət ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ʃʊd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ ˈægrəˌveɪt ɑr relationship”*” wɪθ ðə tərks. ˈhɛrən, hu hæd rɛd ðə seɪm prɛs rɪˈpɔrts ɛz ðə tərks ənd hæd noʊ dɪˈzaɪər tɪ si mˈjusə goʊ ˈfɔrwərd, hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˌɛnˈlɪstɪd brin tɪ snup əraʊnd ˈhɑliˌwʊd. brin kənˈfərmd ðət wərk ɔn ðə skrɪpt wɑz prəˈsidɪŋ bət ˈɔlsoʊ geɪnd əˈʃʊrəntsɪz ðət ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm wʊd stɑp ɪf ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hæd ˈhɛrən wɑz fˈjʊriəs ðət ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm hæd əˈgɛn pʊt ɪm ɪn ən ˈɔkwərd pəˈzɪʃən. ðə ˈfɔrən ˈmænɪʤər ˈriˌleɪd ˈfaɪndɪŋz tɪ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən əˈlɔŋ wɪθ əˈʃʊrəntsɪz ðət ðə wʊd du ˌwəˈtɛvər wɑz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ kɪl ðə pərˈdəkʃən. feɪst wɪθ ə juˈnaɪtɪd frənt əv ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən, ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm drɑpt ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt fər ðə ˈsɛkənd taɪm. ɪt wɑz ə dɪˈsɪʒən ðət kənˈteɪnd ə dip ənd ˈtrəbəlɪŋ ˈaɪrəni. ˈmɛni hu rɛd mˈjusə ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɪt ɛz ə ˈpɛrəbəl əv ˈtritmənt əv ðə ʤuz. baɪ nɑt ˈʃutɪŋ ðə fɪlm,,, meɪər, ˈrubɪn, ənd ˈəðər ˈhɑliˌwʊd ʤuz wər ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ ðə ˈlɛsən əv ðə bʊk. ðeɪ tərnd ðɛr bæks ɔn ðə əˈlɛʤd ɑrˈminiən ˈmæsəkər ʤɪst ɛz ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld tərnd ɪts bæk ɔn ðə feɪt əv ˈʤərmən wərld wɔr riˈʃeɪpt ðə wərld, bət ˈtərkɪʃ ˈætəˌtudz təˈwɔrd mˈjusə rɪˈmeɪnd ənˈʧeɪnʤd. wərd ðət ˈhɑliˌwʊd wɑz ˈplænɪŋ tɪ ʃut ðə ˈmuvi sprɛd əˈgɛn ɪn 1950 ənd əˈgɛn ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈɛmbəsi kəmˈpleɪnd ðət səʧ ə fɪlm du ˌɪˈrɛpərəbəl hɑrm tɪ ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ˈtərki ənd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd states.”*.” ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ˈrumərz pruvd ənˈtru, strɔŋ riˈækʃən səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt wɑz stɪl ə sɔr spɑt. ənd jɛt ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt wʊd nɑt daɪ. ɛs. ˈbərmən, ˈʤoʊzəf ˈpæstərnæk, ˈwɔltər ˈwæŋər, ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðərz kənˈsɪdərd prəˈdusɪŋ ɪt ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ jɪrz. baɪ 1969 wɪn ˈʤɛri ˈgərʃwɪn ənd ˈɛliət ˈkæstnər pərˈdəkʃənz əˈnaʊnst mˈjusə jɛt əˈgɛn, ɪt hæd bɪˈkəm moʊst əˈgɛn, ɔf again’*’ ˈmeɪʤər ˈlɪtərˌɛri ˈprɑpərti ɪn ðə ˈhɪstəri əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈmoʊʃən pictures.”*.” ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm hæd spɛnt ə ˌriˈpɔrtəd 1 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈskrɪpˌtraɪtɪŋ fiz, prəˈdusər kɔsts, ənd ˈvɛriəs ˈəðər ɪkˈspɛnsɪz sɪns ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ðə raɪts ɪn 1934 nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋli, ˈgərʃwɪn ənd ˈkəmpəˌni ˈnɛvər ʃɑt ə fʊt əv ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli soʊld ðə raɪts tɪ ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈrilɪˌsteɪt dɪˈvɛləpər ənd ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈnɑvəs ʤɑn ˈkərkʤiən. ˈivɪn ðoʊ hi hæd ˈnɛvər bɪn ɔn ə ˈmuvi sɛt, ˈkərkʤiən stɪl bɪˈlivd hi kʊd tərn mˈjusə ˈɪntu ə ˈprɑfətəbəl fɪlm ðət wʊd meɪk ɪm ə ˈhɪroʊ ɪn ðə ɑrˈminiən kəmˈjunɪti. hi ˈweɪtɪd fər ˈstudiˌoʊz tɪ nɑk ɔn hɪz dɔr wɪθ ˈlukrətɪv pərˈdəkʃən dilz. ðeɪ ˈnɛvər dɪd. ˈæftər ˈhoʊldɪŋ ðə ˈtaɪtəl fər əˈbaʊt ə ˈdɛkeɪd, ˈkərkʤiən faʊnd hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn ə ʤæm. hɪz əˈgrimənt wɪθ ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ðə raɪts wʊd rɪˈvərt tɪ ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ ɪf hi dɪd nɑt meɪk ðə ˈmuvi wɪˈθɪn ə ˈgɪvɪn taɪm. ɪn 1982 ʤɪst sɪks wiks ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈdɛˌdlaɪn, hi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ meɪk ɪt hɪmˈsɛlf. hi haɪərd ə jəŋ ˈskrinˌraɪtər neɪmd ˈæləks, dəmpt ˈnɪrli ə ˈdəzən ˈvərʒənz əv mˈjusə skrɪpts ɔn hɪz dɛsk, ənd dɪˈmændɪd ðət hi ðə bɛst frəm iʧ wən ənd meɪk ə greɪt dɪd wət hi kʊd tɪ tərn aʊt ə rɪˈspɛktəbəl ˈskrinˌpleɪ, bət ðə fɪlm ˈnɛvər hæd ə ʧæns əv ˈmitɪŋ ðə grænd ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ðət ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm wəns hæd fər ɪt. ˈprɑməsəz əv ə ˈbəʤɪt əv 8 tɪ 10 ˈmɪljən ɪˈvæpərˌeɪtɪd, ˈfɔrsɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər mɔˈreɪdiən tɪ rɪp aʊt sin ˈæftər sin ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ seɪv ˈməni. hi ʃɑt mˈjusə ɪn ðə ˈfʊˌthɪlz əv ˈmæləbu fər əˈbaʊt 1 ðə əˈmaʊnt ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ˈbəʤɪtɪd fər ɪt bæk ɪn 1934 ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ ˈmuvi wɑz ə fɑrs ðət lækt koʊˈhisɪvnəs. ɪt ˈnɛvər hæd ə θiˈætrɪkəl riˈlis ənd wɑz ˈsævɪʤd baɪ ðə fju ˈkrɪtɪks hu ˈbɑðərd tɪ si ɪt. vərˈaɪəti kɔld ɪt ˈdrɪri ˈlɪtəl fɪlm ðət dɪz noʊ ˈʤəstɪs tɪ ɪts ˈweɪˌti ˈʤərmən dɪˈrɛktər ˈleɪtər geɪnd kənˈtroʊl əv ðə raɪts ənd, ɪn 1989 ə wɛst ˈʤərmən ˈkəmpəˌni əˈnaʊnst plænz tɪ fɪlm ə ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈnɑvəl. həz nɑt jɛt meɪd hɪz ˈmuvi. æt ðɪs taɪm, ˈærəˌrɑt ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈmuvi əˈbaʊt ðə ɑrˈminiən ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd ðət həz əˈpɪrd ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈθiətərz. aɪˈrɑnɪkli, ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm əˈgɛn pleɪd ən əbˈstrəkʃənɪst roʊl, ɛz ˈmɪrəˌmæks əˈgrid tɪ dɪˈstrɪbjut ðə ˈpɪkʧər ˈoʊnli ˈæftər ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv, ˈæləks ˌjɛməˈnɪʤiən, ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðət ɪt dɪd nɑt meɪk məʧ sense”*” fər hɪz ˈstudiˌoʊ tɪ ˈhændəl kənˈsərn rɪˈflɛkts ðə ˈiθɑs ðət həz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈdrɪvən ˈhɑliˌwʊd. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈdɪkətɪv əv ə saɪd əv ðə ˈɪndəstri ðət ðə ˈpəblɪk həz lɔŋ bɪn ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈoʊvərˌlʊk. fju fænz hæd ˈivɪn ðə sˈlaɪtəst əˈwɛrnəs əv ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈrəkəs ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm prəˈvoʊkt ɪn 1934 ənd ˈstrəgəld tɪ ˈmænɪʤ fər ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈdɛkeɪd. ɪt ˈbɛrli ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈivɪn ɪn ðə treɪd prɛs. moʊst wər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ˈoʊnli ɪn wət əˈpɪrd ɔn ðə skrin; ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˌmæʃəˈneɪʃənz ðət lərkt ˈbækˈsteɪʤ wər ˌɪˈrɛləvənt. tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr ðə drim ˌɪnˈtrigz ənd məˈnuvərɪŋz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr ðə ˈfɔrsɪz ðət dɪˈtərmən wət kʊd ənd kʊd nɑt əˈpɪr ɪn ˈθiətərz. ðə ˈækʃənz əv boʊθ ˈhɑliˌwʊd ənd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ʃoʊ ðət ɑrˈtɪstɪk ˌɪnˈtɛgrəti ənd ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈkɑntɛnt tʊk ə bæk sit tɪ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌriˈæləˌti ˈivɪn ˈdʊrɪŋ ðoʊz moʊst ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl əv taɪmz. wɪn feɪst wɪθ ðə ʧɔɪs əv ɪkˈspoʊzɪŋ ðə ˈsəfərɪŋz əv ðə pæst ər prɪˈzərvɪŋ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl pis ɪn ðə ˈprɛzənt, paʊər ˈbroʊkərz ɔn boʊθ koʊsts ʧoʊz ðə ˈlætər. ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈfɔrti deɪz əv mˈjusə rɪˈvilz ə ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈstreɪnɪŋ tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ɪts pleɪs ɪn ə ˈkɑmplɛks wərld əv haɪ ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz ənd kəmˈpitɪŋ ˈɪntərɪsts. ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz ɪn ˈnævəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðiz ˈʧɑpi ˈwɔtərz ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ðət ðə ˈɪndəstri hæd nɑt jɛt ˈlərnɪd ðə rulz tɪ wət wɑz ˌɪnˈdid ə ˈvɛri ˈtrɪki geɪm. ðə steɪt əv ðə wərld æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ˈivɪn mɔr ˈdeɪnʤərəs ʃoʊlz leɪ əˈhɛd. noʊts 1 ˈtərki stɪl dɪˈnaɪz ðət ðɛr wɑz ən ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd plæn tɪ ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ðə ɑrˈminiən ˈpipəl ˈdʊrɪŋ wərld wɔr aɪ ənd, ˌɔlˈðoʊ moʊst hɪˈstɔriənz ˈɑrgju ðə ˈkɑntrɛri, səm əˈgri. ðə ˌriˈæləˌti, ˌənriˈæləti, ər ɪgˌzæʤərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ɑrˈminiən ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ˌɪˈrɛləvənt hir ənd wɪl nɑt bi ˈteɪkən əp ɪn ðɪs ˈɛˌseɪ. 2 vərˈaɪəti meɪ 2002 ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˈætəm, ““n.p.r*. ˈwiˌkɪnd edition”*” 1 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2002 nu jɔrk taɪmz 7 ʤun 2002 3 ˈɑtəˌwɑ ˈsɪtɪzən 31 dɪˈsɛmbər 2003 vɪkˈtɔriə (b.c*.) taɪmz ˈkɑlənɪst 7 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2004 4 tərˈɑntoʊ stɑr 6 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2004 vɪkˈtɔriə (b.c*.) taɪmz ˈkɑlənɪst 7 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2004 5 ˈkleɪtən ɑr. kɑps ənd ˈgrɛgəri di. blæk, ˈhɑliˌwʊd goʊz tɪ wɔr: haʊ ˈpɑləˌtɪks, ˈprɑfɪts ənd ˌprɑpəˈgændə ʃeɪpt wərld wɔr ˈmuviz (ˈbərkli, ˈsiˈeɪ: ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə prɛs, 1990 21 ˈɛdwərd ˈfɔrti jɪrz əv mˈjusə: ðə fɪlm ðət wɑz denied,”*,” ˈʤərnəl əv ɑrˈminiən ˈstədiz 2 ˈjuzɪz ˈdɑkjəmənts frəm ðə ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ˈɑrˌkaɪvz tɪ dɪˈskəs ðə ˈbætəlz ˈoʊvər ˈʃutɪŋ ðə fɪlm ˈdʊrɪŋ 1934 ənd 1935 mɪˈnæʒɪn dɪz nɑt dɪˈskraɪb ðə ðət əˈkərd ə fju jɪrz ˈleɪtər, ənd ˈdɑkjəmənts frəm əˈdɪʃənəl loʊˈkeɪʃənz kəmˈplit ənd ɪkˈspænd ɑr ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə ɪˈvɛnts hi ˈaʊˌtlaɪnd. 6 ˈpitər ˈstɛfən jungk*, frænz: ə laɪf ɪn prɑg, viˈɛnə, ənd ˈhɑliˌwʊd (nu jɔrk: frɑm, 1991 ˈlaɪənəl bi. ˈstaɪmən, frænz feɪθ əv ən ˈɛkˌsaɪl: frəm prɑg tɪ ˈbɛvərli hɪlz (ˈwɔtərˌlu, ɑnˈtɛrioʊ: ˈwɪlfrɪd ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1985 7 frænz, ðə ˈfɔrti deɪz əv mˈjusə 1934 (nu jɔrk: ˈkɛrəl græf, 1983 vii*. 8 ðə truθ ər ənˈtruθ əv mˈjusə ɪz nɑt kənˈsɪdərd hir. fər mɔr ɔn ˈrisərʧ, si ʤɔrʤ schulz-behrend*, ənd ˈbækˌgraʊnd əv ˈnɑvəl daɪ dɪ mˈjusə dagh,”*,” ʤərˈmænɪk ˌrivˈju 26 1951 di. ʤeɪ. ɪnˈraɪt, goʊsts əv eɪps: frænz ðə ˈfɔrti deɪz əv mˈjusə dagh.”*.” ɪn ɪnˈraɪt, ðə ʃɑp: ˈɛˌseɪz ɔn ˈlɪtərəʧər (ˈləndən: ənd ˈwɔrbərg, 1957 mərˈiə li, ““agony*, ˈpeɪθɑs ənd ðə ˈtərkɪʃ saɪd ɪn daɪ dɪ mˈjusə dagh,”*,” ˈpeɪpərz 31 1986 ənd li, “‘“‘defictionalizing’*’ ðə ˈfɔrti deɪz əv mˈjusə dagh,”*,” ðə ɑrˈminiən ˌrivˈju 26 (spərɪŋ 1973 9 jungk*, 10 ibid*., 154 ˈʤɛnəfər ˈmaɪkəlz, frænz ənd ðə ˈkrɪtɪks (kəˈləmbiə, s.c*.: ˈkæmdən haʊs, 1994 ˈbɔstən ˈtrænˌskrɪpt 19 dɪˈsɛmbər 1934 ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˌrivˈju əv ˈlɪtərəʧər 11 8 dɪˈsɛmbər 1934 335 nu jɔrk taɪmz 2 dɪˈsɛmbər 1934 nu jɔrk taɪmz 6 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1936 fər ˈdɪfərɪŋ ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃənz əv ðə ˈnɑtsi ˈɪnfluəns ɔn mˈjusə, si ˈstaɪmən, ənd jungk*, 11 ðə hæd ɪgˈzɪstəd sɪns 1927 ɛz ən ˈɛləmənt əv ðə ˈmeɪʤər studios’*’ treɪd ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən, ðə ˈmoʊʃən ˈpɪkʧər prəˈdusərz ənd dɪˈstrɪbjətərz əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən. ɪts ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈfəŋkʃən wɑz tɪ ˌrivˈju skrɪpts ənd wɔrn prəˈdusərz əv ˈɛni məˈtɪriəl ðət wɑz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi kət baɪ ˈloʊkəl ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp bɔrdz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɔl əv ðə ˈmeɪʤərz sɛnt ðɛr skrɪpts tɪ, ðə bɔrd hæd noʊ paʊər tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs ɪts səˈʤɛsʧənz. nu jɔrk taɪmz 2 dɪˈsɛmbər 1934 ˈhɑliˌwʊd rɪˈpɔrtər 8 mɑrʧ 1934 mɪˈnæʒɪn, 64 fræŋk ˈmɪlər, ˈsɛnsərd ˈhɑliˌwʊd: sɛks, sɪn ˈvaɪələns ɔn skrin (æˈtlæntə, ˈʤɔrʤə: ˈtərnər ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ, ɪŋk., 1994 12 ˈmɑrʤəri ˈhædək tɪ ˈʤoʊzəf aɪ. brin, 26 mɑrʧ 1934 əˈkædəmi əv ˈmoʊʃən ˈpɪkʧər ɑrts ənd ˈsaɪənsɪz ˈlaɪbrɛˌri faɪl (hɪˈræftər əˈbriviˌeɪtɪd faɪl); ˈʤoʊzəf brin tɪ luɪs bi. meɪər, 30 mɑrʧ 1934 faɪl; mɪˈnæʒɪn, 64 13 ʤɑn trumpbour*, ˈsɛlɪŋ ˈhɑliˌwʊd tɪ ðə wərld: juz. ənd ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈstrəgəlz fər ˈmæstəri əv ðə ˈgloʊbəl fɪlm ˈɪndəstri, (nu jɔrk: ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 2002 28 nu jɔrk taɪmz 7 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1935 14 ˈstænfərd ʤeɪ. ʃɔ ənd ʃɔ, ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈɑtəmən ˈɛmpaɪər ənd ˈmɑdərn ˈtərki, vol*. 2 (nu jɔrk: ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1977 309 ˈdɑnəld ˈɛvərət ˈwɛbstər, ðə ˈtərki əv: ˈsoʊʃəl ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪn ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˌrɛfərˈmeɪʃən (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə, pɑ: əˈmɛrɪkən əˈkædəmi əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈsoʊʃəl saɪəns, 1939 24 165 234 mɪˈnæʒɪn, 64 ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən tɪ ˈʤoʊzəf brin, 18 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1934 faɪl. 15 ˈmɪlər, ˈsɛnsərd ˈhɑliˌwʊd, 297 fər mɔr ɔn ðə ˈliʤən əv ˈdisənsi ənd ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ðə, si ˈgrɛgəri di. blæk, ðə ˈkæθlɪk kruˈseɪd əˈgɛnst ðə ˈmuviz, (nu jɔrk: ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1998 16 vərˈaɪəti 3 ˈeɪprəl 1934 vərˈaɪəti 17 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1934 ʤeɪmz heɪ, ˈpɑpjələr fɪlm ˈkəlʧər ɪn ˈfæʃɪst ˈɪtəli: ðə ˈpæsɪŋ əv ðə rɛks (ˈblumɪŋtən, ɪn: ˌɪndiˈænə ˌjunəˈvərsəti prɛs, 1987 70 ruθ ˈvæsi, pɑrts: ˈgloʊbəl ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ənd ðə ˌrɛprəzɛnˈteɪʃən əv ethnicity,”*,” əˈmɛrɪkən kˈwɔrtərli 44 (dɪˈsɛmbər 1992 17 steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌmɛmərˈændəm, 16 noʊˈvɛmbər 1934 ˈnæʃənəl ˈɑrˌkaɪvz ənd ˈrɛkərdz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ˈrɛkərd grup əv steɪt, ˈdɛsəməl faɪl, (hɪˈræftər əˈbriviˌeɪtɪd ˈnɑrə). 18 ˈwɔlɪs ˈməri tɪ wɪl heɪz, 19 noʊˈvɛmbər 1934 ˈnɑrə; ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən tɪ ˈwɔlɪs ˈməri, 22 noʊˈvɛmbər 1934 ˈnɑrə; ˈmɛmət tɪ ˈwɔlɪs ˈməri, 6 dɪˈsɛmbər 1934 ˈnɑrə; ˈrɑbərt pi. ˈskɪnər tɪ ˌkɔrˈdɛl həl, 8 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1935 ˈnɑrə. 19 ɛˈmil ˈlɛŋˌjɛl, ˈtərki (nu jɔrk: ˈrændəm haʊs, 1941 ʃɔ ənd ʃɔ, 20 ˈhɑliˌwʊd rɪˈpɔrtər 20 ˈeɪprəl 1935 ˈmɛmət tɪ ˈwɔlɪs ˈməri, 22 ˈeɪprəl 1935 ˈnɑrə; ˈwɔlɪs ˈməri tɪ ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən, 29 ˈeɪprəl 1935 ˈnɑrə; ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən tɪ ˈʤoʊzəf brin, 29 ˈeɪprəl 1935 faɪl. 21 ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən tɪ ˈʤɛfri shurlock*, 16 meɪ 1935 faɪl; steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌmɛmərˈændəm, 14 meɪ 1935 ˈnɑrə; ˈhɑliˌwʊd rɪˈpɔrtər 7 meɪ 1935 ˈhɑliˌwʊd rɪˈpɔrtər 11 meɪ 1935 ˈhɑliˌwʊd rɪˈpɔrtər 26 ʤun 1935 22 steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌmɛmərˈændəm, 14 meɪ 1935 ˈnɑrə; ˈrɑbərt pi. ˈskɪnər tɪ ˌkɔrˈdɛl həl, 4 ʤun 1935 ˈnɑrə. 23 steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌmɛmərˈændəm, 18 ʤun 1935 ˈnɑrə; ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən tɪ ˈwɔlɪs ˈməri, 24 ʤun 1935 ˈnɑrə. 24 nu jɔrk taɪmz 7 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1935 nu jɔrk taɪmz 29 dɪˈsɛmbər 1935 ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən tɪ ˈʤoʊzəf brin, 25 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1935 faɪl; ˈwɛbstər, 193 steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌmɛmərˈændəm, 5 sɛpˈtɛmbər 1935 ˈnɑrə. 25 mɪˈnæʒɪn, 64 bɑb ˈtɑməs,: laɪf ənd ˈlɛʤənd (ˈgɑrdən ˈsɪti, n.y*.: ˈdəbəlˌdeɪ, 1969 310 ˈsæmjul mɑrks, meɪər ənd: ðə seɪnts (nu jɔrk: ˈrændəm haʊs, 1975 ˈmoʊʃən ˈpɪkʧər ˈhɛrəld 7 dɪˈsɛmbər 1935 vərˈaɪəti 31 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1933 vərˈaɪəti 29 meɪ 1935 vərˈaɪəti 10 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1935 vərˈaɪəti 16 ɑkˈtoʊbər 1935 vərˈaɪəti 16 ˈeɪprəl 1969 26 ˈwɛbstər, 281 ʤi. ˈhaʊlənd ʃɔ tɪ ˌkɔrˈdɛl həl, 10 sɛpˈtɛmbər 1935 faɪl; lɑ 3 sɛpˈtɛmbər 1935 lɑ 9 sɛpˈtɛmbər 1935 ˈheɪbər 3 sɛpˈtɛmbər 1935 trænzˈleɪʃənz əv ðə ˈtərkɪʃ ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˈɑrtɪkəlz əˈpɪr ɪn ðə faɪl. 27 mɪˈnæʒɪn, 70 ˈwɔlɪs ˈməri tɪ wɪl heɪz, 7 sɛpˈtɛmbər 1935 ˈnɑrə. 28 ˈmɛmət tɪ ˈwɔlɪs ˈməri, 4 ɑkˈtoʊbər 1935 ˈnɑrə; ˈrɑbərt pi. ˈskɪnər tɪ ˌkɔrˈdɛl həl, 5 ɑkˈtoʊbər 1935 ˈnɑrə; mɑrks, 247 29 ˈmoʊʃən ˈpɪkʧər ˈhɛrəld 7 dɪˈsɛmbər 1935 ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən tɪ ˈwɔlɪs ˈməri, 17 dɪˈsɛmbər 1935 faɪl; ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən tɪ ˈʤoʊzəf brin, 19 dɪˈsɛmbər 1935 faɪl; ˈʤoʊzəf brin tɪ ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən, 16 dɪˈsɛmbər 1935 faɪl; ˈʤoʊzəf brin tɪ ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri, əˈmɛrɪkən rɛd krɔs, 9 noʊˈvɛmbər 1935 faɪl; ˈʤoʊzəf brin tɪ ˈdəgləs ˈgrisimər, 23 noʊˈvɛmbər 1935 faɪl; væl ˈlutən tɪ ˈʤoʊzəf brin, 8 ʤun 1936 faɪl; steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌmɛmərˈændəm, 17 dɪˈsɛmbər 1935 ˈnɑrə. 30 faɪlz fər ɪt ˈhæpən hir, dɪˈlaɪt 1939 ðə ædˈvɛnʧərz əv ˈmɑrkoʊ ˈpoʊloʊ 1938 ˌblɑˈkeɪd 1938 31 ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən tɪ ˈʤoʊzəf brin, 13 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1939 faɪl; steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌmɛmərˈændəm, 11 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1939 ˈnɑrə. 32 steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌmɛmərˈændəm, 15 dɪˈsɛmbər 1938 ˈnɑrə; steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌmɛmərˈændəm, 20 dɪˈsɛmbər 1938 ˈnɑrə; ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən tɪ ˈʤoʊzəf brin, 27 dɪˈsɛmbər 1938 faɪl; ˈʤoʊzəf brin tɪ ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən, 3 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1939 faɪl. 33 steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌmɛmərˈændəm, 11 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1939 ˈnɑrə; ˈfrɛdərɪk ˈhɛrən tɪ ˈʤoʊzəf brin, 13 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1939 faɪl. 34 ˈɛrɪk ˈʤɑnsən tɪ ˈʤoʊzəf brin, 23 ɑkˈtoʊbər 1950 faɪl; ˈʤoʊzəf brin tɪ ˈɛrɪk ˈʤɑnsən, 26 ɑkˈtoʊbər 1950 faɪl; ˈhɑliˌwʊd rɪˈpɔrtər 10 ˈeɪprəl 1969 vərˈaɪəti 16 ˈeɪprəl 1969 35 ˈɔθər ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˈæləks, 5 ˈɔgəst 2004 36 ibid*.; vərˈaɪəti 25 noʊˈvɛmbər 1987 ðə fɪlm ɪz əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ˈvɪdioʊ. 37 ˈhɑliˌwʊd rɪˈpɔrtər 10 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1989 lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs taɪmz 18 noʊˈvɛmbər 2002 ˈdeɪvɪd ɪz ən əˈsɪstənt prəˈfɛsər əv ˈhɪstəri æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈsɛntrəl ˈɑrkənˌsɑ ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪŋ ɪn mæs ˈkəlʧər, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli fɪlm, mæs ˈmidiə, ənd spɔrts. hi ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn bʊks əˈbaʊt ˈkəlʧər ənd ˈhɑliˌwʊd ɔn ðə iv əv wərld wɔr. ˈɪmɪʤ ˈditeɪl: mɑrʧ əv ðə ˈpɛŋgwənz, frəm ðə ˈkəvər əv fɪlm kˈwɔrtərli
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by david welky
from film quarterly spring 2006: volume 59, no. 3
motion pictures play a significant role in determining how people around the world perceive their own and other societies. governments have therefore been sensitive to cinematic portrayals of their countries and are quick to complain when they feel that a movie treats their citizens poorly. an example of this occurred in 2002, when canadian-armenian writer-director atom egoyan released ararat, a fictional depiction of efforts to make a movie about the 1914 massacre of armenians in the turkish city of van. egoyan supplemented this film-within-a-film structure with subplots that considered the tragedy’s effects on future generations and pondered the relationship between history and memory. it was the first major picture to examine the turkish genocide of one-and-a-half million armenians during world war i.1
turkey had long insisted that there was no organized campaign to eradicate armenians and strongly opposed suggestions to the contrary. ararat touched offa new round of angry denials and charges of hate mon-gering. egoyan received a flood of hostile emails and detractors set up web sites that disputed his movie’s truthfulness. turks in canada and elsewhere threatened to boycott all films from the film’s distributor, miramax, and its parent company, disney. there were rumors that the turkish government would take legal action to bar the picture worldwide. state minister yilmaz karakoyunlu told the ankara daily news that “turkey will do everything possible against this film. it is a shameful production.”2
many were understandably surprised when, after attending ararat’s premiere at the cannes film festival, an organizer of the istanbul film festival announced that he would push to screen the movie in his homeland. turkey’s culture and tourism minister, erkan mumcu, agreed that his country could “easily tolerate such things” and argued that a “strong reaction to this movie would only help keep the subject on the agenda.” he demanded only that a scene of ottoman soldiers raping armenian women be cut, as it violated turkey’s law forbidding depictions of soldiers in uniform committing war crimes.3
turkey’s new tolerance stemmed from the recent election of a moderate government that was eager to bolster the country’s bid to join the european union by allowing more freedom of expression. just days before ararat was scheduled to open in ankara and istanbul, however, the film’s turkish distributor yanked it in response to pressure from ulku ocaklari, a right-wing nationalist party with ties to paramilitary groups. the extremists had warned people planning to attend the movie that “whoever wants to destroy the unity of this nation and the will of our existence should be ready to pay the price.” aris balbikian, a spokesman for canadian-armenians, saw deep political, social, and cultural meaning in this battle. “turkey is searching for its soul,” he explained. “there are some elements who like what’s happening in turkey: the democratizing of human rights, freedom of speech and freedom of the press. they want the healthy discussion and dialogue a film like ararat would bring.”4
history has a funny way of repeating itself. although no one seemed to remember it, this was not the first time a celluloid version of the alleged armenian genocide had aroused nationalistic feelings, international debate, and discussions of art’s role in the world of realpolitik. almost 70 years earlier, talk of a cinematic rendition of franz werfel’s novel the forty days of musa dagh (die vierzig tage des musa dagh, 1933) had touched off a controversy even more intense, passionate, and dangerous than that inspired by ararat.
major american movie studios spent 48 years trying to film the novel, only to be derailed by a series of domestic and international obstacles. an examination of this struggle, which was particularly intense during the depression of the 1930s, illuminates the political, social, and economic issues that hollywood faced in this time of global crisis. it also demonstrates the perils inherent in american dominance of the world market. the film capital’s unprecedented capability to spread powerful images and messages made it an obvious target for attacks from nationalistic groups concerned by its depictions of their homelands. the majors’ need for overseas revenue, which accounted for around 40 percent of their profits, left them vulnerable to such assaults and, as the example of musa dagh shows, fearful of making any film that might offend anyone.5
franz werfel was born in prague in 1890, the son of wealthy members of the city’s german-speaking jewish community. he was a dreamy and distracted boy who reveled in literature, theater, and opera. the life of a writer, which allowed for late nights at the opera and long visits to cafés with franz kafka and other colleagues, appealed to his dislike of structure and schedule. he published his first collection of poems, the friend of the world, to great acclaim in 1911. he kept writing during his service with the austrian army during world war i. his greatest military talent seemed to be his ability to avoid combat duty. assignments to military offices in prague, vienna, and switzerland left him with abundant time to write. his fame grew after the war: juarez and maximilian, his 1924 drama of the mexican revolution, established him as a formidable playwright. such prose works as verdi: a novel of the opera (1923) and the pure at heart (1929) won him even more popular acclaim.6
the inspiration for his best-known work came during a 1930 visit to the middle east. while touring damascus, he encountered a group of crippled and emaciated armenians orphaned by a turkish massacre. although werfel had read reports of the genocide during the war, this was the first time its human impact truly registered with him. he spent the rest of his trip locating survivors and listening to their stories. from them he learned of the heroic resistance on musa dagh (mountain of moses), where some 5,000 armenians held off a turkish force for 53 days before being rescued by french and british ships. fascinated, werfel determined to write a novel about the siege of musa dagh and the larger armenian genocide.7
the forty days of musa dagh centers on gabriel bagradian, a wealthy armenian who spent 22 years in paris before returning to his ancestral village with his french wife, juliette, and his son, stephen. his homecoming coincides with the first stages of a methodical campaign to wipe out the ottoman empire’s armenian population. gabriel rallies the villagers and leads them to musa dagh, where they fight starvation, internal disputes, and the turkish army in a desperate struggle for survival. while clearly sympathizing with the armenians, werfel’s book included both humanitarian turks and mean-spirited armenians. it blamed the atrocities on the actions of turks, armenians, and europeans alike.8
the novel won high praise in austria and switzerland. it found less favor in germany, the author’s adopted country. many of musa daghh’s european readers saw a connection between the persecution of turkey’s armenian minority and the nazis’ rhetoric toward the jews. although the nazis agreed with this analysis and therefore disapproved of the novel, they lacked either the authority or the will to block its publication. the book sold well in germany until february of 1934, when the nazis succumbed to pressure from the turkish government and agreed to halt its sales, ostensibly as a threat to public order and safety.9
however, neither the germans nor the turks could prevent the translation of musa dagh into english. it appeared in the united states in the fall of 1934 and rose to the top of the best-seller list. the book of the month club made it a featured selection, helping to push american sales to around 150,000. armenian americans viewed werfel as a hero—“a friend god has sent”—and mobbed him when he visited the united states in late 1935. reviewers also responded positively. the boston transcript called it “a book to read, re-read and read again.” writing in the saturday review of literature, william saroyan lamented that while musa dagh was long (817 pages), “in swiftness of movement it is all too short. reading it, one hopes it might never end.” many american critics saw connections between werfel’s book and current events even though it was, and still is, unclear whether the author intended to allude to nazi germany. the new york times‘ john chamberlain interpreted musa daghhs plea for protection of minorities as “a burning, bitter and inspired protest against the young turk proclivities of the german nazi movement.” louis kronenberger insisted that “it is hard not to read between the lines,” noting “the extremely close parallel between the plight of the armenians under the turks and that of the jews under hitler.”10
kronenberger also observed that, “if hollywood does not mar and mishandle” the novel, “it should make a magnificent movie.” hollywood was in fact already hard at work on transforming the book into a film. metro goldwyn mayer paid werfel $15,000 for the screen rights in early 1934—a considerable sum for a novel that had not yet been published in the united states—and sent a 52-page synopsis to joseph breen’s studio relations committee (src) in march of 1934.11 an mgm reader labeled musa dagh “an epic of exceptional strength; a combination of grim reality and colorful romance with a background that permits almost every variation and adaptation.” the reader did not anticipate any international difficulties. neither did the src. breen informed mgm head louis b. mayer that this “gripping and interesting historical epic” would present “no serious difficulty from the foreign angle” so long as the scenes of turkish persecution were not too graphic.12
mgm and breen’s benevolent reports suggest startling naïveté and an inability to grasp the importance other countries put on its products. this was surprising because american studios had dealt with overseas animosity before. mexico, for example, had briefly banned american films in 1922 after tiring of cinematic representations of its people as greasers and ragged outlaws. several other latin-american countries followed its lead. italy had recently forced mgm to cut a scene that showed an organ grinder warbling in nonsensical italian from every print of have a heart (1934) distributed within europe.13
nevertheless, with the src’s approval in hand, mayer put his son-in-law, david o. selznick (who had been brought in to produce for mgm after irving thalberg suffered a heart attack in 1933), in charge of the movie. selznick was the first to sense the danger in the project. he decided to soft-pedal the novel’s message by putting the blame for the atrocities on a single turk, rather than on turkey as a whole. he also asked frederick herron, the motion picture producers and distributors of america’s (mppda) new york-based foreign manager, to let the turkish government know that mgm was planning to film musa dagh. herron recognized the movie was a potential lightning rod that could have a terrible impact on the entire industry. bypassing the california-based selznick, he plotted strategy with william orr, who worked in mgm’s new york offices, before contacting the turks. herron suggested moving the film’s setting back 20 years to disassociate it from anyone currently in the turkish government and emphasized the importance of depicting the turks as “outstanding fine characters.” he implored mgm to treat the “french-turk situation” with extreme care. the two countries were close allies. the turks emulated elements of france’s culture, language, educational system, and military structure, and france was a major player in turkish financial affairs. should turkey boycott the film, it could persuade france to join it. “while the turkish market does not amount to much financially,” herron reminded orr, “our french market is a very important one.” herron worried that, in this age of rising nationalism, “any place in the world today is in a position to fan a flame that can start a big bonfire motion picturewise.”14
herron’s admonition came in the midst of larger domestic and international challenges that were changing the way hollywood did business. religious and civic groups had long accused the film industry of poisoning americans’ morals with movies that glamorized vice, crime, sex, and violence. the major studios had responded to these complaints with self-censorship programs—including the src—designed to prove that they did not require government intervention. voluntary codes, however, did little to alter the content of motion pictures or placate the moralists, whose outrage only grew as hollywood churned out lurid sex comedies and violent gangster films in the early 1930s.
matters came to a head in 1934. in april, a group of catholic bishops, egged on by a frustrated joseph breen, formed the legion of decency and encouraged their congregations to boycott movies that the new group deemed immoral. other religious and civic organizations joined in, and hollywood’s receipts plummeted as much as 40 percent in some cities. the empty theaters terrified the movie moguls, who took drastic action to save their skins. on july 1, 1934, they installed breen at the helm of a new production code administration (pca). unlike the src, the pca had teeth. mppda members, which included all of the major studios, could not release or distribute a film without the pca’s seal of approval. among the more important articles in the newly enforced production code was one requiring that “the history, institutions, prominent people and citizenry of other nations …be represented fairly.” it was an ambiguous clause that the pca interpreted broadly in the hopes of protecting the industry’s economic interests by ensuring that its products did not offend any national, religious, or ethnic group.15
hollywood’sial interest in musa dagh also coincided with a rising tide of nationalism in europe. as hitler’s forces consolidated their hold on germany, they tried to purify the country’s culture by abolishing foreign influences; by mid-1934, hollywood movies were banned with regularity. italy had recently hiked taxes on foreign films and established a quota system requiring exhibitors to show at least one italian-made movie for every three new productions they screened. the world market was becoming less accommodating at a time when hollywood needed it most. with their domestic market struggling in the midst of the great depression, the industry’s leaders were increasingly willing to appease any force that threatened the foreign revenues they needed to maintain profitability.16
turkey announced its interest in the cinematic version of musa dagh in november 1934, just days before the novel hit american bookstores. turkish ambassador to the united states mehmet münir ertegün voiced his displeasure with the project to the state department’s head of near eastern affairs, wallace murray, even though he knew that the american government had no official power to halt it. mehmet münir worried that the movie would give “a distorted version of the alleged massacres” that would stir up anti-turkish sentiments and asked murray to work informally to block it. murray assured him that the studios were eager to avoid a conflict and was confident that the matter could be resolved.17
even though murray was unfamiliar with musa dagh—both he and mehmet münir thought that paramount owned the rights—he knew whom to contact. mppda president will hays was hollywood’s top troubleshooter. the former postmaster general had extensive political connections and was accustomed to dealing with domestic and international crises. murray passed along mehmet münir’s concerns and asked whether paramount was indeed producing musa dagh. hays, in turn, leaned on frederick herron to nip the dispute in the bud. the foreign manager assured murray that mgm planned to focus on the relationship between gabriel, the leader of the besieged armenians, and his french family. not only did the script avoid dwelling on “the armenian massacre,” he explained, it “did not refer to it at all.” herron promised to keep an eye on the film and insisted that “there will be nothing included in it that could offend the turkish ambassador or his countrymen.” mehmet münir seemed satisfied, and the affair appeared to blow over. a relieved robert skinner, america’s ambassador to turkey, congratulated the state department for ensuring that the production would not cause him any headaches down the road.18
turkey had good reasons to scrutinize hollywood. with its graphic scenes of armenian sufferings and turkish atrocities, the forty days of musa dagh was a potential public-relations disaster at a time when turkey was deeply concerned about its image. under kemal atatürk’s leadership, post-world war i turkey had undergone a series of reforms designed to align it with the west. it abandoned theocracy, adopted the latin alphabet, granted equal rights to women, and developed a progressive system of public education. atatürk also worked to ensure stability by building a spirit of turkish, rather than arabic or ottoman, identity. the government, the press, and the schools battled centuries of european scorn by boosting national self-esteem with triumphant narratives of turkish civilization and history. musa dagh’s storyline veered wildly from the party line. if exhibited on the world’s theater screens, it could undercut turkish efforts to cultivate a patriotic citizenry and win western acceptance. turkish efforts at modernization, moreover, needed help from abroad. many of its cities had been devastated by years of war, and the country could not plan and pay for infrastructure improvements and industrialization without aid. a film like musa dagh could reinforce long-held stereotypes and convince westerners to seek out more promising opportunities for their investments and expertise.19
a piece in the hollywood reporter reignited the dispute in april of 1935. the article claimed that mgm was proceeding with musa dagh and had approached william wellman to direct. the turks heard from other sources that the script mentioned turkish atrocities. mehmet münir shot off a letter to the state department demanding that it prevent mgm from making the movie. murray took up the matter with herron, who blamed the reporter article on an “enthusiastic publicity man” and assured the division chief that mgm would not be so foolish as to raise the thorny issue of genocide. herron’s faith in mgm’s wisdom was less than absolute. he privately asked joseph breen to monitor the project from his hollywood office.20
the problem did not go away, and herron found himself shuttling between the participants in the drama. feeling betrayed and angered by the film’s reemergence, mehmet münir told herron that turkey would ban musa dagh no matter what scenes it cut. although he accepted herron’s offer to send a script to the embassy, he did not indicate that the script had any chance of winning his approval. herron, on the other hand, refused to pressure mgm to shut down its production when mehmet münir gave his inevitable disapproval. mgm tossed gasoline on the flames by announcing musa dagh as a major feature on its upcoming 1935–1936 schedule and promoting it with an essay-writing contest in modern screen magazine.21
fearing that musa dagh could poison u.s.-turkish relations, division chief murray begged herron to stop the madness. he explained that the film would be banned in turkey. he explained that the film would be banned in germany. he explained that the film would be banned in the balkans. none of his arguments affected herron, whose only real fear was that turkey would persuade france to ban it. meanwhile, turkish newspapers began running anti-american articles and calling for boycotts of all mgm films. a frazzled ambassador skinner, who had been kept out of the loop, cabled to the state department: “revival armenian question can serve no useful purpose.”murray could not have agreed more.22
after failing to make headway with the mppda or the state department, mehmet münir turned his attention to mgm itself. the studio dispatched one of its vice presidents, j. robert rubin, to meet with the furious ambassador. mehmet münir informed rubin in no uncertain terms that “turkish honor” was on the line. his country would ban not only musa dagh, but all mgm films, if the studio went forward with the project. rubin, who had likely read neither the book nor the screenplay and therefore did not fully understand the controversy, left a copy of mgm’s scenario with the ambassador. he seemed to feel he had accomplished something.23
momentum continued to run against the studio, which seemed unable to coordinate its words on the east coast with its actions on the west coast. fearing that the movie would inspire a new round of ethnic hatred, many in turkey’s armenian community began protesting mgm’s production. in late july, istanbul’s board of censors, which represented turkey’s largest movie market, voted to shut out all mgm products if the studio made musa dagh. rumors abounded that turkey was trying to convince france to do the same. fearing a major international incident and wanting to keep his government clear of the fray, murray told anyone who would listen that he had made it “perfectly clear” to mgm that “unfortunate repercussions might follow” if it pushed the film forward.24
mgm’s irving thalberg had been a fan of musa dagh from the start and had urged louis b. mayer to purchase the rights to it. by mid-1935 he had recovered to the point where he was ready to take control of musa dagh from selznick. the producer resented both turkey’s and new york’s interference in his affairs. he had already agreed to selznick’s plan to place the blame upon one turk and saw no need for further concessions. “to hell with the turks,” he complained. “i’m going to make the picture anyway.” he envisioned a lavish spectacle and penciled in clark gable and william powell as the stars. mayer did not see matters the same way and, facing pressure from both new york and washington, was starting to sour on the project. thalberg was livid. “what can the turks do if we make musa dagh?” he asked. “okay, let them keep us out of their 30 theaters.” mayer agreed that the turkish market was unimportant, but he could not bear the prospect of losing france, which accounted for about ten percent of mgm’s foreign revenues. he and the other movie moguls were already reeling from signs that the french might impose quotas or raise taxes on american films and hesitated to alienate either france or the state department, which would be an essential ally in any fight to preserve mgm’s economic interests.25
the turkish press added to mayer’s discomfort by launching a new barrage of attacks in september 1935. joseph breen passed these articles on to mgm as a not-so-subtle way of expressing his distaste for the studio’s stubbornness. pieces in la république, haber, and son posta slammed werfel’s novel as maliciously bad history and called for boycotts of mgm films. to patronize mgm would be akin to “feeding a serpent in our very bosom.” the press accused werfel and mgm of circulating outdated stereotypes that could irreparably harm turkey’s reputation among europeans and americans. “we thought that we were their equals and were recognized as such by them,” la république complained. “we were deceived in believing that their opinion of us had changed.” equally unnerving were the press’s references to werfel as “a shameless jew” and to mgm as a jewish-dominated corporation. anti-semitism was on the rise in turkey, and there was talk of relocating jews to the hinterlands as a way of diffusing tension. some in the american government suspected that vedat nedim tor, turkey’s director general of the press, was behind such attacks. vedat nadim had studied propaganda under josef goebbels, a fact that gave the newspaper campaign’s “under-current of anti-semitism” an even more sinister tinge.26
sensing his strong position and the americans’ unwillingness to offend him, mehmet münir pushed the crisis further. in a letter to secretary of state cordell hull, the ambassador once again denounced the production and demanded that the u.s. government either stop it or face a break in u.s.-turkish relations. in response, hull ordered wallace murray to broker a solution by going straight to the top. murray accordingly demanded will hays’ assistance in “disposing of a question which appears to be assuming very large proportions in the minds of the officials at ankara.” hays, who understood the importance of maintaining strong relations with the state department better than most in hollywood, promised the mppda’s cooperation and increased its efforts to force the renegade studio to comply.27
the attacks from the turkish press, the fear of losing the french market, the disapproval of the hays office, and the need to stay on the state department’s good side finally crushed mgm’s resistance. in early october 1935, william orr admitted to ambassador mehmet münir that filming musa daghh, “whatever modifications it might be subjected to, could not but be harmful from every standpoint.” mehmet münir extended his “best thanks and hearty appreciation” to wallace murray for the state department’s support and assured him that his actions had created “an excellent impression in my country.” american ambassador skinner was equally thankful that the state department’s actions had such a “happy effect.” the only person to voice his unhappiness was thalberg. “we’ve lost our guts,” he complained, “and when that happens to a studio, you can kiss it good-bye.”28
turkey maintained its close watch on mgm. any mention of the film in the hollywood trade press brought a new round of inquiries from mehmet münir and a new round of denials that mgm was considering the project. and yet it was not completely dead. thalberg still wanted to make the movie and lobbied rubin and other mgm executives in new york to get on board. joseph breen also had some inexplicable interest in continuing. in late 1935, he asked the american red cross for information on armenian relief efforts during and immediately after world war i. he explained, unfortunately without elaborating, that the material might be of use in the musa dagh screenplay. perhaps he hoped to find a way for mgm to use the well-known title while completely changing the focus of the story. david o. selznick, by now an independent producer, briefly considered reviving the film in 1936. it was hard to let go of a property with such earning potential, but fears of arousing a new diplomatic crisis ensured that these talks went nowhere.29
after the musa dagh debacle, hollywood accommodated the demands of foreign governments over the next few years. mgm cancelled shooting it can’t happen here to avoid antagonizing germany and defanged the anti-war comedy idiot’s delight (1939) to appease overseas opposition. sam goldwyn went through similar contortions during the production of the adventures of marco polo (1938). the fear of retribution led hollywood to nearly ignore the spanish civil war. walter wanger’s blockade (1938) came closest to exploring its issues and impact, but the dangers of angering spain, the catholic church, germany, italy, latin america, and anyone in the united states who worried about their country being dragged into another conflict forced wanger to create a confusing and ambiguous film that refused to name the sides or explain what they were fighting about.30
changing circumstances, however, returned the forty days of musa dagh to the forefront in late 1938. the nazis had by this point barred most american pictures from germany and its conquered territories, and restrictive legislation in italy would force the studios to abandon that market at the end of the year. with its european revenues disappearing anyway, mgm toyed with the idea of finally filming the best-selling novel in the hopes of racking up big domestic profits. mayer was interested, but not enough to inform the company’s new york office that he was considering the controversial subject again. the trade press soon caught wind of the story and the turkish diplomats again descended on the state department, which—worried that mgm’s willingness to “disregard all scruples” would imperil other american businesses operating in turkey—quickly clamped down on the studio.31 using herron as its primary contact, the department made it clear that mgm should “do nothing to aggravate our relationship” with the turks. herron, who had read the same press reports as the turks and had no desire to see musa dagh go forward, had already enlisted breen to snoop around hollywood. breen confirmed that work on the script was proceeding but also gained assurances that mgm would stop if the government had “serious objections.”32
herron was furious that mgm had again put him in an awkward position. the foreign manager relayed breen’s findings to washington along with assurances that the mppda would do whatever was necessary to kill the production. faced with a united front of opposition, mgm dropped the project for the second time. it was a decision that contained a deep and troubling irony. many who read musa dagh interpreted it as a parable of hitler’s treatment of the jews. by not shooting the film, selznick, thalberg, mayer, rubin, and other hollywood jews were ignoring the lesson of the book. they turned their backs on the alleged armenian massacre just as the rest of the world turned its back on the fate of german jews.33
world war ii reshaped the world, but turkish attitudes toward musa dagh remained unchanged. word that hollywood was planning to shoot the movie spread again in 1950, and again the turkish embassy complained that such a film “would do irreparable harm to the relationship between turkey and the united states.” even though the rumors proved untrue, turkey’s strong reaction suggested that the subject was still a sore spot. and yet the project would not die. pandro s. berman, joseph pasternak, walter wanger, and many others considered producing it in the following years. by 1969, when jerry gershwin and elliott kastner productions announced musa dagh yet again, it had become “the most ‘on again, off again’ major literary property in the history of american motion pictures.” mgm had spent a reported $1 million in scriptwriting fees, producer costs, and various other expenses since purchasing the rights in 1934. not surprisingly, gershwin and kastner’s company never shot a foot of film.34
mgm eventually sold the rights to california real-estate developer and hollywood novice john kurkjian. even though he had never been on a movie set, kurkjian still believed he could turn musa dagh into a profitable film that would make him a hero in the armenian community. he waited for studios to knock on his door with lucrative production deals. they never did. after holding the title for about a decade, kurkjian found himself in a jam. his agreement with mgm stated that the rights would revert to the studio if he did not make the movie within a given time. in 1982, just six weeks before the deadline, he decided to make it himself. he hired a young screenwriter named alex hakobian, dumped nearly a dozen versions of musa dagh scripts on his desk, and demanded that he “take the best from each one and make a great screenplay.”35
hakobian did what he could to turn out a respectable screenplay, but the film never had a chance of meeting the grand expectations that mgm once had for it. kurkjian’s promises of a budget of $8 to $10 million evaporated, forcing director sarky mouradian to rip out scene after scene in order to save money. he shot musa dagh in the foothills of malibu for about $1 million—roughly the amount mgm budgeted for it back in 1934. the resulting movie was a slapped-together farce that lacked cohesiveness. it never had a theatrical release and was savaged by the few critics who bothered to see it. variety called it “a dreary little film that does no justice to its weighty subject.”36
german director ottokar runze later gained control of the rights and, in 1989, a west german company announced plans to film a $25-million version of the novel. runze has not yet made his movie. at this time, ararat is the only movie about the armenian genocide that has appeared in american theaters. ironically, mgm again played an obstructionist role, as miramax agreed to distribute the $11-million picture only after mgm’s chief executive, alex yemenidjian, decided that “economically it did not make much sense” for his studio to handle it.37
yemenidjian’s concern reflects the ethos that has always driven hollywood. it is also indicative of a side of the industry that the public has long been willing to overlook. few fans had even the slightest awareness of the international ruckus mgm provoked in 1934 and struggled to manage for the rest of the decade. it barely registered even in the trade press. most were interested only in what appeared on the screen; the political and economic machinations that lurked backstage were irrelevant. to ignore the dream factory’s intrigues and maneuverings, however, is to ignore the forces that determine what could and could not appear in theaters. the actions of both hollywood and washington show that artistic integrity and ideological content took a back seat to financial reality even during those most ideological of times. when faced with the choice of exposing the sufferings of the past or preserving financial and political peace in the present, power brokers on both coasts chose the latter. the history of the forty days of musa dagh reveals a hollywood straining to understand its place in a complex world of high emotions and competing interests. mgm’s difficulties in navigating these choppy waters indicate that the industry had not yet learned the rules to what was indeed a very tricky game. the state of the world at the end of the 1930s suggested that even more dangerous shoals lay ahead.
notes
1. turkey still denies that there was an organized plan to eliminate the armenian people during world war i and, although most historians argue the contrary, some agree. the reality, unreality, or exaggeration of the armenian genocide, however, is irrelevant here and will not be taken up in this essay.
2. variety (13–19 may 2002); interview with atom egoyan, “n.p.r. weekend edition” (1 september 2002); new york times (7 june 2002).
3. ottawa citizen (31 december 2003); victoria (b.c.) times colonist (7 january 2004).
4. toronto star (6 january 2004); victoria (b.c.) times colonist (7 january 2004).
5. clayton r. koppes and gregory d. black, hollywood goes to war: how politics, profits and propaganda shaped world war ii movies (berkeley, ca: university of california press, 1990), 21. edward minasian’s “the forty years of musa dagh: the film that was denied,” journal of armenian studies 2 (fall/winter 1985–1986): 63–73, uses documents from the mgm archives to discuss the battles over shooting the film during 1934 and 1935. minasian does not describe the flare-up that occurred a few years later, and documents from additional locations complete and expand our understanding of the events he outlined.
6. peter stephan jungk, franz werfel: a life in prague, vienna, and hollywood (new york: fromm, 1991), 3–61, 99–126; lionel b. steiman, franz werfel—the faith of an exile: from prague to beverly hills (waterloo, ontario: wilfrid laurier university press, 1985), 9–18.
7. franz werfel, the forty days of musa dagh (1934) (new york: carroll & graf, 1983), vii.
8. the truth or untruth of musa dagh is not considered here. for more on werfel’s research, see george schulz-behrend, “sources and background of werfel’s novel die vierzig tage des musa dagh,” germanic review 26 (1951): 111–23; d. j. enright, “the ghosts of apes: franz werfel’s the forty days of musa dagh.” in enright, the apothecary’s shop: essays on literature (london: secker and warburg, 1957), 145–67; maria berl lee, “agony, pathos and the turkish side in werfel’s die vierzig tage des musa dagh,” philological papers 31 (1986): 58–65; and lee, “‘defictionalizing’ the forty days of musa dagh,” the armenian review 26 (spring 1973): 3–59.
9. jungk, 137–45.
10. ibid., 154; jennifer michaels, franz werfel and the critics (columbia, s.c.: camden house, 1994), 87–88; boston transcript (19 december 1934); saturday review of literature 11 (8 december 1934): 335; new york times (2 december 1934); new york times (6 january 1936). for differing interpretations of the nazi influence on musa dagh, see steiman, 70–83 and jungk, 137–42.
11. the src had existed since 1927 as an element of the major studios’ trade organization, the motion picture producers and distributors association. its primary function was to review scripts and warn producers of any material that was likely to be cut by local censorship boards. although all of the majors sent their scripts to src, the board had no power to enforce its suggestions. new york times (2 december 1934); hollywood reporter (8 march 1934); minasian, 64; frank miller, censored hollywood: sex, sin & violence on screen (atlanta, ga: turner publishing, inc., 1994), 52–53, 78–79.
12. marjorie haddock to joseph i. breen, 26 march 1934, academy of motion picture arts and sciences library pca file (hereafter abbreviated ampas pca file); joseph breen to louis b. mayer, 30 march 1934, ampas pca file; minasian, 64.
13. john trumpbour, selling hollywood to the world: u.s. and european struggles for mastery of the global film industry, 1920–1950 (new york: cambridge university press, 2002), 28; new york times (7 july 1935).
14. stanford j. shaw and ezel kural shaw, history of the ottoman empire and modern turkey, vol. 2 (new york: cambridge university press, 1977), 309; donald everett webster, the turkey of atatürk: social process in the turkish reformation (philadelphia, pa: american academy of political and social science, 1939), 24, 165, 234; minasian, 64; frederick herron to joseph breen, 18 july 1934, ampas pca file.
15. miller, censored hollywood, 81–83, 297. for more on the legion of decency and the creation of the pca, see gregory d. black, the catholic crusade against the movies, 1940–1975 (new york: cambridge university press, 1998).
16. variety (3 april 1934); variety (17 july 1934); james hay, popular film culture in fascist italy: the passing of the rex (bloomington, in: indiana university press, 1987), 70; ruth vasey, “foreign parts: hollywood’s global distribution and the representation of ethnicity,” american quarterly 44 (december 1992): 618–20.
17. state department memorandum, 16 november 1934, national archives and records administration, record group 59—department of state, decimal file, 1930–1939 (hereafter abbreviated nara).
18. wallace murray to will hays, 19 november 1934, nara; frederick herron to wallace murray, 22 november 1934, nara; mehmet münir to wallace murray, 6 december 1934, nara; robert p. skinner to cordell hull, 8 january 1935, nara.
19. emil lengyel, turkey (new york: random house, 1941), 400–30; shaw and shaw, 375–88.
20. hollywood reporter (20 april 1935); mehmet münir ertegün to wallace murray, 22 april 1935, nara; wallace murray to frederick herron, 29 april 1935, nara; frederick herron to joseph breen, 29 april 1935, ampas pca file.
21. frederick herron to geoffrey shurlock, 16 may 1935, ampas pca file; state department memorandum, 14 may 1935, nara; hollywood reporter (7 may 1935); hollywood reporter (11 may 1935); hollywood reporter (26 june 1935).
22. state department memorandum, 14 may 1935, nara; robert p. skinner to cordell hull, 4 june 1935, nara.
23. state department memorandum, 18 june 1935, nara; frederick herron to wallace murray, 24 june 1935, nara.
24. new york times (7 july 1935); new york times (29 december 1935); frederick herron to joseph breen, 25 july 1935, ampas pca file; webster, 193; state department memorandum, 5 september 1935, nara.
25. minasian, 64; bob thomas, thalberg: life and legend (garden city, n.y.: doubleday, 1969), 310; samuel marx, mayer and thalberg: the make-believe saints (new york: random house, 1975), 245–46; motion picture herald (7 december 1935); variety (31 january 1933); variety (29 may 1935); variety (10 july 1935); variety (16 october 1935); variety (16 april 1969).
26. webster, 281; g. howland shaw to cordell hull, 10 september 1935, ampas pca file; la république (3 september 1935); la république (9 september 1935); haber (3 september 1935). translations of the turkish newspaper articles appear in the ampas pca file.
27. minasian, 70; wallace murray to will hays, 7 september 1935, nara.
28. mehmet münir ertegün to wallace murray, 4 october 1935, nara; robert p. skinner to cordell hull, 5 october 1935, nara; marx, 247.
29. motion picture herald (7 december 1935); frederick herron to wallace murray, 17 december 1935, ampas pca file; frederick herron to joseph breen, 19 december 1935, ampas pca file; joseph breen to frederick herron, 16 december 1935, ampas pca file; joseph breen to executive secretary, american red cross, 9 november 1935, ampas pca file; joseph breen to douglas griesemer, 23 november 1935, ampas pca file; val lewton to joseph breen, 8 june 1936, ampas pca file; state department memorandum, 17 december 1935, nara.
30. ampas pca files for it can’t happen here, idiot’s delight (1939), the adventures of marco polo (1938), blockade (1938).
31. frederick herron to joseph breen, 13 january 1939, ampas pca file; state department memorandum, 11 january 1939, nara.
32. state department memorandum, 15 december 1938, nara; state department memorandum, 20 december 1938, nara; frederick herron to joseph breen, 27 december 1938, ampas pca file; joseph breen to frederick herron, 3 january 1939, ampas pca file.
33. state department memorandum, 11 january 1939, nara; frederick herron to joseph breen, 13 january 1939, ampas pca file.
34. eric johnson to joseph breen, 23 october 1950, ampas pca file; joseph breen to eric johnson, 26 october 1950, ampas pca file; hollywood reporter (10 april 1969); variety (16 april 1969).
35. author interview with alex hakobian, 5 august 2004.
36. ibid.; variety (25 november 1987). the film is available on video.
37. hollywood reporter (10 july 1989); los angeles times (18 november 2002).
david welky is an assistant professor of history at the university of central arkansas specializing in twentieth-century mass culture, particularly film, mass media, and sports. he is currently working on books about depression-era culture and hollywood on the eve of world war ii.
image detail: march of the penguins, from the cover of film quarterly 59:4
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ðoʊz hu wɔnt ʤɪst kwɪk ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz, goʊ tɪ dɪˈrɛkli. aɪ hæv bɑks wɪθ ˌɪnˈstɔld ɪn ɪt. aɪ æm ˈjuzɪŋ ɪt fər ˈbæˌkəp ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ɛz ˈsərvər. ðɪs ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi swɪʧt ɔn fər soʊ aɪ θɔt əv ˈædɪŋ ə ˈmɑnətər tɪ ðɪs ˈhɛdləs dɪˈvaɪs ənd juz ɪt ɛz ə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ freɪm ˈɔlsoʊ. ðə ʤɑb ɪz ˈsɪmpələr ðən aɪ ɪkˈspɛktɪd. tɪ noʊ mɔr ɔn maɪ ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ˈsɛˌtəp, ˌɪnˈstɔlɪŋ ənd kənˈfɪgjərɪŋ ˈbæˌkəp ənd rɪˈfər hir. ðoʊ aɪ hæv ə bɑks, ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz ər ˈæpləkəbəl tɪ ˈɛni ˈlɪnəks məˈʃin wɪθ ˌɪnˈstɔld. ðə ˈbæˌkəp ˈdætə ɔn ðɪs məˈʃin wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ɔl maɪ məˈʃinz ɪn hoʊm ˈnɛtˌwərk sərvz ɛz sɔrs fər ˈfoʊˌtoʊ freɪm ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti. ɪn keɪs ju wɔnt, ʤɪst ˌɪnˈstɔl wɪθ ˈbeɪsɪk ˈsərvər. maɪ ˈmɑnətər ɪz dɪˈspleɪ əv wɪʧ kən bi ˌɪnˈstɔld wɪθ ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz frəm əˈnəðər poʊst əv maɪn. ˌɪnˈstɔl, ˈbeɪsɪk ˈsərvər ənd. aɪ hæv ˌɪnˈstɔld laɪt weɪt ˈɔlsoʊ fər ˈəðər prəˈpoʊzd fər fˈjuʧər. ˌɪnˈstɔl. ɪz ə nis ˈoʊpən sɔrs ˈɪmɪʤ vjuər, ˈvɛri məʧ ˈsutəbəl fər ˈfoʊˌtoʊ freɪm ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti. ˌɪnˈstɔl kriˈeɪt ə ˈnɔrməl ˈjuzər. ˌɪnˈklud ðə bɪˈloʊ laɪnz ɪn əv ðɪs ˈjuzər ʤɪst əˈbəv fluxbox”*” laɪn. ɪf ju wɔnt, ju kən juz tɪ du ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ stəf. -dɪˈspleɪ ɛs ɔf -ɛf -ɛs -aɪ -ti -ɑr -ju -di 5 ðə kəˈmænd dɪˈseɪbəlz blæŋk screensaver*, wɪʧ ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəl fər slaɪd ʃoʊ. ðə nɛkst kəˈmænd ɪz ðə kɔr slaɪd ʃoʊ ˈproʊˌgræm. noʊt daʊn ðə ˈæbsəns əv æt ɛnd əv ðɪs laɪn, wɪʧ proʊˈhɪbəts ˈrənɪŋ ˈdɛskˌtɑp, wɪʧ ɪz nɑt ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ freɪm. ðə læst ˈɑrgjəmənt ɪz ðə pæθ əv ˈfoʊˌtoʊz. hir ɪz ðə əv ˈɑrgjəmənt tɪ. -ɛf fʊl skrin -ɛs slaɪd ʃoʊ -aɪ dɪˈseɪbəl ˈstætəs bɑr -ju gɪt ˈfoʊˌtoʊz frəm dɪˈrɛktəri ˈgɪvɪn -ti fɪt ˈɪmɪʤ saɪz tɪ skrin saɪz -ɑr ˈrændəˌmaɪz slaɪd ʃoʊ -di <sɛk> slaɪd ʃoʊ dɪˈleɪ æt ðɪs steɪʤ, wɪn ju stɑrt ɛks wɪθ kəˈmænd, jʊr slaɪd ʃoʊ ʃʊd stɑrt. naʊ wi nid tɪ ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli stɑrt ɛks ənd ɛz ˈnɔrməl ˈjuzər ənd stɑrt slaɪd ʃoʊ wɪn ðə ˈsɪstəm ɪz paʊər ɔn. ðɪs kən bi dən baɪ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ stɛp. tɪ gɪt ˈbɛtər dɪˈspleɪ laɪf ənd kənˈsərv səm paʊər, aɪ ɪˈneɪbəl ðə dɪˈspleɪ paʊər ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈsɪstəm (dpsm*) æt ənd dɪˈseɪbəl ɪt æt ˈdeɪli wɪθ ðɪs krɑn tæb ˈsɛtɪŋz. kriˈeɪt ə faɪl kɔld ““slideshow”*” ɪn /etc/cron.d*/ ɛz rut ˈjuzər wɪθ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈkɑntɛnt. 0 8 <username*> -dɪˈspleɪ fɔrs ɔn 0 22 <username*> -dɪˈspleɪ fɔrs ɔf ðə fərst laɪn dɪˈseɪbəlz ðə æt ənd ˈsɛkənd laɪn ɪˈneɪbəlz ɪt æt. ɪn keɪs ju hæv ˈɛni ˈprɑbləm wɪθ fɔrs off”*”, ju kən traɪ wɪθ fɔrs suspend”*” ər fɔrs standby”*” ˈɔlsoʊ. ɪn keɪs ju wɔnt tɪ swɪʧ ɔf dɪˈspleɪ æt ɔl, ju kən dɪˈseɪbəl θru faɪl baɪ ˈædɪŋ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ laɪn ɪn ““monitor”*” ˈsɛkʃən. ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ðə əˈbəv ˈmɛnʃənd krɑn ˈteɪbəl ˈɛntriz ʃʊd nɑt bi ðɛr. ˈɔpʃən ““dpms”*” ““false”*” ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ ðə wɪθ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ laɪnz ɛz ʃoʊn bɪˈloʊ. id:5:initdefault*: <username*> -ɛl -si -si ðə əˈbəv laɪnz sɛt dɪˈfɔlt ˈlɛvəl ɛz 5 ɪn dɪˈfɔlt ˈlɛvəl 5 wi stɑrt ɛks ˈsərvər fər jʊr ˈnɔrməl ˈjuzər. riˈbut tɪ gɪt jʊr ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ freɪm ˈrɛdi. hir ɪz maɪ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ freɪm paʊərd baɪ ðɪs ɪz ə ˈboʊnəs ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti əv maɪ ˈsərvər ˈrɛfərəns fər ˈɔtoʊ dɪˈspleɪ paʊər ˈɔpʃənz:
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