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notre dame coach brian kelly got a dreaded vote of confidence from his athletic director earlier this season. (getty)
notre dame coach brian kelly has reached out through representatives to explore coaching options outside notre dame, sources told yahoo sports.
kelly just completed his seventh season as coach of the fighting irish, a 4-8 debacle that was the school’s second-worst record of the last 52 years. the disappointment was compounded by news tuesday that the ncaa is vacating 21 notre dame victories in the 2012-13 and 2013-14 seasons for academic misconduct involving eight players.
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however, sources told yahoo sports that kelly’s curiosity regarding other jobs was not spurred by the ncaa sanctions and predates that development. although kelly has come under fire from some notre dame fans this year, athletic director jack swarbrick has consistently stated that kelly’s job is safe.
notre dame sources said saturday night that kelly has expressed no desire to leave the school. kelly released a statement through the university early sunday morning saying he is “fully committed to leading this program in the future.”
kelly’s seven-year record at notre dame is 59-31, with a 12-1 season in 2012 and a 10-win season in 2015. he is the school’s most successful coach since lou holtz resigned in 1996.
after events earlier saturday, the college coaching carousel could be on an abbreviated spin this year. with texas hiring tom herman and lsu retaining interim coach ed orgeron, the number of a-list jobs available could be small. at present the open jobs are at baylor, purdue and houston. there is speculation that oregon, texas a&m and ucla could open in the coming days.
popular college football video on yahoo sports:
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təˈdeɪ ˈsæmˌsəŋ ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə lɪd ɔf ɪts nu 850 proʊ ðə fərst kənˈsumər draɪv tɪ juz ənd ðə rɪˈpleɪsmənt fər ðə 840 proʊ, wɪʧ ˈdeɪbjutɪd ɪn 2012 ðə lɔnʧ əv ə draɪv ɪz ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈgɪvɪn ðət ˈvərtɪkəl ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ðə fˈjuʧər əv dɪˈzaɪn ənd ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpɑsəbəl weɪ tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈpʊʃɪŋ draɪv ˈsaɪzɪz ˈəpwərdz wɪˈθaʊt ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪŋ riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti ər pərˈfɔrməns. ˈkəvərd (ˈsæmˌsəŋ kɔlz ɪts əˈproʊʧ) ˈməltəpəl taɪmz ɪn ðə pæst jɪr, soʊ ʤɪst təʧ ɔn ðə ˈtɑpɪk hir. ɪz flæʃ ˈmɛməri bɪlt ɔn ɛʤ ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ɪn ə kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˈpleɪnər 2d*) kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən. ðɪs minz ðət ə sɛl ˈstrəkʧər ɪz ˈtɪltɪd ɔn ɛʤ kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ə kənˈvɛnʃənəl sɛl. ðɪs drəˈmætɪkəli ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ˈdɛnsɪti ɪf ðə sɛlz kən bi pækt ˈtaɪtli ɪˈnəf ɪn ðə daɪ tɪ meɪk ðə ˌɪnˈkrist kəmˈplɛksɪti ˈwərθˈwaɪl. ˈrɪtən ˌbiˈfɔr ðət ˈsæmˌsəŋ həz hæd səm ˈstrəgəlz ɪn ðɪs fild, bət ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz ˈɛvədəntli ˈkɑŋkərd ɪˈnəf əv ðə ˈprɑbləmz tɪ stɑrt ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt dɪˈplɔɪɪŋ ðə tɛk ɛn mæs. ðə ˈsæmˌsəŋ 850 proʊ pæks 32 leɪərz əv ˈɪntu iʧ flæʃ ʧɪp ənd ðɛr ər eɪt daɪz ˈtoʊtəl ɪn ðə 850 proʊ, ˌɪmˈplaɪɪŋ ðət ˈsæmˌsəŋ həz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˌɪmˈpruvd ʧɪp ˈdɛnsɪti sɪns ðə fərst daɪz wər əˈnaʊnst. ðə draɪv ɪz ˈsərtəˌfaɪd fər əv raɪts fɑr mɔr ðən moʊst kənˈsumər draɪvz ðoʊ ˈɑbviəsli noʊ wən həz hæd taɪm tɪ θroʊ əv raɪt pərˈfɔrməns æt ɪt tɪ ʧɛk ɪts dərəˈbɪlɪti. ðə draɪv ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪlt ɔn ʧɪps ˈrəðər ðən bət ˈjuzɪŋ ən ˈoʊldər ˈprɔˌsɛs ɔn ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈɪʃu ənd əˈlaʊz ðə draɪv tɪ ˈbɛnəfɪt frəm səm əv ðə ædˈvæntɪʤɪz əv ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈprɔˌsɛs. ˈoʊvərˌɔl pərˈfɔrməns ɪz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈɛksələnt, ˈivɪn wɪˈθaʊt draɪv ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtər tɛkˈnɑləʤi (naʊ ɛz ˈræpɪd). ˈsæmˌsəŋ, ɪf ju ˈriˌkɔl, əkˈwaɪərd kæˈʃeɪ ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtər ˈkəmpəˌni læst jɪr ðə fruts əv ðət ˌækwəˈzɪʃən ər naʊ peɪɪŋ ɔf fər ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. ˈræpɪd ækˈsɛlərˌeɪts ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkɑmən ˈwərˌkloʊdz ənd həz məˈtjʊrd sɪns ˈsæmˌsəŋ ʃɪpt ɪt læst jɪr ɛz pɑrt əv ɪts draɪv məˈʤɪʃən pərˈfɔrməns ˈtunɪŋ juˈtɪləti. raɪt naʊ, ðə 850 proʊ kəˈmændz ə səbˈstænʃəl ˈprimiəm ˈoʊvər ˈəðər draɪvz (əˈbaʊt twaɪs ðə kɔst pər ˈgɪgəˌbaɪt), bət bɪtˈwin ðə ˈɛksələnt ˈsæmˌsəŋ 840 ənd ðɪs nu draɪv, ˈsæmˌsəŋ əˈpɪrz tɪ hæv ðə ˈmɑrkɪt ˈbətənd əp. ðə kəˈmərʃəl səkˈsɛs əv ðə ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm fˈjuʧər əv flæʃ ˈstɔrɪʤ daɪz ər ˈʤɛnərəli kənˈsɪdərd tɪ bi ɛˈsɛnʃəl tɪ ðə ˈlɔŋˈtərm goʊl əv ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ˈdɛnsɪti ənd pərˈfɔrməns.
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today samsung is taking the lid off its new 850 pro ssd — the first consumer drive to use 3d nand and the replacement for the 840 pro, which debuted in 2012. the launch of a 3d nand drive is particularly important given that vertical nand is believed to be the future of nand design and the only possible way to continue pushing ssd drive sizes upwards without compromising reliability or performance.
we’ve covered 3d nand (samsung calls its approach v-nand) multiple times in the past year, so we’ll just touch on the topic here. 3d nand is flash memory that’s built on edge as opposed to in a conventional planar (2d) configuration. this means that a 3d cell structure is tilted on edge compared to a conventional nand cell. this dramatically increases nand density if the cells can be packed tightly enough in the die to make the increased complexity worthwhile.
we’ve written before that samsung has had some struggles in this field, but the company has evidently conquered enough of the problems to start talking about deploying the tech en masse.
the samsung 850 pro packs 32 layers of nand into each flash chip and there are eight nand dies total in the 850 pro, implying that samsung has significantly improved chip density since the first 24-layer nand dies were announced. the drive is certified for 150tb of writes — far more than most consumer drives — though obviously no one has had time to throw petabytes of write performance at it to check its durability. the drive is also built on 40nm chips rather than 20nm – but using an older process on 3d nand isn’t a major issue and allows the drive to benefit from some of the advantages of a larger process.
overall performance is reportedly excellent, even without samsung’s drive accelerator technology (now rebranded as rapid). samsung, if you recall, acquired cache accelerator company nvelo last year — the fruits of that acquisition are now paying off for the company. rapid accelerates a number of common workloads and has matured since samsung shipped it last year as part of its drive magician performance tuning utility.
right now, the 850 pro commands a substantial premium over other drives (about twice the cost per gigabyte), but between the excellent samsung 840 evo and this new drive, samsung appears to have the ssd market buttoned up. the commercial success of the company’s v-nand is important to the long-term future of flash storage — 3d dies are generally considered to be essential to the long-term goal of improving ssd density and performance.
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(ˈrɔɪtərz) wɪθ spiʧ) baɪ ˈændru ˈkɔθərn ənd bɪˈtrɑgoʊ kərˈɑkəs, noʊv 14 (ˈrɔɪtərz) ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪləz ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈgəvərnmənt həz ərˈɛstɪd mɔr ðən 100 "ˈbʊrʒwɑ" ˈbɪznɪsˌmɛn ɪn ə ˈkrækˌdaʊn ɔn əˈlɛʤd æt ˈhənərdz əv ʃɑps ənd ˈkəmpəˌniz sɪns ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈnɪkɔləs sɛd ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. "ðeɪ ər bɑrˈbɛrɪk, ðiz ˈkæpətəlɪst ˈpɛrəˌsaɪts!" ˈθəndərd ɪn ðə ˈleɪtəst əv hɪz ˈlɛŋθi ˈdeɪli ˈspiʧɪz. "wi hæv mɔr ðən 100 əv ðə ˌbʊrʒˌwɑˈzi bɪˈhaɪnd bɑrz æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt." ðə səkˈsɛsər tɪ ðə leɪt ˈjugoʊ ˈʧæˌvɛz ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd hɪz ˈgəvərnmənt wɑz pərˈpɛrɪŋ ə lɔ tɪ ˈlɪmət ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlən ˈbɪznɪsɪz' ˈprɑfɪts tɪ bɪtˈwin 15 pərˈsɛnt ənd 30 pərˈsɛnt. əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ ənˈskrupjələs ˈkəmpəˌniz hæv bɪn ˈhaɪkɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz əv ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks ənd ˈəðər gʊdz mɔr ðən pərˈsɛnt. ˈkrɪtɪks seɪ feɪld ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsiz ənd riˈstrɪktɪd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈfɔrən ˈkərənsi ər bɪˈhaɪnd ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪləz ˈrənəˌweɪ ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən. "ˈgʊdjɪr həz tɪ loʊər ɪts ˈpraɪsɪz ˈivɪn mɔr, 15 pərˈsɛnt ɪz nɑt ɪˈnəf, ðə ˌɪnˈspɛktərz hæv goʊ ðɛr ˈstreɪtəˌweɪ," sɛd ɪn hɪz ˈivnɪŋ ˈæˌdrɛs, ˈsɛndɪŋ əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ ʧɛk ˈloʊkəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əv ðə taɪər ˌmænjəˈfækʧərər. sɪns ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd, ˈsoʊlʤərz ənd ˌɪnˈspɛktərz hæv gɔn ˈɪntu ʃɑps, ˈteɪkən ˈoʊvər ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz æt ən ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks fərm ənd ə ˈkəmpəˌni, ənd ˈraʊndɪd əp ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈlutərz. ðə muv ˈboʊldɪst sɪns ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɔfəs ɪn ˈeɪprəl ɪz ˌrɛməˈnɪsənt əv ðə drəˈmætɪk ˈgəvərnɪŋ staɪl əv ˈʧæˌvɛz, hu ˈnæʃənəˌlaɪzd əv ðə ˈoʊˌpɛk ˈmɛmbərz ɪˈkɑnəmi ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈsoʊʃəlɪst rul. laɪk ˈʧæˌvɛz, sɪz hi ɪz dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ðə pur. ðə ˌɪnˈspɛkʃənz hæv ˈʃeɪkən ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlə θri wiks ˌbiˈfɔr ˈloʊkəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz ðət hɪz əˈpoʊnənts ər ˈkæstɪŋ ɛz ə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm ɔn ðə ˈfɔrmər bəs ˈdraɪvər. həz meɪd prɪˈzərvɪŋ ˈlɛgəsi ðə ˈmeɪnˌsteɪ əv hɪz ˈgəvərnmənt ənd həz bɪn ˈmæʧɪŋ hɪz ˈfɔrmər ˈmɛnˌtɔrz ˈrɛtərɪk. "ɪts taɪm tɪ ˈdipən ðə əˈfɛnsɪv, goʊ tɪ ðə boʊn ɪn ðɪs ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk wɔr," hi sɛd. ˈoʊnli ə fju əv ðə ˈhənərdz əv ʃɑps ˈtɑrgətɪd wɪθ səˈpraɪz ˌɪnˈspɛkʃənz hæd bɪn faʊnd tɪ bi ˈɔfərɪŋ "fɛr ˈpraɪsɪz," əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ. səm ˈbɪznɪsɪz ər ˌvɑlənˈtɛrəli loʊərɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz ər steɪɪŋ kloʊzd ɪn keɪs ðə ˌɪnˈspɛktərz kəm. "wiv rɪˈdust ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ baɪ 10 tɪ 15 pərˈsɛnt, bət ɪts nɑt fɛr. aɪ kænt meɪk ə ˈprɑfɪt naʊ," sɛd ðə ˈoʊnər əv wən smɔl ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks stɔr, hu æst nɑt tɪ bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd. "aɪ əˈgri ðeɪ ʃʊd goʊ fər ðə bɪg fɪʃ, ðə ril ˈspɛkjəˌleɪtərz, bət ðeɪ rɪsk ˈhərtɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ɔl." ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪləz əˈfɪʃəl ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən, 54 pərˈsɛnt ˈænjuəli, ɪz ðə haɪəst ɪn ðə əˈmɛrɪkəz. sɛd ðə fɔrst praɪs ˈdɪˌskaʊnts ʃʊd lɛd tɪ ˈnɛgətɪv ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən əv 15 pərˈsɛnt ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər ənd 50 pərˈsɛnt ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər ˈfɔrˌkæsts ðət brɔt ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈmɑkəri frəm ˈkrɪtɪks ɔn tˈwɪtər. kraʊdz æt ʃɑps əraʊnd kərˈɑkəs ənd ˈəðər ˈmeɪʤər ˈsɪtiz, kraʊdz əv ˈʃɑpərz ər ˈflədɪŋ ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks, ˈkloʊðɪŋ ənd ˈəðər ˈaʊˌtlɛts wɛr praɪs kəts ər ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd. ðɛr həz bɪn səm ˈvaɪələns. ðə ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlən əbˈzərvəˌtɔri əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈkɑnflɪkts ˌriˈpɔrtəd 39 ˈɪnsədənts əv ˈlutɪŋ ər əˈtɛmptəd ˈlutɪŋ sɪns ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. "wi æsk əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ ˈmɑdərˌeɪt ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ɪn ˈspiʧɪz ðət kʊd bi ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɛz kɔlz tɪ ˈvaɪələns," ðə ˈloʊkəl nɑnˌgəvərnˈmɛntəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən sɛd. ðə ˈrɛtərɪk ɔn boʊθ saɪdz ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ mɔr ˈstraɪdənt. ðə kæmˈpeɪn tɪ rɪˈdus ˈpraɪsɪz ənd bleɪm ˌɑntrəprəˈnərz meɪ pleɪ wɛl wɪθ paʊər beɪs əˈməŋ ðə pur ənd kʊd hɛlp ˈjuˌnaɪt ˈfækʃənz wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈrulɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈpɑrti. ˈgɪvɪn ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlənz' æŋˈzaɪəti ˈoʊvər ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən, ənd əv ˈbeɪsɪk gʊdz frəm ˈtɔɪlət ˈpeɪpər tɪ mɪlk, wɑz ˈrɪskɪŋ ə ˈbæˌklæʃ æt ðə dɪˈsɛmbər 8 ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd mjuˈnɪsəpəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz. ˈplɛnti əv ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlənz hæv əˈplɔdɪd hɪz ˈmɛʒərz, seɪɪŋ praɪs haɪks wər aʊt əv kənˈtroʊl, waɪl ˈəðərz hæv ɪkˈsprɛst fɪrz ðət kʊd bi ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈfɔrsɪz. ˈkrɪtɪks seɪ ðə muvz du nɑt ˈtækəl ðə ruts əv ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪləz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk mæˈleɪz, laɪk ən ˈoʊvərˌvæljud ˈbɑləvər ðət ˈfɔrsɪz ˈmɛni ˌɪmˈpɔrtərz tɪ baɪ ˈdɔlərz ənd ðɛn pæs ðoʊz kɔsts ɔn tɪ kənˈsumərz. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt həz ˈɔrdərd ˈloʊkəl ˈtɛləkɑm ˈkəmpəˌniz tɪ blɑk ˈvɛriəs ˈwɛbˌsaɪts ʃoʊɪŋ ðə ˈbɑləvər æt 10 taɪmz ðə əˈfɪʃəl reɪt əv tɪ ðə ˈgrinˌbæk ɔn ðə ˌɪˈligəl ˈmɑrkɪt. ˈprɑmənənt ˈkɑləmnəst ˈnɛlsən sɛd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsiz wər "ˈʧɪlɪŋli ˈsɪmələr" tɪ ðoʊz əv zɪmˈbɑbwiən ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈrɑbərt muˈgɑbeɪ. ðə ˈæfrɪkɑn ˈlidər ˈɔlsoʊ juzd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈfɔrsɪz tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs ə praɪs ˈkrækˌdaʊn ɪn 2007 ˈstɔri kənˈtɪnjuz
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(reuters) - (recasts with maduro speech)
by andrew cawthorne and deisy buitrago
caracas, nov 14 (reuters) - venezuela's socialist government has arrested more than 100 "bourgeois" businessmen in a crackdown on alleged price-gouging at hundreds of shops and companies since the weekend, president nicolas maduro said on thursday.
"they are barbaric, these capitalist parasites!" maduro thundered in the latest of his lengthy daily speeches. "we have more than 100 of the bourgeoisie behind bars at the moment."
the successor to the late hugo chavez also said his government was preparing a law to limit venezuelan businesses' profits to between 15 percent and 30 percent.
officials say unscrupulous companies have been hiking prices of electronics and other goods more than 1,000 percent. critics say failed socialist economic policies and restricted access to foreign currency are behind venezuela's runaway inflation.
"goodyear has to lower its prices even more, 15 percent is not enough, the inspectors have go there straightaway," maduro said in his evening address, sending officials to check local operations of the u.s.-based tire manufacturer.
since the weekend, soldiers and inspectors have gone into 1,400 shops, taken over operations at an electronics firm and a battery-making company, and rounded up a handful of looters.
the move - maduro's boldest since taking office in april - is reminiscent of the dramatic governing style of chavez, who nationalized swaths of the opec member's economy during his 14-year socialist rule.
like chavez, maduro says he is defending the poor.
the inspections have shaken venezuela three weeks before local elections that his opponents are casting as a referendum on the 50-year-old former bus driver. maduro has made preserving chavez's legacy the mainstay of his government and has been matching his former mentor's anti-capitalist rhetoric.
"it's time to deepen the offensive, go to the bone in this economic war," he said.
only a few of the hundreds of shops targeted with surprise inspections had been found to be offering "fair prices," officials say. some businesses are voluntarily lowering prices - or staying closed - in case the inspectors come.
"we've reduced everything by 10 to 15 percent, but it's not fair. i can't make a profit now," said the owner of one small electronics store, who asked not to be identified.
"i agree they should go for the big fish, the real speculators, but they risk hurting us all."
venezuela's official inflation, 54 percent annually, is the highest in the americas.
maduro said the forced price discounts should lead to negative inflation of 15 percent in november and 50 percent in december - forecasts that brought immediate mockery from critics on twitter.
crowds at shops
around caracas and other major cities, crowds of shoppers are flooding electronics, clothing and other outlets where price cuts are anticipated. there has been some violence.
the venezuelan observatory of social conflicts reported 39 incidents of looting or attempted looting since friday. "we ask officials to moderate language in speeches that could be interpreted as calls to violence," the local non-governmental organization said.
the rhetoric on both sides is becoming more strident.
the campaign to reduce prices and blame entrepreneurs may play well with maduro's power base among the poor and could help unite factions within the ruling socialist party.
given venezuelans' anxiety over inflation, and scarcities of basic goods from toilet paper to milk, maduro was risking a backlash at the december 8 nationwide municipal elections.
plenty of venezuelans have applauded his measures, saying price hikes were out of control, while others have expressed fears that maduro could be uncorking dangerous forces.
critics say the moves do not tackle the roots of venezuela's economic malaise, like an overvalued bolivar that forces many importers to buy black-market dollars and then pass those costs on to consumers.
the government has ordered local telecom companies to block various websites showing the bolivar at 10 times the official rate of 6.3 to the greenback on the illegal market.
prominent pro-opposition columnist nelson bocaranda said maduro's economic policies were "chillingly similar" to those of zimbabwean president robert mugabe. the african leader also used security forces to enforce a price crackdown in 2007.
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tu ˈɔfən, ɑr əkˈsɛptəns tɛsts ɛnd əp ɛz ˈsikwənsɪz əv ənd ˈrənɪŋ əˈgɛnst ə wɛb ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. ðɪs meɪks ɑr tɛsts hɑrd tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ənd hɑrd tɪ meɪnˈteɪn., tɛst ɔtəˈmeɪʃən ʃoʊz ˈjuˈɛs ə ˈbɛtər weɪ. wɪn wi lərn ˈsəmθɪŋ nu, ɪt ɪz ˈizi tɪ gɪt stək ɪn ə ˌloʊˈlɛvəl, weɪ əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ. səˈpoʊz ju teɪk ə kɔrs ɪn ˈwʊdˌwərkɪŋ. fərst ju wɪl lərn haʊ tɪ juz ˈdɪfərənt taɪps əv hænd ənd paʊər tulz. nɛkst ju maɪt lərn wɪn tɪ juz ə neɪl ənd wɪn tɪ juz ə skru, ənd haʊ tɪ juz ə blɑk pleɪn. ɛz ju geɪn ɪkˈspɪriəns, ju wɪl lərn əˈbaʊt ˈdɪfərənt wʊd taɪps. ənd wɪθ taɪm, ju wɪl noʊ wət neɪlz ənd skruz tɪ juz, ənd ˈwɛðər tɪ ʧuz waɪt paɪn ər məˈhɑgəni, tɪ bɪld jʊr nɛkst ʧɛst. ðɪs ɪz ɔl ə ˈnɔrməl pɑrt əv ˈɛni ˈlərnɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs, ənd əˈplaɪz tɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ frəm ˈkʊkɪŋ tɪ kərˈɑti. ju nid tɪ ˈmæstər ðə ˈbeɪsɪk muvz ˌbiˈfɔr ju kən pʊt ðɛm təˈgɛðər tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈbɪgər. ˈoʊnli wɪn ju noʊ ˈlɔŋgər nid tɪ ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ jʊr maɪnd wɪθ ðə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəlz, wɪn ðə muvz bɪˈkəm ə pɑrt əv jʊr ˈnæʧərəl floʊ, kən ju stɑrt tɪ ˈrizən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈbɪgər ˈpɪkʧər. bɪˈkəz jʊr ril goʊl ɪz tɪ kriˈeɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈjusfəl. ju wɔnt tɪ bɪld ə ʧɛst, ə ˈteɪbəl, ər ə stul, nɑt ə paɪl əv wʊd ɔn ðə flɔr. wʊd ˈkɑrvɪŋ, kərˈɑti, ənd tɛst ɔtəˈmeɪʃən ɪf ju ər ˈsɪriəs əˈbaʊt ˈlərnɪŋ ˈwʊdˌwərk, wɪθ ˈpræktɪs ju wɪl kəm tɪ noʊ wɪn tɪ pɪk əp ðə ˈhæmər ənd wɪn tɪ ʧuz ðə ˈskruˌdraɪvər. ju wɪl noʊ wɪn tɪ sænd ənd wɪn tɪ pleɪn. ju wɪl θɪŋk aɪ wɪl æd ðə lɪd tɪ ðə chest”*”, ənd nɑt aɪ wɪl əˈtæʧ tu ˈhɪnʤɪz wɪθ fɔr skruz, əˈbaʊt frəm ðə ɛʤ əv ðə box”*”. bət wɪn wi raɪt ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd əkˈsɛptəns tɛsts, wi ˈfrikwɛntli gɪt stək ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə loʊ ˈlɛvəl ˈditeɪlz. wi kip ɑr ˈfoʊkɪs fɪkst ɔn ˈbətən klɪks ənd ˈɪnˌpʊt fildz, ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv neɪlz ənd skruz. wi fərˈgɛt ðə ˈbɪgər ˈpɪkʧər (ˈtɛstɪŋ ənd ˈdɑkjəmənɪŋ wət ðə ˈjuzər ɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ əˈʧiv), ənd gɪt lɔst ɪn ðə ˈditeɪl (wət ˈbətən ʃʊd wi klɪk, ər wət ʃʊd əˈpɪr ɪn ðɪs dropdown*). wi raɪt koʊd ðət lʊks laɪk ðɪs: input[name=‘firstname’]).sendkeys(“james”*”); input[name=‘lastname’]).sendkeys(“smith”*”); input[name=‘dest’]).selectbylabel(“norway”*”); button[type=‘submit’]).click*(); ənd ðɪs meɪks ɑr tɛsts məʧ ˈhɑrdər tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd, ənd məʧ məʧ ˈhɑrdər tɪ meɪnˈteɪn. ˈpeɪʤɪz ˈɑbʤɛkts tɪ ðə ˈrɛskju? ˈmɛni timz juz ðə peɪʤ ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈpætərn tɪ rɪˈdus ˌdjupləˈkeɪʃən ənd meɪk ˈmeɪntənəns ˈiziər. peɪʤ ˈɑbʤɛkts reɪz ðə ˈlɛvəl əv æbˈstrækʃən frəm fildz ənd ˈbətənz, tɪ skrinz ənd wɛb ˈpeɪʤɪz. ə peɪʤ ˈɑbʤɛkt haɪdz ðə ˈditeɪlz əv haʊ tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ən ˈɛləmənt bɪˈhaɪnd ə api*. soʊ ðət ˈrəðər ðən ˈraɪtɪŋ ðə koʊd ʃoʊn əˈbəv, wi maɪt raɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk: applicationform.enterfirstname(“james”*”); applicationform.enterlastname(“smith”*”); applicationform.enterdestinationcountry(“norway”*”); applicationform.clickonsubmit*(); peɪʤ ˈɑbʤɛkts ər ˈsərtənli ən ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɔn rɑ scripting*. ðeɪ hɛlp əˈvɔɪd ˌdjupləˈkeɪʃən baɪ ˈpleɪsɪŋ ðə ˈloʊˌkeɪtərz əv ə peɪʤ ɪn ə ˈsɛntrəl pleɪs, ˈrəðər ðən ɪn iʧ tɛst skrɪpt. bət ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti, peɪʤ ˈɑbʤɛkts ər ʤɪst wən ˈlɛvəl əv æbˈstrækʃən əˈbəv ðə klɪks ənd səˈlɛkts ɪn ðə fərst ɪgˈzæmpəl. peɪʤ ˈɑbʤɛkts stɪl ˈrizən ɪn tərmz əv haʊ ðə ˈjuzər əˈʧivz ə tæsk, nɑt wət tæsk ðeɪ ər pərˈfɔrmɪŋ. ənd: haʊ, wət, waɪ ənd hu ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri roʊl əv ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd əkˈsɛptəns tɛsts ɪz tɪ ˈɪləˌstreɪt haʊ ə ˈjuzər ˌɪnərˈækts wɪθ ðə ˈsɪstəm. ðeɪ ʃʊd gɪv ˈjuˈɛs mɔr ˈkɑnfədɛns ðət ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən dɪz ɔl ðət wi ɪkˈspɛkt əv ɪt. ðɪs roʊl ɛz ˈfidˌbæk ənd ˈlɪvɪŋ ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən tulz ɪz ˈkrɪtɪkəl; ɪf ju tɛl wət ə tɛst dɪz ɪn ˈfəŋkʃənəl tərmz, haʊ kən ju hæv ˈkɑnfədɛns wɪn ɪt ˈpæsɪz? ənd haʊ kən ju noʊ wət tɪ du wɪθ ðə tɛst ɪf ɪt feɪlz? ðə ɪgˈzæmpəlz wi sɔ ˈərliər dɪˈskraɪb ə ˈsikwəns əv ˌɪnərˈækʃənz wɪθ ə wɛb peɪʤ. ðeɪ dɪˈskraɪb haʊ wi ər ˈtɛstɪŋ ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ɪn greɪt ˈditeɪl, bət ðeɪ ər stɪl wik ɪn dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ wət ˈfiʧər wi ər ˈtɛstɪŋ. ənd ðeɪ gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛni ˈkɑntɛkst əˈbaʊt waɪ ðə tɛst ɪz ˈvæljəbəl ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs. soʊ ˈrəðər ðən ˈrizənɪŋ əˈbaʊt wət ˈvæljuz wi ˈɛnər ɪn ðə ˈvɛriəs fildz, wi kʊd fərst ˈrizən əˈbaʊt wət tæsk ðə ˈjuzər wɔnts tɪ pərˈfɔrm səbˈmɪt trɪp details”*”). wi ʃʊd ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ʃi ɪz pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ðɪs tæsk ɪz ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ˈtrævəl ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns online”*”), ənd ˈivɪn hu ʃi ɪz ˌlæsˈmɪnət traveller”*”). ðɪs əˈproʊʧ ɪz ˈdipli ˈrutɪd ɪn ðə aɪˈdiəz əv dɪˈzaɪn (si bɪt əv fər atdd*: goʊlz tæsks actions”*” ənd dɪˈzaɪn: haʊ ə 50 jɪr oʊld tɛkˈnik bɪˈkeɪm ðə ki tɪ ˈskeɪləbəl tɛst automation”*”). wi si ðə wərld nɑt ɪn tərmz əv skrinz ənd ˈɑbʤɛkts, bət ɪn tərmz əv ˈæktərz wɪθ goʊlz, hu pərˈfɔrm tæsks tɪ əˈʧiv ðiz goʊlz. naʊnz ənd vərbz əˈnəðər weɪ əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt tɛst dɪˈzaɪn ɪz ɪn tərmz əv wət wi ˈmɑdəl. wɪn wi bɪld ən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən, wi ˈrizən ɪn tərmz əv doʊˈmeɪn ˈɑbʤɛkts. wi maɪt ˈrizən ɪn tərmz əv ˈkəstəmərz, ˌdɛstəˈneɪʃənz, ənd ˈtrævəl ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈpɑləsiz. ənd wɪn wi ˈɪmpləmənt ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən, wi maɪt θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðə skrinz ənd fildz ðət wɪl ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðiz ˈkɑnsɛpts. wɪn wi dɪˈzaɪn ən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən, wi ˈmɑdəl ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən doʊˈmeɪn. ðə ki ˈkɑnsɛpts ər naʊnz. bət wɪn wi tɛst ən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən, wi ər nɑt ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ˌɪtˈsɛlf. wi ər haʊ ˈjuzərz ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. ˈrəðər ðən ˈkəstəmərz, trɪps ənd ˌdɛstəˈneɪʃənz, wi ʃʊd ˈmɑdəl haʊ ə ˈkəstəmər prəˈvaɪdz ˈditeɪlz əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈtrævəlz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əbˈteɪn ən ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈpɑləsi ðət ˈkəvərz ə trɪp tɪ ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˌdɛstɪˈneɪʃən. wɪn wi dɪˈzaɪn ə tɛst swit, wi ˈmɑdəl ˈjuzər goʊlz, tæsks ənd ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. ðə ki ˈkɑnsɛpts ər vərbz. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz: ˈɛdət wɪn wi wərk wɪθ... ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ðə tɛst swit wi ˈmɑdəl ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən doʊˈmeɪn haʊ ðə ˈjuzər ˌɪnərˈækts wɪθ ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ɑr voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛri ɪz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn doʊˈmeɪn ˈɑbʤɛkts goʊlz, tæsks ənd ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈkɑnsɛpts ər naʊnz vərbz tɛst ɔtəˈmeɪʃən kəmz ɪn ˈmɛni fɔrmz. ɪf wi dɪˈskraɪbd ðɪs rɪkˈwaɪrmənt ɛz ə ˈkjukəmbər sɪˈnɛrioʊ, wi maɪt gɪt ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: ˈfiʧər: ˈpərʧəs ˈtrævəl ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈɔnˌlaɪn sɪˈnɛrioʊ: ˈpərʧəs ˈtrævəl ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns fər ə trɪp wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈgɪvɪn ʤeɪmz həz prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈditeɪlz fər ə ˈbɪznɪs trɪp tɪ ˈnɔrˌweɪ ˈlæstɪŋ 10 deɪz wɪn hi rəvˈjuz ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns ˈpɑləsi ðɛn ðə ˈtoʊtəl praɪs ʃʊd bi 20 ˈjuˌroʊz noʊt haʊ ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈmɛnʃən əv skrinz ər fildz wi dil ˈoʊnli ɪn tərmz əv ˈbɪznɪs goʊlz ənd tæsks. bət wi kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔtəˌmeɪt ðɪs sɪˈnɛrioʊ dɪˈrɛkli ɪn ɑr tɛst ɔtəˈmeɪʃən koʊd, bət stɪl ɪn tərmz əv ðə ˈjuzər ɪkˈspɪriəns, ˈrəðər ðən ɪn tərmz əv ˌɪnərˈækʃənz ər wɛb ˈpeɪʤɪz. ðə ˈskrinˌpleɪ ˈpætərn ɪz wən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ən əˈproʊʧ ðət hɛlps ˈtɛstərz θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðɛr tɛsts æt ə haɪər ˈlɛvəl. ju kən wərk wɪθ ˈskrinˌpleɪ ɪn ˈɛni ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, bət sərˈɛnəti prəˈvaɪdz səˈpɔrt fər ˈskrinˌpleɪ ɪn ˈʤɑvə ənd ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt. hir ɪz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪn ˈʤɑvə: james.attemptsto*( providecontactdetails.withfirstname(“james”).andlastname(“smith”*”), providetripdetails.fora(business).tripto(“norway”).lasting(10).days*(), reviewproposedinsurancepolicy.summary*() james.should(seeatotalprice*(), ˈnoʊtɪs haʊ, ɪn ðə koʊd əˈbəv, ðə ˈɑbʤɛkts (providecontactdetails*, providetripdetails*, ənd reviewproposedinsurancepolicy*) ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt peɪʤ ˈɑbʤɛkts ər doʊˈmeɪn ˈɑbʤɛkts, bət ˈrəðər tæsks ənd ˈækʃənz ðət ðə ˈjuzər kən pərˈfɔrm. ɛz kən bi sin hir, ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ tɛsts ər ˈɔlsoʊ məʧ ˈiziər tɪ rɛd. ˈskrinˌpleɪ tɛst swits ər ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr riˈuzəbəl ənd ˈiziər tɪ meɪnˈteɪn. ɪn wən ˈrisənt ˈprɑʤɛkt, wi sɔ 70 mɔr riˈjuz wəns ðə tim hæd swɪʧt ˈoʊvər tɪ tɛst ɔtəˈmeɪʃən ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈskrinˌpleɪ ˈpætərn. ju kən lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ˈskrinˌpleɪ ənd ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən ɪn sərˈɛnəti ɪn bɪɔnd peɪʤ ˈɑbʤɛkts wɪθ sərˈɛnəti ˈskrinˌpleɪ. kənˈkluʒən tɛsts ðət ər ˈrɪtən ˈjuzɪŋ ə, əˈproʊʧ ər mɔr ˈridəbəl ənd ˈiziər tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðən ðoʊz riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn loʊ ˈlɛvəl ˌɪnərˈækʃənz. ðeɪ ər ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr riˈuzəbəl. waɪl peɪʤ ˈɑbʤɛkts əˈlaʊ ju tɪ riˈjuz ˈlɑʤɪk tɪ ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ ə wɛb peɪʤ, ə əˈproʊʧ əˈlaʊz nɑt ˈsɪmpli əv fildz ənd ˈbətənz, bət əv ɪnˈtaɪər ˈbɪznɪs tæsks ənd floʊz. fər ˈlɑrʤər ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, ðɪs əˈlaʊz məʧ haɪər reɪts əv riˈjuz, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ məʧ mɔr ˈsteɪbəl kəmˈpoʊnənts. θæŋks tɪ ʤæn molak*, ˈɔθər əv serenity/js*, fər hɪz hɛlp ɪn rivˈjuɪŋ ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl. rɪˈleɪtɪd ˈkɔrsɪz
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too often, our acceptance tests end up as sequences of “click”s and “select”s running against a web application. this makes our tests hard to understand and hard to maintain. user-centric, task-driven test automation shows us a better way.
when we learn something new, it is easy to get stuck in a low-level, details-focused way of thinking. suppose you take a course in woodworking. first you will learn how to use different types of hand and power tools. next you might learn when to use a nail and when to use a screw, and how to use a block plane. as you gain experience, you will learn about different wood types. and with time, you will know what nails and screws to use, and whether to choose white pine or mahogany, to build your next chest.
this is all a normal part of any learning process, and applies to anything from cooking to karate. you need to master the basic moves before you can put them together to do something bigger. only when you no longer need to occupy your mind with the fundamentals, when the moves become a part of your natural flow, can you start to reason about the bigger picture.
because your real goal is to create something useful. you want to build a chest, a table, or a stool, not a pile of wood chippings on the floor.
wood carving, karate, and test automation
if you are serious about learning woodwork, with practice you will come to know when to pick up the hammer and when to choose the screwdriver. you will know when to sand and when to plane. you will think “now i will add the lid to the chest”, and not “now i will attach two hinges with four screws, about 5cm from the edge of the box”.
but when we write automated acceptance tests, we frequently get stuck thinking about the low level details. we keep our focus fixed on button clicks and input fields, the ui equivalent of nails and screws. we forget the bigger picture (testing and documenting what the user is trying to achieve), and get lost in the detail (what button should we click, or what should appear in this dropdown). we write code that looks like this:
$(“#ccapp input[name=‘firstname’]).sendkeys(“james”); $(“#ccapp input[name=‘lastname’]).sendkeys(“smith”); $(“#ccapp input[name=‘dest’]).selectbylabel(“norway”); $(“#ccapp input[name=‘triplen’]).sendkeys(“10”); $(“#ccapp button[type=‘submit’]).click();
and this makes our tests much harder to understand, and much much harder to maintain.
pages objects to the rescue?
many teams use the page object pattern to reduce duplication and make maintenance easier. page objects raise the level of abstraction from fields and buttons, to screens and web pages. a page object hides the details of how to locate an element behind a friendlier-looking api. so that rather than writing the code shown above, we might write something like:
applicationform.enterfirstname(“james”); applicationform.enterlastname(“smith”); applicationform.enterdestinationcountry(“norway”); applicationform.entertriplength(10); applicationform.clickonsubmit();
page objects are certainly an improvement on raw scripting. they help avoid duplication by placing the locators of a page in a central place, rather than in each test script. but in reality, page objects are just one level of abstraction above the clicks and selects in the first example. page objects still reason in terms of how the user achieves a task, not what task they are performing.
user-centric and task-driven: how, what, why and who
the primary role of automated acceptance tests is to illustrate how a user interacts with the system. they should give us more confidence that the application does all that we expect of it. this role as feedback and living documentation tools is critical; if you can’t tell what a test does in functional terms, how can you have confidence when it passes? and how can you know what to do with the test if it fails?
the examples we saw earlier describe a sequence of interactions with a web page. they describe how we are testing the application in great detail, but they are still weak in describing what feature we are testing. and they don’t give us any context about why the test is valuable in the first place.
so rather than reasoning about what values we enter in the various fields, we could first reason about what task the user wants to perform (“to submit trip details”). we should understand why she is performing this task (“she is purchasing travel insurance online”), and even who she is (“a last-minute traveller”).
this approach is deeply rooted in the ideas of user-centred design (see “a bit of ucd for bdd & atdd: goals -> tasks -> actions” and “user-centred design: how a 50 year old technique became the key to scalable test automation”). we see the world not in terms of screens and objects, but in terms of actors with goals, who perform tasks to achieve these goals.
nouns and verbs
another way of thinking about user-centric test design is in terms of what we model. when we build an application, we reason in terms of domain objects. we might reason in terms of customers, destinations, and travel insurance policies. and when we implement the application, we might think about the screens and fields that will represent these concepts.
when we design an application, we model the application domain. the key concepts are nouns.
but when we test an application, we are not modelling the application itself. we are modelling how users interact with the application. rather than modelling customers, trips and destinations, we should model how a customer provides details about their travels in order to obtain an insurance policy that covers a trip to a particular destination.
when we design a test suite, we model user goals, tasks and interactions. the key concepts are verbs.
in other words:
edit when we work with... the application the test suite we model the application domain how the user interacts with the application our vocabulary is focused on domain objects goals, tasks and interactions the most important concepts are nouns verbs
user-centric task-driven test automation comes in many forms. if we described this requirement as a well-written cucumber scenario, we might get something like the following:
feature: purchase travel insurance online scenario: purchase travel insurance for a trip within the eu given james has provided details for a business trip to norway lasting 10 days when he reviews the proposed insurance policy then the total price should be 20 euros
note how there is no mention of screens or fields – we deal only in terms of business goals and tasks.
but we could also automate this scenario directly in our test automation code, but still in terms of the user experience, rather than in terms of ui interactions or web pages. the screenplay pattern is one example of an approach that helps testers think about their tests at a higher level.
you can work with screenplay in any language, but serenity bdd provides ready-to-go support for screenplay in java and javascript. here is an example in java:
james.attemptsto( providecontactdetails.withfirstname(“james”).andlastname(“smith”), providetripdetails.fora(business).tripto(“norway”).lasting(10).days(), reviewproposedinsurancepolicy.summary() ) james.should(seeatotalprice(), equalto(20.00))
notice how, in the code above, the objects (providecontactdetails, providetripdetails, and reviewproposedinsurancepolicy) don’t represent page objects or domain objects, but rather tasks and actions that the user can perform.
as can be seen here, the resulting tests are also much easier to read.
screenplay test suites are also more reusable and easier to maintain. in one recent project, we saw 70% more reuse once the team had switched over to test automation using the screenplay pattern. you can learn more about screenplay and it’s implementation in serenity bdd in beyond page objects with serenity screenplay.
conclusion
tests that are written using a user-centric, task-driven approach are more readable and easier to understand than those relying on low level ui interactions. they are also more reusable. while page objects allow you to reuse logic to interact with a web page, a user-centric task-driven approach allows reusability not simply of fields and buttons, but of entire business tasks and flows. for larger applications, this allows much higher rates of reuse, and also much more stable components.
thanks to jan molak, author of serenity/js, for his help in reviewing this article.
related courses
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wɪr əˈproʊʧɪŋ ðə ɛnd əv ˈwəndər ˈwʊmənz dəˈmɛstɪk θiˈætrɪkəl rən, bət ðə fɪlm rɪˈmeɪnz ɪn ðə ˈwikli ˈæftər tɛn wiks ɪn riˈlis ənd kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ dɪˈklaɪnz ɪn ðə reɪnʤ. ˈwərldˈwaɪd, ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən həz ɔˈrɛdi tɑpt 790 ˈmɪljən ənd stɪl həz ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɪljən mɔr ˈdɔlərz tɪ goʊ ɪn ɪts ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz. ənd ʤəˈpæn lumz ɔn ðə hərˈaɪzən tɪ sɛnd ɪt ˈoʊvər ðə 800 ˈmɪljən mɑrk ˈsəmˌtaɪm əraʊnd ðə læst wik əv ˈɔgəst, ɪf gæl ˈæməˌzɑn ˈdəzənt paʊər tɪ ðət ˈnəmbər ˈɛniˌweɪ ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst θri wiks ɪn ˈkɑrənt ˈmɑrkɪts. bət ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt tɑps ðət ˈmæʤɪk ˈnəmbər ˈgloʊbəli, ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ riʧ ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn ɪn nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə ˈsəmˌtaɪm ɪn ðə nɛkst 100 aʊərz ər soʊ. ˈpæti ˈʤɛŋkɪnz geɪv ˈjuˈɛs ðə ˈɛntri ɪn ðə tɪ deɪt æt ðə dəˈmɛstɪk bɑks ˈɔfəs, ɔˈrɛdi ˈpæsɪŋ ðə dəˈmɛstɪk ˈtoʊtəlz əv mæn əv stil, ˈbætˌmæn vi ˈsupərˌmæn, ənd ˈsuɪˌsaɪd skwɑd. ənd ˈʤɛŋkɪnz' fɪlm ɪz ðə ˈgroʊsɪŋ ˈmuvi ˈwərldˈwaɪd ɪn ðə, bɪˈhaɪnd ˈoʊnli ˈbætˌmæn vi ˈsupərmænz 873 ˈmɪljən ˈgloʊbəl. ðæts ɔˈrɛdi ən ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ɪˈnəf fit ənd meɪks ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən ˈɪnstəntli ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˈkɛrɪktər wɪθ ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈɔdiənsəz. ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪl si ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən klaɪm tɪ 399 ˈmɪljən ˈsteɪtˈsaɪd, wɪθ ˈprɑbəˌbli lɛs ðən 1 ˈmɪljən tɪ goʊ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtɑpɪŋ ðə 400 ˈmɪljən mɑrk. dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn haʊ strɔŋ ɪts ˈwiˌkɪnd rɪˈsits hoʊld, ɪt wɪl hɪt 400 ˈmɪljən ˈsəmˌtaɪm ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ər ˈtuzˌdeɪ nɛkst wik. ðət ˈnəmbər ˈɪzənt ən ˈɑrbɪˌtrɛri ˈfɪgjər fər preɪz. ɪt minz ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən wɪl pæs sæm 2002 ˈspaɪdərmæn fər ðə 7 spɑt ɔn ðə ˌɔlˈtaɪm lɪst əv ˌsupərˈhiroʊ dəˈmɛstɪk ˈgroʊsɪz, ənd ə strɔŋ ɪˈnəf kənˈtɪnjud hoʊld ˈsteɪtˈsaɪd kʊd hɛlp ɪt ˈʧælənʤ aɪərn mæn 3 fər ðə 5 spɑt ɔn ðə lɪst. ˈminɪŋ ðə ˈoʊnli fɪlmz wɪθ ˈbɪgər dəˈmɛstɪk ˈtoʊtəlz wɪl bi fɪlmz ˈstɑrɪŋ ˈiðər ˈbætˌmæn ər aɪərn mæn ɛˈsɛnʃəli θri ˈmuviz (avengers*,: eɪʤ əv ultron*, ənd ˈkæptən əˈmɛrɪkə: ˈsɪvəl wɔr), tu ˈkrɪstəfər ˈnoʊlən ˈbætˌmæn ˈmuviz (ðə dɑrk naɪt ənd ðə dɑrk naɪt ˈraɪzɪz), ənd wən aɪərn mæn ˈsikwəl ðət roʊd ðə ˈkoʊtˌteɪlz əv ðə fərst ˈmuvi (aɪərn mæn 3 tɪ riʧ səʧ ˈlɔfti haɪts ɪn hər ˈvɛri fərst ˈsoʊˌloʊ ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk ˌædəpˈteɪʃən meɪks ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən wən əv ðə ɪˈlit ˈfrænˌʧaɪzɪz raɪt aʊt ðə geɪt. ˌɪnˈdid, ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən wɪl bi ðə ˈoʊnli ˈsoʊˌloʊ ˌsupərˈhiroʊ ˈaʊtɪŋ tɪ kræk ðə lɪst, ʃʊd ʃi pʊʃ aɪərn mæn 3 frəm ðət pəˈzɪʃən, ənd wɪl rəˈgɑrdləs bi ðə ənd ˈsoʊˌloʊ ˌsupərˈhiroʊ fɪlm. ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi taɪd fər ˈstætəs ɛz ðə ˈrɑtən təˈmɑtoʊz skɔr əˈməŋ ðə tɪ (wɛˈrɛvər ɪt ˈfɪnɪʃɪz ɪts rən) ˌsupərˈhiroʊ ˈmuviz əv ɔl taɪm, wɪθ ə 92 skɔr ðət ˈmæʧɪz ðə ənd ɪz bɪˈhaɪnd ˈoʊnli ðə dɑrk naɪt. ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən ˈɛnərz ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd wɪθ əˈprɑksəmətli 792 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈwərldˈwaɪd rɪˈsits, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ əˈbaʊt 397 ˈmɪljən frəm nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə. ðɛrz ə ˈdisənt ʧæns ɪt kʊd ˈæˌkʧuəli hɪt 400 ˈmɪljən baɪ kloʊz əv ˈbɪznɪs ˈsənˌdi, bət əm ˈbɛtɪŋ ɔn ə ˈwiˌkɪnd ˈsəmˌwɛr əraʊnd ˈmɪljən, ˈlivɪŋ ɪt pərˈhæps ʃaɪ əv 400 ˈmɪljən. wɪθ səʧ ə θɪn ˈmɑrʤən, ɪt ʃʊd æd ˈrəfli 290 ˈθaʊzənd ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ənd əˈnəðər ˈθaʊzənd ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈpʊʃɪŋ ɪt tɪ 400 ˈmɪljən ˈsəmˌtaɪm ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈskrinɪŋz ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ. ˈæftər ˈteɪkɪŋ 1 ˈmɪljən frəm ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈθiətərz læst ˈwiˌkɪnd, ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən ɪz ˈwaɪndɪŋ daʊn ɪn ðoʊz ˈmɑrkɪts ənd wɪl ˈprɑbəˌbli æd əˈnəðər ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈfɔrən rɪˈsits ɪn ðə nɛkst ˈkəpəl əv wiks, ɔn tɔp əv əˈbaʊt 6 ˈmɪljən ər soʊ dəˈmɛstɪkli, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn haʊ dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ ˈθieɪtər kaʊnts ənd ðə ərˈaɪvəl əv ðə dɑrk taʊər ənd ˈænəbəl: kriˈeɪʃən ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst fju wiks kəts ˈɪntu ˈwəndər ˈwʊmənz ˈwikli hoʊldz. tɪ deɪt, ðoʊ, ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz fər lɔs əv ˈθiətərz ənd nu ˈʧælənʤərz tɪ bəmp ðoʊz drɑps haɪər hæv bɪn mɪˈsteɪkən ənd ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən həz hɛld strɔŋ wik ˈæftər wik, soʊ doʊnt bi riˈmoʊtli səˈpraɪzd ɪf ðə fɪlm ɪkˈsidz ˈivɪn ðiz ˈrizənəbəl ənd ˈpɑzətɪv prɑˈʤɛkʃənz. aɪ θɪŋk wɪl si ɪt rɪŋ ðə 800 ˈmɪljən bɛl raɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt ˈoʊpənz ɪn ʤəˈpæn, ˈmeɪbi ˈsəmˌtaɪm ʤɪst ˈæftər ər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə θərd ˈwiˌkɪnd əv ˈɔgəst. ɪf ʤəˈpæn ædz ˈmɪljən, ənd ɪf ɪt pʊlz əˈnəðər ˈmɪljən ər soʊ frəm ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld ˌbiˈfɔr ˈvænɪʃɪŋ frəm ˈəðər ˈmɑrkɪts, ðɛn wi ʃʊd si ə ˈfaɪnəl ˈsəmˌwɛr əraʊnd əˈbaʊt ˈmɪljən, ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ˈspaɪdərmæn ɛz ðə ˈgroʊsɪŋ ˌsupərˈhiroʊ ˈmuvi ɪn ˈwərldˈwaɪd ˈhɪstəri. ðə 9 spɑt ɔn ðət lɪst goʊz tɪ ðɪs jɪrz ˈgɑrdiənz əv ðə ˈgæləksi vol*. 2 ənd aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ʤəˈpæn həz məʧ ʧæns əv ˈɔfərɪŋ əp ˈnəmbərz ðət kən pʊʃ ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən haɪ ɪˈnəf tɪ stil ðət spɑt frəm ðə ˈgɑrdiənz. ə ˈsikwəl tɪ ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən həz ɔˈrɛdi bɪn sˈleɪtɪd fər dɪˈsɛmbər 13 2019 ˈpæti ˈʤɛŋkɪnz həz ˈsteɪtɪd hər ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən tɪ rɪˈtərn ɛz dɪˈrɛktər ɔn ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt, ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ʃi ɔˈrɛdi həz spɪˈsɪfɪk aɪˈdiəz fər ə ˈsikwəl, ənd ʃiz ˈkərəntli ɪn nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wɪθ ˈwɔrnər bros*. tɪ hɛlm ðə ˈsikwəl. ˌdiˈsi ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ʧif kriˈeɪtɪv ˈɔfɪsər ʤɛf ʤɑnz ˈminˌwaɪl həz ɔˈrɛdi ˈbeɪgən ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən ii*. ðə fɪlm wɪl ˈɛnər pərˈdəkʃən nɛkst jɪr. bət fænz woʊnt hæv tɪ weɪt ənˈtɪl 2019 tɪ gɪt mɔr əv gæl superheroics*, ɛz ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən wɪl rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə bɪg skrin ɪn ˈʤəstɪs lig, ˈhɪtɪŋ ˈθiətərz ʤɪst 15 wiks frəm naʊ. ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ rɪˈpriz hər roʊl ɛz ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən ɪn ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ pərˈdəkʃən əv ˈflæʃˌpɔɪnt, wɪʧ wɪl bi ˈflæʃɪz ˈsoʊˌloʊ ˈmuvi bət ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ mɔr əv əˈnəðər ˌsupərˈhiroʊ ˈfiʧərɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl əˈdɪʃənəl ˌdiˈsi ˌsupərˈhiroʊz. ˈflæʃˌpɔɪnt ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ riˈlis ɪn 2020 soʊ wɪl si ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən twaɪs ðɪs jɪr, əˈgɛn ɪn 2019 ənd ɪn 2020 ðæts ən ˈævərɪʤ əv wən əˈpɪrəns ˈɛvəri jɪr, ənd ɪt minz ˈwəndər ˈwʊmən kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli əˈpɪr ɪn ɛz ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənt fɪlmz ɛz ˈbætˌmæn wɪl ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv ðə nɛkst fju jɪrz ɪn ðə dceu*. bɑks ˈɔfəs ˈfɪgjərz ənd ˈtæliz beɪst ɔn ˈdætə ˈviə bɑks ˈɔfəs ˈmoʊʤoʊ, rentrak*, ənd thenumbers*. ˈfɑloʊ mi ɔn tˈwɪtər, ɔn ˈgugəl+, ənd ɔn kˈwɔrə. rɛd maɪ blɔg.
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we're approaching the end of wonder woman's domestic theatrical run, but the film remains in the weekly top-10 after ten weeks in release and continues to enjoy declines in the 25-35% range. worldwide, wonder woman has already topped $790 million and still has several million more dollars to go in its existing territories. and japan looms on the horizon to send it over the $800 million mark sometime around the last week of august, if gal gadot's amazon princess-warrior doesn't power to that number anyway over the next three weeks in current markets. but before it tops that magic number globally, wonder woman is about to reach a major milestone in north america sometime in the next 100 hours or so.
patty jenkins gave us the highest-grossing entry in the dcu to date at the domestic box office, already passing the domestic totals of man of steel, batman v superman, and suicide squad. and jenkins' film is the second-highest grossing movie worldwide in the dcu, behind only batman v superman's $873 million global cume. that's already an impressive enough feat and makes wonder woman instantly the most popular dcu character with mainstream audiences.
this weekend, however, will see wonder woman climb to $399+/- million stateside, with probably less than $1 million to go before topping the $400 million mark. depending on how strong its weekend receipts hold, it will hit $400 million sometime on monday or tuesday next week.
that number isn't an arbitrary figure for praise. it means wonder woman will pass sam raimi's 2002 spider-man for the #7 spot on the all-time list of superhero domestic grosses, and a strong enough continued hold stateside could help it challenge iron man 3 for the #5 spot on the list. meaning the only films with bigger domestic totals will be films starring either batman or iron man -- essentially three avengers-type movies (avengers, avengers: age of ultron, and captain america: civil war), two christopher nolan batman movies (the dark knight and the dark knight rises), and one iron man sequel that road the coattails of the first avengers movie (iron man 3).
to reach such lofty heights in her very first solo cinematic adaptation makes wonder woman one of the elite franchises right out the gate. indeed, wonder woman will be the only non-sequel solo superhero outing to crack the top-5 list, should she push iron man 3 from that position, and will regardless be the highest-ranked and highest-grossing non-sequel solo superhero film. wonder woman will also be tied for status as the second-highest rotten tomatoes score among the top-7 to top-5 (wherever it finishes its run) domestic-grossing superhero movies of all time, with a 92% tomatometer score that matches the avengers and is behind only the dark knight.
wonder woman enters the weekend with approximately $792 million in worldwide receipts, including about $397 million from north america. there's a decent chance it could actually hit $400 million by close of business sunday, but i'm betting on a weekend cume somewhere around $2.2-2.4 million, leaving it perhaps $500,000 shy of $400 million. with such a thin margin, it should add roughly $290+/- thousand on monday and another $300-350+/- thousand on tuesday, pushing it to $400 million sometime during screenings tuesday evening.
after taking $1 million from international theaters last weekend, wonder woman is winding down in those markets and will probably add another $1.5-2+/- million in foreign receipts in the next couple of weeks, on top of about $6+/- million or so domestically, depending on how declining theater counts and the arrival of the dark tower and annabelle: creation over the next few weeks cuts into wonder woman's weekly holds. to date, though, expectations for loss of theaters and new challengers to bump those drops higher have been mistaken and wonder woman has held strong week after week, so don't be remotely surprised if the film exceeds even these reasonable ande projections.
i think we'll see it ring the $800 million bell right before it opens in japan, maybe sometime just after or during the third weekend of august. if japan adds $10-15 million, and if it pulls another million or so from the rest of the world before vanishing from other markets, then we should see a final cume somewhere around about $815-820 million, challenging 2002's spider-man as the tenth-highest grossing superhero movie in worldwide history. the #9 spot on that list goes to this year's guardians of the galaxy vol. 2, and i don't think japan has much chance of offering up numbers that can push wonder woman high enough to steal that spot from the guardians.
a sequel to wonder woman has already been slated for december 13, 2019. patty jenkins has stated her intention to return as director on the project, explaining she already has specific ideas for a sequel, and she's currently in negotiations with warner bros. to helm the sequel. dc entertainment president and chief creative officer geoff johns meanwhile has already begun writing wonder woman ii. the film will enter production next year.
but fans won't have to wait until 2019 to get more of gal gadot's superheroics, as wonder woman will return to the big screen in justice league, hitting theaters just 15 weeks from now. gadot is also expected to reprise her role as wonder woman in the upcoming production of flashpoint, which will be flash's solo movie but is also more of another superhero team-up featuring several additional dc superheroes. flashpoint is currently scheduled to release in 2020. so we'll see wonder woman twice this year, again in 2019, and in 2020. that's an average of one appearance every year, and it means wonder woman could potentially appear in as many different films as batman will over the course of the next few years in the dceu.
box office figures and tallies based on data via box office mojo, rentrak, and thenumbers.
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ðə ˈridərz kən faɪnd ə ˈgugəl trænzˈleɪt ˈvərʒən əv ðɪs poʊst hir. sɛr hɛr kauder*, sɛr hɛr də maizière*, ɪʧ bɪn vɔn ɪn dɛn sog*. ““killerspielen”*” finden*. si ɛs ˈbɛsər, si berater*, daɪ ˈɪnən ˈaɪˈɛˈnɛs ɔr setzen*, ˈoʊdər ˈeɪbər si gænz daɪ, sɪnd, täuschen*. ɪʧ mɪʧ kərz vorstellen*: min neɪm ʤæn vɔs, ɪʧ bɪn 34 ɑlt ənd mathematiker*. bɪs wɔr ɪʧ ˈmænɪʤər vɔn 35 ɪn ɪn bərˈlɪn ənd 20 bɪn ɪʧ: aɪn! dərʧ si, dæs si ɪn daɪ dər ənd ɔʧ daɪ ˈoʊdər. si dɑs. ɪʧ mɪr wünschen*, dæs si aɪn əm ənd dæn bilden*. si, dæs si ənd ˈʃædən zufügen*. ɪʧ hoffe*, dæs si daɪz brifs ˈbɛsər können*. si dɑs ˈɪntərˌnɛt durchsuchen*, soʊ si lernen*, dæs mɛr ælz aɪn dər sɪnd. dɛn ɛs daɪ bɪs 50 1 ʃoʊt mæn nən daɪ dər vɔn ˈɪnən ælz, ˈwərdən si ʃnɛl, dæs haɪər, daɪ ənd konsumieren*. si ən ənd ˈspilər: min ənd, dæs ɪʧ, ɔʧ si ɛs. wɑz si, min vɔn ˈɪnən halten*, si ˈɪnən dərʧ daɪ blum ˈsægən, dæs ɪʧ bɪn, dər saɪn? si, dæs ɛs sɪnd, daɪ ˈɛˈmaɪˈti dər vɔn ɪn (beliebigen*) können*. si fehler*, vɔn dər afd*: si ˈpɪkən daɪ heraus*, ˈmækən daɪ verantwortlich*, ənd ““einfache”*” antwort*. daɪ ˈspɪnər æm rænd daɪz vɔn, ˈoʊdər umstand*, dæs aʊz musste*. si si daɪ dər ““killerspielspieler”*” ælz identifizieren*. ˈərlɪk ɪʧ, dæs gət bezahlte*, können*. si ənd bedienen*, ɪʧ mɪʧ: woʊ dər afd*? si lernen*, vil ənd daɪ əm gəˈsɛlʃæft. ɪʧ ˈɪnən aʊz ˈlɛbən. ɪʧ ˈmaɪnər ɪn vɔn gesammelt*. ɪʧ vɔn bɪs 50 ən, ɪn definieren*, ənd erreichen*. schwierigkeiten*, ənd probleme*, vɔn, daɪ ɛs gɪlt. mɪr, daɪ entwickeln*, əm ɔʧ ɪn üübernehmen*. ɪʧ ɪm dər ˈgeɪmər ənd ɛs sɪnd riæl aʊz entstanden*., daɪ ɪʧ hätte*. ælz 20 ɪʧ aɪn 17 mæn. ər ɪn ˈstətgərt, ɪʧ ɪn kil. zaɪt ɪn kəˈfeɪ, woʊl aɪn gewechselt*, ˈdiˈeɪ gehörten*. woʊl dər ““killerspiele”*”. ənd ɪn (ˈænəˌlɔg sportligen*). aɪn dɪ, dæs ˈɔltər, geschlecht*, rasse*, rɪˈlɪʤən ənd ausmacht*. mæn ˈɛˈmaɪˈti ˈɔlər ɑrt ənd mæn, si ˈoʊdər verurteilen*. ˈdaɪzɪz vɔn folge*, dæs frund 15 min wurde*. 15 ˈgeɪmər, daɪ ɪʧ min nenne*, aʊz bundesgebiet*, dər ənd ɔʧ ˈkɑmɛn ˈmaɪnər hochzeit*. si mɪr: ənd. hæt familie*, aɪn ˈlɛbən ənd ˈmɪtən ɪn dər gəˈsɛlʃæft. vɔn ˈɪnən ˈnækbər, dæs si ɛs. einverstanden*, ɛs mæg ɪn vɔn, daɪ groß*ß, geben*, daɪ aʊz dər roʊl ˈfɑlən ənd ausüben*. si daɪ kommen*, ˈdiˈeɪ dər aʊz rɔm kæm, nən, dər? nin? ɔʧ, ɛs jɑ əbˈsərd vɔn, ˈoʊdər? daɪ aɪn dərʧ daɪ gəˈsɛlʃæft. daɪ mɛr əm, ælz ɛs daɪ tət. ˈɪndəstri ənd daɪ vɔn,, sɪnd aɪn ənd ərnst dər lændz, dɛn ɔʧ si. ənd ɔʧ si ənd ˈɛˈmaɪˈti auseinanderzusetzen*. si ˈwərdən daɪ ˈwɛlʧər ɪʧ daɪ dərʧ ənd äändern*. ˈwərdən si dɛn umständen*, dɛn ˈoʊdər ˈdɪrən ˈɛˈmaɪˈti ənd gerecht*. dɑs bəʧ dər fɪlm dɑs spil mæʧt tätern*. ɪn ˈmaɪnən si daɪ gestellt*. si saɪn, ənd ɪn daɪ wɛlt dər erhalten*, ɪʧ mɪʧ ˈɛˈmaɪˈti ˈɪnən ənd hoffe*, ənd können*. ɪm ɪʧ nin ˈsægən ˈɛˈmaɪˈti ʤæn vɔs zusatz*: ɪʧ brif ən ˈvoʊlkər ənd ˈtɑməs də ˈdɪrən iˈmeɪlz weitergeleitet*. quellen*: 1 http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/290890/umfrage/altersverteilung-von-computerspielern-in-deutschland*/ http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/198202/umfrage/altersverteilung-von-gamern-in-deutschland-in-absoluten-zahlen*/
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the non-german readers can find a google translate version of this post here.
sehr geehrter herr kauder, sehr geehrter herr de maizière,
ich bin enttäuscht von ihren versuchen bei jeder sich bietenden gelegenheit einen billigen sündenbock in den sog. “killerspielen” zu finden. vielleicht wissen sie es selbst nicht besser, vielleicht teilen sie dieselben berater, die ihnen diesen floh ins ohr setzen, oder aber sie versuchen ganz bewusst die menschen, welche nicht ausreichend informiert zu dem thema sind, zu täuschen.
ich möchte mich kurz vorstellen: mein name ist jan voss, ich bin 34 jahre alt und promovierter mathematiker. bis vor kurzem war ich manager von 35 it-lern in einem kleinen unternehmen in berlin und seit weit über 20 jahren bin ich vor allem eines: ein computerspieler!
durch ihre argumentationen belegen sie vor allem, dass sie keinen einblick in die materie der computerspiele haben und auch die menschen hinter dieser kultur nicht kennen oder verstehen. dennoch sprechen sie über das thema. ich würde mir wünschen, dass sie sich zunächst ein solides wissen um diese kultur aneignen und sich dann eine meinung bilden. sie verstehen noch nicht, dass sie sich selbst und ihrer partei damit schaden zufügen. ich hoffe, dass sie dies mithilfe meines briefs besser erkennen können.
würden sie das internet nach einschlägigen statistiken durchsuchen, so könnten sie lernen, dass mehr als ein drittel der deutschen computerspieler sind. unter den gamern gibt es nahezu eine gleichverteilung über die altersgruppen vom jugendlichen bis hin zur altersgruppe 50+ [1]. schaut man nun auf die verkaufszahlen der – von ihnen als gewaltverherrlichend bezeichneten – spiele, werden sie schnell verstehen, dass wir hier über mehrere millionen wähler sprechen, die diese spiele kaufen und konsumieren. darüber hinaus denken sie an freunde und angehörige dieser spieler: meine eltern und freunde wissen, dass ich ego-shooter spiele, auch wenn sie es selbst nicht tun. was denken sie, wird mein persönliches umfeld von ihnen halten, wenn sie ihnen durch die blume sagen, dass ich auf dem besten weg bin, der nächste attentäter zu sein? sie sollten verstehen, dass es einzelfälle unter millionen sind, die mit der darstellung von gewalt in (beliebigen) medien nicht umgehen können.
sie begehen dieselben argumentativen fehler, wie ihre fragwürdigen kollegen von der afd: sie picken sich die zugehörigkeit eines attentäters zu einer bevölkerungsgruppe heraus, machen die charakterisierende eigenschaft dieser gruppe für dessen verhalten verantwortlich, generalisieren und liefern eine “einfache” antwort. die spinner am rechten rand tun dies anhand von religiöser zugehörigkeit, einem migrationshintergrund oder dem umstand, dass jemand aus seiner heimat fliehen musste. sie liefern antworten indem sie die gemeinschaft der “killerspielspieler” als schuldigen identifizieren. ehrlich gesagt erwarte ich, dass gut bezahlte, erfahrene politiker handfester argumentieren können. wenn sie sich derselben einfachen und falschen rhetorik bedienen, frage ich mich: wo besteht noch der unterschied zur afd?
sie sollten dringend lernen, wie viel gutes diese spiele und die gemeinschaft um selbige für unsere gesellschaft tun. dazu gebe ich ihnen einige beispiele aus meinem eigenen leben. ich habe große teile meiner erfahrungen in menschenführung innerhalb von computerspielen gesammelt. ich leitete gruppen von bis zu 50 spielern an, gemeinsame ziele in spielen zu definieren, zu verfolgen und zu erreichen. dabei entstehen dieselben schwierigkeiten, herausforderungen und probleme, wie bei jeder gruppe von menschen, die es zu leiten gilt. diese erfahrungen halfen mir, die notwendigen softskills zu entwickeln, um später auch erfolgreich leitungspositionen in unternehmen zu übernehmen.
ich habe im laufe der jahre mehrere hundert gamer kennengelernt und es sind reale freundschaften aus virtuellen beziehungen entstanden. freundschaften zu menschen, die ich ohne diese spiele niemals kennengelernt hätte. als 20 jähriger lernte ich über ein online-spiel einen 17 jahre älteren mann kennen. er lebt in stuttgart, ich lebte in kiel. selbst wenn wir uns zu dieser zeit in einem cafe getroffen hätten, hätten wir wohl niemals ein wort miteinander gewechselt, da wir oberflächlich zu völlig verschiedenen gesellschaftsschichten gehörten. wir spielten gemeinsam counter-strike – wohl eines der bekanntesten “killerspiele”. wir arbeiteten gemeinsam und konnten gemeinsam erfolge in ligen erzielen (analog zu sportligen). ein vorteil des internets ist, dass kein alter, kein geschlecht, keine rasse, keine religion und keine herkunft einen unterschied ausmacht. man spielt mit menschen aller art und man lernt diese menschen kennen, ohne sie für ihren persönlichen hintergrund oder ihr aussehen zu verurteilen. dieses wahre kennenlernen von menschen hatte zur folge, dass oben genannter freund nach 15 herzlichen jahren freundschaft mein trauzeuge wurde. insgesamt 15 gamer, die ich meine freunde nenne, samt ihrer familien aus dem ganzen bundesgebiet, sowie der schweiz und auch spanien kamen zu meiner hochzeit. glauben sie mir: jeder dieser leute spielte und spielt noch immer ausgiebig ego-shooter. jeder hat inzwischen eine familie, ein geregeltes leben und steht mitten in der gesellschaft. vielleicht ist sogar einer von ihnen ihr nachbar, ohne dass sie es wissen.
einverstanden, es mag wie in jeder gruppe von menschen, die groß genug ist, einzelne individuen geben, die aus der rolle fallen und gewalt ausüben. würden sie jedoch auf die idee kommen, da der jüngste attentäter aus dem münchener raum kam, nun zu fragen, ob vielleicht der durchschnitts-münchener eine gewalttätige bestie ist? nein? warum auch, es wäre ja völlig absurd von einem einzelnen auf alle münchener zu generalisieren, oder?
die spielergemeinde ist längst ein querschnitt durch die gesellschaft. die spieleindustrie setzt seit langem mehr um, als es die filmindustrie tut. diese industrie und die gruppe von menschen, welche diese spiele spielen, sind ein erheblicher und ernst zu nehmender teil der bevölkerung unseres landes, den auch sie zu vertreten haben. und auch sie haben sich ernsthaft und unter benutzung ihres denkvermögens mit dieser gruppe auseinanderzusetzen. sie werden die medienlandschaft – zu welcher ich die gaming-branche zähle – nicht durch brandmarkungen und schuldzuweisungen ändern. noch werden sie den umständen, den opfern solcher taten oder deren angehörigen mit diesen einfachen und falschen antworten gerecht. nicht das buch / der film / das spiel macht menschen zu tätern. in meinen augen haben sie zu diesem thema noch nicht die richtigen fragen gestellt.
sollten sie daran interessiert sein, weitere und detailliertere einblicke in die welt der online-spiele zu erhalten, erkläre ich mich hiermit gerne zu einem treffen mit ihnen bereit und hoffe, ihr verhalten und ihre sichtweisen damit positiv beeinflussen zu können. zu einer einladung auf einen kaffee im regierungsviertel werde ich sicherlich nicht nein sagen 😉
mit besten grüßen
jan voss
zusatz: ich habe diesen brief ebenfalls an volker kauders und thomas de maizièrs mitarbeiter über deren emails respektive kontaktformulare weitergeleitet.
quellen:
[1] http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/290890/umfrage/altersverteilung-von-computerspielern-in-deutschland/
http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/198202/umfrage/altersverteilung-von-gamern-in-deutschland-in-absoluten-zahlen/
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ðə ˈsɪti wɪl ˈtrænsfɔrm ðə ˈsəðərn ɛnd əv wən əv ɪts ˈbɪziəst ˈwənˈweɪ ˈɑrtəriz, kwin strit, ˈɪntu ə ˈtuˌweɪ ˈtræfɪk rut. ˈkaʊnsəl ˈvoʊtɪd ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ tɪ dɪˈrɛkt ˈsɪti ˈplænərz tɪ bɪˈgɪn dɪˈzaɪn wərk tɪ ˈkɑnvərt ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə strit tɪ ˈtuˌweɪ ˈtræfɪk, spəˈsɪfɪkli bɪtˈwin ðə ˈbɛkɪt draɪv ˈækˌsɛs ənd meɪn strit. ðɛr wɑz rɛr ˈkaʊnsəl ˌjunəˈnɪmɪti fər ðə ˈtuˌweɪ kənˈvərʒən ə ˈtɑpɪk ðət ˈɔfən spərz dəˈbeɪt əˈməŋ ˈoʊvər ðə ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ˈvərsəz kəmˈjutər ˈtræfɪk. "lɛts gɪt ðɪs θɪŋ dən, ənd lɛts gɪt ɪt dən ˈsunər ˈrəðər ðən ˈleɪtər," sɛd wɛst ˈmaʊntən coun*. ˈtɛri ˈwaɪˌthɛd, hu timd əp ɔn ə ˈmoʊʃən tɪ gɪt ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈroʊlɪŋ wɪθ ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn coun*. ˈʤeɪsən fɑr. ˈwaɪˌthɛd ɪkˈsprɛst hoʊp ə ˈtuˌweɪ kwin strit wʊd hɛlp əˈliviˌeɪt ˈtræfɪk kənˈʤɛsʧən ˈɪʃuz hi sɪz ˈmaʊntən ˈrɛzɪdənts hæv kəmˈpleɪnd əˈbaʊt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə əˈdɪʃən əv baɪk leɪnz ɔn beɪ ənd strits. fɑr hɛlpt kənˈvɪns mɔr rɪˈləktənt ˈkaʊnsəl ˈkɑligz baɪ ˈpɪʧɪŋ ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv tɪ ðə tæks ˈlɛvi tɪ peɪ fər dɪˈzaɪn wərk ɪn 2018 ɔn ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt. ˈkaʊnsəl əˈgrid tɪ pʊl ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈbəʤɪt frəm rɛd laɪt ˈkæmərə faɪnz ˈrɛvəˌnu. fɑr ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ðə "ˈsɛkənd ˈroʊˌloʊvər ɪn ɛz ˈmɛni wiks" ɔn kwin strit ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, "ˈoʊvər ðə ˈsaɪdˌwɔk wɛr ˈfæməliz ənd ˈsinjərz ənd ˈʧɪldrən wɔk ˈɛvəri deɪ." "ə ˈtuˌweɪ kwin ɪz ʤɪst ˈseɪfər," hi sɛd. coun*. ˈeɪdɑn ˈʤɑnsən ɪkˈskleɪmd "ˌhæləˈlujə" wɪn ˈkaʊnsəl ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ pərˈsu ðə kənˈvərʒən wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛniˌwən ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ˈfɔrməl ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpəblɪkli ɛnˈdɔrst ðə ˈtræfɪk stæf ˈprɛfərəns fər ə kənˈvərʒən ðət ˌɪnˈkludz wən ˈnɔrθbaʊnd leɪn ənd tu ˈsaʊθˌbaʊnd leɪnz frəm tɪ meɪn strit. (ðə strit ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈtuˌweɪ frəm tɪ ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ˈbɛkɪt draɪv.)
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the city will transform the southern end of one of its busiest one-way arteries, queen street, into a two-way traffic route.
council voted wednesday to direct city planners to begin design work to convert the majority of the street to two-way traffic, specifically between the beckett drive access and main street.
there was rare council unanimity for the two-way conversion — a topic that often spurs debate among councillors over the impact on neighbourhoods versus commuter traffic.
"let's get this thing done, and let's get it done sooner rather than later," said west mountain coun. terry whitehead, who teamed up on a motion to get the project rolling with downtown coun. jason farr.
whitehead expressed hope a two-way queen street would help alleviate traffic congestion issues he says mountain residents have complained about following the addition of bike lanes on bay and herkimer streets.
farr helped convince more reluctant council colleagues by pitching an alternative to the tax levy to pay for design work in 2018 on the project. council agreed to pull the estimated $1.1-million budget from red light camera fines revenue.
farr pointed to the "second rollover in as many weeks" on queen street wednesday morning, "over the sidewalk where families and seniors and children walk every day."
"a two-way queen is just safer," he said.
coun. aidan johnson exclaimed "hallelujah" when council voted to pursue the conversion without anyone expressing formal opposition.
he also publicly endorsed the traffic staff preference for a conversion that includes one northbound lane and two southbound lanes from herkimer to main street. (the street is already two-way from herkimer to the bottom of beckett drive.)
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sɪk ənd taɪərd əv ˈdraɪvərz ˈkripɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ɪn ðə lɛft leɪn? ðɛn ˈsɛnɪt bɪl 303 ɪz fər wɪʧ wɑz faɪld ˈθərzˌdeɪ, wʊd ˈlɛvəl ə 200 faɪn fər ˈdraɪvərz ˈklɔgɪŋ əp ðə leɪn ɔn ˈɪntərˌsteɪts ənd ˈəðər prəˈpoʊzəl ɪkˈspændz ə lɔ ðət ɔˈrɛdi rikˈwaɪərz sloʊər ˈviɪkəlz tɪ kip raɪt, bət ðɪs bɪl ædz ˈmɑnəˌtɛri bɪl wʊd kriˈeɪt ðə faɪnz fər ðoʊz hu draɪv æt lɛs ðən ðə spid ˈlɪmət ər wɪn "ˌɪmˈpidɪŋ ðə ˈstɛdi floʊ əv ɪz ˈsəmˌwən ˌɪmˈpidɪŋ ˈtræfɪk? ɪts ə bɪt əv ə ˈʤəʤmənt kɔl, bət ðə bɪl dɪˈfaɪnz ɪt ɛz "ɪf ðə ˈpərsən noʊz ər ˈrizənəbli ʃʊd noʊ ðət hi ər ʃi ɪz biɪŋ ˈoʊvərˌteɪkən frəm ðə rɪr baɪ ə ˈviɪkəl ˈtrævəlɪŋ æt ə haɪər reɪt əv dɪz əˈlaʊ fər ˈrizənəbəl ɪkˈsɛpʃənz, səʧ ɛz ˈpæsɪŋ, ər ˈmuvɪŋ ˈoʊvər tɪ priˈpɛr fər ə lɛft ðə bɪl bɪˈkəmz lɔ, ɪt wʊd goʊ ˈɪntu ˈifɛkt dɛk. 1 keɪs ju wɔnt tɪ sɛnd ðɛm kɑrdz, ðə ˈspɑnsərz əv ðə bɪl ər sɛnz. ʤɛf tɑrt əv ˈmɛklənbərg ˈkaʊnti, tɑm məˈkɪnəs əv ˈrɑkɪŋˌhæm ənd ʤɪm ˈdeɪvɪs əv ˈmeɪkən ˈkaʊnti.
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sick and tired of drivers creeping along in the left lane? then senate bill 303 is for you.sb303, which was filed thursday, would level a $200 fine for drivers clogging up the leftmost lane on interstates and other highways.the proposal expands a law that already requires slower vehicles to keep right, but this bill adds monetary fines.the bill would create the fines for those who drive at less than the speed limit or when "impeding the steady flow of traffic."when is someone impeding traffic? it's a bit of a judgment call, but the bill defines it as "if the person knows or reasonably should know that he or she is being overtaken from the rear by a vehicle traveling at a higher rate of speed."sb303 does allow for reasonable exceptions, such as passing, or moving over to prepare for a left turn.if the bill becomes law, it would go into effect dec. 1, 2017.in case you want to send them thank-you cards, the sponsors of the bill are gop sens. jeff tarte of mecklenburg county, tom mcinnis of rockingham and jim davis of macon county.
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fərst ɪn ə ˈsɪriz ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˌɪˈligəl ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən əv ˈklaɪmɪt iˈmeɪlz, ðə ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti (psu*) kənˈdəktəd ən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ənd ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv ˈrisərʧ mɪˈskɑndəkt baɪ prəˈfɛsər ˈmaɪkəl mæn. ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪgˈzɑnərˌeɪtɪd mæn əv ɔl fɔr ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2010 bət ðə ˈnæʃənəl saɪəns faʊnˈdeɪʃən ˈɔfəs əv ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈʤɛnərəl (oig*) rəvˈjuz səʧ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz fər kəmˈplitnəs ənd kərˈɛktnəs. ɔn ˈɔgəst 15 2011 ðə riˈlist ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ðɛr oʊn ˌrivˈju, əˈgriɪŋ wɪθ ɔl əv ðə kənˈkluʒənz əv ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ənd ˈsəbsəkwəntli əkˈwɪtɪŋ mæn əv ɔl ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv ˈrisərʧ mɪˈskɑndəkt meɪd əˈgɛnst ɪm. ˈpəblɪʃt ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ən ðɛr ˌɪnˈtərnəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu əˈlɛʤd ˈrisərʧ mɪˈskɑndəkt baɪ ˌklɪməˈtɑləʤɪst ˈmaɪkəl mæn ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1 2010 ɛz ˌriˈpɔrtəd, ðə kənˈkluʒənz wər ðət mæn dɪd nɑt ˈfɔlsəˌfaɪ ˈdætə ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv hɪz ˈrisərʧ, ðət hi dɪd nɑt dɪˈstrɔɪ ˈɛni iˈmeɪlz ɪn ˈpɑsəbəl briʧ əv ðə ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ækt, ðət hi dɪd nɑt mɪsˈjuz hɪz pəˈzɪʃən ər əˈbjuz ˌkɑnfəˌdɛnʃiˈæləti əˈgrimənts, ənd ðət hi dɪd nɑt ˈdiviˌeɪt frəm ækˈsɛptɪd ˈpræktɪsɪz əv ˈkɑndəkt fər hɪz fild. ɛz rikˈwaɪərd baɪ lɔ, ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðɛr rɪˈzəlts tɪ ðə fər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌrivˈju. ðə ˌrivˈju wɑz kəmˈplitɪd ənd kloʊzd ɔn ˈɔgəst 15 2011 wɪθ ðə ˈraɪtɪŋ: ˈfaɪndɪŋ noʊ ˈrisərʧ mɪˈskɑndəkt ər ˈəðər ˈmætər reɪzd baɪ ðə ˈvɛriəs ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ənd lɔz dɪˈskəst əˈbəv, ðɪs keɪs ɪz kloʊzd. ðə kənˈkluʒən ðət mæn ɪz əkˈwɪtɪd əv ˈrisərʧ mɪˈskɑndəkt ɪz ˈɑbviəsli sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt. bət ðə ˈditeɪlz ɪn ðə ˈmɛˌmoʊ ər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt bɪˈkəz əv wət ðeɪ ʃoʊ əˈbaʊt ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. spəˈsɪfɪkli, ðə ˈmɛˌmoʊ ʃoʊz ðət ðə ˈkrɪtɪks hu ˈleɪbəld ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ə ““whitewash”*” wər rɔŋ. wɪn ðə rɪˈsivd ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ənd ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən rɪˈpɔrts frəm, ðə rivˈjud ðə rɪˈpɔrts ənd ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əˈmaʊnt əv əˈdɪʃənəl ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən ðət prəˈvaɪdɪd əˈpɑn rɪkˈwɛst. beɪst ɔn ðə ˌrivˈju, ðeɪ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd ðət ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈædəkwɪtli əˈdrɛst ɪts ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz 3 ənd 4 (mɪsˈjuzɪŋ ˈprɪvɪlɪʤd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd ˈsɪriəs ˌdiviˈeɪʃən frəm ækˈsɛptɪd practices).”*).” ðə ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈkludɪd ðət ˈniðər əv ðiz ˈɪʃuz roʊz tɪ ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˈrisərʧ mɪˈskɑndəkt ɛz dɪˈfaɪnd baɪ ðə ˈrisərʧ mɪˈskɑndəkt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən, 45 ðə ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli rivˈjud iˈmeɪlz ənd ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu ˈwɛðər ər nɑt mæn dɪˈlitəd iˈmeɪlz ɛz rɪkˈwɛstɪd baɪ fɪl ʤoʊnz ɪn ðə ““climategate”*” iˈmeɪlz (ˈɑkə ˌæləˈgeɪʃən 2 ðə kənˈkludɪd ˈæftər rivˈjuɪŋ ðə ðə ˈpəblɪʃt iˈmeɪlz ənd ðə əˈdɪʃənəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðət ɪn [ðə iˈmeɪlz] ˈɛvɪdənst ˈrisərʧ mɪˈskɑndəkt wɪˈθɪn ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv ðə ˈrisərʧ mɪˈskɑndəkt regulation.”*.” ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðə ækˈsɛptɪd ðə kənˈkluʒənz əv ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈwɛðər mæn dɪˈlitəd iˈmeɪlz ənd əˈgrid wɪθ kənˈkluʒən ðət mæn hæd nɑt. ðə dɪd kənˈklud ðət mit ðə ˈstændərd fər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðə ʧɑrʤ əv ˈdætə ˌfælsəfəˈkeɪʃən bɪˈkəz ˈɪntərvˌju ˈɛni əv ðə ˈɛkspərts ˈkrɪtɪkəl əv [mann’s*] ˈrisərʧ tɪ dɪˈtərmən ɪf ðeɪ hæd ˈɛni ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət maɪt səˈpɔrt ðə allegation.”*.” ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ðə kənˈdəktəd ðɛr oʊn ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, rivˈjuɪŋ boʊθ ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən, ˈpəblɪkli əˈveɪləbəl ˈdɑkjəmənts ˈrɪtən əˈbaʊt mæn ənd hɪz co-researchers*, ənd ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt, ˈkrɪtɪks, ənd ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri experts”*” ɪn ˈriʧɪŋ ðɛr kənˈkluʒənz. ðə ˈditeɪlz əv wət ˈpəblɪkli əˈveɪləbəl ˈdɑkjəmənts wər rivˈjud ənd hum əˈməŋ ˈkrɪtɪks wər ˈɪntərvˌjud ɪz nɑt ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn ðə ˈmɛˌmoʊ. ðə kənˈkludɪd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðɛr əˈdɪʃənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ðət: [mæn] dɪd nɑt dɪˈrɛkli rɪˈsiv ˈrisərʧ ˈfəndɪŋ ɛz ə ˈprɪnsəpəl ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtər ənˈtɪl leɪt 2001 ər 2002 [mann’s*] ˈdætə ɪz ˈdɑkjəˌmɛnəd ənd əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ˈrisərʧərz. ðɛr ər ˈsɛvərəl kənˈsərnz reɪzd əˈbaʊt ðə kˈwɑləti əv ðə stəˈtɪstɪkəl æˈnælɪsɪs tɛkˈniks ðət wər juzd ɪn [mann’s*] ˈrisərʧ. ðɛr ɪz noʊ spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɛvədəns ðət [mæn] ˈfɔlsəˌfaɪd ər ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪtɪd ˈɛni ˈdætə ənd noʊ ˈɛvədəns ðət hɪz ˈækʃənz əˈmaʊnɪd tɪ ˈrisərʧ mɪˈskɑndəkt. ðɛr wɑz kənˈsərn əˈbaʊt haʊ ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli [mann’s*] ˈrisərʧ hæd ˈɪnfluənst ðə dəˈbeɪt ɪn ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈrisərʧ fild. pɔɪnt 1 ɛˈsɛnʃəli minz ðət wərk praɪər tɪ 2001 ər 2002 wɑz nɑt ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˌrivˈju, bət ðət ðə əˈpɪrz tɪ hæv rivˈjud ɪt rəˈgɑrdləs. pɔɪnt 2 ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt bɪˈkəz wən əv ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz əv ˈkrɪtɪks ɪz ðət hi rɪfˈjuzd tɪ meɪk hɪz ˈdætə əˈveɪləbəl ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðə ˌɪˈligəli ˈpəblɪʃt iˈmeɪlz meɪk ɪt klɪr ðət mæn hæd meɪd hɪz ˈdætə ˈpəblɪkli əˈveɪləbəl. pɔɪnt 5 ɪz ən ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən ɔn wɪʧ ðə ˈɔfərd noʊ əˈdɪʃənəl ˈkɑmɛnt ər æˈnælɪsɪs ənd ɪz ə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv əˈdɪʃənəl ˈrisərʧ baɪ. pɔɪnt 3 ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt bɪˈkəz mæn həz bɪn ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd fər ˈtrəŋˌkeɪtɪŋ tri rɪŋ ˈdætə wɛr ɪt daɪˈvərʤɪz frəm ðə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈtɛmpərəʧər ˈdætə ɪn hɪz ərˈɪʤənəl ˈpeɪpərz əv [ðɪs ˈɪʃu həz ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ mæn, bət ˈrəðər kiθ hu ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ðə ˈdætə ɪn kˈwɛʃən. wi əˈpɑləˌʤaɪz fər ðə kənfˈjuʒən] ˈjuzɪŋ stəˈtɪstɪkəl tɛkˈniks. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈæˈdrɛsɪz ðɪs pɔɪnt spəˈsɪfɪkli, ˈraɪtɪŋ ðət ðɛr ɪz ə lɔt əv dəˈbeɪt əˈbaʊt vaɪəˈbɪləti əv ðə stəˈtɪstɪkəl prəˈsiʤərz [mæn] ɪmˈplɔɪd, ðə stəˈtɪstɪks juzd tɪ kənˈfərm ðə ˈækjərəsi əv ðə rɪˈzəlts, ənd ðə dɪˈgri tɪ wɪʧ wən spɪˈsɪfɪk sɛt əv ˈdætə ˌɪmˈpækts ðə stəˈtɪstɪkəl results.”*.” bət, ðə sɪz, kənˈsərnz ər ɔl əˈproʊpriˌeɪt fər ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk debate”*” ənd ðət ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk debate…*… dɪz nɑt, ɪn ˌɪtˈsɛlf, ˈkɑnstəˌtut ˈɛvədəns əv ˈrisərʧ misconduct.”*.” pɔɪnt 4 ɪz ðə ki kənˈkluʒən ðɛr ɪz spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɛvədəns ðət [mæn] ˈfɔlsəˌfaɪd ər ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪtɪd ˈɛni data”*” ɛz səm əv hɪz mɔr ˈvoʊkəl ˈkrɪtɪks hæv kənˈtɛndɪd. ðə riʧt ðɪs kənˈkluʒən ˈæftər ˈɪntərvˌjuɪŋ ˈkrɪtɪks, ˈæftər rivˈjuɪŋ ðə iˈmeɪlz, ənd ˈæftər rivˈjuɪŋ ˈəðər əˈveɪləbəl ˌdɑkjəmɛnˈteɪʃən kənˈsərnɪŋ boʊθ [mann’s*] ˈrisərʧ ənd ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ˈrisərʧ kənˈdəktəd baɪ hɪz kəˈlæbərˌeɪtərz ənd ˈəðər scientists….”*….” ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðə ʤɪst ˈlɪmət ðɛr ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən tɪ ˈdætə ˌfæbrɪˈkeɪʃən ɛz ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən dɪd ðə dɪd ə fʊl ˈrisərʧ mɪˈskɑndəkt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈrisərʧ mɪˈskɑndəkt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɪs ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən, ˈrisərʧ mɪˈskɑndəkt ɪz dɪˈfaɪnd ɛz ˌfæbrɪˈkeɪʃən, ˌfælsəfəˈkeɪʃən, ər ˈpleɪʤərˌɪzəm ɪn prəˈpoʊzɪŋ ər pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ˈrisərʧ ˈfəndɪd baɪ, rivˈjuɪŋ ˈrisərʧ prəˈpoʊzəlz səbˈmɪtəd tɪ, ər ɪn rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈrisərʧ rɪˈzəlts ˈfəndɪd baɪ. ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ˈfərðər dɪˈfaɪn ˌfæbrɪˈkeɪʃən ɛz əp ˈdætə ər results”*” ənd ˌfælsəfəˈkeɪʃən ɛz ““manipulating…*… ər ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ər oʊˈmɪtɪŋ ˈdætə ər results”*” tɪ lɛd tɪ fɔls kənˈkluʒənz. ˈkrɪtɪks hæv kleɪmd ðət mæn məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪd ðə ˈdætə hi juzd ɪn hɪz ˈpeɪpərz, bət ðə spəˈsɪfɪkli ruld ðət ðɪs wɑz nɑt ðə keɪs. ˈæftər ɔl, ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən steɪts ðət mɪˈskɑndəkt dɪz nɑt ˌɪnˈklud ˈɑnəst ˈɛrər ər ˈdɪfərənsɪz əv opinion.”*.” ˈəltəmətli ðə ˌrivˈju ənd ˌsəpləˈmɛntəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əˈgrid ɔn ɔl kaʊnts wɪθ ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ənd ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən mæn dɪd nɑt ˈfɔlsəˌfaɪ ˈdætə, hi dɪd nɑt dɪˈstrɔɪ ˈɛni iˈmeɪlz, hi dɪd nɑt mɪsˈjuz ˈɛni ˈprɪvɪlɪʤd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ənd hi dɪd nɑt ˈdiviˌeɪt frəm ækˈsɛptɪd ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈprɑsɛsəz. ˈəðər saɪts rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ɔn ðə ɪgzɑnərˈeɪʃən əv mæn: ʤoʊ rɑm əv broʊk ðə ˈstɔri ˈblumbərg ˈklaɪmɪt saɪəns wɔʧ ˈdəgləs ˈfɪʃər æt ðə ˈdeɪli ˈklaɪmɪt ˈrɪʧərd æt ʤeɪmz ˈfæˌloʊz əv ðə əˈtlæntɪk hæŋk ˈkæmbəl æt saɪəns ðə ˈpɑləsi læs ˈilaɪ æt rən ˈsɛntər ˈdeɪli taɪmz grɛg ˈleɪdən æt saɪəns blɔgz skɑt ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈɔfəs ˈbɛri ˈbɪkmɔr ˈændi æt ˈməˌkreɪkər ðə ˈsəmɪt ˈkaʊnti vɔɪs bæd əˈstrɑnəmi
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first in a series
as a result of the illegal publication of cru climate emails, the pennsylvania state university (psu) conducted an inquiry and investigation into allegations of research misconduct by professor michael mann. the university exonerated mann of all four allegations in july 2010, but the national science foundation office of inspector general (oig) reviews such investigations for completeness and correctness. on august 15, 2011, the oig released the results of their own review, agreeing with all of the conclusions of the psu investigation and subsequently acquitting mann of all the allegations of research misconduct made against him.
psu published the results of an their internal investigation into alleged research misconduct by climatologist michael mann on july 1, 2010. as s&r reported, the university’s conclusions were that mann did not falsify data over the course of his research, that he did not destroy any emails in possible breach of the freedom of information act, that he did not misuse his position or abuse confidentiality agreements, and that he did not deviate from accepted practices of conduct for his field.
as required by law, psu reported their results to the oig for independent review. the oig’s review was completed and closed on august 15, 2011, with the oig writing:
finding no research misconduct or other matter raised by the various regulations and laws discussed above, this case is closed.
the conclusion – that mann is acquitted of research misconduct – is obviously significant. but the details in the oig closeout memo are important because of what they show about the original psu investigation. specifically, the oig closeout memo shows that the critics who labeled the psu investigation a “whitewash” were wrong.
when the oig received the inquiry and investigation reports from psu, the reviewed the reports and a significant amount of additional documentation that psu provided upon request. based on the oig’s review, they “were satisfied that the university adequately addressed its allegations 3 and 4 (misusing privileged information and serious deviation from accepted practices).” the oig also concluded that neither of these issues rose to the level of research misconduct as defined by the nsf research misconduct regulation, 45 cfr §689.
the oig also independently reviewed mann’s emails and psu’s inquiry into whether or not mann deleted emails as requested by phil jones in the “climategate” emails (aka allegation 2). the oig concluded after reviewing the the published cru emails and the additional information provided by psu that “nothing in [the emails] evidenced research misconduct within the definition of the nsf research misconduct regulation.” furthermore, the oig accepted the conclusions of the psu inquiry regarding whether mann deleted emails and agreed with psu’s conclusion that mann had not.
the oig did conclude that psu didn’t meet the nsf’s standard for investigating the charge of data falsification because psu “didn’t interview any of the experts critical of [mann’s] research to determine if they had any information that might support the allegation.” as a result, the oig conducted their own independent investigation, reviewing both psu’s documentation, publicly available documents written about mann and his co-researchers, and “interviewed the subject, critics, and disciplinary experts” in reaching their conclusions. the details of what publicly available documents were reviewed and whom among mann’s critics were interviewed is not mentioned in the closeout memo.
the oig concluded as a result of their additional investigation that:
[mann] did not directly receive nsf research funding as a principal investigator until late 2001 or 2002. [mann’s] data is documented and available to researchers. there are several concerns raised about the quality of the statistical analysis techniques that were used in [mann’s] research. there is no specific evidence that [mann] falsified or fabricated any data and no evidence that his actions amounted to research misconduct. there was concern about how extensively [mann’s] research had influenced the debate in the overall research field.
point 1 essentially means that mann’s work prior to 2001 or 2002 was not subject to nsf review, but that the nsf appears to have reviewed it regardless. point 2 is significant because one of the allegations of mann’s critics is that he refused to make his data available – even though the illegally published cru emails make it clear that mann had made his data publicly available. point 5 is an observation on which the oig offered no additional comment or analysis and is a subject of additional research by s&r.
point 3 is significant because mann has been criticized for truncating tree ring data where it diverges from the historical temperature data in his original papers of [this issue has nothing to do with mann, but rather keith briffa who generated the data in question. we apologize for the confusion] using sub-standard statistical techniques. however, the oig addresses this point specifically, writing that there is a lot of debate about “the viability of the statistical procedures [mann] employed, the statistics used to confirm the accuracy of the results, and the degree to which one specific set of data impacts the statistical results.” but, the oig says, “these concerns are all appropriate for scientific debate” and that “such scientific debate… does not, in itself, constitute evidence of research misconduct.”
point 4 is the key conclusion – there is “no specific evidence that [mann] falsified or fabricated any data” as some of his more vocal critics have contended. the oig reached this conclusion after interviewing mann’s critics, after reviewing the cru emails, and after reviewing other “publically available documentation concerning both [mann’s] research and parallel research conducted by his collaborators and other scientists….” furthermore, the oig didn’t just limit their investigation to data fabrication as the psu investigation did – the oig did a full research misconduct investigation according to the nsf research misconduct regulation. according to this regulation, research misconduct is defined as
fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing or performing research funded by nsf, reviewing research proposals submitted to nsf, or in reporting research results funded by nsf.
the regulation further define fabrication as “making up data or results” and falsification as “manipulating… or changing or omitting data or results” to lead to false conclusions. mann’s critics have claimed that mann manipulated the data he used in his papers, but the oig specifically ruled that this was not the case. after all, the regulation states that “research misconduct does not include honest error or differences of opinion.”
ultimately the oig’s review and supplemental investigation agreed on all counts with the psu inquiry and investigation – mann did not falsify data, he did not destroy any emails, he did not misuse any privileged information, and he did not deviate from accepted scientific processes.
other sites reporting on the oig’s exoneration of mann:
joe romm of climateprogress broke the story
bloomberg
climate science watch
douglas fischer at the daily climate
richard littlemore at desmogblog
james fallows of the atlantic
hank campbell at science 2.0
the policy lass
eli at rabbett run
centre daily times
greg laden at science blogs
scott mandia
the unitarian-universalist united nations office
barry bickmore
andy revkin at dotearth
tpm muckraker
the summit county voice
bad astronomy
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ðə kənˈsɔrʃjəm ðə ˈsɛkənd kənˈsəltətɪv ˈmitɪŋ, ˈʤərnəlɪsts forum’*’ tɪ dɪˈskəs roʊl əv ˈmidiə tɪ meɪk ˈgəvərnəns ɪˈlit ˈsoʊʃəli responsive”*” ɔn ˈsənˌdi æt ə ˈloʊkəl hoʊˈtɛl ɪn ˌɪsˈlæməbæd. ðə ˈfɔrəm, ˈəndər ðə ˈiʤəs əv ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈædvəkəsi kæmˈpeɪn, ˈpækɪˌstæn- ˈædvəkəsi fər ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈnæʃənəl advancement,”*,” dɪˈskəst ðə weɪz tɪ ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt səˈsteɪnəbəl pəˈlɪtɪkəl wɪl ənd kəˈmɪtmənt ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈdæpt ˌriprəˈdəktɪv hɛlθ ɛz ə ˈnæʃənəl əˈʤɛndə, ənd tɪ meɪk ɪt ə pɑrt əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl parties’*’ manifestos*. zafar*, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈrisərʧ ˈstrætəʤiz (crs*), wɪʧ ɪz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə kənˈsɔrʃjəm, waɪl æˈdrɛsɪŋ ðə ˈwɛlkəm ˈsɛʃən sɛd ðət ðə kɔr ˈmɛsɪʤ əv ðɪs ˈfɔrəm wɑz tɪ meɪk ˈgəvərnəns ɪˈlit ˈsoʊʃəli riˈspɑnsəbəl tɪ kənˈtroʊl ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən sərʤ, ənd fər ðə ˈmidiə tɪ æsk ðə raɪt kˈwɛsʧənz ənd tɪ dɪˈmænd ˈækʃən. ˌɪˈnɪʃiˌeɪtɪd ə dəˈbeɪt ɔn ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən sərʤ ɪn ˈpækɪˌstæn ənd æst fər ˈɪnˌpʊt ɔn ðə ˈvɛriəs weɪz ɪt kʊd bi kənˈtroʊld. ðə ˈmitɪŋ wɑz əˈtɛndəd baɪ hɛlθ ˈɛkspərts, ˈmidiə ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz frəm ðə prəˈvɪnʃəl ˈkæpɪtəlz əv ðə fɔr ˈprɑvənsəz ənd baɪ ˈvɛriəs ˈʤərnəlɪsts. ˈdɑktər ˈnaʊmən kɑn, ə ˈsinjər kənˈsəltənt ɔn ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ æt contec*, ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ðə pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ðət ðə kənˈsɔrʃjəm hæd ˈspoʊkən tɪ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrtiz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈpɑrtiz, səʧ ɛz ənd jamat-e-ulema-e-islam*, tɪ ðɛm əv ðə ˈɪʃu ənd ərʤ ðɛm tɪ meɪk ˌriprəˈdəktɪv hɛlθ ə praɪˈɔrəti əˈʤɛndə ɪn ðɛr manifestos*. ˈkɑlɪd kɑn, ə ˈʤərnəlɪst, kˈwoʊtɪd ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈmɪnɪstər əv kpk*, ˈsælim kɑn ɛz seɪɪŋ ðət ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən reɪt əv ðə ˈprɑvɪns hæd rɪˈdust ɪn ðə læst fju jɪrz. hi əˈtrɪbjətəd ðɪs ˈdiˌkris tɪ ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈpipəl əˈbaʊt ðə ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ə sˈmɔlər ˈfæməli, ənd ðə ˈprɛzəns əv hɛlθ ˈsɛntərz ɪn ðə ˈrʊrəl ˈɛriəz. pɑrˈtɪsəpənts strɛst ɔn ðə nid tɪ teɪk ˈifɛktɪv ˈmɛʒərz tɪ kənˈtroʊl ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən groʊθ wɪʧ wɑz ˌɪnˈvərsli prəˈpɔrʃənəl tɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈrisɔrsɪz. pɑrˈtɪsəpənts sɛd ðət ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən groʊθ wɑz tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈkris ɪn kraɪm reɪts. pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ðət ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə ˈspɛndɪŋ ɪn ðə ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈsɛktər wɑz ən ˈænsər tɪ ˈmɛni ˈɪʃuz ˈpleɪgɪŋ ðə ˈkəntri təˈdeɪ. ðə kənˈsəltətɪv ˈsɛʃən ɪz ə ˈfɑloʊ əp əv ðə fərst ˈsɛʃən hɛld ɪn ˌɪsˈlæməbæd ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 15 2012 kənˈsəltətɪv ˈprɔˌsɛs fər ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈpækɪˌstæn wɑz lɔnʧt ɪn ðə fərst ˈsɛʃən ənd hæd prəˈvaɪdɪd ðə ˈbeɪsɪs fər ə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈmidiə ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz. ðə kənˈsəltətɪv ˈmitɪŋ wɑz əˈtɛndəd baɪ ˈsinjər ˈmidiə prəˈfɛʃənəlz frəm ɔl ˈoʊvər ˈpækɪˌstæn, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈfeɪzəl ˈrɛmən ˈmælɪk wərld, ˌɪsˈlæməbæd), (ˈsinjər ˌkɔrəˈspɑndənt afp*, quetta*), kɑn (ˈæŋkər samma*, kɑˈrɑʧi), ʃəˈhin (ˈsinjər ˈʤərnəlɪst, kɑˈrɑʧi), məˈsud (ʤæŋ, lɑˈhɔr), (lɑˈhɔr), ˈkɑlɪd kɑn (ðə nuz, ˈpɛʃəwɔr), sɛd əˈlæm kɑn (ðə ˈneɪʃən, ˈpɛʃəwɔr), (ˈsinjər ˈʤərnəlɪst, ˈpɛʃəwɔr), kɑn (faisalabad*) ənd mɪz (ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈpækɪˌstæn ˌɪsˈlæməbæd), əˈməŋ ˈəðərz.
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the contech consortium organised the second consultative meeting, ‘challenge journalists forum’ to discuss “the role of media to make governance elite socially responsive” on sunday at a local hotel in islamabad.
the forum, under the aegis of a national advocacy campaign, “apna pakistan- advocacy for population & national advancement,” discussed the ways to generate sustainable political will and commitment in order to adapt reproductive health as a national agenda, and to make it a part of political parties’ manifestos.
aniq zafar, ceo of communications research strategies (crs), which is a member of the contech consortium, while addressing the welcome session said that the core message of this forum was to make governance elite socially responsible to control the population surge, and for the media to ask the right questions and to demand action.
aniq initiated a debate on population surge in pakistan and asked for input on the various ways it could be controlled.
the meeting was attended by health experts, media representatives from the provincial capitals of the four provinces and by various journalists.
dr nauman khan, a senior consultant on public health at contec, informed the participants that the consortium had spoken to political parties, including the religio-political parties, such as jamat-e-islami and jamat-e-ulema-e-islam, to sensitise them of the issue and urge them to make reproductive health a priority agenda in their manifestos.
khalid khan, a journalist, quoted the population minister of kpk, saleem khan as saying that the population rate of the province had reduced in the last few years.
he attributed this decrease to ulema’s involvement in educating people about the benefits of a smaller family, and the presence of health centres in the rural areas.
participants stressed on the need to take effective measures to control the population growth which was inversely proportional to the national resources.
participants said that population growth was co-related to the increase in crime rates.
participants recommended that increasing the spending in the education sector was an answer to many issues plaguing the country today.
the consultative session is a follow up of the first session held in islamabad on december 15, 2012.
consultative process for the project apna pakistan was launched in the first session and had provided the basis for a comprehensive political and media involvement guidelines.
the consultative meeting was attended by senior media professionals from all over pakistan, including faisal rehman malik (ptv world, islamabad), shahzada zulfiqar (senior correspondent afp, quetta), beena qayyum khan (anchor samma, karachi), fauzia shaheen (senior journalist, karachi), wajahat masood (jang, lahore), ameera javeria (lahore), khalid khan (the news, peshawar), said alam khan (the nation, peshawar), shamim shahid (senior journalist, peshawar), asghar khan (faisalabad) and ms deya rehan (radio pakistan islamabad), among others.
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ə fju mənθs əˈgoʊ mækˈsin, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ˌɪnˈtɛl ˈɪzriəl, hɛld ə ˈpraɪvət ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ə smɔl grup əv ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈstudənts æt ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv saɪəns. əˈməŋ ðə ˈtɑpɪks dɪˈskəst wɑz ə ˈpeɪnfəl bət fəˈmɪljər wən: ðə ˈhɑrdʃɪps əv jəŋ ˈwɪmən hu wɪʃ tɪ boʊθ ˈfərðər ðɛr ˌækəˈdɛmɪk kərɪrz ənd reɪz ə ˈfæməli. ˈfɑloʊ ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd tˈwɪtər wən əv ðə ˈstudənts sɛd hər spaʊs meɪd ɪt klɪr ðət ˈæftər ðeɪ hæv ˈʧɪldrən, hæv tɪ spɛnd məʧ lɛs taɪm ɔn hər ˈrisərʧ. dɪˈsaɪsɪv ˈænsər tɪ ðət ˈsteɪtmənt ʃɑkt ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn əˈtɛndəns. toʊld hər: θɪŋk ˈvɛri hɑrd ɪf ju ˈrɪli wɔnt tɪ ˈmɛri him,”*,” ʃi sɪz. wɪn ju spik wɪθ əˈbaʊt ˈsəbʤɪkts kloʊz tɪ hər hɑrt, ʃi əˈlaʊz hərˈsɛlf tɪ bi blənt. nɑt ʤɪst tru fər ˈpraɪvət ˈmitɪŋz wɪθ ˈstudənts, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn hər ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs. ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, wɪʧ siz ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈstudənts ˈʧuzɪŋ ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈmeɪʤərz ɪn ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənətli smɔl ˈnəmbərz tɪ ðɛr meɪl ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrts, ˌɪnfˈjʊriˌeɪts hər. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈriʤɛkts ˈɛni kleɪm wɪʧ hɪnts æt ˈwɪmən ˈhævɪŋ tɪ bi ðə wənz hu gɪv əp ðɛr kərɪr wɪn ˈʧɪldrən ər bɔrn. aɪ ˈmɛrid maɪ husband,”*,” ʃi sɪz, ˈməðər geɪv ɪm ə bæʤ əv ˈɑnər: ju ˈmɛrid ə ˈtiʧər, bi hoʊm ˈɛvəri deɪ baɪ 12pm*. wɪn aɪ wɑz rɪˈkrutɪd tɪ ʤɔɪn ˌɪnˈtɛl, ʃi kɔld ɪm ənd æst ˈhæpənd? ðɛr wɑz ˈɔrdər here.’*.’ tru, ðət wɑz 30 jɪrz əˈgoʊ, bət θɪŋz ər stɪl ˈmuvɪŋ sˈloʊli. kəm ə lɔŋ weɪ, bət stɪl fɑr frəm ˈhævɪŋ ən ˈikwəl wərld. aɪ wɑz æt ə ˈkɑnfərəns fər ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈstudənts læst wik æt ðə ˈhibru ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ʤərˈusələm. 150 jəŋ ˈwɪmən sæt ðɛr ənd æst mi, haʊ du ju du ɪt? haʊ du ju du it?”*?” ðə naʊ sərvz ɛz ðə hɛd əv ə smɔl ʤaɪənt: ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ɪmˈplɔɪər ɪn ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli ˌhaɪˈtɛk ˈɪndəstri, wɪθ əˈbaʊt ɪmˈplɔɪiz. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈɛkspɔrts ˈprɑdəkts wərθ əˈprɑksəmətli ˈbɪljən ə jɪr. ðɪs meɪks wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈwɪmən ɪn ˈɪzriəl, spəˈsɪfɪkli rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ɪts ɪˈkɑnəmi. bət ðə ˈprɑbləm əv ˈfiˌmeɪl ɪn ˌɪzˈreɪli ˌhaɪˈtɛk ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪz ˈɛvədənt ɪn ˌɪnˈtɛl ˈɪzriəl ɛz wɛl: ˈoʊnli 21 əv ðə ɪmˈplɔɪiz ðɛr ər ˈwɪmən. ˈleɪtli, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz əˈnaʊnst stɛps ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈwɪmən hu wərk ðɛr səʧ ɛz ˈboʊnəsɪz fər ɪmˈplɔɪiz hu hɛlp rɪˈkrut ˈwɪmən ər ˈskɑlərˌʃɪps fər ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənts bət riˈmaɪndz ˈjuˈɛs ðət ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ dəraɪvd frəm ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ˌɪzˈreɪli soʊˈsaɪɪti, wɪʧ ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈwɪmən tɪ ʧuz ə kərɪr ɪn ðə tɛk fildz. mækˈsin ɪn ˌɪnˈtɛlz ˈɔfəsɪz. ˈwɪmən ˈʃʊdənt hæv tɪ gɪv əp kərɪrz fər ˈfæməli. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈɑvi rokah*) ɪz ˈvɛri chauvinistic,”*,” ʃi sɪz, fil ɪt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. aɪ gɪt iˈmeɪlz tɪ ðɪs deɪ ðət seɪ ˈmɪstər. maxim.’*.’ ðɪs ˈʃoʊvəˌnɪzəm kəmz frəm ðə hoʊm. æsk ə ˈməðər wət ənd roʊlz ər ənd tɛl ju. waɪ gərlz ˈstədi ˈkɛmɪstri, ˈfɪzɪks, ənd mæθ? ɪt stɑrts wɪθ ðə parents.”*.” ˈmɪsɪŋ ðə ˈsaɪləns ɪz 65 jɪrz oʊld, ˈmɛrid wɪθ tu ˈʧɪldrən. ðə ˈstɔri əv hər raɪz tɪ ðə tɔp ɪz kwaɪt ənˈjuˌʒuəl. ʃi meɪd əˈliə tɪ ˈɪzriəl ɪn 1975 ənd ˈæftər kəmˈplitɪŋ hər dɪˈgri ɪn ˈfɪzɪks ənd ˈkɛmɪstri æt ðə ˈhibru ˌjunəˈvərsəti, ˈstɑrtɪd ˈwərkɪŋ ɛz ə haɪ skul ˈtiʧər. ˈæftər biɪŋ rɪˈʤɛktɪd ɛz ə ˈkænədɪt fər skul ˈprɪnsəpəl bæk ɪn 20 years,”*,” ðeɪ toʊld hər), ʃi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ʧeɪnʤ prəˈfɛʃənz. ˈænsərd ə ˈwɔntɪd æd fər ˌɪnˈtɛl ənd ˈstɑrtɪd ˈwərkɪŋ ðɛr ɛz ən ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr. ðət wɑz ɪn 1983 ənd sɪns ðɛn ˌɪnˈtɛl həz bɪˈkəm hər ˈsɛkənd hoʊm. ʃi roʊz tɪ ˌmænɪˈʤɪriəl pəˈzɪʃənz, ræn ðə əˈsɛmbli laɪn ɪn ˌkɪˈrjɑt gæt, ənd ɪn 2007 wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ðə ˈkəvətɪd roʊl əv ˌɪnˈtɛl ˈɪzriəl ˈsiˌiˈoʊ. ˌmænɪˈʤɪriəl ræŋks sɔ ə slaɪt ˈdrɑmə əˈkər ɪn 2012 wɪn ˈidən, ə ˈsinjər vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt, wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ə pəˈzɪʃən əˈbəv ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd hɛd əv ˌɪnˈtɛl ˈɪzriəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz, wɪθ hər rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈsiˌiˈoʊ, riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ. ðɪs streɪnʤ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən əv ˌɪnˈtɛl ˈhævɪŋ tu hɛdz ˈrisəntli ˈɛndɪd wɪθ rɪˈtaɪərmənt, ˈlivɪŋ wəns əˈgɛn æt ðə tɔp əv ðə ““kingdom.”*.” ənˈlaɪk wət ju maɪt ɪkˈspɛkt, ðə pəˈzɪʃən əv ˈsiˌiˈoʊ brɪŋ wɪθ ɪt ə ˈfænsi ˈɔfəs. ˌɪnˈtɛl praɪdz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɔn ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈsiˌiˈoʊ sɪts ɪn ə smɔl ˈkjubɪkəl, ʤɪst laɪk ˈɛni ˈproʊˌgræmər. ˈlɑʤɪk bɪˈhaɪnd ɪt sɪz ðət ə ˈwərkˌpleɪs ʃʊd bi ˈoʊpən ənd ækˈsɛsəbəl, ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ əv aɪˈdiəz, ə pleɪs ðət ɪnˈkərəʤəz ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd ˈpɔɪntɪŋ aʊt ˈprɑbləmz ˈərli on,”*,” ɪkˈspleɪnz. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ə rɪˈzərvd spɑt ɪn ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈpɑrkɪŋ lɔt. ˈoʊnli wənz wɪθ rɪˈzərvd ˈpɑrkɪŋ spɑts ər ˈprɛgnənt women,”*,” ʃi sɪz. ər ðɛr ˈnɛgətɪv ˈæˌspɛkts tɪ biɪŋ ɪn səʧ ə roʊl? θɪŋk ðət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz aɪ mɪs ðə ˈsaɪləns. ɪf aɪ ˈɛnər ə rum ənd kloʊz ðə dɔr, ˈsəmˌwən wɪl nɑk ɔn ɪt ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ æsk ˈsəmθɪŋ wɪˈθɪn ə ˈmɪnət. ə ˈwərˌkloʊd ˈɛvriˌwən nidz ˈsəmθɪŋ frəm mi ɔl əv ðə time.”*.” bɪn wɪθ ˌɪnˈtɛl fər 32 jɪrz. ju fil laɪk duɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ nu ənd ˈkreɪzi? ˈfaʊndɪŋ ə ˈstɑrˌtəp, fər ˈɪnstəns? noʊ haʊ ˈmɛni ˈkreɪzi θɪŋz dən æt ˌɪnˈtɛl. nɑt ən ˌɪnˈtɛl ˈfæktəri ɪn ðə wərld ðət həz tɪ kənˈtɛnd wɪθ ə ˌriˈæləˌti laɪk israel’s*. 2009 fər ˈɪnstəns, ɪz ə jɪr ˈrəðər nɑt rɪˈpit. æt ðə stɑrt, ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən kæst lɛd wɑz ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ, ðɛn ðɛr wɑz ə ˈdɑkˌwərkər straɪk, ənd ðɛn ðɛr wər ˈproʊˌtɛsts əˈgɛnst ðə ʤərˈusələm plænt, wɪʧ ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd ɔn ˈsætərdiz. nən əv maɪ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌɪnˈtɛl ɪkˈwɪvələnts hæv hæd tɪ kənˈtɛnd wɪθ straɪks, wɔrz, ənd ˈproʊˌtɛsts ɪn wən jɪr. iʧ əv ðiz θɪŋz rikˈwaɪərz ə ˈdɪfərənt kriˈeɪtɪv səˈluʃən. ˈvɛri adventurous.”*.” wət ædˈvɛnʧərəs θɪŋz hæv ju dən? bɪlt ə juˈnik ˈtritmənt ˈsɪstəm fər ðə weɪst, ɪn ɪts ˈkɔrˌtjɑrd. ju maɪt seɪ nɑt ædˈvɛnʧərəs, bət aɪ kən tɛl ju ðə fərst ˈprɑʤɛkt əv ɪts kaɪnd ɪn ˈɪzriəl, mɛnt tɪ trit ðə ˈbrækɪʃ ˈwɔtər ənd suɪʤ kriˈeɪtɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ pərˈdəkʃən. ðə ˈpjʊrəˌfaɪd ˈwɔtər wɪl bi riˈsaɪkəld ɪn ðə ˈkulɪŋ fəˈsɪlɪtiz, ər juzd fər agriculture.”*.” ˈoʊˈkeɪ, stɪl nɑt laɪk ˈteɪkɪŋ ən aɪˈdiə ənd ˈtərnɪŋ ɪt ˈɪntu ðə nɛkst ˈæpəl ər ˈgugəl. ju θɪŋk ɔl aɪˈdiəz nid tɪ bi kɔld ˈæpəl. ˈspikɪŋ əˈbaʊt klin ˈwɔtər tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ənd ðə ʧeɪnʤ əˈfɛktɪŋ əˈkrɔs ˈɪzriəl, ənd əˈbaʊt ˈaɪərlənd ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðə nid fər ɪt ənd ˈkɑpiɪŋ it.”*.” "ˈsəmˌtaɪmz aɪ mɪs ðə ˈsaɪləns".. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈɑvi rokah*) ˈkɑmɪŋ ˌɪnˈtɛl daʊn ˈɪzriəl ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz fər ˌɪnˈtɛl ˈwərldˈwaɪd. bɪɔnd ðə ˌkɪˈrjɑt gæt ˈfæktəri, wɪʧ meɪks ʧɪps ðət ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli faɪnd ðɛr weɪ tɪ ˈpiˈsiz ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə wərld, ˈɪzriəl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhaʊsɪz ɪkˈstɛnsɪv dɪˈvɛləpmənt wərk ɪn ðə ˈhaɪfə, ʤərˈusələm, tikva*, ənd ˈsɛnərz. ðə bəlk əv dɪˈvɛləpmənt wərk fər nu ˈprɑˌsɛsər wɑz dən baɪ ən ˌɪzˈreɪli tim. dɪz ˌɪnˈtɛl ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈdaɪʤɛst ˈɪzriəlz wɔrz ˈizəli? spɛnt ðə læst ˈsəmər ɪn ðə ɛr, ɪn flaɪts. prəˈtɛktɪv ɛʤ wɑz ɑr ˈlɔŋgɪst wɔr 50 deɪz ənd wi ˈnidɪd tɪ spik wɪθ ˈpipəl æt ˌɪnˈtɛl, soʊ ðeɪ hæv bæd θɔts. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðɪs taɪm ðə aɪərn doʊm ˈsɪstəm dɪd ə gʊd ʤɑb ənd ˈɛvriˌwən ˌəndərˈstʊd ðət. ðə ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌni ˈwəriz ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt ˈjuˈɛs ˈriʧɪŋ səˈplaɪ ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz, ənd ˈnɛvər mɪst ə ˈʃɪpmənt, nɑt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst ˈlɛbənən wɔr ənd nɑt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 19th.”*.” wət əˈbaʊt ðoʊz ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt əv ˈɪzriəl? ju noʊ haʊ lɔŋ ðɛr hæv bɪn kɔlz fər ə ˈbɔɪˌkɑt? ʤɪst ə ʃɔrt taɪm əˈgoʊ wi rɛd əˈbaʊt ən əˈtɛmptəd ˈtɛrərɪst əˈtæk ɔn ə ˈbɛlʤən treɪn. ðə wərld ɪz ˈdeɪnʤərəs, ˈɛvriˌwɛr. soʊ ˈmeɪbi lɛs ˈdeɪnʤərəs ɪn ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ðən ɪn ˈɪzriəl, bət boʊθ əv ˈjuˈɛs gɪt ɑr ˈkɛmɪkəlz frəm ʤəˈpæn, ənd wɪn ʤəˈpæn həz ə tsuˈnɑmi ənd ˈkɛmɪkəlz ər aʊt əv stɑk, ɪt ˈmætər wɛr ðə ˈfæktəri is.”*.” ˈmɛni weɪz, ˈbɛtər prəˈtɛktɪd ðən ˈəðər ˌɪnˈtɛl ˈfæktəriz ɪn ðə wərld. aɪ spoʊk wɪθ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl hɛd əv sɪˈkjʊrəti, ənd hi toʊld mi: sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ə haɪ wɔl ənd hæv geɪts, wi ˈivɪn hæv ə ˈrɛgjələr wɔl əraʊnd ðə ˈfæktəri ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ stɑp səm ˈkreɪzi ˈpərsən hu ˌdɪˈsaɪdz tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ. bət jɛs, nɑt seɪɪŋ ə pis əv keɪk ju nid tɪ ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli ɪkˈspleɪn θɪŋz tɪ bɔrd əv directors.”*.” noʊ taɪm tɪ bi ˌɪnˈsəltɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈnunˌtaɪm, ˈlənˌʧrum ɪz pækt. lɔŋ laɪnz strɛʧ bæk ɪn frənt əv treɪz fɪld wɪθ ˈsælədz, schnitzels*, pəˈteɪtoʊz ənd ˈbɑrbɪˌkju mit. ðə ˈwərkərz hir hæv ˈɛvəri ˈrizən tɪ bi ˈhæpi: ɛz ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd ɪn ðə ˌhaɪˈtɛk ˈɪndəstri, ˈsæləriz ər haɪ, ˈɔfəsɪz ər ˈspeɪʃəs, list kɑz ər pɑrkt ɪn ðə ˈkəmpəˌni lɔt, ənd ðə ˈkɪʧən həz paɪlz əv ˈʧɔklət ʧɪp ˈkʊkiz ˈweɪtɪŋ tɪ əˈkəmpəni jʊr kəp əv ˈkɔfi. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ə ˈbɑrbər, ən ɑpˈtɑmətrɪst, ənd ˈivɪn ə kəm baɪ, tɪ gɪv ðə ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈwərkərz səm ˈsərvɪs ənd seɪv ðɛm səm taɪm. ðɪs ɪz ɔl wɛl ənd gʊd, bət wət əˈbaʊt ðə lɔŋ aʊərz, ðə ˈprɛʃər, ðə graɪnd? haʊ du ju ˈbæləns ə ˈpraɪvət laɪf wɪθ ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkəmpəˌni ðət pʊts əp dɪˈmændɪŋ goʊlz ənd ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz? ˈpərsən nidz tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd wɛr hɪz ər hər ˈlɪmət ɪz. læst ˈsənˌdi aɪ wɑz æt ɑr dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈsɛnər ɪn tikva*. æt aɪ pækt əp maɪ θɪŋz. ˈsənˌdi ɪz ðə deɪ aɪ goʊ hoʊm æt 4pm-5pm*, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə, soʊ ˈpɑsəbəl. ənd hir, aɪ si ˈwərkərz ɪn ðə ˌkæfəˈtɪriə ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈkɔfi. aɪ æst ðɛm: wət ˈhæpənd? waɪ ju goʊɪŋ hoʊm? ər ðə ˈkɔfi ənd ðə wərk ə ˈsəbstəˌtut fər ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə kɪdz ə bæθ? θri əv ðɛm bləʃt. ənd waɪ ju si ə ˈwʊmən ðɛr? bɪˈkəz ʃi noʊz ʃi həz tɪ goʊ, sɪns ʃi həz əˈnəðər ʤɑb ˈweɪtɪŋ æt home.”*.” ˈmɛʒər ˈwərkərz baɪ ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti, nɑt ðə aʊərz ðeɪ wərk. ˈmɪʧəl hovav*, riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ðə 6 ˈbɪljən ˈprɑʤɛkt əv ˈəpˌgreɪdɪŋ ðə ˌkɪˈrjɑt gæt ˈfæktəri, toʊld ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ədˈvæns ðət ʃi bi ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈɛni ˈmitɪŋz bɪtˈwin ənd 9pm*. wɔnt tɪ tɔk əp ənˈtɪl? faɪn. wɔnt tɪ tɔk ˈæftər 9pm*? ˈpərfəktli ˈoʊˈkeɪ. bət bɪtˈwin ðoʊz aʊərz aɪ hæv θri kɪdz ənd ə ˈhəzbənd. baɪ, ʧaʊ. ənd səˈpraɪz səˈpraɪz, ɪt wərks. ˈɛvriˌwən əˈlaɪnd ðɛmˈsɛlvz wɪθ taɪm ˈwɪndoʊ, ənd ðɛr ər noʊ ˈmitɪŋz bɪtˈwin ənd 9pm*. soʊ ˈmeɪbi ɪt teɪks ˈsəmˌwən wɪθ ˈkɛrɪktər tɪ dɪˈmænd ðɪs, bət nən əv ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz wʊd dɛr kɔl mi ənd kəmˈpleɪn əˈbaʊt hər nɑt biɪŋ əˈveɪləbəl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðoʊz hours.”*.” ənd wət əˈbaʊt ˈoʊldər ˈwərkərz, ðoʊz ɪn ðɛr ənd 50s*? ər ðeɪ ɪn dɪˈmænd ɪn ðə ˌhaɪˈtɛk ˈɪndəstri? wi sərʧ fər ˈpipəl wɪθ ɪkˈspɪriəns wi kɛr haʊ oʊld ðeɪ ər. ðə əˈtɛmpt tɪ kəm ənd seɪ ðət ˌhaɪˈtɛk gɪt ju tɪ ə ˈpɛnʃən ɪz ˈnɑnsɛns. ðə kˈwɛʃən ɪz ˈwɛðər ˈpipəl wɔnt tɪ lərn nu θɪŋz, ənd ðət həz tɪ du wɪθ ˈkɛrɪktər, nɑt age.”*.” waɪl hər ˈkɑligz ɪn ðə ˌhaɪˈtɛk ˈɪndəstri tɔk əˈbaʊt ðə nid fər ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv ˈstɑrˈtəps, ɪz ˈpʊʃɪŋ fər ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv mɔr trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈɪndəstriz. ˈɪzriəl ˌɪmˈpɔrts ɪts ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈkɛmɪkəlz frəm ʤəˈpæn. waɪ, ˈrɪli? aɪ wɔnt tɪ brɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv ə ˈloʊkəl ˈɪndəstri əv ˈkɛmɪkəlz fər ʧɪp ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ, wɪʧ wɪl səˈplaɪ ðə juʤ kˈwɑntətiz ˈnidɪd nɑt ʤɪst fər ˌɪnˈtɛl ɪn ˈɪzriəl, bət fər ðə ˈaɪərlənd ˈfæktəri ɛz wɛl, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl. ə ˈdɪfərənt taɪp əv ˈɪndəstri ðət wɪl əˈtrækt ə ˈdɪfərənt taɪp əv worker,”*,” ʃi sɪz. ɪn hər wərk ˈkjubɪkəl. ən ˈætməsˌfɪr əv ˈoʊpənəs. (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈɑvi rokah*) ˌɪnˈtɛl həz drɔn strɔŋ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz, ˈæftər biɪŋ ˈgrænɪd ˈʤɛnərəs səmz baɪ ðə mɛnt tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni tɪ kip ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈfæktəriz hir. ðiz deɪz, ðə ˌkɪˈrjɑt gæt speɪs lʊks laɪk ə ʤaɪənt kənˈstrəkʃən saɪt ðə ˈəpˈgreɪd ˈprɑʤɛkt fər ɪts ˈfæktəriz ɪz ɪn fʊl straɪd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə kənˈstrəkʃən əv ə juʤ brɪʤ, wɪʧ wɪl kəˈnɛkt ðə tu ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ˈɛriəz. ɔl əv ðɪs wɪl ɪˈneɪbəl pərˈdəkʃən əv ðə fˈjuʧər ʧɪps. ɪt ˌɪnˈsəlt ju wɪn ðeɪ ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz ðə grænts ˌɪnˈtɛl gɪts? bi ˌɪnˈsəltɪd. ɪf aɪ wər ˌɪnˈsəltɪd aɪ wʊd hæv hæd tɪ goʊ hoʊm ə lɔŋ taɪm əˈgoʊ. ðə wərk ɪz tu hɑrd fər ˌɪnˈsəlts, aɪ hæv taɪm fər ɪt. təˈdeɪ, noʊ wən ɪn ðə ˈgəvərnmənt hu ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt ˌɪnˈtɛl brɪŋz tɪ ðə ˈkəntri. ˈivɪn ðə prɛs həz ˈgræʤuəli stɑpt ˈpæsɪŋ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm. wət wɑz ðə moʊst ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈmoʊmənt fər ju ɪn ðə pæst fju jɪrz? ðə ˈbikən ɔn ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns deɪ. ɪt wɑz ðə moʊst ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ θɪŋ dən ɪn maɪ laɪf. ˈrɪli. aɪ noʊ ɪt wʊd bi ðət weɪ. aɪ gɪt ðɛr bɪˈkəz əv maɪ ˈprɪti aɪz, bət bɪˈkəz əv wət dən æt ˌɪnˈtɛl. ənd wɪn aɪ stʊd ðɛr ənd sɛd aɪ wɑz duɪŋ ɪt ɪn ðə neɪm əv ɔl əv ɑr ˈwərkərz ɪt wɑz ˈvɛri emotional.”*.” ənd wət wɑz ðə ˈboʊldɪst, ˈkreɪziəst dɪˈsɪʒən meɪd? skeɪl fər ˈkreɪzi θɪŋz ənd jʊrz ər ə bɪt ˈdɪfərənt, əˈpɛrəntli. aɪ dɪd θɪŋz ðət ər ənˈjuˌʒuəl ɪn ðə ˈɪnər ənd mɪˈljʊ, ənd aɪ du ðɛm səkˈsɛsfəli, wɪˈθaʊt ˈspɑrkɪŋ wɔrz, ənd ˈleɪtər ðeɪ bɪˈkəm ðə kənˈsɛnsəs. ˈʧeɪnʤɪz nid tɪ bi meɪd wɪˈθaʊt ˈʃaʊtɪŋ ɪn ðə strit. ju nid tɪ bi smɑrt ˈrəðər ðən raɪt. ˈnɛvər maɪnd, aɪ wɔnt tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈkreɪzi θɪŋz. ʤɪst lʊk ˈaʊtˈsaɪd: wʊd ju bɪˈliv ɪt? aɪ bɪlt that.”*.”
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a few months ago maxine fassberg, ceo of intel israel, held a private meeting with a small group of female students at the weizmann institute of science. among the topics discussed was a painful but familiar one: the hardships of young women who wish to both further their academic careers and raise a family.
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one of the students said her spouse made it clear that after they have children, she’d have to spend much less time on her research. fassberg’s decisive answer to that statement shocked everyone in attendance. “i told her: think very hard if you really want to marry him,” she says.
when you speak with fassberg about subjects close to her heart, she allows herself to be blunt. that’s not just true for private meetings with students, but also in her interview with us. the current situation, which sees female students choosing technological majors in disproportionately small numbers to their male counterparts, infuriates her.
she also rejects any claim which hints at women having to be the ones who give up their career when children are born. “when i married my husband,” she says, “his mother gave him a badge of honor: you married a teacher, she’ll be home every day by 12pm. when i was recruited to join intel, she called him and asked ‘what happened? there was order here.’ true, that was 30 years ago, but things are still moving slowly. we’ve come a long way, but we’re still far from having an equal world. i was at a conference for female students last week at the hebrew university of jerusalem. 150 young women sat there and asked me, how do you do it? how do you do it?”
the ex-teacher fassberg now serves as the head of a small giant: the largest employer in the israeli high-tech industry, with about 10,000 employees. the company exports products worth approximately $4.25 billion a year. this makes fassberg one of the most influential women in israel, specifically regarding its economy.
but the problem of female under-representation in israeli high-tech companies is evident in intel israel as well: only 21% of the employees there are women. lately, the company has announced steps intended to increase the number of women who work there – such as bonuses for employees who help recruit women or scholarships for female college students – but fassberg reminds us that the problem is also derived from the nature of israeli society, which doesn’t encourage women to choose a career in the tech fields.
maxine fassberg in intel's offices. women shouldn't have to give up careers for family. (photo: avi rokah)
“israel is very chauvinistic,” she says, “i feel it myself. i get emails to this day that say ‘for mr. maxim.’ this chauvinism comes from the home. ask a mother what men’s and women’s roles are and she’ll tell you. why don’t girls study chemistry, physics, and math? it starts with the parents.”
missing the silence
fassberg is 65 years old, married with two children. the story of her rise to the top is quite unusual. she made aliyah to israel in 1975, and after completing her degree in physics and chemistry at the hebrew university, started working as a high school teacher. after being rejected as a candidate for school principal (“come back in 20 years,” they told her), she decided to change professions.
fassberg answered a wanted ad for intel and started working there as an engineer. that was in 1983, and since then intel has become her second home. she rose to managerial positions, ran the assembly line in kiryat gat, and in 2007 was appointed to the coveted role of intel israel ceo.
intel’s managerial ranks saw a slight drama occur in 2012, when mooly eden, a senior vice president, was appointed to a position above fassberg – president and head of intel israel activities, with her remaining ceo, responsible for intel’s manufacturing. this strange situation of intel having two heads recently ended with eden’s retirement, leaving fassberg once again at the top of the “kingdom.”
unlike what you might expect, the position of ceo doesn’t bring with it a fancy office. intel prides itself on the fact that the ceo sits in a small cubicle, just like any run-of-the-mill programmer. “the logic behind it says that a workplace should be open and accessible, enabling the exchange of ideas, a place that encourages exchanging information and pointing out problems early on,” fassberg explains. she also doesn’t have a reserved spot in the company parking lot. “the only ones with reserved parking spots are pregnant women,” she says.
are there negative aspects to being in such a role?
“i think that sometimes i miss the silence. if i enter a room and close the door, someone will knock on it wanting to ask something within a minute. that’s a corporation’s workload – everyone needs something from me all of the time.”
you’ve been with intel for 32 years. don’t you feel like doing something new and crazy? founding a start-up, for instance?
“you don’t know how many crazy things i’ve done at intel. there’s not an intel factory in the world that has to contend with a reality like israel’s. 2009, for instance, is a year i’d rather not repeat. at the year’s start, operation cast lead was ongoing, then there was a dockworker strike, and then there were protests against the jerusalem plant, which operated on saturdays. none of my international intel equivalents have had to contend with strikes, wars, and protests in one year. each of these things requires a different creative solution. i’m very adventurous.”
what adventurous things have you done?
“i built a unique treatment system for the plant’s waste, in its courtyard. you might say that’s not adventurous, but i can tell you it’s the first project of its kind in israel, meant to treat the brackish water and sewage created during production. the purified water will be recycled in the cooling facilities, or used for agriculture.”
ok, that’s still not like taking an idea and turning it into the next apple or google.
“because you think all ideas need to be called apple. i’m speaking about clean water technology, and the change it’s affecting across israel, and about ireland understanding the need for it and copying it.”
"sometimes i miss the silence". fassberg. (photo: avi rokah)
calming intel down
israel is one of the most important territories for intel worldwide. beyond the kiryat gat factory, which makes chips that eventually find their way to pcs all over the world, israel also houses extensive development work in the company’s haifa, jerusalem, petah tikva, and yakum centers. the bulk of development work for intel’s new skylake processor was done by an israeli team.
does intel international digest israel's wars easily?
“i spent the last summer in the air, in flights. protective edge was our longest war – 50 days – and we needed to speak with people at intel, so they wouldn’t have bad thoughts. meanwhile, this time the iron dome system did a good job and everyone understood that. the holding company worries only about us reaching supply deadlines, and we’ve never missed a shipment, not during the first lebanon war and not during the 19th.”
what about those calling for a boycott of israel?
“do you know how long there have been calls for a boycott? just a short time ago we read about an attempted terrorist attack on a belgian train. the world is dangerous, everywhere. so maybe it’s less dangerous in arizona than in israel, but both of us get our chemicals from japan, and when japan has a tsunami and chemicals are out of stock, it doesn’t matter where the factory is.”
“in many ways, we’re better protected than other intel factories in the world. i spoke with intel’s international head of security, and he told me: you’re surrounded by a high wall and have gates, we don’t even have a regular wall around the factory or anything to stop some crazy person who decides to do something. but yes, i’m not saying it’s a piece of cake – you need to occasionally explain things to intel’s board of directors.”
no time to be insulted
during noontime, intel’s lunchroom is packed. long lines stretch back in front of trays filled with salads, schnitzels, potatoes and barbecue meat. the workers here have every reason to be happy: as is expected in the high-tech industry, salaries are high, offices are spacious, leased cars are parked in the company lot, and the kitchen has piles of chocolate chip cookies waiting to accompany your cup of coffee. sometimes a barber, an optometrist, and even a greengrocer come by, to give the thousands of workers some on-premises service and save them some time.
this is all well and good, but what about the long hours, the pressure, the grind? how do you balance a private life with working in an international company that puts up demanding goals and deadlines?
“every person needs to decide where his or her limit is. last sunday i was at our development center in petah tikva. at 5pm i packed up my things. sunday is the day i go home at 4pm-5pm, because they aren’t working in america, so it’s possible. and here, i see workers in the cafeteria making themselves coffee. i asked them: what happened? why aren’t you going home? are the coffee and the work a substitute for giving the kids a bath? three of them blushed. and why won’t you see a woman there? because she knows she has to go, since she has another job waiting at home.”
“i measure workers by productivity, not the hours they work. michal hovav, who’s responsible for the $6 billion project of upgrading the kiryat gat factory, told everyone in advance that she won’t be holding any meetings between 6:30pm and 9pm. want to talk up until 6:30pm? fine. want to talk after 9pm? perfectly ok. but between those hours i have three kids and a husband. bye, ciao. and surprise surprise, it works. everyone aligned themselves with michal’s time window, and there are no meetings between 6:30pm and 9pm. so maybe it takes someone with michal’s character to demand this, but none of the executives would dare call me and complain about her not being available during those hours.”
and what about older workers, those in their 40s and 50s? are they in demand in the high-tech industry?
“when we search for people with experience we don’t care how old they are. the attempt to come and say that high-tech won’t get you to a pension is nonsense. the question is whether people want to learn new things, and that has to do with character, not age.”
while her colleagues in the high-tech industry talk about the need for establishing innovative start-ups, fassberg is pushing for the establishment of more traditional industries. “intel israel imports its necessary chemicals from japan. why, really? i want to bring about the establishment of a local industry of chemicals for chip manufacturing, which will supply the huge quantities needed not just for intel in israel, but for the ireland factory as well, for example. it’s a different type of industry that will attract a different type of worker,” she says.
fassberg in her work cubicle. an atmosphere of openness. (photo: avi rokah)
intel has drawn strong criticism in recent years, after being granted generous sums by the state,sums meant to encourage the company to keep building factories here. these days, the company’s kiryat gat space looks like a giant construction site – the upgrade project for its factories is in full stride, including the construction of a huge bridge, which will connect the two existing manufacturing areas. all of this will enable production of the company’s future chips.
doesn’t it insult you when they criticize the grants intel gets?
“i can’t be insulted. if i were insulted i would have had to go home a long time ago. the work is too hard for insults, i don’t have time for it. today, there’s no one in the government who doesn’t understand the benefit intel brings to the country. even the press has gradually stopped passing criticism.
what was the most emotional moment for you in the past few years?
“lighting the beacon on independence day. it was the most exciting thing i’ve done in my life. really. i didn’t know it would be that way. i didn’t get there because of my pretty eyes, but because of what i’ve done at intel. and when i stood there and said i was doing it in the name of all of our workers – it was very emotional.”
and what was the boldest, craziest decision you’ve made?
“my scale for crazy things and yours are a bit different, apparently. i did things that are unusual in the inner and outer-intel milieu, and i do them successfully, without sparking wars, and later they become the consensus. changes need to be made without shouting in the street. you need to be smart rather than right. never mind, i don’t want to talk about crazy things. just look outside: would you believe it? i built that.”
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hindutva* hæd ə fri rən ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ɛz ðeɪ sɔt fər mɔr kərbz ɔn ˈɪndiəz ˈməzlɪmz, əˈkjuzɪŋ ðɛm əv kənˈdəktɪŋ səm kaɪnd əv "ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈʤihɑd" ən əˈtæk ˈtrɪgərd baɪ ðə ˈrisənt ˈsɛnsəs rɪˈpɔrt ɔn rɪˈlɪʤən ənd ˈivɪn kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ ðɛr məˈnɔrəti ˈstætəs. ɪn ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈtaɪtəld "taɪm tɪ ækt ˌbiˈfɔr tu leɪt" ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn (rss*) ˈmaʊθˌpis, organiser*, ˈhɪnˌdu ˈwərkɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt sɛd, "ɪf ˈməzlɪmz gɪv bərθ tɪ mɔr ðən tu ˈʧɪldrən, ɪt ʃʊd bi meɪd ə ˈpənɪʃəbəl ˈkrɪmənəl ənd ˈræʃən, ʤɑbz ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl fəˈsɪlɪtiz ʃʊd bi ðɛn stɑpt fər ðɛm." ˈɔlsoʊ rɛd: nu ˈsɛnsəs ˈdætə ɔn rɪˈlɪʤən ʃoʊz ˈhɪnˌdu ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈfɑlɪŋ "ə ˈsɪriəs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən simz tɪ bi ɔn ðə ˈænvəl. ənd ɪt ɪz əv ˈhɪnˌduz. ðɛr ɪz ˈmɛθəd ɪn ðə ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk groʊθ əv muslims...now*, ɪf wi du nɑt stænd əp əˈgɛnst ðə 'ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈʤihɑd', wɪl sun bi ən ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ məst tɪ ˈstrɪktli ˈɪmpləmənt tu ˈʧɪldrən nɔrm ˌɪrəˈspɛktɪv əv ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈleɪtəst ˈsɛnsəs ˈfɪgjərz ər ə ˈweɪˌkəp kɔl," ˈædɪd. ðə ˈsteɪtmənt keɪm ˈivɪn ɛz ðə ɪz ˈhoʊldɪŋ ə əˈpreɪzəl ˈmitɪŋ ɪn nu ˈdɛli ɔn ðə pərˈfɔrməns əv ðə ˈmoʊdi ˈgəvərnmənt ɛz ɪt kəmˈplits 15 mənθs ɪn paʊər. ðə ɪz ðə ˌaɪdiəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈmɛnˌtɔr əv ðə ˈrulɪŋ ənd hɛdz ə brɔd ˈnɛtˌwərk əv ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz ɪn ˈɪndiə ənd əˈbrɔd. wɑz ʤɔɪnd baɪ ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl frəm prəˈdɛʃ, maharaj*, hu sɛd ðə ˈməzlɪmz ɪn ˈɪndiə ʃʊd bi strɪpt əv ðɛr məˈnɔrəti ˈstætəs. "ðeɪ ər noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə məˈnɔrəti. ðeɪ seɪ ðeɪ ər ˈoʊvər ə kˈwɔrtər əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən. ɪn ˈkæʃmɪr, ðeɪ ər mɔr ðən 90 pər sɛnt. ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈdɪstrɪkts wɛr ðeɪ ər 70 80 90 pər sɛnt, soʊ wət ɪz məˈnɔrəti əˈbaʊt ðɛm," maharaj*, noʊn fər ˈsɪmələr rɪˈmɑrks ɪn ðə pæst, sɛd. ˈɔlsoʊ rɛd: ˈhɪnˌdu ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən dɪˈklaɪnd, ˈməzlɪmz ˌɪnˈkrist: 2011 ˈsɛnsəs ðɛr ˈsteɪtmənts keɪm ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈsɛnsəs ˈfɪgjərz wɪʧ ʃoʊd ðət ðə ʃɛr əv ðə ˈməzlɪmz ɪn ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən hæd ˈmɑrʤənəli groʊn waɪl ðət əv ðə ˈhɪnˌduz hæd ˈfɑlən, prəˈvoʊkɪŋ ɪkˈstrim riˈækʃənz frəm ˈlidərz. ˈivɪn ðə dɪd nɑt dɪˈnaɪ ðɛr wɑz ə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈprɑbləm. "aɪ doʊnt əˈgri wɪθ ðə kaɪnd əv ˈsteɪtmənt meɪd baɪ, bət ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈprɑbləm ɪz ril ənd ʃʊd nɑt bi lʊkt frəm ə rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈprɪzəm. ðɛr ɪz ə nid tɪ ɪˈvɑlv ˈsərtən bi lʊk æt ðə ˈjunəˌfɔrm ˈsɪvəl koʊd," ˈlidər toʊld ˈɪndiə təˈdeɪ.
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hindutva hatemongers had a free run on thursday as they sought for more curbs on india's muslims, accusing them of conducting some kind of "population jihad" - an attack triggered by the recent census report on religion - and even questioning their minority status.
in an article titled "time to act before too late" published in rashtriya swayamsevak sangh (rss) mouthpiece, organiser, vishwa hindu parishad working president pravin togadia said, "if muslims give birth to more than two children, it should be made a punishable criminal offence and ration, jobs and educational facilities should be then stopped for them."
also read: new census data on religion shows hindu population falling
"a serious extinction seems to be on the anvil. and it is of hindus. there is method in the systematic growth of muslims...now, if we do not stand up against the 'population jihad', bharat will soon be an islamic state. it is also must to strictly implement two children norm irrespective of the political pressures...the latest census figures are a wake-up call," togadia added.
the statement came even as the rashtriya swayamsevak sangh is holding a three-day appraisal meeting in new delhi on the performance of the narendra modi government as it completes 15 months in power. the rss is the ideological mentor of the ruling bjp and heads a broad network of right-wing organisations in india and abroad.
togadia was joined by controversial bjp mp from uttar pradesh, sakshi maharaj, who said the muslims in india should be stripped of their minority status. "they are no longer a minority. they say they are over a quarter of the population. in kashmir, they are more than 90 per cent. there are many districts where they are 70, 80, 90 per cent, so what is minority about them," maharaj, known for similar remarks in the past, said.
also read: hindu population declined, muslims increased: 2011 census
their statements came in the wake of the latest census figures which showed that the share of the muslims in the population had marginally grown while that of the hindus had fallen, provoking extreme reactions from right-wing leaders. even the rss did not deny there was a population problem.
"i don't agree with the kind of statement made by pravin togadia, but the population problem is real and should not be looked from a religious prism. there is a need to evolve certain codes...may be look at the uniform civil code," rss leader sheshadri chari told india today.
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president-elect* ˈdɑnəld trəmp sɛd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðət wən əv ðə ki pɑrts əv ðə haʊs republicans’*’ plæn ðət wʊd tæks ˌɪmˈpɔrts ənd ɪgˈzɛmpt ˈɛkspɔrts wɑz ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd." aɪ hir ˈbɔrdər əˈʤəstmənt, aɪ ləv it,”*,” hi toʊld ðə wɔl strit ˈʤərnəl. ˈjuʒəwəli ɪt minz goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt əˈʤəstɪd ˈɪntu ə bæd dil. wət happens.”*.” ðə ˈbɔrdər əˈʤəstmənt tæks plæn ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl pɑrts əv ðə haʊs republicans’*’ tæks plæn. ðə ˈmɛʒər ɪz rɪˈpɔrtədli pɑrt əv ə ˈbrɔdər plæn tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈkəmpəˌniz tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ʤɑbz ənd pərˈdəkʃən ɪn ðə juz. trænˈzɪʃən tɪ trəmp ju teɪk aʊt ðə ˈbɔrdər əˈʤəstmənt, ju hæv tɪ ˈrɪli θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ən ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈdɪfərənt reform,”*,” kaɪl ˈpɑmərloʊ, dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑʤɛkts æt ðə tæks faʊnˈdeɪʃən, ə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈlinɪŋ grup ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, toʊld ðə ˈpeɪpər. ˈfɔrən ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət ˌɪmˈpɔrt gʊdz tɪ ðə juz. wʊd hæv tɪ peɪ ðə tæks, ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə kɔst əv ˌɪmˈpɔrts. ɪkˈspɔrtərz ləv ðə aɪˈdiə. bət ˌɪmˈpɔrtərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ bɪg ˈriˌteɪlərz ənd kənˈsumər ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks fərmz, seɪ ɪt kʊd lɛd tɪ stip praɪs ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɔn kənˈsumər gʊdz. ðə ˈlɑbiɪŋ həz ɔˈrɛdi ˈbeɪgən. kɔʧ ˈɪndəstriz ɪŋk., sɛd læst mənθ ðət ðə ˈmɛʒər kʊd bi ““devastating”*” fər ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi. ðə ˈʤərnəl, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt æˈnælɪˌsiz, sɛd ðə tæks plæn wʊd lɛd ðə ˈdɔlər tɪ əˈpriʃiˌeɪt, wɪʧ wʊd ˈɔfˌsɛt ðə kɔst fər ˈriˌteɪlərz. ˈəndər ˈkɑrənt lɔ, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈtæksɪz ðə ˈprɑfɪts əv ˈkəmpəˌniz, ˈivɪn ɪf ðə ˈməni ɪz meɪd ˈoʊvərˈsiz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈtæksɪz ɔn ˈfɔrən ˈɪnˌkəm ər dɪˈfərd ənˈtɪl ə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈiðər ˌriɪnˈvɛsts ðə ˈprɑfɪts ɪn ðə juz. ər dɪˈstrɪbjuts ðɛm tɪ ˈʃɛˌrhoʊldərz. ˈkrɪtɪks seɪ ðə ˈsɪstəm ɪnˈkərəʤəz ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst ˈprɑfɪts ˈoʊvərˈsiz ər, mɔr drəˈmætɪkəli, tɪ ʃɪft ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ənd ʤɑbz əˈbrɔd tɪ əˈvɔɪd juz. ˈtæksɪz. haʊs rɪˈpəblɪkənz wɔnt tɪ skræp əˈmɛrɪkəz ˈwərldˈwaɪd tæks ˈsɪstəm ənd ˌriˈpleɪs ɪt wɪθ ə tæks ðət ɪz beɪst ɔn wɛr ə fərmz ˈprɑdəkts ər kənˈsumd, ˈrəðər ðən wɛr ðeɪ ər prəˈdust. ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt
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president-elect donald trump said friday that one of the key parts of the house republicans’ corporate-tax plan that would tax imports and exempt exports was “too complicated."
“anytime i hear border adjustment, i love it,” he told the wall street journal. “because usually it means we’re going to get adjusted into a bad deal. what happens.”
the border adjustment tax plan is one of the most controversial parts of the house republicans’ tax plan. the measure is reportedly part of a broader plan to encourage companies to locate jobs and production in the u.s.
transition to trump
“if you take out the border adjustment, you have to really think about an entirely different reform,” kyle pomerleau, director of federal projects at the tax foundation, a conservative leaning group in washington, told the paper.
foreign companies that import goods to the u.s. would have to pay the tax, increasing the cost of imports. exporters love the idea. but importers, including big retailers and consumer electronics firms, say it could lead to steep price increases on consumer goods. the lobbying has already begun.
koch industries inc., said last month that the measure could be “devastating” for the economy. the journal, citing independent analyses, said the tax plan would lead the dollar to appreciate, which would offset the cost for retailers.
under current law, the united states taxes the profits of u.s.-based companies, even if the money is made overseas. however, taxes on foreign income are deferred until a company either reinvests the profits in the u.s. or distributes them to shareholders.
critics say the system encourages u.s.-based corporations to invest profits overseas or, more dramatically, to shift operations and jobs abroad to avoid u.s. taxes.
house republicans want to scrap america's worldwide tax system and replace it with a tax that is based on where a firm's products are consumed, rather than where they are produced.
the associated press contributed to this report
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423 ʃɛrz ʃɛr twit həz bɪn prəˈdusɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ʃoʊz ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs fər jɪrz naʊ. ɪts ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən həz bɪn ˈsərtəˌfaɪd baɪ ðə səkˈsɛs əv ʃoʊz laɪk ɪz ðə nu black,”*,” əv cards”*” ənd things.”*.” bət ʤɪst ðə ˈstrimɪŋ ˈsərvɪs ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs. ɪt həz bɪn ɪkˈspændɪŋ θruaʊt ðə gloʊb, ənd wɪθ ðət, ɪt həz bɪn kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli prəˈdust ərˈɪʤənəlz ðət ər ɛz ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɛz ˈmɛni əv ðɛr ˈjuˈɛs ʃoʊz. ðə greɪt θɪŋ əˈbaʊt ərˈɪʤənəlz ɪz ðət ðeɪ ər əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ˈprɪti məʧ ɔl ˈmɑrkɪts wɪʧ ðə keɪs fər ðə rɛst əv ðɛr ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ. 1 (ʤəˈpæn) wɔʧ ðɪs ʃoʊ ɪf ju laɪkt: girl,”*,” goʊɪŋ ɔn ər ˈdɛvəl wɛrz prada.”*.” ðɪs ʃoʊ ɪz ə ˈtoʊtəl ˈfɛmənən ˈgɪlti ˈplɛʒər, wɪθ ɪts ˈgɔrʤəs ʃɑts əv ˈgɪnzə, ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ, ˈstaɪlɪʃ ˈfæʃən ˈɪndəstri ˈmeɪvənz ənd ðə ˈtoʊtəli əˈdɔrəbəl, sˈlaɪtli meɪn ˈkɛrɪktər. bɪn dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈdɛvəl wɛrz prada,”*,” ənd ðət ɪz ˈprɪti ˈækjərət. ðə ˈstɔri ˈfɑloʊz ə jəŋ, ˈnərdi gərl neɪmd frɛʃ aʊt əv dɪˈzaɪn skul hu ɪz ə ˈtoʊtəl nərd fər nu ənd ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv ˈfæbrɪks. ʃi əˈplaɪz fər ə ʤɑb æt ə haɪɛnd ˈlɑnʒərˌeɪ haʊs ənd məst lərn tɪ wərk ˈəndər ðə dɪˈmændɪŋ dɪˈzaɪnər hu ɪz ə ˈlɛʤənd ɪn ðə ˈɪndəstri ənd ənˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ʧeɪnʤ hər kræft tɪ sut ðə taɪmz. frəm ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ˈgɔrʤəs leɪs ˈlɑnʒərˌeɪ tɪ ðə əˈdɔrəbəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ʃi həz wɪθ hər frɛnd hu wərks ɪn ə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈbraɪdəl səˈlɑn- ðɪs ʃoʊ ɪz soʊ ˈizi tɪ wɔʧ ənd pækt fʊl əv ˈfæʃən ˈɪndəstri ˌɪnˈtrig ənd ˈdrɑmə. maɪ hɑrt broʊk ə ˈlɪtəl wɪn aɪ dɪˈskəvərd ðət ““atelier”*” wɑz ə ənd wʊd nɑt hæv ə ˈsɛkənd ˈsizən bət ðət ʤɪst meɪks ɪt ɔl ðə mɔr ˈprɛʃəs. 2 (ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ) wɔʧ ðɪs ʃoʊ ɪf ju laɪkt: əv cards,”*,” ““scandal,”*,” ər ““quantico.”*.” lɛt mi stɑrt baɪ seɪɪŋ ðɪs ʃoʊ ɪz soʊ gʊd ðət aɪ dɪˈleɪd ˈfɪnɪʃɪŋ ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl soʊ aɪ kʊd bɪnʤ ɪt. ɪt stɑrz keɪt dɛl ˌkæˈstɪloʊ, ə ˈtaɪtən əv ˈmɛksəkən ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ənd ˈmuviz ɪn ðɪs bourne-film-meets-telenovela*. wət ju nid tɪ noʊ: ðə fərst ˈleɪdi əv ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, əˈmiliə ˈnɑvə, ənd hər ˈhəzbənd hæv ə ˈvaɪələnt faɪt ɪn ə hoʊˈtɛl rum əˈbaʊt hər dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ liv ɪm. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə faɪt, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt fɔlz tɪ hɪz dɛθ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈbælkəni. ɛz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ðə fərst ˈleɪdi ɔn ðə rən, ðə ˈsikrɪts əv hər ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ər rɪˈvild, ənd ɪt bɪˈkəmz klɪr ðət ˈnəθɪŋ ɪz ɛz ɪt simz. ju meɪ kəm fər ðə ˈdrɑmə əv ðə fərst fju ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz, bət ju wɪl steɪ fər ðə ass-kicking*, ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈkɛrɪktərz ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl səˈspɛns ɛz əˈmiliə goʊz ˈdipər ənd ˈdipər ˈɪntu ðə ˈəndərˌbɛli əv ˈmɛksəkən ˈpɑləˌtɪks. oʊ, ənd hæv aɪ ˈmɛnʃənd ðə mˈjuzɪk? ˈsəmˌwən nidz tɪ meɪk ə əv ɪt ˈeɪˌsæp bɪˈkəz ðə ˈsaʊnˌtræk ɪz fʊl əv ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ˈɑrtɪsts- aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ju stɑrt wɪθ ðə θim, mi baɪ lɑ ˈsænə sɪˈsiljə. 3 ˈsæmʊˌraɪ ˈgʊrˌmeɪ (ʤəˈpæn) wɔʧ ðɪs ʃoʊ ɪf ju laɪkt: reservations,”*,” drimz əv sushi,”*,” ər lunchbox.”*.” gourmet,”*,” tɛlz ðə ˈstɔri əv inogashira*, ʤɪst ˈɛnərd rɪˈtaɪərmənt, θru ðə fud hi its. ɪt ɪz ˌrɛvərˈɛnʃəl əˈbaʊt fud, laɪk ə lɔt əv fud ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən, bət ɪt teɪks ə juˈnik əˈproʊʧ, ˈrɛlɪʃɪŋ ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns əv ˈitɪŋ ənrɪˈmɑrkəbəl fud. ˈpjʊrɪti əv gourmet”*” wɪl kip mi ˈkəmɪŋ back.”*.” username=”wearethetempest”*”] ɪn ðə fərst ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd, hi ɪz ˈətərli dɪˈlaɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ drɪŋk ə bɪr ˈɛniˌtaɪm hi wɔnts, ənd bɪg bænd mˈjuzɪk swɛlz ɛz hi daʊnz hɪz ˈlɑgər. ðə ʃoʊ ɪz pjʊr ʧɑrm ənd wɪl spik tɪ ðə hɑrt əv ˈɛniˌwən hu ləvz fud. nɑt foodies*, nɑt fud snɑbz, bət ðoʊz hu ˈrɛlɪʃ ɪn ðə paʊər əv milz tɪ sərv ə ˈpərpəs. aɪ ˈkænɑt rɪˈmɛmbər ðə læst taɪm aɪ sɔ ˈsəmθɪŋ kwaɪt soʊ pjʊr ɪn ɪts ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz, wɪʧ ɪz nɑt ə ˈkɑmpləmɛnt aɪ wʊd θɪŋk tɪ peɪ ə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ʃoʊ. ðə ˈpjʊrɪti əv gourmet”*” wɪl kip mi ˈkəmɪŋ bæk. 4 3 (brəˈzɪl) wɔʧ ðɪs ʃoʊ ɪf ju laɪkt: ˈhəŋgər games,”*,” ““jericho,”*,” ər ““between.”*.” ə ˈsəkər fər ˌsaɪˈfaɪ, soʊ aɪ noʊ haʊ ɪt tʊk mi soʊ lɔŋ tɪ wɔʧ ɪt dɪˈpɪkts ə wərld dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntu tu dɪˈstɪŋkt rɛlmz: ““inland”*” ənd ““offshore,”*,” wɛr ə ˈhɛvənli world”*” həz bɪn kriˈeɪtɪd. lɪv ɪn ˈpɑvərti, ɔn lænd strɪpt ɪts ˈrisɔrsɪz, bət ər əˈlaʊd tɪ teɪk pɑrt ɪn ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈmɛntəl ənd ˈfɪzɪkəl tɛsts tɪ geɪn ˈɛntri ˈɪntu ðə ˈbɛtər wərld. wɪl meɪk ɪt θru. ə ˈsəkər fər ˌsaɪˈfaɪ, soʊ aɪ noʊ haʊ ɪt tʊk mi soʊ lɔŋ tɪ wɔʧ username=”wearethetempest”*”] ðɪs ʃoʊ ˈprɛzənts ðə ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ənd ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈstrəgəl əv goʊɪŋ θru ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. ðə ˈkænədɪts fil ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli ril, ənd nən əv ðɛm ɪz ˈsəmˌhaʊ əˈbəv ðə ˈkruəlti əv ðə ˈsɪstəm. aɪ θɪŋk wət ɪz soʊ kəmˈpɛlɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ɪt filz bəˈlivəbəl ɪˈnəf tɪ pʊl ju ˈɪntu ðə fæst ˈmuvɪŋ ˈkɑrənt əv ˌɪntərˈwivɪŋ ˈstɔriz. ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ˈwɑʧɪŋ ðɪs wɪθ ˈsəbˌtaɪtəlz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈdəbɪŋ. soʊ, wət ər ju ˈweɪtɪŋ fər? kju əp ənd ˌɪˈmərs ˈjɔrsɛlf ɪn əˈnəðər weɪ əv siɪŋ ðə wərld. wi ər soʊ ˈɔfən ˈtɛðərd tɪ ɑr foʊnz ər ˈbraʊzɪŋ ɑr ˈlæpˌtɑps waɪl ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən, ənd ðə ˈbjuti əv ðiz ʃoʊz ɪz ju du ðət. ˈwɑʧɪŋ ɪn əˈnəðər ˈlæŋgwɪʤ dɪˈmændz jʊr əˈtɛnʃən ənd rɪˈwɔrdz ɪt baɪ əˈlaʊɪŋ ju tɪ spɛnd ə ˈlɪtəl taɪm monotasking*. ənd æt ðə seɪm taɪm səˈpɔrtɪŋ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl (ənd, ɛz ɪz ðə keɪs wɪθ ðiz ʃoʊz, ˈnɑnˈwaɪt) ˈɑrtɪsts. ˈpərsənəli, aɪ ləv ɪt, ənd aɪ hoʊp ju wɪl tu.
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netflix has beenoducing incredible tv shows in the us for years now. its reputation has been certified by the success of shows like “orange is the new black,” “house of cards” and “stranger things.”
but netflix isn’t just the go-to streaming service in the us. it has been expanding throughout the globe, and with that, it has been creating internationallyoduced netflix originals that are as engaging as many of their us shows. the great thing about originals is that they are available inetty much all netflix markets which isn’t the case for the rest of theirogramming.
1. atelier (japan)
watch this show if you liked: “gossip girl,” “13 going on 30”, or “the devil wearsada.”
this show is a total feminine guilty pleasure, with its gorgeous shots of ginza, tokyo, stylish fashion industry mavens and the totally adorable, slightly klutzy main character. it’s been described as a japanese “the devil wearsada,” and that isetty accurate.
the story follows a young, nerdy girl named mayuko fresh out of design school who is a total nerd for new and innovative fabrics. she applies for a job at a high-end bespoke lingerie house and must learn to work under the demanding designer mayumi nanjo who is a legend in the industry and unwilling to change her craft to suit the times. from the photos of gorgeous lace lingerie to the adorable relationship she has with her friend who works in a japanese bridal salon- this show is so easy to watch and packed full of fashion industry intrigue and drama. my heart broke a little when i discovered that “atelier” was a mini-series and would not have a second season but that just makes it all the moreecious.
2. ingobernable (mexico)
watch this show if you liked: “house of cards,” “scandal,” or “quantico.”
let me start by saying this show is so good that i delayed finishing this article so i could binge it. it stars kate del castillo, a titan of mexican television and movies in this bourne-film-meets-telenovela. here’s what you need to know: the first lady of mexico, emilia nava, and her husband have a violent fight in a hotel room about her decision to leave him. during the fight, theesident falls to his death over the balcony. as the government mobilizes to locate the first lady who’s on the run, the secrets of her husband’s administration are revealed, and it becomes clear that nothing is as it seems.
you may come for the drama of the first few episodes, but you will stay for the ass-kicking, female characters and political suspense as emilia goes deeper and deeper into the underbelly of mexican politics. oh, and have i mentioned the music? someone needs to make a playlist of it asap because the soundtrack is full of incredible latinx artists- i recommend you start with the theme, me verás by la santa cecilia.
3. samurai gourmet (japan)
watch this show if you liked: “no reservations,” “jiro dreams of sushi,” or “the lunchbox.”
“samurai gourmet,” tells the story of goro inogashira, who’s just entered retirement, through the food he eats. it is reverential about food, like a lot of food tv, but it takes a unique approach, relishing the quotidian experience of eating unremarkable food.
[bctt tweet=”the purity of “samurai gourmet” will keep me coming back.” username=”wearethetempest”]
in the first episode, he is utterly delighted by theospect of being able to drink a beer anytime he wants, and big band music swells as he downs his lager. the show is pure charm and will speak to the heart of anyone who loves food. not foodies, not food snobs, but those who relish in the power of meals to serve a purpose. i cannot remember the last time i saw something quite so pure in its intentions, which is not a compliment i would think to pay a tv show. the purity of “samurai gourmet” will keep me coming back.
4. 3% (brazil)
watch this show if you liked: “the hunger games,” “jericho,” or “between.”
i’m a sucker for dystopian sci-fi, so i don’t know how it took me so long to watch “3%.” it depicts a world divided into two distinct realms: “inland” and “offshore,” where a heavenly “better world” has been created. inlanders live in poverty, on land stripped its resources, but are allowed to take part in a series of mental and physical tests to gain entry into the better world. “3%” will make it through.
[bctt tweet=”i’m a sucker for dystopian sci-fi, so i don’t know how it took me so long to watch ‘3%.'” username=”wearethetempest”]
this showesents the emotional and psychological struggle of going through theocess. the candidates feel incredibly real, and none of them is somehow above the cruelty of the system. i think that’s what is so compelling about the “3%”: it feels believable enough to pull you into the fast moving current of interweaving stories. i’d recommend watching this with subtitles instead of the english dubbing.
so, what are you waiting for? queue up netflix and immerse yourself in another way of seeing the world. we are so often tethered to our phones or browsing our laptops while watching tv, and the beauty of these shows is you can’t do that. watching in another language demands your attention and rewards it by allowing you to spend a little time monotasking.
and at the same time you’re supporting international (and, as is the case with these shows, non-white) artists. personally, i love it, and i hope you will too.
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ɪt wɑz ə ˈsɪmpəl ɪˈnəf kˈwɛʃən, aɪ θɔt. "ɪf ju hæd bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ wərk wɪθ ə ˈwʊmən ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn fɑr kraɪ 4 wət wʊd ju hæv dən? ɪt saʊnz laɪk ju wər ɪn ðə ˈplænɪŋ ˈfeɪzɪz əv ɪt, æt list." ðə rɪˈspɑns frəm ðə geɪmz ˈnɛrətɪv dɪˈrɛktər? ˈtoʊtəl ˈsaɪləns. aɪ ˈdɪdənt du maɪ buθ tʊr ənˈtɪl ðə ˈfaɪnəl deɪ əv ənd ðə ˈifɛkt ɔn ðə pleɪs ˈæftər ə wik əv ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə læk əv ˈwɪmən ɪn əˈsæsənz krid ˈjunɪti wɑz... prəˈnaʊnst. ɪt wɑz ən ˈɔkwərd ˈmoʊmənt ɛz fɑr kraɪ 4 ˈnɛrətɪv dɪˈrɛktər mɑrk ˈtɑmsən ənd ə rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv ˈnərvəsli glænst bæk ənd fɔrθ, fərst æt iʧ ˈəðər, ðɛn æt mi. ˈθəndərəs bits frəm ə lɪv tɪ "wət dɪz ðə fɑks seɪ" ʤɪst ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ɑr ˈɪntərvˌju rum ˈɛkoʊd fər wət fɛlt laɪk fərˈɛvər. ˈʃæˌdoʊz ɪn ðə ˈdɪmli lɪt speɪs baʊnst ˈɛvəri soʊ sˈlaɪtli. ə smɔl ɛr kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ ˈjunɪt bɛlʧt aʊt ˈʧɪli wɪnd. "ɪf ju kʊd ˈmeɪbi æsk əˈbaʊt ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls..." ðə rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈmoʊʃənd əˌpɑləˈʤɛtɪˌkli. ˈtɑmsən lʊkt laɪk hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ seɪ ˈsəmθɪŋ, bət hi bɪt daʊn ɔn hɪz təŋ. hɪz aɪz ˈdɑrtɪd daʊn tɪ ðə flɔr ɪn ə ˈmænər ðət riˈmaɪndɪd mi əv waɪl i. kaɪˈoʊti ˈstɛpɪŋ ɔf ə klɪf ənd ˈstændɪŋ ɪn fər ə ˈmoʊmənt, ˈoʊnli tɪ ˈpləmət laɪk ə kɑrˈtun ˈænvəl ðə ˈsɛkənd hi ˈriəˌlaɪzɪz ðɛrz noʊ graʊnd bɪˈniθ hɪz fit. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt "wət aɪ kən seɪ ɪz... noʊ, noʊ, aɪ ˈʃʊdənt," ˈtɑmsən ˈfaɪnəli ˈblərtɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈlæfɪŋ tɪ ˈlaɪtən ðə mud. ɪt ˈwəzənt ðə fərst taɪm ðɪs sɔrt əv θɪŋ hæd ˈhæpənd ðət deɪ, ənd aɪ ˈdɛfənətli ˈdɪdənt bleɪm ˈtɑmsən ər ðə gaɪ. ðeɪd boʊθ bɪn ɪkˈstrimli ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk ənd ˈhɛlpfəl ˈəðərˌwaɪz, bət ɪt wɑz klɪr ðət ðɛr hænz wər taɪd. ˈmænˌdeɪt frəm ɔn haɪ ənd ɔl ðət. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt aɪ gɑt maɪ fərst ˈmoʊmənt əv ˈɔkwərd ˈsaɪləns waɪl ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ən əˈsæsənz krid ˈjunɪti prəˈdusər, bət ðət ˈdɪdənt ɪnˈtaɪərli ʃɑk mi. hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈɪʃud ən əˈfɪʃəl ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ðə ˈmætər, ˈæftər ɔl. ɪt feɪld ɪn ˈmɛni weɪz tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈrizənz ˈpipəl ˈəpˌsɛt, bət stɪl: sɛd ðɛr bɪt, dru ðɛr laɪn ɪn ðə sænd. wət gɑt mi wɑz ðət ˈwɪmən ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl simd tɪ bi ə tæˈbu ˈsəbʤɪkt. ˈivɪn wɪn aɪ æst əˈbaʊt ðə ˈwʊmən ˈhɑstɪʤ ɪn ˈreɪnˌboʊ sɪks ˈhɑstɪʤ moʊd (wɛˈrɪn timz kəmˈpit tɪ ˈrɛskju ər ˈkæpʧər ə ˈhɑstɪʤ, ɛz sin ðɛr wʊd bi meɪl ˈhɑstəʤəz ɛz wɛl, ˌɪntərvjuˈi ˈnɪrli gɑt kət ɔf baɪ. ɪts wən θɪŋ fər bɪg ˈpəblɪʃərz tɪ klæm əp ˈɔnˌlaɪn, bət ɪts əˈnəðər tɪ si ɪt ˈhæpən ɪn ˈpərsən. tɪ bi ˈspikɪŋ ˈfeɪstuˈfeɪs wɪθ ə ˈklɪrli ˈpæʃənət, ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd, ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpər ˈoʊnli tɪ hæv ðɛm goʊ ənd ˈsaɪlənt wɪˈθaʊt ˈwɔrnɪŋ. ɪts laɪk ə kəmˈpjutər ˈsədənli ˈlɑkɪŋ əp ɔn ju, ˈoʊnli ɪts feɪs ɪz ˌdɪˈsaɪdədli ˈjumən. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt bæk tɪ fɑr kraɪ. ˌbiˈfɔr maɪ kˈwɛʃən graʊnd ðə ˈɪntərvˌju tɪ ə hɔlt, wi hæd ə ˈvɛri fræŋk dɪˈskəʃən əˈbaʊt wət wɛnt rɔŋ wɪθ ðə bɪg fɑr kraɪ 4 bɑks ɑrt fiˈæskoʊ. ˈtɑmsən əˈgrid ðət ˈpipəl ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈnidɪd mɔr ˈkɑntɛkst, ənd wɪˈθaʊt ɪt ðeɪ ʤəmpt tɪ kənˈkluʒənz ənd əˈsumd ðə wərst. ɪt wɑz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aʊt əv hɪz hænz. ðɛr ər ˈkaʊntləs ˈmuvɪŋ pɑrts ɪn bɪg ˈbəʤɪt geɪm dɪˈvɛləpmənt. wɪn ɑr ˈmoʊmənt əv ˈsaɪləns ˈɛndɪd, aɪ ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ðɪs ɪz kaɪnd əv ə ˈsɪmələr ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. wəns əˈgɛn, həz riˈlist ə smɔl ˈsteɪtmənt waɪl ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈrɪli ˈæˌdrɛs ðə meɪn ˈɪʃu (ðət ɪt simz laɪk ˈwɪmən wərənt ˈrɪli ə praɪˈɔrəti hir; ðət ɪt simz laɪk ˈnɛvər ˈrɪli traɪd), ənd ðæts ɪt. wəns əˈgɛn, ˈpipəl ər əˈsumɪŋ ðə wərst waɪl ˌɪˈlɛkts tɪ ˈsaɪdˌstɛp ən ˈɪʃu ˈrəðər ðən ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪt head-on*. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt "jæ, wi ˈdɛfənətli θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðət," sɛd ðə rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. aɪ ˈrɪli hoʊp ðeɪ du. ɪz ə brænʧ əv ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ˈtɛlɪŋ ju ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt maɪ ædˈvɛnʧərz ɪn ðə ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈɪndəstri (ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈəðər ˈɔfˈbit ənˈkəmfərtəbəl ˈsəbʤɪkts). ɪts ən ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ɪn dɪˈskloʊʒər, ˈstɔriˌtɛlɪŋ, ˈɪntərvˌjuɪŋ, ənd mɔr. ðə ˈgeɪmɪŋ ˈɪndəstri ɪz wɪrd. ˈpipəl ər wɪrd. aɪ æm wɪrd. ju ər wɪrd. waɪ haɪd ðət? lɛts ɪkˈsplɔr ɪt.
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it was a simple enough question, i thought. "if you had been able to work with a playable woman character in far cry 4, what would you have done? it sounds like you were in the planning phases of it, at least." the response from the game's narrative director? total silence.
i didn't do my ubisoft booth tour until the final day of e3, and the effect on the place after a week of controversy surrounding the lack of playable women in assassin's creed unity was... pronounced.
it was an awkward moment as far cry 4 narrative director mark thompson and a ubisoft pr rep nervously glanced back and forth, first at each other, then at me. thunderous beats from a live just-dance-a-long to "what does the fox say" just outside our interview room echoed for what felt like forever. shadows in the dimly lit space bounced every so slightly. a small air conditioning unit belched out chilly wind. "if you could maybe ask about something else..." the pr rep eventually motioned apologetically.
thompson looked like he wanted to say something, but he bit down on his tongue. his eyes darted down to the floor in a manner that reminded me of wile e. coyote stepping off a cliff and standing in mid-air for a moment, only to plummet like a cartoon anvil the second he realizes there's no ground beneath his feet.
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"what i can say is... no, no, i shouldn't," thompson finally blurted before laughing to lighten the mood.
it wasn't the first time this sort of thing had happened that day, and i definitely didn't blame thompson or the pr guy. they'd both been extremely enthusiastic and helpful otherwise, but it was clear that their hands were tied. mandate from on high and all that.
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i got my first moment of awkward silence while talking to an assassin's creed unity producer, but that didn't entirely shock me. ubisoft had already issued an official statement on the matter, after all. it failed in many ways to address the actual reasons people were/are upset, but still: ubi said their bit, drew their line in the sand.
what got me was that women in general seemed to be a taboo subject. even when i asked about the woman hostage in rainbow six siege's hostage mode (wherein teams compete to rescue or capture a hostage, as seen here)—whether there would be male hostages as well, etc—my interviewee nearly got cut off by pr.
it's one thing for big publishers to clam up online, but it's another to see it happen in person. to be speaking face-to-face with a clearly passionate, interested, interesting developer only to have them go sheet-white and pin-drop silent without warning. it's like a computer suddenly locking up on you, only its face is decidedly human.
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back to far cry. before my question ground the interview to a halt, we had a very frank discussion about what went wrong with the big far cry 4 box art fiasco. thompson agreed that people probably needed more context, and without it they jumped to conclusions and assumed the worst. it was, however, out of his hands. there are countless moving parts in big budget game development.
when our moment of silence ended, i pointed out that this is kind of a similar situation. once again, ubisoft has released a small statement while failing to really address the main issue (that it seems like women weren't really a priority here; that it seems like ubi never really tried), and that's it. once again, people are assuming the worst while ubisoft elects to sidestep an issue rather than engage it head-on.
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"yeah, we definitely think about that," said the pr rep.
i really hope they do.
tmi is a branch of kotaku dedicated to telling you everything about my adventures in the gaming industry (and sometimes other offbeat and/or uncomfortable subjects). it's an experiment in disclosure, storytelling, interviewing, and more. the gaming industry is weird. people are weird. i am weird. you are weird. why hide that? let's explore it.
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•* sæm hoʊps ˈdəʧmən wɪl bi fərst əv tu ərˈaɪvəlz ðɪs wik dɪˈfɛndər stɑrd ɪn ɪˈskeɪp ˈəndər læst ˈsizən ˈkrɪstəl ˈpæləs ər kloʊz tɪ ˈriʧɪŋ ən əˈgrimənt wɪθ ðɛr ˈraɪvəlz ˈsəndərlənd tɪ saɪn ˈpætrɪk væn ɪn ə dil ðət kʊd raɪz tɪ, wɪθ sæm ˈhoʊpfəl ðə dəʧ wɪl bi ðə fərst əv tu nu ərˈaɪvəlz æt pɑrk ðɪs wik. ˈtrænsfər ˈwɪndoʊ ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2017 ˈɛvəri dil ɪn ˈjʊrəps tɔp faɪv ligz rɛd mɔr væn, ə ˈsaɪnɪŋ frəm ˈʧɛlsi ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 2014 həz bɪn ə ˈrɛgjələr ɪn ðə ˈsəndərlənd saɪd sɪns hi ʤɔɪnd bət həz nɑt kənˈvɪnst ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈmænɪʤər, ˈdeɪvɪd mɔɪz, əv hɪz dɪˈfɛnsɪv praʊəs., ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ikt mɔr kənˈvɪnsɪŋ fɔrm frəm ðə ˈhɑlənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl waɪl ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ˈsəndərlənd læst ˈsizən, wɪθ ðə ə ki pərˈfɔrmər ɪn ðə leɪt sprɪnt əˈweɪ frəm ˈtrəbəl. ˈpæləs hæv bɪn wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈnæʧərəl, ˈsinjər sɪns peɪp souaré*é broʊk hɪz θaɪ boʊn ənd ʤɔ ɪn ə kɑr kræʃ ɔn ðə ˈɛmθˈri ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər. ðə ˌsɛnəgəˈliz huz ˈɪnʤəriz hæd ˈpriviəsli kæst daʊts ˈoʊvər hɪz fˈjuʧər ɪn ðə geɪm rɪˈtərnd tɪ laɪt ˈtreɪnɪŋ æt læst wik bət wɪl nɑt ˈfiʧər əˈgɛn ðɪs ˈsizən. ðət həz ˈprɑmptɪd bɪdz fər ə ˈnəmbər əv dɪˈfɛndərz, frəm ˈtɑtənˌhæm bɛn ˈdeɪviz tɪ ˈʧɑrli ˈteɪlər æt lidz, ˈrɑbi ˈbreɪdi æt ˈnɔrwɪʧ tɪ pəˈtris evra*. əˈməŋ ðoʊz wɑz ə bɪd səbˈmɪtəd fər væn læst wik ɪn ðə hoʊp ɪt maɪt tɛmpt ˈsəndərlənd ˈɪntu ə seɪl, ˈoʊnli fər ðə kləb tɪ ˈriʤɛkt ðə ˈɔfər. ˈpæləs hæv rɪˈtərnd wɪθ ən ˌɪmˈpruvd prəˈpoʊzəl, bɪˈlivd tɪ bi wərθ ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl bət pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈraɪzɪŋ tɪ dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn əˈʧivmənts ənd əˈpɪrənsəz, tɪ wɪʧ ˈsəndərlənd ər əˈpɛrəntli mɔr rɪˈsɛptɪv. ðeɪ ər ˈsikɪŋ tɪ reɪz fəndz tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ðɛr oʊn ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənts ɪn wət rɪˈmeɪnz əv ðə ˈtrænsfər ˈwɪndoʊ, waɪl væn ɪz ˌəndərˈstʊd tɪ hæv meɪd klɪr hi ɪz kin ɔn ə muv tɪ pɑrk. hoʊps tɪ meɪk æt list tu əˈdɪʃənz ðɪs wik, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɔn frəm ðə ˈpərʧəs əv ˈʤɛfri frəm ˈlɛstər, wɪθ hɪz praɪˈɔrəti ˈæftər ə ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ə ˈsɛntrəl hu kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔpərˌeɪt æt centre-half*. ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈɪŋglənd ˈmænɪʤər ɪz ˈigər tɪ æd mɔr æθˈlɛtɪˌsɪzm tɪ hɪz skwɑd ˈæftər siɪŋ hɪz nu tim feɪl tɪ wɪn ˈɛni əv hɪz fərst faɪv prɛˈmɪr lig geɪmz ɪn ʧɑrʤ. ˈpæləs drɑpt ˈɪntu ðə ˈbɑtəm θri ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˈæftər ˈluzɪŋ æt hoʊm tɪ ˈɛvərtən, ðɛr lɔs ɪn 15 lig geɪmz. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ stɪl hoʊp tɪ sɪˈkjʊr kɑrl ˈʤɛŋkɪnsən frəm ˈɑrsənəl fər əraʊnd æt səm steɪʤ, bət ər jɛt tɪ əˈgri ˈpərsɪnəl tərmz fər ðə ˈwəˌtaɪm ˈɪŋglənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl, ənd wʊd muv fər ðə həl ˈfɔrwərd ˈrɑbərt sˈnɑdˌgræs ɪf ˈfərðər ˈməni kən bi reɪzd wɪθ ən ˈaʊtˌgoʊɪŋ ˈtrænsfər. ˈɪntəˌrɛst həz bɪn ɪkˈsprɛst ɪn baɪ mɑrˈsaɪl ənd ˈnuˌkæsəl hæv ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ə ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ teɪk ˈændrɑs ˈtaʊnzənd bæk tɪ tyneside*, ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ɔn loʊn wɪθ ə vju tɪ ə ˈsəmər ˈtrænsfər. wɛst hæm ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkəvət sˈnɑdˌgræs ənd ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ lɑʤ ən ˌɪmˈpruvd bɪd əv. ðə ˈstraɪkər skɑt ˈhoʊˌgɑn rɪˈmeɪnz ə ˈtərgət fər sˈleɪvən saɪd, wɪθ ðə ˈlaɪkli tɪ kɔst ˈkloʊzər tɪ £15m*. ˈsəndərlənd wʊd hæv tɪ ˈɛnər ðə ˈmɑrkɪt tɪ saɪn ə rɪˈpleɪsmənt fər væn, bət ər breɪst tɪ mɪs aʊt ɔn ˈbreɪdi, hu ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ muv tɪ ˈbərnli ˌbiˈfɔr nɛkst ˈdɛˌdlaɪn. ˈsəndərlənd ər, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ saɪn ɔn ə fri ˈtrænsfər. ðə dɪˈfɛndər ɪz ˈkərəntli wɪˈθaʊt ə kləb.
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• sam allardyce hopes dutchman will be first of two arrivals this week • defenderarred in sunderland’s escape under allardyce last season
crystal palace are close to reaching an agreement with their relegation rivals sunderland to sign patrick van aanholt in a deal that could rise to £12m, with sam allardyce hopeful the dutch full-back will be the first of two new arrivals at selhurst park this week.
transfer window january 2017: every deal in europe's top five leagues read more
van aanholt, a £1.5m signing from chelsea in the summer of 2014, has been a regular in the sunderland side since he joined but has not convinced the current manager, david moyes, of his defensive prowess. allardyce, however, eked more convincing form from the holland international while in charge of sunderland last season, with the 26-year-old a key performer in the club’s late sprint away from trouble.
palace have been without a natural, senior left-back since pape souaré broke his thigh bone and jaw in a car crash on the m3 in september. the senegalese – whose injuries had previously cast doubts over his future in the game – returned to light training at beckenham last week but will not feature again this season. that has prompted bids for a number of left-sided defenders, from tottenham hotspur’s ben davies to charlie taylor at leeds, robbie brady at norwich to juventus’s patrice evra.
among those was a £7m bid submitted for van aanholt last week in the hope it might tempt sunderland into a sale, only for the wearside club to reject the offer. palace have returned with an improved proposal, believed to be worth an initial £9m but potentially rising to £12m depending on achievements and appearances, to which sunderland are apparently more receptive. they are seeking to raise funds to secure their own reinforcements in what remains of the transfer window, while van aanholt is understood to have made clear he is keen on a move to selhurst park.
allardyce hopes to make at least two additions this week, following on from the purchase of jeffrey schlupp from leicester, with his priority after a left-back likely to be a central midfielder who can also operate at centre-half. the former england manager is eager to add more athleticism to his squad after seeing his new team fail to win any of his first five premier league games in charge.
palace dropped into the bottom three on saturday after losing 1-0 at home to everton, their 12th loss in 15 league games.
they alsoill hope to secure carl jenkinson from arsenal for around £7m at someage, but are yet to agree personal terms for the one-time england international, and would move for the hull forward robert snodgrass if further money can be raised with an outgoing transfer. interest has been expressed in yohan cabaye by marseille and newcastle have indicated a willingness to take andros townsend back to tyneside, initially on loan with a view to a £10m summer transfer.
west ham also covet snodgrass and are expected to lodge an improved bid of £10m. the brentfordriker scott hogan remains a target for slaven bilic’s side, with the 24-year-old likely to cost closer to £15m.
sunderland would have to enter the market to sign a replacement for van aanholt, but are braced to miss out on brady, who is expected to move to burnley before next tuesday’s deadline. sunderland are, however, expected to sign joleon lescott on a free transfer. the defender is currently without a club.
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semyon* fræŋk (ˈrəʃən: wɑz ə ˈrəʃən fəˈlɑsəfər. bɔrn ˈɪntu ə ʤuɪʃ ˈfæməli, hi bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈkrɪsʧɪn ɪn 1912 ˈərli laɪf ənd ˈstədiz ˈɛdət fræŋk wɑz bɔrn ɪn ˈrəʃə ɪn 1877 ɪn ˈmɔˌskaʊ, ɪn ə ʤuɪʃ ˈfæməli. hɪz ˈfɑðər, ə ˈdɔktər, daɪd wɪn ðə bɔɪ wɑz jəŋ, ənd hi wɑz brɔt əp baɪ hɪz məˈtərnəl ˈgrænˌfɑðər, ɛm. rossiansky*, ən ˈɔrθəˌdɑks ʤu, hu tɔt ɪm ˈhibru ənd tʊk ɪm tɪ ðə ˈsɪnəˌgɔg. θru hɪz ˈstɛpˌfɑðər, ðə ˈpɑpjələst vi. aɪ. zæk, hi wɑz ˌɪntrəˈdust tɪ ðə wərks əv ɛn. keɪ. ənd ˈəðər ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛriz. æt ˈsɛkənˌdɛri skul hi bɪˈkeɪm ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈmɑrksɪzəm. ɪn 1894 hi bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈstədi lɔ æt ˈmɔˌskaʊ ˌjunəˈvərsəti, bət spɛnt mɔr taɪm ˈpriʧɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm tɪ ðə ˈwərkərz, bət baɪ 1896 hi faʊnd ˈmɑrksɪst ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈθɪriz ˌənsətɪsˈfæktəri, ðoʊ hi rɪˈmeɪnd ə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst. ɪn 1899 hi roʊt ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnɛri ˈpæmflət wɪʧ gɑt ɪm ɪkˈspɛld frəm ˈmɔˌskaʊ; soʊ hi kəmˈplitɪd hɪz ˈstədiz əv fəˈlɑsəfi ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪn bərˈlɪn. ɪn 1900 hi ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ˈrəʃən ə krɪˈtik əv ˈθɪri əv ˈvælju. ɪn 1901 hi rɪˈtərnd tɪ ˈrəʃə ənd rɪˈsivd hɪz ˈbæʧələrz dɪˈgri æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈkeɪzən. ðɛˈræftər fəˈlɑsəfi bɪˈkeɪm hɪz meɪn priˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən. kərɪr ɛz fəˈlɑsəfər ˈɛdət ɪn 1901 ˈpitər struv ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd fræŋk tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ hɪz kəˈlɛkʃən, ðə ˈprɑbləm əv aɪˈdilɪzəm (ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 1902 wɪʧ məˈtɪriəˌlɪzəm ənd ˈpɑzətɪˌvɪzəm. hi spɛnt ðə nɛkst faɪv jɪrz bɪtˈwin ˈmɔˌskaʊ ənd ˈʤərməni, ˈraɪtɪŋ ənd ˈtrænsˌleɪtɪŋ ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl wərks ənd əˈsɪstɪŋ struv. bɪtˈwin 1902 ənd 1905 hi kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ˌpɪriˈɑdɪkəl, ('ˌlɪˌbərˈeɪʃən'), ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ˈstətgərt ənd ˈpɛrɪs ɪn 1906 hi muvd tɪ ˈpitərzbərg ənd kənˈtrɪbjutɪd ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl ˈɛˌseɪz tɪ ˌpɪriˈɑdɪkəl, mysl*. ɪn 1908 hi kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðə ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl sɪmˈpoʊziəm, ('ˈsaɪnˌpoʊsts'). ɪn 1908 hi ˈmɛrid tɑˈtjɑnɑ wɪθ hum hi wʊd hæv fɔr ˈʧɪldrən: əˈlɛkˌseɪ nəˈtɑljə ənd ˈvɪktər. ɪn 1912 hi kənˈvərtɪd tɪ ˈɔrθəˌdɑks ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti, ənd bɪˈgæn ˈlɛkʧərɪŋ ɔn fəˈlɑsəfi æt ˈpitərzbərg ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ˈleɪtər, hi roʊt, "aɪ kənˈsɪdər maɪ ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti ɛz ðə kəmˈpliʃən əv maɪ oʊld ˈtɛstəmənt ˈəpˌbrɪŋɪŋ, ɛz ən ɔrˈgænɪk ˌɛvəˈluʃən beɪst ɔn ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs faʊnˈdeɪʃənz wɪʧ aɪ ækˈsɛptɪd ɪn maɪ fræŋk spɛnt ɪn ˈʤərməni, wɛr hi roʊt dər dɪ ('ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt əv ˈnɑlɪʤ') fər wɪʧ hi rɪˈsivd hɪz ˈmæstərz dɪˈgri 1916 ɪt wɑz ˈfɑloʊd baɪ hɪz ('mænz soʊl') 1917 ɪn ˈsəmər 1917 fræŋk wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd din əv ðə ɑrts ˈfækəlti əv ðə nu ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈsɛrəˌtɔv. ɪn 1921 hi wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ðə ʧɛr əv fəˈlɑsəfi ɪn ˈmɔˌskaʊ ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ðɛr hi ʤɔɪnd ðə fəˈlɑsəfər ˈnɪkoʊˌlaɪ berdyaev*, hu wɑz dɪˈrɛktɪŋ ðə fri əˈkædəmi əv ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl ˈkəlʧər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn ʤun 1922 hi ənd ˈəðər ˌɪntəˈlɛkʧuəlz wər ɪkˈspɛld frəm ðə ˈsoʊviˌɛt ˈjunjən, ɔn ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld "fəˈlɑsəfərz' ʃɪp". fræŋk spɛnt ðə rɛst əv laɪf səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ðə wərld ˈkaʊnsəl əv ˈʧərʧɪz ənd hɪz frɛnd, ðə swɪs saɪˈkɑləʤəst ənd existentialist*, ˈlədwɪg binswanger*. frəm 1922 tɪ 1937 hi wɑz ɪn ˈʤərməni, bət frəm 1933 hɪz ʤuɪʃ ˈænsɛstri ˈrɛndərd ɪm ənɪmˈplɔɪəbəl ɪn ˈʤərməni. fliɪŋ ðə ˈnɑtsi ˌpərsəˈkjuʃən əv ðə ʤuz, hi muvd tɪ ˈpɛrɪs ɪn 1937 ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈɛkˌsaɪl, hi ˈpəblɪʃt ˈsɛvərəl bʊks ənd ˈɑrtɪkəlz ɪn ˈrəʃən ənd ˈɑrtɪkəlz ɪn ˈʤərmən, frɛnʧ ənd dəʧ. hi ənd hɪz waɪf sərˈvaɪvd wərld wɔr baɪ ˈhaɪdɪŋ nɪr grəˈnoʊbəl; ðɛr fɔr ˈʧɪldrən ɪˈskeɪpt tɪ ˈbrɪtən. ɪn ðə ˈərli jɪrz əv ðə wɔr hi roʊt 'gɑd wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs', ðə fərst əv hɪz wərks tɪ bi trænzˈleɪtəd ˈɪntu ˈɪŋlɪʃ (ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 1946 ɪn 1945 hi ənd hɪz waɪf muvd tɪ ˈbrɪtən. fræŋk daɪd əv ləŋ ˈkænsər ɪn ˈləndən. hi ənd hɪz waɪf ər ˈbɛrid ɪn ˈhɛndoʊn ˈsɛmɪˌtɛri ɪn ˈləndən. ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪkəl ˈɛdət fræŋks fəˈlɑsəfi wɑz beɪst ɔn ðə ˌɑntəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈθɪri ˈnɑlɪʤ. ðɪs ˈminɪŋ ðət ˈnɑlɪʤ wɑz ˌɪnˈtuətɪv ɪn hoʊl bət ˈɔlsoʊ æbˈstrækʃən ɪn ˈlɑʤɪk. ˈlɑʤɪk biɪŋ ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ˈoʊnli pɑrt əv fræŋk tɔt ðət ɪgˈzɪstəns wɑz biɪŋ bət ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈkəmɪŋ. ɛz bɪˈkəmɪŋ, wən həz daɪˈnæmɪk pəˈtɛnʃəl. ðəs wənz fˈjuʧər ɪz ˌɪndɪˈtərmɪnɪt sɪns ˌriˈæləˌti ɪz boʊθ ˈræʃənəl ənd ˌɪˈræʃənəl. ɛz ˌriˈæləˌti ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˈjunɪti əv ˌræʃəˈnælɪti ənd ˌɪˌræʃəˈnæləti i.e*. əv nəˈsɛsɪti ənd fræŋks pəˈzɪʃən biɪŋ fər ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv fri ˌbɪbliˈɑgrəfi ˈɛdət [ˈlændˌmɑrks] 1907 [ˈlændˌmɑrks] 1907 dər dɪ. ənd dər [ˈnɑlɪʤ. ˈprɪnsəpəlz ənd ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz əv kənˈsɛpʧuəl pərˈsɛpʃən] 1915 (frɛnʧ trænzˈleɪʃən, 'lɑ ɛt l'etre*', 1937 [ˈnɑlɪʤ. ˈprɪnsəpəlz ənd ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz əv kənˈsɛpʧuəl pərˈsɛpʃən] 1915 (frɛnʧ trænzˈleɪʃən, 'lɑ ɛt l'etre*', 1937 1917 (ˈɪŋlɪʃ tr*., 'mænz soʊl', 1993 1917 (ˈɪŋlɪʃ tr*., 'mænz soʊl', 1993 ðə ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsaɪənsɪz 1921 [ɪn ˈrəʃən] 1921 [ɪn ˈrəʃən] vi (i.e*. 'ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ fəˈlɑsəfi') 1922 (i.e*. 'ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ fəˈlɑsəfi') 1922 1923 1923 [i.e*. 'ðə ˈdaʊnˌfɔl əv ˈaɪdəlz'] 1924 [i.e*. 'ðə ˈdaʊnˌfɔl əv ˈaɪdəlz'] 1924 rɪˈlɪʤən ənd saɪəns [ɪn ˈrəʃən] 1924 [ɪn ˈrəʃən] 1924 1926 (ˈɪŋlɪʃ tr*., 'ðə ˈminɪŋ əv laɪf', 2010 1926 (ˈɪŋlɪʃ tr*., 'ðə ˈminɪŋ əv laɪf', 2010 ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ˈmɑrksɪzəm [ɪn ˈrəʃən] 1926 [ɪn ˈrəʃən] 1926 daɪ dər gəˈsɛlʃæft 1930 [ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn ˈrəʃən] (ˈɪŋlɪʃ tr*., 'ðə ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl faʊnˈdeɪʃənz əv soʊˈsaɪɪti', 1987 1930 [ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn ˈrəʃən] (ˈɪŋlɪʃ tr*., 'ðə ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl faʊnˈdeɪʃənz əv soʊˈsaɪɪti', 1987 ənd mɛnʃ [ˌriˈæləˌti ənd ˈmænˈkaɪnd] [ˌriˈæləˌti ənd ˈmænˈkaɪnd] (i.e*. 'ðə ənˈfæðəməbəl') 1939 (ˈɪŋlɪʃ tr*., 'ðə ənˈnoʊəbəl: ən ˌɑntəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ ðə fəˈlɑsəfi əv rɪˈlɪʤən', 1983 (i.e*. 'ðə ənˈfæðəməbəl') 1939 (ˈɪŋlɪʃ tr*., 'ðə ənˈnoʊəbəl: ən ˌɑntəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən tɪ ðə fəˈlɑsəfi əv rɪˈlɪʤən', 1983 gɑd wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs: θri ˌmɛdɪˈteɪʃənz trænzˈleɪtəd frəm ðə ˈrəʃən baɪ ˈnætəli 1946 1946 laɪt ənd ˈdɑrknəs [ɪn ˈrəʃən] 1949 (ˈɪŋlɪʃ tr*., 'laɪt ɪn ˈdɑrknəs', 1989 [ɪn ˈrəʃən] 1949 (ˈɪŋlɪʃ tr*., 'laɪt ɪn ˈdɑrknəs', 1989 vi. solovyev*: ən ænˈθɔləˌʤi 1950 1950 ˌriˈæləˌti ənd mæn 1956 si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət s.l*. fræŋk ə ˈmɪsəˌleɪni (ɪn ˈrəʃən) 1954 mˈjunɪk), ˈæbˌstrækt ˈlɑʤɪkəl ɪz ˈoʊnli ˈpɑsəbəl bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˌɪntuˈɪʃən əv ðɪs ˈjunɪti. ə ˈlɑʤɪkli dɪˈtərmənd ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪz ən ˈɑbʤɛkt səˈbɔrdəˌneɪtɪd tɪ ðə lɔz əv aɪˈdɛntəˌti, ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkʃən ənd ɪkˈskludɪd mibble*: ɪt ɪz ə ɪn tɪ ɔl ɛls, i.e*. tɪ non-a*. ðəs ðə əv ə ɪz ˈoʊnli ɛz "ˈfɔrmɪŋ pɑrt əv ə ˈkɑmplɛks (ə ˈnoʊnɑ)." səʧ ə ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən kən hæv ɪts graʊnd ˈoʊnli ɪn ə hoʊl wɪʧ trænˈsɛndz ðə ə ənd non-a*, ənd ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛntli ɪz ə ˈjunɪti 237 i.e*. ə ˈjunɪti nɑt ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ðə lɔ əv ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkʃən. ɪt bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ ðə rɛlm əv ðə "koʊˈɪnsɪdəns əv ˈɑpəzɪts" oppositorum*) ər, ˈrəðər, ðɛr ər noʊ ɪn ɪt ɔl, soʊ ðət "ðə lɔ əv ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkʃən ɪz nɑt ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd, bət ˈsɪmpli ˌɪˈnæplɪkəbəl tɪ ɪt". ˈhɪstəri əv ˈrəʃən fəˈlɑsəfi baɪ noʊ 267 ˈhɪstəri əv ˈrəʃən fəˈlɑsəfi baɪ noʊ 269 ə, bət aʊt əv a-x;i.e*. aʊt əv ðə ˈɛsəns əv ˌriˈæləˌti ɪn soʊ fɑr ɛz ɪt ɪz ˈpɑrʃəli dɪˈtərmənd baɪ ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ə. ɔl ðət ɪz nu ərˈaɪzɪz nɑt aʊt əv ə ˈdɛfənət graʊnd, wɪʧ ɛz səˈpoʊz, ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ðə fˈjuʧər, nɑt aʊt əv, bət aʊt of;i.e*. aʊt əv ðə ˈɛsəns əv ˌriˈæləˌti ɪn soʊ fɑr ɛz ɪt ɪz ˈpɑrʃəli dɪˈtərmənd baɪ ðə ˈprɛzəns əv
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semyon lyudvigovich frank (russian: семён лю́двигович франк; 1877–1950) was a russian philosopher. born into a jewish family, he became a christian in 1912.
early life and studies [ edit ]
semyon lyudvigovich frank was born in russia in 1877, in moscow, in a jewish family. his father, a doctor, died when the boy was young, and he was brought up by his maternal grandfather, m. rossiansky, an orthodox jew, who taught him hebrew and took him to the synagogue. through his stepfather, the populist v. i. zak, he was introduced to the works of n. k. mikhailovsky and other revolutionaries.
at secondary school he became interested in marxism. in 1894 he began to study law at moscow university, but spent more time preaching socialism to the workers, but by 1896 he found marxist economic theories unsatisfactory, though he remained a socialist. in 1899 he wrote a revolutionary pamphlet which got him expelled from moscow; so he completed his studies of philosophy and political economy in berlin. in 1900 he published in russian a critique of marx's theory of value. in 1901 he returned to russia and received his bachelor's degree at the university of kazan. thereafter philosophy became his main preoccupation.
career as philosopher [ edit ]
in 1901 peter berngardovich struve invited frank to contribute to his collection, the problem of idealism (published in 1902), which criticised materialism and positivism. he spent the next five years between moscow and germany, writing and translating philosophical works and assisting struve. between 1902 and 1905, he contributed to struve's periodical, osvobozhdenie ('liberation'), published in stuttgart (1902-1904) and paris (1904–1905). in 1906 he moved to st petersburg and contributed philosophical essays to struve's periodical, russkaya mysl. in 1908, he contributed to the influential symposium, vekhi ('signposts').
in 1908, he married tatyana sergeevna bartseva (1886-1984) with whom he would have four children: alexei (1910-1969), natalia (1912-1999), vasiliy (1920-1996) and victor.
in 1912, he converted to orthodox christianity, and began lecturing on philosophy at st petersburg university. later, he wrote, "i consider my christianity as the completion of my old testament upbringing, as an organic evolution based on the religious foundations which i accepted in my childhood".[1]
frank spent 1913-1914 in germany, where he wrote der gegenstand des wissens ('the object of knowledge') for which he received his master's degree (1916). it was followed by his dusha cheloveka ('man's soul') (1917).
in summer 1917, frank was appointed dean of the arts faculty of the new university of saratov. in 1921, he was appointed to the chair of philosophy in moscow university. there he joined the philosopher nikolai berdyaev, who was directing the free academy of spiritual culture.
however, in june 1922, he and other intellectuals were expelled from the soviet union, on the so-called "philosophers' ship".
frank spent the rest of life supported by the world council of churches and his friend, the swiss psychologist and existentialist, ludwig binswanger. from 1922 to 1937, he was in germany, but from 1933, his jewish ancestry rendered him unemployable in germany. fleeing the nazi persecution of the jews, he moved to paris in 1937. during his exile, he published several books and articles in russian and articles in german, french and dutch.
he and his wife survived world war ii by hiding near grenoble; their four children escaped to britain. in the early years of the war he wrote 'god with us', the first of his works to be translated into english (published in 1946). in 1945, he and his wife moved to britain.
frank died of lung cancer in london. he and his wife are buried in hendon cemetery in london.
metaphysical libertarianism [ edit ]
semyon frank's philosophy was based on the ontological theory knowledge. this meaning that knowledge was intuitive in whole but also abstraction in logic. logic being limited to only part of being.[2] frank taught that existence was being but also becoming. as becoming, one has dynamic potential. thus one's future is indeterminate since reality is both rational and irrational. as reality includes the unity of rationality and irrationality i.e. of necessity and freedom.[3] frank's position being for the existence of free will.[4]
bibliography [ edit ]
vekhi [landmarks] (1907)
[landmarks] (1907) der gegenstand des wissens. grundlagen und grenzen der begrifflichen erkenntnis [knowledge. principles and limitations of conceptual perception] (1915) (french translation, 'la connaissance et l'etre', 1937)
[knowledge. principles and limitations of conceptual perception] (1915) (french translation, 'la connaissance et l'etre', 1937) dusha cheloveka (1917) (english tr., 'man's soul', 1993)
(1917) (english tr., 'man's soul', 1993) the methodology of the social sciences (1921) [in russian]
(1921) [in russian] vvedenie v philosophiyu (i.e. 'introduction to philosophy') (1922)
(i.e. 'introduction to philosophy') (1922) zhivoe znanie (1923)
(1923) krushenie kumirov [i.e. 'the downfall of idols'] (1924)
[i.e. 'the downfall of idols'] (1924) religion and science [in russian] (1924)
[in russian] (1924) smysl zhizni (1926) (english tr., 'the meaning of life', 2010)
(1926) (english tr., 'the meaning of life', 2010) the basis of marxism [in russian] (1926)
[in russian] (1926) die geistigen grundlagen der gesellschaft (1930) [also in russian] (english tr., 'the spiritual foundations of society', 1987)
(1930) [also in russian] (english tr., 'the spiritual foundations of society', 1987) realität und mensch [reality and mankind]
[reality and mankind] nepostizimoe (i.e. 'the unfathomable') (1939) (english tr., 'the unknowable: an ontological introduction to the philosophy of religion', 1983)
(i.e. 'the unfathomable') (1939) (english tr., 'the unknowable: an ontological introduction to the philosophy of religion', 1983) god with us: three meditations ... translated from the russian by natalie duddington (1946)
(1946) light and darkness [in russian] (1949) (english tr., 'light shineth in darkness', 1989)
[in russian] (1949) (english tr., 'light shineth in darkness', 1989) v. solovyev: an anthology (1950)
(1950) reality and man (1956)
see also [ edit ]
references [ edit ]
^ s.l. frank a miscellany (in russian) (1954. munich), p.3-4. ^ abstract logical is only possible because of the intuition of this all-embracing unity. a logically determined object is an object subordinated to the laws of identity, contradiction and excluded mibble: it is a in contradistinction to all else, i.e. to non-a. thus the determinateness of a is only thinkable as "forming part of a complex (a + nona)." such a correlation can have its ground only in a whole which transcends the determinitions a and non-a, and consequently is a metalogical unity (237), i.e. a unity not subject to the law of contradiction. it belongs to the realm of the "coincidence of opposites" (coincidentia oppositorum) or, rather, there are no oppsosites in it all, so that "the law of contradiction is not violated, but simply inapplicable to it". history of russian philosophy by no lossky pg 267 ^ history of russian philosophy by no lossky pg 269 ^ a, but out of a-x;i.e. out of the transfinite essence of reality in so far as it is partially determined by the presence of a. all that is new arises not out of a definite ground, which as determinists suppose, necessarily predetermines the future, not out of, but out of;i.e. out of the transfinite essence of reality in so far as it is partially determined by the presence of
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ˈʧɛˌnaɪ, ə ˈbəsəlɪŋ məˈtrɑpələs ˈfeɪməs fər ɪts ˈkəlʧərəl ruts ənd ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ praʊəs, həz ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ ˈɔfər fər ˈɛvriˌwən. ˈmɛni ˈpipəl noʊ ɪt ɛz ðə ˈbæsʧən əv ðə wən ənd ˈoʊnli ˌsupərˈstɑr ənd ðə ˈmoʊzɑrt əv ˈmædrəs a.r.rahman*. bət ɪt həz ə lɔt mɔr tɪ ˈɔfər ðə əˈθɛnɪk ˈfɪltər ˈkɔfi, ðə ˈbjutəfəl mərˈinə biʧ, fərst ˈbʊkˌʃɑp æt higginbothams*, hɑt ənd ˈstimɪŋ idlis*, ðə ˈmædrəs mˈjuzɪk ˈsizən, ˈkaʊntləs ˈtɛmpəlz, ˌɔtəmoʊˈbil lɪst goʊz ɔn. ɪn fækt, ˈʧɛˌnaɪ wɑz ˈrisəntli ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə lɪst əv tɔp 10 ˌkɑzməˈpɑlətən ˈsɪtiz ɪn ðə wərld baɪ ˈloʊnli ˈplænət. hir ər səm əˈmeɪzɪŋ fækts əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈwəndərfəl ˈsɪti, ˈʧɛˌnaɪ, ðət ˈvɛri fju ˈpipəl ər əˈwɛr əv. ðə ˈɔrəʤɪnz əv ˈʧɪkən 65 oʊld ˈʧɛˌnaɪ dɪd ju noʊ ðət ðə feɪmd ˈʧɪkən 65 həz ɪts ˈɔrəʤɪnz ɪn ðə hoʊˈtɛlz əv ˈʧɛˌnaɪ? ɪt wɑz ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪn ðə jɪr 1965 æt ðə ˈfeɪməs hoʊˈtɛl ɔn maʊnt roʊd. ðeɪ kənˈtɪnjud ðə ˈneɪmɪŋ kənˈvɛnʃən baɪ ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈʧɪkən 78 ˈʧɪkən 82 ənd ˈʧɪkən 90 ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪn 1978 1982 ənd 1990 rɪˈspɛktɪvli. ðə point’*’ əv ˈʧɛˌnaɪ ju maɪt hæv ˈdrɪvən pæst ðɪs pɔɪnt ˈəmpˈtin taɪmz, bət hæv ju ˈɛvər ˈnoʊtɪst ðɪs ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn? jɛs. ðɪs ɪz ðə point’*’ əv ˈʧɛˌnaɪ. ɔn ðə ˈpeɪvmənt ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə brɪʤ ɪz ən ðə əbˈskjʊr ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn wɪθ ə ˈpeɪnɪd ðə hɪˈstɔrɪk ˈsteɪdiəm ðə m.a*. ˈkrɪkɪt ˈsteɪdiəm ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn wɑz sɛt əp ɪn 1916 ənd ɪz əˈməŋst ðə ˈoʊldəst ˈsteɪdiəmz əv ðə ˈkəntri. ðə fərst ˈɛvər mæʧ əv ðə ˈtroʊfi wɑz hɛld ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 1934 bɪtˈwin ˈmædrəs ənd æt. mɔr ðən ɪts ˈglɔriəs ˈhɪstəri, wət stændz aʊt æt ɪz ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr ənd ðə kraʊd, rɪˈpjutɪd tɪ bi əˈməŋst ðə moʊst ˈnɑləʤəbəl ənd əˈpriʃjətɪv ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. ðə məˈʤɛstɪk ˈpæləs ðə neɪm ɪz səˈnɑnəməs wɪθ ðə ˈkrɪkɪt ˈsteɪdiəm. bət haʊ ˈmɛni əv ju noʊ ðət ðɛr ɪz ə ˈpæləs ɪn? ˈpæləs wɑz ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈrɛzɪdəns əv ðə əv frəm 1768 tɪ 1855 ɪt ɪz bɪlt ɪn ðə staɪl əv ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər. ðə ˈpæləs kəmˈpraɪzɪz tu ˈnɔrðərn blɑk ɪz noʊn ɛz məˈhɑl waɪl ðə ˈsəðərn blɑk ɪz noʊn ɛz məˈhɑl. təˈdeɪ, ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə ˈbjuti əv ðɪs məˈʤɛstɪk ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ɪts ɪnˈtaɪərti du tɪ ðə ˈræpɪd dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ˈbɪldɪŋz əraʊnd ɪt. kɑrl ʃmɪt məˈmɔriəl ju wʊd hæv ðə ˈstrəkʧər bɪˈloʊ ɪn ˈmɛni ˈtæmɪl ˈmuviz. bət dɪd ju noʊ ðət ðɪs ˌɑrkəˈtɛkʧərəl ˈlændˌmɑrk ɪn biʧ wɑz bɪlt ɪn ˈɑnər əv ə ˈdeɪnɪʃ ˈseɪlər hu draʊnd ɪn 1930 traɪɪŋ tɪ seɪv ðə laɪf əv ə gərl? əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ hɪˈstɔriənz, ðə ˈdeɪnɪʃ ˈseɪlər, hu hæd gɔn tɪ ðə biʧ, sɔ ən ˈɪŋlɪʃ gərl ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə ˈwɔtər hu sun ˈstɑrtɪd ˈstrəgəlɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə taɪd. ɪn ə səkˈsɛsfəl əˈtɛmpt tɪ seɪv hər laɪf, hi lɔst hɪz oʊn. ðə ðɛn ˈgəvərnər bɪlt ðə məˈmɔriəl tɪ mɑrk ˈgælənt ækt. ˈbɑmɪŋ əv ˈʧɛˌnaɪ ɪn fərst wərld wɔr ˈʧɛˌnaɪ wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli ˈɪndiən ˈsɪti tɪ kəm ˈəndər əˈtæk baɪ ðə ˈfɔrsɪz əv ðə ˈsɛntrəl paʊərz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst wərld wɔr. ə ˈʤərmən ˈkruzər kɔld wɑz ðə wən ðət bɑmˈbɑrdɪd ˈmædrəs ɔn ðə naɪt əv sɛpˈtɛmbər, 1914 ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə reɪd dɪd ˈlɪtəl ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ˈmædrəs, ɪt wɑz ə səˈvɪr bloʊ tɪ ˈbrɪtɪʃ məræl, ənd ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl flɛd ðə ˈsɪti. ˌɪnˈdəlʤd ɪn shooting’*’ ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˈdæmɪʤ. ˈmɛni ˌənɪkˈsploʊdɪd ʃɛlz leɪ ˈskætərd əˈkrɔs ðə ˈsɪti. ðə fərst ˈsɪnəmə ˈθiətər ɪn ˈʧɛˌnaɪ ðə ˈərstˌwaɪl ˈθiətər, wɪʧ wɑz pʊld daʊn ˈrisəntli, wɑz ðə fərst ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˈsɪnəmə ˈθiətər ɪn ˈʧɛˌnaɪ. ðɪs wɑz ðə fərst ɪn ðə ʧeɪn əv ˈθiətərz bɪlt baɪ ɪn saʊθ ˈɪndiə. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ, hi bɪlt ðə kraʊn ˈθiətər ɔn mɪnt strit, gloʊb ɔn haɪ roʊd, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ˈθiətər ɪn madurai*. ðə ɪz wən əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈkloʊvərˌlif ˈɪnərˌʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə hoʊl əv ˈeɪʒə. ðə ˈbjutəfəl min ɪt!) ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ˈrɪvər ʃɑt ɪn 1959 ʃoʊz ə klin, ækˈsɛsəbəl ənd ˈbjutəfəl ˈlænˌskeɪp. ˈpleɪfəl ˈʧɪldrən, grin triz, klin ˈwɔtər ənd mɛn roʊɪŋ ˈkæpʧər ə ˈblɪsfəl pleɪs. təˈdeɪ, ðə ˈrɪvər ɪz ʤɪst ən ˈaɪˌsɔr, wɪθ haɪ ˈlɛvəlz əv pəˈluʃən ənd kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən! ˈʧɛˌnaɪ haɪ kɔrt ðə ˈʧɛˌnaɪ haɪ kɔrt, wɪθ ə ˈsprɔlɪŋ saɪz əv 107 ˈeɪkərz, ɪz wən əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈkɑmplɛksəz ɪn ðə wərld. ðə kɔrt ɪz wən əv ðə θri haɪ kɔrts ɪn ˈɪndiə ɪˈstæblɪʃt æt ðə ˈprɛzɪdənsi taʊnz baɪ ˈlɛtərz ˈpætənt ˈgrænɪd baɪ hər ˈmæʤəsti kwin vɪkˈtɔriə, ˈbɛrɪŋ deɪt 26 ʤun 1862 ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ noʊ mɔr əˈbaʊt ɑr blɔgz ðɛn pliz ˈvɪzɪt ɑr ˈwɛbˌsaɪt https://www.ezroadtrips.com*/
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chennai, a bustling metropolis famous for its cultural roots and manufacturing prowess, has something to offer for everyone.
many people know it as the bastion of the one and only superstar rajinikanth and the mozart of madras – a.r.rahman.
but it has a lot more to offer – the authentic filter coffee, the beautiful marina beach, india’s first bookshop at higginbothams, hot and steaming idlis, the madras music season, countless temples, automobile industry…the list goes on.
in fact, chennai was recently included in the list of 2015’s top 10 cosmopolitan cities in the world by lonely planet. here are some amazing facts about this wonderful city, chennai, that very few people are aware of.
the origins of chicken 65!
old chennai
did you know that the famed chicken 65 has its origins in the buhari hotels of chennai? it was introduced in the year 1965 at the famous buhari hotel on mount road.
they continued the naming convention by offering chicken 78, chicken 82 and chicken 90, introduced in 1978, 1982 and 1990 respectively.
the ‘zero point’ of chennai
you might have driven past this point umpteen times, but have you ever noticed this milestone? yes.
this is the ‘zero point’ of chennai. on the pavement in the middle of the muthuswamy bridge is an the obscure milestone with a messily painted 0/0.
the historic chepauk stadium
the m.a. chidambaram cricket stadium located in chepauk was set up in 1916 and is amongst the oldest stadiums of the country.
the first ever match of the ranji trophy was held on 4th november 1934 between madras and mysore at chepauk.
more than its glorious history, what stands out at chepauk is the atmosphere and the crowd, reputed to be amongst the most knowledgeable and appreciative in the country.
the majestic chepauk palace
the name chepauk is synonymous with the cricket stadium. but how many of you know that there is a palace in chepauk?
chepauk palace was the official residence of the nawab of arcot from 1768 to 1855. it is built in the indo-saracenic style of architecture.
the chepauk palace comprises two blocks—the northern block is known as kalsa mahal while the southern block is known as humayun mahal.
today, it is impossible to enjoy the beauty of this majestic building in its entirety due to the rapid development of buildings around it.
karl schmidt memorial
you would have the structure below in many tamil movies. but did you know that this architectural landmark in elliot’s beach was built in honour of a danish sailor who drowned in 1930 trying to save the life of a girl?
according to historians, the danish sailor, who had gone to the beach, saw an english girl getting into the water who soon started struggling against the tide. in a successful attempt to save her life, he lost his own.
the then governor built the memorial to mark schmidt’s gallant act.
bombing of chennai in first world war
chennai was the only indian city to come under attack by the forces of the central powers during the first world war.
a german cruiser called emden was the one that bombarded madras on the night of 22nd september, 1914.
although the raid did little damage to madras, it was a severe blow to british morale, and thousands of people fled the city.
emden indulged in ‘fancy shooting’ causing widespread damage. many unexploded shells lay scattered across the city.
the first cinema theatre in chennai
the erstwhile gaiety theatre, which was pulled down recently, was the first permanent cinema theatre in chennai.
this was the first in the chain of theatres built by raghupathy venkaiah in south india. following gaiety, he built the crown theatre on mint street, globe on purasawalkam high road, followed by imperial theatre in madurai.
kathipara flyover
the kathipara flyover is one of the largest cloverleaf interchanges in the whole of asia.
the beautiful adyar river(really..i mean it!)
the photo of adyar river shot in 1959 shows a clean, accessible and beautiful landscape. playful children, green trees, clean water and men rowing capture a blissful place.
today, the adyar river is just an eyesore, with high levels of pollution and contamination!
chennai high court
the chennai high court, with a sprawling size of 107 acres, is one of the largest judicial complexes in the world.
the court is one of the three high courts in india established at the presidency towns by letters patent granted by her majesty queen victoria, bearing date 26 june 1862.
if you want to know more about our blogs then please visit our website https://www.ezroadtrips.com/
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ˈmeɪsən ˈɪŋəm ˈkaʊnti ˈʃɛrɪf ʤin kɔld ɪt ə keɪs əv wən əv ðə wərldz ˈdəməst ˈkrɪmənəlz. ə mæn ʧɑrʤd wɪθ frɔd əraɪvd æt ðə ˈʃɛrɪfs ˈɔfəs ˈsɛntrəl ˈrɛkərdz ˈjunɪt ɪn ˈmeɪsən ˈθərzˌdeɪ tɪ səbˈmɪt tɪ ˈfɪŋgərˌprɪnts ˈstɛmɪŋ frəm ə ʧɑrʤ əv frɔd ɪn ˈɪŋəm ˈkaʊnti ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt. ðə mæn, əv ˈɪŋəm ˈkaʊnti, traɪd tɪ juz ə ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd tɪ peɪ fər ðə 16 kɔst. bət wɪn ðə ˈɔfəs stæf ræn ðə kɑrd, ɪt keɪm bæk ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɛz ˈstoʊlən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ. "ɪz ɪt ˈɛni ˈwəndər ðə ʤeɪl wɑz ˈoʊvərˌkraʊdɪd ðə læst ˈsɛvən deɪz?" hi sɛd ɪn ə nuz riˈlis. ˈmeɪʤər ʤoʊəl həz bɪn ɪn lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt fər ˈɔlˌmoʊst 40 jɪrz. hi sɛd ˈɪnstənsɪz laɪk ˈθərzˌdeɪz ər rɛr. "wi hæv hæd ˈpipəl kəm ɪn hir ənd raɪt bæd ʧɛks, bət ɪt ˈdəzənt ˈhæpən ˈvɛri ˈɔfən," hi sɛd. ðə ˈʃɛrɪfs ˈɔfəs riˈlist ðə mæn ˈpɛndɪŋ ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə ˈstoʊlən ˈkrɛdɪt kɑrd. sɛd ˈʧɑrʤɪz wɪl bi sɔt. ˈfɑloʊ ˈbrændən haʊəl ɔn ənd ɔn tˈwɪtər: iˈmeɪl ɪm æt ər kɔl ɪm æt ˈfɑloʊ ˈlænsɪŋ ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd tˈwɪtər.
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mason — ingham county sheriff gene wriggelsworth called it a case of one of the world's dumbest criminals.
a 28-year-old man charged with fraud arrived at the sheriff's office central records unit in mason thursday to submit to court-ordered fingerprints stemming from a charge of fraud in ingham county district court.
the man, of ingham county, tried to use a credit card to pay for the $16 cost. but when the office staff ran the card, it came back reported as stolen, according to wriggelsworth.
"is it any wonder the jail was overcrowded the last seven days?" he said in a news release.
major joel maatman has been in law enforcement for almost 40 years. he said instances like thursday's are rare.
"we have had people come in here and write bad checks, but it doesn't happen very often," he said.
the sheriff's office released the man pending further investigation into the stolen credit card. wriggelsworth said charges will be sought.
follow brandon howell on
and on twitter: @bshowell88. email him at brhowell@mlive.com or call him at 517-318-1615. follow mlive lansing on facebook and twitter.
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ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz ˈoʊvər 2 jɪrz oʊld ˈlɔriət krɪs ˈrɪdəl ənd ˈmeɪʤər ˈjunjənz ˈræli ɪn trəˈfælgər skwɛr tɪ əˈpoʊz ˈkloʊʒər əv ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz, ˈgæləriz ənd mˈjuziəmz ˈɔθərz, laɪˈbrɛˌriənz ənd ˈgæləri stæf ʤɔɪnd ˈθaʊzənz əv kæmˈpeɪnərz ɔn ə ˈproʊˌtɛst mɑrʧ əˈgɛnst ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd kəts tɪ ˈkəlʧərəl ˈsərvɪsɪz. ðə ˈlɔriət, krɪs ˈrɪdəl, ənd ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈlɔriət ˈmaɪkəl ˈroʊzən, hu həz bɪn ə ˈvoʊkəl ˈkrɪtɪk əv ˈgəvərnmənt kəts, wər əˈməŋ ðoʊz hu mæst ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ɪn ˈləndən ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmɑrʧɪŋ tɪ ə ˈræli ɪn trəˈfælgər skwɛr. səm ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz dɪˈzərv tɪ kloʊz, sɪz 'ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˌɪnˈkluʒən' ˈʧɛrɪti rɛd mɔr sɪns ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈstɑrtɪd ˈkətɪŋ ˈkaʊnsəl ˈfəndɪŋ ɪn 2010 340 ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz hæv kloʊzd ˈneɪʃənˈwaɪd ɛz ˌnɑnɪˈsɛnʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz bɛr ðə brənt əv ˈloʊkəl əˈθɔrəti kəts. θri ˈpəblɪk ˈsɛktər ˈjunjənz ˈjuˌnaɪt, ˈjunɪsən ənd ðə ˈpəblɪk ənd kəˈmərʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈjunjən spoʊk aʊt ˈoʊvər ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈkloʊʒərz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə mɑrʧ, ˈɪʃuɪŋ stɑrk ˈwɔrnɪŋz ˈoʊvər ə crisis”*” ɪn ðə steɪt əv free-to-use*, ənd ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz, mˈjuziəmz ənd ˈgæləriz. ˈæləks flɪn, hɛd əv ˈmidiə ənd kæmˈpeɪnz, sɛd: bɪn ˈvɛri gʊd ˈneɪʧərd, bət ˈpipəl hæv bɪn klɪr ɪn ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ðət ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz ər ˈvaɪtəl tɪ ɑr kəmˈjunɪtiz; ðeɪ ər ˈvaɪtəl fər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd ɪmˈpaʊərɪŋ ˈpipəl ənd ðət ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz ʃʊd nɑt bi kət. ˈfeɪsˌbʊk tˈwɪtər ˈpipəl kæmˈpeɪn əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkloʊʒərz əv ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz, mˈjuziəmz ənd ˈgæləriz əˈkrɔs ðə uk*. ˈfoʊtəˌgræf: ˈmæθju θɪŋk ɪkˈsidɪd ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ðə ˈlɛvəl əv səˈpɔrt ənd ðə rɪˈsɛpʃən wi hæv gɑt ɛz mɑrʧt frəm ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈlaɪbrɛˌri. wi wʊd hoʊp ðə ˈgəvərnmənt teɪks note.”*.” ˈspikɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃən, ˈjuˌnaɪt ˈɔfɪsər fiˈoʊnə ˈfɑrmər dɪˈskraɪbd ðə kəts tɪ ˈloʊkəl ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfəndɪŋ ɛz ækt əv ˈkəlʧərəl ənd ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl vandalism”*”. ər ðə ˈgeɪtˌweɪ tɪ ˈnɑlɪʤ, ˈlərnɪŋ ənd ˌɛnˈʤɔɪmənt fər ɔl ˈeɪʤɪz əv ˈpipəl frəm ɔl wɔks əv life,”*,” ʃi sɛd. mɔr ənd mɔr kəmˈjunɪtiz ər siɪŋ ðɛr ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˌdɪsəˈpɪr ər ˈsərvɪs dɪˈmɪnɪʃ bɪˈkəz əv laɪˈbrɛˌriən kəts ər feɪld privatisation.”*.” ðə ˈjunjənz hæv wɔrnd ðət ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈkətɪŋ əv ˈsərvɪsɪz, mˈjuziəm ənd ˈgæləri ˈvɪzɪtər ˈsərvɪsɪz ər biɪŋ ɛz ə weɪ əv ˈkətɪŋ kɔsts ɪn ðə ʃɔrt tərm. ˈpiˈsiz ˈʤɛnərəl ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri mɑrk sɛd: ðə klɪr ˈbɛnəfɪts ɑrts ənd ˈkəlʧər brɪŋ tɪ ɑr soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi, kəts tɪ ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz, mˈjuziəmz ənd ˈgæləriz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ rɔŋ wɪθ ðə tories’*’ əˈproʊʧ tɪ ˈpəblɪk ˈspɛndɪŋ. ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ər ˈkloʊzɪŋ, ˈsərvɪsɪz ər ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ fər ˈækˌsɛs, ðə stæf hu gɑrd ɑr ˈkəlʧərəl ˈtrɛʒərz ər ˈlæŋgwɪʃɪŋ ɔn loʊ peɪ ənd ˈɪnsəkjər contracts.”*.” ə ˈspoʊkspərsən fər ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt fər ˈkəlʧər, ˈmidiə ənd spɔrt sɛd: ər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ kəmˈjunɪtiz nɑt ˈoʊnli ɛz ˈpleɪsɪz tɪ ˈbɑˌroʊ bʊks, bət ɛz ˈspeɪsɪz wɛr ˈpipəl kən ˈækˌsɛs ə waɪd vərˈaɪəti əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz. waɪ ˈloʊkəl əˈθɔrətiz wɪl hæv ˈɔlˌmoʊst tɪ spɛnd ɔn ˈloʊkəl ˈsərvɪsɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz, ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm əv ðɪs ˈpɑrləmɛnt. ˈloʊkəl əˈθɔrətiz hæv ə ˈstæʧəˌtɔri ˈduti tɪ prəˈvaɪd ə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ənd ɪˈfɪʃənt ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈsərvɪs ənd wi hæv paʊərz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðeɪ comply.”*.”
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children’s laureate chris riddell and major unions rally in trafalgar square to oppose closure of libraries, galleries and museums
authors, librarians and gallery staff joined thousands of campaigners on a protest march against widespread cuts to cultural services.
the children’s laureate, chris riddell, and the former children’s laureate michael rosen, who has been a vocal critic of government cuts, were among those who massed outside the british library in london on saturday before marching to a rally in trafalgar square.
some libraries deserve to close, says 'digital inclusion' charity read more
since the government started cutting council funding in 2010, 340 libraries have closed nationwide as non-essential services bear the brunt of local authority cuts.
three public sector unions – unite, unison and the public and commercial services union – spoke out over library closures before the march, issuing stark warnings over a “national crisis” in the state of free-to-use, well-stocked and well-staffed libraries, museums and galleries.
alex flynn, unite’s head of media and campaigns, said: “it’s been very good natured, but people have been clear in the message that libraries are vital to our communities; they are vital for education and empowering people and that libraries should not be cut.
facebook twitter pinterest people campaign against the closures of libraries, museums and galleries across the uk. photograph: matthew chattle/rex shutterstock
“i think exceeded expectations – the level of support and the reception we have got as we’ve marched from the british library. we would hope the government takes note.”
speaking before saturday’s demonstration, unite officer fiona farmer described the cuts to local government funding as “an act of cultural and educational vandalism”.
“libraries are the gateway to knowledge, learning and enjoyment for all ages of people from all walks of life,” she said. “yet more and more communities are seeing their library disappear or service diminish because of librarian cuts or failed privatisation.”
the unions have warned that in addition to cutting swaths of services, museum and gallery visitor services are being privatised as a way of cutting costs in the short term.
pcs general secretary mark serwotka said: “given the clear benefits arts and culture bring to our society and our economy, cuts to libraries, museums and galleries represent everything wrong with the tories’ approach to public spending.
“while institutions are closing, privatising services or charging for access, the staff who guard our nation’s cultural treasures are languishing on low pay and insecure contracts.”
a spokesperson for the department for culture, media and sport said: “libraries are important to communities not only as places to borrow books, but as spaces where people can access a wide variety of information and services.
“that’s why local authorities will have almost £200bn to spend on local services, including libraries, over the lifetime of this parliament. local authorities have a statutory duty to provide a comprehensive and efficient library service and we have powers to ensure they comply.”
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fɑks nuz əˈtɛmptəd tɪ troʊl mi æt læst wik, aɪ wɑz əˈproʊʧt baɪ ə ˈstreɪnʤər æt ɑrt ˈbɑzəl maɪˈæmi biʧ hu æst tɪ fɪlm mi ˈstændɪŋ nɛkst tɪ ə ˈpeɪnɪŋ ðət mæʧt maɪ ˈbleɪzər. beɪst ɔn hɪz ˈsəmˈwət ˌprɛzənˈteɪʃən, aɪ əˈsumd ðɪs wɑz fər ˈjuˌtub strit ˈfæʃən ˈʧænəl. ɪt ənˈtɪl ðə ““interview”*” ˈstɑrtɪd ðət aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðə ˈkæmərə ɪkˈwɪpmənt bɔr ðə fɑks nuz ˈloʊgoʊ. aɪ wɑz soʊ nɑt priˈpɛrd fər ðɪs. ɪf ðə əˈnɛdətɪd ˈvɪdioʊ wər əˈveɪləbəl, wən kʊd ˈlaɪkli ˈvɛri ˈizəli spɑt ðə səkˈsɛsɪv ˈmoʊmənts wɪn maɪ feɪs ˈprɑsɛst kənfˈjuʒən: ɪz fɑks nuz æt ən ɑrt fair?”*?” realization/rage*: hir tɪ troʊl us.”*.” ənd ˈəltəmətli, ˈpænɪk: ɪz ən ˈæmˌbʊʃ. ðɪs ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈɛdɪtɪd tɪ meɪk ˈjuˈɛs ɔl lʊk laɪk morons.”*.” ənd əv kɔrs, ɪgˈzæktli wət ˈhæpənd. ˌɔlˈðoʊ səˈlɑn pɔɪnts aʊt ðət ðə ˌsɛgˈmɛnt dɪd ɪn fækt ˈbækˌfaɪr, ˈmɪsɪŋ ər ɔl əv ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðət ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt haʊ ðə raɪt wɪŋ ɪz ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl əv dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ɪts oʊn pəˈzɪʃənz ɪn ˈræʃənəl ˈdɪskɔrs. rɪˈspɑnsɪz tɪ ɔl əv ðə ˈfɑloʊˌəp kˈwɛsʧənz ər ˌɪnˈstɛd ˌriˈpleɪst wɪθ kɑrˈtun saʊnd ˈifɛkts ənd klɪps ðət lʊk laɪk frəm ðə fɪlm maɪ balls!”*!” ənd soʊ ðə bɛst əv maɪ trænˈskraɪb wət meɪk ðə kət. ðɪs ɪz ɛz kloʊz tɪ vərˈbeɪtəm ɛz aɪ kən rɪˈmɛmbər ðə ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ mi biɪŋ ˈɔkwərd: ˈʤɛsi ˈwɑtərz: waɪ du ju θɪŋk ðə ɑrt wərld tɛndz tɪ lin lɛft, ˈplɪtɪkli? mi: bɪˈkəz ˈgraʊndɪd ɪn ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən, ənd ˈdɪskɔrs. jw*: ənd ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz? mi: noʊ. ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti ɪz ˈbɪzi dəˈbeɪtɪŋ ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ðeɪ wʊd kɪl ðə ˈbeɪbi ˈhɪtlər bət nɑt əˈbɔrt ðə ˈfitəl ˈhɪtlər. ə ‘‘real’*’ thing…*… ðət ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt. jw*: wɛl, yes…*… aɪ min, ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt that…*…. bət nɑt ɪn ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈpɑrti debates…*…. əm, ˈɛniˌweɪ, ɪf ðə lɛft ɪz soʊ gʊd æt ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ waɪ ɪz ðɛr soʊ məʧ ˈɪnˌkəm ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri ˈivɪn ðoʊ wi hæv ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈprɛzɪdənt? mi: bɪˈkəz wi hæv ə ˈkɑŋgrəs ðət hoʊldz ˈækʧəwəl ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv paʊər ənd ˌɪˈræʃənəli blɑks ˈɛvəri əˈtɛmpt æt ˈpɑləsi. jw*: ənd ju θɪŋk ðə ˈpɑləsiz ˈbɛtər æt æˈdrɛsɪŋ ˈɪnˌkəm ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti ənd ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi? mi: wət ˈpɑləsiz? ðə ti ˈpɑrti wɔnts ə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən θiˈɑkrəsi. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈəðər ˈkəntri ɪn ðə wərld aɪ kən θɪŋk əv ðət həz ə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən θiˈɑkrəsi ɪz səˈmɑljə, huz ɪˈkɑnəmi duɪŋ soʊ greɪt. jw*: (ˈfləstərd) soʊ wət, ju θɪŋk wi ʃʊd ʤɪst tæks ðə rɪʧ mɔr ənd hæv ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm? mi: jɛs, aɪ wʊd seɪ ðət ˈsɛkjələr ˈsoʊʃəlɪst steɪts ər ə ˈprɪti ˈtæktɪk tɪ ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ˈɪnˌkəm ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti. lʊk əraʊnd ðɪs rum, fʊl əv ˈpipəl hu hæv mɔr ðən ɪˈnəf ˈməni tɪ spɛr. jw*: soʊ ju θɪŋk ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈkəntriz hæv ˈbɛtər ɪˈkɑnəmiz? mi: jɛs. kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən theocracies*? aɪ wʊd seɪ soʊ. jw*: ˈrɪli? ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈkəntriz ər duɪŋ ˈbɛtər ðən smɔl ˈgəvərnmənt? mi: kəmˈpɛr sˈwidən ənd səˈmɑljə. jw*: aɪ min, ˈɪnˌkəm ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti ɪz juʤ there…*… mi: ɪn sˈwidən? jw*: aɪ min, ˌənɪmˈplɔɪmənt. mi: soʊ ju θɪŋk sˈwidən həz wərs ˈɪnˌkəm ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti ðən səˈmɑljə? jw*: ˈɛniˌweɪ, obamacare*. mi: wət əˈbaʊt obamacare*? jw*: waɪ ɪt wərk? mi: nɑt ˈpərˌfɪkt, bət ˈwərkɪŋ ˈbɛtər ðən ðə ˈsɪstəm wi hæd ˌbiˈfɔr. ðɪs ɪz ðə fərst taɪm ɪn maɪ ˈædəlt laɪf aɪ hæv hɛlθ ˌɪnˈʃʊrəns. ɪt kʊd bi ˈbɛtər, ɪf ɪt bɪn ˈgətɪd baɪ ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs. jw*: wɛl, wət ɪf nɑt ˈwərkɪŋ aʊt fər mi? mi: ˈrɪli? ɪt simz tɪ bi ˈwərkɪŋ fər ju. jw*: waɪ du ju seɪ ðət? mi: ju sim ˈhɛlθi, ju lʊk laɪk ju hæv ˈməni. ˈklɪrli hæd ə lɔt əv ɪˈlɛktɪv kɑzˈmɛtɪk ˈdɛntɪstri. jw*: ə, θæŋks. yeah…*…. aɪ hæv ə greɪt ˈdɛntɪst. mi: məst bi nis. jw*: ˈɛniˌweɪ, soʊ waɪ du ju θɪŋk ˈlɪˌbərəlz θɪŋk ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ə ˈbɪgər θrɛt ðən ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm? mi: bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz. jw*: wət? haʊ kən ju seɪ ðət ˈæftər 150 ˈpipəl daɪd ɪn ˈpɛrɪs læst wik? mi: bɪˈkəz ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ kɪlz ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl, ɪt wɪl kɪl ˈmɪljənz əv ˈpipəl. lʊk æt nu ˌɔˈrlinz, haʊ ˈmɛni mɔr ˈpipəl daɪd ɪn kəˈtrinə ðən ɪn ˈpɛrɪs? jw*: soʊ wi ˈnɛvər hæd ˈhərəˌkeɪnz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən? mi: noʊ, ə juʤ ˌsɪmpləfɪˈkeɪʃən. naʊ wi hæv mɔr ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈhərəˌkeɪnz wɪθ ˈgreɪtər strɛŋθ. du ju ˌəndərˈstænd haʊ ˈhərəˌkeɪnz wərk? du ju noʊ wət meɪks ə ˈhərəˌkeɪnz? jw*: (ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ ðət kˈwɛʃən) ˈɛniˌweɪ, wət əˈbaʊt ˈaɪsəs? mi: ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ɪz wən əv ðə ˈkɔzɪz əv ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm. ər ju əˈwɛr ðət ðə ˈsɪriən ˈsɪvəl wɔr wɑz prɪˈsidɪd baɪ ə draʊt ðət kɔzd ə ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˈfæmən? ˈaɪsəs fɪld ðət paʊər ˈvækjum. jw*: ə, noʊ aɪ. aɪ min, ˈrɪli? ɪz ðət ril? soʊ ju θɪŋk ɪf wi ɔl stɑp ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˌɛsˌjuˈvi ðɛr bi ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts? mi: noʊ, bət ˈmeɪbi ɪf ju stɑpt ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˌɛsˌjuˈviz ju bi səˈpɔrtɪŋ ɔɪl ɪˈkɑnəmiz laɪk ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə hu du fənd ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts. (æt ðɪs pɔɪnt ðə ˈkæmərə mæn ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ læf ənd ˈwɑtərz ˈriəˌlaɪzd hi ʃʊd ðə ˈɪntərvˌju, bɪˈkəz ə smɔl kraʊd wɑz ˈfɔrmɪŋ ənd wɪθ maɪ rɪˈspɑnsɪz) jw*: soʊ aɪ gɛs ju əˈgri wɪθ ðə blæk lɪvz ˈmætər ˈproʊˌtɛstərz. mi: ə, ɪf aɪ əˈgri wɪθ ðə blæk lɪvz ˈmætər ˈproʊˌtɛstərz, wət wʊd maɪ stæns bi? lɪvz matter”*”? ər ju ˈæskɪŋ mi ɪf aɪ θɪŋk blæk lɪvz ˈmætər? (ðɪs ɪz wɪn aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ luz maɪ ˈtɛmpər ənd mɔr ˈkæmərə foʊnz keɪm aʊt) jw*: noʊ, aɪ min du ju əˈgri wɪθ ðə freɪz lɪvz matter”*” ər lɪvz matter”*”? mi: (sɑrˈkæstɪkli) oʊ ˈdɛfənətli ʤɪst blæk wənz. fək waɪt ˈpipəl. ənd ˈeɪʒənz. (æt ðɪs pɔɪnt ðə smɔl kraʊd ðət hæd ˈgæðərd ˈstɑrtɪd ˈlæfɪŋ) jw*: soʊ waɪ du blæk lɪvz ˈmætər ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ˈoʊnli kɛr wɪn waɪt ˈpipəl kɪl blæk ˈpipəl? mi: wət? ər ju ˈkɪdɪŋ mi? du ju ˈivɪn noʊ wət ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt? wi mɑrʧt ɪn ðə strits dɪˈmændɪŋ ˈʤəstɪs fər ðə pəˈlis hu ˈmərdərd ˈfrɛdi greɪ. hæf əv ðoʊz ˈɔfɪsərz wər blæk. jw*: ˈrɪli? aɪ dɪd nɑt noʊ ðət. mi: jæ ju sim ˈprɪti ˌənɪnˈfɔrmd əˈbaʊt ə lɔt əv θɪŋz. jw*: jæ aɪ gɛs ðɪs ˈɪntərvˌju ɪz ˈoʊvər. lɛt mi æsk ju ðɪs: wət du ju θɪŋk wʊd bi ə greɪt ˈɑrtˌwərk? ə bənʧ əv ˈneɪkəd rɪˈpəblɪkənz taɪd əp hir ɪn ðə kənˈvɛnʃən ˈsɛnər fər ju ˈpipəl tɪ θroʊ θɪŋz æt? mi: ləv tɪ θroʊ θɪŋz æt rɪˈpəblɪkənz bət aɪ θɪŋk əv ə ˈsɪŋgəl wən laɪk tɪ si ˈneɪkəd. jw*: nɑt ˈivɪn rəʃ ˈlɪmˌbɔ? mi: ə, noʊ. jw*: du ju wɔʧ ““watters’*’ world”*”? mi: ðə ˈkɛvɪn ˈkɑstnər ˈmuvi əˈbaʊt si ˈlɛvəl raɪz? jw*: noʊ, ðɪs. ðɪs ɪz ““watters’*’ world”*” ənd ɪn ɪt! mi: ə ˌoʊˈkeɪ. θæŋks. ˈnɛvər hərd əv ɪt. ˈrɪli, ˈrɪli ˈkjʊriəs tɪ si wət ju kən juz frəm ðɪs ˈɪntərvˌju. ləv tɪ si wət ɛndz əp ɔn jʊr ˈkətɪŋ rum flɔr. ˈwɑtərz lʊkt ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪnli ɪmˈbɛrəst. aɪ θɪŋk ðeɪ wʊd juz ˈɛni əv ðə ˈɪntərvˌju. bət əˈpɛrəntli ðə ˈsɛvərəl ˈsɛkəndz əv mi riˈæktɪŋ tɪ ə ˈpeɪnɪŋ pərˈpɔrtɪˌdli əˈbaʊt line’*’ ɪn syria”*” wər ˈwərθˈwaɪl ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən, jɛt ˈækʧəwəl pəˈlɪtɪkəl dɪˈskəʃən wɑz nɑt. ðɪs ɪz waɪ ðoʊz əv ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ðə ɑrt wərld tɛnd tɪ swɪŋ ˈrɪli ər ˈgraʊndɪd ɪn ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈθɪŋkɪŋ beɪst ɔn ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən ənd ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt ˈdɪskɔrs. fɑks nuz wɔnt tɪ ɛr ˈɛni əv ˈkɑntɛnt tɪ ˈkəvər əp ðɛr oʊn ədˈmɪʃənz əv ˈɪgnərəns wɪθ fɑrt saʊnd ˈifɛkts ənd ˈfʊtɪʤ əv ˈpipəl ˈwɛrɪŋ ““wacky”*” pænts. wɪʧ lidz tɪ ðə moʊst ˈʧaɪldɪʃ ˈæˌspɛkt əv ðɪs ˈɑbviəsli gɪv ə ʃɪt əˈbaʊt ɑrt. ðeɪ wər ʤɪst ðɛr tɪ troʊl. wi goʊ tɪ ˈnæˌskɑr ˈræliz ənd æsk ðɛr vjuərz tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ðə ˌɪnəˈlɛkʧuəl ˈmɛrɪts əv ˈwɑʧɪŋ kɑz draɪv əraʊnd ɪn ˈsərkəlz. ənd ˈɑbviəs ðət ˈtroʊlɪŋ ɪz wət ðɛr ɪnˈtaɪər pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈplætˌfɔrm ɪz beɪst əbˈsərd kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ˈfitəs ˈhɪtlər tɪ ˈmɑrʧɪŋ θru ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈkæmpəsɪz wɪθ əˈsɔlt ˈwɛpənz tɪ priˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ gɪv ə ʃɪt əˈbaʊt hu həz sɛks wɪθ hu ər lɪvz ɔn ðə rɔŋ saɪd əv ən ˌɪˈmæʤəˌnɛri ˈbɔrdər laɪn. ˈʤɛsi ˈwɑtərz, ɪf ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs, aɪ wɔnt ju tɪ noʊ ðət ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈtrɛʒər ðət lʊk əv ˈʃipɪʃ ˈpænɪk ɔn jʊr feɪs wɪn ju ʃʊk maɪ hænd æt ðə ɛnd əv ɑr ˈɪntərvˌju. ju noʊ fʊl əv ʃɪt, ənd ju noʊ wi noʊ ɪt tu.
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fox news attempted to troll me at abmb
last week, i was approached by a stranger at art basel miami beach who asked to film me standing next to a painting that matched my blazer. based on his somewhat foppish presentation, i assumed this was for someone’s youtube street fashion channel. it wasn’t until the “interview” started that i realized the camera equipment bore the fox news logo. i was so not prepared for this.
if the unedited video were available, one could likely very easily spot the successive moments when my face processed confusion: “why is fox news at an art fair?” realization/rage: “they’re here to troll us.” and ultimately, panic: “this is an ambush. this is going to be edited to make us all look like morons.”
and of course, that’s exactly what happened. although salon points out that the segment did in fact backfire, what’s missing are all of the exchanges that demonstrate how the right wing is incapable of defending its own positions in rational discourse. responses to all of the interviewer’s follow-up questions are instead replaced with cartoon sound effects and clips that look like b-roll from the film idiocracy’s “ouch my balls!”
and so i’ll attempt—to the best of my memory’s ability—to transcribe what didn’t make the cut. this is as close to verbatim as i can remember the exchange, including me being awkward:
jesse watters: why do you think the art world tends to lean left, politically?
me: because they’re grounded in critical thinking, observation, and discourse.
jw: and the republicans aren’t?
me: no. the republican party is busy debating whether or not they would kill the baby hitler but not abort the fetal hitler. that’s a ‘real’ thing… that they’re actually talking about.
jw: well, yes… i mean, they’re talking about that…. but not in the actual party debates…. um, anyway, if the left is so good at critical thinking why is there so much income inequality in this country even though we have a democratic president?
me: because we have a right-wing congress that holds actual legislative power and irrationally blocks every attempt at policy.
jw: and you think the right-wing’s policies aren’t better at addressing income inequality and the economy?
me: what policies? the tea party wants a libertarian theocracy. the only other country in the world i can think of that has a libertarian theocracy is somalia, whose economy isn’t doing so great.
jw: (flustered) so what, you think we should just tax the rich more and have socialism?
me: yes, i would say that secular socialist states are a pretty tried-and-true tactic to improving income inequality. look around this room, it’s full of people who have more than enough money to spare.
jw: so you think socialist countries have better economies?
me: yes. compared to libertarian theocracies? i would say so.
jw: really? socialist countries are doing better than small government?
me: compare sweden and somalia.
jw: i mean, income inequality is huge there…
me: in sweden?
jw: …. i mean, unemployment.
me: so you think sweden has worse income inequality than somalia?
jw: anyway, obamacare.
me: what about obamacare?
jw: why doesn’t it work?
me: it’s not perfect, but it’s working better than the system we had before. this is the first time in my adult life i have health insurance. it could be better, if it hadn’t been gutted by the republicans in congress.
jw: well, what if it’s not working out for me?
me: really? it seems to be working for you.
jw: why do you say that?
me: you seem healthy, you look like you have money. you’ve clearly had a lot of elective cosmetic dentistry.
jw: uh, thanks. yeah…. i have a great dentist.
me: must be nice.
jw: anyway, so why do you think liberals think climate change is a bigger threat than terrorism?
me: because it is.
jw: what? how can you say that after 150 people died in paris last week?
me: because climate change kills thousands of people, it will kill millions of people. look at new orleans, how many more people died in katrina than in paris?
jw: so we never had hurricanes before the industrial revolution?
me: no, that’s a huge simplification. now we have more frequent hurricanes with greater strength. do you understand how hurricanes work? do you know what makes a hurricane?
jw: (ignoring that question) anyway, what about isis?
me: climate change is one of the causes of terrorism. are you aware that the syrian civil war was preceded by a record-breaking drought that caused a catastrophic famine? isis filled that power vacuum.
jw: uh, no i wasn’t. i mean, really? is that real? so you think if we all stop driving suv there wouldn’t be terrorists?
me: no, but maybe if you stopped driving suvs you wouldn’t be supporting oil economies like saudi arabia who do fund terrorists.
(at this point the camera man started to laugh and watters realized he should wrap-up the interview, because a small crowd was forming and filming/agreeing with my responses)
jw: so i guess you agree with the black lives matter protestors.
me: uh, if i didn’t agree with the black lives matter protesters, what would my stance be? “black lives don’t matter”? are you asking me if i think black lives don’t matter? (this is when i started to lose my temper and more camera phones came out)
jw: no, i mean do you agree with the phrase “black lives matter” or “all lives matter”?
me: (sarcastically) oh definitely just black ones. fuck white people. and asians.
(at this point the small crowd that had gathered started laughing)
jw: so why do black lives matter protesters only care when white people kill black people?
me: what? are you kidding me? do you even know what you’re talking about? we marched in the streets demanding justice for the police who murdered freddie gray. half of those officers were black.
jw: really? i did not know that.
me: yeah you seem pretty uninformed about a lot of things.
jw: yeah i guess this interview is over. let me ask you this: what do you think would be a great artwork? a bunch of naked republicans tied up here in the convention center for you people to throw things at?
me: i’d love to throw things at republicans but i can’t think of a single one i’d like to see naked.
jw: not even rush limbaugh?
me: uh, no.
jw: do you watch “watters’ world”?
me: the kevin costner movie about sea level rise?
jw: no, this. this is “watters’ world” and you’re in it!
me: uh okay. thanks. i’ve never heard of it. i’m really, really curious to see what you can use from this interview. i’d love to see what ends up on your cutting room floor.
watters looked genuinely embarrassed. i didn’t think they would use any of the interview. but apparently the several seconds of me reacting incredulously to a painting purportedly about “obama’s ‘red line’ in syria” were worthwhile television, yet actual political discussion was not.
this is why those of us in the art world tend to swing left—we really are grounded in critical thinking based on observation and intelligent discourse. fox news doesn’t want to air any of that—they’re content to cover up their own admissions of ignorance with fart sound effects and footage of people wearing “wacky” pants.
which leads to the most childish aspect of this all—they obviously don’t give a shit about art. they were just there to troll. we don’t go to nascar rallies and ask their viewers to defend the intellectual merits of watching cars drive around in circles. and it’s obvious that trolling is what their entire political platform is based on—from absurd questions about fetus hitler to marching through college campuses with assault weapons to pretending to give a shit about who has sex with who or lives on the wrong side of an imaginary border line. jesse watters, if you’re reading this, i want you to know that i’ll always treasure that look of sheepish panic on your face when you shook my hand at the end of our interview. you know you’re full of shit, and you know we know it too.
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ˈʧɑrəlz lɔrd, lɛft, ˈsinjər hydrologist*, ɪkˈspleɪnz ðə ˈmæpɪŋ prəˈsiʤər juzd baɪ ðə ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən kəˈmɪʃən tɪ ʧɑrt fɔlt laɪnz, ˈərθkˌweɪks ənd dɪˈspoʊzəl wɛlz, ɛz ʤɪm ˈmɑrlət, raɪt, ɔɪl gæs ˈspɛʃəlɪst, lʊks ɔn frəm hɪz dɛsk, ɪn ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˈsɪti, ˈmənˌdeɪ, noʊv. 30 2015 steɪt ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz hæv ˈteɪkən stɛps tɪ traɪ ənd kərb ðə ˈnəmbər əv kweɪks, ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ dɪˈspoʊzəl wɛl ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz ɪn ðə ˈɛriə tɪ hæv ðɛm rɪˈdus ðə ˈvɑljum ɪn dɪˈspoʊzəl wɛlz ər ʃət ðɛm daʊn ɪnˈtaɪərli. æt list ˈsɛvən ˈərθkˌweɪks ˈrætəld ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wən fɛlt ɛz fɑr əˈweɪ ɛz ˈaɪəwə. (ˌeɪˈpi ogrocki*) ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs baɪ ʃɔn ˈmərfi, əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˈsɪti (ˌeɪˈpi) æt list ˈsɛvən ˈərθkˌweɪks ˈrætəld ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wən fɛlt 300 maɪəlz əˈweɪ ɪn ˈaɪəwə, ˈprɑmptɪŋ kənˈsərn frəm ˈloʊkəl ˈrɛzɪdənts ənd ˈpɑləsiˌmeɪkərz ðət ðə steɪt ˈɪzənt duɪŋ ɪˈnəf tɪ kərb ðə kweɪks ðət ˈsaɪəntɪsts hæv lɪŋkt tɪ ɔɪl ənd gæs ækˈtɪvɪti. ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə həz bɪˈkəm wən əv ðə moʊst ˈɛriəz ɪn ðə wərld, wɪθ ðə ˈnəmbər əv kweɪks ˈmægnəˌtud ˈskaɪˌrɑkətɪŋ frəm ə fju ˈdəzən ɪn 2012 tɪ mɔr ðən 720 soʊ fɑr ðɪs jɪr. ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈərθkˌweɪks ər əˈkərɪŋ ɪn swɔrmz ɪn ˈɛriəz wɛr ˌɪnˈʤɛkʃən wɛlz pəmp ˈsɔlti ˈweɪstˌwɔtər ə ˈbaɪprɑdəkt əv ɔɪl ənd gæs pərˈdəkʃən dip ˈɪntu ðə ərθ. "ɪt ˈlæstɪd fər ˈsɛvərəl ˈsɛkəndz, bət ɪts hɑrd tɪ tɛl wɪn ju ʤɪst weɪk əp," ˈrɛzɪdənt ˈfræŋki ˈrɑbɪnz sɛd əv ðə ˈtɛmblər ðət hɪt ˌbiˈfɔr 4 a.m*. ˈmənˌdeɪ səm 16 maɪəlz frəm hɪz hoʊm ɪn ˈmɛdfərd, wɪʧ ɪz əˈbaʊt 80 maɪəlz saʊθ əv ˈwɪʧəˌtɔ, ˈkænzəs. ˈrɑbɪnz sɛd ðə kweɪks lɛft ə fju ˈpɪkʧərz əˈskju ɔn hɪz wɔl, ənd hi ˈnoʊtɪst ə dɔr freɪm ɪn hɪz haʊs ɪz "ˈtaɪtər ðən ɪt juzd tɪ bi." ənd waɪl noʊ ˈmeɪʤər ˈdæmɪʤ ər ˈɪnʤəriz wər ˌriˈpɔrtəd, ˈrɑbɪnz sɛd ˈrɛzɪdənts ər groʊɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli əˈnizi əˈbaʊt ðə ˈfrikwənsi əv ðə kweɪks. "ðɛrz ˈdɛfənətli ə sɛns əv kənˈsərn fər səm ˈpipəl wɪn ðeɪ fil ðɛm ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə naɪt," ˈrɑbɪnz sɛd. steɪt ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz hæv ˈteɪkən stɛps tɪ traɪ ənd kərb ðə ˈnəmbər əv kweɪks, ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ dɪˈspoʊzəl wɛl ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz ɪn ðə ˈɛriə tɪ hæv ðɛm rɪˈdus ðə ˈvɑljum ɪn dɪˈspoʊzəl wɛlz ər ʃət ðɛm daʊn ɪnˈtaɪərli. bət soʊ fɑr ðə ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən kəˈmɪʃənz ˈvɑləntɛri ˈproʊˌgræm həz dən ˈlɪtəl tɪ kərb ðə ˈnəmbər əv kweɪks. steɪt rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ˈkɔˌri ˈwɪljəmz, ə ˈvoʊkəl ˈkrɪtɪk əv ðə steɪts rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə raɪz ɪn ˈsaɪzmɪk ækˈtɪvɪti, ˈpreɪzɪz ðə wərk dən soʊ fɑr baɪ ðə kəˈmɪʃən, bət sɛd ˈoʊvərˌɔl ðə steɪts ˈgəvərnər ənd ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər həz dən ˈlɪtəl tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðə ˈprɑbləm sɪns ə state-record*, kweɪk ɪn 2011 ðət ˈdæmɪʤd 200 ˈbɪldɪŋz ənd ʃʊk ə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈsteɪdiəm. "ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz wɪr biɪŋ ˈtoʊtəli riˈækʃəˌnɛri ɛz əˈpoʊzd tɪ ˌproʊˈæktɪv," sɛd ˈwɪljəmz, d-stillwater*. "wi weɪt fər ə ˈsaɪzmɪk ɪˈvɛnt, ənd ðɛn wi riækt tɪ ɪt, wɪʧ ɪz ən əˈbɪzməl ˈpɑləsi fər ˈhændəlɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət kən kɔz ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ˈprɑpərti laɪf." ˈwɪljəmz sɛd ðə ˈpaʊərfəl ɔɪl ənd gæs ˈlɑbi æt ðə ˈkæpɪtəl həz kɛpt ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz frəm ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɛni stɛps tɪ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ðə ˈɪndəstri. tɪ meɪk ˈmætərz wərs, hi sɛd, ˈəndər ə bɪl pʊʃt baɪ ðə ˈɪndəstri ðət gəv. ˈmɛri ˈfælɪn saɪnd ˈɪntu lɔ læst jɪr, ˈsɪtiz ənd taʊnz wʊd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ɔɪl ənd gæs ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz wɪˈθɪn ðɛr ˈbaʊndəriz. ə ˈsɪmələr bɪl wɑz saɪnd ˈɪntu lɔ ɪn ˈtɛksəs. "ðɛrz ˈrɪli ʤɪst mæs ˌɪnˈkɑmpətəns ɔn ðə pɑrt əv ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər nɑt tɪ du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs," ˈwɪljəmz sɛd. "ðeɪ ʤɪst doʊnt sim tɪ kɛr." bət ɔɪl ənd gæs ˈɪndəstri əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ ðɛr ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz tɪ kəm əp wɪθ ə səˈluʃən tɪ ðə ˈərθkˌweɪk ˈprɑbləm ðət ˈdəzənt ˈʤɛpərˌdaɪz ən ˈɪndəstri ðət ɪz ˈkrɪtɪkəl tɪ ðə steɪts ɪˈkɑnəmi. "ɪf ju ʤɪst ʃət ɪt daʊn, ɪt wʊd bi ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ," sɛd ʧæd ˈwɔrmɪŋtən, ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ɔɪl ənd gæs əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən. "ðə goʊl ɪz tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ rɪˈdus ˈərθkˌweɪks ənd stɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈproʊdus." ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˈərθkˌweɪks: ˈfɑloʊ ʃɔn ˈmərfi æt
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charles lord, left, senior hydrologist, explains the mapping procedure used by the corporation commission to chart fault lines, earthquakes and disposal wells, as jim marlatt, right, oil & gas specialist, looks on from his desk, in oklahoma city, monday, nov. 30, 2015.ate regulators have takeneps to try and curb the number of quakes, working with disposal well operators in the area to have them reduce the volume in disposal wells or shut them down entirely. at least seven earthquakes rattled north-central oklahoma on monday, including one felt as far away as iowa. (ap photo/sue ogrocki) the associated press
by sean murphy, associated press
oklahoma city (ap) — at least seven earthquakes rattled north-central oklahoma on monday, including one felt 300 miles away in iowa, prompting concern from local residents and policymakers that theate isn't doing enough to curb the quakes that scientists have linked to oil and gas activity.
oklahoma has become one of the most earthquake-prone areas in the world, with the number of quakes magnitude 3.0 skyrocketing from a few dozen in 2012 to more than 720 so far this year. many of the earthquakes are occurring in swarms in areas where injection wells pump salty wastewater — a byproduct of oil and gas production — deep into the earth.
"it lasted for several seconds, but it's hard to tell when you just wake up," resident frankie robbins said of the 4.7 temblor that hit before 4 a.m. monday some 16 miles from his home in medford, which is about 80 miles south of wichita, kansas.
robbins said the quakes left a few pictures askew on his wall, and he noticed a door frame in his house is "tighter than it used to be." and while no major damage or injuries were reported, robbins said residents are growing increasingly uneasy about the frequency of the quakes.
"there's definitely a sense of concern for some people when they feel them in the middle of the night," robbins said.
state regulators have takeneps to try and curb the number of quakes, working with disposal well operators in the area to have them reduce the volume in disposal wells or shut them down entirely. but so far the oklahoma corporation commission's voluntary program has done little to curb the number of quakes.
state rep. cory williams, a vocal critic of theate's response to the rise in seismic activity, praises the work done so far by the commission, but said overall theate's governor and legislature has done little to address the problem since aate-record, 5.6-magnitude quake in 2011 that damaged 200 buildings and shook a college footballadium.
"the problem is we're being totally reactionary as opposed to proactive," said williams, d-stillwater. "we wait for a seismic event, and then we react to it, which is an abysmal policy for handling something that can cause catastrophic damage to property and/or life."
williams said the powerful oil and gas lobby at the capitol has kept lawmakers from taking anyeps to regulate the industry. to make matters worse, he said, under a bill pushed by the industry that gov. mary fallin signed into law last year, cities and towns would no longer be able to regulate oil and gas operations within their boundaries. a similar bill was signed into law in texas.
"there's really just mass incompetence on the part of the legislature not to do anything about this," williams said. "they just don't seem to care."
but oil and gas industry officials say they're working with regulators to come up with a solution to the earthquake problem that doesn't jeopardize an industry that is critical to theate's economy.
"if you just shut it down, it would be devastating," said chad warmington, president of the oklahoma oil and gas association. "the goal is to be able to reduce earthquakes andill be able to produce."
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oklahoma earthquakes: www.earthquakes.ok.gov
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ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfɪgjər ɪn ˈərli ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti "ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst" hir. fər ðə kɪŋ əv ˈɛrəˌgɑn, si ʤeɪmz əv ˈɛrəˌgɑn ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst, ər ə ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən əv ʤeɪmz, ˈbrəðər əv ðə lɔrd (ˈhibru: ya'akov*; grik: iákōbos*, kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈæŋlɪˌsaɪzd ɛz ˈʤeɪkəb), wɑz ən ˈərli ˈlidər əv ðə ʤərˈusələm ʧərʧ əv ðə ˌæpɔˈstɔlɪk eɪʤ, tɪ wɪʧ pɔl wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈfɪliˌeɪtɪd. hi daɪd ɪn ˈmɑrtərdəm ɪn 62 ər 69 æd. ˈkæθlɪks ənd ˈistərn ˈɔrθəˌdɑks, ɛz wɛl ɛz səm ˈæŋglɪkənz ənd ˈluθərənz, tiʧ ðət ʤeɪmz, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈəðərz neɪmd ɪn ðə nu ˈtɛstəmənt ɛz 1 əv ˈʤizəs, wər nɑt ðə ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈʧɪldrən əv ˈmɛri, bət wər ˈpɑsəbli ˈkəzənz əv ər frəm ə ˈpriviəs ˈmɛrɪʤ əv ˈʤoʊzəf (ɛz rɪˈleɪtɪd ɪn ðə ˈgɔspəl əv 2 ˈroʊmən ˈkæθlɪk trəˈdɪʃən ˈʤɛnərəli hoʊldz ðət ðɪs ʤeɪmz ɪz tɪ bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd wɪθ ʤeɪmz, sən əv, ənd ʤeɪmz ðə ɪt ɪz əˈgrid baɪ moʊst ðət hi ʃʊd nɑt bi kənfˈjuzd wɪθ ʤeɪmz, sən əv ˈɛpəˌθɛt ˈɛdət ˈrɛkərdz ðət ˈklɛmənt əv ˌæləgˈzændriə rɪˈleɪtɪd, "ðɪs ʤeɪmz, hum ðə ˈpipəl əv oʊld kɔld ðə ʤɪst bɪˈkəz əv hɪz ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ ˈvərʧu, wɑz ðə fərst, ɛz ðə ˈrɛkərd tɛlz ˈjuˈɛs, tɪ bi ɪˈlɛktɪd tɪ ðə ɪˈpɪskəpəl θroʊn əv ðə ʤərˈusələm ˈəðər ˈɛpəˌθɛts ər "ʤeɪmz ðə ˈbrəðər əv ðə lɔrd, ðə ənd "ʤeɪmz ðə ˈraɪʧəs." hi ɪz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz rɪˈfərd tɪ ɪn ˈistərn ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti ɛz "ʤeɪmz adelphotheos*" (grik: ʤeɪmz ðə ˈbrəðər əv gɑd. ðə ˈoʊldəst sərˈvaɪvɪŋ ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈlɪtərʤi, ðə ˈlɪtərʤi əv ʤeɪmz, ˈjuzɪz ðɪs ˈlidər əv ðə ʤərˈusələm ʧərʧ ˈɛdət ðə ʤərˈusələm ʧərʧ ˈɛdət ðə ʤərˈusələm ʧərʧ wɑz ən ˈərli ˈkrɪsʧɪn kəmˈjunɪti ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ʤərˈusələm, əv wɪʧ ʤeɪmz ənd ˈpitər wər ˈlidərz. pɔl wɑz əˈfɪliˌeɪtɪd wɪθ ðɪs kəmˈjunɪti, ənd tʊk hɪz ˈsɛntrəl kerygma*, ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn 1 15 frəm ðɪs kəmˈjunɪti. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ðə ʤərˈusələm ʧərʧ ɪˈskeɪpt tɪ ˈpɛlə ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə siʤ əv ʤərˈusələm baɪ ðə fˈjuʧər ˈɛmpərər ˈtaɪtəs ɪn 70 ənd ˈæftərwərdz rɪˈtərnd, ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈfərðər ˈsɪriz əv ʤuɪʃ ˈbɪʃəps ənˈtɪl ðə bɑr rɪˈvoʊlt ɪn 130 ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈsɛkənd dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ʤərˈusələm ənd ðə riˈbɪldɪŋ əv ðə ˈsɪti ɛz capitolina*, ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈbɪʃəps wər ˈlidər ˈɛdət ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst, ˈsɪkˈstinθ ˈsɛnʧəri ˈrəʃən ˈsɪkˈstinθ ˈsɛnʧəri ˈrəʃən ˈaɪkɑn ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst wɑz "frəm ən ˈərli deɪt wɪθ ˈpitər ə ˈlidər əv ðə ʧərʧ æt ʤərˈusələm ənd frəm ðə taɪm wɪn ˈpitər lɛft ʤərˈusələm ˈæftər ˈhɛrəd əˈtɛmpt tɪ kɪl ɪm, ʤeɪmz əˈpɪrz ɛz ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl əˈθɔrəti hu prɪˈzaɪdɪd æt ˈkaʊnsəl əv ðə pɔˈlin ənd ðə ˈleɪtər ˈʧæptərz əv ðə ækts əv ðə əˈpɔsəlz pɔrˈtreɪ ʤeɪmz ɛz ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfɪgjər ɪn ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪn kəmˈjunɪti əv ʤərˈusələm. wɪn pɔl əraɪvz ɪn ʤərˈusələm tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ðə ˈməni hi reɪzd fər ðə ˈfeɪθfəl ðɛr, ɪt ɪz tɪ ʤeɪmz ðət hi spiks, ənd ɪt ɪz ʤeɪmz hu ˌɪnˈsɪsts ðət pɔl klɛnz hɪmˈsɛlf æt ˈtɛmpəl tɪ pruv hɪz feɪθ ənd dɪˈnaɪ ˈrumərz əv ˈtiʧɪŋ rɪˈbɛljən əˈgɛnst ðə ˈtɔrə (ækts 3 pɔl dɪˈskraɪbz ʤeɪmz ɛz biɪŋ wən əv ðə ˈpərsənz tɪ hum ðə ˈrɪzən kraɪst ʃoʊd 4 ənd ɪn pɔl lɪsts ʤeɪmz wɪθ ˈsɛfəz (ˈbɛtər noʊn ɛz ˈpitər) ənd ʤɑn ðə əˈpɔsəl ɛz ðə θri "ˈpɪlərz" əv ðə pɔl dɪˈskraɪbz ðiz ˈpɪlərz ɛz ðə wənz hu wɪl ˈmɪnɪstər tɪ ðə "ˈsərkəmˌsaɪzd" (ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl ʤuz ənd ʤuɪʃ proselytes*) ɪn ʤərˈusələm, waɪl pɔl ənd hɪz ˈfɛloʊz wɪl ˈmɪnɪstər tɪ ðə "uncircumcised*" (ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl ˈʤɛnˌtaɪlz) 5 ˈæftər ə dəˈbeɪt ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ kənˈsərnz əv ðə ˈkrɪsʧɪnz əv ˈæntiˌɑk. ðə ˈæntiˌɑk kəmˈjunɪti wɑz kənˈsərnd ˈoʊvər ˈwɛðər ˈʤɛnˌtaɪl ˈkrɪsʧɪnz nid bi ˈsərkəmˌsaɪzd tɪ bi seɪvd, ənd sɛnt pɔl ənd ˈbɑrnəbəs tɪ kənˈfər wɪθ ðə ʤərˈusələm ʧərʧ. ʤeɪmz pleɪd ə ˈprɑmənənt roʊl ɪn ðə ˌfɔrmjəˈleɪʃən əv ðə ˈkaʊnsəlz dɪˈsɪʒən. ʤeɪmz wɑz ðə læst neɪmd ˈfɪgjər tɪ spik, ˈæftər ˈpitər, pɔl, ənd ˈbɑrnəbəs; hi dɪˈlɪvərd wət hi kɔld hɪz "dɪˈsɪʒən" (ækts nrsv*) ðə ərˈɪʤənəl sɛns ɪz ˈkloʊzər tɪ hi səˈpɔrtɪd ðɛm ɔl ɪn biɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt (ˈpitər hæd ˈsaɪtɪd hɪz ˈərliər ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃən frəm gɑd rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈʤɛnˌtaɪlz) ənd səˈʤɛstɪd ˌproʊəˈbɪʃənz əˈbaʊt ˈitɪŋ bləd ɛz wɛl ɛz mit ˈsækrəˌfaɪst tɪ ˈaɪdəlz ənd fornication*. ðɪs bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈrulɪŋ əv ðə ˈkaʊnsəl, əˈgrid əˈpɑn baɪ ɔl ðə əˈpɔsəlz ənd ˈɛldərz ənd sɛnt tɪ ðə ˈəðər ˈʧərʧɪz baɪ ˈlɛtər. ˈmɑdərn ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən ˈɛdət ðə brɪˈtænɪkə rɪˈleɪts ðət "ʤeɪmz ðə lɔrdz ˈbrəðər wɑz ə ˈkrɪsʧɪn əˈpɔsəl, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ. pɔl, ˌɔlˈðoʊ nɑt wən əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl twɛlv əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ʃæf, ʤeɪmz simz tɪ hæv ˈteɪkən ðə pleɪs əv ʤeɪmz ðə sən əv, ˈæftər hɪz ˈmɑrtərdəm, əraʊnd 44 ˈmɑdərn hɪˈstɔriənz əv ðə ˈərli ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈʧərʧɪz tɛnd tɪ pleɪs ʤeɪmz ɪn ðə trəˈdɪʃən əv ʤuɪʃ ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti; wɛˈræz pɔl ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzd feɪθ ˈoʊvər əbˈzərvəns əv moʊˈzeɪɪk lɔ, ʤeɪmz ɪz θɔt tɪ hæv ɪˈspaʊzd ðə ˈɑpəzɪt 6 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ʃæf, ʤeɪmz wɑz ðə ˈloʊkəl hɛd əv ðə ˈoʊldəst ʧərʧ ənd ðə ˈlidər əv ðə moʊst kənˈsərvətɪv ˈpɔrʃən əv ʤuɪʃ ˈskɑlər ʤeɪmz di. ʤi. dən həz prəˈpoʊzd ðət ˈpitər wɑz ðə "bridge-man*" (i.e*. ðə ˈmækˌsɪməs) bɪtˈwin ðə tu ˈəðər "ˈprɑmənənt ˈlidɪŋ ˈfɪgjərz": pɔl ənd ʤeɪmz ðə ˈsɔrsəz ˈɛdət əˈpɑrt frəm ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈrɛfərənsɪz ɪn ðə sɪˈnɑptɪk ˈgɑspəlz, ðə meɪn ˈsɔrsəz fər ðə laɪf əv ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst ər ðə pɔˈlin, ðə ækts əv ðə əˈpɔsəlz, ənd ənd ʤəroʊm, hu ˈɔlsoʊ kwoʊt ðə ˈərli ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈkrɑnɪklər ənd ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈmɛnʃən əv ʤeɪmz ɪn ðə ˈgɔspəl əv ʤɑn ənd ðə ˈərli ˈpɔrʃənz əv ðə ækts əv ðə əˈpɔsəlz. ðə sɪˈnɑptɪks ˈmɛnʃən hɪz neɪm, bət noʊ ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ɪn ðə ˈɛkstənt lɪsts əv əv əv taɪər, ðə paschale*, ənd əv ˈrɑstɑv, hi ɪz ðə fərst əv ðə ˈsɛvənti əˈpɔsəlz ðoʊ səm ˈsɔrsəz, səʧ ɛz ðə ˈkæθlɪk steɪt ðət "ðiz lɪsts ər ənˈfɔrʧənətli ˈwərθləs". nu ˈtɛstəmənt ˈɛdət ðə nu ˈtɛstəmənt ˈmɛnʃənz ˈsɛvərəl ˈpipəl neɪmd ʤeɪmz. ðə pɔˈlin, frəm əˈbaʊt ðə sɪksθ ˈdɛkeɪd əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri, hæv tu ˈpæsɪʤɪz ˈmɛnʃənɪŋ ə ʤeɪmz. ðə ækts əv ðə əˈpɔsəlz, ˈrɪtən ˈsəmˌtaɪm bɪtˈwin 60 ənd 150 ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈskraɪbz ðə ˈpɪriəd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ʤərˈusələm ɪn 70 æd. ɪt həz θri ˈmɛnʃənz əv ə ʤeɪmz. ðə ˈgɑspəlz, wɪθ dɪˈspjutɪd ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm əˈbaʊt 50 tɪ ɛz leɪt ɛz 130 æd, dɪˈskraɪb ðə ˈpɪriəd əv ˈʤizəs' ˈmɪnɪstri, əraʊnd æd. ɪt ˈmɛnʃənz æt list tu ˈdɪfərənt ˈpipəl neɪmd ʤeɪmz. ðə ˈɔθər əv ðə ɪˈpɪsəl əv ʤud noʊts ðət hi ɪz ə ˈbrəðər əv ʤeɪmz ɪn ðət ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈpɛrəˌgræf. pɔˈlin ˈɛdət pɔl ˈmɛnʃənz ˈmitɪŋ ʤeɪmz "ðə lɔrdz ˈbrəðər" ənd ˈleɪtər kɔlz ɪm wən əv ðə ˈpɪlərz ɪn ðə ɪˈpɪsəl tɪ ðə ðɛn ˈæftər θri jɪrz aɪ wɛnt əp tɪ ʤərˈusələm tɪ ˈvɪzɪt ˈsɛfəz ənd rɪˈmeɪnd wɪθ ɪm ˈfɪfˈtin deɪz. bət aɪ sɔ nən əv ðə ˈəðər əˈpɔsəlz ɪkˈsɛpt ʤeɪmz ðə lɔrdz ˈbrəðər. (ɪn wət aɪ æm ˈraɪtɪŋ tɪ ju, ˌbiˈfɔr gɑd, aɪ du nɑt laɪ!) ðɛn aɪ wɛnt ˈɪntu ðə ˈriʤənz əv ˈsɪriə ənd sɪˈlɪʃə. ...ðɛn ˈæftər ˌfɔrˈtin jɪrz aɪ wɛnt əp əˈgɛn tɪ ʤərˈusələm wɪθ ˈbɑrnəbəs, ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈtaɪtəs əˈlɔŋ wɪθ mi. ...jɛt bɪˈkəz əv fɔls ˈbrəðərz ˈsikrɪtli brɔt slɪpt ɪn tɪ spaɪ aʊt ɑr ˈfridəm ðət wi hæv ɪn kraɪst ˈʤizəs, soʊ ðət ðeɪ maɪt brɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˈɪntu ðɛm wi dɪd nɑt jild ɪn səbˈmɪʃən ˈivɪn fər ə ˈmoʊmənt, soʊ ðət ðə truθ əv ðə ˈgɔspəl maɪt bi prɪˈzərvd fər ju. ənd frəm ðoʊz hu simd tɪ bi ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl (wət ðeɪ wər meɪks noʊ ˈdɪfərəns tɪ mi; gɑd ʃoʊz noʊ partiality)—those*, aɪ seɪ, hu simd ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈædɪd ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ mi. ɔn ðə ˈkɑntrɛri, wɪn ðeɪ sɔ ðət aɪ hæd bɪn ɛnˈtrəstɪd wɪθ ðə ˈgɔspəl tɪ ðə uncircumcised*, ʤɪst ɛz ˈpitər hæd bɪn ɛnˈtrəstɪd wɪθ ðə ˈgɔspəl tɪ ðə ˈsərkəmˌsaɪzd (fər hi hu wərkt θru ˈpitər fər hɪz ˌæpɔˈstɔlɪk ˈmɪnɪstri tɪ ðə ˈsərkəmˌsaɪzd wərkt ˈɔlsoʊ θru mi fər maɪn tɪ ðə ˈʤɛnˌtaɪlz), ənd wɪn ʤeɪmz ənd ˈsɛfəz ənd ʤɑn, hu simd tɪ bi ˈpɪlərz, pərˈsivd ðə greɪs ðət wɑz ˈgɪvɪn tɪ mi, ðeɪ geɪv ðə raɪt hænd əv ˈfɛloʊˌʃɪp tɪ ˈbɑrnəbəs ənd mi, ðət wi ʃʊd goʊ tɪ ðə ˈʤɛnˌtaɪlz ənd ðeɪ tɪ ðə ˈsərkəmˌsaɪzd. ˈoʊnli, ðeɪ æst ˈjuˈɛs tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ðə pur, ðə ˈvɛri θɪŋ aɪ wɑz ˈigər tɪ ə "ʤeɪmz" ɪz ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn pɔlz fərst ɪˈpɪsəl tɪ ðə, ɛz wən tɪ hum ˈʤizəs əˈpɪrd ˈæftər hɪz ˌrɛzərˈɛkʃən: 3 fər aɪ dɪˈlɪvərd ˈəntu ju fərst əv ɔl ðət wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ aɪ rɪˈsivd: ðət kraɪst daɪd fər ɑr sɪnz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈskrɪpʧərz; 4 ənd ðət hi wɑz ˈbɛrid; ənd ðət hi hæθ bɪn reɪzd ɔn ðə θərd deɪ əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈskrɪpʧərz; 5 ənd ðət hi əˈpɪrd tɪ ˈsɛfəz; ðɛn tɪ ðə twɛlv; 6 ðɛn hi əˈpɪrd tɪ əˈbəv faɪv ˈhənərd ˈbrɛðrən æt wəns, əv hum ðə ˈgreɪtər pɑrt rɪˈmeɪn ənˈtɪl naʊ, bət səm ər ˈfɑlən əsˈlip; 7 ðɛn hi əˈpɪrd tɪ ʤeɪmz; ðɛn tɪ ɔl ðə əˈpɔsəlz; 8 ənd læst əv ɔl, ɛz tɪ ðə [ʧaɪld] ənˈtaɪmli bɔrn, hi əˈpɪrd tɪ mi ɪn ðə priˈsidɪŋ vərs, ðə seɪm grik wərd "adelphos*" (ˈbrəðər) ɪz juzd, bət nɑt ɪn ə sɛns: ðɛn hi əˈpɪrd tɪ mɔr ðən faɪv ˈhənərd ˈbrəðərz æt wən taɪm, moʊst əv hum ər stɪl əˈlaɪv, ðoʊ səm hæv ˈfɑlən əsˈlip. ækts əv ðə əˈpɔsəlz ˈɛdət ðɛr ɪz ə ʤeɪmz ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn ækts, wɪʧ ðə ˈkæθlɪk ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpidiə aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪz wɪθ ʤeɪmz, ðə ˈbrəðər əv ˈʤizəs: "bət hi [ˈpitər], ˈbɛkənɪŋ ˈəntu ðɛm wɪθ ðə hænd tɪ hoʊld ðɛr pis, dɪˈklɛrd ˈəntu ðɛm haʊ ðə lɔrd hæd brɔt ɪm aʊt əv ðə ˈprɪzən. ənd hi sɛd, goʊ ʃoʊ ðiz θɪŋz ˈəntu ʤeɪmz, ənd tɪ ðə ˈbrɛðrən. ənd hi dɪˈpɑrtɪd, ənd wɛnt ˈɪntu əˈnəðər pleɪs. (ækts wɪn ˈpitər, ˈhævɪŋ mərˈækjələsli ɪˈskeɪpt frəm ˈprɪzən, məst fli ʤərˈusələm du tɪ ˈhɛrəd ˌpərsəˈkjuʃən, hi æsks ðət ʤeɪmz bi ˌɪnˈfɔrmd (ækts ʤeɪmz ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ən əˈθɔrəti ɪn ðə ˈərli ʧərʧ æt ðə ˈkaʊnsəl əv ʤərˈusələm (ʤeɪmz ɪz kˈwoʊtɪŋ ˈeɪməs ənd ˈæftər ðeɪ hæd hɛld ðɛr pis, ʤeɪmz ˈænsərd, seɪɪŋ, mɛn ənd ˈbrɛðrən, ˈəntu mi: ˈsɪmiən hæθ dɪˈklɛrd haʊ gɑd æt ðə fərst dɪd ˈvɪzɪt ðə ˈʤɛnˌtaɪlz, tɪ teɪk aʊt əv ðɛm ə ˈpipəl fər hɪz neɪm. ənd tɪ ðɪs əˈgri ðə wərdz əv ðə ˈprɑfəts; ɛz ɪt ɪz ˈrɪtən, ˈæftər ðɪs aɪ wɪl rɪˈtərn, ənd wɪl bɪld əˈgɛn ðə ˈtæbərˌnækəl əv ˈdeɪvɪd, wɪʧ ɪz ˈfɑlən daʊn; ənd aɪ wɪl bɪld əˈgɛn ðə ruɪnz ˌðɛˈrəv, ənd aɪ wɪl sɛt ɪt əp: ðət ðə ˈrɛzəˌdu əv mɛn maɪt sik ˈæftər ðə lɔrd, ənd ɔl ðə ˈʤɛnˌtaɪlz, əˈpɑn hum maɪ neɪm ɪz kɔld, ðə lɔrd, hu ɔl ðiz θɪŋz. noʊn ˈəntu gɑd ər ɔl hɪz wərks frəm ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə wərld. maɪ ˈsɛntəns ɪz, ðət wi ˈtrəbəl nɑt ðɛm, wɪʧ frəm əˈməŋ ðə ˈʤɛnˌtaɪlz ər tərnd tɪ gɑd: bət ðət wi raɪt ˈəntu ðɛm, ðət ðeɪ əbˈsteɪn frəm əv ˈaɪdəlz, ənd frəm fornication*, ənd frəm θɪŋz ˈstræŋgəld, ənd frəm bləd. fər ˈmoʊzɪs əv oʊld taɪm hæθ ɪn ˈɛvəri ˈsɪti ðɛm ðət priʧ ɪm, biɪŋ rɛd ɪn ðə ˈsɪnəˌgɔgz ˈɛvəri ˈsæbəθ deɪ. (ækts ˈæftər ðɪs, ðɛr ɪz ˈoʊnli wən mɔr ˈmɛnʃən əv ʤeɪmz ɪn ækts, ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ pɔl ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr pɔlz ərˈɛst: "ənd wɪn wi wər kəm tɪ ʤərˈusələm, ðə ˈbrɛðrən rɪˈsivd ˈjuˈɛs ˈglædli. ənd ðə deɪ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ pɔl wɛnt ɪn wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs ˈəntu ʤeɪmz; ənd ɔl ðə ˈɛldərz wər ˈprɛzənt. (ækts ˈgɑspəlz ˈɛdət ðə sɪˈnɑptɪk ˈgɑspəlz, ˈsɪmələrli tɪ ðə ɪˈpɪsəl tɪ ðə, ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ə kɔr grup əv θri dɪˈsaɪpəlz (ˈpitər, ʤɑn ənd ʤeɪmz) ˈhævɪŋ ðə seɪm neɪmz ɛz ðoʊz ˈgɪvɪn baɪ pɔl. ɪn ðə lɪst əv ðə dɪˈsaɪpəlz faʊnd ɪn ðə ˈgɑspəlz, tu dɪˈsaɪpəlz huz neɪmz ər ʤeɪmz, ðə sən əv ənd ʤeɪmz, sən əv ər ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn ðə lɪst əv ðə twɛlv dɪˈsaɪpəlz: (ˈmæθju ðə ˈgɔspəl əv mɑrk ənd ðə ˈgɔspəl əv ˈmæθju ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmɛnʃən ə ʤeɪmz ɛz ˈʤizəs' ˈbrəðər: "ɪz nɑt ðɪs ðə ˈkɑrpəntər, ðə sən əv ˈmɛri, ðə ˈbrəðər əv ʤeɪmz, ənd, ənd əv juda*, ənd ˈsaɪmən? ənd ər nɑt hɪz ˈsɪstərz hir wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs? ənd ðeɪ wər əˈfɛndɪd æt ðə ˈgɔspəl əv ʤɑn ˈnɛvər ˈmɛnʃənz ˈɛniˌwən kɔld ʤeɪmz, bət ˈmɛnʃənz ˈʤizəs' ənˈneɪmd "ˈbrəðərz" ɛz biɪŋ ˈprɛzənt wɪθ ˈmɛri wɪn ˈʤizəs əˈtɛndəd ðə ˈwɛdɪŋ æt ˈkænə (ʤɑn ənd ˈleɪtər ðət hɪz ˈbrəðərz dɪd nɑt bɪˈliv ɪn ɪm (ʤɑn ʧərʧ ˈfɑðərz ˈɛdət ˈfrægmənt ɛks əv (ˈraɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈsɛnʧəri) rɪˈfərz tɪ "ʤeɪmz ðə ˈbɪʃəp ənd ˈsɛnʧəri), ɪn ðə fɪθ bʊk əv hɪz ˈkɑmənˌtɛriz, ˈmɛnʃənz ðət ʤeɪmz wɑz meɪd ə ˈbɪʃəp əv ʤərˈusələm bət hi dɪz nɑt ˈmɛnʃən baɪ hum: "ˈæftər ðə əˈpɔsəlz, ʤeɪmz ðə ˈbrəðər əv ðə lɔrd ðə ʤɪst wɑz meɪd hɛd əv ðə ʧərʧ æt roʊt faɪv bʊks (naʊ lɔst ɪkˈsɛpt fər səm kwoʊˈteɪʃənz baɪ) əv ˈkɑmənˌtɛriz ɔn ðə ækts əv ðə ʧərʧ. ɪn dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ ˈʤeɪmzɪz əˈsɛtɪk ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl, ˌɛˌkliziˈæstɪkəl ˈhɪstəri (bʊk, 23 kwoʊts' əˈkaʊnt əv ʤeɪmz frəm ðə fɪθ bʊk əv ˈkɑmənˌtɛriz ɔn ðə ækts əv ðə ʧərʧ: ʤeɪmz, ðə lɔrdz ˈbrəðər, səkˈsidz tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əv ðə ʧərʧ, ɪn kənˈʤəŋkʃən wɪθ ðə əˈpɔsəlz. hi həz bɪn ˌjunəˈvərsəli kɔld ðə ʤɪst, frəm ðə deɪz əv ðə lɔrd daʊn tɪ ðə ˈprɛzənt taɪm. fər ˈmɛni bɔr ðə neɪm əv ʤeɪmz; bət ðɪs wən wɑz ˈhoʊli frəm hɪz ˈməðərz wum. hi dræŋk noʊ waɪn ər ˈəðər ˌɪnˈtɑksɪˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈlɪkər, nɔr dɪd hi it flɛʃ; noʊ ˈreɪzər keɪm əˈpɑn hɪz hɛd; hi dɪd nɑt əˈnɔɪnt hɪmˈsɛlf wɪθ ɔɪl, nɔr meɪk juz əv ðə bæθ. hi əˈloʊn wɑz pərˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈɛnər ðə ˈhoʊli pleɪs: fər hi dɪd nɑt wɛr ˈɛni ˈwʊlən ˈgɑrmənt, bət faɪn ˈlɪnən ˈoʊnli. hi əˈloʊn, aɪ seɪ, wɑz woʊnt tɪ goʊ ˈɪntu ðə ˈtɛmpəl: ənd hi juzd tɪ bi faʊnd ˈnilɪŋ ɔn hɪz niz, ˈbɛgɪŋ fərˈgɪvnəs fər ðə ðət ðə skɪn əv hɪz niz bɪˈkeɪm ˈhɔrni laɪk ðət əv ə ˈkæməlz, baɪ ˈrizən əv hɪz ˈkɑnstəntli ˈbɛndɪŋ ðə ni ɪn ˌædərˈeɪʃən tɪ gɑd, ənd ˈbɛgɪŋ fərˈgɪvnəs fər ðə ˈklɛmənt əv ˌæləgˈzændriə (leɪt ˈsɛnʧəri) roʊt ɪn ðə sɪksθ bʊk əv hɪz ðət ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst wɑz ˈʧoʊzən ɛz ə ˈbɪʃəp əv ʤərˈusələm baɪ ˈpitər, ʤeɪmz (ðə ˈgreɪtər) ənd ʤɑn: "fər ðeɪ seɪ ðət ˈpitər ənd ʤeɪmz ənd ʤɑn ˈæftər ðə əˈsɛnʃən əv ɑr saviour*, ɛz ɪf ˈɔlsoʊ prɪˈfərd baɪ ɑr lɔrd, stroʊv nɑt ˈæftər ˈɑnər, bət ʧoʊz ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst ˈbɪʃəp əv 7 ˈklɛmənt, ɪn ðə ˈsɛvənθ bʊk əv ðə seɪm wərk, rɪˈleɪts ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ kənˈsərnɪŋ ɪm: "ðə lɔrd ˈæftər hɪz ˌrɛzərˈɛkʃən ˌɪmˈpɑrtɪd ˈnɑlɪʤ (gnōsin*) tɪ ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst ənd tɪ ʤɑn ənd ˈpitər, ənd ðeɪ ˌɪmˈpɑrtɪd ɪt tɪ ðə rɛst əv ðə əˈpɔsəlz, ənd ðə rɛst əv ðə əˈpɔsəlz tɪ ðə ˈsɛvənti, əv hum ˈbɑrnəbəs wɑz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛnʧəri) ʤeɪmz wɑz neɪmd ə ˈbɪʃəp əv ʤərˈusələm baɪ ðə əˈpɔsəlz: "ʤeɪmz, ðə ˈbrəðər əv ðə lɔrd, tɪ hum ðə ɪˈpɪskəpəl sit æt ʤərˈusələm hæd bɪn ɛnˈtrəstɪd baɪ ðə ʤəroʊm roʊt ðə seɪm: "ʤeɪmz... ˈæftər ɑr lɔrdz ˈpæʃən... ɔrˈdeɪnd baɪ ðə əˈpɔsəlz ˈbɪʃəp əv ʤərˈusələm..." ənd ðət ʤeɪmz "ruld ðə ʧərʧ əv ʤərˈusələm ˈθərˌdi ˈsɛnʧəri) ˈbɪʃəp əv səˈlɑmiz, roʊt ɪn hɪz wərk ðə (æd ðət "ʤeɪmz, ðə ˈbrəðər əv ðə lɔrd daɪd ɪn vərˈʤɪnɪti æt ðə eɪʤ əv əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ʤəroʊm ˈsɛnʧəri), ʤeɪmz, ðə ˈbrəðər, wɑz ən əˈpɔsəl, tu; ʤəroʊm kwoʊts ˈskrɪpʧərz ɛz ə pruf ɪn hɪz wərk "ðə pərˈpɛʧuəl vərˈʤɪnɪti əv blɛst ˈmɛri", ˈraɪtɪŋ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: ˈnoʊtɪs, mɔˈroʊvər, ðət ðə lɔrdz ˈbrəðər ɪz ən əˈpɔsəl, sɪns pɔl sɪz «ðɛn ˈæftər θri jɪrz aɪ wɛnt əp tɪ ʤərˈusələm tɪ ˈvɪzɪt ˈsɛfəz, ənd wɪθ ɪm ˈfɪfˈtin deɪz. bət ˈəðər əv ðə əˈpɔsəlz sɔ aɪ nən, seɪv ʤeɪmz ðə lɔrdz ˈbrəðər.» ənd ɪn ðə seɪm ɪˈpɪsəl «ənd wɪn ðeɪ pərˈsivd ðə greɪs ðət wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ˈəntu mi, ʤeɪmz ənd ˈsɛfəz ənd ʤɑn, hu wər rɪˈpjutɪd tɪ bi ˈpɪlərz,» ˈərli ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈɛdət səm əˈpɑkrəfəl ˈgɑspəlz ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ tɪ ðə ˈrɛvərəns ʤuɪʃ ˈfɑloʊərz əv ˈʤizəs hæd fər ʤeɪmz. ðə ˈgɔspəl əv ðə ˈhibruz kənˈfərmz ðə əˈkaʊnt əv pɔl ɪn 1 rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈrɪzən ˈʤizəs' əˈpɪrəns tɪ ʤəroʊm ˈsɛnʧəri) kwoʊts ðə ˈgɔspəl əv ðə ˈhibruz: 'naʊ ðə lɔrd, ˈæftər hi hæd ˈgɪvɪn hɪz greɪv kloʊðz tɪ ðə ˈsərvənt əv ðə prist, əˈpɪrd tɪ ʤeɪmz, fər ʤeɪmz hæd swɔrn ðət hi wʊd nɑt it brɛd frəm ðət aʊər ɪn wɪʧ hi hæd drəŋk ðə lɔrdz kəp ənˈtɪl hi ʃʊd si ɪm ˈrɪzən frəm ðə dɛd.' ənd ə ˈlɪtəl ˈfərðər ɔn ðə lɔrd sɪz, 'brɪŋ ə ˈteɪbəl ənd brɛd.' ənd ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ɪt ɪz ˈædɪd, 'hi tʊk brɛd ənd blɛst ənd broʊk ənd geɪv ɪt tɪ ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst ənd sɛd tɪ ɪm, "maɪ ˈbrəðər, it jʊr brɛd, fər ðə sən əv mæn ɪz ˈrɪzən frəm ðə dɛd."' ənd soʊ hi ruld ðə ʧərʧ əv ʤərˈusələm ˈθərˌdi jɪrz, ðət ɪz, ənˈtɪl ðə ˈsɛvənθ jɪr əv 8 ðə ˈgɔspəl əv ˈtɑməs kənˈfərmz ðət ˈʤizəs, ˈæftər hɪz ˌrɛzərˈɛkʃən, neɪmz ʤeɪmz ɛz ə ˈlidər əv hɪz dɪˈsaɪpəlz: ðə dɪˈsaɪpəlz sɛd tɪ ˈʤizəs, 'wi noʊ ðət ju wɪl dɪˈpɑrt frəm ˈjuˈɛs. hu wɪl bi ɑr ˈlidər?' ˈʤizəs sɛd tɪ ðɛm, 'wɛr ju ər, ju ər tɪ goʊ tɪ ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst, fər huz seɪk ˈhɛvən ənd ərθ keɪm ˈɪntu ðə ˈgɔspəl əv 9 kənˈfərmz ðə əˈkaʊnt əv pɔl ɪn 1 rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə ˈrɪzən ˈʤizəs' əˈpɪrəns tɪ ʤeɪmz. ðə ˈgɔspəl əv ˈtɑməs rɪˈleɪts ðət ðə dɪˈsaɪpəlz æst ˈʤizəs, ˈæftər hɪz ˌrɛzərˈɛkʃən ənd ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz əˈsɛnʃən, "wi ər əˈwɛr ðət ju wɪl dɪˈpɑrt frəm ˈjuˈɛs. hu wɪl bi ɑr ˈlidər?" ˈʤizəs sɛd tɪ ðɛm, "noʊ ˈmætər wɛr ju kəm [frəm] ɪt ɪz tɪ ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst ðət ju ʃæl goʊ, fər huz seɪk ˈhɛvən ənd ərθ hæv kəm tɪ dɪˈskraɪbz ʤeɪmz ɛz ə ðə fərst əˈpɑkəˌlɪps əv ʤeɪmz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈʤeɪmzɪz neɪm ˈmɛnʃənz ˈmɛni ˈditeɪlz, səm əv wɪʧ meɪ rɪˈflɛkt ˈərli trəˈdɪʃənz: hi ɪz sɛd tɪ hæv əˈθɔrəti ˈoʊvər ðə twɛlv əˈpɔsəlz ənd ðə ˈərli ʧərʧ; kleɪmz ðət ʤeɪmz ənd ˈʤizəs ər nɑt ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈbrəðərz; ðɪs wərk ˈɔlsoʊ ædz, ˈsəmˈwət puzzlingly*, ðət ʤeɪmz lɛft ʤərˈusələm ənd flɛd tɪ ˈpɛlə, ˈʤɔrdən ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈroʊmən siʤ əv ðət ˈsɪti ɪn 70 (bɛn ˈwɪθərɪŋtən səˈʤɛsts wət ɪz mɛnt baɪ ðɪs wɑz ðət ˈʤeɪmzɪz boʊnz wər ˈteɪkən baɪ ðə ˈərli ˈkrɪsʧɪnz hu hæd flɛd frəm ˈnidɪd] ðə ˈsɛkənd əˈpɑkəˌlɪps əv ʤeɪmz neɪmz ˈʤeɪmzɪz ˈfɑðər ˈrəðər ðən ˈʤoʊzəf, hu ɪz pərˈzɛnəd ɛz ðə ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈfɑðər əv ʤeɪmz baɪ ðə mɪd ˈsɛnʧəri əv ðə əv ʤeɪmz, ðə soʊl ˈkɑpi əv wɪʧ wɑz faʊnd ɪn ðə næg ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ənd wɪʧ meɪ hæv bɪn ˈrɪtən ɪn ˈiʤɪpt ɪn ðə ˌriˈkaʊnts ə əˈpɪrəns əv ðə ˈrɪzən kraɪst tɪ ʤeɪmz ənd ˈpitər ðət ʤeɪmz ɪz sɛd tɪ hæv rɪˈkɔrdɪd ɪn ˈhibru. ɪn ðə ˈdaɪəˌlɔg, ˈpitər spiks twaɪs bət ˌmɪsəndərˈstændz ˈʤizəs. ˈoʊnli ʤeɪmz ɪz əˈdrɛst baɪ neɪm ənd ʤeɪmz ɪz ðə mɔr ˈdɑmənənt əv ðə ˈnidɪd] ðə əˈpɑkrəfəl ˈgɔspəl əv ˈfɪlɪp simz tɪ lɪst ə ˈmɛri ɛz ə ˈsɪstər əv ˈʤizəs wɪˈθaʊt ˈspɛsəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈwɛðər ʃi ɪz ðə ˈdɔtər əv ˈmɛri ənd ˈʤoʊzəf ər ðə ˈdɔtər əv ˈʤoʊzəf baɪ ə ˈpriviəs ˈmɛrɪʤ. ðə ˈgɔspəl əv ʤeɪmz (ər "ˈɪnfənsi ˈgɔspəl əv ʤeɪmz"), ə wərk əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈprɛzənts ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz ˈrɪtən baɪ ʤeɪmz ə saɪn ðət hɪz ˈɔθərˌʃɪp wʊd lɛnd əˈθɔrəti ənd soʊ du ˈsɛvərəl ɪn ðə faʊnd æt næg ˈnidɪd] ɪn ə ˈlɛtər əˈskraɪbd tɪ ðə ˈsɛnʧəri ˈklɛmənt əv ʤeɪmz wɑz kɔld ðə "ˈbɪʃəp əv ˈbɪʃəps, hu rulz ʤərˈusələm, ðə ˈhoʊli ʧərʧ əv ðə ˈhibruz, ənd ɔl ðə ˈʧərʧɪz riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp tɪ ˈʤizəs, ˈmɛri ənd ˈʤoʊzəf ˈɛdət ˈʤizəs' ˈbrəðərz ʤeɪmz ɛz wɛl ɛz ʤud, ˈsaɪmən ənd ər neɪmd ɪn ˈmæθju ənd mɑrk ənd ˈmɛnʃənd ˈɛlsˌwɛr. ˈʤeɪmzɪz neɪm ˈɔlˌweɪz əˈpɪrz fərst ɪn lɪsts, wɪʧ səˈʤɛsts hi wɑz ðə ˈɛldəst əˈməŋ ɪn ʤuɪʃ ænˈtɪkwətiz ʤoʊˈsifəs dɪˈskraɪbz ʤeɪmz ɛz "ðə ˈbrəðər əv ˈʤizəs hu ɪz kɔld kraɪst." ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv ðə freɪz "ˈbrəðər əv ðə lɔrd" ənd ˈsɪmələr ˈfreɪzɪz ɪz dɪˈvaɪdɪd bɪtˈwin ðoʊz hu bɪˈliv ðət ˈmɛri hæd əˈdɪʃənəl ˈʧɪldrən ˈæftər ˈʤizəs ənd ðoʊz (ˈkæθlɪks, ˈistərn ˈɔrθəˌdɑks, ənd səm ˈprɑtəstənts, səʧ ɛz ˈmɛni ˈæŋglɪkənz ənd ˈluθərənz) hu hoʊld ðə pərˈpɛʧuəl vərˈʤɪnɪti əv ˈmɛri. ðə ˈoʊnli ˈkæθlɪk ˈdɔktərɪn wɪʧ həz bɪn dɪˈfaɪnd rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə "ˈbrəðərz əv ðə lɔrd" ɪz ðət ðeɪ ər nɑt ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈʧɪldrən əv ðəs, ˈkæθlɪks du nɑt kənˈsɪdər ðɛm ɛz ˈsɪblɪŋz əv ˈʤizəs. nɪr kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri sources[which*?] ˌɪnˈsɪst ðət ʤeɪmz wɑz ə "pərˈpɛʧuəl ˈvərʤɪn" frəm ðə wum, ə tərm wɪʧ əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈrɑbərt ˈaɪzənmən wɑz ˈleɪtər kənˈvərtɪd tɪ hɪz ˈməðər, səm ˈraɪtərz, səʧ ɛz r.v*. ənd di. seɪ ðə ˈmæθju ˈsteɪtmənt ðət ˈʤoʊzəf "nu hər nɑt ənˈtɪl ʃi hæd brɔt fɔrθ hər ˈfərstˈbɔrn sən" tɪ min ðət ˈʤoʊzəf ənd ˈmɛri dɪd hæv ˈnɔrməl ˈmærətəl riˈleɪʃənz ˈæftər ˈʤizəs' bərθ, ənd ðət ʤeɪmz,, ʤud, ənd ˈsaɪmən, wər ðə ˈnæʧərəl sənz əv ˈmɛri ənd ˈʤoʊzəf ənd, ðəs, fʊl ˈbrəðərz əv ˈʤizəs. ˈəðərz, səʧ ɛz keɪ. beɪər, pɔɪnt aʊt ðət grik (ənˈtɪl) ˈæftər ə ˈnɛgətɪv "ˈɔfən həz noʊ ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən æt ɔl əˈbaʊt wət ˈhæpənd ˈæftər ðə ˈlɪmət əv ðə 'ənˈtɪl' wɑz ˈreɪmənd i. braʊn ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɑrgjuz ðət "ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈkɑntɛkst ˈfeɪvərz ə læk əv fˈjuʧər ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən hir, fər ˈmæθju ɪz kənˈsərnd ˈoʊnli wɪθ ˈstrɛsɪŋ ˈmɛriz vərˈʤɪnɪti ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ʧaɪldz ˈjəŋgər half-brother*, sən əv ˈmɛri ənd ˈʤoʊzəf ˈɛdət ðə ˈgɑspəlz əv ˈmæθju ənd luk seɪ ðət ˈʤizəs wɑz mərˈækjələsli kənˈsivd ənd bɔrn əv hɪz ˈməðər ˈmɛri waɪl ʃi wɑz stɪl ə ˈvərʤɪn (ˈmæθju luk ənd ðət ˈmɛri ənd ˈʤoʊzəf "dɪd nɑt ˈkɑnsəˌmeɪt ðɛr ˈmɛrɪʤ ənˈtɪl ʃi geɪv bərθ" tɪ ˈʤizəs (ˈmæθju ənd ˈʤizəs ɪz rɪˈfərd tɪ ɛz ðə "ˌfərstˈbɔrn sən" əv ˈmɛri (luk soʊ ʤeɪmz ənd ðə ˈəðər "ˈbrəðərz" əv ˈʤizəs ər kənˈsɪdərd baɪ ˈmɛni tɪ bi ˈʤizəsɪz ˈjəŋgər half-brothers*, bɔrn əv ˈmɛri ənd ˈʤoʊzəf. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ˈmɛri, ˈʤoʊzəf, ənd ˈʤizəsɪz ˈbrəðərz ər ˈsɪblɪŋz ər ˈɔfən dɪˈskraɪbd təˈgɛðər, wɪˈθaʊt ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈrɛlətɪvz (ˈmæθju mɑrk luk ʤɑn ækts ənd ˈʤizəsɪz ˈbrəðərz ər dɪˈskraɪbd wɪˈθaʊt əˈluʒən tɪ ˈəðərz (ʤɑn 1 fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈmæθju sɪz, "ˈɪzənt ðɪs ðə ˈkɑrpəntərz sən? ˈɪzənt hɪz ˈməðərz neɪm ˈmɛri, ənd ˈɑrənt hɪz ˈbrəðərz ʤeɪmz, ˈʤoʊzəf, ˈsaɪmən, ənd ʤud? ˈɑrənt ɔl hɪz ˈsɪstərz wɪθ ˈjuˈɛs?" ənd ʤɑn sɪz, "ˈivɪn hɪz oʊn ˈbrəðərz dɪd nɑt bɪˈliv ɪn ɪm." si. 380 simz tɪ bi ðə fərst ˌθiəˈloʊʤiən tɪ lʊk bæk ənd seɪ ðət ˈmɛri hæd ˈʧɪldrən ˈəðər ðən ʤəroʊm əˈsərts ɪn hɪz trækt ðə pərˈpɛʧuəl vərˈʤɪnɪti əv blɛst ˈmɛri, ɛz ən ˈænsər tɪ, ðət ðə tərm ˌfərstˈbɔrn wɑz juzd tɪ rɪˈfər tɪ ˈɛni ˈɔfˌsprɪŋ ðət ˈoʊpənd ðə wum, ˈrəðər ðən ˈdɛfənətli ˌɪmˈplaɪɪŋ ˈəðər luks rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ əv ðə ˈvɪzɪt əv ˈmɛri, ˈʤoʊzəf, ənd ˈʤizəs tɪ ðə ˈtɛmpəl əv ʤərˈusələm wɪn ˈʤizəs wɑz 12 jɪrz oʊld meɪks noʊ ˈrɛfərəns tɪ ˈɛni əv ˈʤizəs' half-brothers*. ðə ˈmɑdərn ˈskɑlər ˈrɑbərt ˈaɪzənmən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz əv ðə bɪˈlif ðət luk, ɛz ə kloʊz ˈfɑloʊər əv pɔˈlin ˈʤɛnˌtaɪl ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti, sɔt tɪ ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˈʤizəs' ˈfæməli baɪ ˌwəˈtɛvər minz ˈpɑsəbəl, ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ʤeɪmz ənd ˈʤizəs' ˈbrəðərz aʊt əv ðə ˈgɔspəl kɑrl ˈkitɪŋ ˈɑrgjuz ðət ˈmɛri ənd ˈʤoʊzəf rəʃt wɪˈθaʊt ˌhɛzəˈteɪʃən streɪt bæk tɪ ʤərˈusələm, wɪn ðeɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzd ˈʤizəs wɑz lɔst, wɪʧ ðeɪ wʊd ˈʃʊrli hæv θɔt twaɪs əˈbaʊt duɪŋ ɪf ðɛr wər ˈəðər ˈʧɪldrən (ˈʤizəs' ˈsɪblɪŋz) tɪ lʊk ˈoʊldər stepbrother*, sən əv ˈʤoʊzəf baɪ ən ˈərliər ˈmɛrɪʤ ˈɛdət ðə əv ʤeɪmz (ə ˈsɛnʧəri əˈpɑkrəfəl ˈgɔspəl ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld ðə ˈgɔspəl əv ʤeɪmz ər ðə ˈɪnfənsi ˈgɔspəl əv ʤeɪmz), sɪz ðət ˈmɛri wɑz tɪ ˈʤoʊzəf ənd ðət hi ɔˈrɛdi hæd ˈʧɪldrən. ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ʤeɪmz wɑz wən əv ˈʤoʊzəfs ˈʧɪldrən frəm hɪz ˈpriviəs ˈmɛrɪʤ ənd, ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ˈʤizəs' stepbrother*. ðə ˈbɪʃəp əv səˈlɑmiz,, roʊt tu ɪn hɪz wərk ðə (æd ðət "...ʤeɪmz (ˈbrəðər əv ˈʤizəs) wɑz ˈʤoʊzəfs sən baɪ ˈʤoʊzəfs fərst waɪf, nɑt baɪ hi ædz ðət ˈʤoʊzəf bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈfɑðər əv ʤeɪmz ənd hɪz θri ˈbrəðərz (joses*, ˈsɪmiən, ˈʤudə) ənd tu ˈsɪstərz (ə səˈloʊmi ənd ə ər ə səˈloʊmi ənd ən wɪθ ʤeɪmz biɪŋ ðə ˈɛldər ˈsɪblɪŋ. ʤeɪmz ənd hɪz ˈsɪblɪŋz wər nɑt ˈʧɪldrən əv ˈmɛri bət wər ˈʤoʊzəfs ˈʧɪldrən frəm ə ˈpriviəs ˈmɛrɪʤ. ˈæftər ˈʤoʊzəfs fərst waɪf daɪd, ˈmɛni jɪrz ˈleɪtər wɪn hi wɑz ˈeɪti, "hi tʊk ˈmɛri (ˈməðər əv ˈʤizəs)". əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈskrɪpʧərz kɔl ðɛm "ˈbrəðərz əv ðə lɔrd" tɪ ˈkɑnˌfaʊnd ðɛr wən ˈɑrgjəmənt səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðɪs vju ɪz ðət ɪt wʊd hæv bɪn əˈgɛnst ʤuɪʃ ˈkəstəm fər ˈʤizəs tɪ gɪv hɪz ˈməðər tɪ ðə kɛr əv ʤɑn (hu ɪz nɑt æt ɔl səˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi ə bləd ˈrɛlətɪv əv ˈʤizəs) ɪf ˈmɛri hæd ˈəðər ˈlɪvɪŋ sənz. ðɪs ɪz bɪˈkəz ðə ˈɛldəst sən wʊd teɪk riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti fər hɪz ˈməðər ˈæftər ðə dɛθ əv hər ˈhəzbənd; ˈɛni ˈəðər sənz əv ˈmɛri ʃʊd hæv ˈteɪkən ɔn ðɪs riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti ɪf ðeɪ ɪgˈzɪstəd, ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈɑrgjuɪŋ əˈgɛnst ə dɪˈrɛkt ˈnæʧərəl ˈbrəðər ˈɔlsoʊ, ənd ˈhibru ˈtɛndɪd tɪ juz tɪ pɔɪnt aʊt bləd riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps; ɪt ɪz əˈsərtəd ðət ʤɪst ˈkɔlɪŋ səm ˈpipəl "ˈbrəðərz əv ˈʤizəs" wʊd nɑt hæv ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ˌɪmˈplaɪd ðə seɪm ˈrəðər, ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk "sənz əv ðə ˈməðər əv ˈʤizəs" wʊd hæv bɪn juzd tɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ə ˈkɑmən ˈməðər. ˈskɑlərz ənd ˌθiəˈloʊʤənz hu əˈsərt ðɪs pɔɪnt aʊt ðət ˈʤizəs wɑz kɔld "ðə sən əv ˈmɛri" ˈrəðər ðən "ə sən əv ˈmɛri" ɪn hɪz ˈhoʊmˌtaʊn (mɑrk ˈkəzən, sən əv ə ˈsɪstər əv ˈmɛri ˈɛdət ʤeɪmz, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈəðərz neɪmd "ˈbrəðərz" əv ˈʤizəs, ər sɛd baɪ ˈəðərz tɪ hæv bɪn ˈʤizəs' ˈkəzənz. ðɪs ɪz ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd baɪ ðə fækt ðət ˈkəzənz wər ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld "ˈbrəðərz" ənd "ˈsɪstərz" ɪn ˈʤizəs' ˈneɪtɪv ˈlæŋgwɪʤ,, wɪʧ, laɪk ˈbɪblɪkəl ˈhibru, dɪz nɑt kənˈteɪn ə wərd fər ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðə grik wərdz ənd wər nɑt riˈstrɪktɪd tɪ ðə ˈminɪŋ əv ə ˈlɪtərəl ˈbrəðər ər ˈsɪstər ɪn ðə ˈbaɪbəl, nɔr wər ðɛr əv ˌkeɪsərˈiə (si. 275 339 rɪˈpɔrts ðə trəˈdɪʃən ðət ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst wɑz ðə sən əv ˈʤoʊzəfs ˈbrəðər ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr wɑz əv ðə "ˈbrəðərz" (wɪʧ hi ˌɪnˈtərprəts ɛz "ˈkəzən") əv ˈʤizəs dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ðə nu ˈtɛstəmənt. ðɪs ɪz ˈɛkoʊd baɪ ʤəroʊm (si. 342 419 ɪn də (ɔn ˌɪˈləstriəs mɛn) ʤeɪmz ɪz sɛd tɪ bi ðə sən əv əˈnəðər ˈmɛri, waɪf əv ənd ðə "ˈsɪstər" əv ˈmɛri, ðə ˈməðər əv ˈʤizəs ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈmænər: ʤeɪmz, hu ɪz kɔld ðə ˈbrəðər əv ðə lɔrd, ðə ʤɪst, ðə sən əv ˈʤoʊzəf baɪ əˈnəðər waɪf, ɛz səm θɪŋk, bət, ɛz əˈpɪrz tɪ mi, ðə sən əv ˈmɛri, ˈsɪstər əv ðə ˈməðər əv ɑr lɔrd əv hum ʤɑn meɪks ˈmɛnʃən ɪn hɪz ʤəroʊm rɪˈfərz tɪ ðə sin əv ðə ˌkrusɪˈfɪkʃən ɪn ʤɑn wɛr θri ˈwɪmən neɪmd ˈmɛri ˈmɛri, ðə ˈməðər əv ˈʤizəs, ˈmɛri əv, ənd ˈmɛri ˈmægdəˌlin ər sɛd tɪ bi ˈwɪtnəsɪz. ʤɑn ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmɛnʃənz ðə "ˈsɪstər" əv ðə ˈməðər əv ˈʤizəs, ˈɔfən aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd wɪθ ˈmɛri əv du tɪ ˈgræmər. ˈmɛri "əv" ɪz ˈɔfən ˌɪnˈtərprətəd ɛz ˈmɛri, "waɪf əv". ˈmɛri əv ˈnæzərɪθ ənd ˈmɛri əv ˈɔlsoʊ nid nɑt bi ˈlɪtərəli ˈsɪstərz, ɪn laɪt əv ðə ˈjusɪʤ əv ðə sɛd wərdz ɪn grik, ˈhibru ənd ˈmɛri əv ɪz səˈʤɛstɪd tɪ bi ðə seɪm ɛz "ˈmɛri, ðə ˈməðər əv ʤeɪmz ðə ˈjəŋgər ənd", "ˈmɛri ðə ˈməðər əv ʤeɪmz ənd ˈʤoʊzəf" ənd ðə "ˈəðər ˈmɛri" ɪn ˈʤizəs' ˌkrusɪˈfɪkʃən ənd əˈkaʊnts ɪn ðə sɪˈnɑptɪk ˈgɑspəlz. prəˈpoʊnənts əv ðɪs aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈɑrgju ðət ðə ˈraɪtərz əv ðə sɪˈnɑptɪks wʊd hæv kɔld ðɪs ˈmɛri, ˈsɪmpli, "ðə ˈməðər əv ˈʤizəs" ɪf ʃi wɑz ˌɪnˈdid mɛnt tɪ bi ðə ˈməðər əv ˈʤizəs, ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv hər sənz ˌkrusɪˈfɪkʃən ənd ˌrɛzərˈɛkʃən: ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ noʊt ðət ðə ˈməðər əv ʤeɪmz ənd ɪz kɔld "mərˈiə", wɛˈræz ðə ˈməðər əv ˈʤizəs ɪz "ˈmɑriəm" ər "marias*" ɪn grik. ðiz prəˈpoʊnənts faɪnd ɪt ənˈlaɪkli ðət ˈmɛri wʊd bi rɪˈfərd tɪ baɪ hər ˈnæʧərəl ˈʧɪldrən ˈəðər ðən ˈʤizəs æt səʧ ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt taɪm (ʤeɪmz ˈhæpənz tɪ bi ðə ˈbrəðər əv wən, ɛz spɛld ɪn mɑrk, ər ˈʤoʊzəf, ɛz ɪn əˈpɪnjən səˈʤɛsts ən aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən əv ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst wɪθ ðə əˈpɔsəl ʤeɪmz, sən əv; ənd ər θɔt tɪ bi ˈdɪfərənt grik ˈrɛndərɪŋz əv ðə seɪm neɪm dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs, səm ˈbɪblɪkəl ˈskɑlərz tɛnd tɪ dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ ðɛm; ðɪs ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ nɑt ˈroʊmən ˈkæθlɪk ˈdɑgmə, ðoʊ ə trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈtiʧɪŋ. sɪns ðɪs ɪz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ˈʤoʊzəf əv ˈbrəðər (si əˈbəv) ənd ðɪs ˈmɛri ɪz sɛd tɪ bi ˈmɛri əv ˈsɪstər, ʤeɪmz kʊd bi rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ˈʤizəs baɪ bləd ənd ˈjəŋgər half-brother*, sən əv ˈmɛri ənd ə ˈsɛkənd ˈhəzbənd ˈɛdət ə ˈvɛriənt ɔn ðɪs ɪz pərˈzɛnəd baɪ ʤeɪmz hu ˈɑrgjuz ðət ˈæftər ðə ˈərli ənd ˈʧaɪldləs dɛθ əv ˈʤoʊzəf, ˈmɛri ˈmɛrid, hum hi ækˈsɛpts ɛz ə ˈjəŋgər ˈbrəðər əv ˈʤoʊzəf, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə lɔ. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðɪs vju, ˈfɑðərd ʤeɪmz ənd ðə ˈleɪtər ˈsɪblɪŋz, bət nɑt ˈʤizəs. ʤɑn ˈdɑmənɪk ˈkrɑsən səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ʤeɪmz wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈʤizəs' ˈoʊldər aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən wɪθ ʤeɪmz, sən əv, ənd wɪθ ʤeɪmz ðə lɛs ˈɛdət ə ˈmɛri ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈmɛnʃənd ɛz ðə ˈməðər əv ʤeɪmz, ðə ˈjəŋgər ənd əv ˈʤoʊzəf ɪn ðə ˈgɔspəl əv mɑrk: səm ˈwɪmən wər ˈwɑʧɪŋ frəm ə ˈdɪstəns. əˈməŋ ðɛm wər ˈmɛri ˈmægdəˌlin, ˈmɛri ðə ˈməðər əv ʤeɪmz ðə ˈjəŋgər ənd əv ˈʤoʊzəf, ənd səˈloʊmi. (mɑrk ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, əˈnəðər ˈmɛri ɪz ˈmɛnʃənd ɛz ðə ˈməðər əv ə ʤeɪmz ənd əv ə ˈʤoʊzəf ɪn ðə ˈgɔspəl əv ˈmæθju ənd ɪn ðə ˈgɔspəl əv mɑrk: wɪn ðə ˈsæbəθ wɑz ˈoʊvər, ˈmɛri ˈmægdəˌlin, ˈmɛri ðə ˈməðər əv ʤeɪmz, ənd səˈloʊmi bɔt ˈspaɪsɪz soʊ ðət ðeɪ maɪt goʊ tɪ əˈnɔɪnt ˈʤizəs' ˈbɑdi. (mɑrk əˈməŋ ðɛm wər ˈmɛri ˈmægdəˌlin, ˈmɛri ðə ˈməðər əv ʤeɪmz ənd ˈʤoʊzəf, ənd ðə ˈməðər əv sənz. (ˈmæθju ˈroʊmən ˈkæθlɪk ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən ˈʤɛnərəli hoʊldz ðət ʤeɪmz, ðə ˈjəŋgər ɪz ðə seɪm ʤeɪmz ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn mɑrk ənd ˈmæθju ənd ɪt ɪz tɪ bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd wɪθ ʤeɪmz, ðə sən əv ənd ʤeɪmz, ðə ˈbrəðər əv əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈkæθlɪk ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpidiə, hi ɪz nɑt, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd wɪθ ʤeɪmz ðə ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɪs ɪz dɪˈspjutɪd baɪ ˈpɑsəbəl aɪˈdɛntəˌti wɪθ ʤeɪmz, sən əv ˈɛdət ʤəroʊm bɪˈlivd ðət ðə "ˈbrəðərz" əv ðə lɔrd wər ˈʤizəs' ˈkəzənz, ðəs ˈæmpləˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˈdɔktərɪn əv pərˈpɛʧuəl vərˈʤɪnɪti. ʤəroʊm kənˈkludɪd ðət ʤeɪmz "ðə ˈbrəðər əv ðə lɔrd", ɪz ˈðɛrˌfɔr ʤeɪmz, sən əv, wən əv ðə twɛlv əˈpɔsəlz əv ˈʤizəs, ənd ðə sən əv ˈmɛri ɪn tu smɔl bət pəˈtɛnʃəli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt wərks əv həˈpɑlətəs, ɔn ðə twɛlv əˈpɔsəlz əv kraɪst ənd ɔn ðə ˈsɛvənti əˈpɔsəlz əv kraɪst, hi rɪˈleɪts ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: ənd ʤeɪmz ðə sən əv, wɪn ˈpriʧɪŋ ɪn ʤərˈusələm wɑz stoʊnd tɪ dɛθ baɪ ðə ʤuz, ənd wɑz ˈbɛrid ðɛr ˌbiˈsaɪd ðə ʤeɪmz, ðə ˈbrəðər əv ˈʤizəs, wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ stoʊnd tɪ dɛθ baɪ ðə ðiz tu wərks əv həˈpɑlətəs ər ˈɔfən nɪˈglɛktɪd bɪˈkəz ðə ˈmænjəˌskrɪpts wər lɔst ˈdʊrɪŋ moʊst əv ðə ʧərʧ eɪʤ ənd ðɛn faʊnd ɪn gris ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri. ɛz moʊst ˈskɑlərz kənˈsɪdər ðɛm ˈspəriəs, ðeɪ ər ˈɔfən əˈskraɪbd tɪ. ðə tu ər ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ən əˈpɛndɪks tɪ ðə wərks əv həˈpɑlətəs ɪn ðə vəˈlumənəs kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈərli ʧərʧ əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə sərˈvaɪvɪŋ ˈfrægmənts əv ðə wərk ˌɛkspəˈzɪʃən əv ðə seɪɪŋz əv ðə lɔrd əv ðə ˌæpɔˈstɔlɪk ˈfɑðər əv hierapolis*, hu lɪvd si. æd, ənd ər ðə seɪm ˈpərsən, ənd ˈmɛri ðə waɪf əv ər wʊd bi ðə ˈməðər əv ʤeɪmz ðə ˈbrəðər əv ˈʤizəs, ənd əv ˈsaɪmən ənd ˈʤudəs (ˈθædiəs), ənd əv wən ˈʤoʊzəf. 1 ˈmɛri ðə ˈməðər əv ðə lɔrd; 2 ˈmɛri ðə waɪf əv ər, hu wɑz ðə ˈməðər əv ʤeɪmz ðə ˈbɪʃəp ənd əˈpɔsəl, ənd əv ˈsaɪmən ənd ˈθædiəs, ənd əv wən ˈʤoʊzəf; 3 ˈmɛri səˈloʊmi, waɪf əv, ˈməðər əv ʤɑn ðə ɪˈvænʤəlɪst ənd ʤeɪmz; 4 ˈmɛri ˈmægdəˌlin. ðiz fɔr ər faʊnd ɪn ðə ðəs ʤeɪmz, ðə ˈbrəðər əv ðə lɔrd wʊd bi ðə sən əv, hu ɪz ðə ˈhəzbənd əv ˈmɛri ðə waɪf əv ər ˈmɛri ðə waɪf əv. ðə aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən əv ʤeɪmz ɛz ðə sən əv wɑz pərˈpɛʧəˌweɪtɪd ˈɪntu ðə ˈsɛnʧəri ɪn ðə ˌhægiˈɑgrəfi ðə ˈgoʊldən ˈlɛʤənd əv ʤəˈkoʊbəs də ˈpɑsəbəl aɪˈdɛntəˌti wɪθ ʤeɪmz ðə lɛs ˈɛdət ʤəroʊm ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈkludɪd ðət ʤeɪmz "ðə ˈbrəðər əv ðə lɔrd" ɪz ðə seɪm ɛz ʤeɪmz ðə lɛs. tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ðɪs, ʤəroʊm fərst tɛlz ðət ʤeɪmz ðə lɛs məst bi aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd wɪθ ʤeɪmz, ðə sən əv, ənd rɪˈpɔrts ɪn hɪz wərk ðə pərˈpɛʧuəl vərˈʤɪnɪti əv blɛst ˈmɛri ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: du ju ˌɪnˈtɛnd ðə kəmˈpærətɪvˌli ənˈnoʊn ʤeɪmz ðə lɛs, hu ɪz kɔld ɪn ˈskrɪpʧər ðə sən əv ˈmɛri, nɑt ˌhaʊˈɛvər əv ˈmɛri ðə ˈməðər əv ɑr lɔrd, tɪ bi ən əˈpɔsəl, ər nɑt? ɪf hi ɪz ən əˈpɔsəl, hi məst bi ðə sən əv ənd ə bɪˈlivər ɪn ˈʤizəs ðə ˈoʊnli kənˈkluʒən ɪz ðət ðə ˈmɛri, hu ɪz dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ðə ˈməðər əv ʤeɪmz ðə lɛs wɑz ðə waɪf əv ənd ˈsɪstər əv ˈmɛri ðə lɔrdz ˈməðər, ðə wən hu ɪz kɔld baɪ ʤɑn ðə ɪˈvænʤəlɪst "ˈmɛri əv ˈæftər seɪɪŋ ðət ʤeɪmz ðə lɛs ɪz ðə seɪm ɛz ʤeɪmz, ðə sən əv ˈmɛri əv, waɪf əv ənd ˈsɪstər əv ˈmɛri ðə lɔrdz ˈməðər, ʤəroʊm dɪˈskraɪbz ɪn hɪz wərk də ðət ʤeɪmz "ðə ˈbrəðər əv ðə lɔrd" ɪz ðə seɪm ɛz ʤeɪmz, ðə sən əv ənd ˈmɛri əv: ʤeɪmz, hu ɪz kɔld ðə ˈbrəðər əv ðə lɔrd, ðə ʤɪst, ðə sən əv ˈʤoʊzəf baɪ əˈnəðər waɪf, ɛz səm θɪŋk, bət, ɛz əˈpɪrz tɪ mi, ðə sən əv ˈmɛri ˈsɪstər əv ðə ˈməðər ɑr lɔrd ˈmɛri əv əv hum ʤɑn meɪks ˈmɛnʃən ɪn hɪz bʊk (ʤɑn ðəs, ʤəroʊm kənˈkludz ðət ʤeɪmz, ðə sən əv, ʤeɪmz ðə lɛs, ənd ʤeɪmz, ˈbrəðər əv ðə lɔrd, ər wən ənd ðə seɪm ˈpərsən. ˈəðər riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps ˈɛdət ˈɔlsoʊ, ˈʤizəs ənd ʤeɪmz kʊd bi rɪˈleɪtɪd ɪn səm ˈəðər weɪ, nɑt ˈstrɪktli "ˈkəzənz", ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ðə tərm ənd ðə tərm fər əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə əˈpɑkrəfəl fərst əˈpɑkəˌlɪps əv ʤeɪmz, ʤeɪmz ɪz nɑt ðə ˈərθli ˈbrəðər əv ˈʤizəs, bət ə ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl hu əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə "rɪˈsivd ˈsikrɪt ˈnɑlɪʤ frəm ˈʤizəs praɪər tɪ ðə dɛθ ˈɛdət əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ʤoʊˈsifəs ʤeɪmz wɑz stoʊnd tɪ dɛθ baɪ bɛn ˈklɛmənt əv ˌæləgˈzændriə rɪˈleɪts ðət "ʤeɪmz wɑz θroʊn frəm ðə ˈpɪnəkəl əv ðə ˈtɛmpəl, ənd wɑz ˈbitən tɪ dɛθ wɪθ ə saɪts ðət "ðə skraɪbz ənd pleɪst ʤeɪmz əˈpɑn ðə ˈpɪnəkəl əv ðə ˈtɛmpəl, ənd θru daʊn ðə ʤɪst mæn, ənd ðeɪ bɪˈgæn tɪ stoʊn ɪm, fər hi wɑz nɑt kɪld baɪ ðə fɔl. ənd wən əv ðɛm, hu wɑz ə ˈfʊlər, tʊk ðə kləb wɪθ wɪʧ hi bit aʊt kloʊðz ənd strək ðə ʤɪst mæn ɔn ðə əv ˈbæzəl, ə ˈmænjəˌskrɪpt ˈdeɪtɪŋ frəm leɪt tɛnθ ər ˈərli ˈilɛvənθ ˈsɛnʧəri. ˈmɑrtərdəm əv ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst ɪn, ə ˈmænjəˌskrɪpt ˈdeɪtɪŋ frəm leɪt tɛnθ ər ˈərli ˈilɛvənθ ˈsɛnʧəri. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈpæsɪʤ faʊnd ɪn ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈmænjəˌskrɪpts əv ʤoʊˈsifəs' ænˈtɪkwətiz əv ðə ʤuz, "ðə ˈbrəðər əv ˈʤizəs, hu wɑz kɔld kraɪst, huz neɪm wɑz ʤeɪmz" mɛt hɪz dɛθ ˈæftər ðə dɛθ əv ðə ˈfɛstəs bət ˌbiˈfɔr hæd əˈsumd ˈɔfəs (ænˈtɪkwətiz wɪʧ həz bɪn ˈdeɪtɪd tɪ ðə haɪ prist ˈheɪnən bɛn ˈheɪnən ɪn ˈlætən) tʊk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ðɪs læk əv ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt tɪ əˈsɛmbəl ə ˌsænˈhidrɪn (ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə kərˈɛkt trænzˈleɪʃən əv ðə grik ɪz "ə ˈkaʊnsəl əv ˈʤəʤɪz"), hu kənˈdɛmd ʤeɪmz "ɔn ðə ʧɑrʤ əv ˈbreɪkɪŋ ðə lɔ", ðɛn hæd ɪm ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd baɪ ʤoʊˈsifəs rɪˈpɔrts ðət ækt wɑz ˈwaɪdli vjud ɛz ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈmərdər ənd əˈfɛndɪd ə ˈnəmbər əv "ðoʊz hu wər kənˈsɪdərd ðə moʊst ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈsɪti, ənd strɪkt ɪn ðɛr əbˈzərvəns əv ðə lɔ", hu wɛnt soʊ fɑr ɛz tɪ əreɪnʤ ə ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ɛz hi ˈɛnərd ðə ˈprɑvɪns ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ pəˈtɪʃən ɪm səkˈsɛsfəli əˈbaʊt ðə ˈmætər. ɪn rɪˈspɑns, kɪŋ əˈgrɪpə ˌriˈpleɪst wɪθ ˈʤizəs sən əv ðə ʧərʧ ˈfɑðər origen*, hu kənˈsəltɪd ðə wərks əv ʤoʊˈsifəs ɪn əraʊnd 248 rɪˈleɪtɪd ən əˈkaʊnt əv ðə dɛθ əv ʤeɪmz, ən əˈkaʊnt wɪʧ geɪv ɪt ɛz ə kɔz əv ðə ˈroʊmən siʤ əv ʤərˈusələm, ˈsəmθɪŋ nɑt faʊnd ɪn ɑr ˈkɑrənt ˈmænjəˌskrɪpts əv roʊt ðət "ðə mɔr ˈsɛnsəbəl ˈivɪn əv ðə ʤuz wər əv ðə əˈpɪnjən ðət ðɪs (ʤeɪmz' dɛθ) wɑz ðə kɔz əv ðə siʤ əv ʤərˈusələm, wɪʧ ˈhæpənd tɪ ðɛm ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ˈæftər hɪz ˈmɑrtərdəm fər noʊ ˈəðər ˈrizən ðən ðɛr ˈdɛrɪŋ ækt əˈgɛnst ɪm. ʤoʊˈsifəs, æt list, həz nɑt ˈhɛzɪˌteɪtɪd tɪ ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ ðɪs ɪn hɪz ˈraɪtɪŋz, wɛr hi sɪz, «ðiz θɪŋz ˈhæpənd tɪ ðə ʤuz tɪ əˈvɛnʤ ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst, hu wɑz ə ˈbrəðər əv ˈʤizəs, ðət ɪz kɔld ðə kraɪst. fər ðə ʤuz slu ɪm, ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi wɑz ə moʊst ʤɪst, waɪl kˈwoʊtɪŋ ʤoʊˈsifəs' əˈkaʊnt, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈrɛkərdz ˈəðərˌwaɪz lɔst ˈpæsɪʤɪz frəm (si lɪŋks bɪˈloʊ) ənd ˈklɛmənt əv ˌæləgˈzændriə ecclesiae*,' əˈkaʊnt ˈvɛriz ˈsəmˈwət frəm wət ʤoʊˈsifəs rɪˈpɔrts ənd meɪ bi ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ ˈrɛkənˌsaɪl ðə ˈvɛriəs əˈkaʊnts baɪ kəmˈbaɪnɪŋ ðɛm. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ðə skraɪbz ənd keɪm tɪ ʤeɪmz fər hɛlp ɪn ˈpʊtɪŋ daʊn ˈkrɪsʧɪn bɪˈlifs. ðə ˈrɛkərd sɪz: ðeɪ keɪm, ˈðɛrˌfɔr, ɪn ə ˈbɑdi tɪ ʤeɪmz, ənd sɛd: "wi ði, riˈstreɪn ðə ˈpipəl: fər ðeɪ hæv gɔn əˈstreɪ ɪn ðɛr əˈpɪnjənz əˈbaʊt ˈʤizəs, ɛz ɪf hi wər ðə kraɪst. wi ði tɪ pərsˈweɪd ɔl hu hæv kəm ˈhɪðər fər ðə deɪ əv ðə ˈpæˌsoʊvər, kənˈsərnɪŋ ˈʤizəs. fər wi ɔl ˈlɪsən tɪ ðaɪ pərsˈweɪʒən; sɪns wi, ɛz wɛl ɛz ɔl ðə ˈpipəl, bɛr ði ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni ðət ðaʊ ɑrt ʤɪst, ənd ˌpɑrʃiˈæləti tɪ nən. du ðaʊ, ˈðɛrˌfɔr, pərsˈweɪd ðə ˈpipəl nɑt tɪ ˌɛnərˈteɪn ɛˈroʊniəs əˈpɪnjənz kənˈsərnɪŋ ˈʤizəs: fər ɔl ðə ˈpipəl, ənd wi ˈɔlsoʊ, ˈlɪsən tɪ ðaɪ pərsˈweɪʒən. teɪk ðaɪ stænd, ðɛn, əˈpɑn ðə ˈsəmɪt əv ðə ˈtɛmpəl, ðət frəm ðət ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd spɑt ðaʊ bi ˈklɪrli sin, ənd ðaɪ wərdz meɪ bi ˈpleɪnli ˈɑdəbəl tɪ ɔl ðə ˈpipəl. fər, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ əˈtɛnd ðə ˈpæˌsoʊvər, ɔl ðə traɪbz hæv ˈkɑŋgrɪˌgeɪtɪd ˈhɪðər, ənd səm əv ðə ˈʤɛnˌtaɪlz tɪ ðə skraɪbz' ənd' dɪsˈmeɪ, ʤeɪmz ˈboʊldli ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪd ðət "kraɪst hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn ˈhɛvən, æt ðə raɪt hænd əv ðə greɪt paʊər, ənd ʃæl kəm ɔn ðə klaʊdz əv ˈhɛvən". ðə skraɪbz ənd ðɛn sɛd tɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz, "wi hæv nɑt dən wɛl ɪn proʊˈkjʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni tɪ ˈʤizəs. bət lɛt ˈjuˈɛs goʊ əp ənd θroʊ ɪm daʊn, ðət ðeɪ meɪ bi əˈfreɪd, ənd nɑt bɪˈliv ɪm." əˈkɔrdɪŋli, ðə skraɪbz ənd θru daʊn ðə ʤɪst mæn... [ənd] bɪˈgæn tɪ stoʊn ɪm: fər hi wɑz nɑt kɪld baɪ ðə fɔl; bət hi tərnd, ənd daʊn, ənd sɛd: "aɪ biˈsiʧ ði, lɔrd gɑd ɑr ˈfɑðər, fərˈgɪv ðɛm; fər ðeɪ noʊ nɑt wət ðeɪ du." ənd, waɪl ðeɪ wər ðɛr, ˈstoʊnɪŋ ɪm tɪ dɛθ, wən əv ðə prists, ðə sənz əv rechab*, ðə sən əv rechabim*, tɪ hum ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni ɪz bɔrn baɪ ˌʤɛrəˈmaɪə ðə ˈprɑfət, bɪˈgæn tɪ kraɪ əˈlaʊd, seɪɪŋ: "sis, wət du jɛ? ðə ʤɪst mæn ɪz preɪɪŋ fər ˈjuˈɛs." bət wən əˈməŋ ðɛm, wən əv ðə fullers*, tʊk ðə stæf wɪθ wɪʧ hi wɑz əˈkəstəmd tɪ rɪŋ aʊt ðə ˈgɑrmənts hi daɪd, ənd hərld ɪt æt ðə hɛd əv ðə ʤɪst mæn. ənd soʊ hi ˈsəfərd ˈmɑrtərdəm; ənd ðeɪ ˈbɛrid ɪm ɔn ðə spɑt, ənd ðə ˈpɪlər ɪˈrɛktɪd tɪ hɪz ˈmɛməri stɪl rɪˈmeɪnz, kloʊz baɪ ðə ˈtɛmpəl. ðɪs mæn wɑz ə tru ˈwɪtnəs tɪ boʊθ ʤuz ənd griks ðət ˈʤizəs ɪz ðə kraɪst. ənd ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər bɪˈsiʤd judaea*, ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛm ˈkæptɪv. ˈfrægmənts frəm ðə ækts əv ðə ʧərʧ; kənˈsərnɪŋ ðə ˈmɑrtərdəm əv ʤeɪmz, ðə ˈbrəðər əv ðə lɔrd, frəm bʊk siʤ ənd ˈkæpʧər əv ʤərˈusələm dɪˈleɪd ðə səˈlɛkʃən əv ˈsɪmiən əv ʤərˈusələm tɪ səkˈsid ʤeɪmz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈfɪlɪp ʃæf ɪn 1904 ðɪs əˈkaʊnt baɪ həz bɪn ˈsaɪtɪd ˈoʊvər ənd ˈoʊvər əˈgɛn baɪ hɪˈstɔriənz ɛz əˈsaɪnɪŋ ðə deɪt əv ðə ˈmɑrtərdəm tɪ 69 ðoʊ hi ˈʧælənʤd ðə əˈsəmpʃən ðət gɪvz ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ dɪˈnoʊt səʧ ə ʤoʊˈsifəs dɪz nɑt ˈmɛnʃən ɪn hɪz ˈraɪtɪŋz haʊ ʤeɪmz wɑz ɪˈpɪsəl əv ʤeɪmz ˈɛdət ʤeɪmz ɪz ə ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈɔθər əv ðə ˌæpɔˈstɔlɪk dɪˈkri əv ækts 15 ðə ɪˈpɪsəl əv ʤeɪmz həz bɪn trəˈdɪʃənəli əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst sɪns bət, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ dæn məˈkɑrtni, ɪt ɪz naʊ ˈkɑmən fər ˈskɑlərz tɪ dɪsəˈgri ɔn ɪts fist deɪ ˈɛdət ɪn ðə ˈroʊmən ˈkæθlɪk ʧərʧ, ðə fist deɪ əv ˈfɪlɪp ðə əˈpɔsəl, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðət əv ʤeɪmz ðə ˈlɛsər (ˈroʊmən ˈkæθlɪks aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ɪm wɪθ ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst ɛz ðə seɪm ˈpərsən), wɑz trəˈdɪʃənəli əbˈzərvd ɔn 1 meɪ, ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv ðə ʧərʧ ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ðɛm ɪn roʊm (naʊ kɔld ðə ʧərʧ əv ðə twɛlv əˈpɔsəlz). ðɛn ðɪs kəmˈbaɪnd fist ˈtrænsfərd tɪ meɪ 3 ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈkæləndər. ɪn ðə ˈistərn ˈɔrθəˌdɑks ʧərʧ, ʤeɪmz ɪz kəˈmɛmərˌeɪtɪd ɛz "əˈpɔsəl ʤeɪmz ðə ʤɪst, ˈbrəðər əv ɑr lɔrd", ənd ɛz səʧ, ˈməltəpəl deɪz ər əˈsaɪnd tɪ hɪz fists. hɪz fist deɪz ər ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 23 dɪˈsɛmbər 26 ənd ðə nɛkst ˈsənˌdi əv ðə nəˈtɪvəti əˈlɔŋ wɪθ kɪŋ ˈdeɪvɪd ənd seɪnt ˈʤoʊzəf ənd ˈʤænjuˌɛri 4 əˈməŋ ðə ˈsɛvənti əˈpɔsəlz. ɪn ðə ɪˈpɪskəpəl ʧərʧ əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əv əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ˈluθərən ʧərʧ, ʤeɪmz, ˈbrəðər əv ˈʤizəs ənd ˈmɑrtər ɪz kəˈmɛmərˌeɪtɪd ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 23 ðə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi ˈɛdət ɪn ðə noʊˈvɛmbər 2002 ˈɪʃu əv ˈbɪblɪkəl ˌɑrkiˈɑləʤi ˌrivˈju, andré*é ləˈmɛr əv ðə sɔrˈbɑn ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ˈpɛrɪs ˈpəblɪʃt ðə rɪˈpɔrt ðət ən ˈbɛrɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃən bɑr ˈjoʊsəf d'yeshua*" ("ʤeɪmz sən əv ˈʤoʊzəf ˈbrəðər əv ˈʤizəs") hæd bɪn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ ə kəˈlɛktər, ˈoʊdɛd ˈgoʊlən. ðə wɑz ɪgˈzɪbətəd æt ðə rɔɪəl ɑnˈtɛrioʊ mˈjuziəm ɪn tərˈɑntoʊ, ɑnˈtɛrioʊ, ˈkænədə, leɪt ðət jɪr; bət ɔn ʤun 18 2003 ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli ænˈtɪkwətiz əˈθɔrəti ˈpəblɪʃt ə rɪˈpɔrt kənˈkludɪŋ, beɪst ɔn ən æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə pəˈtinə, ðət ðə ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃən ɪz ə ˈmɑdərn ˈfɔrʤəri. spəˈsɪfɪkli, ɪt əˈpɪrd ðət ðə ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃən hæd bɪn ˈædɪd ˈrisəntli ənd meɪd tɪ lʊk oʊld baɪ əˈdɪʃən əv ə ʧɔk səˈluʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri ˈʧænəlz 2004 ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri ʤeɪmz, ˈbrəðər əv ˈʤizəs ʃoʊz ðə ɪgˌzæməˈneɪʃən əv ðə pəˈtinə baɪ ðə rɔɪəl ɑnˈtɛrioʊ mˈjuziəm, ˈjuzɪŋ ˌəltrəˈvaɪəlɪt laɪt, ənd ðeɪ kənˈkludɪd ðɛr wɑz "ˈnəθɪŋ səˈspɪʃəs" əˈbaʊt ðə ɪnˈgreɪvɪŋ, ənd ˈgoʊlən həz pʊt aʊt ə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ðə ˌɔθənˈtɪsɪti ɛz ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 29 2004 ˈgoʊlən wɑz ˌɪnˈdaɪtɪd ɪn ən ˌɪzˈreɪli kɔrt əˈlɔŋ wɪθ θri ˈəðər mɛn ˈrɑbərt dɔɪʧ, ən ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃənz ˈɛkspərt hu ˈtiʧɪz æt ˈhaɪfə ˌjunəˈvərsəti; kəˈlɛktər koʊən; ənd ænˈtɪkwətiz ˈdilər al-amaleh*. ðeɪ wər əˈkjuzd əv biɪŋ pɑrt əv ə ˈfɔrʤəri rɪŋ ðət hæd bɪn ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ fər mɔr ðən 20 jɪrz. ˈgoʊlən dɪˈnaɪd ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst ɪm. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌbibiˈsi, "wɪn ðə pəˈlis tʊk ˈoʊdɛd ˈgoʊlən ˈɪntu ˈkəstədi ənd sərʧt hɪz əˈpɑrtmənt ðeɪ dɪˈskəvərd ə ˈwərkˌʃɑp wɪθ ə reɪnʤ əv tulz, məˈtɪriəlz, ənd hæf ˈfɪnɪʃt 'ænˈtɪkwətiz'. ðɪs wɑz ˈɛvədəns fər ə frɔd əv ə skeɪl fɑr ˈgreɪtər ðən ðeɪ hæd ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɔn mɑrʧ 14 2012 ˈgoʊlən wɑz dɪˈklɛrd nɑt ˈgɪlti əv ɔl ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv ˈfɔrʤəri, ðoʊ wɪθ ðə ʤəʤ seɪɪŋ ðɪs əkˈwɪtəl "dɪz nɑt min ðət ðə ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃən ɔn ðə ɪz əˈθɛnɪk ər ðət ɪt wɑz ˈrɪtən jɪrz əˈgoʊ" ənd "ɪt wɑz nɑt ˈpruvən ɪn ˈɛni weɪ ðət ðə wərdz 'ðə ˈbrəðər əv ˈʤizəs' ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli rɪˈfər tɪ ðə 'ˈʤizəs' hu əˈpɪrz ɪn ˈkrɪsʧɪn si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət noʊts ˈɛdət ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ˈklɛmənt əv ˌæləgˈzændriə, ənd əv ˌkeɪsərˈiə əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ʤoʊˈsifəs
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important figure in early christianity
"james the just" redirects here. for the king of aragon, see james ii of aragon
james the just, or a variation of james, brother of the lord (hebrew: יעקב ya'akov; greek: ἰάκωβος iákōbos, can also be anglicized as jacob), was an early leader of the jerusalem church of the apostolic age, to which paul was also affiliated. he died in martyrdom in 62 or 69 ad.
catholics and eastern orthodox, as well as some anglicans and lutherans, teach that james, along with others named in the new testament as "brothers"[note 1] of jesus, were not the biological children of mary, but were possibly cousins of jesus[4] or step-brothers from a previous marriage of joseph (as related in the gospel of james)[5].[note 2]
roman catholic tradition generally holds that this james is to be identified with james, son of alphaeus, and james the less.[9] it is agreed by most that he should not be confused with james, son of zebedee.[1]
epithet [ edit ]
eusebius records that clement of alexandria related, "this james, whom the people of old called the just because of his outstanding virtue, was the first, as the record tells us, to be elected to the episcopal throne of the jerusalem church."[10][11][12] other epithets are "james the brother of the lord, surnamed the just,"[13] and "james the righteous."
he is sometimes referred to in eastern christianity as "james adelphotheos" (greek: ἰάκωβος ὁ ἀδελφόθεος), james the brother of god. the oldest surviving christian liturgy, the liturgy of st james, uses this epithet.[14]
leader of the jerusalem church [ edit ]
the jerusalem church [ edit ]
the jerusalem church was an early christian community located in jerusalem, of which james and peter were leaders. paul was affiliated with this community, and took his central kerygma, as described in 1 corinthians 15, from this community.
according to eusebius, the jerusalem church escaped to pella during the siege of jerusalem by the future emperor titus in 70 and afterwards returned, having a further series of jewish bishops until the bar kokhba revolt in 130. following the second destruction of jerusalem and the rebuilding of the city as aelia capitolina, subsequent bishops were greeks.[15]
leader [ edit ]
james the just, sixteenth century russian , sixteenth century russian icon
james the just was "from an early date with peter a leader of the church at jerusalem and from the time when peter left jerusalem after herod agrippa's attempt to kill him, james appears as the principal authority who presided at council of jerusalem."[16]
the pauline epistles and the later chapters of the acts of the apostles portray james as an important figure in the christian community of jerusalem. when paul arrives in jerusalem to deliver the money he raised for the faithful there, it is to james that he speaks, and it is james who insists that paul ritually cleanse himself at herod's temple to prove his faith and deny rumors of teaching rebellion against the torah (acts 21:18ff).[note 3]
paul describes james as being one of the persons to whom the risen christ showed himself,[note 4] and in galatians 2:9, paul lists james with cephas (better known as peter) and john the apostle as the three "pillars" of the church.[17]
paul describes these pillars as the ones who will minister to the "circumcised" (in general jews and jewish proselytes) in jerusalem, while paul and his fellows will minister to the "uncircumcised" (in general gentiles) (2:12),[18][note 5] after a debate in response to concerns of the christians of antioch. the antioch community was concerned over whether gentile christians need be circumcised to be saved, and sent paul and barnabas to confer with the jerusalem church. james played a prominent role in the formulation of the council's decision. james was the last named figure to speak, after peter, paul, and barnabas; he delivered what he called his "decision" (acts 15:13-21 nrsv) the original sense is closer to "opinion".[19] he supported them all in being against the requirement (peter had cited his earlier revelation from god regarding gentiles) and suggested prohibitions about eating blood as well as meat sacrificed to idols and fornication. this became the ruling of the council, agreed upon by all the apostles and elders and sent to the other churches by letter.
modern interpretation [ edit ]
the encyclopædia britannica relates that "james the lord's brother was a christian apostle, according to st. paul, although not one of the original twelve apostles."[1] according to schaff, james seems to have taken the place of james the son of zebedee, after his martyrdom, around 44 ad.[14]
modern historians of the early christian churches tend to place james in the tradition of jewish christianity; whereas paul emphasized faith over observance of mosaic law, james is thought to have espoused the opposite position.[clarification needed][note 6]
according to schaff, james was the local head of the oldest church and the leader of the most conservative portion of jewish christianity.[14] scholar james d. g. dunn has proposed that peter was the "bridge-man" (i.e. the pontifex maximus) between the two other "prominent leading figures": paul and james the just.[20]
sources [ edit ]
apart from a handful of references in the synoptic gospels, the main sources for the life of james the just are the pauline epistles, the acts of the apostles, and eusebius and jerome, who also quote the early christian chronicler hegesippus and epiphanius.[21] there is no mention of james in the gospel of john and the early portions of the acts of the apostles. the synoptics mention his name, but no further information.
in the extant lists of pseudo-hippolytus of rome,[22] dorotheus of tyre, the chronicon paschale, and dimitry of rostov, he is the first of the seventy apostles though some sources, such as the catholic encyclopedia,[23] state that "these lists are unfortunately worthless".
new testament [ edit ]
the new testament mentions several people named james. the pauline epistles, from about the sixth decade of the 1st century, have two passages mentioning a james. the acts of the apostles, written sometime between 60 and 150 ad,[24] also describes the period before the destruction of jerusalem in 70 ad. it has three mentions of a james. the gospels, with disputed datings ranging from about 50 to as late as 130 ad, describe the period of jesus' ministry, around 30-33 ad. it mentions at least two different people named james. the author of the epistle of jude notes that he is a brother of james in that epistle's opening paragraph.
pauline epistles [ edit ]
paul mentions meeting james "the lord's brother" (τὸν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ κυρίου) and later calls him one of the pillars (στύλοι) in the epistle to the galatians[25] galatians 1:18-2:10:
then after three years i went up to jerusalem to visit cephas and remained with him fifteen days. but i saw none of the other apostles except james the lord's brother. (in what i am writing to you, before god, i do not lie!) then i went into the regions of syria and cilicia. ...then after fourteen years i went up again to jerusalem with barnabas, taking titus along with me. ...yet because of false brothers secretly brought in—who slipped in to spy out our freedom that we have in christ jesus, so that they might bring us into slavery—to them we did not yield in submission even for a moment, so that the truth of the gospel might be preserved for you. and from those who seemed to be influential (what they were makes no difference to me; god shows no partiality)—those, i say, who seemed influential added nothing to me. on the contrary, when they saw that i had been entrusted with the gospel to the uncircumcised, just as peter had been entrusted with the gospel to the circumcised (for he who worked through peter for his apostolic ministry to the circumcised worked also through me for mine to the gentiles), and when james and cephas and john, who seemed to be pillars, perceived the grace that was given to me, they gave the right hand of fellowship to barnabas and me, that we should go to the gentiles and they to the circumcised. only, they asked us to remember the poor, the very thing i was eager to do.[26]
a "james" is mentioned in paul's first epistle to the corinthians, 1corinthians 15:7, as one to whom jesus appeared after his resurrection:
3 for i delivered unto you first of all that which also i received: that christ died for our sins according to the scriptures;
4 and that he was buried; and that he hath been raised on the third day according to the scriptures;
5 and that he appeared to cephas; then to the twelve;
6 then he appeared to above five hundred brethren at once, of whom the greater part remain until now, but some are fallen asleep;
7 then he appeared to james; then to all the apostles;
8 and last of all, as to the [child] untimely born, he appeared to me also.[27]
in the preceding verse, the same greek word "adelphos" (brother) is used, but not in a blood-relation sense:
then he appeared to more than five hundred brothers at one time, most of whom are still alive, though some have fallen asleep. (1corinthians 15:6)
acts of the apostles [ edit ]
there is a james mentioned in acts, which the catholic encyclopedia identifies with james, the brother of jesus: "but he [peter], beckoning unto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the lord had brought him out of the prison. and he said, go show these things unto james, and to the brethren. and he departed, and went into another place. (acts 12:17)
when peter, having miraculously escaped from prison, must flee jerusalem due to herod agrippa's persecution, he asks that james be informed (acts 12:17).
james is also an authority in the early church at the council of jerusalem (james is quoting amos 9:11–12):
and after they had held their peace, james answered, saying, men and brethren, hearken unto me: simeon hath declared how god at the first did visit the gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name. and to this agree the words of the prophets; as it is written, after this i will return, and will build again the tabernacle of david, which is fallen down; and i will build again the ruins thereof, and i will set it up: that the residue of men might seek after the lord, and all the gentiles, upon whom my name is called, saith the lord, who doeth all these things. known unto god are all his works from the beginning of the world. wherefore my sentence is, that we trouble not them, which from among the gentiles are turned to god: but that we write unto them, that they abstain from pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from things strangled, and from blood. for moses of old time hath in every city them that preach him, being read in the synagogues every sabbath day. (acts 15:13–21)
after this, there is only one more mention of james in acts, meeting with paul shortly before paul's arrest: "and when we were come to jerusalem, the brethren received us gladly. and the day following paul went in with us unto james; and all the elders were present. (acts 21:17–18)
gospels [ edit ]
the synoptic gospels, similarly to the epistle to the galatians, recognize a core group of three disciples (peter, john and james) having the same names as those given by paul. in the list of the disciples found in the gospels, two disciples whose names are james, the son of alphaeus and james, son of zebedee are mentioned in the list of the twelve disciples: (matthew 10:1–4)
the gospel of mark and the gospel of matthew also mention a james as jesus' brother: "is not this the carpenter, the son of mary, the brother of james, and joses, and of juda, and simon? and are not his sisters here with us? and they were offended at him.":[9] the gospel of john never mentions anyone called james, but mentions jesus' unnamed "brothers" as being present with mary when jesus attended the wedding at cana (john 2:12), and later that his brothers did not believe in him (john 7:5).
church fathers [ edit ]
fragment x of papias (writing in the second century) refers to "james the bishop and apostle".[28]
hegesippus (2nd century), in the fifth book of his commentaries, mentions that james was made a bishop of jerusalem but he does not mention by whom: "after the apostles, james the brother of the lord surnamed the just was made head of the church at jerusalem."[13]
hegesippus (c.110–c.180), wrote five books (now lost except for some quotations by eusebius) of commentaries on the acts of the church. in describing james's ascetic lifestyle, eusebius's ecclesiastical history (book ii, 23) quotes hegesippus' account of james from the fifth book of commentaries on the acts of the church:
james, the lord's brother, succeeds to the government of the church, in conjunction with the apostles. he has been universally called the just, from the days of the lord down to the present time. for many bore the name of james; but this one was holy from his mother's womb. he drank no wine or other intoxicating liquor, nor did he eat flesh; no razor came upon his head; he did not anoint himself with oil, nor make use of the bath. he alone was permitted to enter the holy place: for he did not wear any woollen garment, but fine linen only. he alone, i say, was wont to go into the temple: and he used to be found kneeling on his knees, begging forgiveness for the people-so that the skin of his knees became horny like that of a camel's, by reason of his constantly bending the knee in adoration to god, and begging forgiveness for the people.[29][30]
clement of alexandria (late 2nd century) wrote in the sixth book of his hypotyposes that james the just was chosen as a bishop of jerusalem by peter, james (the greater) and john:
"for they say that peter and james and john after the ascension of our saviour, as if also preferred by our lord, strove not after honor, but chose james the just bishop of jerusalem."[31][32][note 7]
clement, in the seventh book of the same work, relates also the following concerning him:
"the lord after his resurrection imparted knowledge (gnōsin) to james the just and to john and peter, and they imparted it to the rest of the apostles, and the rest of the apostles to the seventy, of whom barnabas was one."[35]
according to eusebius (3rd/4th century) james was named a bishop of jerusalem by the apostles: "james, the brother of the lord, to whom the episcopal seat at jerusalem had been entrusted by the apostles".[36] jerome wrote the same: "james... after our lord's passion... ordained by the apostles bishop of jerusalem..." and that james "ruled the church of jerusalem thirty years".[37]
epiphanius (4th century) , bishop of salamis, wrote in his work the panarion (ad 374-375) that "james, the brother of the lord died in virginity at the age of ninety-six".[38]
according to jerome (4th century), james, the lord’s brother, was an apostle, too; jerome quotes scriptures as a proof in his work "the perpetual virginity of blessed mary", writing the following:
notice, moreover, that the lord's brother is an apostle, since paul says «then after three years i went up to jerusalem to visit cephas, and tarried with him fifteen days. but other of the apostles saw i none, save james the lord's brother.» (galatians 1:18-19) and in the same epistle «and when they perceived the grace that was given unto me, james and cephas and john, who were reputed to be pillars,» (galatians 2:9)[39]:f.15
early christian apocrypha [ edit ]
some apocryphal gospels testify to the reverence jewish followers of jesus had for james. the gospel of the hebrews confirms the account of paul in 1 corinthians regarding the risen jesus' appearance to james.[37] jerome (5th century) quotes the non-canonical gospel of the hebrews:
'now the lord, after he had given his grave clothes to the servant of the priest, appeared to james, for james had sworn that he would not eat bread from that hour in which he had drunk the lord's cup until he should see him risen from the dead.' and a little further on the lord says, 'bring a table and bread.' and immediately it is added, 'he took bread and blessed and broke and gave it to james the just and said to him, "my brother, eat your bread, for the son of man is risen from the dead."' and so he ruled the church of jerusalem thirty years, that is, until the seventh year of nero.[31][note 8]
the non-canonical gospel of thomas confirms that jesus, after his resurrection, names james as a leader of his disciples:
the disciples said to jesus, 'we know that you will depart from us. who will be our leader?' jesus said to them, 'where you are, you are to go to james the just, for whose sake heaven and earth came into existence'.[42][43][44]
the gospel of thomas[note 9] confirms the account of paul in 1 corinthians regarding the risen jesus' appearance to james. the gospel of thomas relates that the disciples asked jesus, after his resurrection and before his ascension, "we are aware that you will depart from us. who will be our leader?" jesus said to them, "no matter where you come [from] it is to james the just that you shall go, for whose sake heaven and earth have come to exist."[45] epiphanius (panarion 29.4) describes james as a nazirite.[46]
the pseudepigraphical first apocalypse of james associated with james's name mentions many details, some of which may reflect early traditions: he is said to have authority over the twelve apostles and the early church; claims that james and jesus are not biological brothers; this work also adds, somewhat puzzlingly, that james left jerusalem and fled to pella, jordan before the roman siege of that city in 70. (ben witherington suggests what is meant by this was that james's bones were taken by the early christians who had fled from jerusalem).[citation needed]
the pseudepigraphical second apocalypse of james names james's father theudas rather than joseph, who is presented as the biological father of james by the mid 2nd century protevangelium of james.[47]
the apocryphon of james, the sole copy of which was found in the nag hammadi library and which may have been written in egypt in the 3rd century,[48] recounts a post-resurrection appearance of the risen christ to james and peter that james is said to have recorded in hebrew. in the dialogue, peter speaks twice (3:12; 9:1) but misunderstands jesus. only james is addressed by name (6:20), and james is the more dominant of the two.[citation needed]
the apocryphal gospel of philip seems to list a mary as a sister of jesus without specifying whether she is the daughter of mary and joseph or the daughter of joseph by a previous marriage.
the gospel of james (or "infancy gospel of james"), a work of the 2nd century, also presents itself as written by james a sign that his authorship would lend authority and so do several tractates in the codices found at nag hammadi.[citation needed]
in a 4th-century letter pseudographically ascribed to the 1st century clement of rome,[49] james was called the "bishop of bishops, who rules jerusalem, the holy church of the hebrews, and all the churches everywhere".[50]
relationship to jesus, mary and joseph [ edit ]
jesus' brothers james as well as jude, simon and joses are named in matthew 13:55 and mark 6:3 and mentioned elsewhere. james's name always appears first in lists, which suggests he was the eldest among them.[51] in jewish antiquities (20.9.1), josephus describes james as "the brother of jesus who is called christ."
interpretation of the phrase "brother of the lord" and similar phrases is divided between those who believe that mary had additional children after jesus and those (catholics, eastern orthodox, and some protestants, such as many anglicans and lutherans) who hold the perpetual virginity of mary. the only catholic doctrine which has been defined regarding the "brothers of the lord" is that they are not biological children of mary;[4] thus, catholics do not consider them as siblings of jesus.
near contemporary sources[which?] insist that james was a "perpetual virgin" from the womb, a term which according to robert eisenman was later converted to his mother, mary.[52]
some writers, such as r.v. tasker[53] and d. hill,[54] say the matthew 1:25 statement that joseph "knew her not until she had brought forth her firstborn son" to mean that joseph and mary did have normal marital relations after jesus' birth, and that james, joses, jude, and simon, were the natural sons of mary and joseph and, thus, full brothers of jesus. others, such as k. beyer, point out that greek ἕως οὗ (until) after a negative "often has no implication at all about what happened after the limit of the 'until' was reached".[55] raymond e. brown also argues that "the immediate context favors a lack of future implication here, for matthew is concerned only with stressing mary's virginity before the child's birth".[55]
younger half-brother, son of mary and joseph [ edit ]
the gospels of matthew and luke say that jesus was miraculously conceived and born of his mother mary while she was still a virgin (matthew 1:18–23, luke 1:30–37) and that mary and joseph "did not consummate their marriage until she gave birth" to jesus (matthew 1:25); and jesus is referred to as the "first-born son" of mary (luke 2:7). so james and the other "brothers" of jesus are considered by many to be jesus's younger half-brothers, born of mary and joseph. in addition, mary, joseph, and jesus's brothers or siblings are often described together, without reference to any other relatives (matthew 12:46–49, mark 3:31–34, 6:3, luke 8:19–21, john 2:12, acts 1:14), and jesus's brothers are described without allusion to others (john 7:2–5, 1 corinthians 9:5). for example, matthew 13:55–56 says, "isn't this the carpenter's son? isn't his mother's name mary, and aren't his brothers james, joseph, simon, and jude? aren't all his sisters with us?" and john 7:5 says, "even his own brothers did not believe in him."
helvidius ( c. 380) seems to be the first theologian to look back and say that mary had children other than jesus.[56] jerome asserts in his tract the perpetual virginity of blessed mary, as an answer to helvidius, that the term first-born was used to refer to any offspring that opened the womb, rather than definitely implying other children.[39] luke's reporting of the visit of mary, joseph, and jesus to the temple of jerusalem when jesus was 12 years old makes no reference to any of jesus' half-brothers.
the modern scholar robert eisenman, however, is of the belief that luke, as a close follower of pauline gentile christianity, sought to minimise the importance of jesus' family by whatever means possible, editing james and jesus' brothers out of the gospel record.[52] karl keating argues that mary and joseph rushed without hesitation straight back to jerusalem, when they realized jesus was lost, which they would surely have thought twice about doing if there were other children (jesus' siblings) to look after.[56]
older stepbrother, son of joseph by an earlier marriage [ edit ]
the protevangelium of james (a 2nd century apocryphal gospel also called the gospel of james or the infancy gospel of james), says that mary was betrothed to joseph and that he already had children. in this case, james was one of joseph's children from his previous marriage and, therefore, jesus' stepbrother.
the bishop of salamis, epiphanius, wrote too in his work the panarion (ad 374-375) that "...james (brother of jesus) was joseph's son by joseph's first wife, not by mary..."[57] he adds that joseph became the father of james and his three brothers (joses, simeon, judah) and two sisters (a salome and a mary[58] or a salome and an anna[59]) with james being the elder sibling. james and his siblings were not children of mary but were joseph's children from a previous marriage. after joseph's first wife died, many years later when he was eighty, "he took mary (mother of jesus)". according to epiphanius the scriptures call them "brothers of the lord" to confound their opponents.[60][61]
one argument supporting this view is that it would have been against jewish custom for jesus to give his mother to the care of john (who is not at all suspected to be a blood relative of jesus) if mary had other living sons. this is because the eldest son would take responsibility for his mother after the death of her husband; any other sons of mary should have taken on this responsibility if they existed, therefore arguing against a direct natural brother relationship.[56][62]
also, aramaic and hebrew tended to use circumlocutions to point out blood relationships; it is asserted that just calling some people "brothers of jesus" would not have necessarily implied the same mother.[63] rather, something like "sons of the mother of jesus" would have been used to indicate a common mother. scholars and theologians who assert this point out that jesus was called "the son of mary" rather than "a son of mary" in his hometown (mark 6:3).[9]
cousin, son of a sister of mary [ edit ]
james, along with the others named "brothers" of jesus, are said by others to have been jesus' cousins. this is justified by the fact that cousins were also called "brothers" and "sisters" in jesus' native language, aramaic, which, like biblical hebrew, does not contain a word for cousin.[64] furthermore, the greek words adelphos and adelphe were not restricted to the meaning of a literal brother or sister in the bible, nor were their plurals.[63]
eusebius of caesarea (c. 275 339) reports the tradition that james the just was the son of joseph's brother clopas and therefore was of the "brothers" (which he interprets as "cousin") of jesus described in the new testament.
this is echoed by jerome (c. 342 419) in de viris illustribus (on illustrious men) james is said to be the son of another mary, wife of clopas and the "sister" of mary, the mother of jesus in the following manner:
james, who is called the brother of the lord, surnamed the just, the son of joseph by another wife, as some think, but, as appears to me, the son of mary, sister of the mother of our lord of whom john makes mention in his book...[37]
jerome refers to the scene of the crucifixion in john 19:25, where three women named mary mary, the mother of jesus, mary of clopas, and mary magdalene are said to be witnesses. john also mentions the "sister" of the mother of jesus, often identified with mary of clopas due to grammar. mary "of clopas" is often interpreted as mary, "wife of clopas". mary of nazareth and mary of clopas also need not be literally sisters, in light of the usage of the said words in greek, hebrew and aramaic.[9]
mary of clopas is suggested to be the same as "mary, the mother of james the younger and joses", "mary the mother of james and joseph" and the "other mary" in jesus' crucifixion and post-resurrection accounts in the synoptic gospels. proponents of this identification argue that the writers of the synoptics would have called this mary, simply, "the mother of jesus" if she was indeed meant to be the mother of jesus, given the importance of her son's crucifixion and resurrection: they also note that the mother of james and joses is called "maria", whereas the mother of jesus is "mariam" or "marias" in greek. these proponents find it unlikely that mary would be referred to by her natural children other than jesus at such a significant time (james happens to be the brother of one joses, as spelled in mark, or joseph, as in matthew).[63][65]
jerome's opinion suggests an identification of james the just with the apostle james, son of alphaeus; clopas and alphaeus are thought to be different greek renderings of the same aramaic name khalphai.[63] despite this, some biblical scholars tend to distinguish them; this is also not roman catholic dogma, though a traditional teaching.
since this clopas is, according to eusebius, joseph of nazareth's brother (see above) and this mary is said to be mary of nazareth's sister, james could be related to jesus by blood and law.[9]
younger half-brother, son of mary and a second husband [ edit ]
a variant on this is presented by james tabor,[51] who argues that after the early and childless death of joseph, mary married clopas, whom he accepts as a younger brother of joseph, according to the levirate law. according to this view, clopas fathered james and the later siblings, but not jesus.
john dominic crossan suggested that james was probably jesus' older brother.[66]
identification with james, son of alpheus, and with james the less [ edit ]
a mary is also mentioned as the mother of james, the younger and of joseph in the gospel of mark:
some women were watching from a distance. among them were mary magdalene, mary the mother of james the younger and of joseph, and salome. (mark 15:40)
on the other hand, another mary is mentioned as the mother of a james and of a joseph in the gospel of matthew and in the gospel of mark:
when the sabbath was over, mary magdalene, mary the mother of james, and salome bought spices so that they might go to anoint jesus' body. (mark 16:1)
among them were mary magdalene, mary the mother of james and joseph, and the mother of zebedee's sons. (matthew 27:56).
roman catholic interpretation generally holds that james, the younger is the same james mentioned in mark 16:1 and matthew 27:56 and it is to be identified with james, the son of alphaeus and james, the brother of jesus.[9] according to the catholic encyclopedia, he is not, however, identified with james the great,[9] although this is disputed by some.[52]
possible identity with james, son of alphaeus [ edit ]
jerome believed that the "brothers" of the lord were jesus' cousins, thus amplifying the doctrine of perpetual virginity. jerome concluded that james "the brother of the lord", (galatians 1:19) is therefore james, son of alphaeus, one of the twelve apostles of jesus, and the son of mary cleophas.[9]
in two small but potentially important works of hippolytus, on the twelve apostles of christ and on the seventy apostles of christ, he relates the following:
and james the son of alphaeus, when preaching in jerusalem was stoned to death by the jews, and was buried there beside the temple.[67]
james, the brother of jesus, was also stoned to death by the jews.[68][69]
these two works of hippolytus are often neglected because the manuscripts were lost during most of the church age and then found in greece in the 19th century. as most scholars consider them spurious, they are often ascribed to pseudo-hippolytus. the two are included in an appendix to the works of hippolytus in the voluminous collection of early church fathers.[70]
according to the surviving fragments of the work exposition of the sayings of the lord of the apostolic father papias of hierapolis, who lived c. 70–163 ad, cleophas and alphaeus are the same person, and mary the wife of cleophas or alphaeus would be the mother of james the brother of jesus, and of simon and judas (thaddeus), and of one joseph.
(1) mary the mother of the lord; (2) mary the wife of cleophas or alphaeus, who was the mother of james the bishop and apostle, and of simon and thaddeus, and of one joseph; (3) mary salome, wife of zebedee, mother of john the evangelist and james; (4) mary magdalene. these four are found in the gospel...(fragment x)[28]
thus james, the brother of the lord would be the son of alphaeus, who is the husband of mary the wife of cleophas or mary the wife of alphaeus. the identification of james as the son of alpheus was perpetuated into the 13th century in the hagiography the golden legend of jacobus de varagine.[71][72]
possible identity with james the less [ edit ]
jerome also concluded that james "the brother of the lord" is the same as james the less. to explain this, jerome first tells that james the less must be identified with james, the son of alphaeus, and reports in his work the perpetual virginity of blessed mary the following:
do you intend the comparatively unknown james the less, who is called in scripture the son of mary, not however of mary the mother of our lord, to be an apostle, or not? if he is an apostle, he must be the son of alphæus and a believer in jesus
the only conclusion is that the mary, who is described as the mother of james the less was the wife of alphæus and sister of mary the lord's mother, the one who is called by john the evangelist "mary of clopas"[39]:f.15
after saying that james the less is the same as james, the son of mary of cleophas, wife of alphaeus and sister of mary the lord's mother, jerome describes in his work de viris illustribus that james "the brother of the lord" is the same as james, the son of alpaheus and mary of cleophas:
james, who is called the brother of the lord, surnamed the just, the son of joseph by another wife, as some think, but, as appears to me, the son of mary sister of the mother our lord mary of cleophas of whom john makes mention in his book (john 19:25)[37]
thus, jerome concludes that james, the son of alphaeus, james the less, and james, brother of the lord, are one and the same person.
other relationships [ edit ]
also, jesus and james could be related in some other way, not strictly "cousins", following the non-literal application of the term adelphos and the aramaic term for brother.[63] according to the apocryphal first apocalypse of james, james is not the earthly brother of jesus, but a spiritual brother[73] who according to the gnostics "received secret knowledge from jesus prior to the passion".[74]
death [ edit ]
according to josephus james was stoned to death by ananus ben ananus.[75]
clement of alexandria relates that "james was thrown from the pinnacle of the temple, and was beaten to death with a club".[68]
hegesippus cites that "the scribes and pharisees placed james upon the pinnacle of the temple, and threw down the just man, and they began to stone him, for he was not killed by the fall. and one of them, who was a fuller, took the club with which he beat out clothes and struck the just man on the head".[68]
menologion of basil ii, a manuscript dating from late tenth or early eleventh century. martyrdom of james the just in, a manuscript dating from late tenth or early eleventh century.
according to a passage found in existing manuscripts of josephus' antiquities of the jews, (xx.9) "the brother of jesus, who was called christ, whose name was james" met his death after the death of the procurator porcius festus but before lucceius albinus had assumed office (antiquities 20,9) which has been dated to 62.[76] the high priest hanan ben hanan (anani ananus in latin) took advantage of this lack of imperial oversight to assemble a sanhedrin (although the correct translation of the greek synhedrion kriton is "a council of judges"), who condemned james "on the charge of breaking the law", then had him executed by stoning.[75] josephus reports that hanan's act was widely viewed as little more than judicial murder and offended a number of "those who were considered the most fair-minded people in the city, and strict in their observance of the law", who went so far as to arrange a meeting with albinus as he entered the province in order to petition him successfully about the matter. in response, king agrippa ii replaced ananus with jesus son of damneus.[77]
the church father origen, who consulted the works of josephus in around 248, related an account of the death of james, an account which gave it as a cause of the roman siege of jerusalem, something not found in our current manuscripts of josephus.[78][79]
eusebius wrote that "the more sensible even of the jews were of the opinion that this (james' death) was the cause of the siege of jerusalem, which happened to them immediately after his martyrdom for no other reason than their daring act against him. josephus, at least, has not hesitated to testify this in his writings, where he says, «these things happened to the jews to avenge james the just, who was a brother of jesus, that is called the christ. for the jews slew him, although he was a most just man.»"[68]
eusebius, while quoting josephus' account, also records otherwise lost passages from hegesippus (see links below) and clement of alexandria (historia ecclesiae, 2.23). hegesippus' account varies somewhat from what josephus reports and may be an attempt to reconcile the various accounts by combining them. according to hegesippus, the scribes and pharisees came to james for help in putting down christian beliefs. the record says:
they came, therefore, in a body to james, and said: "we entreat thee, restrain the people: for they have gone astray in their opinions about jesus, as if he were the christ. we entreat thee to persuade all who have come hither for the day of the passover, concerning jesus. for we all listen to thy persuasion; since we, as well as all the people, bear thee testimony that thou art just, and showest partiality to none. do thou, therefore, persuade the people not to entertain erroneous opinions concerning jesus: for all the people, and we also, listen to thy persuasion. take thy stand, then, upon the summit of the temple, that from that elevated spot thou mayest be clearly seen, and thy words may be plainly audible to all the people. for, in order to attend the passover, all the tribes have congregated hither, and some of the gentiles also."[80][81][82] to the scribes' and pharisees' dismay, james boldly testified that "christ himself sitteth in heaven, at the right hand of the great power, and shall come on the clouds of heaven". the scribes and pharisees then said to themselves, "we have not done well in procuring this testimony to jesus. but let us go up and throw him down, that they may be afraid, and not believe him."
accordingly, the scribes and pharisees
... threw down the just man... [and] began to stone him: for he was not killed by the fall; but he turned, and kneeled down, and said: "i beseech thee, lord god our father, forgive them; for they know not what they do." and, while they were there, stoning him to death, one of the priests, the sons of rechab, the son of rechabim, to whom testimony is borne by jeremiah the prophet, began to cry aloud, saying: "cease, what do ye? the just man is praying for us." but one among them, one of the fullers, took the staff with which he was accustomed to wring out the garments he dyed, and hurled it at the head of the just man. and so he suffered martyrdom; and they buried him on the spot, and the pillar erected to his memory still remains, close by the temple. this man was a true witness to both jews and greeks that jesus is the christ. and shortly after vespasian besieged judaea, taking them captive. fragments from the acts of the church; concerning the martyrdom of james, the brother of the lord, from book 5.[80]
vespasian's siege and capture of jerusalem delayed the selection of simeon of jerusalem to succeed james.
according to philip schaff in 1904, this account by "hegesippus has been cited over and over again by historians as assigning the date of the martyrdom to 69," though he challenged the assumption that hegesippus gives anything to denote such a date.[83] josephus does not mention in his writings how james was buried.[84]
epistle of james [ edit ]
james is a principal author of the apostolic decree of acts 15. the epistle of james has been traditionally attributed to james the just since 253,[85][86] but, according to dan mccartney, it is now common for scholars to disagree on its authorship.[87]
feast day [ edit ]
in the roman catholic church, the feast day of philip the apostle, along with that of james the lesser (roman catholics identify him with james the just as the same person), was traditionally observed on 1 may, the anniversary of the church dedicated to them in rome (now called the church of the twelve apostles). then this combined feast transferred to may 3 in the current ordinary calendar.
in the eastern orthodox church, james is commemorated as "apostle james the just, brother of our lord", and as such, multiple days are assigned to his feasts. his feast days are on october 23, december 26 and the next sunday of the nativity along with king david and saint joseph and january 4 among the seventy apostles.
in the episcopal church of the united states of america and lutheran church, james, brother of jesus and martyr is commemorated on october 23.
the ossuary controversy [ edit ]
in the november 2002 issue of biblical archaeology review, andré lemaire of the sorbonne university in paris published the report that an ossuary bearing the inscription "ya'aqov bar yosef achui d'yeshua" ("james son of joseph brother of jesus") had been identified belonging to a collector, oded golan. the ossuary was exhibited at the royal ontario museum in toronto, ontario, canada, late that year; but on june 18, 2003, the israeli antiquities authority published a report concluding, based on an analysis of the patina, that the inscription is a modern forgery. specifically, it appeared that the inscription had been added recently and made to look old by addition of a chalk solution. however, the discovery channel's 2004 documentary james, brother of jesus shows the examination of the inscription's patina by the royal ontario museum, using longwave ultraviolet light, and they concluded there was "nothing suspicious" about the engraving, and golan has put out a 34-page document defending the authenticity as well.[88]
on december 29, 2004, golan was indicted in an israeli court along with three other men robert deutsch, an inscriptions expert who teaches at haifa university; collector shlomo cohen; and antiquities dealer faiz al-amaleh. they were accused of being part of a forgery ring that had been operating for more than 20 years. golan denied the charges against him. according to the bbc, "when the police took oded golan into custody and searched his apartment they discovered a workshop with a range of tools, materials, and half finished 'antiquities'. this was evidence for a fraud of a scale far greater than they had suspected."[89] however, on march 14, 2012, golan was declared not guilty of all charges of forgery, though with the judge saying this acquittal "does not mean that the inscription on the ossuary is authentic or that it was written 2,000 years ago" and "it was not proven in any way that the words 'the brother of jesus' necessarily refer to the 'jesus' who appears in christian writings."[90][91]
see also [ edit ]
notes [ edit ]
references [ edit ]
^ according to hegesippus, clement of alexandria, and eusebius of caesarea ^ according to josephus
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ðə bɪg əˈlɑtmənt ˈʧælənʤ ˈfɑloʊz ɪn ðə ˈfʊtˌstɛps əv ðə greɪt ˈbrɪtɪʃ beɪk ɔf tɪ traɪ ənd ˌɪnˈspaɪr brɪts tɪ bi mɔr ˌsɛlfsəˈfɪʃɪnt. aɪ ləv ˈbeɪkɪŋ, bət ɛz ə ˈləndən ˈrɛzɪdənt, ðə ˈoʊnli groʊɪŋ aɪ du ɪz ə fju təˈmɑtoʊz ənd ˈrənər binz ɔn ðə rʊf ˈtɛrəs. ʃʊr ðət laɪk mi, moʊst ˈpipəl laɪk ðə aɪˈdiə əv ən əˈlɑtmənt ˈpɪkɪŋ ˈvɛʤtəbəlz fər ˈdɪnər ənd ˈfilɪŋ ðət sɛns əv praɪd bɪˈkəz ju ˈæˌkʧuəli gru ðɛm ˈjɔrsɛlf. maɪ lɪv ɪn ˈnɔrfək ənd ðeɪ groʊ ˈvɛʤtəbəlz, meɪk ʤæm ənd beɪk brɛd ɪt ɔl teɪsts soʊ məʧ ˈnaɪsər ənd ˈrɪli kwaɪt ˈʤɛləs əv ðɛr aɪˈdɪlɪk weɪ əv laɪf. naʊ ðət ɔn ɪts weɪ gɪt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ənd meɪk ðə moʊst əv jʊr ˈgɑrdən. ɪf ju hæv ə ˈgɑrdən ðɛn juz ˈfəŋki tɪ ˈbraɪtən əp jʊr hoʊm. bət wɛr du ju stɑrt? ɪf ju noʊ ˈlɪtəl əˈbaʊt ˈgɑrdənɪŋ bət kin ər ˈfænsi ˈgɑrdənɪŋ wɪθ jʊr kɪdz, ðɛn rɛd ɔn. gɑt səm əv ðə bɛst fruts ənd ˈvɛʤtəbəlz ðət ər ˈizi fər ˈnɑvəs ˈgɑrdənərz ənd kɪdz tɪ groʊ. tɔp 5 ˈiziəst fruts ənd ˈvɛʤtəbəlz tɪ groʊ 1 ˈrənər binz skrɪmp ɔn ðə ˈwɔtər fər ðiz ənd rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ˈrənər binz ər ˈklaɪmərz soʊ ðeɪ nid ˈsəmˌwɛr tɪ goʊ ju kən treɪn ðɛm ˈɔntu waɪərz ər ə plænt səˈpɔrt freɪm. wəns ˈrɛdi ju du nid tɪ pɪk ðɛm ˈrɛgjələrli, bət ju ʃʊd bi ˈitɪŋ binz ɔl ˈsəmər lɔŋ. 2 piz ˈsupər ˈizi ənd ˈsupər ˈteɪsti plænt ðə pi sidz streɪt ˈɪntu ðə graʊnd ɪn spərɪŋ ənd bi ˈrɛdi baɪ ˈsəmər. ɔl ju nid tɪ du ɪz səˈpɔrt ðɛr stɛmz. ənd ðə bɛst θɪŋ əˈbaʊt piz? ðə mɔr ju pɪk ðɛm, ðə mɔr ðeɪ groʊ! 3 mɪnt ˈoʊˈkeɪ soʊ mɪnt ɪz ə ərb ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈvɛʤtəbəl, bət ˈizi tɪ groʊ ənd ɪkˈstrimli ˈjusfəl ɪf ˈhævɪŋ læm, ər mojitos*. ʤɪst bi ˈkɛrfəl ɪt teɪk ˈoʊvər jʊr ɪnˈtaɪər ˈgɑrdən! 4 ˈstrɔˌbɛriz ju nid ə ˈgɑrdən fər ˈstrɔˌbɛriz ju kən gɪt əˈbaʊt ˈstrɔˌbɛri plænts ɪn ə ˈhæŋɪŋ ˈbæskət. ju wɪl nid tɪ ˈwɔtər ðɛm mɔr ɪf ɪn pɑts ɛz ðeɪ luz ˈmɔɪsʧər. ˈʧɪldrən maɪt laɪk groʊɪŋ ðə sˈmɔlər ˈælˌpaɪn vərˈaɪəti ðət prəˈdusɪz frut əp ənˈtɪl ˈɔtəm. 5 təˈmɑtoʊz ˈivɪn aɪ kən groʊ təˈmɑtoʊz. soʊ kwɪk tɪ groʊ ˈpərˌfɪkt fər ˈʧɪldrən bɪˈkəz ðeɪ kən si ðə əv ðɛr labours’*’ ɪn ʤɪst ə fju wiks. ɪf ju ʧuz ə bʊʃ vərˈaɪəti əv təˈmɑˌtoʊ, ðɛn ɔl ju hæv tɪ du ɪz fid ənd ˈwɔtər ðɛm; ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ baɪ pləg təˈmɑˌtoʊ plænts ˈrəðər ðən sidz. ɪf kin tɪ groʊ jʊr oʊn ˈvɛʤtəbəlz, ðɛn nid ðə raɪt ˈgɑrdənɪŋ tulz ənd ɪkˈwɪpmənt. ˈgɑrdənɪŋ həz ˈnɛvər bɪn mɔr ˈstaɪlɪʃ ənd hir ər ɑr tɔp pɪks tɪ gɪt ju ˈdɪgɪŋ fər ˈvɪktəri.
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the big allotment challenge follows in the footsteps of the great british bake off to try and inspire brits to be more self-sufficient. i love baking, but as a london resident, the only growing i do is a few tomatoes and runner beans on the roof terrace.
i’m sure that like me, most people like the idea of an allotment – picking vegetables for dinner and feeling that sense of pride because you actually grew them yourself. my godparents live in norfolk and they grow vegetables, make jam and bake bread – it all tastes so much nicer and i’m really quite jealous of their idyllic way of life.
now that summer’s on its way get outside and make the most of your garden. if you don’t have a garden then use funky flowerpots to brighten up your home.
but where do you start? if you know little about gardening but you’re keen or fancy gardening with your kids, then read on. we’ve got some of the best fruits and vegetables that are easy for novice gardeners and kids to grow.
top 5 easiest fruits and vegetables to grow
1. runner beans
don’t scrimp on the water for these and remember that runner beans are climbers so they need somewhere to go – you can train them onto wires or a plant support frame. once they’re ready you do need to pick them regularly, but you should be eating beans all summer long.
2. peas
super easy and super tasty – plant the pea seeds straight into the ground in spring and they’ll be ready by summer. all you need to do is support their stems. and the best thing about peas? the more you pick them, the more they grow!
3. mint
ok so mint is a herb rather than a vegetable, but it’s easy to grow and extremely useful if you’re having lamb, pimm’s or mojitos. just be careful it doesn’t take over your entire garden!
4. strawberries
you don’t need a garden for strawberries – you can get about 3-5 strawberry plants in a hanging basket. you will need to water them more if they’re in pots as they lose moisture. children might like growing the smaller alpine variety that produces fruit up until autumn.
5. tomatoes
even i can grow tomatoes. they’re so quick to grow they’re perfect for children because they can see the ‘fruits of their labours’ in just a few weeks. if you choose a bush variety of tomato, then all you have to do is feed and water them; you can also buy plug tomato plants rather than seeds.
if you’re keen to grow your own vegetables, then you’ll need the right gardening tools and equipment. gardening has never been more stylish and here are our top picks to get you digging for victory.
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ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈzʊrɪk tɛlz ðə ˈstɔri əv ˈʤuliˌɛt, wən əv ðɛr ˈrɛzɪdənt quadrotors*, hu ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ hæv ən ədˈvɛnʧər ɔn ˈkrɪsməs iv. "ɛz ˌhɑrdˈwərkɪŋ ˈpiˌeɪʧˈdi ˈstudənts wɛnt hoʊm ɔn ə ˈkrɪsməs ˈivnɪŋ, ˈʤuliˌɛt, ə ˈlɪtəl quadrocopter*, faʊnd hərˈsɛlf əˈweɪk ənd əˈneɪbəl tɪ slip. pərˈhæps ɪt wɑz hər ˈneɪbərz, ˈkɪˌloʊ ənd ˈlimə, sˈnɔrɪŋ tu ˈlaʊdli. soʊ ʃi gɑt əp ənd ˈstɑrtɪd ˈlʊkɪŋ əraʊnd, kˈwɪkli dɪˈskəvərɪŋ ə smɔl ˈprɪti ˈkrɪsməs tri lɪt əp ɪn ðə ˈɔfəs. ðə tri wɑz bɪˈhaɪnd ə glæs ˈwɪndoʊ, soʊ ʃi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ bɪld hər oʊn tri aʊt əv foʊm brɪks lɛft ˈoʊvər frəm əˈnəðər ˈprɑʤɛkt. ʃi ˈivɪn faʊnd səm ˈkændəlz ənd laɪts... ənd ˈivɪn səm ˈmæʧɪz!" θri θɪŋz: aɪ ləv ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ ˈsɪstəm. aɪ ˈrɪli ləv ðə ˈpɪŋˌpɔŋ bɔl aɪz! aɪ heɪt tɪ hæv tɪ æsk ðɪs əˈgɛn, bət ər wi ʃʊr ðət wi ʃʊd bi ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈroʊˌbəts ˈækˌsɛs tɪ faɪər? ˈzʊrɪk
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eth zurich tells theory of juliet, one of their resident quadrotors, who decided to have an adventure on christmas eve.
"as hard-working phdudents went home on a christmas evening, juliet, a little quadrocopter, found herself awake and unable to sleep. perhaps it was her neighbors, kilo and lima, snoring too loudly. so she got up andarted looking around, quickly discovering a small pretty christmas tree lit up in the office. the tree was behind a glass window, so she decided to build her own tree -- out of foam bricks left over from another project. she even found some candles and lights... and even some matches!"
three things:
i love the charging system.
i really love the ping-pong ball eyes!
i hate to have to ask this again, but are we sure that we should be giving robots access to fire?
[ eth zurich fma ]
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f* ˈɛtiɛn bɔs krɪˈstɔf ɪz ɔn ðə tɪ bɪˈkəm ðə nu ˈmænɪʤər əv ˈkrɪstəl ˈpæləs. ðə ˈigəlz hæv bɪn wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈmænɪʤər sɪns sæm lɛft ðə kləb 48 aʊərz ˈæftər ðə ˈfaɪnəl deɪ əv ðə ˈsizən ˈhævɪŋ ˈgaɪdɪd ˈpæləs tɪ prɛˈmɪr lig ˈseɪfti ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz ʃɑk dɪˈpɑrʧər. ɪz sɛd tɪ bi ə frɛnd əv ˈfɔrmər ˈmænˌʧɛstər juˈnaɪtɪd ˈfɔrwərd ˈɛrɪk ənd əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ɪz wən əv ðə neɪmz biɪŋ kənˈsɪdərd baɪ ðə kləb ɛz ðeɪ traɪ ənd fɪl ðə ˈveɪkənt pəˈzɪʃən baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðə wik. fræŋk də bɔr ənd ʃɔn daɪʧ ər əˈməŋ ðə ˈəðər ˈkænədɪts ɪn ðə ˈrənɪŋ tɪ teɪk ˈoʊvər æt pɑrk, bət həz ˈimərʤd ɛz əˈnəðər kənˈtɛndər ˈæftər ˈlivɪŋ ˈɛtiɛn læst mənθ. ðə frɛnʧ ˈmænɪʤər ˈgaɪdɪd ˈɛtiɛn tɪ θri kənˈsɛkjətɪv ˈfɪnɪʃɪz ənd wən ðə kup də lɑ ɪn 2013 hɪz saɪd ˈɔlsoʊ riʧt ðə əv ðə jʊˈroʊpə lig, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgɪtɪŋ nɑkt aʊt æt ðə hænz əv əˈvɛnʧuəl ˈwɪnərz ˈmænˌʧɛstər juˈnaɪtɪd. seɪ ˈkrɪstəl ˈpæləs hæv ˈteɪkən stɛps tɪ faɪnd aʊt ɪf ənd, hu nu iʧ ˈəðər wɛl wɪn ˈjəŋgər, ər frɛndz. spɔrt ˈwɪtnəs (@sport_witness*) ʤun 12 2017 ɪz rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ə muv tɪ ðə prɛˈmɪr lig, ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi ɪz nɑt tɔp əv ˈpæləsɪz lɪst əv ˈtɑrgəts tɪ lænd ðə ʤɑb. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈləndən rɪˈpɔrt ðət ˈfrɛndʃɪp wɪθ meɪ pruv tɪ bi ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk wɪθ ðə ˈigəlz ˈhaɪˌrɑrki. wɑz bænd frəm ˈfʊtˌbɔl fər naɪn mənθs ˈæftər hɪz ˈɪnfəməs kəŋ fu kɪk æt ə ˈkrɪstəl ˈpæləs fæn ɪn 1995 ənd wɑz ˌənəˌpɑləˈʤɛtɪk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɪnsədənt ˈæftərwərdz. ðə rɪˈzəltɪŋ bæd bləd bɪtˈwin ðə tu sɛts əv səˈpɔrtərz bɔɪld ˈoʊvər ˈɪntu ˈvaɪələns æt ðə kəp θri mənθs ˈleɪtər æt ˈvɪlə pɑrk, ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ ˈigəlz səˈpɔrtər pɔl ˈnɪksən wɑz kɪld ənd ˈmɛni ˈpæləs fænz stɪl hoʊld riˈspɑnsəbəl. wɪʧ əv ðiz ˈnuli prəˈmoʊtəd saɪdz wɪl hæv ðə bɛst ˈsizən ɪn ðə epl*? ˈbraɪtən hoʊv ˈælbiən taʊn ˈnuˌkæsəl juˈnaɪtɪd ɪt ˈdəzənt ˈrɪli ˈmætər ɛz ðɛl ɔl goʊ streɪt bæk daʊn əˈgɛn!
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f ormer st etienne boss christophe galtier is on the shortlist to become the new manager of crystal palace.
the eagles have been without a manager since sam allardyce left the club 48 hours after the final day of the season - having guided palace to premier league safety before his shock departure.
galtier is said to be a friend of former manchester united forward eric cantona and according to espn , is one of the names being considered by the club as they try and fill the vacant position by the end of the week.
frank de boer and sean dyche are among the other candidates in the running to take over at selhurst park, but galtier has emerged as another contender after leaving st etienne last month.
the french manager guided st etienne to three consecutive top-five finishes and won the coupe de la ligue in 2013. his side also reached the last-32 of the europa league, before getting knocked out at the hands of eventual winners manchester united.
l'equipe say crystal palace have taken steps to find out if galtier and cantona, who knew each other well when younger, are friends. — sport witness (@sport_witness) june 12, 2017
galtier is reportedly interested in a move to the premier league, although he is not top of palace's list of targets to land the job.
however, football london report that galtier's friendship with cantona may prove to be problematic with the eagles hierarchy. cantona was banned from football for nine months after his infamous kung fu kick at a crystal palace fan in 1995 and was unapologetic about the incident afterwards.
the resulting bad blood between the two sets of supporters boiled over into violence at the fa cup semi-final three months later at villa park, during which eagles supporter paul nixon was killed and many palace fans still hold cantona responsible.
which of these newly promoted sides will have the best season in the epl? brighton & hove albion huddersfield town newcastle united it doesn't really matter as they'll all go straight back down again!
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ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈmɛrələnd ˈsɛnɪt dɪˈleɪd ənˈtɪl ˈθərzˌdeɪ ə voʊt ɔn ˈwɛðər tɪ ˈoʊvərˌraɪd gəv. ˈlɛri ˈhoʊˌgɑnz ˈviˌtoʊz, ðə haʊs əv ˈdɛləˌgeɪts stɪl plænz tɪ pʊʃ ˈfɔrwərd ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ɛz ˈskɛʤʊld. ðə haʊs wɪl əˈtɛmpt tɪ ˈoʊvərˌraɪd ˈviˌtoʊz əv ˈmɛʒərz ðət wʊd ˌriɪnˈsteɪt ˈfɛlənz' ˈvoʊtɪŋ raɪts ˈərliər, ʧeɪnʤ haʊ ˈsərtən hoʊˈtɛl ˈtæksɪz ər kəˈlɛktəd ənd sɛnd 2 ˈmɪljən tɪ ən əˈnæpəlɪs ɑrts ˈsɛnər. mɔr sɪmˈbɑlɪkəli, ðə ˈviˌtoʊ ˈoʊvərˌraɪd ˈɛfərt ɪz ðə fərst səbˈstænʃəl ˈækʃən ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ˈsɛʃən. ðə dəˈbeɪt kʊd sɛt ə ˈræŋkərəs toʊn fər rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðə ˈlɔˌmeɪkɪŋ ˈsizən. haʊs ˈspikər ˈmaɪkəl i. ˈbʊʃɪz ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən, ˌælɪgˈzændrə juz, wʊd nɑt ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ˈwɛðər ðə ˈʧeɪmbər hæd ðə ˈrɛkwəzət 85 voʊts tɪ rɪˈvərs ðə ˈgəvərnərz ˈækʃənz. bət ʃi sɛd ðə ˈspikər ˈdəzənt ˈnɔrməli brɪŋ θɪŋz tɪ ðə flɔr ənˈlɛs hi həz ðə voʊts tɪ pæs ɪt. tu əv ðə sɪks bɪlz ˈmɛrələndz rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈgəvərnər ˈviˌtoʊd læst jɪr bɪˈgæn ɪn ðə haʊs, ɛz dɪd ðə ˈmɛʒər tɪ fənd ðə ˈmɛrələnd hɔl fər ðə kriˈeɪtɪv ɑrts ɪn əˈnæpəlɪs. fɔr ˈəðərz bɪˈgæn ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt: əˈnəðər ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈfɛlən ˈvoʊtɪŋ raɪts lɔ ənd hoʊˈtɛl tæks kəˈlɛkʃən lɔ, pləs ə bɪl ðət pʊts nu ˈlɪmɪts ɔn ˈsizɪŋ ˈæˌsɛts ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈkrɪmənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ənd əˈnəðər ðət wʊd meɪk pəˈzɛsɪŋ ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ˌpɛrəfəˈneɪljə ə ˈsɪvəl əˈfɛns, nɑt ə kraɪm. iʧ ˈʧeɪmbər wʊd nid tɪ ˈoʊvərˌraɪd ðə ˈviˌtoʊz baɪ ə məˈʤɔrəti, wɪʧ ˈtrænsˌleɪts tɪ 85 voʊts ɪn ðə haʊs ənd 29 ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt. ˈsɛnɪt ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈtɑməs vi. maɪk ˈmɪlər toʊld ˈsɛnətərz ˈtuzˌdeɪ ðət ðə voʊt ɔn ˈviˌtoʊ ˈoʊvərˌraɪdz wʊd bi poʊstˈpoʊnd ənˈtɪl ˈθərzˌdeɪ bɪˈkəz səm ˈmɛmbərz hæv ˈmɛdɪkəl əˈpɔɪntmənts ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ. ˈmɪlər sɛd hi ˌɪnˈtɛndz tɪ voʊt fər ɔl əv ðə ˈoʊvərˌraɪdz ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ kəm əp ɪn ðət ˈʧeɪmbər. ˈstɪrɪŋ klɪr əv dɪˈrɛkt ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm əv ˈhoʊˌgɑn, hum ˈmɪlər kənˈsɪdərz ə ˈpərsɪnəl frɛnd ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl əˈpoʊnənt, ˈmɪlər ʧɑrʤd ðət ðə stæf wɑz ˈsprɛdɪŋ ˌmɪsɪnfərˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈviˌtoʊd ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən. ðə ˈænjuəl ˈsɛʃən əv ðə ˈmɛrələnd ˈʤɛnərəl əˈsɛmbli bɪˈgɪnz ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ʤæn. 13 hir ər ə fju ˈəðər ki deɪts fər ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər. ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈprɛzɪdənt vaʊd tɪ prɛs ˈfɔrwərd wɪθ ə bɪl bækt baɪ ˈmɛriət ˈkɔrpərˈeɪʃən. ðət ʧeɪnʤd ðə weɪ hoʊˈtɛl steɪz ər tækst wɪn bʊkt θru ə ˈkəmpəˌni səʧ ɛz ɛkˈspidiə ər travelocity*. ˈhoʊˌgɑn ˈviˌtoʊd ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən, seɪɪŋ ðə ˈmætər wɑz ˈəndər ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən ənd ðə steɪt ʃʊd weɪt fər ðə kɔrts. ˈmɪlər sɛd hi səˈpɔrts ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən haɪərd guns”*” brɔt ɪn tɪ ˈlɑbi əˈgɛnst ðə ˈoʊvərˌraɪd ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ tu əv hɪz ˈfɔrmər ʧifs əv stæf. waɪl hi prɪˈdɪktɪd ðət ˈviˌtoʊ wʊd bi ˈoʊvərˈrɪdən, hi sɛd əˈnəðər ˈmɛʒər əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈfɛlənz tɪ voʊt wəns bɪn riˈlist frəm ˌɪnˌkɑrsərˈeɪʃən ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈhævɪŋ tɪ weɪt fər ðɛr pəroʊl ər proʊˈbeɪʃən tɪ ɪkˈspaɪr ɪz ɪn mɔr daʊt. tu ˈvərʒənz əv ðət ˈmɛʒər klɪrd ðə ˈsɛnɪt, wəns baɪ 32 voʊts ənd wəns baɪ 29 sɪns ðɛn, wən ˈlɔˌmeɪkər hu ˈvoʊtɪd fər boʊθ ˈvərʒənz rɪˈtaɪrd ənd hər sit rɪˈmeɪnz ˈveɪkənt. poʊl well,”*,” ˈmɪlər sɛd. bət ˈmɪlər dɪˈfɛndɪd ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən, seɪɪŋ ˈfɔrmər ˈfɛlənz hæd sərvd ðɛr taɪm. ðeɪ ˈsɪtɪzənz ər ər ðeɪ not?”*?” hi sɛd. əˈbaʊt ˈjumən biɪŋz ˈkəmɪŋ bæk ˈɪntu society.”*.”
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although the maryland senate delayed until thursday a vote on whether to override gov. larry hogan's vetoes, the house of delegates still plans to push forward on wednesday as scheduled.
the house will attempt to override vetoes of measures that would reinstate felons' voting rights earlier, change how certain hotel taxes are collected and send $2 million to an annapolis arts center.
more symbolically, the veto override effort is the first substantial action and political confrontation in the recently-convened legislative session. the debate could set a rancorous tone for remainder of the lawmaking season.
house speaker michael e. busch's spokeswoman, alexandra hughes, would not comment on whether the chamber had the requisite 85 votes to reverse the governor's actions. but she said the speaker doesn't normally bring things to the floor unless he has the votes to pass it.
two of the six bills maryland's republican governor vetoed last year began in the house, as did the measure to fund the maryland hall for the creative arts in annapolis. four others began in the senate: another version of the felon voting rights law and hotel tax collection law, plus a bill that puts new limits on seizing assets during criminal investigations and another that would make possessing marijuana paraphernalia a civil offense, not a crime.
each chamber would need to override the vetoes by a three-fifths majority, which translates to 85 votes in the house and 29 in the senate.
senate president thomas v. mike miller told senators tuesday that the vote on veto overrides would be postponed until thursday because some members have medical appointments wednesday.
miller said he intends to vote for all of the overrides scheduled to come up in that chamber.
steering clear of direct criticism of hogan, whom miller considers a personal friend and political opponent, miller charged that the governor’s staff was spreading misinformation about the vetoed legislation.
the annual 90-day session of the maryland general assembly begins wednesday, jan. 13. here are a few other key dates for the legislature.
the senate president vowed to press forward with a bill backed by marriott corp. that changed the way hotel stays are taxed when booked through a third-party company such as expedia or travelocity. hogan vetoed the legislation, saying the matter was under litigation and the state should wait for the courts.
miller said he supports the legislation “despite hired guns” brought in to lobby against the override including two of his former chiefs of staff.
while he predicted that veto would be overridden, he said another measure allowing felons to vote once they’ve been released from incarceration instead of having to wait for their parole or probation to expire is in more doubt.
two versions of that measure cleared the senate, once by 32 votes and once by 29. since then, one lawmaker who voted for both versions retired and her seat remains vacant.
“it doesn’t poll well,” miller said.
but miller defended the legislation, saying former felons had served their time.
“are they citizens or are they not?” he said. “it’s about human beings coming back into society.”
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ðə ˈmidiə ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈrənɪŋ ə fɔls ˈnɛrətɪv əˈbaʊt ənd ðə ˈrisənt ərˈɛst əv ˈblɔgər ˈiθən rælf frəm theralphretort.com*. ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðət ˈiθən rælf wɑz ðə ˈlidər əv ənd ðət ɪt wɑz ɔl əˈbaʊt hərˈæsɪŋ ˈwɪmən. ðə truθ əv ðə ˈmætər ɪz ðət ɪz ə ˈlidərləs ˈmuvmənt. ðə ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə ˈɑrtɪkəl, ɪn ɔl ɪts baɪəst ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz, stɪl əˈtrɪˌbjut ðə kənˈsumər rɪˈvoʊlt əˈgɛnst əˈnɛθɪkəl ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm ɛz ə ˈlidərləs movement…*… ðə ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz əˈgɛnst kwɪn, prəˈpoʊnənts əv bɪˈgæn tɪ juz ðə ““kotakuinaction”*” ənd bɔrdz ɔn tɪ dɪˈskəs ənd ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz. bɪˈkəz əv ɪts əˈnɑnəməs ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp, læk əv ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ənd ˈlidərləs ˈneɪʧər, ˈsɔrsəz ˈdɪfər ɛz tɪ ðə goʊlz ər ˈmɪʃən əv ənd, wɪθ noʊ ˈpərsən ər grup ˈeɪbəl tɪ spik fər, dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ɪt həz bɪn difficult.”*.” ðə dɪˈskrɪptɪv blɑk wɑz ˈivɪn pʊld frəm ˈʤɛsi pis ðət wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt ɔn ɑkˈtoʊbər 20th*, 2014 ɔn nu jɔrk ˈmægəˌzin, wɛr ðə ˈraɪtər dɪˈspaɪt biɪŋ əˈgɛnst stɪl ədˈmɪts ðət ə ˈlidərləs ˈmuvmənt. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈəðər ˈnoʊtəbəl ˈaʊˌtlɛts hæv ˈɔlsoʊ riˈɪtərˌeɪtɪd ðə seɪm θɪŋ; ðət ðə ˈmuvmənt ɪz ˈlidərləs. ˈɛrɪk keɪn, ə kənˈtrɪbjətər tɪ fɔrbz, roʊt ɔn ˈɔgəst 21st*, bɪˈkəz ɪz ən əˈmɔrfəs, ˈlidərləs ˈmuvmənt ɛz kənˈsərnd wɪθ ɛz ɪt ɪz wɪθ ˈɛθɪks, ðɛr həz ˈnɛvər bɪn ə ˈprɑpər dɪˈsɪʒən ɛz tɪ wət ɪgˈzæktli ɪts ˈgrivənsɪz ər, wət prɪˈsaɪsli ɪts ˈɛθɪks kəmˈpleɪnts meɪ bi. ðə tu saɪdz əv ðə əˈʤɛndə ənd ˈɛθɪks ɪn geɪm soʊ fæst wi kən ˈnɛvər kwaɪt tɛl wət seeing.”*.” soʊ ðɛn haʊ dɪz ə ˈgræsˈruts ˈmuvmənt goʊ frəm biɪŋ ˈʤɛnərəli ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd baɪ ˈmeɪnˌstrim ənd ɛnˈθuziˌæst prɛs ɛz biɪŋ ə ˈlidərləs ˈmuvmənt tɪ ˈhævɪŋ ˈiθən rælf ɛz ðə ˈlidər? ɪn ðɪs keɪs, ˈiθən rælf, frəm ðə rælf ˈriˌtɔrt, wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ɔn ˈməltəpəl ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv əˈsɔlt ənd dɪˈsɔrdərli ˈkɑndəkt ˈæftər hi wɑz faʊnd drəŋk ɪn ðə ˈlɑbi əv ə hoʊˈtɛl. ˈkərəntli biɪŋ hɛld wɪˈθaʊt beɪl. briˈænə wu dɪd ən ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔn ðə ˈdeɪli dɑt wɪθ ə ˈhɛˌdlaɪn ˈtaɪtəld ˈlidər ərˈɛstɪd ɔn 2 ˈfɛləni kaʊnts əv əˈsɔltɪŋ ə pəˈlis officer”*”. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wu ˈwaɪzli əˈvɔɪdz ðə dɪˈrɛkt əˈsərʃən wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl ˌɪtˈsɛlf ðət rælf wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ðə ˈlidər əv ðə kənˈsumər rɪˈvoʊlt, bət ˌɪnˈstɛd raɪts ðət hi wɑz əv moʊst noʊˈtɔriəs harassers”*”. ˈdeɪvɪd ˈfərgəsən frəm rɑ ˈstɔri pɪkt əp ðə nuz frəm ðə ˈdeɪli dɑt, riˈɪtərˌeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪn frəm ˈɑrtɪkəl bət ˈɔlsoʊ əˈvɔɪdz dɪˈrɛkli ˌɪnˈfərɪŋ ðət rælf wɑz ðə ˈlidər ɪn ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl ˌɪtˈsɛlf, writing…*… noʊˈtɔriəs troʊl frəm vərˈʤɪnjə hu pleɪd ə ˈmeɪʤər roʊl ɪn ðə hərˈæsmənt əv ˈwɪmən ɪn ðə ˈvɪdioʊ geɪm ˈɪndəstri wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ɪn leɪt ˈɔgəst ˈæftər hi pæst aʊt ɪn ə hoʊˈtɛl ˈlɑbi, ðɛn əˈsɔltɪd ə ˈdɛpjəti wɪn hi keɪm to.”*.” bɛn ˈgɪlbərt, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈmɛmbər əv ðə geɪm proʊz, roʊt ən ˈɑrtɪkəl fər ˈbɪznɪs ˌɪnˈsaɪdər wɪθ ðə ˈhɛˌdlaɪn ˈprɑmənənt ˈlidər əv wɑz ʤɪst ərˈɛstɪd ɔn ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv əˈsɔltɪŋ ə pəˈlis officer”*”. ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl ˌɪtˈsɛlf əˈvɔɪdz ˈkɔlɪŋ rælf ə ““leader”*”, bət ˌɪnˈstɛd states…*… əv moʊst ˈprɑmənənt ˈvɔɪsɪz, ˈiθən rælf, wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ˈrisəntli ɔn tu kaʊnts əv əˈsɔlt ɔn lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ənd kaʊnt əv əbˈstrəkʃən əv justice.”*.” ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ rɪˈpit wət wɑz ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn boʊθ ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔn ðə ˈdeɪli dɑt ənd ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔn rɑ ˈstɔri. nən əv ðɛm ˈmɛnʃən ðət ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ə ˈlidərləs ˈmuvmənt. mɔr ɪz ðət ˈivɪn rælf hɪmˈsɛlf həz kleɪmd ˈdɪstəns frəm ðə ˈhæʃˌtæg, fɑr riˈmuvɪŋ ˈɛni pəˈzɪʃən əv ˈlidərˌʃɪp wɪˈθɪn ðə kənˈsumər rɪˈvoʊlt. ɔn mɑrʧ 24th*, 2015 rælf roʊt ɔn hɪz blog…*… noʊ ˈsikrɪt ðət aɪ hæv hit wɪθ səm ˈpipəl ˈoʊvər ɔn. ðə ˈpərsən hu rənz /vi/ ɪz ə ˈʃɪˌthɛd hu pʊt maɪ lɪŋks ɔn ˈɑrˌkaɪv, ənd wi ɔl noʊ əˈbaʊt ðə stuff.”*.” ðə poʊst rɪˈfərz tɪ ðə bɔrdz ənd ðə ˈdrɑmə hæd wɪθ ðə ˈpipəl ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. ɪn fækt, ðə brænʧ əv ən wɛr ˈpipəl kən poʊst əˈnɑnəməsli ˌæbsəˈlutli dɪˈtɛst ˈiθən rælf. ɪn fækt, ðeɪ dɪˈspaɪz ɪm soʊ məʧ ðət ju ˈivɪn taɪp aʊt ðə neɪm əv hɪz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ɔn ðə bɔrdz; ðə neɪm ɪz ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ʧeɪnʤd tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈpipəl frəm ˈlɪŋkɪŋ tɪ ər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈɑrtɪkəlz. rælf dɪd ə poʊst əˈbaʊt hɪz saɪt biɪŋ ɔn, prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ɪm frəm rɪˈsivɪŋ hɪts ər vjuz frəm ˈɛniˌwən hu əˈtɛmpts tɪ lɪŋk tɪ hɪz ˈkɑntɛnt ɔn ðə bɔrd, ˈraɪtɪŋ ɪn ə poʊst ɔn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 19th*, owner”*” əv /vi/ həz bɪn ˈtrɪgərd baɪ səm əv ðə səkˈsɛs əˈʧivd hir. soʊ, hi tʊk ɪt əˈpɑn hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ɔl maɪ lɪŋks wʊd naʊ hæv tɪ bi. əˈpɛrəntli ðɪs ɪz səˈpoʊzd tɪ hərt ðə saɪt? nɑt sure.”*.” ˈkɑntɛnt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ bɑrd frəm biɪŋ ʃɛrd ɔn ðə ˈəðər həb, ɪn ˈækʃən, ə ˈpɑpjələr bɔrd ɔn, ənˈlɛs ðə ˈkɑntɛnt ɪz. ðɛr wər ˈvɛriəs dəˈbeɪts ənd dɪˈskəʃənz əˈbaʊt rælf ənd hɪz ˈkɑntɛnt ɔn ɪn ˈækʃən, wɪʧ ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli lɛd tɪ ə kənˈsɛnsəs tɪ ˈɑrˌkaɪv ˈɛni ˈkɑntɛnt frəm hɪz saɪt tɪ əˈvɔɪd ɪm ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɛni hɪts ər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈɛni æd ˈrɛvəˌnu frəm hɪz ˈkɑntɛnt, wɪθ ˈjuzər writing…*… dɪˈfɛndɪd [rælf] fər ə waɪl, bət ˈæftər ðə ˈətər ˈdænsɪŋ ɔn greɪv ʃɪt ðeɪ pʊld traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt æt (ˈɛdɪtɪd fər ˈækjərəsi) cultofvivian*, aɪ θɪŋk taɪm wi fɔrs ˈɑrˌkaɪv ɔn ɪt too.”*.” ðɪs wɑz ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ rælf ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ ˈɑrtɪkəlz əˈtækɪŋ ˈvɛriəs ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz hu wər əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən hu ˈpriviəsli səˈpɔrtɪd ðə ˈhæʃˌtæg bət hæd kəˈmɪtɪd ˈsuɪˌsaɪd (wɪʧ ɪz wət ðə kwoʊt əˈbəv ɪz rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ). ðɛr wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ən əˈspɛʃəli ˌvɪtriˈɑlɪk pis ɔn ˈæktɪvɪst ənd ˈraɪtər liˈɑnə ˈkərznər ə ˌsɪmpəˈθɛtɪk bət ˈmoʊstli ˈnutrəl əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt tɪ ðət kɔzd ˈmɛni hu juz ðə ˈhæʃˌtæg tɪ kəmˈplitli ˌdɪsəˈsoʊʃieɪt frəm ˈiθən rælf ənd ðə rælf ˈriˌtɔrt. ðə rælf ˈriˌtɔrt ræn ə θɪŋ wɛr ðət wɑz ən əˈsərʃən. ɪt wɑz ˈleɪbəld "ˈpɛrədi" bət ˈpipəl rɪˈpitɪd ɪt ɛz fækt. liˈɑnə ˈkərznər (@redlianak*) ˌʤuˈlaɪ 6 2016 rælf ˈstɑrtɪd ɔf wɪθ səm strɔŋ səˈpɔrt frəm ˈsɛkʃənz əv bət kˈwɪkli bɪˈkeɪm tu frɪnʤ fər ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈmɑdərˌeɪts, ənd ˈmɛni fɛlt ɛz ɪf ə ˈmuvmənt ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈɛθɪks ɪn ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm ʃʊd nɑt rɪˈwɔrd ˈsəmˌwən wɪθ hɪts ənd səˈpɔrt hu ðeɪ fɛlt wɑz ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv ə ˈklɪkˌbeɪt ˈblɔgər. rælf ɪz naʊ ˈmoʊstli ˈhaɪli rɪˈgɑrdɪd baɪ ə grup noʊn ɛz, hu fɛlt ɛz ɪf wɑz tu sɔft ɪn ɪts əˈproʊʧ. ðə grup ˈmænɪʤd tɪ kæʧ ðə aɪr əv ðə, ɪn ˈækʃən ənd tˈwɪtər ˈfækʃənz əv, wɪθ ɪn ˈækʃən ˈleɪbəlɪŋ ɛz ““anti-#gamergate”*”. ɪn ˈækʃən ˈrɛgjələr, səmd əp frəm baɪ writing…*… ɪz ə ˈməˌkreɪkər huz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt gɑt pʊt ɔn ðə ˈblæˌklɪst ˈæftər hi ˈpəblɪʃt ˈɑrtɪkəlz əˈtækɪŋ ðə frɛndz ənd ˈfæməli əv ə səˈpɔrtər hu kɪld hərˈsɛlf. rɪˈvoʊlt ər ˈmoʊstli ə ˈmɪksʧər əv troʊlz ənd ˈækʧəwəl ɪkˈstriməsts hu θɪŋk ʃʊd bɪˈkəm ɪkˈstriməsts ənd pərʤ əv ˈɛniˌwən hu hoʊldz ˈmɑdərˌeɪt, ər ˈivɪn vjuz. rɪˈvoʊlt ənd rælf wər meɪd fər iʧ other.”*.” pəraɪə ˈstætəs wɪˈθɪn ɪz ˈniðər ˈhɪnɪd æt nɔr ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn ˈɛni əv ðə ˈpisɪz baɪ ðə ˈdeɪli dɑt, rɑ ˈstɔri ər ˈbɪznɪs ˌɪnˈsaɪdər. ˌɪnˈstɛd ðeɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn rælf ɛz ə hərˈæsər ənd doxxer*, ə ˈnusəns tɪ briˈænə wu ənd wən əv ˈlidərz.
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the media is currently running a false narrative about #gamergate and the recent arrest of blogger ethan ralph from theralphretort.com. they’re claiming that ethan ralph was the leader of #gamergate and that it was all about harassing women.
the truth of the matter is that #gamergate is a leaderless movement. the wikipedia article, in all its biased intentions, still attribute the consumer revolt against unethical journalism as a leaderless movement…
“following the accusations against quinn, proponents of gamergate began to use the “kotakuinaction” subreddit and boards on 8chan to discuss and organize. because of its anonymous membership, lack of organization and leaderless nature, sources differ as to the goals or mission of gamergate and, with no person or group able to speak for gamergate, defining it has been difficult.”
the descriptive block was even pulled from jesse singal’s piece that was published on october 20th, 2014 on new york magazine, where the writer — despite being against #gamergate — still admits that it’s a leaderless movement.
additionally, other notable outlets have also reiterated the same thing; that the movement is leaderless. erik kain, a contributor to forbes, wrote on august 21st, 2015…
“[…] because #gamergate is an amorphous, leaderless movement as concerned with sjws as it is with ethics, there has never been a proper decision as to what exactly its grievances are, what precisely its ethics complaints may be. the two sides of the coin—anti-sjw agenda and ethics in game journalism—spin so fast we can never quite tell what we’re seeing.”
so then how does a grassroots movement go from being generally recognized by mainstream and enthusiast press as being a leaderless movement to having ethan ralph as the leader?
in this case, ethan ralph, from the ralph retort, was arrested on multiple charges of assault and disorderly conduct after he was found drunk in the lobby of a hotel. he’s currently being held without bail. brianna wu did an article on the daily dot with a headline titled “gamergate leader arrested on 2 felony counts of assaulting a police officer”. however, wu wisely avoids the direct assertion within the article itself that ralph was actually the leader of the consumer revolt, but instead writes that he was “one of gamergate’s most notorious harassers”.
david ferguson from raw story picked up the news from the daily dot, reiterating the headline from wu’s article but also avoids directly inferring that ralph was the leader in the article itself, writing…
“a notorious alt-right troll from virginia who played a major role in the harassment of women in the video game industry was arrested in late august after he drunkenly passed out in a hotel lobby, then assaulted a sheriff’s deputy when he came to.”
ben gilbert, a former member of the game journo pros, wrote an article for business insider with the headline “a prominent leader of gamergate was just arrested on charges of assaulting a police officer”. the article itself avoids calling ralph a “leader”, but instead states…
“one of gamergate’s most prominent voices, ethan ralph, was arrested recently on two counts of assault on law enforcement and count of obstruction of justice.”
the article continues to repeat what was mentioned in both wu’s article on the daily dot and the article on raw story. none of them mention that #gamergate is actually a leaderless movement.
what’s more is that even ralph himself has claimed distance from the gamergate hashtag, far removing any position of leadership within the consumer revolt. on march 24th, 2015 ralph wrote on his blog…
“it’s no secret that i have heat with some people over on 8chan. the person who runs /v/ is a shithead who put my links on archive, and we all know about the baphomet stuff.”
the post refers to the 8chan #gamergate boards and the drama he’s had with the people involved. in fact, the 8chan branch of #gamergate – an imageboard where people can post anonymously – absolutely detest ethan ralph. in fact, they despise him so much that you can’t even type out the name of his website on the #gamergate boards; the name is automatically changed to prevent people from linking to or talking about ralph’s articles.
ralph did a post about his site being archived on 8chan, preventing him from receiving hits or views from anyone who attempts to link to his content on the board, writing in a post on february 19th, 2015…
“the “board owner” of 8chan’s /v/ (@markm447) has been triggered by some of the success we’ve achieved here. so, he took it upon himself to make sure all my links would now have to be archived. apparently this is supposed to hurt the site? i’m not sure.”
ralph’s content is also barred from being shared on the other #gamergate hub, kotaku in action, a popular board on reddit, unless the content is archived.
there were various debates and discussions about ralph and his content on kotaku in action, which eventually led to a consensus to archive any content from his site to avoid him getting any hits or making any ad revenue from his content, with reddit user fsmhelpusall writing…
“i defended [ralph] for a while, but after the utter dancing on lily’s grave shit they pulled trying to get at (edited for accuracy) cultofvivian, i think it’s time we force archive on it too.”
this was in response to ralph publishing articles attacking various individuals who were associated with #gamergate, including someone who previously supported the hashtag but had committed suicide (which is what the quote above is referring to). there was also an especially vitriolic piece on activist and writer liana kerzner – a sympathetic but mostly neutral associate to #gamergate – that caused many who use the gamergate hashtag to completely disassociate from ethan ralph and the ralph retort.
@oldschoolgamerp the ralph retort ran a thing where that was an assertion. it was labeled "parody" but people repeated it as fact. — liana kerzner (@redlianak) july 6, 2016
ralph started off with some strong support from sections of #gamergate but quickly became too fringe for the majority of moderates, and many felt as if a movement focused on ethics in journalism should not reward someone with hits and support who they felt was the equivalent of a clickbait blogger.
ralph is now mostly highly regarded by a group known as ggrevolt, who felt as if #gamergate was too soft in its approach. the ggrevolt group managed to catch the ire of the 8chan, kotaku in action and twitter factions of #gamergate, with kotaku in action labeling ggrevolt as “anti-#gamergate”. kotaku in action regular, netscape9, summed up ralph’s disassociation from #gamergate by writing…
“ralph is a muckraker whose website got put on the blacklist after he published articles attacking the friends and family of a gamergate supporter who killed herself. revolt are mostly a mixture of trolls and actual extremists who think gamergate should become far-right extremists and purge gamergate of anyone who holds moderate, left-wing or even centre-right views. revolt and ralph were made for each other.”
ralph’s pariah status within #gamergate is neither hinted at nor mentioned in any of the pieces by the daily dot, raw story or business insider. instead they focus on ralph as a harasser and doxxer, a nuisance to brianna wu and one of #gamergate’s leaders.
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jʊr ˈbraʊzər dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ˈvɪdioʊ hir tɪ vju ərˈɪʤənəl ˈwɑʧɪŋ haʊ wən ˈhənərd jɪrz əv dɔg ˈbridɪŋ "ˌɪmˈpruvmənt" ˈæˌkʧuəli ruɪnd ˈpərfəktli ˈbjutəfəl, æθˈlɛtɪk, ənd ˈjusfəl dɔgz, ˈtərnɪŋ ðɛm ˈɪntu ə ˈkɛrɪkəˌʧər əv ðɛmˈsɛlvz fʊl əv hɛlθ ˈprɑbləmz, ɪz ˈrɪli sæd. ʤɪst lʊk æt ðə ˌdifɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪnˈdʊrd baɪ ðə bʊl ˈtɛriər əˈbəv ðiz laɪnz. saɪəns əv dɔgz kəˈlɛktəd ðiz oʊld ˈfoʊˌtoʊz frəm bridz əv ɔl ˈneɪʃənz, ə 1915 bʊk baɪ w.e*. ˈmeɪsən, ənd ðɛn kəmˈpɛrd ðɛm tɪ ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv ˈmɑdərn pjʊr bridz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈspɑtɪd baɪ ˈɛrɪkə hɔl jʊr ˈbraʊzər dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ˈvɪdioʊ hir tɪ vju ərˈɪʤənəl st*. ˈbərnərd: frəm ˈjusfəl ˈhæpi wərk dɔg tɪ ʤaɪənt ˈsəfərɪŋ mæs. jʊr ˈbraʊzər dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ˈvɪdioʊ hir tɪ vju ərˈɪʤənəl ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈbʊlˌdɔg: dɪˈfɔrmd bɪɔnd ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən ɪn ˈtudeɪz pjʊr brid ˈstændərd. jʊr ˈbraʊzər dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ˈvɪdioʊ hir tɪ vju ərˈɪʤənəl ˈbɑksər: əˈnəðər ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ɪkˈstrim ˌdifɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət kəmz wɪθ ˈplɛnti əv hɛlθ ˈprɑbləmz. ʤɪst lʊk æt ðə skəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz, ər ðə rɪˈdɪkjələs bæk lɛgz ənd hɪps. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt jʊr ˈbraʊzər dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ˈvɪdioʊ hir tɪ vju ərˈɪʤənəl ˈbæsɪt haʊnd: jɛt əˈnəðər ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ɪkˈstrim ˌdifɔrˈmeɪʃən. ʤɪst lʊk æt ðoʊz rɪˈdɪkjələs ɪrz. jʊr ˈbraʊzər dɪz nɑt səˈpɔrt ˈvɪdioʊ hir tɪ vju ərˈɪʤənəl ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈdɑksˌhʊnd: ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈtaɪni, ðiz dɔgz hæd səm prəˈpɔrʃən ɪn ðɛm. naʊ ðeɪ lʊk laɪk ə ˈdɪzni ˈkɛrɪkəˌʧər. goʊ tɪ ðə saɪəns əv dɔgz fər mɔr ɪgˈzæmpəlz ənd ðə lɪst əv ðə ˈsɪknəs ðiz pjʊr brid bists hæv tɪ ɪnˈdʊr. ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt noʊt fər ðiz ˈhɑləˌdeɪz: ɪf ju ər ˈplænɪŋ tɪ gɪt ə dɔg, θɪŋk ˈvɛri hɑrd əˈbaʊt ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪlətiz ju ər əkˈsɛptɪŋ. dɔgz ər nɑt tɔɪz. ðɛr sentient*, ˈvɛri ˈsɛnsɪtɪv biɪŋz hu wɪl ləv ju fər ðə rɛst əv ðɛr laɪf wɪˈθaʊt ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɪn rɪˈtərn. laɪk ˈʧɪldrən, ðeɪ kəm wɪθ ə ˈvɛri haɪ lɔŋ taɪm kɔst. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt bət ɪf jʊr ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ gɪt ə dɔg, pliz doʊnt juz ə pɛt ʃɑp. moʊst ˈɔfən (ˌɔlˈðoʊ nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz) ðeɪ gɪt ðɛr dɔgz frəm ˈpəpi mɪlz ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ əˈbjuz ðə ˈməðərz ənˈtɪl ðeɪ daɪ. juz ə ˈrɛskju ˈʃɛltər. ðɛr ər ˈmɪljənz əv dɔgz aʊt ðɛr ðət nid ə hoʊm. ɪz ə nu blɔg əˈbaʊt ˈɔsəm stəf. ʤɔɪn ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk.
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watching how one hundred years of dog breeding "improvement" actually ruined perfectly beautiful, athletic, and useful dogs, turning them into a caricature of themselves full of health problems, is really sad. just look at the deformation endured by the bull terrier above these lines.
science of dogs collected these old photos from breeds of all nations, a 1915 book by w.e. mason, and then compared them to examples of modern pure breeds.
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spotted by erika hall
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st. bernard: from useful happy work dog to giant suffering mass.
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english bulldog: deformed beyond recognition in today's pure breed standard.
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boxer: another example of extreme deformation that comes with plenty of health problems. just look at the skull changes, or the ridiculous back legs and hips.
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basset hound: yet another example of extreme deformation. just look at those ridiculous ears.
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dachshund: although always tiny, these dogs had some proportion in them. now they look like a disney caricature.
go to the science of dogs for more examples and the list of the sickness these pure breed beasts have to endure.
an important note for these holidays: if you are planning to get a dog, think very hard about the responsibilities you are accepting. dogs are not toys. they're sentient, very sensitive beings who will love you for the rest of their life without expecting anything in return. like children, they come with a very high long time cost.
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but if you're decided to get a dog, please don't use a pet shop. most often (although not always) they get their dogs from puppy mills in which they abuse the mothers until they die. use a rescue shelter. there are millions of dogs out there that need a home.
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ðɪs oʊld ˈɑrtɪkəl ʃoʊd əp ɪn maɪ təˈdeɪ, baɪ ə ˈbruəri aɪ ˈfɑloʊ. ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl, ˈsupər boʊl ˈsənˌdi ðə ˈbɪgəst bɪr deɪ əv ðə jɪr? kˈwɛsʧənz ðə lɪst əv ðə tɔp eɪt fər beer.”*.” ðə lɪst wɑz kəmˈplaɪd baɪ ˈnilsən, ənd ɛz hi pɔɪnts aʊt ɪz bɪr seɪlz frəm ɔl juz. ˈaʊˌtlɛts (ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ fud, ˈlɪkər, kənˈvinjəns ənd drug).”*).” ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ɪz ˈskɛptɪkəl əˈbaʊt waɪ seɪlz fər ðə wik ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ər ˈɔlsoʊ trækt, bət ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈfɪgjərd aʊt ʤɪst haʊ ðə wiks ər trækt. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ə wik ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ fɔlz ɔn ə ˈsənˌdi, ju hæv tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ðə wik praɪər ənd ðə wik əv tɪ gɪt ɔl ðə ˈrɛləvənt seɪlz ˈdætə. ˈɔθər maɪk dru ˈmɛni əv hɪz kənˈkluʒənz frəm hɪz ˌkɔrəˈspɑndəns wɪθ ˈnilsən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz, hu ˈnæʧərəli hæv ə ˈhɛlθi baɪəs ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ðɛr oʊn ˈdætə. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, meɪ nɑt ˈfʊli əˈpriʃiˌeɪt tu əˈdɪʃənəl ˈtɪdbɪts əˈbaʊt ðoʊz stəˈtɪstɪks. fərst, ˈdætə ɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɪnˈtaɪərli ʧeɪn stɔr seɪlz. ðə bɪg ˈsupərˌmɑrkɪt ʧeɪnz, drəg stɔrz, bɪg bɑks stɔrz, kənˈvinjəns stɔrz. ɛz səʧ, ə bɪg slaɪs əv ðə paɪ, bət stɪl ˈnoʊˌwɛr nɪr ðə hoʊl paɪ. ˈmɪsɪŋ frəm ɪts ˈnəmbərz ər ˈθaʊzənz əv smɔl ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈaʊˌtlɛts ðət sɛl bɪr. ɪt wərks bɪˈkəz ðə ˈsæmpəl ɪz ðə seɪm frəm ˈpɪriəd tɪ ˈpɪriəd ənd soʊ kəmˈpɛrəsənz ənd trɛnz kən bi ˈkɑnfədəntli tizd aʊt əv ðə ˈdætə, ənd ˈsərtənli ˈjusfəl, bət ɪt tɛl ðə hoʊl ˈstɔri. wət moʊst ˈpipəl ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈɪndəstri fərˈgɛt, imho*, ɪz ðət ɪt ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi all-inclusive*. ˈpərpəs ɪz tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ seɪlz trɛnz ənd bɪg ˈpɪkʧər ækˈtɪvɪti. wɪn aɪ wɑz ðə bɪr baɪər æt, si ən ˈɛndləs pəreɪd əv ˈnilsən ˈdætə frəm ˈvɛriəs ˈbruəriz, ənd iʧ wʊd tɛl ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈstɔri, ˈsɪmpli bɪˈkəz əv ðə weɪ ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɑz məˈsɑʒd. soʊ məʧ ˈdætə ðət ɪt kən bi drɪld daʊn ɪn ˈɛndləs weɪz, wɪθ iʧ ˈbɪznɪs duɪŋ ɪt ɪn ə weɪ ðət wɑz moʊst ˈfeɪvərəbəl tɪ ðɛr ˈpərpəsɪz, tɪ ʃoʊ ðɛr seɪlz ɪn ðə bɛst ˈpɑsəbəl laɪt. soʊ ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈteɪkən wɪθ ə greɪn əv sɔlt. moʊst ˈjusfəl wɪn kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ðə seɪm sɛt əv ˈdætə ˈoʊvər ˈdɪfərənt ˈpɪriədz əv taɪm; wiks, mənθs, kˈwɔrtərz, jɪrz, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. bət ɪt tɛndz tɪ breɪk daʊn wɪn kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt taɪm ˈpɪriədz, ɛz ɪn ðɪs lɪst, bɪˈkəz ðɛr ər soʊ ˈmɛni mɔr ˈfæktərz ðət ðə rɑ ˈnəmbərz ˈkæpʧər. ˈsərtənli gɪvz ˈsizəˌnælɪti ɪts du, kənˈkludɪŋ ðət ju wər tɪ ˈnɔrməˌlaɪz seɪlz tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ˈwikli ˈsizənəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ˈoʊvərˌɔl bɪr seɪlz, ðə ˈɔfən ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən əv ðə ˈsupər boʊl wʊd moʊst ˈlaɪkli muv sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli əp ðə list.”*.” bɪˈkəz ˈklaɪmɪt ðə ˈwɛðər pleɪz ə juʤ pɑrt ɪn bɪr seɪlz ðət bi ˈoʊvərˌsteɪtɪd. wɪn ðə θərˈmɑmətər tɪks əp, bɪr seɪlz goʊ əp. wɪn taɪm tɪ pʊt ɔn ə sˈwɛtər, bɪr seɪlz ˈpləmət. ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ˈvɛri ˈsizənəl ðət weɪ. bət ˈivɪn maɪ oʊld ˈbɔsɪz æt feɪld tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ɪts ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns ənd wʊd ruˈtinli bleɪm mi fər pur bɪr seɪlz (ər æt list nɑt ˈhɪtɪŋ seɪlz goʊlz) wɪn ˈfɔrsɪz aʊt əv maɪ kənˈtroʊl wʊd hərt ðə əˈmaʊnt əv bɪr ˈpipəl bɔt. aɪ ˈivɪn hæd wən ˈpərsən tɛl mi aɪ wɑz ɛˈsɛnʃəli nɑt əˈlaʊd tɪ bleɪm ðə ˈwɛðər, wɪʧ ɪz ə bɪt laɪk seɪɪŋ ju ɪkˈspleɪn ˈgɪtɪŋ wɛt baɪ ˈpɔɪntɪŋ tɪ ðə reɪn. soʊ nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋli, ðə tɔp fɔr ˈhɑləˌdeɪz ɔl teɪk pleɪs ˈdʊrɪŋ wɔrm mənθs əv ðə jɪr. ənd waɪl ju ˈnɔrməli əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt deɪ wɪθ bɪg ˈpɪkˌnɪks, ʤɪst ðə fækt ðət ɪn ʤun meɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ˌɪnˈkrist seɪlz. ˈfræŋkli, ˈistər ɪz ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz wən əv ðoʊz ˈhɑləˌdeɪz ðət fju ˈpipəl hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ taɪ ɪn wɪθ bɪr, bət ɛz ɪt ˈjuʒəwəli kəmz ɪn ðə spərɪŋ, ɪt kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi ə koʊˈɪnsɪdəns əv ðə ˈsizən. ˈsɛkənd, ðə ˈnilsən ˈdætə ɪz fər sales.”*.” ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, nɑt kɛgz. ənd ə lɔt əv ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ər ɪˈvɛnt ˈpɑrtiz ˌɪnˈklud kɛgz. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈɛvəri jɪr aɪ wɑz wɪθ ɑr ˈnəmbər wən ˈwiˌkɪnd fər kɛg seɪlz wɑz ˌhæləˈwin. bət ɪn ðə ˈnilsən ˈdætə, ɪt ˈivɪn kræk ðə tɔp eɪt. tɪ mi, ðət səˈʤɛsts əˈnəðər wən əv ðə ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz əv ðɛr lɪst. ʤɪst ˈkɑmən sɛns. ju tɛl mi mɔr ˈpipəl drɪŋk bɪr fər ˈistər ðən ˌhæləˈwin. əˈgɛn, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈdætə ɪz ˌɪmˈpərfɪkt ənd nɑt ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv. ʤɪst ə sˈnæpˌʃɑt əv wən ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə bɪr ˈmɑrkɪt. ənd ɪn fækt, wən jɪr ˈleɪtər, ɪn 2010 ðə ˈvɛri seɪm ˈnilsən ʧɑrt fər ðə ˈsəbsəkwənt jɪr həz ðə ˈsupər boʊl naʊ ɪn pleɪs, wɪθ ˌhæləˈwin ɪn 6th*, ənd ˈistər ənd deɪ noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈrɛʤɪstərɪŋ. soʊ waɪl aɪ θɪŋk wi kən ˈmoʊstli əˈgri ɔn wɪʧ ˈhɑləˌdeɪz ər ɪˈvɛnts ər ðə ˈbɪgəst ɪn tərmz əv bɪr ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ, ˈivɪn ɪf ðə ˈɔrdər fɔl ɪn wɪl ˈvɛri sˈlaɪtli, bɛst nɑt tɪ rɪˈlaɪ tu ˈhɛvəli ɔn ˌɪnkəmˈplit ˈdætə nɑt ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ bi əv ðə ˈtoʊtəl bɪr ˈmɑrkɪt ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə.
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this two-year old slashfood article showed up in my paper.li today, retweeted by a brewery i follow. the article, super bowl sunday — the 8th biggest beer day of the year? questions the list of the top eight “holidays/events for beer.” the list was complied by nielsen, and as he points out is “combined beer sales from all u.s. outlets (including food, liquor, convenience and drug).” he’s initially is skeptical about why sales for the week following the holiday/event are also tracked, but eventually figured out that’s just how the weeks are tracked. if you want to include a week in which the holiday falls on a sunday, you have to include the week prior and the week of to get all the relevant sales data. author mike pomranz drew many of his conclusions from his correspondence with nielsen executives, who naturally have a healthy bias in favor of their own data. as a result, pomranz may not fully appreciate two additional tidbits about those statistics.
first, nielsen’s data is almost entirely chain store sales. the big supermarket chains, drug stores, big box stores, convenience stores. as such, it’s a big slice of the pie, but it’s still nowhere near the whole pie. missing from its numbers are thousands of small independent outlets that sell beer. it works because the sample is the same from period to period and so comparisons and trends can be confidently teased out of the data, and it’s certainly useful, but it doesn’t tell the whole story. what most people outside the industry forget, imho, is that it isn’t intended to be all-inclusive. it’s purpose is to identify sales trends and big picture activity. when i was the beer buyer at bevmo, i’d see an endless parade of nielsen data from various breweries, and each would tell a different story, simply because of the way the information was massaged. there’s so much data that it can be drilled down in endless ways, with each business doing it in a way that was most favorable to their purposes, to show their sales in the best possible light. so it should be taken with a grain of salt. it’s most useful when comparing the same set of data over different periods of time; weeks, months, quarters, years, etc.
but it tends to break down when comparing different time periods, as in this list, because there are so many more factors that the raw numbers can’t capture. pomranz certainly gives seasonality its due, concluding that “[i]f you were to normalize sales to account for weekly seasonal changes in overall beer sales, the often beer-centric celebration of the super bowl would most likely move significantly up the list.” that’s because climate — the weather — plays a huge part in beer sales that can’t be overstated. when the thermometer ticks up, beer sales go up. when it’s time to put on a sweater, beer sales plummet. it’s always been very seasonal that way. but even my old bosses at bevmo failed to recognize its importance and would routinely blame me for poor beer sales (or at least not hitting sales goals) when forces out of my control would hurt the amount of beer people bought. i even had one person tell me i was essentially not allowed to blame the weather, which is a bit like saying you can’t explain getting wet by pointing to the rain.
so not surprisingly, the top four holidays all take place during warm months of the year. and while you don’t normally associate father’s day with big beer-soaked picnics, just the fact that it’s in june may account for increased sales. frankly, easter is likewise one of those holidays that few people have been able to tie in with beer, but as it usually comes in the spring, it could also be a coincidence of the season.
second, the nielsen data is for “case sales.” in other words, not kegs. and a lot of holiday or event parties include kegs. for example, every year i was with bevmo our number one weekend for keg sales was halloween. but in the nielsen data, it doesn’t even crack the top eight. to me, that suggests another one of the limitations of their list. it’s just common sense. you can’t tell me more people drink beer for easter than halloween. again, that’s because the data is imperfect and not comprehensive. it’s just a snapshot of one particular portion of the beer market.
and in fact, one year later, in 2010, the very same nielsen chart for the subsequent year has the super bowl now in 7th place, with halloween in 6th, and easter and father’s day no longer registering.
so while i think we can mostly agree on which holidays or events are the biggest in terms of beer drinking, even if the order they’ll fall in will vary slightly, it’s best not to rely too heavily on incomplete data that’s not intended to be all-encompassing of the total beer market in america.
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sumit* kuˈmɑr sɪŋ baɪ nu ˈdɛli: ˈdɛli ʧif ˈmɪnɪstər ˈɑrvɪnd muv tɪ brɪŋ ɔl ðə steɪt təˈgɛðər fər ə mit ɪn ˈdɛli tɪ bɪld ə ˈprɛʃər grup əˈgɛnst ðə ˈsɛntər ˈjildɪd pur rɪˈspɑns, ɛz hɪz prəˈdɛʃ ənd counterparts’*’ ˈɪntɪˌmeɪtɪd ðeɪ wʊd bi əˈneɪbəl tɪ əˈtɛnd ðə ˈfəŋkʃən. hæd ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ɔl ðə ʧif ˈmɪnɪstərz tɪ dɪˈskəs riˈleɪʃənz ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 30 bət ənd ˈkɑŋgrəs ʧif ˈmɪnɪstərz hæv ɔˈrɛdi ˈɪntɪˌmeɪtɪd ðɛr fər ðə mit. wɑz ˈbæŋkɪŋ ɔn ənd ʧif ˈmɪnɪstərz tɪ meɪk ðə ˈkɑnˌkleɪv ə səkˈsɛs, bət ɪt wɑz nɑt tɪ bi. waɪl ʧif ˈmɪnɪstər həz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd nɑt tɪ əˈtɛnd ðə mit, kuˈmɑr sɛd hi wɑz wɪθ ðə steɪt əˈsɛmbli poʊlz, bət wʊd bi əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkɑnfrənsɪŋ, ɪf ˈnidɪd. kuˈmɑr ənd hæv mɛt ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz ənd hæv səˈpɔrtɪd iʧ ˈəðər əˈtækɪŋ ˈmoʊdi ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈoʊnli ˈmænɪk ˈsɑrˌkɑr ənd wɛst bəˈnərʤi ər ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈkæpɪtəl tɪ əˈtɛnd ðə ˈkɑnˌkleɪv. ˈæftər ˈpɑrti kwɪt ðə alliance’*’ ˈaɪˈbi, ˈpɑrti ʧif sɪŋ ˈdɪstənst hɪmˈsɛlf frəm kuˈmɑr, wɪʧ simz tɪ hæv ˈprɑmptɪd tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ frəm ðə ɪˈvɛnt. waɪl ˈsɑrˌkɑr ɪz ɪn ˈdɛli tɪ əˈtɛnd ə ˈpɑlətˌbjʊroʊ mit, hæd kənˈfərmd tɪ tu mənθs əˈgoʊ, wɪn hi ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd hər, ðət ʃi wʊd bi ˈprɛzənt.
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sumit kumar singh by
new delhi: delhi chief minister arvind kejriwal’s move to bring all the state cms together for a meet in delhi to build a pressure group against the centre yielded poor response, as his uttar pradesh and bihar counterparts’ intimated they would be unable to attend the function.
kejriwal had invited all the chief ministers to discuss centre-state relations on september 30, but bjp and congress chief ministers have already intimated their non-availability for the meet. kejriwal was banking on non-bjp and non-congress chief ministers to make the conclave a success, but it was not to be.
while uttar chief minister akhilesh yadav has decided not to attend the meet, bihar’s nitish kumar said he was pre-occupied with the state assembly polls, but would be available on video conferencing, if needed. kumar and kejriwal have met several times and have supported each other attacking narendra modi government.
only tripura cm manik sarkar and west bengal’s mamta banerjee are in the national capital to attend the conclave.
after samajwadi party quit the ‘grand alliance’ ib bihar, party chief mulayam singh distanced himself from kumar, which seems to have prompted akhilesh to withdraw from the event.
while sarkar is in delhi to attend a politburo meet, mamata had confirmed to kejriwal two months ago, when he invited her, that she would be present.
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ən ənˈnoʊn mæn əˈtækt treɪn ˈpæsənʤərz wɪθ ən æks æt ðə ˈsɛntrəl treɪn ˈsteɪʃən ɪn ˈdusəlˌdɔrf, ˈʤərməni ˈθərzˌdeɪ, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈvɛriəs rɪˈpɔrts. ɪt ɪz ənˈklɪr haʊ ˈmɛni ˈpæsənʤərz wər ˈɪnʤərd ɪn ðə əˈtæk, ðoʊ ˈsɛvərəl ˈvɪktɪmz wər rɪˈpɔrtədli faʊnd ˈblidɪŋ aʊt ɔn ðə ðə graʊnd ˈæftər ðə ˈsəˌspɛkt əˈsɔltɪd ə treɪn. pəˈlis wər rɪˈpɔrtədli dɪˈspæʧt tɪ ðə sin ənd wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ərˈɛst tu ˈpipəl. wɪθ æks ʧeɪst baɪ pəˈlis ɪn ˈdusəlˌdɔrf. ˈsteɪʃən kloʊzd. aɪ æm ɪn ðə treɪn θɪnz lʊk bæd #pəˈlis #terror,”*,” sɛd ˈbrunoʊ məˈseɪdoʊ, hu ˈwɪtnəst ðə əˈtæk, ɪn ə twit. əˈweɪ frəm #ˈdusəlˌdɔrf treɪn ˈsteɪʃən ˈkreɪzi mæn wɪθ #æks ɔn ðə luz. pəˈlis stɑpt treɪnz, ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd ðə ˈsteɪʃən ənd ˈkɔrdənd ɔf ðə ˈɛriə frəm ðə ˈpəblɪk. əˈfɪʃəlz hæv nɑt jɛt aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ðə ˈsəˌspɛkts ərˈɛstɪd æt ðə sin. ˈfɑloʊ rəs rɛd ɔn tˈwɪtər sɛnd tɪps tɪ russ@dailycallernewsfoundation.org*. ˈkɑntɛnt kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈdeɪli ˈkɔlər nuz faʊnˈdeɪʃən ɪz əˈveɪləbəl wɪˈθaʊt ʧɑrʤ tɪ ˈɛni ˈɛlɪʤəbəl nuz ˈpəblɪʃər ðət kən prəˈvaɪd ə lɑrʤ ˈɔdiəns. fər ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ ˌɑpərˈtunətiz əv ɑr ərˈɪʤənəl ˈkɑntɛnt, pliz ˈkɑnˌtækt licensing@dailycallernewsfoundation.org*.
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an unknown man attacked train passengers with an ax at the central train station in dusseldorf, germany thursday, according to various reports.
it is unclear how many passengers were injured in the attack, though several victims were reportedly found bleeding out on the the ground after the suspect assaulted a train.
counter-terrorism police were reportedly dispatched to the scene and were able to arrest two people.
“man with axe chased by police in dusseldorf. station closed. i am in the train thins look bad #police #terror,” said bruno macedo, who witnessed the attack, in a tweet. “stay away from #dusseldorf train station crazy man with #axe on the lose.
police stopped trains, evacuated the station and cordoned off the area from the public. officials have not yet identified the suspects arrested at the scene.
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ril məˈdrɪd ˈstraɪkər bɪˈmoʊnz læks əv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz æt ˌhɑviˈɛr 'chicharito*' hərˈnændɛz sɪz ðət hɪz læk əv ˈmɪnəts wɪn hi spɛnt læst ˈsizən wɪθ ril məˈdrɪd ɪz tɪ bleɪm fər hɪz læk əv səkˈsɛs. hərˈnændɛz skɔrd 26 goʊlz fər beɪər ðɪs kæmˈpeɪn, ɛz hi bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˌəndɪˈspjutɪd ˈstɑrtər ɪn ðə ˈstraɪkər pəˈzɪʃən. "hæd aɪ hæd ðə ʧæns əv pleɪɪŋ 20 ˈmæʧɪz ɪn ə roʊ fər ˈmænˌʧɛstər juˈnaɪtɪd ənd ril məˈdrɪd ˈmeɪbi aɪ ˈkʊdəv bɪn ðə stɑr, bət wi wɪl ˈnɛvər noʊ," sɛd hərˈnændɛz. "maɪ ˈnəmbərz ər ðɛr, aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd 80 ˈmæʧɪz fər juˈnaɪtɪd ənd skɔrd 65 goʊlz, waɪl ɪn məˈdrɪd aɪ ʤɪst ˈstɑrtɪd 12 geɪmz ənd ˈmænɪʤd tɪ skɔr 9 goʊlz, soʊ ðə ˈoʊnli ˈdɪfərəns ɪz ðət aɪ hæd ɪˈnəf ˈmɪnəts tɪ pruv maɪ wərθ ɪn," hi ˈædɪd. hərˈnændɛz ɪz ˈəndər ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ ənˈtɪl ðə ˈsəmər əv 2018 ɛz hi ʤɔɪnd ðə tim læst ˈsəmər fər 12 ˈmɪljən ˈjuˌroʊz.
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real madrid striker bemoans lacks of opportunities at bernabeu
javier 'chicharito' hernandez says that his lack of minutes when he spent last season with real madrid is to blame for his lack of success.
hernandez scored 26 goals for bayer leverkusen this campaign, as he became the undisputed starter in the striker position.
"had i had the chance of playing 20 matches in a row for manchester united and real madrid maybe i could've been the star, but we will never know," said hernandez.
"my numbers are there, i started 80 matches for united and scored 65 goals, while in madrid i just started 12 games and managed to score 9 goals, so the only difference is that i had enough minutes to prove my worth in leverkusen," he added.
hernandez is under contract with leverkusen until the summer of 2018 - as he joined the team last summer for 12 million euros.
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ˈsɛkənd ˈəpˌdeɪt: trəmps nu ˈʤərzi ædˈvaɪzər ənd ˈnətli ˈtaʊnʃɪp kəˈmɪʃənər stiv ˈrɑʤərz kɔld ən ədˈvæns ˈmidiə rɪˈpɔrtər ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər 3 p.m*. tɪ seɪ ðət "raɪt naʊ ðə ˈfoʊkɪs ɪz nɑt ɔn ˈoʊpənɪŋ ə ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz, ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə dɔr ju kən wɔk θru. wɪr goʊɪŋ tɪ si ə graʊnd kæmˈpeɪn ˈvɛri ˈʃɔrtli... ɪts goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈgɪtɪŋ ðə voʊt aʊt. ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ, ðɛrz noʊ ɛnd hir." ˈrɑʤərz ðɛn sɛnt ən iˈmeɪl tɪ ə rɪˈpɔrtər æt p.m*. tɪ æd ðət "rɪˈpɔrts ðət ðə (sɪk) kæmˈpeɪn ɪz ˈkloʊzɪŋ ʃɑp ɪn ər nɑt tru. æt ˈprɛzənt, wi ər ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ ɑr graʊnd kæmˈpeɪn wɪθ ðə ˈhənərdz əv ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz wi hæv rɪˈkrutɪd. ə ˈbɪldɪŋ fər ə ɪz ə ˈmætər ðət wɪl bi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd əˈpɑn ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər." ˈəpˌdeɪt: steɪt sɛn. ˈmaɪkəl ˈdɔrti (r-warren*), ðə fərst nu ˈʤərzi ˈlɔˌmeɪkər tɪ ˈpəblɪkli ɛnˈdɔrs ˈdɑnəld trəmp fər ˈprɛzɪdənt, iˈmeɪld ədˈvæns ˈmidiə æt a.m*. tɪ seɪ ðət "ðə kæmˈpeɪn ɪz ˈæktɪvli ˈsikɪŋ ə nu loʊˈkeɪʃən ənd ˌɪnˈtɛndz tɪ ˈoʊpən ɪn ðə nɪr fˈjuʧər." ˈdɔrti ˈædɪd ðət ɪt hæd "nɑt sɛt ɔn ən ɪgˈzækt loʊˈkeɪʃən ʤɪst jɛt." wi wɪl ˈəpˌdeɪt ɑr ˈridərz ɛz sun ɛz wi kənˈfərm ðə nu loʊˈkeɪʃən. ˈtrɛntən dɪˈspaɪt gəv. krɪs ˈkrɪstiz kleɪm ɪn ʤun ðət ˈdɑnəld trəmp hæd pʊt nu ˈʤərzi "ɪn pleɪ" fər ðə noʊˈvɛmbər ɪˈlɛkʃən, ðə kæmˈpeɪn həz əˈpɛrəntli ˈʃətərd ɪts ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz ɪn ðə steɪt. ðə trəmp nu ˈʤərzi kæmˈpeɪn ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz, wɪʧ ˈoʊpənd ɪn ˈɛdɪsən ɪn meɪ, ɪz naʊ əˈnɑkjəˌpaɪd ənd bərˈɛft əv ˈɛni saɪn əv ˈstæfərz. ðə nuz əv ðə dɪˈpɑrʧər wɑz fərst ˌriˈpɔrtəd baɪ pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ nu ˈʤərzi. ɪn mid-june*, ˈkrɪsti toʊld ədˈvæns ˈmidiə ðət ˈdɑnəld trəmp hæd dɪˈskraɪbd nu ˈʤərzi ɛz wən əv 20 "ˈtɑrgətɪd steɪts" ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ ˈdoʊnərz ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti. "hi wɔnts tɪ kəmˈpit hir," ˈkrɪsti sɛd æt ə trəmp kæmˈpeɪn ɪˈvɛnt ɪn ˈæzˌbɛri pɑrk. "aɪ ˌæbsəˈlutli θɪŋk hi həz ə ʧæns tɪ wɪn." trəmp sɪz ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz "ðə ˈfaʊndər əv ˈaɪsəs" bət ðət wɑz wɪn ə ˈmɑnməθ ˌjunəˈvərsəti poʊl hæd ʤɪst pʊt trəmp wɪˈθɪn 4 pɔɪnts əv ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ɪn nu ˈʤərzi. baɪ leɪt ʤun, ə ˈfɛrlə ˈdɪkɪnsən ˌjunəˈvərsəti poʊl ʃoʊd ˈklɪntən hæd ˈoʊpənd hər lɛd əp tɪ 12 pɔɪnts ɪn ə ˈkɑntɛst ðət ˌɪnˈkludz boʊθ trəmp ənd ˈfɔrmər nu ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ gəv. ˈgɛri ˈʤɑnsən ɔn ðə ˌlɪˌbərˈtɛˌriən ˈtɪkɪt. nɑt ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈmætərz fər trəmp, hu oʊnz θri nu ˈʤərzi gɔlf ˈkɔrsɪz, ɪz ˈkrɪstiz oʊn ʤɑb əˈpruvəl ˈreɪtɪŋz ˈstægnənt æt hɪˈstɔrɪkəl loʊz. ə ˈmɑnməθ ˌjunəˈvərsəti poʊl riˈlist ɪn leɪt ʤun faʊnd 62 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈgɑrdən steɪt ˈvoʊtərz ˌdɪsəˈpruv əv ˈkrɪstiz ʤɑb pərˈfɔrməns, wɪθ 26 pərˈsɛnt əˈpruvɪŋ. əˈfɪʃəlz fər ðə trəmp kæmˈpeɪn ɪn nu ˈʤərzi ənd ˈnæʃənəli dɪd nɑt rɪˈspɑnd tɪ ˌɪnkˈwaɪəriz əˈbaʊt ɪts plænz fər ðə steɪt. steɪt sɛn. ˈʤoʊzəf pɛˈnɑkioʊ (r-morris*), ə trəmp kæmˈpeɪn səˈpɔrtər, toʊld pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ nu ˈʤərzi ðət ðə trəmp kæmˈpeɪn hoʊps tɪ ˈoʊpən əˈnəðər ˈɔfəs ɪn nu ˈʤərzi, ðoʊ hi sɛd hi noʊz əv noʊ ˌɪˈmiˌdiət plænz tɪ du soʊ. ˈkɑrənt ˈpoʊlɪŋ trɛnz ɪn ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ər ˈsɪmələrli daʊər fər trəmp. noʊ rɪˈpəblɪkən həz wən ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə sɪns 1988 ənd ðə ˈleɪtəst poʊl ˈteɪkən ˈɔgəst. ʃoʊz ˈklɪntən əˈhɛd ðɛr baɪ 8 pɔɪnts, wɛl ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈmɑrʤən əv ˈɛrər. klɔd meɪ bi riʧt æt cbrodesser@njadvancemedia.com*. ˈfɑloʊ ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər @claudebrodesser*. faɪnd ˈpɑləˌtɪks ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk.
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second update: trump's new jersey advisor and nutley township commissioner steve rogers called an nj advance media reporter shortly after 3 p.m. to say that "right now the focus is not on opening a headquarters, working on a door you can walk through. we're going to see a ground campaign very shortly... it's going to focus on getting the vote out. this is just the beginning, there's no end here."
rogers then sent an email to a reporter at 3:28 p.m. to add that "reports that the tump (sic) campaign is closing shop in nj are not true. at present, we are in the process of organizing our ground campaign with the hundreds of volunteers we have recruited. a building for a hq is a matter that will be decided upon in the future."
update: state sen. michael doherty (r-warren), the first new jersey lawmaker to publicly endorse donald trump for president, emailed nj advance media at 11:21 a.m. to say that "the campaign is actively seeking a new location and intends to open in the near future." doherty added that it had "not set on an exact location just yet." we will update our readers as soon as we confirm the new location.
trenton -- despite gov. chris christie's claim in june that donald trump had put new jersey "in play" for the november election, the campaign has apparently shuttered its headquarters in the state.
the trump new jersey campaign headquarters, which opened in edison in may, is now unoccupied and bereft of any sign of staffers. the news of the departure was first reported by politico new jersey.
in mid-june, christie told nj advance media that donald trump had described new jersey as one of 20 "targeted states" during a meeting with donors in new york city.
"he wants to compete here," christie said at a trump campaign event in asbury park. "i absolutely think he has a chance to win."
trump says obama is "the founder of isis"
but that was when a monmouth university poll had just put trump within 4 points of hillary clinton in new jersey.
by late june, a fairleigh dickinson university publicmind poll showed clinton had opened her lead up to 12 points in a contest that includes both trump and former new mexico gov. gary johnson on the libertarian ticket.
not helping matters for trump, who owns three new jersey golf courses, is christie's own job approval ratings stagnant at historical lows. a monmouth university poll released in late june found 62 percent of garden state voters disapprove of christie's job performance, with 26 percent approving.
officials for the trump campaign in new jersey and nationally did not respond to inquiries about its plans for the state.
state sen. joseph pennacchio (r-morris), a trump campaign supporter, told politico new jersey that the trump campaign hopes to open another office in new jersey, though he said he knows of no immediate plans to do so.
current polling trends in nearby pennsylvania are similarly dour for trump. no republican has won pennsylvania since 1988, and the latest marist poll taken aug. 3-7 shows clinton ahead there by 8 points, well outside the margin of error.
claude brodesser-akner may be reached at cbrodesser@njadvancemedia.com. follow him on twitter @claudebrodesser. find nj.com politics on facebook.
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ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ ˈrisərʧərz frəm əˈkrɔs ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ənd ˈɛkwəˌdɔr ˈtrævəld tɪ ən ˌɪmˈpɑvrɪʃt ˈɛriə tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˌəndərˈnərɪʃt ˈbeɪbiz wɪθ nuˈtrɪʃəs, ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv fud pækt wɪθ ˈproʊˌtin, ˈvaɪtəmənz ənd ˈmɪnərəlz ˈəðərˌwaɪz noʊn ɛz ɛgz. ˈwərldˈwaɪd, ðɛr ər tɛnz əv ˈmɪljənz əv ˈʧɪldrən hu hæv ˈstəntɪd groʊθ, ˈmɛni əv hum ər ˌɪmˈpɑvrɪʃt ɪn lɪv ɪn ˈɛriəz wɛr ðeɪ hæv ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ nuˈtrɪʃəs fud. ðə wərld hɛlθ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən həz əˈtɛmptəd tɪ əˈliviˌeɪt ðɪs ˈɪʃu baɪ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈfɔrtəˌfaɪd fud ˈprɑdəkts tɪ ənˈfɔrʧənət ˈɛriəz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðiz fudz ər ˈtɪpɪkəli ˈfɛrli ɪkˈspɛnsɪv fər pur ˈfæməliz tɪ əˈfɔrd ənd ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən maɪt nɑt riʧ ˈsərtən rɪˈmoʊt ˈɛriəz əv ðə wərld. ɛgz, wɪʧ ər ʧip ənd ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈizi tɪ kəm baɪ, kən prəˈvaɪd ˈoʊvər 50 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈdeɪli ˈnutriənts tɪ ə ˈbeɪbi. ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ðə ˈstədi, ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˌpidiˈætrɪks ˈʤərnəl, ˈfɑloʊ ðə ˈrisərʧərz ɛz ðeɪ pərˈsu ðɛr ˈmɪʃən ɪn ə pur ˈprɑvɪns ˈɛkwəˌdɔr, prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈɪnfənts wɪθ wən ɛg ə deɪ ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈstədi haʊ məʧ əv ə hɛlθ ˌɪmˈpækt ɪt wɪl kriˈeɪt. ðə ˈrisərʧərz ˈgæðərd əp pɛrz əv ˈməðərz ənd ˈɪnfənts ənd splɪt ðɛm ˈɪntu tu ˈsɛpərˌeɪt grups. wən grup geɪv ðɛr ˈbeɪbiz, ˈeɪʤɪd sɪks tɪ naɪn mənθs, wən ɛg ə deɪ, waɪl ðə ˈəðər grup prəˈvaɪd ˈɛni ɛgz. iʧ wik, ðə ˈrisərʧərz wʊd ʃoʊ əp æt ðə hoʊmz əv ðə group,”*,” ənd geɪv aʊt ɛgz tɪ ðə ˈfæməliz. waɪl ɪn ðə families’*’ ˈhaʊsɪz, ðə ˈrisərʧərz wʊd juz ðət taɪm tɪ ˈgæðər ˈdætə ənd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn haʊ wɛl ðə ˈbeɪbiz wər duɪŋ. ðeɪ wʊd teɪk ðə haɪt ənd weɪt əv ðə ˈbeɪbiz, waɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈæskɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈɛni ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈprɑbləmz ðə ˈbeɪbiz maɪt hæv. ˈæftər sɪks mənθs, ðə ˈʧɪldrən hu kənˈsumd ɛgz ˈɛvəri deɪ wər sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˈtɔlər ənd ˈlɑrʤər. ˈhævɪŋ ə daɪət əv ɛgz rɪˈdust groʊθ stənts baɪ 47 pərˈsɛnt ənd wər 74 pərˈsɛnt lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈəndərˌweɪt, ðə rɪˈzəlts ʃoʊd. ɪn hoʊps əv ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðə lɪvz əv ˌəndərˈnərɪʃt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz, ðə ˈrisərʧərz ˈfəndɪd ə ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ əˈwɛrnəs kæmˈpeɪn ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrm ˈpipəl əˈbaʊt ðə hɛlθ ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈitɪŋ ɛgz. ðɪs taɪp əv ˈtæktɪk kʊd bi ˈhɛlpfəl ɪn kəmˈjunɪtiz wɛr ɛgz ə ˈkɑmən fud. ɛgz kʊd ˈivɪn eɪd ɪn ðə əˈbisəti ˈkraɪsəs, ɛz ə fud. ɪf ˌoʊvərˈweɪt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz hu ˈkərəntli it fudz wɪθ ə ˈɪnˌteɪk jɛt ər ˈɔlsoʊ loʊ ɪn ˈnutriənts ˌsəpləˌmɛntɪd ðiz fudz fər ɛgz, ˈlaɪkli bi ˈhɛlθiər ˈoʊvərˌɔl.
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public health researchers from across the united states and ecuador traveled to an impoverished area to provide undernourished babies with nutritious, inexpensive food packed with protein, vitamins and minerals — otherwise known as eggs.
worldwide, there are tens of millions of children who have stunted growth, many of whom are impoverished in live in areas where they have limited access to nutritious food. the world health organization has attempted to alleviate this issue by providing fortified food products to unfortunate areas. however, these foods are typically fairly expensive for poor families to afford and distribution might not reach certain remote areas of the world.
eggs, which are cheap and relatively easy to come by, can provide over 50 percent of critical daily nutrients to a baby.
the results of the study, published in the pediatrics journal, follow the researchers as they pursue their mission in a poor province ecuador, providing infants with one egg a day in order to study how much of a health impact it will create.
the researchers gathered up pairs of mothers and infants and split them into two separate groups. one group gave their babies, aged six to nine months, one egg a day, while the other group didn’t provide any eggs. each week, the researchers would show up at the homes of the “egg group,” and gave out eggs to the families.
while in the families’ houses, the researchers would use that time to gather data and information on how well the babies were doing. they would take the height and weight of the babies, while also asking about any medical problems the babies might have.
after six months, the children who consumed eggs every day were significantly taller and larger. having a diet of eggs reduced growth stunts by 47 percent and were 74 percent less likely to be underweight, the results showed.
in hopes of improving the lives of undernourished populations, the researchers funded a public health awareness campaign in order to inform people about the health benefits of eating eggs. this type of tactic could be helpful in communities where eggs aren’t a common food.
eggs could even aid in the obesity crisis, as they’re a well-balanced food. if overweight populations who currently eat foods with a high-calorie intake yet are also low in nutrients supplemented these foods for eggs, they’d likely be healthier overall.
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ðɪs ˈsəmər siz ə ʧeɪnʤ tɪ ðə ˈgreɪdɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ɪn ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈgɪtɪŋ ə greɪd frəm ə tɪ ʤi ˈstudənts wɪl naʊ (ɪn səm ˈsəbʤɪkts) gɪt ə ˈnəmbər frəm 9 tɪ 1 ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðɪs ɪz jɛt tɪ bi sin bət ɪt ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd ðət ˈvɛri fju wɪl geɪn ɪn ɔl ðɛr ˈsəbʤɪkts wɪʧ həz lɛd tɪ səm kraɪz əv ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ waɪ ər wi ˈpʊtɪŋ səʧ ˈprɛʃər ɔn ɑr jəŋ ˈpipəl? waɪ du wi kip ˈreɪzɪŋ ðə ˈhərdəlz, ˈmuvɪŋ ðə tɔp greɪd frəm ə tɪ ənd naʊ tɪ 9 wɪn wɪl ɪˈnəf bi ɪˈnəf? ˈhɪdən ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðiz kˈwɛsʧənz ɪz ə dɪˈsɛpʃən bɪˈkəz ən ə həz ˈnɛvər bɪn ɪˈnəf: ˈivɪn wɪn ɪt wɑz ðə haɪəst greɪd, ən ə wɑz nɑt ɪˈnəf tɪ gɪt ju ˈɪntu ðə tɔp ˌjunəˈvərsətiz. ju hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈnidɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ mɔr, ə spɑrk ðət wɑz pɪkt aʊt baɪ ˈɛntrəns ɪgˈzæmz ər ˈɪntərvˌjuz, ə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈsteɪtmənt ðət stʊd aʊt frəm ðə kraʊd, ə ðət ˈʃoʊˌkeɪst ə reɪnʤ əv səkˈsɛsɪz ənd traɪəmfs.
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this summer sees a change to the grading system in gcses – instead of getting a grade from a to g students will now (in some subjects) get a number from 9 to 1. the impact of this is yet to be seen but it is expected that very few will gain 9s in all their subjects which has led to some cries of outrage – why are we putting such pressure on our young people? why do we keep raising the hurdles, moving the top grade from a to a* and now to 9? when will enough be enough?
hidden inside these questions is a deception because an a has never been enough: even when it was the highest grade, an a was not enough to get you into the top universities. you have always needed something more, a spark that was picked out by entrance exams or interviews, a personal statement that stood out from the crowd, a cv that showcased a range of successes and triumphs.
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ˈdeɪvɪd ɪz ə juʤ ʤɛts fæn. hɪz ˈflɔrɪdə ˈlaɪsəns pleɪt ɪz jtsfn*, hɪz grɪl ɪz grin ənd waɪt ənd hi drɛst ɛz rɛks raɪən fər ˈkrɪsməs. noʊ, nɑt ˌhæləˈwin. ˈkrɪsməs. soʊ wɪn wɑz ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈrɛdi fər ə trɪp bæk tɪ nu jɔrk, wɛr hi wɑz bɔrn ənd reɪzd, hi θɔt hid gɪv ɪt ə traɪ: gɪt tɪ flaɪ ɪm hoʊm ɪn ɪts ʤɛts pleɪn. ɛz pɑrt əv ɪts ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə ʤɛts, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz bɪn flaɪɪŋ əraʊnd ə pleɪn ræpt wɪθ ə ʤɛts ˈloʊgoʊ sɪns ɑkˈtoʊbər 2010 wɛr ɪt flaɪz tɪ ənd frəm ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli ˈrændəm, bət ðɪs ʤɛts fæn ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðət. ɔn ˈɔgəst. 23 ə wik ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz flaɪt, (@bægz) tɪ ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz, hu hæv bɪn ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈæktɪv ɔn tˈwɪtər. ðə twit riʧt ɪts ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd ˈtɑrgəts: ˈmɑrti st*. ʤɔrʤ, ðə ˈɛˌrlaɪnz vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈmɑrkətɪŋ, ˈdeɪvɪd ˈbɑrʤər, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ, ənd ku rɑb maruster*. ðə nɛkst ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ˈbɑrʤər sɛnt ðə twit əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˈkɑmɛnt "ləv ɪt!" tɪ hɪz vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈɛrˌpɔrt ənd ˈsɪstəm ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ˈæləks bɑˈtɑgliə, noʊn ɔn tˈwɪtər ɛz @b6airportguy*. ə fju aʊərz ˈleɪtər, ðə meɪn əˈkaʊnt tɪ: "aɪ wɑz ˈsupər ɪkˈsaɪtɪd,", ə hɛlθ kɛr əˈtərni, toʊld espn.com*. "aɪ ˈdɪdənt tɛl tu ˈmɛni ˈpipəl bɪˈkəz aɪ ˈdɪdənt wɔnt tɪ ʤɪŋks ɪt." ˈdeɪvɪd ɪn hɪz rɛks raɪən ˈkɑstum. ˈkərtəsi əv ˈdeɪvɪd ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, hi ʃoʊd əp æt ðə ˈɛrˌpɔrt ɪn ə ʤɛts ˈtiˌsərt fər ðə flaɪt ənd ʃʊr ɪˈnəf, wɪn hi ʧɛkt ɪn, ðɛr wɑz ðə pleɪn ɪn ɪts grin ənd waɪt ˈglɔri. "aɪ θɪŋk ɪts soʊ greɪt ðət ənd ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz ər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ækˈsɛsəbəl tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk ənd rɪˈspɑndɪŋ tɪ θɪŋz laɪk ðɪs," sɛd. "ɪt ˈrɪli hɛlps ˈpipəl kəˈnɛkt wɪθ ə ˈkəmpəˌni." fər ɪts pɑrt, ˈspoʊksmən ˈmɔrgən ˈʤɑnstən sɪz ɪt wɑz ðə fərst taɪm ðə ˈɛˌrlaɪn ˈɛvər gɑt ə rɪkˈwɛst frəm ə ˈpæsənʤər tɪ spəˈsɪfɪkli hæv ðə ʤɛts pleɪn flaɪ ɪm hoʊm, ðoʊ ˈʤɑnstən sɛd ɪt həz ˈhæpənd ˌbiˈfɔr wɪθ səm əv ðə ˈkəmpəniz ˈəðər spɔrts pleɪnz ə rɛd sɑks wən ənd wən dreɪpt ɪn ril sɔlt leɪk ˈloʊˌgoʊz. "wi sɔ hɪz twit ənd ɪt ˈwəzənt hɑrd tɪ ˈskɛʤʊl ðə pleɪn tɪ flaɪ ɪm hoʊm," ˈʤɑnstən sɛd. "naʊ wi ˈɑbviəsli kænt hæv ɑr ˈkəstəmərz ˈdɪkˌteɪtɪŋ ðɛr rʊts ɔl ðə taɪm, bət wɪn wi kən ˈlɪsən tɪ ɑr ˈkəstəmərz, riækt kˈwɪkli ənd du ˈsəmθɪŋ kul, wi ˈɑbviəsli meɪk ðə ˈɛfərt tɪ du soʊ." ˈæftər ˈsɛvərəl ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl ˈpəblɪk riˈleɪʃənz dɪˈzæstərz, həz dɪˈvoʊtɪd mɔr əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ˈriʧɪŋ aʊt tɪ ɪts ˈkəstəmərz. æt mɔr ðən ˈmɪljən ˈfɑloʊərz, ɪz nɑt ˈoʊnli ðə ˈɛˌrlaɪn, ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈməŋ ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz ɔn tˈwɪtər.
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david baghdassarian is a huge jets fan.
his florida license plate is jtsfn, his tailgating grill is green and white and he dressed as rex ryan for christmas. no, not halloween. christmas.
so when baghdassarian was getting ready for a trip back to new york, where he was born and raised, he thought he'd give it a try: get jetblue to fly him home in its jets plane.
as part of its partnership with the jets, the company has been flying around a plane wrapped with a jets logo since october 2010. where it flies to and from is usually random, but this jets fan wanted to change that.
on aug. 23, a week before his flight, baghdassarian (@bags) tweeted to jetblue executives, who have been particularly active on twitter.
the tweet reached its intended targets: marty st. george, the airline's vice president of marketing, david barger, jetblue's ceo, and coo rob maruster.
the next morning, barger sent the tweet along with the comment "love it!" to his vice president of airport and system operations, alex battaglia, known on twitter as @b6airportguy.
a few hours later, the main @jetblue account tweeted to baghdassarian:
"i was super excited," baghdassarian, a 40-year-old health care attorney, told espn.com. "i didn't tell too many people because i didn't want to jinx it."
david baghdassarian in his rex ryan costume. courtesy of david baghdassarian
on thursday, he showed up at the airport in a jets t-shirt for the flight and sure enough, when he checked in, there was the plane in its green and white glory.
"i think it's so great that ceos and executives are making themselves accessible to the public and responding to things like this," baghdassarian said. "it really helps people connect with a company."
for its part, jetblue spokesman morgan johnston says it was the first time the airline ever got a request from a passenger to specifically have the jets plane fly him home, though johnston said it has happened before with some of the company's other sports planes -- a red sox one and one draped in real salt lake logos.
"we saw his tweet and it wasn't hard to schedule the plane to fly him home," johnston said. "now we obviously can't have our customers dictating their routes all the time, but when we can listen to our customers, react quickly and do something cool, we obviously make the effort to do so."
after several high-profile public relations disasters, jetblue has devoted more attention to reaching out to its customers. at more than 1.6 million followers, jetblue is not only the most-followed airline, it is also among the most-followed companies on twitter.
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aɪ θɪŋk seɪf tɪ seɪ ðət aʊt əv ðə bæg. ə ˈfɔrmər tɛk eɪd tɪ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən wɔnts ən ˌɪmˈjunɪti dil wɪθ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs kɛpt kwaɪət. ðə ɪz ˈkərəntli ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ juz əv ə ˈpraɪvət iˈmeɪl əˈkaʊnt ənd ˈsərvər waɪl ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv steɪt. ʤɑʃ ˈgərstin fər pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ: ə ˈlɔjər fər braɪən səbˈmɪtəd ə sild ˈmoʊʃən ənd ɪgˈzɪbəts tɪ juz. ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt ʤəʤ ˈɛmɪt ˈsəlɪvən ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun, lɛs ðən tu aʊərz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə 5 p.m*. ˈdɛˌdlaɪn ˈsəlɪvən sɛt fər ðə ˈfaɪlɪŋ əv ˌɪmˈjunɪti əˈgrimənt. ə ˈligəl ˌmɛmərˈændəm faɪld ˈpəblɪkli ˈtuzˌdeɪ kənˈfərmz fər ðə fərst taɪm ðət riʧt səʧ ən ˌɪmˈjunɪti əˈgrimənt, ənd leɪz aʊt ˈɑrgjəmənts fər waɪ hi ʃʊd stɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈsərt hɪz fɪθ əˈmɛndmənt raɪt əˈgɛnst ɪn ə ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ækt sut ə kənˈsərvətɪv grup, ʤuˈdɪʃəl wɔʧ, ɪz pərˈsuɪŋ ˈoʊvər iˈmeɪl ˈsɛˌtəp. ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt ˈɔlsoʊ steɪts ðət həz faɪld ə ˈmoʊʃən tɪ kip hɪz ˌɪmˈjunɪti əˈgrimənt ˈəndər sil. ðə ˈbætəl ˈoʊvər ˈwɛðər tɪ meɪk ˌɪmˈjunɪti əˈgrimənt ˈpəblɪk ɪz ən ənˈhɛlpfəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt fər ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn. ðə dɪˈskəʃən ˈoʊvər ðə ˈditeɪlz əv ðə dil ˈkɛriz ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz ðət ˈsəmˌwən ˌɪnˈvɑlvd meɪ hæv kəˈmɪtɪd ə kraɪm, ˌɔlˈðoʊ noʊ wən həz bɪn ʧɑrʤd. ɛz aɪ prɪˈdɪktɪd læst jɪr, ɪf ðɛr ɪz ˈɛni hoʊp fər ˈfaɪndɪŋ ə ʧɪŋk ɪn ˈɑrmər, ɪt wɪl bi ˈviə wən əv hər eɪdz. bət aɪ daɪˈgrɛs. bæk tɪ ðə ˈstɔri: wɑz ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ bi dɪˈpoʊzd ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ɪn ðə ʤuˈdɪʃəl wɔʧ ˈlɔˌsut. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈsəlɪvən poʊstˈpoʊnd ðə ˌdɛpəˈzɪʃən ˈæftər ˈlɔjərz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðə ˈfɔrmər tɛk eɪd plænd tɪ əˈsərt hɪz fɪθ əˈmɛndmənt raɪt. ɪn ðə ˈɔrdər dɪˈleɪɪŋ ðə ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni, hi ˈɔrdərd tɪ faɪl ə ˈligəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ˈʤəstəˌfaɪɪŋ hɪz plænd əˈsərʃən ɛz wɛl ɛz ə ˈkɑpi əv ən ˌɪmˈjunɪti əˈgrimənt ˈəndər wɪʧ ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈklɪntən eɪd rɪˈpɔrtədli geɪv ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni tɪ ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ əˈbaʊt hɪz roʊl ɪn ðə ˈpraɪvət ˈsərvər ərˈeɪnʤmənt. naʊ, ˈsəlɪvən wɪl hæv tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ˈwɛðər ðə ˌɪmˈjunɪti əˈgrimənt ʃʊd bi meɪd ˈpəblɪk ər kɛpt ˈəndər sil. moʊst kɔrt ˈrɛkərdz ər əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk, bət ˈʤəʤɪz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz pʊt ðɛm ɔf ˈlɪmɪts fər ˈpraɪvəsi ˈrizənz ər tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz. ɪn ə nu ˈɔrdər ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun, ˈsəlɪvən geɪv ʤuˈdɪʃəl wɔʧ ənd ˈgəvərnmənt ˈlɔjərz ənˈtɪl ˈfraɪˌdeɪ æt nun tɪ ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ˈwɛðər ðeɪ əˈpoʊz ˈɛfərt tɪ faɪl hɪz ˌɪmˈjunɪti əˈgrimənt ˈəndər sil. ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ traɪɪŋ tɪ kip ə nu ˈfaɪlɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈklɪntən keɪs ˈsikrɪt: ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ həz æst ə ˈfɛdərəl ʤəʤ fər pərˈmɪʃən tɪ faɪl ə ˈsɛkənd ˈsikrɪt ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən dɪˈteɪlɪŋ ɪts proʊb ˈɪntu ˈhɪləri ˈpraɪvət iˈmeɪl ˈsərvər. ɪn ðə rɪkˈwɛst, wɪʧ keɪm ɛz pɑrt əv ə ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ækt (ˈɛˈfoʊˈaɪˈeɪ) ˈlɔˌsut, ðə ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈɔfərd fər ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ tɪ prəˈvaɪd details”*” əˈbaʊt haʊ ɪt ə ˈrizənəbəl sərʧ fər records”*” ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˈoʊpən ˈrɛkərdz keɪs ənd ðət ðɛr wər noʊ ˈrɛkərdz responsive.”*.” ˈditeɪlz ˌsəpləˈmɛnt ʃoʊɪŋ ðət ɪt kənˈdəktəd ə ˈrizənəbəl sərʧ, bət ˈkænɑt bi dɪˈskloʊzd ɔn ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛkərd wɪˈθaʊt ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðət ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ siks tɪ protect,”*,” ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt sɛd ɪn ə ˈfaɪlɪŋ leɪt ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ. ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ɪz nɑt rikˈwaɪərd tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈfɛdərəl ˈstæʧut ðət ɪt əˈlɛʤɪz həz bɪn ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ɪn kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ ðə ˈpɛndɪŋ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ər ðə target(s*) əv ðə investigation,”*,” ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kip ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈsikrɪt, ɪt əˈsərtəd. bət heɪ, æt list ðə fərst ˈwʊmən ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˌnɑməˈni, raɪt? ˈfɑloʊ ɔn tˈwɪtər
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i think safe to say that cat’s out of the bag.
a former tech aide to hillary clinton wants an immunity deal with the department of justice kept quiet. the doj is currently investigating hillary’s use of a private email account and home-brewed server while secretary of state.
josh gerstein for politico:
a lawyer for bryan pagliano submitted a sealed motion and exhibits to u.s. district court judge emmet sullivan tuesday afternoon, less than two hours before the 5 p.m. deadline sullivan set for the filing of pagliano’s immunity agreement. a legal memorandum filed publicly tuesday confirms for the first time that pagliano reached such an immunity agreement, and lays out arguments for why he should still be able to assert his fifth amendment right against self-incrimination in a freedom of information act suit a conservative group, judicial watch, is pursuing over clinton’s email set-up. the document also states that pagliano has filed a motion to keep his immunity agreement under seal. the battle over whether to make pagliano’s immunity agreement public is an unhelpful development for clinton’s presidential campaign. the discussion over the details of the deal carries implications that someone involved may have committed a crime, although no one has been charged.
as i predicted last year, if there is any hope for finding a chink in clinton’s armor, it will be via one of her aides. but i digress. back to the story:
pagliano was scheduled to be deposed on monday in the judicial watch lawsuit. however, sullivan postponed the deposition after pagliano’s lawyers indicated the former tech aide planned to assert his fifth amendment right. in the judge’s order delaying the testimony, he ordered pagliano to file a legal explanation justifying his planned assertion as well as a copy of an immunity agreement under which the former clinton aide reportedly gave testimony to the fbi about his role in the private server arrangement. now, sullivan will have to decide whether the immunity agreement should be made public or kept under seal. most court records are available to the public, but judges sometimes put them off limits for privacy reasons or to protect ongoing investigations. in a new order tuesday afternoon, sullivan gave judicial watch and government lawyers until friday at noon to indicate whether they oppose pagliano’s effort to file his immunity agreement under seal.
the fbi is also trying to keep a new filing in the clinton case secret:
the fbi has asked a federal judge for permission to file a second secret declaration detailing its probe into hillary clinton’s private email server. in the request, which came as part of a freedom of information act (foia) lawsuit, the justice department offered for the fbi to provide “additional details” about how it “conducted a reasonable search for records” as part of the open records case and “determined that there were no records responsive.” “these details supplement defendant’s showing that it conducted a reasonable search, but cannot be disclosed on the public record without compromising information that the fbi seeks to protect,” the department said in a filing late monday evening. … “[t]he fbi is not required to identify a particular federal statute that it alleges has been violated in connection with the pending investigation, or the target(s) of the investigation,” in order to keep the information secret, it asserted.
but hey, at least she’s the first woman presidential nominee, right?
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ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðə ˈneɪʃən dɔθ ˈproʊˌtɛst tu məʧ. ðə reɪp ðət ʃʊk ðə ˈneɪʃən ˈhæpənd ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2012 tu jɪrz hæv pæst ˈplɛnti əv taɪm fər sɪŋ tɪ məl ˈoʊvər wət ˈhæpənd. bət fɑr frəm ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ˈɛni rɪˈmɔrs æt hɪz roʊl ɔn ðət ˈfeɪtfəl naɪt, sɪŋ wɑz stɪl əˈgrɛsɪvli ˈbleɪmɪŋ ðə ˈvɪktɪm ɪn hɪz ˈɪntərvˌju. ˈdisənt gərl woʊnt roʊm əraʊnd æt 9 əˈklɑk æt naɪt. ə gərl ɪz fɑr mɔr riˈspɑnsəbəl fər reɪp ðən ə boy.”*.” biɪŋ reɪpt, ʃi ˈʃʊdənt faɪt bæk. ʃi ʃʊd ʤɪst bi ˈsaɪlənt ənd əˈlaʊ ðə reɪp. ðɛn ðeɪd hæv drɑpt hər ɔf ˈæftər 'duɪŋ hər', ənd ˈoʊnli hɪt ðə bɔɪ." "ˈhaʊsˌwərk ənd ˈhaʊˌskipɪŋ ɪz fər gərlz, nɑt ˈroʊmɪŋ ɪn ˈdɪskoʊz ənd bɑrz æt naɪt duɪŋ rɔŋ θɪŋz, ˈwɛrɪŋ rɔŋ kloʊðz. əˈbaʊt 20 pər sɛnt əv gərlz ər gʊd." hɪz ˈsteɪtmənts, ˈbreɪzənli ˌənrɪˈpɛntənt, hæv kɔzd ə greɪt əv ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. bət ðɛn sɪŋ wɑz pɑrt əv ə grup əv θəgz hu rɪˈpitɪdli ˈbrutəˌlaɪzd ə jəŋ ˈwʊmən wɪθ ən aɪərn rɑd. dɪd wi stɪl nid əˈdɪʃənəl pruf əv hɪz bɛsˈʧælɪti? ər ɪz ɪt ˈsəmˌhaʊ mɔr ril bɪˈkəz ɪt naʊ kəmz wɪθ ə ˌbibiˈsi ˌsərtəfəˈkeɪʃən? sɪŋ wɑz ˈɪntərvˌjud ɛz pɑrt əv ə ˌbibiˈsi ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri kɔld ˈdɔtər. ðɛr, hi ɪz pɑrt əv ə ˈlɑrʤər ˈstɔri. bət ðə nuz ˈstɔriz ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn hɪz ˈsteɪtmənts əˈloʊn ənd ðə ˈfləri əv nuz ˈkəvərɪʤ əv ʤɪst hɪz ˈsteɪtmənts ɪn ˈmidiə əˈkrɔs ðə wərld ˈɔlsoʊ gɪv ðə kənˈvɪktəd ˈreɪpɪst ə sɔrt əv ˈmidiə ˈplætˌfɔrm hi dɪz nɑt dɪˈzərv. ənˈklɪr wət wi ˈivɪn ɪkˈspɛkt frəm ðɪs mæn æt ðɪs pɔɪnt. hi həz bɪn kənˈvɪktəd ənd ɪz ˈsɛntənst tɪ daɪ. ɪf hi hæd ɪkˈsprɛst rɪˈmɔrs wʊd ðət hæv ʧeɪnʤd hɪz feɪt æt ɔl? naʊ du wi fil mɔr ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd əˈbaʊt hɪz ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən? ˌɪnˈstɛd hɪz ˈɪntərvˌju bɪˈkəmz ˈfɑdər fər ˈizi ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ. kɔlz əˈbaʊnd fər ˈpəblɪk ˈlɪnʧɪŋz ənd ˌkæˈstreɪʃən ənd dɛθ. hɪz aʊˈtlændɪʃ prəˈnaʊnsmənts əˈlaʊ ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs tɪ fil ə sməg ˈmɔrəl ˌsupɪriˈɔrɪti, hɪz ˈkɑmɛnts bɪˈkəm ə ˈlɪtməs tɛst tɪ ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈjuˈɛs frəm ðɛm. bət ɪf ju fərˈgɛt fər ə ˈmɪnət ðə ˈbrutəl ənd ˈʃɑkɪŋ ˈditeɪlz əv ðə hi həz bɪn kənˈvɪktəd əv, ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz wʊd nɑt saʊnd ðət aʊt əv pleɪs ɪn ðə maʊðz əv ˈmɛni ˈɪndiənz. "ʃi ɪz drɛst ɪn ə ˈmænər ðət ˈpipəl gɪt əˈtræktəd tɪ hər. ɪn fækt, ʃi wɔnts ðɛm tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ her.”*.” "ə gərl hu gɪts ˈɪntu ə kɑr wɪθ bɔɪz ɪz ˈnɛvər ˈɪnəsənt. ɪf ʃi dɪz, ʃi ˈdɛfənətli həz ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ æt list wən əv ðɛm." "ɪf gərlz steɪ wɪˈθɪn ðɛr ˈbaʊndəriz, ɪf ðeɪ wɛr əˈproʊpriˌeɪt kloʊðz, ðɛn ˈnæʧərəli ðɛr ɪz əˈtrækʃən. ðɪs əˈtrækʃən meɪks mɛn əˈgrɛsɪv, ˈprɑmptɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ʤɪst du ɪt." ðiz ər noʊ ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈsɪtɪzənz. ðiz wər pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz kɔt ɪn ə stɪŋ. sɪŋ ɪz nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli hu θɪŋks girls”*” roʊm əraʊnd ˈæftər 9 piɛm. ðə ˈlɔjərz hu dɪˈfɛndɪd ðə keɪs wər nɑt məʧ ˈbɛtər. wən əv ðɛm ə pi sɪŋ hæd ðɪs ʤɛm əv ən ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən: ɪf maɪ ˈdɔtər ər ˈsɪstər ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ækˈtɪvɪtiz ənd dɪsˈgreɪst hərˈsɛlf ənd əˈlaʊd hərˈsɛlf tɪ luz feɪs ənd ˈkɛrɪktər baɪ duɪŋ səʧ θɪŋz, aɪ wʊd moʊst ˈsərtənli teɪk ðɪs sɔrt əv ˈsɪstər ər ˈdɔtər tɪ maɪ ˈfɑrmˌhaʊs, ənd ɪn frənt əv maɪ ɪnˈtaɪər ˈfæməli, aɪ wʊd pʊt ˈpɛtroʊl ɔn hər ənd sɛt hər əˈlaɪt." noʊ ˈwəndər ðə ˈɪndiən səˈprim kɔrt dɪˈklɛrd ðət ˈdɛli wɑz ən ““unsafe”*” ˈsɪti fər ˈwɪmən. ə ˈsərˌveɪ əv ˈdɛli mɛn ðət keɪm aʊt ɪn 2012 faʊnd ðət 52 fɛlt ɪt wɑz ˌoʊˈkeɪ tɪ pæs ˈkɑmɛnts ɔn ˈwɪmən ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ɪt gɪt ˈfɪzɪkəl ənd mɔr ðən hæf əv ðoʊz ˈsərˌveɪd fɛlt ˈwɪmən ˌɪnˈvaɪt ðə bɪˈheɪvjər baɪ ðə weɪ ðeɪ drɛst ənd bɪˈheɪvd. ɛz ˈglɔriə ˈstaɪnəm sɪz: "raɪt naʊ, ðə ˈvɪktɪm stɪl meɪ bi ˈpənɪʃt mɔr ðən ðə ˈkrɪmənəl, mɛn meɪ əˈsɔlt ˈfiˌmeɪlz tɪ ˈpənɪʃ ˈəðər mɛn, ənd ˈvɪktəmaɪzd ˈfiˌmeɪlz ər ˈɔfən ˈpənɪʃt mɔr ðən ðə meɪlz hu ˈvɪktəmaɪzd ðɛm." ðə ˈsɪstəm ɪn ˈɪndiə ɪz ˈlɪvɪŋ pruf əv ðət mɛnˈtælɪti. sɪŋ, ə sləm dˈwɛlər ˈmɪrli riˈɪtərˌeɪs wət ˈmɛni ˈəðərz θɪŋk ʤɪst ɪn ˈlæŋgwɪʤ mɔr blənt ənd krud. ɑr ʃɑk æt hɪz ˈsteɪtmənt haɪdz ðə mɔr ˈʃɑkɪŋ fækt ðət ˈmɛni ɪn ðə ˈkəntri rɪˈmeɪn hɪz ˈbrəðər ˈəndər ðə skɪn, wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˈbleɪmɪŋ ðə ˈvɪktɪm. ɑr ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ bɪˈkəmz ə weɪ tɪ blaɪnd ɑrˈsɛlvz tɪ ðə ˈlɑrʤər ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ əv ə ˈkəlʧər ənd soʊˈsaɪɪti ðət ɪz kwɪk tɪ bleɪm ðə ˈvɪktɪm fər wət ʃi wɔr, wət ʃi eɪt, ənd wɪn ʃi wɛnt aʊt. sɪŋ maɪt bi ˌənrɪˈpɛntənt bət æt list hi ɪz peɪɪŋ fər hɪz kraɪmz. ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs soʊ ˌkævəˈlɪr əˈbaʊt ˈbleɪmɪŋ ðə ˈvɪktɪm fər ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɪt ɔn ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪˈskeɪp ənˈskeɪðd. ɪz naʊ ɔn. fər ðə ˈleɪtəst æˈnælɪsɪs, ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ənd nuz ˈəpˌdeɪts, saɪn əp fər ɑr ˈsərvɪsɪz. ʤɪst goʊ tɪ ənd hɪt ðə səbˈskraɪb ˈbətən.
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sometimes the nation doth protest too much.
the rape that shook the nation happened in december 2012. two years have passed – plenty of time for mukesh singh to mull over what happened. but far from expressing any remorse at his role on that fateful night, singh was still aggressively blaming the victim in his interview.
“a decent girl won't roam around at 9 o'clock at night. a girl is far more responsible for rape than a boy.”
“when being raped, she shouldn't fight back. she should just be silent and allow the rape. then they'd have dropped her off after 'doing her', and only hit the boy."
"housework and housekeeping is for girls, not roaming in discos and bars at night doing wrong things, wearing wrong clothes. about 20 per cent of girls are good."
his statements, brazenly unrepentant, have caused a great furore of outrage on social media. but then singh was part of a group of thugs who repeatedly brutalized a young woman with an iron rod. did we still need additional proof of his bestiality? or is it somehow more real because it now comes with a bbc certification?
singh was interviewed as part of a bbc documentary called india’s daughter. there, he is part of a larger story. but the news stories focus on his statements alone and the flurry of news coverage of just his statements in media across the world also give the convicted rapist a sort of media platform he does not deserve.
it’s unclear what we even expect from this man at this point. he has been convicted and is sentenced to die. if he had expressed remorse would that have changed his fate at all? now do we feel more justified about his execution?
instead his interview becomes fodder for easy outrage. calls abound for public lynchings and castration and death. his outlandish pronouncements allow the rest of us to feel a smug moral superiority, his comments become a litmus test to separate us from them.
but if you forget for a minute the brutal and shocking details of the gang-rape he has been convicted of, singh’s observations would not sound that out of place in the mouths of many law-abiding indians.
"she is dressed in a manner that people get attracted to her. in fact, she wants them to do something to her.”
"a girl who gets into a car with boys is never innocent. if she does, she definitely has a relationship with at least one of them."
"if girls don’t stay within their boundaries, if they don’t wear appropriate clothes, then naturally there is attraction. this attraction makes men aggressive, prompting them to just do it."
these are no ordinary citizens. these were police officers caught in a tehelka sting. mukesh singh is not the only who thinks “decent girls” don’t roam around after 9 pm. the lawyers who defended the case were not much better. one of them a p singh had this gem of an observation:
if my daughter or sister engaged in pre-marital activities and disgraced herself and allowed herself to lose face and character by doing such things, i would most certainly take this sort of sister or daughter to my farmhouse, and in front of my entire family, i would put petrol on her and set her alight."
no wonder the indian supreme court declared that delhi was an “unsafe” city for women.
a survey of delhi men that came out in 2012 found that 52% felt it was okay to pass comments on women as long as it didn’t get physical and more than half of those surveyed felt women invite the behavior by the way they dressed and behaved.
as gloria steinem says:
"right now, the victim still may be punished more than the criminal, men may assault females to punish other men, and victimized females are often punished more than the males who victimized them."
the system in india is living proof of that mentality. mukesh singh, a slum dweller merely reiterates what many others think just in language that’s more blunt and crude. our shock at his statement hides the more shocking fact that many in the country remain his brother under the skin, when it comes to blaming the victim. our outrage becomes a way to blind ourselves to the larger outrage of a culture and society that is quick to blame the victim for what she wore, what she ate, and when she went out. singh might be unrepentant but at least he is paying for his crimes. the rest of us so cavalier about blaming the victim for bringing it on themselves escape unscathed.
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baɪ baɪ ˈmɑrkəs dɛk 30 2011 ɪn hɛlθ ə ˈstədi ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl əv ˈklɪnɪkəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən (jci*) ɔn dɛk. 27 2011 səˈʤɛsts ðɛr ɪz ə lɪŋk bɪtˈwin əˈbisəti ənd breɪn ˈdæmɪʤ. ðə ˈstədi wɑz əˈneɪbəl, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, tɪ dɪˈtərmən ɪf əˈbisəti ɪz kɔzd baɪ breɪn ˈdæmɪʤ ər ɪz ðə kɔz əv breɪn ˈdæmɪʤ. haɪ fæt daɪət ˈɪnʤərz ˈroʊdənts wɪˈθɪn 24 aʊərz əv ðɛr daɪət swɪʧ ˈrisərʧərz faʊnd ðə ˈroʊdənts bɪˈgæn tɪ ʃoʊ ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən ɪn ə pɑrt əv ðɛr ˈfɔrˌbreɪn noʊn ɛz ðə. ɪn ˈjumənz ɛz ɪn ˈroʊdənts, ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪts ðə fæt ənd ˈɛnərʤi ɑr ˈbɑdi bərnz ənd teɪks ˈsɪgnəlz frəm fæt ˈtɪʃu ənd ˈriˌleɪz ðɛm tɪ ðə breɪn; ðiz ˈsɪgnəlz tɛl ðə breɪn ˈiðər wiv hæd ɪˈnəf fud ər nɑt hæd ɪˈnəf fud. ˈdɑktər. ʃwɔrts, kˈwoʊtɪd baɪ ˈʃɛrən ˈkərki əv əˈbis ˈjumənz: ˌɪnˈkrist breɪn ˈskɑrɪŋ ðə nɛkst stɛp fər ˈrisərʧərz wɑz tɪ kəmˈpɛr breɪn skænz əv 34 ˈjumənz ənd ðeɪ faʊnd əˈbis ˈpipəl hæd mɔr ˈskɑrɪŋ ɪn ðə, ˈskɑrɪŋ kɔld, ðən dɪd ðə breɪnz əv ðə ˈsəbʤɪkts hu wər əv ˈnɔrməl weɪt. ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ˈlɑrʤər ðə əˈbis ˈpərsən wɑz. "wi doʊnt noʊ ðɪs ɪz ə kɔz əv əˈbisəti, ər ə ˈkɑnsəkwəns əv əˈbisəti," ʃwɔrts sɛd. "(bət) ɪt səˈʤɛsts ðət wət wiv sin ɪn ðə maʊs ənd ræts ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈkərɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈjumən." ðɪs ˈskɑrɪŋ ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt tɪ weɪt, ˈdɑktər. ʃwɔrts sɛd, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈskɑrɪŋ əv ðə breɪn ˈɔltərz haʊ boʊθ ˈɪnsələn ənd ə ˈhɔrˌmoʊn kɔld ˈlɛptɪn ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn səʧ ə weɪ ðət ðə breɪn gɪts ðə rɔŋ aɪˈdiə əˈbaʊt ðə əˈmaʊnt əv fæt ənd ˈɛnərʤi ðə ˈbɑdi həz stɔrd. ˈluzɪŋ weɪt ðɛn bɪˈkəmz ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk bɪˈkəz ðə breɪn ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ kənˈkluʒənz əˈbaʊt fæt ənd ˈɛnərʤi ðət ər mɪsˈlidɪŋ. ``ðɪs meɪ hɛlp tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ɪts soʊ hɑrd fər əˈbis ˈpipəl ðeɪ kən luz weɪt bət ðeɪ kænt kip ɪt ɔf bɪˈkəz ðɛr ɪz ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɛm ɛz ˈbeɪsɪkli weɪɪŋ ðə raɪt əˈmaʊnt.'' ɪn ðə ˈstədi, ɛnˈtaɪtəld əˈbisəti ɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˌhaɪpoʊθəˈlæmɪk ˈɪnʤəri ɪn ˈroʊdənts ənd ˈjumənz, ðə ˈrisərʧərz, lɛd baɪ ˈdɑktər. ˈmaɪkəl ʃwɔrts əv ðə ˌdaɪəˈbitiz ənd əˈbisəti ˈsɛnər əv ˈɛksələns, ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən skul əv ˈmɛdəsən, juzd ə kəˈlɛkʃən əv ræts ənd maɪs hu wər ʤəˈnɛtɪkli brɛd tɪ bi əˈbis. ˌɪˈnɪʃəli fɛd ə ˈrɛgjələr daɪ, ðə ˈroʊdənts wər ˈteɪkən ɔf ðət daɪət ənd pleɪst əˈpɑn ə 24 aʊərz əv ðɛr daɪət swɪʧ ˈrisərʧərz faʊnd ðə ˈroʊdənts bɪˈgæn tɪ ʃoʊ ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən ɪn ə pɑrt əv ðɛr ˈfɔrˌbreɪn noʊn ɛz ðə. ɪn ˈjumənz ɛz ɪn ˈroʊdənts, ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪts ðə fæt ənd ˈɛnərʤi ɑr ˈbɑdi bərnz ənd teɪks ˈsɪgnəlz frəm fæt ˈtɪʃu ənd ˈriˌleɪz ðɛm tɪ ðə ˈsɪgnəlz tɛl ðə breɪn ˈiðər wiv hæd ɪˈnəf fud ər nɑt hæd ɪˈnəf food.dr*. ʃwɔrts, kˈwoʊtɪd baɪ ˈʃɛrən ˈkərki əv nuz sɛd breɪn skænz ʃoʊd ðɛr wɑz "dɪˈrɛkt ˈɛvədəns əv ˈnʊrɑn ˈɪnʤəri" ənd ðət ˈæftər mənθs ɔn ðə daɪət ðɛr wɑz "ə lɔs əv ˈnʊrɑnz ɪn ðɪs ˌhaɪpoʊθəˈlæmɪk ˈɛriə ðæts ˈvaɪtəl fər ˈbɑdi weɪt kənˈtroʊl." ðə ˈrisərʧərz kənˈkludɪd ðət ðə ˈɔnˌsɛt əv ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃən minz sˈwɪʧɪŋ tɪ ə daɪət ɪz ɪn fækt "ˈɪnʤərɪŋ ðə ˈnʊrɑnz ðət ər səˈpoʊzd tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðɛm frəm nɛkst stɛp fər ˈrisərʧərz wɑz tɪ kəmˈpɛr breɪn skænz əv 34 ˈjumənz ənd ðeɪ faʊnd əˈbis ˈpipəl hæd mɔr ˈskɑrɪŋ ɪn ðə, ˈskɑrɪŋ kɔld, ðən dɪd ðə breɪnz əv ðə ˈsəbʤɪkts hu wər əv ˈnɔrməl weɪt. ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˌɪnˈkrist ðə ˈlɑrʤər ðə əˈbis ˈpərsən wɑz. "wi doʊnt noʊ ðɪs ɪz ə kɔz əv əˈbisəti, ər ə ˈkɑnsəkwəns əv əˈbisəti," ʃwɔrts sɛd. "(bət) ɪt səˈʤɛsts ðət wət wiv sin ɪn ðə maʊs ənd ræts ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈkərɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈskɑrɪŋ ɪz sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt tɪ weɪt, ˈdɑktər. ʃwɔrts sɛd, bɪˈkəz ðə ˈskɑrɪŋ əv ðə breɪn ˈɔltərz haʊ boʊθ ˈɪnsələn ənd ə ˈhɔrˌmoʊn kɔld ˈlɛptɪn ˈfəŋkʃən ɪn səʧ ə weɪ ðət ðə breɪn gɪts ðə rɔŋ aɪˈdiə əˈbaʊt ðə əˈmaʊnt əv fæt ənd ˈɛnərʤi ðə ˈbɑdi həz stɔrd. ˈluzɪŋ weɪt ðɛn bɪˈkəmz ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk bɪˈkəz ðə breɪn ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ kənˈkluʒənz əˈbaʊt fæt ənd ˈɛnərʤi ðət ər meɪ hɛlp tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ɪts soʊ hɑrd fər əˈbis ˈpipəl ðeɪ kən luz weɪt bət ðeɪ kænt kip ɪt ɔf bɪˈkəz ðɛr ɪz ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɛm ɛz ˈbeɪsɪkli weɪɪŋ ðə raɪt əˈmaʊnt.'' mɔr əˈbaʊt ˈstədi ɔn breɪnz ənd əˈbisəti, əˈbisəti ənd breɪn ˈɪnʤəri, lɪŋk bɪtˈwin əˈbisəti ənd breɪn ˈdæmɪʤ, ˌoʊvərˈweɪt, weɪt geɪn ˈstədi ɔn breɪnz ənd əˈbisəti ənd breɪn ɪn... lɪŋk bɪtˈwin əˈbisəti... ˌoʊvərˈweɪt weɪt geɪn ˈgluˌkoʊs ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn oʊ...
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by by marcus hondro dec 30, 2011 in health a study published in the journal of clinical investigation (jci) on dec. 27, 2011 suggests there is a link between obesity and brain damage. the study was unable, however, to determine if obesity is caused by brain damage or is the cause of brain damage. high fat diet injures rodents hypothalamus within 24 hours of their diet switch researchers found the rodents began to show inflammation in a part of their forebrain known as the hypothalamus. in humans as in rodents, the hypothalamus regulates the fat and energy our body burns and takes signals from fat tissue and relays them to the brain; these signals tell the brain either we've had enough food or not had enough food. dr. schwartz, quoted by sharon kirkey of obese humans: increased brain scarring the next step for researchers was to compare brain scans of 34 humans and they found obese people had more scarring in the hypothalamus, scarring called gliosis, than did the brains of the subjects who were of normal weight. the amount of gliosis increased the larger the obese person was. "we don't know this is a cause of obesity, or a consequence of obesity," schwartz said. "(but) it suggests that what we've seen in the mouse and rats is also occurring in the human." this scarring is significant to weight, dr. schwartz said, because the scarring of the brain alters how both insulin and a hormone called leptin function in such a way that the brain gets the wrong idea about the amount of fat and energy the body has stored. losing weight then becomes problematic because the brain is coming to conclusions about fat and energy that are misleading. ``this may help to explain why it's so hard for obese people - they can lose weight but they can't keep it off because their hypothalamus is reading them as basically weighing the right amount.'' in the study, entitled obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans, the researchers, lead by dr. michael schwartz of the diabetes and obesity center of excellence, university of washington school of medicine, used a collection of rats and mice who were genetically bred to be obese. initially fed a regular low-fat die, the rodents were taken off that diet and placed upon a high-fat diet.within 24 hours of their diet switch researchers found the rodents began to show inflammation in a part of their forebrain known as the hypothalamus. in humans as in rodents, the hypothalamus regulates the fat and energy our body burns and takes signals from fat tissue and relays them to the brainthese signals tell the brain either we've had enough food or not had enough food.dr. schwartz, quoted by sharon kirkey of postmedia news , said brain scans showed there was "direct evidence of neuron injury" and that after months on the diet there was "a loss of neurons in this hypothalamic area that's vital for body weight control." the researchers concluded that the onset of inflammation means switching to a high-fat diet is in fact "injuring the neurons that are supposed to protect them from obesity."the next step for researchers was to compare brain scans of 34 humans and they found obese people had more scarring in the hypothalamus, scarring called gliosis, than did the brains of the subjects who were of normal weight. the amount of gliosis increased the larger the obese person was. "we don't know this is a cause of obesity, or a consequence of obesity," schwartz said. "(but) it suggests that what we've seen in the mouse and rats is also occurring in the human."this scarring is significant to weight, dr. schwartz said, because the scarring of the brain alters how both insulin and a hormone called leptin function in such a way that the brain gets the wrong idea about the amount of fat and energy the body has stored. losing weight then becomes problematic because the brain is coming to conclusions about fat and energy that are misleading.``this may help to explain why it's so hard for obese people - they can lose weight but they can't keep it off because their hypothalamus is reading them as basically weighing the right amount.'' more about study on brains and obesity, obesity and brain injury, link between obesity and brain damage, overweight, weight gain study on brains and ... obesity and brain in... link between obesity... overweight weight gain glucose changes in o...
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æt kwɪk lub ˈsərvɪs ɪn ˈpleɪnoʊ, ˈtɛksəs, ˈoʊnər ˈʧɑrli ˈwɪtɪŋtən həz ə dil fər ju: rəˈsaɪt ʤɑn ənd gɪv ju ə ˈdɪskaʊnt ɔn ən ɔɪl ʧeɪnʤ. wɔnt tɪ rəˈsaɪt ɪt? wɛl, skru ju. ˈrɛzɪdənt ˈmɑrʃəl weɪ, hu hæd bɪn tɪ ðə kwɪk ɔn ˈkəstər roʊd ɪn ˈpleɪnoʊ ˌbiˈfɔr, wɑz ˈhæpi tɪ faɪnd ðə ˈkuˌpɔn ˈhæŋɪŋ ɔn hɪz dɔr læst wik. əˈbəv ðə ˈprɑməst praɪs ðoʊ, ðə ˈkuˌpɔn sɪz ˈkəstəmərz məst kwoʊt ðə nu ˈtɛstəmənt vərs ʤɑn tɪ gɪt ðə dil. θɪŋk ˈmeɪbi aɪ fərˈgɑt ɪgˈzæktli wət ɪt ɪz, ənd aɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ goʊ lʊk ɪt əp online,”*,” weɪ sɛd wɪθ ðə vərs ɪn hænd, weɪ droʊv tɪ ðə stɔr ənd pʊld ˈɪntu ðə gərɑʒ, bət ɛz hi ˈweɪtɪd hi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈhævɪŋ ˈsɛkənd θɔts əˈbaʊt ðə ˈɔfər. ʃʊd aɪ bi kəmˈpɛld tɪ kwoʊt ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ du nɑt fil ˈkəmfərtəbəl tɪ quote?”*?” hi æst. ˈæftər ə ʃɔrt dɪˈskəʃən wɪθ ə stɔr ˈmænɪʤər əˈbaʊt ðə vərs, hi dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ rəˈsaɪt ɪt, ənd ˈɛndɪd əp peɪɪŋ mɔr ðən 46 fər ðə ˈsərvɪs, mɔr ðən twaɪs wət hi ɪkˈspɛktɪd. peɪɪŋ you,”*,” weɪ sɛd. ju trit mi laɪk others?”*?” (saɪd noʊt: waɪ dɪd hi peɪ 46 wɪn ðə ˈkuˌpɔn ɪz fər ənd ə ˈseɪvɪŋz əv 15 ɔf ðə ˈrɛgjələr praɪs? hi hæv peɪd 35 tæks?) ˈɛniˌweɪ, ə ˈbɪznɪs. soʊ ˈwɪtɪŋtən ɪz ˈwɛlkəm tɪ tɛl hɪz ʤuɪʃ, ˈməzlɪm, ˈeɪθiəst, (blæk, geɪ, ˈfiˌmeɪl, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə) ˈkəstəmərz ðət hi wɔnt ðɛr ˈbɪznɪs wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˈligəl ˌripərˈkəʃənz. bət hɪz ˈrizənɪŋ meɪks noʊ sɛns: nɑt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ju du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ənd taɪərd əv ˈpipəl ˈmeɪkɪŋ mi du something.”*.” jæ! haʊ ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs meɪk ɪm do…*… um…*… something…*… ˌwəˈtɛvər ðət is…*… (ˈsəmˌwən pliz tɛl mi?) bət aɪ gɛs hi həz ə raɪt tɪ du this…*… ənd ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs hæv ə raɪt tɪ liv rəvˈjuz əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈbɪznɪs ɔn jɛlp. ʃʊr ə ˈbaɪbəl vərs ɪn jʊr ˌrivˈju wʊd bi əˈpriʃiˌeɪtɪd. ***ˈɛdət***: ˈkɑmɛntərz pɔɪnt aʊt ðət ju meɪ bi ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ jɛlp ˈpɑləsiz ɪf ju ɪkˈsprɛs dɪsəˈpruvəl ɔn ðɛr saɪt fər ˈrizənz laɪk ðɪs. bət ðət meɪ nɑt bi ðə keɪs ɔn ˈəðər saɪts. ˈiðər weɪ, ˈbɑðər ˈgɪvɪŋ ðɛm jʊr ˈbɪznɪs. ˈɔlsoʊ, haʊ kəm ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈkrɪsʧɪnz hu sim tɪ du θɪŋz laɪk ðɪs? ju ˈnɛvər si ən ˈeɪθiəst ˈbɪznɪs ˈoʊnər seɪɪŋ gɪv ju ə ˈdɪskaʊnt ɪf ju seɪ ɪz ə myth.”*.” (θæŋks tɪ raɪən fər ðə lɪŋk)
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at kwik kar lube & service in plano, texas, owner charlie whittington has a deal for you: recite john 3:16 and he’ll give you a discount on an oil change.
don’t want to recite it? well, screw you.
resident marshall wei, who had been to the kwik kar on custer road in plano before, was happy to find the coupon hanging on his door last week. above the promised $19.99 price though, the coupon says customers must quote the new testament verse john 3:16 to get the deal. “i think maybe i forgot exactly what it is, and i needed to go look it up online,” wei said with the verse in hand, wei drove to the store and pulled into the garage, but as he waited he started having second thoughts about the offer. “why should i be compelled to quote something i do not feel comfortable to quote?” he asked. after a short discussion with a store manager about the verse, he declined to recite it, and ended up paying more than $46 for the service, more than twice what he expected. “i’m paying you,” wei said. “why can’t you treat me like others?”
(side note: why did he pay $46 when the coupon is for $19.99 and a savings of $15 off the regular price? shouldn’t he have paid $35 + tax?)
anyway, it’s a privately-owned business. so whittington is welcome to tell his jewish, muslim, atheist, (black, gay, female, etc) customers that he doesn’t want their business without any legal repercussions.
but his reasoning makes no sense:
“i’m not making you do anything and i’m tired of people making me do something.”
yeah! how *dare* the rest of us make him do… um… something… whatever that is… (someone please tell me?)
but i guess he has a right to do this…
and the rest of us have a right to leave reviews about his business on yelp. i’m sure a bible verse in your review would be appreciated. ***edit***: commenters point out that you may be violating yelp policies if you express disapproval on their site for reasons like this. but that may not be the case on other sites. either way, dont bother giving them your business.
also, how come it’s always christians who seem to do things like this? you never see an atheist business owner saying she’ll give you a discount if you say “god is a myth.”
(thanks to ryan for the link)
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ɪf jʊr ˈrənɪŋ ˈænˌdrɔɪd ɑdz ər ˈprɪti gʊd ðət ju hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈstɔld ˈroʊmən ˈpɑpjələr lɑk skrin ˈwɪʤɪt, ˈwɪʤɪt. naʊ, θæŋks tɪ ðə nu ˈmɛθəd əv ˈrənɪŋ ˈbeɪtə tɛsts ɪn ðə pleɪ stɔr, ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ traɪ aʊt ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈfiʧərz ənd ˌɪmˈpruvmənts ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ əˈfɪʃəli lɔnʧ. baɪ ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðɪs ˈproʊˌgræm, tɛst ˈvərʒənz pɑp əp ɛz ɪf ðeɪ wər ˈrɛgjələr ˈəpˌdeɪts. ðə ˈsɛˌtəp ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz kwɪk ənd ˈpeɪnləs. ˈsɪmpli pərˈfɔrm ðiz 3 stɛps: ʤɔɪn ðə ˈwɪʤɪt kəmˈjunɪti ɔn ˈgugəl+ (noʊt: səm ˈpipəl hæv bɪn ˈhævɪŋ ˈtrəbəl ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ kəmˈjunɪtiz ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd ɛz ðə ʤɔɪn kəmˈjunɪti ˈbətən ˈdəzənt sim tɪ du ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, bət wət simz tɪ wərk ɪz ˈsərʧɪŋ fər ə kəmˈjunɪti neɪm ənd ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ɪt ðɛn). ðɪs stɛp ɪz rikˈwaɪərd, ənd ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhɛlpfəl ɛz ɪt ɪz ə greɪt pleɪs tɪ gɪv ˈfidˌbæk əˈbaʊt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə æp. ˈoʊpən ðɪs peɪʤ ənd klɪk ɔn ðə "bɪˈkəm ə ˈtɛstər" ˈbətən. ˈəpˌdeɪt ðə æp, ˈiðər ɔn jʊr dɪˈvaɪs ər baɪ ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ðə pleɪ stɔr lɪŋk. ðɛr ər ə fju θɪŋz tɪ kip ɪn maɪnd. baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ˈbeɪtə ˈvərʒənz, ju meɪ bi ɪkˈspoʊzɪŋ ˈjɔrsɛlf tɪ pəˈtɛnʃəl ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti ənd ˈkræʃɪz, ənd ðɛr ɪz ə ˈgreɪtər ʧæns əv ˈbroʊkən ɪkˈstɛnʃənz. ˈɔlsoʊ, rəvˈjuz fər ðə æp ɔn ðə pleɪ stɔr wɪl ˈoʊnli bi ˈvɪzəbəl tɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpər waɪl ju ər ə pɑrt əv ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. ɪf ju ʧuz tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈrɛgjələr ˈəpˌdeɪts, ɪts ɛz ˈsɪmpəl ɛz ðə lɪŋk ɪn stɛp 2 ənd ˈklɪkɪŋ "liv ðə tɛst", ənd ðɛn ənd. ənd wən ˈfaɪnəl noʊt: ðə pleɪ stɔr ɔn ðə wɛb wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz ʃoʊ ðə ˈkɑrənt əˈfɪʃəli riˈlist ˈvərʒən ˈnəmbər waɪl ðə ˈænˌdrɔɪd klaɪənt wɪl ʃoʊ ðə ˈbeɪtə ˈvərʒən, bət ju wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz gɪt ðə ˈbeɪtə rəˈgɑrdləs əv wɪʧ pleɪs ju ˌɪnˈstɔl frəm. sɪns ðə ˈbeɪtə ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈfiʧər ɪz nɑt jɛt ə pɑrt əv ðə dɪˈvɛləpər ˈkɑnsoʊl, wi ˈprɑbəˌbli woʊnt si ˈvɛri ˈmɛni ˈprɑʤɛkts ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðɪs ɪgˈzæmpəl fər ə fju mɔr mənθs. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ɪz ə greɪt ˈprivˌju əv haʊ ɪt wɪl wərk wəns dɪˈvɛləpərz hæv ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈoʊpən əp ə ˈprɑpər ˈʧænəl fər ˈtɛstɪŋ. ˈəpˌdeɪt: ɛz ˈsɛvərəl ˈkɑmɛntərz ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt, ðə ˈbeɪtə ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli lɪv. ɪf jʊr ˈrɛdi tɪ traɪ aʊt səm nu ˈfiʧərz, goʊ saɪn əp tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˈmɛri bænd əv ˈgɪni pɪgz. doʊnt fərˈgɛt tɪ bi ə gʊd səˈmɛrɪtən ənd rɪˈpɔrt bəgz ɛz ju faɪnd ðɛm. ˈwɪˌki ˈbeɪtə ˈproʊˌgræm
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if you're running android 4.2, odds are pretty good that you have also installed roman nurik's popular lock screen widget, dashclock widget. now, thanks to the new method of running beta tests in the play store, you can also try out the latest features and improvements before they officially launch. by joining this program, test versions pop up as if they were regular updates.
the setup process is quick and painless. simply perform these 3 steps:
join the dashclock widget community on google+ (note: some people have been having trouble joining communities this weekend as the join community button doesn't seem to do anything, but what seems to work is searching for a community name and joining it then). this step is required, and it is also helpful as it is a great place to give feedback about changes to the app. open this page and click on the "become a tester" button. update the dashclock app, either on your device or by visiting the play store link.
there are a few things to keep in mind. by using beta versions, you may be exposing yourself to potential instability and crashes, and there is a greater chance of broken extensions. also, reviews for the app on the play store will only be visible to the developer while you are a part of the program. if you choose to return to regular updates, it's as simple as re-visiting the link in step 2 and clicking "leave the test", and then uninstalling and re-installing dashclock. and one final note: the play store on the web will always show the current officially released version number while the android client will show the beta version, but you will always get the beta regardless of which place you install from.
since the beta testing feature is not yet a part of the developer console, we probably won't see very many projects following this example for a few more months. however, this is a great preview of how it will work once developers have access to open up a proper channel for testing. update: as several commenters pointed out, the beta functionality is actually live.
if you're ready to try out some new features, go sign up to join the merry band of guinea pigs. don't forget to be a good samaritan and report bugs as you find them.
dashclock wiki - beta program
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wɪn ənd wɛr ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, 9 noʊˈvɛmbər, 2018 ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ðə kəmˈjunɪti təˈgɛðər fər ə naɪt əv fən. ənd ʤɔɪn ðə ˈpɑrti! fri ˈɛntri! ˈʃərˌwʊd roʊd (bɪtˈwin ˈɑksli ˈhɛʤɪz rds*) frəm tɪ piɛm (roʊd kloʊzd frəm piɛm) kæʧ ðə treɪn! iʧ jɪr ðə ˈfɛstɪvəl ʤɪst gɪts ˈbɪgər ənd ˈbɛtər ˈɛvəri jɪr. θæŋks tɪ ðə ˈʤɛnərəs səˈpɔrt əv ɑr ˈspɑnsərz ɔl ðə ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ənd ækˈtɪvɪtiz ər fri! ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ˈproʊˌgræm ðə fʊl ˈproʊˌgræm kən bi ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪd hir: ɪf ju wʊd laɪk tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɛz ən ˌɛnərˈteɪnər nɛkst jɪr, pliz iˈmeɪl, entertainment@sherwoodfestival.com.au*. ðə grænd ˈræfəl ˈtɪkɪts wɪl bi ɔn seɪl ɪn ðə tɪ ðə ˈfɛstɪvəl ənd ɔn ðə deɪ. ɪf ju kən hɛlp sɛl ˈtɪkɪts, pliz iˈmeɪl, enquiries@sherwoodfestival.com.au*. ˈdaʊnˌloʊd ðə fʊl lɪst əv ˈpraɪzɪz ɪn 2018 strit mæp
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when and where
friday, 9 november, 2018 bringing the community together for
a night of fun. come and join the party! free entry!
sherwood road (between oxley & hedges rds) from 5.30 to 9.30 pm (road closed from 4.30 pm) catch the train!
each year the festival just gets bigger and better every year. thanks to the generous support of our sponsors all
the entertainment and activities are free!
entertainment programme
the full programme can be downloaded here: if you would like to participate as an entertainer next year, please email, entertainment@sherwoodfestival.com.au.
the grand raffle
tickets will be on sale
in the run-up to the
festival and on the day. if you can help sell tickets, please email, enquiries@sherwoodfestival.com.au.
download the full list of prizes in 2018:
street map
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maɪ frɛnd wɑz ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ mi ˈrisəntli əˈbaʊt haʊ ɪt ɔl filz kəmˈplitli sərˈil ənd ˈsəmˈwət aʊt əv pleɪs ðət hi ɪz naʊ ə ˈfɑðər. aɪ dɪd ðə ˈjuʒəwəl θɪŋ ju wʊd du fər jʊr frɛndz ənd səˈʤɛstɪd hi wɑz ʤɪst ə nu dæd ənd ðɪs wɑz ˈlaɪkli ˈnɔrməl. ðɛr wɑz ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn hɪz aɪz ðoʊ æt ðə bæk ðət wər ˈrɛstləs ənd ˈpɑsəbli ˈbɔrdərɪŋ skɛrd. wɑz hi skɛrd ðət hi wɑz ə dæd ənd 'ˈhæpəli ˈmɛrid'? noʊ, hi ɪz ˈkɑntɛnt wɪθ ðə gərl fər ɔl ðət ˈmætərz ənd ləvz hɪz sən. wət ɛls ðɛn wɑz ˈdraɪvɪŋ ðiz ˈlɪtəl ˈmoʊmənts ɪn ɑr ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɛr fər ɔl hɪz "ˈhæpinəs" hɪz feɪs wɑz ˈklaʊdɪd ɪn sɛlf daʊt ənd kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ... aɪ doʊnt noʊ mæn ɪts ʤɪst... aɪ dɪd ˌjunəˈvərsəti ənd gɑt ə ʤɑb ənd naʊ... ðɪs ɪz ɪt? raɪt? ɪt ʤɪst ˈhæpənd ˈvɛri kˈwɪkli... æt eɪʤ 30 θru ˈfeɪsˌbʊk aɪ si ˈfɑðər ˈæftər ˈfɑðər sæt ɔn ðɛr ˈsoʊfəz pleɪɪŋ kɔl əv ˈduti ər səm ˈəðər ˈvɪdioʊˌgeɪm wɪθ ðɛr 4 jɪr oʊld sən wɪθ ɔl ðə ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈkɑmɛnt treɪnz ˈrənɪŋ ˌəndərˈniθ... wɛr wɑz ðɛr raɪt əv ˈpæsɪʤ? wət traɪəl ər ɔrˈdil dɪd ðeɪ hæv tɪ ɪnˈdʊr tɪ bɪˈgɪn tɪ reɪz ə ˈfæməli? ˈnəθɪŋ. ˈnəθɪŋ æt ɔl. wət ər ðeɪ goʊɪŋ tɪ tɛl ðɛr ˈgrænˌʧɪldrən wɪn ðeɪ ər oʊld? aɪ juzd tɪ bi gʊd æt ˈsiˈoʊˈdi ənd ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ bɪr. greɪt ˈstɔri. ðɛr ɪz ə ɔft kˈwoʊtɪd ˈpæsɪʤ ɪn faɪt kləb juv ɔl hərd ɪt. ðə ˈmɪdəl ˈʧɪldrən əv ˈhɪstəri, mæn. noʊ ˈpərpəs ər pleɪs. wi hæv noʊ greɪt wɔr. noʊ greɪt dɪˈprɛʃən. ɑr greɪt ə ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl war…*… ɑr greɪt dɪˈprɛʃən ɪz ɑr lɪvz. ɔl bɪn reɪzd ɔn ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən tɪ bɪˈliv ðət wən deɪ ɔl bi ˌmɪljəˈnɛrz, ənd ˈmuvi gɑdz, ənd rɑk stɑrz. bət wi won’t*. ənd sˈloʊli ˈlərnɪŋ ðət fækt. ənd ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri pɪst off.”*.” ɪts tru, ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈpərpəs fər mɛn ɪn ðiz deɪz ɪkˈsɛpt ðə wənz wi meɪk fər ɑrˈsɛlvz ənd bɪtˈwin ðə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs wət tɪ θɪŋk ənd ˈʧeɪsɪŋ ˈwɪmən wi hæv noʊ speɪs ər taɪm tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ðɪs moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt əv ˈɪʃuz ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənəli wɪr nɑt ˈvɛri pɪst ɔf əˈbaʊt ˈhævɪŋ noʊ kɔz, wɪr ˈhoʊli ˌæpəˈθɛtɪk ˌɪnˈstɛd. sɪns sˈwɑloʊɪŋ ðə pɪl juv ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ lɪft weɪts, drɛs ˈbɛtər ənd əˈproʊʧ ˈwɪmən, jʊr ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪtɪŋ ɔn jʊr kərɪr ənd hæv ˈlərnɪd haʊ tɪ seɪ noʊ. ðə truθ ɪz: ju ʃʊd hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ɪn ʃeɪp ju ʃʊd ˈɔlˌweɪz hæv bɪn wɛl drɛst ənd kɛr əˈbaʊt jʊr əˈpɪrəns ju ʃʊd hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ spik tɪ ðə blɑnd ɪn ðə ˈkɔfi ʃɑp ɑr ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən fil ðeɪ ʃʊd bi rɪˈwɔrdɪd fər ʤɪst fər ðɛr rum ər ˈlivɪŋ ðə haʊs, ˈtərnɪŋ ɔf ðə ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz ər goʊɪŋ fər ə wɔk... əˈʧivmənt ənˈlɑkt goʊ bæk tɪ slip. ðə aɪ sɔ ˌɪnˈsaɪd maɪ frɛnd wɑz "ˈitɪŋ ðə brɛd əv ʃeɪm", hi wɑz ʤɪst ə ˈtɔlər, ˈfætər ˈvərʒən əv hɪmˈsɛlf æt 9 jɪrz oʊld wɪθ ɔl ðə səˈpoʊzd ˈləgʒəri ənd ˈprɪvɪlɪʤ əv ə ˈsɛtəld laɪf. hi hæd noʊ raɪts əv ˈpæsɪʤ, noʊ traɪəl baɪ ɔrˈdil, noʊ kɔz ˈgreɪtər ðən hɪmˈsɛlf ənd prəˈfɛʃənəli sæt æt ə pleɪs ˈərnɪŋ ə ˈpɛnʃən ðət lʊks ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli laɪk ɪt woʊnt ˈmætər baɪ ðə taɪm hi kəmz tɪ kleɪm ɪt. wi wər ˈwɔrjərz baɪ bərθ, jɪrz əv ˈbrutəl ɪgˈzərʃən, ˈbreɪvəri ənd kəˈmɪtmənt wɑz ðə praɪs əv ˈfilɪŋ ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ oʊld eɪʤ ɪn frənt əv ðə faɪər ənd ˈgɪtɪŋ fæt. naʊ wi ər ə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəˌli ənd ˈfɪzɪkəli fæt ənd oʊld mɛn æt eɪʤ 20 ˈwəndərɪŋ wət ðɪs ˈnægɪŋ ˈfilɪŋ æt ðə bæk əv ɑr kəˈlɛktɪv hɛdz ɪz. ju ˈhævənt dən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. wi ˈhævənt dən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. ʃɔrt əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈsərvɪs ər ə kəˈmɪtɪd ˈɛfərt tɪ ˈtrævəlɪŋ wət kʊd ju tɛl jʊr ˈgrænˌʧɪldrən ðət ðeɪd kɛr fər? wət hæv ju dən tɪ dɪˈzərv biɪŋ ə ˈfæməli ˈɛldər, ˈsəmˌwən tɪ ˈlɪsən tɪ, wət hæv ju sin ər dən ðət wɑz ɪn ˈɛniˌweɪ rɪˈmɑrkəbəl? aɪ æsk ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ðɪs ɛz məʧ ɛz ðə kəmˈjunɪti hir ənd faɪnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ˈlækɪŋ. aɪv ˈnɛvər wɔkt ə greɪt dun ɪn ðə səˈhɛrə, klaɪmd ə ˈgleɪʃəl aɪs wɔl, bɪn ɪn ə bɑr faɪt ɪn ˈdəblɪn ər dən ə laɪn əv koʊˈkeɪn ɔf ə ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ˈmɑdəl, ʧeɪst baɪ ə bɛr ər bɪn ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪnli ˈfɪrfəl fər maɪ laɪf. wət wɪl aɪ tɛl maɪ ˈgrænˌʧɪldrən? aɪ ˈlɪftɪd weɪts deɪ tɪ deɪ ənd ərnd ˈməni, aɪ ˈpɑrtid ənd fəkt gərlz? aɪ wɑz ə ˈwɛlθi ˈleɪdiz mæn? ɪz ðət ɪt? baɪ maɪ oʊn ˈstændərdz aɪ doʊnt dɪˈzərv tɪ reɪz ˈʧɪldrən ənd ˈsɛtəl daʊn ɪf ðæts maɪ ˈstɔri tɪ deɪt. wət wɪl ju tɛl jʊr ˈgrænˌʧɪldrən wət wɪl ju hæv dən?
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my friend was talking to me recently about how it all feels completely surreal and somewhat out of place that he is now a father. i did the usual thing you would do for your friends and suggested he was just a new dad and this was likely normal. there was something in his eyes though at the back that were restless and possibly bordering scared. was he scared that he was a dad and 'happily married'? no, he is content with the girl for all that matters and loves his son. what else then was driving these little moments in our conversation where for all his "happiness" his face was clouded in self doubt and questioning...
i don't know man it's just... i did university and got a job and now... this is it? right? it just happened very quickly...
at age 30 scrolling through facebook i see father after father sat on their sofas playing call of duty or some other videogame with their 4 year old son with all the typical comment trains running underneath...
where was their rite of passage? what trial or ordeal did they have to endure to begin to raise a family? nothing. nothing at all.
what are they going to tell their grandchildren when they are old?
i used to be good at cod and drinking beer.
great story.
there is a oft quoted passage in fight club - you've all heard it.
“we’re the middle children of history, man. no purpose or place. we have no great war. no great depression. our great war’s a spiritual war… our great depression is our lives. we’ve all been raised on television to believe that one day we’d all be millionaires, and movie gods, and rock stars. but we won’t. and we’re slowly learning that fact. and we’re very, very pissed off.”
it's true, there is no purpose for men in these days except the ones we make for ourselves and between the television telling us what to think and chasing women we have no space or time to address this most important of issues - generationally we're not very pissed off about having no cause, we're wholly apathetic instead.
since swallowing the pill you've started to lift weights, dress better and approach women, you're concentrating on your career and have learned how to say no. the truth is:
you should have always been in shape
you should always have been well dressed and care about your appearance
you should have always been able to speak to the blonde in the coffee shop
our generation feel they should be rewarded for just for tidying their room or leaving the house, turning off the video games or going for a walk... achievement unlocked - go back to sleep.
the discordance i saw inside my friend was "eating the bread of shame", he was just a taller, fatter version of himself at 9 years old with all the supposed luxury and privilege of a settled life. he had no rites of passage, no trial by ordeal, no cause greater than himself and professionally sat at a place earning a pension that looks increasingly like it won't matter by the time he comes to claim it.
we were warriors by birth, years of brutal exertion, bravery and commitment was the price of feeling entitled to old age in front of the fire and getting fat. now we are a generation of spiritually and physically fat and old men at age 20 wondering what this nagging feeling at the back of our collective heads is.
you haven't done anything. we haven't done anything. short of military service or a committed effort to travelling what could you tell your grandchildren that they'd care for? what have you done to deserve being a family elder, someone to listen to, what have you seen or done that was in anyway remarkable?
i ask myself this as much as the community here and find myself lacking. i've never walked a great dune in the sahara, climbed a glacial ice wall, been in a bar fight in dublin or done a line of cocaine off a tokyo model, chased by a bear or been genuinely fearful for my life.
what will i tell my grandchildren? i lifted weights day to day and earned money, i partied and fucked girls? i was a wealthy ladies man? is that it? by my own standards i don't deserve to raise children and settle down if that's my story to date.
what will you tell your grandchildren - what will you have done?
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blɔg præt ˈpɑrsɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ˌɪnˈhɛrətəns, ˈgloʊbəl ˈvɛriəbəlz, ˈvərʧuəl dɪˈspæʧ, ər ˈʤɑvə tɪ ˈmoʊtəˌveɪt ˈtudeɪz poʊst, ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ aɪ rivˈjud ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ præt ˈpɑrsɪŋ tuˈtɔriəlz. naʊ aɪ kən ɪkˈspleɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt staɪl fər ˈraɪtɪŋ præt ˈpɑrsərz. ðə fərst θɪŋ tɪ ˈnoʊtɪs ɪz ðət ðɪs staɪl jildz koʊd ðət lʊks laɪk ə ˈteɪbəl. kəmˈpɛr ɪt wɪθ ðɪs ˈteɪbəl əv si ˈɑpərˌeɪtər ˈprɛsədəns. ɪn ðə staɪlz aɪ rivˈjud ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ, ðɪs ˈkruʃəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz sprɛd θruaʊt ˈmɛni laɪnz əv koʊd. spɛk spɛk lɛft 31 spɛk lɛft 31 spɛk lɛft 31 29 baɪndz tɪ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpt ˈfəŋkʃən kɔl, ˈɪndɛksɪŋ, ɑps spɛk nəl 29 spɛk nəl 29 raɪt: 2 3 2 2 3 2 spɛk 27 spɛk lɛft 25 spɛk lɛft 23 spɛk lɛft 21 spɛk lɛft 19 spɛk lɛft 17 spɛk lɛft 15 spɛk lɛft 13 spɛk lɛft 11 spɛk lɛft 9 spɛk lɛft 7 spɛk lɛft 5 raɪt: ə bi 2 ɪz ə (bi 2 spɛk 3 spɛk lɛft 0 ˈprɛsədəns ˈdəzənt baɪnd ənˈtɪl spɛk nəl 0 fər ˈgrupɪŋ 1 ˈprɛsədəns ˈnɛvər juzd spɛk nəl 1 'neɪm' 'ˈnəmbər' spɛk nəl 1 'eof*' (fʊl koʊd ənd tɛsts ər ɔn github*) ðɛr ər mɔr ædˈvæntɪʤɪz tɪ ðɪs staɪl: bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈjuzɪz ə ˈɑbʤɛkt ˈrəðər ðən globals*, dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ tu ˈpɑrsərz ɪn ðə seɪm ˈproʊˌgræm ɪz ˈklinər. ðɪs ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ mi bɪˈkəz əm ˈraɪtɪŋ tu ɪkˈsprɛʃən ˈpɑrsərz: ə ʃɛl ˌɛrɪθˈmɛtɪk ˈpɑrsər, ənd ə ˈpɑrsər fər ðə ɔɪl ˈlæŋgwɪʤ. ðɛr ər noʊ ˈəðər ˈgloʊbəl ˈvɛriəbəlz. ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈtoʊkən ɪz ə ˈmɛmbər ɔn ə ˈpɑrsər klæs, wɪʧ ɪz haʊ ju ˈtɪpɪkəli si ˈpɑrsɪŋ ˈælgərˌɪðəmz laɪk dɪˈsɛnt pərˈzɛnəd. ɪts ˈfæktərd ˈɪntu ðə ˌɪmˈjutəbəl ˈɑbʤɛkt ənd ðə ˈpɑrsər ˈɑbʤɛkt. kənˈkərənt ˈpɑrsərz ər ˈizi. ðɛrz noʊ ˌɪnˈhɛrətəns ər ˈvərʧuəl dɪˈspæʧ. ɪn si++, ðɪs əˈvɔɪdz ðə ˈpɔɪntər ɔn ə ˈtoʊkən wɪʧ kʊd ˌɪnˈkris ɪts saɪz baɪ 50 ər 100 ɔn ˈplætˌfɔrmz. (aɪ juz ˈvərʧuəl dɪˈspæʧ ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn maɪ ʃɛl ˈpɑrsər, bɪˈkəz ɪts kənˈsaɪs ənd ˈnæʧərəl, bət ðət ˈɪzənt keɪs hir.) ˌɔlˈðoʊ aɪ ˈprɛzənt ɪt ɪn ˈpaɪθɑn, ɪts taɪpt laɪk koʊd. ɪt ˈjuzɪz ˈfəŋkʃənz ənd ˈklæsɪz, bət ˈmoʊstli ˈfəŋkʃənz. ˈklæsɪz ər juzd wɪn ðɛr ɪz steɪt; ˈfəŋkʃənz ər juzd wɪn ðɛr ɪz nɑt. skɛʧ ðə ɪz ˈsɪmpəl, bət tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ɪt, ju ʃʊd hæv ə rəf aɪˈdiə əv haʊ ðə præt ˈælgərˌɪðəm wərks. ɪf nɑt, ðə poʊsts rivˈjud ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ goʊ ˈɪntu ɪt. tɪ mi, ðiz ər ɪts ˈseɪljənt ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks: ɪts mˈjuʧuəli bɪtˈwin ə kɔr) ˈfəŋkʃən ənd() ənd lɛd() ˈfəŋkʃənz" fər iʧ ˈɑpərˌeɪtər. ɪn maɪ koʊd, ðiz ər ðə ˈprɛsədəns) ˈmɛθəd, ənd nəl*() ənd lɛft*() ˈfəŋkʃənz. ˈmɛni ˈælgərˌɪðəmz laɪk tri ər ˈpjʊrli ˈfəŋkʃənəl. ɪn ˈkɑntræst, præt ˈpɑrsɪŋ həz ðə ˈprɑpərti ðət ðə prəˈsiʤərz ˈɔlsoʊ mˈjuˌteɪt steɪt, i.e*. ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈtoʊkən. ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst laɪk dɪˈsɛnt ˈpɑrsɪŋ, wɪʧ ɪz wən ˈrizən ðeɪ goʊ təˈgɛðər wɛl. ðə koʊd həz tu meɪn ˈklæsɪz, ənd ˈpɑrsər ju "kənˈfɪgjər" ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ baɪ ˈkɔlɪŋ ˈmɛθədz ɔn ðə spɛk: klæs """ˌspɛsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən fər ə ˈpɑrsər.""" nəl sɛlf ˈtoʊkənz """ˈrɛʤɪstər ə ˈtoʊkən ðət dɪz nɑt teɪk ən ɪkˈsprɛʃən ɔn ðə lɛft. ɪgˈzæmpəlz: ˈkɑnstənt, ˈprifɪks ˈɑpərˌeɪtər lɛft sɛlf lɛd ˈtoʊkənz """ˈrɛʤɪstər ə ˈtoʊkən ðət teɪks ən ɪkˈsprɛʃən ɔn ðə lɛft. ɪgˈzæmpəlz: ˈɑpərˌeɪtər, ˈɑpərˌeɪtər, ðə ˈɑpərˌeɪtər bi 0 1 əreɪ ˈɪndɛksɪŋ sɛlf lɛd ˈtoʊkənz """ˈrɛʤɪstər ə raɪt ˈɑpərˌeɪtər. ɪgˈzæmpəlz: exponentiation*, əˈsaɪnmənt, ˈɑpərˌeɪtər. ðiz ˈmɛθədz ˈrɛʤɪstər ðə ðət ər mˈjuʧuəli wɪθ ðə ˈpɑrsər. səm ˈpipəl juz ðə neɪmz ˈprifɪks() ənd() ˌɪnˈstɛd əv nəl() ənd lɛft() ənd lɛd ɪn præts ˈpeɪpər), bət ðɪs ɪz mɪsˈlidɪŋ bɪˈkəz ðɛr ər ˈəðər kaɪnz əv ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz. (aɪ səˈpoʊz ɪz ɛz wɛl, bət ɪt sərvz ɪt ˈpərpəs fər naʊ.) hir ɪz ðə ˈpɑrsər: klæs ˈpɑrsər ˈɑbʤɛkt sɛlf """tɛst ɪf wi ər ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ə ˈtoʊkən.""" nɛkst sɛlf """muv tɪ ðə nɛkst ˈtoʊkən.""" it sɛlf væl """əˈsərt ðə ˈvælju əv ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈtoʊkən, ðɛn muv tɪ ðə nɛkst ˈtoʊkən.""" sɛlf pɑrs tɪ ðə raɪt, ˈitɪŋ ˈtoʊkənz ənˈtɪl wi ɪnˈkaʊnər ə ˈtoʊkən wɪθ ˈbaɪndɪŋ paʊər lɛs ðən ər ˈikwəl tɪ. pɑrs sɛlf """ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈɛntri pɔɪnt.""" sɛlf nɛkst rɪˈtərn sɛlf 0 ðə fərst fɔr ˈmɛθədz ər fər ðə" nəl lɛft ˈfəŋkʃənz. ðə ˈfəŋkʃənz ər pæst ə ˈpɑrsər ˈɪnstəns pi ənd kɔl ðə ˈmɛθədz tɪ pɑrs, e.g*.: pi ˈtoʊkən lɛft e.g*. ə 1 ɛks waɪ pi pi it pi ˈʧɪldrən lɛft rɪˈtərn ˈtoʊkən ˈʧɪldrən ðə ɛnd ˈjuzər nid ˈoʊnli kɔl ðə pɑrs() ˈmɛθəd, wɪʧ kɪks ɔf ðə meɪz əv əv mˈjuʧuəli ˈfəŋkʃənz. spɛk rɪˈtərn ˈɪnstəns ɛs pi ˈpɑrsər spɛk tri pi pɑrs prɪnt tri soʊ wi hæv 2 ˈklæsɪz, iʧ wɪθ ə fju ˈmɛθədz, ənd ðɛn ə bənʧ əv ˈfəŋkʃənz tɪ pɑrs spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈsɪnˌtæks. əm ˈhæpi wɪθ haʊ ðə tərnd aʊt. si ðə koʊd fər ˈditeɪlz. ðə ˈkɑrənt θim əv ðɪs blɔg ɪz tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ə ʃɛl ɪz ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈprɑbləm, ənd wəts ˈdɪfərənt əˈbaʊt maɪ ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən. ðə læst θri deɪz hæv bɪn ə daɪˈgrɛʃən ɔn ɪkˈsprɛʃən ˈpɑrsɪŋ ˈælgərˌɪðəmz, bət ˈhoʊpfəli ɪt wɪl bi ˈjusfəl tɪ ˈsəmˌwən. ðə nɛkst poʊst wɪl rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə ˈjunɪks ʃɛl. rɪˈleɪtɪd: præt ˈpɑrsɪŋ ˈɪndɛks ənd ˈəpˌdeɪts
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blog | oilshell.org
pratt parsing without prototypal inheritance, global variables, virtual dispatch, or java
to motivate today's post, yesterday i reviewed existing pratt parsing tutorials. now i can explain a different style for writing pratt parsers.
the first thing to notice is that this style yields code that looks like a table. compare it with this table of c operator precedence. in the styles i reviewed yesterday, this crucial information is spread throughout many lines of code.
spec = tdop . parserspec () spec . left ( 31 , leftincdec , [ '++' , '--' ]) spec . left ( 31 , leftfunccall , [ '(' ]) spec . left ( 31 , leftindex , [ '[' ]) # 29 -- binds to everything except function call, indexing, postfix ops spec . null ( 29 , nullincdec , [ '++' , '--' ]) spec . null ( 29 , nullprefixop , [ '+' , '!' , '~' , '-' ]) # right associative: 2 ** 3 ** 2 == 2 ** (3 ** 2) spec . leftrightassoc ( 27 , leftbinaryop , [ '**' ]) spec . left ( 25 , leftbinaryop , [ '*' , '/' , '%' ]) spec . left ( 23 , leftbinaryop , [ '+' , '-' ]) spec . left ( 21 , leftbinaryop , [ '<<' , '>>' ]) spec . left ( 19 , leftbinaryop , [ '<' , '>' , '<=' , '>=' ]) spec . left ( 17 , leftbinaryop , [ '!=' , '==' ]) spec . left ( 15 , leftbinaryop , [ '&' ]) spec . left ( 13 , leftbinaryop , [ '^' ]) spec . left ( 11 , leftbinaryop , [ '|' ]) spec . left ( 9 , leftbinaryop , [ '&&' ]) spec . left ( 7 , leftbinaryop , [ '||' ]) spec . left ( 5 , leftternary , [ '?' ]) # right associative: a = b = 2 is a = (b = 2) spec . leftrightassoc ( 3 , leftassign , [ '=' , '+=' , '-=' , '*=' , '/=' , '%=' , '<<=' , '>>=' , '&=' , '^=' , '|=' ]) spec . left ( comma_prec , leftcomma , [ ',' ]) # 0 precedence -- doesn't bind until ) spec . null ( 0 , nullparen , [ '(' ]) # for grouping # -1 precedence -- never used spec . null ( - 1 , nullconstant , [ 'name' , 'number' ]) spec . null ( - 1 , tdop . nullerror , [ ')' , ']' , ':' , 'eof' ])
(full code and tests are on github)
there are more advantages to this style:
because it uses a parserspec object rather than globals, defining two parsers in the same program is cleaner. this is important to me because i'm writing two expression parsers: a posix-compatible shell arithmetic parser, and a parser for the oil language.
there are no other global variables. the current token is a member on a parser class, which is how you typically see parsing algorithms like recursive descent presented.
it's factored into the immutable parserspec object and the stateful parser object. concurrent parsers are easy.
there's no inheritance or virtual dispatch. in c++, this avoids the v-table pointer on a token , which could increase its size by 50% or 100% on 64-bit platforms. (i use virtual dispatch elsewhere in my shell parser, because it's concise and natural, but that isn't case here.)
although i present it in python, it's statically typed like nystrom's code. it uses functions and classes, but mostly functions. classes are used when there is state; functions are used when there is not.
api sketch
the api is simple, but to understand it, you should have a rough idea of how the pratt algorithm works. if not, the posts reviewed yesterday go into it.
to me, these are its salient characteristics:
it's mutually recursive between a core parse(int rbp) function and nud() and led() "plugin functions" for each operator. in my code, these are the p.parseuntil(int precedence) method, and null*() and left*() functions.
many recursive algorithms like tree traversal are purely functional. in contrast, pratt parsing has the property that the recursive procedures also mutate state, i.e. the current token. this is just like recursive descent parsing, which is one reason they go together well.
the code has two main classes, parserspec and parser . you "configure" the language by calling methods on the spec:
class parserspec : """specification for a tdop parser.""" def null ( self , bp , nud , tokens ): """register a token that does not take an expression on the left. examples: constant, prefix operator """ # ... def left ( self , bp , led , tokens ): """register a token that takes an expression on the left. examples: infix operator, postfix operator, the ternary operator b ? 0 : 1, array indexing a[0]. """ # ... def leftrightassoc ( self , bp , led , tokens ): """register a right associative operator. examples: exponentiation, assignment, ternary operator. """ # ...
these methods register the callbacks that are mutually recursive with the parser. some people use the names prefix() and infix() instead of null() and left() ( nud and led in pratt's paper), but this is misleading because there are other kinds of operators.
(i suppose leftrightassoc is overly-specific as well, but it serves it purpose for now.)
here is the parser api:
class parser ( object ): def attoken ( self , token_type ): """test if we are looking at a token.""" # ... def next ( self ): """move to the next token.""" # ... def eat ( self , val ): """assert the value of the current token, then move to the next token.""" # ... def parseuntil ( self , rbp ): """ parse to the right, eating tokens until we encounter a token with binding power less than or equal to rbp. """ # ... def parse ( self ): """initial entry point.""" self . next () return self . parseuntil ( 0 )
the first four methods are for the "plugin" null / left functions. the functions are passed a parser instance p and call the methods to parse, e.g.:
def leftternary ( p , token , left , bp ): """ e.g. a > 1 ? x : y """ true_expr = p . parseuntil ( bp ) p . eat ( ':' ) false_expr = p . parseuntil ( bp ) children = [ left , true_expr , false_expr ] return compositenode ( token , children )
the end user need only call the parse() method, which kicks off the maze of of mutually recursive functions.
spec = makespec () # return parserspec instance lexer = tdop . tokenize ( s ) p = tdop . parser ( spec , lexer ) tree = p . parse () print ( tree )
so we have 2 classes, each with a few methods, and then a bunch of plugin functions to parse specific syntax. i'm happy with how the api turned out. see the code for details.
the current theme of this blog is to explain why implementing a shell is an interesting problem, and what's different about my implementation. the last three days have been a digression on expression parsing algorithms, but hopefully it will be useful to someone. the next post will return to the unix shell.
related: pratt parsing index and updates
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haɪ æŋˈzaɪəti ɛz ˈpəblɪk skul əˈsaɪnmənts rən leɪt skul ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ðə sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈjunəˌfaɪd skul ˈdɪstrɪkt ər stɪl dən ɔn ˈpeɪpər. skul ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ðə sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈjunəˌfaɪd skul ˈdɪstrɪkt ər stɪl dən ɔn ˈpeɪpər. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: li səˈzuki, ðə ˈkrɑnɪkəl baɪ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: li səˈzuki, ðə ˈkrɑnɪkəl ˈɪmɪʤ 1 əv 42 ˈkæpʃən kloʊz haɪ æŋˈzaɪəti ɛz ˈpəblɪk skul əˈsaɪnmənts rən leɪt 1 42 bæk tɪ ˈgæləri ə skul ˈdɪstrɪkt glɪʧ həz ˈpɛrənts ˈbaɪtɪŋ ðɛr neɪlz ɪn sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ðɪs wik. ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈdɔlərz ər ɔn ðə laɪn fər ˈfæməliz ðət ər priˈpɛrd tɪ leɪ aʊt ˈhɛfti dɪˈpɑzəts fər ˈpraɪvət skulz baɪ ðɪs ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz bət hoʊp ðeɪ hæv tɪ ɪf ðeɪ kən gɪt ˈɪntu ə ˈpəblɪk skul əv ðɛr ʧɔɪs. ðə ˈtrəbəl ɪz, ðə sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈjunəˌfaɪd skul ˈdɪstrɪkt meɪ nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ tɛl ðɛm əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈpəblɪk skul ˈɔpʃənz, frəm ˌɛləˈmɛnʧri θru haɪ skul, ˌbiˈfɔr daʊn ˈpeɪmənts ər du ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ θru ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt mɪst ɪts mɑrʧ 17 ˈdɛˌdlaɪn fər ˈsɛndɪŋ aʊt ˈlɛtərz bɪˈkəz əv ˈstæfɪŋ emergencies,”*,” sɛd ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən ˈʤɛnəl blaɪð. hæv ˈpipəl hu slɛpt ɪn days”*” traɪɪŋ tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət skul ˈɔpʃənz fər ˈstudənts ər ɔl kərˈɛkt, blaɪð sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət ʃi rɪˈvil mɔr əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɑbləm bɪˈkəz əv ɪmˈplɔɪi ˌkɑnfəˌdɛnʃiˈæləti. ˈnərvəs ˈpɛrənts wər nɑt ˈkəmfərtɪd ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd ɛz ðeɪ ˈstədid ðɛr bæŋk əˈkaʊnts. ðə ˈdɛˌdlaɪn fər ˈpraɪvət haɪ skul dɪˈpɑzəts ɪz ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ æt nun fər ˈpɛrənts əˈplaɪɪŋ fər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl eɪd ənd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ æt nun fər ðoʊz peɪɪŋ fʊl praɪs. ˈpraɪvət ˌɛləˈmɛnʧri ənd ˈmɪdəl skulz hæv ə ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈdɛˌdlaɪn. ənd ˌɔlˈðoʊ moʊst ˈpraɪvət skulz koʊˈɔrdəneɪtɪd ðɛr dɪˈpɑzət du deɪts wɪθ ðə ˈpəblɪk skul ˈdɪstrɪkt ðɪs jɪr, ðə glɪʧ həz θroʊn ðə ˈkɛrfəl ˈplænɪŋ ˈɪntu ˌdɪsəˈreɪ. fil ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd ənd ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd ðət wi bi ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ meɪk ən ˌɪnˈfɔrmd decision,”*,” sɛd ˈhɛðər ˈkɪlˌdeɪ, huz sən ɪz goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈkɪndərˌgɑrtən. ʃi ənd hər ˈhəzbənd əˈplaɪd tɪ 23 ˈpəblɪk skulz. bət dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn wɪʧ wənz hər sən gɪts ˈɪntu, ðeɪ kʊd ʧuz ðə ˈpraɪvət ˈproʊˌgræm ðət ækˈsɛptɪd ɪm ˌɪnˈstɛd. hæv ə səbˈstænʃəl dɪˈpɑzət mɔr ðən tɪ bi pʊt daʊn ɔn thursday,”*,” ˈkɪlˌdeɪ sɛd. ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ du this”*” wɪˈθaʊt ɪˈnəf ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ meɪk ðə ʧɔɪs. ˈfræntɪk ˈmɛsɪʤɪz frəm tɪ swɛr wərdz flu əˈkrɔs ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈsənˌdi frəm ˈpɛrənts ˈhoʊpɪŋ fər ðə bɛst. ““omg*! gɪt jʊr ɛs təˈgɛðər sfusd!”*!” roʊt wən ˈməðər. pʊt ˈpɛrənts θru ɪˈnəf wɪθ jʊr ˈstupɪd ˈprɔˌsɛs! geesh!”*!” ə ˈfɑðər roʊt: ““sfusd*, ju ər ən ɪmˈbɛrəsmənt tɪ ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən. noʊ kɪdz ʃʊd hæv tɪ ɪnˈdʊr jʊr mistreatment.”*.” ɪz bad,”*,” roʊt əˈnəðər ˈməðər. loʊəl haɪ, ðə ˈpəblɪk skul ðət ədˈmɪts ðə ˈstudənts, ɪz ə ˈnæʧərəl kəmˈpɛtɪtər wɪθ ˈpraɪvət skulz. soʊ ˈpɛrənts hu hərd frəm loʊəl baɪ ðə ˈpraɪvət ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz maɪt bi ˌɪnˈklaɪnd tɪ goʊ ˈpraɪvət ənd bəmp ˈstudənts ɔf ˈpraɪvət weɪt lɪsts hu maɪt ˈəðərˌwaɪz hæv ˈgɔtən ɪn, sɛd ˈmɑli ˈhəfmən, hɛd əv skul æt ðə ˈpraɪvət deɪ skul, hu ɪz kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ˈɑbviəsli əpˈsɛtɪŋ tɪ ˈpɛrənts hu wʊd prɪˈfər tɪ sɛnd ðɛr ʧaɪld tɪ lowell,”*,” ʃi sɛd. nən əv ðɪs wʊd bi ə ˈprɑbləm ɪf ˈpraɪvət skulz ʧuz tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd ðɛr dɪˈpɑzət ˈdɛˌdlaɪnz tɪ əˈkɑməˌdeɪt ðə dɪˈleɪ. bət ðɛr ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ du ðət rɪˈmeɪnd ənˈklɪr ɔn ˈsənˌdi. ər ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ˈkloʊsli ənd əˈweɪt ˈɛni ˈəpˌdeɪts ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt office,”*,” sɛd ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt əv ðə ˈərbən skul əv sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ, ə ˈpraɪvət haɪ skul. ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən ˈkrɪstən ˈbeɪli sɛd ˈərbən wɑz ɪn ə pattern”*” ənˈtɪl ˈlərnɪŋ mɔr. ˈəðər ˈpraɪvət skulz dɪd nɑt rɪˈtərn kɔlz ənd iˈmeɪlz ˈsənˌdi. ɛz fər wɪn ðə glɪʧ maɪt bi riˈzɑlvd, blaɪð noʊ. ɪf ðə kəmˈpjutər ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz kəmˈplitɪd ˈmənˌdeɪ, ənd ɪf ðə ˈdɪstrɪkt kən gɪt ˌfərstˈklæs ˈlɛtərz ˈɪntu ðə meɪl ˈərli ɪˈnəf ɪn ðə deɪ, hoʊp ˈpipəl wʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ rɪˈsiv ðɛm baɪ tuesday.”*.” bət, ʃi sɛd, nɑt ˈeɪbəl tɪ seɪ fər sure.”*.” nəˈnɛt ˈæzɪmɑv ɪz ə sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ ˈkrɑnɪkəl stæf ˈraɪtər. iˈmeɪl: tˈwɪtər:
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high anxiety as sf public school assignments run late
school applications for the san francisco unified school district are still done on paper. school applications for the san francisco unified school district are still done on paper. photo: lea suzuki, the chronicle buy photo photo: lea suzuki, the chronicle image 1 of / 42 caption close high anxiety as sf public school assignments run late 1 / 42 back to gallery
a school district glitch has parents biting their nails in san francisco this week.
thousands of dollars are on the line for families that are prepared to lay out hefty deposits for private schools by this week’s deadlines — but hope they won’t have to if they can get into a public school of their choice.
the trouble is, the san francisco unified school district may not be able to tell them about their public school options, from elementary through high school, before private-school down payments are due wednesday through friday. the district missed its march 17 deadline for sending out school-assignment letters because of “unforeseen staffing emergencies,” said spokeswoman gentle blythe.
“we have people who haven’t slept in days” trying to make sure that 83,000 school options for 14,000 students are all correct, blythe said, adding that she can’t reveal more about the problem because of employee confidentiality.
nervous parents were not comforted over the weekend as they studied their bank accounts. the deadline for private high school deposits is wednesday at noon for parents applying for financial aid and friday at noon for those paying full price. private elementary and middle schools have a thursday deadline. and although most private schools coordinated their deposit due dates with the public school district this year, the district’s glitch has thrown the careful planning into disarray.
“we feel disappointed and frustrated that we won’t be given the opportunity to make an informed decision,” said heather kilday, whose son is going into kindergarten. she and her husband applied to 23 public schools. but depending on which ones her son gets into, they could choose the private program that accepted him instead.
“we have a substantial deposit — more than $3,000 — to be put down on thursday,” kilday said. “we didn’t anticipate having to do this” without enough information to make the choice.
frantic messages — from praying-hand emojis to swear words — flew across facebook sunday from parents hoping for the best.
“omg! get your s — together sfusd!” wrote one mother. “you put parents through enough with your stupid process! geesh!”
a father wrote: “sfusd, you are an embarrassment to education. no kids should have to endure your mistreatment.”
“this is reeeeeally bad,” wrote another mother.
lowell high, the public school that admits the district’s highest-scoring students, is a natural competitor with private schools. so parents who haven’t heard from lowell by the private deadlines might be inclined to go private — and bump students off private wait lists who might otherwise have gotten in, said molly huffman, head of school at the private children’s day school, who is concerned about the situation.
“it’s obviously upsetting to parents who would prefer to send their child to lowell,” she said.
none of this would be a problem if private schools choose to extend their deposit deadlines to accommodate the district’s delay. but their willingness to do that remained unclear on sunday.
“we are monitoring the situation closely and await any updates coming from the district office,” said a statement on the website of the urban school of san francisco, a private high school.
spokeswoman kristen bailey said urban was in a “holding pattern” until learning more.
other private schools did not return calls and emails sunday.
as for when the district’s glitch might be resolved, blythe didn’t know. if the computer process is completed monday, and if the district can get first-class letters into the mail early enough in the day, “we hope people would be able to receive them by tuesday.”
but, she said, “we’re not able to say for sure.”
nanette asimov is a san francisco chronicle staff writer. email: nasimov@sfchronicle.com twitter: @nanetteasimov
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ə ˈsupər ɪz ə ˈspikər ˈdraɪvər ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ ˈproʊdus ˈəltrə haɪ ˈfrikwənsiz ɪn ə ˈlaʊdˌspikər ˈsɪstəm. ɪts ˈpərpəs ɪz tɪ ˈrɛkriˌeɪt ə mɔr ˌriəˈlɪstɪk saʊnd fild, ˈɔfən ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzd ɛz "airy-ness*". ˈsupər ər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz faʊnd ɪn haɪ ˌfaɪˈdɛləti ˈspikər ˈsɪstəmz ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈivɪn ɪn hoʊm ˈθieɪtər ˈsɪstəmz. ðeɪ ər juzd tɪ ˌsəpləˈmɛnt ðə saʊnd əv baɪ ˌriprəˈdusɪŋ ˈfrikwənsiz wɪʧ ðə meɪ ˈproʊdus ˈoʊnli wɪθ ə ˈnɛroʊ ˈpoʊlər ˈaʊtˌpʊt, ər pərˈhæps wɪθ dɪˈstɔrʃən. ə ˈsupər ɪz ˈʤɛnərəli ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ rɪˈspɑnd wɛl ˈɪntu ˌəltrəˈsɑnɪk ˈfrikwənsiz ˈoʊvər 20 khz*, ðə ˈkɑmənli ækˈsɛptɪd ˈəpər ˈfrikwənsi ˈlɪmət əv ˈjumən ˈhirɪŋ. ˈsupər hæv bɪn dɪˈzaɪnd fər ˈtɛstɪŋ, fər ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈɑdiˌoʊ səʧ ɛz ˈsupər ˈɑdiˌoʊ ˈsiˈdi ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd fər ˌɔˈdioʊˌfilz, fər baɪˈɑləʤɪsts pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ˈrisərʧ ɔn ˈænəməl rɪˈspɑns tɪ saʊnz, ənd fər ˈæmbiənt saʊnd ˈsɪstəmz ɪn zuz. ˈrɪbən hæv bɪn meɪd ðət kən ˌriprəˈdus 80 ənd ˈivɪn 100 si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət
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a super tweeter is a speaker driver intended to produce ultra high frequencies in a multi-driver loudspeaker system. its purpose is to recreate a more realistic sound field, often characterized as "airy-ness". super tweeters are sometimes found in high fidelity speaker systems and sometimes even in home theater systems. they are used to supplement the sound of tweeters by reproducing frequencies which the tweeter may produce only with a narrow polar output, or perhaps with distortion.
a super tweeter is generally intended to respond well into ultrasonic frequencies over 20 khz, the commonly accepted upper frequency limit of human hearing. super tweeters have been designed for psychoacoustic testing, for extended-range digital audio such as super audio cd intended for audiophiles, for biologists performing research on animal response to sounds, and for ambient sound systems in zoos. ribbon tweeters have been made that can reproduce 80 khz[1] and even 100 khz.[2]
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həz kəm ə lɔŋ weɪ sɪns ɪts kriˈeɪʃən baɪ ə ˈfɪnɪʃ ˈstudənt 22 jɪrz əˈgoʊ. waɪl ðə dəˈbeɪt ˈoʊvər ˈlɪnəks ɔn ðə ˈdɛskˌtɑp wɪl noʊ daʊt reɪz ɪts hɛd ˈɛvəri jɪr, noʊ daʊt ðət ɪn ðə ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ənd wɛb ˈhoʊstɪŋ sfɪrz, ˈlɪnəks həz meɪd juʤ ˈɪnˌroʊdz, ənd, ɪf ə kəm ə lɔŋ weɪ sɪns ɪts kriˈeɪʃən baɪ ə ˈfɪnɪʃ ˈstudənt 22 yearsago*. waɪl ðə dəˈbeɪt ˈoʊvər ˈlɪnəks ɔn ðə ˈdɛskˌtɑp wɪl noʊ daʊt reɪz ˈɛvəri jɪr, noʊ daʊt ðət ɪn ðə ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ənd wɛb hostingspheres*, ˈlɪnəks həz meɪd juʤ ˈɪnˌroʊdz, ənd, ɪf ə ˈrisənt ˈstədi frəm ɪz ˈækjərət, ðə læst ˈvɛstɪʤɪz əv rɪˈzɪstəns tɪ ˈlɪnəks ər ˈdreɪnɪŋ əˈweɪ. waɪl ðə wɛb ˈhoʊstɪŋ ˈɪndəstri həz lɔŋ ɛmˈbreɪst ˈlɪnəks ɛz ə sɪˈkjʊr ənd ˈsteɪbəl ˈplætˌfɔrm fər əˈpæʧi ənd ɪts əˈtɛndənt ˈsɔfˌwɛr stæk, ˈəðər ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz hæv lægd bɪˈhaɪnd, ɛz ənd ˈəðər ɪt prəˈfɛʃənəlz rɪˈlaɪd ɔn prəˈpraɪəˌtɛri ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈsɪstəmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ boʊθ ənd ˈjunɪks ˈsɪstəmz. ɪn ðə ˈsərˌveɪ, ˈkɛrid aʊt ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr, ˈoʊnli 17 əv ɪt prəˈfɛʃənəlz kˈwɛsʧənd ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðɛr ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz hæd noʊ ˈlɪnəks ˈsərvər dɪˈplɔɪmənts. waɪl moʊst əv ðə ˈkɑrənt dɪˈplɔɪmənts ər wɛb ˈsərvərz, ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt prəˈpɔrʃən ˈɔlsoʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd juz fər ˈɔrəkəl 6 ənd 11 ˈdætəˌbeɪs ˈsərvərz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈdætə ˈwɛˌrhaʊzɪŋ, ˈbɪznɪs ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, ənd ˈkəstəmər riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ˈmænɪʤmənt ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. fər ɔl əv ðiz ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, ˈmɛni ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ər ˈplænɪŋ tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðɛr juz əv ˈlɪnəks ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər. ðə moʊst ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ rɪˈzəlts frəm ðə ˈsərvər kənˈsərn fˈjuʧər ˈlɪnəks dɪˈplɔɪmənt plænz. ˈɔlˌmoʊst 80 əv ðoʊz æst sɛd ðət ðeɪ plænd tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ wɛb ˈsərvərz ɔn ˈlɪnəks ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst jɪr, 63 ðət ˈɔrəkəl ˈdætəˌbeɪs dɪˈplɔɪmənt ɔn ˈlɪnəks wɑz plænd, ənd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt pərˈsɛnɪʤɪz plæn tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ fər ˈəðər ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz. wɪn æst wɪʧ wər ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈfæktərz ˈɪnˌfluənsɪŋ ðə dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ juz ˈlɪnəks, 61 ˈsaɪtɪd sɪˈkjʊrəti ɛz biɪŋ ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, wɪθ ˈtoʊtəl kɔst əv ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp, haɪ əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti, haɪ pərˈfɔrməns, ðə əˈvɔɪdəns əv ˈvɛndər, ənd ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm biɪŋ əˈməŋ ðə ˈəðər ˈfæktərz ˈreɪtɪd ɛz ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt fər ˈgloʊbəl ˈmɑrkətɪŋ, ˈmaɪkəl ˈmɪlər sɛd ðət: ˈrɛləvənt kˈwɛʃən təˈdeɪ ɪz nɑt waɪ ər wɪn ju ʃʊd bi ˈjuzɪŋ ˈlɪnəks, wɛr ju ʃʊd bi ˈjuzɪŋ ˈlɪnəks. ˈɛnərˌpraɪzɪz ðət ər nɑt ˈæktɪvli kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈlɪnəks ɛz ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən əv ðɛr ˈdætə ˈsɛntər ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən ər ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz ər ɪn ˈdeɪnʤər əv biɪŋ lɛft bɪˈhaɪnd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəli ənd technologically.’*.’ ənd həz ən ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ əp ˈlɪnəks fər ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz, stɪl ən ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ðət ˈlɑrʤər ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə wɛb ˈhoʊstɪŋ ˈɪndəstri ər ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ə ˈriləˈzeɪʃən ðət wɛb hoʊsts hæv lɔŋ ˌəndərˈstʊd. ˈlɪnəks ɪz ən ɪkˈstrimli ˈvərsətəl ənd sɪˈkjʊr ˈplætˌfɔrm, ənd ðət kəmˈpɛrd tɪ prəˈpraɪəˌtɛri ɔlˈtərnətɪvz, ɪz loʊər ənd ˈvɛndər lɛs əv ən ˈɪʃu. waɪl ə ˈhɛlθi ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm əv ðiz rɪˈzəlts ɪz ˈrizənəbəl ˈgɪvɪn ðət ðə ˈsərˌveɪ wɑz ˈkɛrid aʊt baɪ ə ˈkəmpəˌni ðət ˈɔfərz ən ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ˈlɪnəks ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən ənd həz ən ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ əp ˈlɪnəks fər ˈɛnərˌpraɪz stɪl ən ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən ðət ˈlɑrʤər ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈɪndəstri ər ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ə ˈriləˈzeɪʃən ðət wɛb hoʊsts hæv longunderstood*. ˈlɪnəks ɪz ən ɪkˈstrimli ˈvərsətəl ənd sɪˈkjʊr ˈplætˌfɔrm, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ prəˈpraɪəˌtɛri ɔlˈtərnətɪvz, ɪz loʊər ənd lɛs əv ən ˈɪʃu.
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has come a long way since its creation by a finnish student 22 years
ago. while the debate over linux on the desktop will no doubt raise its
head every year, there’s no doubt that in the enterprise and web hosting
spheres, linux has made huge inroads, and, if a linuxhas come a long way since its creation by a finnish student 22 yearsago. while the debate over linux on the desktop will no doubt raise itshead every year, there’s no doubt that in the enterprise and web hostingspheres, linux has made huge inroads, and, if a recent study from suse is accurate, the last vestiges of resistance to linux are draining away.
while
the web hosting industry has long embraced linux as a secure and stable
platform for apache and its attendant software stack, other enterprise
applications have lagged behind, as ctos and other it professionals
relied on proprietary operating systems, including both non-unix and
unix systems.
in
the survey, carried out earlier this year, only 17% of it professionals
questioned reported that their organizations had no linux server
deployments. while most of the current deployments are web servers, a
significant proportion also reported use for oracle (6%) and non-oracle
(11%) database servers, as well as data warehousing, business
intelligence, and customer relationship management applications. for all
of these applications, many organizations are planning to increase
their use of linux in the future.
the
most interesting results from the server concern future linux
deployment plans. almost 80% of those asked said that they planned to
deploy web servers on linux over the next year, 63% that oracle database
deployment on linux was planned, and significant percentages plan to
deploy for other applications.
when
asked which were the most important factors influencing the decision to
use linux, 61% cited security as being very important, with total cost
of ownership, high availability, high performance, the avoidance of
vendor lock-in, and the community ecosystem being among the other
factors rated as very important.
suse vice president for global marketing, michael miller said that:
‘the
relevant question today is not why or when you should be using linux,
it’s where you should be using linux. enterprises that are not actively
considering linux as the foundation of their data centre transformation
or modernisation initiatives are in danger of being left behind
financially and technologically.’
and has an interest in talking up linux for enterprise applications,
it’s still an indication that larger companies outside of the web
hosting industry are coming to a realization that web hosts have long
understood. linux is an extremely versatile and secure platform, and
that compared to proprietary alternatives, tco is lower and vendor
lock-in less of an issue. while a healthy skepticism of these results is reasonable given that the survey was carried out by a company that offers an enterprise linux distribution and has an interest in talking up linux for enterprise applications,it’s still an indication that larger companies outside of the webhosting industry are coming to a realization that web hosts have longunderstood. linux is an extremely versatile and secure platform, andthat compared to proprietary alternatives, tco is lower and vendorlock-in less of an issue.
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pliz ɪˈneɪbəl ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt tɪ wɔʧ ðɪs ˈvɪdioʊ ə mæn əˈkjuzd əv ˈreɪpɪŋ ə ˈtiˌneɪʤ gərl ənd ə jəŋ ˈwʊmən ənd ˈdəmpɪŋ ðɛr ˈbɑdiz baɪ ðə ˈfriˌweɪ ɪn ˈlɪŋkən haɪts ɪn 2011 wɑz kɔt ˈæftər ˈspɪtɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈsaɪdˌwɔk waɪl biɪŋ ˈfɑloʊd baɪ pəˈlis. ə ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ tɛst əv ðə spɪt lɛft baɪ ˈbɔrjəz, 32 taɪd ɪm tɪ ðə ˈkɪlɪŋz əv mɪˈʃɛl loʊˈzɑnoʊ ənd ˈgəzmən, ˈɛˈleɪˈpiˈdi ʧif ˈʧɑrli bɛk əˈnaʊnst ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈkɔlɪŋ ðə kraɪmz "ˈhɔrəˌfaɪɪŋ." "ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ kəˈlɛkʃən æt taɪm əv ərˈɛst əˈlaʊd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ kəˈnɛkt ðɪs ˈmɑnstər tɪ ðə dɛθs əv ðiz tu jəŋ ˈwɪmən," bɛk sɛd. ˈbɔrjəz wɑz ʧɑrʤd ˈtuzˌdeɪ wɪθ tu kaʊnts iʧ əv ˈmərdər ənd ˈfɔrsəbəl reɪp ənd wən kaʊnt əv ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋ, ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈkaʊnti ˈdɪstrɪkt əˈtərniz ˈɔfəs əˈnaʊnst. hi ˈplidɪd nɑt ˈgɪlti ɪn ˈkrɪmənəl kɔrt ɪn ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn l.a*. ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun. loʊˈzɑnoʊ ˈvænɪʃt əraʊnd ˈistər 2011 wɪn ʃi wɑz ˈteɪkɪŋ ə wɔk nɪr hər ˈlɪŋkən haɪts hoʊm. hər ˈbɑdi wɑz faʊnd ə deɪ ˈleɪtər nɪr ðə 5 ˈfriˌweɪ æt ˈsizər ˈʧæˌvɛz ˈbʊləˌvɑrd. wɑz ˈmərdərd, ʃi wɑz ˈsɛkʃuəli əˈsɔltɪd, ənd ʃi wɑz discarded,”*,” bɛk sɛd æt ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns ˈtuzˌdeɪ. ðɛn, ðə deɪ ˈæftər ˈkrɪsməs, ˈgəzmən lɛft hər əˈpɑrtmənt ɪn ˈlɪŋkən haɪts tɪ pɪk əp ˌmɛdəˈkeɪʃən frəm ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈfɑrməsi. ʃi hæd ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ˈsɛkʃuəli əˈsɔltɪd, bɛk sɛd, ənd hər ˈbɑdi wɑz faʊnd ɔf ðə ˈfriˌweɪ ə mənθ ˈleɪtər. ðə ʧif sɛd hi həz θɔt əˈbaʊt ðə tu ˈvɪktɪmz æt ˈɛvəri ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ðət mɑrkt ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv ðɛr dɛθs. ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs pəˈlis ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl dɪˈvɪʒən əˈsumd ðə tu ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz, bət hæd ˈtrəbəl ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈprɑˌgrɛs, ðə ʧif sɛd. ɪt tʊk səm taɪm ˌbiˈfɔr ðə tu ˈkɪlɪŋz wər ˈivɪn ˈpɑzətɪvli lɪŋkt. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz wɛnt θru protocols”*” sɛt əp baɪ ðə steɪt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəlz ˈɔfəs tɪ rɪkˈwɛst ə fəˈmɪljəl sərʧ bɪˈkəz ðə ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ hæd nɑt bɪn faʊnd ɪn ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ steɪt ər ˈnæʃənəl ˈkrɪmənəl ˈdætəˌbeɪsɪz. ðət fəˈmɪljəl sərʧ lɛd əˈbaʊt ə mənθ əˈgoʊ tɪ borjas’*’ ˈfɑðər, hu hæd bɪn ərˈɛstɪd ˈərliər ɪn hɪz laɪf. ˈfərðər dɪˈtɛktɪv wərk aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈbɔrjəz ɛz ðə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈsəˌspɛkt, bɛk sɛd. ˈbɔrjəz wɑz ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz, ənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðət ˌsərəpˈtɪʃəs pərˈsut, hi spɪt ɔn ðə ˈsaɪdˌwɔk. ðət spɪt wɑz kəˈlɛktəd ənd ˈtɛstɪd, ənd ðə ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ mæʧt ˈɛvədəns lɪŋkt tɪ boʊθ ˈkɪlɪŋz, ðə ʧif sɛd. ˈbɔrjəz wɑz ərˈɛstɪd meɪ 25 æt hɪz hoʊm ɪn ˈtɔrəns, wɛr hi lɪvz wɪθ ə ˈfæməli, bɛk sɛd. æt hɪz ərˈeɪnmənt, ə ʤəʤ ˈɔrdərd ˈbɔrjəz hɛld wɪˈθaʊt beɪl "fər ðə prəˈtɛkʃən əv ðə ˈpəblɪk." ðət dɪˈsɪʒən keɪm ˈoʊvər ðə rɪkˈwɛst əv hɪz əˈtərni, hu sɛd ðə dɪˈfɛndənt wɑz ə ˈfɑðər ənd ˈfʊlˌtaɪm ˈwərkər huz "flaɪt rɪsk ɪz loʊ." ðə əˈtərni ˈɔlsoʊ æst ðə ˈbɔrjəz bi pleɪst ɪn "prəˈtɛktɪv ˈkəstədi" ɪn ʤeɪl, ənd ðə ʤəʤ sɛd hi kʊd meɪk ə ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃən ɔn ðət tɪ ðə ˈʃɛrɪfs dɪˈpɑrtmənt. hɪz nɛkst kɔrt deɪt ɪz ʤun 22 ɪf kənˈvɪktəd ɛz ʧɑrʤd, ˈbɔrjəz ˈfeɪsɪz laɪf ɪn ˈprɪzən wɪˈθaʊt pəroʊl ər ðə dɛθ ˈpɛnəlti. ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz hæv nɑt ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ˈwɛðər tɪ sik ðə dɛθ ˈpɛnəlti. bɛk æst ðə ˈpəblɪk tɪ lʊk æt ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv ðə ˈsəˌspɛkt ənd ˈkɑnˌtækt ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz wɪθ ˈɛni ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðɪs keɪs ər ˈpɑsəbəl kraɪmz hi meɪ hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈvɑlvd wɪθ ɪn pæst. ˈbɔrjəz wərkt æt ə ˈmɛdɪkəl səˈplaɪ ˈkəmpəˌni ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ˈɛˈleɪˈpiˈdiz ˈhɑlənˌbɛk dɪˈvɪʒən, wɛr hi wəns lɪvd, ðə ʧif sɛd. ðɛr meɪ bi ə "kəˈnɛkʃən" bɪtˈwin ðə ˈbɪznɪs' ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpeɪʃənz ənd ðə ˈkɪlɪŋz, bɛk sɛd, bət ðə ˈsəˌspɛkt həz nɑt bɪn "ˈfɔrθˈkəmɪŋ" wɪθ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ɪts nɑt klɪr haʊ ˈbɔrjəz əbˈteɪnd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ hɪz ˈvɪktɪmz ər ɪf hi ˈkɪdˌnæpt ðɛm ɔf ðə strit. ðə ʧif wʊd nɑt ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ðə kɔz əv ðɛr dɛθs. "ˈɛvriˌbɑdi kən bi ˌæbsəˈlutli əˈʃʊrd ðət ðiz ər ˈɪnəsənt ˈvɪktɪmz," bɛk sɛd. ðə ˈoʊldər ˈvɪktɪmz ˈfɑðər, ˈrɪʧərd ˈgəzmən, kraɪd ɛz hi əˈdrɛst ðə ˈmidiə æt ðə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns. "əm traɪɪŋ nɑt tɪ breɪk daʊn, bət ɪts hɑrd," hi sɛd. "aɪ hæv tɪ θæŋk ðə ˈɛˈleɪˈpiˈdi. naʊ wi noʊ ðə ˈpərsən ðət hərt ɑr ˈfæməli ɪz bɪˈhaɪnd bɑrz." ðə ərˈɛst mɑrks ðə ˈsɛkənd taɪm ɪn ˈɛˈleɪˈpiˈdi ˈhɪstəri ðət ə fəˈmɪljəl sərʧ həz lɛd tɪ ə ˈsəˌspɛkt, bɛk sɛd. ðə fərst wɑz ðə ˈpitsə krəst ˈtɛstɪd tɪ gɪt ə mæʧ ɪn ðə grɪm sˈlipər keɪs, wɪʧ ˈkəlməˌneɪtɪd ɪn ðə kənˈvɪkʃən ɪn meɪ 2016 əv ˈlɔni ˈfræŋklɪn jr*. ɔn 10 kaʊnts əv ˈmərdər ənd wən kaʊnt əv əˈtɛmptəd ˈmərdər. səm steɪts du nɑt əˈlaʊ fəˈmɪljəl tɛsts, ənd səʧ æˈnælɪsɪs ɪz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ðə ʧif ˈnoʊtɪd. "ɪf wi stɑp kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ æt taɪm əv ərˈɛst, ɪf wi stɑp əˈlaʊɪŋ fəˈmɪljəl ˈsərʧɪz, ðɛn mɛn laɪk ðɪs goʊ fri," bɛk sɛd. pliz ɪˈneɪbəl ˈʤɑvəˌskrɪpt tɪ wɔʧ ðɪs ˈvɪdioʊ
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a man accused of raping a teenage girl and a young woman and dumping their bodies by the freeway in lincoln heights in 2011 was caught after spitting on the sidewalk while being followed by police.
a dna test of the spit left by geovanni borjas, 32, tied him to the killings of 17-year-old michelle lozano and 22-year-old bree’anna guzman, lapd chief charlie beck announced tuesday, calling the crimes "horrifying."
"dna collection at time of arrest allowed us to connect this monster to the deaths of these two young women," beck said.
borjas was charged tuesday with two counts each of murder and forcible rape and one count of kidnapping, the los angeles county district attorney's office announced. he pleaded not guilty in criminal court in downtown l.a. tuesday afternoon.
lozano vanished around easter 2011, when she was taking a walk near her lincoln heights home. her body was found a day later near the 5 freeway at cesar chavez boulevard.
“michelle was murdered, she was sexually assaulted, and she was discarded,” beck said at a news conference tuesday.
then, the day after christmas, guzman left her apartment in lincoln heights to pick up medication from a nearby pharmacy. she had also been sexually assaulted, beck said, and her body was found off the freeway a month later.
the chief said he has thought about the two victims at every holiday that marked the anniversary of their deaths.
the los angeles police department’s high-profile robbery-homicide division assumed the two investigations, but had trouble making progress, the chief said. it took some time before the two killings were even positively linked.
investigators went through “exhaustive protocols” set up by the state attorney general's office to request a familial search because the attacker’s dna had not been found in existing state or national criminal databases.
that familial search led about a month ago to borjas’ father, who had been arrested earlier in his life. further detective work identified borjas as the possible suspect, beck said.
borjas was followed by investigators, and during that surreptitious pursuit, he spit on the sidewalk. that spit was collected and tested, and the dna matched evidence linked to both killings, the chief said.
borjas was arrested may 25 at his home in torrance, where he lives with a family, beck said.
at his arraignment, a judge ordered borjas held without bail "for the protection of the public."
that decision came over the request of his attorney, who said the defendant was a father and full-time worker whose "flight risk is low." the attorney also asked the borjas be placed in "protective custody" in jail, and the judge said he could make a recommendation on that to the sheriff's department.
his next court date is june 22.
if convicted as charged, borjas faces life in prison without parole or the death penalty. prosecutors have not decided whether to seek the death penalty.
beck asked the public to look at a photo of the suspect and contact investigators with any information about this case or possible crimes he may have been involved with in past.
borjas worked at a medical supply company located in lapd's hollenbeck division, where he once lived, the chief said. there may be a "connection" between the business' thousands of patients and the killings, beck said, but the suspect has not been "forthcoming" with information.
it's not clear how borjas obtained access to his victims or if he kidnapped them off the street. the chief would not comment on the cause of their deaths.
"everybody can be absolutely assured that these are innocent victims," beck said.
the older victim's father, richard guzman, cried as he addressed the media at the news conference.
"i'm trying not to break down, but it's hard," he said. "i have to thank the lapd. ... now we know the person that hurt our family is behind bars."
the arrest marks the second time in lapd history that a familial search has led to a suspect, beck said. the first was the pizza crust tested to get a match in the grim sleeper case, which culminated in the conviction in may 2016 of lonnie franklin jr. on 10 counts of murder and one count of attempted murder.
some states do not allow familial tests, and such analysis is controversial in california, the chief noted.
"if we stop collection of dna at time of arrest, if we stop allowing familial searches, then men like this go free," beck said.
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ˈɛvər sɪns ˈhɪləri ˈsɛkənd ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl rən wɑz ə glim ɪn hər aɪ, ˈnɪrli ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈmidiə wərld həz bɪn ˈdrimɪŋ əv ˈsəmˌwən tɪ faɪt hər fər ɪt. fərst ɪt wɑz ˈsɛnətər ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ˈwɔrən (d-ma*), hu wɑz æst soʊ ˌɪnˈsɛsəntli əˈbaʊt ˈrənɪŋ əˈgɛnst ˈhɪləri ðət ʃi ˈfaɪnəli gɑt ə nɛk ˌtæˈtu ðət rɛd ““ffs*, no!”*!” ðɛn, ðə ˈmidiə ənd ðə ˈwɔrən wɪŋ faʊnd hər səkˈsɛsər ɪn sɛn. ˈbərni ˈsændərz (i-vt*), ə hu əˈfreɪd tɪ teɪk ɔn ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɔn treɪd, bət meɪk ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə aʊt tɪ bi ə ˈsɛksɪst pɪg ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. hɪz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈmɛsɪʤ, ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi, ənd ˈpɑləˌtɪks wər səˈpoʊzd tɪ pʊl ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən tɪ ðə lɛft, bət hɪz ˈkændɪdəsi wɑz ˈnɛvər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ goʊ ˈɛniˌwɛr. ˈivɪn ˈbərni ˈsændərz ˈnɛvər simd tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ wɪn. bət ðɛn, ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈfəni θɪŋz ˈhæpənd. fərst, ˈmidiə ˈaʊˌtlɛts bɪˈgæn ˈhaɪpɪŋ pərˈfɔrməns ɪn ðə poʊlz, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən stɪl lidz ɪm baɪ 29 pɔɪnts ɪn ˈaɪəwə, ənd ə ˈwɑpɪŋ 40 pɔɪnts ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈævərɪʤ. ðə ˈleɪtəst bɪt əv haɪp ɪz ðət ˈsændərz, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈklɪntən, ɪz ˈbitɪŋ rɪˈpəblɪkənz ɪn ˈpoʊlɪŋ. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ðoʊ, ˈsændərz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈgæn drɔɪŋ səm ˈlɛʤɪt bɪg kraʊdz, ənd fər ðə ˈmidiə, bɪˈgæn tɪ meɪk ə nis ˈbʊˌkɛnd tɪ ˈdɑnəld sərʤ ɪn ðə poʊlz. əˈlɔŋ ðə weɪ, ə dip rɪft həz dɪˈvɛləpt bɪtˈwin sanders’*’ səˈpɔrtərz ənd ðə mɔr dɪˈvərs ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən, wɪʧ keɪm tɪ ə hɛd ə fju wiks əˈgoʊ æt ðə ˈneɪʃən ˈkɑnfərəns. waɪl ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ˈwɔntɪd tɪ hir plænz tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs pəˈlis ˈvaɪələns ənd ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən, hi ɪˈlɛktɪd tɪ riˈmaɪnd ðɛm əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈrɛkərd, ənd ˌɪnˈsɪst ðət hɪz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsiz wər ðə ˈgeɪtˌweɪ tɪ ˈsɑlvɪŋ ðɛr ˈprɑbləmz. wɪθ ə wik tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɪt, ˈsændərz əˈdrɛst ðə ˈsəðərn ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈlidərˌʃɪp ˈkɑnfərəns læst ˈwiˌkɪnd, ənd waɪl hi peɪd səm lɪp ˈsərvɪs tɪ ðə ˈɪʃuz əv ðə ˈmuvmənt, ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ʤɪst wɑz mɔr əv ðə seɪm. ðə fju ˈpɑləsiz hi ˈɔfərd fɛl wɛl ʃɔrt ˈivɪn əv ðoʊz ˈɔfərd baɪ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən (fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈklɪntən ˈfeɪvərz ˈmændəˌtɔri ˈbɑdi ˈkæmərəz, waɪl ˈsændərz ˈmɪrli prəˈpoʊzɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðɛm əˈveɪləbəl), ənd ˈivɪn ðoʊ hi reɪld əˈgɛnst ðə ˈgətɪŋ əv ðə ˈvoʊtɪŋ raɪts ækt, hi stɪl, ɪn frənt əv ən ˈɔdiəns ˈθərsti fər ˈækʃən ɔn blæk ˈɪʃuz, meɪnˈteɪnd ðət hɪz ˈoʊnli ˈlɪtməs tɛst fər səˈprim kɔrt ˈʤəstɪsɪz wʊd bi ˈoʊvərˌtərnɪŋ ˈsɪtɪzənz juˈnaɪtɪd. naʊ, wɪθ ə ˈsɛkənd ʃɑt æt rɪˈpɛrɪŋ ðət rɪft ˌbiˈfɔr ə ˈlɑrʤli blæk ˈɔdiəns, ˈsændərz həz əˈgɛn. ɪn ə spiʧ tɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈərbən lig ðɪs wik, ˈsændərz ðə ˈmuvmənt ðət kənˈfrəntɪd ɪm ɪn ˈfinɪks, bət stɪl keɪm əp wɛl ʃɔrt ɪn ðə ˈpɑləsi dɪˈpɑrtmənt: groʊɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv kəmˈjunɪtiz θruaʊt ðɪs ˈkəntri du nɑt trəst ðə pəˈlis, ənd pəˈlis hæv bɪˈkəm ˌdɪskəˈnɛktɪd frəm ðə kəmˈjunɪtiz ðeɪ ər swɔrn tɪ prəˈtɛkt. wɪn aɪ wɑz meɪər əv ˈbərlɪŋtən, vərˈmɑnt, ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈsɪti ɪn ðə steɪt, wən əv ðə θɪŋz wi dɪd ənd aɪ bɪˈliv ðɪs ˈvɛri ˈstrɔŋli ɪz wi muvd təˈwɔrd kəmˈjunɪti pəˈlisɪŋ. kəmˈjunɪti pəˈlisɪŋ minz ðət pəˈlis ər pɑrt əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti, nɑt sin ɛz əˈprɛsərz ɪn ðə kəmˈjunɪti, ənd ðət ɪz ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ðət wi hæv gɑt tɪ muv. ˈsændrə blænd, ˈmaɪkəl braʊn, ˈɛrɪk gasher*, wɔlt ˈgɑrnər, ˈwɔltər skɑt, ˈfrɛdi greɪ, wi noʊ ðɛr neɪmz. iʧ əv ðɛm daɪd əˈnɑrmd æt ðə hænz əv pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz ər ɪn pəˈlis ˈkəstədi. lɛt ˈjuˈɛs ɔl bi ˈvɛri klɪr, ˈvaɪələns ənd bruˈtælɪti əv ˈɛni kaɪnd ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli æt ðə hænz əv lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt swɔrn tɪ prəˈtɛkt ənd sərv ðɛr kəmˈjunɪtiz ɪz ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl ənd məst nɑt bi ˈtɑlərˌeɪtəd. wi məst rɪˈfɔrm ɑr ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm. blæk lɪvz du ˈmætər, ənd wi məst ˈvælju blæk lives.”*.” ˈsændərz ðɛn tʊk ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈditʊr frəm hɪz priˈpɛrd rɪˈmɑrks tɪ rɪf ɔn ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs fər ˈsɛvərəl ˈmɪnəts, ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪŋ θɪŋz laɪk kəmˈjunɪti pəˈlisɪŋ ənd ˈprɪzən rɪˈfɔrm, bət stɪl keɪm əp wɛl ʃɔrt əv ðə pəˈzɪʃənz ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən həz ˈteɪkən, ənd ˈivɪn kəmˈplitli oʊˈmɪtɪd ˈvoʊtɪŋ raɪts frəm hɪz spiʧ. hi ˈɔlsoʊ lɛft aʊt ðə ˈbɑdi ˈkæmərəz. ðət ˈkɑntræst wɑz meɪd ɔl ðə mɔr ˈnoʊtəsəbəl baɪ ˈhɪləri strɔŋ spiʧ ɔn ðoʊz ˈɪʃuz frəm ðə ˈvɛri seɪm steɪʤ. ˈbərni meɪ hæv ˈgɔtən ðə ˈmɛˌmoʊ, bət hi rɛd ɪt tu ˈkloʊsli. ðə klɪr ˈɛmfəsɪs əv hɪz kæmˈpeɪn rɪˈmeɪnz economics”*” ənd ðə faɪt əˈgɛnst ðə class.”*.” ˈsændrə blænd hæd ə ʤɑb. wət ʃi hæv wɑz ə ʧæns tɪ ˈɛvər gɪt tɪ ɪt, bɪˈkəz ʃi æst waɪ ʃi hæd tɪ pʊt aʊt ə ˌsɪgəˈrɛt ɪn hər oʊn kɑr. ɪt ə ˌbɪljəˈnɛr hu kɪld sæm duˈboʊz, ɪt wɑz ə ˈmɪdəlˈklæs kɑp. ɪf ˈbərni ˈsændərz wɔnts tɪ riʧ aʊt tɪ ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ˈvoʊtərz, gɑt tɪ lɛt goʊ əv ðə ˌjunəvərˈsæləti əv hɪz ˈpɑləsiz, ənd ðɛr əˈvɛnʧuəl əˈpil tɪ blæk ˈvoʊtərz. ðɪs ðət ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd; ˈmændəˌtɔri ˈbɑdi ˈkæmərəz, ˈmændəˌtɔri ˈfɛdərəl rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ əv ˈproʊˌfaɪlɪŋ stəˈtɪstɪks, ənd ˈmændəˌtɔri ˈfɛdərəl ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən ˈoʊvər ɔl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz ər ə gʊd, kwɪk stɑrt tɪ əˈʃʊrɪŋ blæk ˈvoʊtərz ðeɪ maɪt bi əraʊnd tɪ gɪt ə ʤɑb ˈfɪksɪŋ roʊdz. ɛz ˈsəmˌwən hu əˈgriz wɪθ ˈsændərz (ənd ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ ˈwɔrən) ɔn ˈmɛni ˈɪʃuz, ɪt ɪz ˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ ˈwəndər wət ðə hɑrm ɪz ɪn ˈgɪtɪŋ ðoʊz ˈɪʃuz aʊt, ənd ðə ˈænsər ɪz nən. tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ə ˈsændərz ˈkændɪdəsi kən bɪld səˈpɔrt fər θɪŋz laɪk ə ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ, ə gʊd θɪŋ. ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət ðə rɪft bɪtˈwin ðə wɪŋ ənd ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən həz bɪˈkəm dip ənd ˈbɪtər, məʧ laɪk ðə 2008 rɪft bɪtˈwin səˈpɔrtərz ənd obama’s*. ðɛr ər stɪl ˈmɛni ˌoʊˈbɑmə səˈpɔrtərz hu trəst ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən, hu ˈsəˌspɛkt ðət hər ˈædvəkəsi ɔn blæk ˈɪʃuz ɪz ˌɑpərˌtuˈnɪstɪk ənd audience-specific*. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ˈbərni ˈsændərz ˈivɪn ˈgɪvɪŋ ðɛm ðət məʧ. fər ˈɛni ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈkænədɪt tɪ tərn aʊt ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ɪn ril fɔrs, goʊɪŋ tɪ nid tɪ pʊt ðə raɪt səˈluʃənz tɪ ðiz ˈprɑbləmz frənt ənd ˈsɛnər, nɑt æt ə ˈteɪbəl nɪr ðə ˈkɪʧən. hæv ə tɪp wi ʃʊd noʊ?
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ever since hillary clinton‘s second presidential run was a gleam in her eye, nearly everyone in the political and media world has been dreaming of someone to fight her for it. first it was senator elizabeth warren (d-ma), who was asked so incessantly about running against hillary that she finally got a neck tattoo that read “ffs, no!”
then, the media and the warren wing found her successor in sen. bernie sanders (i-vt), a straight-talker who wasn’t afraid to take on the obama administration on trade, but didn’t make president obama out to be a sexist pig in the process. his economic message, dove-ish foreign policy, and anti-corporate politics were supposed to pull hillary clinton to the left, but his candidacy was never expected to go anywhere. even bernie sanders never seemed to expect to win.
but then, a couple of funny things happened. first, media outlets began hyping bernie’s performance in the polls, even though hillary clinton still leads him by 29 points in iowa, and a whopping 40 points in the national average. the latest bit of hype is that sanders, along with clinton, is beating republicans in head-to-head polling.
at the same time, though, sanders also began drawing some legit big crowds, and for the media, began to make a nice bookend to donald trump’s surge in the polls. along the way, a deep rift has developed between sanders’ mostly-white supporters and the more diverse obama coalition, which came to a head a few weeks ago at the netroots nation conference. while #blacklivesmatter protesters wanted to hear bernie’s plans to address police violence and criminal justice discrimination, he elected to crankily remind them about his civil rights record, and insist that his economic policies were the gateway to solving their problems.
with a week to think about it, sanders addressed the southern christian leadership conference last weekend, and while he paid some lip service to the issues of the #blacklivesmatter movement, the overall gist was more of the same. the few policies he offered fell well short even of those offered by hillary clinton (for example, clinton favors mandatory body cameras, while sanders merely proposes making them available), and even though he railed against the gutting of the voting rights act, he still, in front of an audience thirsty for action on black issues, maintained that his only litmus test for supreme court justices would be overturning citizens united.
now, with a second shot at repairing that rift before a largely black audience, sanders has whiffed again. in a speech to the national urban league this week, sanders name-checked the movement that confronted him in phoenix, but still came up well short in the policy department:
“a growing number of communities throughout this country do not trust the police, and police have become disconnected from the communities they are sworn to protect. when i was mayor of burlington, vermont, the largest city in the state, one of the things we did — and i believe this very strongly — is we moved toward community policing. community policing means that police are part of the community, not seen as oppressors in the community, and that is the direction that we have got to move. sandra bland, michael brown, eric gasher, walt — garner, walter scott, freddie grey, we know their names. each of them died unarmed at the hands of police officers or in police custody. let us all be very clear, violence and brutality of any kind particularly at the hands of law enforcement sworn to protect and serve their communities is unacceptable and must not be tolerated. we must reform our criminal justice system. black lives do matter, and we must value black lives.”
sanders then took a major detour from his prepared remarks to riff on criminal justice for several minutes, emphasizing things like community policing and prison reform, but still came up well short of the positions hillary clinton has taken, and even completely omitted voting rights from his speech. he also left out the body cameras. that contrast was made all the more noticeable by hillary clinton’s strong speech on those issues from the very same stage.
bernie may have gotten the memo, but he didn’t read it too closely. the clear emphasis of his campaign remains “middle-class economics” and the fight against the “billionaire class.” sandra bland had a job. what she didn’t have was a chance to ever get to it, because she asked why she had to put out a cigarette in her own car. it wasn’t a billionaire who killed sam dubose, it was a middle-class cop. if bernie sanders wants to reach out to obama coalition voters, he’s got to let go of the universality of his policies, and their eventual appeal to black voters. this isn’t that complicated; mandatory body cameras, mandatory federal reporting of profiling statistics, and mandatory federal jurisdiction over all use-of-force investigations are a good, quick start to assuring black voters they might be around to get a job fixing roads.
as someone who agrees with sanders (and elizabeth warren) on many issues, it is tempting to wonder what the harm is in getting those issues out, and the answer is none. to the extent that a sanders candidacy can build support for things like a $15-an-hour minimum wage, it’s a good thing. the problem is that the rift between the sanders/warren wing and the obama coalition has become deep and bitter, much like the 2008 rift between hillary’s supporters and then-senator obama’s. there are still many obama supporters who don’t trust hillary clinton, who suspect that her advocacy on black issues is opportunistic and audience-specific. unfortunately, bernie sanders isn’t even giving them that much. for any democratic candidate to turn out the obama coalition in real force, they’re going to need to put the right solutions to these problems front and center, not at a table near the kitchen.
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ðə ˈsɪti əv wɪl stɑrt ɛkˈspɛrəˌmɛntɪŋ wɪθ ə nu ˈkɑnsɛpt ðət kʊd ˌrɛvəˈluʃəˌnaɪz soʊˈsaɪɪti ɛz wi noʊ ɪt: ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɪnˌkəm. ˌənkənˈdɪʃənəl ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɪnˌkəm ɪz ə fɔrm əv ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈsɪstəm ɪn wɪʧ ɔl ˈrɛzɪdənts rɪˈsiv ən ˌənkənˈdɪʃənəl səm əv ˈməni, rəˈgɑrdləs əv ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ðeɪ hæv əˈnəðər sɔrs əv ˈɪnˌkəm. ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkəntriz, ðɛr ər ˈædvəˌkeɪts fər ə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɪnˌkəm, ənd ˈmɛni ˈsaɪəntɪsts ˈɔlsoʊ bæk ðɪs aɪˈdiə əp ɛz ə minz tɪ nɑt ˈoʊnli ˈpipəl tɪ wərk ɪn ðə fild ðeɪ ˈrɪli wɔnt tɪ ənd bɪˈkəm mɔr pərˈdəktɪv, bət ˈɔlsoʊ tɪ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ˈmɑrkɪts ənd tɪ kriˈeɪt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ædˈvæntɪʤɪz. ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt wɪl əˈlaʊ ˈpipəl mɔr taɪm tɪ ˈstədi, ˌvɑlənˈtɪr ənd wərk ɪn wət ðeɪ ər ˈtruli ˈpæʃənət əˈbaʊt. əv kɔrs, ðɛr ɪz ðə rɪsk əv səm ˈpipəl ʤɪst ənd riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɪnˌkəm, bət ðə ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti əv ðə ˈfɔrmər wɪl sərˈpæs ðə ˈdɛfəsət əv ðə ˈlætər æt list wət prəˈpoʊnənts kleɪm, ənd wət ðə ˈsɪti əv wɔnts tɪ faɪnd aʊt. ˈsɪti əˈfɪʃəlz timd əp wɪθ ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈkɑlɪʤ ɪn tɪ si ɪf ðə ˈsɪstəm kən ˈæˌkʧuəli wərk. ˈɔldərmən fər wərk ənd ˈɪnˌkəm ˈvɪktər ˈɛvərˌhɑrt sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt: grup ɪz wɪl hæv ˌkɑmpənˈseɪʃən ənd kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən fər ən əˈlaʊəns, əˈnəðər grup wɪθ ə ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɪnˌkəm wɪˈθaʊt rulz ənd əv kɔrs ə kənˈtroʊl grup wɪʧ əˈdhɪr tɪ ðə ˈkɑrənt rulz. ɑr ˈdætə ʃoʊz ðət lɛs ðən pərˈsɛnt əˈbjuz ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr, bət, ˌbiˈfɔr wi gɪt ˈɪntu ɔl kaɪnz əv ˈprɪnsəpəld dəˈbeɪt əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər wi ʃʊd ər ʃʊd nɑt ˈɛnər, wi nid tɪ fərst ɪgˈzæmɪn ɪf ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɪnˌkəm ˈivɪn ˈrɪli works.”*.” ðeɪ ər ɛmˈbɑrkɪŋ ɔn ðɪs ɪkˈspɛrəmənt wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˈprɛʤədɪs, ðeɪ ʤɪst wɔnt tɪ si ˈwɛðər ɪt wərks ər nɑt. ˈhæpənz ɪf ˈsəmˌwən gɪts ə ˈmənθli əˈmaʊnt wɪˈθaʊt rulz ənd kənˈtroʊlz? wɪl ˈsəmˌwən ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈpæsɪvli æt hoʊm ər du ˈpipəl dɪˈvɛləp ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd prəˈvaɪd ə ˈminɪŋfəl ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ɑr society?”*?” ðə ˈsɪti ˈɔlsoʊ plænz tɪ tɔk wɪθ ˈəðər mˌjunɪsəˈpælɪtiz əˈbaʊt ˈsɛtɪŋ əp ˈsɪmələr ɪkˈspɛrəmənts. ðeɪ ər dɪˈskəsɪŋ wɪθ nijmegen*, wageningen*, ənd ənd ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ stɑrt ɪn ðə ˈsɛkənd hæf əv ðɪs jɪr. ɪn keɪs ˈwəndərɪŋ ˈwɛðər ər nɑt ðɪs wɪl wərk, ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈsɪmələr ˈpaɪlət ər ɔˈrɛdi ˌəndərˈweɪ wɪθ ˈpɑzətɪv rɪˈzəlts. ðə nəˈmɪbiə bɪg ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən lɔnʧt ə ˈpaɪlət ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn frəm ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2008 tɪ dɪˈsɛmbər 2009 ənd ˌriˈpɔrtəd ə ˈdiˌkris ɪn ˈpɑvərti, ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ækˈtɪvɪti, rɪˈdust kraɪm, rɪˈdust ʧaɪld ˌmælnuˈtrɪʃən ənd ˌɪnˈkrist skul əˈtɛndəns. ɪn 2010 tu ˈpaɪləts wər lɔnʧt ɪn ðə ˈnɔrðərn steɪt əv prəˈdɛʃ. ðə ˈstədi faʊnd ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ækˈtɪvɪti ɛz wɛl ɛz ən ˌɪnˈkris ɪn ˈseɪvɪŋz, ən ˌɪmˈpruvmənt ɪn ˈhaʊzɪŋ ənd ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən, ˌɪmˈpruvd nuˈtrɪʃən, lɛs fud ˈpɑvərti, ˌɪmˈpruvd hɛlθ ənd ˈskulɪŋ, ˈgreɪtər ˌɪnˈkluʒən əv ðə dɪˈseɪbəld ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd ə læk əv ˈfrɪvələs ˈspɛndɪŋ. brəˈzɪl ənd əˈlæskə ˈɔlsoʊ hæd ˈsɪmələr ˈprɑʤɛkts, ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈpɑzətɪv ˈaʊtˌkəmz. ɔl ɪn ɔl, ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɪnˌkəm simz laɪk ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈkɑnsɛpt, wən ðət maɪt bi hir tɪ steɪ. ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl? ʤɔɪn səbˈskraɪbərz tɪ ðə saɪəns ˈnuzˌlɛtər. səbˈskraɪb naʊ!
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the city of utrecht will start experimenting with a new concept that could revolutionize society as we know it: basic income. unconditional basic income is a form of social security system in which all residents receive an unconditional sum of money, regardless of whether or not they have another source of income.
in many countries, there are advocates for a basic income, and many scientists also back this idea up as a means to not only incentivize people to work in the field they really want to and become more productive, but also to regulate markets and to create economic and social advantages. the concept will allow people more time to study, volunteer and work in what they are truly passionate about. of course, there is the risk of some people just slacking and relying on the basic income, but the increase in productivity of the former will surpass the deficit of the latter – at least that’s what proponents claim, and what the city of utrecht wants to find out.
city officials teamed up with the university college in utrecht to see if the system can actually work. alderman for work and income victor everhardt said in a statement:
“one group is will have compensation and consideration for an allowance, another group with a basic income without rules and of course a control group which adhere to the current rules. our data shows that less than 1.5 percent abuse the welfare, but, before we get into all kinds of principled debate about whether we should or should not enter, we need to first examine if basic income even really works.”
they are embarking on this experiment without any prejudice, they just want to see whether it works or not.
“what happens if someone gets a monthly amount without rules and controls? will someone sitting passively at home or do people develop themselves and provide a meaningful contribution to our society?”
the city also plans to talk with other municipalities about setting up similar experiments. they are discussing with nijmegen, wageningen, tilburg and groningen and they want to start in the second half of this year.
in case you’re wondering whether or not this will work, a number of similar pilot programmes are already underway with positive results. the namibia big coalition launched a pilot program in ojivero-omitara from january 2008 to december 2009 and reported a decrease in poverty, an increase in economic activity, reduced crime, reduced child malnutrition and increased school attendance. in 2010, two pilots were launched in the northern state of madhya pradesh. the study found an increase in economic activity as well as an increase in savings, an improvement in housing and sanitation, improved nutrition, less food poverty, improved health and schooling, greater inclusion of the disabled in society and a lack of frivolous spending. brazil and alaska also had similar projects, and also reported positive outcomes. all in all, basic income seems like an interesting concept, one that might be here to stay.
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ˈhjustən (ˈrɔɪtərz) pəˈlis ənd ˈimərʤənsi ˈwərkərz faɪld sut ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ əˈgɛnst frɛnʧ ˈkɛmɪkəlz ˈkəmpəˌni sɑ, ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðeɪ wər ˈɪnʤərd ˈæftər ɪt feɪld tɪ teɪk ˈædəkˌweɪt stɛps tɪ əˈvɔɪd ə faɪər æt ɪts ˈkrɔzbi, ˈtɛksəs, plænt ˈæftər ˈhərəˌkeɪnz ˈhɑrvi. faɪl ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ə faɪər bərnz æt ðə ˈflədɪd plænt əv frɛnʧ ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈmeɪkər sɑ ˈæftər ˈtrɑpɪkəl stɔrm ˈhɑrvi pæst ɪn ˈkrɔzbi, ˈtɛksəs, juz. ˈɔgəst 31 2017 ˈsɛvən pəˈlis, faɪər ənd ˈimərʤənsi ˈmɛdɪkəl tɛkˈnɪʃənz sud ɪn ˈhɛrɪs ˈkaʊnti ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt fər æt list 1 ˈmɪljən, əˈlɛʤɪŋ ˈnɛglɪʤəns baɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ənd ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz lɛd ˈflæməbəl ɔrˈgænɪk stɔrd æt ðə saɪt tɪ ˌɪgˈnaɪt ˈæftər ðə plænt lɔst paʊər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə stɔrm. dɪˈfɛndɪd ɪts ˈɛfərts tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ðə ˈkɛmɪkəlz ənd plænt, seɪɪŋ ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ðət ɪt wərkt wɪθ pəˈlis, faɪər ənd ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ ˈprɑʤɛkt ðə plænt ənd ˈloʊkəl ˈrɛzɪdənts. ˈdipli rɪˈgrɛt ðət ˈɛniˌwən ˈsəfərd hɑrm ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ˈhævək rikt ɔn ɑr plænt baɪ ˈhərəˌkeɪnz harvey,”*,” ɪt sɛd ɪn ˈsteɪtmənt. ɪt kɔld ðə ˈnɛglɪʤəns sut mistaken”*” ənd sɛd ɪt wɪl ˈkɑntɛst ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz. ðə ˈsɛvən ˈimərʤənsi ˈwərkərz kleɪm ðeɪ rɪˈsivd ˈbɑdəli injuries”*” ˈæftər ˈbriðɪŋ smoʊk riˈlist baɪ ðə faɪər waɪl ˈmænɪŋ ən ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən pərˈɪmətər ə maɪl ənd ə hæf frəm ðə plænt. ðə ˈkɛmɪkəlz ər juzd ɪn ðə ˌmænjəˈfækʧər əv ˈplæstɪks. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ənd ɪts ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz feɪld tɪ prəˈtɛkt ðə ˈkɛmɪkəlz ˈædəkwɪtli ənd dɪd nɑt əˈlərt ðə ˈimərʤənsi ˈwərkərz ɔn ˈɔgəst. 31 ˈæftər səm kənˈteɪnərz ɪkˈsploʊdɪd, kɔt faɪər ənd riˈlist fumes,”*,” ðə sut sɛd. ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz dɪˈnaɪd ðət ðə ˈkɛmɪkəlz wər ˈtɑksɪk ər ˈhɑrmfəl ɪn ˈɛni manner”*” ənd ðə ˈsɛvən ˈimərʤənsi ˈwərkərz ɔn ðiz ˌrɛprəzənˈteɪʃənz ənd ˈsəfərd ˈsɪriəs ˈbɑdəli ˈɪnʤəriz ɛz ə result,”*,” ðə sut əˈlɛʤɪz. ɪn ɔl, əˈbaʊt 15 ˈimərʤənsi ˈwərkərz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə plænt rikˈwaɪərd kɛr æt ðə sin ər wər ˈteɪkən tɪ ə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ənd ˈtritɪd fər smoʊk ˌɪnhəˈleɪʃən. ˈflədˌwɔtərz frəm ˈhɑrvi kət ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti ˈfidɪŋ rɪˌfrɪʤərˈeɪʃən ˈjunɪts juzd tɪ kip ðə tæŋks əv ˈvɑlətəl ɔrˈgænɪk pərˈɑkˌsaɪd frəm ˈwɔrmɪŋ ənd combusting*. plænt ˈwərkərz ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd ˈæftər ˈmuvɪŋ ðə ˈkɛmɪkəlz ˈɪntu naɪn ˈtreɪlərz. ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈkɛmɪkəl ˈseɪfti bɔrd həz lɔnʧt ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən əv ðə ˈɪnsədənt, ənd ðə ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl prəˈtɛkʃən ˈeɪʤənsi həz bɪn ˈmɑnətərɪŋ ðə saɪt fər pəˈlutənts.
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houston (reuters) - police and emergency workers filed suit on thursday against french chemicals company arkema sa, claiming they were injured after it failed to take adequate steps to avoid a fire at its crosby, texas, plant after hurricane harvey.
file photo: a fire burns at the flooded plant of french chemical maker arkema sa after tropical storm harvey passed in crosby, texas, u.s. august 31, 2017. reuters/adrees latif
seven police, fire and emergency medical technicians sued arkema in harris county district court for at least $1 million, alleging negligence by the company and executives led flammable organic peroxides stored at the site to ignite after the plant lost power during the storm.
arkema defended its efforts to secure the chemicals and plant, saying in a statement that it worked with police, fire and regulatory officials to project the plant and local residents.
“we deeply regret that anyone suffered harm as a result of the havoc wreaked on our plant by hurricane harvey,” it said in statement. it called the negligence suit “gravely mistaken” and said it will contest the allegations.
the seven emergency workers claim they received “serious bodily injuries” after breathing smoke released by the fire while manning an evacuation perimeter a mile and a half from the plant. the chemicals are used in the manufacture of plastics.
the company and its executives failed to protect the chemicals adequately and did not alert the emergency workers on aug. 31 after some containers exploded, caught fire and released “toxic fumes,” the suit said.
arkema’s executives “repeatedly denied that the chemicals were toxic or harmful in any manner” and the seven emergency workers “relied on these representations and suffered serious bodily injuries as a result,” the suit alleges.
in all, about 15 emergency workers outside the plant required care at the scene or were taken to a hospital and treated for smoke inhalation.
floodwaters from harvey cut electricity feeding refrigeration units used to keep the plant’s tanks of volatile organic peroxide from warming and combusting. plant workers evacuated after moving the chemicals into nine trailers.
the federal chemical safety board has launched an investigation of the incident, and the environmental protection agency has been monitoring the site for pollutants.
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ˈstudənts ˈwərldˈwaɪd hæv ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ neɪm ən ˈæstərˌɔɪd frəm wɪʧ ən ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˈnæsə ˈmɪʃən wɪl rɪˈtərn ðə fərst ˈsæmpəlz tɪ ərθ. ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ lɔnʧ ɪn 2016 ðə ˈmɪʃən ɪz kɔld ðə ɪkˈsplɔrər (osiris-rex*). ˈsæmpəlz rɪˈtərnd frəm ðə ˈprɪmɪtɪv ˈsərfəs əv ðə ˈæstərˌɔɪd ˈkərəntli kɔld 101955 1999 kʊd hoʊld kluz tɪ ðə ˈɔrəʤən əv ðə ˈsoʊlər ˈsɪstəm ənd ɔrˈgænɪk ˈmɑləˌkjulz ðət meɪ hæv ˈsidɪd laɪf ɔn ərθ. ˈnæsə ˈɔlsoʊ ɪz ˈplænɪŋ ə ˈmɪʃən tɪ ən ˈæstərˌɔɪd baɪ 2025 ə ˈkloʊzər ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈstədi əv ˈæstərˌɔɪdz wɪl prəˈvaɪd ˈkɑntɛkst ənd hɛlp ˌɪnˈfɔrm ðɪs ˈmɪʃən. "bɪˈkəz ðə ˈsæmpəlz rɪˈtərnd baɪ ðə ˈmɪʃən wɪl bi əˈveɪləbəl fər ˈstədi fər fˈjuʧər ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃənz, ɪt ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl ðə ˈpərsən hu neɪmz ðə ˈæstərˌɔɪd wɪl groʊ əp tɪ ˈstədi ðə wi rɪˈtərn tɪ ərθ," sɛd ˈʤeɪsən dˈwɔrkɪn, ˈprɑʤɛkt ˈsaɪəntɪst æt ˈnæsəz ˈgɑdərd speɪs flaɪt ˈsɛnər ɪn ˈgrinˌbɛlt, md*. ðə ˈkɑntɛst ɪz ə ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp wɪθ ðə ˈplænəˌtɛri soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪn ˌpæsəˈdinər, ˈkælɪf.; ˈlɪŋkən ˈlæbrəˌtɔri ɪn ˈlɛksɪŋtən, mæs.; ənd ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə ɪn ˈtuˌsɑn. ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ɪz ˈoʊpən tɪ ˈstudənts ˈəndər eɪʤ 18 frəm ˈɛniˌwɛr ɪn ðə wərld. iʧ kənˈtɛstənt kən səbˈmɪt wən neɪm, əp tɪ 16 ˈkɛrɪktərz lɔŋ. ˈɛntriz məst ˌɪnˈklud ə ʃɔrt ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ənd ˌræʃəˈnæl fər ðə neɪm. səbˈmɪʃənz məst bi meɪd baɪ ən ˈædəlt ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ðə ˈstudənt. ðə ˈkɑntɛst ˈdɛˌdlaɪn ɪz ˈsənˌdi, dɛk. 2 ə ˈpænəl wɪl ˌrivˈju prəˈpoʊzd ˈæstərˌɔɪd neɪmz. fərst praɪz wɪl bi əˈwɔrdɪd tɪ ðə ˈstudənt hu ˌrɛkəˈmɛndz ə neɪm ðət ɪz əˈpruvd baɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌæstrəˈnɑmɪkəl ˈjunjən kəˈmɪti fər ˈnoʊmənˌkleɪʧər. "ɑr ˈmɪʃən wɪl bi ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðɪs ˈæstərˌɔɪd fər mɔr ðən ə ˈdɛkeɪd," sɛd ˈdɑnteɪ lərˈɛtə, ˈprɪnsəpəl ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtər fər ðə ˈmɪʃən æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə. "wi lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˈhævɪŋ ə neɪm ðət ɪz ˈiziər tɪ seɪ ðən 101955 1999 ðə ˈæstərˌɔɪd wɑz dɪˈskəvərd ɪn 1999 baɪ ðə ˈlɪŋkən ˈæstərˌɔɪd ˈrisərʧ (ˈlɪniər) ˈsərˌveɪ æt ˈlɪŋkən ˈlæbrəˌtɔri. ˈlɪniər ɪz pɑrt əv ˈnæsəz nɪr ərθ ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, wɪʧ dɪˈtɛkts ənd ˈkætəlɔgz ˈæstərˌɔɪdz ənd ˈkɑməts. ðə ˈæstərˌɔɪd həz ən ˈævərɪʤ daɪˈæmətər əv əˈprɑksəmətli ˌwənˈθərd əv ə maɪl 500 ˈmitərz). "wi ər ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ hæv dɪˈskəvərd ðə ˈmaɪnər ˈplænət ðət wɪl bi ˈvɪzɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈmɪʃən ənd tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ˈstudənts əraʊnd ðə wərld tɪ səˈʤɛst ə neɪm fər 1999 sɛd grænt stoʊks, hɛd əv ðə ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs dɪˈvɪʒən æt ˈɛˈmaɪˈti ˈlɪŋkən ˈlæbrəˌtɔri ənd ˈprɪnsəpəl ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtər fər ðə ˈlɪniər ˈproʊˌgræm. ðə ˈæstərˌɔɪd rɪˈsivd ɪts ˌdɛzɪgˈneɪʃən əv 101955 1999 frəm ðə ˈmaɪnər ˈplænət ˈsɛnər, ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd baɪ ðə smɪθˈsoʊniən əbˈzərvəˌtɔri ɪn ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts. ðə ˈsɛnər əˈsaɪnz ən ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌælfənuˈmɛrɪk ˌdɛzɪgˈneɪʃən tɪ ˈɛni ˈnuli dɪˈskəvərd ˈæstərˌɔɪd wəns ˈsərtən kraɪˈtɪriə ər mɛt tɪ dɪˈtərmən ɪts ˈɔrbət. "ˈæstərˌɔɪdz ər ʤɪst kul ənd 1999 dɪˈzərvz ə kul neɪm!" sɛd bɪl naɪ, ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔfɪsər fər ðə ˈplænəˌtɛri soʊˈsaɪɪti. "ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ kɪdz əraʊnd ðə wərld ɪn ə ˈneɪmɪŋ ˈkɑntɛst wɪl gɪt ðɛm tund ɪn tɪ ˈæstərˌɔɪdz ənd ˈæstərˌɔɪd saɪəns." ˈnæsəz ˈgɑdərd speɪs flaɪt ˈsɛnər wɪl prəˈvaɪd ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈmɪʃən ˈmænɪʤmənt, ˈsɪstəmz ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ənd ˈseɪfti ənd ˈmɪʃən əˈʃʊrəns. ˈlɑˌkhid ˈmɑrtɪn speɪs ˈsɪstəmz əv ˈdɛnvər wɪl bɪld ðə ˈspeɪˌskræft. ɪz ðə θərd ˈmɪʃən ɪn ˈnæsəz nu frənˈtɪrz ˈproʊˌgræm. ˈnæsəz ˈmɑrʃəl speɪs flaɪt ˈsɛnər ɪn ˈhəntsvɪl, ˌæləˈbæmə, ˈmænɪʤɪz nu frənˈtɪrz fər ˈnæsəz saɪəns ˈmɪʃən dɪˈrɛktərət ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən.
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students worldwide have an opportunity to name an asteroid from which an upcoming nasa mission will return the first samples to earth.
scheduled to launch in 2016, the mission is called the origins-spectral interpretation-resource identification-security-regolith explorer (osiris-rex). samples returned from the primitive surface of the near-earth asteroid currently called (101955) 1999 rq36 could hold clues to the origin of the solar system and organic molecules that may have seeded life on earth. nasa also is planning a crewed mission to an asteroid by 2025. a closer scientific study of asteroids will provide context and help inform this mission.
"because the samples returned by the mission will be available for study for future generations, it is possible the person who names the asteroid will grow up to study the regolith we return to earth," said jason dworkin, osiris-rex project scientist at nasa's goddard space flight center in greenbelt, md.
the contest is a partnership with the planetary society in pasadena, calif.; mit's lincoln laboratory in lexington, mass.; and the university of arizona in tucson.
the competition is open to students under age 18 from anywhere in the world. each contestant can submit one name, up to 16 characters long. entries must include a short explanation and rationale for the name. submissions must be made by an adult on behalf of the student. the contest deadline is sunday, dec. 2.
a panel will review proposed asteroid names. first prize will be awarded to the student who recommends a name that is approved by the international astronomical union committee for small-body nomenclature.
"our mission will be focused on this asteroid for more than a decade," said dante lauretta, principal investigator for the mission at the university of arizona. "we look forward to having a name that is easier to say than (101955) 1999 rq36."
the asteroid was discovered in 1999 by the lincoln near-earth asteroid research (linear) survey at lincoln laboratory. linear is part of nasa's near earth observation program in washington, which detects and catalogs near-earth asteroids and comets. the asteroid has an average diameter of approximately one-third of a mile (500 meters).
"we are excited to have discovered the minor planet that will be visited by the osiris-rex mission and to be able to engage students around the world to suggest a name for 1999 rq36," said grant stokes, head of the aerospace division at mit lincoln laboratory and principal investigator for the linear program.
the asteroid received its designation of (101955) 1999 rq36 from the minor planet center, operated by the smithsonian astrophysical observatory in cambridge, massachusetts. the center assigns an initial alphanumeric designation to any newly discovered asteroid once certain criteria are met to determine its orbit.
"asteroids are just cool and 1999 rq36 deserves a cool name!" said bill nye, chief executive officer for the planetary society. "engaging kids around the world in a naming contest will get them tuned in to asteroids and asteroid science."
nasa's goddard space flight center will provide overall mission management, systems engineering and safety and mission assurance. lockheed martin space systems of denver will build the spacecraft. osiris-rex is the third mission in nasa's new frontiers program. nasa's marshall space flight center in huntsville, alabama, manages new frontiers for nasa's science mission directorate in washington.
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ðə baɪˈpɑrtɪzən ˈpæˌstaɪm act,”*,” ˌɪntrəˈdust ˈoʊvər ðə ˈsəmər, ɪz səm ˈsɪmərɪŋ, ənˈkɑnʃənəbəl ˈbʊlˌʃɪt ðət ˈivɪn traɪ ɔl ðət hɑrd tɪ haɪd ɪts ˈdɪzni dɪˈzaɪər tɪ pɔrˈtreɪ ðə feɪt əv ˈbeɪsˈbɔl æt lɑrʤ ɛz ˌæntəˈθɛtɪkəl tɪ peɪɪŋ ɪts ɪmˈplɔɪiz ə ˈlɪvɪŋ weɪʤ. wət ɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli eɪmz tɪ du ɪz ˌɪnˈsərt ə spɪˈsɪfɪk ɪgˈzɛmpʃən ˈɪntu ðə fɛr ˈleɪbər ˈstændərdz ækt (flsa*) ðət wʊd ɪkˈsklud ˈmaɪnər ˈligərz frəm ˈmɪnəməm weɪʤ ənd ˈoʊvərˌtaɪm lɔz. ðɪs wʊd bi ˈrɪli greɪt ənd ˈprɑfətəbəl fər ðə ˈoʊnərz hu peɪ fɑrm ˈsɪstəm ˈsæləriz, bət nɑt soʊ greɪt fər ðə gaɪz hu ˈæˌkʧuəli pleɪ ɪn ðə ˈmaɪnərz fər ɛz ˈlɪtəl ɛz ə mənθ, peɪd ˈoʊnli ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsizən. ðə bɪl, wɪʧ ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə əˈsəmpʃən ðət timz əˈfɔrd tɪ kənˈtɪnju ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ɪf ðeɪ peɪ ðɛr pleɪərz ˈfɛrli, ɪz ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə 2014 ˈlɔˌsut, sɛn vi., ðət əˈkjuzɪz əv ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ ˈstændərdz. ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ˌɪtˈsɛlf, nidz tɪ rɪˈteɪn ɪts ˈfɛdərəl ˌæntaɪˈtrəst ˈhɪnʤɪz ɔn ɪts ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən ɛz ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃən ənd nɑt ɛz ə ɛls səkˈsid ɪn ˈpæsɪŋ ðɪs əv ˈleɪbər lɔ. ðə prəˈpoʊzəl ɪz soʊ əbˈsərd (ənd ˈpætəntli ˈkaʊntər tɪ ɪts oʊn neɪm) ðət wən əv ðə tu ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə bɪl, rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. ˈʃɛri ˈbəstoʊz əv ˌɪləˈnɔɪz, ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli wɪθˈdru hər səˈpɔrt ənd ˈɪʃud ə ˈsteɪtmənt ðət, bɪˈliv ðət ˈmeɪʤər lig ˈbeɪsˈbɔl kən ənd ʃʊd peɪ jəŋ, ˈpæʃənət ˈmaɪnər lig pleɪərz ə fɛr weɪʤ fər ðə wərk ðeɪ do.”*.” soʊ haʊ dɪz kəˈmɪʃənər rɑb ˈmænfrɪd fil əˈbaʊt ɔl əv ðɪs? tərˈɑntoʊ stɑr blu ʤeɪz bit ˈraɪtər ˈbrɛndən ˈkɛnədi æst ɪm əˈbaʊt ɛnˈdɔrsmənt əv ðə ˈpæˌstaɪm act”*” ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ ənd wət ˈmænfrɪd hæd tɪ seɪ: ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈmænfrɪd ˌɪˈnɪʃəli saɪts ðə dɪˈfɛnsəbəl pəˈzɪʃən ðət ən ˈaʊrli weɪʤ ˈstrəkʧər meɪk məʧ sɛns fər ˈæθˌlits. bət, dɪˈspaɪt seɪɪŋ nɑt əˈpoʊzd tɪ peɪɪŋ pleɪərz ˈɛni ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr wage,”*,” hi rɪˈmeɪnz ˈnɑnkəˈmɪtəl ɔn ðə kˈwɛʃən əv ˈpʊlɪŋ ðoʊz ˈweɪʤɪz əp ˈoʊvər ðə ˈpɑvərti laɪn. ˈjuˈɛs ˈrɪli nɑt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈməni soʊ məʧ ɛz ðə ˈbərdən ðət wʊd bi imposed,”*,” sɛd ðə ˈspoʊkspərsən fər ðə ˌbɪljəˈnɛrz hu wʊd bi faɪn wɪθ peɪɪŋ ðɛr ɪmˈplɔɪiz ə ˈlɪvɪŋ weɪʤ ɪf ɪt səʧ ə ˈhæsəl.
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the bipartisan “save america’s pastime act,” introduced over the summer, is some simmering, unconscionable bullshit that doesn’t even try all that hard to hide its disney villain-esque desire to portray the fate of baseball at large as antithetical to paying its employees a living wage. what it actually aims to do is insert a specific exemption into the fair labor standards act (flsa) that would exclude minor leaguers from minimum wage and overtime laws. this would be really great and profitable for the mlb owners who pay farm system salaries, but not so great for the guys who actually play in the minors for as little as $1,100 a month, paid only during the season.
the bill, which is based on the assumption that teams afford to continue existing if they pay their players fairly, is in response to the still-pending 2014 lawsuit, senne v. mlb, that accuses mlb of violating flsa standards. in order to defend itself, mlb needs to retain its federal antitrust status—which hinges on its classification as recreation and not as a business—or else succeed in passing this end-around of labor law.
the proposal is so absurd (and patently counter to its own name) that one of the two lawmakers behind the bill, rep. cheri bustos of illinois, almost immediately withdrew her support and issued a statement that, “i believe that major league baseball can and should pay young, passionate minor league players a fair wage for the work they do.”
so how does commissioner rob manfred feel about all of this? toronto star blue jays beat writer brendan kennedy asked him about mlb’s endorsement of the “save america’s pastime act” yesterday and here’s what manfred had to say:
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manfred initially cites the defensible position that an hourly wage structure doesn’t make much sense for athletes. but, despite saying “we’re not opposed to paying minor-league players any particular wage,” he remains evasively noncommittal on the question of pulling those wages up over the poverty line.
“for us it’s really not about the money so much as the burden that would be imposed,” said the spokesperson for the billionaires who would be fine with paying their employees a living wage if it weren’t such a hassle.
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ˈmɪstər. ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsaɪtɪd ə ˈkəlʧər əv ˈhæbət ðət stændz ɪn ðə weɪ əv səm dɪˈzaɪn no-brainers*. wi du hæv ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv aɪˈdiəz ər aɪˈdiəz ðət wi bæk əp wɪθ ˈrisərʧ, wi tɔk tɪ ˈdɑktərz ənd ˈnərsɪz, ənd ˈvɛri ˈɔfən, ðeɪ wɪl seɪ, nɑt haʊ wi hæv dən θɪŋz ɪn ðə past.’*.’ ðə bɛst ˈænsər tɪ kˈwɛʃən ɪz ðət, ɛz ˈɑrkəˌtɛkts, ju kən hɛlp brɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈteɪbəl ə ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət wɪl jild ˈbɛtər results.”*.” əˈnəðər ˈɪʃu, sɪz ðə ˈɑrkəˌtɛkt ˈmaɪkəl greɪvz: ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈɑrkəˌtɛkts ər nɑt ˈɛkspərts æt hɛlθ kɛr dɪˈzaɪn, bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæv ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈnɛvər bɪn ɪn ə wheelchair.”*.” ˈmɪstər. greɪvz həz hæd tɪ juz wən sɪns hi fɛl ɪl 11 jɪrz əˈgoʊ, æt ðə eɪʤ əv 69 wɪθ ˈvaɪrəl ˌmɛnənˈʤaɪtəs. tɪ ˈmɛni əv hɪz ˈwɛlˈnoʊn ˈkɑligz, ðə ˈnoʊʃən əv ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn hɛlθ kɛr simz ɛz rɪˈmoʊt ɛz ˈprɑdə ˈtərnɪŋ hər ˈtælənts tɪ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl scrubs*. bət hɛlθ kɛr ɪz ə ˈɪndəstri ʤɪst dɪˈskəvərɪŋ ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈbɛnəfɪts əv ˈbɛtər dɪˈzaɪn. ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt pɑrt əv ɑr g.d.p.,”*.,” ˈmɪstər. ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt. naʊ seɪ ðeɪ kəm tɪ ə fəˈsɪlɪti bɪˈkəz ðeɪ laɪk ɪt, ənd ɪf ə ˈbɪldɪŋ ðət kən seɪv 2 pərˈsɛnt ɔn ðə kɔst əv dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ hɛlθ kɛr, juʤ. pləs gʊd dɪˈzaɪn ˈrɪli kən meɪk ju ˈbɛtər faster.”*.” ˈmɪstər. pʊt ɪt əˈnəðər weɪ: ər raɪt tɪ seɪ ðeɪ əˈloʊn kənˈtroʊl ˈaʊtˌkəmz. bət ˈniðər kən aɪ, ənd ðə c.e.o*. maɪ pɔɪnt ɪz ðət ðeɪ ʃʊd wɔnt mɔr control,”*,” hi strɛst, bi ə mɔr ˈɪnəgrəl pɑrt əv ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl team.”*.” ɪt wɑz hɪz ˈhɑˌspɪtəl stæf, hi sɛd, ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ˈmɪstər. tim, ðət keɪm əp wɪθ ə ˈsɪmpəl bət ˈɛləgənt aɪˈdiə fər ə lɑk bɑks, laɪk ə hoʊˈtɛl rum seɪf, ɪn wɪʧ tɪ stɔr drəgz ɪn iʧ rum. ðə bɑks kən bi ənˈlɑkt baɪ ˈnərsɪz frəm ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈpeɪʃənt rum bət ˈɔlsoʊ frəm ðə ˈhɔlˌweɪ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd. soʊ ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈmɛθəd əv dɪˈspɛnsɪŋ drəgz ˈnərsɪz ˈsɔrtɪŋ drəgz frəm wən ˈdɪspɛnˌsɛri fər ɔl ˈpeɪʃənz ɔn ə flɔr, ə ˈsɪstəm proʊn tɪ ˈɛrər ˈfɑrməsɪsts kən naʊ dɪˈlɪvər drəgz frəm ðə hɔl dɪˈrɛkli tɪ spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈpeɪʃənt rumz, laɪk meɪl ˈkɛriərz dəˈpɑzɪtɪŋ meɪl ɪn ˈpraɪvət ˈmeɪlˌbɑksɪz. ˈnərsɪz kən ðɛn rɪˈtriv ðə drəgz frəm ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə rum, wɪθ ðə ˈpeɪʃənz ˈwɑʧɪŋ.
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mr. korsh also cited a culture of habit that stands in the way of some design no-brainers. “when we do have innovative ideas or ideas that we back up with research, we talk to doctors and nurses, and very often, they will say, ‘but that’s not how we have done things in the past.’ the best answer to barry’s question is that, as architects, you can help bring to the table a process that will yield better results.”
there’s another issue, says the architect michael graves: “most hospital architects are not experts at health care design, because they have probably never been in a wheelchair.” mr. graves has had to use one since he fell ill 11 years ago, at the age of 69, with viral meningitis. to many of his well-known colleagues, the notion of focusing on health care seems as remote as miuccia prada turning her talents to hospital scrubs. but health care is a trillion-dollar industry just discovering the medical and economic benefits of better design. “it’s a significant part of our g.d.p.,” mr. korsh pointed out. “patients now say they won’t come to a facility because they don’t like it, and if there’s a building that can save 2 percent on the cost of delivering health care, that’s huge. plus good design really can make you better faster.”
mr. rabner put it another way: “architects are right to say they alone can’t control outcomes. but neither can i, and i’m the c.e.o. my point is that they should want more control,” he stressed, “and be a more integral part of the medical team.”
it was his hospital staff, he said, working with mr. korsh’s team, that came up with a simple but elegant idea for a double-door lock box, like a hotel room safe, in which to store drugs in each room. the box can be unlocked by nurses from inside the patient room but also from the hallway outside. so instead of the traditional method of dispensing drugs — nurses sorting drugs from one dispensary for all patients on a floor, a system prone to error — pharmacists can now deliver drugs from the hall directly to specific patient rooms, like mail carriers depositing mail in private mailboxes. nurses can then retrieve the drugs from inside the room, with the patients watching.
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ðə groʊs steɪt dəˈmɛstɪk ˈprɑdəkt əv ˈdɛli gru baɪ pər sɛnt ɪn ɛz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə ˈpriviəs jɪr. "ðə ræŋk əv ˈdɛli ɛz pər ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪts əv ɪz məʧ ˈbɛtər ðən səm əv ðə steɪts səʧ ɛz prəˈdɛʃ, bihar*, ˈpənˌʤæb, hɛˈrjɑnə ənd odisha*," ˈdɛli ˈdɛpjəti ʧif ˈmɪnɪstər ˈmænɪʃ sɛd ðɪs təˈdeɪ waɪl riˈlisɪŋ ðə "ˈɛstəˌmeɪts əv steɪt dəˈmɛstɪk ˈprɑdəkt hir. ˈmɪstər sɛd ðət ðə groʊs steɪt dəˈmɛstɪk ˈprɑdəkt (gsdp*) ɪn ˈdɛli æt ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈpraɪsɪz fər ðə jɪr ɪz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd æt 622385 əˈgɛnst 551963 ɪn ˈrɛʤɪstərɪŋ ə groʊθ əv pər sɛnt. ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪts hæv bɪn priˈpɛrd wɪθ ðə nu beɪs jɪr "ðə ʃɛr əv ˈsərvɪs ˈsɛktər ɪn ˈdɛliz ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪz əˈbaʊt pər sɛnt ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˈsɛktər æt pər sɛnt ənd ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈsɛktər æt pər sɛnt," ˈmɪstər sɛd,. ðə ˈdɛpjəti ʧif ˈmɪnɪstər sɛd ðət ðə ʃɛr əv ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ˈsɛktər ɪz əˈbaʊt pər sɛnt, kənˈstrəkʃən ˈsɛktər pər sɛnt, treɪd hoʊˈtɛlz ənd ˈrɛˌstrɑnts ɪz pər sɛnt, ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪz pər sɛnt ənd ðə ˈmæksəməm ʃɛr əv pər sɛnt ɪz frəm ðə ril ɛˈsteɪt, ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp əv dˈwɛlɪŋz ənd prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈsərvɪsɪz. "ðə pər ˈkæpɪtə ˈɪnˌkəm əv ðə steɪt həz bɪn ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ jɪr baɪ jɪr. ɪt ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ bi 303073 fər ðə jɪr əˈgɛnst 273618 ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈmɪstər əˈsərtəd. ðə ɪz dɪˈfaɪnd ɛz ə ˈmɛʒər ɪn ˈmɑnəˌtɛri tərmz əv ðə ˈvɑljum əv ɔl gʊdz ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz prəˈdust wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈbaʊndəriz əv ðə steɪt ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈgɪvɪn ˈpɪriəd əv taɪm, əˈkaʊntɪd wɪˈθaʊt 1723 (ˈjuni)
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the gross state domestic product of delhi grew by 12.76 per cent in 2016-17 as compared to the previous year. "the rank of delhi as per the estimates of gsdp is much better than some of the states such as madhya pradesh, bihar, punjab, haryana and odisha," delhi deputy chief minister manish sisodia said this today while releasing the "estimates of state domestic product 2016-17'' here. mr sisodia said that the gross state domestic product (gsdp) in delhi at the current prices for the year 2016-17 is estimated at rs 622385 crores against rs 551963 crores in 2015-16, registering a growth of 12.76 per cent. the estimates have been prepared with the new base year 2011-12. "the share of service sector in delhi's economy is about 82.26 per cent followed by secondary sector at 14.84 per cent and primary sector at 2.90 per cent," mr sisodia said,. the deputy chief minister said that the share of manufacturing sector is about 8.41 per cent, construction sector 4.02 per cent, trade hotels and restaurants is 11.69 per cent, financial services is 14.83 per cent and the maximum share of 29.81 per cent is from the real estate, ownership of dwellings and professional services. "the per capita income of the state has been increasing year by year. it is expected to be rs 303073 for the year 2016-17 against rs 273618 during 2015-16," mr sisodia asserted. the gsdp is defined as a measure in monetary terms of the volume of all goods and services produced within the boundaries of the state during a given period of time, accounted without duplication.uni ds adg 1723 -- (uni) -- c-1-1-dl0177-894676.xml
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fɪl ˈsɪmənz kənˈfərmd ɛz wɛst ˈɪndiz hɛd koʊʧ fɪl ˈsɪmənz həz ækˈsɛptɪd ən ˈɔfər frəm ðə wɛst ˈɪndiz ˈkrɪkɪt bɔrd tɪ bɪˈkəm ðɛr nu hɛd koʊʧ æt ðə kənˈkluʒən əv ðə ˈkrɪkɪt wərld kəp ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə ənd nu ˈzilənd. ðə əˈpɔɪntmənt wɪl brɪŋ tɪ ən ɛnd ðə eɪt jɪrz əv ənˈpɛrəˌlɛld səkˈsɛs ɛz ˈaɪərlənd koʊʧ, ɪn wɪʧ taɪm hɪz ˈʧɑrʤɪz hæv ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt ˈkrɪkɪt, ˈwɪnɪŋ 11 ˈtroʊfiz ənd kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ fər ˈɛvəri wərld ɪˈvɛnt. hæd eɪt ˈwəndərfəl jɪrz ɛz hɛd koʊʧ, ənd wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈʧɛrɪʃ ðə ˈmɛməriz əv ðoʊz greɪt deɪz shared,”*,” sɛd ˈsɪmənz. pleɪərz ənd stæf æt ˈkrɪkɪt ˈaɪərlənd hæv bɪn ˈsɪmpli mægˈnɪfɪsənt. ðə wɪnz ɪn ðə wərld kəps ˈoʊvər fʊl ˈmɛmbərz wər ɔl ˈspɛʃəl ɛz wi ʃoʊd ðə wərld ʤɪst wət ˈaɪrɪʃ ˈkrɪkɪt ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl əv. ˈaɪrɪʃ ənd wɛst ˈɪndiənz ər ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr ɪn ðɛr ˈneɪʧər ənd ˈaʊˌtlʊk ɔn laɪf ənd spɔrt. ðeɪ ˈwɛlkəmd mi ˈɪntu ðɛr ˈkəntri ənd aɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤd wɪθ ðɛr ˈspɔrtɪŋ ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ənd ˈkəlʧər ənd ə ˈrɪʧər, ˈbɛtər ˈpərsən fər ɪt. ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ɪˈtərnəli ˈgreɪtfəl fər ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti ˈgɪvɪn tɪ mi baɪ ˈkrɪkɪt ˈaɪərlənd ənd ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈwɔrən, ənd bɪn ə greɪt ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp ˈoʊvər ðə pæst eɪt jɪrz. meɪd səm ˈwəndərfəl frɛndz ɪn ðət taɪm, wɪʧ həz bɪn əˈməŋ ðə ˈhæpiəst ˈpɪriədz ɪn maɪ laɪf. wɑz ə ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ liv, bət aɪ tərn daʊn ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ koʊʧ maɪ hoʊm tim. goʊɪŋ θru ə ˈdɪfəkəlt ˈpɪriəd æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt, bət ˈkɑnfədənt aɪ kən hɛlp tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðɛr fortunes.”*.” ˈaɪərlənd ˈkæptən ˈwɪljəm ˈpɔrtərˌfild peɪd ˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə ˈaʊtˌgoʊɪŋ koʊʧ seɪɪŋ: bɪn sʊˈpərb fər ðə tim ənd ˈaɪrɪʃ ˈkrɪkɪt θruaʊt hɪz taɪm ɪn ʧɑrʤ. ɔl ˌɪmˈpruvd ənd groʊn ɛz θæŋks tɪ hɪz ˈɛfərts. bɪn ə ˈtaʊrɪŋ ˈprɛzəns nɑt ʤɪst ɪn ˈaɪrɪʃ ˈkrɪkɪt, bət əˈkrɔs ðə wərld wɛr hi ɪz hɛld ɪn səʧ haɪ rɪˈgɑrd. sæd tɪ bi ˈluzɪŋ ɪm æt ðɪs taɪm, ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðə skwɑd ˌəndərˈstændz hɪz ˈrizənz fər ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ koʊʧ hɪz hoʊm ˈkəntri. wi wɪʃ ɪm ənd hɪz ˈfæməli ɔl ðə ˈvɛri bɛst ɪn ðə future.”*.” ˈkrɪkɪt ˈaɪərlənd ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈwɔrən ˈɛkoʊd ðə ˈsɛnəmənts. hi sɛd: wɪl mɪs fɪl ˈsɪmənz. ju lɪv ɪn ə ˈkəntri fər eɪt jɪrz ənd nɑt liv bɪˈhaɪnd kloʊz taɪz ənd ˈfrɛndʃɪps. hɪz wɔrmθ ənd strɛŋθ əv ˈvæljuz ɛnˈdird ɪm tɪ ˈɛvriˌwən hir waɪl hɪz ˈlɔɪəlti ɪz ənkˈwɛsʧənd, ɛz ˈɛvədənt frəm wən əv ðə ˈkoʊʧɪŋ ˈtɛnjərz ɪn ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkrɪkɪt. sɛd, ju ʤəʤ ə koʊʧ ɔn rɪˈzəlts. hi tʊk ˈoʊvər frəm əˈnəðər koʊʧ ɪn birrell*, hu geɪv fɪl bɪg ʃuz tɪ fɪl. ˈoʊvər ðə læst eɪt jɪrz, fɪl həz bɪlt əˈpɑn ˈlɛgəsi baɪ ˈoʊvərˌsiɪŋ ɑr kˌwɑləfəˈkeɪʃən fər ˈɛvəri ˈmeɪʤər ɪˈvɛnt, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ɑr bɛst jəŋ ˈtælənt, dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ɑr pleɪərz ɪn ənd self-belief*, ənd prəˈdusɪŋ ə ˈsɪriz əv rɪˈzəlts ðət minz ˈɛvəri tim ɪn ðə wərld teɪks ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɪriəsli. fɪl həz kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ˈjuˈɛs, soʊ wi ər praʊd tɪ hæv hɛlpt ɪm dɪˈvɛləp hɪz kərɪr tɪ ðə pɔɪnt ðət hi kən naʊ pərˈsu hɪz drim əv ˈkoʊʧɪŋ hɪz hoʊm tim. hi livz wɪθ ˈnəθɪŋ ˈəðər ðən ɑr ˈvɛri bɛst ˈwɪʃɪz, ənd wi wɪʃ fɪl, ənd ðə ˈfæməli ɔl ðə ˈvɛri bɛst bæk hoʊm ɪn ðə ˌkɛrɪˈbiən. ɑr goʊl ɪz ˈsɪmpəl, ɪt ɪz tɪ faɪnd ə rɪˈpleɪsmənt fər fɪl hu wɪl teɪk ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ɑr ˈsteɪtɪd ˈvɪʒən əv pleɪɪŋ tɛst ˈkrɪkɪt baɪ ˈsɪmənz wɑz ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ˈaɪərlənd fər 224 ˈmæʧɪz frəm ˈeɪprəl 2007 ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪm ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst ˈsərvɪŋ ˈkɑrənt koʊʧ ɪn ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkrɪkɪt. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðət taɪm, ˈaɪərlənd wən 116 ənd lɔst 89 geɪmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈvɪktəriz ˈoʊvər ˈɪŋglənd, wɛst ˈɪndiz, zɪmˈbɑbweɪ ənd ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈtɛnjər. ˈkrɪkɪt ˈaɪərlənd wɪl bɪˈgɪn ðə sərʧ fər ə hɛd koʊʧ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli.
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phil simmons confirmed as west indies head coach
phil simmons has accepted an offer from the west indies cricket board to become their new head coach at the conclusion of the icc cricket world cup in australia and new zealand.
the appointment will bring to an end the trinidadian’s eight years of unparalleled success as ireland coach, in which time his charges have dominated associate cricket, winning 11 trophies and qualifying for every icc world event.
“i’ve had eight wonderful years as ireland’s head coach, and will always cherish the memories of those great days we’ve shared,” said simmons.
“the players and staff at cricket ireland have been simply magnificent. the wins in the world cups over full members were all special as we showed the world just what irish cricket is capable of.
“the irish and west indians are very similar in their nature and outlook on life and sport. they welcomed me into their country and i engaged with their sporting heritage and culture and a richer, better person for it.
“i’ll always be eternally grateful for the opportunity given to me by cricket ireland and in particular ceo warren deutrom, and been a great partnership over the past eight years. i’ve made some wonderful friends in that time, which has been among the happiest periods in my life.
“it was a very difficult decision to leave, but i couldn’t turn down the opportunity to coach my home team. they’re going through a difficult period at the moment, but confident i can help to improve their fortunes.”
ireland captain william porterfield paid tribute to the outgoing coach saying: “phil’s been superb for the team and irish cricket throughout his time in charge. we’ve all improved and grown as cricketers thanks to his efforts.
“he’s been a towering presence not just in irish cricket, but across the world where he is held in such high regard.
“while sad to be losing him at this time, everyone in the squad understands his reasons for wanting to coach his home country. we wish him and his family all the very best in the future.”
cricket ireland ceo warren deutrom echoed the sentiments. he said: “everyone will miss phil simmons. you don’t live in a country for eight years and not leave behind close ties and friendships. his warmth and strength of values endeared him to everyone here while his loyalty is unquestioned, as evident from one of the longest-ever coaching tenures in international cricket.
“that said, you judge a coach on results. he took over from another much-loved coach in adi birrell, who gave phil big shoes to fill. over the last eight years, phil has built upon adi’s legacy by overseeing our qualification for every major icc event, identifying our best young talent, developing our players in skill-levels and self-belief, and producing a series of results that means every team in the world takes us seriously.
“as phil has contributed to us, so we are proud to have helped him develop his career to the point that he can now pursue his dream of coaching his home team. he leaves with nothing other than our very best wishes, and we wish phil, jace and the family all the very best back home in the caribbean.
“now our goal is simple, it is to find a replacement for phil who will take us to our stated vision of playing test cricket by 2019.”
simmons was in charge of ireland for 224 matches from april 2007, making him the longest serving current coach in international cricket. during that time, ireland won 116 and lost 89 games, including victories over england, west indies, zimbabwe and bangladesh during his tenure.
cricket ireland will begin the search for a head coach immediately.
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mɑrʧ moʊld ˈmeɪniə raʊnd 1 taɪm tɪ voʊt! ðə ˈmædnəs həz əraɪvd, wɪʧ minz ju hæv tu ˈɔpʃənz: kɔl jʊr ˈbədiz, snæg ə keɪs əv bɛst ənd kɔl ɪn sɪk; ər gɪt ðə bɔs ˈbətən ˈrɛdi ɔn jʊr ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈbraʊzər. ˈiðər weɪ, ðə moʊst ˈwəndərfəl taɪm əv ðə jɪr, ənd ɪkˈsaɪtɪd fər ðə ˌkoʊənˈsaɪdɪŋ mɑrʧ moʊld ˈmeɪniə paʊərd baɪ ˈɪnfənət dɪsks tɪ bɪˈgɪn. ˈɔlˌmoʊst 300 ˈbrækɪts wər ˈɛnərd æt bracketmaker.com*, wɪθ ˈhɛvi ˈækʃən ɔn ðə tɔp sidz frəm iʧ ˈriʤən tɪ teɪk ðə kraʊn. ðɛr wər səm rɪsk ˈteɪkərz, ðoʊ, wɪθ θri pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ˈʧuzɪŋ ðə noʊ. daɪˈnæmɪk dɪsks ˈtrɛˌspæs, wən pleɪər ˈpɪkɪŋ ðə noʊ. fd*, ənd ə loʊn breɪv soʊl ˈrɛstɪŋ hɪz hoʊps ɔn ðə noʊ. ˈlɛgəsi dɪsks ˈaʊˌtlɔ. boʊld. aɪ laɪk ɪt. ˈivɪn ɪf ju fɪl aʊt ə ˈbrækɪt, ju kən stɪl hɛlp draɪv ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən baɪ ˈʧɛkɪŋ aʊt ðə ˈmæʧəps ɪn iʧ ˈriʤən bɪˈloʊ ənd ˈvoʊtɪŋ fər jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt dɪsk. bi ʃʊr tɪ hɪt ðə ““vote”*” ˈbətən ɔn iʧ spɪˈsɪfɪk poʊl tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr jʊr ˈænsərz ər rɪˈkɔrdɪd, ənd kəm bæk ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ fər raʊnd 2 wɔrp spid ˈdraɪvərz ʃʊr, ðə dɪsks dɪˈstrɔɪər ɪz ðə ˈhɛvi ˈfeɪvərɪt, bət ðə ˈwɛstˈsaɪd dɪsks fænz keɪm aʊt ɪn droʊvz læst jɪr ənd pʊʃt ðə wərld ˈɪntu ðə ˈfaɪnəl fɔr. wɪl wi si ə rɪˈpit ðɪs jɪr, ər wɪl ðə taɪd tərnz ɪn əˈnəðər ˈfeɪvər? ˈdraɪvərz wɪθ ə lɔt əv rɪˈleɪtɪd ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz goʊɪŋ əp əˈgɛnst wən əˈnəðər, ðɛr ər baʊnd tɪ bi səm ˈəpˌsɛt ˈæftər raʊnd 1 ɪn ðə ˈdraɪvər ˈbrækɪt. wɪθ strɔŋ sidz laɪk ðə daɪˈnæmɪk dɪsks ɪˈskeɪp ənd ðə əˈfɔrˌmɛnʃənd fd*, ðɪs ˈriʤən həz ˌsɪndərˈɛlə ˈstɔri ˈrɪtən ɔl ˈoʊvər ɪt. ðə rɑk ˈvərsəz. dəˈbeɪt wɑz ˈsɛtəld læst jɪr ɪn drəˈmætɪk ˈfæʃən, wɪθ ˈniðər əv ðə tu ˈstɔlwərt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt tɪ ðə ˈfaɪnəl fɔr. kən ðə daɪˈnæmɪk dɪsks truθ meɪk ə rɪˈpit rən æt ðə ˈtaɪtəl, ər wɪl ə kənˈtɛndər ˈimərʤ? ˈpətərz stækt wɪθ ˈklæsɪks laɪk ðə dɪsks ənd ðə ˈgeɪtˌweɪ ˈwɪzərd, ðə ˈpətər ˈriʤən meɪ boʊst ðə bɛst ˈmæʧəps ɪn ðə ˈtʊrnəmənt. səm jəŋ gənz ənd ən ˈərli tɪlt ˈfiʧərɪŋ ˈlætəˌtud 64 kraɪm, ðoʊ, hæv ə ʧæns tɪ ʃeɪk ðɪs ˈbrækɪt əp ɪn ə bɪg weɪ. rɪˈmɛmbər tɪ hɪt ““vote”*” ɔn iʧ poʊl, ənd kəm bæk ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ fər mɔr mɑrʧ moʊld ˈmeɪniə!
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march mold mania round 1: time to vote!
the madness has arrived, which means you have two options: call your buddies, snag a case of milwaukee’s best and call in sick; or get the boss button ready on your internet browser.
either way, it’s the most wonderful time of the year, and i’m excited for the coinciding march mold mania powered by infinite discs to begin.
almost 300 brackets were entered at bracketmaker.com, with heavy action on the top seeds from each region to take the crown. there were some risk takers, though, with three participants choosing the no. 13-seed dynamic discs trespass, one player picking the no. 14-seed discmania fd, and a lone brave soul resting his hopes on the no. 16-seed legacy discs outlaw.
bold. i like it.
even if you didn’t fill out a bracket, you can still help drive the competition by checking out the matchups in each region below and voting for your favorite disc. be sure to hit the “vote” button on each specific poll to ensure your answers are recorded, and come back saturday for round 2!
warp speed drivers
sure, the innova discs destroyer is the heavy favorite, but the westside discs fans came out in droves last year and pushed the world into the final four. will we see a repeat this year, or will the tide tern in another company’s favor?
control/fairway drivers
with a lot of related manufacturers going up against one another, there are bound to be some upset fanboys after round 1 in the control/fairway driver bracket. with strong double-digit seeds like the dynamic discs escape and the aforementioned fd, this region has cinderella story written all over it.
midranges
the roc vs. buzzz debate was settled last year in dramatic fashion, with neither of the two stalwart mids making it to the final four. can the dynamic discs truth make a repeat run at the title, or will a darkhorse contender emerge?
putters
stacked with classics like the innova discs aviar and the gateway wizard, the putter region may boast the best matchups in the tournament. some young guns and an early tilt featuring latitude 64-on-latitude 64 crime, though, have a chance to shake this bracket up in a big way.
remember to hit “vote” on each poll, and come back saturday for more march mold mania!
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raɪən ˈædəmz kən bi ə ˈlɪtəl ˈfaɪsti ɔn tˈwɪtər sin ɪt ɑrˈsɛlvz ənd ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ hi ʃɔn ˈhænɪti ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ə twit ðə fɑks nuz ˌkɔrəˈspɑndənt meɪd əˈbaʊt roʊl ˈmɑdəlz: jʊr ɪnˈtaɪər soʊl ɪz kənˈtroʊld baɪ fɪr ənd baɪ heɪt. ɪˈvɑlv ˈlɪtəl ˈʧɪkən mæn. si ˌriˈæləˌti. raɪən ˈædəmz (@theryanadams*) ˈɔgəst 6 2013 ˈhænɪti ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd ðə ˈsɪŋər tɪ meɪk ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn hɪz ˈproʊˌgræm ənd wɪn ˈædəmz dɪˈklaɪnd, ə ˈtaɪni spæt bɪˈgæn, ˈædəmz seɪɪŋ ɪf hi, tɪ bi jɛld æt aɪ wʊd goʊ si ə juθ əv təˈdeɪ riˈunjən show”*” ənd ðət hi wɪθ terrorists.”*.” du tɪ ðiz kwɪps, ˈhænɪti ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd ə bɪt əv læst ʃoʊ tɪ daɪˈsɛkt adams’*’ tˈwɪtər tirade,”*,” ˈkɔlɪŋ ɪm ə kaʊərd ənd dɪˈmændɪŋ hi, ɪt tɪ [hɪz] face.”*.” ɪn ðə ˌsɛgˈmɛnt əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈtaɪni kərˈfəfəl wɪθ ðə ˈsɪŋər, ˈhænɪti səˈʤɛsts ðət bɪˈkəz adams’*’ mˈjuzɪk ɪz soʊ ˌənˈpɑpjələr, ðeɪ kʊd pleɪ ɪt fər ˈpipəl hu ər biɪŋ ˈtɔrʧərd. hi ðɛn ˈoʊpənz əp ðə ʃoʊ tɪ ə ˈpænəl dɪˈskəʃən wɪθ mɪs ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˌkɔˈstɛloʊ, hu dɪˈkraɪz ðət bɪˈkəz əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ɪz ðə nu ənd ˈhænɪti kənˈtrɪbjətər ˈhoʊldər, hu ˈjuzɪz hər taɪm tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ˌɪˈnɪʃəl twit ənd sɪz wi hoʊld əp ˈæθˌlits ənd rɑk stɑrz ɛz roʊl ˈmɑdəlz. ʃi ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwɛrɪŋ ə ʤeɪ zi ˈtiˌsərt. ɔn ə fɑks nuz ʃoʊ. ʤɪst lɛt ðət sɪŋk ɪn fər ə ˈsɛkənd. ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt wərld, ˈædəmz wʊd hæv ækˈsɛptɪd ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən tɪ kəm ɔn ðə ʃoʊ ənd ˈgɪvɪn ɪm ðə fʊl ˈfæktər ˈtritmənt, bət ðə ˈraʊndˌteɪbəl wɛr noʊ wən simz tɪ bi ɔn ðə seɪm peɪʤ ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls. (ˈviə mediaite*)
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ryan adams can be a little feisty on twitter — we’ve seen it ourselves — and yesterday he @’d sean hannity in response to a tweet the fox news correspondent made about role models:
.@seanhannity your entire soul is controlled by fear and by hate. evolve little chicken man. see reality. — ryan adams (@theryanadams) august 6, 2013
hannity invited the singer to make a statement on his eponymous program and when adams declined, a tiny spat began, adams saying if he, “wanted to be yelled at i would go see a youth of today reunion show” and that he doesn’t “negotiate with terrorists.” due to these quips, hannity dedicated a bit of last night’s show to dissect adams’ “liberal twitter tirade,” calling him a coward and demanding he, “say it to [his] face.”
in the segment about his tiny kerfuffle with the singer, hannity suggests that because adams’ music is so unpopular, they could play it for people who are being tortured. he then opens up the show to a panel discussion with miss oklahoma anna-marie costello, who decries that because of social media “40 is the new 15″ and hannity contributor tarama holder, who uses her time to talk about hannity’s initial tweet and says we shouldn’t hold up athletes and rock stars as role models. she is also wearing a jay z t-shirt. on a fox news show. just let that sink in for a second.
in a different world, adams would have accepted hannity’s invitation to come on the show and given him the full cam’ron-dame dash-on-the o’reilly factor treatment, but the befuddling roundtable where no one seems to be on the same page is also something else.
(via mediaite)
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ðə əˈpɪnjənz ɪkˈsprɛst baɪ ˈkɑləmnəsts ər ðɛr oʊn ənd du nɑt ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ðə vjuz əv townhall.com*. ɪz ðə moʊst ˈɑnəst, nɑnˈpɑrtəzən ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvənt ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. ˈɔlsoʊ, hi liks ˈmɛmoʊz tɪ [ðə] ˈmidiə tɪ ˈsɛtəl ˈpərsɪnəl skɔrz əˈgɛnst [ðə] president.”*.” twit baɪ ˈnæʃənəl ˈreɪdiˌoʊ hoʊst bək ˈsɛkstən ʤeɪmz ɪz ə ˈvɪktɪm əv hɪz oʊn self-perception*. ˈsupərˌmæn, hi ɪz nɑt, ˌɔlˈðoʊ hɪz ʤun 8 ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni səˈʤɛsts hi siz hɪmˈsɛlf ðət weɪ. ə kaɪnd əv gaɪ, hu ˈmeɪbi θɔt hɪz ˈfɔrmər ʤɑb ɛz ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ dɪˈrɛktər wɑz ʤɪst ən ɪkˈstɛnʃən əv hɪz ˌsupərˈhiroʊ riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti tɪ ɪkˈspoʊz kərˈəpʃən ənd faɪt fər ““truth*, ˈʤəstɪs ənd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən way.”*.” ˌɪnˈstɛd, hɪz ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni rɪˈvilz ðə ˈɑpəzɪt: ɪz ə ˈlikər, ə ˈmɛˌmoʊ ˈmeɪkər ənd ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl saɪd ˈteɪkər. ˈrɛskjud ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən frəm ðə ˈbərnɪŋ ˌɪnˈfərˌnoʊ ˌɪgˈnaɪtɪd wɪn ðə ˈklæsəˌfaɪd iˈmeɪlz ʃi wɑz ˈsɛndɪŋ ɔn ən ˌɪˈligəl ˈpraɪvət ˈsərvər wər brɔt tɪ laɪt. ɪt lʊkt laɪk ə ʤɑb fər ˈsupərˌmæn, soʊ klɑrk swɪʧt hɪz ˈɔfəs əˈtaɪər fər səm keɪp ənd taɪts. hɪz əˈpɛrənt klɛrˈvɔɪəns ˌsupərˈpaʊər geɪv ɪm ðə mərˈækjələs əˈbɪləˌti tɪ drɔ ðə kənˈkluʒən ðət ˈlɔˌbreɪkɪŋ wɑz nɑt ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəl. ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wɑz necessary,”*,” sɛd ðə keɪpt kruˈseɪdər. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈhirɪŋ, ˈoʊpənli ədˈmɪtəd ðət ˈfɔrmər əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl lərˈɛtə lɪnʧ ˈɪnfluənst ðə ˈklɪntən iˈmeɪl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wɪn ʃi dɪˈrɛktɪd ɪm tɪ kɔl ɪt ə ““matter.”*.” ˈɑdli, noʊˈtɔriəs feeling”*” kɪk ɪn ðət deɪ tɪ riˈmaɪnd ɪm ðət ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs əˈlaɪnɪŋ ɪts ˈkɑmɛnts wɪθ ðə ˈklɪntən kæmˈpeɪn wɑz kərəpt. ˈkɑntræst ðət tɪ ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni əˈbaʊt ˈʤɛnərəl flɪn. rɪˈmeɪnd ˈsaɪlənt ɪn ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ril kərˈəpʃən, bət likt laɪk ə sɪv wɪn trəmp rɪˈpɔrtədli sɛd, hoʊp ju kən si jʊr weɪ klɪr tɪ ˈlɛtɪŋ ðɪs goʊ, tɪ ˈlɛtɪŋ flɪn goʊ. hi ɪz ə gʊd gaɪ. aɪ hoʊp ju kən lɛt ðɪs go.”*.” ðə læst aɪ ʧɛkt, hoʊp ɪz ə gʊd θɪŋ. ɪt minz tɪ wɪʃ ər ɪkˈspɛkt wɪθ ˈkɑnfədɛns: hoʊp hi gɪts hoʊp ðeɪ win...”*...” wɪn æst ɪf hi θɔt trəmp wɑz traɪɪŋ tɪ əbˈstrəkt ˈʤəstɪs ər ˈsɪmpli traɪɪŋ tɪ hɛlp flɪn seɪv feɪs, sɛd, θɪŋk fər mi tɪ seɪ ˈwɛðər ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən aɪ hæd wɪθ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt wɑz ən ˈɛfərt tɪ obstruct.”*.” soʊ, klɑrk likt hɪz ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən tɪ ə frɛnd hu likt ɪt tɪ ðə prɛs. saʊnz laɪk greɪd skul riˈvɛnʤ tɪ mi. ənd ə kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪri əˈbaʊt əbˈstrəkʃən əv ˈʤəstɪs wɑz waɪl pruf əv ril əbˈstrəkʃən əv ˈʤəstɪs wɑz əˈbɔrtɪd ˈsəmˌtaɪm bɪtˈwin ə ˈsikrɪt ˈmitɪŋ ɔn ə ˈfinɪks ˈtɑrˌmæk ənd ðə deɪ lərˈɛtə lɪnʧ dɪˈrɛktɪd tɪ kɔl iˈmeɪl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ə ““matter.”*.” ɪn ən ˌɛnˈlaɪtənɪŋ pis wɛl wərθ jʊr taɪm ˈrɪtən baɪ lɔ prəˈfɛsər ˈælən ɛm. ˈdərʃəˌwɪts fər fɑks nuz, ˈsteɪtmənt feɪlz tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ðə sˈmoʊkɪŋ gən ˈdɛməˌkræts craved.”*.” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈdərʃəˌwɪts, ˈrɪtən ˈsteɪtmənt prəˈvaɪd ˈɛvədəns əv əbˈstrəkʃən əv ˈʤəstɪs ər ˈɛni ˈəðər kraɪm. ““yet,”*,” hi roʊt, ˈɛvəri ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpəndət, ɪn ðɛr hæst tɪ ‘‘get’*’ ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp, həz ˈwɪlfəli ˌɪgˈnɔrd ðiz ˌriˈæləˌtiz. ɪn duɪŋ soʊ ðeɪ hæv ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd ɑr ˈsɪvəl ˈlɪbərˌtiz ənd ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl rights.”*.” ˈhirɪŋ ˌriɪnˈfɔrst dershowitz’*’ ˈsɛnəmənt ðət ˈdɛməˌkræts ər aʊt tɪ gɪt trəmp. wi glimd frəm ðɪs ˈhirɪŋ ðət ˈmɛni əv ðə liks ər bɪg nuz ˈstɔriz frəm əˈnɑnəməs ˈsɔrsəz wər laɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈstɔriz frəm ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ənd nu jɔrk taɪmz. wi ˈɔlsoʊ ˈlərnɪd ðə hoʊl ˈrəʃən kəˈluʒən ˈθɪri ɪz moʊst ˈlaɪkli kənˌspɪrəˈtɔriəl. ədˈmɪtəd hi wɑz ˈkɑnfədənt ðət kæst ɪn ðə 2016 ɪˈlɛkʃənz wər ˈɔltərd baɪ ˈrəʃənz. hi ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ðət ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp dɪd nɑt, æt ˈɛni taɪm, æsk ɪm tɪ stɑp ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ˈrəʃən ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn ðə ɪˈlɛkʃənz. hi sɛd noʊ wən ˈwərkɪŋ fər ðə trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs, æst ɪm tɪ stɑp ðə ˈrəʃən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, wi ˈlərnɪd ðət trəmp wɑz ˈnɛvər, ˈɛvər ˈəndər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, wən fækt ðət ðə ˈlikər ɪn ə ˌsupərˈhiroʊ sut feɪld tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ər ˈivɪn lik ənˈtɪl ʤun 8
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the opinions expressed by columnists are their own and do not represent the views of townhall.com.
“comey is the most honest, non-partisan public servant in america. also, he leaks memos to [the] media to settle personal scores against [the] president.” – tweet by national radio host buck sexton
james comey is a victim of his own self-perception.
superman, he is not, although his june 8 testimony suggests he sees himself that way. a mild-mannered kind of guy, who maybe thought his former job as fbi director was just an extension of his superhero responsibility to expose corruption and fight for “truth, justice and the american way.”
instead, his testimony reveals the opposite: comey is a leaker, a cover-his-derriere memo maker and a political side taker.
comey rescued hillary clinton from the burning inferno ignited when the classified emails she was sending on an illegal private server were brought to light. it looked like a job for superman, so clark comey switched his office attire for some cape and tights. his apparent clairvoyance superpower gave him the miraculous ability to draw the conclusion that hillary’s lawbreaking was not intentional. “no further investigation was necessary,” said the caped crusader.
during the hearing, comey openly admitted that former attorney general loretta lynch influenced the clinton email investigation when she directed him to call it a “matter.” oddly, comey’s notorious “gut feeling” didn’t kick in that day to remind him that the department of justice aligning its comments with the clinton campaign was deviously corrupt.
contrast that to comey’s testimony about general flynn. comey remained silent in the presence of real corruption, but leaked like a sieve when trump reportedly said, “i hope you can see your way clear to letting this go, to letting flynn go. … he is a good guy. i hope you can let this go.”
the last i checked, hope is a good thing. it means to wish or expect with confidence: “i hope he gets well...i hope they win...”
when asked if he thought trump was trying to obstruct justice or simply trying to help flynn save face, comey said, “i think it’s for me to say whether the conversation i had with the president was an effort to obstruct.” so, clark comey leaked his version of the conversation to a friend who leaked it to the press. sounds like grade school revenge to me.
and a conspiracy theory about obstruction of justice was birthed while proof of real obstruction of justice was aborted sometime between a secret meeting on a phoenix tarmac and the day loretta lynch directed comey to call clinton’s email investigation a “matter.”
in an enlightening piece well worth your time written by law professor alan m. dershowitz for fox news, “comey’s statement fails to deliver the smoking gun democrats craved.” according to dershowitz, comey’s written statement didn’t provide evidence of obstruction of justice -- or any other crime. “yet,” he wrote, “virtually every democratic pundit, in their hast to ‘get’ president trump, has willfully ignored these realities. in doing so they have endangered our civil liberties and constitutional rights.”
comey’s hearing reinforced dershowitz’ sentiment that democrats are out to get trump.
we gleamed from this hearing that many of the leaks or big news stories from anonymous sources were lies, including stories from cnn and new york times. we also learned the whole russian collusion theory is most likely conspiratorial.
comey admitted he was confident that zero…zilch…nada…votes cast in the 2016 elections were altered by russians. he verified that president trump did not, at any time, ask him to stop the fbi investigation into russian involvement in the elections. he said no one working for the trump administration, including the department of justice, asked him to stop the russian investigation.
most importantly, we learned that trump was never, ever under investigation, one hugely-big fact that the leaker in a superhero suit failed to mention or even leak until june 8.
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i’m* ə (rɪˈtaɪrd?) sɛks ˈwərkər ənd mɪs ˌsaɪˈgɑn tɛlz laɪz əˈbaʊt mi! aɪ æm nɑt dɛd nɔr du aɪ wɪʃ tɪ daɪ. maɪ ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ɪn sɛks wərk gɪv mi paʊər ənd ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt maɪ rɪˈzɪljəns. sɛks wərk wɑz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz gʊd tɪ mi ənd aɪ noʊ fər ˈmɛni ˈpipəl sɛks wərk ɪz nɑt ə ˈmætər əv ʧɔɪs. ˈrəðər ðən ˈɑnərɪŋ ðə dɪˈvərsɪti əv ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz wɪˈθɪn sɛks wərk baɪ əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ tɛl ɑr oʊn ˈstɔriz frəm ɑr pərˈspɛktɪvz, mɪs ˌsaɪˈgɑn dɪz ˈvaɪələns tɪ ɑr kəmˈjunɪtiz baɪ ˈfərðərɪŋ ðə ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪdəl ˈvɪʒən əv sɛks wərk ɛz ə klɪr pæθ tɪ dɛθ. aɪ æm əˈlaɪv ənd ɪt ɪz bɪˈkəz əv sɛks wərk. sɛks wərk əˈlaʊd mi tɪ teɪk kɛr əv ənd səˈpɔrt ˌmaɪˈsɛlf wɪn aɪ hæd fju ˈəðər ˈɔpʃənz. sɛks wərk wɑz nɑt ə blik ˌriˈæləˌti fər mi, ɪt wɑz maɪ ʧɔɪs ənd ɪt wɑz ðə raɪt ʧɔɪs fər mi æt ðət taɪm. sɛks wərk wɑz nɑt ən ˈɛfərt tɪ geɪn ə rɪʧ, meɪl, waɪt ˈseɪvjər tɪ prəˈtɛkt mi frəm ðə wərld ɪt wɑz ðə ˈækʃən aɪ tʊk tɪ seɪv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. mɪs ˌsaɪˈgɑn ə taɪərd ənd kliˈʃeɪ pɔrˈtreɪəl əv sɛks ˈwərkərz, ðə seɪm ˌæbəˈlɪʃənəst pɔrˈtreɪəl ðət həz rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ðə ˌkrɪmənələˈzeɪʃən, stigmatization*, əˈprɛʃən ənd əv sɛks ˈwərkərz ənd ɑr ˈstɔriz. ˈrəðər ðən ˈspɛndɪŋ ˈməni tɪ hir mɔr əv ðə ˌɪˈnækjərət ənd mɛst əp ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ɔn sɛks wərk ənd sɛks ˈwərkərz ðət ər əˈbəndəntli əˈveɪləbəl fər fri ɪn ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈkəlʧər, səˈpɔrt sɛks ˈwərkərz ˈtɛlɪŋ ɑr oʊn ˈstɔriz, frəm ɑr oʊn pərˈspɛktɪvz ənd ɑr oʊn ˈvɔɪsɪz æt ə ˈfrækʃən əv ðə kɔst əv ə ˈtɪkɪt tɪ si mɪs ˌsaɪˈgɑn. pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ ɪn ə ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri fɪlm ˈprɑʤɛkt wɛr ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd sɪks ˈəðər sɛks ˈwərkərz tɛl ˈstɔriz əˈbaʊt ɑr ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ɪn sɛks wərk! lərn mɔr əˈbaʊt ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt hir: http://www.redumbrelladiaries.com*/ ər, spɛnd jʊr ˈməni tɪ peɪ fər ə ˈloʊkəl sɛks taɪm ənd ðeɪ wɪl ʃoʊ ju wət ɪt minz tɪ bi ə sɛks ˈwərkər. lɛt mi noʊ ɪf laɪk ə ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃən fər ə ˈrɛpjətəbəl prəˈvaɪdər ɪn jʊr ˈɛriə! bɪˈliv ðə laɪz əv mɪs ˌsaɪˈgɑn sɛks ˈwərkərz ər əˈlaɪv ənd θˈraɪvɪŋ ɪn jʊr kəmˈjunɪti, ˈwɪlɪŋ ənd ˈeɪbəl tɪ spik ɑr oʊn truθs!
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i’m a (retired?) sex worker and miss saigon tells lies about me!
i am not dead nor do i wish to die. my experiences in sex work give me power and demonstrate my resilience. sex work was not always good to me and i know for many people sex work is not a matter of choice. rather than honoring the diversity of experiences within sex work by allowing us to tell our own stories from our perspectives, miss saigon does violence to our communities by furthering the genocidal vision of sex work as a clear path to death.
i am alive and it is because of sex work. sex work allowed me to take care of and support myself when i had few other options. sex work was not a bleak reality for me, it was my choice and it was the right choice for me at that time. sex work was not an effort to gain a rich, male, white savior to protect me from the world - it was the action i took to save myself.
miss saigon propagates a tired and cliche portrayal of sex workers, the same abolitionist portrayal that has resulted in the criminalization, stigmatization, oppression and erasure of sex workers and our stories. rather than spending money to hear more of the inaccurate and messed up messages on sex work and sex workers that are abundantly available for free in mainstream culture, support sex workers telling our own stories, from our own perspectives and our own voices - at a fraction of the cost of a ticket to see miss saigon. i’m participating in a documentary film project where myself and six other sex workers tell stories about our experiences in sex work! learn more about the project here: http://www.redumbrelladiaries.com/
or, spend your money to pay for a local sex worker’s time and they will show you what it *really* means to be a sex worker. let me know if you’d like a recommendation for a reputable provider in your area! don’t believe the lies of miss saigon - sex workers are alive and thriving in your community, willing and able to speak our own truths!
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wɛst hæm hæv wən naɪn əv 17 prɛˈmɪr lig ˈmæʧɪz ðɪs ˈsizən ənd ər fɔrθ ɪn ðə ˈteɪbəl goʊlz frəm ˈkɛrəl ənd ˈdaʊnɪŋ gɪv wɛst hæm ðə wɪn ˈhæmərz ənˈbitən ɪn ˈsɛvən hoʊm prɛˈmɪr lig geɪmz ˈlɛstər ˈmænɪʤər ˈpɪrsən ɔn fər ˈfɑksəz wɛst hæm rɪˈmeɪn fɔrθ, ˈlɛstər steɪ ˈbɑtəm wɛst hæm rɪˈmeɪn fɔrθ ɪn ðə prɛˈmɪr lig ˈæftər ˈbitɪŋ ə ˈlɛstər saɪd hu ər wɪˈθaʊt ə wɪn ɪn 12 geɪmz. ˈændi ˈkɛrəl pʊt ðə hoʊm saɪd əˈhɛd, ˈpaʊnsɪŋ ɔn ə pur frəm pɔl ˌbiˈfɔr ðə bɔl ˈoʊvər ðə bɛn ˈhæmər. stuərt ˈdaʊnɪŋ ˈdəbəld ðə hoʊsts' ædˈvæntɪʤ wɪθ ə ˈkərlɪŋ ʃɑt. wɛst hæm ˈgoʊlˌkipər ˈeɪdriən dɪˈnaɪd ˈdeɪvɪd ˈnuʤənt ənd ˌliəˈnɑrdoʊ uˈloʊə leɪt ɔn ɛz ðə ˈfɑksəz ˈsəfərd ðɛr ˈsɛvənθ səkˈsɛsɪv əˈweɪ prɛˈmɪr lig dɪˈfit. ˈmidiə ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪz nɑt səˈpɔrtɪd ɔn ðɪs dɪˈvaɪs tɔp fɔr spɑt dɪˈlaɪts ˈæftər ˈwɪnɪŋ pərˈmoʊʃən ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈprɑməsɪŋ stɑrt tɪ ðɛr kæmˈpeɪn, ˈnaɪʤəl ˈpɪrsənz ˈlɛstər hæv feɪld tɪ wɪn sɪns ə spɛkˈtækjələr ˈvɪktəri əˈgɛnst ˈmænˌʧɛstər juˈnaɪtɪd ɔn 21 sɛpˈtɛmbər. ðə ˈvɪzɪtərz ˈnɛvər lʊkt laɪk ˈərnɪŋ ə pɔɪnt ˈæftər ən ˈɛrər frəm, hu spɛnt tu jɪrz æt ˈəptən pɑrk frəm ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2005 tɪ ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2007 ˈgɪftɪd ˈkɛrəl ə goʊl wɪθ ən ˈɔfəl frəm ðə ˈhæfˈweɪ laɪn. wɛst hæm, huz haɪəst ˈɛvər prɛˈmɪr lig ˈfɪnɪʃ wɑz fɪθ ɪn ðə ˈsizən, wər əp 10 ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə breɪk wɪn ˈɪŋglənd ˈwɪŋər ˈdaʊnɪŋ prəˈdust ðə bɛst ˈmoʊmənt əv ən ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈskræpi mæʧ, wɪθ ə kərld ˈfɪnɪʃ fər hɪz fɔrθ goʊl əv ðə ˈsizən. ˈpɪrsən, hu ˈərliər ɪn ðə wik wɑz ˈhændɪd ə bæn, wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ teɪk hɪz pleɪs ɪn ðə ˈdəˌgaʊt ɛz hi ɪz əˈpilɪŋ əˈgɛnst ðət dɪˈsɪʒən ənd ˈmɪdˌweɪ θru ðə ˈsɛkənd hæf hi meɪd ə ˈtrɪpəl ˌsəbstɪˈtuʃən, ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ɔn ˈstraɪkərz uˈloʊə ənd ˈnuʤənt ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈænθɔˌni knockaert*. ˈmidiə ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪz nɑt səˈpɔrtɪd ɔn ðɪs dɪˈvaɪs ˈkɛrəl goʊl ə bɪg bloʊ ˈpɪrsən ˈnuʤənt geɪv ˈlɛstər mɔr əv ən əˈtækɪŋ θrɛt, ˈʃutɪŋ ˈoʊvər frəm ðə ɛʤ əv ðə ˈɛriə, ˌbiˈfɔr hi hæd ə ˈvɑli pʊʃt əˈweɪ baɪ ˈeɪdriən, hu ˈleɪtər ˈpɛrid ˈhɛdər. bət ðət wɑz ɛz gʊd ɛz ɪt gɑt fər ðə ˈfɑksəz ɛz wɛst hæm, hu ˈvɪzɪt lig ˈlidərz ˈʧɛlsi ɔn ˈbɑksɪŋ deɪ, kloʊzd aʊt ə dɪˈzərvd ˈvɪktəri. ˈlɛstər wɪl bi ˈbɑtəm əv ðə prɛˈmɪr lig ˈteɪbəl æt ˈkrɪsməs ənd ɪn ðə 22 ˈsizənz əv ðə ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ˈoʊnli ˈsəndərlənd, læst ˈsizən, ənd wɛst brɑm, ɪn hæv əˈvɔɪdɪd ˈæftər biɪŋ ɪn ˈsɪmələr pəˈzɪʃənz. mɔr ˈəptən pɑrk woʊ fər ˈlɛstər ˈlɛstər hæv ˈoʊnli wən wəns ɪn ðə lig ɪn ðɛr læst 28 trɪps tɪ ˈəptən pɑrk. ðət ˈvɪktəri keɪm ɪn ðə prɛˈmɪr lig ɪn ˈɔgəst 2000 wɪn ˈdɑrən ˈɛdi skɔrd ðə ˈoʊnli goʊl. wɛst hæm ˈmænɪʤər sæm sɛd: "biɪŋ fɔrθ ɪn ðə prɛˈmɪr lig ɪz ə greɪt ˈkrɪsməs ˈprɛzənt fər ˈɛvriˌbɑdi æt wɛst hæm. ˈhævɪŋ 31 pɔɪnts ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkrɪsməs ɪz ə ˈprɪti ˈmeɪʤər əˈʧivmənt fər ˈjuˈɛs. "ðɛr ɪz noʊ daʊt wi dɪˈzərvd tɪ wɪn wɪθ ðə kˈwɑləti ˈfɪnɪʃɪz frəm ˈændi ˈkɛrəl ənd stuərt ˈdaʊnɪŋ. stuərt ɪz wən əv ðə bɛst əˈtækɪŋ pleɪərz ɪn ðə prɛˈmɪr lig wɪθ ðə weɪ hi ɪz pleɪɪŋ, ənd hi ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ goʊlz ɔn ðə bæk əv ðət. ɪt ɪz ə ˈvɛri bɪg wɪn fər ˈjuˈɛs ˌbiˈfɔr wi hæv ˈʧɛlsi nɛkst. "nən əv ˈnaɪʤəl ˈpɪrsənz pleɪərz lɛt ɪm daʊn. ðeɪ geɪv ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ənd wɪn wi wɛnt əp ðeɪ kɔzd ˈjuˈɛs səm ˈprɑbləmz. hi ɪz ə ˈvɛri gʊd ˈmænɪʤər ənd hi həz pruvd ðət. aɪ hoʊp ðə kləb ər ˈpeɪʃənt wɪθ ɪm ənd gɪv ɪm səm fəndz tɪ spɛnd ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri." ˈlɛstər ˈsɪti ˈmænɪʤər ˈnaɪʤəl ˈpɪrsən sɛd: "ðə fərst goʊl wi kənˈsidɪd wɑz ə bɪg bloʊ fər ˈjuˈɛs, ðə ˈsɛkənd wɑz ə kˈwɑləti ˈfɪnɪʃ frəm stuərt ˈdaʊnɪŋ ənd wi kənˈtɪnju tɪ nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ teɪk ɑr ˈʧænsɪz. ðɛr ˈgoʊlˌkipər meɪd θri seɪvz ənd ɑr pleɪərz ər ˈvɛri ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd, bət ɑr ˈdɛstəni ɪz stɪl ɪn ɑr oʊn hænz. "aɪ kən lʊk maɪ pleɪərz ɪn ðɛr aɪz ənd si ðeɪ ər ˈvɛri məʧ əp fər ðə ˈʧælənʤ. wi hæv sin ɪˈnəf ˈpɑzətɪv pərˈfɔrmənsɪz tɪ səˈʤɛst wi wɪl tərn ɪt əraʊnd bət wi hæv tɪ du ɪt sun. "ɪt ɪz nɑt ə keɪs əv ˈʃərkɪŋ ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti ər ˈstɪkɪŋ maɪ hɛd ɪn ðə sænd. əm ˈvɛri əˈwɛr əv ɑr ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, bət wi ər ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ɪt." wɛst hæm ˈfɔrwərd ˈkɛrəlz straɪk wɑz hɪz θərd goʊl əv ðə ˈsizən ˈlɛstər ˈmænɪʤər ˈpɪrsən meɪ sərv ə bæn ɪn ðə fˈjuʧər ˈæftər ˌɪnˈsəltɪŋ ə fæn ɪn ə ˈpriviəs geɪm goʊl wɑz hɪz θərd ɪn hɪz læst ˈsɛvən prɛˈmɪr lig əˈpɪrənsəz ˈlɛstər ər faɪv pɔɪnts əˈdrɪft əv ˈseɪfti ˈæftər 17 prɛˈmɪr lig ˈmæʧɪz əv ðə ˈsizən
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west ham have won nine of 17 premier league matches this season and are fourth in the table
goals from carroll and downing give west ham the win
hammers unbeaten in seven home premier league games
leicester manager pearson on touchline for foxes
west ham remain fourth, leicester stay bottom
west ham remain fourth in the premier league after beating a leicester side who are without a win in 12 games.
andy carroll put the home side ahead, pouncing on a poor backpass from ex-hammer paul konchesky before dinking the ball over the on-rushing ben hamer.
stewart downing doubled the hosts' advantage with a curling 20-yard shot.
west ham goalkeeper adrian denied david nugent and leonardo ulloa late on as the foxes suffered their seventh successive away premier league defeat.
media playback is not supported on this device top four spot delights allardyce
after winning promotion and making a promising start to their top-flight campaign, nigel pearson's leicester have failed to win since a spectacular 5-3 victory against manchester united on 21 september.
the visitors never looked like earning a point after an error from konchesky, who spent two years at upton park from july 2005 to july 2007, gifted carroll a goal with an awful backpass from the halfway line.
west ham, whose highest ever premier league finish was fifth in the 1998-99 season, were 2-0 up 10 minutes after the break when england winger downing produced the best moment of an otherwise scrappy match, with a wonderfully-taken curled finish for his fourth goal of the season.
pearson, who earlier in the week was handed a one-game touchline ban, was able to take his place in the dugout as he is appealing against that decision and midway through the second half he made a triple substitution, bringing on strikers ulloa and nugent as well as midfielder anthony knockaert.
media playback is not supported on this device carroll goal a big blow - pearson
nugent gave leicester more of an attacking threat, shooting over from the edge of the area, before he had a close-range volley pushed away by adrian, who later parried ulloa's header.
but that was as good as it got for the foxes as west ham, who visit league leaders chelsea on boxing day, closed out a deserved victory.
leicester will be bottom of the premier league table at christmas and in the 22 seasons of the competition only sunderland, last season, and west brom, in 2004-05, have avoided relegation after being in similar positions.
more upton park woe for leicester leicester have only won once in the league in their last 28 trips to upton park. that victory came in the premier league in august 2000 when darren eadie scored the only goal.
west ham manager sam allardyce said:
"being fourth in the premier league is a great christmas present for everybody at west ham. having 31 points before christmas is a pretty major achievement for us.
"there is no doubt we deserved to win with the quality finishes from andy carroll and stewart downing. stewart is one of the best attacking players in the premier league with the way he is playing, and he is getting goals on the back of that. it is a very big win for us before we have chelsea next.
"none of nigel pearson's players let him down. they gave everything and when we went 2-0 up they caused us some problems. he is a very good manager and he has proved that. i hope the club are patient with him and give him some funds to spend in january."
leicester city manager nigel pearson said:
"the first goal we conceded was a big blow for us, the second was a quality finish from stewart downing and we continue to not be able to take our chances. their goalkeeper made three saves and our players are very disappointed, but our destiny is still in our own hands.
"i can look my players in their eyes and see they are very much up for the challenge. we have seen enough positive performances to suggest we will turn it around but we have to do it soon.
"it is not a case of shirking the responsibility or sticking my head in the sand. i'm very aware of our situation, but we are capable of changing it."
west ham forward carroll's first-half strike was his third goal of the season
leicester manager pearson may serve a one-match touchline ban in the future after insulting a fan in a previous game
downing's goal was his third in his last seven premier league appearances
leicester are five points adrift of safety after 17 premier league matches of the season
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aɪv bɪn ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ seɪ ðɪs fər ə waɪl naʊ ənd, sɪns ˈfaɪnəli ədˈmɪtəd ɪt wɑz ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ən ˈsikwəl, ðɪs simz laɪk ɛz gʊd ə taɪm ɛz ˈɛni:: ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ dɪˈfɛns ɪz ðə ˈgreɪtəst geɪm ˈɛvər meɪd. ɪts ə boʊld kleɪm, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli fər səʧ ən oʊld geɪm, bət wɑz jɪrz əˈhɛd əv ɪts taɪm ənd noʊ geɪm sɪns həz ˈɛvər ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ɔn ɪt. fər ðoʊz hu doʊnt noʊ ənd ˈgɪvɪn ðət ɪt wɑz riˈlist ɪn 1994 ðət meɪ bi kwaɪt ə fju əv ju : ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ dɪˈfɛns (ərˈɪʤənəli kɔld ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ ˈɛnəmi ənˈnoʊn ɪn ðə uk*) wɑz ən ˈeɪliən ˌɪnˈveɪʒən geɪm ðət kəmˈbaɪnd ə ˈkəmfərtəbli fəˈmɪljər toʊn ənd ðə ˈərli ˌɛkstrətərˈɛstriəl ˌpɛrəˈnɔɪə ˈkæpʧərd ɪn ʃoʊz laɪk ðə x-files*. ju lɛd ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl tim tæskt wɪθ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ənd kəmˈbætɪŋ ən ˈeɪliən ˌɪnˈveɪʒən. ju bɪˈgɪn baɪ ˈʃutɪŋ daʊn ˈtaɪni skaʊt ʃɪps, bət sun ɛnd əp ˈstɑpɪŋ ˌɪnˈveɪʒənz əv ˈmeɪʤər wərld ˈsɪtiz, ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli teɪk ðə faɪt dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ðə ˈeɪliənz ðɛmˈsɛlvz. iʧ mənθ ðə ˈneɪʃənz əv ðə wərld æd tɪ ər səbˈtrækt frəm jʊr ˈbəʤɪt beɪst ɔn haʊ səkˈsɛsfəl juv bɪn, soʊ ðɛrz trɪˈmɛndəs ˈprɛʃər tɪ du wɛl. ju juz ðɪs ˈməni tɪ peɪ fər ˈsoʊlʤərz tɪ faɪt fər ju, ˈsaɪəntɪsts tɪ ənˈlɑk ðə ˈsikrɪts əv ˈeɪliən tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz tɪ bɪld ðə tulz ju nid tɪ stɑp ðə ˌɪnˈveɪʒən. æt fərst, ɪts ʤɪst hænd grəˈneɪdz ənd ˈrɛntɪd ʤɛt ˈfaɪtərz, bət jul sun ˈgræʤəˌweɪt tɪ flaɪɪŋ suts əv ˈɑrmər, maɪnd kənˈtroʊl ˈwɛpənz ənd jʊr oʊn ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊz. jul ˈɔlsoʊ nid tɪ ɪkˈspænd jʊr ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp ˈbeɪsɪz əraʊnd ðə wərld ənd ˈʃutɪŋ daʊn ˈeɪliənz ˈoʊvər ðə skaɪz əv tərˈɑntoʊ, bərˈlɪn ər ˈsɪdni. ɛz ɪn moʊst greɪt ˈstrætəʤi geɪmz, ðɛrz ˈnɛvər ɪˈnəf taɪm ər ˈməni tɪ du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ju wɔnt tɪ du, ənd ˈbɛrli ɪˈnəf tɪ du ɔl ðə θɪŋz ju ˌæbsəˈlutli nid tɪ du tɪ steɪ əˈlaɪv. ɪf ðɪs ˌsɪmjəˈleɪʃən əv ləˈʤɪstɪks ənd ˈmænɪʤmənt wɑz ɔl ðɛr wɑz tɪ, ɪt wʊd stɪl bi wən əv maɪ ˌɔlˈtaɪm ˈfeɪvərɪt geɪmz, bət wət muvz ˈɪntu ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri ər ðə ˈtæktɪkəl ˈbætəlz. si, ˈɛvəri taɪm ə ˌjuˌɛˈfoʊ ˈkræʃɪz, ər ˈeɪliənz ˌɪnˈveɪd ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈsɪti, ər ju faɪnd ə ˈhɪdən ˈeɪliən beɪs, ər ðə ˈeɪliənz faɪnd wən əv jʊr ˈhɪdən ˈbeɪsɪz, ju gɪt tɪ teɪk ʧɑrʤ əv ðə ˈbætəl ɪn ə ˈfɔrˌmæt. ju lænd jʊr ˈdəzən ər soʊ ˈtrupərz ɔn ðə fild ənd hæv tɪ hənt daʊn iʧ ənd ˈɛvəri ˈeɪliən ɔn ðə mæp. lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ wər ˈpɑpjələrˌaɪzd baɪ ˈəðər geɪmz, meɪd juz əv ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts, tru fɔg əv wɔr, məræl ˈsɪstəm, ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl stæts, veterancy*, ənd ə hoʊst əv ˈəðər ˌɪnəˈveɪʃənz wi teɪk fər ˈgrænɪd ðiz deɪz. jʊr ˈtrupərz gɑt ˈbɛtər æt ˈsərtən tæsks ənd wər ˈivɪn prəˈmoʊtəd ɪf ðeɪ sərˈvaɪvd. kəm bæk frəm ə ˈmɪʃən ənd ju maɪt faɪnd ðət wən əv jʊr gaɪz wɑz ˈfæstər, ər kʊd ˈkɛri mɔr stəf wɪˈθaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈwɪri. wət ˈrɪli soʊld ðə hoʊl ɪkˈspɪriəns wɑz ðət ju kʊd riˈneɪm jʊr ˈtrupərz. aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz neɪmd ðɛm ˈæftər ˈpipəl aɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli nu, wɪʧ meɪd ɪt ɔl ðə mɔr ˌɪnˈtɛns wɪn ðə ˈpɛrəlz əv ˈkɑmbæt bɪˈgæn tɪ θɪn ðə ræŋks. ɪt wɑz ðə ˈhənərdz əv ˈlɪtəl ˈpərsɪnəl ˈstɔriz ðət ənˈfoʊldəd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈtæktɪkəl geɪm, ənd ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl strəˈtiʤɪk ˈkɑntɛkst əv ðə kæmˈpeɪn, ðət meɪk ðə ˈgreɪtəst geɪm əv ɔl taɪm. aɪ bɔt ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈvərʒən, aɪ bɔt ðə ˈbəndəl wɪn ɪt keɪm aʊt, ənd aɪ ˈrisəntli bɔt ðə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈbəndəl ɔn stim. ðɛr ˈɑrənt ˈmɛni θɪŋz aɪv bɔt mɔr ðən wəns ðə ˈbitəlz' ˈælbəmz, ðə stɑr wɔrz ˈmuviz, ə fju ˈfeɪvərɪt bʊks bət ɪz wɛl wərθ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ aɪv ˈɛvər peɪd fər ɪt ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz. wɪn ˈfaɪnəli ədˈmɪtəd ɪts ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ðə ˈriˈmeɪk, aɪ wɑz ˈkɑnfədənt ðə tim kʊd pʊl ɪt ɔf. ˈæftər ɔl, ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ ðət riˈlɔnʧt əˈnəðər əv maɪ ɔl taɪm ˈfeɪvərɪts, ˈpaɪrəts!, ənd ˈmænɪʤd tɪ brɪŋ ɪt əp tɪ deɪt wɪˈθaʊt ˈluzɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət meɪd ðə ərˈɪʤənəl geɪm soʊ loveable*. bət ɪts ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈstudiˌoʊ ðət pruvd ɪts stɪl ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ teɪk ˈʧænsɪz wɪθ ɪts kɔr ˈfrænˌʧaɪz wɪθ ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən: ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ənd ðə ˈrisənt ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən vi. soʊ waɪl pɑrt əv mi wɔnts tɪ seɪ "ʤɪst ˈəpˌdeɪt ðə ˈgræfɪks ənd ˈmeɪbi ðə ɪkˈwɪpmənt ˈɪnərˌfeɪs," əˈnəðər pɑrt əv mi ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd tɪ si traɪ tɪ ʃeɪk θɪŋz əp ə bɪt. ðə ˈfəni θɪŋ ɪz, ˈivɪn wɪθ ðə ˈdeɪtɪd ˈgræfɪks ənd ˈtɛrəbəl ˈɪnərˌfeɪs, aɪ kip ˈkəmɪŋ bæk tɪ. ɪn ðə 17 jɪrz sɪns ðə geɪmz fərst riˈlis hir ɪn ðə steɪts, ˈoʊnli ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv geɪmz hæv ˈivɪn kəm kloʊz tɪ ˈkæpʧərɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈspɪrɪt. ðɛr wɑz ʤægd əˈlaɪəns, əv kɔrs, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈʃæˌdoʊ wɔʧ ənd ðə ˈtræʤɪkli ˈoʊvərˌlʊkt ˈsaɪlənt stɔrm. ənd waɪl ðoʊz geɪmz, ɪn ðɛr ˈbɛtər ˈmoʊmənts æt list, meɪ hæv bɪn ɛz ˈtæktɪkəli ˈsætɪsˌfaɪɪŋ ɛz, ðeɪ lækt ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈɛləmənt əv ˈfaɪtɪŋ bæk ən ˈeɪliən ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd jʊr ˈsɪstər, ənd jʊr ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈtiʧər, ənd ðə kjut gərl ju hæd ə krəʃ ɔn æt wərk. ðæts wət meɪd wərk fər mi. ɛz lɔŋ ɛz gɪts ðət pɑrt əv ðə geɪm raɪt, aɪ doʊnt si haʊ ðeɪ kən goʊ rɔŋ.
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i've been wanting to say this for a while now and, since firaxis finally admitted it was working on an x-com sequel, this seems like as good a time as any: x-com: ufo defense is the greatest game ever made. it's a bold claim, particularly for such an old game, but x-com was years ahead of its time and no game since has ever managed to improve on it.
for those who don't know -- and given that it was released in 1994, that may be quite a few of you -- x-com: ufo defense (originally called ufo enemy unknown in the uk) was an alien invasion game that combined a comfortably familiar b-movie tone and the early 90's extraterrestrial paranoia captured in shows like the x-files. you lead an international team tasked with investigating and combating an alien invasion.
you begin by shooting down tiny scout ships, but soon end up stopping full-on invasions of major world cities, and eventually take the fight directly to the aliens themselves. each month the nations of the world add to or subtract from your budget based on how successful you've been, so there's tremendous pressure to do well. you use this money to pay for soldiers to fight for you, scientists to unlock the secrets of alien technology, and engineers to build the tools you need to stop the invasion. at first, it's just hand grenades and rented jet fighters, but you'll soon graduate to flying suits of armor, mind control weapons and your own custom-built ufos. you'll also need to expand your operations, opening up bases around the world and shooting down aliens over the skies of toronto, berlin or sydney. as in most great strategy games, there's never enough time or money to do everything you want to do, and barely enough to do all the things you absolutely need to do to stay alive.
if this simulation of logistics and management was all there was to x-com, it would still be one of my all-time favorite games, but what moves x-com into i-want-to-have-its-babies territory are the tactical battles. see, every time a ufo crashes, or aliens invade a major city, or you find a hidden alien base, or the aliens find one of your hidden bases, you get to take charge of the battle in a turn-based format. you land your dozen or so troopers on the field and have to hunt down each and every alien on the map.
long before they were popularized by other games, x-com made use of destructible environments, true fog of war, morale system, individual stats, veterancy, line-of-sight and a host of other innovations we take for granted these days. your troopers got better at certain tasks and were even promoted if they survived. come back from a mission and you might find that one of your guys was faster, or could carry more stuff without getting weary. what really sold the whole experience was that you could rename your troopers. i always named them after people i actually knew, which made it all the more intense when the perils of combat began to thin the ranks. it was the hundreds of little personal stories that unfolded during the tactical game, and the overall strategic context of the campaign, that make x-com the greatest game of all time.
i bought the original version, i bought the rerelease bundle when it came out, and i recently bought the digital bundle on steam. there aren't many things i've bought more than once - the beatles' albums, the star wars movies, a few favorite books - but x-com is well worth everything i've ever paid for it over the years. when firaxis finally admitted it's in charge of the remake, i was confident the team could pull it off. after all, this is the studio that relaunched another of my all time favorites, pirates!, and managed to bring it up to date without losing anything that made the original game so loveable. but it's also the studio that proved it's still willing to take chances with its core franchise with civilization: revolution and the recent civilization v. so while part of me wants to say "just update the graphics and maybe the equipment interface," another part of me is actually interested to see firaxis try to shake things up a bit.
the funny thing is, even with the dated graphics and terrible interface, i keep coming back to x-com. in the 17 years since the game's first release here in the states, only a handful of games have even come close to capturing the same spirit. there was jagged alliance, of course, as well as shadow watch and the tragically overlooked silent storm. and while those games, in their better moments at least, may have been as tactically satisfying as x-com, they lacked the personal element of fighting back an alien invasion alongside your sister, and your english teacher, and the cute girl you had a crush on at work. that's what made x-com work for me. as long as firaxis gets that part of the game right, i don't see how they can go wrong.
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supercars* ˈvɛtərən gɑrθ bɪˈlivz kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ ʃʊd bi splɪt ˈɪntu tu ˈsɛʃənz æt ˈʃɔrtər ˈsərkəts tɪ əˈvɔɪd ə rɪˈpit əv ˈrisənt wɪθ sloʊər ˈtræfɪk. ðə kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ ˈɪʃu wɑz wəns əˈgɛn ɪn ðə ˈspɑˌtlaɪt æt ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd ɛz skɑt məˈglɑklən ˈblæstɪd pæst naɪn sloʊ kɑz ɔn hɪz ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ hɑt lɑp ˌbiˈfɔr ˈfaɪnəli ɪˈlɛktɪŋ tɪ bæk aʊt. ɪt ˈfɑloʊd ən ˈivɪn sin ˈərliər ɪn ðə jɪr æt ˌbɑrbəˈgæloʊ wɛr ʃeɪn væn tʊk tɪ ðə græs æt ˈhaɪˌspid tɪ əˈvɔɪd ə ˈgægəl əv sloʊ ˈnisɑnz. məˈglɑklən ənd væn strɛst æt ðət əp tɪ ðə timz tɪ boʊθ ˈmænɪʤ wɪn tɪ sɛnd ðɛr kɑz aʊt ənd ˌɪnˈfɔrm ðə ˈdraɪvər əv hu ɪz əˈproʊʧɪŋ. ˌɪnˈsaɪd poʊld ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈəðər ˈdraɪvərz ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ɔn ðə ˈmætər ˈoʊvər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd, wɪθ ˈvɛriɪŋ əˈpɪnjənz ɪkˈsprɛst. θɪŋk træks ˈəndər ə ˈsərtən saɪz, laɪk pərθ, pleɪnz, hir (ipswich*) ənd ˈmeɪbi ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈəðərz, wi ʃʊd splɪt kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ up,”*,” toʊld ðə ˈproʊˌgræm. juzd tɪ rən tu kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ ˈsɛʃənz. ɪt. ʤɑb done.”*.” ʤeɪmz ˈmɑfət səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈsɪstəm, wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ splɪts əp ðə fild ˈɪntu ˈdɪfərənt ˈsɛʃənz, ʃʊd bi lʊkt æt. ðə ˈfɔrˌmæt siz ðə tɔp 10 ˈraɪdərz frəm ˈfaɪnəl ˈpræktɪs ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli ˈprɑˌgrɛs tɪ waɪl ðə rɛst ˈbætəl ɪt aʊt ɪn ə ˈsɛʃən fər tu rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈpleɪsɪz. splɪt kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ, beɪst ɔn ˈəpər ənd loʊər 50 pərˈsɛnt taɪmz frəm ˈpræktɪs, həz bɪn juzd ɪn boʊθ ðə meɪn ənd ˈdənˌlɑp ˈsɪriz ɪn ðə pæst. ɪt wɑz drɑpt frəm boʊθ tirz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, du tɪ kəmˈpleɪnts ðət ðə fərst ˈsɛʃən wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɔlˌweɪz ˌdɪsədˈvænɪʤd baɪ ðə ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ træk kənˈdɪʃənz. ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr æt ʃɛl ˈreɪsɪŋ, ˈluˌdoʊ ləˈkrɔɪ, tʊk ðə bleɪm fər sɪˈnɛrioʊ ənd ʤɔɪnd ðoʊz səˈʤɛstɪŋ timz məst ˈmænɪʤ wɪθ ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈfɔrˌmæt. bleɪm ˌmaɪˈsɛlf fər ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪm ɪn ðət position,”*,” hi sɛd. ɪz ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə tɪ gɪt ə klin træk. ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈsəmˌbɑdi æt ðə frənt ənd ˈsəmˌbɑdi æt ðə bæk. wi traɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ (goʊɪŋ aʊt ˈərli). nid tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðət ðə timz ər duɪŋ ðə raɪt θɪŋ, ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ðɛr ˈdraɪvərz, ənd moʊst əv ðɛm du ɪt. aɪ θɪŋk wi nid tɪ self-regulate.”*.” θri ˈdraɪvərz wər fər ˌɪmˈpidɪŋ ˈəðərz ɔn ˈsənˌdi, wɪθ li ˈhoʊldzˌwərθ ðə moʊst ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl əˈfɛndər ˈæftər ˈhoʊldɪŋ əp kreɪg ˈloʊndiz æt ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈkɔrnər. ˈɛvəri ˈsərkət həz ə ˈspɛsəˌfaɪd 'goʊ pɔɪnt' fər ˈstɑrtɪŋ kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ læps wɪʧ ɪz ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd, bət nɑt ˈmændəˌtɔri, ɔn ðə graʊnz ðət ɪt wʊd bi ˈvɛri hɑrd tɪ pəˈlis. ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər ənd ˌɪnˈsaɪd nil ˈkrɑmptən ˈædɪd hɪz θɔts ɔn ðə kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət nɑt ə nu ˈɪʃu. bɪn ˈhæpənɪŋ fər ˈdɛkeɪdz, aɪ noʊ ɪf məʧ ju kən du əˈbaʊt it,”*,” hi sɛd. rul sɪz ˌɪmˈpid, soʊ ðə ˈoʊnəs ɪz ɔn ðə timz tɪ kip ðə ˈdraɪvərz ˌɪnˈfɔrmd. ə ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈdɪfəkəlt θɪŋ ənd ðə mɔr ju traɪ ənd raɪt ə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ðə ˈhɑrdər ɪt gɪts bɪˈkəz ðə lɔ əv ˌənɪnˈtɛndɪd ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz kɪks ɪn. ju splɪt ðə ˈsɛʃənz ənd wən ɪz wɛt ənd wən ɪz draɪ, ər ðeɪ stɑrt ˈkɑrpɪŋ əˈbaʊt wən ˈsɛʃən wɑz ˈfæstər ðən ðə other…*…. gɑt tɪ ənd ˈmænɪʤ ɪt. ɪf ɔn ðə træk gɑt tɪ kip ən aɪ ɔn ðə ˈmɪrər ənd ɪf ɔn ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ gɑt tɪ kip ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ˌɪnˈfɔrmd. gɑt tɪ lərn tɪ ləv iʧ other.”*.”
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supercars veteran garth tander believes qualifying should be split into two sessions at shorter circuits to avoid a repeat of recent near-misses with slower traffic.
the qualifying issue was once again in the spotlight at the weekend as scott mclaughlin blasted past nine slow cars on his saturday hot lop before finally electing to back out.
it followed an even sketchier scene earlier in the year at barbagallo where shane van gisbergen took to the grass at high-speed to avoid a gaggle of slow nissans.
mclaughlin and van gisbergen stressed at ipswich that it’s up to the teams to both manage when to send their cars out and inform the driver of who is approaching.
inside supercars polled a number of other drivers and engineers on the matter over the weekend, with varying opinions expressed.
“i think tracks under a certain size, like perth, symmons plains, here (ipswich) and maybe a couple of others, we should split qualifying up,” tander told the program.
“we used to run two qualifying sessions. that’s it. job done.”
team-mate james moffat suggested that the current motogp system, which also splits up the field into different sessions, should be looked at.
the format sees the top 10 riders from final practice automatically progress to q2, while the rest battle it out in a q1 session for two remaining q2 places.
split qualifying, based on upper and lower 50 percent times from practice, has been used in both the main and dunlop super2 series in the past.
it was dropped from both tiers, however, due to complaints that the first session was almost always disadvantaged by the evolving track conditions.
mclaughlin’s engineer at shell v-power racing, ludo lacroix, took the blame for saturday’s scenario and joined those suggesting teams must manage with the current format.
“i blame myself for putting him in that position,” he said.
“it is very difficult for us in the middle of the pitlane to get a clean track. there’s always somebody at the front and somebody at the back. we tried something (going out early).
“we need to make sure that the teams are doing the right thing, talking to their drivers, and most of them do it. i think we need to self-regulate.”
three drivers were penalised for impeding others on sunday, with lee holdsworth the most high-profile offender after holding up craig lowndes at the final corner.
every circuit has a specified 'go point' for starting qualifying laps which is recommended, but not mandatory, on the grounds that it would be very hard to police.
supercars commentator and inside supercars panellist neil crompton added his thoughts on the qualifying situation, noting that it’s not a new issue.
“it’s been happening for decades, i don’t know if there’s much you can do about it,” he said.
“the rule says don’t impede, so the onus is on the teams to keep the drivers informed.
“it’s a very, very difficult thing and the more you try and write a regulation the harder it gets because the law of unintended consequences kicks in.
“if you split the sessions and one is wet and one is dry, or they start carping about one session was faster than the other….
“you’ve got to self-regulate and manage it. if you’re on the track you’ve got to keep an eye on the mirror and if you’re on the radio you’ve got to keep everybody informed.
“you’ve got to learn to love each other.”
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ˈrisənt wiks hæv sin ˌənsərˈpæst dɪˈsɑnəsti ənd ˌɪrəˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti frəm ˈnæʃənəl pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈlidərz ɔn ɔˈstreɪljən ˈklaɪmɪt ənd ˈɛnərʤi ˈpɑləsi ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈɪʃu wi naʊ feɪs. ðə ˈmæntrə ˈtrɑtɪd aʊt kənˈtɪnjuəli baɪ ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən əˈlaɪk ɪz ðət ɪz pɑrt əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɛnərʤi mɪks ənd wɪl bi soʊ fər ˈdɛkeɪdz tɪ come”*” 1 koʊl ˈɪndəstri ˈlidərz ənd ˈlɑbiɪsts. ˈstrɪktli tru, bət ɪt ɪz ə ˈræpədli dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ pɑrt ɪf wi ər tɪ mit ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənts əv ðə ˈpɛrɪs ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ əˈgrimənt, wɪʧ ɔˈstreɪljə ˈrætəˌfaɪd ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər. ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɛnərʤi ˈleɪtəst æˈnælɪsɪs ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts ˈgloʊbəl koʊl dɪˈmænd ˈfɑlɪŋ 50 baɪ 2040 2 bət fækts ər ˌɪˈrɛləvənt ɛz ðɪs ˈmæntrə ɪz juzd tɪ ˈræpɪd ɪkˈspænʧən əv ɑr oʊn koʊl pərˈdəkʃən, tɪ meɪnˈteɪn security”*” dəˈmɛstɪkli fər ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪn sɑ, ənd tɪ poverty”*” wɪθ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈɛkspɔrts baɪ dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈnumərəs nu koʊl maɪnz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪn ðə kˈwinzˌlænd ˈgæləˌli ˈbeɪsən. ðə ɛˈsɛnʃəl pɔɪnt ˌɪgˈnɔrd ɪn ðɪs ˈpɑsʧərɪŋ ɪz ðət wi naʊ feɪs rɪsks frəm ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ fɑr bɪɔnd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ækˈnɑlɪʤd əˈfɪʃəli hir ər ˈoʊvərˈsiz. ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈgrimənt keɪm ˈɪntu fɔrs ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər. ɪt rikˈwaɪərz ðə 195 ˈkəntriz pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ tɪ hoʊld ˈgloʊbəl ˈævərɪʤ ˈtɛmpərəʧər tɪ bɪˈloʊ əˈbəv ˈlɛvəlz ənd tɪ pərˈsu ˈɛfərts tɪ ˈlɪmət ðə ˌɪnˈkris tɪ 1.50c”*” 3 ˈɛni ˈbælənst əˈsɛsmənt əv ðə ˈklaɪmɪt saɪəns ənd ˈɛvədəns ækˈsɛpts ðət ðət ˈgloʊbəl ˈwɔrmɪŋ ɪz ˈdrɪvən praɪˈmɛrəli baɪ ˈjumən ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃənz frəm ˈfɑsəl fjuəl kəmˈbəsʧən, ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər ənd lænd ˈklɪrɪŋ, ˌsupərəmˈpoʊzd ɔn ˈnæʧərəl ˈklaɪmɪt vɛriəˈbɪlɪti, ənd ðət ɪt ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ ˈfæstər ənd mɔr ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli ðən ˈpriviəsli ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd. ɪn ðɪs ˈkɑntɛkst, ˈsaɪəntɪsts hæv lɔŋ bɪn kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðə ɪkˈstrim point”*” rɪsks əv ðə ˈklaɪmɪt ˈsɪstəm; nɑnˈlɪˌniər ˈpɑzətɪv wɪʧ ˈtrɪgər ˈræpɪd, ˌɪrɪˈvərsəbəl ənd ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ʧeɪnʤ. ðiz ər naʊ ˈkɪkɪŋ ɪn. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈɑrtɪk ˈwɛðər kənˈdɪʃənz ər bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ənˈsteɪbəl ɛz ˈʤɛtˌstrim ˌfləkʧuˈeɪʃənz wɔrm ðə ˈriʤən ər mɔr əˈbəv ˈnɔrməl ˈlɛvəlz; si aɪs ɪz æt ən ˌɔlˈtaɪm loʊ wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈɛvədəns əv ˈmɛˌθeɪn ɪˈmɪʃənz frəm ˈmɛltɪŋ 4 ˈgrinˌlænd ənd æˈnɑrtɪk aɪs ʃits ər ˈmɛltɪŋ æt ˈwərstˈkeɪs reɪts 5 wɪθ ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər ˈsɛvərəl ˈmitər si ˈlɛvəl raɪz ðɪs ˈsɛnʧəri. ðə æˈnɑrtɪk ˈlɑrsən aɪs ʃit ənd paɪn ˈaɪlənd ˈgleɪʃər ər ʃoʊɪŋ saɪnz əv ˈmeɪʤər ˈbreɪˌkəp ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈwɔrmɪŋ ˈsəðərn ˈoʊʃən ˈwɔtərz, ə ˈprɔˌsɛs wɪʧ ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli naʊ ˌɪrɪˈvərsəbəl 6 ˈkɔrəl rifs əraʊnd ðə wərld, nɑt list ðə greɪt ˈbɛriər rif, ər daɪɪŋ ɔf ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈrɛkərd haɪ si ˈtɛmpərəʧərz. ˈmeɪʤər tərˈɛstriəl ˈkɑrbən sɪŋks ər ʃoʊɪŋ saɪnz əv bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈkɑrbən emitters*. ənd məʧ mɔr. ðə ˈsoʊʃəl dɪsˈrəpʃən ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ, ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ɪkˈstɛnsɪv fɔrst maɪˈgreɪʃən ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk kəˈlæps ɪn səm ˈkəntriz. ðə ˈrɛfjuʤi ˈkraɪsəs ɪnˈgəlfɪŋ ˈjʊrəp, ˈɛməˌneɪtɪŋ frəm ˈsɪriə ənd nɔrθ ˈæfrɪkɑ, ɪz ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ ˈdrɪvən ənd ə priˈkərsər əv ˈgreɪtər ˈkɑnflɪkt əˈhɛd. wɪˈθaʊt ˈræpɪd ˈkɑrbən ɪˈmɪʃən rɪˈdəkʃənz fɑr ˈgreɪtər ðən ˈpɛrɪs kəˈmɪtmənts, ðə ˈplænət wɪl bɪˈkəm ənˈgəvərnəbəl. jɛt nən əv ðɪs reɪts ə ˈmɛnʃən ɪn ɑr ˌɔrˈwɛliən ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri dəˈbeɪts, wɪʧ kənˈtɪnju ɪn blaɪð ˈɪgnərəns, ər dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt dɪˈstɔrʃən, əv ðə fækts. ˈdeɪnʤərəs ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ, wɪʧ ðə ˈpɛrɪs əˈgrimənt ənd ɪts ˈfɔˌrənərz sik tɪ əˈvɔɪd, ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ æt ðə ˌɪnˈkris ɔˈrɛdi ɪkˈspɪriənst. ɪt ɪz naʊ ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ steɪ bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈpɛrɪs ˌæspərˈeɪʃən. tɪ hæv ə ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ʧæns, seɪ 90 əv steɪɪŋ bɪˈloʊ ˈivɪn, minz ðət noʊ nu ˈfɑsəl fjuəl ˈprɑʤɛkts kən bi bɪlt ˈgloʊbəli, ðət ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli koʊl, hæv tɪ bi ˈræpədli ˌriˈpleɪst wɪθ loʊ ˈkɑrbən ɔlˈtərnətɪvz, ənd ðət ˈkɑrbən ˌsɛkwəˈstreɪʃən tɛkˈnɑləʤiz wɪʧ du nɑt ˈkərəntli ɪgˈzɪst hæv tɪ bi ˈræpədli dɪˈplɔɪd æt skeɪl 7 8 moʊst ˈdeɪnʤərəsli, ðə ˈklaɪmɪt ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts meɪd təˈdeɪ du nɑt ˈmænəˌfɛst ðɛmˈsɛlvz fər ˈdɛkeɪdz tɪ kəm. ɪf wi weɪt fər kəˈtæstrəfi tɪ ˈhæpən, ɛz wi ər duɪŋ, ɪt wɪl bi tu leɪt tɪ ækt. ðɪs trænˈzɪʃən ɪz ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd. wi hæv ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ðə ˌɛkspərˈtiz ənd wɛlθ tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈhæpən. wət wi læk ɪz ðə məˈʧʊrəti tɪ sɛt əˈsaɪd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤiz, ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ˈkɔrpərət ɪkˈspidiənsi ənd ʃɪr stuˈpɪdɪˌti tɪ kˈwɑpərˌeɪt ɪn ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪntəˌrɛst. ənd moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli, taɪm. ˈɛni ˌriəˈlɪstɪk ʧæns əv əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˈaʊtˌkəmz, rikˈwaɪərz ˈimərʤənsi ˈækʃən tɪ fɔrs ðə peɪs əv ʧeɪnʤ, ˈstɑrtɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈsɪriəs praɪs ɔn ˈkɑrbən tɪ riˈmuv ðə ˈmæsɪv ˈsəbsɪdi ˈprɑpɪŋ əp ˈfɑsəl fjuəlz. ðə læst θɪŋ ðə wərld nidz ɪz ə nu koʊl ˈprɑvɪns ɛz prəˈpoʊzɪz ɪn kˈwinzˌlænd. ər ˈɛni ˈəðər nu koʊl maɪnz, ər ɔɪl ənd gæs ɪkˈspænʧən. ˈmæsɪv ˈpɑvərti wʊd bi kriˈeɪtɪd nɑt əˈliviˌeɪtɪd. ðə ˈaɪrəni ɪz ðət ðɪs trænˈzɪʃən ɪz ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˌɑpərˈtunəti ðə wərld həz ˈɛvər sin, frəm wɪʧ ɔˈstreɪljə ɪz ˈbɛtər pleɪst tɪ ˈbɛnəfɪt ðən ˈvərʧuəli ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈkəntri. soʊ wət wɪl breɪk ðə ˈsteɪlˌmeɪt kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ dɪsˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈpɑləˌtɪks ənd ˈkɔrpərət ˈvɛstɪd ˈɪntərɪsts soʊ ɔn dɪˈspleɪ ɪn ˈrisənt deɪz? kəmˈjunɪti ˈæŋgər, ɛz ˈnæʧərəl dɪˈzæstərz ˈɛskəˌleɪt, ðə tru kɔst əv ðɪs əˈbɪzməl ˈfeɪljər əv ˈnæʃənəl ˈlidərˌʃɪp bɪˈkəmz ˈɑbviəs ənd ðə fˈjuʧər əv ɑr ˈʧɪldrən ənd ˈgrænˌʧɪldrən ɪz θroʊn əˈweɪ. ˈiən ˈdənˌlɑp wɑz ˈfɔrmərli ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɔɪl, gæs ənd koʊl ˈɪndəstri ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv, ʧɛr əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljən koʊl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ənd ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ˈkəmpəˌni dɪˈrɛktərz. hi ɪz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə kləb əv roʊm. ˈrɛfərənsɪz: 1 2 wərld ˈɛnərʤi ˈaʊˌtlʊk 2016 iea*, fɪg 3 ˈpɛrɪs əˈgrimənt ˈɑrtɪkəl 2 4 https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2016/12/arctic-and-antarctic-at-record-low-levels*/ 5 6 7 ˌriˈæləˌti check”*”, ˈdeɪvɪd spræt, ʤun 2016 8 ðə ˈlɪmət, ɔɪl ʧeɪnʤ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl, sɛpˈtɛmbər 2016
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recent weeks have seen unsurpassed dishonesty and irresponsibility from national political leaders on australian climate and energy policy – the biggest issue we now face.
the mantra trotted out continually by government and opposition alike is that “coal is part of the national and international energy mix and will be so for decades to come” [1], parrotting coal industry leaders and lobbyists. strictly true, but it is a rapidly declining part if we are to meet the requirements of the paris climate change agreement, which australia ratified on 10th november.
the international energy agency’s latest analysis indicates global coal demand falling 50% by 2040 [2]. but facts are irrelevant as this mantra is used to spruik rapid expansion of our own coal production, to maintain “energy security” domestically for example in sa, and to “alleviate poverty” with international exports by developing numerous new coal mines including adani’s megamine in the queensland galilee basin.
the essential point ignored in this posturing is that we now face risks from global warming far beyond anything acknowledged officially here or overseas.
the paris agreement came into force on 4th november. it requires the 195 countries participating to hold global average temperature to “well below 20c above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.50c” [3].
any balanced assessment of the climate science and evidence accepts that that global warming is driven primarily by human carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion, agriculture and land clearing, superimposed on natural climate variability, and that it is happening faster and more extensively than previously anticipated.
in this context, scientists have long been concerned about the extreme “tipping point” risks of the climate system; non-linear positive feedbacks which trigger rapid, irreversible and catastrophic change.
these feedbacks are now kicking in. for example, arctic weather conditions are becoming increasingly unstable as jetstream fluctuations warm the region 200c or more above normal levels; sea ice is at an all-time low with increasing evidence of methane emissions from melting permafrost [4]. greenland and antarctic ice sheets are melting at worst-case rates [5], with the potential for several metre sea level rise this century.
the antarctic larsen ice sheet and pine island glacier are showing signs of major breakup as a result of warming southern ocean waters, a process which is probably now irreversible [6]. coral reefs around the world, not least the great barrier reef, are dying off as a result of record high sea temperatures. major terrestrial carbon sinks are showing signs of becoming carbon emitters. and much more.
the social disruption and economic consequences are already devastating, leading to extensive forced migration and economic collapse in some countries. the refugee crisis engulfing europe, emanating from syria and north africa, is fundamentally climate change driven and a precursor of greater conflict ahead.
without rapid carbon emission reductions far greater than paris commitments, the planet will become ungovernable. yet none of this rates a mention in our orwellian parliamentary debates, which continue in blithe ignorance, or deliberate distortion, of the facts.
dangerous climate change, which the paris agreement and its forerunners seek to avoid, is happening at the 1.20c increase already experienced. it is now impossible to stay below the 1.50c paris aspiration. to have a realistic chance, say 90%, of staying below even 20c, means that no new fossil fuel projects can be built globally, that existing operations, particularly coal, have to be rapidly replaced with low carbon alternatives, and that carbon sequestration technologies which do not currently exist have to be rapidly deployed at scale [7] [8]. most dangerously, the climate impact of investments made today do not manifest themselves for decades to come. if we wait for catastrophe to happen, as we are doing, it will be too late to act.
this transition is unprecedented. we have the technology, the expertise and wealth to make it happen. what we lack is the maturity to set aside political ideologies, short-term corporate expediency and sheer stupidity to cooperate in the national interest.
and most importantly, time. any realistic chance of avoiding catastrophic outcomes, requires emergency action to force the pace of change, starting with a serious price on carbon to remove the massive subsidy propping up fossil fuels. the last thing the world needs is a new coal province as adani proposes in queensland. or any other new coal mines, csg or oil and gas expansion. massive poverty would be created not alleviated.
the irony is that this transition is the greatest investment opportunity the world has ever seen, from which australia is better placed to benefit than virtually any other country.
so what will break the stalemate created by dysfunctional politics and corporate vested interests so disgustingly on display in recent days? community anger, as natural disasters escalate, the true cost of this abysmal failure of national leadership becomes blindingly obvious and the future of our children and grandchildren is thrown away.
ian dunlop was formerly an international oil, gas and coal industry executive, chair of the australian coal association and ceo of the australian institute of company directors. he is a member of the club of rome.
references:
[1] https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/nov/25/government-defends-coal-industry-ahead-of-unesco-report-on-reef
[2] world energy outlook 2016, iea, fig 5.1:
https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2016/november/world-energy-outlook-2016.html
[3] unfccc paris agreement article 2:
https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdf
[4] https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/2016/12/arctic-and-antarctic-at-record-low-levels/
[5] http://www.smh.com.au/environment/sealevel-expert-john-church-resurfaces-at-university-of-nsw-amid-new-warning-signs-from-greenland-20161207-gt5qje.html
[6] http://mashable.com/2016/12/03/nasa-photo-crack-larsen-c-ice-shelf/#glkft3rwbmqe
[7] “climate reality check”, david spratt, june 2016:
http://media.wix.com/ugd/148cb0_9c80333f46ec4da8a2e8d7ba41886df6.pdf
[8] the sky’s limit, oil change international, september 2016:
http://priceofoil.org/content/uploads/2016/09/oci_the_skys_limit_2016_final_2.pdf
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maɪ wik wɪˈθaʊt ˈæpəl wɔʧ ˈrɛdɪŋ taɪm: 5 ˈmɪnəts ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈtruli əˈpriʃiˌeɪt laɪf wɪθ ˈmɑdərn deɪ kənˈvinjənsɪz, wi hæv tɪ bi riˈmaɪndɪd əv wət laɪf wɑz laɪk ˌbiˈfɔr ðɛm. ɛz ən ɪkˈspɛrəmənt fər ðə læst wik, aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ lɪv wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈθəroʊli ˈmɑdərn kənˈvinjəns əv ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ. aɪ wɑz ˈləki ɪˈnəf tɪ bi ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə fərst grup əv foʊks ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈæpəl tɪ gɪt ən ˈæpəl wɔʧ. bɪn ˈwɛrɪŋ ðə wɔʧ ɔl deɪ, ˈɛvəri deɪ sɪns ˈeɪprəl 1st*. hir, aɪ ʃɛrd maɪ θɔts ˈæftər maɪ fərst wik. sɪns ˈeɪprəl 1st*, aɪ hæv ˈdipli ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ ˈɪntu maɪ ˈɛvriˈdeɪ laɪf. aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ rən ən ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ənd si wət ə wik wʊd bi laɪk wɪˈθaʊt ðə wɔʧ ˈæftər 85 deɪz əv ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪθ ɪt. ðɪs ɪz wət aɪ ˈlərnɪd. ˈaɪˌfoʊn ˈprɛzənt ˈvərsəz. ˈaɪˌfoʊn nɑt ˈprɛzənt ðə fərst θɪŋ aɪ ˈnoʊtɪst wɑz maɪ ˈhaɪtənd əˈwɛrnəs əv wɛr maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn wɑz æt ɔl taɪmz. wən əv maɪ ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz frəm maɪ fərst wik wɪθ ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ wɑz haʊ ɪt mi frəm maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn ɪn ə ˈpɑzətɪv weɪ. ˈwɛðər ɪt wɑz ɪn maɪ ˈpɑkət ər ɔn ðə ˈkɔfi ˈteɪbəl ər nɪr ðə frənt dɔr, ðə wɔʧ əˈlaʊd mi nɑt tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn ˈnidɪŋ tɪ bi wɪθ mi æt ɔl taɪmz tɪ rɪˈmeɪn kəˈnɛktɪd. laɪf wɪˈθaʊt ðə wɔʧ riˈmaɪndɪd mi əv ðə ˈhæbəts aɪ dɪˈvɛləpt tɪ meɪk ʃʊr maɪ foʊn wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz nɪr mi. aɪ wʊd meɪk ʃʊr tɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz pʊt ɪt ɪn maɪ ˈpɑkət ɛz aɪ muvd əraʊnd ðə haʊs ər ˈkɛri ɪt wɪθ mi frəm rum tɪ rum. ðɪs bɪˈheɪvjər ɪz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈwɑnɪŋ, ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈnidɪŋ, tɪ rɪˈspɑnd wɛˈnɛvər aɪ gɪt ə bəz ər dɪŋ əv ə ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃən, ˈwɛðər ɪt ɪz ən iˈmeɪl əˈlərt, tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤ, ər ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛls. aɪ laɪk ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ənd ðɪs lɛd mi tɪ bi məʧ mɔr əˈwɛr əv wɛr maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn wɑz wɪn aɪ wɑz nɑt ˈwɛrɪŋ ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ. ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃən dɪsˈrəpʃən wən əv ðə weɪz aɪ ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ ˈɪntu maɪ laɪf wɑz tɪ ˈhɛvəli ˈfɪltər wət ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃənz aɪ əˈlaʊd tɪ bəz mi ɔn ðə rɪst vɔɪs kɔlz, ˌviˌaɪˈpi iˈmeɪlz, tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz, ənd ˈoʊnli ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv æps wɪʧ pʊʃ mi ˈjusfəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər ɔn ðə ˈaɪˌfoʊn, ˈivɪn ðoʊ aɪ ˈlɪmət ðə ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃənz, ɔl əv ðɛm ər ˈtritɪd ˈikwəli ənd maɪ foʊn wɑz ˈkɑnstəntli ˈbəzɪŋ ˈtɛlɪŋ mi aɪ hæd ə ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃən. əv kɔrs, aɪ ʧɛk ɪt tɪ si ɪf ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ənd ˈnidɪd ən ˌɪˈmiˌdiət rɪˈspɑns. aɪ hæd fərˈgɑtən haʊ məʧ aɪ hæd tɪ pɪk əp ənd ʧɛk maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn praɪər tɪ ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ. prɪˈfər ðə ˈləgʒəri əv ˈriʧɪŋ fər maɪ foʊn wɪn ˈnɛsəˌsɛri. ˈæpəl wɔʧ hɛlpt mi əˈʧiv ðɪs. ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃənz wər ðə wərst əv ðə bənʧ. ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv maɪ ˈdeɪli ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz ər ˈviə. praɪər tɪ ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ, ðɪs wʊd nɑt hæv ˈbɑðərd mi, bət ðə fərst fju deɪz wɪˈθaʊt ɪt ənd aɪ wɑz ˈɪrəˌteɪtəd baɪ haʊ ˈɔfən gɪt ə bəz əv ə ˈmɛsɪʤ, rɪˈplaɪ tɪ ɪt, pʊt maɪ foʊn daʊn ər ɪn maɪ ˈpɑkət, gɪt əˈnəðər bəz ə ˈmɪnət ər tu ˈleɪtər, rɪˈplaɪ, pʊt maɪ foʊn daʊn, gɪt ə rɪˈspɑns ə fju ˈmɪnəts ˈleɪtər, rɪˈplaɪ, pʊt maɪ foʊn bæk daʊn, æd ˌɪnˈfɪnɪtəm. fər ðə fərst fju deɪz, ðɪs ˈrɪli ˈbɑðərd mi bɪˈkəz ə tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤ ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən ɪz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz wən ðət ˈhæpənz ɪn ril taɪm. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ɪt teɪks ðə ˈəðər ˈpərsən taɪm tɪ rɪˈplaɪ. ˈrəðər nɑt stɛr æt maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn skrin kənˈtɪnjuəsli ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ðə ˈpərsən tɪ rɪˈspɑnd ɛz aɪ faɪnd ɪt ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt ənd ə weɪst əv taɪm. soʊ aɪ pʊt ðə foʊn daʊn ər ɪn maɪ ˈpɑkət bɪtˈwin ˈmɛsɪʤɪz ənd kənˈtɪnju wət duɪŋ. ðə ˈkɑnstənt pɪk əp, rɪˈplaɪ, pʊt daʊn ˈsikwəns ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd mi. wɪθ ˈæpəl wɔʧ, ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs ɪz ˈsimləs. ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃənz kəm ɪn rɪˈplaɪ frəm ðə wɔʧ wɪθ tɛkst ər ˈsɪri vɔɪs dɪkˈteɪʃən ənd aɪ kip duɪŋ wət duɪŋ. ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ fər ə wik ʃoʊd mi haʊ məʧ aɪ tʊk ðɪs wən ɪkˈspɪriəns fər ˈgrænɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ. ðɪs wɑz ðə moʊst ˈfrəˌstreɪtɪŋ pɑrt əv ˈlɪvɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ bɪˈkəz əv haʊ məʧ aɪ juz tɪ hæv ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənz θruaʊt ðə deɪ. taɪm seɪvd wɪn aɪ toʊld ˈpipəl əˈbaʊt maɪ ɪkˈspɛrəmənt, ˈmɛni wər ˈkjʊriəs ɪf aɪ juzd maɪ foʊn lɛs ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt. fər ə fju wiks praɪər tɪ ðɪs ɪkˈspɛrəmənt, aɪ hæd bɪn ˈjuzɪŋ ən æp kɔld ˈmoʊmənt, wɪʧ træks jʊr ˈaɪˌfoʊn ˈjusɪʤ iʧ deɪ ənd haʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz ju pɪk ðə foʊn əp, tərn ðə skrin ɔn ənd lʊk æt ɪt. waɪl aɪ si maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn ˈjusɪʤ ɪn tərmz əv aʊərz pər deɪ dɪˈklaɪn ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə wik wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ, aɪ dɪd si ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt drɔp ɪn ðə ˈnəmbər əv taɪmz aɪ lʊkt æt ɪt. ðə ˈævərɪʤ ˈnəmbər əv taɪmz aɪ pɪkt əp ənd lʊkt æt maɪ foʊn maɪ læst wik wɪθ ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ wɑz 74 ðɪs læst wik wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ maɪ ˈævərɪʤ ˈnəmbər əv ˈdeɪli ˈpɪˌkəps wɑz 102 aɪ ˈʧɑrtɪd ɪt tɪ si ðə ˈdɪfərəns. wɪn aɪ hæd ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ ɔn, aɪ ˈævrɪʤd 28 fjuər taɪmz aɪ lʊkt æt maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn iʧ deɪ. ðɪs ɪz ə gʊd ˈprɑksi əv haʊ ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃənz ɔn ðə wɔʧ hɛlp ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz ðə ˈnəmbər əv taɪmz aɪ nid tɪ lʊk æt maɪ foʊn tɪ si ðə ˈneɪʧər əv iʧ ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃən. ˈæftər rɪˈflɛktɪŋ ɔn wət ˈlʊkɪŋ æt maɪ foʊn fjuər taɪmz mɛnt ɪn maɪ ˈdeɪli laɪf, aɪ kənˈkludɪd ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns wɑz lɛs dɪsˈrəptɪv. gɪt mi rɔŋ aɪ ləv maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn. ɪt ɪz maɪ ˈpraɪˌmɛri kəmˈpjutər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈhævɪŋ tɪ rɪˈspɑnd tɪ jʊr foʊn ər pʊl ɪt aʊt əv jʊr ˈpɑkət ər bæg fər iʧ foʊn kɔl ər tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤ tərnz aʊt tɪ bi ˈfɛrli dɪsˈrəptɪv. ɛz əbˈzərvd maɪ bɪˈheɪvjər ɛz wɛl wɪθ hər ˈæpəl wɔʧ, ʃi ɑrˈtɪkjələts ˈsɪmələr ˈfilɪŋz. ɛz ʃi ɪz aʊt ənd əˈbaʊt, nɑt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ ˈfəmbəl θru hər pərs iʧ taɪm hər foʊn dɪŋz ɪz ə lɛs dɪsˈrəptɪv ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn ˈmɛni ˈdeɪli ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz. ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli sɪns nɑt ɔl ˌnoʊtəfəˈkeɪʃənz ər ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ər ɪn nid əv ən ˌɪˈmiˌdiət rɪˈspɑns. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪˈθaʊt ðə juz əv ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ, ju wʊd nɑt noʊ ðɪs wɪˈθaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ jʊr foʊn aʊt ənd ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ɪt. ðɪs ɪz ən ˈɛriə əv ˌɪˈmɛns ˈvælju ðət kən ˈoʊnli bi ˌəndərˈstʊd wəns ɪkˈspɪriənst. ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli, ðə seɪm ˈsɛnəmənt ɪz ˈnoʊtɪst baɪ ˈəðər ˈæpəl wɔʧ ˈwɛrərz. ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈkəmpəˌni duɪŋ ˈrisərʧ ɔn ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈæpəl wɔʧ ˈoʊnərz kɔld (ɪf ju hæv ən ˈæpəl wɔʧ pliz kənˈsɪdər ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ɑr ˈpænəl) wɛr 32 əv rɪˈspɑndənts sɛd ðeɪ spɛnd məʧ lɛs taɪm ɔn ðɛr ˈaɪˌfoʊn ənd 58 ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðeɪ juz ðɛr ˈaɪˌfoʊn ˈsəmˈwət lɛs. soʊ wət dɪd aɪ kənˈklud? ɛz aɪ ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl, ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ ɪz ə ˈmɑdərn deɪ kənˈvinjəns ənd ʃʊd bi ˌəndərˈstʊd ɛz səʧ. ɪt ɪz ə kənˈvinjəns ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ə ˈdɪʃˌwɑʃər ər ər ə ˈmaɪkrəˌweɪv ɪz. nən əv ðə ˈaɪtəmz ər ˌæbsəˈlutli ˈnɛsəˌsɛri, jɛt soʊ ˈmɛni əv ðɛr ˈoʊnərz ˌɪˈmæʤən laɪf wɪˈθaʊt wən. ðɪs ɪz wət maɪ wik wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈæpəl wɔʧ tɔt mi. əv kɔrs aɪ kən gɪt baɪ wɪˈθaʊt ɪt bət, ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈnəmbər əv kənˈvinjənsɪz bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪ ɪn ðə floʊ əv maɪ ˈdeɪli laɪf, aɪ kən noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˌɪˈmæʤən laɪf wɪˈθaʊt ɪt.
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my week without apple watch
reading time: 5 minutes
sometimes, in order to truly appreciate life with modern day conveniences, we have to be reminded of what life was like before them. as an experiment for the last week, i decided to live without the thoroughly modern convenience of the apple watch. i was lucky enough to be included in the first group of folks outside of apple to get an apple watch. i’ve been wearing the watch all day, every day since april 1st. here, i shared my thoughts after my first week. since april 1st, i have deeply integrated the apple watch into my everyday life. i decided to run an experiment and see what a week would be like without the watch after 85 days of living with it. this is what i learned.
iphone present vs. iphone not present
the first thing i noticed was my heightened awareness of where my iphone was at all times. one of my observations from my first week with the apple watch was how it untethered me from my iphone in a positive way. whether it was in my pocket or on the coffee table or near the front door, the watch allowed me not to worry about my iphone needing to be with me at all times to remain connected. life without the watch reminded me of the habits i developed to make sure my phone was always near me. i would make sure to always put it in my pocket as i moved around the house or carry it with me from room to room.
this behavior is a result of wanting, and sometimes needing, to respond whenever i get a buzz or ding of a notification, whether it is an email alert, text message, or something else. i don’t like the idea of missing something important and this led me to be much more aware of where my iphone was when i was not wearing the apple watch.
notification disruption
one of the ways i integrated the apple watch into my life was to heavily filter what notifications i allowed to buzz me on the wrist voice calls, vip emails, text messages, and only a handful of apps which push me useful information. however on the iphone, even though i limit the notifications, all of them are treated equally and my phone was constantly buzzing telling me i had a notification. of course, i check it to see if it is important and needed an immediate response. i had forgotten how much i had to pick up and check my iphone prior to the apple watch. i’d prefer the luxury of reaching for my phone when necessary. apple watch helped me achieve this.
imessage notifications were the worst of the bunch. the vast majority of my daily conversations are via imessage. prior to the apple watch, this would not have bothered me, but the first few days without it and i was irritated by how often i’d get a buzz of a message, reply to it, put my phone down or in my pocket, get another buzz a minute or two later, reply, put my phone down, get a response a few minutes later, reply, put my phone back down, ad infinitum. for the first few days, this really bothered me because a text message conversation is not always one that happens in real time. sometimes it takes the other person time to reply. i’d rather not stare at my iphone screen continuously waiting for the person to respond as i find it inefficient and a waste of time. so i put the phone down or in my pocket between messages and continue what i’m doing. the constant pick up, reply, put down sequence frustrated me. with apple watch, this process is seamless. notifications come in reply from the watch with text or siri voice dictation and i keep doing what i’m doing. living without the apple watch for a week showed me how much i took this one experience for granted before the apple watch. this was the most frustrating part of living without the apple watch because of how much i use imessage to have conversations throughout the day.
time saved
when i told people about my experiment, many were curious if i used my phone less as a result. for a few weeks prior to this experiment, i had been using an app called moment, which tracks your iphone usage each day and how many times you pick the phone up, turn the screen on and look at it. while i didn’t see my iphone usage in terms of hours per day decline during the week without the apple watch, i did see a significant drop in the number of times i looked at it. the average number of times i picked up and looked at my phone my last week with the apple watch was 74. this last week without the apple watch my average number of daily pickups was 102. i charted it to see the difference.
when i had the apple watch on, i averaged 28 fewer times i looked at my iphone each day. this is a good proxy of how notifications on the watch help minimize the number of times i need to look at my phone to see the nature of each notification.
after reflecting on what looking at my phone fewer times meant in my daily life, i concluded the experience was less disruptive. don’t get me wrong i love my iphone. it is my primary computer. however, having to respond to your phone or pull it out of your pocket or bag for each phone call or text message turns out to be fairly disruptive. as i’ve observed my wife’s behavior as well with her apple watch, she articulates similar feelings. as she is out and about, not having to fumble through her purse each time her phone dings is a less disruptive experience in many daily situations. particularly since not all notifications are important or in need of an immediate response. however, without the use of the apple watch, you would not know this without getting your phone out and looking at it. this is an area of immense value that can only be understood once experienced.
interestingly, the same sentiment is noticed by other apple watch wearers. i’m working with a company doing research on existing apple watch owners called wristly (if you have an apple watch please consider joining our panel) where 32% of respondents said they spend much less time on their iphone and 58% indicated they use their iphone somewhat less.
so what did i conclude? as i pointed to at the beginning of this article, the apple watch is a modern day convenience and should be understood as such. it is a convenience in the same way a dishwasher or washer/dryer or a microwave is. none of the items are absolutely necessary, yet so many of their owners can’t imagine life without one. this is what my week without the apple watch taught me. of course i can get by without it but, given the number of conveniences i’ve been able to quantify in the flow of my daily life, i can no longer imagine life without it.
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sɪns ɑr ˈgæləksi kənˈteɪnz æt list 200 ˈbɪljən stɑrz, ðɪs ˌɪmˈplaɪz ə væst ərˈinə fər ðə juˈbɪkwɪtəs ˈkɑrbən ˈkɛmɪstri tɪ pleɪ ɪn ə ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət, ɛz hir ɔn ərθ, maɪt lɛd tɪ ðə ˈkɑmplɛks məˈʃinəri əv laɪf. ˌɪnˈdid, ðɛr ɪz ə ˈkɑnfədɛns gɪv ər teɪk ə fju pərˈsɛnt ðət wən əv ðiz wərldz kʊd bi wɪˈθɪn ə mɪr 16 laɪt jɪrz əv ˈjuˈɛs. ə θroʊ, ˈpræktɪkəli ɑr gəˈlæktɪk ˈbæˌkjɑrd. ənd ˈrɪli ˈoʊnli ðə tɪp əv ðə prəˈvərbiəl ˈaɪsbərg. ˈivɪn ɪn ɑr oʊn ˈsoʊlər ˈsɪstəm wi hæv ɑr səˈspɪʃənz ðət ɪnˈvaɪrənmənts ˌɪnˈsaɪd munz əraʊnd ˈʤupɪtər ər ˈsætərn kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt zoʊnz. wi noʊ tu ðət ðə kənˈdɪʃənz ˈjumənz faɪnd ˈpælətəbəl ər nɑt ðə seɪm ɛz ðoʊz fər ˈkaʊntləs ˈəðər ˈspiʃiz. ðə ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər laɪf sim ɪˈnɔrmɪs. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl əˈbəndəns əv ˈplænəts ɪn ɑr ˈgæləksi ɪz ə ˈpɔrtɛnt əv tɪ kəm; ðə fərst ʃɑt faɪərd; ðə fərst ˈsteɪtmənt əv ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɪn ə nu ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. ɪt jɛt tɛl ˈjuˈɛs ˈwɛðər ər nɑt wi ər əˈloʊn ɪn ðə ˈjunəˌvərs ər, ɛz ɪn ðə kəˈpərnəkən ˈaʊˌtlʊk, ˈmɪrli wən əˈməŋ ˈbɪljənz. bət ɪt ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈʃɑkɪŋli proʊˈfaʊnd. bɪˈkəz ðə ˈjunəˌvərs meɪks soʊ ˈmɛni ˈplænəts, ðə ˈʧænsɪz əv ɑr ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈəðərz ðət wi kən ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈstədi ɪn ˈditeɪl ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪˈnɔrməsli. ənˈtɪl naʊ ðɛr wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ wi nu əˈbaʊt ðə ˈjunəˌvərs ðət meɪd ðɪs ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl. ˈplænəts kʊd hæv bɪn fju ənd fɑr bɪtˈwin. ˈivɪn ɪf ðɛr wər ˈbɪljənz ɪn ˈtoʊtəl, ðeɪ kʊd hæv bɪn ˈskætərd ˈθɪnli əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkɑzmoʊs. ðəs, ɪt wɑz stɪl ə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ðət fərˈɛvər bi laɪk ðə ˈloʊnli ˈspɑtər, ˈveɪnli ˈlʊkɪŋ fər lænd frəm ðə crow’s-nest*. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðə drim əv ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈəðər laɪf ɪn ðə ˈkɑzmoʊs, ˈwɛðər ˈsaɪlənt ˈmaɪˌkroʊbz ər ˈnɔɪzi ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃənz, həz ʤɪst ˈteɪkən ə ˈvɛri ʃɑrp tərn fər ðə ˈpɑzətɪv. ɪt ˈrɪli ɪz tru ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðət wi stænd ɔn ðə vərʤ əv ˈlərnɪŋ mɔr əˈbaʊt ðə ˈneɪʧər əv laɪf, ənd əv ɑr oʊn sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns, ðən æt ˈɛni ˈəðər taɪm ɪn ˈjumən ˈhɪstəri. ɪt wɑz ənd ɪz ə bɪg dil fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ pɪr ˈɪntu ðə ˌmaɪkrəˈskɑpɪk tɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə əˈtɑmɪk ənd ˌsəbəˈtɑmɪk. ɪt həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn moʊˈmɛntəs tɪ lərn ðət ðə ɪnˈtaɪərti əv ɪgˈzɪstəns, ɑr ˈjunəˌvərs, ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd səm ˈbɪljən jɪrz əˈgoʊ. ənd jɛs, wi riʧt ə ˈpɪnəkəl əv baɪ ˈriəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðət wi ər ˈmɪrli wən ɪkˈsprɛʃən əv ən ˈɔsəmli ˈkɑmplɛks ənd ˈeɪnʧənt ˈsɪstəm əv məˈlɛkjələr məˈʃinəri, ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ ənd səˈlɛktɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf əˈkrɔs ðə ˈeɪʤɪz.
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since our galaxy contains at least 200 billionars, this implies a vast arena for the universe’s ubiquitous carbon chemistry to play in — a process that, as here on earth, might lead to the complex machinery of life. indeed, there is a 95-percent confidence — give or take a few percent — that one of these worlds could be within a mere 16 light years of us. that’s aone’s throw, practically our galactic backyard.
and it’s really only the tip of the proverbial iceberg. even in our own solar system we have our suspicions that environments inside ice-rich moons around jupiter or saturn could also represent life-amenable zones. we know too that the conditions humans find palatable are not the same as those for countless other species. the opportunities for life seem enormous.
this incredible abundance of planets in our galaxy is a portent of what’s to come; the first shot fired; the firstatement of intent in a new revolution. it doesn’t yet tell us whether or not we are alone in the universe or, as in the copernican outlook, merely one among billions. but it is already telling us something shockingly profound.
because the universe makes so many planets, the chances of our finding others that we can actuallyudy in detail increases enormously. until now there was nothing we knew about the universe that made this inevitable. planets could have been few and far between. even if there were billions in total, they could have been scattered thinly across the cosmos. thus, it wasill a possibility that we’d forever be like the lonely ship’s spotter, vainly looking for land from the crow’s-nest.
instead, the age-old dream of finding other life in the cosmos, whether silent microbes or noisy technological civilizations, has just taken a very sharp turn for the positive.
it really is true therefore that weand on the verge of learning more about the nature of life, and of our own significance, than at any other time in human history.
it was — and is — a big deal for us to peer into the microscopic to understand the atomic and subatomic. it has also been momentous to learn that the entirety of existence, our universe, originated some 13.8 billion years ago. and yes, we reached a pinnacle of self-discovery by realizing that we are merely one expression of an awesomely complex and ancient system of molecular machinery, evolving and selecting itself across the ages.
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ˈblækbərn ˈroʊvərz hæv ækˈsɛptɪd ən ˈɔfər əv frəm ˈnuˌkæsəl juˈnaɪtɪd fər dɪˈfɛndər grænt ˈhænli. ðə wɑz ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv tu ˈpriviəs bɪdz baɪ saɪd, wɪθ ˈɔfərz əv ənd tərnd daʊn baɪ ˈroʊvərz. mɔr tɔp ˈstɔriz: dɪˈtɛktɪv: wɪr ɔl ˈseɪfər naʊ ˈmɛnɪsɪz tɪ ˈblækbərn ər lɑkt əp fˈjuʧər əv ˈlæŋkəˌʃaɪr ˈaʊtˌpʊt ɪn daʊt ɔn frɛʃ ɛr' ˈæŋgər ˈoʊvər ˈsɪnəmə ənd ˈpəblɪk speɪs ˈspɛndɪŋ ˈwɪmən ənd ˈbeɪbi ˈteɪkən tɪ ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈæftər kɑr hɪts bət ˈkæptən ənd pleɪər əv ðə jɪr ˈhænli ɪz naʊ sɛt tɪ dɪˈpɑrt fər ʤeɪmz pɑrk ˈæftər ə θərd ˈɔfər wɑz əˈgrid ɔn baɪ boʊθ ˈpɑrtiz. ˈroʊvərz kənˈfərmd ðət wər continuing’*’ bɪtˈwin ˈhænli ənd ˈnuˌkæsəl. ðə ˈskɑtlənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɪz sɛt tɪ ˈtrævəl tɪ fər ə ˈmɛdɪkəl ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ wɪθ ðə ˈmægˌpaɪz ənd ðɛr ˈmɛdɪkəl stæf ˈtrævəlɪŋ tɪ fər ə ˌpriˈsizən ˈfrɛndli ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ naɪt. ˈnuˌkæsəl ˈmænɪʤər ˌrɑfaɪˈɛl beɪˈnitɛz lɛt ənd ˈstivən ˈteɪlər goʊ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ frəm ðə prɛˈmɪr lig ənd həz bɪn ˈsikɪŋ ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənts fər ənd lascelles*. ˈhænli ɪz sɛt tɪ saɪn ə ˈfaɪvˌjɪr ˈkɑnˌtrækt æt ʤeɪmz pɑrk ənd wʊd bɪˈkəm sɪksθ ˈsəmər ˈsaɪnɪŋ ɪn ðə nɔrθ ist ɛz hi lʊks tɪ lɛd ðə ˈmægˌpaɪz bæk ˈɪntu ðə prɛˈmɪr lig æt ðə fərst taɪm əv ˈæskɪŋ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðɛr frəm ðə tɔp flaɪt ɪn meɪ, ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˈgoʊlˌkipər mæts sels*, dɪˈfɛndərz ˈʤizəs gɑˈmɛz ənd ˈaɪzɪk ˈheɪdən, mæt ˈrɪʧi ənd ˈstraɪkər dwaɪt geɪl ɪn ðə blæk ənd waɪt. ðə centre-half*, hu həz tu jɪrz lɛft ɔn hɪz ˈroʊvərz ˈkɑnˌtrækt, həz bɪn ðə sɔrs əv ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən əˈbaʊt hɪz fˈjuʧər ɔl ˈsəmər ənd wɑz lɪŋkt wɪθ æt ðə ɛnd əv læst ˈsizən. ˈhænli ˈtrævəld tɪ ˈɔstriə wɪθ ðə ˈroʊvərz skwɑd fər ðɛr ˌpriˈsizən ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmp, bət sæt aʊt ðə geɪm əˈgɛnst rid wɪθ ə ni ˈɪnʤəri ənd həz nɑt ˈfiʧərd ɪn ðə θri ˈmæʧɪz sɪns, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ læst æt rochdale*. hi həz meɪd 200 əˈpɪrənsəz æt pɑrk ˈæftər ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðə kləb ɛz ə frəm kru ˌælɪgˈzændrə. kɔɪl sɛd læst wik ðət hi wɔnt tɪ luz hɪz ˈskɪpər, bət ðə dɪˈsɪʒən wɑz ˈəltəmətli aʊt əv hɪz hænz. hi ˈædɪd: noʊ ðə weɪ ðə wərld wərks wɪn ˈeɪʤənts gɪt tɪ wərk ənd səʧ fɔrθ. ɔl aɪ wʊd seɪ ɪz grænt ɑr ˈkæptən ənd wi wɔnt tɪ luz ɪm. ˈtoʊtəli ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ ˈnuˌkæsəl ˈkəvət ɪm bət, ɛz aɪ sɛd ˌbiˈfɔr, ənd rɪˈpit ɪt, ɪn maɪ əˈpɪnjən ðeɪ ər ˈnoʊˌwɛr nɪr ðə væljuˈeɪʃən wɪʧ aɪ kənˈsɪdər grænt ˈhænli tɪ be.”*.”
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blackburn rovers have accepted an offer of £5.5million from newcastle united for defender grant hanley.
the 24-year-old was the subject of two previous bids by rafa benitez’s side, with offers of £3.5m and £4.5m turned down by rovers.
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but captain and player of the year hanley is now set to depart for st james park after a third offer was agreed on by both parties.
rovers confirmed that ‘talks were continuing’ between hanley and newcastle.
the scotland international is set to travel to tyneside for a medical on thursday with the magpies and their medical staff travelling to doncaster for a pre-season friendly on wednesday night.
newcastle manager rafael benitez let fabricio coloccini and steven taylor go following relegation from the premier league and has been seeking reinforcements for chancel mbemba and jamaal lascelles.
hanley is set to sign a five-year contract at st james park and would become benitez’s sixth summer signing in the north east as he looks to lead the magpies back into the premier league at the first time of asking following their relegation from the top flight in may, joining goalkeeper matz sels, defenders jesus gamez and isaac hayden, midfielder matt ritchie and striker dwight gayle in the black and white.
the centre-half, who has two years left on his rovers contract, has been the source of speculation about his future all summer and was linked with fulham at the end of last season.
hanley travelled to austria with the rovers squad for their pre-season training camp, but sat out the game against sv ried with a knee injury and has not featured in the three matches since, including last night’s 1-1 at rochdale.
he has made 200 appearances at ewood park after joining the club as a 16-year-old from crewe alexandra.
coyle said last week that he didn’t want to lose his skipper, but the decision was ultimately out of his hands.
he added: “i know the way the world works when agents get to work and such forth.
“but all i would say is grant hanley’s our captain and we don’t want to lose him.
“i totally understand why newcastle covet him but, as i said before, and i’ll repeat it, in my opinion they are nowhere near the valuation which i consider grant hanley to be.”
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ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈbɑtəm, ɪt simz. ðɛr wɑz soʊ məʧ ˈməni spɛnt baɪ soʊ ˈmɛni ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ timz ɔn soʊ ˈmɛni, ə, ənˈpruvən pleɪərz ɪn fri ˈeɪʤənsi ðɪs ˈsizən ðət tˈwɪtər keɪm ənˈglud. ðə ˈdɔlərz spɛnt ɔn ðə ənd ˈʧændlər ˈpɑrsənz əv ðə wərld simd soʊ ˈaʊtˌsaɪzd ənd ˌɪnəkˈsplɪkəbəl ðət ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl pleɪərz tʊk tɪ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə tɪ kəmˈpleɪn əˈbaʊt ðoʊz pleɪərz' læk əv krəˈdɛnʃəlz. ðə ˈməni floʊd ənd floʊd ənd keɪɑs simd tɪ reɪn, stɑpt ˈoʊnli baɪ ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ ˈneɪʃənz ˈkɛvɪn ˈdʊrənt əbˈsɛʃən. wi ɔl ˈwɔntɪd tɪ noʊ ɪf wɑz steɪɪŋ ɪn ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˈsɪti (ˈpərsɪnəl əˈsaɪd: hɪz ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ðɛr wɑz dæmd gʊd, ˈgɪvɪŋ mi ə ˈrutɪŋ ˈɪntəˌrɛst) ər goʊɪŋ ˈɛlsˌwɛr. hɪz, ðoʊ, wɑz ˈmɪrli ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈstɔri əv ˈmuvmənt frəm tim tɪ tim sɪns ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈfaɪnəlz. wɪθ soʊ məʧ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈməni ˈflədɪŋ ðə ˈsɪstəm, ˈɛvəri tim wɑz kəmˈpɛld tɪ spɛnd ɛz məʧ əv ɪt ɛz ɪt kʊd, ˈlivɪŋ ʤɪst əˈbaʊt ɔl əv ðɛm drəˈmætɪkəli ˈdɪfərənt ðən ðeɪ wər ʤɪst wiks əˈgoʊ. ðɪs ɪz wɛr wi, ɛz ˈɛvər, kəm ɪn. ðə ˈænjuəl ˈræŋkɪŋz əv ɔl 30 timz ɪz, əˈgɛn, ʤɪst ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðət timz hæv dən sɪns ðeɪ læst pleɪd ə geɪm, ˈfæktərɪŋ ɪn ðə dræft, fri ˈeɪʤənsi ənd treɪdz. hɪrz wət ɪt ɪz nɑt: ə prɪˈdɪktɪd ˈɔrdər əv ˈfɪnɪʃ fər nɛkst ˈsizən. aɪ du nɑt ɪkˈspɛkt ðə ʤæz, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, tɪ hæv ə ˈbɛtər ˈrɛkərd ðən ðə. wɪr nɑt ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt nɛkst jɪr; wɪr ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɪs ˈsəmər. ɪz jʊr tim ˈbɛtər naʊ ðən ɪt wɑz ˌbiˈfɔr? ðæts ɔl. (səm timz, ðoʊ nɑt ɔl, hæv ə ki mæn ər ˈpərsən ˈlɪstɪd ɪn ðə ˈræŋkɪŋz ðət ɪz wərθ peɪɪŋ ˈspɛʃəl əˈtɛnʃən tɪ wɪn əˈsɛsɪŋ haʊ pərˈdəktɪv ðɛr wɑz.) ɪf jʊr tim ɪz ræŋkt ɪn ðə tɔp 10 ɪt ˈdəzənt min aɪ ləv jʊr tim. ɪf jʊr tim ɪz ræŋkt ɪn ðə ˈbɑtəm 10 ɪt ˈdəzənt min aɪ heɪt jʊr tim. ɪts ən əˈpɪnjən ðət siks tɪ ˈænsər ə kˈwɛʃən: ɪz ðə tim ˈbɛtər naʊ ðən æt ðə ɛnd əv læst ˈsizən? ðə ˈræŋkɪŋ rɪˈflɛkts ðə bɪˈlif ɔn ˈwɛðər, ənd haʊ məʧ, ðət ɪz soʊ. (aɪ laɪk ˈsərtən gaɪz ɪn ðə dræft mɔr ðən ˈəðərz, soʊ ɪf jʊr tim tʊk ðɛm, aɪ ˈprɑbəˌbli geɪv ɪt mɔr weɪt. ˈdəzənt min əm raɪt.) wət pleɪz ˈɪntu ðə ˈræŋkɪŋz: ðɪs ɪz ɑrt ɛz məʧ ɛz saɪəns, weɪɪŋ ðə ˌɪmˈpækt boʊθ əv ðə dræft ənd fri ˈeɪʤənsi, bət ˈɔlsoʊ əˈsɛsɪŋ ˈwɛðər timz gɑt ˈvælju ɪn ðɛr ˈsaɪnɪŋz. ˈoʊvərˌpeɪɪŋ ðə raɪt pleɪər ɪz ɛz məʧ ə sɪn ɛz ˈsaɪnɪŋ ðə rɔŋ pleɪər. nu ˈkoʊʧɪz, nu gms*, nu ˈoʊnərz ənd nu ərˈinəz ər ˈɔlsoʊ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈfæktərz ɪn ˈʤəʤɪŋ ə timz ˈsəmər səkˈsɛs. ə gʊd koʊʧ kən koʊks səm mɔr wɪnz aʊt əv ə ˈrɑstər, ənd ə nu ˈbɪldɪŋ kən ˈʤɛnərˌeɪt ðə kaɪnd əv ˈrɛvəˌnu ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ lɛt ə tim bi əˈgrɛsɪv ɪn pərˈsuɪŋ fri ˈeɪʤənts ənd treɪdz ɪf nɑt ðɪs ˈsizən, ðɛn ɪn fˈjuʧər ˈsizənz. timz ðət ər riˈbɪldɪŋ ˈɑbviəsli hæv ˈdɪfərənt praɪˈɔrətiz ðən ðoʊz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp pʊʃ. ðæts ˈfæktərd ɪn. ɪts waɪ, ˈivɪn ðoʊ aɪ meɪ laɪk ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˈsɪtiz treɪd fər ˈvɪktər, ˈluzɪŋ ˈdʊrənt ˈɑbviəsli ˈkɛriz mɔr weɪt. ənd ə tim laɪk ðə ˈwɔrjərz ðət kəˈmɪts tɪ peɪɪŋ ˈdʊrənt ˈæftər ɔˈrɛdi peɪɪŋ soʊ ˈmɛni əv ɪts kɔr pleɪərz gɪts mɔr ˈpɑzətɪv baʊns. ðət ˈləgʒəri tæks ɪz ə ril θɪŋ. ˈoʊnərz laɪk ʤoʊ ənd ˈpitər ˈgubər ɪn ˈgoʊldən steɪt, hu peɪ ðə tæks tɪ rɪˈmeɪn kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv, ʃʊd gɪt ˈkrɛdɪt. ˌkɑntəˈnuəti ˈmætərz hir ɛz wɛl. ðə moʊst səkˈsɛsfəl timz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ə kɔr grup əv pleɪərz ənd kip ðɛm təˈgɛðər ˈsɛvərəl ˈsizənz; timz ðət ðɛr oʊn pleɪərz (æt ˈrizənəbəl əˈmaʊnts) gɪt gʊd mɑrks. ðə ɪkˈsploʊʒən ɪn ðə kæp minz ˈɛvriˌwən həz tɪ bi mɔr əˈgrɛsɪv, ənd ˈɛvriˌwən həz tɪ spɛnd; ˈkipɪŋ jʊr ˈpaʊdər draɪ fər əˈnəðər deɪ ˈdəzənt hæv ɛz məʧ kæˈʃeɪ ɛz ɪt juzd tɪ. ˈsæləri ˈnəmbərz, wɪθ ə ˈkəpəl əv ɪkˈsɛpʃənz, kəm frəm ˈbæskətˌbɔl ˌɪnˈsaɪdərz, huz ˈɛrɪk ˈpɪŋkəs dɪz ðə bɛst ʤɑb əv ˈɛniˌwən ɪn ðə geɪm əv ˈkipɪŋ træk əv ɔl ðə ˈmuvɪŋ ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl pɑrts, kˈwɪkli ənd ˈækjərətli. ðə tɔp 10 ˈwɔrjərz, ˈgrɪzliz, ʤæz, ˈpeɪsərz, ˈsɛltɪks, ˌkævəˈlɪrz, sənz, timberwolves*, ˈnəgəts, ðə ˈmɪdəl 10 treɪl ˈbleɪzərz, ˈmæʤɪk, kɪŋz, hɔks, ˈhɔrnəts, ˈleɪkərz, ˈmævərɪks, ˈrɑkəts, nɪks, ˈpɪstənz ðə ˈbɑtəm 10 bʊlz, ˈklɪpərz, bəks, ˈθəndər, spərz, ˈwɪzərdz, ˈræptərz, ˈpɛlɪkənz, hit, nɛts ðə ˈbɑtəm 10 21 ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bʊlz ˈrɛkərd: dɪd nɑt meɪk pleɪɔfs ˈædɪd: ʤi weɪd (tu jɪrz, 47 ˈmɪljən); ʤi (tu jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ʤi ˌaɪˈzeɪə ˈkeɪnən (tu jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); si ˈrɑbɪn ˈloʊpɛz (əkˈwaɪərd frəm nu jɔrk); ʤi grænt (əkˈwaɪərd frəm nu jɔrk); ʤi ˈspɛnsər ˈdɪnwɪdi (əkˈwaɪərd frəm ˈdiˌtrɔɪt); ʤi ˈdɛnzəl ˈvælənˌtaɪn (fərst raʊnd, pɪk ˈoʊvərˌɔl); ɛf pɔl (ˈsɛkənd raʊnd, pɪk ˈoʊvərˌɔl) lɔst: (saɪnd wɪθ sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ); noʊə (saɪnd wɪθ nu jɔrk); ʤi ˈɛrən brʊks (saɪnd wɪθ ˌɪndiˈænə); ʤi mʊr (saɪnd wɪθ nu ˌɔˈrlinz); ʤi ˈdɛrɪk roʊz (ˈtreɪdɪd tɪ nu jɔrk); ʤi ˈʤəstɪn ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ (ˈtreɪdɪd tɪ nu jɔrk) rɪˈteɪnd: nən ðə ki mæn: ɛf dəg məkˈdərmət. "mcbuckets*" wɑz ə kənˈsɪstənt ˈwɛpən ɔf ðə bɛnʧ fər koʊʧ frɛd læst ˈsizən. ɪn hɪz θərd ˈsizən, məkˈdərmət ʃʊd hæv ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd træk tɪ ˈstɑrtɪŋ æt ðə fɔr. ˈʃutɪŋ 43 pərˈsɛnt ɔn, məkˈdərmət wɪl hæv tɪ faɪnd ˈəðər ˈpleɪsɪz ənd weɪz tɪ skɔr wɪn hiz ɔn ðə flɔr wɪθ ənd ˈəðərz hu ˈɑrənt ɛz ˈkeɪpəbəl bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ɑrk. gametime*: bʊlz ər ˈbətlərz tim rɪk ənd stiv smɪθ dɪˈskəs waɪ ðə bʊlz ər stɪl ˈʤɪmi ˈbətlərz tim ˈivɪn ˈæftər ðə əˈdɪʃən əv weɪd. ðə ˈskɪni: haʊ dɪz ɪt ɔl fɪt? haʊ wɪl tu gɑrdz hu doʊnt ʃut θriz ɔl ðət wɛl ˈkɑmpləmənt ənd kriˈeɪt speɪs fər ˌɔlˈstɑr ˈʤɪmi ˈbətlər, ðə timz moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pleɪər? ðə bʊlz' muvz doʊnt rɪˈzɛmbəl ɛz məʧ ɛz hoʊlz tɪ kip ə haʊs frəm ˈkrəmbəlɪŋ. ðɛr kænt bi hoʊps ðət ˈɛniˌwən brɔt ɪn ðɪs ˈsəmər ˈəðər ðən ðə ˈrʊki ˈvælənˌtaɪn (ənd ˈmeɪbi grænt) wɪl bi pɑrt əv ðə timz fˈjuʧər. ðɪs grup kʊd kəm təˈgɛðər wɛl ɪˈnəf tɪ meɪk ðə pleɪɔfs, bət wəns ðɛr, wət wʊd bi ˈpɑsəbəl? 22 lɑ ˈklɪpərz ˈrɛkərd: lɔst ɪn fərst raʊnd ˈædɪd: ɛf speɪts (tu jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ʤi ˈreɪmənd ˈfɛltən (wən jɪr, ˈmɪljən); ɛf ˈbrændən bæs (wən jɪr, ˈmɪljən); ˈælən ˈændərsən (wən jɪr, ˈmɪljən); braɪs ˈʤɑnsən (fərst raʊnd, pɪk ˈoʊvərˌɔl); ˈdaɪmənd stoʊn (dræft raɪts əkˈwaɪərd frəm nu ˌɔˈrlinz); ʤi ˈmɑrbəl (əkˈwaɪərd frəm ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ) lɔst: si koʊl ˈɔldrɪʧ (saɪnd wɪθ ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə); ɛf ʤɛf grin (saɪnd wɪθ ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ); ʤi ˈpɑbloʊ (saɪnd wɪθ ˈhjustən); ʤi c.j*. ˈwɪlkɑks (ˈtreɪdɪd tɪ ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ) rɪˈteɪnd: ʤi ʤəˈmɑl ˈkrɔfərd (θri jɪrz, 42 ˈmɪljən); ʤi ˈɔstən ˈrɪvərz (θri jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ɛf luk ə (tu jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ˈwɛsli ˈʤɑnsən ðə ki mæn: ɛf bleɪk ˈgrɪfɪn. koʊʧ dɑk ˈrɪvərz ˌɪnˈsɪsts ðɛrz noʊ ʧæns ðə ˈklɪpərz wɪl treɪd ˈgrɪfɪn, hu kʊd bi ə fri ˈeɪʤənt ɪn 2017 ənd huz ˈɪnʤəriz ənd bæd ˈʤəʤmənt ɪn ˈpənʧɪŋ ə kləb ɪmˈplɔɪi ˈdʊrɪŋ ə faɪt ənd ˈbreɪkɪŋ hɪz hænd rɛkt ðə klɪps' ˈtaɪtəl hoʊps læst jɪr. ˈgrɪfɪn həz tɪ bi sˈmɑrtər goʊɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd. l.a*. nidz hɪz playmaking*, ˈskɔrɪŋ ənd riˈbaʊndɪŋ əˈveɪləbəl æt ɔl taɪmz. ðə ˈskɪni: ˈlæðər, rɪns, rɪˈpit. kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ɪts ˈstɑrtɪŋ faɪv (tɪ bi klɪr, ðæts ˌəndərˈstændəbəl) minz ðɛr ˈɪzənt məʧ kɔɪn lɛft tɪ bɪld ə bɛnʧ. ðə ˈklɪpərz kʊd ˈoʊnli ˈɔfər ˌʃɔrtˈtərm dilz læst jɪr ənd ɪt lɛd tɪ ə bɛnʧ ðət wɑz ˈhɔrəbəl fər lɔŋ ˈstrɛʧɪz, ənˈtɪl ˈrɪvərz wɛnt tɪ ə ˈlaɪˌnəp, wɪθ ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˈɔstən ˈrɪvərz ənd ˈkrɔfərd. ˈfɛltən wɪl teɪk ˈoʊvər fər ðə dɪˈpɑrtɪd, bət ɪts goʊɪŋ tɪ bi hɑrd tɪ æsk tu ˈrʊkiz tɪ stɛp ɪn raɪt əˈweɪ fər ˈɔldrɪʧ. ə pərˈdəktɪv bɛnʧ ɪz ˈkruʃəl tɪ ˈkipɪŋ ˈstɑrtərz frəm ˈlɔgɪŋ ˈkɪlər ˈmɪnəts; ðət kwɪnˈtɛt ɪz ɛz gʊd ɛz ˈɛni ɪn ðə lig. speɪts pleɪd wɛl ɪn ðə ˈwɔrjərz ˈsɪstəm ənd hi kʊd bi ə bɪg bust ɪn l.a*., tu. bət ðə klɪps' ˈwɪndoʊ wɪθ ðɪs kɔr grup ˈɪzənt goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈoʊpən məʧ ˈlɔŋgər. 23 mɪlˈwɔki bəks ˈrɛkərd: dɪd nɑt meɪk pleɪɔfs ˈædɪd: ɛf ˈmərzə (θri jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ʤi ˈmæθju frəm ˈklivlənd; fɔr jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ɛf θɑn ˈmeɪkər (fərst raʊnd, pɪk ˈoʊvərˌɔl); ʤi ˈmælkəm ˈbrɑgdən (ˈsɛkənd raʊnd, pɪk ˈoʊvərˌɔl) lɔst: ʤi ˈbeɪlɪs (saɪnd wɪθ ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə); ʤi væˈskɛz (saɪnd wɪθ ˈbrʊklɪn) rɪˈteɪnd: maɪəlz ˈpləmˌli (fɔr jɪrz, 50 ˈmɪljən) ðə ki mæn: antetokounmpo*. koʊʧ ˈʤeɪsən kɪd geɪv "ðə grik frik" ðə bɔl ˈmɪdˌweɪ θru læst ˈsizən ənd sɛd hi wɑz ðə pɔɪnt ˈfɔrwərd. ðə ˈdɪdənt ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt. hɪz əˈfɛnsɪv ˈreɪtɪŋ ˈæftər ðə ˌɔlˈstɑr breɪk, wɪn hi wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt ʤɑb ˈfʊlˌtaɪm, ˌɪnˈkrist frəm tɪ ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz wɪθ lɛŋθ ənd sˈlæʃɪŋ əˈbɪləˌti tɪ faɪnd ˈtimˌmeɪts ˈstɑrtəlz. bət ðə frik həz tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ˈræpədli ɔn. hi wɛnt frəm ˈɔfəl ˌbiˈfɔr ðə breɪk bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ɑrk pərˈsɛnt) tɪ ʤɪst ˈɔfəl pərˈsɛnt). tɔp 10 pleɪz: mɪlˈwɔki bəks ʧɛk aʊt ðə mɪlˈwɔki bəks' tɔp 10 pleɪz əv ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ ˈsizən. ðə ˈskɪni: ˈmeɪkər lʊkt ˈvɛri ˈkəmfərtəbəl pleɪɪŋ əˈgɛnst ˈəðər ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ pleɪərz ɪn ðə ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs ˈsəmər lig. ðə tru tɛst wɪl kəm ɪn ðə fɔl, əv kɔrs, bət ðə bəks hæv gɔn fər lɛŋθ ənd pəˈtɛnʃəl dɪˈfɛnsɪv dɪsˈrəptɪv əˈbɪləˌti ˈɛvəri taɪm, ənd ˈmeɪkər həz boʊθ. wɑz ə nis, ˈsaɪnɪŋ hu wɑz wən əv ðə ligz bɛst ˈʃutərz ɪn ˈfinɪks. hi wɪl hæv tɪ ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt ðət ɪn mɪlˈwɔki. kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli meɪk sɛns pleɪɪŋ pɔɪnt gɑrd ɛz ə ˈʃutər nɛkst tɪ ˈmɪdəltən ənd antetokounmpo*. ðə bəks stɪl hæv wən tu ˈmɛni bɪg mɛn fər ðə roʊˈteɪʃən tɪ meɪk sɛns, ənd ðɛr wɑz tu məʧ smoʊk əraʊnd treɪd ˈrumərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ grɛg mənˈroʊ, ə pəˈtɛnʃəl fri ˈeɪʤənt nɛkst ˈsəmər, tɪ dɪsˈmɪs ðɛm. 24 ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˈsɪti ˈθəndər ˈrɛkərd: lɔst ˈwɛstərn ˈkɑnfərəns ˈfaɪnəlz ˈædɪd: ʤi ˈvɪktər (əkˈwaɪərd frəm ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ); ɛf (əkˈwaɪərd frəm ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ); ɛf (dræft raɪts əkˈwaɪərd frəm ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ); ʤi ˈæləks (θri jɪrz, ˈmɪljən) lɔst: ɛf ˈkɛvɪn ˈdʊrənt (saɪnd wɪθ ˈgoʊldən steɪt); ʤi ˈrændi fɔɪ (saɪnd wɪθ ˈbrʊklɪn); ɛf sərʤ (ˈtreɪdɪd tɪ ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ); ʤi diɔn ˈweɪtərz (saɪnd wɪθ maɪˈæmi) rɪˈteɪnd: ʤi ˈænθɔˌni ˈmɔroʊ (ˌgɛrənˈtid ˈkɑnˌtrækt) ðə ki mæn: ʤi ˈrəsəl ˈwɛstˌbrʊk. ðɛr wɑz məʧ ˈnætərɪŋ ɔn tˈwɪtər læst wik wɪn dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ əkˈsɛpt ˈɔfər keɪm tɪ laɪt, ˈʧɑpɪŋ mi əp fər ˈraɪtɪŋ æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv fri ˈeɪʤənsi ðət ˈwɛstˌbrʊk hæd noʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ə ˌrinɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃən. ðə ˈθəndər bɪt ðə ˈbʊlət ə ˈkəpəl əv wiks ˈleɪtər, rɪˈsɪndɪŋ ɪts kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ ˈɔfər tɪ diɔn ˈweɪtərz, wɪʧ əˈlaʊd ɪm tɪ bɪˈkəm ən ˌənriˈstrɪktɪd fri ˈeɪʤənt ənd ˈminɪŋ hi ˈwʊdənt bi rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈθəndər nɛkst ˈsizən. ɪf nɑt fər ðət, ˈkʊdənt hæv klɪrd ðə 8 ˈmɪljən ðət ɪt wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ æd tɪ ɪts ˈɔfər tɪ ˈwɛstˌbrʊk. wɪθ mɔr lut ɔn ðə ˈteɪbəl, ˈwɛstˌbrʊk ʧeɪnʤd hɪz maɪnd ənd ækˈsɛptɪd ðə θˈriˌjɪr, 85 ˈmɪljən ˈɔfər (wɪʧ həz ə pleɪər ˈɔpʃən fər ɪts kɔld "ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ jʊr maɪnd." ɪn ðə ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˈsɪti ˈrəsəl ˈwɛstˌbrʊk lɛd ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ ðɪs ˈsizən wɪθ 18. ðə ˈskɪni: ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈʃʊgər ˈkoʊtɪŋ ðə ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ lɔs əv ˈdʊrənt tɪ ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz, ənd baɪɪŋ ən ˈɛkstrə ˈsizən əv ˈwɛstˌbrʊk, waɪl ˈbɛtər, ˈdəzənt bɪˈgɪn tɪ meɪk əp fər ðət. ðə ˌækwəˈzɪʃən əv, ənd ˈoʊnli meɪd sɛns ɪf ðeɪ wər pleɪɪŋ wɪθ ˈdʊrənt. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈoʊnli meɪd sɛns ɪf ˈdʊrənt wɑz ðɛr. naʊ, hiz nɑt, ənd koʊʧ ˈbɪli ˈdɑnəvən wɪl hæv tɪ wət tɪ du əˈfɛnsɪvli. ˈʃʊrli ɪt wɪl ˌɪnˈvɑlv ə lɔt əv ˈwɛstˌbrʊk, wɪθ mɔr ˈtəʧɪz fər ˈstivən ˈædəmz, bət boʊθ wɪl nid ˈməltəpəl pleɪərz ɔn ðə flɔr wɪθ ðɛm ðət kən nɑk daʊn ʃɑts. wɪl hæv tɪ bi fərst əˈməŋ ˈikwəlz ɪn ðət rɪˈgɑrd ɛz hi ʃɑt ə 35 pərˈsɛnt ɔn wɪθ ðə ˈmæʤɪk læst ˈsizən. bət ˈivɪn ə drəˈmætɪk ˈəpˌtɪk fər ɪn ðət rɪˈgɑrd ˈdəzənt ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈkælkjələs; ðə ˈθəndər ɪz noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ə ˈtaɪtəl kənˈtɛndər. wɪn ðæts ɔl juv noʊn fər jɪrz, ɪts hɑrd tɪ gɪt juzd tɪ ðət nu ˌriˈæləˌti. 25 sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ spərz ˈrɛkərd: lɔst ɪn ˈwɛstərn ˈkɑnfərəns ˌsɛmɪˈfaɪnəlz ˈædɪd: ɛf (tu jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); si dɪˈweɪn ˈdɛdmən (tu jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ɛf ˈdeɪvɪd li (tu jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ɛf ˈdeɪvɪs (tu jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ɛf (ˌfɔˈrjɪr ˈrʊki skeɪl ˈkɑnˌtrækt, 6 ˈmɪljən); ʤi ˈməri (fərst raʊnd, pɪk ˈoʊvərˌɔl) lɔst: si tɪm ˈdəŋkən (rɪˈtaɪrd); ɛf ˈbɔrɪs (ˈtreɪdɪd tɪ ˈjuˌtɔ); ɛf ˈdeɪvɪd wɛst (saɪnd wɪθ ˈgoʊldən steɪt); si (saɪnd wɪθ ˈdiˌtrɔɪt) rɪˈteɪnd: ʤi ˈmɑˌnu (wən jɪr, 14 ˈmɪljən); ɛf ˈʤɑnəθən ˈsɪmənz (ˌgɛrənˈtid ˈkɑnˌtrækt) ðə ki mæn: koʊʧ grɛg ˈpɑpəvɪʧ. hi juzd tɪ ʤoʊk ðət wɪn ˈdəŋkən rɪˈtaɪrd, hid bi raɪt bɪˈhaɪnd ɪm aʊt ðə dɔr. ðə truθ ɪz ˈpɑpəvɪʧ həz bɪn pərˈpɛrɪŋ tɪ bi ðə spərz' koʊʧ wɪˈθaʊt ˈdəŋkən fər ˈmɛni jɪrz. ðɛr woʊnt bi ˈmɛni ˈdɪfərənsɪz ɪn dɪˈminər, nɑt wɪθ ə ˈvɛtərən grup ðæts stɪl ˈkeɪpəbəl əv kəmˈpitɪŋ æt ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəlz. bət ˈvɛtərən wɪl bi ˈwɑʧɪŋ fər ˈɛni ˈsətəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. tɪm ˈdəŋkən kərɪr ˌrɛtrəˈspɛktɪv lʊk bæk æt tɪm ˌɪˈləstriəs ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ kərɪr. ðə ˈskɪni: ɔl əv ðə spərz' muvz wər ˈpərfəktli faɪn. ðə ˈdaʊnˈgreɪd ɪz bɪˈkəz əv rɪˈtaɪərmənt ˈæftər 19 ˈsizənz. hi wɑz ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪzɪz ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ənd ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəl həb, ðə ˈkɔrnərˌstoʊn əv wət bɪˈkeɪm proʊ spɔrts' ˈmɑdəl ˈfrænˌʧaɪz. hi sɛt ðə toʊn ənd ðə ˈstændərdz; hi wɑz, ˈivɪn ɪn hɪz ˈfɪzɪkəl dɪˈklaɪn, stɪl ðə ˈpərsən hɪz ˈtimˌmeɪts lʊkt tɪ ɪn ˈmoʊmənts əv ˈtrəbəl. ju doʊnt ˌriˈpleɪs ðət ənd ju doʊnt ˈoʊvərˌkəm ɪt kˈwɪkli, ðoʊ ɪz ə ˈrizənəbəl fækˈsɪməli ɪn ˈtɛmpərmənt, ənd hu stɪl həz səm geɪm. sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ həz ə lɔt əv nu ənd ˌɪnˈtrigɪŋ ˈpisɪz ɪn ɪts ˈpaɪˌplaɪn, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ, ɪts pɪk ɪn 2011 hu ˈfaɪnəli keɪm ˈoʊvər ˈæftər ˈspɛndɪŋ faɪv jɪrz ɪn ˈjʊrəp. ˈməri ɪz ən æθˈlɛtɪk ˈmɑrvəl hu wɪl nid ə ˈkəpəl əv jɪrz æt ˈpɑpəvɪʧ ju tɪ ənˈlɑk ðə rɛst əv hɪz geɪm. ˈɑptɪd fər wən læst go-round*. ðə spərz wɪl bi gʊd əˈgɛn, ənd ˈmeɪbi əm ˌəndərˈɛstɪˌmeɪtɪŋ haʊ gʊd ˈlɛnərd ənd ˈɔldrɪʤ ər. bət ɪt sɪz hir ˈɪtəl teɪk ə jɪr tɪ rɪˈkəvər ˈiˌmoʊʃnəli frəm ðə lɔs əv ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪzɪz ˈtəʧˌstoʊn. 26 ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈwɪzərdz ˈrɛkərd: dɪd nɑt meɪk pleɪɔfs ˈædɪd: si ˈiən (fɔr jɪrz, 62 ˈmɪljən); ɛf ˈændru ˈnɪkəlsən (fɔr jɪrz, 26 ˈmɪljən); si ˈʤeɪsən smɪθ (θri jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ʤi toʊˈmɑs (θri jɪrz, 9 ˈmɪljən); ʤi treɪ bərk (əkˈwaɪərd frəm ˈjuˌtɔ); haɪərd koʊʧ skɑt brʊks lɔst: si nin (saɪnd wɪθ ˈhjustən); ɛf ˈʤɛrɪd ˈdədli (saɪnd wɪθ ˈfinɪks); ʤi rəˈmoʊn ˈsɛʃənz (saɪnd wɪθ ˈʃɑrlət); ʤi ˈgɛrɪt ˈtɛmpəl (saɪnd wɪθ ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ); ˈælən ˈændərsən (saɪnd wɪθ l.a*. ˈklɪpərz); faɪərd ˈfɔrmər hɛd koʊʧ ˈrændi ˈwɪtmən rɪˈteɪnd: ʤi ˈbrædli bil (faɪv jɪrz, 127 ˈmɪljən); ʤi ˈmɑrkəs ˈθɔrntən (wən jɪr, ˈmɪljən) ðə ki mæn: ɛf ˈkɛli ˈubər. ðə ˈwɪzərdz bɪˈliv ðɛr ˈfɔrwərd ɪz sɛt fər ə ˈmeɪʤər ʤəmp əp nɛkst ˈsizən, ˈwɛðər ɛz ə ˈʧælɪnʤər tɪ ˌɪnˈkəmbənt θri ˈɑˌtoʊ ˈpɔrtər ər ˈgɪtɪŋ mɔr ˈmɪnəts ɔf ðə bɛnʧ. ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈdɛspərətli nidz æθˈlɛtɪk bɪgz hu kən dɪˈfɛnd ənd hɛlp speɪs ðə flɔr. ˈubər ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli flæʃt læst ˈsizən, bət hi ˈdɪdənt ərn mɔr ˈmɪnəts ˈəndər ˈwɪtmən. brʊks ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ gɪv ɪm mɔr ˈʧænsɪz. tɔp 10 pleɪz: ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈwɪzərdz ʧɛk aʊt ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈwɪzərdz tɔp 10 pleɪz əv ðə ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizən. ðə ˈskɪni: ju kænt plæn fər θri jɪrz tɪ goʊ ˈæftər ˈdʊrənt ənd nɑt ˈivɪn gɪt ə ˈmitɪŋ. ðæts ˈbɔrdərˌlaɪn ˈkrɪmənəl, ənd ju kænt gɪt ə haɪ greɪd wɪn ju eɪmd soʊ haɪ ənd əˈkɑmplɪʃt soʊ ˈlɪtəl. æl wʊd hæv bɪn ə strɔŋ plæn bi, bət hi ˈɑptɪd fər ˈbɔstən, soʊ ðə ˈwɪzərdz ˈskræmbəld tɪ riˈbɪld ðɛr bɛnʧ, wɪʧ wɑz ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt ənd ˌənɪnˈspaɪərd læst ˈsizən, ˌɪnˈstɛd. (ˈhævɪŋ ˈməltəpəl vɛts ɔn ˈwənˌjɪr ˈkɑnˌtrækts wɑz nɑt ə ˌkævəˈlɪr aɪˈdiə.) ˈpɔrtər ɪz ə ˈsɑləd ˈstɑrtər, bət əv kɔrs, ju ɪkˈspɛkt mɔr ðən "ˈsɑləd" frəm ðə θərd pɪk ɪn ðə 2013 dræft. wɪθ ʤɑn wɔl ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf əv ˈsərʤəri ɔn boʊθ niz, ənd wɪθ ˈstrəgəlz tɪ steɪ ˈhɛlθi fər ə fʊl kæmˈpeɪn, ɪts hɑrd tɪ si ðə ˈwɪzərdz duɪŋ məʧ mɔr ðən ðə 500 ðeɪ ˈpoʊstɪd læst jɪr. 27 tərˈɑntoʊ ˈræptərz ˈrɛkərd: lɔst ˈistərn ˈkɑnfərəns ˈfaɪnəlz ˈædɪd: ɛf ˈʤɛrɪd ˈsəlɪŋər (wən jɪr, ˈmɪljən); ˈʤækəb (fərst raʊnd, naɪnθ pɪk ˈoʊvərˌɔl); ɛf pæˈskæl (fərst raʊnd, pɪk ˈoʊvərˌɔl) lɔst: si (saɪnd wɪθ ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ); ɛf luis ˈskoʊlə (saɪnd wɪθ ˈbrʊklɪn); ɛf ˈænθɔˌni ˈbɛnɪt (saɪnd wɪθ ˈbrʊklɪn); ɛf ʤeɪmz ˈʤɑnsən (saɪnd wɪθ maɪˈæmi) rɪˈteɪnd: ʤi dɪˈmɑr (faɪv jɪrz, ˈmɪljən) ðə ki mæn: ʤi kaɪl ˈlaʊri. hi wɑz ðə ˈkætəˌlɪst fər ðə ˈræptərz' ˌrɛnəˈsɑns læst jɪr, ənd wɪl bi soʊ əˈgɛn. hi ənd ˈkɛmɪstri ənd ˈlidərˌʃɪp gɪvz ðə ˈræptərz ə ʧæns ˈɛvəri naɪt, ənd æt 30 wɪθ wən mɔr ʃɑt æt ə bɪg dil ɔn hɪz ˈrækɪt ˈæftər nɛkst jɪr, ɪts nɑt ˈlaɪkli jul si məʧ sˈlɪpɪʤ frəm ˈlaʊri nɛkst ˈsizən. ðə ˈskɪni: pliz du nɑt sɛnd mi meɪl, tərˈɑntoʊ taɪps, ˈtɛlɪŋ mi aɪ heɪt jʊr ˈfrænˌʧaɪz ənd heɪt ˈkænədə. aɪ doʊnt, ənd aɪ doʊnt. ðə ˈræptərz ər ɔˈrɛdi ə gʊd tim, ɛz ðɛr rən tɪ ðə ˈkɑnfərəns ˈfaɪnəlz ʃoʊd. əˈgɛn: ðɪs lɪst ˈʤəʤɪz muvz, ənd ˈəðər ðən ˈteɪkɪŋ ə flaɪər ɔn ˈsəlɪŋər, ðə ˈræptərz ˈdɪdənt du ˈvɛri məʧ, ˈəðər ðən ˈsaɪnɪŋ ˈlɔŋˈtərm. ðət wɑz bɪg, bət nɑt ɪˈnəf fər ə tim ðət ˈkʊdənt mæʧ ðə ɪn ðə ˈkɑnfərəns ˈfaɪnəlz. ənd ˈluzɪŋ, hu wɑz ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl pərˈdəktɪv əˈgɛnst ˈklivlənd spəˈsɪfɪkli ɪn ðə postseason*, wɪl hərt. ɪt pʊts mɔr hit ɔn ˈʤoʊnəs tɪ meɪk ə ˈdɪfərəns ˈɛvəri naɪt. ˈsəlɪŋər kʊd bi ə sˈniki gʊd ˈpɪˌkəp, ðoʊ, ɪf ɪf hi ɪz ɪn ʃeɪp. 28 nu ˌɔˈrlinz ˈpɛlɪkənz ˈrɛkərd: dɪd nɑt meɪk pleɪɔfs ˈædɪd: ɛf ˈsɑləmən hɪl (fɔr jɪrz, 48 ˈmɪljən); ʤi mʊr (fɔr jɪrz, 34 ˈmɪljən); ɛf ˈtɛrəns ʤoʊnz (wən jɪr, ˈmɪljən); ʤi ˈlæŋstən ˈgæloʊˌweɪ (tu jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ʤi ˈbədi (fərst raʊnd, sɪksθ pɪk ˈoʊvərˌɔl); ɛf (dræft raɪts əkˈwaɪərd frəm l.a*. ˈklɪpərz) lɔst: ɛf raɪən ˈændərsən (saɪnd wɪθ ˈhjustən); ʤi ˈɛrɪk ˈgɔrdən (saɪnd wɪθ ˈhjustən); ɛf ʤeɪmz ˈɛnɪs (saɪnd wɪθ ˈmɛmpfɪs); ɛf luk ˈbæbɪt (ˈtreɪdɪd tɪ maɪˈæmi) rɪˈteɪnd: ʤi tɪm ˈfreɪʒər (tu jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ʤi əˈlɑnzoʊ ʤi (wən jɪr, ˈmɪljən) tɔp 10 pleɪz: nu ˌɔˈrlinz ˈpɛlɪkənz ʧɛk aʊt ðə nu ˌɔˈrlinz ˈpɛlɪkənz tɔp 10 pleɪz əv ðə ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizən. ðə ˈskɪni: hɪl hæd ə ˈvɛri gʊd ˈsizən fər ðə ˈpeɪsərz ənd ə lɔt əv timz wər ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ɪm, bət ɪz hi ˈrɛdi fər ə ˈsɛkənd kræk ɛz ə ˈstɑrtər ˈæftər ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈoʊvər fər ðə ˈɪnʤərd pɔl ʤɔrʤ ɪn ˌɪndiˈænə fər moʊst əv ðə ˈsizən? ðə ˈpɛlɪkənz ər ˈbɛtɪŋ hi ɪz. wɪl stɛp ɪn raɪt əˈweɪ ənd prəˈvaɪd ˌɔlˈstɑr ˈænθɔˌni ˈdeɪvɪs wɪθ səm ɛr ˈkəvər ənd ðə ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˈrʊki wɪl bi ləvd daʊn ɪn nawlins*. nɑt ʃʊr ðə ˈpɛlɪkənz meɪd ə juʤ ˌɪmˈpruvmənt tɪ ðɛr ˈrɑstər, ðoʊ ˈgæloʊˌweɪ dɪd səm gʊd θɪŋz ɪn nu jɔrk. ʤoʊnz kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli bi ə strɛʧ fɔr bət ðət seɪm pəˈtɛnʃəl wɑz ɪn ˈhjustən baɪ ˈɪnʤəriz. 29 maɪˈæmi hit ˈrɛkərd: lɔst ɪn ˈistərn ˈkɑnfərəns ˌsɛmɪˈfaɪnəlz ˈædɪd: ʤi diɔn ˈweɪtərz (tu jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ɛf ˈdɛrɪk ˈwɪljəmz (wən jɪr, 5 ˈmɪljən); ɛf ʤeɪmz ˈʤɑnsən (wən jɪr, 4 ˈmɪljən); ʤi weɪn ˈɛlɪŋtən (tu jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); si ˈwɪli rid (tu jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ɛf luk ˈbæbɪt (əkˈwaɪərd frəm nu ˌɔˈrlinz) lɔst: ʤi weɪd (saɪnd wɪθ ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ); ʤi ʤoʊ ˈʤɑnsən (saɪnd wɪθ ˈjuˌtɔ); ɛf dɛŋ (saɪnd wɪθ l.a*. ˈleɪkərz); ɛf ˈstudəˌmaɪr (rɪˈtaɪrd); ɛf ˈʤɛrəld grin (saɪnd wɪθ ˈbɔstən) rɪˈteɪnd: si həˈsɑn ˈwaɪtˌsaɪd (fɔr jɪrz, 98 ˈmɪljən); ʤi ˈtaɪlər ˈʤɑnsən (mæʧt ˈbrʊklɪn ˈɔfər ʃit (fɔr jɪrz, 50 ˈmɪljən); (wən jɪr, 4 ˈmɪljən) ðə ki mæn: ɛf krɪs bɑʃ. ənˈlɛs ənd ənˈtɪl ðə hit gɪts ɪts ˌɔlˈstɑr paʊər ˈfɔrwərd bæk, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛls ɪz ˈwɪndoʊ ˈdrɛsɪŋ. hɪz ənˈsərtən ˈstætəs rɪˈtərnɪŋ frəm bləd klɑts ɪn 2015 ənd ən ənˈspɛsəˌfaɪd ˈeɪlmənt ðɪs pæst ˈsizən həz pʊt ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz ɔn hoʊld. ə ˈhɛlθi bɑʃ ənd ˈwaɪtˌsaɪd kʊd hoʊld daʊn ðə fɔrt; wɪˈθaʊt ɪm, ðə hit ʤɪst həz tu ˈmɛni hoʊlz, əˈspɛʃəli ɔn əˈfɛns, wɛr dɪˈvərsəˌfaɪd geɪm meɪd soʊ ˈmɛni ˈəðər θɪŋz ˈpɑsəbəl. ðə ˈskɪni: praɪd goʊz ðə fɔl. ɪf ðeɪ hæd ə do-over*, hit ˈprɛzɪdənt pæt ˈraɪli ənd weɪd meɪ hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ wərk ˈsəmθɪŋ aʊt, soʊ ðət weɪd wʊd ˈfɪnɪʃ hɪz kərɪr ɪn maɪˈæmi. bət ðeɪ doʊnt. ðɛr ɪz ən ˈɑrgjəmənt tɪ bi meɪd ðət ɪt meɪ hæv bɪn wərθ ɪt ɪn ðə lɔŋ rən tɪ lɛt weɪd wɔk, ˈlivɪŋ maɪˈæmi wɪθ lɑts əv kæp speɪs ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 2017 ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət timz noʊ ðə hit ənd ˈəðər timz wɪl hæv kæp speɪs nɛkst jɪr, ənd ðɛr ˈjuzɪŋ ðɛr oʊn kæp speɪs ðɪs ˈsəmər tɪ teɪk mɑrˈki neɪmz ɔf ðə ˈmɑrkɪt laɪk ˈrəsəl ˈwɛstˌbrʊk. soʊ fər naʊ, maɪˈæmi həz tɪ hoʊp ðət ˈwaɪtˌsaɪd wɪl bi ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ˈrəðər ðən mˈjutɪd baɪ hɪz bɪg ˈpeɪˌdeɪ, ənd ðət ˈweɪtərz kən stɛp ɪn ənd prəˈvaɪd ˈskɔrɪŋ ənd ə ˈlɪtəl dɪˈfɛns. ðə gɛs hir ɪz ðət ðə hit wʊd prɪˈfər nɑt tɪ hæv tɪ dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ə ˈwɪnzloʊ ər ə ʤɑʃ ˈrɪʧərdsən fər mæks ˈmɪnəts ənd ʃɑts, ðoʊ ˈwɪnzloʊ ɪz ˈsərtənli ˈkeɪpəbəl əv duɪŋ mɔr. bət ˈluzɪŋ jʊr ˈfrænˌʧaɪzɪz ˌaɪˈkɑnɪk pleɪər ɪz ə ni ˈbəkələr tɪ fænz ənd tɪ pleɪərz ənd ɪts goʊɪŋ tɪ teɪk ə ˈmɪnət fər ˈɛvriˌwən ɔn saʊθ biʧ tɪ ˈgæðər ðɛr θɔts ənd kæʧ ðɛr brɛθ. 30 ˈbrʊklɪn nɛts ˈrɛkərd: dɪd nɑt meɪk pleɪɔfs ˈædɪd: ʤi ˈʤɛrəˌmi lɪn (θri jɪrz, 36 ˈmɪljən); ɛf ˈtrɛvər ˈbʊkər (θri jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); ɛf luis ˈskoʊlə (wən jɪr, ˈmɪljən); ʤi væˈskɛz (wən jɪr, ˈmɪljən); ʤi ˈrændi fɔɪ (wən jɪr, ˈmɪljən); ɛf ˈænθɔˌni ˈbɛnɪt (tu jɪrz, ˈmɪljən); si ˈʤəstɪn ˈhæməltən (tu jɪrz, 6 ˈmɪljən); ʤi ˈkærɪs ˈlɛvərt (dræft raɪts əkˈwaɪərd frəm ˌɪndiˈænə); ʤi ˌaɪˈzeɪə ˈwaɪˌthɛd (dræft raɪts əkˈwaɪərd frəm ˈjuˌtɔ); haɪərd hɛd koʊʧ kɛn ˈætkɪnsən lɔst: ɛf ˈθædiəs jəŋ (ˈtreɪdɪd tɪ ˌɪndiˈænə); ʤi weɪn ˈɛlɪŋtən (saɪnd wɪθ maɪˈæmi); ʤi ˈʤɛrət ʤæk (saɪnd wɪθ æˈtlæntə); ˈwɪli rid (saɪnd wɪθ maɪˈæmi); dɪd nɑt rɪˈteɪn ˈɪnərəm hɛd koʊʧ ˈtoʊni braʊn rɪˈteɪnd: nən ðə ki mæn: ʃɔn mɑrks. hiz kˈwɪkli traɪɪŋ tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə pleɪər ˈkəlʧər daɪv ðət ɪz ə ˈtreɪdˌmɑrk əv ɔl ˈfɔrmər sæn ænˈtoʊnioʊ ˈpipəl, ʤɪst ɛz maɪk dɪd ɪn æˈtlæntə wɪʧ ɪkˈspleɪnz ɪn pɑrt waɪ mɑrks ˈreɪdɪd æˈtlæntə fər ˈætkɪnsən, hu wɑz əˈsɪstənt fər ðə hɔks. laɪk ðə spərz, mɑrks ɪz ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ˌənkənˈvɛnʃənəl aɪˈdiəz, laɪk ˈhaɪrɪŋ ˈnætəli ʤeɪ, ə ˈfɔrmər ʤuˈdɪʃəl lɔ klərk fər ðə juz. kɔrt əv əˈpilz fər ðə eɪθ ˈsərkət, ɛz ðə timz capologist*. ʃɔn mɑrks ˈɪntərvˌju nɛts ˈʤɛnərəl ˈmænɪʤər ʃɔn mɑrks sɪts daʊn wɪθ stiv smɪθ ənd ˈkɛvɪn kəˈlæbroʊ tɪ tɔk ˈbrʊklɪn ˈbæskətˌbɔl. ðə ˈskɪni: ðə nɛts traɪd tɪ ˈhaɪˌʤæk ə ˈkəpəl əv riˈstrɪktɪd fri ˈeɪʤənts, wɪθ ðə ɪkˈspɛktɪd rɪˈzəlts, ɛz maɪˈæmi mæʧt ˈbrʊklɪnz ˈɔfər ʃit fər gɑrd ˈtaɪlər ˈʤɑnsən, ənd ˈpɔrtlənd mæʧt ðə nɛts' ʃit fər ˈælən kræb. soʊ ɪts bæk tɪ ðə drɔɪŋ bɔrd fər ˈbrʊklɪn, wɪʧ kən stɪl goʊ θru ˈsɛnər brʊk ˈloʊpɛz fər ˈstrɛʧɪz. ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðɛr ˈɑrənt ə hoʊl lɔt əv ˈbæˌkəp ˈɔpʃənz. greɪdz: ðə ˈmɪdəl 10 greɪdz: ðə tɔp 10 ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ rɪˈpɔrtər ənd ˈkɑləmnəst ˈdeɪvɪd ˈɔldrɪʤ ɪz ən ˈænəlɪst fər tnt*. ju kən ˈiˌmeɪl ɪm hir ənd ˈfɑloʊ ɪm ɔn tˈwɪtər. ðə vjuz ɔn ðɪs peɪʤ du nɑt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli rɪˈflɛkt ðə vjuz əv ðə ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ, ɪts kləbz ər ˈtərnər ˈbrɔdˌkæstɪŋ.
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there is no bottom, it seems.
there was so much money spent by so many nba teams on so many, uh, unproven players in free agency this season that twitter came unglued. the dollars spent on the timofey mozgovs and chandler parsons of the world seemed so outsized and inexplicable that nfl players took to social media to complain about those players' lack of credentials.
the money flowed and flowed and chaos seemed to reign, stopped only by nba nation's kevin durant obsession. we all wanted to know if kd was staying in oklahoma city (personal aside: his since-shuttered restaurant there was damned good, giving me a gastro-centric rooting interest) or going elsewhere.
his, though, was merely the biggest story of movement from team to team since the end of the finals.
with so much tv money flooding the system, every team was compelled to spend as much of it as it could, leaving just about all of them dramatically different than they were just weeks ago.
this is where we, as ever, come in.
the annual rankings of all 30 teams is, again, just taking into account everything that teams have done since they last played a game, factoring in the draft, free agency and trades.
here's what it is not:
• a predicted order of finish for next season.
i do not expect the jazz, for example, to have a better record than the cavs. we're not talking about next year; we're talking about this summer. is your team better now than it was before? that's all. (some teams, though not all, have a key man or person listed in the rankings that is worth paying special attention to when assessing how productive their offseason was.)
• if your team is ranked in the top 10, it doesn't mean i love your team.
• if your team is ranked in the bottom 10, it doesn't mean i hate your team.
it's an opinion that seeks to answer a question: is the team better now than at the end of last season? the ranking reflects the belief on whether, and how much, that is so. (i like certain guys in the draft more than others, so if your team took them, i probably gave it more weight. doesn't mean i'm right.)
what plays into the rankings:
• this is art as much as science, weighing the impact both of the draft and free agency, but also assessing whether teams got value in their free-agent signings. overpaying the right player is as much a sin as signing the wrong player.
• new coaches, new gms, new owners and new arenas are also significant factors in judging a team's summer success. a good coach can coax some more wins out of a roster, and a new building can generate the kind of revenue necessary to let a team be aggressive in pursuing free agents and trades -- if not this season, then in future seasons.
• teams that are rebuilding obviously have different priorities than those making a championship push. that's factored in. it's why, even though i may like oklahoma city's trade for victor oladipo, losing durant obviously carries more weight. and a team like the warriors that commits to paying durant after already paying so many of its core players gets more positive bounce. that luxury tax is a real thing. owners like joe lacob and peter guber in golden state, who pay the tax to remain competitive, should get credit.
• continuity matters here as well. the most successful teams identify a core group of players and keep them together several seasons; teams that re-sign their own players (at reasonable amounts) get good marks. the explosion in the cap means everyone has to be more aggressive, and everyone has to spend; keeping your powder dry for another day doesn't have as much cache as it used to.
salary numbers, with a couple of exceptions, come from basketball insiders, whose eric pincus does the best job of anyone in the game of keeping track of all the moving financial parts, quickly and accurately.
the top 10
warriors, grizzlies, jazz, pacers, celtics, cavaliers, suns, timberwolves, nuggets, 76ers
the middle 10
trail blazers, magic, kings, hawks, hornets, lakers, mavericks, rockets, knicks, pistons
the bottom 10
bulls, clippers, bucks, thunder, spurs, wizards, raptors, pelicans, heat, nets
the bottom 10
21. chicago bulls
2015-16 record: 42-40, did not make playoffs
added: g dwyane wade (two years, $47 million); g rajon rondo (two years, $27.4 million); g isaiah canaan (two years, $2.1 million); c robin lopez (acquired from new york); g jerian grant (acquired from new york); g spencer dinwiddie (acquired from detroit); g denzel valentine (first round, 14th pick overall); f paul zipser (second round, 48th pick overall)
lost: f/c pau gasol (signed with san antonio); f/c joakim noah (signed with new york); g aaron brooks (signed with indiana); g e'twaun moore (signed with new orleans); g derrick rose (traded to new york); g justin holiday (traded to new york)
retained: none
the key man: f doug mcdermott. "mcbuckets" was a consistent weapon off the bench for coach fred hoiberg last season. in his third season, mcdermott should have the inside track to starting at the four. shooting 43 percent on 3-pointers, mcdermott will have to find other places and ways to score when he's on the floor with rondo and others who aren't as capable behind the arc.
gametime: bulls are butler's team rick kamla and steve smith discuss why the bulls are still jimmy butler's team even after the addition of dwyane wade.
the skinny: how does it all fit? how will two guards who don't shoot threes all that well complement and create space for all-star jimmy butler, the team's most important player? the bulls' offseason moves don't resemble team-building as much as spackling holes to keep a house from crumbling. there can't be hopes that anyone brought in this summer other than the rookie valentine (and maybe grant) will be part of the team's future. this group could come together well enough to make the playoffs, but once there, what would be possible?
22. la clippers
2015-16 record: 53-29, lost in first round
added: f marreese speights (two years, $2.9 million); g raymond felton (one year, $1.5 million); f brandon bass (one year, $1.5 million); f/g alan anderson (one year, $1.3 million); f/c brice johnson (first round, 25th pick overall); f/c diamond stone (draft rights acquired from new orleans); g devyn marble (acquired from orlando)
lost: c cole aldrich (signed with minnesota); f jeff green (signed with orlando); g pablo prigioni (signed with houston); g c.j. wilcox (traded to orlando)
retained: g jamal crawford (three years, $42 million); g austin rivers (three years, $35.5 million); f luc mbah a moute (two years, $4.5 million); f/g wesley johnson
the key man: f blake griffin. coach doc rivers insists there's no chance the clippers will trade griffin, who could be a free agent in 2017, and whose injuries and bad judgment in punching a club employee during a fight and breaking his hand wrecked the clips' title hopes last year. griffin has to be smarter going forward. l.a. needs his playmaking, scoring and rebounding available at all times.
the skinny: lather, rinse, repeat. l.a.'s commitment to its starting five (to be clear, that's understandable) means there isn't much coin left to build a bench. the clippers could only offer short-term deals last year and it led to a bench that was horrible for long stretches, until rivers went to a three-guard lineup, with prigioni joining austin rivers and crawford. felton will take over for the departed prigioni, but it's going to be hard to ask two rookies to step in right away for aldrich. a productive bench is crucial to keeping l.a.'s starters from logging killer minutes; that quintet is as good as any in the league. speights played well in the free-wheeling warriors system and he could be a big boost in l.a., too. but the clips' window with this core group isn't going to be open much longer.
23. milwaukee bucks
2015-16 record: 33-49; did not make playoffs
added: f mirza teletovic (three years, $31.5 million); g matthew dellavedova (sign-and-trade from cleveland; four years, $38.4 million); f thon maker (first round, 10th pick overall); g malcolm brogdon (second round, 36th pick overall)
lost: g jerryd bayless (signed with philadelphia); g greivis vasquez (signed with brooklyn)
retained: f/c miles plumlee (four years, $50 million)
the key man: f/g giannis antetokounmpo. coach jason kidd gave "the greek freak" the ball midway through last season and said he was the point forward. the 7-footer didn't disappoint. his offensive rating after the all-star break, when he was given the starting point job full-time, increased from 102.8 to 105.9. the possibilities with antetokounmpo's length and slashing ability to find teammates startles. but the freak has to continue to improve rapidly on 3-pointers. he went from unimaginably awful before the break behind the arc (23.9 percent) to just imaginably awful (28.6 percent).
top 10 plays: milwaukee bucks check out the milwaukee bucks' top 10 plays of the 2015-16 nba season.
the skinny: maker looked very comfortable playing against other nba players in the las vegas summer league. the true test will come in the fall, of course, but the bucks have gone for length and potential defensive disruptive ability every time, and maker has both. teletovic was a nice, under-the-radar signing who was one of the league's best 3-point shooters in phoenix. he will have to replicate that in milwaukee. dellavedova could potentially make sense playing point guard as a spot-up shooter next to khris middleton and antetokounmpo. the bucks still have one too many big men for the rotation to make sense, and there was too much smoke around trade rumors involving greg monroe, a potential free agent next summer, to dismiss them.
24. oklahoma city thunder
2015-16 record: 55-27, lost western conference finals
added: g victor oladipo (acquired from orlando); f ersan ilyasova (acquired from orlando); f domantas sabonis (draft rights acquired from orlando); g alex abrines (three years, $17.2 million)
lost: f kevin durant (signed with golden state); g randy foye (signed with brooklyn); f serge ibaka (traded to orlando); g dion waiters (signed with miami)
retained: g anthony morrow (guaranteed 2016-17 contract)
the key man: g russell westbrook. there was much nattering on twitter last week when westbrook's decision to accept okc's renegotiation/extension offer came to light, chopping me up for writing at the beginning of free agency that westbrook had no interest in a renegotiation. the thunder bit the bullet a couple of weeks later, rescinding its qualifying offer to dion waiters, which allowed him to become an unrestricted free agent -- and meaning he wouldn't be returning to the thunder next season. if not for that, okc couldn't have cleared the $8 million that it was able to add to its offer to westbrook. with more loot on the table, westbrook changed his mind and accepted the three-year, $85 million offer (which has a player option for 2018-19). it's called "changing your mind."
westbrook's triple-doubles in 2015-16 the oklahoma city thunder's russell westbrook led the nba this season with 18 triple-doubles.
the skinny: there is no sugar coating the devastating loss of durant to the franchise, and buying an extra season of westbrook, while better, doesn't begin to make up for that. the acquisition of oladipo, ilyasova and sabonis only made sense if they were playing with durant. everything only made sense if durant was there. now, he's not, and coach billy donovan will have to re-imagine what to do offensively. surely it will involve a lot of westbrook, with more touches for steven adams, but both will need multiple players on the floor with them that can knock down shots. oladipo will have to be first among equals in that regard as he shot a career-best 35 percent on 3-pointers with the magic last season. but even a dramatic uptick for oladipo in that regard doesn't change the calculus; the thunder is no longer a title contender. when that's all you've known for years, it's hard to get used to that new reality.
25. san antonio spurs
2015-16 record: 67-15, lost in western conference semifinals
added: f pau gasol (two years, $31.6 million); c dewayne dedmon (two years, $5.9 million); f david lee (two years, $1.9 million); f davis bertans (two years, $1.4 million); f livio jean-charles (four-year rookie scale contract, $6 million); g dejounte murray (first round, 29th pick overall)
lost: c tim duncan (retired); f boris diaw (traded to utah); f david west (signed with golden state); c boban marjanovic (signed with detroit)
retained: g manu ginobili (one year, $14 million); f jonathan simmons (guaranteed 2016-17 contract)
the key man: coach gregg popovich. he used to joke that when duncan retired, he'd be right behind him out the door. the truth is popovich has been preparing to be the spurs' coach without duncan for many years. there won't be many differences in demeanor, not with a veteran group that's still capable of competing at the highest levels. but veteran pop-ologists will be watching for any subtle changes.
tim duncan career retrospective look back at tim duncan's illustrious 19-year nba career.
the skinny: all of the spurs' moves were perfectly fine. the downgrade is because of duncan's retirement after 19 seasons. he was the franchise's emotional and spiritual hub, the cornerstone of what became pro sports' model franchise. he set the tone and the standards; he was, even in his physical decline, still the person his teammates looked to in moments of trouble. you don't replace that and you don't overcome it quickly, though gasol is a reasonable facsimile in temperament, and who still has some low-post game. san antonio has a lot of new and intriguing pieces in its pipeline, including bertans, its second-round pick in 2011 who finally came over after spending five years in europe. murray is an athletic marvel who will need a couple of years at popovich u to unlock the rest of his game. ginobili opted for one last go-round. the spurs will be good again, and maybe i'm underestimating how good all-stars kawhi leonard and lamarcus aldridge are. but it says here it'll take a year to recover emotionally from the loss of the franchise's touchstone.
26. washington wizards
2015-16 record: 41-41, did not make playoffs
added: c ian mahinmi (four years, $62 million); f andrew nicholson (four years, $26 million); c jason smith (three years, $15.7 million); g tomas satoransky (three years, $9 million); g trey burke (acquired from utah); hired coach scott brooks
lost: c nene (signed with houston); f jared dudley (signed with phoenix); g ramon sessions (signed with charlotte); g garrett temple (signed with sacramento); g/f alan anderson (signed with l.a. clippers); fired former head coach randy wittman
retained: g bradley beal (five years, $127 million); g marcus thornton (one year, $1.3 million)
the key man: f kelly oubre. the wizards believe their second-year forward is set for a major jump up next season, whether as a challenger to incumbent three otto porter or getting more minutes off the bench. washington desperately needs athletic bigs who can defend and help space the floor. oubre occasionally flashed last season, but he didn't earn more minutes under wittman. brooks is likely to give him more chances.
top 10 plays: washington wizards check out the washington wizards top 10 plays of the 2015-16 regular season.
the skinny: you can't plan for three years to go after durant and not even get a meeting. that's borderline criminal, and you can't get a high offseason grade when you aimed so high and accomplished so little. al horford would have been a strong plan b, but he opted for boston, so the wizards scrambled to rebuild their bench, which was inconsistent and uninspired last season, instead. (having multiple vets on one-year contracts was not a cavalier idea.) porter is a solid starter, but of course, you expect more than "solid" from the third pick in the 2013 draft. with john wall coming off of offseason surgery on both knees, and with beal's struggles to stay healthy for a full campaign, it's hard to see the wizards doing much more than the .500 they posted last year.
27. toronto raptors
2015-16 record: 56-26, lost eastern conference finals
added: f jared sullinger (one year, $5.6 million); f/c jakob poeltl (first round, ninth pick overall); f pascal siakam (first round, 27th pick overall)
lost: c bismack biyombo (signed with orlando); f luis scola (signed with brooklyn); f anthony bennett (signed with brooklyn); f james johnson (signed with miami)
retained: g demar derozan (five years, $137.5 million)
the key man: g kyle lowry. he was the catalyst for the raptors' renaissance last year, and will be so again. he and derozan's chemistry and leadership gives the raptors a chance every night, and at 30, with one more shot at a big deal on his racket after next year, it's not likely you'll see much slippage from lowry next season.
the skinny: please do not send me mail, toronto types, telling me i hate your franchise and hate canada. i don't, and i don't. the raptors are already a good team, as their run to the conference finals showed. again: this list judges offseason moves, and other than taking a flier on sullinger, the raptors didn't do very much, other than signing derozan long-term. that was big, but not enough for a team that couldn't match the cavs in the conference finals. and losing biyombo, who was incredible productive against cleveland specifically in the postseason, will hurt. it puts more heat on jonas valanciunas to make a difference every night. sullinger could be a sneaky good pickup, though, if -- if -- he is in shape.
28. new orleans pelicans
2015-16 record: 30-52, did not make playoffs
added: f solomon hill (four years, $48 million); g e'twaun moore (four years, $34 million); f terrence jones (one year, $1.1 million); g langston galloway (two years, $10.7 million); g buddy hield (first round, sixth pick overall); f cheick diallo (draft rights acquired from l.a. clippers)
lost: f ryan anderson (signed with houston); g eric gordon (signed with houston); f james ennis (signed with memphis); f luke babbitt (traded to miami)
retained: g tim frazier (two years, $4.1 million); g alonzo gee (one year, $1.4 million)
top 10 plays: new orleans pelicans check out the new orleans pelicans top 10 plays of the 2015-16 regular season.
the skinny: hill had a very good season for the pacers and a lot of teams were interested in him, but is he ready for a second crack as a starter after taking over for the injured paul george in indiana for most of the 2014-15 season? the pelicans are betting he is. hield will step in right away and provide all-star anthony davis with some air cover and the oklahoma rookie will be loved down in nawlins. not sure the pelicans made a huge improvement to their roster, though galloway did some good things in new york. jones could potentially be a stretch four but that same potential was short-circuited in houston by injuries.
29. miami heat
2015-16 record: 48-34, lost in eastern conference semifinals
added: g dion waiters (two years, $5.9 million); f derrick williams (one year, $5 million); f james johnson (one year, $4 million); g wayne ellington (two years, $12.5 million); c willie reed (two years, $2.1 million); f luke babbitt (acquired from new orleans)
lost: g dwyane wade (signed with chicago); g joe johnson (signed with utah); f luol deng (signed with l.a. lakers); f amar'e stoudemire (retired); f gerald green (signed with boston)
retained: c hassan whiteside (four years, $98 million); g tyler johnson (matched brooklyn offer sheet (four years, $50 million); f/c udonis haslem (one year, $4 million)
the key man: f chris bosh. unless and until the heat gets its all-star power forward back, everything else is window dressing. his uncertain status returning from blood clots in 2015 and an unspecified ailment this past season has put the franchise on hold. a healthy bosh and whiteside could hold down the fort; without him, the heat just has too many holes, especially on offense, where bosh's diversified game made so many other things possible.
the skinny: pride goes beforeth the fall. if they had a do-over, heat president pat riley and wade may have been able to work something out, so that wade would finish his career in miami. but they don't. there is an argument to be made that it may have been worth it in the long run to let wade walk, leaving miami with lots of cap space in the summer of 2017. the problem is that teams know the heat and other teams will have cap space next year, and they're using their own cap space this summer to take marquee names off the market like russell westbrook. so for now, miami has to hope that whiteside will be motivated rather than muted by his big payday, and that waiters can step in and provide scoring and a little defense. the guess here is that the heat would prefer not to have to depend on a justise winslow or a josh richardson for max minutes and shots, though winslow is certainly capable of doing more. but losing your franchise's iconic player is a knee buckler -- to fans and to players -- and it's going to take a minute for everyone on south beach to gather their thoughts and catch their breath.
30. brooklyn nets
2015-16 record: 21-61, did not make playoffs
added: g jeremy lin (three years, $36 million); f trevor booker (three years, $18.3 million); f luis scola (one year, $5.5 million); g greivis vasquez (one year, $4.3 million); g randy foye (one year, $2.5 million); f anthony bennett (two years, $2.1 million); c justin hamilton (two years, $6 million); g caris levert (draft rights acquired from indiana); g isaiah whitehead (draft rights acquired from utah); hired head coach ken atkinson
lost: f thaddeus young (traded to indiana); g wayne ellington (signed with miami); g jarrett jack (signed with atlanta); f/c willie reed (signed with miami); did not retain interim head coach tony brown
retained: none
the key man: gm sean marks. he's quickly trying to establish a player development/deep culture dive that is a trademark of all former san antonio people, just as mike budenholzer did in atlanta -- which explains in part why marks raided atlanta for atkinson, who was budenholzer's assistant for the hawks. like the spurs, marks is looking at unconventional ideas, like hiring natalie jay, a former judicial law clerk for the u.s. court of appeals for the eighth circuit, as the team's capologist.
sean marks interview nets general manager sean marks sits down with steve smith and kevin calabro to talk brooklyn basketball.
the skinny: the nets tried to hijack a couple of restricted free agents, with the expected results, as miami matched brooklyn's offer sheet for guard tyler johnson, and portland matched the nets' sheet for allen crabbe. so it's back to the drawing board for brooklyn, which can still go through center brook lopez for stretches. problem is there aren't a whole lot of backup options.
>> offseason grades: the middle 10 | offseason grades: the top 10
longtime nba reporter and columnist david aldridge is an analyst for tnt. you can e-mail him here and follow him on twitter.
the views on this page do not necessarily reflect the views of the nba, its clubs or turner broadcasting.
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ˈæpəl wɪl rɪˈpɔrtədli spɛnd əˈbaʊt 400 ˈmɪljən tɪ 600 ˈmɪljən tɪ rən pɑrts əv ɔn ˈgugəl klaʊd ˈplætˌfɔrm ɪn ə muv tɪ dɪˈvərsəˌfaɪ ɪts klaʊd ˈsərvɪsɪz əˈweɪ frəm ˈæməˌzɑn wɛb ˈsərvɪsɪz. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ˈæpəlz ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ lʊk ə lɔt laɪk ˈɛvəri ˈəðər ˈɛnərˌpraɪzɪz. wən ˈstɔriˌlaɪn hir ˈviə ɪz ðət klaʊd ˈbɪznɪs skɔrd ə ku. əv kɔrs, ɪt dɪd. ˈgugəl nidz lɑrʤ ˈɛnərˌpraɪz ˈkəstəmərz ðət kən bi ˈrɛfərənst., ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈæʒər ənd hæv ˈplɛnti əv ðɛm. ˈgugəl ˈɔlsoʊ haɪərd ˈfɔrmər ˈsiˌiˈoʊ daɪæn grin tɪ lɛd ɪts klaʊd ˈplætˌfɔrm ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ənd wu ˈkəstəmərz. naʊ ðə tɛk prɛs kən gɪt ˈkɛrid əˈweɪ wɪθ ðə ˈvərsəz. ˈgugəl ˈɛnərˌpraɪz klaʊd wɔr. hu kən rɪˈzɪst? ðə ˈvərsəz. ˈgugəl θrɛd ɪz ə tɛk spɔrts ˈstɔri fər ʃʊr. bət ɪts nɑt ˈziroʊ səm. lɛts ˌriˈpleɪs ˈæpəl wɪθ ˈɛni ˈəðər lɑrʤ ˈɛnərˌpraɪz laɪk 3m*. ðə dɪˌvərsəfəˈkeɪʃən muv ˈbɛrli ˈwɔrənts ə ˈmɛnʃən. waɪ? ˈɛvəri ˈɛnərˌpraɪz wɪl hæv ˈməltəpəl klaʊd ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ˈvɛndərz ɛz wɛl ɛz ɪts oʊn ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər. æt 10 ə lʊk æt haʊ ˈæməˌzɑn riˈvæmpt ðə ˈɛnərˌpraɪz klaʊd kəmˈpjutɪŋ ˈpɛkɪŋ ˈɔrdər tɪ win ɔf əv, aɪz ˈhaɪbrɪd əˈproʊʧ, ɪts oʊn ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər klaʊd kəmˈpjutɪŋ goʊz ˈhaɪbrɪd ɛz ðə nɔrm:,, ˈæʒər duk ɪt aʊt ˈæpəl ɪz ə ˈhaɪbrɪd klaʊd ˈpoʊstər bɔɪ. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz spɛnt ˈbɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz ɔn ɪts oʊn ˈdætə ˈsɛnərz tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈsərvɪsɪz. pɑrt əv ðət klaʊd ˈfʊtˌprɪnt ræn ɔn. səm roʊd ɔn ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈæʒər tu. naʊ ˈgugəl klaʊd ˈplætˌfɔrm wɪl gɪt ə ʧəŋk. meɪ gɪt ə pis tu. wət ˈæpəl ɪz ˈəltəmətli goʊɪŋ fər ɪz ən kɔst ɑptɪmɪˈzeɪʃən ˈstrætəʤi wɛr ɪt kən ˈtɑgəl bɪtˈwin klaʊd prəˈvaɪdərz. rɛst əˈʃʊrd, ˈgugəl geɪv ˈæpəl ə swit dil tɪ hæv ɛz ə ˈrɛfərəns ˈkəstəmər. ˈgugəl ənd ˈæpəl ər streɪnʤ ˈbɛdˌfɛloʊz, bət ɪz ɪt ˈɛni wərs ðən kəmˈplitli ˈrənɪŋ ɔn wɪn ˈæməˌzɑn həz ə ˈstrimɪŋ ˈvɪdioʊ ˈsərvɪs tu? noʊp. æd ɪt əp ənd ɪt maɪt bi waɪz tɪ kip ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ɛz ə ˈsərvɪs ɪn pərˈspɛktɪv. ðə rɑ kəmˈpjut geɪm ɪz ənd ðə ril wɪn wɪl bi ˈmuvɪŋ ˈkəstəmərz əp ðə stæk. wɪl ˈsəfər ɪf ˈæpəl brɪŋz ˈgugəl ɔn fər kəmˈpjut ənd ˈstɔrɪʤ? ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt. kən wɪn ɪf ˈæpəl ˈjuzɪz mɔr əv ðə ˈkəmpəniz bɪg ˈdætə, ˈdætəˌbeɪs ənd ˌænəˈlɪtɪks ˈsərvɪsɪz waɪl ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˈgugəl ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ˈɔnˌlaɪn? ju bɛt. ɪts kwaɪt ˈpɑsəbəl ˈæpəl ənd kən ˈkæpʧər mɔr ˈrɛvəˌnu ʤɪst bɪˈkəz ðə klaʊd dɪˈmænd paɪ groʊz.
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apple will reportedly spend about $400 million to $600 million to run parts of icloud on google cloud platform in a move to diversify its cloud services away from amazon web services.
in other words, apple's infrastructure is going to look a lot like every other enterprise's.
one storyline here via crn is that google's cloud business scored a coup. of course, it did. google needs large enterprise customers that can be referenced. aws, microsoft azure and ibm have plenty of them. google also hired former vmware ceo dianne greene to lead its cloud platform operations and woo customers.
now the tech press can get carried away with the aws vs. google enterprise cloud war. who can resist? the aws vs. google thread is a tech sports story for sure.
but it's not zero sum. let's replace apple with any other large enterprise like 3m. the diversification move barely warrants a mention. why? every enterprise will have multiple cloud infrastructure vendors as well as its own infrastructure.
aws at 10: a look at how amazon revamped the enterprise cloud computing pecking order | dropbox to wean off of aws, eyes hybrid approach, its own infrastructure | cloud computing goes hybrid as the norm: aws, vmware, azure duke it out
apple is a hybrid cloud poster boy. the company has spent billions of dollars on its own data centers to provide icloud services. part of that cloud footprint ran on aws. some rode on microsoft azure too. now google cloud platform will get a chunk. ibm's softlayer may get a piece too.
what apple is ultimately going for is an cost optimization strategy where it can toggle between cloud providers. rest assured, google gave apple a sweet deal to have icloud as a reference customer. google and apple are strange bedfellows, but is it any worse than netflix completely running on aws when amazon has a streaming video service too? nope.
add it up and it might be wise to keep infrastructure as a service in perspective. the raw compute game is commoditized and the real win will be moving customers up the stack. will aws suffer if apple brings google on for compute and storage? probably not. can aws win if apple uses more of the company's big data, database and analytics services while bringing google infrastructure online? you bet. it's quite possible apple diversifies and aws can capture more revenue just because the cloud demand pie grows.
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wən əv ðə ˈfoʊkəl pɔɪnts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪnəl deɪz əv ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ˈsɛʃən ɪz, æt ə ˈkæʒəwəl glæns, əˈnɪntrəstɪŋ ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈkaʊntiz ən ˈɛkstrə tu jɪrz tɪ ˈəpˌdeɪt suər mæps ðət wər səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi dən ɪn 2009 lʊk ˈdipər, ðoʊ, ənd wət faɪnd ɪz ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈflæʃˌpɔɪnt ɪn nu ˈɛndləs ˈbætəl ˈoʊvər sprɔl. fər ðə bɪˈligərd kənˈstrəkʃən ˈɪndəstri, suərz ər ki. wɛr suərz ər bɪlt, ˈhaʊsɪz, ˈkɑndoʊz ənd ˈʃɑpɪŋ mɔlz ər ʃʊr tɪ ˈfɑloʊ. noʊ suərz, noʊ kənˈstrəkʃən. ɪn 2008 ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl prəˈtɛkʃən ˈɪʃud ðə ˈwɔtər kˈwɑləti ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈplænɪŋ rul, riˈmuvɪŋ səm ˈeɪkərz əv ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəli ˈsɛnsɪtɪv lænd frəm nu suər plænz. ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl grups seɪ ðoʊz ˈeɪkərz ər ˈkrɪtɪkəl tɪ ə klin ˈwɔtər səˈplaɪ. ˈbɪldərz, hu ər ˈpʊʃɪŋ ðə bɪl (ˈskɛʤʊld fər ə voʊt təˈmɑˌroʊ), seɪ ðɛr ɪz rum fər dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɔn ðət lænd ənd ðə ʤɑbz ɪt wʊd kriˈeɪt. ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz məst ʃɛlv ðɪs bɪl. ə wʊlf ɪn ˈkloʊðɪŋ ðət ˈprɑməsəz ˈoʊnli ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ʤɑbz waɪl ˈpoʊzɪŋ ə ˈkrɛdəbəl θrɛt tɪ klin ˈwɔtər. ˈfreɪmɪŋ ðə dəˈbeɪt pəˈzɪʃənz ɔn fər: dɪˈvɛləpərz ənd ˈəðər ˈbɪznɪs grups seɪ ðə bɪl prəˈtɛkts ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ kənˈstrəkʃən ˈprɑʤɛkts ənd kʊd lɛd tɪ ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz ɪn nu ˈbɪznɪs ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz. ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈbaɪprɑdəkt, ðeɪ seɪ, ɪz bæŋk fɪˈnænsɪŋ ðət wɪl kəm wɪθ ðə ˈsərtənti ðət ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ suər mæps wɪl steɪ ɪn pleɪs fər ən əˈdɪʃənəl tu jɪrz. əˈgɛnst: ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl grups seɪ dɪˈvɛləpərz wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ wɪn dɛp əˈpruvəl əv nu ˈprɑʤɛkts ɔn ˈsɛnsɪtɪv lændz ðət wɪl ðɛn bi ˈgrænˌfɑðərd bɪɔnd ðə ɪkˈstɛnʃən sɔt ɪn ðɪs bɪl. dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ðiz ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəli ˈsɛnsɪtɪv ˈɛriəz wɪl æd ˈmɪljənz əv paʊnz əv nu pəˈluʃən tɪ nu ˈʤərzi ˈwɔtərˌweɪz ˈɛvəri jɪr. ðə: ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt, wɪʧ geɪv nu ˈʤərzi ˈmɪljən tɪ ˈəpˌdeɪt ɪts suər ˈplænɪŋ mæps ˈæftər 2008 əˈgriz ðə bɪl wʊd lɛd tɪ mɔr ˈwɔtər pəˈluʃən ənd kənˈdɛmz ə prəˈvɪʒən əv ðə bɪl ðət wʊd əˈlaʊ suər ɪkˈstɛnʃənz ˈɪntu ˌəndɪˈvɛləpt lænd wɪˈθaʊt kənˈsɪdərɪŋ haʊ məʧ ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ suɪʤ ˈtritmənt plænts kʊd ˈhændəl. ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz ˌɪnˈsɪst ðə ˈɛkstrə tu jɪrz gɪv nu ˈʤərzi taɪm tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ɪts suər mæps ər drɔn kərˈɛktli ðət ˈkɑrənt ˈprɑʤɛkts ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd ənd ʤɑbz ər prəˈtɛktɪd. ðeɪ seɪ ðə bɪl ɪz ə ˈmɛʒər əv hɛlp θru ə təf ɪˈkɑnəmi. ɛnˈvaɪrənˌmɛnəlɪsts kɔl ðə bɪl dɪˈstrəktɪv ənd ˈdeɪnʤərəs ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈsælvoʊ ɪn ə əˈsɔlt ɔn ˈdɛkeɪdz əv ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl lɔz. leɪt læst wik, ðə juz. ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl prəˈtɛkʃən ˈeɪʤənsi ˈsɪgnəld ɪts ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə bɪl, əˈspɛʃəli ə prəˈvɪʒən əˈlaʊɪŋ suər ɪkˈstɛnʃənz ˈɪntu ˌəndɪˈvɛləpt lænd wɪˈθaʊt kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈwɛðər ˈtritmənt plænts kʊd ˈhændəl ðɛm. ðə sɛd ðət ˈsɛkʃən ˈkɑmən sense”*” ənd kʊd ˈvaɪəleɪt ðə klin ˈwɔtər ækt. kənˈstrəkʃən ʤɑbz ɪf ðeɪ wər tɪ ˈɛvər məˈtɪriəˌlaɪz ər ə ˈwəˌtaɪm, ˌʃɔrtˈtərm ˈbɛnəfɪt. ˈlɔŋˈtərm, ˈbɪldɪŋ ɔn ðiz ˈeɪkərz wɪl kɔst ˈtækˌspeɪərz ˈbɪljənz mɔr fər ˈwɔtər ˈtritmənt. ˈhaʊsɪz, roʊdz ənd ˈʃɑpɪŋ ˈsɛnərz ər ˈsɔrsəz əv pəˈluʃən, waɪl ðə kənˈstrəkʃən ˌɪtˈsɛlf dɪˈstrɔɪz ðə ˈnæʧərəl ˈbɛnəfɪts ðət ðə ˌəndɪˈvɛləpt lænd hæd prəˈvaɪdɪd. ɛnˈvaɪrənˌmɛnəlɪsts ər ˈraɪtli səˈspɪʃəs əv ðɪs bɪl. ˈərliər dræfts kənˈteɪnd ˈlæŋgwɪʤ aɪˈdɛntɪkəl tɪ ðə ˈkrɪsti prəˈpoʊzd rule,”*,” ə ˈpɛndɪŋ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən tɪ gɪv ðə dɛp ðə paʊər tɪ ˌɪgˈnɔr ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl lɔz ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ fɪr ðət ðə ““extension”*” baɪz taɪm fər ˈkrɪsti tɪ ənˈdu ðə 2008 rulz ðət sɛt ðə nu suər mæps ɪn ˈmoʊʃən. ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ðə ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈvælju ɪt ˈpleɪsɪz ɔn klin ˈwɔtər wɪn ɪt pæst ðə ˈlændˌmɑrk ˈhaɪləndz ækt ɪn 2005 poʊlz ʃoʊ nu ˈʤərzi ˈvoʊtərz ˈvælju klin ˈwɔtər əˈbəv ɔl ˈəðər ˈɪʃuz. baɪ rɪˈʤɛktɪŋ ðɪs bɪl, ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz wɪl əˈphoʊld ðoʊz ˈvæljuz ənd seɪv ˈbɪljənz ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs.
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one of the focal points during the final days of the legislative session is, at a casual glance, uninteresting giving counties an extra two years to update sewer maps that were supposed to be done in 2009.
look deeper, though, and what you’d find is the latest flashpoint in new jersey’s endless battle over sprawl. for the beleaguered construction industry, sewers are key. where sewers are built, houses, condos and shopping malls are sure to follow. no sewers, no construction.
in 2008, the state department of environmental protection issued the water quality management planning rule, removing some 300,000 acres of environmentally sensitive land from new jersey’s sewer plans. environmental groups say those acres are critical to a clean water supply. builders, who are pushing the bill (scheduled for a vote tomorrow), say there is room for development on that land and the jobs it would create.
lawmakers must shelve this bill. a wolf in sheep’s clothing that promises only the possibility of jobs while posing a credible threat to clean water.
framing the debate positions on a4335/s3156 for: developers and other business groups say the bill protects ongoing construction projects and could lead to millions of dollars in new business over the next several years. an important byproduct, they say, is bank financing that will come with the certainty that existing sewer maps will stay in place for an additional two years. against: environmental groups say developers will be able to win dep approval of new projects on sensitive lands that will then be grandfathered beyond the two-year extension sought in this bill. developing these environmentally sensitive areas will add millions of pounds of new pollution to new jersey waterways every year. the epa: the federal government, which gave new jersey $1.6 million to update its sewer planning maps after 2008, agrees the bill would lead to more water pollution and condemns a provision of the bill that would allow sewer extensions into undeveloped land without considering how much existing sewage treatment plants could handle. the star-ledger
developers insist the extra two years give new jersey time to make sure its sewer maps are drawn correctly that current projects compromised and jobs are protected. they say the bill is a measure of help through a tough economy. environmentalists call the bill destructive and dangerous the latest salvo in a multipronged assault on decades of hard-won environmental laws.
late last week, the u.s. environmental protection agency signaled its opposition to the bill, especially a provision allowing sewer extensions into undeveloped land without considering whether treatment plants could handle them. the epa said that section “defies common sense” and could violate the clean water act.
construction jobs if they were to ever materialize are a one-time, short-term benefit. long-term, building on these 300,000 acres will cost taxpayers billions more for water treatment. houses, roads and shopping centers are sources of pollution, while the construction itself destroys the natural water-cleaning benefits that the undeveloped land had provided.
environmentalists are rightly suspicious of this bill. earlier drafts contained language identical to the christie administration’s proposed “waiver rule,” a pending regulation to give the dep the power to ignore environmental laws in favor of development. they also fear that the two-year “extension” buys time for christie to undo the 2008 rules that set the new sewer maps in motion.
the legislature demonstrated the extraordinary value it places on clean water when it passed the landmark highlands act in 2005. polls show new jersey voters value clean water above all other issues. by rejecting this bill, lawmakers will uphold those values and save billions in the process.
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naacp* fər victory”*” ɪn ˈdiˌtrɔɪt, 1944 (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈlaɪbrɛˌri əv ˈkɑŋgrəs) ˈlɪˌbərəlz, nɑt kənˈsərvətɪvz, hu roʊˈmæntəˌsaɪz ðə pæst. æt ðə 2012 ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈnæʃənəl kənˈvɛnʃən, lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs meɪər ænˈtoʊnioʊ sɛd ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈplætˌfɔrm laɪk ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm əv ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ jɪr ˈdeɪvɪd brʊks roʊt: kən dɪˈfaɪn wət kaɪnd əv kənˈsərvətɪv ə ˈpərsən ɪz baɪ wət jɪr ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ goʊ bæk to.”*.” ðə kleɪm ðət kənˈsərvətɪvz wɔnt tɪ teɪk ðə ˈkəntri bæk tɪ səm ˈbaɪˌgɔn ˈɪrə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈtɔkɪŋ pɔɪnts ɔn moʊst pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈkəlʧərəl ˈɪʃuz, ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ðoʊz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ reɪs, ˈwɪmən, ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˈleɪbər, ənd geɪ raɪts. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt bət ðə weɪ ˈlɪˌbərəlz tɔk əˈbaʊt ðiz ˈɪʃuz ʃoʊz ðət ɪt ɪz ðeɪ, nɑt kənˈsərvətɪvz, hu ər nɔˈstælʤɪk fər ðə pæst. ˈmɛni ˈlɪˌbərəlz sim tɪ paɪn fər ðə deɪz wɪn ðeɪ hæd ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ənd ˈklɪrˌkət ˌɪnˈʤəstəsɪz tɪ faɪt frəm ˌɪnhjuˈmeɪn ˈwərkɪŋ kənˈdɪʃənz tɪ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəˌlaɪzd dɪˌskrɪməˈneɪʃən əˈgɛnst ˈwɪmən ənd məˈnɔrətiz. ˈmuvmənt wɑz ə ˈmɔrəl rɪˈspɑns tɪ ən ɑˈbʤɛktɪvli ˈivəl ˈsɪstəm wən ɪn wɪʧ blæk əˈmɛrɪkənz wər ˈæŋkərd tɪ ðə ˈbɑtəm əv wət hɪˈstɔriən ˈteɪlər brænʧ kɔld ə kæst system.”*.” ɪt wɑz ə taɪm wɪn ˈreɪsɪst ˈvaɪələns wɑz ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd, wɪn ˈʤʊriz rɪfˈjuzd tɪ ˈkɑnvɪkt ˈreɪsɪst ˈkɪlərz, wɪn blæks wər θˈrɛtənd ənd ˈivɪn ˈmərdərd fər ˈrɛʤɪstərɪŋ tɪ voʊt, ənd wɪn ðɛr wər ˈligəl ənd rɪˈlɪʤəs ˌproʊəˈbɪʃənz əˈgɛnst ˌɪntərˈmɛrɪʤ. waɪl ˈreɪˌsɪzəm ənd ˈreɪʃəl ˈprɛʤədɪs ər nɑt ə θɪŋ əv ðə pæst, ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəˌlaɪzd ˈreɪˌsɪzəm ˈlɑrʤli ɪz. jɛt ˈmɛni ɔn ðə lɛft sim ənˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðɪs fækt. waɪ, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, wi si ðə ˈblədi ˈstrəgəlz əv ðə ˈɪrə ˌɪnˈvoʊkt ɪn dəˈbeɪts ˈoʊvər lɔz rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈvoʊtərz tɪ dɪˈspleɪ ˈfoʊˌtoʊ aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən æt ðə poʊlz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈsɛvərəl steɪts hæv pæst lɔz ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz. ðə lɛft sɪz ðeɪ ər ˈreɪsɪst bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ˌdɪsprəˈpɔrʃənətli əˈfɛkt ˈreɪʃəl məˈnɔrətiz, hu ər əˈməŋ ðoʊz list ˈlaɪkli tɪ hæv ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ˈaɪˈdiz. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɛnʤəmən ˈʤɛləs kəmˈpɛrd ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ lɔz tɪ ðə faɪt weɪʤd ˈdʊrɪŋ ənd mɑntˈgəmri times.”*.” ənd ˈæftər vərˈʤɪnjə rɪˈpəblɪkənz klɛnzd ðɛr ˈvoʊtər roʊlz əv ˌɪˈnɛlɪʤəbəl ˈvoʊtərz læst noʊˈvɛmbər, ən ˈkɑmənˌteɪtər kɔld ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpɑrti ðə ɛr tɪ ðə ʤɪm kroʊ legacy.”*.” səʧ kəmˈpɛrəsənz ər əbˈsərd. ðə səˈprim kɔrt həz əˈphɛld lɔz ɛz ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl, ənd ðeɪ ər səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ məˈʤɔrɪtiz əv əˈmɛrɪkənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ moʊst blæks ənd hɪˈspænɪks. wɪn roʊd ˈaɪlənd əˈdɑptəd ə lɔ ɪn 2011 ɪt wɑz pæst baɪ ə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪʧər ðət wɑz 85 pərˈsɛnt ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ənd ˈspɑnsərd baɪ ə blæk ˈdɛməˌkræt ɪn boʊθ ˈhaʊsɪz. ˈlæŋgwɪʤ sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈɪʃuz kən bi ʤɪst ɛz ˌhaɪpərˈbɑlɪk. ðə goʊl əv ðə ˈmuvmənt wɑz tɪ sɪˈkjʊr fər ˈwɪmən pəˈlɪtɪkəl, ˈligəl, ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ɪkˈwɑləti wɪθ mɛn æt ə taɪm wɪn ðeɪ hæd fju raɪts ənd ˈmɛrid ˈwɪmən wər ˈifɛktɪvli ðɛr ˈprɑpərti. ɪt ɪz aɪˈrɑnɪk, ðɛn, ðət ˈlɪˌbərəlz hæv əˈdɑptəd ðə ɔn women”*” freɪz æt ɪgˈzæktli ðə pɔɪnt wɪn ˈwɪmən ər əˈproʊʧɪŋ ˈpɛrəti wɪθ mɛn (ənd ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz sərˈpæsɪŋ ðɛm). ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈæktɪvɪsts ˈfaɪtɪŋ fər ˈvoʊtɪŋ raɪts ər ðə raɪt tɪ oʊn ˈprɑpərti, bət fər ðə raɪt tɪ ˈsɛkʃuəl ɪkˈsprɛʃən θru ðə koʊəˈrsɪv juz əv steɪt paʊər. ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv ə rɪˈpəblɪkən ɔn women”*” rɪŋ ˈhɑloʊ wɪn ðə ʃɛr əv ˈwɪmən ðət səˈpɔrts ˈligəl əˈbɔrʃən ɪz noʊ haɪər ðən ðə ʃɛr ðət əˈpoʊzɪz ɪt. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt tɪ bi ə ˈsɛnʧəri əˈgoʊ mɛnt ˈfaɪtɪŋ tɪ pæs ðə ˈnaɪnˈtinθ əˈmɛndmənt, ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ ðə ˈfrænˌʧaɪz tɪ ˈwɪmən. tɪ bi ““pro-woman”*” təˈdeɪ minz suɪŋ ˈkæθlɪk rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈɔrdərz fər rɪfˈjuzɪŋ tɪ prəˈvaɪd fri ˌkɑntrəˈsɛptɪvz tɪ ðɛr ɪmˈplɔɪiz. #peɪʤ# ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˈleɪbər ɪz əˈnəðər ˈmuvmənt ðət həz ˈlɑrʤli ˌaʊˈtlɪvd ɪts ərˈɪʤənəl ˈrizən fər biɪŋ. ˈjunjənz wəns pleɪd ə ˈmeɪʤər ənd ˈpɑzətɪv roʊl ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə baɪ ˈʃaɪnɪŋ ə ˈspɑˌtlaɪt ɔn ˈɛkˌsplɔɪtəd ˈwərkərz. fɔrmd ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˌrɛvəˈluʃən, ˈjunjənz fɔt tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ˈwərkɪŋ kənˈdɪʃənz, ɪˈstæblɪʃt ˈjunəˌfɔrm weɪʤ skeɪlz ənd wərk aʊərz, ənd ˈɛndɪd ˌɪnˈdɛnʧərd ˈsərvəˌtud ənd wət əˈmaʊnɪd tɪ ʧaɪld sˈleɪvəri. sɪns ðə mɪd ˈsɛnʧəri, ðoʊ, ˈjunjənz hæv ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈstɛdi dɪˈklaɪnz ɪn ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ənd ˈreɪtɪŋz. ˈleɪbər ˈjunjənz hæv weɪnd bɪˈkəz ðeɪ bɪˈkeɪm kərəpt, ˌəndɛməˈkrætɪk, ənd oʊˈvərtli ˈpɑrtəzən, ənd bɪˈkəz ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈprɑbləmz ðeɪ wər kriˈeɪtɪd tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs wər əˈmiljərˌeɪtɪd ər kərˈɛktɪd ˌɔltəˈgɛðər. ˈmeɪʤər ˈjunjən ˈbætəlz ər fɔt ˈoʊvər ˈmændəˌtɔri ˌjunjənəˈzeɪʃən rɪkˈwaɪrmənts, kəmˈpəlsəri kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈjunjən duz, ənd ˈwɛðər ˈjunjən ˈmɛmbərz ʃʊd bi rikˈwaɪərd tɪ peɪ ˈɪntu ðɛr ˈpɛnʃənz, ɛz moʊst nɑnˈjunjən ɪmˈplɔɪiz du. ˌwəˈtɛvər wən θɪŋks əv ðiz dəˈbeɪts, ðeɪ ˈnɪrli ɛz ˈmɔrəli kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ɛz, seɪ, ˈfaɪtɪŋ tɪ prəˈtɛkt frəm biɪŋ fɔrst tɪ wərk ɪn koʊl maɪnz fər 14 aʊərz ə deɪ. fər ˈmɛni ɔn ðə lɛft, geɪ raɪts həz bɪˈkəm, ɛz əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ˈɛrɪk ˈhoʊldər ˈleɪbəlz ɪt, dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ˈʧælənʤ əv ɑr time.”*.” bət ˈivɪn ˈædvəˌkeɪts ʃʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ kənˈsid ðət biɪŋ prɪˈvɛnɪd frəm ˈmɛriɪŋ jʊr ˌseɪmˈsɛks ˈpɑrtnər, ər ˈhævɪŋ tɪ səˈlɛkt əˈnəðər ˈwɛdɪŋ fəˈtɑgrəfər bɪˈkəz jʊr fərst ʧɔɪs həz rɪˈlɪʤəs əˈbʤɛkʃənz tɪ ˈteɪkɪŋ jʊr ˈfoʊˌtoʊz, ɪz ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈmɔrəl ˈjunəˌvərs frəm ðə rəˈʒim əv ˈpəblɪk ˈlɪnʧɪŋz, ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk ˈvaɪələns, ənd ˌsɛgrəˈgeɪʃən ðət dɪˈfaɪnd ʤɪm kroʊ. ˈtɛlɪŋli, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wən poʊl, blæks ˈriʤɛkt baɪ ə ˈmɑrʤən ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət geɪ raɪts ər ˈkɑmprəbəl tɪ ðə ˈstrəgəlz əv ðə ənd 1960s*. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt məʧ əv ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl əˈʤɛndə dɪˈpɛndz ɔn kənˈvɪnsɪŋ ðə ˈpəblɪk ðət pəˈlɪtɪkəl dəˈbeɪts ər ʤɪst ɛz ˈərʤənt ənd proʊˈfaʊnd ɛz ðə ˈstrəgəlz əv ˈpriviəs ˈɪrəz. bət moʊst əv ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈbætəlz ˈsɪmpli du nɑt kəmˈpɛr tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈʤəstəsɪz əˈmɛrɪkənz fɔt əˈgɛnst ɪn ðə pæst. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt wɪn ˈlɪˌbərəlz ɪkˈweɪt pəˈlɪtɪkəl faɪts tɪ yesterday’s*, ɪt dɪˈmɪnɪʃɪz ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ðət hæv əˈkərd ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ dɪz ən ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs tɪ ðə ˈmɛməri ənd ˈminɪŋ əv ðə ˈhɪroʊz ənd ˈmuvmənts ðət ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ðoʊz ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈgɛri baʊər ɪz ˈprɛzɪdənt əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈvæljuz, wɛr ˈdænjəl ɪz ˈsinjər ˈraɪtər.
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naacp “parade for victory” in detroit, 1944 (photo: library of congress)
it’s liberals, not conservatives, who romanticize the past.
at the 2012 democratic national convention, los angeles mayor antonio villaraigosa said the republican platform “looks like the platform of 1812.” the following year david brooks wrote: “you can define what kind of conservative a person is by what year they want to go back to.”
the claim that conservatives want to take the country back to some bygone era undergirds liberal talking points on most political and cultural issues, particularly those related to race, women, organized labor, and gay rights.
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but the way liberals talk about these issues shows that it is they, not conservatives, who are nostalgic for the past. many liberals seem to pine for the days when they had genuine and clear-cut injustices to fight — from inhumane working conditions to institutionalized discrimination against women and minorities.
#ad#the civil-rights movement was a moral response to an objectively evil system — one in which black americans were anchored to the bottom of what civil-rights historian taylor branch called a “formalized caste system.” it was a time when racist violence was widespread, when juries refused to convict racist killers, when blacks were threatened and even murdered for registering to vote, and when there were legal and religious prohibitions against intermarriage.
while racism and racial prejudice are not a thing of the past, institutionalized racism largely is. yet many on the left seem unwilling to accept this fact. that’s why, for example, we see the bloody struggles of the civil-rights era invoked in debates over laws requiring voters to display photo identification at the polls.
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several states have passed voter-id laws in recent years. the left says they are racist because they disproportionately affect racial minorities, who are among those least likely to have photo ids. naacp president benjamin jealous compared opposition to voter-id laws to the fight waged during “selma and montgomery times.” and after virginia republicans cleansed their state’s voter rolls of ineligible voters last november, an msnbc commentator called the republican party the “rightful heir to the jim crow legacy.”
such comparisons are absurd. the supreme court has upheld voter-id laws as constitutional, and they are supported by overwhelming majorities of americans, including most blacks and hispanics. when rhode island adopted a voter-id law in 2011, it was passed by a legislature that was 85 percent democratic and sponsored by a black democrat in both houses.
language surrounding women’s issues can be just as hyperbolic. the goal of the women’s-rights movement was to secure for women political, legal, and social equality with men at a time when they had few rights and married women were effectively their husband’s property. it is ironic, then, that liberals have adopted the “war on women” phrase at exactly the point when women are approaching parity with men (and in some cases surpassing them).
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today’s women’s-rights activists aren’t fighting for voting rights or the right to own property, but for the right to sexual expression through the coercive use of state power. charges of a republican “war on women” ring hollow when the share of women that supports legal abortion is no higher than the share that opposes it.
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to be pro-woman a century ago meant fighting to pass the nineteenth amendment, extending the franchise to women. to be “pro-woman” today means suing catholic religious orders for refusing to provide free contraceptives to their employees.
#page#
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organized labor is another movement that has largely outlived its original reason for being. unions once played a major and positive role in america by shining a spotlight on exploited workers. formed in response to the industrial revolution, unions fought to improve working conditions, established uniform wage scales and work hours, and ended indentured servitude and what amounted to child slavery.
since the mid 20th century, though, unions have experienced steady declines in membership and public-approval ratings. labor unions have waned because they became corrupt, undemocratic, and overtly partisan, and because many of the problems they were created to address were ameliorated or corrected altogether.
#ad#today’s major union battles are fought over mandatory unionization requirements, compulsory collection of union dues, and whether union members should be required to pay into their pensions, as most non-union employees do. whatever one thinks of these debates, they aren’t nearly as morally compelling as, say, fighting to protect five-year-olds from being forced to work in coal mines for 14 hours a day.
for many on the left, gay rights has become, as attorney general eric holder labels it, “a defining civil-rights challenge of our time.” but even same-sex-marriage advocates should be able to concede that being prevented from marrying your same-sex partner, or having to select another wedding photographer because your first choice has religious objections to taking your photos, is in a different moral universe from the regime of public lynchings, systematic violence, and segregation that defined jim crow. tellingly, according to one poll, blacks reject by a two-to-one margin the notion that gay rights are comparable to the civil-rights struggles of the 1950s and 1960s.
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much of the liberal agenda depends on convincing the public that today’s political debates are just as urgent and profound as the civil-rights struggles of previous eras. but most of the left’s current battles simply do not compare to the injustices americans fought against in the past.
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when liberals equate today’s political fights to yesterday’s, it diminishes the important changes that have occurred in america. it also does an injustice to the memory and meaning of the heroes and movements that generated those changes.
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— gary bauer is president of american values, where daniel allott is senior writer.
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ðə haʊs əv əˈgəstəs augusti*) wɑz ðə hoʊm əv fərst ˈɛmpərər ənd wɑz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɔn ðə moʊst ˈseɪkrɪd ˈɛriə əv ðə ˈpæləˌtaɪn nɛkst tɪ ðə ˈtɛmpəl əv əˈpɑloʊ. ɪn fækt, ðə haʊs məst hæv stʊd əˈbəv ðə lupercal*, ðə ˈseɪkrɪd keɪv wɛr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈlɛʤənd, ðə twɪn ˈfaʊndərz əv roʊm wər baɪ ðə she-wolf*. augustus’*’, kəmˈpraɪzɪŋ tu ˈlɛvəlz, sərvd ɛz hɪz ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈrɛzɪdəns ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz reɪn. dɪˈspaɪt ɪts ˈrɛlətɪvli smɔl saɪz, ðə haʊs əv əˈgəstəs ɪz ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd fər ɪts ˈlævɪʃ ˈfrɛskoʊz wɪʧ ræŋk əˈməŋ ðə bɛst ɪn ðə ˈroʊmən wərld. ðə ˈsɛkənd staɪl, ər style”*”, bɪˈgæn ɪn roʊm ɪn ðə ˈərli jɪrz əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri ənd ɪˈvɑlvd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə reɪn əv əˈgəstəs. ðɪs ˈpɪriəd sɔ ə ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˌɑrkəˈtɛkʧərəl ˈfiʧərz ənd ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃənz. əˈgəstəs ərˈɪʤənəli əbˈteɪnd ðə ˈprɑpərti frəm ðə ˈɔrətər hortensius*. hi ɪkˈspændɪd ðə leɪaʊt ˈæftər hɪz ˈvɪktəri æt actium*. səm əv ðə rumz kənˈteɪnɪŋ ðə moʊst spɛkˈtækjələr wɔl ˈpeɪnɪŋz ər noʊn baɪ ðɛr rɪˈkərɪŋ moʊˈtifs: ðə room”*” (rum 6 ðə əv ðə masks”*” (rum 5 ðə əv ðə pərˈspɛktɪv paintings”*” (rum 11 ðə fərst tu rumz wər dəˈmɛstɪk (ˈbɛˌdrumz). ðeɪ ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd ðə ˈwɛstərn ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə haʊs. ðə θərd rum, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ən ˈælə (wɪŋ) ˈflæŋkɪŋ ðə (əv wɪʧ ˈnəθɪŋ əv ɪts ˌdɛkərˈeɪʃən ɪz prɪˈzərvd), sərvd ə mɔr oʊˈvərtli ˈpəblɪk ˈfəŋkʃən ənd wɑz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd əraʊnd ðə ˈnɔrðərn ˈpɛrəˌstaɪl ˈkɔrˌtjɑrd. bət ðə moʊst rɪˈfaɪnd ənd ˈɛləgənt ˌdɛkərˈeɪʃən kən bi sin ɪn ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld study”*” (rum 15 wɪʧ həz noʊ ˈikwəl ˈɛniˌwɛr ɛls ɪn roʊm. ðə tʊr əv ðə bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ ðə tu ɪn ðə dəˈmɛstɪk ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə haʊs (rumz 6 ənd 5 ðə room”*” həz ə ˈsɪmpəl ˌɑrkəˈtɛkʧərəl skim wɪθ paɪn ˈoʊvər ðə tɔp əv wɪʧ ər wɪθ ˈdɔrɪk ˈkɑləmz. ðə əv ðə masks”*”, ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ʤɪst bɪˈhaɪnd ðə room”*” ənd sˈlaɪtli ˈlɑrʤər ɪn saɪz, ɪz wən əv ðə ˈfaɪnəst ɪn augustus’*’ haʊs. ɪt həz mɔr ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ˈpeɪnɪŋz ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈtræʤɪk ənd ˈkɑmɪk ˈθiətər mæsks. nɛkst tɪ ðə tu ɪz ə ˈsɪriz əv faɪv rumz əv ˈvɛriəs ˈsaɪzɪz əreɪnʤd əˈlɔŋ ðə nɔrθ saɪd əv ðə ˈwɛstərn kɔrt. ðə rumz ˌɪnˈklud tu ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz (ər ˈmeɪbi rumz tɪ dɪˈspleɪ ˈɑrtˌwərks), ənd ə (wɛr əˈgəstəs wʊd rɪˈsiv gɛsts) flæŋkt baɪ tu (wɪŋz) ɔn ˈiðər saɪd. wən əv ðə tu, dəbd əv ðə pərˈspɛktɪv paintings”*”, həz ˈfrɛskoʊz ɔn ɪts nɔrθ wɔl dɪˈpɪktɪŋ ə ˌɑrkəˈtɛkʧərəl fəˈsɑd ɪn blu, waɪt, ˈjɛloʊ ənd rɛd. ðə pæθ kənˈtɪnjuz wɪθ ðə ˈvɪzɪt əv ðə ˈistərn ˈsɛkʃən əv ðə haʊs, wɛr rumz ər prɪˈzərvd ɔn tu storeys*. ðə ˈəpər rum wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli ʤɔɪnd baɪ ə ˈkɔrɪdər ræmp (rum 12 ðə moʊst ˈstraɪkɪŋ ˈfiʧər əv ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld room”*” ɪz ðə ˈpeɪnɪd ˈvɔltɪŋ ɪn ˌɪməˈteɪʃən əv ril wɪʧ ɪz ˈdɛkərˌeɪtɪd wɪθ ə ˈpeɪnɪd ˈpætərn əv ənd skwɛr ˈkɔfərz kənˈteɪnɪŋ ˈroʊˈzɛts. ðə nɛkst rum ɪz ðə ˈsoʊˈkɔld oecus”*” (rum 13 wɪθ ˌɑrkəˈtɛkʧərəl wɔl ˈpeɪnɪŋz wɪθ fɔr ˈpɛdəstəlz fər ˈkɑləmz əv pɪrz səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ fɔr ˈkɑləmz). əˈməŋ ˈəðər ˈfəŋkʃənz, ðə rum sərvd ɛz ə səˈlɑn wɛr ɪˈlæbərˌeɪt ˈdɪnər ˈpɑrtiz wər steɪʤd. ðə ˈfaɪnəl rum, ə noʊn ɛz study”*”, wɛr ðə ˈɛmpərər juzd tɪ ˌriˈtaɪər wɪn hi dɪd nɑt wɔnt tɪ bi dɪˈstərbd. ɪt ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɔn ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl əv ðə haʊs. təˈdeɪ, ɪt ɪz ˈækˌsɛst baɪ ˈklaɪmɪŋ ə ˈmɑdərn stil ˈstɛrˌkeɪs ənd kən bi vjud baɪ ˈpirɪŋ θru ə prəˈtɛktɪv glæs. ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈdɛkrətɪv ˈɛləmənts wər ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ˈmɑdəlz, ˈtɪpɪkəl əv ðə ɑrt əv ðə ˈpɪriəd ˈæftər ðə ˈrisənt ˈkɑŋkwɛst əv ˈiʤɪpt. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈrisənt ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən wərk, ə ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ðə haʊs əv ˈlɪviə ənd əˈgəstəs kən naʊ bi bʊkt wɪθ ənd baɪ ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ðə nu s.u.p.e.r*. (ˈsɛvən juˈnik ˈpleɪsɪz tɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn roʊm) ˈtɪkɪt. pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ðə ˈɛkskwəzət ˈbjuti əv ðiz ˈfrɛskoʊz kʊd nɑt bi ˈpərfəktli ˈrɛndərd θru maɪ ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs du tɪ ðə ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl ˈlaɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə rumz ənd ðə prəˈtɛktɪv glæs. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ si mægˈnɪfɪsənt ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz əv ðə haɪəst kˈwɑləti, aɪ ˈstrɔŋli ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðət ju baɪ ðə mægˈnɪfəsəntli ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd bʊk haʊs əv əˈgəstəs: wɔl paintings”*”. ðə bʊk ˈfiʧərz ɔl ðə ˈwəndərfəl ˈfrɛskoʊ ˈsaɪkəlz ˈkəvərɪŋ ðə wɔlz, frəm ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə sˈmɔləst ˈditeɪl. ju kən baɪ ðə bʊk ɔn ər amazon.co.uk*.
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the house of augustus (domus augusti) was the home of rome’s first emperor and was located on the most sacred area of the palatine next to the temple of apollo. in fact, the house must have stood above the lupercal, the sacred cave where, according to legend, the twin founders of rome were suckled by the she-wolf. augustus’ domus, comprising two levels, served as his primary residence during his reign. despite its relatively small size, the house of augustus is celebrated for its lavish second-style pompeian frescoes which rank among the best in the roman world. the second pompeian style, or “architectural style”, began in rome in the early years of the 1st century bc and evolved during the reign of augustus. this period saw a focus on architectural features and trompe-l’oeil compositions.
augustus originally obtained the property from the orator quintus hortensius. he expanded the layout after his victory at actium. some of the rooms containing the most spectacular wall paintings are known by their recurring motifs: the “pine room” (room 6), the “room of the masks” (room 5), the “room of the perspective paintings” (room 11). the first two rooms were domestic cubiculae (bedrooms). they occupied the western section of the house. the third room, identified as an ala (wing) flanking the tablinum (of which nothing of its decoration is preserved), served a more overtly public function and was located around the northern peristyle courtyard. but the most refined and elegant decoration can be seen in the so-called “emperor’s study” (room 15) which has no equal anywhere else in rome.
the tour of the domus begins with the two cubiculae in the domestic section of the house (rooms 6 and 5). the “pine room” has a simple architectural scheme with pine festoons over the top of which are porticoes with doric columns. the “room of the masks”, located just behind the “pine room” and slightly larger in size, is one of the finest in augustus’ house. it has more elaborate perspectival second-style paintings incorporating tragic and comic theatre masks.
next to the two cubiculae is a series of five rooms of various sizes arranged along the north side of the western court. the rooms include two libraries (or maybe rooms to display artworks), and a tablinum (where augustus would receive guests) flanked by two alae (wings) on either side. one of the two alae, dubbed “room of the perspective paintings”, has vividly-coloured frescoes on its north wall depicting a two-storey architectural facade in blue, white, yellow and red.
the path continues with the visit of the eastern section of the house, where rooms are preserved on two storeys. the upper room was originally joined by a corridor ramp (room 12). the most striking feature of the so-called “ramp room” is the painted vaulting in imitation of real coffering which is decorated with a painted pattern of rhomboidal and square coffers containing rosettes.
the next room is the so-called “large oecus” (room 13) with architectural wall paintings with four pedestals for columns of piers (oecus tetrastilus – supported by four columns). among other functions, the room served as a salon where elaborate dinner parties were staged.
the final room, a cubiculum known as “the emperor’s study”, where the emperor used to retire when he did not want to be disturbed. it is located on the highest level of the house. today, it is accessed by climbing a modern steel staircase and can be viewed by peering through a protective glass. the exceptional decorative elements were inspired by egyptian-alexandrine models, typical of the art of the augustan period after the recent conquest of egypt.
following recent conservation work, a visit to the house of livia and augustus can now be booked with coopculture.it and by purchasing the new s.u.p.e.r. (seven unique places to experience in rome) ticket.
portfolio
unfortunately, the exquisite beauty of these frescoes could not be perfectly rendered through my photographs due to the artificial lighting in the rooms and the protective glass. if you want to see magnificent illustrations of the highest quality, i strongly recommend that you buy the magnificently illustrated book “the house of augustus: wall paintings”. the book features all the wonderful fresco cycles covering the walls, from the general composition to the smallest detail.
you can buy the book on amazon.com or amazon.co.uk.
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ˈpipəl hu faɪər gənz æt droʊnz ər ɛnˈdeɪnʤərɪŋ ðə ˈpəblɪk ənd ˈprɑpərti ənd kʊd bi ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪd ər faɪnd, ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən wɔrnd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ðə riˈlist ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ən ˈɔrdənəns ˈəndər kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈtaɪni ˈfɑrmɪŋ kəmˈjunɪti əv dɪr treɪl, ˈkoʊloʊ., ðət wʊd ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈhəntərz tɪ ʃut daʊn draʊnz. ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən riˈmaɪndɪd ðə ˈpəblɪk ðət ɪt ˈrɛgjəˌleɪts ðə ˈneɪʃənz ˈɛrˌspeɪs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈɛrˌspeɪs ˈoʊvər ˈsɪtiz ənd taʊnz. "aɪ wɔnt tɪ teɪk ə stænd əˈgɛnst ðə ˈkəmɪŋ sərˈveɪləns soʊˈsaɪɪti ðət simz tɪ bi ˈrəʃɪŋ ɪn ɔn ˈjuˈɛs," ˈfɪlɪp stil, ə ˈrɛzɪdənt ɪn taʊn hu ˈdræftɪd ðə ˈɔrdənəns ənd səbˈmɪtəd ɪt fər əˈpruvəl baɪ ðə taʊn bɔrd, toʊld "fɑks ənd frɛndz." əˈfɪʃəlz ɪn ðə taʊn ədˈmɪt ðeɪ hæv ˈnɛvər sin ə droʊn pleɪn ɔn ðə ˈistərn pleɪnz, bət ðeɪ wɔnt tɪ meɪk ə ˈsteɪtmənt ðət ðeɪ θɪŋk ˈjuzɪŋ ənˈmænd sərˈveɪləns pleɪnz tɪ spaɪ ɔn ˈpipəl ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪz rɔŋ. ðeɪ seɪ ðə ˈɔrdənəns ɪz ˈmoʊstli sɪmˈbɑlɪk. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ɪts əˈgɛnst ˈfɛdərəl lɔ tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ˈfɛdərəl ˈprɑpərti. ðə fər ɪts pɑrt sɛd ə droʊn "hɪt baɪ ˈgənˌfaɪər kʊd kræʃ, ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ˈpərsənz ər ˈprɑpərti ɔn ðə graʊnd, ər ɪt kʊd kəˈlaɪd wɪθ ˈəðər ˈɑbʤɛkts ɪn ðə ɛr. ˈʃutɪŋ æt ən ənˈmænd ˈɛrˌkræft kʊd rɪˈzəlt ɪn ˈkrɪmənəl ər ˈsɪvəl ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti, ʤɪst ɛz wʊd ˈfaɪərrɪŋ æt ə mænd ˈɛrˌpleɪn." ˈəndər ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈɔrdənəns, dɪr treɪl wʊd grænt ˈhəntɪŋ ˈpərˌmɪts tɪ ʃut droʊnz. ðə ˈpərˌmɪts wʊd kɔst 25 iʧ. ðə taʊn wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ ɪnˈkərəʤ droʊn ˈhəntɪŋ baɪ əˈwɔrdɪŋ 100 tɪ ˈɛniˌwən hu ˈprɛzənts ə ˈvælɪd ˈhəntɪŋ ˈlaɪsəns ənd aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪəbəl ˈpisɪz əv ə droʊn ðət həz bɪn ʃɑt daʊn. ɛr fɔrs droʊn ˈkræʃɪz, ˈkloʊzɪz ˈflɔrɪdə roʊd stil, 48 sɛd ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju ðət hi həz 28 ˈsɪgnəʧərz ɔn ə pəˈtɪʃən ˈrəfli 10 pərˈsɛnt əv ðə taʊnz ˈrɛʤɪstərd ˈvoʊtərz. ˈəndər ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ lɔ, ðət rikˈwaɪərz ˈloʊkəl əˈfɪʃəlz tɪ ˈfɔrməli kənˈsɪdər ðə prəˈpoʊzəl æt ə ˈmitɪŋ nɛkst mənθ. taʊn əˈfɪʃəlz wʊd ðɛn hæv ðə ˈɔpʃən əv əˈdɑptɪŋ ðə ˈɔrdənəns ər ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪt ɔn ðə ˈbælət ɪn ən ɪˈlɛkʃən ðɪs fɔl, hi sɛd. ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈɔrdənəns ɪz ˈmoʊstli ə sɪmˈbɑlɪk ˈproʊˌtɛst əˈgɛnst smɔl, səˈvɪljən droʊnz ðət ər ˈkəmɪŋ ˈɪntu juz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, stil sɛd. hi ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət ɪts ənˈlaɪkli ðɛr ər ˈɛni droʊnz ɪn juz nɪr dɪr treɪl. ðə hɛd əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈbjʊroʊ əv ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ækˈnɑlɪʤd ɪn ʤun ðət hɪz ˈeɪʤənsi ˈjuzɪz droʊnz tɪ ˈkɑndəkt sərˈveɪləns ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, bət sɛd ðeɪ du soʊ ˈrɛrli, ðə wɔl strit ˈʤərnəl ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ dɪˈrɛktər ˈrɑbərt mˈjulər sɛd ðə ˈeɪʤənsi ˈjuzɪz ðɛm "ɪn ə ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈmɪnəməl weɪ, ˈvɛri ˈsɛldəm." ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənsiz hæv bɪn ˈjuzɪŋ droʊnz fər jɪrz tɪ ˈmɑnətər ðə ˈnɔrðərn ənd ˈsəðərn ˈbɔrdərz əv ðə juz., ənd ðoʊz droʊnz hæv ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli bɪn dɪˈplɔɪd tɪ hɛlp dəˈmɛstɪk ˈeɪʤənsiz laɪk ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ.
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people who fire guns at drones are endangering the public and property and could be prosecuted or fined, the federal aviation administration warned friday.
the faa released a statement in response to questions about an ordinance under consideration in the tiny farming community of deer trail, colo., that would encourage hunters to shoot down drowns. the administration reminded the public that it regulates the nation's airspace, including the airspace over cities and towns.
"i want to take a stand against the coming surveillance society that seems to be rushing in on us," phillip steel, a resident in town who drafted the ordinance and submitted it for approval by the town board, told "fox and friends."
officials in the town admit they have never seen a drone plane on the eastern plains, but they want to make a statement that they think using unmanned surveillance planes to spy on people in the united states is wrong. they say the ordinance is mostly symbolic. they also recognize it's against federal law to destroy federal property.
the faa for its part said a drone "hit by gunfire could crash, causing damage to persons or property on the ground, or it could collide with other objects in the air. shooting at an unmanned aircraft could result in criminal or civil liability, just as would firing at a manned airplane."
under the proposed ordinance, deer trail would grant hunting permits to shoot drones. the permits would cost $25 each. the town would also encourage drone hunting by awarding $100 to anyone who presents a valid hunting license and identifiable pieces of a drone that has been shot down.
air force drone crashes, closes florida road
steel, 48, said in an interview that he has 28 signatures on a petition — roughly 10 percent of the town's registered voters. under colorado law, that requires local officials to formally consider the proposal at a meeting next month. town officials would then have the option of adopting the ordinance or putting it on the ballot in an election this fall, he said.
the proposed ordinance is mostly a symbolic protest against small, civilian drones that are coming into use in the united states, steel said. he acknowledged that it's unlikely there are any drones in use near deer trail.
the head of the federal bureau of investigation acknowledged in june that his agency uses drones to conduct surveillance in the united states, but said they do so rarely, the wall street journal reported . fbi director robert mueller said the agency uses them "in a very, very minimal way, very seldom."
federal agencies have been using drones for years to monitor the northern and southern borders of the u.s., and those drones have occasionally been deployed to help domestic law-enforcement agencies like the fbi.
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ðə ʤɔɪ əv ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˈkɑmɛnt ˈskræmbəl tɪ traɪ tɪ dɪˈlit lɪŋks ˈæftər ˈgugəl dɪˈmoʊtɪd ðɛm frəm ðə haɪ, wi ˈnoʊtɪst ðət jʊr saɪt ɪz ˈlɪŋkɪŋ tɪ ɑr saɪt [rɪˈdæktɪd] ɔn ðə ˈɑrtɪkəl] ənˈfɔrʧənətli [ɑr ˈkəmpəˌni] həz bɪn hɪt baɪ ən ənˈnæʧərəl lɪŋk ˈpɛnəlti ənd wi ər naʊ traɪɪŋ tɪ gɪt ɔl lɪŋks ˈteɪkən daʊn wɛr ˈpɑsəbəl, ˈrəðər ðən dɪsəˈvaʊɪŋ ðɛm. ɪf ju kʊd spɛr 5 ˈmɪnəts tɪ teɪk ðɪs lɪŋk daʊn wi wʊd bi ɪkˈstrimli ˈgreɪtfəl. du nɑt ˈhɛzəˌteɪt tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt mi wɪθ ˈɛni kˈwɛsʧənz. hɛˈloʊ ˈwɛbˌmæstər, maɪ neɪm ɪz ˈmæθju ˈvɪktər ənd ə ˈsioʊ ˈspɛʃəlɪst wɪθ [rɪˈdæktɪd], fərst ɔf aɪ wɔnt tɪ θæŋk ju fər ˈlɪŋkɪŋ tɪ ɑr saɪt frəm/, wi əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðə səˈpɔrt ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz. ənˈfɔrʧənətli, ɪt həz kəm tɪ ɑr əˈtɛnʃən ðət ðɪs lɪŋk meɪ bi vjud baɪ ˈgugəl ɛz ə vaɪəˈleɪʃən əv ðə ˈwɛbˌmæstər ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz. ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ brɪŋ ɑr ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ˈɪntu kəmˈplaɪəns, soʊ wi ər rɪkˈwɛstɪŋ ðət ju riˈmuv ɑr lɪŋk frəm ðɪs peɪʤ ənd ˈɛni ˈəðər peɪʤ ɔn jʊr ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. tɪ əˈsɪst ju ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv riˈmuvɪŋ ðiz lɪŋks frəm jʊr saɪt ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə lɪst əv ðə ˈpeɪʤɪz wi hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ɛz ˈlɪŋkɪŋ tɪ ˈjuˈɛs. rɪˈdæktɪd] wi wʊd ˈgreɪtli əˈpriʃiˌeɪt jʊr prɑmpt rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðɪs rɪkˈwɛst ənd rɪˈmuvəl əv ðiz lɪŋks əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ˈɛni ˈəðərz ɔn jʊr saɪt. θæŋks, ðɪs ˈɪzənt ˈoʊnli ˈhæpənɪŋ ɪn ðə inboxes*, ˈiðər. "ðə ˈfəni θɪŋ ɪz, wi doʊnt ˈæˌkʧuəli wɔnt ðət spæm ˈlərkɪŋ əraʊnd ɪn oʊld ˈkɑmɛnts," rɑb roʊt tɪ mi ɪn ən iˈmeɪl. "bət wi ˈɑbviəsli laɪk siɪŋ ðə ˈsəfərɪŋ ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðɛr oʊn ˌmɪsbəˈheɪvjər." "soʊ wi ʤɪst liv ɪt əp," hi roʊt, "ˈivɪn ðoʊ wi doʊnt wɔnt ɪt, ɪn ðə hoʊp ðət ˈgugəl meɪ ˈpɛnəˌlaɪz ðɛm ˈfərðər." "ðə ˈævərɪʤ drɔp wɑz frəm peɪʤ wən tɪ peɪʤ faɪv ɪn ˈgugəl," [ðə "ˈsioʊ" gaɪ traɪɪŋ tɪ riˈmuv ˈkɑmɛnts ðət ðə ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd] sɛd. ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz ðeɪ ˈivɪn drɑpt ɛz loʊ ɛz peɪʤ tɛn. haʊ ˈɔfən du ju faɪnd ˈjɔrsɛlf ɔn ðə lɛs ðə əv ˈgugəl rɪˈzəlts? ɪf juv ˈgɔtən ðət fɑr, jʊr ˈbɛtər ɔf ʤɪst rɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ər rɪˈvaɪzɪŋ jʊr sərʧ tərmz. "wi ˈnidɪd tɪ dɪˈlit ɔl əv ðə bæd lɪŋks," hi sɛd. "ɪt wɑz ə bɪg fju ˈθaʊzənd, ˈivɪn tɛn ˈθaʊzənd lɪŋks. wi ʤɪst muvd wən baɪ wən: ðɪs ɪz ə ˈtɑksɪk lɪŋk, wi nid tɪ dɪˈlit ɪt; ðɪs ɪz ə gʊd, ˈnæʧərəl lɪŋk." "wi hæd lɪŋks frəm ðə ˈdeɪli meɪl, ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst, ənd wi hæd lɪŋks frəm ˈproʊˌfaɪlz ɪn ˈʃɪˌti ˈfɔrəmz ər smɔl ˈwɛbˌsaɪts ðət wi ˈdɪdənt wɔnt tɪ gɪt ðə lɪŋk frəm," hi sɛd. əˈpɛrəntli baɪ ðət hi mɛnt... ˈjuˈɛs. soʊ ðə goʊl ˈklɪrli ˈɪzənt tɪ riˈmuv ɔl spæm lɪŋks. ʤɪst ðə wənz. ˈstɑrtɪŋ ə fju mənθs bæk, wi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈnoʊtɪsɪŋ ə wɪrd trɛnd hir æt techdirt*. ˈɛvəri tu ər θri deɪz, wid gɪt ən iˈmeɪl frəm ˈsəmˌwən ˈæskɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs, pəˈlaɪtli, tɪ pliz riˈmuv ə ˈkɑmɛnt ðeɪ hæd ˈpoʊstɪd. ˈɛvəri ˈsɪŋgəl taɪm, ɪt wɑz ˈsəmˌwən hu hæd ˈsəmˌhaʊ ˈgɔtən ˈkɑmɛnt spæm θru ɑr (ˈprɪti gʊd) ˈkɑmɛnt spæm ˈfɪltər (wɪʧ ˈkæʧɪz mɔr ðən spæm ˈkɑmɛnts pər deɪ). iʧ wən ridz ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðə ər ə ˈnəmbər əv ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz ɔn ðɪs. maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt ɪz ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ, wɪʧ rəˈdɪkjələsli ˌɪmˈplaɪz ðət ðət wi wər ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðɛm ənd ðeɪ "əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðə taɪm, wi gɑt wən ðət ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət ɪf wi ˈdɪdənt riˈmuv ðə lɪŋk, ˈgugəl wɛl. ˈɛvəri taɪm wi gɪt ðiz (ənd ɪts bɪn ˈhæpənɪŋ wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈfrikwənsi), ðɛrz ə bɪt əv ən ˌɪnˈtərnəl dɪˈlɛmə. wi doʊnt dɪˈlit spæm. ðæts ɑr ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkɑmɛnt ˈpɑləsi əraʊnd hir. bət, ðiz ər ˈklɪrli spæm, ənd ɪts əˈnɔɪɪŋ ðeɪ gɑt θru ɑr spæm ˈfɪltər. ɪf wi hæd dɪˈskəvərd ðɛm ɔn ɑr oʊn, wi wʊd hæv dɪˈlitəd ðɛm., ʤɪst ðə fækt ðət ðiz ˈʤæˌkæs ˈkɑmɛnt ər ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪn ˈtrəbəl fər ðɛm... meɪks ˈjuˈɛs pɔz ənd θɪŋk ə bɪt. ɪt filz əˈbaɪd baɪ ðə ˈwɪʃɪz əv ðiz ˈkɑmɛnt hu ˈlɪtərd ɑr əˈpɪrz ðət wɪr nɑt ðə ˈoʊnli wənz ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ ðɪs. əˈpɛrəntli, ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst jɪr ər soʊ hæv hɪt ðoʊz hu əˈbjuzd ˈkɑmɛnt kwaɪt hɑrd, ənd ˈplɛnti əv blɔgz ər ˈgɪtɪŋ ðiz kaɪnz əv iˈmeɪlz. ðə foʊks ˈoʊvər æt ðə hæv ə nis ˈɑrtɪkəl əˈbaʊt ɪt ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ kwoʊt rɑb goʊɪŋ θru ðə seɪm dəˈbeɪt wi dɪd, ənd ˈɛndɪŋ əp wɪθ ðə seɪm dɪd səm ˈdɪgɪŋ ənd faʊnd aʊt ðət ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ˈælgərˌɪðəm hæv ˈrɪli hɪt ðoʊz ˈkɑmɛnt hɑrd, wɪʧ ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ wərθ noʊts ðət ɪt, tu, həz rɪˈsivd iˈmeɪlz frəm ðoʊz traɪɪŋ tɪ riˈmuv ˈkɑmɛnt seɪɪŋ ðət ˈgugəl wɪl ˈpənɪʃ ðɛm ɛz wɛl. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə fərst taɪm wi gɑt wən əv ðoʊz, wi riʧt aʊt tɪ ˈpipəl æt ˈgugəl hu toʊld ˈjuˈɛs ðət wi wər faɪn. fərst əv ɔl, ɔl əv ðə lɪŋks ɪn ɑr ˈkɑmɛnts ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli hæv əˈpɛndɪd tɪ ðɛm, wɪʧ minz ðət ˈgugəl ɔˈrɛdi dɪz nɑt juz ðɛm ɛz əˈθɔrəˌteɪtɪv (ðoʊ, aɪ du ˈwəndər ɪf ðeɪ juz ðɛm tɪ hɛlp dɪˈmoʊt ˈsərtən lɪŋks...), ənd noʊz ðət wiv "ˌdɪsəˈvaʊd" ðə lɪŋks. ˈɔlsoʊ, ɑr ˈʤɛnərəl peɪʤ ræŋk ənd ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən ˈlaɪkli prəˈtɛkts ˈjuˈɛs frəm ˈhævɪŋ ðə ˈælgərˌɪðəm θɪŋk wiv ˈsədənli tərnd ˈɪntu lɪŋk wi ˈmɛnʃənd ʤɪst ˈrisəntli wɛˈnɛvər aɪv brɔt ðɪs əp ɔn tˈwɪtər, səm ˈpipəl hæv səˈʤɛstɪd wi ʃʊd ˈɔfər ðə rɪˈmuvəl əv ðoʊz spæm ˈkɑmɛnts ənd æt taɪmz ðæts ˈtɛmptɪŋ. bət, ɪn ðə ɛnd, ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət spjud ðət spæm dɪˈzərv ˌwəˈtɛvər kræp ðeɪ gɪt. ɪf ðeɪ ˈdɪdənt ˈriəˌlaɪz ɪt wɑz ˈivəl tɪ poʊst ˈkɑmɛnt spæm, ðɛn ðɛr nɑt ðə kaɪnz əv ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz wərθ duɪŋ ˈbɪznɪs wɪθ ɪn ðə fərst place.now*, ɪf ˈoʊnli ðə ˈmɛsɪʤ ðət ˈkɑmɛnt ɪz dɛd kʊd meɪk ɪts weɪ tɪ ðə foʊks hu ər stɪl ˈhɪtɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ ər soʊ ˈkɑmɛnt pər deɪ... faɪld ˈəndər: ˈkɑmɛnt, ˈgugəl ˈælgərˌɪðəm, ˈræŋkɪŋz
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the joy of watching comment spammers scramble to try to delete links after google demoted them
from the it's-kind-of-fun dept
hi,
we noticed that your site https://www.techdirt.com is linking to our site [redacted] on the url [techdirt article url]
unfortunately [our company] has been hit by an unnatural link penalty and we are now trying to get all links taken down where possible, rather than disavowing them.
if you could spare 5 minutes to take this link down we would be extremely grateful. do not hesitate to contact me with any questions.
hello webmaster,
my name is matthew victor and i’m a seo specialist with [redacted], first off i want to thank you for linking to our site from https://www.techdirt.com/, we appreciate the support over the years.
unfortunately, it has come to our attention that this link may be viewed by google as a violation of the google's webmaster guidelines.
it is important for us to bring our website into compliance, so we are requesting that you remove our link from this page and any other page on your website.
to assist you in the process of removing these links from your site i’m including a list of the pages we have been able to identify as linking to us.
[urls redacted]
we would greatly appreciate your prompt response to this request and removal of these links along with any others on your site.
thanks,
this isn't only happening in the awl's inboxes, either. "the funny thing is, we don't actually want that spam lurking around in old comments," boing boing's rob beschizza wrote to me in an email. "but we obviously like seeing the spammers suffering as a result of their own misbehavior."
"so we just leave it up," he wrote, "even though we don't want it, in the hope that google may penalize them further."
"the average drop was from page one to page five in google," [the "seo" guy trying to remove comments that the awl contacted] said. in some cases they even dropped as low as page ten. how often do you find yourself on the fifth—much less the tenth—page of google results? if you've gotten that far, you're better off just refining or revising your search terms.
"we needed to delete all of the bad links," he said. "it was a big list—a few thousand, even ten thousand links. we just moved one by one: this is a toxic link, we need to delete it; this is a good, natural link."
"we had links from the daily mail, huffington post, and we had links from profiles in shitty forums or small websites that we didn't want to get the link from," he said. apparently by that he meant... us. so the goal clearly isn't to remove all spam links. just the least-good ones.
starting a few months back, we started noticing a weird trend here at techdirt. every two or three days, we'd get an email from someone asking us, politely, to please remove a comment they had posted. every single time, it was someone who had somehow gotten comment spam through our (pretty good) multi-layer comment spam filter (which catches more than 1,000 spam comments per day). each one reads something like the following:there are a number of variations on this. my favorite is the following, which ridiculously implies that that we were working with them and they "appreciate the support."one time, we got one that insisted that if we didn't remove the link, google wouldas well. every time we get these (and it's been happening with increasing frequency), there's a bit of an internal dilemma. we don't delete commentsthey're spam. that's our general comment policy around here. but, these are clearly spam, and it's annoying they got through our spam filter. if we had discovered them on our own, we would have deleted them., just the fact that these jackass comment spammers are getting in trouble for them... makes us pause and think a bit. it feels somehowto abide by the wishes of these comment spammers who littered our site.it appears that we're not the only ones dealing with this. apparently, google's algorithmic changes over the past year or so have hit those who abused comment spamming quite hard, and plenty of blogs are getting these kinds of emails. the folks over at the awl have a nice article about it , in which they quote boing boing's rob beschizza going through the same debate we did, and ending up with the same conclusion:the awl did some digging and found out that the changes to google's algorithm have really hit those comment spammers hard, which is something worth cheering.the awl notes that it, too, has received emails from those trying to remove comment spams saying that google will punish them as well. however, the first time we got one of those, we reached out to people at google who told us that we were fine. first of all, all of the links in our comments automatically have rel=nofollow appended to them, which means that google already does not use them as authoritative (though, i do wonder if they use them to help demote certain links...), and knows that we've "disavowed" the links. also, our general page rank and reputation likely protects us from having the algorithm think we've suddenly turned into link spammers.as we mentioned just recently , whenever i've brought this up on twitter, some people have suggested we should offer tofor the removal of those spam comments -- and at times that's tempting. but, in the end, the companies that spewed that spam deserve whatever crap they get. if they didn't realize it was evil to post comment spam, then they're not the kinds of organizations worth doing business with in the first place.now, if only the message that comment spamming is dead could make its way to the folks who are still hitting us with 1,000 or so comment spams per day...
filed under: comment spammers, google algorithm, rankings
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ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈəndər ə ˈpeɪpər saɪn ˈrɛdɪŋ "əˈfɛndər sɪt hir," hi ðə ˈstɔri əv hɪz laɪf: ə ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd wɪθ ˌælkəˈhɑlɪk ˈpɛrənts, ðə reɪps ənd ˈmərdərz ðət pʊt ɪm ɔn dɛθ roʊ fər ə taɪm, ənd naʊ, ˈæftər ˈspɛndɪŋ mɔr ðən hæf əv hɪz laɪf bɪˈhaɪnd bɑrz, wət hi kənˈsɪdərz ə ˈmɛʒər əv rɪˈmɔrs ənd fər ðə ˈmɑnstər hi ɪz. ɪts nɑt ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈmərdərz ðət sɛts braɪən ˈdəgən əˈpɑrt ɛz ə ˈsɪˌriəl ˈkɪlər bət ðɛr bruˈtælɪti, ðə jəŋ ˈeɪʤɪz əv hɪz ˈvɪktɪmz ənd ðə ˈrændəm weɪ hi ʧoʊz ðɛm. bɪtˈwin 1974 ənd 1985 hi ˈvɪktəmaɪzd æt list ə ˈdəzən gərlz ənd ˈwɪmən, ˈreɪpɪŋ ˈsɛvən ənd ˈkɪlɪŋ θri ʤəˈnin, 10 ˈdɑnə ʃnɔr, 27 ənd məˈlɪsə ˈækərmən, 7 ˈoʊvər ðə ˈfaɪnəl θri jɪrz. ɪts ˈɔlsoʊ ðət hi lɛt tu ˈrɔŋli kənˈvɪktəd mɛn spɛnd jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən wən ɔn dɛθ roʊ fər reɪp ənd ˈmərdər, ə kraɪm hi kəˈmɪtɪd əˈloʊn wɪn hi faʊnd hər sɪk æt hoʊm. ɪn ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈɪntərvˌjuz wɪθ ðə ˈtrɪbjun æt kərˈɛkʃənəl ˈsɛnər, ˈdəgən ˈrɛdəli ədˈmɪtəd ðət hi ɪz ə ˈsaɪkoʊˌpæθ məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtɪv, ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈiˌmoʊʃən, proʊn tɪ ˈvaɪələns. wəts mɔr, hi ækˈnɑlɪʤd ðət hi rɪˈmeɪnz ə ˈdeɪnʤər tɪ soʊˈsaɪɪti, səˈsɛptəbəl tɪ ə "ˈvɛri strɔŋ reɪʤ" ənd ə læk əv ˌɪmˈpəls kənˈtroʊl ðət, hi sɛd, hæd kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ hɪz ˈvaɪələns. bət wət ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ɪm tɪ kəˈmɪt səʧ hɔˈrɪfɪk kraɪmz ɪˈludz ɪm. "aɪv ʧeɪnʤd tɪ ə pɔɪnt, bət əm stɪl ˈdeɪnʤərəs," hi sɛd. "hi stɪl lɪvz ɪn mi. ˈnəθɪŋz ʧeɪnʤd ɪkˈsɛpt wət aɪv traɪd tɪ du fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf." "əm ə θrɛt tɪ ˈəðər ˈpipəl tɪ ə ˈsərtən ɪkˈstɛnt, aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət," hi sɛd ɪn əˈnəðər ˈɪntərvˌju. "aɪ noʊ əm ə ˈsaɪkoʊˌpæθ." ɪn ˈprɪzən fər ˈnɪrli ðə læst θri ˈdɛkeɪdz, ˈdəgən ɪz əˈproʊʧɪŋ 60 ənd noʊz hi wɪl daɪ bɪˈhaɪnd bɑrz. hɪz dɛθ ˈsɛntəns wɑz kəmˈjutɪd tɪ laɪf ɪn ˈprɪzən ˈæftər ˌɪləˈnɔɪz əˈbɑlɪʃt ˈkæpɪtəl ˈpənɪʃmənt ɪn 2011 hɪz greɪ hɛr, nit ənd slɪkt bæk, ˈkɑntræsts ˈstɑrkli wɪθ ðə ˈskrəfi, əv hɪz juθ. wɪn hi traɪd tɪ ˈriˌkɔl ə ˈditeɪl frəm ə kraɪm ər kloʊzd hɪz aɪz ɪn ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən, hɪz ɪkˈsprɛʃən wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈmɛnəsɪŋ. ɔn ˈlərnɪŋ fər ðə fərst taɪm ðət ə ˈjəŋgər ˈbrəðər hæd daɪd mɔr ðən ə jɪr ˈərliər, hi əˈpɪrd ənˈmuvd. bət ðɛr ər ˈmoʊmənts wɪn wən kən ˈɔlˌmoʊst fərˈgɛt ðət ðə ʃərt ənd dɑrk blu pænts hi wɛrz ər ən ˈɪnˌmeɪts ˈjunəˌfɔrm. æt taɪmz ˈdəgən simd ˈθɔtfəl əˈbaʊt ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz hi həz əˈtɛmptəd tɪ meɪk ɪn hɪz laɪf, əˈbaʊt ðə ˈpərsən hi sɪz hi həz traɪd tɪ bɪˈkəm ɪn ə kənˈstrɪktəd, ˈbrutəl ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. bət ðɛr ɪz noʊ weɪ tɪ pləm ðə hɑrt ənd soʊl əv ə mæn laɪk ˈdəgən, tɪ dɪˈsaɪfər hɪz ˈmoʊtɪvz ər tɪ dɪˈtərmən ɪf hi ɪz ˈfɔrθˈraɪt. ˈprɪzən ˈrɛkərdz səˈʤɛst hi stɪl gɪts ˈɪntu ɔˈkeɪʒənəl ˈtrəbəl, bət hi kleɪmd ðət hɪz ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈprɑbləmz stɛm frəm ˈfaɪlɪŋ kəmˈpleɪnts ənd ˈlɔˌsuts əˈgɛnst ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv kərˈɛkʃənz. hɪz ˈstɔri wɑz fərst toʊld lɔŋ əˈgoʊ, bət ˈoʊnli ɪn kɔrt ˈrɛkərdz, pəˈlis rɪˈpɔrts ənd traɪəl ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni. ðɪs mɑrks hɪz fərst ˈpəblɪʃt ˈɪntərvˌju. braɪən ˈdəgən ɪz ˈsərvɪŋ ə laɪf ˈprɪzən ˈsɛntəns fər θri ˈmərdərz ənd ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈtæks ɔn jəŋ ˈwɪmən. ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz, ə ˈtrɪbjun rɪˈpɔrtər ˌpiriˈɑdɪkəli roʊt ˈdəgən, bət ɪt ˈwəzənt ənˈtɪl ðɪs ˈsəmər ðət hi ɪkˈsprɛst ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ. ˈdəgən ˈænsərd kˈwɛsʧənz fər əˈbaʊt 12 aʊərz ɪn ˈɪntərvˌjuz strɛʧt ˈoʊvər θri mənθs. ˈnəθɪŋ wɑz ɔf ˈlɪmɪts. hi wɑz rɪˈləktənt tɪ ˈditeɪl hɪz kraɪmz, bət ɪn ðə ɛnd hi dɪd soʊ, ɔlˈbiɪt ˈhɔltɪŋli. hi rɪfˈjuzd wən rɪkˈwɛst tɪ bi ˈfoʊtəˌgræft ər ˈvɪdioʊˈteɪpt. hi əˈdrɛst ˌəˈnænsərd kˈwɛsʧənz, səm ðət stɪl næg æt ðoʊz huz lɪvz hi fərˈɛvər ʧeɪnʤd. hi spoʊk əˈbaʊt waɪ hi kɪld səm ˈvɪktɪmz bət lɛt ˈəðərz lɪv, ˈwɛðər hi wɑz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ˈɛni ənˈsɑlvd sleɪɪŋz ənd ɪf hi wʊd hæv ˈmərdərd əˈgɛn ɪf hi ˈhædənt bɪn ərˈɛstɪd fər məˈlɪsəz ˈmərdər ðət ʤun ˈmɔrnɪŋ ɪn 1985 "aɪ doʊnt si ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ðət wʊd hæv stɑpt mi," hi sɛd wɪˈθaʊt ˌhɛzəˈteɪʃən. 'ˈhɑrˌteɪk ənd peɪn' ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, hi həz θɔts əv ə ˈʤɛˌtlaɪnər ˈkræʃɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈprɪzən jɑrd ənd ˈrəʃɪŋ aʊt tɪ seɪv lɪvz "ər biɪŋ ðə vɔɪs əv ˈrizən ɪn ə raɪət," hi sɛd. ˈsəmθɪŋ hɪˈroʊɪk. ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət maɪt ˈɔltər ðə ˈpəblɪks vju əv ɪm ɛz ˈivəl. "aɪd ˈrəðər bi ðə ˈhɪroʊ ðən ðə ˈvɪlən," hi sɛd ɛz hi sæt ɪn ə ˈkɑnfərəns rum æt ðə ˈprɪzən nɪr ˈʤoʊliˌɛt. ɛz ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈsənˌlaɪt sˈlænɪd θru ə bɑrd ˈwɪndoʊ, ˈdəgən tɔkt əˈbaʊt ˈfridəm, ə ˌriˈæləˌti hi noʊz hi wɪl ˈnɛvər ɪkˈspɪriəns əˈgɛn. "aɪ paɪn fər maɪ ˈfridəm," hi sɛd. "bət aɪ noʊ əm ˈnɛvər goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt ɪt." ðət ɪz ʤɪst haʊ ðə ˈfæməliz əv hɪz ˈvɪktɪmz wɔnt ɪt. ðə wər ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd wɪθ ə laɪf tərm bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈdɛkeɪdz əv əˈpilz. bət fər pæt ənd tɑm, huz sərʧ fər ðə truθ ɪn ðɛr ˈjəŋgəst ʧaɪldz sleɪɪŋ spænd θri ˈdɛkeɪdz, ðə dɛθ ˈpɛnəlti rɪˈmeɪnz ðə ˈoʊnli ʤɪst ˈpənɪʃmənt. ðeɪ ənd ðə ˈəðər ˈvɪktɪmz' ˈfæməliz rɪˈʤɛktɪd ˈɔfər ɪn 2009 tɪ mit feɪs tɪ feɪs. "kʊd ju bɪˈliv ɪm? aɪ ˈkʊdənt," tɑm sɛd. "ɪts ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ɪm tɪ traɪ tɪ pleɪ wɪθ jʊr breɪn." "aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ðɛrz ˈɛni ˈvælju ɪn ˈhirɪŋ ə ˈsɪləbəl frəm ðət gaɪ," sɛd ˈdɑnə ˈbrəðər, ˈrɑʤər. "hi ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ bət ˈhɑrˌteɪk ənd peɪn." oʊn ˈfæməli kət taɪz wɪθ ɪm lɔŋ əˈgoʊ. hɪz ˈsɪblɪŋz rɪfˈjuzd tɪ ˈtɛstɪˌfaɪ əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈʧaɪlˌdhʊd ɛz pɑrt əv ən ˈɛfərt tɪ sweɪ ə ˈʤʊri tɪ spɛr hɪz laɪf. ɪn ə 2009 ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz, hɪz ˈsɪstər, ˈhɪləri bər, kɔld ɪm ə ˈmæstər məˈnɪpjəˌleɪtər ənd kɑn mæn hu "ʃʊd bi pʊt tɪ dɛθ." bɔrn ɪn ˈnæʃuə, n.h*., ˈdəgən muvd wɪθ hɪz ˈpɛrənts ənd fɔr ˈsɪblɪŋz tɪ wɛst səˈbərbən laɪəl ɪn 1967 wɪn hi wɑz əˈbaʊt 10 boʊθ ˈpɛrənts wər ˌælkəˈhɑlɪks, bət ɪt wɑz ðə ˈməðər hu wɑz ðə stərn ˌdɪsɪplɪˈnɛriən wɪθ ˈlɪtəl ˈpeɪʃəns fər ˈdəgən, ə hu æt ə jəŋ eɪʤ wɑz ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪd wɪθ sɛks ənd faɪər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈfæməli ənd kɔrt ˈrɛkərdz. baɪ hɪz ˈtiˌneɪʤ jɪrz, hi hæd drɑpt aʊt əv haɪ skul ənd bɪˈkəm wɛl noʊn tɪ pəˈlis ɛz ə θif ənd drəg ˈjuzər. ɪn fækt, ˈdəgən həz spɛnt fjuər ðən faɪv jɪrz aʊt əv ˈprɪzən sɪns hɪz fərst ərˈɛst ɪn 1972 æt ðə eɪʤ əv 15 ɛz ɪf taɪm stɑpt hɪz fərst əˈtɛmpt æt ə sɛks kraɪm tʊk pleɪs ɪn ˈeɪprəl 1974 wɪn ˈdəgən traɪd tɪ græb ə gərl ɪn laɪəl, bət ʃi ɪˈskeɪpt. ɪn ðə leɪt ənd ˈərli 80s*, əˈθɔrətiz bɪˈliv ˈdəgən əˈtækt θri ˈwɪmən ɪn ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈɪnsədənts. iʧ flɛd. stoʊnd ənd broʊk, ˈdəgən sɛd, hi hæd plænd ˈoʊnli tɪ ˈbərglərˌaɪz ðə ˈneɪpərˌvɪl ˈɛriə hoʊm ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1983 ɔn pəroʊl fər ˈɑrsən ənd ˈbərgləri, hi ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ liv ˈæftər hi ˈspɑtɪd ʤəˈnin θru ə ˈwɪndoʊ. hi tʊk tu stɛps təˈwɔrd hɪz kɑr ənd ðɛn, hi sɛd, ɪt wɑz ɛz ɪf taɪm stɑpt. hi tərnd əraʊnd ənd kɪkt ˈoʊpən ðə dɔr, ˈsplɪntərɪŋ ðə freɪm. hi ðɛn ræpt ʤəˈnin ɪn ə ˈbɛdˌsprɛd, əbˈdəktɪŋ hər. ðə gərl, hu hæd steɪd hoʊm frəm skul wɪθ ðə flu, wɑz reɪpt ənd ˈfeɪtəli ˈbitən wɪθ ə taɪər aɪərn. hər ˈbɑdi wɑz faʊnd tu deɪz ˈleɪtər nɪr ðə ˌɪləˈnɔɪz ˈprɛri pæθ wɛst əv hər hoʊm.
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sitting under a paper sign reading "offender sit here," he unspooled the story of his life: a childhood with alcoholic parents, the rapes and murders that put him on death row for a time, and now, after spending more than half of his life behind bars, what he considers a measure of remorse and self-awareness for the monster he is.
it's not the number of murders that sets brian dugan apart as a serial killer but their brutality, the young ages of his victims and the random way he chose them. between 1974 and 1985, he victimized at least a dozen girls and women, raping seven and killing three jeanine nicarico, 10; donna schnorr, 27; and melissa ackerman, 7 over the final three years.
it's also that he let two wrongly convicted men spend years in prison one on death row for jeanine's rape and murder, a crime he committed alone when he found her sick at home.
in a series of interviews with the tribune at stateville correctional center, dugan readily admitted that he is a psychopath manipulative, incapable of emotion, prone to violence. what's more, he acknowledged that he remains a danger to society, susceptible to a "very strong rage" and a lack of impulse control that, he said, had contributed to his violence.
but what motivated him to commit such horrific crimes eludes him.
"i've changed to a point, but i'm still dangerous," he said. "he still lives in me. ... nothing's changed except what i've tried to do for myself."
"i'm a threat to other people to a certain extent, i realize that," he said in another interview. "i know i'm a psychopath."
in prison for nearly the last three decades, dugan is approaching 60 and knows he will die behind bars. his death sentence was commuted to life in prison after illinois abolished capital punishment in 2011. his gray hair, neat and slicked back, contrasts starkly with the scruffy, dark-haired mugshots of his youth.
when he tried to recall a detail from a crime or closed his eyes in concentration, his expression was almost menacing. on learning for the first time that a younger brother had died more than a year earlier, he appeared unmoved. but there are moments when one can almost forget that the sky-blue shirt and dark blue pants he wears are an inmate's uniform.
at times dugan seemed thoughtful about the changes he has attempted to make in his life, about the person he says he has tried to become in a constricted, brutal environment. but there is no way to plumb the heart and soul of a man like dugan, to decipher his motives or to determine if he is forthright. prison records suggest he still gets into occasional trouble, but he claimed that his disciplinary problems stem from filing complaints and lawsuits against the department of corrections.
his story was first told long ago, but only in court records, police reports and trial testimony. this marks his first published interview.
brian dugan is serving a life prison sentence for three murders and a series of sexual attacks on young women.
over the years, a tribune reporter periodically wrote dugan, but it wasn't until this summer that he expressed interest in talking. dugan answered questions for about 12 hours in interviews stretched over three months. nothing was off limits. he was reluctant to detail his crimes, but in the end he did so, albeit haltingly. he refused one request to be photographed or videotaped.
he addressed unanswered questions, some that still nag at those whose lives he forever changed. he spoke about why he killed some victims but let others live, whether he was responsible for any unsolved slayings and if he would have murdered again if he hadn't been arrested for melissa's murder that june morning in 1985.
"i don't see anything that would have stopped me," he said without hesitation.
'heartache and pain'
sometimes, he has thoughts of a jetliner crashing in the prison yard and rushing out to save lives "or being the voice of reason in a riot," he said. something heroic. something that might alter the public's view of him as evil.
"i'd rather be the hero than the villain," he said as he sat in a conference room at the prison near joliet.
as the morning sunlight slanted through a barred window, dugan talked about freedom, a reality he knows he will never experience again.
"i pine for my freedom," he said. "but i know i'm never going to get it."
that is just how the families of his victims want it. the ackermans were satisfied with a life term because they wanted to avoid decades of appeals. but for pat and tom nicarico, whose search for the truth in their youngest child's slaying spanned three decades, the death penalty remains the only just punishment. they and the other victims' families rejected dugan's offer in 2009 to meet face to face.
"could you believe him? i couldn't," tom nicarico said. "it's an opportunity for him to try to play with your brain."
"i don't think there's any value in hearing a syllable from that guy," said donna schnorr's brother, roger. "he is nothing but heartache and pain."
dugan's own family cut ties with him long ago. his siblings refused to testify about their childhood as part of an effort to sway a jury to spare his life. in a 2009 letter to prosecutors, his sister, hilary burr, called him a master manipulator and con man who "should be put to death."
born in nashua, n.h., dugan moved with his parents and four siblings to west suburban lisle in 1967 when he was about 10. both parents were alcoholics, but it was the mother who was the stern disciplinarian with little patience for dugan, a bed-wetter who at a young age was fascinated with sex and fire, according to family and court records.
by his teenage years, he had dropped out of high school and become well known to police as a thief and drug user. in fact, dugan has spent fewer than five years out of prison since his first arrest in 1972 at the age of 15.
as if time stopped
his first attempt at a sex crime took place in april 1974 when dugan tried to grab a 10-year-old girl in lisle, but she escaped.
in the late 1970s and early '80s, authorities believe dugan attacked three women in separate incidents. each fled.
stoned and broke, dugan said, he had planned only to burglarize the nicarico's naperville area home in february 1983. on parole for arson and burglary, he started to leave after he spotted jeanine through a window. he took two steps toward his car and then, he said, it was as if time stopped. he turned around and kicked open the door, splintering the frame. he then wrapped jeanine in a bedspread, abducting her.
the twin-dimpled girl, who had stayed home from school with the flu, was raped and fatally beaten with a tire iron. her body was found two days later near the illinois prairie path west of her home.
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ˈdɑnəld trəmp həz spɛnt ðə list əv ˈɛni ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɔn ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ɪˈlɛkʃən ə ˈfɔrmjələ ðət həz ˈbɛnəˌfɪtɪd ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˌnɑməˈni. ɛz hi ˈbɛstɪd 16 ˈʧælənʤərz ɛn rut tɪ ðə ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən, ˈhərlɪŋ ə bərɑʒ əv ˌɪnˈsəlts ðət hɛlpt ərn ɪm fri ˈɛrˌtaɪm, trəmp spɛnt əˈbaʊt 19 ˈmɪljən, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə rɪˈpɔrt baɪ ˈɛnˌbiˈsi nuz ənd ˈdɛltə. ðət səm wɑz ðə loʊəst əv ˈɛni ˈkænədɪt, rɪˈpəblɪkən ər ˈdɛməˌkræt. baɪ ˈkɑntræst, ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ənd ˈsupər pæks ˈbækɪŋ hər ˈkændɪdəsi hæv spɛnt əˈbaʊt 49 ˈmɪljən ɔn ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ. hər ˈʧælɪnʤər fər ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən, vərˈmɑnt sɛn. ˈbərni ˈsændərz, həz spɛnt əˈbaʊt 58 ˈmɪljən. boʊθ ˈsændərz ənd ˈklɪntən ər ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə əˈhɛd əv ˈpraɪˌmɛri, wɪʧ poʊlz hæv ʃoʊn ɪz ə kloʊz ˈkɑntɛst. ðoʊz hu hæv spɛnt ðə moʊst ðɪs ɪˈlɛkʃən ˈsaɪkəl ˈɛgzətɪd ðə reɪs mənθs əˈgoʊ. ˈfɔrmər ˈflɔrɪdə gəv. ʤɛb bʊʃ ənd ə ˈsupər pæk ˈbækɪŋ hɪz ˈkændɪdəsi spɛnt əˈbaʊt 82 ˈmɪljən, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈbækərz əv ˈflɔrɪdə sɛn. ˈmɑrkoʊ ˈrubioʊ hu spɛnt 67 ˈmɪljən. bʊʃ ˈɛgzətɪd ðə reɪs ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri ənd ˈrubioʊ ɪn mɑrʧ. ˈoʊvərˌɔl ðɪs ˈsaɪkəl, ðə rɪˈpɔrt faʊnd, rɪˈpəblɪkən ənd ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈkænədɪts hæv spɛnt ˈnɪrli 491 ˈmɪljən ɪn ˈtoʊtəl ɔn ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ.
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donald trump has spent the least of any presidential on television advertising in this election a formula that has benefited the republican presidential nominee.
as he bested 16 challengers en route to the nomination, hurling a barrage of insults that helped earn him free airtime, trump spent about $19 million, according to a report by nbc news and smg delta. that sum was the lowest of any candidate, republican or democrat.
by contrast, hillary clinton and super pacs backing her candidacy have spent about $49 million on television advertising. her challenger for the democratic nomination, vermont sen. bernie sanders, has spent about $58 million.
both sanders and clinton are advertising in california ahead of tuesday’s primary, which polls have shown is a close contest.
those who have spent the most this election cycle exited the race months ago.
former florida gov. jeb bush and a super pac backing his candidacy spent about $82 million, followed by backers of florida sen. marco rubio who spent $67 million. bush exited the race in february and rubio in march.
overall this cycle, the report found, republican and democratic candidates have spent nearly $491 million in total on television advertising.
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ˈubər ɪz ə trəˈdɪʃənəl ɪmˈplɔɪər rɪˈkrutɪŋ ɪmˈplɔɪiz. ər ˈubər ɪz ə fəˈsɪləˌteɪtɪŋ ðə wərk əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈkɑnˌtræktərz. ər ˈubər ɪz ə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈkəmpəˌni səˈplaɪɪŋ ən æp tɪ smɔl ˈbɪznɪsɪz. ɪt dɪˈpɛndz ɔn wɪʧ ˈlɔˌsut ju rɛd. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni, ˈvæljud æt ˈoʊvər 62 ˈbɪljən, ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪts dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv wət ɪt dɪz dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn wət bɛst əˈlaʊz ɪt tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri ˈskrutəni. ɪn ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈkeɪsɪz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst jɪr, ˈubər həz dɪˈnaɪd ðət ðə ˈrəfli ˈpipəl hu wərk ɛz ˈubər ˈdraɪvərz ənd ər peɪd baɪ ˈubər fər ðoʊz ˈsərvɪsɪz ər ɪmˈplɔɪiz əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni tʊk ðət pəˈzɪʃən ɪn ˈnumərəs ˈlɔˌsuts ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˌmæsəˈʧusəts, ənd ˈflɔrɪdə. ðə ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ˈleɪbər kəˈmɪʃən ruld læst ʤun ðət ən ˈubər ˈdraɪvər ɪz ən ɪmˈplɔɪi, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ ˈbɛnəfɪts ˈəndər ˈleɪbər lɔ laɪk ˌriɪmˈbərsmənt fər ɪkˈspɛnsɪz ənd ˈoʊvərˌtaɪm peɪ. ðə klæs ˈækʃənz ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə ənd ˌmæsəˈʧusəts ˈsɛtəld fər 100 ˈmɪljən, wɪθ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni əˈgriɪŋ tɪ ˈpɑləsi ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əraʊnd ˈdraɪvərz ənd ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪŋ ə association”*” tɪ brɪŋ kəmˈpleɪnts əv ˈdraɪvərz tɪ ðə ˈmænɪʤmənt. bət ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt speɪt əv ˈlɔˌsuts, ðə moʊst ˈrisənt riˈlist ðɪs wik, əˈkjuz ˈubər əv ˈvaɪəleɪtɪŋ ðə ˈtɛləˌfoʊn kənˈsumər prəˈtɛkʃən ækt baɪ ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts wɪˈθaʊt ɪkˈsprɛs ˈrɪtən consent.”*.” ðə tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz seɪ θɪŋz laɪk ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪd tɪ draɪv ˈubər. noʊ ˈskɛʤʊl. noʊ bɔs. saɪn əp naʊ ənd gɪt ə 500 bonus.”*.” ɪn ðiz ˈkeɪsɪz, ˈubər kənˈsɪstəntli kleɪmz ðət ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈsɛndɪŋ ædz, bət ˈɔfərz əv ɪmˈplɔɪmənt, wɪʧ ˌrikˈwaɪər ˈrɪtən kənˈsɛnt. ðət wʊd meɪk ˈubər ən ɪmˈplɔɪər ˈsikɪŋ ˈwərkərz. ðət ˈɑrgjəmənt həz mɛt wɪθ səkˈsɛs. ɪn wən sut dɪsˈmɪst læst ˌʤuˈlaɪ, juz. ˈdɪstrɪkt kɔrt ʤəʤ ʤɑn ˈtaɪˌgɑr ruld ðət ɪz praɪˈmɛrəli ə ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˈbɪznɪs ðət prəˈvaɪdz raɪd ˈsərvɪsɪz, nɑt ə tɛkˈnɑləʤi business,”*,” ənd ðət ðɛr tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz wər əˈtɛmpt tɪ rɪˈkrut ˈdraɪvərz soʊ ðət ðoʊz pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈdraɪvərz kʊd prəˈvaɪd ˈsərvɪsɪz tɪ riders.”*.” soʊ ˈubər ɪz ən ɪmˈplɔɪər wɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈrɪgəl əˈweɪ frəm ˌənsəˈlɪsɪtɪd ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ lɔz, bət nɑt ən ɪmˈplɔɪər wɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈrɪgəl əˈweɪ frəm ˈleɪbər lɔz. ə θərd taɪp əv kɔrt keɪs ˈɑrgjuz ðət, ɪf ˈdraɪvərz ər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈkɑnˌtræktərz, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ˈgɪlti əv ˈfɪksɪŋ ˈpraɪsɪz əˈməŋ kəmˈpɛtɪtərz, ɛz ɔl ðə ˈkɑnˌtræktərz ʧɑrʤ ðə seɪm reɪt fər raɪdz, beɪst ɔn ən ˈælgərˌɪðəm ˈmænɪʤd baɪ ˈubər. ɪn ðɪs ˌæntaɪˈtrəst keɪs, ˈubər kɔlz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈkəmpəˌni, səˈplaɪɪŋ ən æp ðət ˈdraɪvərz kən juz tɪ faɪnd fɛrz. ɪz nɑt ə ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən ˈkəmpəˌni ənd dɪz nɑt ɪmˈplɔɪ ˈdraɪvərz tɪ dɪˈrɛkli prəˈvaɪd ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən services,”*,” ˈubər kleɪmd ɪn ɪts ˈmoʊʃən tɪ dɪsˈmɪs. ðət ˈmoʊʃən tɪ dɪsˈmɪs wɑz dɪˈnaɪd. ə ˈrisənt ˈstədi frəm nu jɔrk ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈrisərʧərz faʊnd ðət ˈubər ˈhɛvəli ˈmɑnətərz ðə ækˈtɪvɪtiz əv ɪts ˈdraɪvərz, ˈsɛtɪŋ ðə ˈpeɪmənt reɪts, pərˈfɔrməns ˈtɑrgəts, ənd ə ˌrivˈju ˈprɔˌsɛs θru ðə juz əv ˈkəstəmər ˈreɪtɪŋz. ðiz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈvərʒən əv ðə ˈtɪpɪkəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp. ˈkəmpəˌni prəˈdusɪz wət ˈmɛni ˈrizənəbəl əbˈzərvərz wʊd dɪˈfaɪn ɛz ə ˈmænɪʤd ˈleɪbər force,”*,” sɛd ˈrisərʧər ˈæləks rosenblat*, hu kənˈdəktəd ðə ˈstədi wɪθ luk stɑrk. ˈubər əˈfɪʃəlz wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli əˈgri wɪθ ðɪs ɪf ðeɪ wər traɪɪŋ tɪ əˈvɔɪd faɪnz fər ˌənsəˈlɪsɪtɪd tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz. ðeɪ wouldn’t*, ɪf ðeɪ wər traɪɪŋ tɪ əˈvɔɪd faɪnz fər ənˈkɑmpənˌseɪtɪd ɪmˈplɔɪiz ər əˈməŋ ˈkɑnˌtræktərz.
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uber is a traditional employer recruiting employees. or uber is a non-employer facilitating the work of independent contractors. or uber is a technology company supplying an app to small businesses.
it depends on which lawsuit you read. the company, valued at over $62 billion, changes its description of what it does depending on what best allows it to avoid regulatory scrutiny.
in a series of cases over the past year, uber has denied that the roughly 400,000 people who work as uber drivers and are paid by uber for those services are employees of the company. the company took that position in numerous class-action lawsuits in california, massachusetts, and florida.
the california labor commission ruled last june that an uber driver is an employee, however, and therefore entitled to benefits under labor law like reimbursement for expenses and overtime pay. the class actions in california and massachusetts settled for $100 million, with the company agreeing to policy changes around deactivating drivers and recognizing a “driver’s association” to bring complaints of drivers to the company’s management.
but a separate spate of lawsuits, the most recent released this week, accuse uber of violating the telephone consumer protection act by text-messaging advertisements without “prior express written consent.” the text messages say things like “you’re invited to drive uber. no schedule. no boss. sign up now and get a $500 bonus.”
in these cases, uber consistently claims that they are not sending ads, but offers of employment, which don’t require written consent. that would make uber an employer seeking workers.
that argument has met with success. in one suit dismissed last july, u.s. district court judge jon tigar ruled that “uber is primarily a transportation business that provides ride services, not a technology business,” and that their text messages were “an attempt to recruit drivers so that those potential drivers could provide services to riders.”
so uber is an employer when trying to wriggle away from unsolicited advertising laws, but not an employer when trying to wriggle away from labor laws.
a third type of court case argues that, if uber’s drivers are independent contractors, the company is guilty of fixing prices among competitors, as all the contractors charge the same rate for rides, based on an algorithm managed by uber.
in this antitrust case, uber calls itself a software company, supplying an app that drivers can use to find fares. “uber is not a transportation company and does not employ drivers to directly provide transportation services,” uber claimed in its motion to dismiss. that motion to dismiss was denied.
a recent study from new york university researchers found that uber heavily monitors the activities of its drivers, setting the payment rates, performance targets, and a review process through the use of customer ratings. these represent a digital version of the typical manager/worker relationship. “the company produces what many reasonable observers would define as a managed labor force,” said researcher alex rosenblat, who conducted the study with luke stark.
uber officials would probably agree with this if they were trying to avoid fines for unsolicited text messages. they wouldn’t, if they were trying to avoid fines for uncompensated employees or price-fixing among contractors.
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wən əv ˈwɑtsənz ˈmɛni ˈtælənts ɪz ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ ˌpərsəˈnælɪti treɪts baɪ ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ˈrɪtən tɛkst. ðə ˌsupərkəmˈpjutər əˈsɛsɪz treɪts beɪst ɔn ðə ˈpɑpjələr bɪg faɪv tɛst, wɪʧ reɪts ˈsəbʤɪkts fər extroversion*, agreeableness*, conscientiousness*,, ənd ˈoʊpənəs tɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns. ɪt kən ˈɔlsoʊ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈdɪfərənt toʊnz səʧ ɛz fɪr, ʤɔɪ, ˈkɑnfədɛns, ənd ˈoʊpənəs. ðiz skɪlz hæv bɪn juzd tɪ du ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm əˈsɪst ˈkəstəmər ˈsərvɪs ˈeɪʤənts ɪn ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ haʊ ðɛr foʊn kɔlz wɛnt tɪ prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˈdeɪtɪŋ tɪps. wi ˈtɛstɪd aʊt ˈwɑtsən læst wik ɔn ðə "ˈhɛri ˈpɑtər" ˈjunəˌvərs ənd wər waʊd baɪ ɪts kənˈkluʒənz. ðɪs wik, wi wərkt wɪθ ˈrisərʧər tɪ ˈænəˌlaɪz ðə "stɑr wɔrz" ərˈɪʤənəl ˈtrɪləʤi ˈskrinˌpleɪz. (bɪˈkəz lɛts bi ˈɑnəst, ðə rɛst doʊnt kaʊnt.) kip ˈrɛdɪŋ tɪ si ðə ˈfaɪndɪŋz. slaɪdz vju ɛz: wən peɪʤ ˈʤɛˌdi ər ðə list nʊˈrɑtɪk ˈkɛrɪktərz. "ɪf ju lʊk æt ju si ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈrɪli ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ðə ˈʤɛˌdi ˈkɛrɪktərz ər ðə list nʊˈrɑtɪk," toʊld tɛk ˌɪnˈsaɪdər. "ˈjoʊdə ɪz wən əv ðə list nʊˈrɑtɪk ˈkɛrɪktərz. ˈivɪn ˈveɪdər ˈɪzənt ðət nʊˈrɑtɪk." ðæts raɪt, doʊnt fərˈgɛt ˈveɪdər wɑz ə ˈʤɛˌdi fərst ˌbiˈfɔr hi bɪˈkeɪm ə lɔrd. ˌənsərˈpraɪzɪŋli, ðə moʊst nʊˈrɑtɪk ˈkɛrɪktər wɑz. wɪr nɑt səˈpraɪzd æt ɔl ðət ˈwɑtsən pɪkt əp ðət wɑz ðə moʊst nʊˈrɑtɪk wɪθ hɪz ˈɛndləs ˈwəriɪŋ θruaʊt ɔl əv ðə fɪlmz. bət wət ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ɪz ðət hɑn ˈæˌkʧuəli ræŋkt θərd ɪn, raɪt bɪˈhaɪnd luk. hɑn ˈdɛfənətli gɪvz ɔf ə kul ɪkˈstɪriər, bət kənˈsɪdərɪŋ hiz bɪn ɪn kwaɪt ə fju baɪndz (biɪŋ ə frɪʤ məst bi ˈstrɛsfəl) ɪt dɪz meɪk səm sɛns. ræŋks haɪəst fər ˈɪnəˌlɛkt ənd ˈmɑdəsti ənd læst ɪn ənd ˈʧɪrfəlnəs. "ɪts ˈʤɛˌdi ˈstɛrioʊˌtaɪps ðət kəm əp hir ðə ˌikwəˈnɪmɪti," ɪkˈspleɪnd. "jʊr ˈgɑnə bi lɛs ˈfrɛndli ənd ˈoʊpən." luk ræŋks ðə haɪəst fər ˈæŋgər, dutifulness*, ənd ˌmɔˈræləˌti. ðɪs ˈprɪti məʧ neɪlz luks ˈkɛrɪktər ɔn ðə hɛd. hi hoʊldz ə lɔt əv ˈæŋgər ənd rɪˈzɛntmənt təˈwɔrd ðə ˈɛmpaɪər. (ðæts wət ˈhæpənz wɪn jʊr ˈivəl ˈfɑðər əˈbændənz ju ənd stɔrm ˈtrupərz dɪˈstrɔɪ jʊr hoʊm ɔn tatooine*, wi səˈpoʊz). ənd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, hi həz ə ˈvɛri strɔŋ sɛns əv wət ɪz raɪt ənd rɔŋ ənd wət hi nidz tɪ əˈkɑmplɪʃ tɪ meɪk ə ˈdɪfərəns. stɪl, ðə sɛns əv ˈduti ənd ˈæŋgər ˈklɪrli həz ə toʊl ɔn luk, ɛz hi ˈɔlsoʊ ræŋks haɪ ɔn æŋˈzaɪəti ənd dɪˈprɛʃən. hɑn ənd leɪɑ ræŋkt ðə haɪəst fər ˈfrɛndlinɪs æt spɑts wən ənd tu, rɪˈspɛktfəli. ˈmeɪbi ðæts waɪ ðɛr səʧ ə gʊd ˈkəpəl! ðə tu ˈɔlsoʊ ræŋk ˈsɪmələrli haɪ wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ trəst. "ðət meɪks sɛns, ðeɪ gɪt əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl," sɛd, ˈædɪŋ "hɑn ɪz fʊl əv ˈɑptɪˌmɪzəm ənd hiz ˈdɛfənətli ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkɛrɪktər əv ðə fɪlm." bət hɑn ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈstrimli ˌsɛlfˈkɑnʃəs. "ˌpərsəˈnælɪti ˈɪnˌsaɪts ɪz ˈvɛri gʊd æt ˈrɛdɪŋ bɪtˈwin ðə laɪnz," sɛd. "ɪts ˈeɪbəl tɪ pɪk aʊt θɪŋz nɑt ˈrɛdəli ˈɑbviəs baɪ wət ə ˈkɛrɪktər dɪz ɪn ðə plɑt bət mɔr əv wət ðeɪ seɪ ənd ðə weɪ ðeɪ freɪz ɪt." "ˈhɛrɪsən fɔrdz pərˈfɔrməns ɪz fʊl əv sˈwægər ənd ðɛrz noʊ sɛlf ˈkɑnʃəsnəs... [ənd] ðət mæsks ə lɔt əv ðə stəf ɪn ðə ˈdaɪəˌlɔg," hi kənˈtɪnjud. hɑn ˈɔlsoʊ ræŋkt haɪ wɪn ɪt keɪm tɪ dɪˈprɛʃən, æŋˈzaɪəti, ənd. ˈjoʊdə "ɪz laɪk ə stəft ˈænəməl ənd simz əˈgriəbəl, bət ɪf ju lʊk æt ˈdaɪəˌlɔg... hiz kaɪnd əv ʤərk." ˈjoʊdə ræŋkt ˈsɛkənd tɪ læst wɪn ɪt keɪm tɪ agreeableness*, ʤɪst əˈbəv ðə ˈɛmpərər, wɪʧ ˈɪzənt ɪgˈzæktli ə ˈrɪŋɪŋ ɛnˈdɔrsmənt. hi ˈɔlsoʊ ræŋkt læst ɪn ɪgˈzɪbɪtɪŋ ˈsɪmpəθi. tɪ bi fɛr, ju kʊd seɪ ˈjoʊdə həz tɪ bi təf tɪ gɪt hɪz seɪʤ ˈlɛsənz əˈkrɔs. hi kænt bi boʊθ ˈtiʧər ənd frɛnd. bət wɛr ɪt gɪts ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ɪz ˈjoʊdə ənd ˈveɪdər ˈæˌkʧuəli ʃɛr ˈsɛvərəl ˌpərsəˈnælɪti treɪts. ˈjoʊdə ənd ˈveɪdər boʊθ hæv ræŋk loʊ wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪti, ˈfrɛndlinɪs, ənd agreeableness*. bət ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ræŋk haɪ ɔn ˈɪnəˌlɛkt. ˈwɑtsənz əˈsɛsmənt ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈpɪnˌpɔɪnts ʤɪst haʊ θɪn ðə laɪn bɪtˈwin gʊd ənd ˈivəl ɪz. ˈveɪdər tu ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt ɛz ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈʤɛˌdi, soʊ ɪt meɪks sɛns hi wʊd ʃɛr treɪts wɪθ ðə ˈʤɛˌdi ˈmæstər. ɪts ˈsɪmpli ə ˈmætər əv haʊ ˈjoʊdə ənd ˈveɪdər juz ðɛr paʊərz.
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one of ibm watson's many talents is analyzing personality traits by looking at written text. the supercomputer assesses traits based on the popular big five test, which rates subjects for extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. it can also identify different tones such as fear, joy, confidence, and openness. these skills have been used to do everything from assist customer service agents in analyzing how their phone calls went to providing dating tips. we tested out watson last week on the "harry potter" universe and were wowed by its conclusions. this week, we worked with ibm researcher vinith misra to analyze the "star wars" original trilogy screenplays. (because let's be honest, the rest don't count.) keep reading to see the findings. slides view as: one page
jedi are the least neurotic characters. "if you look at neuroticism you see something really interesting — the jedi characters are the least neurotic," misra told tech insider. "yoda is one of the least neurotic characters. even vader isn't that neurotic." that's right, don't forget vader was a jedi first before he became a sith lord.
unsurprisingly, the most neurotic character was c-3po. we're not surprised at all that watson picked up that c-3po was the most neurotic with his endless worrying throughout all of the films. but what is interesting is that han actually ranked third in neuroticism, right behind luke. han definitely gives off a cool exterior, but considering he's been in quite a few binds (being a carbonite fridge must be stressful) it does make some sense.
obi-wan ranks highest for intellect and modesty and last in immoderation and cheerfulness. "it's jedi stereotypes that come up here — the zen-like equanimity," misra explained. "you're gonna be less friendly and open."
luke ranks the highest for anger, dutifulness, and morality. this pretty much nails luke's character on the head. he holds a lot of anger and resentment toward the empire. (that's what happens when your evil father abandons you and storm troopers destroy your home on tatooine, we suppose). and as a result, he has a very strong sense of what is right and wrong and what he needs to accomplish to make a difference. still, the sense of duty and anger clearly has a toll on luke, as he also ranks high on anxiety and depression.
han and leia ranked the highest for friendliness at spots one and two, respectfully. maybe that's why they're such a good couple! the two also rank similarly high when it comes to trust. "that makes sense, they get along with a lot of people," misra said, adding "han is full of optimism and can-do — he's definitely the american character of the film."
but han is also extremely self-conscious. "personality insights is very good at reading between the lines," misra said. "it's able to pick out things not readily obvious by what a character does in the plot but more of what they say and the way they phrase it." "harrison ford's performance is full of swagger and there's no self consciousness... [and] that masks a lot of the stuff in the dialogue," he continued. han also ranked high when it came to depression, anxiety, and neuroticism.
yoda "is like a stuffed animal and seems agreeable, but if you look at dialogue... he's kind of jerk." yoda ranked second to last when it came to agreeableness, just above the emperor, which isn't exactly a ringing endorsement. he also ranked last in exhibiting sympathy. to be fair, you could say yoda has to be tough to get his sage lessons across. he can't be both teacher and friend.
but where it gets interesting is yoda and vader actually share several personality traits. yoda and vader both have rank low when it comes to vulnerability, friendliness, and agreeableness. but they also rank high on intellect. watson's assessment actually pinpoints just how thin the line between good and evil is. vader too started out as a powerful jedi, so it makes sense he would share traits with the jedi master. it's simply a matter of how yoda and vader use their powers.
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doʊnt æsk ðə ˈdɑlfənz əˈbaʊt ðə sɪksθ sid ɪn ðə pleɪɔfs. ðeɪ ˈdɪdənt noʊ ðeɪ wər ɪn ɛz əv ˈmənˌdeɪ, ənd ðeɪ doʊnt wɔnt tɪ noʊ. "wi ˈhævənt ˈrɪli tɔkt əˈbaʊt ɪt, wi ʤɪst tɔkt əˈbaʊt biɪŋ ðɪs wik bɪˈkəz ðɪs ɪz ɑr nɛkst geɪm," ˈdɑlfənz ˈtækəl ʤeɪmz sɛd, ˈviə ðə sun-sentinel*. ʤeɪmz ˈædɪd ðət hi ˈdəzənt noʊ wɛr maɪˈæmi sɪts ɪn ðə pleɪɔf ˈstændɪŋz bɪˈkəz "wəts bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ həz bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ. wiv ʤɪst bɪn ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə nɛkst əˈpoʊnənt ənd aɪ fil laɪk wi hæv tɪ kip ðət əˈproʊʧ." hɪz wərdz ˈɛkoʊ wət dɪˈfɛnsɪv ɛnd ˈɑnˌdreɪ brænʧ sɛd ɔn gʊd ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ. brænʧ wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈteɪkən əˈbæk wɪn hoʊst neɪt ˈbərlɪsən ˈʃɪftɪd ðə dɪˈskəʃən frəm hɪz ˈkloʊðɪŋ laɪn tɪ ðə maɪˈæmi ˈdɑlfənz biɪŋ ˈsupər boʊl kənˈtɛndərz. "noʊ, wi ˈhævənt brɔt ɪt əp æt ɔl, ɑr mɛnˈtælɪti ɪz ʤɪst tɪ wɪn ðə wik," brænʧ sɛd. "wi goʊ ɪn iʧ ənd ˈɛvəri deɪ ʤɪst tɪ bi ˈbɛtər ðən wi wər ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. koʊʧ (ˈædəm) geɪz, wi trəst ɪm, hiz ɑr ˈlidər ənd wi ʤɪst ˈfɑloʊ hɪz lɛd." ɪts hɑrd tɪ tɛl wət ɪz ðə raɪt əˈproʊʧ ˌɛniˈmɔr. ˈkoʊʧɪz tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈpʊtɪŋ ðɛr fʊt ɔn ðə ˈpɛdəl ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ɪt ɔf əraʊnd ðɪs taɪm əv jɪr. hɛd koʊʧ ˈædəm geɪz saʊnz mɔr laɪk bɪl ðən ˈɛniˌwən; rɪfˈjuzɪŋ tɪ lɪv ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə wik tɪ wik ˈbəbəl. "ɪts hɑrd tɪ lʊk daʊn ðə roʊd bɪˈkəz ju hæv soʊ məʧ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn wəts goʊɪŋ ɔn ðət wik, ðɛrz soʊ məʧ wərk ðət goʊz ɔn ʤɪst tɪ wɪn ðət wən geɪm," geɪz sɛd. "aɪ noʊ ɪt saʊnz ˈizi tɪ du tɪ ʤɪst seɪ, 'wɛl wiv gɑt ðɪs tim ˈæftər ðɪs, ənd ðɪs tim ˈæftər ðɪs,' bət ju kænt lʊk pæst ˈɛnibədi." ɪt saʊnz laɪk ðə raɪt əˈproʊʧ. maɪˈæmi wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst kɔt ɪn ə ˈprɪti sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt træp geɪm ðɪs pæst ˈwiˌkɪnd əˈgɛnst ˈkoʊlɪn ənd ðə 49ers*. ɪf ðeɪ ˈfɔltər əˈgɛnst ˈbɔltəˌmɔr ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd, wi meɪ nɑt bi ˈtɔkɪŋ pleɪɔfs, ˈiðər.
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don't ask the dolphins (7-4) about the sixth seed in the playoffs. they didn't know they were in as of monday, and they don't want to know.
"we haven't really talked about it, we just talked about being 1-0 this week because this is our next game," dolphins tackle ja'wuan james said, via the sun-sentinel.
james added that he doesn't know where miami sits in the playoff standings because "what's been working has been working. we've just been focused on the next opponent and i feel like we have to keep that approach."
his words echo what defensive end andre branch said on good morning football on monday. branch was almost taken aback when host nate burleson shifted the discussion from his clothing line to the miami dolphins being super bowl contenders.
"no, we haven't brought it up at all, our mentality is just to win the week," branch said. "we go in each and every day just to be better than we were yesterday. coach (adam) gase, we trust him, he's our leader and we just follow his lead."
it's hard to tell what is the right approach anymore. coaches talk about putting their foot on the pedal or taking it off around this time of year. head coach adam gase sounds more like bill belichick than anyone; refusing to live outside the week to week bubble.
"it's hard to look down the road because you have so much focus on what's going on that week, there's so much work that goes on just to win that one game," gase said. "i know it sounds easy to do to just say, 'well we've got this team after this, and this team after this,' but you can't look past anybody."
it sounds like the right approach. miami was almost caught in a pretty significant trap game this past weekend against colin kaepernick and the 49ers. if they falter against baltimore (6-5) this weekend, we may not be talking playoffs, either.
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ˈsoʊni həz ʤɪst ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ðɛr ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈjusɪʤ tərmz kənˈsərnɪŋ ðə ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən 4 ənd ɪt simz ðət ˈsəmθɪŋ ˌɪnˈtrigɪŋ ɪn ðə ‘‘resale’*’ ˈsɛkʃən. əˈpɛrəntli, ðə ˈriˌseɪl əv ər ˈdaʊnˌloʊdɪd ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɪz nɑt əˈlaʊd, ənˈlɛs ɪkˈsplɪsətli ˈɔθərˌaɪzd baɪ ðɛm ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈpəblɪʃər əv ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˌɪtˈsɛlf. hir ɪt ɪz, ɪn ˈsɛkʃən ju məst nɑt riˈsɛl ˈiðər ˈsɔfˌwɛr ər ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈdaʊnˌloʊdz, ənˈlɛs ɛkˈsprɛsli ˈɔθərˌaɪzd baɪ ˈjuˈɛs ənd, ɪf ðə ˈpəblɪʃər ɪz əˈnəðər ˈkəmpəˌni, əˈdɪʃəˌnəli baɪ ðə ˈpəblɪʃər. ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən lɛd tɪ ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ ˈsɛkʃən, wɪʧ sɪz ðət ˈkəstəmərz du nɑt ˈæˌkʧuəli oʊn ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈæftər baɪɪŋ, bət ər ˈsɪmpli ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ ɪt fər juz. mɔr, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni kən ˈtərməˌneɪt jʊr ˈlaɪsəns ɪf ju du nɑt kəmˈplaɪ wɪθ ðə tərmz. ɔl ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɪz ˈlaɪsənst, nɑt soʊld, wɪʧ minz ju əkˈwaɪər raɪts tɪ juz ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr, ɛz dɪˈskraɪbd ɪn ðiz tərmz, bət ju du nɑt əkˈwaɪər ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp əv ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ɪf ju du nɑt kəmˈplaɪ wɪθ ðiz tərmz, wi kən ˈtərməˌneɪt jʊr ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈlaɪsəns wɪʧ minz ju wɪl noʊ ˈlɔŋgər hæv ðə raɪt tɪ juz ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ˈɔlsoʊ ðɪs ˈsɛkʃən əˈbaʊt ðə ˈlisɪŋ ənd ˈrɛntɪŋ əv jʊr geɪmz. ɛz ɪn ðət nɑt səˈpoʊzd tɪ du ɪt. ju məst nɑt lis, rɛnt, sublicense*, ˈpəblɪʃ, ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ, əˈdæpt, ər trænzˈleɪt ˈɛni ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ˈriˌkɔl wət ˈsoʊni kəmˈpjutər ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt əv əˈmɛrɪkə ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ʤæk sɛd æt wɪn ə ˈgeɪmər baɪz ə dɪsk, ðeɪ hæv ðə raɪts tɪ juz ðət ˈkɑpi əv ðə geɪm. ðeɪ kən treɪd ɪn ðət geɪm æt ˈriˌteɪl, sɛl ɪt tɪ əˈnəðər ˈpərsən, lɛnd ɪt tɪ ə frɛnd, ər kip ɪt fərˈɛvər. ɪn fərˈɛvər, ˈpleɪˌsteɪʃən 4 geɪmz nid tɪ bi kəˈnɛktɪd ˈɔnˌlaɪn tɪ pleɪ. rɪˈmɛmbər haʊ tɪ ʃɛr geɪmz ˈvɪdioʊ? ˈpipəl tʊk ɪt tɪ min ðət pleɪərz wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ du ˌwəˈtɛvər ðeɪ wɔnt wɪθ ðɛr ˈpərʧəst ˈsɔfˌwɛr, bət əˈpɛrəntli ðət ˈoʊnli ɪkˈstɛndz tɪ ˈlɛtɪŋ jʊr frɛnd pleɪ ðə geɪm. stɪl ˈweɪtɪŋ fər əˈfɪʃəl wərd frəm ˈsoʊni tɪ ˈklɛrəˌfaɪ ðiz tərmz. ənˈtɪl ðɛn, maɪ ər ˈθəroʊli rustled*.
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sony has just updated their software usage terms concerning the playstation ecosystem including playstation 4 and it seems that there’s something intriguing in the ‘resale’ section.
apparently, the resale of disk-based or downloaded software is not allowed, unless explicitly authorized by them as well as the publisher of the software itself.
here it is, in section 7.1:
you must not resell either disc-based software or software downloads, unless expressly authorized by us and, if the publisher is another company, additionally by the publisher.
further investigation led to the software licensing section, which says that customers do not actually own the software after buying, but are simply licensing it for use. what’s more, the company can terminate your license if you do not comply with the terms.
all software is licensed, not sold, which means you acquire rights to use the software, as described in these terms, but you do not acquire ownership of the software. if you do not comply with these terms, we can terminate your software license which means you will no longer have the right to use the software.
there’s also this section about the leasing and renting of your games. as in that you’re not supposed to do it.
you must not lease, rent, sublicense, publish, modify, adapt, or translate any portion of the software.
let’s recall what sony computer entertainment of america president and ceo jack tretton said at e3:
when a gamer buys a ps4 disk, they have the rights to use that copy of the game. they can trade in that game at retail, sell it to another person, lend it to a friend, or keep it forever. in forever, playstation 4 disc-based games don’t need to be connected online to play.
remember how to share ps4 games video? people took it to mean that players will be able to do whatever they want with their purchased software, but apparently that only extends to letting your friend play the game.
we’re still waiting for official word from sony to clarify these terms. until then, my jimmies are thoroughly rustled.
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bɪl ˈkɔzbi nɛt wərθ: bɪl ˈkɔzbi ɪz ən əˈmɛrɪkən kəˈmidiən, ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən stɑr ənd prəˈdusər hu həz ə nɛt wərθ əv 400 ˈmɪljən. bɪl ˈkɔzbi wɑz reɪzd ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ənd lɛft skul æt ðə eɪʤ əv 15 tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˈneɪvi. hi dɪd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ərn hɪz dɪˈploʊmɑ, ənd wɛnt ɔn tɪ ərn ə ˈdɑktərət ɪn ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˌmæsəˈʧusəts ˈæmərst. ˈkɔzbi ˈdeɪbjutɪd hɪz ˈstænˌdəp ækt ɪn ðə kləbz əv ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə, wɪʧ lɛd tɪ ˈnæʃənəl ɪkˈspoʊʒər ɔn ðə təˈnaɪt ʃoʊ ənd ə ˈsɪriz əv səkˈsɛsfəl ˈkɑmədi ˈælbəmz ɪn ðə. ˈkɔzbi wən ˈsɛvən ˈgræmi əˈwɔrdz fər bɛst ˈkɑmədi pərˈfɔrməns bɪtˈwin 1965 ənd 1987 hɪz səkˈsɛs ɪn ˈstænˌdəp lɛd tɪ ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən roʊlz ɔn ðə dɪk væn daɪk ʃoʊ ənd ðə ˈækʃən ˈsɪriz aɪ spaɪ, fər wɪʧ hi wən θri kənˈsɛkjətɪv ˈɛmi əˈwɔrdz. ɪn ðə 1980s*, ˈkɔzbi lɔnʧt wən əv ðə moʊst səkˈsɛsfəl ˈsɪtkɑmz əv ɔl taɪm kɔld ðə ˈkɔzbi ʃoʊ. ðə ʃoʊ ræn frəm 1984 tɪ 1992 ənd ɪz wən əv ˈoʊnli tu ˈsɪtkɑmz tɪ rɪˈmeɪn æt ðə tɔp əv ðə ˈnilsən ˈreɪtɪŋz fər faɪv kənˈsɛkjətɪv ˈsizənz. hɪz ˈsɛkənd ˈsɪtˌkɑm, ˈkɔzbi, ɛrd frəm 1996 2000 ənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs taɪm, ˈkɔzbi ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈtərnd tɪ hɪz ˈstænˌdəp ruts, ˈhoʊstɪŋ ˈproʊˌgræmz səʧ ɛz kɪdz seɪ ðə θɪŋz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈsɛvərəl geɪm ʃoʊz. hi ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈpɑpjələr ˈspoʊksmən, ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ brændz laɪk jell-o*, ˈkoʊˌdæk, fɔrd, ənd ˌkoʊkəˈkoʊlɑ. ˈkɔzbi həz bɪn ˈmɛrid tɪ waɪf kəˈmil sɪns 1964 ənd ðə ˈkəpəl hæv fɔr ˈdɔtərz ənd wən leɪt sən. sɪns 2000 ˈkɔzbi həz bɪn əˈkjuzd baɪ ˈnumərəs ˈwɪmən əv ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt ənd reɪp. hi həz dɪˈnaɪd ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz, ˈsteɪtɪŋ ðət ðə ˈɪnsədənts wər kənˈsɛnʃuəl, ənd həz ˈnɛvər bɪn ˈkrɪmənəli ʧɑrʤd. moʊst əv ðə ækts əˈlɛʤd baɪ hɪz əˈkjuzərz fɔl ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈstæʧuts əv ˌlɪmɪˈteɪʃənz fər ˈligəl prəˈsidɪŋz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪn 2015 tu ˈlɔˌsuts əˈgɛnst ˈkɔzbi ər ˈpɛndɪŋ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wən fər ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən əv ˈkɛrɪktər. ɔn ˈeɪprəl 26 2018 ə ˈʤʊri ɪn ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə faʊnd bɪl ˈkɔzbi ˈgɪlti əv ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt. nɛt wərθ ˈditeɪlz: ˈivɪn ˌbiˈfɔr hi kriˈeɪtɪd ðə ˈkɔzbi ʃoʊ, hi wɑz wən əv ðə səˈlɛbrɪtiz ɔn ðə ˈplænət. soʊ məʧ soʊ ðət wɪn hɪz ˈælbəm ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɑz əp ɪn 1968 ˈkɔzbi tərnd daʊn ə ˈfaɪvˌjɪr ˈmɪljən ˈkɑnˌtrækt (ðæts ðə seɪm ɛz 25 ˈmɪljən təˈdeɪ) tɪ lɔnʧ hɪz oʊn pərˈdəkʃən ˈkəmpəˌni. hi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈpəmpɪŋ aʊt hɪz oʊn ˈkɑmədi ˈælbəmz ənd wʊd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli goʊ ɔn tɪ kriˈeɪt ðə ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ʃoʊz fæt ˈælbərt ənd ðə bɪl ˈkɔzbi ʃoʊ (nɑt tɪ bi kənfˈjuzd wɪθ ðə ˈsɪtˌkɑm əv ðə 80s*). ɛz wi noʊ, ɪt wɑz ðə səkˈsɛs əv ðə ˈkɔzbi ʃoʊ ðə wʊd tərn bɪl ˈɪntu wən əv ðə ˈwɛlθiəst ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt ˈɪndəstri. ðə ʃoʊ ræn frəm 1984 tɪ 1992 æt ðə pik əv ðə ʃoʊ hi wɑz ˈərnɪŋ 4 ˈmɪljən pər ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd (ðə seɪm ɛz 8 ˈmɪljən təˈdeɪ). ɪn ðə læst tu ˈdɛkeɪdz əˈloʊn, ðə ʃoʊ həz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ˈoʊvər ˈbɪljən frəm ˌsɪndɪˈkeɪʃən. ɛz ðə ˈoʊnər əv 20 əv ðə ʃoʊz ˈprɑfɪts, bɪl həz ərnd æt list 300 ˈmɪljən frəm ˌsɪndɪˈkeɪʃən dilz əˈloʊn. bɪl həz ˈɔlsoʊ ərnd tɛnz əv ˈmɪljənz mɔr frəm ɛnˈdɔrsmənts (moʊst ˈnoʊtəbli jell-o*), ˈmuvi əˈpɪrənsəz, lɪv ˈkɑmədi ʃoʊz ənd ˈəðər (lɛs səkˈsɛsfəl) ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈsɪriz. hɪz 2014 ˈkɑmədi tʊr groʊst 11 ˈmɪljən ˈoʊvər 100 ʃoʊz. bɪlz ril ɛˈsteɪt pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ ɪz wərθ ˈoʊvər 100 ˈmɪljən. hi həz lɑrʤ ˈprɑpərtiz ɪn ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ənd ˈbɛvərli hɪlz. hɪz ɛˈsteɪt ɪn ˈbɛvərli hɪlz əˈloʊn kʊd bi wərθ ɛz məʧ ɛz 60 ˈmɪljən beɪst ɔn ˈkɑmprəbəl ˈrisənt seɪlz. pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈkloʊzər tɪ 80 ˈmɪljən. bɪl ənd hɪz waɪf kəˈmil oʊn wət həz bɪn dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz "ðə moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ɑrt kəˈlɛkʃən ɪn ðə hænz əv ən ˈæfrɪkɑn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfæməli". bɪl ˈstɑrtɪd əkˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈpisɪz ɪn ðə ənd təˈdeɪ ðə ˈfæməli kəˈlɛkʃən ˌɪnˈkludz ˈpisɪz baɪ ˈtɑməs hɑrt ˈbɛntən, ˈrɛmˌbrænt, rɛnˈwɑr, pɪˈkɑsoʊ ənd ˈmætis. ðɛr ɑrt kəˈlɛkʃən əˈloʊn kʊd ˈizəli bi wərθ nɔrθ əv 150 ˈmɪljən.
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bill cosby net worth: bill cosby is an american comedian, television star and producer who has a net worth of $400 million. bill cosby was raised in philadelphia and left school at the age of 15 to join the navy. he did eventually earn his diploma, and went on to earn a doctorate in education at the university of massachusetts amherst. cosby debuted his stand-up act in the clubs of philadelphia, which led to national exposure on the tonight show and a series of successful comedy albums in the 1960s. cosby won seven grammy awards for best comedy performance between 1965 and 1987. his success in standup led to television roles on the dick van dyke show and the action series i spy, for which he won three consecutive emmy awards. in the 1980s, cosby launched one of the most successful sitcoms of all time called the cosby show. the show ran from 1984 to 1992 and is one of only two sitcoms to remain at the top of the nielsen ratings for five consecutive seasons. his second sitcom, cosby, aired from 1996 – 2000 and during this time, cosby also returned to his stand-up roots, hosting programs such as kids say the darndest things, as well as several game shows. he also became a popular spokesman, representing brands like jell-o, kodak, ford, and coca-cola. cosby has been married to wife camille since 1964, and the couple have four daughters and one late son. since 2000, cosby has been accused by numerous women of sexual assault and rape. he has denied the allegations, stating that the incidents were consensual, and has never been criminally charged. most of the acts alleged by his accusers fall outside of statutes of limitations for legal proceedings. however, in 2015, two lawsuits against cosby are pending, including one for defamation of character. on april 26, 2018 a jury in pennsylvania found bill cosby guilty of sexual assault.
net worth details:
even before he created the cosby show, he was one of the highest-earning celebrities on the planet. so much so that when his album contract was up in 1968, cosby turned down a five-year $3.5 million contract (that's the same as $25 million today) to launch his own production company. he started pumping out his own comedy albums and would eventually go on to create the tv shows fat albert and the bill cosby show (not to be confused with the sitcom of the 80s).
as we know, it was the long-running success of the cosby show the would turn bill into one of the wealthiest people in the entertainment industry. the show ran from 1984 to 1992. at the peak of the show he was earning $4 million per episode (the same as $8 million today). in the last two decades alone, the show has generated over $1.5 billion from syndication. as the owner of 20% of the show's profits, bill has earned at least $300 million from syndication deals alone.
bill has also earned tens of millions more from endorsements (most notably jell-o), movie appearances, live comedy shows and other (less successful) tv series. his 2014 comedy tour grossed $11 million over 100 shows.
bill's real estate portfolio is worth over $100 million. he has large properties in pennsylvania and beverly hills. his estate in beverly hills alone could be worth as much as $60 million based on comparable recent sales. potentially closer to $80 million.
bill and his wife camille own what has been described as "the most significant art collection in the hands of an african american family". bill started acquiring pieces in the 1960s and today the family collection includes pieces by thomas hart benton, rembrandt, renoir, picasso and matisse. their art collection alone could easily be worth north of $150 million.
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æt əˈbaʊt ðə mɑrk əv ə lɔŋ rən, aɪ lɔst ɪt. nɑt it”*” ɪn ðə ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl sɛns. ““it”*” rɪˈfərd tɪ ðə ˈsərkjələr ðət prɪˈvɛnɪd ə wɛt ʃərt frəm ˈrəbɪŋ ðə ˌɛpɪˈdərməs raɪt ɔf ðə θərd ənd fɔrθ moʊst ˈsɛnsɪtɪv pɑrts əv maɪ ˈbɑdi. ˈæftər ðə raɪt fɛl ɔf, aɪ fɛlt ðə bərn, ənd aɪ pækt ə ˈbæˌkəp nip-block*. aɪ nu ðət ðə læst fɔr ər faɪv maɪəlz wʊd min ˈiðər ˈhævɪŋ tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðət wən ˈtaɪni dɑt ɔn maɪ ˈbɑdi wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ fil laɪk ə ˈkɑkˌteɪl, ər ˈhævɪŋ tɪ meɪk ən əˈʤəstmənt. ˈjuʒəwəl əˈʤəstmənts ɪn səʧ ə keɪs wʊd ˌɪnˈklud: ˈfaɪtɪŋ θru ðə peɪn ʤɪst ˈwɔkɪŋ hoʊm riˈmuvɪŋ maɪ ʃərt ˈrənɪŋ wɪθ maɪ raɪt hænd ˈəndər maɪ ʃərt tɪ teɪk ðə ˈmɔɪsʧər ənd məˈtɪriəl ɔf ðə ˈsɛnsɪtɪv spɑt aɪ dɪsˈmɪst ˈɔpʃənz noʊ. 1 θru noʊ. 3 bɪˈkəz: aɪ ˈnidɪd rɪˈlif aɪ ˈnidɪd tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ maɪ lɔŋ rən ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ˈnidɪd tɪ si mi bət aɪ hæd ˌkɑmpləˈkeɪʃənz wɪθ ˈɛksəˌkjutɪŋ ˈɔpʃən noʊ. 4 aɪ wɑz ˈwɛrɪŋ ə bɛlt fər ˈwɔtər, soʊ ðət sɪnʧt maɪ ʃərt ənd əˈlaʊ mi tɪ gɪt maɪ ɑrm ˈəndər ɪt tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ðə ˈrəbɪŋ. soʊ aɪ meɪd əˈnəðər əˈʤəstmənt. aɪ riˈmuvd ðə ˈwɔtər bɛlt ənd stræpt ɪt ˈoʊvər maɪ ˈʃoʊldər ənd ʧɛst laɪk ə sæʃ. ðət wərkt. aɪ wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ rən wɪθ maɪ lɛft ɑrm aʊt ˈfrili ənd maɪ raɪt ɑrm ˈəndər maɪ ʃərt. maɪ ɑrm wɑz kənˈstrɪktəd, jɛs, bət aɪ kʊd prɪˈzərv ə ˈrənɪŋ fɔrm waɪl ˈɔlsoʊ kriˈeɪtɪŋ maɪ oʊn ˈvərʒən əv #freethenipple*. nɑt ə ˈpərˌfɪkt səˈluʃən, bət ˈmænɪʤəbəl. ˈleɪtər, aɪ ˈkrɛstɪd ə hɪl əv ðə baɪk pæθ wɛr aɪ wɑz ˈrənɪŋ ənd sɔ tu pəˈlis kɑz ˈblɑkɪŋ ðə rut əˈbaʊt ə ɪn ðə ˈdɪstəns. aɪ hæd sin ðɛm zɪp baɪ ˈərliər, ənd aɪ əˈsum ðeɪ wər ɪn ðə spɑt tɪ kæʧ ˈspidɪŋ ˈdraɪvərz. ɛz aɪ əˈproʊʧt ðɛm, aɪ ˈwəndərd ɪf ðeɪ wʊd si maɪ kənˈsild ɑrm ənd sæʃ ənd ˈsəˌspɛkt aɪ wɑz əp tɪ ˈsəmθɪŋ. frəm ə ˈdɪstəns, aɪ kʊd si ðə tu ˈɔfɪsərz ˈstændɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðɛr kɑr. aɪ sɔ ðɛm ˈlʊkɪŋ æt iʧ ˈəðər, ðɛn ˈlʊkɪŋ æt mi. bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wər ˈblɑkɪŋ ðə pæθ, aɪ ˈvɛnʧərd təˈwɔrd ðə roʊd tɪ goʊ əraʊnd ðə kɑz. ðeɪ weɪvd mi bæk ˈɪntu ðə raɪt tɪ ðɛm. greɪt, aɪ θɔt, aɪ weɪt tɪ hæv tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ aɪ wɑz ˈrənɪŋ ðə weɪ aɪ wɑz. aɪ gɛs æt ðɪs pɔɪnt aɪ kʊd hæv ˈteɪkən maɪ ɑrm aʊt tɪ ʃoʊ ɔl wɑz faɪn, bət aɪ kɛpt maɪ poʊz. ˈnɪpəl peɪn ɪz ril! raɪt ɛz aɪ gɑt tɪ wɪˈθɪn ə fju fit əv wən ˈɔfɪsər, hi ɪkˈstɛndɪd wən əv hɪz hænz ɪn ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəl kɑp ˈsɪgnəl fər ““stop.”*.” ““whoa*, woʊ, whoa,”*,” hi sɛd. hir ɪt kəmz, aɪ ˈvɛri ˈɔkwərd ɪnˈkaʊnər əv mi ˈhævɪŋ tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ðət dɪˈspaɪt maɪ bɛst ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz əv ˈkipɪŋ maɪ ˈnɪpəlz seɪf, wɛt kən fɔl ɔf. ənˈlaɪk ðə ˈɔfɪsər hu wɑz ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ mi, aɪ hæd noʊ ˈbæˌkəp ɪn ðə ˈɛriə. gɑt ə spid ˈlɪmət here,”*,” hi sɛd, sˈmaɪlɪŋ. hə? ðət wɑz mi. ˈfrɛndli waɪl hi dɪd ɪt? jɛs. bət ə tɔnt? ˌæbsəˈlutli. ɪf aɪ wɑz ˈrənɪŋ fæst, ɪt wʊd hæv bɪn ə ˈkɑmpləmɛnt. bət aɪ wɑz ˈsupər sloʊ ɔn ðə ˈhɪli kɔrs, ənd aɪ wʊd ˈkætəgərˌaɪz hɪz toʊn ɛz friendly-condescending*. aɪ noʊ aɪ maɪt ʤɪst bi ˈpɛrəˌnɔɪd. aɪ ˈrɪli du əkˈsɛpt maɪ lɔt ɪn ðə back-of-the-pack*, ənd ˈmeɪbi hi ˈrɪli ˌɪnˈtɛnd fər ɪt tɪ bi ɛz bæd ɛz aɪ tʊk ɪt. ˈɔlsoʊ, aɪ wɔnt tɪ meɪk ˈmaʊntənz aʊt əv molehills*, bɪˈkəz noʊ gʊd æt ˈrənɪŋ ˌɪnˈklaɪnz ˈɛniˌweɪ. æt maɪl aɪ sɛd, sˈmaɪlɪŋ bæk. ˈgɑtə gɪv mi ə break.”*.” hi sɛd. paʊər tɪ you.”*.” aɪ spɛnt ðə rɛst əv rən sˈlaɪtli pivd, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈθæŋkfəl fər nɑt ˈgɪtɪŋ pʊld ˈoʊvər fər ˈkɛriɪŋ ə kənˈsild ˈblədi bɪt.
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at about the eight-mile mark of a double-digit long run, i lost it.
not “lost it” in the emotional sense. “it” referred to the circular band-aid that prevented a wet shirt from rubbing the epidermis right off the third and fourth most sensitive parts of my body.
after the right band-aid fell off, i felt the burn, and i hadn’t packed a backup nip-block. i knew that the last four or five miles would mean either having to accept that one tiny dot on my body was going to feel like a tobasco-sriracha cocktail, or having to make an adjustment.
usual adjustments in such a case would include:
fighting through the pain just walking home removing my shirt running with my right hand under my shirt to take the moisture and material off the sensitive spot
i dismissed options no. 1 through no. 3 because:
i needed relief i needed to finish my long run nobody needed to see me shirtless
but i had complications with executing option no. 4. i was wearing a belt for water, so that cinched my shirt and didn’t allow me to get my arm under it to prevent the rubbing. so i made another adjustment. i removed the water belt and strapped it over my shoulder and chest like a beauty-pageant sash.
that worked. i was able to run with my left arm out freely and my right arm under my shirt. my arm was constricted, yes, but i could preserve a semi-natural running form while also creating my own version of #freethenipple. not a perfect solution, but manageable.
later, i crested a hill of the bike path where i was running and saw two police cars blocking the route about a quarter-mile in the distance. i had seen them zip by earlier, and i assume they were in the spot to catch speeding drivers.
as i approached them, i wondered if they would see my concealed arm and black-strapped sash and suspect i was up to something. from a distance, i could see the two officers standing outside of their car. i saw them looking at each other, then looking at me.
because they were blocking the path, i ventured toward the road to go around the cars. they waved me back into the path—and right to them.
great, i thought, i can’t wait to have to explain why i was running the way i was. i guess at this point i could have taken my arm out to show all was fine, but i kept my pose. nipple pain is real!
right as i got to within a few feet of one officer, he extended one of his hands in the universal cop signal for “stop.”
“whoa, whoa, whoa,” he said.
here it comes, i thought—one very awkward encounter of me having to explain that despite my best intentions of keeping my nipples safe, wet band-aids can fall off. unlike the officer who was talking to me, i had no backup in the area.
“we’ve got a speed limit here,” he said, smiling.
huh?
that son-of-a-weasel was pace-shaming me.
friendly while he did it? yes. but a taunt? absolutely.
if i was running fast, it would have been a compliment. but i was super slow on the hilly course, and i would categorize his tone as friendly-condescending. i know i might just be paranoid. i really do accept my lot in the back-of-the-pack, and maybe he didn’t really intend for it to be as bad as i took it. also, i don’t want to make mountains out of molehills, because i’m no good at running inclines anyway.
“i’m at mile 11,” i said, smiling back. “you gotta give me a break.”
“mile 11?” he said. “more power to you.”
i spent the rest of run slightly peeved, as well as thankful for not getting pulled over for carrying a concealed bloody bit.
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tu ˈloʊkəl ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ər ˈpʊʃɪŋ ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən (dsny*) tɪ ɪkˈspænd ɪts ˈpɪˌkəp ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈbeɪˌsaɪd, ˈwaɪtˌstoʊn ənd douglaston*. ðə ˈproʊˌgræm, wɪʧ bɪˈgæn ɔn ˈstætən ˈaɪlənd ɪn ɑkˈtoʊbər 2016 əˈlaʊz ˈrɛzɪdənts tɪ rɪkˈwɛst θru ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ə ˈskɛʤʊld ˈpɪˌkəp əv ðɛr ənˈwɔntɪd ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks wɪʧ kən noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi dɪˈspoʊzd əv æt ðə ˈkərbˌsaɪd ˈəndər ə nu ˈsteɪtˌwaɪd riˈsaɪkəlɪŋ lɔ. naʊ, ˈkaʊnsəlmən pɔl vɑˈloʊni ənd əˈsɛmbliˌmæn ˈɛdwərd ˈbrɔnˌstin ər ˈæskɪŋ tɪ brɪŋ ðə ˈpaɪlət ˈproʊˌgræm tɪ ˌnɔrˈθist kwinz. ɪn ə mɑrʧ 23 ˈlɛtər əˈdrɛst tɪ kəˈmɪʃənər ˈkæθrɪn ˌgɑrˈsiə, ðə ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈrɛzɪdənts ɪn ðə ˈɛriə ər ˈsinjərz hu ˈfɪzɪkəli ˈkænɑt ˈtrænspɔrt ðə ˈhɛvi ˈhɑrdˌwɛr tɪ riˈsaɪkəlɪŋ ɪˈvɛnts ər ˈdrɑˌpɔf loʊˈkeɪʃənz θruaʊt ðə bəroʊz. ju ər əˈwɛr, wi hæv ə lɑrʤ ˈɛldərli ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪn ɑr ˈdɪstrɪkts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɛni ðət lɪv ɪn wən- ənd homes,”*,” ðə ˈlɛtər ˈsteɪtɪd. kənˈstɪʧuənts hæv lɑrʤ ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən sɛts ənd ˈəðər dɪˈvaɪsɪz ðət ðeɪ nid tɪ dɪˈspoʊz əv, bət ðeɪ ər əˈneɪbəl tɪ du soʊ, sɪns ˈdrɑpɪŋ ðə ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks ɔf ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ pɔɪnt ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ɪˈvɛnts æt kwinz bəˈtænɪkəl ˈgɑrdən ɪz nɑt feasible.”*.” ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks kəˈlɛktəd θru ˈpaɪlət ˈproʊˌgræm ɪn ˈstætən ˈaɪlənd ˌɪnˈklud kəmˈpjutərz, ˈtɛləˌvɪʒənz, ˈkiˌbɔrdz, vcrs*, ˌdiˌviˈdi pleɪərz ənd fæks məˈʃinz. ˈifɛktɪv ˈeɪprəl 1 2015 ˈsɪti ˈrɛzɪdənts kən bi faɪnd 100 fər ˈpleɪsɪŋ səʧ ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks æt ðə kərb fər dɪˈspoʊzəl. ˈpaɪlət ˈproʊˌgræm ɪz ðə weɪ ðət dɪˈspoʊzəl ʃʊd bi handled,”*,” vɑˈloʊni sɛd. ˈfizəbəl fər səm, ˌɔnˈfɛr tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ˈɛvriˌwən, əˈspɛʃəli ˈsinjərz, tɪ ˈkɛri ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks wɪʧ kən ˈsəmˌtaɪmz weɪ əp tɪ ˈhənərdz əv paʊnz tɪ ə loʊˈkeɪʃən maɪəlz frəm ðɛr home.”*.” “[“[dsny’s*] ˈpaɪlət ˈproʊˌgræm, ˈkərəntli ˌəndərˈweɪ ɪn ˈstætən ˈaɪlənd, əˈlaʊz ˈrɛzɪdənts tɪ ˈskɛʤʊl spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈpɪˌkəp taɪmz fər disposal,”*,” ˈbrɔnˌstin sɛd. ˈpaɪlət ˈproʊˌgræm ɪz ə greɪt stɑrt tɪ ˈsɑlvɪŋ dɪˈspoʊzəl ˈɪʃuz ɪn nu jɔrk ˈsɪti, ənd aɪ ʤɔɪn wɪθ ˈkaʊnsəl ˈmɛmbər vɑˈloʊni ɪn ˈæskɪŋ ðət ɪt bi ɪkˈspændɪd tɪ ˌnɔrˈθist kwinz ɛz sun ɛz possible.”*.” ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, meɪər bɪl də əˈnaʊnst ðət ðə ˈpaɪlət ˈproʊˌgræm wɪl bɪˈkəm ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ənd ɪkˈspænd tɪ ðə brɑŋks, ˈbrʊklɪn ənd kwinz ˈoʊvər ðə kɔrs əv ðə nɛkst θri jɪrz. ðə ɪkˈspænʧən wɪl stɑrt ɪn nɔrθ ˈbrʊklɪn. ðə meɪər dɪd nɑt ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ wɛr ər wɪn ðə ˈproʊˌgræm wʊd lɔnʧ ɪn kwinz. ðə ˈpaɪlət ɔn ˈstætən ˈaɪlənd wɑz səʧ ə səkˈsɛs, ɪkˈspændɪŋ ɪt tɪ ə lɔt mɔr nu yorkers.”*.” də sɛd. soʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ɑr ˈziroʊ weɪst goʊlz tɪ riˈsaɪkəl ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ wi kən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks bət wi ˈɔlsoʊ nid tɪ meɪk ɪt ˈiziər fər ɑr ˈrɛzɪdənts tɪ du soʊ, ənd wət ðɪs ˈproʊˌgræm ɪz ɔl about.”*.”
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two local lawmakers are pushing the department of sanitation (dsny) to expand its e-waste pickup program to neighborhoods including bayside, whitestone and douglaston.
the e-waste program, which began on staten island in october 2016, allows residents to request through the dsny website a scheduled pickup of their unwanted electronics which can no longer be disposed of at the curbside under a new statewide recycling law. now, councilman paul vallone and assemblyman edward braunstein are asking dsny to bring the pilot program to northeast queens.
in a march 23 letter addressed to dsny commissioner kathryn garcia, the lawmakers pointed out that many of the residents in the area are seniors who physically cannot transport the heavy hardware to e-waste recycling events or dsny drop-off locations throughout the boroughs.
“as you are aware, we have a large elderly population in our districts, including many that live in one- and two-family homes,” the letter stated. “our constituents have large television sets and other devices that they need to dispose of, but they are unable to do so, since dropping the electronics off in college point or taking them to events at queens botanical garden is not feasible.”
electronics collected through dsny’s pilot program in staten island include computers, televisions, keyboards, vcrs, dvd players and fax machines. effective april 1, 2015, city residents can be fined $100 for placing such electronics at the curb for disposal.
“this pilot program is the way that e-waste disposal should be handled,” vallone said. “while it’s feasible for some, it’s unfair to expect everyone, especially seniors, to carry electronics which can sometimes weigh up to hundreds of pounds to a location miles from their home.”
“[dsny’s] e-waste pilot program, currently underway in staten island, allows residents to schedule specific pickup times for e-waste disposal,” braunstein said. “this pilot program is a great start to solving e-waste disposal issues in new york city, and i join with council member vallone in asking that it be expanded to northeast queens as soon as possible.”
on tuesday, mayor bill de blasio announced that the pilot program will become permanent and expand to the bronx, brooklyn and queens over the course of the next three years. the expansion will start in north brooklyn. the mayor did not specify where or when the program would launch in queens.
“since the e-waste pilot on staten island was such a success, we’re expanding it to a lot more new yorkers.” de blasio said. “it’s so important to our zero waste goals to recycle everything we can, including electronics but we also need to make it easier for our residents to do so, and that’s what this program is all about.”
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ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm 880 kəˈnɛtəkət ˈbjʊroʊ ʧif fræn daɪd ˈtuzˌdeɪ naɪt. ʃi wɑz 79 fræn bɪˈgæn hər ˈreɪdiˌoʊ kərɪr æt ɪn ˈbrɪʤˌpɔrt bət ɪt wɑz æt 880 wɛr ʃi meɪd hər hoʊm. ʃi bɪˈgæn rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ æt ɪn 1978 ənd ˈnɛvər lʊkt bæk. fræn rɪˈtaɪrd ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri ənd wɑz ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪd fɑr ənd waɪd fər hər wərk, hər ˈɪnfluəns ənd ðə ˈpərsən ʃi wɑz. fræn wɑz pɑrt əv ðə ˈfæməli ənd təˈdeɪ ðət ˈfæməli ɪz ɪn ˈmɔrnɪŋ. ˈspikɪŋ ɔn 880 ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, kəˈnɛtəkət gəv. məˈlɔɪ sɛd ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ əˈbaʊt fræn: sæd ɛz aɪ æm əˈbaʊt hər ˈpæsɪŋ, aɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt hər wɪˈθaʊt ə smaɪl ɔn maɪ feɪs. ʃi wɑz ʤɪst ðət kaɪnd əv person,”*,” məˈlɔɪ toʊld nuz ˈæŋkər ʤoʊ avellar*. wɑz ˈwəndərfəl ənd kaɪnd ənd dɪd hər ˈhoʊmˌwərk ənd ˈɔlˌweɪz priˈpɛrd. ʃi wɑz ən ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən fər ˈɛniˌwən ɪn ðə rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈbɪznɪs. ʃi ˈrɪli wɑz ʤɪst ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈpərsən ɔl lɔst ə greɪt frɛnd ənd greɪt inspiration.”*.” kɑn. sɛn. ˈrɪʧərd ˈblumənˌθɔl ˈɔlsoʊ kɔld ɪn tɪ ənd sɛd fræn wɔrm, ɛnˈdirɪŋ ənd ˈrɪli ˈpɑzətɪv əˈbaʊt people.”*.” hi kɔld hər optimistic”*” hu dɪd hər ʤɑb wɪθ professionalism.”*.” fræn ˈkəvərd ˈblumənˌθɔl fər ˈdɛkeɪdz ənd hi rɪˈmɛmbərd æst ðə sˈmɑrtəst kˈwɛsʧənz. ðeɪ mɛnt tɪ bi ‘‘gotcha.’*.’ ðeɪ wər mɛnt tɪ ɪˈlusəˌdeɪt ə ˈtɑpɪk ənd tɛl hər ˈlɪsənərz wət wɑz ˈrɪli important.”*.” ˈblumənˌθɔl sɛd ləvd ˈpipəl, ʃi ləvd ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ˈpipəl. ʃi ləvd ðɛr stories.”*.” ɔn ðə deɪ əv hər rɪˈtaɪərmənt, məˈlɔɪ dɪˈklɛrd ˈfɛbjəˌwɛri. 3 day”*” ɪn kəˈnɛtəkət. təˈdeɪ ɪz əˈfɪʃəli fræn deɪ ɪn ðə steɪt əv #kɔrt. wi wɪʃ ðə ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri rɪˈpɔrtər hɛlθ ənd ˈhæpinəs ɪn hər rɪˈtaɪərmənt! ˈgəvərnər dæn məˈlɔɪ (@govmalloyoffice*) ˈfɛbruˌɛri 3 2017 ðə ˈgəvərnər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪʃud ə ˈsteɪtmənt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ: ˈnɪrli ˈfɔrti jɪrz, vɔɪs wɑz hərd dɪˈlɪvərɪŋ nuz frəm ðə steɪt əv kəˈnɛtəkət tɪ ˈmɪljənz əv ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈlɪsənərz θruaʊt ðə ˈgreɪtər nu jɔrk ˈsɪti ˌmɛtrəˈpɑlətən ˈɛriə, ənd ʃi dɪd ɪt wɪθ klæs, reputability*, ənd hər oʊn ˈtrəstɪd staɪl. ʃi ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd hər prəˈfɛʃən tɪ ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm, ənd wɑz rɪˈspɛktɪd baɪ soʊ ˈmɛni ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈnumərəs jəŋ ənd ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ rɪˈpɔrtərz hu kənˈsɪstəntli saɪt hər ɛz ən ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən. wi wɪl mɪs fræn, ənd wi ɪkˈstɛnd ɑr ˈdipəst kənˈdoʊlənsəz tɪ hər ˈfæməli, frɛndz, ənd ˈkɑligz æt wcbs.”*.” məˈlɔɪ ˈɔlsoʊ sɛd fræn wɑz ðə ˈoʊnli rɪˈpɔrtər hi ˈɛvər sæŋ ˈhæpi ˈbərθˌdeɪ tɪ ənd sɛd wi ʃʊd ɔl ˈɛmjəˌleɪt hər ““great*, greɪt behavior.”*.”
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longtime wcbs 880 connecticut bureau chief fran schneidau died tuesday night. she was 79.
fran began her radio career at wicc in bridgeport but it was at wcbs 880 where she made her home. she began reporting at wcbs in 1978 and never looked back.
fran retired in february and was celebrated far and wide for her work, her influence and the person she was. fran was part of the family and today that family is in mourning.
speaking on wcbs 880 wednesday morning, connecticut gov. dannel malloy said the following about fran: “as sad as i am about her passing, i can’t talk about her without a smile on my face. she was just that kind of person,” malloy told news anchor joe avellar. “she was wonderful and kind and did her homework and always prepared. she was an inspiration for anyone in the reporting business. she really was just a special person you’ve all lost a great friend and great inspiration.”
conn. sen. richard blumenthal also called in to wcbs880 and said fran “was warm, endearing and really positive about people.”
he called her “relentlessly optimistic” who did her job with “consummate professionalism.”
fran covered blumenthal for decades and he remembered “she asked the smartest questions. they weren’t meant to be ‘gotcha.’ they were meant to elucidate a topic and tell her listeners what was really important.”
blumenthal said “she loved people, she loved listening to people. she loved their stories.”
on the day of her retirement, malloy declared feb. 3 “fran schneidau day” in connecticut.
today is officially fran schneidau day in the state of #ct. we wish the legendary @wcbs880 reporter health and happiness in her retirement! pic.twitter.com/jmmm48krtr — governor dan malloy (@govmalloyoffice) february 3, 2017
the governor also issued a statement wednesday:
“for nearly forty years, fran’s voice was heard delivering news from the state of connecticut to millions of radio listeners throughout the greater new york city metropolitan area, and she did it with class, reputability, and her own trusted style. she dedicated her profession to journalism, and was respected by so many including numerous young and upcoming reporters who consistently site her as an inspiration. we will miss fran, and we extend our deepest condolences to her family, friends, and colleagues at wcbs.”
malloy also said fran was the only reporter he ever sang happy birthday to and said we should all emulate her “great, great behavior.”
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ɪf ju ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ oʊ mɔr ðən ɪn 1099 ˈtæksɪz, kəmˈpaɪld θri ˈsɪmpəl stɛps bɪˈloʊ tɪ ˈfɪlɪŋ jʊr ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ˈtæksɪz (wɪʧ ər du fɔr taɪmz ə jɪr). tɪ faɪl jʊr ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ˈtæksɪz ɪn 3 ˈsɪmpəl stɛps, pliz noʊt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ: 1 ˈɛkspɔrt jʊr tæks ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm jʊr ˈdæʃˌbɔrd ðɪs ɪz ɛz ˈsɪmpəl ɛz ˈlɔgɪŋ ˈɪntu jʊr əˈkaʊnt ənd ˈækˌsɛsɪŋ ɔl ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ jʊr əˈkaʊnt. ju wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ vju jʊr trɪp ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ deɪts taɪmz əv trɪps, ˈdʊˈreɪʃən, ˈmaɪlɪʤ ənd fɛr əˈmaʊnts ənd trɪp mæps. ju kən ˈɛkspɔrt ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ ə faɪl, wɪʧ ɪz ˈhɛlpfəl wɪn kəmˈpaɪlɪŋ ɔl əv jʊr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən tɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt jʊr ˈtoʊtəl ˈɪnˌkəm ənd ˌkɔrəˈspɑndɪŋ ˈmaɪlɪʤ. 2 ˈkælkjəˌleɪt jʊr ˈɪnˌkəm ɪkˈspɛnsɪz ju wɪl peɪ tæks ɔn jʊr groʊs ˈərnɪŋz, lɛs jʊr ɪkˈspɛnsɪz. ju wɪl bi ˈɪʃud ə 1099 æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə jɪr ʃoʊɪŋ ðə groʊs əˈmaʊnt peɪd tɪ ju fər jʊr ˈsərvɪsɪz. jʊr ʤɑb ɪz tɪ træk ɔl əv jʊr ɪkˈspɛnsɪz. ju ˈprɑbəˌbli spɛnt ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt əˈmaʊnt əv ˈməni ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈrənɪŋ jʊr raɪd ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˈbɪznɪs (ɔn θɪŋz laɪk kɑr ˈwɑʃɪz, snæks ənd ˈbɑtəld ˈwɔtər), ju wɪl wɔnt tɪ kleɪm ðiz ɪkˈspɛnsɪz ɛz dɪˈdəkʃənz ɔn jʊr tæks rɪˈtərn. ju ˈɔlsoʊ wɔnt tɪ træk jʊr ˈmaɪlɪʤ. ðə ˈaɪˌɑˈrɛs əˈlaʊz ə ˈʤɛnərəs ˈstændərd ˈmaɪlɪʤ dɪˈdəkʃən, soʊ ɪt ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəl ðət ju kip ə lɔg əv jʊr maɪəlz ðət ju hæv ˈtrævəld fər ˈbɪznɪs. ju meɪ bi səˈpraɪzd tɪ lərn ðət, ənˈlaɪk ə fɔrm rɪˈsivd frəm jʊr ɪmˈplɔɪər, noʊ ˈtæksɪz ər wɪθˈhɛld frəm ðə ˈɪnˌkəm ju ərn ɔn jʊr oʊn ˈbɪznɪs. bɪˈkəz ju ər self-employed*, jʊr ˈɪnˌkəm ɪz ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ə tæks. ðɪs tæks ˈkəvərz jʊr rikˈwaɪərd ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz tɪ ˈsoʊʃəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈmɛdəˌkɛr, ənd ju ˈɔlsoʊ hæv tɪ əˈkaʊnt fər ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈfɛdərəl ˈtæksɪz ɔn ðə nɛt ˈɪnˌkəm ju ərn. ðɪs minz, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn jʊr ˈtoʊtəl tæks ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, bi tækst æt ə reɪt əv dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn jʊr groʊs ˈprɑfɪts. rɪˈmɛmbər, gʊd ɪz ki!
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if you are expected to owe more than $1,000 in 1099 taxes, we’ve compiled three simple steps below to filling your estimated taxes (which are due four times a year). to file your rideshare estimate taxes in 3 simple steps, please note the following:
1. export your tax information from your dashboard – this is as simple as logging into your account and accessing all the information related to your account. you will be able to view your trip information including dates & times of trips, duration, mileage and fare amounts and trip maps. you can export this information to a csv file, which is helpful when compiling all of your information to calculate your total income and corresponding mileage.
2. calculate your income & expenses – you will pay tax on your gross earnings, less your expenses. you will be issued a 1099 at the end of the year showing the gross amount paid to you for your services. your job is to track all of your expenses. you probably spent a significant amount of money actually running your ride sharing business (on things like car washes, snacks and bottled water), you will want to claim these expenses as deductions on your tax return. you also want to track your mileage. the irs allows a generous standard mileage deduction, so it is essential that you keep a log of your miles that you have traveled for business.
you may be surprised to learn that, unlike a w-2 form received from your employer, no taxes are withheld from the income you earn on your own business. because you are self-employed, your income is subject to a 15.3% self-employment tax. this tax covers your required contributions to social security and medicare, and you also have to account for ordinary federal taxes on the net income you earn. this means, depending on your total tax situation, you’ll be taxed at a rate of 15%-40%, depending on your gross profits. remember, good record-keeping is key!
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ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ə ˈmæsɪv faɪər ɪn ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə æt ə ˈwərkərz ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkɑmplɛks ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈhənərdz əv ɛkˈspeɪtriˌeɪts ˈwərkɪŋ fər steɪt ɔɪl ʤaɪənt ˈsɔdi ərˈæmkoʊ kɪld 11 ənd lɛft ˈoʊvər 200 ˈpipəl ˈɪnʤərd ɔn ˈsənˌdi. ðə kənˈdɪʃən əv səm əv ðə ˈɪnʤərd ɪz ˈsteɪtɪd tɪ bi ˈkrɪtɪkəl. ə ˈrɔɪtərz rɪˈpɔrt ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ˈsaɪtɪŋ ðə ˈsɔdi ˈsɪvəl dɪˈfɛns sɛd həz sɛd ðət tu wər kɪld ənd 105 ˈpipəl əv ˈvɛriəs ˌnæʃəˈnælɪtiz wər ˈɪnʤərd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˌkɔˈzælɪtiz meɪ raɪz ˈleɪtər ɪn ðə deɪ. ˈleɪtər ɪn ðə deɪ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðət ðə dɛθ toʊl hæd ˌɪnˈkrist. ðə ˈsɪvəl dɪˈfɛns əˈfɪʃəlz ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ˈmidiə ðət æt list ˈilɛvən ˈpipəl hæv daɪd ənd 219 wər ˈɪnʤərd. ðə faɪər rɪˈpɔrtədli dɪˈstrɔɪd ðə ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈbɪldɪŋ. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni həz mɔr ðən ɪmˈplɔɪiz. ɪn ðə ˈreɪdiəm ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkɑmplɛks, naɪn ˈbɪldɪŋz wər ˈrɛntɪd tɪ ðə steɪt ɔɪl ʤaɪənt ˈsɔdi ərˈæmkoʊ, tɪ haʊs ɪts ɪmˈplɔɪiz. ðə ˈrɛzɪdənts əv ðə ˈkɑmplɛks wər ˈmeɪnli ɛkˈspeɪtriˌeɪts frəm juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, ˈɪndiə, ˈpækɪˌstæn, ˈʧaɪnə ənd ˈfɪləˌpinz əˈməŋ ˈəðərz. ˈloʊkəl ˈrɛzɪdənts kleɪm ðət ðɛr wər noʊ ˈærəbz ər ˈsɔdi ˈsɪtɪzənz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkɑmplɛks. ðə faɪər rɪˈpɔrtədli broʊk aʊt ɪn ðə ˈbeɪsmənt əv ðə ˈsprɔlɪŋ ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkɑmplɛks ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn khobar*. ˈsɔdi ərˈæmkoʊ sɛd ðət ɪt həz lɔnʧt ən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ðə ˈərli ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˌɪnˈfərˌnoʊ. "æt təˈdeɪ, ə faɪər wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɪn ðə ˈbeɪsmənt əv ðə ˈreɪdiəm ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkɑmpaʊnd ɪn æl khobar*, wɪʧ ɪz list baɪ ˈsɔdi ərˈæmkoʊ fər ɪts ɪmˈplɔɪiz," ərˈæmkoʊ sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. "kɑz ənd ˈfərnɪʧər kɔt faɪər ɪn ðə ˈbeɪsmənt əv wən əv ðə taʊərz, ˈhɛvi smoʊk ˈbɛloʊd, əbˈstrəktɪŋ ˈrɛskju ənd ˈfaɪrˌfaɪtɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz." ðə faɪər rɪˈpɔrtədli wɑz brɔt ˈəndər kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊnli baɪ 11 æm, ˈloʊkəl taɪm. ðə ˈreɪdiəm ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈkɑmplɛks həz 486 ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈjunɪts. moʊˈhæmɪd, ə ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ˈstrætɪʤɪst, hu lɪvz ɪn ən əˈpɑrtmənt ˈpɛrəˌlɛl tɪ ðə ˈreɪdiəm ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl toʊld ˈɪndiə ðət "ðə faɪər wɑz juʤ." ðə ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈnæʃənəl ˈædɪd ðət ˈsɪvəl dɪˈfɛns ˈfɔrsɪz ənd ərˈæmkoʊ tim naʊ bɪˈliv ðət ðə faɪər broʊk aʊt du tɪ ə ʃɔrt ˈsərkət ɪn ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ. ˈædɪd ðət ðə ˈrɛskjud ˈpipəl hæv bɪn ˈtrænsfərd tɪ pɑrk ɪn hoʊˈtɛl ənd ˈkɑrltən æl hoʊˈtɛl. ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ɪz jɛt tɪ riˈlis ðə ˈditeɪlz əv ðə ˈvɪktɪmz.
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updated
a massive fire in saudi arabia at a worker's residential complex housing hundreds of expatriates working for state oil giant - saudi aramco - killed 11 and left over 200 people injured on sunday. the condition of some of the injured is stated to be critical.
a reuters report initially citing the saudi civil defence said has said that two were killed and 105 people of various nationalities were injured. however, the number of causalities may rise later in the day.
later in the day reported that the death toll had increased. the civil defence officials informed media that at least eleven people have died and 219 were injured. the fire reportedly destroyed the residential building.
the company has more than 55,000 employees. in the radium residential complex, nine buildings were rented to the state oil giant - saudi aramco, to house its employees.
the residents of the complex were mainly expatriates from united states, india, pakistan, china and philippines among others. local residents claim that there were no arabs or saudi citizens living in the complex.
the fire reportedly broke out in the basement of the sprawling residential complex located in khobar. saudi aramco said that it has launched an investigation into the early morning inferno.
"at 05:45 today, a fire was reported in the basement of the radium residential compound in al khobar, which is leased by saudi aramco for its employees," aramco said in a statement. "cars and furniture caught fire in the basement of one of the towers, heavy smoke bellowed, obstructing rescue and firefighting operations."
the fire reportedly was brought under control only by 11 am, local time. the radium residential complex has 486 housing units.
mohammed elsadek, a marketing strategist, who lives in an apartment parallel to the radium residential told ibtimes india that "the fire was huge." the egyptian national added that civil defence forces and aramco team now believe that the fire broke out due to a short circuit in the building.
elsadek added that the rescued people have been transferred to park inn hotel and carlton al moebed hotel.
saudi arabia is yet to release the details of the victims.
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colau* wɪl ərn ə jɪr, ə ˈdiˌkris əv 27 pərˈsɛnt kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ðə ˈsæləri əv ˈfɔrmər ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə meɪər, ˈzeɪvjər trias*, hu tʊk hoʊm, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈæktɪvɪst, swɛpt tɪ ˈvɪktəri ɪn meɪz ˈloʊkəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz, bɪˈkəmɪŋ ðə fərst ˈfiˌmeɪl meɪər əv speɪnz ˈsɛkənd ˈsɪti. ʃi ræn wɪθ ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə ɛn comú*ú, ə ˈsɪtɪzən ˈplætˌfɔrm səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ˈspænɪʃ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈpɑrti podemos*. ðə ˈsæləri kət ɪz pɑrt əv ə prəˈpoʊzəl ðət ˌbɑrsɪˈloʊnə ɛn comú*ú həz pərˈzɛnəd tɪ ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ɪn ˈsɪti hɔl, ə prəˈpoʊzəl wɪʧ ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludz ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃənz tɪ kət councillors*' ˈsæləriz. waɪl meɪ bi ˈteɪkɪŋ ə peɪ kət, ɪt ɪz fɑr lɛs ðən hər ərˈɪʤənəl səˈʤɛsʧən: ðə ˈpɑrtiz ˈɛθɪkəl koʊd ˈsteɪtɪd ðət ʃi wʊd ərn ə mənθ, wɪʧ wʊd ˈævərɪʤ ə jɪr. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈkætɑˌlɑn ˈdeɪli lɑ vanguardia*, ɪkˈspleɪnd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns ðət ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv hər ˈsæləri wɪl goʊ təˈwɔrdz ˈsoʊʃəl ˈprɑʤɛkts ɪn ðə ˈsɪti. ˈeɪdə wɑz ə ˈprɑmənənt ˈæktɪvɪst ˌbiˈfɔr bɪˈkəmɪŋ meɪər. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ʃi həz nɑt jɛt əˈnaʊnst tɪ wɪʧ ˈprɑʤɛkts ənd ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz ðə rɛst əv hər ˈsæləri wɪl goʊ. ˈfɔrmər meɪər trias*, hu hɛld ðə pəˈzɪʃən frəm 2011 ənˈtɪl 2015 ˈɔfən ərnd ˈoʊvər wɪn ɪkˈspɛnsɪz wər ˈædɪd ɪn, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ lɑ vanguardia*. trias*, əv ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk kənˈvərʤəns əv ˌkætəˈloʊnjə, wɑz wən əv ðə haɪəst peɪd ˈsɪvəl ˈsərvənts ɪn speɪn ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz taɪm ɪn ˈsɪti hɔl. həz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈgɪvɪn əp hər ɪkˈspɛnsɪz, wən ɪn ə reɪnʤ əv ˈmɛʒərz ʃi həz ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd sɪns ˈteɪkɪŋ əp ðə pəˈzɪʃən əv meɪər. ʃi həz ɔˈrɛdi ˌɪmˈpoʊzd hər fərst kərb ɔn ˈtʊˌrɪzəm, səˈspɛndɪŋ ɔl ˈlaɪsənsɪz fər ˈtʊrɪst əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən fər ə jɪr, waɪl ˈsɪti hɔl kənˈdəkts ən analysis”*” ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt. ˈtʊˌrɪzəm ɪz ə dɪˈvaɪsɪv ˈɪʃu ɪn ðə ˈsɪti, wɛr ˈloʊkəl ˈrɛzɪdənts fil laɪk ðeɪ ər biɪŋ praɪst aʊt əv ðə ˈsɪti ˈsɛntər baɪ ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv ˈtʊrɪst ˈrɛntəlz ənd ðət ˈbædli bɪˈheɪvd veɪˈkeɪʃənərz ər loʊərɪŋ ðə toʊn əv ðə ˈsɪti. ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ər ˈmɪrərd baɪ hər ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt ɪn məˈdrɪd, nu meɪər mænˈweɪlə carmena*, hu həz ɔˈrɛdi ˈgɪvɪn əp ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈprɪvɪˌlɪʤɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə pərˈstiʤəs pəˈzɪʃən, səʧ ɛz ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈmɛˌtroʊ ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈjuzɪŋ ðə meɪərəl kɑr ənd fɔrˈgoʊɪŋ ðə ˈsɪti hɔlz ˌviˌaɪˈpi bɑks æt ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs bullring*.
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colau will earn €80,115 ($88,500) a year, a decrease of 27 percent compared to the salary of former barcelona mayor, xavier trias, who took home €109,000.
colau, a former anti-eviction activist, swept to victory in may's local elections, becoming the first female mayor of spain's second city.
she ran with barcelona en comú, a citizen platform supported by left-wing spanish political party podemos.
the salary cut is part of a proposal that barcelona en comú has presented to the opposition in city hall, a proposal which also includes recommendations to cut councillors' salaries.
while colau may be taking a pay cut, it is far less than her original suggestion: the party's ethical code stated that she would earn €2,200 a month, which would average €43,000 a year.
according to catalan daily la vanguardia, colau explained during a press conference that the remainder of her salary will go towards social projects in the city.
ada colau was a prominent anti-eviction activist before becoming mayor. photo: afp
she has not yet announced to which projects and organizations the rest of her salary will go.
former mayor trias, who held the position from 2011 until 2015, often earned over €140,000 when expenses were added in, according to la vanguardia.
trias, of the pro-independence democratic convergence of catalonia, was one of the highest paid civil servants in spain during his time in city hall.
colau has also given up her expenses, one in a range of measures she has implemented since taking up the position of mayor.
she has already imposed her first curb on tourism, suspending all licenses for tourist accommodation for a year, while city hall conducts an “in-depth analysis” on the subject.
tourism is a divisive issue in the city, where local residents feel like they are being priced out of the city centre by an increasing number of tourist rentals and that badly behaved vacationers are lowering the tone of the city.
colau's changes are mirrored by her counterpart in madrid, new left-wing mayor manuela carmena, who has already given up a number of privileges associated with the prestigious position, such as taking the metro instead of using the mayoral chauffeur-driven car and foregoing the city hall's vip box at madrid's las ventas bullring.
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ˈwɔʃɪŋtən nil ti., hu ˈoʊvərˌsɔ ðə ˈbeɪˌlaʊt əv ðə ˈbæŋkɪŋ ˈɪndəstri ɛz ə ˈtrɛʒəri əˈfɪʃəl ɪn ðə ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ ənd ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃənz, wɑz neɪmd ðə nɛkst ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈfɛdərəl rɪˈzərv bæŋk əv ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ. ˈmɪstər., 42 wɪl səkˈsid ɑr. ɪn ðət poʊst ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. hi wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ teɪk ˈmɪstər. pleɪs ɛz ðə ˈjəŋgəst əv ðə 17 ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə kəˈmɪti, ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈoʊpən ˈmɑrkɪt kəˈmɪti. ““mr*. ɪz ən ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈlidər huz kəmˈbaɪnd ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk ənd ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktərz meɪks ɪm ðə aɪˈdil ˈkænədɪt tɪ hɛd ðə ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs fed,”*,” hæŋ, ə ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs fɛd bɔrd ˈmɛmbər hu wɑz əv ðə sərʧ kəˈmɪti, sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. ˈmɪstər. ɪz ðə θərd ˈpərsən ðɪs jɪr əˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ lɛd ə ˈriʤənəl rɪˈzərv bæŋk, ənd ɔl θri əv ðə nu ˈprɛzɪˌdɛnts ˈpriviəsli wərkt æt ˈgoʊldmən sɑks. ðə ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə fɛd ɪn mɑrʧ əˈpɔɪntɪd ˈpætrɪk ˈhɑrkər, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈgoʊldmən ˌtrəˈsti, ɛz ɪts nu ˈprɛzɪdənt. ðə ˈdæləs fɛd ɪn ˈɔgəst səˈlɛktɪd ˈrɑbərt ɛs. ˈkæplən, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈgoʊldmən vaɪs ˈʧɛrmən.
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washington — neel t. kashkari, who oversaw the government’s bailout of the banking industry as a treasury official in the george w. bush and obama administrations, was named the next president of the federal reserve bank of minneapolis on tuesday.
mr. kashkari, 42, will succeed narayana r. kocherlakota in that post in january. he will also take mr. kocherlakota’s place as the youngest of the 17 members of the fed’s policy-making committee, the federal open market committee.
“mr. kashkari is an influential leader whose combined experience in the public and private sectors makes him the ideal candidate to head the minneapolis fed,” maykao hang, a minneapolis fed board member who was co-chairwoman of the search committee, said in a statement.
mr. kashkari is the third person this year appointed to lead a regional reserve bank, and all three of the new presidents previously worked at goldman sachs. the philadelphia fed in march appointed patrick harker, a former goldman trustee, as its new president. the dallas fed in august selected robert s. kaplan, a former goldman vice chairman.
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kloʊz dɪˈspoʊzɪŋ əv ˈjumən weɪst ɪn speɪs ˈmɪʃənz ɪz ə ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ˈprɔˌsɛs. ɪt ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˈstɔrɪŋ ðə weɪst ɪn kənˈteɪnərz ənd ˈloʊdɪŋ ɪt ɔf ɪn ˈkɑrˌgoʊ ˈviɪkəlz wɛr ɪt ʃʊd bi kəmˈplitli bərnd əp ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈspeɪˌskræft ðə ərθs ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt. ˈrisərʧərz frəm ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈflɔrɪdə, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, hæv kəm əp wɪθ ə mɔr pərˈdəktɪv weɪ əv dɪˈspoʊzɪŋ əv ˈfikəl weɪst θru ə ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət tərnz ɪt ˈɪntu ˈrɑkət fjuəl. ɪn 2006 ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌɛrəˈnɔtɪks ənd speɪs ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən (ˈnæsə) əˈnaʊnst plænz tɪ bɪld ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ˌɪnˈhæbətəd beɪs ɔn ðə mun bɪtˈwin 2019 ənd 2024 əˈwɛr ðət ˈkɛriɪŋ bæk stɔrd weɪst ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈmɪʃənz ɪz ˌɪmˈpræktɪkəl ənd ˈdəmpɪŋ weɪst ɔn ðə ˈlunər ˈsərfəs ɪz nɑt ən ˈɔpʃən, ðə juz. speɪs ˈeɪʤənsi æst hɛlp frəm ˈrisərʧərz. ˈprɑtəp pullammanappallil*, ən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt prəˈfɛsər əv ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ənd ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ, ənd dhoble*, ə ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənt æt æt ðə taɪm, ækˈsɛptɪd ðə ˈʧælənʤ tɪ lʊk fər ɔlˈtərnətɪv ənd ˈbɛtər aɪˈdiəz ɔn haʊ tɪ dɪˈspoʊz əv weɪst frəm speɪs. ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈpækɪʤd fɔrm əv ˈkɛmɪkli ˈtritɪd ˈjumən weɪst səˈplaɪd tɪ ðɛm baɪ ˈnæsə, ðə ˈrisərʧərz kənˈdəktəd ˈlæbrəˌtɔri tɛsts tɪ dɪˈtərmən haʊ məʧ ˈmɛˌθeɪn wʊd bi ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd frəm ðə weɪst ənd fər haʊ lɔŋ wɪθ ðə ˌænərˈoʊbɪk ˈdaɪˌʤɛstər tɛkˈnik ðeɪ juzd. ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs kɪlz ðə ˈpæθəʤənz ðət ər ˈprɛzənt ɪn ˈjumən weɪst. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈdusɪz, ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ˈkɑrbən daɪˈɑkˌsaɪd ənd ˈmɛˌθeɪn prəˈdust baɪ ðə ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn əv ɔrˈgænɪk ˈmætər. ɪz ə sɔrs əv riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi ðət, ɔn ərθ, kən bi juzd ɛz fjuəl fər ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən, ˈhitɪŋ ənd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti. "wi wər traɪɪŋ tɪ faɪnd aʊt haʊ məʧ ˈmɛˌθeɪn kən bi prəˈdust frəm fud, fud ˈpækɪʤɪŋ ənd ˈjumən weɪst," sɛd pullammanappallil*. "ðə aɪˈdiə wɑz tɪ si ˈwɛðər wi kʊd meɪk ɪˈnəf fjuəl tɪ lɔnʧ ˈrɑkəts ənd nɑt ˈkɛri ɔl ðə fjuəl ənd ɪts weɪt frəm ərθ fər ðə rɪˈtərn ˈʤərni." ðə ˈrisərʧərz faʊnd ðət wɪθ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ðeɪ kən ˈproʊdus ən ɪkˈwɪvələnt əv 290 ˈlitərz əv ˈmɛˌθeɪn pər kru ˈmɛmbər ˈdeɪli ˈoʊvər ə ˈpɪriəd əv wən wik. ˈmɛˌθeɪn kən bi juzd tɪ fjuəl ˈrɑkəts ənd, wɪθ ə səˈfɪʃənt əˈmaʊnt, wʊd əˈlaʊ ˈspeɪˌskræft tɪ rɪˈtərn frəm ðə mun. ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs kən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈproʊdus əˈbaʊt 757 ˈlitərz əv ˈwɔtər pər jɪr frəm ɔl ðə weɪst. θru ˌɛˌlɛkˈtrɑləsɪs, ðɪs kən bi splɪt ˈɪntu ˈhaɪdrəʤən ənd ˈɑksɪʤən. ðə ˈlætər kən bi juzd baɪ ˈæstrəˌnɔts fər ə ˈbæˌkəp ˈbriðɪŋ ˈsɪstəm. ðə ˈfaɪndɪŋz wər ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl ədˈvænsɪz ɪn speɪs ˈrisərʧ. 2018 ɔl raɪts rɪˈzərvd. du nɑt ˌriprəˈdus wɪˈθaʊt pərˈmɪʃən.
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disposing of human waste in space missions is a complicated process. it involves storing the waste in containers and loading it off in cargo vehicles where it should be completely burned up before the spacecraft re-enters the earth's environment.
researchers from the university of florida, however, have come up with a more productive way of disposing of fecal waste through a process that turns ito rocket fuel.
in 2006, the national aeronautics and space administration (nasa) announced plans to build a permanently inhabited base on the moon between 2019 and 2024. aware that carrying back stored waste during long-term missions is impractical and dumping waste on the lunar surface is not an option, the u.s. space agency asked help from uf researchers.
pratap pullammanappallil, an associate professor of agricultural and biological engineering, and abhishek dhoble, a graduate student at uf at the time, accepted the challenge to look for alternative and better ideas on how to dispose of waste from space.
using the packaged form of chemically treated human waste supplied to them by nasa, the researchers conducted laboratory tests to determine how much methane would be generated from the waste and for how long with the anaerobic digester technique they used.
the process kills the pathogens that are present in human waste. it also produces biogas, a combination of carbon dioxide and methane produced by the breakdown of organic matter. biogas is a source of renewable energy that, on earth, can be used as fuel for transportation, heating and generating electricity.
"we were trying to find out how much methane can be produced from uneaten food, food packaging and human waste," said pullammanappallil. "the idea was to see whether we could make enough fuel to launch rockets and not carry all the fuel and its weight from earth for the return journey."
the researchers found that with the process they can produce an equivalent of 290 liters of methane per crew member daily over a period of one week. methane can be used to fuel rockets and, with a sufficient amount, would allow spacecraft to return from the moon.
the process can also produce about 757 liters of non-potable water per year from all the waste. through electrolysis, this can be splito hydrogen and oxygen. the latter can be used by astronauts for a back-up breathing system.
the findings were published in the journal advances in space research.
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wɪŋd bɛrz ˈmæʤɪk həz gɔn tu fɑr. loʊn ˈwɪzərd ɪn hɪz taʊər meɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ ɛz ˈskɛri ɛz ən ə bɛr ðət kən flaɪ ənd ʃut ˈleɪzərz aʊt əv ɪts aɪz. ˈwɛðər ɪt wɑz ə lɔst bɛt, ə waɪld naɪt ðət ˈstɑrtɪd baɪ ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ tu məʧ, ər ˈsəmθɪŋ nən əv ˈjuˈɛs kʊd ˈɛvər kənˈsiv, ˈrizən fər ðɛr ɪgˈzɪstəns ɪz ə ˈmɪstəri. wɪŋd ˈprɛdətərz. ənˈlaɪk ˈkɑmən bɛrz, ju ˈnɛvər noʊ wɪn tɪ ɪkˈspɛkt ðə wɪŋd bɛrz tɪ straɪk. ðeɪ kən flaɪ haɪ əˈbəv ðə ˈfɔrəsts, məʧ laɪk ˈigəlz, ənd prɪˈfər tɪ əˈtæk ˈjuzɪŋ ðɛr ˈleɪzər aɪz frəm ðə ˈdɪstəns, waɪl əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ðə əˈtæks əv ðɛr foʊz. ˈmɑnstər əv ˈlɛʤənd. ɪgˈzɪstəns əv wɪŋd bɛrz ɪz ə fækt, bət wət ˈmɛni doʊnt noʊ əv ɪz ðə mɪθ əv ðə ˈwʊdzmæn ənd ðə bɛr. ɪn ðɪs ˈstɔri, ðə ˈwʊdzmæn ɪz əˈtækt baɪ ə wɪŋd bɛr ɛz hi wɔnts tɪ kət daʊn ðə ˈgreɪtəst tri ɪn ə ˈfɔrɪst. ˈwʊdzmæn traɪz tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn hɪmˈsɛlf, seɪɪŋ hi dɪz nɑt wɔnt hɪz ˈfæməli tɪ friz tɪ dɛθ ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈwɪntər, soʊ ðə tu meɪk ə dil ɪf ðə ˈwʊdzmæn kən klaɪm tɪ ðə tɔp əv ðə ˈfɔrɪst ənd taɪ ə tɪ ðə haɪəst brænʧ əv ðə ˈfɔrɪst, ðə bɛr wɪl nɑt ˈoʊnli əˈlaʊ ɪt tɪ kət daʊn ðə ˈgreɪtəst tri ɪn ðə ˈfɔrɪst, bət ˈɔlsoʊ hənt ɪˈnəf fud fər ðə ˈwʊdzmæn tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr hɪz ˈfæməli wɪl ˈnɛvər stɑrv əˈgɛn. ðə ˈwʊdzmæn əˈgriz tɪ ðə dil, ənd stɑrts tɪ klaɪm əp ðə tri. ɛz hi gɪts haɪər ənd haɪər, ðə bɛr flaɪz baɪ hɪz saɪd, ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˈkɛrfəli ɛz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ˈwʊdzmæn wɪl nɑt ʧit. ˈwʊdzmæn faɪndz ðɪs ˈvɛri streɪnʤ, siɪŋ haʊ bɛr dɪd nɑt ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ˈɛni riˈstrɪkʃənz tɪ ðɪs ˈʧælənʤ, bət hi klaɪmz ɔn. ʤɪst laɪk ðə ˈprɑfəts wəns sɛd... ɪts ðə ɛnd taɪmz! ðə ˈwʊdzmæn əˈsɛndz ðə tri, ðə ˈbrænʧɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈθɪnər ənd ˈθɪnər. hi gɪts ˈnərvəs, ˈhoʊpɪŋ nən əv ðɛm wɪl breɪk ˌəndərˈniθ hɪz weɪt. ɪts ʤɪst ðɛn ðət wən ˌɪnˈdid breɪks, ənd ðə ˈwʊdzmæn faɪndz hɪmˈsɛlf ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈɔntu ðə tri wɪθ ˈoʊnli wən hænd. daʊn bɪˈloʊ ɪm ˈhənərdz əv fit fɔl tɪ ðə graʊnd. ˈmɔrəl əv ðə ˈstɔri ɪz ðɪs: du nɑt trəst ˈtɔkɪŋ wɪŋd bɛrz. wɪŋd bɛr lɑrʤ bist, ˈɑrmər klæs 15 (ˈnæʧərəl ˈɑrmər) 15 (ˈnæʧərəl ˈɑrmər) hɪt pɔɪnts 51 18 51 18 spid 40 ft*., klaɪm 30 ft*., flaɪ 60 ft*. dɛks kɑn wɪs ʧɑ 19 4 15 2 16 3 2 4 13 1 7 2 skɪlz pərˈsɛpʃən 3 stɛlθ 4 pərˈsɛpʃən 3 stɛlθ 4 ˈdæmɪʤ ˌɪmˈjunɪtiz ˈreɪˌdiənt ˈreɪˌdiənt ˈsɛnsɪz ˈpæsɪv pərˈsɛpʃən 13 ˈpæsɪv pərˈsɛpʃən 13 ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz ˈʧælənʤ 3 700 xp*) ˈflaɪˌbaɪ. ðə bɛr ˈdəzənt prəˈvoʊk ˌɑpərˈtunəti əˈtæks wɪn ɪt flaɪz aʊt əv ən ˈɛnəmiz riʧ. kin smɛl. ðə bɛr həz ædˈvæntɪʤ ɔn ˈwɪzdəm (pərˈsɛpʃən) ʧɛks ðət rɪˈlaɪ ɔn smɛl. ˈækʃənz multiattack*. ðə bɛr meɪks tu əˈtæks: wən wɪθ ɪts baɪt ənd wən wɪθ ɪts klɔz. baɪt. ˈmeɪˌleɪ ˈwɛpən əˈtæk: 6 tɪ hɪt, riʧ 5 ft*., wən ˈtərgət. hɪt: 8 4 ˈpɪrsɪŋ ˈdæmɪʤ. klɔz. ˈmeɪˌleɪ ˈwɛpən əˈtæk: 6 tɪ hɪt, riʧ 5 ft*., wən ˈtərgət. hɪt: 11 4 sˈlæʃɪŋ ˈdæmɪʤ. ˈleɪzər aɪz (riˈʧɑrʤ ðə bɛr ʃuts ˈleɪzərz aʊt əv ɪts aɪz ɪn ə laɪn ðət ɪz 5 fit waɪd. iʧ ˈkriʧər ɪn ðət laɪn məst meɪk ə ˌdiˈsi 13 dɛkˈstɛrɪti ˈseɪvɪŋ θroʊ. ɔn ə feɪld seɪv, ə ˈkriʧər teɪks 27 ˈreɪˌdiənt ˈdæmɪʤ ənd ɪz ˈblaɪndɪd ənˈtɪl ðə ɛnd əv ðə bɛrz nɛkst tərn. ɔn ə səkˈsɛsfəl seɪv, ðə ˈkriʧər teɪks hæf ɛz məʧ ˈdæmɪʤ ənd ˈɪzənt ˈblaɪndɪd. ˈkrɛdɪts meɪd baɪ wɪθ ˈmaɪnər hɛlp frəm ˈdɪskɔrd əv ˈmɛni θɪŋz. aɪ ˈeɪbəl tɪ faɪnd ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈɔθər, bət ɪt bɪˈlɔŋz tɪ ðə kɔld ðə wərld əv synnibarr*.
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winged laser-eyed bears
magic has gone too far. lone wizard in his tower made something as scary as an owlbear - a bear that can fly and shoot lasers out of its eyes. whether it was a lost bet, a wild night that started by drinking too much, or something none of us could ever conceive, reason for their existence is a mystery.
winged predators. unlike common bears, you never know when to expect the winged laser-eyed bears to strike. they can fly high above the forests, much like eagles, and prefer to attack using their laser eyes from the distance, while avoiding the attacks of their foes.
monster of legend. existence of winged laser-eyed bears is a well-established fact, but what many don't know of is the myth of the woodsman and the bear.
in this story, the woodsman is attacked by a winged laser-eyed bear as he wants to cut down the greatest tree in a forest. woodsman tries to explain himself, saying he does not want his family to freeze to death during winter, so the two make a deal - if the woodsman can climb to the top of the forest and tie a grassblade to the highest branch of the forest, the bear will not only allow it to cut down the greatest tree in the forest, but also hunt enough food for the woodsman to ensure his family will never starve again. the woodsman agrees to the deal, and starts to climb up the tree. as he gets higher and higher, the bear flies by his side, watching carefully as to ensure that woodsman will not cheat. woodsman finds this very strange, seeing how bear did not specify any restrictions to this challenge, but he climbs on.
just like the prophets once said... it's the end times!
the woodsman ascends the tree, the branches getting thinner and thinner. he gets nervous, hoping none of them will break underneath his weight. it's just then that one indeed breaks, and the woodsman finds himself holding onto the tree with only one hand. down below him hundreds of feet fall to the ground.
moral of the story is this: do not trust talking winged laser-eyed bears.
winged laser-eyed bear large beast, unaligned armor class 15 (natural armor)
15 (natural armor) hit points 51 (6d10 + 18)
51 (6d10 + 18) speed 40 ft., climb 30 ft., fly 60 ft. str dex con int wis cha 19 (+4) 15 (+2) 16 (+3) 2 (-4) 13 (+1) 7 (-2) skills perception +3, stealth +4
perception +3, stealth +4 damage immunities radiant
radiant senses passive perception 13
passive perception 13 languages –
– challenge 3 (700 xp)
flyby. the bear doesn't provoke opportunity attacks when it flies out of an enemy's reach. keen smell. the bear has advantage on wisdom (perception) checks that rely on smell. actions multiattack. the bear makes two attacks: one with its bite and one with its claws. bite. melee weapon attack: +6 to hit, reach 5 ft., one target. hit: 8 (1d8 + 4) piercing damage. claws. melee weapon attack: +6 to hit, reach 5 ft., one target. hit: 11 (2d6 + 4) slashing damage. laser eyes (recharge 5-6). the bear shoots lasers out of its eyes in a 60-foot line that is 5 feet wide. each creature in that line must make a dc 13 dexterity saving throw. on a failed save, a creature takes 27 (6d8) radiant damage and is blinded until the end of the bear's next turn. on a successful save, the creature takes half as much damage and isn't blinded.
credits
made by /u/darude11 with minor help from discord of many things. i wasnt able to find the original author, but it belongs to the rpg called the world of synnibarr.
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ˈkælgəri həz kəm ə lɔŋ weɪ sɪns ɪt wɑz fərst ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ɛz ə taʊn weɪ bæk ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 7th*, 1884 æt ðət taɪm, ɪt hæd ə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ˈoʊnli 506 ˈpipəl. təˈdeɪ hoʊm tɪ ˈoʊvər ˈmɪljən, ənd ðət ˈnəmbər ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ groʊ baɪ tu pər sɛnt pər jɪr ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst ˈdɛkeɪd. ˈrɛzɪdənts əv ðə stæmˈpid ˈsɪti hæv, əv kɔrs, sin ðɪs groʊθ ˈmænəˌfɛstəd ɪn ðə ˈskaɪˌlaɪn, wɪʧ ʤɪst læst ˈsəmər ˈwɛlkəmd ðə ˈtɔlɪst ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ˈkænədə wɛst əv tərˈɑntoʊ. təˈdeɪ ˈsɛləˌbreɪtɪŋ ðə ˈkælgəri bum wɪθ ə pɪkˈtɔriəl lʊk bæk æt haʊ ðə ˈsɪti həz ɪˈvɑlvd ˈoʊvər ðə læst 100 jɪrz ər soʊ. ˈsɛntər strit brɪʤ ˈsiˈeɪ. 1943 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: 1949 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv soʊˈsaɪɪti ənˈnoʊn ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri 2013 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri taʊər ˈsiˈeɪ. 1968 1969 ˈfoʊˌtoʊz: ˈkælgəri taʊər 1975 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: 1988 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: 2012 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈsiˈeɪ. 1981 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: kəˈneɪdiən ˌʤiəˈgræfɪk leɪt ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri 2012 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: bərnz ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈsiˈeɪ. ənd 1963 ˈfoʊˌtoʊz: wikimedia*, ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri 2012 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈæˌlaɪd ˈprɑpərtiz ˈsɪti hɔl ˈsiˈeɪ. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈsɪti əv 1957 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri 2012 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈgugəl strit vju ˈfɛrˌmɑnt hoʊˈtɛl ˈsiˈeɪ. ənˈnoʊn ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ənˈnoʊn ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri 2012 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈgugəl strit vju ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈsiˈeɪ. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ənˈnoʊn ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ənˈnoʊn ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri 2013 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˌnɔrθˈwɛst ˈkælgəri ˈsiˈeɪ. 1906 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: 2013 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈsiˌbiˌɛs kɑn ˈɛkskəˌveɪtɪŋ ˈævəˌnu ənd seɪ ˈsiˈeɪ. 1960 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri 1966 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri 2012 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈgugəl strit vju ˈsɛntər strit ənd ˈævəˌnu ˈsiˈeɪ. 1965 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: maɪk ˈmɑrtɪn 2012 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈgugəl strit vju ˈævəˌnu ənd strit ˈsiˈeɪ. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri 2012 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈgugəl strit vju ˈævəˌnu ənd strit ˈsiˈeɪ. 1959 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri 2012 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈgugəl strit vju ˈævəˌnu ənd strit ˈsiˈeɪ. ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈkælgəri ˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪbrɛˌri 2012 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈgugəl strit vju ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn ˈsiˈeɪ. 1960 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: 2010 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ˈdɪlən
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calgary has come a long way since it was first incorporated as a town way back on november 7th, 1884. at that time, it had a population of only 506 people. today it’s home to over 1.15 million, and that number is expected to continue to grow by two per cent per year over the next decade.
residents of the stampede city have, of course, seen this growth manifested in the city’s ever-evolving skyline, which just last summer welcomed the tallest building in canada west of toronto.
today celebrating the calgary boom with a pictorial look back at how the city has evolved over the last 100 years or so.
centre street bridge ca. 1943
photo: kingsdude/dave/flickr
1949
photo: calgary heritage initiative society
unknown
photo: calgary public library
2013
photo: davebloggs007/flickr
calgary tower ca. 1968
1969
photos: calgary tower
1975
photo: imgur
1988
photo: woychukb/flickr
2012 photo: k.mckeown/flickr
saddledome ca. 1981
photo: canadian geographic
late 1980s
photo: calgary public library
2012
photo: cplgumby/flickr
burns building ca. 1930s and 1963
photos: wikimedia, calgary public library
2012
photo: allied properties
city hall ca. 1920s
photo: city of calgary/youtube
1957
photo: calgary public library
1990s
photo: calgary public library
2012
photo: google street view
fairmont palliser hotel ca. unknown
photo: calgary public library
unknown
photo: calgary public library
2012
photo: google street view
downtown ca. 1970s
photo: calgary public library
unknown
photo: calgary public library
unknown
photo: calgary public library
2013
photo: waynerd/flickr
northwest calgary ca. 1906
photo: calgary public library
1940s
photo: kingsdude/dave/flickr
2013
photo: cbs projects/blue con excavating
6th avenue and 1st se ca. 1960
photo: calgary public library
1966
photo: calgary public library
2012
photo: google street view
centre street and 3rd avenue ca. 1965
photo: mike martin wong/flickr
2012
photo: google street view
8th avenue and 1st street sw ca. 1950s
photo: calgary public library
2012
photo: google street view
8th avenue and 4st street sw ca. 1959
photo: calgary public library
2012
photo: google street view
6th avenue and 4th street sw ca. 1950s
photo: calgary public library
2012
photo: google street view
downtown ca. 1960
photo: sportsuburban/flickr
2010
photo: dillan k/flickr
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æt list 58 ˈpipəl daɪd ənd mɔr ðən 500 wər ˈɪnʤərd leɪt ˈsənˌdi ˈæftər ə ˈgənmən aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd baɪ pəˈlis ɛz ˈstivən ˈpædək ˈoʊpənd faɪər ɔn ðə rut 91 ˈhɑrvəst ˈfɛstɪvəl ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈmændəˌleɪ beɪ ɪn ˈɛˈleɪˈɛs ˈveɪgəs. ðə ˈstægərˌɪŋ lɔs əv laɪf meɪd ɪt ðə wərst mæs ˈʃutɪŋ ɪn ˈmɑdərn juz. ˈhɪstəri, sərˈpæsɪŋ ðə 2016 ˈʃutɪŋ æt ðə pəls ˈnaɪtˌkləb ɪn ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ, ɪn wɪʧ ˈoʊmɑr kɪld 49 ˈpipəl. ðə əˈtæk həz spɑrkt ə fəˈmɪljər pəˈlɪtɪkəl dəˈbeɪt ˈoʊvər gən kənˈtroʊl ənd həz ˌəndərˈskɔrd ə ˈsɪmpəl, ˌɪndɪˈspjutəbəl fækt: ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əv əˈmɛrɪkə həz ə lɔt əv gənz. mɔr ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈkəntri ɪn ðə wərld, ɪn fækt, baɪ ˈɛni ˈmɛʒər. ðə brif ˈnuzˌlɛtər saɪn əp tɪ rɪˈsiv ðə tɔp ˈstɔriz ju nid tɪ noʊ raɪt naʊ. vju ˈsæmpəl saɪn əp naʊ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈsɪtɪzənz oʊn ˈhənərdz əv ˈmɪljənz mɔr ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz ðən ðə ˈrɛzɪdənts əv ðə nɛkst ˈkloʊsəst ˈkəntri, ˈɪndiə, ənd mɔr ðən 88 taɪmz ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈwɛpənz ɛz ɔˈstreɪljə, ə ˈkəntri huz gən kənˈtroʊl ˈpɑləsi ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə həz ˈfrikwɛntli preɪzd. taɪm ɪgˈzæmənd 10 ˈkəntriz əˈkrɔs ðə wərld ənd ðɛr gən lɔz, səˈplaɪ ənd ðə rɪˈzəlt ʃoʊz ʤɪst haʊ məʧ əv ən əˈnɑməli juz. gən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ɪz, ɪn pɑrt əv kɔrs bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz wən əv ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈneɪʃənz ðət ɪkˈstɛndz səm fɔrm əv ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl raɪt tɪ bɛr ɑrmz. ðə ˈkəntriz bɪˈloʊ ər ˈɔrdərd frəm fjuəst ˈnəmbər əv ˈtoʊtəl gənz tɪ moʊst. (rɛd mɔr əˈbaʊt ɑr ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi æt ˈbɑtəm.) ʤəˈpæn həz səm əv ðə ˈoʊldəst gən riˈstrɪkʃənz ɪn ðə wərld, ˈdeɪtɪŋ bæk tɪ ˈfaɪˌrɑrm kənˈtroʊlz ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri. ˈdeɪvɪd ɛl. haʊəl, prəˈfɛsər əv ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈhɪstəri æt ˈhɑrvərd ˌjunəˈvərsəti, sɛd ðə riˈstrɪktɪd ðə ˌmænjəˈfækʧər əv gənz ənd bænd moʊst ˈpraɪvət ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp. ðoʊz ˈmɛʒərz ˈifɛktɪvli kwɔʃt ˈɛni ʧæns əv ˌʤæpəˈniz gən ˈkəlʧər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkoʊpəl, ə ˈsɛkənd əˈmɛndmənt ˈskɑlər ənd ˈɔθər əv ðə ˈsæmʊˌraɪ, ðə mountie*, ənd ðə ˈkaʊˌbɔɪ: ʃʊd əˈmɛrɪkə əˈdɑpt ðə gən lɔz əv ˈəðər dɪˈmɑkrəsiz? ˈkɑrənt lɔz ˈifɛktɪvli bæn ɔl bət ˈhəntɪŋ gənz ənd ˈraɪfəlz fər ˈtərgət ˈʃutɪŋ ənd ˌrikˈwaɪər ə klin bɪl əv ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ, ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən riˈstrɪkʃənz ənd ˌɪnˈspɛkʃənz baɪ əˈθɔrətiz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ oʊn ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz. sɔrt əv laɪk haʊ ˈpipəl laɪk ju ənd aɪ maɪt fil əˈbaʊt sɑrɪn gas,”*,” ˈkoʊpəl, hu ˈɔlsoʊ sərvz ɛz rɪˈzərv dɪˈrɛktər æt ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ˈɪnstɪˌtut, ə θɪŋk tæŋk ðət həz rɪˈsivd grænt ˈməni frəm ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈraɪfəl ˈsɪvəl raɪts dɪˈfɛns fənd, toʊld taɪm ɪn 2016 wɪn ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɑz fərst ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðə ɔˈrlænˌdoʊ ˈʃutɪŋ. θɪŋk wʊd ə ˈpərsən oʊn one?’”*?’” ɔˈstreɪljə, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈkɑləni, həz ə strɔŋ frənˈtɪr ˈspɪrɪt laɪk ðə ðə tu ˈkəntriz hæv ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt ˈætəˌtudz ɔn gənz, əˈspɛʃəli wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns. ˈneɪmli, ɔˈstreɪljən lɔ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns tɪ bi ə ˈrizənəbəl ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən fər ˈoʊnɪŋ ə gən, ˈfɪlɪp ˈælpərz, ən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt prəˈfɛsər æt ðə ˈsɪdni skul əv ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, ənd ˈfaʊndɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər əv gunpolicy.org*, ə kənˈtroʊl ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ðət prəˈmoʊts ə health”*” əˈproʊʧ tɪ rɪˈdusɪŋ gən ˈvaɪələns, sɛd ɪn 2016 ənd lɑrʤ ˈpipəl ər ˈhɔrəˌfaɪd æt ðət thought,”*,” hi ju maɪt gɪt ə ˈrɑbəri æt ə ənd ˈsəmˌwən səˈʤɛsts ju ʃʊd bi əˈlaʊd tɪ kip gənz ɔn ðə ˈprɛməsəz, ɔl hɛl breɪks lus ɪn ðə media.”*.” ɔˈrɛdi loʊ gən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp reɪt drɑpt ˈfərðər wɪn ə speɪt əv mæs ˈʃutɪŋz ɪn ðə lɛd tɪ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn ðə ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp əv ˈraɪfəlz, ˈhændˌgənz ənd ˈʃɑtˌgənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈweɪtɪŋ ˈpɪriəd, ˈbaɪˌbæk ˈproʊˌgræmz, ə ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˈrizən fər ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ənd pəˈlis ˌɪnˈspɛkʃənz ˌbiˈfɔr ə ˈlaɪsəns kən bi ˈgrænɪd. ˈɪŋglənd həz ˈifɛktɪvli bænd səˈvɪljən ˈhændˌgənz ɪnˈtaɪərli (ˌbiˈfɔr 2008 ˈivɪn oʊˈlɪmpɪk ˈpɪstəl ˈʃutərz ˈpræktɪst ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈkəntri) ənd ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ə ˈʃɑtˌgən ər ˈhəntɪŋ ˈraɪfəl rikˈwaɪərz ˈɪntərvˌjuz wɪθ ðə pəˈlis ənd ə reason.”*.” ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns ɪz nɑt ən ækˈsɛptɪd ˈænsər. ˈɪŋglənd ˈɔlsoʊ həz ə lɔŋ ˈhɪstəri əv ˈlɪmətɪŋ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz. ðə ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz ækt əv 1920 əˈlaʊd ˈloʊkəl lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt tɪ dɪˈnaɪ gən ˈlaɪsənsɪz æt ðɛr dɪˈskrɛʃən. ɔn ə pər ˈkæpɪtə ˈbeɪsɪs, sˈwɪtsərlənd, ðə ˈtaɪni ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈneɪʃən həz ðə θərd haɪəst reɪt əv ˈfaɪˌrɑrm ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ɪn ðə wərld, wɪθ lɛs riˈstrɪktɪv gən lɔz ðət əˈlaʊ ˈɛniˌwən ˈoʊvər ðə eɪʤ əv 18 wɪˈθaʊt ə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈrɛkərd ər ə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈmɛntəl ˈɪlnəs tɪ oʊn ə ˌsɛmɪˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˈwɛpən. strɔŋ gən ˈkəlʧər ɪz ˈrutɪd ɪn ɪts ˈhɪstəri əv dɪˈfɛns, rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ɔl mɛn tɪ du ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ðoʊz hu sərv ər ər əˈlaʊd tɪ kip ðɛr ˈwɛpənz æt hoʊm. ˈivɪn wɪθ mɔr ðən 3 ˈmɪljən ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz ɪn ˈsərkjəˌleɪʃən, gən ˈhɑməˌsaɪd reɪt ɪz 15 taɪmz loʊər ðən ðət əv ðə juz., əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ gunpolicy.org*. ˈkænədə straɪks ə ˈmɪdəl graʊnd bɪtˈwin strɪkt ˌjʊrəˈpiən gən kənˈtroʊl lɔz ənd ðə ˈlusər əˈmɛrɪkən ˈmɑdəl, rikˈwaɪərɪŋ prəˈspɛktɪv gən ˈoʊnərz tɪ ˌəndərˈgoʊ ə ˈtreɪnɪŋ kɔrs ənd ə ˈweɪtɪŋ ˈpɪriəd, əˈlɔŋ wɪθ əˈdɪʃənəl riˈstrɪkʃənz fər ðoʊz hu wɔnt tɪ baɪ ˈhændˌgənz ənd səm ˌsɛmɪˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˈraɪfəlz. ˈlaɪsənsɪz tɪ ˈkɛri meɪ bi dɪˈnaɪd baɪ əˈfɪʃəlz fər ˈɛni ənd səˈfɪʃənt reason.”*.” waɪl ˈkænədə ʃɛrz frənˈtɪr ˈhɪstəri, ðə juz. ənd ɪts ˈnɔrðərn ˈneɪbər lɔŋ əˈgoʊ wɛnt ˈsɛpərˌeɪt weɪz wɪn ɪt keɪm tɪ gənz, ˈpɑrtli bɪˈkəz ðə ˈsɛtəlmənt əv kəˈneɪdiən ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri wɑz mɔr ““managed,”*,” wɪθ ˈmaʊntiz ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ˈɔrdər ənd trəst ɪn ˈgəvərnmənt, bleɪk braʊn, ˈɔθər əv ˈɑrmɪŋ ənd dɪˈsɑrmɪŋ: ə ˈhɪstəri əv gən kənˈtroʊl ɪn ˈkænədə, sɛd ɪn 2016 səm kəˈneɪdiənz ɪn ðə leɪt ˈsɛnʧəri səˈpɔrt fər ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl raɪt tɪ bɛr ɑrmz, bət ðət streɪn wɪˈθɪn kəˈneɪdiən ˈθɪŋkɪŋ drɑpt away,”*,” braʊn sɛd. ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri] ju ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ hæv kəˈneɪdiənz hu aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd gən raɪts ɛz ə ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin kəˈneɪdiənz ənd əˈmɛrɪkənz ənd kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˈkəlʧərəl vju əv θɔt ðət, ˈsəmˌhaʊ, ˈdɪfərənt ðən əˈmɛrɪkənz ɪn tərmz əv firearms.”*.” ˈjɛmən ɪz wən əv ðə ˈoʊnli ˈkəntriz ɪn ðə wərld wɛr məˈʃin bi ˈpərʧəst wɪˈθaʊt riˈstrɪkʃən. ə hɪˈstɔrɪkəli wik ˈsɛntrəl ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ə ˈsɪvəl ˈnɛvər ˈɛksərˌsaɪzd məʧ kənˈtroʊl bɪɔnd ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈsɛnərz. gənz hæv ˈɔlsoʊ fɔrmd ə ˈkərənsi əv sɔrts ɪn ˈjɛmən, sɪns ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ bɪˈgæn baɪɪŋ əˈliʤəns frəm ˈtraɪbəl ˈlidərz wɪθ lɑrʤ ˈʃɪpmənts əv ˈwɛpənz ɪn ðə 1950s*, klaɪv ʤoʊnz, ˈdɛpjəti hɛd əv ðə skul əv ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl əˈfɛrz æt ˈdʊˈrhæm ˌjunəˈvərsəti ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm, sɛd ɪn 2016 ðət trəˈdɪʃən kənˈtɪnjuz təˈdeɪ, wɪθ ˈfɔrmər ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈjɛmən ˈɑli ˌæbˈdələ ˈsɑlɛh ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ˈlɔɪəlti wɪθ gən ˈʃɪpmənts. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz hæv bɪˈkəm ɔl bət juˈbɪkwɪtəs. ˈvɛri rɛr ˈsərtənli ɛz ju goʊ tɪ ˈrʊrəl pɑrts əv ˈjɛmən ðət ju wʊd si ə meɪl nɑt ˈkɛriɪŋ səm fɔrm əv weapon,”*,” ʤoʊnz sɛd. ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ, baɪɪŋ ə ˈfaɪˌrɑrm ˈligəli ɪz mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt ðən ɪn ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈneɪʃən. ˈdɪlɪʤənt ˈsɪtɪzənz hu ˈmænɪʤ tɪ faɪl ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈpeɪpərˌwərk tɪ əbˈteɪn ə gən ˈlaɪsəns məst ˈtrævəl tɪ ˈoʊnli gən stɔr, ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈsɪti, wɛr ðeɪ meɪ ˈpərʧəs ə ˈwɛpən ənd ə bɑks əv ˈbʊləts. dɪˈspaɪt ðiz strɪkt lɔz, ˈmɛni ˈmɛksɪkənz ˈbaɪˌpæs ðə əˈfɪʃəl prəˈsiʤərz ənd ˈpərʧəs gənz frəm ðə market”*” səˈplaɪd baɪ kərəpt əˈfɪʃəlz ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ɑrmz ˈtræfɪkərz. ˈpipəl ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn səm rəf ˈsɪti goʊ θru ə ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ðət goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt ðət ɪˈfɪʃəntli fər ˈɛniˌwən ənd wɪl bi ˈprɪti ˈhɑstəl fər them,”*,” ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns ˈkoʊpəl sɛd, ðeɪ gɪt ə gən fər prəˈtɛkʃən illegally.”*.” drəg kɑrˈtɛlz hæv ˈɔlsoʊ hæd noʊ ˈtrəbəl əkˈwaɪərɪŋ ɪˈnəf ˈwɛpənz tɪ ˈkɛri aʊt ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈhɑməˌsaɪdz. kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈneɪbərz, ˈʤərməni həz ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv gənz ɪn ˈpəblɪk hænz. bət ðɛr ər strɪkt rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm hu kən oʊn gənz tɪ haʊ ðoʊz gənz ər stɔrd. tɪ oʊn ə gən, ˈʤərmənz məst pruv ðɛr ˌɛkspərˈtiz wɪθ ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz, ˌəndərˈgoʊ ə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈbækˌgraʊnd ʧɛk (ənd ə ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən ɪf ˈəndər 25 ʃoʊ ðeɪ ər nɑt dɪˈpɛndənt ɔn ˈælkəˌhɑl ər drəgz ənd ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ə nid fər ðə ˈivɪn ðɛn, ðeɪ məst mit ə təf ““reliability”*” ˈstændərd ðət ˌɪnˈkludz səˈbʤɛktɪv ənd əˈbʤɛktɪv ˈrizənz fər rɪfˈjuzəl. ðə ˈʤərmən ˈwɛpənz əˈθɔrəti meɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkɛri aʊt ˈrændəm ˌɪnˈspɛkʃənz əv gən owners’*’ hoʊmz tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðeɪ ər ɪn kəmˈplaɪəns wɪθ ðə lɔ. ˈɪndiə ɪz ˈsɛkənd ˈoʊnli tɪ ðə juz. ɪn tərmz əv ˈtoʊtəl səˈvɪljən gən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp, bət wɪθ ə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈrəfli fɔr taɪmz ɛz lɑrʤ, ðə ˈkəntri ˈæˌkʧuəli həz fjuər gənz pər ˈkæpɪtə ðən loʊ ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ˈneɪʃənz laɪk ɔˈstreɪljə. ðət stɛmz frəm ˈstrɪnʤənt kəˈloʊniəl ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz kənˈtroʊlz pʊt ɪn pleɪs ˈæftər ðə 1857 ˈɪndiən rɪˈbɛljən əˈgɛnst ðə ist ˈɪndiə ˈtreɪdɪŋ rul, satia*, ə ˈstænfərd ˈhɪstəri prəˈfɛsər ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪzɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɛmpaɪər ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ənd saʊθ ˈeɪʒə, sɛd ɪn 2016 ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə rɪˈbɛljən, gənz wər ˈstrɪktli kənˈtroʊld baɪ ðə ˈsɛntrəl ˈgəvərnmənt, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈfaɪˌrɑrm ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ˈifɛktɪvli ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl fər ɔl bət ðə ˈrulɪŋ ɪˈlit. də, ə ˈhɪstəri prəˈfɛsər æt jeɪl, sɛd ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈɪndiən ˈnæʃənəlɪst məˈhɑtmə səˈpɔrtɪd əˈlaʊɪŋ mɔr gən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp, bət ˈbrutəl ˈvaɪələns bɪtˈwin ˈməzlɪmz ənd ˈhɪnˌduz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈstrəgəl fər ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns riˈmuvd ɪt frəm ðə əˈʤɛndə. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ðə lɔz kənˈtɪnjud ðə kəˈloʊniəl trəˈdɪʃən əv strɔŋ gən kənˈtroʊl, riˈstrɪktɪŋ ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz, əˈlaʊɪŋ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ə ˈlaɪsəns fər ˈɛni ˈrizən ənd rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ɔl ˈlaɪsənsɪz tɪ bi rɪˈnud ˈæftər θri jɪrz. əˈmɛrɪkənz oʊn mɔr gənz, ənd ˈdræstɪkli mɔr gənz pər ˈkæpɪtə, ðən ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈpipəl ɪn ðə wərld. ɪn fækt, ðə juz. həz mɔr ˈtoʊtəl ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz ðən ðə 23 ˈkəntriz ðət ræŋk bɪˈhaɪnd ɪt kəmˈbaɪnd. væst səˈvɪljən kæˈʃeɪ əv ɑrmz kən ˈpɑrtli bi əˈtrɪbjətəd tɪ lɛs riˈstrɪktɪv gən lɔz. waɪl ˈfɛdərəl ˈbækˌgraʊnd ʧɛks ər mɛnt ɪkˈsklud ˈfɛlənz ənd ðoʊz wɪθ ə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈmɛntəl ˈɪlnəs, baɪərz kən skərt ðə ʧɛk baɪ ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz frəm kəˈlɛktərz ər ˈəðərz nɑt kənˈsɪdərd ɪn ðə ˈbɪznɪs əv ˈsɛlɪŋ ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz, hu ər nɑt rikˈwaɪərd tɪ rən ˈbækˌgraʊnd rɪˈpɔrts. ˈivɪn ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈmɪnəməl ˈhərdəlz tɪ gən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ər ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈrisənt: ðə ˈbreɪdi ˈhændˌgən ˈvaɪələns priˈvɛnʃən ækt, pæst ɪn 1993 wɑz ðə fərst lɔ ðət ˈmænˌdeɪtɪd ˈfɛdərəl ˈbækˌgraʊnd ʧɛks ɔn gən ˈpərʧəsɪz frəm ˈlaɪsənst ˈdilərz. nu ˈfʊli ˌɔtəˈmætɪk məˈʃin gənz kʊd bi ˈligəli bɔt ənˈtɪl ðə ˈpæsɪʤ əv ðə ˈfaɪˌrɑrm ˈoʊnərz prəˈtɛkʃən ækt ɪn 1986 ðə ˈdɛdli 2012 ˈsændi hʊk skul ˈʃutɪŋ, ɪn wɪʧ ə ˈgənmən kɪld 20 ˈʧɪldrən ənd sɪks ˈædəlts æt ə kəˈnɛtəkət skul, lɛd tɪ ə rɪˈnud pʊʃ fər riˈstrɪkʃənz. bət ˈivɪn ə baɪˈpɑrtɪzən ˈmɛʒər ðət wʊd hæv ɪkˈspændɪd ˈbækˌgraʊnd ʧɛks ɔn gən seɪlz feɪld ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt. ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi ɔl ˈnæʃənəl gən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ˈfɪgjərz kəm frəm ðə 2007 smɔl ɑrmz ˈsərˌveɪ, ˈdætə frəm wɪʧ hæv nɑt bɪn ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd sɪns. ðə ˈsərˌveɪ siks tɪ ˈɛstəˌmeɪt ɔl ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz, ˈligəl ər ˌɪˈligəl, hɛld ɪn səˈvɪljən hænz θru ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈɪndəˌkeɪtərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ gən ˌrɛʤɪˈstreɪʃən, ˈɛkspərt ˈɛstəˌmeɪts, ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˈsərˌveɪz, pəˈlis ˈfaɪˌrɑrm ˈsiʒərz, ənd ˈdætə ɔn ˈtoʊtəl ˈfaɪˌrɑrm pərˈdəkʃən, ˌɪmˈpɔrts ənd ˈɛkspɔrts. waɪl ðə ˈnəmbər əv gənz həz ənˈdaʊtɪdli ʧeɪnʤd ɪn səm ˈneɪʃənz sɪns ðə ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃən, ˈɛrən kɑrp, ˈsinjər kənˈsəltənt fər ðə smɔl ɑrmz ˈsərˌveɪ, noʊts ðət moʊst countries’*’ səˈvɪljən ˈɑrsənəlz hæv steɪd ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈsteɪbəl ˈoʊvər ðə ˌɪntərˈvinɪŋ ðə ɪkˈsɛpʃən əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, wɛr gən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp həz sin ðə moʊst groʊθ. ðə 2007 ˈnəmbərz wər juzd tɪ ˈɪləˌstreɪt əˈmɛrɪkən gən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp ɪn ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛst əv ˈkipɪŋ tɪ ə kənˈsɪstənt ˈdætə sɛt əˈkrɔs ˈkəntriz (ˈnəmbərz ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ɛz ˈfrikwɛntli ɪn səm ˈəðər ˈkəntriz). bət əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə kənˈgrɛʃənəl ˈrisərʧ ˈsərvɪs, ðə juz. həz æt list 310 ˈmɪljən gənz əˈveɪləbəl tɪ səˈvɪljənz ɪn 2009 fər ə reɪt əv gənz pər 100 ðə 270 ˈmɪljən ˈtoʊtəl gənz ənd gənz pər 100 faʊnd ɪn ðə 2007 ˈsərˌveɪ ənd dɪˈspleɪd əˈbəv. waɪl ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv ˈɛstəˌmeɪts, səʧ ɛz ðoʊz prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə smɔl ɑrmz ˈsərˌveɪ, ˌɪnˈhɛrəntli ˈsækrəˌfaɪs səm ˈlɛvəl əv ˈækjərəsi, ðeɪ peɪnt ə ˈbrɔdli ˈminɪŋfəl ˈpɪkʧər əv gən ˈoʊnərˌʃɪp. rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə tɔp raɪt tɪ ˈtɛsə ˈbɛrɪnsən æt tessa.berenson@time.com*.
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at least 58 people died and more than 500 were injured late sunday after a gunman identified by police as stephen paddock opened fire on the route 91 harvest festival outside the mandalay bay in las vegas. the staggering loss of life made it the worst mass shooting in modern u.s. history, surpassing the 2016 shooting at the pulse nightclub in orlando, in which omar mateen killed 49 people.
the attack has sparked a familiar political debate over gun control and has underscored a simple, indisputable fact: the united states of america has a lot of guns.
more than any other country in the world, in fact, by any measure.
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american citizens own hundreds of millions more firearms than the residents of the next closest country, india, and more than 88 times the number of weapons as australia, a country whose gun control policy former president obama has frequently praised.
time examined 10 countries across the world and their gun laws, supply and culture—and the result shows just how much of an anomaly u.s. gun ownership is, in part of course because it is one of a handful of nations that extends some form of constitutional right to bear arms. the countries below are ordered from fewest number of total guns to most. (read more about our methodology at bottom.)
japan has some of the oldest gun restrictions in the world, dating back to firearm controls implemented in the 16th century. david l. howell, professor of japanese history at harvard university, said the shogunate restricted the manufacture of guns and banned most private ownership. those measures effectively quashed any chance of japanese gun culture, according to david kopel, a second amendment scholar and author of the samurai, the mountie, and the cowboy: should america adopt the gun laws of other democracies? japan’s current laws effectively ban all but hunting guns and air-powered rifles for target shooting and require a clean bill of mental health, ammunition restrictions and inspections by authorities in order to own firearms. “it’s sort of like how people like you and i might feel about sarin gas,” kopel, who also serves as reserve director at the independence institute, a think tank that has received grant money from the national rifle association’s civil rights defense fund, told time in 2016 when this article was first published in the wake of the orlando shooting. “they think ‘why would a person own one?’”
australia, a former british colony, has a strong frontier spirit like the u.s.—but the two countries have very different attitudes on guns, especially when it comes to self-defense. namely, australian law doesn’t recognize self-defense to be a reasonable justification for owning a gun, philip alpers, an associate professor at the sydney school of public health in australia, and founding director of gunpolicy.org, a pro-gun control website that promotes a “public health” approach to reducing gun violence, said in 2016. “by and large people are horrified at that thought,” he said.“when you might get a robbery at a 7-eleven and someone suggests you should be allowed to keep guns on the premises, all hell breaks loose in the media.”
australia’s already low gun ownership rate dropped further when a spate of mass shootings in the 1990s led to significant restrictions on the ownership of semi-automatic rifles, handguns and pump-action shotguns, including a 28-day waiting period, buyback programs, a genuine reason for ownership and in-person police inspections before a license can be granted.
england has effectively banned civilian handguns entirely (before 2008, even england’s olympic pistol shooters practiced outside the country) and purchasing a shotgun or hunting rifle requires interviews with the police and a “good reason.” self-defense is not an accepted answer. england also has a long history of limiting access to firearms. the firearms act of 1920 allowed local law enforcement to deny gun licenses at their discretion.
on a per capita basis, switzerland, the tiny european nation has the third highest rate of firearm ownership in the world, with less restrictive gun laws that allow anyone over the age of 18 without a criminal record or a history of mental illness to own a semiautomatic weapon. switzerland’s strong gun culture is rooted in its history of defense, requiring all men to do military service—and those who serve are are allowed to keep their weapons at home. even with more than 3 million firearms in circulation, switzerland’s gun homicide rate is 15 times lower than that of the u.s., according to gunpolicy.org.
canada strikes a middle ground between strict european gun control laws and the looser american model, requiring prospective gun owners to undergo a training course and a 28-day waiting period, along with additional restrictions for those who want to buy handguns and some semiautomatic rifles. licenses to carry may be denied by officials for any “good and sufficient reason.”
while canada shares america’s frontier history, the u.s. and its northern neighbor long ago went separate ways when it came to guns, partly because the settlement of canadian territory was more “managed,” with mounties establishing order and trust in government, blake brown, author of arming and disarming: a history of gun control in canada, said in 2016. some canadians in the late 19th century “voiced support for an individual right to bear arms, but that strain within canadian thinking dropped away,” brown said. “[later in the century] you started to have canadians who identified gun rights as a difference between canadians and americans and created a cultural view of thought that, somehow, we’re different than americans in terms of firearms.”
yemen is one of the only countries in the world where firearms—including machine guns—can be purchased without restriction. a historically weak central government—currently engaged in a civil war—has never exercised much control beyond a handful of population centers.
guns have also formed a currency of sorts in yemen, since the british began buying allegiance from tribal leaders with large shipments of weapons in the 1950s, clive jones, deputy head of the school of government and international affairs at durham university in the united kingdom, said in 2016. that tradition continues today, with former president of yemen ali abdullah saleh purchasing loyalty with gun shipments. as a result, firearms have become all but ubiquitous. “it’s very rare certainly as you go to rural parts of yemen that you would see a male not carrying some form of weapon,” jones said.
in mexico, buying a firearm legally is more difficult than in almost any other nation. diligent citizens who manage to file the necessary paperwork to obtain a gun license must travel to mexico’s only gun store, located in mexico city, where they may purchase a weapon and a box of bullets.
despite these strict laws, many mexicans bypass the official procedures and purchase guns from the country’s “large non-official market” supplied by corrupt officials and international arms traffickers. “poor people living in some rough city can’t go through a licensing system that isn’t going to operate that efficiently for anyone and will be pretty hostile for them,” the independence institute’s kopel said, “so they get a gun for protection illegally.” drug cartels have also had no trouble acquiring enough weapons to carry out thousands of homicides.
compared to european neighbors, germany has a large number of guns in public hands. but there are strict requirements regulating everything from who can own guns to how those guns are stored. to own a gun, germans must prove their expertise with firearms, undergo a criminal background check (and a psychiatric evaluation if under 25), show they are not dependent on alcohol or drugs and demonstrate a need for the weapon—and even then, they must meet a tough “reliability” standard that includes subjective and objective reasons for refusal. the german weapons authority may also carry out random inspections of gun owners’ homes to make sure they are in compliance with the law.
india is second only to the u.s. in terms of total civilian gun ownership, but with a population roughly four times as large, the country actually has fewer guns per capita than low ownership nations like australia. that stems from stringent colonial firearms controls put in place after the 1857 indian rebellion against the east india trading company’s rule, priya satia, a stanford history professor specializing in the british empire in the middle east and south asia, said in 2016. following the rebellion, guns were strictly controlled by the central government, making firearm ownership effectively impossible for all but the ruling elite. rohit de, a history professor at yale, said members of the indian nationalist movement—including mahatma gandhi—initially supported allowing more gun ownership, but brutal violence between muslims and hindus during the struggle for independence removed it from the agenda. instead, the nation’s post-independence laws continued the colonial tradition of strong gun control, restricting semi-automatic firearms, allowing the government to deny a license for any reason and requiring all licenses to be renewed after three years.
americans own more guns, and drastically more guns per capita, than any other people in the world. in fact, the u.s. has more total firearms than the 23 countries that rank behind it combined.
america’s vast civilian cache of arms can partly be attributed to less restrictive gun laws. while federal background checks are meant exclude felons and those with a history of mental illness, buyers can skirt the check by purchasing firearms from collectors or others not considered in the business of selling firearms, who are not required to run background reports.
even america’s relatively minimal hurdles to gun ownership are relatively recent: the brady handgun violence prevention act, passed in 1993, was the first law that mandated federal background checks on gun purchases from licensed dealers. new fully automatic machine guns could be legally bought until the passage of the firearm owners protection act in 1986. the deadly 2012 sandy hook school shooting, in which a gunman killed 20 children and six adults at a connecticut school, led to a renewed push for restrictions. but even a bipartisan measure that would have expanded background checks on gun sales failed in the senate.
methodology
all national gun ownership figures come from the 2007 small arms survey, data from which have not been updated since. the survey seeks to estimate all firearms, legal or illegal, held in civilian hands through a number of indicators, including gun registration, expert estimates, household surveys, police firearm seizures, and data on total firearm production, imports and exports. while the number of guns has undoubtedly changed in some nations since the data’s publication, aaron karp, senior consultant for the small arms survey, notes that most countries’ civilian arsenals have stayed relatively stable over the intervening years—with the exception of the united states, where gun ownership has seen the most growth. the 2007 numbers were used to illustrate american gun ownership in the interest of keeping to a consistent data set across countries (numbers aren’t updated as frequently in some other countries). but according to the congressional research service, the u.s. has at least 310 million guns available to civilians in 2009 for a rate of 1.01 guns per 100 people—not the 270 million total guns and 88.8 guns per 100 found in the 2007 survey and displayed above. while comprehensive estimates, such as those provided by the small arms survey, inherently sacrifice some level of accuracy, they paint a broadly meaningful picture of gun ownership.
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write to tessa berenson at tessa.berenson@time.com.
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wɪnd paʊər həz nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz hæd ən ˈizi taɪm ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ˈɔntu ə pəˈsɪfɪk ˌnɔrθˈwɛst grɪd ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ ˈhaɪdroʊˌpaʊr. bət leɪt ɪn ðə ˌæftərˈnun ɔn mɑrʧ 11 ðə ˈtərbaɪnz, ˈmoʊstli ˈkləstərd nɪr ðət wɪnd ˈtənəl kɔld ðə kəˈləmbiə ˈrɪvər gɔrʤ, spən fæst ənd fˈjʊriəs ənd grɪd ˈɔpərˌeɪtərz faʊnd rum fər ə ˈrɛkərd ˈmɛgəˌwɑts (mw*). haʊ məʧ ɪz mw*? mɔr ðən ˈdəbəl ðə ˈɛnərʤi ðət ðə koʊl, gæs ənd ˈnukliər plænts kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ðə ˈbɑnəˌvɪl paʊər ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈsɪstəm wər prəˈvaɪdɪŋ æt ðə taɪm, sɛd. fər, wɪʧ oʊnz ənd ˈɑpərˌeɪts θˌrikˈwɔrtərz əv ðə haɪ ˈvoʊltɪʤ trænzˈmɪʃən, ðə nuz ˈɔfərd ðə ˈwɛlkəm ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ʃoʊ ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz ˈæftər mənθs əv ˈkɑnflɪkt wɪθ wɪnd prəˈdusərz ˈoʊvər ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə grɪd. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ kənˈtroʊlɪŋ moʊst əv ðə trænzˈmɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈriʤən, sɛlz paʊər frəm ˈdəzənz əv ˈfɛdərəl ˈhaɪˌdroʊ ˈprɑʤɛkts ɪn ðə ˌnɔrθˈwɛst, ənd ɪt həz feɪst kleɪmz əv ˈfeɪvərɪŋ ɪts oʊn paʊər ˈsɔrsəz ˈoʊvər wɪnd. læst dɪˈsɛmbər, ˈfɛdərəl ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz sɛd ˈæktɪd ənˈfɛrli ɪn ˈʃətɪŋ ɔf wɪnd paʊər ɪn spərɪŋ 2011 wɪn ə bɪg geɪv ɪt mɔr ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti ðən ðə ˈeɪʤənsi sɛd ɪt ˈnidɪd. ˈækʃən ðɛn wɑz əˈpoʊzd baɪ wɪnd ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtərz, lɛd baɪ ˈpɔrtlənd, renewables*, ˈmɛni əv hum lɔst ˈfɛdərəl pərˈdəkʃən tæks ˈkrɛdɪts ənd steɪt riˈnuəbəl ˈɛnərʤi sərˈtɪfɪkəts wɪn ðɛr ˈtərbaɪnz wər ʃət daʊn ənd hu ˈwərid ðət ˈpɑləsi kʊd sɛt ə ˈprɛsɪdənt ðət wʊd ˈstaɪfəl fˈjuʧər səˈpɔrt fər ðə ˈɪndəstri ɪn ðə ˈriʤən.
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wind power has not always had an easy time making it onto a pacific northwest grid dominated by hydropower. but late in the afternoon on march 11, the turbines, mostly clustered near that wind tunnel called the columbia river gorge, spun fast and furious and grid operators found room for a record 4,039 megawatts (mw).
how much is 4,039 mw? more than double the energy that the coal, gas and nuclear plants connected to the bonneville power administration system were providing at the time, bpa said.
for bpa, which owns and operates three-quarters of the northwest’s high voltage transmission, the news offered the welcome opportunity to show itself as wind-friendly after months of conflict with wind producers over access to the grid.
in addition to controlling most of the transmission in the region, bpa sells power from dozens of federal hydro projects in the northwest, and it has faced claims of favoring its own power sources over wind. last december, federal regulators said bpa acted unfairly in shutting off wind power in spring 2011 when a big snowmelt gave it more electricity than the agency said it needed.
bpa’s action then was opposed by wind generators, led by portland, ore.-based iberdrola renewables, many of whom lost federal production tax credits and state renewable energy certificates when their turbines were shut down and who worried that bpa’s policy could set a precedent that would stifle future support for the industry in the region.
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ə ˈbəʤɪt ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən bɪl ɪz ən ənˈlaɪkli ənd ˈmɛni wʊd seɪ ˌɪnəˈproʊpriɪt pleɪs tɪ meɪk ˈmeɪʤər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ kəˈneɪdiən ˈpraɪvəsi lɔ. jɛt bɪl ðə bɪl ðət ɪz sɛt tɪ swip θru ðə haʊs əv ˈkɑmənz, dɪz ʤɪst ðət. ðə ˈɑmnəbəs ˈbəʤɪt bɪl ˈtəʧɪz ɔn ə waɪd reɪnʤ əv ˈɪʃuz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkɑpiˌraɪt tərm ɪkˈstɛnʃən ənd ˌrɛtroʊˈæktɪv rɪˈfɔrmz tɪ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən lɔz. bət ðɛr ər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈpraɪvəsi əˈmɛndmənts ðət hæv rɪˈsivd ˈlɪtəl əˈtɛnʃən. ɪn fækt, ðə ˈpraɪvəsi kəˈmɪʃənər əv ˈkænədə wɑz nɑt ˈivɪn ˈgrænɪd ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ əˈpɪr ˌbiˈfɔr ðə kəˈmɪti ðət ““studied”*” ðə bɪl, ˈminɪŋ ðət ˈpraɪvəsi wɑz nɑt dɪˈskəst nɔr ˈænəˌlaɪzd (ðə kəˈmɪti dɪˈvoʊtɪd ˈoʊnli tu ˈsɛʃənz tɪ ɪkˈstərnəl ˈwɪtnəsɪz fər ˈstədi, ˈminɪŋ moʊst ˈɪʃuz wər glɔst ˈoʊvər). maɪ ˈwikli tɛkˈnɑləʤi lɔ ˈkɑləm (tərˈɑntoʊ stɑr ˈvərʒən, ˈvərʒən) noʊts ðət ðə bɪl ˈreɪzɪz æt list θri kənˈsərnz. fərst, ðə ˌrɛtroʊˈæktɪv rɪˈfɔrmz tɪ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, wɪʧ ər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈbækˌdeɪt ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ˈpraɪvəsi ənd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən lɔz tɪ ˈdætə frəm ðə ˈrɛʤɪstri, həz ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ðə ˈpraɪvəsi raɪts əv kəˈneɪdiənz huz ˈdætə ɪz stɪl kənˈteɪnd ɪn ðə ˈrɛʤɪstri. baɪ ˈbækˌdeɪtɪŋ ðə lɔ, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˈifɛktɪvli riˈmuvɪŋ ðə ˈpraɪvəsi prəˈtɛkʃənz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðət ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ˈsɛkənd, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt plænz tɪ ɪkˈspænd ɪts kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˌbaɪəˈmɛtrək ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈfɪŋgərˌprɪnts ənd ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈfoʊˌtoʊz, tɪ ˈvɪzɪtərz frəm 150 ˈkəntriz. ðə lɔ ˈkərəntli əˈplaɪz tɪ 29 ˈkəntriz ənd wən ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri, ˈminɪŋ ðɪs ˈkɑnstəˌtuts ə ˈmæsɪv ɪkˈspænʧən ɪn ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈpərsɪnəl ˈdætə ðə ˈgəvərnmənt kəˈlɛkts. ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə ˌbaɪəˈmɛtrək ˈdætə kəˈlɛkʃən hæv jɛt tɪ bi riˈlist, bət ðə ɪkˈspænʧən ˈreɪzɪz ˈpraɪvəsi kənˈsərnz ˈoʊvər haʊ ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz stɔrd, ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl fər fɔls ˈmæʧɪz, ənd ðə nid fər əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ˈnoʊtɪsɪz əˈbaʊt ðə kəˈlɛkʃən, juz ənd pəˈtɛnʃəl dɪˈskloʊʒər əv ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. θərd, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ɪkˈspændɪŋ ðə skoʊp əv ˈpərsɪnəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən prəˈtɛkʃən ənd ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈdɑkjəmənts ækt (pipeda*), ðə ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktər ˈpraɪvəsi lɔ, tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ˈnɑnkəˈmərʃəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz. ðət ˈreɪzɪz kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ər ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl. ðə bɪl əˈlaʊz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ˈspɛsəˌfaɪ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz tɪ wɪʧ əˈplaɪz ənd ɪt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ædz wən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən: ðə wərld ˈeɪʤənsi (ˈwɑdə). ðə ʧeɪnʤ ɪz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ðət ˈwɑdə, wɪʧ ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ˈpraɪvət ˈsɛktər ˈpraɪvəsi lɔ, ɪz nɑt ˈgəvərnd baɪ ˈpraɪvəsi lɔz ðət mit ðə ˈædəkwəsi ˈstændərd ˈəndər ˌjʊrəˈpiən lɔ. ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən goʊl əˈpɪrz tɪ bi tɪ dim ˌməntriˈɔl ənˈfɪt tɪ hoʊst ˈwɑdə ənd tɪ ˈtrænsfər ɪts ˈɔfəsɪz. ðə kəˈneɪdiən ˈgəvərnmənt wɔnts tɪ stɑp ðə ˈpraɪvəsi ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəmz baɪ əˈplaɪɪŋ ðə ˈfɛdərəl lɔ tɪ ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən. waɪl ðiz ˈɪʃuz saʊnd ˈvɛri ˈtɛknɪkəl, ðə ˈprɑbləm wɪθ ðə prəˈpoʊzd rɪˈfɔrm ɪz ðət ɪt ɪz ən ˈɑbviəs ˈtərgət fər ə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl ˈʧælənʤ. wɪn wɑz fərst ˌɪntrəˈdust ɪn ðə leɪt 1990s*, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wɑz ˈkɛrfəl tɪ ˈlɪmət ɪts skoʊp tɪ kəˈmərʃəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz. ðə ˈrizən wɑz ðət ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən ækt grænts ˈprɑvənsəz paʊərz ˈoʊvər ˈprɑpərti ənd ˈsɪvəl raɪts, wɪʧ ɪz wɛr ˈpraɪvəsi fɪts ɪn. tɪ gɪt əraʊnd prəˈvɪnʃəl ˌʤʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən, ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt sɔt tɪ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ˈpraɪvəsi ɔn ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈbeɪsɪs baɪ riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn ɪts treɪd ənd ˈkɑmərs paʊər. ɪn fækt, kwəˈbɛk vjud ˈivɪn ðət ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən ɛz ən ɛnˈkroʊʧmənt ɔn ɪts paʊərz ənd kˈwɪkli lɔnʧt ə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl ˈʧælənʤ əˈgɛnst ðə lɔ, bət ðət keɪs həz rɪˈmeɪnd ˈdɔrmənt fər jɪrz. baɪ ɪkˈstɛndɪŋ ðə lɔ tɪ ˈkəvər ˈwɑdə, ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz rɪˈvaɪvɪŋ ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl ˈɪʃu baɪ ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər skoʊp əv ðə lɔ. ɪf naʊ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkəvərz səm ˈnɑnkəˈmərʃəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz, ɪt wɪl nid ə ˈdɪfərənt ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl ˈbeɪsɪs. baɪ ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəli ˈsəˌspɛkt ˈpraɪvəsi prəˈvɪʒənz wɪˈθɪn bɪl ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz prəˈpoʊzɪŋ tɪ sɑlv wən ˈprɑbləm baɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə məʧ ˈbɪgər wən. ˌɪnˈdid, ˈkrɪtɪks wʊd ˈɑrgju ðət ɪz prɪˈsaɪsli ðə rɪsk əv ˌɪntrəˈdusɪŋ sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈpraɪvəsi rɪˈfɔrmz wɪˈθɪn ə ˈɑmnəbəs ˈbəʤɪt bɪl ənd nɑt ˈæləˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈɛni taɪm tɪ dɪˈskəsɪŋ ɪt æt kəˈmɪti.
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a budget implementation bill is an unlikely – and many would say inappropriate – place to make major changes to canadian privacy law. yet bill c-59, the government’s 158-page bill that is set to sweep through the house of commons, does just that.
the omnibus budget bill touches on a wide range of issues, including copyright term extension and retroactive reforms to access to information laws. but there are also privacy amendments that have received little attention. in fact, the privacy commissioner of canada was not even granted the opportunity to appear before the committee that “studied” the bill, meaning that privacy was not discussed nor analyzed (the committee devoted only two sessions to external witnesses for study, meaning most issues were glossed over).
my weekly technology law column (toronto star version, homepage version) notes that the bill raises at least three privacy-related concerns. first, the retroactive reforms to access to information, which are designed to backdate the application of privacy and access to information laws to data from the long-gun registry, has implications for the privacy rights of canadians whose data is still contained in the registry. by backdating the law, the government is effectively removing the privacy protections associated with that information.
second, the government plans to expand its collection of biometric information, including fingerprints and digital photos, to visitors from 150 countries. the law currently applies to 29 countries and one territory, meaning this constitutes a massive expansion in the amount of personal data the government collects.
the regulations associated with the biometric data collection have yet to be released, but the expansion raises privacy concerns over how the information is stored, the potential for false matches, and the need for appropriate notices about the collection, use and potential disclosure of the information.
third, the government is expanding the scope of personal information protection and electronic documents act (pipeda), the private sector privacy law, to include non-commercial organizations. that raises questions about whether the changes are constitutional. the bill allows the government to specify organizations to which pipeda applies and it immediately adds one organization: the montreal-based world anti-doping agency (wada).
the change is designed to address european criticism that wada, which is currently subject to quebec’s private sector privacy law, is not governed by privacy laws that meet the adequacy standard under european law. the european goal appears to be to deem montreal unfit to host wada and to transfer its offices. the canadian government wants to stop the privacy criticisms by applying the federal law to the global organization.
while these issues sound very technical, the problem with the government’s proposed reform is that it is an obvious target for a constitutional challenge.
when pipeda was first introduced in the late 1990s, the government was careful to limit its scope to commercial activities. the reason was that the constitution act grants provinces powers over property and civil rights, which is where privacy fits in. to get around provincial jurisdiction, the federal government sought to regulate privacy on a national basis by relying on its trade and commerce power. in fact, quebec viewed even that justification as an encroachment on its powers and quickly launched a constitutional challenge against the law, but that case has remained dormant for years.
by extending the law to cover wada, the government is reviving the constitutional issue by changing the entire scope of the law. if pipeda now also covers some non-commercial activities, it will need a different constitutional basis.
by including constitutionally suspect privacy provisions within bill c-59, the government is proposing to solve one problem by creating a much bigger one. indeed, critics would argue that is precisely the risk of introducing significant privacy reforms within a fast-tracked omnibus budget bill and not allocating any time to discussing it at committee.
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nu jɔrk (ˈrɔɪtərz) ˈkɔfi ti ɪŋk ˈrisəntli hɛld tɔks wɪθ ˈstɑrˌbəks ˈkɔrpərˈeɪʃən (sbux.o*) əˈbaʊt ə pəˈtɛnʃəl seɪl tɪ ðə lɑrʤ ˈkɔfi ʃɑp ʧeɪn, ˌriˈpɔrtəd, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ə rɪˈpɔrt. ə ˈstɑrˌbəks stɔr ɪz sin ə pits ˈkɔfi ənd ti stɔr (ɑr) ɪn siˈætəl, ˈwɔʃɪŋtən mɑrʧ 19 2008 ɑr. ˈdɑnər həz ə ˈmɑrkɪt ˈvælju əv 589 ˈmɪljən beɪst ɔn ðə ˈkloʊzɪŋ praɪs əv 46 ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, wɪn ɪt roʊz pərˈsɛnt. ˈstɑrˌbəks ɪz ˈvæljud æt ˈoʊvər 26 ˈbɪljən. ðə dɪd nɑt seɪ haʊ ˈlaɪkli ə dil wɑz bɪtˈwin ðə tu, sɛd. boʊθ ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈpætrɪk ənd ə ˈstɑrˌbəks ˈspoʊksmən dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt. ˈrumərz əˈbaʊt ə bɪtˈwin ðə tu ˈkəmpəˌniz, wɪʧ hæv hɪˈstɔrɪkəl taɪz, hæv bɪn ˈfloʊtɪŋ əraʊnd ðə ˈmɑrkɪt fər mənθs. nɑt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkɔfi ʃɑps. əˈbaʊt groʊɪŋ ðə ˈgroʊsəri ˈbɪznɪs. wɛr (ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈmərʤər) həz ə lɔt əv synergies”*” ˈstɪfəl ˈnɪkɔlaʊz ˈænəlɪst stiv wɛst sɛd. kən ˈstɑrˌbəks du wɪθ ˈbɪznɪs ɪn ðə nɛkst 2 tɪ 3 jɪrz? ðeɪ kən ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈdəbəl ər ˈtrɪpəl it,”*,” wɛst ˈædɪd. ˈkərəntli treɪdz æt əˈbaʊt taɪmz ˈkɑrənt 2011 analysts’*’ ˈævərɪʤ ˈɛstəˌmeɪt. ðə ˈɛməriˌvɪl, ˈkɔfi ˈkəmpəˌni sɛlz ˈpækɪʤd ˈkɔfi θru ˈriˌteɪlərz laɪk ˈseɪfˌweɪ ɪŋk ənd ˈkroʊgər koʊ (kr.n*) ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd 192 ˈriˌteɪl stɔrz ɪn sɪks steɪts ɛz əv ˈʤænjuˌɛri 3 ˈstɑrˌbəks læst wik əˈnaʊnst ə dil ɪn wɪʧ grin ˈmaʊntən ˈkɔfi ˈroʊstərz ɪŋk wʊd sɛl ˈstɑrˌbəks ˈkɔfi fər ɪts məˈʃinz, ənd ˈstɑrˌbəks wʊd sɛl ðə məˈʃinz. ðɛr əˈgrimənt wɑz sin ɛz ə ˌfɔrˈmɪdəbəl ˈʧælənʤ tɪ ənd ɪts ʃɛrz fɛl ˈæftər ðə dil wɑz əˈnaʊnst., wɪʧ boʊsts əv ə lɔɪəl ˈfɑloʊɪŋ əv ˈkɔfi ˈdrɪŋkərz kɔld ‘‘peetniks,’*,’ həz sɛd ɪt wɔnts tɪ gɪt ˈɪntu ðə ˈkɔfi ˈmɑrkɪt. ɪt lɔst ə ˈteɪˌkoʊvər ˈbætəl wɪθ grin ˈmaʊntən ɪn ˈərli 2010 fər ˈdidrɪk ˈkɔfi wɪʧ meɪks ˈkɔfi fər grin məˈʃinz.
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new york (reuters) - peet’s coffee & tea inc peet.o recently held talks with starbucks corp (sbux.o) about a potential sale to the large coffee shop chain, cnbc reported, citing a dealreporter report.
a starbucks store is seen a peets coffee and tea store (r) in seattle, washington march 19, 2008. reuters/marcus r. donner
peet’s has a market value of $589 million based on the stock’s closing price of $46 on tuesday, when it rose 9.4 percent. starbucks is valued at over $26 billion.
the dealreporter did not say how likely a deal was between the two, cnbc said.
both peet’s chief executive patrick o’dea and a starbucks spokesman declined to comment. rumors about a tie-up between the two companies, which have historical ties, have been floating around the market for months.
“it’s not about the coffee shops. it’s about growing the grocery business. that’s where (a possible merger) has a lot of synergies” stifel nicolaus analyst steve west said.
“what can starbucks do with peet’s business in the next 2 to 3 years? they can probably double or triple it,” west added.
peet’s currently trades at about 29.3 times current 2011 analysts’ average eps estimate.
the emeryville, california-based coffee company sells packaged coffee through retailers like safeway inc swy.n and kroger co (kr.n) it also operated 192 retail stores in six states as of january 3.
starbucks last week announced a deal in which green mountain coffee roasters inc gmcr.o would sell starbucks coffee for its keurig single-cup machines, and starbucks would sell the keurig machines.
their agreement was seen as a formidable challenge to peet’s and its shares fell after the deal was announced.
peet’s, which boasts of a loyal following of coffee drinkers called ‘peetniks,’ has said it wants to get into the fast-growing single-cup coffee market. it lost a takeover battle with green mountain in early 2010 for diedrich coffee which makes coffee for green mountain’s keurig machines.
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ˈdætə ər bɪg ˈdætə, ɛz kˈwɑntɪˌteɪtɪv ˈænəlɪsts wɪl kɔl ɪt ɪz ðə tul də ʤur fər ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət hæv ˈriəˌlaɪzd ðət ˈlərkɪŋ ɪn ðə væst pulz əv ənˈprɔˌsɛst ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn ðɛr ˈnɛtˌwərks ər səˈluʃənz tɪ səm əv moʊst ˈprɛsɪŋ ənd ˈkɑnvəˌlutəd ˈprɑbləmz. ə fju jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ˈgugəl, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, tʊk ðə 50 ˈmɪljən moʊst ˈkɑmən ˈkiˌwərdz ðət əˈmɛrɪkənz taɪpt ɪn sərʧ bɑrz ənd traɪd tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt, baɪ kəmˈpɛrɪŋ ðɛm wɪθ ˈfɛdərəl hɛlθ stəˈtɪstɪks, wɛr ðə flu ˈvaɪrəs wɑz tɪ ˈlaɪkli straɪk nɛkst. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə nu bʊk, ˈdætə: ə ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ðət wɪl ˈtrænsfɔrm haʊ wi lɪv, wərk ənd think,”*,” ðə ɪˈnɔrmɪs kˈwɑntəti əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈwərlɪŋ θru ðə ˈiθər kən əˈfɛkt ənd ɛnˈhæns ɑr kˈwɑləti əv laɪf. ɛz ðə ˈɔθərz pʊt ɪt, ʧeɪnʤ əv skeɪl həz lɛd tɪ ə ʧeɪnʤ əv state.”*.” naʊ ðə ˈsɪti həz brɔt ðɪs kˈwɑntɪˌteɪtɪv ˈmɛθəd tɪ ðə ɪkˈsidɪŋli ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd məˈʃin ðət ɪz nu jɔrk. fər ðə ˈmɑdəst səm əv 1 ˈmɪljən, ənd æt ə ˈmoʊmənt wɪn ˈdiˌkrisɪŋ ˈbəʤɪts hæv rikˈwaɪərd ˌɪnˈkrist ɪˈfɪʃənsi, ðə ˌɪnˈhaʊs gik skwɑd həz ˈoʊvər ðə læst θri jɪrz ˈlɛvərɪʤd ðə paʊər əv kəmˈpjutərz tɪ ˈdəbəl ðə hɪt reɪt ɪn ˈfaɪndɪŋ stɔrz ˈsɛlɪŋ ˈbuˌtlɛg ˌsɪgəˈrɛts; spɛd ðə rɪˈmuvəl əv triz dɪˈstrɔɪd baɪ ˈhərəˌkeɪnz ˈsændi; ənd hɛlpt stɪr ˈoʊvərˈbərdənd ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˌɪnˈspɛktərz ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ mɔr ðən ˈɔpʃənz dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ˈlɔˌbreɪkɪŋ ˈbɪldɪŋz wɛr ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk faɪərz wər ˈlaɪkliəst tɪ əˈkər. θɪŋk əv ˈjuˈɛs ɛz ðə gɪt stəf dən folks,”*,” ˈmaɪkəl flaʊərz hu ˈoʊvərˌsiz ðə grup, sɛd. wi du ɪz teɪk ənd ˈprɔˌsɛs ˈmæsɪv əˈmaʊnts əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd juz ɪt tɪ du θɪŋz mɔr effectively.”*.” ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ haɪərd ɪn 2009 baɪ ʤɑn feinblatt*, ðə ʧif ˈpɑləsi ædˈvaɪzər, ˈmɪstər. flaʊərz noʊ məʧ əˈbaʊt kəmˈpjutər koʊd lɛt əˈloʊn stəˈtɪstɪks. frəm 1999 tɪ 2003 hi wərkt æt ðə mænˈhætən ˈdɪstrɪkt ˈɔfəs, ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪŋ ˈhɑməˌsaɪdz ənd drəg kraɪmz. wɪn hi lɛft lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt, hi muvd tɪ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, wɛr hi ʤɔɪnd ðə paʊər lɔ fərm ˈwɪljəmz ˈkɔnəli ənd ˈleɪtər tʊk ə ʤɑb wɪθ ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˈsəbkəˈmɪti ɔn ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz. dɪsɪnˈʧænɪd baɪ ðə sməg ˌhɑməʤəˈniəti əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ˈmɪstər. flaʊərz lɛpt æt ðə ʧæns ɪn 2005 tɪ ˈtrævəl tɪ ˌɪˈrɑk wɪθ ə tim frəm ðə ˈʤəstɪs dɪˈpɑrtmənt tɪ wərk ɔn ˈɪʃuz kənˈsərnɪŋ mæs greɪvz ənd ɔn ˈsɑdəm traɪəl.
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data — or big data, as quantitative analysts will call it — is the tool du jour for tech-savvy companies that have realized that lurking in the vast pools of unprocessed information in their networks are solutions to some of today’s most pressing and convoluted problems. a few years ago, google, for example, took the 50 million most common keywords that americans typed in search bars and tried to figure out, by comparing them with federal health statistics, where the h1n1 flu virus was to likely strike next.
according to a new book, “big data: a revolution that will transform how we live, work and think,” the enormous quantity of information whirling through the ether can affect and enhance our quality of life. as the authors put it, “the change of scale has led to a change of state.”
now the city has brought this quantitative method to the exceedingly complicated machine that is new york. for the modest sum of $1 million, and at a moment when decreasing budgets have required increased efficiency, the in-house geek squad has over the last three years leveraged the power of computers to double the city’s hit rate in finding stores selling bootleg cigarettes; sped the removal of trees destroyed by hurricane sandy; and helped steer overburdened housing inspectors — working with more than 20,000 options — directly to lawbreaking buildings where catastrophic fires were likeliest to occur.
“i think of us as the get stuff done folks,” michael flowers who oversees the group, said. “all we do is take and process massive amounts of information and use it to do things more effectively.”
before being hired in 2009 by john feinblatt, the mayor’s chief policy adviser, mr. flowers didn’t know much about computer code — let alone bayesian statistics. from 1999 to 2003, he worked at the manhattan district attorney’s office, prosecuting homicides and drug crimes. when he left law enforcement, he moved to washington, where he joined the power law firm williams & connolly and later took a job with the senate permanent subcommittee on investigations. disenchanted by the smug homogeneity of washington, mr. flowers leapt at the chance in 2005 to travel to iraq with a team from the justice department to work on issues concerning mass graves and on saddam hussein’s trial.
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ðə ʤɔɪəs riˈækʃən əv tu ˈʧɪldrən tɪ ðə nuz əv ðɛr səkˈsɛsfəl əˈdɑpʃən baɪ ðɛr ˈfɑstər ˈpɛrənts həz təʧt ðə hɑrts əv ˈθaʊzənz ˈæftər ɪt wɑz ʃɛrd ˈɔnˌlaɪn. ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv ˈhɛðər əˈdɑptɪv ˈʧɪldrən ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn ə kɔrt rum waɪl ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt wɑz meɪd wər ˈpoʊstɪd tɪ ðə ləv wət ˈmætərz ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. ðeɪ hæv sɪns rɪˈsivd mɔr ðən 7000 riˈækʃənz. mɪz ˈnɛlsən sɛd ðə ˈʧɪldrən wər ˈfɑstərd wɪθ hər ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər 2013 ənd wər əˈfɪʃəli dɪˈklɛrd ˈfæməli læst mənθ. ʃi sɛd ðə ˈfoʊˌtoʊz sərv ɛz ə rɪˈbətəl tɪ ˈpipəl hu kleɪm ðeɪ faɪnd ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv əˈdɑpʃən ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ. wət ˈnɛlsən) æt ðə pjʊr ʤɔɪ ɔn ðiz kids’*’ ˈfeɪsɪz wɪn ðeɪ ər ˈhirɪŋ ðɛr nu əˈdɑptɪv neɪm biɪŋ dɪˈklɛrd ɪn ðə kɔrt room,”*,” mɪz ˈnɛlsən roʊt. ʤɔɪ ənd ləv rɪˈflɛktɪd ɪn ðiz ˈpɪkʧərz ər ɔl aɪ nid tɪ noʊ: ˈɛvəri tɪr, ˈɛvəri sˈlipləs naɪt, ənd ˈɛvəri deɪ ðət ðə ˈsɪstəm simd ˈhoʊpləs wɑz wərθ ɪt." mɪz ˈnɛlsən sɛd ðət waɪl hər ˈʧɪldrən ər ənd loved”*” baɪ ðɛr bərθ ˈfæməli, ðeɪ kən naʊ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈkəmfərt əv ə fərˈɛvər hoʊm. hæv ə gʊd nuz ˈstɔri laɪk tɪ ʃɛr? laɪk tɪ hir frəm ju. ju kən riʧ ˈjuˈɛs æt contact@9news.com.au*. naɪn ˈdɪʤɪtəl taɪ ˈɛlˈtiˈdi 2019
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the joyous reaction of two children to the news of their successful adoption by their foster parents has touched the hearts of thousands after it was shared online.
photos of heather nelson’s adoptive children sitting in a court room while the announcement was made were posted to the love what matters facebook page yesterday. they have since received more than 7000 reactions.
ms nelson said the children were fostered with her in december 2013, and were officially declared family last month.
she said the photos serve as a rebuttal to people who claim they find the prospect of adoption overwhelming.
(facebook/love what matters/heather nelson) ()
“look at the pure joy on these kids’ faces when they are hearing their new adoptive name being declared in the court room,” ms nelson wrote.
“the joy and love reflected in these pictures are all i need to know: every tear, every sleepless night, and every day that the system seemed hopeless was worth it."
ms nelson said that while her children are “known and loved” by their birth family, they can now enjoy the security and comfort of a forever home.
have a good news story you’d like to share? we’d like to hear from you. you can reach us at contact@9news.com.au.
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ərˈɪʤənəli ˈpoʊstɪd æt. ɪt keɪm frəm ðə tɔp ənd ˈnɛvər bɪn ə ˈsikrɪt. ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈɔθərˌaɪzd ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ əv ðoʊz siaɪeɪ "blæk saɪts" ənd ðə juz əv wət keɪm tɪ bi noʊn ɛz "ɛnˈhænst ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən tɛkˈniks" ənd həz ˈspoʊkən əv ðɪs wɪθ ə ˈsərtən praɪd. ðə tɔp əˈfɪʃəlz ɛˈsɛnʃəli pʊt ɪn ən ˈɔrdər æt ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs fər "ˈligəl" ˌʤəstɪfɪˈkeɪʃənz ðət wʊd, mərˈækjələsli, ˈtrænsfɔrm ðoʊz "tɛkˈniks" ˈɪntu ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈəðər ðən ˈtɔrʧər. ɪts ˈlɔjərz ðɛn pʊld aʊt ðɛr ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛriz ənd geɪv nu ˈminɪŋ tɪ ˈtɔrʧərd ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃənz əv ˈtɔrʧər ðət kʊd hæv kəm dɪˈrɛkli frəm ðə fjuzd pɛnz əv frænz ˈkɑfkə ənd ʤɔrʤ ˈɔrˌwɛl. ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs, ðeɪ ˈivɪn ˈmænɪʤd tɪ liv ðə ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv ˈtɔrʧər tɪ ðə ˈtɔrʧərər. ɪt wɑz ə pərˈfɔrməns fər ðə ˈeɪʤɪz. læst wik, ˈfɔrmər vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt dɪk ˈʧeɪni, hu ˈoʊnli deɪz ˈæftər kleɪmd ðət ðə bʊʃ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ "wərk ðə dɑrk saɪd," wəns əˈgɛn ˈʧæmpiənd ðoʊz tɛkˈniks ənd ðə siaɪeɪ ˈeɪʤənts hu juzd ðɛm. ɪt wɑz ə ˈhændi riˈmaɪndər əv ʤɪst wət ə kru əv ˈtɔrʧər ˈɪnstəˌgeɪtərz hi ənd hɪz ˈkoʊhɔrts wər. ðə ˈligəl vəˈnɪr sprɛd ˈθɪnli ˈoʊvər ðə ˈproʊˌgræm ðeɪ sɛt ɪn ˈmoʊʃən wɑz mɛnt tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈoʊnli ðə ˈfeɪntəst ˈligəl ˈkəvər fər ðə "gləvz" ðeɪ brægd əˈbaʊt ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔf, waɪl əbˈskjʊrɪŋ ðə ˈɪʃu fər ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpəblɪk. ˈæftər ɔl, fju ɪn ðə rɛst əv ðə wərld wər ˈlaɪkli tɪ əkˈsɛpt ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən ˈmɛθədz laɪk, ər "ðə ˈwɔtər ˈtɔrʧər" ɛz ɪt hæd wəns bɪn noʊn, wər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bət ˈtɔrʧər. ˈivɪn ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri, ɪt hæd bɪn ækˈsɛptɪd ɛz ʤɪst ðət. ðə bʊʃ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən wɑz, əv kɔrs, hɛlpt ɪn ðoʊz jɪrz baɪ ə ˈmidiə ðət, wɪn nɑt ˈʧɪˌrlidɪŋ fər ˈtɔrʧər, ər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈlɛndɪŋ ðə siaɪeɪ ə ˈhɛlpfəl hænd, ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈbænɪʃt ðə wərd frəm ɪts voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛri, ənˈlɛs ɪt rɪˈfərd tɪ ˈsɪmələr ækts kəˈmɪtɪd baɪ ˈkəntriz wi dɪsˈlaɪkt. ɔl ɪn ɔl, ɪt wɑz ən ˈɛksərˌsaɪz ɪn wət ðə "læst ˌsupərˈpaʊər," ðə "pəˈlismən," kʊd gɪt əˈweɪ wɪθ ɪn ðə ˈbæˌkrumz əv ɪts pəˈlis ˈsteɪʃənz biɪŋ əraʊnd ðə wərld. ənd səm əv ðə tɛkˈniks juzd wɪθ ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr bruˈtælɪti wər ˈɛvədəntli fərst ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd tɪ tɔp əˈfɪʃəlz ɪn ðə waɪt haʊs ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ðɛn, əv kɔrs, ðə siaɪeɪ wɛnt aʊt ənd əˈplaɪd ðoʊz "ɛnˈhænst tɛkˈniks" tɪ ˈækʧəwəl ˈjumən biɪŋz wɪθ əˈbændən, ɛz ðə ˈnuli riˈlist (ənd ˈsəmˈwət rɪˈdæktɪd) ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈsəməri əv ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns "ˈtɔrʧər rɪˈpɔrt" ˈɪndɪˌkeɪts. ðɪs wɑz dən ˈivɪn mɔr səˈvɪrli ðən ˈɔrdərd (nɑt ðət ˈʧeɪni koʊ. kɛrd), ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ tɪ ə səˈpraɪzɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv ˈkæptɪvz ðət ðə siaɪeɪ ˈleɪtər ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd wər ˈɪnəsənt əv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ˈhævɪŋ tɪ du wɪθ ˈtɛrər ər ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ. ɔl əv ðɪs ˈhæpənd, dɪˈspaɪt ə lɔ ðɪs ˈkəntri saɪnd ˈɔntu proʊˈhɪbətɪŋ ðə juz əv ˈtɔrʧər əˈbrɔd. ˌɔlˈðoʊ wət ʤɪst dɪˈskraɪbd ɪz naʊ ˈʤɛnərəli kənˈsɪdərd ðə ˈtɔrʧər ˈstɔri hir, ɪt ˈrɪli wɑz ˈoʊnli pɑrt əv ɪt. ðə ˈəðər pɑrt, ˈɔlsoʊ ə siaɪeɪ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˈɔθərˌaɪzd æt ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəlz, wɑz "rɛnˈdɪʃən" ər "ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri rɛnˈdɪʃən" ɛz ɪt wɑz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz noʊn. ðɪs wɑz ə ˈgloʊbəl kæmˈpeɪn əv ˈkɪdˌnæpɪŋz, ˈeɪdɪd ənd əˈbɛtɪd baɪ 54 ˈəðər ˈkəntriz, ɪn wɪʧ "ˈtɛrər ˈsəˌspɛkts" (əˈgɛn ˈɔfən ɪˈnəf ˈɪnəsənt ˈpipəl) wər swɛpt ɔf ðə strits əv ˈmeɪʤər ˈsɪtiz ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə əv ðə ˈplænət ənd "ˈrɛndərd" tɪ ˈəðər ˈkəntriz, ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm ˈlɪˌbiə ənd ˈsɪriə tɪ ˈiʤɪpt ənd uzˈbɛkɪˌstæn, ˈpleɪsɪz wɪθ ðɛr oʊn ˈhændi ˈtɔrʧər ˈʧeɪmbərz ənd ˌɪnˈtɛrəˌgeɪtərz ɔˈrɛdi məʧ ˈpræktɪst ɪn "ɛnˈhænst" tɛkˈniks əv wən sɔrt ər əˈnəðər. mɔˈroʊvər, ðoʊz tɛkˈniks ˈmaɪˌgreɪtɪd laɪk ə ˈvaɪrəs frəm ðə siaɪeɪ ənd ɪts "blæk saɪts" ˈɛlsˌwɛr ɪn ðə juz. imperium*, moʊst noʊˈtɔriəsli ˈviə gˌwɑnˈtɑnəˌmoʊ tɪ ˈæbu, ðə ˈprɪzən ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk, wɛr ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ˈtɔrʧər ənd əˈbjuz əv ə dɪˈstɪŋktli ɛnˈhænst vərˈaɪəti ðɛn ˈmaɪˌgreɪtɪd hoʊm ɛz screensavers*. wət wɑz dən hæv bɪn mɔr ˈkrɪmənəl ɪn ˈneɪʧər, ˈwɛðər ʤəʤd baɪ juz. ər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl lɔ. ɪn ɪts weɪk, ɪts ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz, boʊθ ðə ˈtɔrʧərərz ənd ðə ˈkɪdˌnæpərz, wər prəˈtɛktɪd ɪn ə ˈmeɪʤər weɪ. ɪkˈsɛpt fər ə fju ˌloʊˈlɛvəl ˈfɪgjərz æt ˈæbu ənd wən siaɪeɪ ˈwɪsəlˌbloʊər hu wɛnt tɪ ˈprɪzən fər riˈlisɪŋ tɪ ə ˈʤərnəlɪst ðə neɪm əv ˈsəmˌwən ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə ˈtɔrʧər ˈproʊˌgræm, noʊ əˈmɛrɪkən ˈfɪgjər, nɑt ˈivɪn ðoʊz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər dɛθs æt ðə blæk saɪts, wʊd bi brɔt tɪ kɔrt. ənd əv kɔrs, ðə mɛn (ənd ˈwʊmən) moʊst riˈspɑnsəbəl wʊd liv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ raɪt ðɛr ˈmɛmˌwɑrz fər ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz ənd dɪˈfɛnd wət ðeɪ dɪd tɪ ðə dɛθ (əv ˈəðərz). wən fər ðə ˈhɪstəri bʊks ənd, ðoʊ ə gʊd θɪŋ tɪ hæv ðə ˈsɛnɪt rɪˈpɔrt meɪd ˈpəblɪk, ɪt ˈnidɪd tɪ noʊ ðət, ɪn ðə jɪrz ˈæftər wɪn ðə juz. ˈgəvərnmənt kriˈeɪtɪd ən ˈɔfˈʃɔr bərmˈjudə ˈtraɪˌæŋgəl əv ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs, ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ɛˈsɛnʃəli bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈɛnərˌpraɪz. ˈrisəntli, rɪˈpəblɪkən hɔks ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈproʊˌtɛstəd ˈlaʊdli əˈgɛnst ðə riˈlis əv ðət ˈsɛnɪt rɪˈpɔrt, səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ɪt ʃʊd bi səˈprɛst lɛst ɪt "ɪnˈfleɪm" ɑr ˈɛnəmiz. ðə ril kˈwɛʃən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, əˈbaʊt ðɛm æt ɔl, əˈbaʊt ˈjuˈɛs. waɪ ðə riˈlis əv ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt ɪnˈfleɪm əˈmɛrɪkənz, ˈgɪvɪn wət ðɛr ˈgəvərnmənt həz dən ɪn ðɛr neɪmz? ənd ɪn keɪs ju θɪŋk ɔl ˈoʊvər bət fər ðə ˈʃaʊtɪŋ, θɪŋk əˈgɛn, ɛz rəˈbɛkə ˈgɔrdən, ˈrɛgjələr ənd ˈɔθər əv ˈmeɪnˌstrimɪŋ ˈtɔrʧər: ˈɛθɪkəl əˈproʊʧɪz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts raɪts təˈdeɪ. tɑm əˈmɛrɪkən ˈtɔrʧər pæst, ˈprɛzənt, and…*… fˈjuʧər? baɪ rəˈbɛkə ˈgɔrdən ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈstɔri əv ðə wik ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən. æt lɔŋ læst, ˈæftər ðə ˈɛndləs ˈstɔlɪŋ ənd foot-shuffling*, ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts əˈbaʊt ənd siaɪeɪ kəmˈpjutər ˈhækɪŋ, ðə kleɪmz ðət ɪts riˈlis maɪt stoʊk ˈəðərz aʊt ðɛr ɪn ðə ˈməzlɪm wərld tɪ ˈvaɪələns ənd "θroʊ ðə c.i.a*. tɪ ðə wʊlvz," ðə rɪˈpɔrt ju noʊ wɪʧ wən ɪz aʊt. ər æt list, ðə rɪˈdæktɪd ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈsəməri əv ɪt ɪz əˈveɪləbəl tɪ bi rɛd ənd, ɛz ˈsɛnətər mɑrk ˈjudəl sɛd ˌbiˈfɔr ɪts riˈlis, "wɪn ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt ɪz dɪˈklæsəˌfaɪd, ˈpipəl wɪl æˈbhɔr wət ðeɪ rɛd. ˈgɑnə bi dɪsˈgəstɪd. ˈgɑnə bi əˈpɔld. ˈgɑnə bi ʃɑkt æt wət wi dɪd." soʊ naʊ wi kən ˈfaɪnəli kənˈsɪdər ðə ˈpɑrʃəl riˈlis əv ðə rɪˈpɔrt frəm ðə ˈsɛnɪt səˈlɛkt kəˈmɪti ɔn ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns əˈbaʊt ðə ˈgrusəm siaɪeɪ ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən ˈmɛθədz juzd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə bʊʃ "ˈgloʊbəl wɔr ɔn ˈtɛrər." bət wən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt θɪŋ tɪ kip ɪn maɪnd: ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt ˈæˈdrɛsɪz ˈoʊnli ðə pæst ˈpræktɪsɪz əv ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈeɪʤənsi. ɪts ˈnɛroʊ ˈfoʊkɪs ɪnˈkərəʤəz ˈjuˈɛs tɪ bɪˈliv ðət, ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə siaɪeɪ meɪ hæv wəns dən, ðət hoʊl ˈsɑri ˈtɔrʧər ˈʧæptər ɪz naʊ bɪˈhaɪnd ˈjuˈɛs. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ðə ˈmoʊmənt wi gɪt tɪ rɛd ɪt, ɔˈrɛdi taɪm tɪ tərn ðə peɪʤ. soʊ bi ʃɑkt, bi dɪsˈgəstɪd, bi əˈpɔld, bət bi fuld. ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈtɔrʧər rɪˈpɔrt, soʊ ˈmɛni jɪrz ənd ˈɑbstəkəlz ɪn ðə ˈmeɪkɪŋ, ʃʊd ˈoʊnli bi ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnt fər ə dɪˈskəʃən, nɑt ðə ˈfaɪnəl wərd ɔn juz. ˈtɔrʧər. waɪ. ˈmeɪnˌstrim ˈkəvərɪʤ əv juz. ˈtɔrʧər ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl, ənd əv ðɪs nu rɪˈpɔrt ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, rɛsts ɔn θri fɔls əˈsəmpʃənz: ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kˈwɛʃən ɪz ˈwɛðər ˈtɔrʧər "wərkt." juz. ˈtɔrʧər ˈɛndɪd wɪn ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ lɛft ˈɔfəs. ðə ˈoʊnli kaɪnd əv ˈtɔrʧər ðət ˈrɪli "kaʊnts" ˈhæpənz ɪn ˈfɔrən wɔr zoʊnz. lʊk æt iʧ əv ðiz ɪn ˈɔrdər. fɔls əˈsəmpʃən 1 ðə ˈoʊnli kˈwɛʃən ɪz "dɪd ɪt wərk?" ˈmeɪbi ˈtɔrʧər "wərkt" ɔn əˈkeɪʒən. ˈprɑbəˌbli ɪt didn’t*. bət ɪt ˈmætər bɪˈkəz ˈtɔrʧər ɪz ˌɪˈligəl ˈəndər juz. ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl lɔ, ənd ə ˈmɔrəl əˌbɑməˈneɪʃən. ðə ˈsɛnɪt fərst ˈfaɪndɪŋ ənd ðə wən ðət məʧ əv ə ˈhaɪli prɪˈdɪktəbəl dəˈbeɪt wɪl ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ɪz ðət ðə "ɛnˈhænst ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən tɛkˈniks" wər "ˌɪnɪˈfɛktɪv" ɪn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz əv prəˈdusɪŋ ˈækʃənəbəl ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns, ər prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ˈtɛrərɪst əˈtæks. ɪn rɪˈspɑns, ðə ˈrɛtərɪk ɪz ɔˈrɛdi flaɪɪŋ. ðə rɪˈpəblɪkənz (ɪkˈsɛpt fər ˈsɛnətər ʤɑn məˈkeɪn) ər ˈʤəmpɪŋ əp ənd daʊn ˈʃaʊtɪŋ "ɪt dɪd wərk! ɪt dɪd!" ðə oʊn siaɪeɪ dɪˈrɛktər, ʤɑn ˈbrɛnən, həz ˈɪʃud hɪz dɪˌnənsiˈeɪʃən əv ðə rɪˈpɔrt. waɪl ækˈnɑlɪʤɪŋ ðət "ðə ˈeɪʤənsi meɪd mɪˈsteɪks," hi, tu, ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd ðət ˈtɔrʧər "wərkt." (ə ˈkəpəl əv deɪz ˈleɪtər, hi ˈbækˌtrækt, səˈʤɛstɪŋ ˌɪnˈstɛd ðət ðə ˈænsər tɪ ðɪs kˈwɛʃən wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ““unknowable.”*.”) ˈəðər ˈfɔrmər əˈfɪʃəlz əv ðə ˈeɪʤənsi ər ɪn bɪg taɪm. ɪn ðə ɛnd, ɪt ˈmætər ˈwɛðər ðə ˈmɛθədz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ (wɪʧ məˈkeɪn kɔlz "mɑk ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən" ənd "ən ˈɛkskwəzət fɔrm əv ˈtɔrʧər"); ˌɪnˈflɪktɪŋ slip ˌdɛprəˈveɪʃən; rɪˈpitɪd ˈbitɪŋz; ˈhæŋɪŋ ˈpipəl baɪ ðɛr rɪsts fər deɪz, bɑmˈbɑrdɪŋ ðɛm wɪθ ənˈbɛrəbəl saʊnd ənd laɪt ər ˈkipɪŋ ðɛm ɪn ˈtoʊtəl ˈdɑrknəs; θˈrɛtənɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛkʃuəli əˈbjuz ðɛr ˈməðərz ər hɑrm ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən; ər, ɪn ˈpɑsəbli faɪv ˈkeɪsɪz, ˈʃəvɪŋ ə tub əp ˈrɛktəm ənd ˈfɪlɪŋ ɪt wɪθ ˈwɔtər (səˈpoʊzədli fər "ˈrɛktəl ˌrihaɪˈdreɪʃən") wər ˈifɛktɪv. ɪt ˈmætər ˈwɛðər ðiz ˈmɛθədz lɛd ðə ˈneɪvi silz tɪ oʊˈsɑmə bɪn ˈleɪdən. ɪt ˈmætər ˈwɛðər ðiz ˈmɛθədz prɪˈvɛnɪd ən ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ əˈtæk ɔn ðə ˈlaɪbrɛˌri taʊər ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs. ɪt ˈmætər ˈwɛðər ðeɪ seɪvd əˈmɛrɪkən (ənd ˈoʊnli əˈmɛrɪkən!) lɪvz. ɪn fækt, fər ðoʊz hu rɛd ðə rɪˈpɔrt, ðə ˈsɛnɪt kəˈmɪti ɪz rɪˈmɑrkəbli kənˈvɪnsɪŋ ɔn ə ˈsəbʤɪkt əˈbaʊt wɪʧ wi ɔˈrɛdi hæv məʧ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən: ˈtɔrʧər noʊˈtɔriəsli dɪz nɑt ˈproʊdus ˈjusfəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ɪt prəˈdusɪz ə ˈtæŋgəld mɛs əv truθs, half-truths*, laɪz, waɪld ˌɪnˈvɛnʃən ənd kənˌfæbjəˈleɪʃən, ˌsaɪˈkɑtɪk ravings*, ənd ˈdɛspərɪt əˈtɛmpts tɪ seɪ ˌwəˈtɛvər ðə ˈvɪktɪm θɪŋks ðə ˈtɔrʧərərz wɔnt tɪ hir. bət nən əv ðɪs ˈmætərz. nɔr dɪz ɪt ˈmætər haʊ ˈfraɪtənd wi ər. ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd. wi ər nɑt əˈlaʊd tɪ ˈtɔrʧər ˈpipəl, bɪˈkəz wi hæv pæst lɔz əˈgɛnst ɪt ənd saɪnd ˈtritiz seɪɪŋ wi du ɪt. ðə u.n*. kənˈvɛnʃən əˈgɛnst ˈtɔrʧər, wɪʧ ðə juz. saɪnd ɪn 1994 meɪks ɪt ˈvɛri klɪr ðət biɪŋ əˈfreɪd əv ən əˈtæk ɪz noʊ ɪkˈskjuz fər ˈtɔrʧər. ɪn ˈɑrtɪkəl 2 ðə kənˈvɛnʃən steɪts, "noʊ ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər, ˈwɛðər ə steɪt əv wɔr ər ə θrɛt əv wɔr, ˌɪnˈtərnəl pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌɪnstəˈbɪlɪti, ər ˈɛni ˈəðər ˈpəblɪk ˈimərʤənsi, meɪ bi ˌɪnˈvoʊkt ɛz ə ˌʤəstəfəˈkeɪʃən əv ˈtɔrʧər." ˈpipəl wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz meɪk ɪkˈskjuzɪz, bət ðɛr ɪz noʊ ləˈʤɪtəmət ɪkˈskjuz fər ˈtɔrʧər. æt steɪk hir ɪz ðə kaɪnd əv ˈkəntri wi wɔnt tɪ bi: ər wi ə kərˈeɪʤəs ˈneɪʃən ruld baɪ lɔz ər ə ˈneɪʃən əv kaʊərdz? fɔls əˈsəmpʃən 2 ˈtɔrʧər ˈɛndɪd wɪn ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ lɛft ˈɔfəs. ɪn hɪz ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ðə deɪ ðə rɪˈpɔrt wɑz riˈlist, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə traɪd wəns əˈgɛn tɪ ʃəv juz. ˈtɔrʧər ˈɪntu ə bɑks ˈleɪbəld bæd θɪŋz wi juzd tɪ du. "ˈrəðər ðən əˈnəðər ˈrizən tɪ oʊld ˈɑrgjəmənts," hi sɛd, "aɪ hoʊp ðət rɪˈpɔrt kən hɛlp ˈjuˈɛs liv ðiz tɛkˈniks wɛr ðeɪ bɪˈlɔŋ: ɪn ðə pæst." ɪn fækt, ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəˌlaɪzd steɪt ˈtɔrʧər ɪz nɑt ə θɪŋ əv ðə pæst. ɪt həz kənˈtɪnjud ˈəndər ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə. hir ər səm ɪgˈzæmpəlz: *twaɪs ə deɪ ɪn ðə juz. ˈprɪzən æt, gɑrdz ˈfɔrsəbli riˈmuv ˈhəŋgər ˈstraɪkərz frəm ðɛr sɛlz, stræp ðɛm tɪ ə ʧɛr, ənd "fid" ðɛm θru ə tub ʤæmd əp ðə noʊz ənd daʊn ˈɪntu ðə ˈstəmək. haʊ wən ˈvɪktɪm rɪˈmɛmbərd ðət ɪkˈspɪriəns: wɪl ˈnɛvər fərˈgɛt ðə fərst taɪm ðeɪ pæst ðə ˈfidɪŋ tub əp maɪ noʊz. aɪ dɪˈskraɪb haʊ ˈpeɪnfəl ɪt ɪz tɪ bi ðɪs weɪ. ɛz ɪt wɑz θrəst ɪn, ɪt meɪd mi fil laɪk θroʊɪŋ əp. aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ˈvɑmət, bət aɪ. ðɛr wɑz ˈægəni ɪn maɪ ʧɛst, θroʊt, ənd ˈstəmək. aɪ hæd ˈnɛvər ɪkˈspɪriənst səʧ peɪn ˌbiˈfɔr. aɪ wʊd nɑt wɪʃ ðɪs kruəl ˈpənɪʃmənt əˈpɑn anyone.”*.” ɪz noʊ ˌjuˌmænəˈtɛriən ækt; ɪt ɪz ə ˈpənɪʃmənt fər nɑnˈvaɪələnt rɪˈzɪstəns. ɪt ˈɔfən bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ wət əˈfɪʃəlz kɔl "sɛl ɛkˈstrækʃən" ɛz ɪf ˈprɪzənərz wər tiθ tɪ bi pʊld aʊt əv ə ʤɔ. wət ˈhæpənz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈprɪzənər al-alwi*, hu həz bɪn æt sɪns 2002 aɪ ʧuz tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ɪn maɪ sɛl ɪn ən ækt əv ˈpisfəl ˈproʊˌtɛst əˈgɛnst ðə, ðə ˈprɪzən əˈθɔrətiz sɛnd ɪn ə fɔrst sɛl ɛkˈstrækʃən tim: sɪks gɑrdz ɪn fʊl raɪət gɪr. ðoʊz gɑrdz ər dɪˈlɪbərətli ˈbrutəl tɪ ˈpənɪʃ mi fər maɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst. ðeɪ paɪl əp ɔn tɔp əv mi tɪ ðə pɔɪnt ðət aɪ fil laɪk maɪ bæk ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ breɪk. ðeɪ ðɛn ˈkɛri mi aʊt ənd stræp mi ˈɪntu ðə rɪˈstreɪnt ʧɛr, wɪʧ wi ˈhəŋgər ˈstraɪkərz kɔl ðə ˈtɔrʧər chair.”*.” gɑrdz juz ðə "ˈtɔrʧər ʧɛr" tɪ riˈstreɪn ðə ˈprɪzənər, sɪz al-alwi*, bət ˈɔlsoʊ tɪ meɪk ðə prəˈsiʤər ˈivɪn mɔr ˈpeɪnfəl: nu twɪst tɪ ðɪs ruˈtin ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ðə gɑrdz riˈstreɪnɪŋ mi tɪ ðə ʧɛr wɪθ maɪ ɑrmz kəft bɪˈhaɪnd maɪ bæk. ðə ʧɛst stræp ɪz ðɛn ˈtaɪtənd, ˈtræpɪŋ maɪ ɑrmz bɪtˈwin maɪ ˈtɔrˌsoʊ ənd ðə ˈbæˌkrɛst. ðɪs ɪz dən dɪˈspaɪt ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈtɔrʧər ʧɛr ˈfiʧərz ˈbɪlˌtɪn ɑrm rɪˈstreɪnts. ɪt ɪz ɪkˈstrimli ˈpeɪnfəl tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ðɪs position.”*.” æt ˈprɛzənt, ə ˈneɪvi nərs ˈfeɪsɪz ˈpɑsəbəl dɪˈsɑnərəbəl ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤ fər rɪfˈjuzɪŋ tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ðiz fɔrs ˈfidɪŋz, bɪˈkəz hi bɪˈlivz ðeɪ ər ə fɔrm əv ˈtɔrʧər. waɪ ər dɪˌteɪˈniz ɔn ˈhəŋgər straɪk ɪn ðə fərst pleɪs? ðeɪ ər ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈoʊnli nɑnˈvaɪələnt minz əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ðɛm tɪ ˈproʊˌtɛst ðɛr ˌɪnˈdɛfənət ənd ˌɪˈligəl dɪˈtɛnʃən, wɪʧ ðə u.n*. kəˈmɪti əˈgɛnst ˈtɔrʧər sɪz ɪz ɪn ˌɪtˈsɛlf ə vaɪəˈleɪʃən əv juz. ˈdutiz ˈəndər ðə u.n*. kənˈvɛnʃən əˈgɛnst ˈtɔrʧər ənd ˈəðər kruəl, ˌɪnˈhjumən, ənd dɪˈgreɪdɪŋ ˈtritmənt. ɪt ənˈtɪl ðɪs dɪˈsɛmbər ðət ðə juz. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈfaɪnəli riˈlist ɪts læst dɪˌteɪˈniz frəm ðə noʊˈtɔriəs dɪˈtɛnʃən fəˈsɪlɪti ɪn ɔn ɛr beɪs ɪn æfˈgænəˌstæn. ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2014 ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts "kˈwaɪətli riˈlist" 14 ˌpækɪˈstæniz ɪt hæd hɛld ðɛr fər səm jɪrz nən əv hum wɑz ˈɛvər əˈkjuzd əv ˈɛni kraɪm. wi noʊ ˈnəθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈtritmənt əv ðoʊz hu rɪˈmeɪnd æt, bət wi du noʊ ðət, laɪk ðə dɪˌteɪˈniz æt, ðə mɛn biɪŋ hɛld ðɛr juzd ˈhəŋgər straɪks ɛz ðɛr ˈoʊnli nɑnˈvaɪələnt minz əv rɪˈzɪstɪŋ ðɛr ˌɪnˈdɛfənət dɪˈtɛnʃən ənd ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt. ɪn wət əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ə dɪˈrɛkt ˌkɑntrəˈvɛnʧən əv ə 2009 ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər tɪ ðə siaɪeɪ tɪ ʃət daʊn ɔl ɪts "blæk saɪts," ər ˈsikrɪt ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən ˈsɛnərz əraʊnd ðə wərld, ðə ˈeɪʤənsi simz stɪl tɪ bi ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ æt list wən əv ðɛm. ər æt list ɪt wɑz tu jɪrz ˈleɪtər wɪn ˈʤərnəlɪst ˈʤɛrəˌmi ˈskeɪˌhɪl ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɔn ə ˈsikrɪt ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ˈprɪzən ɪn ˌmoʊgəˈdiˌʃu, səˈmɑljə, rən baɪ ðə siaɪeɪ, ɑˈstɛnsəbli ɪn kˌwɔpərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ðə səˈmɑli ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈeɪʤənsi. ðɛr, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈskeɪˌhɪl, "juz. ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˌpərsəˈnɛl peɪ ðə ˈsæləriz əv ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənts ənd ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈrɛkli ˌɪnˈtɛrəˌgeɪt ˈprɪzənərz." hæv ðiz ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈeɪʤənts juzd "ɛnˈhænst ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən tɛkˈniks"? wi noʊ. wət wi du noʊ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɑz ðət ðə pleɪs wɑz dɑrk, ˈfɪlθi, ənd ˌɪnˈfɛstɪd wɪθ ˈbɛdbəgz ənd məˈskitoʊz. wi noʊ ðət ˈprɪzənərz hɛld ðɛr hæd bɪn ˈkɪdˌnæpt, ˈhʊdɪd, ənd trænˈspɔrtəd baɪ pleɪn ɪn ə staɪl fəˈmɪljər tɪ ˈɛniˌwən hu həz ˈfɑloʊd ðə ˈmɛθədz ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈdəzən jɪrz. ɪf ðət saɪt ɪz stɪl ˈoʊpən, ˈiðər ðə siaɪeɪ ɪz ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪt wɪθ ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈnɑlɪʤ ənd kənˈsɛnt ər ɪt ɪz dɪˈfaɪɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ɪn ˈiðər keɪs, ðɛr wɑz ənd ˈpɑsəbli stɪl ɪz ə ˈsɪriəs briʧ əv ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv paʊər goʊɪŋ ɔn. ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˌkɑnfərˈmeɪʃən ˈhirɪŋz, fərst siaɪeɪ dɪˈrɛktər, liɑn pəˈnɛtə, toʊld ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈkɑŋgrəs ðət "ɪf ðə əˈpruvd tɛkˈniks wər sufficient’*’ tɪ gɪt ə ˌditeɪˈni tɪ dɪˈvəlʤ ˈditeɪlz hi wɑz səˈspɛktɪd əv noʊɪŋ əˈbaʊt ən ˈɪmənənt əˈtæk, hi wʊd æsk fər authority’*’ tɪ juz ˈəðər ˈmɛθədz." ˈprɛzɪdənt 2009 ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔrdər ˈɛndɪŋ siaɪeɪ ˈtɔrʧər stɪl lɛft ˈoʊpən ə ˈtɔrʧər ˈwɪndoʊ. ɪt kənˈtɪnjud tɪ əˈlaʊ fər "ˌɛkstrəˈɔrdəˌnɛri rɛnˈdɪʃən," ðə ˈkæpʧər əv ˈtɛrər ˈsəˌspɛkts əˈbrɔd ənd ðɛr ˈʃɪpɪŋ tɪ ˈəðər ˈkəntriz fər dɪˈtɛnʃən ənd ˌɪnˌtɛrəˈgeɪʃən. ðə juz. ˈrɛkərd ɔn ðɪs ˈpræktɪs sɪns həz bɪn ə grɪm ˈhɪstəri əv ˈtɔrʧər æt wən riˈmuv. tru, ðə ˈɔrdər sɪz ðət noʊ wən ʃʊd bi sɛnt tɪ ə ˈkəntri ɪn wɪʧ hi ər ʃi ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈtɔrʧərd, bət ðə juz. ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv "ˈlaɪkli" ˈdɪfərz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli frəm ðət əv ðə u.n*. kənˈvɛnʃən əˈgɛnst ˈtɔrʧər. ˈɑrtɪkəl 3 əv ðə kənˈvɛnʃən sɪz noʊ wən meɪ bi sɛnt tɪ əˈnəðər ˈkəntri ɪf ðɛr ər "səbˈstænʃəl graʊnz fər bɪˈlivɪŋ ðət hi wʊd bi ɪn ˈdeɪnʤər əv biɪŋ səˈbʤɛktɪd tɪ ˈtɔrʧər." ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˌɪnˈsɪsts ɔn ə mɔr ˈlinjənt ˈstændərd: proʊˈhɪbətɪŋ rɛnˈdɪʃən ɪf ɪt ɪz "mɔr ˈlaɪkli ðən nɑt" ðət ˈtɔrʧər wɪl teɪk pleɪs. ɪn ˈpræktɪs, ðɪs minz riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn ðə wərd əv ðə rɪˈsivɪŋ ˈkəntri ðət noʊ hɑrm wɪl bi dən (wɪŋk, wɪŋk). ðə juz. ˈɑrmi fild ˈmænjuəl ɔn ˈjumən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəˈlɛktər ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz proʊˈhɪbəts ˈmɛni fɔrmz əv ˈtɔrʧər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə ˈklæsəˌfaɪd "ˈæˌnɛks" stɪl ˈpərˌmɪts slip ˌdɛprəˈveɪʃən ənd ˈsɛnsəri ˌdɛprəˈveɪʃən. ðə u.n*. kəˈmɪti əˈgɛnst ˈtɔrʧər flægd ðɪs əˈməŋ ˈmɛni ˈəðər kənˈsərnz ɪn ɪts ˈrisənt rɪˈpɔrt ɔn juz. kəmˈplaɪəns wɪθ ðə kənˈvɛnʃən əˈgɛnst ˈtɔrʧər. noʊ haɪ səˈvɪljən əˈfɪʃəlz ər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kəˈmændərz ənd ˈəðər ˌpərsəˈnɛl wər ˈɛvər ˈprɑsɪˌkjutɪd fər ðə ˈtɔrʧər ðeɪ ˈɔrdərd ər ˈoʊvərˌsɔ, nɔr əv kɔrs wər ðə ˈækʧəwəl siaɪeɪ ˈtɔrʧərərz. ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈraɪtɪŋ ðɛr ˈmɛmˌwɑrz ənd ˈpeɪnɪŋ ˈpɪkʧərz əv ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈbeɪðɪŋ. ɪf ðɛr pəˈlɪtɪkəl paʊər meɪks ɪt ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ traɪ ðɛm hir, pərˈhæps ðə ˈaʊˌtreɪʤ əv ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kəmˈjunɪti kən æt list meɪk dɪk ˈʧeɪni ənd ʤɔrʤ ˈdəbəlju. bʊʃ ˈaʊtˌkæsts laɪk ˈəðər dɪˈskrɛdɪtɪd ˈfɔrmər ˈrulərz əˈlɔŋ ðə laɪnz əv sˈloʊboʊˌdɑn ər bɛn ˈɑli. ər ˈmeɪbi ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts kʊd ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈfɑloʊ ðə u.n*. kəˈmɪti əˈgɛnst ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃən ənd ˈfaɪnəli saɪn əp fər ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkrɪmənəl kɔrt. fɔls əˈsəmpʃən 3 ˈtɔrʧər ˈoʊnli kaʊnts wɪn ɪt ˈhæpənz ɪn ˈfɔrən wɔrz. ðɪs ɪz nɑt tru ˈiðər. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, ˈtɔrʧər ˈhæpənz raɪt hir ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪn pəˈlis ˈsteɪʃənz, ˈɪməgrənt dɪˈtɛnʃən ˈsɛnərz, ənd ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ʤeɪlz ənd ˈprɪzənz ðət hoʊld ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl. wɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz kəˈmɪti əˈgɛnst ˈtɔrʧər riˈlist ɪts rɪˈpɔrt ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər ɔn juz. kəmˈplaɪəns wɪθ ðə u.n*. kənˈvɛnʃən əˈgɛnst ˈtɔrʧər, əˈməŋ ðə ˈfeɪljərz ðə kəˈmɪti ˈnoʊtɪd wər ˈtɔrʧər ənd əˈbjuz ˈpræktɪsɪz ɪn juz. ˈprɪzənz ənd ˈɪməgrənt dɪˈtɛnʃən fəˈsɪlɪtiz. ðə ˈfrikˌwɛnt bruˈtælɪti əv juz. pəˈlis ˈfɔrsɪz ənd ðɛr ˈræpɪd ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlɑrmd ðə kəˈmɪti. spəˈsɪfɪkli, ðə kəˈmɪti ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnsɪv juz əv ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt fər ˈpɪriədz əv taɪm ˈlɔŋgər ðən tu wiks ðə pɔɪnt æt wɪʧ ˈmɛni ˈpipəl stɑrt ɪgˈzɪbɪtɪŋ saɪnz əv saɪˈkoʊsəs, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈhævɪŋ həˌlusəˈneɪʃənz, ˈhirɪŋ ˈvɔɪsɪz, ənd ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ ˌpɛrəˈnɔɪə. ɪn maɪ steɪt, ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ðɛr ər ˈpipəl hu hæv bɪn kɛpt frəm ɔl ˈjumən ˈkɑnˌtækt fər mɔr ðən 15 jɪrz. wi ər bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət ðə tɪ ˈpipəl biɪŋ hɛld ɪn ˈsɑləˌtɛri kənˈfaɪnmənt ɪn ðɪs ˈkəntri ər ˈæˌkʧuəli biɪŋ ˈtɔrʧərd ˈɛvəri deɪ. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ɛz ðə u.n*. rɪˈpɔrt ˈɛmfəˌsaɪzɪz, səm əv ðiz ˈpipəl ˈivɪn bɪn kənˈvɪktəd əv ə kraɪm; ˈiðər biɪŋ hɛld ɪn dɪˈtɛnʃən ər ɪn ˈɪməgrənt dɪˈtɛnʃən ˈsɛnərz. juz. ˈprɪzənərz ˈɔlsoʊ ɪkˈspɪriəns haɪ ˈlɛvəlz əv ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəˌli ˈsæŋkʃənd reɪp ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈvaɪələns. ɪn fækt, ˈprɪzən reɪp ɪz soʊ ˈkɑmən, ə ˈrɛgjələr plɑt dɪˈvaɪs ɔn ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən pəˈlis procedurals*. wɔnt tɪ kip ə "perp*" frəm ˈæskɪŋ fər ə ˈlɔjər? θˈrɛtən tɪ sɛnd ɪm tɪ ˈraɪkərz ˈaɪlənd, wɛr hu noʊz wət kən ˈhæpən tɪ ə ˈprɪti gaɪ laɪk ɪm. ðə rɪˈpɔrt ɪz aʊt. naʊ wət? meɪk noʊ mɪˈsteɪk. ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈivɪn ðɪs ˈpɑrʃəl ənd rɪˈdæktɪd rɪˈpɔrt ˈɪntu ˈpəblɪk vju ɪz ə ril ˈvɪktəri fər ˈɛvriˌwən hu hoʊps tɪ ɛnd steɪt ˈtɔrʧər. bət ʤɪst ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ, nɑt ðə ɛnd əv ðə faɪt. stɪl məʧ wərk tɪ du. ɛz ə stɑrt, ˈsəmˌwən nidz tɪ reɪn ɪn ə siaɪeɪ huz ˈlidərˌʃɪp, pæst ənd ˈprɛzənt, simz rɪˈmɑrkəbli kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈifɛktɪvnəs əv ˈtɔrʧər ˈpræktɪsɪz. wi nid rɪˈpɔrts laɪk ðə wən ðə ˈsɛnɪt prəˈdust əˈbaʊt ðə hoʊl ˈælfəˌbɛt sup əv ˈeɪʤənsiz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə "wɔr ɔn ˈtɛrər." wi nid ə fʊl əˈkaʊnɪŋ, ənd fʊl əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌprɑsəˈkjuʃənz əv ðoʊz riˈspɑnsəbəl, ər pərˈhæps ˈivɪn əˈfɪʃəl ˈpɑrdənz ðət wʊd æt list ɪˈstæblɪʃ ðət kraɪmz wər kəˈmɪtɪd. wi nid tɪ ɛnd ˈtɔrʧər ɪn ɑr oʊn ʤeɪlz ənd ˈprɪzənz. ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈtɔrʧər rɪˈpɔrt kʊd bi ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ wi nid tɪ ˈrɪli meɪk juz. ˈtɔrʧər ə θɪŋ əv ðə pæst. nɑt weɪst ɪt! rəˈbɛkə ˈgɔrdən ɪz ðə ˈɔθər əv ˈmeɪnˌstrimɪŋ ˈtɔrʧər: ˈɛθɪkəl əˈproʊʧɪz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ʃi ˈtiʧɪz ɪn ðə fəˈlɑsəfi dɪˈpɑrtmənt æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv sæn frænˈsɪskoʊ. ʃi ɪz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə wɔr də kəˈlɛktɪv. ju kən ˈkɑnˌtækt hər θru ðə ˈmeɪnˌstrimɪŋ ˈtɔrʧər ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. ˈfɑloʊ ɔn tˈwɪtər ənd ʤɔɪn ˈjuˈɛs ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk. ʧɛk aʊt ðə nuəst dɪˈspæʧ bʊk, rəˈbɛkə mɛn ɪkˈspleɪn θɪŋz tɪ mi, ənd tɑm ʤɪst ˈpəblɪʃt bʊk, ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈgəvərnmənt: sərˈveɪləns, ˈsikrɪt wɔrz, ənd ə ˈgloʊbəl sɪˈkjʊrəti steɪt ɪn ə wərld. ˈkɑpiˌraɪt 2014 rəˈbɛkə ˈgɔrdən rɛd mɔr baɪ tɑm ˈɛŋgɪlhɑrt
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originally posted at tomdispatch.
it came from the top and that’s never been a secret. the president authorized the building of those cia "black sites" and the use of what came to be known as "enhanced interrogation techniques" and has spoken of this with a certain pride. the president’s top officials essentially put in an order at the department of justice for "legal" justifications that would, miraculously, transform those "techniques" into something other than torture. its lawyers then pulled out their dictionaries and gave new meaning to tortured definitions of torture that could have come directly from the fused pens of franz kafka and george orwell. in the process, they even managed to leave the definition of torture to the torturer. it was a performance for the ages.
last week, former vice president dick cheney, who only days after 9/11 claimed that the bush administration was going to "work the dark side," once again championed those techniques and the cia agents who used them. it was a handy reminder of just what a would-be crew of tough-guy torture instigators he and his cohorts were. the legal veneer spread thinly over the program they set in motion was meant to provide only the faintest legal cover for the "gloves" they bragged about taking off, while obscuring the issue for the american public. after all, few in the rest of the world were likely to accept the idea that interrogation methods like waterboarding, or "the water torture" as it had once been known, were anything but torture. even in this country, it had been accepted as just that. the bush administration was, of course, helped in those years by a media that, when not cheerleading for torture, or actually lending the cia a helpful hand, essentially banished the word from its vocabulary, unless it referred to heinously similar acts committed by countries we disliked.
all in all, it was an exercise in what the "last superpower," the world’s "policeman," could get away with in the backrooms of its police stations being jerry-built around the world. and some of the techniques used with a particular brutality were evidently first demonstrated to top officials in the white house itself.
then, of course, the cia went out and applied those "enhanced techniques" to actual human beings with abandon, as the newly released (and somewhat redacted) executive summary of the senate intelligence committee’s "torture report" indicates. this was done even more severely than ordered (not that cheney & co. cared), including to a surprising number of captives that the cia later decided were innocent of anything having to do with terror or al-qaeda. all of this happened, despite a law this country signed onto prohibiting the use of torture abroad.
although what i’ve just described is now generally considered the torture story here, it really was only part of it. the other part, also a cia operation authorized at the highest levels, was "rendition" or "extraordinary rendition" as it was sometimes known. this was a global campaign of kidnappings, aided and abetted by 54 other countries, in which "terror suspects" (again often enough innocent people) were swept off the streets of major cities as well as the backlands of the planet and "rendered" to other countries, ranging from libya and syria to egypt and uzbekistan, places with their own handy torture chambers and interrogators already much practiced in "enhanced" techniques of one sort or another.
moreover, those techniques migrated like a virus from the cia and its "black sites" elsewhere in the u.s. imperium, most notoriously via guantanamo to abu ghraib, the american-run prison in iraq, where images of torture and abuse of a distinctly enhanced variety then migrated home as screensavers. what was done couldn’t have been more criminal in nature, whether judged by u.s. or international law. in its wake, its perpetrators, both the torturers and the kidnappers, were protected in a major way. except for a few low-level figures at abu ghraib and one non-torturing cia whistleblower who went to prison for releasing to a journalist the name of someone involved in the torture program, no american figure, not even those responsible for deaths at the agency’s black sites, would be brought to court. and of course, the men (and woman) most responsible would leave the government to write their memoirs for millions of dollars and defend what they did to the death (of others).
it’s one for the history books and, though it’s a good thing to have the senate report made public, it wasn’t needed to know that, in the years after 9/11, when the u.s. government created an offshore bermuda triangle of injustice, it also essentially became a criminal enterprise. recently, republican hawks in washington protested loudly against the release of that senate report, suggesting that it should be suppressed lest it "inflame" our enemies. the real question isn’t, however, about them at all, it’s about us. why won’t the release of this report inflame americans, given what their government has done in their names?
and in case you think it’s all over but for the shouting, think again, as rebecca gordon, tomdispatch regular and author of mainstreaming torture: ethical approaches in the post-9/11 united states writes today. tom
american torture – past, present, and… future?
by rebecca gordon
it’s the political story of the week in washington. at long last, after the endless stalling and foot-shuffling, the arguments about redaction and cia computer hacking, the claims that its release might stoke others out there in the muslim world to violence and "throw the c.i.a. to the wolves," the report – you know which one – is out. or at least, the redacted executive summary of it is available to be read and, as senator mark udall said before its release, "when this report is declassified, people will abhor what they read. they’re gonna be disgusted. they’re gonna be appalled. they’re gonna be shocked at what we did."
so now we can finally consider the partial release of the long-awaited report from the senate select committee on intelligence about the gruesome cia interrogation methods used during the bush administration’s "global war on terror." but here’s one important thing to keep in mind: this report addresses only the past practices of a single agency. its narrow focus encourages us to believe that, whatever the cia may have once done, that whole sorry torture chapter is now behind us.
in other words, the moment we get to read it, it’s already time to turn the page. so be shocked, be disgusted, be appalled, but don’t be fooled. the senate torture report, so many years and obstacles in the making, should only be the starting point for a discussion, not the final word on u.s. torture. here’s why.
mainstream coverage of u.s. torture in general, and of this new report in particular, rests on three false assumptions:
the most important question is whether torture "worked." u.s. torture ended when george w. bush left office. the only kind of torture that really "counts" happens in foreign war zones.
let’s look at each of these in order.
false assumption #1: the only question is "did it work?"
maybe torture "worked" on occasion. probably it didn’t. but it doesn’t matter because torture is illegal under u.s. and international law, and it’s a moral abomination.
the senate report’s first finding – and the one that much of a highly predictable debate will focus on – is that the cia’s "enhanced interrogation techniques" were "ineffective" in identifying the perpetrators of 9/11, producing actionable intelligence, or preventing terrorist attacks. in response, the rhetoric is already flying. the republicans (except for senator john mccain) are jumping up and down shouting "it did work! it did!" the president’s own cia director, john brennan, has issued his denunciation of the report. while acknowledging that "the agency made mistakes," he, too, insisted that torture "worked." (a couple of days later, he backtracked, suggesting instead that the answer to this question was actually “unknowable.”) other former officials of the agency are chiming in big time.
in the end, it doesn’t matter whether the cia’s methods – including waterboarding (which mccain calls "mock execution" and "an exquisite form of torture"); inflicting week-long sleep deprivation; repeated beatings; hanging people by their wrists for days, bombarding them with unbearable sound and light or keeping them in total darkness; threatening to sexually abuse their mothers or harm their children; or, in possibly five cases, shoving a tube up someone’s rectum and filling it with water (supposedly for "rectal rehydration") – were effective. it doesn’t matter whether these methods led the navy seals to osama bin laden. it doesn’t matter whether these methods prevented an al-qaeda attack on the library tower in los angeles. it doesn’t matter whether they saved american (and only american!) lives. in fact, for those who read the report, the senate committee is remarkably convincing on a subject about which we already have much information: torture notoriously does not produce useful information. it produces a tangled mess of truths, half-truths, lies, wild invention and confabulation, psychotic ravings, and desperate attempts to say whatever the victim thinks the torturers want to hear.
but none of this matters. nor does it matter how frightened we are. the situation isn’t complicated. we are not allowed to torture people, because we have passed laws against it and signed treaties saying we won’t do it. the u.n. convention against torture, which the u.s. signed in 1994, makes it very clear that being afraid of an attack is no excuse for torture. in article 2, the convention states, "no exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat of war, internal political instability, or any other public emergency, may be invoked as a justification of torture." people will always make excuses, but there is no legitimate excuse for torture.
what’s at stake here is the kind of country we want to be: are we a courageous nation ruled by laws or a nation of cowards?
false assumption #2: torture ended when george w. bush left office.
in his statement on the day the report was released, president obama tried once again to shove u.s. torture into a box labeled bad things we used to do. "rather than another reason to refight old arguments," he said, "i hope that today’s report can help us leave these techniques where they belong: in the past."
in fact, institutionalized state torture is not a thing of the past. it has continued under president obama. here are some examples:
*twice a day in the u.s. prison at guantánamo, guards forcibly remove hunger strikers from their cells, strap them to a chair, and "feed" them through a tube jammed up the nose and down into the stomach. here’s how one victim remembered that experience:
“i will never forget the first time they passed the feeding tube up my nose. i can’t describe how painful it is to be force-fed this way. as it was thrust in, it made me feel like throwing up. i wanted to vomit, but i couldn’t. there was agony in my chest, throat, and stomach. i had never experienced such pain before. i would not wish this cruel punishment upon anyone.”
force-feeding is no humanitarian act; it is a punishment for nonviolent resistance. it often begins with what officials call "cell extraction" – as if prisoners were teeth to be pulled out of a jaw. here’s what happens, according to yemini prisoner moath al-alwi, who has been at guantánamo since 2002:
“when i choose to remain in my cell in an act of peaceful protest against the force-feeding, the prison authorities send in a forced cell extraction team: six guards in full riot gear. those guards are deliberately brutal to punish me for my protest. they pile up on top of me to the point that i feel like my back is about to break. they then carry me out and strap me into the restraint chair, which we hunger strikers call the torture chair.”
guards use the "torture chair" to restrain the prisoner, says al-alwi, but also to make the procedure even more painful:
“a new twist to this routine involves the guards restraining me to the chair with my arms cuffed behind my back. the chest strap is then tightened, trapping my arms between my torso and the chair’s backrest. this is done despite the fact that the torture chair features built-in arm restraints. it is extremely painful to remain in this position.”
at present, a navy nurse faces possible dishonorable discharge for refusing to participate in these force feedings, because he believes they are a form of torture.
why are detainees on hunger strike in the first place? they are using the only nonviolent means available to them to protest their indefinite and illegal detention, which the u.n. committee against torture says is in itself a violation of u.s. duties under the u.n. convention against torture and other cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment.
* it wasn’t until this december 10th that the u.s. military finally released its last detainees from the notorious detention facility in parwan on bagram air base in afghanistan. in september 2014, the united states "quietly released" 14 pakistanis it had held there for some years – none of whom was ever accused of any crime. we know nothing about the treatment of those who remained at bagram, but we do know that, like the detainees at guantánamo, the men being held there used hunger strikes as their only nonviolent means of resisting their indefinite detention and solitary confinement.
* in what appears to be a direct contravention of a 2009 presidential executive order to the cia to shut down all its "black sites," or secret interrogation centers around the world, the agency seems still to be operating at least one of them. or at least it was two years later when journalist jeremy scahill reported on a secret underground prison in mogadishu, somalia, run by the cia, ostensibly in cooperation with the somali government’s national security agency. there, according to scahill, "u.s. intelligence personnel pay the salaries of intelligence agents and also directly interrogate prisoners."
have these intelligence agents used "enhanced interrogation techniques"? we don’t know. what we do know, however, was that the place was dark, filthy, and infested with bedbugs and mosquitoes. we know that prisoners held there had been kidnapped, hooded, and transported by plane in a style familiar to anyone who has followed the cia’s methods over the last dozen years.
if that site is still open, either the cia is operating it with the obama administration’s knowledge and consent or it is defying the president of the united states. in either case, there was and possibly still is a serious breach of executive power going on.
* during his confirmation hearings, obama’s first cia director, leon panetta, told members of congress that "if the approved techniques were ‘not sufficient’ to get a detainee to divulge details he was suspected of knowing about an imminent attack, he would ask for ‘additional authority’ to use other methods."
* president obama’s 2009 executive order ending cia torture still left open a little-discussed torture window. it continued to allow for "extraordinary rendition," the capture of terror suspects abroad and their shipping to other countries for detention and interrogation. the u.s. record on this practice since 9/11 has been a grim history of torture at one remove. true, the order says that no one should be sent to a country in which he or she is likely to be tortured, but the u.s. definition of "likely" differs significantly from that of the u.n. convention against torture. article 3 of the convention says no one may be sent to another country if there are "substantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture." the united states insists on a more lenient standard: prohibiting rendition if it is "more likely than not" that torture will take place. in practice, this means relying on the word of the receiving country that no harm will be done (wink, wink).
* the u.s. army field manual on human intelligence collector operations prohibits many forms of torture. however, a classified "annex" still permits sleep deprivation and sensory deprivation. the u.n. committee against torture flagged this – among many other concerns – in its recent report on u.s. compliance with the convention against torture.
* no high civilian officials or military commanders and other personnel were ever prosecuted for the torture they ordered or oversaw, nor of course were the actual cia torturers. instead they’re writing their memoirs and painting pictures of themselves bathing. if their political power makes it impossible to try them here, perhaps the outrage of the international community can at least make dick cheney and george w. bush outcasts like other discredited former rulers along the lines of serbia’s slobodan milosovic or tunisia’s zein el-abidine ben ali.
or maybe the united states could actually follow the u.n. committee against torture’s recommendation and finally sign up for the international criminal court.
false assumption #3: torture only counts when it happens in foreign wars.
this is not true either. sometimes, torture happens right here in the united states in police stations, immigrant detention centers, and the american jails and prisons that hold 2.3 million people.
when the united nations committee against torture released its report in november on u.s. compliance with the u.n. convention against torture, among the failures the committee noted were torture and abuse practices in u.s. prisons and immigrant detention facilities. the frequent brutality of u.s. police forces and their rapid militarization also alarmed the committee.
specifically, the committee pointed to the extensive use of solitary confinement for periods of time longer than two weeks – the point at which many people start exhibiting signs of psychosis, including having hallucinations, hearing voices, and experiencing paranoia. in my state, california, there are people who have been kept from all human contact for more than 15 years. we are beginning to recognize that the 50,000 to 80,000 people being held in solitary confinement in this country are actually being tortured every day. furthermore, as the u.n. report emphasizes, some of these people haven’t even been convicted of a crime; they’re either being held in pre-trial detention or in immigrant detention centers.
u.s. prisoners also experience high levels of institutionally sanctioned rape and sexual violence. in fact, prison rape is so common, it’s a regular plot device on television police procedurals. want to keep a "perp" from asking for a lawyer? threaten to send him to rikers island, where who knows what can happen to a pretty guy like him.
the report is out. now what?
make no mistake. getting even this partial and redacted report into public view is a real victory for everyone who hopes to end state torture. but it’s just the beginning, not the end of the fight. there’s still much work to do.
as a start, someone needs to rein in a cia whose leadership, past and present, seems remarkably committed to the effectiveness of torture practices. we need reports like the one the senate produced about the whole alphabet soup of agencies involved in the "war on terror." we need a full accounting, and full accountability, including prosecutions of those responsible, or perhaps even official pardons that would at least establish that crimes were committed. we need to end torture in our own jails and prisons.
the senate torture report could be the opening we need to really make u.s. torture a thing of the past. let’s not waste it!
rebecca gordon is the author of mainstreaming torture: ethical approaches in the post-9/11 united states. she teaches in the philosophy department at the university of san francisco. she is a member of the war times/tiempo de guerras collective. you can contact her through the mainstreaming torture website.
follow tomdispatch on twitter and join us on facebook. check out the newest dispatch book, rebecca solnit’s men explain things to me, and tom engelhardt’s just published book, shadow government: surveillance, secret wars, and a global security state in a single-superpower world.
copyright 2014 rebecca gordon
read more by tom engelhardt
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you can check out more of my stuff on tumblr: [link] made from mixed polymer clay and wiremeasures about 6" high x 5" wide x 4" longtook hoursthats it! thanks in advanced!~
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ðɛr wɪl bi noʊ dil ðɪs jɪr bɪtˈwin ðə ənd ˈjuˈɛs ɔn ðə treɪd ənd ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪp (ttip*), sɪz frɛnʧ ˈprɛzɪdənt frɑnsˈwɑ. ˈsɛvərəl frɛnʧ ənd ˈʤərmən ˈmɪnɪstərz ˈɛkoʊd ðə ˈsteɪtmənt, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs ənˈwɪlɪŋnɪs tɪ ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz. "ðə nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ər bɔgd daʊn, pəˈzɪʃənz hæv nɑt bɪn rɪˈspɛktɪd, ɪts ˈklɪrli ənˈbælənst," sɛd ɪn ə spiʧ tɪ frɛnʧ æmˈbæsədərz. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə frɛnʧ ˈprɛzɪdənt, ðɛr wɪl nɑt bi ˈɛni əˈgrimənt ɔn ðə ɛnd əv ðə year.”*.” "lɛs dɪˈskəʃənz sər lə ni pɑz ˈjuˈɛn əˈkɔrd lɑ fɪn də l'année*. lɑ fræns ni l'approuver*" (@ˈɛlɪˌsi) ˈɔgəst 30 2016 ˈərliər, ˈmɪnɪstər əv steɪt fər ˈfɔrən treɪd məˈθaɪəs toʊld frɛnʧ ˈmidiə ðət ðə ˈkɑrənt tɔks ʃʊd bi ˈhɔltɪd ənd nu wənz ʃʊd bɪˈgɪn. ɪz noʊ mɔr pəˈlɪtɪkəl səˈpɔrt ɪn fræns fər ðiz negotiations,”*,” ənd kɔlz fər ən ɛnd tɪ ðiz negotiations,”*,” toʊld ˈreɪdiˌoʊ. lɑ fræns dɪ də məˈθaɪəs (@matthiasfekl*) ˈɔgəst 30 2016 wən əv ðə ˈprɑbləmz əv ðə dil laɪz ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈætəˌtud təˈwɔrdz ðə nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz, hi sɛd. rɛd mɔr: rɪˈspɛkt interests’*’: frɛnʧ piɛm vɔlz sɪz ‘‘non’*’ tɪ ˌtrænzəˈtlænɪk ˈtriti əˈmɛrɪkənz gɪv ˈnəθɪŋ ər ʤɪst crumbs…*… ðət ɪz nɑt haʊ nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ər dən bɪtˈwin allies,”*,” sɛd. nid ə klɪr ənd dɪˈfɪnɪtɪv hɔlt tɪ ðiz nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ riˈstɑrt ɔn ə gʊd foundation.”*.” fræns ə hɔlt tɪ [ˌtrænzəˈtlænɪk fri treɪd ˈɛriə] ənd [ˌtrænzəˈtlænɪk treɪd ənd ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt partnership],”*],” hi tweeted*. sɛd ðət fræns wɪl reɪz ðə keɪs æt ə ˈmitɪŋ əv ˈfɔrən treɪd ˈmɪnɪstərz ɪn bratislava*, sˌloʊˈvɑˌkiə, ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər. ˈʤərmən ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər ˈædɪd ðət ˈjuˈɛs ənd stɪl ər away”*” ənd hæv wərk tɪ du ɔn ðə ˈstændərdz əv ðə dil. nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz bɪtˈwin ənd ˈjuˈɛs hæv də ˈfæktoʊ failed’*’ ˈʤərmən ɪˈkɑnəmi ˈmɪnɪstər (@rt_com*) ˈɔgəst 28 2016 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈʤərmən ənd ɪˈkɑnəmi ˈmɪnɪstər ˈgeɪbriəl, ðə ənˈwɪlɪŋnɪs əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən tɪ ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz ɪn fækt ˈhɔltɪd ðə dil. bɪˈliv ðət ðə əˈmɛrɪkənz hæv ˈæktɪvli ˈɛndɪd. aɪ doʊnt si ˈɛni ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz wɪθ ðə europeans,”*,” ˈgeɪbriəl sɛd. ɔn ˈsənˌdi, ˈgeɪbriəl ədˈmɪtəd ðət nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz hæd ɛˈsɛnʃəli feɪld. maɪ əˈpɪnjən ðə nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wɪθ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts hæv də ˈfæktoʊ feɪld, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ɪz ˈrɪli ədˈmɪtɪŋ it,”*,” ðə ˈmɪnɪstər toʊld ˈbrɔdˌkæstər. “[“[they*] hæv feɪld bɪˈkəz wi ˌjʊrəˈpiənz dɪd nɑt wɔnt tɪ ˈsəbʤɪkt ɑrˈsɛlvz tɪ əˈmɛrɪkən demands.”*.” ðə dil stɪl həz ˈbækɪŋ ɪn səm kˈwɔrtərz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪθ ə ˈnəmbər əv əˈfɪʃəlz ˈspikɪŋ aʊt ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ɪt. ˌɪˈtæljən ˈmɪnɪstər əv ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈkɑrloʊ bɪˈlivz ðət ðə tɔks məst kənˈtɪnju. wɪl bi sild. ɪt ɪz ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl," hi sɛd ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˌkɔˈrjɛr ˈdɛlə ˈsɪrə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər. hæv tɪ ˈkɛri ɔn. ðɪs əˈkɔrd ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəl fər italy.”*.” ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ˈjuˈɛs treɪd ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪv ˈmaɪkəl ˈfroʊmən toʊld dər ˈspigəl ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ðət ðə tɔks ɪn fækt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈstɛdi progress.”*.” ˈwɔʃɪŋtən həz bɪn ˌɪnˈsɪstɪŋ ðət ðə fri treɪd dil bi saɪnd ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɛnd əv 2016 bət ɪt həz ɪnˈkaʊnərd strɔŋ ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən frəm ə ˈnəmbər əv ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈneɪʃənz. ðə ɪz ə fri treɪd ˈtriti ˈprɑʤɛkt ðət wɑz dəbd ɛz ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ðə ˈmoʊmənt ɪt wɑz prəˈpoʊzd θri jɪrz əˈgoʊ ənd həz bɪn ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd fər ɪts ˈsikrətɪvnəs ənd læk əv əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti ˈɛvər sɪns. ðə prəˈpoʊzd dil eɪmz æt prəˈmoʊtɪŋ treɪd ənd ˌməltɪˈlætərəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk groʊθ baɪ kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst zoʊn. ˈbækərz seɪ ɪt wɪl hɛlp smɔl ˈbɪznɪsɪz ˈoʊpənɪŋ əp ˈmɑrkɪts ənd ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈkəstəmz ˈprɑsɛsəz ˈiziər, waɪl treɪd ˈtɛrəfs ɔn ˈprɑdəkts wʊd bi rɪˈdust. bət ˈkrɪtɪks əv fɪr bɪg ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz wɪl bi ðə ˈoʊnli wənz tɪ ˈprɑfɪt frəm ðə dil, wɪθ ˈkɔrpərət ˈɪntəˌrɛst ˈkəmɪŋ ˈivɪn əˈhɛd əv ˈnæʃənəl ˈɪntəˌrɛst. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə grup ˈgloʊbəl ˈʤəstɪs naʊ, nɪk ˈdɪrdən, ðə ə ˈvɛri ˈdeɪnʤərəs treɪd dil wɪʧ ɪz lɛs əˈbaʊt treɪd ənd mɔr əˈbaʊt bɪg ˈbɪznɪs ˈteɪkɪŋ kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ɑr regulations.”*.” ɪz soʊ məʧ ˈprɛʃər ɔn boʊθ saɪdz əv ðə atlantic,”*,” hi toʊld, nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtɪŋ teams…*… ər traɪɪŋ tɪ meɪk ɪt lʊk laɪk ðeɪ ər ˈmitɪŋ ðə wɪl əv ðə ˈpipəl ənd ˈɔlsoʊ duɪŋ wət ðə dil wɑz ɔl əˈbaʊt ˈhændɪŋ bɪg ʧəŋks əv ɑr dɪˈmɑkrəsi tɪ ðə rul əv bɪg business.”*.” ˈæktɪvɪst səˈkinə ʃik sɛd nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ɔn ʃʊd nɑt bi hɛld æt ɔl. hæv ˈoʊvər 3 ˈmɪljən ˈsɪgnəʧərz seɪɪŋ ɪz nɑt ə dil wi want.’*.’ nɑt ʤɪst fər ðə ˈrizənz ðət fræns ənd ˈʤərməni tɔk əˈbaʊt, wɪʧ ɪz əˈbaʊt ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz. bət bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvɪsɪz, bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈsɛtɪŋ əp əv ˈkɔrpərət kɔrts ənd ˈgɪvɪŋ ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz tu məʧ paʊər. aɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt taɪm wi lɛt die,”*,” ʃi toʊld.
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